https://scispace.com/papers/zopiclone-effects-on-breathing-at-sleep-in-stable-chronic-4saa1p40ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dptcco2-according-to-sleep-stages-184xy4gz.png Figure 4 ΔptcCO2 according to sleep stages https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-and-methods-for-the-three-included-papers-2wrxwmsp.png Table 1 Design and methods for the three included papers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-inclusion-2g6edpol.png Figure 1 Study inclusion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forced-expiratory-volume-first-second-fev1-versus-k0iumty6.png Figure 3 Forced expiratory volume first second ( FEV1) versus daytime arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), markers on sleep hypoventilation (SH) and long term oxygen therapy (LTOT), horizontal line indicating hypercapnia (6,3 kPa) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-sleep-versus-mean-nocturnal-value-of-the-28wstlym.png Figure 8 Mean sleep versus mean nocturnal value of the transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure increase (kPa) https://scispace.com/papers/znmgo-quantum-dots-grown-by-low-pressure-metal-organic-11yfkfn2a5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stm-i-v-characteristics-of-zno-and-znmgo-qds-grown-at-22dyv2ou.png FIG. 5. STM I-V characteristics of ZnO and ZnMgO QDs grown at 400 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparative-room-temperature-pl-spectra-for-zno-thin-3b6v688p.png FIG. 4. Comparative room-temperature PL spectra for ZnO thin film, ZnO QDs, and ZnMgO QDs grown at 400 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xps-narrow-scan-spectrum-of-mg-1s-region-for-znmgo-qds-39it5sf0.png FIG. 3. XPS narrow scan spectrum of Mg 1s region for ZnMgO QDs grown at 400 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fe-sem-top-view-images-of-znmgo-qds-grown-at-different-2fdvrswe.png FIG. 2. FE-SEM top view images of ZnMgO QDs grown at different temperatures: a 350 °C, b 400 °C, and c 450 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/zygotic-contractility-awakening-during-mouse-preimplantation-1a5cchj15u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analysis-of-pecowaco-during-cleavage-stages-a-2ak1kjnj.png Figure 1: Analysis of PeCoWaCo during cleavage stages. A) Representative images of a short-term time-lapse overlaid with a subset of velocity vectors from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis during cleavage stages (Movie 1). Magenta for positive and green for negative Y directed movement. Scale bars, 20 µm. B) Velocity over time for a representative velocity vector of each embryo shown in A. C) Mean power spectrum resulting from Fourier transform of PIV analysis of Zygote (grey, n = 13), 2-cell (blue, n = 22), 4-cell (orange, n = 33) and 8-cell (green, n = 22) stages embryos showing detectable oscillations. Data show as mean ± SEM. D) Proportion of Zygote (grey, n = 27), 2-cell (blue, n = 52), 4-cell (orange, n = 39), 8-cell stage (green, n = 34) embryos showing detectable oscillations after Fourier transform of PIV analysis. Light grey shows non-oscillating embryos. Chi2 p values comparing different stages are indicated. E) Oscillation period of Zygote (grey, n = 13), 2-cell (blue, n = 22), 4-cell (orange, n = 33), 8-cell (green, n = 22) stages embryos. Larger circles show median values. Student’s t test p values are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-period-and-velocity-of-pecowaco-are-stable-across-a-1jbymqjz.png Figure 3: Period and velocity of PeCoWaCo are stable across a broad range of cell sizes. A) Surface deformation tracking for period detection and velocity measurements. Scale bar, 10 µm. B) Schematic diagram of fusion of 16-cell stage blastomeres. C-D) Oscillation period (C) and wave velocity (D) of fused blastomeres. 8 x 1/16th (blue, n=6) , 4 x 1/16th (orange, n = 12) nd 2 x 1/16th (green, n=7) fused bla tomeres are shown. Large circles show median. E) Schematic iagram of fragment tion of 16- ell stage blastomeres. F-G) Oscillation period (F) and wave velocity (G) of fragmented blastomeres. Control (black, n = 6), fragmented cell (magenta, n= 8), enucleated fragment (pink, n=4) are shown. H-I) Oscillation period (H) and wave velocity (I) for size-manipulated 16-cell stage blastomeres. Larger circles show median values. Student’s t-test p values are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cortical-changes-during-preimplantation-development-8nn93lwy.png Figure 4: Cortical changes during preimplantation development. A) Representative images of the tension mapping method. B) Surface tension of blastomeres throughout cleavage stages. Zygote (gray, n = 60), 2-cell (blue, n = 86), 4-cell (orange, n= 55), early 8-cell (green, n=28) stages are shown. C) Representative images of Control and 100nM Latrunculin A treated embryos overlaid with a subset of velocity vectors from Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis (Movie 6). D-E) Proportion (D) of embryos showing detectable oscillations and their detected period (E) of DMSO treated (n = 26) and 100 nM Latrunculin A treated (n = 27) 2-cell stage embryos. Chi2 p value is indicated. Light grey shows nonoscillating embryos. Larger circles show median values. https://scispace.com/papers/1-5-bis-3-bromo-2-thienyl-3-3-nitrophenyl-pentane-1-5-dione-5tp7b50epj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-torsion-angles-9drkembx.png Table 1 Selected torsion angles ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-molecular-structure-of-the-title-compound-with-1a4pdbv9.png Figure 1 The molecular structure of the title compound with the atom numbering; displacement ellipsoids are at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/papers/10-mw-supercritical-co2-turbine-test-2vwt02pt48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-project-tasks-and-partner-roles-s60qx253.png Table 1. Project tasks and partner roles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-surface-morphologies-and-cross-sections-of-f91-and-32tnvjgm.png Figure 10. Surface morphologies and cross-sections of F91 and HCM12A samples exposed to SCO2 at 650°C for 500 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-high-temperature-recuperator-requirements-1iwhm9sq.png Table 7. High temperature recuperator requirements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-allowable-stress-limits-for-candidates-alloys-as-a-29nmewcg.png Figure 12. Allowable stress limits for candidates alloys as a function of temperature. Shifting maximum TIT from 700ºC to 600ºC will allow for use of lower-cost alloys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-oxidation-curves-of-347ss-at-450c-550c-and-650c-in-3tutyu54.png Figure 4. Oxidation curves of 347SS at 450C, 550C, and 650C in research grade s-CO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-morphology-of-alloy-347ss-at-2000x-after-2b7t26c0.png Figure 5. Surface morphology of alloy 347SS at 2000X after 1000 hours exposure, from left to right at: 450°C, 550°C, and 650°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-surface-morphology-of-alloy-800h-at-2000x-after-1gimqg08.png Figure 3. Surface morphology of alloy 800H at 2000X after 1000 hours exposure, from left to right at 450°C, 550°C, and 650°C https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-conceptual-design-matrix-for-s-co2-csp-system-34uaecbq.png Table 10. Conceptual design matrix for s-CO2 / CSP system modeling https://scispace.com/papers/133cs-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-study-of-one-dimensional-20f7y5ovod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-energy-parameters-and-correlation-time-from-various-32eh7ftj.png TABLE I. Energy parameters and correlation time from various experiments and theories, for CsH2PO4 at atmospheric pressure. Note that some entries differ by factors of 2 or 4 from those appearing in the corresponding references because of differences in definitions of Jb and JP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ordering-of-hydrogen-bonds-in-csh2po4-in-paraelec-tric-t0k2ksi5.png FIG. 3. Ordering of hydrogen bonds in CsH2PO4 in paraelec tric (PE) phase, ferroelectric (FE) phase, antiferroelectric (AFE I) phase composed of two oppositely polarized planar sublattices, and the postulated antiferroelectric (AFE II) phase composed of two oppositely polarized checkerboard sublattices. Known and postulated (for AFE II phase) unit-cell boundaries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-the-critical-portion-of-cs-3q3xdzrm.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of the critical portion of ' 'Cs spin-lattice relaxation time T& in CsH&PO4 for pressures of 1 bar, circles (BLTZ data shown by diamonds), 1.5 kbar (squares), 3 kbar (triangles), 3.3 kbar (stars), and 3.6 kbar (pentagons). Predictions of Eqs. (18) and (27) are indicated by solid lines. Dashed line portions correspond to an extrapolation of the 2D expression of Eq. (21). The line for 3.3 kbar is omitted https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-known-and-proposed-phase-diagram-for-csh-po4-at-low-3nl0xwe6.png FIG. 4. Known and proposed phase diagram for CsH&PO4 at low temperature and moderate hydrostatic pressure, showing monoclinic space groups and number Z of molecules per unit cell. Known phase boundaries are solid lines, proposed boundaries are dashed lines. Phases shown are paraelectric (PE), ferroelectric (FE), planar antiferroelectric (AFE I), and proposed checkerboard antiferroelectric (AFE II). https://scispace.com/papers/18-coupling-ce-and-microchip-based-devices-with-mass-3vz9maffi8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-for-ce2esi-ms-with-a-coaxial-2bvynno5.png FIGURE 1 Experimental setup for CE2ESI/MS with a coaxial sheath-flow interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chiral-ce2esi-ms-analysis-of-five-amphetamine-1pghixzm.png FIGURE 4 Chiral CE2ESI/MS analysis of five amphetamine derivatives and two pharmaceutical compounds. Total ion current (TIC) and extracted ion currents (XIC) of amphetamine (A), methamphetamine (MA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), and tramadol (TMD) and methadone (MTD) in plasma after LLE with electrokinetic injection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-chiral-cec2esi-ms-analysis-of-eight-b-blockers-11u-3qa7fsf8.png FIGURE 5 Chiral CEC2ESI/MS analysis of eight b-blockers: 1,1u ¼ oxprenolol, 2,2u ¼ alprenolol, 3,3u ¼ pindolol, 4,4u ¼ metoprolol, 5,5u ¼ propranolol, 6,6u ¼ talinolol, 7,7u ¼ atenolol, 8,8u ¼ carteolol. Reprinted from reference 288 with permission from Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ce2esi-ms-analysis-of-a-stressed-galantamine-sample-2xwxo4a7.png FIGURE 3 CE2ESI/MS analysis of a stressed galantamine sample (18 months, 25oC, 60% relative humidity) with structures and MS/MS spectra of both identified degradation products (peaks 1 and 2, m/z 302 and 274, respectively). Adapted from reference 169 with permission from Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-representation-of-different-interfaces-jga2dfbp.png FIGURE 6 Schematic representation of different interfaces for chip CE2ESI/MS: (A) spray directly from the chip, (B) liquid-junction capillary interface, (C) gold-coated capillary interface, and (D) coaxial sheath-flow configuration. Reprinted from reference 410 with permission from Elsevier Science B.V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-meekc2appi-ms-analysis-of-five-steroids-total-ion-ke9y0miz.png FIGURE 2 MEEKC2APPI/MS analysis of five steroids. Total ion current (TIC) and extracted ion currents (XIC) of gestrinone (GES), canrenone (CAN), metolazone (MET), finasteride (FIN), and dexamethasone (DEX) and an EOF marker (N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF). https://scispace.com/papers/18-interfaces-with-syntax-in-language-acquisition-28toeoub28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-grammar-and-interfaces-adapted-from-white-2009-51-2urnp6rc.png Figure 1: Grammar and interfaces (adapted from White 2009, 51). https://scispace.com/papers/18f-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission-tomography-ct-and-34gu2j0gpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differences-in-18f-fdg-uptake-between-positive-1yghnuer.png Figure 1 Differences in 18F-FDG uptake between ‘positive’ segments of Warrick score >0 SSc patients, ‘negative’ segments of Warrick score >0 SSc patients and ‘negative’ segments of Warrick score=0 SSc patients versus attended normalised control value (=1). 18F-FDG, 18-F fluoro-deoxy-dglucose; SSc, systemic sclerosis; SUV, standardised uptake value. https://scispace.com/papers/1d-composite-fermions-bogoliubov-like-mode-in-the-tonks-1n5sq4x8ir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-c-graphical-representation-of-eqs-7-9-the-hollow-1i37vhza.png Fig. 1 – (a)-(c) Graphical representation of eqs. (7)-(9). The hollow interaction vertices in (c) denote the density components of the two-component density-current interaction vertex. (d) The excitation spectrum of a 1D boson system at the TG regime. Besides free particle-hole pair excitations there is https://scispace.com/papers/2-d-multiparameter-viscoelastic-shallow-seismic-full-1x30d0nknh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-parameter-synthetic-example-on-a-spatially-1jh8uhbp.png Figure 6. Two-parameter synthetic example on a spatially uncorrelated model. Three columns are the true models, two-parameter viscoelastic FWI results, and mono-parameter elastic FWI result, respectively. The red crosses represent the source locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-data-fitting-in-the-uncorrelated-model-fig-2-a-2p6nep7p.png Figure 3. Data fitting in the uncorrelated model (Fig. 2). (a) Comparison of the vertical velocity seismograms of the shot at X = 50 m. Thick black lines are the observed seismograms. Red and blue dashed lines are the synthetic seismograms corresponding to the inversion results of multi-parameter elastic and viscoelastic FWIs, respectively. The waveform in each trace is scaled by its offset. (b) upper and lower images show the zoomed comparison for trace 10 and trace 20, respectively. The waveform residual is magnified by 5 times. (c) Comparison of the data misfits in the elastic (red solid line) and viscoelastic FWIs (blue solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multi-parameter-synthetic-example-on-a-spatially-28low4iq.png Figure 2. Multi-parameter synthetic example on a spatially uncorrelated model. Four columns represent the true models, viscoelastic FWI results, elastic FWI results for both velocity and density models, and elastic FWI result for velocity models only, respectively. The 1-D background models are used as the initial models for the inversion. The red crosses represent the source locations. Blue and orange rectangles highlight the crosstalk between velocity models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-data-fitting-in-the-correlated-model-fig-4-a-1desntxq.png Figure 5. Data fitting in the correlated model (Fig. 4). (a) Comparison of the vertical velocity seismograms of the shot at X = 50 m. Thick black lines are the observed seismograms. Red and blue dashed lines are the synthetic seismograms corresponding to the inversion results of multi-parameter elastic and viscoelastic FWIs, respectively. The waveform in each trace is scaled by its offset. (b) upper and lower images show the zoomed comparison for trace 60 and trace 80, respectively. The waveform residual is magnified by 5 times. (c) Comparison of the data misfits in the elastic (red solid line) and viscoelastic FWI (blue solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-estimated-source-time-functions-of-the-twelve-1lwez969.png Figure 9. The estimated source time functions of the twelve shot gathers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-multi-parameter-synthetic-example-on-a-spatially-2psmsnq8.png Figure 4. Multi-parameter synthetic example on a spatially correlated model. Three columns represent the true models, viscoelastic FWI results, and elastic FWI results, respectively. The 1-D background models are used as the initial models for the inversion. All the colour scales are identical to Fig. 2. The red crosses represent the source locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-comparison-of-a-constant-q-value-red-dashed-line-w09hbqi4.png Figure 1. (a) Comparison of a constant Q value (red dashed line) and the Q values simulated by using one relaxation mechanism (blue solid line). (b) Phase velocity dispersion of VS = 200 m/s with ω0 = 2π · 25 Hz. (c) Phase velocity dispersion of VP = 1500 m/s with ω0 = 2π · 25 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-between-the-field-data-inversion-tv99dvxg.png Figure 11. Comparison between the field-data inversion results and a GPR profile. The S-wave velocity and P-wave velocity models are overlying on the migrated image of the GPR measurement. https://scispace.com/papers/2-du-grec-aux-langues-du-monde-27fn6y4y42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-muller-karl-otfried-handbuch-der-archaologie-der-cpnj67mn.png Figure 4. Müller Karl Otfried, Handbuch der Archaologie der Kunst, Berslau, Josef Max, 1835, deuxième édition, page de titre. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ross-ludwig-manuel-de-larcheologie-des-arts-1k6dvafk.png Figure 5. Ross Ludwig, Manuel de l’archéologie des arts [Εγχειρίδιον της αρχαιολογίας των τεχνών], Αthènes, Imprimerie Royale, 1841, page de titre. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rizo-rangabe-alexandre-planches-pour-lhistoire-de-3pi0usx3.png Figure 3. Rizo Rangabé Alexandre, Planches pour l’histoire de l’art antique [Πίνακες δια την ιστορίαν της αρχαίας καλλιτεχνίας], Leipzig, E.A. Seemann, 1865, pl. 11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rizo-rangabe-alexandre-archeologie-histoire-de-lart-1bc2qbog.png Figure 6. Rizo Rangabé Alexandre, Αrchéologie. Histoire de l’Art Antique [Aρχαιολογία. Iστορία της Αρχαίας Καλλιτεχνίας], Athènes, Koromilas, vol. 1, 1865-1866, page de titre. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-carl-oesterley-portrait-de-karl-otfried-muller-1830-3fwdeycq.png Figure 7. Carl Oesterley, Portrait de Karl Otfried Müller, 1830, huile sur toile, 74x63 cm, collection privée. Photo: Stephan Eckardt, Archäologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-page-de-garde-de-denis-solomos-evriskomena-oeuvres-1h9reni9.png Figure 1. Page de garde de Denis Solomos, Evriskomena [Œuvres retrouvées], Hermis, Corfou 1859. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-premiere-page-des-prolegomenes-de-jacques-polylas-1jujegua.png Figure 2. Première page des « Prolégomènes » de Jacques Polylas aux Evriskomena [Œuvres retrouvées] de Denis Solomos. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-grigorios-pappadopoulos-source-papacostas-a-ed-fm5t095u.png Figure 8. Grigorios Pappadopoulos Source : Papacostas A. (éd.), https://scispace.com/papers/2-2-dihydroxybenzophenones-and-their-carbonyl-n-analogues-as-ez3bkbnbl8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-behaviour-of-compounds-selected-from-screening-1jvkof0h.png Table 3 Behaviour of compounds selected from screening experiments (Table 1) against hGSTA1-1 activity (IC50) and Caco2 cells (LC50) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concentration-response-graphs-for-the-determination-10vyka2w.png Figure 1. Concentration–response graphs for the determination of the IC50 values for 6 (a) and 16 (b) against hGSTA1-1. The ‘concentration’ values (lM) are presented on logarithmic scale, whereas the ‘response’ values (as% ratios of inhibited over uninhibited rates) are presented on the ‘Remaining activity’ axis. The graphs were produced using the GraFit3 v.3 computer program. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-clustering-of-the-four-selected-inhibitors-6-a-8-b-4d5kz03d.png Figure 2. Clustering of the four selected inhibitors, 6 (a), 8 (b), 14 (c) and 16 (d) at the most probable binding positions on hGSTA1-1 as predicted by in silico molecular docking. It is evident that clustering occurs on two locations in the binding site, one in the proximity of the a-helix 155–169 (internal secondary pocket; upper) shown in purple and one in the proximity of the a-helix 210–220 where CDNB also binds (external catalytic pocket; down) shown in green. All ligands are depicted in sticks representation. The position where the substrate CDNB would bind in the absence of inhibitor is shown as space filling dot model. The co-substrate GSH is depicted in magenta, the S atom in yellow, N atoms in blue and O atoms in red. The figure is created using the PYMOL v1.5 program. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mixed-inhibition-kinetics-of-hgsta1-1-with-3hl9t7jx.png Figure 6. Mixed inhibition kinetics of hGSTA1-1 with inhibitor 16 using CDNB as a variable substrate. (a) Lineweaver–Burk graph of initial velocities of hGSTA1-1 versus [CDNB] (37.5–980 lM) at different concentrations of inhibitor 16 (s 0, d 0.05, h 0.20 and j 0.60 lM). (b) Secondary graph derived from data of graph (a). Points are average of three enzyme assays. The graphs are created using the GraFit v.3 program. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effect-of-5-a-6-b-8-c-11-d-14-e-and-16-f-on-the-2uh0s8ph.png Figure 7. The effect of 5 (a), 6 (b), 8 (c), 11 (d), 14 (e) and 16 (f) on the viability of human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco2) cells after 24 h treatment. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a microplate MTT colorimetric assay. Survival (cell viability) was expressed as a percentage of the negative control without treatment with compounds. LC50 values are given as mean + SEM from three independent experiments performed in triplicate. The graphs were produced using the GraphPad PRISM v.5 computer program. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-220-dihydroxybenzophenones-and-their-n-carbonyl-2ooxxy7b.png Table 1 The 2,20-dihydroxybenzophenones and their N-carbonyl analogues of the present study and their hGSTA1-1 inhibition potency; ketones 5–10; ketoximes 11–13; N-acyl hydrazones 14–16 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-low-energy-conformations-of-substrates-cdnb-gsh-and-2ycc8tms.png Figure 4. Low energy conformations of substrates CDNB, GSH and inhibitors 6 (a) and 14 (b) at the most probable binding sites of hGSTA1-1 as predicted by in silico molecular docking. All ligands are shown as balls-and-sticks, except for CDNB which is shown as space filling dot model. Both inhibitors (green ligands) partly occupy the catalytic site and clash with CDNB when bound at the same site. GSH is depicted in magenta, the S atom in yellow, N atoms in blue and O atoms in red. The figure is created using the PyMOL v1.4 program. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-purely-competitive-inhibition-kinetics-of-hgsta1-1-jyiydufa.png Figure 3. Purely competitive inhibition kinetics of hGSTA1-1 with inhibitors 6 (a and b) and 14 (c,d) using CDNB as a variable substrate. Lineweaver–Burk graphs of initial velocities of hGSTA1-1 versus [CDNB] (37.5–980 lM) at different concentrations of inhibitor 6 (a) and inhibitor 14 (c). Secondary graphs for 6 (b) and 14 (d) derived from data of respective primary graphs (a) for 6 and (c) for 14. The inhibition constants Ki(6) for 6 and Ki(14) for 14 are the intercepts on the basis axes of graphs (b) and (d), respectively. Points are average of three enzyme assays. The graphs are created using the GraFit v.3 program. https://scispace.com/papers/2011-february-15-sunquakes-produced-by-flux-rope-eruption-4mkfx5d5yd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-first-row-magnetogram-magnetogram-difference-and-1ei811td.png Figure 1. First row: magnetogram, magnetogram difference, and intensity images. Second row: egression power snapshots at different frequencies taken on 2011 February 15. Third row (left to right): two AIA 1700 Å snapshots and an AIA 94 Å image showing flare ribbons. On all images, the blue contours are 2011 February 15 01:49:57 6 mHz egression power snapshots at 2.5 and 3 times quiet-Sun egression power. Red contours are the 10 mHz egression power (same time) at three and four times quiet-Sun egression power. The images are remapped onto heliographic grid; the distance is plotted in Megameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flux-rope-scenario-the-red-line-represents-a-field-xz2gfhwq.png Figure 5. Flux rope scenario: the red line represents a field line at the axis of the erupting flux rope and the teal line represents a field line close to the axis with a right-handed twist. The flux rope cross section is illustrated by the two gray, dashed ovals. As the flux rope erupts, overlying sheared field lines reconnect in the current sheet formed under the rope, producing two sets of field lines; short flare arcade field lines (shown in blue) and longer field lines that become part of the flux rope body, making roughly one turn about the flux rope axis (shown in green). Associated with this reconnection are particle jets represented in red in the inset box. At the photosphere the polarity inversion line (gray dashed) and flare ribbons (gray solid) are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-velocity-intensity-and-magnetic-field-variations-2j9ghch8.png Figure 4. Velocity, intensity, and magnetic field variations integrated over 6 mHz egression kernels (using a 2.5 factor of quiet-Sun egression value as a threshold). The bottom plot is egression rms at 6 mHz. The vertical lines correspond to 01:50 UT and 01:56 UT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-aia-94-a-data-showing-the-evolution-of-the-coronal-1jv4fyv0.png Figure 3. AIA 94 Å data showing the evolution of the coronal structure at the onset of the flare, CME, and sunquake. A “loop-like” feature is seen to erupt away from the body of the sigmoid (white arrow in left-hand panels). The stack plot shows a slice across the sigmoid in the direction of the motion of erupting structure. The erupting structure is indicated by the black arrow in the stack plot (right) obtained along the line shown in the image at 01:48:26 UT. Distance along the line is plotted along the y-axis in the stack plot, with values for 0 and 1 indicated in the snapshot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-row-shows-rhessi-counts-over-the-whole-region-3gar2gza.png Figure 2. Top row shows RHESSI counts (over the whole region). The next row shows RHESSI data integrated over egression sources. The vertical lines correspond to 01:50 UT and 01:56 UT. Bottom row (left to right): Hinode XRT image showing the sigmoid and RHESSI contours for the following energy ranges: 12–25 keV (middle plot) and 6–12 keV (right). The arcsecond coordinates are plotted along the x- and y-axes. The red and blue contours are as in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/2012-accomplishments-tritium-aging-studies-on-stainless-4tmfg6pclx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-samples-charged-during-run-2012-2-w4wowmeh.png Table IV Samples Charged During Run 2012-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wedge-opening-load-specimen-detail-214hbc9u.png Figure 2. Wedge Opening Load Specimen (Detail). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-microstuctures-of-a-as-forged-steel-optical-image-2yko87oi.png Figure 10. Microstuctures of (a) As Forged Steel (optical image); (b) Heat-Treated for 10 Min. at 873 K (Scanning Electron Microscope Image); and (c) Heat Treated for 10 Hours at 873 K (SEM Image). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wedge-opening-load-specimen-1gsw4m79.png Figure 1. Wedge-Opening-Load Specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-2012-international-hydrogen-conference-3snxinxq.png Figure 11. 2012 International Hydrogen Conference Presentation on “The Effects of Hydrogen and Tritium and Heat Treatment on the Deformation and Fracture Toughness Properties of Stainless Steels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tritium-charging-assembly-show-top-and-bottom-caps-2ol31b4i.png Figure 6. Tritium Charging Assembly Show Top and Bottom Caps and Six Rods https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-samples-charged-during-tritium-charging-run-2012-1-2po5lq55.png Table II Samples Charged During Tritium Charging Run 2012‐1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-2012-international-hydrogen-conference-presentation-3la4g4n0.png Figure 8. 2012 International Hydrogen Conference Presentation “Cracking Thresholds and Fracture Toughness Properties of Tritium-Charged-and-Aged Stainless Steels”. https://scispace.com/papers/23-inclusion-of-ki67-significantly-improves-performance-of-3ziohgsxt0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observed-and-predicted-breast-cancer-deaths-at-ten-2gf2xq47.png Table 2 Observed and predicted breast cancer deaths at ten years by clinical characteristics in ER positive cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hazard-ratio-estimates-for-prognostic-variables-used-2wcqf57u.png Table 1 Hazard ratio estimates for prognostic variables used https://scispace.com/papers/3-omega-power-balance-procedure-on-the-nif-1p3jv1qyo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tuning-out-differences-among-quads-will-require-12-1pazsqem.png Figure 4. Tuning out differences among quads will require 12-18 full system shots (for 2-3 iterations). A Haan foot power square pulse will be used with 500J (3ω), 3kJ (1ω), 10ns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-to-obtain-1o-and-3o-energy-and-power-requires-off-3l1lclwk.png Figure 3. To obtain 1ω and 3ω energy and power requires off-line metrology and on-line performance checks using 4 full system shots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-initial-power-balance-procedure-1uwn34in.png Figure 2. Schematic of the initial power balance procedure during laser setup requiring 10 shots per quad - includes 2 shots for model verification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-power-balance-set-up-iteration-and-2sk7myrt.png Figure 1. Summary of power balance set up, iteration, and calibration shots. Achieving power balance (pb) will require a total of 28 full system shots; 12-18 shots are dedicated to tuning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-balance-schedule-ioij780p.png Figure 5. Power balance schedule. https://scispace.com/papers/3-4-3-4-tetrachlorobiphenyl-given-to-mice-prenatally-28z1j2lsub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-the-effects-of-in-utero-exposure-to-tcb-on-motor-2hwdymm8.png Fig. I. The effects of in utero exposure to TCB on motor activity at I year of age. Mice were placed individually into activity monitors and activity was counted for 30 min. Data are square root transformations of average rate (cpm) for 8 mice per group. Data were analyzed for overall significance using a one-way ANOVA; asterisk indicates a statistical difference from control (Fisher's LSD test, P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/3d-beamforming-and-handover-analysis-for-uav-networks-53nhfsfsks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-of-the-considered-area-where-each-pixel-emt9t3z3.png Fig. 1: Representation of the considered area where each pixel represents the altitude above sea-level. All BS locations are indicated with their respective sectors and orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cumulative-distribution-function-plot-of-the-number-of-yt1tyk87.png Fig. 6: Cumulative distribution function plot of the number of handovers per minute for different antenna array topologies at an altitude of 150 m. The dashed line represents the baseline static scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-outage-cost-for-antenna-array-sizes-of-64-and-256-lti4bqq9.png Fig. 4: Outage cost for antenna array sizes of 64 and 256 antenna elements for different beam alignment intervals for a UAV flying at 40 m above ground level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cumulative-distribution-function-plot-of-the-number-of-16mugus4.png Fig. 5: Cumulative distribution function plot of the number of handovers per minute for different antenna array topologies of a total of (a) 64 elements and (b) 256 elements at an altitude of 40 m. The dashed line represents the baseline static scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-azimuth-and-elevation-antenna-patterns-of-an-64-by-39e6igj1.png Fig. 3: The azimuth and elevation antenna patterns of an 64 by 4 and a 2 by 128 square antenna array https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-11z93j4e.png TABLE I: Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-azimuth-and-elevation-antenna-patterns-of-an-8-by-1o94q2sx.png Fig. 2: The azimuth and elevation antenna patterns of an 8 by 8 and a 16 by 16 square antenna array https://scispace.com/papers/3d-printable-vascular-networks-generated-by-accelerated-1hejrxz932 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-estimate-of-a-polynomial-scaling-law-for-the-time-2m0os1hu.png Fig. 8. An estimate of a polynomial scaling law for the time required per iteration of collision resolution for an ECV network. 100 tests performed at all settings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-number-of-iterations-required-for-collision-2xx8a4zp.png Fig. 7. The number of iterations required for collision resolution for an ECV network with (a) neighbouring and (b) opposing inlet and outlet. Box plot shows minimum, median, maximum, and interquartile range. Outliers (determined as being more than 1.5 interquartile ranges beyond the upper and lower quartiles) are plotted as crosses. 100 tests performed at all settings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-alignment-of-finite-difference-estimated-gradient-v-x-3q1udg0t.png Fig. 9. Alignment of finite difference estimated gradient, ∇ V (x), with g̃(x), the fast approximation to the gradient, for 100 instances of an 8000 terminal ECV network. The contours represent the cumulative distribution of alignments at each bifurcation depth, plotted in increments of 0.1, with the color scale varying from 0 to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-notation-2knmxbiw.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF NOTATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-volume-mean-and-standard-deviation-for-a-1000-1sb60owb.png TABLE V VOLUME MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION FOR A 1000 TERMINAL ECV BY SKIP SELECTION PARAMETER RELATIVE TO THE FULL SELECTION POLICY (EQUIVALENT TO S = ∞). 100 TESTS PERFORMED AT ALL SETTINGS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimate-of-polynomial-scaling-of-build-time-t-for-an-dwctqo6n.png Fig. 4. Estimate of polynomial scaling of build time, t, for an edgefed cubic volume (ECV), centre-fed spherical shell (CSS) and above-fed planar surface (APS). Note that the CSS case required S = 1 due to the geometry of the problem, whereas the others were able to use S = 0. 100 tests performed at all settings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-terminal-depth-distributions-for-the-cubic-volume-ecv-3ex9gceb.png Fig. 5. Terminal depth distributions for the cubic volume (ECV). (a) The observed comparable distributions d(i′) for a range of terminal counts N , which broaden with increasing N . (b) The growth in mean, d̄, and standard deviation, sd, of terminal depth distributions follow the expected power law in N . 100 tests performed at all settings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-single-sample-networks-for-the-3-configurations-used-13xifqrg.png Fig. 3. Single sample networks for the 3 configurations used for testing performance: edge-fed cubic volume (ECV), centre-fed spherical shell (CSS) and above-fed planar surface (APS), with their bounding geometries shown. https://scispace.com/papers/3d-tracking-the-brownian-motion-of-colloidal-particles-using-6j6torys8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-power-spectral-density-of-the-1yvsp6if.png Fig. 9. (Color online) Power spectral density of the experimental trajectory (blue) fitted with the theoretical Brownian motion power spectral density (orange). Results are plotted in a y-semilog scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-experimental-set-up-for-hologram-ceoguf15.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Experimental set up for hologram acquisition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-white-light-image-of-a-usaf-resolution-target-used-to-3gz48bxg.png Fig. 3. White light image of a USAF resolution target used to calibrate magnification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-evolution-of-the-mean-squared-3klrk6y9.png Fig. 8. (Color online) Evolution of the mean-squared displacement as a function of the observation time ∆t. Blue, red and yellow circles are respectively obtained by computing Eq. (4) for x, y, and z coordinates. Solid lines correspond to the fit of the experimental data according to Eq. (5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standard-deviation-and-standard-error-of-the-mean-of-c3610nwb.png Table 1. Standard deviation and standard error of the mean of the radius estimation for both classical and randomized joint IP reconstruction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synoptics-of-the-joint-ip-reconstruction-algorithm-1kb02lhj.png Fig. 2. Synoptics of the joint IP reconstruction algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-hologram-of-1-um-diameter-latex-beads-the-tracked-1qlom9bi.png Fig. 4. (a) Hologram of 1 µm diameter latex beads. The tracked particle is indicated by a white arrow. (b) Imaging model extracted from IP reconstruction (a) (See Media 1 and 2). Holograms were cropped to 512 × 512 pixels around the tracked particle for the purpose of illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-trajectory-extracted-from-the-ip-1lw4emvl.png Fig. 5. (Color online) Trajectory extracted from the IP reconstruction (dark blue) and the joint IP algorithm (dark red) of the hologram sequence in Fig. 4. For the sake of readability, only projection in the xy plane is proposed . https://scispace.com/papers/3g-wireless-communications-for-mobile-robotic-tele-4zqqohb644 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-from-the-patient-station-to-the-expert-station-that-3hnp6bvj.png Table 2) from the patient station to the expert station that is used as an average ultrasound transmitted packet size. Based on the above, the maximum delay of probe movement to received image (expert–patient–expert) path was found to be around 325 ms under these specific ultrasound-encoding conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/4-benzoyl-3-4-dihydro-2h-1-4-benzoxazine-2-carbonitrile-2t9dj1i2sc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-geometric-parameters-a-ypldq7qy.png Table 1 Selected geometric parameters (Å, ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-molecular-structure-of-ii-showing-the-atom-2e1rehc1.png Figure 1 The molecular structure of (II), showing the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level and H atoms are shown as small spheres of arbitrary radii. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydrogen-bond-geometry-a-3hkxz2l0.png Table 2 Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-packing-diagram-for-ii-dashed-lines-indicate-rua1b5g4.png Figure 2 A packing diagram for (II). Dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds. Cg is the centroid of the C7–C12 ring. [Symmetry codes: (i) x, y + 12, z + 12; (ii) x + 1, y + 12, z + 12; (iii) x + 1, y + 1, z + 1; (iv) x + 1, y, z + 1.] https://scispace.com/papers/4-state-model-for-simulating-kinetic-and-steady-state-50ao7vkykj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vj-gating-parameters-used-in-fig-7-3tif6a9m.png Table 2. Vj gating parameters used in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-voltage-distribution-across-non-rectifying-1r4yc052.png Table 1. Voltage distribution across non-rectifying heterotypic and homotypic GJ channels in 4SM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vj-gating-parameters-when-fitting-of-non-rectifying-1o6qh3oc.png Table 3: Vj gating parameters, when fitting of non-rectifying GJ model was applied to rectifying GJs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematics-of-gap-junction-gj-channel-and-4-state-2x8z8hwv.png Figure 1. Schematics of gap junction (GJ) channel and 4-state model (4SM). https://scispace.com/papers/50-years-of-job-vacancies-in-colombia-the-case-of-bogota-3ox85n6wyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2qt8uuyp.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/57-a-meta-analysis-of-controlled-research-on-social-skills-xxayxe3c1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-effect-sizes-for-randomized-controlled-studies-iffbhprz.png Table 2 Mean Effect Sizes for Randomized, Controlled Studies of Social-Skills Training for Clients With Schizophrenia Organized by Measured Area of Outcome and Proximity of the Outcome Area to the Presumed Effects of Intervention https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-organization-of-outcome-measures-for-the-meta-4kxnuo1f.png Figure 1. Organization of outcome measures for the meta-analysis reflecting proximity to the target of social-skills intervention. Larger effects on measures more proximal to the intervention are presumed. https://scispace.com/papers/5g-microwave-tracking-performance-characterization-14cyfe2uir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lte-crs-signal-parameters-note-90-khz-3p0au1lx.png Table 2. LTE-CRS signal parameters. Note: ∆𝑝= ∆𝑝 ′ ∆𝑐= 90 kHz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5g-frame-structure-48d2b0n0.png Figure 5. 5G frame structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-physical-layer-resource-grid-3gtw47fp.png Figure 6. Physical layer resource grid https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lte-pss-and-sss-signal-parameters-note-15-khz-1c3ntm6b.png Table 3. LTE PSS and SSS signal parameters. Note: ∆𝑝= ∆𝑝 ′ ∆𝑐= 15 kHz https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-supported-numerologies-1r3mtgzd.png Table 4. Supported numerologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lte-pss-and-sss-frequency-allocation-27mvnqge.png Figure 4. LTE PSS and SSS frequency allocation https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-standard-deviation-of-delay-error-estimate-for-pgcj4oys.png Table 11. Standard deviation of delay error estimate (𝜎𝜖) for different signals at SNR 10 dB; gain factor (G) relative to 5GPBCH-N1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-description-of-systematic-errors-6igrr67v.png Figure 8. Description of systematic errors https://scispace.com/papers/a-3-rd-and-5-th-order-intermodulation-products-generator-for-17kl65dln6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-signal-spectrum-at-test-port-output-3-in-two-13nx273r.png Fig. 6 Measured signal spectrum at test port Output #3 in two-tone test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-signal-spectrum-at-output-1-in-two-tone-test-2b8jyumj.png Fig. 4 Measured signal spectrum at Output #1 in two-tone test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-signal-spectrum-at-test-port-output-3-in-two-m4l9j68m.png Fig. 5 Simulated signal spectrum at test port Output #3 in two-tone test https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulated-and-measured-im3-signal-powers-at-output-1-2zqqyhjx.png TABLE I. SIMULATED AND MEASURED IM3 SIGNAL POWERS AT OUTPUT #1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-signal-spectrum-at-output-1-in-two-tone-test-16nvaf8k.png Fig. 3 Simulated signal spectrum at Output #1 in two-tone test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-im5-and-im3-generation-a-attenuator-ps-phase-9p39jkaz.png Fig. 2 Proposed IM5 and IM3 generation. A: attenuator; PS: phase shifter https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulated-and-measured-im3-signal-powers-at-test-2npdkh76.png TABLE II. SIMULATED AND MEASURED IM3 SIGNAL POWERS AT TEST PORT OUTPUT#3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measured-signal-spectrum-at-output-2-in-two-tone-test-3rx6aeg1.png Fig. 8 Measured signal spectrum at Output #2 in two-tone test https://scispace.com/papers/a-13-year-study-of-dissolved-organic-carbon-in-rainwater-of-34ocr63sos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-removal-of-ethanol-formaldehyde-and-11r9tc3z.png Table 1 Percentage removal of ethanol, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde from standard solutions after acidification at pH 3, using different purging times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ratios-between-the-initial-concentrations-i-and-1rtgyuoy.png Fig. 7. Ratios between the initial concentrations (i) and overall concentrations (t) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temporal-changes-in-a-doc-and-b-vdoc-concentrations-in-2vec8jd2.png Fig. 8. Temporal changes in (A) DOC and (B) VDOC concentrations in unfiltered rainwater samples incubated at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-brazil-with-a-zoom-showing-the-areas-planted-b3lsl222.png Fig. 1.Map of Brazil with a zoom showing the areas planted with sugar cane in São Paulo State and the sampling locations in Ribeirão Preto (RP) and Araraquara (AQA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-doc-concentrations-in-rainwater-according-to-the-3hz86noy.png Fig. 4.DOC concentrations in rainwater according to the number offire spots accumulated per year within an area defined by a radius of 600 km, centered at Ribeirão Preto, from 2004 to 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-annual-or-biannual-vwm-doc-concentrations-in-rainwater-mcb39jnj.png Fig. 3. Annual or biannual VWM DOC concentrations in rainwater samples. Typically, the harvest period was from April to November and the non-harvest period was from December to March. The number of samples (n) for each period is given in the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-doc-concentrations-in-rainwater-samples-collected-from-2kuof4bu.png Fig. 2. DOC concentrations in rainwater samples collected from July 2004 to December 2016 (n = 881). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-doc-concentrations-in-rainwater-according-towind-2jis0ehh.png Fig. 5. (A)DOC concentrations in rainwater, according towind direction (data from2013 to 2016), and (B) VWMconcentrations ofDOC according to the seasonof the year (data from2004 to 2016). The number of samples (n) is given in the graph. https://scispace.com/papers/a-40-nm-cmos-complex-permittivity-sensing-pixel-for-material-3ue2pf18ir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-single-driven-single-ended-impedance-3bbuq4ay.png Fig. 6. Evolution of single-driven, single-ended impedance bridge towards a fully-differential, double-balanced topology. vb,CM denotes for commonmode signal, while vb,MM is the signal caused by the phase mismatch between the two out-of-phase driving sinusoids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-block-level-diagram-of-the-multi-harmonic-if-down-21s4943v.png Fig. 7. Block-level diagram of the multi-harmonic IF down-conversion architecture with annotated signals and their frequency-domain representation (insert). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-calibration-surfaces-acquired-from-all-admittance-2ucdqoxp.png Fig. 17. Calibration surfaces acquired from all admittance measurements, showing a linear dependence of the real and imaginary part of the inverse output to the normalized admittance and conductance, as suggested by eq. 6 and 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-fabricated-ic-micrograph-and-packaging-on-a-test-pcb-2slnm9jw.png Fig. 15. Fabricated IC micrograph and packaging on a test PCB for measuring liquid materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-of-the-implemented-fully-differential-double-ss51yc9h.png Fig. 8. Schematic of the implemented fully-differential, double-balanced bridge and 3D view of patch implementation on two top metals of the 40-nm CMOS technology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-equivalent-parallel-capacitance-and-conductance-of-18muv7du.png Fig. 9. Equivalent parallel capacitance and conductance of switched capacitor at on and off stage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-simulated-top-and-bottom-resolution-versus-real-part-w4va05wd.png Fig. 14. Simulated ′ (top) and ′′ (bottom) resolution versus real part of permittivity, at different bridge capacitance settings for f = 1 GHz, ∆f = 1 kHz, IPN = −90 dBc, NF = 7.5 dB, CG = 30 dB (off-chip amplification included). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-simulated-and-resolution-versus-permittivity-for-the-dcto8bsv.png Fig. 13. Simulated ′ and ′′ resolution versus permittivity for the chip model for f = 1 GHz, b = 2, ∆f = 1 kHz, IPN = −90 dBc, NF = 7.5 dB, CG = 30 dB (off-chip amplification included). https://scispace.com/papers/a-5-8-ghz-mixer-using-sige-hbt-process-2to3kz97vc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sige-hbt-dc-ac-characteristics-3aomocg2.png Table 1. SiGe HBT DC & AC Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mixer-with-emitter-inductive-degeneration-3ehv1ukv.png Fig. 5. Mixer with emitter inductive degeneration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photograph-of-the-fabricated-mixer-28z7wtf0.png Fig. 6. Photograph of the fabricated mixer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-measured-frequency-spectrum-at-if-port-upper-50-2ov5olne.png Fig. 7. The measured frequency spectrum at IF port (upper: 50 MHz~8.0 GHz range, lower: 100 MHz span) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rf-lo-input-balun-with-bias-circuit-2kubq982.png Fig. 3. RF/LO input balun with bias circuit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-of-drsc-rf-receiver-and-mixer-1d0sjl28.png Fig. 2. Architecture of DRSC RF receiver and mixer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ac-characteristics-of-sige-hbt-1znbgeab.png Fig. 1. AC characteristics of SiGe HBT https://scispace.com/papers/a-53-nw-9-1-enob-1-ks-s-sar-adc-in-0-13-mu-m-cmos-for-49q2yef4do 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-level-shifter-26-12dio2kn.png Fig. 11: Level shifter [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-of-the-sar-adc-3c2kz7gb.png Fig. 2: Architecture of the SAR ADC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-layout-of-the-capacitor-array-which-follows-a-partial-3arskwbc.png Fig. 5: Layout of the capacitor array which follows a partial common-centroid configuration. The capacitors are indicated according to 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dynamic-latch-comparator-20-and-its-succeeding-sr-319y4wo7.png Fig. 8: Dynamic latch comparator [20] and its succeeding SR latch https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-sampling-phase-of-capacitive-dac-with-msb-preset-2jkd9zvh.png Fig. 3: The sampling phase of capacitive DAC with MSB preset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-adc-performance-under-different-supply-settings-b9ysc810.png TABLE II ADC PERFORMANCE UNDER DIFFERENT SUPPLY SETTINGS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-adc-measurement-summary-3kovc06i.png TABLE I ADC MEASUREMENT SUMMARY https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-adc-comparison-2ggnh2b3.png TABLE III ADC COMPARISON https://scispace.com/papers/a-bacteriological-and-chemical-study-of-commercial-eggs-in-2dbdscgm2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-3hnrwyhp.png Table 10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-h8je6qq8.png Table 20. https://scispace.com/figures/table-23-bkupd6k8.png Table 23. https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-12c76vj0.png Table 25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percentage-of-samples-opened-commercially-with-30oklsg9.png Fig. 1.—Percentage of samples opened commercially with bacterial counts over 1,000,000 per gram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-2h5cfjnr.png Table 16. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-shows-another-type-of-deterioration-which-is-further-2i2kxl8w.png Table 5 shows another type of deterioration, which is further advanced and more spec-ific than that meant by the general term " stale." The yolk has become more opaque and consequently clearer in outline when viewed by the aid of the candle and has fallen to the pointed end of the shell (see PI. Ill); where it turns sluggishly when rotated. Very frequently when these eggs are opened the yolk is seen to have a very thin, weak membrane. During warm weather, when incubation goes on almost continuously, though very slowly, these eggs with settled yolks frequently show a germinal area about one-fourth inch in diameter, having a visible white line through their center—the "primitive streak" of the embryologists. (See PL II. ! Their odor is generally good and their taste not objectionable, except for soft boiling or poaching. https://scispace.com/papers/a-60ghz-13-dbm-fully-integrated-65nm-rf-cmos-power-amplifier-2txg8r9tmy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-power-added-efficiency-and-amplifier-gain-versus-input-11kcuf5l.png Fig. 6: Power added efficiency and amplifier gain versus input power. https://scispace.com/papers/a-548-year-tree-ring-chronology-of-oak-quercus-spp-for-2347tzltlk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-climatic-diagram-mean-monthly-average-temperature-1fasj7oy.png Figure 3. Climatic diagram, mean monthly average temperature (line) and mean monthly sum of precipitation (bars), integrated from the stations Ljubljana, Celje, Novo mesto, Bizeljsko and Kočevje for the period 1899–2003. The mean annual precipitation is 1,268 mm and the mean annual temperature is 9.5uC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-castle-of-pisece-view-of-the-castle-wooden-ceiling-l5rcvb78.png Figure 8. Castle of Pišece: view of the castle, wooden ceiling, and time spans of dated oak-tree-ring series differentiated into sapwood (hatched) and heartwood (white). Photo of the castle is from the archive of ZVKDS OE Novo mesto. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-southeast-slovenian-3arjczh2.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics of the southeast Slovenian oak chronology from 1456–2003, based on 183 trees and 18,390 tree rings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regional-oak-tree-ring-chronology-of-southeast-15g0kqop.png Figure 4. Regional oak tree-ring chronology of southeast Slovenia: non-detrended, raw-data chronology, detrended residual chronology, and replication. The period from 1549 (dashed line) to 2003 is replicated by $17 tree-ring series and has the subsample signal strength (SSS).0.85. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-southeast-slovenian-residual-oak-1ykvd0vy.png Figure 7. Comparison of the southeast Slovenian residual oak chronology and weather conditions (precipitation and temperature, PP-T) in June; both time series are normalized. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-teleconnection-between-the-southeast-slovenian-oak-2ddjciwj.png Figure 5. Teleconnection between the southeast Slovenian oak chronology (1456–2003) with other oak chronologies (arrows 1–6). Ovl - period of overlapping; t - t-value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-slovenia-with-the-locations-of-the-forest-1nwawvd7.png Figure 1. Map of Slovenia with the locations of the forest sites, historic buildings, climate stations (Ljubljana 46u049N, 14u299E, 299 m a.s.l.; Celje 46u159N, 15u159E, 240 m a.s.l.; Novo mesto 45u489N, 15u119E, 220 m a.s.l.; Bizeljsko (46u019N, 15u429E, 179 m a.s.l.; Kočevje 45u399N, 14u519E, 467 m a.s.l.) and castle of Pišece. Inset shows the location of Slovenia within Europe. Below are examples of typical rural buildings in the study region: hay loft (12 KEK), wooden house (10 KRI) and barn (3 OB). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-southeast-slovenian-oak-chronology-and-climate-a-2g8yotg2.png Figure 6. Southeast Slovenian oak chronology and climate: (a) response values calculated between the residual chronology and monthly temperature (lines) and precipitation (bars) from previous October to current September between 1900 and 2003; stars indicate significance at 95% level; (b) moving response function (interval length of 60 years); first interval goes from 1900 to 1959 and last one from 1944 to 2003. Months with ‘-1’ indicate months of the previous year (i.e. Dec-1). https://scispace.com/papers/a-bayesian-framework-for-distributed-estimation-of-arrival-4jq0a4adfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-measurement-scenario-3flygsxq.png Figure 1. Scheme of the measurement scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-rmse-for-the-homogeneous-triangles-markers-l7193bj5.png Figure 6. Sample RMSE for the homogeneous (triangles markers) and ML (circles markers) estimators of b as a function of the number of agents N . The sample values are compared with the Cramer-Rao Bound (dashed line) and the theoretical RMSE of the homogeneous estimator (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sample-rmse-for-the-ad-hoc-triangle-markers-and-2chztznu.png Figure 7. Sample RMSE for the ad-hoc (triangle markers) and Empirical Bayes (circle markers) estimators normalized with respect to the decentralized estimator of i (dot markers) as a function of the number of agents N . The theoretical RMSE of the ad-hoc estimator (solid line) and the theoretical limit (dashed line) are shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-evolution-of-rmse-bhomi-t-under-fixed-6eocpzvv.png Figure 3. Time evolution of RMSE[b̂homi (t)] under fixed communication graph. The solid lines indicate the theoretical expressions, while the dash-dot lines are the ones obtained via Monte Carlo simulations. The dashed horizontal line is the theoretical consensus value. https://scispace.com/papers/a-bayesian-network-for-combining-descriptors-application-to-2cdq7mxv29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-gaussian-mixtures-and-bernoulli-mixture-model-1508gjnk.png Fig. 3 The Gaussian-mixtures and Bernoulli mixture model https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cpu-times-in-seconds-for-svm-classifier-fknn-and-gm-2mbu5ipv.png Table 7 CPU times (in seconds), for SVM classifier, FKNN and GM-B Training part SVM classifier FKNN k = 1 FKNN k = m GM-B with variable selection GM-B without variable selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-statistical-measures-in-for-svm-classifier-fknn-and-2vh0x54z.png Table 6 Statistical measures (in %) for SVM classifier, FKNN and GM-B recognition rates, after variable selection with the LASSO, by combining continous and discrete features (G+Z+R+DF)—database including occluded symbols (training set =50% of the database) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-recognition-rates-in-of-gm-b-after-variable-jvol605y.png Table 4 Mean recognition rates (in %) of GM-B after variable selection with the LASSO—database including occluded symbols https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-noisy-and-occluded-symbols-for-different-36mwc78b.png Fig. 5 Examples of noisy and occluded symbols for different models https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-recognition-rates-in-by-combining-continous-and-sxebd03j.png Table 5 Mean recognition rates (in %), by combining continous and discrete features (G+Z+R+DF), for SVM classifier, FKNN and GM-B after variable selection with the LASSO—database including occluded symbols https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-numbers-of-variables-in-function-of-variable-22ixkybh.png Table 1 Mean numbers of variables in function of variable selection method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-grec-symbol-database-2o4flj26.png Fig. 4 GREC symbol database https://scispace.com/papers/a-bayesian-spatial-autoregressive-model-with-k-nn-1l09j95eg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mcmc-of-convergence-diagnostics-kyne59jp.png Fig. 5. MCMC of convergence diagnostics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-testing-of-normality-assumption-a-normality-testing-iczl683d.png Fig. 4. Testing of normality assumption. (a) Normality testing for response variable (y); (b) Normality testing for errors (ε). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-simulation-to-find-the-optimum-k-fkex3dgv.png Fig. 3. The simulation to find the optimum k. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-national-examination-score-of-1a0rcde9.png Table 1 Statistics of the national examination score of junior high school in West Java https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-estimate-based-on-the-ml-and-bayesian-13hi8fsp.png Table 3 Parameters estimate based on the ML and Bayesian approaches https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-the-eight-standards-accreditation-3co3d4e6.png Table 2 Statistics of the eight standards accreditation score of junior high school in West Java https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-continued-c7ifwses.png Fig. 5. MCMC of convergence diagnostics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-distribution-of-the-national-examination-score-of-2gi216e7.png Fig. 1. The distribution of the national examination score of junior high schools in West Java. https://scispace.com/papers/a-bayesian-stochastic-optimization-model-for-a-multi-4e8tgouc2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-general-multi-reservoir-system-for-hydropower-3dd67pw8.png Figure 1 A general multi-reservoir system for hydropower generation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-indicators-for-sop-2ncgdv2y.png Table III Performance indicators for SOP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-diagram-of-the-kalinadi-catchment-dnd8pb06.png Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the Kalinadi catchment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-the-operating-policy-model-rz0dvo51.png Figure 2 Block diagram of the operating policy model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-performance-indicators-of-the-bsdp-operating-policy-tshb1jgj.png Table IV Performance indicators of the BSDP operating policy with the power commitment (PTAR)= 270 MW for different forecasting models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-typical-policy-plot-for-the-month-of-june-for-3mdzdguy.png Figure 5 A typical policy plot for the month of June, for Bommanahalli reservoir. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-for-the-solution-of-bsdp-model-f4n0ekfb.png Figure 3 Flowchart for the solution of BSDP model. https://scispace.com/papers/a-better-detection-of-2lsb-steganography-via-standard-43n8zhasgz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detection-results-of-the-proposed-method-hdmhygn8.png Table 1: Detection results of the proposed method https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detection-results-of-the-ws2-d205lo22.png Table 2: Detection results of the WS2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-roc-graph-of-the-proposed-method-for-3000-2mk5p7lq.png Figure 8: The ROC graph of the proposed method for 3000 images https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-difference-between-the-detection-methods-and-the-wkdeb3jp.png Table 3: The difference between the detection methods and the perfect classifier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-possible-pixel-value-transitions-of-2lsb-3mk4qtk1.png Figure 1: Possible pixel value transitions of 2LSB steganography https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-pseudo-code-of-detection-algorithm-e1frv108.png Figure 3: The pseudo code of detection algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-roc-graph-of-the-ws2-for-3000-images-iqtrouc6.png Figure 9: The ROC graph of the WS2 for 3000 images https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grouping-of-pixel-values-within-each-epov-ysfkfsml.png Figure 2: Grouping of pixel values within each EPoV https://scispace.com/papers/a-belief-propagation-based-framework-for-soft-multiple-1e9lsuqblh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ber-performance-and-computational-complexity-199nog0z.png Fig. 12. BER performance and computational complexity comparisons of the BP-MSDD, VA-HMSDD, VA-SMSDD against the GLRT-MSDD in terms of relative percentage with different combinations of (M,L) = (3, 2), (4, 3) and (5, 3), respectively. The relative complexity and the relative BER performance are defined as CCA−CGLRT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ber-performance-comparisons-of-the-proposed-bp-msdd-5itujfau.png Fig. 8. BER performance comparisons of the proposed BP-MSDD and the conventional hard-decision GLRT-MSDD. M = 3, Q = 1, 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ber-performance-comparisons-of-the-proposed-va-hmsdd-8buyj2i2.png Fig. 9. BER performance comparisons of the proposed VA-HMSDD, the conventional hard-decision GLRT-MSDD, and the proposed BP-MSDD. The observation window size is M = 5, 7, while the value of L varies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-algorithm-1-calculating-33-based-on-the-proposed-bp-odiqq047.png Table I ALGORITHM 1: CALCULATING (33) BASED ON THE PROPOSED BP-MSDD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-performance-comparisons-of-the-coherent-detector-31a3rj6k.png Fig. 7. BER performance comparisons of the coherent detector, the proposed BP-MSDD, the conventional GLRT-MSDD and the MSDDs proposed in [19] and [21]. Q = 1, M = 2, 3 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-computational-complexity-comparisons-of-four-msdd-1jdzj2r8.png Table III COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY COMPARISONS OF FOUR MSDD ALGORITHMS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-complexity-comparisons-of-the-bp-msdd-the-soft-1ms07v72.png Fig. 11. Complexity comparisons of the BP-MSDD, the soft-decision MSDD in [19], the hard-decision GLRT-MSDD, the hard-decision SD-MSDD in [21], the VA-SMSDD and the VA-HMSDD against different observation window size M and different VA memory depth L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ber-performance-comparisons-of-the-coded-glrt-msdd-5y8mck2r.png Fig. 10. BER performance comparisons of the coded GLRT-MSDD with M = 3, 5, the IDD BP-MSDD with M = 3, 5 and the IDD VA-SMSDD with L = 4, M = 5 for Q = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/a-bi-level-market-clearing-for-coordinated-regional-local-9gtbiy4dew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proposed-algorithm-for-the-two-step-iteration-uipvwnzw.png Figure 4: Proposed algorithm for the two-step iteration problem https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-costs-presented-at-different-scenarios-for-case-a1-2ecov40l.png Table 2: Costs presented at different scenarios for Case A1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-costs-presented-at-different-scenarios-for-case-a2-27u063u9.png Table 3: Costs presented at different scenarios for Case A2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-operating-costs-of-the-whole-system-of-sknyb9xq.png Table 1: Comparison of operating costs of the whole system of local and regional levels with linepack and without linepack https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-costs-presented-at-different-scenarios-for-case-a3-lh0jdnmg.png Table 4: Costs presented at different scenarios for Case A3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-expected-operating-costs-between-case-2zhrv69w.png Table 5: Comparison of expected operating costs between Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 under stochastic approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-hourly-scheduling-of-production-units-co-it-ent-in-2202g92e.png Figure 14: Hourly scheduling of production units’ co it ent in Case 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hourly-local-level-loads-32-3k1mgkv1.png Figure 7: Hourly local level loads [32] https://scispace.com/papers/a-bio-inspired-plume-tracking-algorithm-for-mobile-sensing-3xsq5yq7qw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-decomposition-of-the-velocities-of-the-agents-in-a-n-9ocvaaib.png Fig. 4. Decomposition of the velocities of the agents in a N-agent group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-timing-of-spikes-modeled-by-the-stochastic-3fwfgu75.png Fig. 3. Simulated timing of spikes modeled by the stochastic Poisson processes. s1 = −1, s2 = 1, and σ = 0.08. The dotted blue line indicates the true value of the state s without noise. The added Gaussian noise severely corrupted the state s, and will cause significant uncertainties in the timing estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-trajectory-comparison-of-the-center-of-two-mobile-2mz51w3z.png Fig. 9. Trajectory comparison of the center of two mobile sensing agents under six different choices of the waiting time T . Each group of agents shows different trajectories. It can be observed that longer waiting time creates shorter trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-frequency-of-concentration-spikes-hz-as-a-function-of-2d3s29v2.png Fig. 5. Frequency of concentration spikes [Hz] as a function of distance from the source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-trajectory-of-the-center-of-two-mobile-sensing-3mlp3zi4.png Fig. 8. The trajectory of the center of two mobile sensing agents in a plume tracking simulation. The plume source is located at (0,0) and the agents are deployed at (150,−35) and (150,−25). The waiting time T = 100 s at each position and the agents move forward for τ = 1 s after the velocities are determined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-estimated-field-of-f-dp-when-the-waiting-time-t-3vv5uh0r.png Fig. 6. An estimated field of f (dp) when the waiting time T = {10,100} s. The plume source is located at (0,0). The rates λ ’s are estimated using Eq. (2) for each time step, and then averaged over the period of waiting time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-of-spikes-estimated-by-mobile-sensing-agents-ge2zsfod.png Fig. 7. Example of spikes estimated by mobile sensing agents from plume measurements with s1 =−1 and s2 = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-visualization-of-the-chemical-plume-in-a-38my8ljp.png Fig. 1. Flow visualization of the chemical plume in a controlled turbulent flow.The view is from above, with the flow moving from left to right. https://scispace.com/papers/a-bioprinted-cardiac-patch-composed-of-cardiac-specific-34j41u6ywb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-angiogenic-potential-of-cardiac-patches-a-b-1pbrhsu8.png Figure 6. Angiogenic potential of cardiac patches. A,B) Characteristic HUVEC tube formation after 6 h when grown with conditioned media collected at day 7 from cell-laden GelMA and GelMA-cECM patches. C,D) Total HUVEC tube length normalized to positive controls for cell-free and cell-laden patches. * = p-value < 0.05, given by ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test, n = 3–6 for all samples at all time points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-material-analysis-of-printed-patches-a-viscoelastic-3r418rwz.png Figure 7. Material analysis of printed patches. A) Viscoelastic storage moduli of GelMA and GelMA-cECM. B) Swelling ratio of GelMA and GelMAcECM patches. C) Degradation of patches, measured as the sample weight compared to initial weight of the patches postswelling. D) Degradation of cell-free materials in cell culture media, measured as the sample storage modulus compared to the initial modulus of the material postswelling. E) Remodeling of hCPC-laden materials grown in cFB conditioned media, measured as the sample storage modulus compared to the initial modulus of the material postswelling. * = p-value < 0.05, ** = p-value < 0.01, *** = p-value < 0.005, given by ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test, n = 3 for all samples in all subfigures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-printing-hcpc-containing-bioinks-a-bright-field-14kfvr4x.png Figure 3. Printing hCPC-containing bioinks. A) Bright-field image of printed test grids of GelMA bioinks containing hCPCs, taken 1 h after printing. B) Brightfield image of printed test grids of GelMA-cECM bioinks containing hCPCs. C) Fluorescence image of printed test grids of GelMA-cECM with hCPCs stained with DiD. D) Normalized fluorescence intensity of line scans performed on stained hCPC test grids. Line scans were performed across several filaments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-printability-analysis-of-gelma-cecm-bioinks-a-2aknbjrw.png Figure 2. Printability analysis of GelMA-cECM bioinks. A) Bright-field image of printed test grids of GelMA. B) Fluorescence image of printed test grids of GelMA-cECM with staining for cECM by AF568. C) 3D fluorescence close-up view of printed filament of GelMA-cECM, with staining for cECM by AF568. D) Printability comparison between GelMA and GelMA-cECM bioinks. * = p-value < 0.03, given by paired t-test, n = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-in-vivo-patch-retention-hcpc-laden-gelma-cecm-1zlinzj7.png Figure 8. In vivo patch retention. hCPC-laden GelMA-cECM patches (yellow) are retained after 7 d: A) suture method and 14 d; B) pericardial tucking method and C) suture method following implantation. D) Immunohistological analysis of vasculature formation (green) and cells (blue) after 14 d in vivo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-printed-patches-a-printed-patches-of-10-mm-diameter-1kuxudm5.png Figure 4. Printed patches. A) Printed patches of 10 mm diameter and 0.6 mm height. Patches are printed uniformly from patch to patch, and the grid infill pattern can be seen. Patches are pink postprinting due to inclusion of photoinitiator Eosin Y, and become clear postpolymerization. B) CAD model sketch used for patch printing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hcpc-functionality-within-printed-patches-a-1k9ixr20.png Figure 5. hCPC functionality within printed patches. A) Characteristic live/dead fluorescence image of hCPCs in GelMA patches, with live cells marked green (Calcien AM) and dead cells marked red (EtD) at 1 d after formation. B) Characteristic live/dead fluorescence image of hCPCs in GelMA-cECM patches at 1 d after formation. C) Viability of hCPCs in printed patches at 1, 3, and 6 d. D) Proliferation of hCPCs in printed patches at 3 and 7 d, where absorbance intensity is normalized to the measured absorbance of hCPCs in GelMA patches in all experiments. E) Fold change gene expression over hCPCs in GelMA patches for Cx43, GATA4, MEF2C, MYH7, VE-Cad, CD31, FLT-1, and ACTA-2 at day 3. F) Fold change gene expression over hCPCs in GelMA patches for Cx43, GATA4, MEF2C, MYH7, VE-Cad, CD31, FLT-1, and ACTA-2 at day 7. * = p-value < 0.05, ** = p-value < 0.005, given by ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test, n = 3–6 for all samples at all time points. https://scispace.com/papers/a-biofilm-enhanced-miniature-microbial-fuel-cell-using-446acgvrcc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-esem-images-of-gf-either-unexposed-or-exposed-to-dsp10-2hnzbpwh.png Fig. 2. ESEM images of GF either unexposed or exposed to DSP10 within the anode of the mini-MFC. (a and c) Unexposed GF; (b and d) DSP10 biofilm on GF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lifetime-and-power-characteristics-of-a-mini-mfc-with-dljp0q4d.png Fig. 3. Lifetime and power characteristics of a mini-MFC with a developing biofilm. (A) Purged full culture with 50 mL LB followed by 25 mL minimal media (MM) under a nitrogen atmosphere with 30 mM sodium lactate; (B) purged the turbid culture with 50 mL LB followed by 25 mL minimal media (MM) under a nitrogen atmosphere with 15 mM sodium lactate; (C) purged full culture with 50 mL LB followed by 25 mL minimal media (MM) under a nitrogen atmosphere with 30 mM sodium lactate. The catholyte was 50 mM K3Fe(CN)6 in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-power-and-voltage-inset-vs-current-for-a-mini-mfc-with-36r77vzn.png Fig. 4. Power and voltage (inset) vs. current for a mini-MFC with biofilm formation and a ferricyanide catholyte. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-and-voltage-inset-vs-current-for-a-mini-mfc-with-1gobalq4.png Fig. 5. Power and voltage (inset) vs. current for a mini-MFC with biofilm formation and a Pt/C GF oxygen cathode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-the-power-and-voltage-inset-pxq0fk4q.png Fig. 1. Comparison between the power and voltage (inset) generated by a mini-MFC with 108 cells/mL culture DSP10 anodes and selected cathodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-representation-of-the-mechanisms-for-11xdn2bj.png Fig. 6. Schematic representation of the mechanisms for electron transfer from Shewanella as either a (a) biofilm attached to the anode or (b) biofilm with planktonic bacteria present. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-power-densities-for-mini-mfcs-with-various-cathodes-1n1odnkj.png Table 1 Power densities for mini-MFCs with various cathodes https://scispace.com/papers/a-boundary-element-method-for-viscous-gravity-currents-18ao8k02r2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-height-pro-r-les-for-blob-spreading-driven-by-19r66l7i.png Figure 5. Height pro®les for blob spreading driven by gravity of different intial shapes of equal area: (a) circle truncated at its base, (b) ellipse (axis ratio 1 5) with its major axis in vertical direction and truncated at its base; (c) square with rounded corners. The pro®les are shown in the order t 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-convergence-test-calculated-o-s-curves-for-3vov2dh0.png Figure 11. Convergence test: calculated o(s) curves for different values of Ds0 and Dsq near contact line https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contour-evolution-of-a-hanging-blob-initially-it-16s0nsva.png Figure 4. Contour evolution of a hanging blob. Initially it has the shape of a truncated cylinder of unity radius and height 0 5 and g ÿ1. The contours for t 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 are plotted with crosses (Ds0 0 005, Dsq 0 05), while the reversed ¯ow (g 1) is represented with squares for t 15, 18, 21, 24 (Ds0 0 01, Dsq 0 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-velocities-along-free-surface-in-units-of-nose-1kafk06g.png Figure 10. Velocities along free surface in units of nose velocity vf https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-angle-f-and-dimensionless-curvature-kh-versus-s7-15g447gq.png Figure 9. Angle f and dimensionless curvature kh* versus (s7 xcl)=h* along free surface, showing continuity of f and divergence k at contact line https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-ratio-h-h0-versus-the-atness-ratio-h0-xf-for-cases-2dr35qnr.png Figure 14. Ratio h*=h0 versus the ¯atness ratio h0=xf for cases of Figure 5 and comparison with experimental data 13 (symbols) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ratio-b-h-p-mvf-rg-versus-atness-ratio-h0-xf-for-oqv6js7d.png Figure 8. Ratio b h =p mvf=rg versus ¯atness ratio h0=xf for cases of Figure 5 and comparison with experimental data13 (symbols) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grid-employed-to-calculate-ow-within-a-corner-the-39occu2e.png Figure 2. Grid employed to calculate ¯ow within a corner. The no-slip surface extends from s 0 to 1 and the free surface from s 1 to 2. The values of c and @c=@n from (29) are imposed on the circular arc from s 2 to the end https://scispace.com/papers/a-black-box-router-profiler-3luvkdzn85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-packet-delays-between-the-netnodes-for-100-tcp-flows-15kq9nco.png Fig. 5. Packet delays between the NetNodes for 100 TCP flows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-single-tcp-flow-from-the-simulator-into-aq63xnf7.png Fig. 1. Example of a single TCP flow from the simulator into the network and vice versa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-i-o-operations-and-threads-in-the-2l4usuia.png Fig. 2. Relationship between I/O operations and threads in the simulator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-test-topology-with-two-different-subnets-3nofdz5k.png Fig. 4. Test topology with two different subnets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-stamping-of-packets-during-a-transmit-time-29bd3qdm.png Fig. 3. Time-stamping of packets during a transmit. Time-stamping during a receive is similar, except the flow is reversed with checksum correction being the last step. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-packet-delays-for-1100-and-1400-byte-udp-2q06ii95.png TABLE II PACKET DELAYS FOR 1100 AND 1400 BYTE UDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-packet-delays-for-92-byte-udp-1w9ab29l.png TABLE I PACKET DELAYS FOR 92 BYTE UDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-average-tcp-loss-ratios-2nqi3wt4.png TABLE III AVERAGE TCP LOSS RATIOS https://scispace.com/papers/a-branch-and-bound-procedure-for-the-robust-cyclic-job-shop-37dd1ci1ih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-solution-times-in-seconds-for-the-branch-and-2m2f24b9.png Table 1. Average solution times in seconds for the Branch-and-Bound algorithm and percentage value of the deviation of the cycle time from the nominal cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-solved-instances-in-less-than-900-seconds-1r0rmoms.png Table 2. Number of solved instances in less than 900 seconds among 20 instances. https://scispace.com/papers/a-branch-and-price-algorithm-to-solve-the-integrated-berth-fgl5lpkdi5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-berthing-layout-and-fixed-facility-locations-for-m-3v96a2r4.png Table 5: Berthing layout and fixed facility locations for |M|=10 (C and P stand for conveyor and pipeline respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-port-used-in-360fyimr.png Figure 2: Schematic representation of the port used in instances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-bulk-port-terminal-1xs5c9wi.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of a bulk port terminal https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-obtained-from-the-branch-and-bound-for-the-2rbzs1z5.png Table 7: Results obtained from the branch and bound for the instances containing |N| = 10 vessels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-obtained-from-the-column-generation-for-the-3mw49dsn.png Table 8: Results obtained from the column generation for the instances containing |N| = 25 vessels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-obtained-from-the-column-generation-for-the-x84vddri.png Table 9: Results obtained from the column generation for the instances containing |N| = 40 vessels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-obtained-from-the-column-generation-for-the-37lkcv7i.png Table 6: Results obtained from the column generation for the instances containing |N| = 10 vessels. https://scispace.com/papers/a-brief-guide-to-polymer-nomenclature-iupac-technical-report-1lzm6va5nf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-representations-of-divalent-groups-in-polymers-8-tavyrt88.png Table 3 Representations of divalent groups in polymers.8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-order-of-subunit-seniority-the-senior-subunit-is-3u9oqfqj.png Fig. 1 The order of subunit seniority. The senior subunit is at the top centre. Subunits of lower seniority are found by following the arrows. The type of subunit, be it a heterocycle, a heteroatom chain, a carbocycle, or a carbon chain, determines the colour of the arrow to follow. a Other heteroatoms may be placed in these orders as indicated by their positions in the periodic table.8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-qualifiers-for-non-linear-co-polymers-and-polymer-tmw2cjhb.png Table 2 Qualifiers for non-linear (co)polymers and polymer assemblies.5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-qualifiers-for-copolymers-7-f9q45iu1.png Table 1 Qualifiers for copolymers.7 https://scispace.com/papers/a-brief-history-of-the-object-oriented-approach-2t4zkd8o75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-background-of-the-object-oriented-paradigm-6krkfr0a.png Figure 1: The Background of the Object-Oriented Paradigm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparing-languages-3d7q6o3c.png Table 1: Comparing Languages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-language-evolution-3ahq35qm.png Figure 2: Language Evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-some-combinations-of-approaches-3b97hpby.png Figure 3: Some Combinations of Approaches https://scispace.com/papers/a-broadband-quadrature-hybrid-using-improved-wideband-15s2pfrydm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-proposed-90-hybrid-shown-in-figure-4-xafvx9iu.png Table 1. Parameters of proposed 90◦ hybrid shown in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proposed-broadband-90-hybrid-32tu9ohm.png Figure 4. Proposed broadband 90◦ hybrid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standard-90-schiffman-phaseshifter-structure-2g5fe55t.png Figure 1. Standard 90◦ Schiffman phaseshifter structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-deviation-versus-impedance-ratio-r-for-the-2pip3huq.png Figure 2. Phase deviation versus impedance ratio ρ for the standard 90◦ Schiffman phase shifter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-circuit-model-of-proposed-improved-schiffman-phase-2hggap0e.png Figure 3. Circuit model of proposed improved Schiffman phase shifter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-photograph-of-the-fabricated-90-hybrid-93vl59u9.png Figure 5. Photograph of the fabricated 90◦ hybrid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulated-and-measured-results-of-the-proposed-90-4pn16myg.png Figure 6. Simulated and measured results of the proposed 90◦ hybrid. (a) Return loss magnitude response for port 1. (b) Through (S21 and S31) magnitude responses. (c) Isolation magnitude response (S23). (d) Phase difference response results. https://scispace.com/papers/a-broad-sense-measure-of-health-and-its-properties-in-the-4vtxx73v9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bsh-as-a-function-of-age-a-for-those-who-die-b-for-19sqtrce.png Figure 3. BSH as a function of age (A-for those who die; B-for those with no recorded death) and time before death (C) with binned points each representing approximately 25 people. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predictions-of-time-until-death-using-bsh-and-srh-a-q59i0jqc.png Figure 4. Predictions of time until death using BSH and SRH. (A) Densities of time until death for males and females (N=8318), (B-D) comparison of estimates for all respondents and then split by sex in models of time until death. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mortality-model-r2-values-3i6x1k1h.png Table 2. Mortality model r2 values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-item-characteristic-curves-for-different-item-1zj2pc2s.png Figure 1. Item characteristic curves for different item batteries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-density-of-bsh-by-sex-b-a-comparison-to-srh-and-c-3461x6e8.png Figure 2. (A) Density of BSH by sex, (B) a comparison to SRH, and (C) proportions of SRH by sex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-item-statistics-for-21384-respondents-with-health-2zox3q5j.png Table 1. Item statistics for 21384 respondents with health indicators from 1998. https://scispace.com/papers/a-case-of-homicidal-intraoral-gunshot-and-review-of-the-22exd4apwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ct-2d-axial-reconstruction-displaying-the-approximate-3l3ukvu8.png Fig. 4 CT, 2D axial reconstruction displaying the approximate bullet course (red arrow) and the shot through atlas (green arrow) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-autopsy-photograph-showing-the-mucosal-hemorrhages-on-2rcid3m1.png Fig. 5 Autopsy photograph showing the mucosal hemorrhages on the lower lip indicative of an externally induced pressure (i.e., from a muzzle) to the lips https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ct-3d-reconstruction-of-the-skull-showing-the-302quesx.png Fig. 1 CT, 3D reconstruction of the skull showing the destruction of the incisors (yellow arrow). Dental fillings created the streak artefacts. The ring-like structures are radiologic markers applied to the skin for a fusion of CT with surface scanning data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ct-2d-sagittal-reconstruction-displaying-bone-and-2oo4wm0m.png Fig. 3 CT, 2D sagittal reconstruction displaying bone and bullet fragments (encircled) along the bullet path (demarcated by dashed lines) to the nape, where the rest of the bullet is lodged (arrow) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ct-3d-reconstruction-of-the-cervical-spine-after-1yhow0ut.png Fig. 2 CT, 3D reconstruction of the cervical spine after virtual removal of the frontal skull portion. The atlas is shot through on the left side (arrow) https://scispace.com/papers/a-case-study-of-first-person-aiming-at-low-latency-for-g0enuj2lj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-median-aiming-task-completion-time-and-standard-7t028s2w.png Figure 5: Median aiming task completion time and standard error metric for 3200 trials at 12 ms and 20 ms of system latency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-histogram-showing-the-completion-time-39jwa4rt.png Figure 6: A histogram showing the completion time distribution for the 12 and 20 ms latency conditions. Means are indicated by the dashed vertical lines andmedians by the alternating dotted/dashed lines. Note that the plateau between 1.5-2.2s is likely caused by the 0.5s weapon cooldown and may loosely represent the second shot clustering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annotated-in-app-user-view-just-after-the-1owfaggi.png Figure 4: Annotated in-app user view just after the destruction of a target showing the dummy target (in white). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-click-to-photon-distribution-from-a-selection-of-2kdxbque.png Figure 3: Click to photon distribution from a selection of clicks in our study across both 12 ms and 20 ms conditions. As expected, the two peaks are mostly separated, though there is some overlap in the middle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-effect-of-local-system-latency-on-completion-3e25zh4b.png Figure 2: The effect of local system latency on completion time for simple pointing tasks from previous publications. Trial data was selected for index of difficulty between 2 and 2.5 bits except for the Jota data, which has an index of difficulty of 1.58 bits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-per-user-median-aiming-task-completion-time-and-2pgteh1s.png Figure 7: Per-user median aiming task completion time and standard error metric for 400 trials each at 12 ms and 20 ms of system latency. Users whose results did not reach statistical significance are plotted in the lighter shade. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-outlining-the-difference-between-local-39t52w4m.png Figure 1: Diagram outlining the difference between local latency, the focus of this work, and network latency, the more commonly referred to term historically. Note that many ingame events are handled at the local latency, without game server intervention. https://scispace.com/papers/a-causal-role-for-primary-motor-cortex-in-perception-of-3pwljqjoxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnitude-of-mep-suppression-predicts-change-in-zkgg489w.png Figure 4. Magnitude of MEP suppression predicts change in sensitivity to movement speed following cTBS. A linear regression analysis demonstrates a significant predictive relationship between the mean change in MEP amplitude and change in sensitivity (gradient) following cTBS (parametric: r2 = .21, p = .023; nonparametric: rs = −.048, p = .019). Facilitation group: green; inhibition group: red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ctbs-reduces-sensitivity-to-observed-kinematic-2asgvdl3.png Figure 3. cTBS reduces sensitivity to observed kinematic information in inhibition group. Mean confidence ratings for observed ETs were divided into 10 bins before cTBS (solid line) and after cTBS (dashed line). Movement speed significantly predicted inferred confidence ratings for all graphs, r2 = .98, F(1, 237) = 472.37, p < .001. (A) Mean (SEM ) confidence ratings for observed ETs for the inhibition group only before and after cTBS. Significant change in gradient (measure of sensitivity) before and after cTBS, t(14) = −2.25, p = .041 (mean ± SD change in gradient = −0.0095 ± 0.016). (B) Mean (SEM ) confidence ratings for observed ETs for the facilitation group only before and after cTBS. No significant change in gradient (measure of sensitivity) before and after cTBS, t(8) = 0.92, p = .39 (mean ± SD change in gradient = −0.0041 ± 0.013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-cse-following-ctbs-meps-recorded-from-3e453dor.png Figure 2. Changes in CSE following cTBS. MEPs recorded from the right FDI muscle before and after stimulation. Mean baseline (blue) MEP waveform averaged over 20 MEPs for each participant. Post-cTBS (red = inhibition; green = facilitation) MEP waveforms averaged across three time points following cTBS (n = 60 MEPs). (A) Representative mean (SEM = shaded area) MEP waveform before stimulation (blue) and after stimulation (red) from a participant in the inhibition group. (B) Representative mean (SEM = shaded area) MEP waveform before stimulation (blue) and after stimulation (green) from a participant in the facilitation group. (C) Mean (SEM ) percentage change in MEP amplitude for the inhibition group (red) and the facilitation group (green). S = stimulus artifact. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-procedure-a-timeline-of-experimental-1p4dytrf.png Figure 1. Experimental procedure. (A) Timeline of experimental protocol. The action observation task (gray squares) was completed twice, before and after cTBS. Blocks of 20 MEPs were recorded using single-pulse TMS at baseline and at three time points starting 10 min post-cTBS (red circles). (B) Still frames of the action observation task. Participants (n = 24) watched videos in which an individual performed a two alternative forced-choice discrimination task. The left and right sides were assigned to the two choices. The participants in the video had to move the marble to either side to indicate their decision. White arrows indicate hand movement. Movement speed was calculated from the time the hand was released from its starting point (Frame 2) to the time the marble was placed on the left or right of the screen (Frame 4). Observers were instructed to rate the confidence of the participant making the decision in the video after each trial on a scale of 1–100 from “not confident” to “very confident” (Frame 5). https://scispace.com/papers/a-causal-test-of-the-mechanisms-by-which-affect-state-biases-3qh6qbamlx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-of-experimental-task-trial-designs-id-ps-2n3vzsim.png Figure 2: Summary of experimental task trial designs. (Id-PS): Identification task passive stimulus trials, which were identical to Modulation task passive stimulus (Mod-PS) trials. (Id-CR): Identification task cued-recall trials. (Mod-FS): Modulation task feedback-triggered stimulus trials. (Bottom): depiction of a hypothetical Mod-FS trial for the experimental design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-group-level-encodings-of-affective-state-processing-13rn4jyp.png Figure 4: Group-level encodings of affective state processing. Color gradations indicate the group-level t-scores of the encoding parameters (red indicating positive valence or high arousal, blue indicating negative valence or low arousal). T-scores are presented only for those voxels in which encoding parameters survived global permutation testing (p<0.05). Image slices are presented in Talairach coordinate space and neurological convention. Maximum voxel intensity is |t|=6.0, i.e., color saturates for t-scores with absolute values falling above this value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normative-valence-and-arousal-scores-for-stimuli-3632de8r.png Figure 3: Normative valence and arousal scores for stimuli selected for each of the four experimental trial types. Summary statistics for Identification task stimuli are as follows: Id-PS valence [mean (std. dev)] 5.04 (1.95); Id-PS arousal [mean (std. dev)] 4.95 (1.40); Id-CR valence [mean (std. dev)] 5.30 (1.95); Id-CR arousal [mean (std. dev)] 4.99 (1.51). There were no significant differences in affect properties between the Id-PS and Id-CR cue stimuli for either valence (p=.49; signed rank, h0: μ1= μ2) or arousal (p=.86; ranksum, h0: μ1= μ2). Summary statistics for the Modulation task stimuli are as follows. Mod-PS (pos. valence cluster) valence [mean (std. dev)] 7.41 (.30); Mod-PS (neg. valence cluster) valence [mean (std. dev)] 2.08 (.36); Mod-FS (pos. valence cluster) valence [mean (std. dev)] 7.35 (0.32); Mod-FS (neg. valence cluster) valence [mean (std. dev)] 2.03 (0.41). Between the Mod-PS and Mod-FS stimuli in the positive valence cluster, there were no significant differences in valence (p=.60; ranksum; h0: μ1= μ2) nor arousal (p=.25; ranksum; h0: μ1= μ2). There were also no significant group differences in affect properties between the Mod-PS and Mod-FS stimuli in the negative valence cluster, either for valence (p=.74; ranksum; h0: μ1= μ2) or arousal (p=.54 ranksum; h0: μ1= μ2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multivariate-neural-decoding-performance-valence-30r8104j.png Table 1: Multivariate Neural Decoding Performance Valence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimation-and-validation-of-explicit-intrinsic-doghxsr6.png Figure 6: Estimation and validation of explicit intrinsic affect regulation effects within the cuedrecall task. The figure depicts the effect size of cue affect processing in explaining affect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-day-2-experimental-tasks-order-number-of-e5kdjn0z.png Figure 1: Study Day 2 Experimental tasks: order, number of repetitions, duration, and stimuli. Tasks are colored by role. Gray depicts task training and application of psychophysiology recording apparatus. Blue depicts brain structural image acquisition. Orange depicts functional image acquisition. Identification and Modulation blocks of the fMRI acquisition summarize the relevant trial types used within that task (see Neuroimaging section for abbreviations). *Training of real-time multivariate pattern analysis predictive models was performed concurrently with the Resting State task of the fMRI acquisition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-average-feedback-scores-at-the-7rdf6lpj.png Figure 5: Distribution of average feedback scores at the moment of FT-PO trial stimulus trigger. https://scispace.com/papers/a-characterization-of-the-antimalarial-activity-of-the-bark-4jjo36ziik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustrating-the-bioassay-guided-1x0eqnnz.png Figure 1. Schematic illustrating the bioassay guided fractionation of C. gabunensis bark, indicating key fractionation methods and the phytochemical identified. The solvents used in the initial separation steps https://scispace.com/papers/a-check-list-of-echinoids-found-in-the-kii-region-t84s96e7rh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aboral-side-of-test-of-two-large-diadematids-astropyga-p4v2pfj7.png Fig. 1. Aboral side of test of two large diadematids, Astropyga radiata (A) and Chaetodiadema japoniczem (B), showing the arrangement of pore-pairs and blue spots. https://scispace.com/papers/a-class-of-irredundant-encoding-techniques-for-reducing-bus-1jw85kb2et 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-total-power-savings-for-several-qyefsmh5.png Figure 6- Comparison of total power savings for several encoding techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-branch-instructions-based-on-the-12yrs3dd.png Figure 1- Percentage of branch instructions based on the required bits to represent their displacement for SPEC95 benchmarks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-encoder-hardware-synthesis-and-power-estimation-2c6iv5zg.png Table 3- Encoder hardware synthesis and power estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-an-efficient-organization-for-a-three-bit-b9hmam12.png Table 1- Example of an efficient organization for a three-bit codebook https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contribution-of-different-type-of-instructions-to-778yndt7.png Figure 2- Contribution of different type of instructions to total number of bus transitions. https://scispace.com/papers/a-classification-based-approach-to-the-optimal-control-of-11lj37wsb3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-on-line-time-complexity-for-the-p-mpc-and-p-gem-14glgsjg.png Fig. 4. On–line time complexity for the π̄∗MPC and π̄ ∗ GEM policies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-loss-of-policy-p-gem-with-respect-to-p-mpc-2k9pg9mt.png Fig. 3. Performance loss of policy π̄∗GEM with respect to π̄ ∗ MPC , as a function of the accuracy of the GEM machine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-continuous-state-trajectories-red-and-blue-lines-2krik1bw.png Fig. 2. Continuous state trajectories (red and blue lines represent the 1st and 2nd room, respectively) and switching sequences starting from x(0) = [17 17]T and q(0) = 3, under policies π̄∗MPC (top) and π̄ ∗ GEM (bottom), in the presence of large switching costs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-continuous-state-trajectories-red-and-blue-lines-1a112i8l.png Fig. 1. Continuous state trajectories (red and blue lines represent the 1st and 2nd room, respectively) and switching sequences starting from x(0) = [17 17]T and q(0) = 3, under policies π̄∗MPC (top) and π̄ ∗ GEM (bottom), in the absence of switching costs. https://scispace.com/papers/a-clinical-trial-comparing-primary-coronary-angioplasty-with-2ctiv4zeyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-point-estimates-and-95-percent-confidence-intervals-2tqmi91v.png Figure 2. Point Estimates and 95 Percent Confidence Intervals for the Odds Ratios for Death within 30 Days in Several Prospectively Defined Subgroups of Patients, According to Treatment Assignment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-occurrence-of-secondary-end-points-at-30-days-2ik8321z.png TABLE 5. OCCURRENCE OF SECONDARY END POINTS AT 30 DAYS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-curves-for-survival-panel-a-and-3ghxd9kp.png Figure 1. Kaplan–Meier Curves for Survival (Panel A) and Freedom from the Composite End Point of Death, Reinfarction, and Disabling Stroke (Panel B) in the Study Patients within the 30 Days after Randomization, According to Treatment Group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-occurrence-of-the-primary-end-point-at-30-days-xzkns5t4.png TABLE 4. OCCURRENCE OF THE PRIMARY END POINT AT 30 DAYS. https://scispace.com/papers/a-clustering-model-for-uncertain-preferences-based-on-belief-3e4336apaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ari-and-silhouette-coefficient-switch-2-1ibfj12y.png Fig. 3. ARI and silhouette coefficient, switch = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ari-and-silhouette-coefficient-switch-1-3fd1ee0y.png Fig. 2. ARI and silhouette coefficient, switch = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-preference-based-clustering-9sejg942.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of preference based clustering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ari-and-silhouette-coefficient-on-uncertain-2sph5kfl.png Fig. 8. ARI and silhouette coefficient on uncertain preferences, switch = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ari-and-silhouette-coefficient-on-uncertain-cpyvzkzx.png Fig. 6. ARI and silhouette coefficient on uncertain preferences, switch = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ari-and-silhouette-coefficient-on-uncertain-qcmtunzf.png Fig. 7. ARI and silhouette coefficient on uncertain preferences, switch = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ari-and-silhouette-coefficient-switch-3-1xik0r8r.png Fig. 4. ARI and silhouette coefficient, switch = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-silhouette-plots-of-different-metrics-on-sushi-gdz4hwwh.png Fig. 5. Silhouette plots of different metrics on SUSHI https://scispace.com/papers/a-combinatorial-model-to-optimize-air-traffic-flow-58530rssmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-4d-network-example-181hezia.png Figure 8: 4D-network example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-effect-of-the-pool-size-for-instances-of-size-30-36nxxlvr.png Figure 19: Effect of the pool size for instances of size 30%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-capacity-requirements-per-time-period-for-the-most-1xjyjl8z.png Figure 18: Capacity requirements per time period for the most demanded sectors on January 16, 2019. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-deviation-from-lagrangian-lower-bounds-2dubzr14.png Figure 22: Deviation from Lagrangian lower bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-atfmrp-by-arcs-for-f-1-in-the-example-ufzjtdiq.png Figure 4: ATFMRP by arcs for f = 1 in the example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-results-of-the-algorithm-for-instances-of-size-65-prtf4fjs.png Figure 20: Results of the algorithm for instances of size 65% that exact methods could also solve. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-flight-modifications-in-the-solution-of-the-2pnk6y52.png Table 9: Flight modifications in the solution of the algorithm for instances of size 30%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gurobi-results-for-instances-of-size-30-obg60uw6.png Table 3: Gurobi results for instances of size 30%. https://scispace.com/papers/a-combined-characterization-of-clusters-in-naturally-aged-al-5bjb97kd8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-scattering-profile-red-circles-for-naturally-l8wozmw1.png Figure 1 The scattering profile (red circles) for naturally aged Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloy and a corresponding model fit (thick black line) incorporating the scattering intensity contributions due to clusters, large objects and a background constant (thin black lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-concentration-fluctuations-measured-by-fitting-3bh98cq7.png Table 3 Concentration fluctuations measured by fitting combined data from SAXS and SANS experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-amplitudes-of-the-radial-distribution-functions-for-z666au8x.png Figure 3 Amplitudes of the radial distribution functions for solute pairs in (a) Al– Cu–Mg and (b) Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloys in the naturally aged condition. Deviations from zero are indicative of solute correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-atom-probe-volumes-of-naturally-aged-al-cu-mg-9tenexxv.png Figure 2 (Left) Atom probe volumes of naturally aged Al–Cu–Mg and Al–Cu–Li– Mg alloys, and (right) their corresponding two-dimensional sections https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sas-elemental-sensitivity-in-aluminium-alloys-as-2g6z1ja9.png Table 1 SAS elemental sensitivity in aluminium alloys as defined by (fi fAl)/fAl, with fi and fAl the scattering factors of element i and Al, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-alloy-compositions-1hggn6n5.png Table 2 Alloy compositions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-raw-two-dimensional-scattering-data-as-captured-27s1ftyt.png Figure 4 Raw two-dimensional scattering data as captured during SAXS experiments for naturally aged (a) Al–Cu–Li, (b) Al–Cu–Mg and (c) Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-radially-averaged-profiles-of-the-scattering-2gqhyimn.png Figure 5 Radially averaged profiles of the scattering intensity collected during SAXS (filled circles) and SANS (crosses) experiments for (a) Al–Cu–Li, (b) Al– Cu–Mg and (c) Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloys. Data for the as-quenched (blue) and naturally aged (red) conditions are shown. Black lines indicate model fits in each case. https://scispace.com/papers/a-combined-surface-enhanced-raman-spectroscopy-sers-uv-vis-4gnbghmigz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sem-image-of-silver-nanoinks-deposited-on-sio2-1y4is2ms.png Fig. 1. (a) SEM image of silver nanoinks deposited on SiO2 substrate. Inset: UV–vis absorbance spectrum of diluted Ag nanoink; (b) Optical microscopy image of a paper sample colored with blue felt-tip pen with deposited Ag nanoink (metallic area on the right hand side of the image). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-all-the-obtained-results-by-sers-and-uv-1kzd9o3f.png Table 2 Summary of all the obtained results by SERS and UV analyses. Underlined results correspond to assignments made by UV-vis analysis in water solution. Abbreviations: Unid. is unidentified, Giotto T is Giotto Turbocolor, Carioca D is Carioca Doodles, BR9 is Basic Red 9, Rhod is Rhodamine, P4R is Poinceau 4R, CV is Crystal Violet. All Tombow pens are ABT model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uv-vis-spectra-of-felt-tip-pen-colored-paper-squares-1p9p7v3c.png Fig. 4. UV–vis spectra of felt tip pen colored paper squares in aqueous solution plotted against spectra of reference dyes; a) red Stabilo 68 50, Poinceau 4R and Rhodamine B; b) orange Tombow ABT 925 and Eosin Y; c) blue Giotto Turbocolor, Erioglaucine, Rhodamine B and Crystal Violet. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-all-analyzed-felt-tip-pens-with-details-of-1ogituoc.png Table 1 List of all analyzed felt-tip pens, with details of colors, brands and pen models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-baseline-corrected-sers-spectra-of-representative-felt-hfc3f1i9.png Fig. 3. Baseline corrected SERS spectra of representative felt tip pen colors and brands plotted against NR spectra of identified reference dyes; a) Red Tombow ABT 885 and Eosin Y; b) pink Caran D’Ache and Rhodamine B; c) orange Giotto Turbocolor and Rhodamine 6G; d) yellow Giotto Turbocolor, Tartrazine and Rhodamine 6G; e) green Stabilo and Erioglaucine; f) blue Carioca Doodles, Erioglaucine and Rhodamine B. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-normal-raman-nr-and-sers-spectra-3qgvxwlo.png Fig. 2. Representative Normal Raman (NR) and SERS spectra collected for each color and each brand of analyzed felt tip pens; a) Red Tombow ABT 885; b) pink Caran D’Ache; c) orange Giotto Turbocolor; d) yellow Giotto Turbocolor; e) green Stabilo; f) blue Carioca Doodles. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparative-study-of-graphite-electrodes-using-the-co-4n2tgztc29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structural-changes-in-graphite-upon-co-intercalation-2il13xhd.png Fig. 2 Structural changes in graphite upon co-intercalation of alkali ion–ether solvent. The charge/discharge profiles and ex situ XRD patterns of graphite in (a) Li-, (b) Na-, and (c) K-ion cells. (d) Schematic of the alkali ion–solvent co-intercalation process in graphite via staging. https://scispace.com/papers/a-common-neural-currency-account-for-social-and-non-social-5coq79ykny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-linking-eeg-signatures-of-evidence-accumulation-to-i2uhq3vb.png Figure 5. Linking EEG signatures of evidence accumulation to behavior. a, b. Participant-specific EA slopes (y(t)) build-up rate) for each of the five levels of P(payo f f |play) scale positively with DDM estimates of drift rate for both the social (a) and non-social (b) contexts. The EEG-derived EA signal y(t) from which the EA slopes were derived was normalized per trial to factor out any effects unrelated to the EA processing, such as attentional drifts. Black circles indicate population averages. c, d. Trial-by-trial estimates of EA slopes correlate positively with the probability of playing (Eq.3) for both the social (c) and non-social (d contexts. To visualize this association the data points were computed by grouping trials into five bins based on the EA slope estimates. Importantly, the black curves are derived from fits of Eq. 3 to individual trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-stimuli-from-a-representative-participant-20zzefbr.png Figure 1. Sample stimuli from a representative participant. Top: Social stimuli at five different (participant–specific) indirect trustworthiness levels, matching the pure reward probability levels used for the non-social stimuli. For each participant there were, on average, 28 unique face identities in each of the five reward probability levels. Bottom: Non-social stimuli with five explicit reward probability levels (given a ’Play’ choice) superimposed on a face neutral for trustworthiness (i.e. 0.5 reward probability). Photo-realistic face images were obtained using the procedure described in (Gill, Garrod, Jack, and Schyns, 2014) and summarised in Materials and Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-a-variant-of-the-traditional-trust-game-in-which-p9yfopsd.png Figure 2. a. A variant of the traditional Trust Game in which a participant (Investor) is allocated 1 point and they need to decide whether to ’Keep’ the point or ’Play’ for the chance of winning 2 points. During ’Play’ choices the 1 point is quadrupled and passed on to a Trustee, which takes the form of either a social agent (red) or a purely probabilistic gamble (blue). The Trustee can either split the 4 points evenly and give the participant 2 points or keep all 4 points to themselves (i.e. the participants receives 0 points). In the social context the probability of winning is based on the trustworthiness of the social agent displayed in the stimulus, while in the non-social context by the reward probability range displayed on top of a face, neutral for trustworthiness. b. Social (S; red outline) and non-social (NS; blue-outline) experimental design trials. Each trial began with a variable duration (1-4 s) fixation cross screen, which served as an inter-trial interval. The fixation screen was followed by a stimulus screen which remained available for up to 1.3 s, during which participants indicated their choice (’Play’ or ’Keep’). The stimulus screen was replaced by a fixation cross following choice for the remainder of the 1.3 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-eeg-informed-fmri-analysis-a-the-fmri-glm-model-3czzep51.png Figure 6. EEG-informed fMRI analysis. a. The fMRI GLM model included two parametric boxcar regressors capturing the electrophysiological trial-by-trial variability in the slope of evidence accumulation (EA) for each of the social and non-social trials at the time of decision. To absorb the variance associated with other task-related processes – for each of the social and non-social trials separately – we included the following additional regressors: UNMOD – two unmodulated (amplitude 1) boxcar regressors at the onset of the stimuli, DIFF – two parametric boxcar regressors of task difficulty (-1: hard, 0: mid, 1: easy), and RT – two parametric boxcar regressors modulated by individual trial RTs at the time of decision. All regressors had a fixed duration of 100 ms. b. Example EA traces with different build up rates (coloured arrows). Convolving these traces with a hemodynamic response function (HRF) leads to higher predicted fMRI activity for longer compared to shorter integration times – that is, higher predicted fMRI activity for shallower compared to steeper EA slopes. c. According to the hypothesized prediction in textbfb) the EEG-informed fMRI predictors of the slope of EA revealed an activation in posterior medial-frontal cortex (pMFC) for both social and non-social trials. d. We found that the pMFC showed task-dependant co-activation with regions of the human valuation system, specifically clusters along the medial wall of the prefrontal cortex as well as regions of the posterior cingualte cortex. The clusters represent mixed-effects activations that survived |Z|> 2.57 and that were cluster-corrected (P < 0.05) using a resampling procedure with a minimum cluster size of 88 voxels (see Materials and Methods). The complete lists of activations are shown in Supplementary Tables 1 and 4. vmPFC: ventromedial profrontal cortex; dmPFC: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; vPCC: ventral posterior cingualte cortext. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-social-and-non-social-behavioral-responses-red-and-329k76aj.png Figure 3. Social and non-social behavioral responses (red and blue circles) versus modelling performance of a drift diffusion model (black crosses) for proportion of ’Play’ choices (b) and response times (RTs; c). ’Play’ responses increased with probability of reward given a ’Play’ choice (P(payoff|play)) and RTs were the highest when there was no strong evidence for or against ‘Play’ decisions. Participant-specific https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-domain-specific-and-task-difficulty-fmri-1pwdb0n7.png Figure 7. Domain-specific and task difficulty fMRI activations. a. Activations showing greater BOLD response for social than non-social trials (red) and those exhibiting higher response for non-social compared to social trials (blue). These activations arise from the contrast of the two unmodulated regressors (UNMOD) in Fig. 6a. b. Activations showing greater BOLD response for easy than difficult trials (yellow) and those exhibiting higher response for difficult compared to easy trials (green). These activations arise from the conjunction of the two task difficulty regressors (DIFF) for social and non-social trials in Fig. 6a. All clusters represent mixed-effects activations that survived |Z|> 2.57 and that were cluster-corrected (P < 0.05) using a resampling procedure with a minimum cluster size of 88 voxels (see Materials and Methods). The complete list of activations is shown in Supplementary Tables 2 – 3. vlPFC: ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; Amy: amygdala; FFA: fusiform face area; TPJ: temporoparietal junction; IPS: intraparietal sulcus; vmPFC: ventromedial prefrontal cortex; vSTR: ventral striatum; MTG: medial temporal gyrus; dPCC: dorsal posterior cingulate cortex; dlPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; aINS: anterior insula. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-linear-discriminant-analysis-of-the-eeg-a-build-up-a8tpl6qx.png Figure 4. Linear discriminant analysis of the EEG. a. Build-up rates for hypothetical evidence accumulation (EA) signals for easy (yellow) and difficult (green) trials (top) and how differences in the rate of EA could manifest in the accuracy of an EEG classifier trained on stimulus-locked data. b. Average discrimination performance (Az; using leave-one-out cross validation) between easy and difficult trials across participants along with histogram of participant-specific peak discrimination times (top). The dashed line represents the average Az value leading to a significance level of p=0.05, estimated using a separate bootstrap test. The thinner black lines indicate standard errors of the mean across participants. Insets: scalp topographies (forward models) of the discriminating activity estimated at time of maximum discrimination averaged across participant for the social (red outline) and non-social (blue outline) trials. c. The average temporal profile of the discriminating activity across participants (obtained by applying the participant-specific classification weights estimated at the time of maximum discrimination) for the three levels of decision difficulty for social (red) and non-social trials (blue), locked to the onset of the stimulus onset. Insets: histograms of participant-specific EA onset times for social (red) and non-social trials (blue). d. The average temporal profile of the discriminating activity across participants, realigned to the onset of EA as estimated in c, for the three levels of decision difficulty for social (red) and non-social trials (blue). https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparative-study-of-continuous-beams-prestressed-with-nlvpov4y33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-development-of-neutral-axis-depth-for-different-tendon-3kos1di3.png Fig. 9. Development of neutral axis depth for different tendon types and various xp levels. (a) Load versus neutral axis depth; (b) curvature versus neutral axis depth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-test-beams-by-lin-26-1hbsjsah.png Fig. 3. Test beams by Lin [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-of-neutral-axis-depth-with-xp-level-for-vmidsd99.png Fig. 10. Variation of neutral axis depth with xp level for different tendon types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-normalized-ultimate-tendon-stress-and-concrete-250ggjls.png Table 2 Normalized ultimate tendon stress and concrete strains as well as failure mode of the beams. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-concrete-strain-distribution-over-the-length-for-ntj889om.png Fig. 6. Concrete strain distribution over the length for different tendon types and various xp levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-development-of-support-reaction-and-bending-moment-27vafoyv.png Fig. 11. Development of support reaction and bending moment for different tendon types and various xp levels. (a) Load-reaction response; (b) load-moment response. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-load-deformation-response-for-different-tendon-types-8zebti21.png Fig. 7. Load-deformation response for different tendon types and various xp levels. (a) Load–deflection response; (b) load-curvature response. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-ultimate-deflection-with-xp-level-for-3nou3nbr.png Fig. 8. Variation of ultimate deflection with xp level for different tendon types. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparative-histochemical-study-of-the-distribution-of-h5msqhau71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-composite-images-of-the-corpus-region-of-the-stomachs-3r60qwmd.png Fig. 1. Composite images of the corpus region of the stomachs stained with AB-PAS (images A–C) and AF-AB (image D) respectively. (A and B) Surface mucous cells containing neutral mucins (stained magenta) line the gastric pits (arrows) in A. spinosissimus (Bar = 200 m) and C. cyanea respectively (Bar = 100 m). (C) Surface mucous cells containing m hotten t us (Ba r https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-relative-numbers-log-10-of-sialo-weak-and-pice3guf.png Table 3 The relative numbers (log 10) of sialo, weak and strongly sulfated mucin containing goblet cells per mm2 in the intestines of A. spinosissimus, C. cyanea and A. hottentotus as detected with HID-AB staining. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-distribution-of-sialomucin-and-sulfated-mucin-3dbternd.png Fig. 3. The distribution of sialomucin and sulfated mucin secreting goblet cells, revealed by HID-AB and AF-AB staining, in the intestines of A. spinosissimus, C. cyanea and A. hottentotus. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between the different species and different gastrointestinal regions of the intestines is indicated by different letters of the alphabet. If the same letter/s is present above each of the GI regions/species there are no significant differences. However, if the letter/s between the GI region/species is different from one another, it indicates statistical significance. (A) The total number of acid mucin (sialo- and sulfomucin) secreting goblet cells per total area (surface e ecreti g ucin) i ent re https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-distribution-of-neutral-acid-and-mixed-mucin-1cv37f1a.png Fig. 2. The distribution of neutral, acid and mixed mucin secreting goblet cells, revealed by AB-PAS staining, in the intestines of A. spinosissimus, C. cyanea and A. hottentotus. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between the different species and different gastrointestinal regions of the intestines is indicated by different letters of the alphabet. If the same letter/s is present above each of the GI regions/species there are no significant differences. However, if the letter/s between the GI region/species is different from one another, it indicates statistical significance. (A) The total number of acid and neutral mucin-secreting goblet cells per total area (surface epithelial plus crypt area), measured in mm2. (B) The total number of neutral mucin-secreting goblet cells per total area (mm2). (C) The total number of acid mucin-secreting goblet cells per total area (mm2). (D) T l area 2 i . https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparative-study-of-image-processing-methods-for-the-1v0vikshzd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-averaged-di-values-of-the-rbcs-for-the-methods-1-2-and-3pikupp1.png Fig. 4. Averaged DI values of the RBCs for the methods 1, 2 and 3, with standard deviation error (0.0511; 0.0640 and 0.0541, respectively) using ImageJ. The numbers in the data columns represent the total RBCs number evaluated by each method over 102 frames. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-and-main-dimensions-of-1tl3ptn5.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation and main dimensions of microfluidic device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-set-up-2dyugucj.png Fig. 2. Experimental set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differences-between-the-three-used-methods-in-imagej-1sudl44v.png Table 1. Differences between the three used methods, in ImageJ software, focused on subtraction, threshold values and contrast options of each method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representation-of-the-rbcs-zoom-of-one-rbc-obtained-1uoxd75h.png Fig. 3. Representation of the RBCs (zoom of one RBC) obtained after image processing using the different ImageJ methods (a) method 1; (b) method 2; (c) method 3. The measurements were made between pillars. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-between-a-refined-two-point-model-for-the-37looeefru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-averaged-electron-temperature-balance-for-the-psf7dzpy.png Figure 3: Time-averaged electron temperature balance for the same case as in Fig. 2. The contributions are NL = −[φ, Te]/B (E × B advection), CU = 4Te[TeC(n)/n+7C(Te)/2−eC(φ)]/3eB (curvature), PA = −v‖e∇‖Te+ 2Te∇‖v‖e/3 (parallel advection), JP = 0.47Te∇‖j‖/en (parallel current term), DI = DTe(Te) (perpendicular diffusion), NNk = nnνiz(−2Eiz/3 − Te)/n (plasma-neutral interaction terms that we keep in the analysis), NNr = nnνizmev‖e(v‖e − 4v‖n/3)/n − nnνenme2v‖e(v‖n − v‖e)/3n (plasma-neutral interaction terms that we neglect), and PD = κ‖e∇‖(T 5/2e ∇‖Te) (parallel conduction). The sum in black shows the quasi steady state balance is almost exact. It does not vanish perfectly because of the finite time-average and the finite sampling rate of the simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-averaged-plasma-density-balance-along-the-1sy05cld.png Figure 2: Time-averaged plasma density balance along the field lines between the two limiter plates for the high density simulation for a flux tube with a width of 10ρs0 centered at r − rLCFS = 25ρs0. The contributions are NL = −[φ, n]/B (E × B advection), CU = 2[C(pe) − enC(φ)]/eB (divergence of diamagnetic and E × B flow due to curvature), PA = −∇‖(nv‖e) (parallel advection), DI = Dn(n) (perpendicular diffusion), and NN = nnνiz (plasmaneutral interaction term). The sum in black shows the quasi steady state balance is almost exact. It does not vanish perfectly because of the finite time-average and the finite sampling rate of the simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-ratio-between-the-electron-250d34mh.png Figure 4: Comparison of the ratio between the electron temperature at the upstream and target locations, Te,u/Te,t, as provided by the refined two-point model, Eqs. (17-18), (tpm), with the same set of GBS simulations considered in Fig. 1 and described in Sec. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-ratio-between-the-electron-dyh8wchd.png Figure 1: Comparison of the ratio between the electron temperature at the upstream and target locations, Te,u/Te,t, predicted by the simple two-point model, Eq. (2), (tpm), with the results of a set of GBS simulations. For each simulation (different colors) we consider five flux tubes of width 10ρs0 centered at radial locations r − rLCFS = 15, 25, 35, 45, 55ρs0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-ratio-between-the-electron-1tn88msp.png Figure 5: Comparison of the ratio between the electron temperature at the upstream and target locations, Te,u/Te,t, for two intermediate models between the refined model (Fig. 4) and the simple model (Fig. 1). On the left, results from the the simple two-point model (Sec. 2) are shown, where the plasmaneutral interaction terms have been included to otherwise constant source terms Sn and SQ. On the right, results from the refined model are shown, where the plasma-neutral interaction terms have been omitted. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparative-study-of-the-early-stages-of-mercury-cadmium-20jklceqqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-voltammograms-blanks-obtained-on-smooth-pt-v-5-x-lo-6le5uxdk.png Fig. 7. Voltammograms (blanks) obtained on smooth Pt. v = 5 x lo-3vs- *. 25°C. (a) 1 M H,SO, ; (b) 0.5 M HCIO, + 10-3~ KNO, :(c)0.5~ HCIO,. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-constant-current-100-x-1oonm-stm-image-of-the-pt-jxcj9kb6.png Fig. 1. Constant current 100 x 1OOnm’ STM image of the Pt substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-t-ah-ah-ah-and-ah-t-taken-from-the-19dsvy8f.png Table 2. Values of T,,, AH,, AH,, AH, and AH,/T, taken from the literature[27, 281 for the different electrodeposited https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-design-and-model-selection-methods-for-3sej9v00jh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-study-results-for-22-18-designs-fs-xagero4j.png Table 2: Simulation study results for 22 18 designs. FS=Forward Selection, GDS=Gauss-Dantzig Selector, MA=Model-Averaging; π1=power, π2=type I error rate, π3=coverage, π4=number of factors declared active https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proportion-of-times-a-given-factor-was-wrongly-mfd44j7i.png Fig. 1: Proportion of times a given factor was wrongly declared inactive plotted against ψ, for the 22 18 experiment and Scenario 3 analysed using the Gauss-Dantzig selector: (a) E(s2)-optimal design; (b) Bayesian D-optimal design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-measures-p1-p4-for-the-24-14-experiment-20stk5v9.png Fig. 3: Performance measures, π1, . . . , π4, for the 24 14 experiment with µ = 3 using the Gauss-Dantzig selector for E(s2) (solid line) and Bayesian D-optimal (dashed line) designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simulation-study-results-for-26-12-designs-fs-3f0jb777.png Table 4: Simulation study results for 26 12 designs. FS=Forward Selection, GDS=Gauss-Dantzig Selector, MA=Model-Averaging; π1=power, π2=type I error rate, π3=coverage, π4=number of factors declared active https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-objective-functions-and-maximum-and-1yhc8zbv.png Table 1: Values of objective functions and maximum and minimum column correlations for E(s2)-optimal and Bayesian D-optimal designs used in the simulation study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performance-measures-p1-p4-for-the-22-18-experiment-mn6ba2np.png Fig. 2: Performance measures, π1, . . . , π4, for the 22 18 experiment with µ = 5 using the Gauss-Dantzig selector for E(s2) (solid line) and Bayesian D-optimal (dashed line) designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-study-results-for-24-14-designs-fs-25x6xmix.png Table 3: Simulation study results for 24 14 designs. FS=Forward Selection, GDS=Gauss-Dantzig Selector, MA=Model-Averaging; π1=power, π2=type I error rate, π3=coverage, π4=number of factors declared active https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulation-results-when-there-were-no-active-factors-33ilphrr.png Table 5: Simulation results when there were no active factors. FS=Forward Selection, GDS=Gauss-Dantzig Selector, MA=ModelAveraging, SVD=SVDPRM; π2=type I error rate, π4=number of factors declared active https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-game-theoretic-models-for-parallel-trade-kn220j91q2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-for-all-the-models-examined-in-the-paper-plots-as-2nqr3tsj.png Fig. 4: For all the models examined in the paper: plots (as functions of the normalized total fixed cost CF / ( a2 b ) and the normalized parallel trade cost per-unit t/ ( a b ) ) of the price of anarchy. The three cases (a), (b), and (c) refer, respectively, to the choices γ = 1.2, γ = 1.5, and γ = 1.8 for the relative market size (for interpretation of the references to color in this figure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-model-of-trade-among-the-manufacturer-the-1kdlys8c.png Fig. 1: The model of trade among the manufacturer, the distributor, and the consumers in the countries A and B when there is parallel trade freedom. When parallel trade is forbidden, one sets qD,CA = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plots-of-the-prices-of-anarchy-as-functions-of-the-2hvk2lrv.png Fig. 2: Plots of the prices of anarchy (as functions of the parallel trade cost per-unit t) for the first three models examined in the paper, for: (a) a = 4/3, b = 1, γ = 4, CF = 0, and (b) a = 4/3, b = 1, γ = 1.6, CF = 0 (for interpretation of the references to color in this figure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-choice-set-of-feasible-surpluses-for-the-1be1x54n.png Fig. 6: (a) Choice set of feasible surpluses for the manufacturer and for the distributor in the first stage of the second modification of the third game-theoretic model, for CF = 0, a = b = 1, γ = 1.6374, and t = 0.3258. The regions corresponding to the expressions (i), (ii) and (iii) for the surpluses in the proof of Proposition 5.6 are represented in red, blue, and magenta, respectively. The point represented by the circle in magenta (the third region) is the disagreement point ( γ2a2 4b , 0 ) . The choice set is the intersection of the union of these three regions and the dashed triangle in the figure, since all the points whose value of the horizontal coordinate is smaller than the one of the disagreement point ( γ2a2 4b , 0 ) can be discarded (because the manufacturer can always choose a retail price pM,DM so high to stay in the third region). (b) The convexification of the choice set (in red). The intersection between its upper boundary and the green line (with slope 1) defines the Nash bargaining solution to the Nash bargaining problem modeling the first stage of the game (for interpretation of the references to color in this figure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-for-the-models-examined-in-the-paper-plots-as-cf7zr5fh.png Fig. 3: For the models examined in the paper: plots (as functions of the parallel trade cost per-unit t) of (a)-(c) the optimal value of the global welfare for the global planner; (d)-(f) the value of the global welfare at any optimal solution/subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium; (g)-(i) the price of anarchy. The total fixed cost is CF = 0.8 in the first column, CF = 1.1 in the second column, whereas in the first third CF is a random variable assuming the value 0.8 with a-priori probability 0.7, and 1.1 with a-priori probability 0.3. The values for the other parameters in all the subfigures are a = 4/3, b = 1, and γ = 1.5 (for interpretation of the references to color in this figure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper). https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-methods-used-for-inducing-mental-fatigue-in-4p9ujntvyh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2oxge1ow.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1sep0l99.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2yhemwrc.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2lybmq8y.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-informal-and-formal-acceptability-judgments-13h60enw3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-analysis-of-the-directionality-of-the-fc6sizp3.png Table 2: Descriptive analysis of the directionality of the responses. For ME and LS, these counts are based on the difference between means for each phenomenon. For FC, these counts are based on the difference between the number of choices in each direction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-categorized-results-of-statistical-tests-for-me-1pngdzup.png Table 3: Categorized results of statistical tests for ME. Significant p-values are defined at p<.05 in each direction; marginal p-values are defined at p≤.1 in each direction. Significant Bayes factors are defined at BF>3 in each direction; marginal Bayes factors are defined at BF>1 in each direction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-counts-of-the-number-of-us-english-data-1cptrgop.png Table 1: Estimated counts of the number of US-English data points in Linguistic Inquiry from 2001 through 2010. The margin of error for these estimates is maximally 6.9% (see section 2.3 for details). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-summary-of-divergent-results-in-the-data-from-figure-3cd81pzu.png Table 9: Summary of divergent results in the data from Figure 1, based on thresholds that minimize divergences https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-convergence-rates-in-percentage-between-each-17hw2h81.png Table 6: Convergence rates (in percentage) between each analysis and the traditional results reported in Linguistic Inquiry 2001-2010. In cells with slashes (/) the percentage on the left assumes that marginal results are non-significant; the percentage on the right assumes that marginal results are significant. All rates are estimates based on random sampling, resulting in a margin of error of 5.3-5.6%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-eight-phenomena-that-led-to-divergent-results-1l2slakd.png Table 7: The eight phenomena that led to divergent results between informal and formal methods based on the forced-choice task and a mixed logit analysis. We report the mixed logit analysis for FC, and the linear mixed effects models and two-tailed t-tests for ME and LS, where 0 indicates a null result (p > .1), – indicates a sign-reversal (p < .05), + indicates a significant result in the same direction as the informal result (p < .05), and parentheses indicate a marginal effect (.05 ≤ p ≤ .1) in the direction indicated by the symbol inside the parentheses. A lowercase g in the items column indicates that we created the control condition based on the discussion in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-categorized-results-of-statistical-tests-for-ls-3v4pkgrn.png Table 4: Categorized results of statistical tests for LS. Significant p-values are defined at p<.05 in each direction; marginal p-values are defined at p≤.1 in each direction. Significant Bayes factors are defined at BF>3 in each direction; marginal Bayes factors are defined at BF>1 in each direction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-categorized-results-of-statistical-tests-for-fc-1zc8a1bx.png Table 5: Categorized results of statistical tests for FC. Significant p-values are defined at p<.05 in each direction; marginal p-values are defined at p≤.1 in each direction. Significant Bayes factors are defined at BF>3 in each direction; marginal Bayes factors are defined at BF>1 in each direction. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-modified-evolutionary-computation-algorithms-35gggl6058 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-visual-comparison-of-camera-pose-estimates-29u2fw96.png Fig. 2: Examples of visual comparison of camera pose estimates on Dataset 6. Top row shows frame numbers and second row their corresponding video images. Other rows display virtual rendering images generated from estimates of different methods. A method outperforms another if video images resemble better to virtual rendering ones. OBDE shows better performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-position-and-orientation-errors-processing-time-per-191kpt3o.png Table 1: Position and orientation errors, processing time per frame, and visual quality of using different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-plotted-tracking-errors-processing-time-1pihk7f1.png Fig. 1: Examples of plotted tracking errors, processing time per frame, and visual quality of using different methods. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-multitask-and-single-task-learning-with-4dqn5aa0w1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-empirical-work-1ksdxzlw.png Table 1: Summary of empirical work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-forecasting-errors-for-10y-yield-model-multilayer-4zsq9gxv.png Table 4: Forecasting errors for 10Y yield (model: multilayer perceptron using relevant features; forecasting horizon: next day). MAPE non-normalised excludes two data points with real yields equal to 0.0% (less than 5 basis points), where this metric does not become appropriate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-relevant-features-per-target-considering-only-1ab03gnz.png Table 2: Top relevant features per target, considering only those with weights above 0.01 and when they remain relevant in at least 4 of the 5 forecasting horizon studied. Dominant feature in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-relevant-features-per-yield-per-1c7itaz7.png Table 3: Number of relevant features per yield, per forecasting horizon and in MTL mode (simultaneous modelling of all yields). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-forecasting-results-for-10y-yield-model-multilayer-3t3szul6.png Figure 6: Forecasting results for 10Y yield (model: multilayer perceptron using relevant features; forecasting horizon: next day). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-single-task-versus-multitask-learning-2jvpnfrs.png Figure 7: Example of single task versus multitask learning for the multilayer perceptron model using relevant features per target and per forecasting horizon. In both cases: neural network models with 10 hidden units and feature selection with regularisation parameter γ equal to 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-moving-window-methodology-note-that-at-any-time-2m3z8vge.png Figure 3: Moving window methodology. Note that at any time step t (present time for the correspondent time step), all data up to this point is historic data and is incorporated in the training moving window for better results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-models-linear-regression-lr-linear-1a2b30vy.png Figure 5: Comparison of models: linear regression (LR Linear Reg); multilayer perceptron using relevant features per target and per forecasting horizon (NN RelFeat); multilayer perceptron using only past values of the target(s) to predict (NN TgtOnly); and the last two models with synthetic data from the linear regression model as additional feature (NN RelFeat+LRdata and NN TgtOnly+LRdata, respectively). In all cases: neural network (NN) models with 10 hidden units and feature selection with regularisation parameter γ equal to 4. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-precipitation-forecast-skill-between-small-24c8ribobb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diurnally-averaged-hovmoller-diagrams-of-ensemble-1wgi0b5w.png Figure 3 Diurnally averaged Hovmöller diagrams of ensemble mean (computed using probability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-time-series-of-average-ensemble-variance-and-mse-1pie799m.png Figure 10 Time series of average ensemble variance and mse of the raw ENS4 and ENS20 ensemble mean precipitation forecasts for a) 1-hrly, b) 3-hrly, and c) 6-hrly accumulation intervals, and for bias-corrected ensemble mean precipitation forecasts for d) 1-hrly, e) 3-hrly, and f) 6-hrly accumulation intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-domains-for-a-sref-ensemble-members-b-ens4-and-27y0bmrb.png Figure 1 Domains for a) SREF ensemble members b) ENS4 and ENS20 ensemble members, and c) the analyses conducted in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-series-of-average-etss-for-the-ens4-ens20-3a6a7kdi.png Figure 4 Time series of average ETSs for the ENS4, ENS20, ENS20(5m), and ENS20(10m) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diurnally-averaged-hovmoller-diagrams-of-ensemble-b1jt3ua4.png Figure 3 Diurnally averaged Hovmöller diagrams of ensemble mean (computed using probability https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ens4-ensemble-member-specifications-nama-and-namf-2hje5oa9.png Table 1. ENS4 ensemble member specifications. NAMa and NAMf indicate NAM forecasts and analyses, respectively; em_pert and nmm_pert are perturbations from different SREF members; and em_n1, em_p1, nmm_n1, and nmm_p1 are different SREF members that are used for LBCs. The remaining table elements are described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ens20-ensemble-member-specifications-the-ics-lbcs-1srl22xx.png Table 2. ENS20 ensemble member specifications. The ICs/LBCs table elements represent various SREF members. The * and + symbols denote the combination of 5 and 10 ensemble members, respectively, with the best statistical consistency. The remaining table elements are described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-series-of-3-hrly-bias-and-total-number-of-grid-30he4m74.png Figure 5 Time series of 3-hrly bias and total number of grid-points in which observed precipitation occurred above the thresholds a) 0.10-, b) 0.25-, and c) 0.50-in. https://scispace.com/papers/a-compelling-symmetry-the-extended-fetuses-at-risk-1egopjb0nn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gestational-age-specific-birth-rates-among-singletons-1qldid0o.png Fig 2. Gestational age-specific birth rates among singletons of low-risk women (i.e., without hypertension or diabetes) and twins (Panel A), the first derivative of the birth rate among singletons of low-risk women and twins (Panel B) and gestational age distributions (Panel C) among singletons of low-risk women and twins, United States, 2004–2015. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gestational-age-specific-birth-rates-and-their-first-374rmd69.png Fig 3. Gestational age-specific birth rates and their first derivatives among singletons of low-risk women (without hypertension or diabetes) and twins (Panel A), gestational age-specific fetuses-at-risk perinatal death rates and their first derivatives among singletons of low-risk women and twins (Panel B), and births-based gestational age-specific perinatal death rates (Panel C) among singletons of low-risk women and twins, United States, 2004–2015 (D1 denotes first derivative). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clustering-and-correlation-between-the-gestational-1z7r4586.png Table 1. Clustering and correlation between the gestational week at which the first derivative of the birth rate peaked vs the mean, mode, median and standard deviation of the gestational age distribution, optimal gestational age and the gestational week at which the first derivative of the fetuses-at-risk perinatal death rate increased sharply, low- and high-risk cohorts, United States, 2004–2015. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-first-derivative-of-the-birth-rate-panel-a-the-241blyq2.png Fig 4. The first derivative of the birth rate (Panel A), the gestational age distribution (Panel B), the first derivative of the fetuses-at-risk perinatal death rate (Panel C), and births-based gestational age-specific perinatal death rates (Panel D), among 4 low- and high-risk cohorts, United States, 2004–2015. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-clustering-and-correlation-between-the-gestational-age-3rggewzf.png Fig 5. Clustering and correlation between the gestational age peak in the first derivative of the birth rate and the mean, mode and median of the gestational age distribution, optimal gestational age, and the standard deviation of the gestational age distribution (Panel A); and clustering and correlation between the gestational age peak in the first derivative of the birth rate and the mean, mode and median birthweight, optimal birthweight, and the standard deviation of the birthweight distribution (Panel B) among 12 low- and high-risk cohorts, United States, 2004–2015. (Cohort notations: No prev PTB denotes no previous preterm birth; DM, diabetes mellitus; Whites, White women; No HT-DM, singletons of women without hypertension or diabetes; 25–29 yrs, women 25–29 years of age;�35 yrs, women�35 years of age; HT & DM, hypertension and diabetes; Blacks, black women; HT, hypertension; and Prev PTB, previous preterm birth. Note: All series in Panel A are represented on the primary Y-axis except the SD of the gestational age distribution, which is represented on the secondary Y-axis. In Panel B, the D1 peak is represented on the primary Y-axis and all other series are on the secondary Y-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-birthweight-distributions-and-birthweight-specific-3jd99ee0.png Fig 1. Birthweight distributions and birthweight-specific perinatal death rates among singletons of low-risk women (i.e., without hypertension or diabetes; Panel A) and twins (Panel B); gestational age distributions and gestational age-specific perinatal death rates among singletons of low-risk women (Panel C) and twins (Panel D); and births-based gestational age-specific perinatal death rates (Panel E) and births-based relative gestational age-specific perinatal death rates (Panel F) among singletons of low-risk women and twins, United States, 2004–2015. https://scispace.com/papers/a-comparison-of-photometric-redshift-techniques-for-large-54i9b9lnhe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histograms-of-the-brightness-and-redshift-14qf3z79.png Figure 1. Histograms of the brightness and redshift distributions of the whole KB and the bright and random samples, with respect to the distribution in magnitude and redshift for the entire sample. Panel a) the R magnitude distribution of the entire VLA COSMOS data set, the subset of those with redshifts (which constitutes the whole KB in this paper), and the bright and random training samples. Panel b): the redshift distribution of the entire KB in this paper, and the bright and random training samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-summary-of-the-results-obtained-in-the-experiment-329h7clt.png Figure 10. Summary of the results obtained in the experiment G2/RSNN with the various methods. Panel a): MLPQNA. Panel b): RF-NA. Panel c): RF-JHU. Panel d): kNN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-summary-of-the-results-obtained-in-the-experiment-3c2suqhq.png Figure 11. Summary of the results obtained in the experiment H2/RSYN with the various methods. Panel a): MLPQNA. Panel b): RF-NA. Panel c): RF-JHU. Panel d): kNN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-multiwavelength-coverage-for-cosmos-2a0dsdo7.png Table 4. Comparison of multiwavelength coverage for COSMOS and for the EMU all-sky survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-summary-of-the-results-obtained-in-the-experiment-332th7fv.png Figure 6. Summary of the results obtained in the experiment C2/RDNN with the various methods. Panel a): MLPQNA. Panel b): RF-NA. Panel c): RF-JHU. Panel d): kNN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-16-experiments-column-1-3uu5x84n.png Table 1. Summary of the 16 experiments. Column 1: identification code; column 2: mnemonic code; column 3: Bright or Random training set; column 4: shallowness of optical/IR data; column 5: radio fluxes used (Y) or not used (N) in training; column 6: bright X ray detected AGN included (Y) or not included (N) in the training set; column 7: number of sources in the training set; column 8: number of sources in the test set; column 9: number of features in the training set. The test set has the same number of features minus one, corresponding to the spectroscopic redshift. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-summary-of-the-results-obtained-in-the-experiment-30pdav9h.png Figure 7. Summary of the results obtained in the experiment D2/RDYN with the various methods. Panel a): MLPQNA. Panel b): RF-NA. Panel c): RF-JHU. Panel d): kNN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-representative-sample-of-results-obtained-when-3supvsjn.png Figure 3. A representative sample of results obtained when the training set is selected from a brighter distribution of galaxies than the test set, in experiment A1/BDNY. Panel a): MLPQNA. Panel b): RF-NA. Panel c): RF-JHU. Panel d): kNN. https://scispace.com/papers/a-computational-feature-binding-model-of-human-texture-1xeiosu5js 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-shows-an-image-which-is-often-used-to-illustrate-18y1aggu.png Figure 15. (a) shows an image which is often used to illustrate the Law of Proximity [36]: Because the horizontal spacing between the elements is smaller than the vertical spacing, we perceive five horizontal groups. The CLM grouping result below identifies three distinct groups: The first (white) corresponds to the elements themselves, the second (bright gray) connects the elements together, forming a horizontal structure. The third group (dark gray) expresses the horizontal structure generated from the background. Therefore, the perceptual grouping of this image mirrors the human introspection very well.(b) exemplifies the Law of Similarity: The spacing between elements is constant, but the elements themselves consist of different stimuli arranged in vertical groups.(c) shows equally spaced stimuli which do not differ in appearance. Consequently the human observer just perceives black dots on a uniform background - exactly as the CLM model as shown below. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-thresholding-a-clm-with-10-layers-3p3yc1dq.png Figure 5. Effects of Thresholding: A CLM with 10 layers perceptually groups the image(a). (b) shows that actually 7 of the 10 layers are occpupied with active neurons. By using only those layers for the labelling process which contain activities above the proposed threshold, we gain the result as shown in(c): Only the two distinct texture areas remain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-two-examples-where-the-clm-achieved-a-3nlyn6sh.png Figure 14. Two examples where the CLM achieved a classification rate not close to 100%. In(a) the center region is not well seperated from the top, in(b) the top and left region seem to be interwaved. Note, that these “errors” resemble quite well the human perception of these texture examples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-g-depict-the-types-of-testimages-used-for-the-1zkosqtd.png Figure 13. (a)–(g) depict the types of testimages used for the benchmark. (h) is an example for a typical grouping result for (b) with a classification error of approximately 86% mainly caused by border effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-architecture-of-the-competitive-layer-model-is-9fhqv0n4.png Figure 1. The architecture of the Competitive Layer Model is characterized by two types of interaction: Firstly, all neurons of a column r arevertically competing amongst all layers and secondly in every layerα each neuronxrα is laterally interacting with all the other neurons in that layer to form the grouping process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-grouping-of-textures-consisting-ofls-ts-andxs-1nmzknpy.png Figure 7. Grouping of textures consisting ofL’s T’s andx’s: Similar to the untrained human observer the CLM only distinguishes between three different regions in(b). In (c) we descreased the parameterRsim in (7), such the model “looks closer at texture differences” and perceptually organizes the image in four distinct groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-sketch-in-a-indicates-that-there-are-a-large-ctejds9r.png Figure 9. The sketch in(a) indicates, that there are a large number of neurons in the tiltedL region whose receptive fields generate a zero response. This is not the case for thex region. In (b) the average response in the corresponding channel B5 is shown – see Figure 2 for the naming of the channels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-craik-cornsweet-illusion-for-textured-images-taken-1a5s003h.png Figure 11. Craik-Cornsweet illusion for textured images (taken from [29]): In (a) lines are arranged to generate a maximal texture gradient, in(b) line orientation is varied in a smooth way (as indicated by the two graphs below the patterns mirroring the line orientations across the center). The human observer perceives a distinct and homogenous square in(a), and just a uniform background in (b). https://scispace.com/papers/a-complex-point-source-solution-of-the-acoustic-eikonal-1b25w41bay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-the-complex-traveltimes-of-a-vertical-beam-3kxzms5d.png Figure 5. Plot of the complex traveltimes of a vertical beam for a TTI medium. The size of the model is . The model velocity is , and the anisotropic parameters are , and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-for-complex-traveltime-2k2omamb.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram for complex traveltime computation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-complex-traveltimes-associated-with-a-tilted-3gos6egk.png Figure 9. The complex traveltimes associated with a tilted ray for a VTI medium. The size of the model is (9 km, 9 km), which is based on the same model used in Figure 11 (Huang et al., 2018b). The initial angle of the central ray is θ = 60◦. The starting point of the central ray is at (4.5 km, 300m), and the initial beam width is 500 m. Plot (a) shows velocity model, plot (b) shows δ model, plot (c) shows ε model, plot (d) shows the real part of the complex traveltimes and plot (e) shows the imaginary part of the complex traveltimes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-the-complex-traveltimes-of-a-vertical-beam-21xz3snw.png Figure 2. Plot of the complex traveltimes of a vertical beam for a TTI medium. All models have the same https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-influence-of-anisotropic-parameters-on-the-1j77bw3t.png Figure 8. The influence of anisotropic parameters on the complex traveltimes of a vertical beam for a TTI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-results-for-the-tti-medium-green-3t34w6qn.png Figure 7. Comparison of the results for the TTI medium (green line) with those for the elliptically isotropic (red line) medium. The size of the model is .. The model velocity is . The starting point of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-complex-traveltimes-of-a-vertical-beam-for-a-1sfmqxii.png Figure 4. The complex traveltimes of a vertical beam for a TTI medium. The starting point of the ray is at (3 km, 0 km), and the initial ray tube width is 300 m. Figures (a) and (c) show the real part of the complex traveltimes, while Figures (b) and (d) show the imaginary part of the complex traveltimes. The TTI medium for Figures (a) and (b) has: and for Figures (c) and (d): . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-complex-traveltimes-of-a-vertical-12maoz8a.png Figure 3. Comparison of complex traveltimes of a vertical beam with exact solutions. The starting point of the ray is at (2 km, 2 km), and the initial ray tube width is 500m. Figures (a) and (c) show the real part of the complex traveltimes, while Figures (b) and (d) show the imaginary part of the complex traveltimes. Figures (e) and (f) show the error of the real and imaginary parts, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-computationally-and-cognitively-plausible-model-of-4k0lc9vyde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-informatron-2rv1xm4m.png Figure 1. The Informatron https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-accuracy-of-adaboost-variants-with-decision-stump-2y0zw12u.png Figure 2. Accuracy of AdaBoost variants with Decision Stump weak learner. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prob-notation-for-dichotomous-contingency-matrix-22yn5s15.png Table 1: Prob notation for dichotomous contingency matrix. https://scispace.com/papers/a-computer-vision-based-algorithm-for-obstacle-avoidance-164yg7msr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-free-areas-w8xwj31k.png Fig. 4. Free Areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kernel-used-by-the-blur-opencv-library-function-24mot669.png Fig. 5. kernel used by the Blur openCV library function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-obstacle-detecting-2dlari84.png Fig. 3. Obstacle Detecting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-diagram-generated-by-the-program-rqt-graph-showing-the-1ts3huzu.png Fig. 7. Diagram generated by the program rqt graph showing the relevant nodes and topics in the application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-captured-photo-a-drone-flying-1heq6ggi.png Fig. 1. Captured Photo - A drone flying https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-edge-detecting-rdz16czy.png Fig. 2. Edge Detecting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quadcopters-orientation-2eesclgr.png Fig. 6. Quadcopter’s orientation https://scispace.com/papers/a-concept-for-modelling-and-validation-of-web-based-5ecxnxcuym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-welcome-web-page-from-enfinity-s-eprocurement-528tw2m2.png Figure 4: The Welcome web page from Enfinity's eProcurement solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-model-checking-of-templates-1pnrepvk.png Figure 7: Model checking of templates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simplified-enfinity-multisite-request-model-ayejxgfu.png Figure 2: Simplified Enfinity MultiSite request model (according to [Mül+02, p. 69]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-concept-of-model-checking-kato99-p-32-i0kdxyv8.png Figure 6: The concept of model checking [Kato99, p. 32]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-fragment-of-the-graphical-presentation-model-of-18pkgtl1.png Figure 5: A fragment of the graphical presentation model of the example web page. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-graphical-notation-of-the-presentation-model-hpcxehnn.png Figure 3: The graphical notation of the presentation model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-programming-layers-of-enfinity-multisite-schw03-25kcxe5y.png Figure 1: The programming layers of Enfinity MultiSite [Schw03, p. 3]. https://scispace.com/papers/a-configurational-force-for-adaptive-re-meshing-of-gradient-1d41s4qv3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-description-of-the-two-uniform-meshes-and-the-1pdzc7qm.png Fig. 17. Description of the two uniform meshes and the adaptive mesh of the biaxial compression problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-performance-of-the-proposed-model-with-different-mesh-3aapnf4q.png Fig. 18. Performance of the proposed model with different mesh conditions when the initial OCR is 1.25 — the micromorphic regularization is not introduced: (a) the deviatoric strain patterns under the uniform (coarse and refined) and adaptive mesh conditions; (b) the stress–strain curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-no-micromorphic-regularization-when-the-initial-ocr-3ahaljso.png Fig. 19. No micromorphic regularization when the initial OCR is 4.0 - (a) the patterns of p′c to indicate the plastic regions and (b) the stress–strain curves from the three uniform (coarse, medium, and fine) and the adaptive mesh conditions: the more strain localization and softening behaviors as the mesh refined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-effect-of-introducing-micromorphic-regularization-nlh3f61f.png Fig. 20. Effect of introducing micromorphic regularization when the initial OCR is 4.0 - (a) the patterns of p′c to indicate the plastic regions and (b) the regularized stress–strain curves: the regularized patterns of plastic region and consistent stress–strain curves under the different mesh conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-patterns-of-deviatoric-strain-and-pore-pressure-when-1js4tddx.png Fig. 4. Patterns of deviatoric strain and pore pressure when the orientations of the bedding plane are: θ = 0◦, θ = 45◦, and θ = 90◦, respectively (adaptive mesh-refinement is activated). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-collection-of-stress-strain-curves-measured-at-the-top-3tq73vkn.png Fig. 3. Collection of stress–strain curves measured at the top of the specimen with the different orientations of the plane of isotropy in 2D conditions (θ = 0◦, θ = 45◦, and θ = 90◦, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-schematics-of-vertical-cut-problem-with-boundary-2d5i1xg6.png Fig. 12. Schematics of vertical cut problem with boundary conditions: all the boundaries are assumed undrained and the displacement control is used to apply loading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-progress-of-mesh-refinement-and-patterns-of-9k6u4ui1.png Fig. 13. Progress of mesh refinement and patterns of configurational force magnitude along with loading steps. The refinement is allowed once in (a) and twice in (b), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-conceptual-synthesis-of-organisational-transformation-how-3pijjp8dbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-diagnosis-of-sustainability-transformation-from-15fz1fpa.png Table 4 Diagnosis of sustainability transformation from behavioural science and psychological p https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-key-competences-in-sustainability-intended-for-1tlkerdi.png Fig. 3. Key competences in sustainability intended for graduates (Adapted from Wiek et al., 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simplified-model-of-the-dynamic-process-of-1rdi25nb.png Fig. 1. A simplified model of the dynamic process of organisational and societal learning for sustainability. Adapted from (Shelley, 2013); Zadek (2006). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-criteria-of-sustainability-transformation-from-the-2alj2gqf.png Table 5 Criteria of sustainability transformation from the organisational change management pe https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-criteria-for-diagnosing-a-universitys-sustainability-3p5d9nuw.png Table 8 Criteria for diagnosing a university’s sustainability transformation through a Corporate Governance and CSR lens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-seven-proposed-postulates-of-the-human-1ezm0ko0.png Table 6 The seven proposed postulates of the Human-Environment Systems (HES) framework from Scholz (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-complex-adaptive-cycle-of-an-ses-holling-1986-bdzivct7.png Fig. 2. The complex-adaptive cycle of an SES (Holling, 1986): illuminates the dynamics present in resilient social systems: innovation, adaptation and transformation (Folke et al., 2005; Gunderson and Holling, 2002). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overarching-themes-identified-were-grouped-into-3c79c3va.png Table 1 Overarching themes identified were grouped into theoretical perspectives from the litera macro). https://scispace.com/papers/a-construction-for-0-1-1-orthogonal-matrices-visualized-32hh657o92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-propus-hadamard-matrices-using-three-back-p3ayezv3.png Figure 2: Propus-Hadamard matrices using three back circulants B = C =D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-conference-matrices-for-orders-2n-using-two-2hbjzoeo.png Figure 8: Conference matrices for orders 2n using two circulant and backcirculants: propus-Hadamard matrices for orders 4n https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-matrices-p16-and-p32-7b7r12xa.png Figure 9: Matrices P16 and P32 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simple-propus-hadamard-matrices-for-orders-12-and-2vl0bwjj.png Figure 3: Simple Propus-Hadamard matrices for orders 12 and 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-conference-matrices-for-orders-2n-using-two-26r4zkam.png Figure 7: Conference matrices for orders 2n using two circulants: propusHadamard matrices for orders 4n https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-propus-hadamard-matrices-for-orders-4q-for-q-prime-1hybiliv.png Figure 4: Propus-Hadamard matrices for orders 4q for q prime, q ≡ 1 (mod 4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-propus-hadamard-matrices-for-orders-4q-q-a-prime-3uc1ecci.png Figure 5: Propus-Hadamard matrices for orders 4q, q a prime power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-order-4n-propus-hadamard-matrices-constructed-using-223544iu.png Figure 6: Order 4n propus-Hadamard matrices constructed using D-optimal Designs https://scispace.com/papers/a-continuous-record-of-temperature-evolution-over-a-sequence-1f45x8jlzt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-d15n-black-and-d40ar-grey-measured-over-do-18-19-2e8mz6n2.png Figure 1. a: d15N (black) and d40Ar (grey) measured over DO 18, 19 and 20. The analytical uncertainty is 0.006% for d15N and 0.025% for d40Ar. b: d15Nexcess smoothed over 4points. c:d18Oice [NorthGRIPMembers,2004].d:Deuterium excess. The Ddepth corresponding to each DO warming is indicated (both side arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gas-temperature-reconstruction-over-do-19-solid-35zv544m.png Figure 3. Gas temperature reconstruction over DO 19 (solid line). The temperature scenario proportional to d18Oice is in dotted grey line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-reconstructions-respecting-the-11-16-3kifdho2.png Figure 2. Temperature reconstructions respecting the 11, 16 and 11 C for DO 18, 19 and 20 warmings as inferred from d15Nexcess variations. a: measured d 15N compared to d15N modelled with the temperature scenario shown below. b: Surface temperature scenario used as input to the model by Goujon et al. [2003]. a (Dd18Oice/DT) was taken as a constant over each DO event. c: measured d15N compared to d15N modelled with the temperature scenarii shown below. The agreement is rather poor over phase V even if it minimizes the area between model and measurements. Better agreement could be reached after improvement of the firn model (e.g., addition of gas diffusion) as shown by preliminary intercomparisons of firn models. d: Surface temperature scenarii used as input to the model by Goujon et al. [2003]. a is allowed to change during a DO. e: DTsite obtained by inversion of the d18Oice, d and d 18Osw profiles. The d18Osw correction does not influence the reconstructed temperature scenario over a DO because of the low resolution of the profile ( 1500 yrs). https://scispace.com/papers/a-content-based-image-retrieval-system-for-fish-taxonomy-lql1xbulyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cont-1cs4799k.png Table 5, cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-hierarchical-classifier-for-carpiodes-genus-gwa3uu9w.png Figure 8: A hierarchical classifier for Carpiodes genus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-of-specimens-from-three-species-of-the-genus-khvvnfhv.png Figure 4: Images of specimens from three species of the genus Carpiodes: C. Carpio, C. cyprinus, and C. velifer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cbir-can-be-trained-by-the-user-37mrpb3a.png Figure 7: CBIR can be trained by the user https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-svm-maps-the-data-points-to-a-higher-dimensional-2adomqz6.png Figure 10: SVM maps the data points to a higher-dimensional feature space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ridge-ending-and-ridge-bifurcation-2njbuiv1.png Figure 3: Ridge ending and ridge bifurcation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-digitized-15-homologous-landmarks-using-tpsdig-2yg8dslx.png Figure 6: Digitized 15 homologous landmarks using TpsDIG Version 1.4 (2004 by F. James Rohlf ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-the-interface-of-the-cbir-system-35irgnjs.png Figure 18: The interface of the CBIR system https://scispace.com/papers/a-control-function-approach-to-estimating-dynamic-probit-2ulcsqufby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimating-determinants-of-poverty-status-with-gkgcf0f7.png Table 3. Estimating Determinants of Poverty Status with Migrant Share Treated as Exogenous https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimating-determinants-of-poverty-status-with-30lw2odz.png Table 4. Estimating Determinants of Poverty Status with Endogenous Share of Migrants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-share-of-village-labor-force-employed-as-migrants-14omjmdh.png Figure 1 Share of Village Labor Force Employed as Migrants By Year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-in-out-migrants-in-village-labor-force-48y6ut73.png Figure 3 Change in Out-Migrants in Village Labor Force Versus Years-Since-IDs were Distributed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-household-and-village-characteristics-29unisfu.png Table 1. Household and Village Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-partial-effects-of-determinants-of-poverty-bdmh0z7m.png Table 5. Average Partial Effects of Determinants of Poverty Status https://scispace.com/papers/a-control-theory-approach-for-analyzing-the-effects-of-data-1iw5ccye5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-error-magnitudes-for-single-bit-errors-in-1ricjjyu.png Table 1. Example of error magnitudes for single-bit errors in different data formats. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-errors-occurring-at-time-s-q94rhlb3.png Table 2. Effects of errors occurring at time s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-step-input-command-signal-response-of-closed-loop-3p6dmxhr.png Figure 4. Step-input command-signal response of closed-loop system. The plots have different scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-output-responses-to-step-fault-disturbances-the-22hb41dj.png Figure 8. Output responses to step fault disturbances. The plots have different scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transient-fault-influence-on-the-control-error-28u7t9vs.png Figure 1. Transient fault influence on the control error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-general-architecture-of-a-computer-node-3rvevhgv.png Figure 2. A General architecture of a computer node. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sensitivity-functions-from-u-1-and-2-to-output-y-6zqdcnpg.png Figure 5. Sensitivity functions from u, 1 and 2 to output, y. The plots have different scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-output-signal-responses-to-impulse-data-errors-the-3axwfu0f.png Figure 6. Output signal responses to impulse data errors. The plots have different scales. https://scispace.com/papers/a-cosmology-of-a-trans-planckian-theory-and-dark-energy-1in3jrk55l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-at-low-energy-the-ph-distribution-would-be-almost-1irjmhlp.png Figure 7: At low energy, the ϕ̃ distribution would be almost entirely contained in a ‘suppression zone’ defined by e ≤ emax. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-suppression-zone-is-the-pre-inflation-stage-1hm451et.png Figure 10: The suppression zone is the pre-inflation stage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-masses-for-matter-fields-m-and-m2-m-1ozxpqv5.png Figure 3: Masses for matter fields, m and M2/m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-light-cone-decomposition-for-off-shell-probes-1yhw1jv3.png Figure 1: Light-cone decomposition for off-shell probes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-how-to-synchronise-the-probe-functions-1j1hj07r.png Figure 6: How to synchronise the probe functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-universe-expansion-with-an-inflationary-stage-1winps3k.png Figure 9: Universe expansion with an inflationary stage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagram-of-the-generalised-fourier-transform-1zeq2cx9.png Figure 4: Diagram of the generalised Fourier transform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-scale-mmax-and-the-scale-of-dark-matter-3uad43nw.png Figure 8: The scale mmax and the scale of dark matter compared. Below mmax line, the spectral distribution is included in the pre-inflation zone. Dark matter ϕ becomes flat after the temperature reaches its mass scale. We want the intersection to coincide with the present cosmological epoch. https://scispace.com/papers/a-counterexample-to-the-hopf-oleinik-lemma-elliptic-case-4lkrvffw51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-and-b-0-z0-1vcuh2n9.png Figure 1. Schematic view of … and B 0.z0/. https://scispace.com/papers/a-critical-review-of-models-of-the-h2-h2o-ni-sz-electrode-1v27ph0jfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-arrhenius-plots-for-selected-results-for-ni-sz-266syjdq.png Figure 2. Arrhenius plots for selected results for Ni-SZ electrodes. LSRp is length specific polarization resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-double-logarithmic-plot-of-the-experimental-2uxlo0lx.png Figure 3. A double logarithmic plot of the experimental dependence of 1/LSRp, (length specific Rp), which is proportional to the exchange current density (eq. [9]), on PH2O. From Høgh (38). The slope of the line is (i.e. n in eq. [10]) 0.27 ± 0.09. Note that in some cases PH2 has been varied too, and in other cases the electrode potential changed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-c-show-sketches-of-possible-reaction-paths-vflaxas5.png Figure 1. a) - c) show sketches of possible reaction paths discussed in the literature, and d) summarises the observations of impurity segregations at and near the three phase boundary (3PB); a) H2 adsorption on the Ni results in the formation of H+ ions, which migrate to the site for water formation along the surfaces or though bulk Ni and bulk SZ. b) Migration of O2- or OH- from the SZ to the Ni along surfaces to the water formation site at the Ni. c) Water formation takes place at the SZ surface, and electron transport to the Ni at the surface of or through the SZ is occurring. d) Impurities are found at all surfaces and interfaces: an impurity film fully covers the SZ surface, an impurity ridge is located at the 3PB, and impurities appear at the Ni surface and Ni-SZ interface, but these seem not to cover the Ni surface and interface totally. https://scispace.com/papers/a-covid-19-case-mortality-rate-without-time-delay-3e4xz59jm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-covid-19-related-cases-in-each-of-3-360w777i.png Table 1: Number of Covid-19 related cases in each of 3 categories, and for 13 provinces of China[2, 6, 7] where every infected person has either recovered or died. https://scispace.com/papers/a-critical-turn-in-higher-education-research-turning-the-2qvnq2d7x6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analytical-outcomes-of-an-historical-ontology-of-all-3cb2beek.png Table 1: Analytical outcomes of an historical ontology of ALL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-and-analytical-framework-for-an-1tr6fiax.png Figure 1: Conceptual and analytical framework for an historical ontology of ALL https://scispace.com/papers/a-critical-revision-of-the-churchill-snoutfish-genus-3ux3fqnmah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-oscilloscope-traces-of-electric-organ-discharges-2o9agovd.png Figure 11. Oscilloscope traces of Electric Organ Discharges (EODs) of members of southern and eastern African Petrocephalus species. (A) P. longicapitis sp. nov. (B) P. tanensis, (C) P. wesselsi, (D) P. okavangensis sp. nov. Ordinate, voltage, with head-positivity upwards from baseline: shown in (A). Abscissa, time (see time bar); same scale everywhere. EOD amplitude scaled to first head-positive phase P1= 1; P2, second head-positive phase; N, head-negative phase. EODs superimposed with temporal offset to better show differences among individuals: differences between the sexes statistically significant in (A) and (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-principal-component-analysis-for-anatomy-of-31dt68xx.png Figure 5. Principal component analysis for anatomy of Petrocephalus okavangensis sp. nov. (red triangles) from (A, B) Guma Lagoon (n = 45) and (C, D) Popa Rapids (n = 36), compared with (A, C) P. longicapitis sp. nov. from Upper Zambezi River (blue squares) and (B, D) P. magnoculis sp. nov. (blue squares). Upper panels, analyses on 13 characters (see Table 3), lower panels, analyses on 17 characters (see Table 1, with HL/Na and LSc/HL excluded). Prin1–Prin3, for Principal Components 1–3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-southern-africa-indicating-the-origin-of-3n6itpvh.png Figure 1. Map of southern Africa indicating the origin of samples of the Petrocephalus species studied. (1) Rovuma (Ruvuma) River, type locality for P. catostoma (Günther 1866) [BMNH 1863.10.12.4]; (2) Ruvu (Kingani) River, type locality for P. stuhlmanni Boulenger 1909 [BMNH 1907.12.3.1]; (3) Sabie River, type locality for P. wesselsi Kramer and Van der Bank 2000 [ZSM 28554 to ZSM 28566, SAIAB 054449]; (4) Groot Letaba River, Limpopo System [SAIAB 85920]; (5) Blyde River, Limpopo System [SAIAB 85923]; (6) Pongola River [SAIAB 85919] (7) Upper Zambezi River near Katima Mulilo, type locality for P. longicapitis sp. nov. [SAIAB 85916]; (8) Kwando River [ZSM 38658]; (9) Okavango Delta, Nguma Lagoon, type locality for P. okavangensis sp. nov. [SAIAB 030046]; (10) Tana River, type locality for P. catostoma tanensis Whitehead and Greenwood, 1959, here recognized as P. tanensis (Whitehead and Greenwood, 1959) [SAIAB 85907]; (11) Lake Rukwa [SAIAB 059515]; (12) Lufubu River, Luapula River system, P. longianalis sp. nov. [SAIAB 76758]; (13) East Lungu River, Kafue/Zambezi River system [SAIAB 040074]; (14) East Lumwana River, Zambezi system [SAIAB 041208]; (15) Mwekera Stream, Kafue/Zambezi River system [SAIAB 042559]; (16) Kapesha River, Lake Malawi [SAIAB 039328]; (17) Dwangwa River, Lake Malawi [specimen SAIAB 050065]; (18) Kaombe River, Lake Malawi [SAIAB 050155]; (19) Lake Chiuta [SAIAB 039264]; (20) Mulela River [SAIAB 055875]; (21) Zambezi River Delta, type locality for P. petersi sp. nov. [SAIAB 060846]; (22) Mbuluzi River, Swaziland [SAIAB 067228]; (23) Cunene River, type locality for P. magnoculis sp. nov. [SAIAB 78788]; (24) Lukula River, type locality for P. haullevillii Boulenger 1912 [BMNH 1912.4.1.186-188]; (25) Rufiji basin, type locality for P. steindachneri Fowler 1958 [NMW 551181]; (26) Mukishi on Lomami River (Congo River basin), type locality for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-h-principal-component-analysis-for-13-anatomical-ouql5jq9.png Figure 4(A–H). Principal component analysis for 13 anatomical characters of Petrocephalus catostoma from Rovuma System (red triangles; n = 35) compared (one by one) with various allopatric Petrocephalus populations (blue squares): (A) with P. tanensis from Tana River (n = 52); (B) P. longicapitis sp. nov. from Upper Zambezi River (n = 38); (C) P. okavangensis sp. nov. from Guma Lagoon, Okavango (n = 45); (D) P. petersi sp. nov. from Lower Zambezi River (n = 11); (E) P. longianalis sp. nov. from Lufubu River (n = 49); (F) P. wesselsi from Incomati System (n = 44); (G) P. magnoculis sp. nov. from Cunene River (n = 9); (H) P. magnitrunci sp. nov. from Boro River (n = 11). (I) compares P. longicapitis sp. nov. from Upper Zambezi River (n = 38, red triangles) with P. magnoculis sp. nov. from the Cunene River (n = 9, blue squares). Prin1, Prin2, for Principal Components 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-e-principal-component-analysis-on-the-13-1kva8tuq.png Figure 7(A–E). Principal component analysis on the 13 anatomical characters of Table 3, for six Okavango populations, focusing on the Guma Lagoon sample (Petrocephalus okavangensis sp. nov., red triangles). (A) Guma/Popa Falls (blue squares). (B) Guma/Gadikwe (blue squares). (C) Guma/Xakanixa Channel (blue squares). (D) Guma/Xakanixa River (blue squares). (E) Guma/Boro River (blue squares). (F) Popa Falls (red triangles)/Boro River (blue squares). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-differentiation-within-petrocephalus-wesselsi-of-2ajkigj4.png Figure 10. Differentiation within Petrocephalus wesselsi of different South African origins, studied using Principal Component (PCA) and Discriminant (DA) Analyses, as compared with another species (P. longicapitis sp. nov., Namibia, Upper Zambezi). Circles in DA, 95% confidence circles to contain true mean of group. (A) PCA and (B) DA on correlations among anatomical characters. (C) PCA and (D) DA same as (A) and (B), respectively, but for analyses on characters of Electric Organ Discharges (EODs). Green M symbols, specimens from Mokolo (Mogol) River (n = 48; 43, i.e. 48 for anatomy and 43 for EOD); blue-green N symbols, Nwanedzi River (n = 9; 0); orange B symbols, Blyde River (n = 5; 5); red S symbols, Sabie River (n = 44; 39); blue Z symbols, P. longicapitis sp. nov. from the Upper Zambezi (type locality Katima Mulilo; n = 38; 42); bluer shade of blue-green coloured U symbols, specimens from Mbuluzi River, Swaziland (n = 4; 0). Excluded from DA but shown on DA graphs: lilac G symbols, Groot Letaba River (n = 2; 2); sand-coloured L symbols, Lepalala River (n = 2;1); redder shade of lilac P symbol, Pongola River (n = 1; 1). The 15 anatomical characters included in the anatomical analyses were: PDL/SL, PAL/SL, LD/SL, LA/SL, pD/SL, CPL/SL, CPD/CPL, LSc/HL, LSo/HL, HL/Na, HL/SL, BD/SL, nD, nA, SPc. The characters used in the EOD analyses were: Namp, P2amp, P1dur, Ndur, P2dur, P1Nsep, P1P2sep, NP2sep, P1area, Narea, P2 area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-principal-component-analysis-on-17-anatomical-a9pozhng.png Figure 8. Principal component analysis on 17 anatomical characters (see Table 1), for six Okavango samples, focusing on that of the Boro River (Petrocephalus magnitrunci sp. nov., red triangles). (A) Boro/Xakanixa River (blue squares); (B) Boro/Gadikwe Lagoon (blue squares); (C) Boro/Xakanixa Channel (blue squares); (D) Boro/Popa Rapids (blue squares); (E) Boro/Upper Zambezi River (blue squares); (F) Boro/Cunene River (blue squares). The 17 characters included in the analysis were: PDL/SL, PAL/SL, LD/SL, LA/SL, pD/SL, CPL/SL, CPD/CPL, Lso/HL, HL/SL, BD/SL, nD, nA, SPc, SLS, OD/HL, LPF/HL, PPF/SL. Characters of Table 1 that were excluded: HL/Na, LSc/HL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-molecular-phylogenetic-analysis-for-petrocephalus-2o9i0ace.png Figure 13. Molecular phylogenetic analysis for Petrocephalus catostoma and three allopatric Petrocephalus species by Maximum Likelihood method. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura–Nei model (Tamura and Nei 1993). The tree with the highest log likelihood (–1811.6564) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically as follows. When the number of common sites was <100 or less than one-quarter of the total number of sites, the maximum parsimony method was used; otherwise BIONJ method with the maximum composite likelihood distance matrix was used. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The analysis involved 23 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. There was a total of 477 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA5 (Tamura et al. 2011). https://scispace.com/papers/a-cross-layer-approach-for-ip-network-protection-4zibyi33op 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-overload-rate-under-different-logical-link-2r3104ze.png Fig. 7. The overload rate under different logical link utilizations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-the-mapping-between-the-logical-and-14bn4om2.png Fig. 1. An example of the mapping between the logical and physical topologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-real-isp-networks-used-for-evaluation-3l3ski99.png TABLE IV REAL ISP NETWORKS USED FOR EVALUATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-the-maximum-logical-link-utilization-on-backup-330upc8m.png TABLE VI THE MAXIMUM LOGICAL LINK UTILIZATION ON BACKUP PATHS WHEN THE AVERAGE LOGICAL LINK UTILIZATION IS 40% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-average-traffic-recovery-rate-under-different-73u9thgy.png Fig. 5. The average traffic recovery rate under different logical link utilizations.. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-overall-overload-rate-for-the-four-networks-2poin708.png Fig. 8. The overall overload rate for the four networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-table-of-notations-yfx8pmee.png TABLE I TABLE OF NOTATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-average-failure-recovery-rate-3qk628x1.png Fig. 3. The average failure recovery rate. https://scispace.com/papers/a-cross-cultural-comparison-of-nurses-ethical-concerns-os804ousth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-background-data-of-participating-swedish-n-21-and-2fd0vw7n.png Table 1 Background data of participating Swedish (n = 21) and Chinese nurses (n = 20) https://scispace.com/papers/a-cross-section-analysis-of-the-fairness-of-pay-perception-58nf1ox5me 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-sample-means-by-gender-and-race-1996-1999-standard-10e41ejl.png Table 1.1: Sample means by gender and race (1996 – 1999) (Standard Deviations are in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fairness-of-pay-perception-for-the-uk-1996-2000-1jj8u3ky.png Table 3: Fairness-of-pay perception for the UK (1996–2000) Earnings and comparison wage controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fairness-of-pay-perception-for-the-uk-1996-2000-2x2susbi.png Table 2: Fairness-of-pay perception for the UK (1996–2000) Basic specification https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fairness-of-pay-perceptions-for-the-uk-1996-2000-1r93k9gr.png Table 4: Fairness of pay perceptions for the UK (1996 – 2000) Gender and race sub-samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fairness-of-pay-perceptions-for-the-uk-1996-2000-1jjqeykw.png Table 5: Fairness of pay perceptions for the UK (1996 – 2000) (Pooled ordered probit regression results with full set of controls) https://scispace.com/papers/a-cross-sectional-cluster-analysis-of-the-combined-2n6isisvzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-self-reported-socio-demographic-behavioural-and-2obk55eu.png Table 1. Self-reported socio-demographic, behavioural and health characteristics of participants included in analyses (n=5854; from the HABITAT study, Brisbane, Australia, 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-sociodemographic-characteristics-2m14tq4u.png Table 3. Comparison of sociodemographic characteristics between the four clusters (n=5854; from the HABITAT study, Brisbane, Australia, 2011). https://scispace.com/papers/a-cytochrome-p450-from-juvenile-mustard-leaf-beetles-3kwzgr4zoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-tissue-specific-expression-profile-of-the-2jzhuxf3.png Figure 4 The tissue specific expression profile of the selected P450 candidates in P. cochleariae larvae. The heat 346 map was generated based on the values measured by RT-qPCR. The data shown are mean + SE (n = 3). The color 347 gradients from green to red represent the values ranging from 0 to 2000. For the detailed values, see Table S3. Pc 348 eIF4a and Pc EF1a were used for normalizing the transcript abundance. 349 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cytochrome-p450-numbers-and-families-identified-by-v5vrfxck.png Figure 3 Cytochrome P450 numbers and families identified by membrane proteomics in the fat body. Different 326 families were clustered by blasting against known CYPs in NCBI. The values represent the corresponding number 327 of CYPs in each family. 328 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-identification-of-mstfa-silylated-8-oh-geraniol-rt-svx5xvj3.png Figure 2 Identification of MSTFA silylated 8-OH-geraniol (RT: 14.80 min) in the fat body of P. cochleariae by GC-321 MS. 8-OH-geraniol in fat body extracts was assigned based on comparison of the retention time and mass spectra to 322 the authentic standard. 323 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gc-chromatograms-of-the-reaction-products-show-the-32nvspwi.png Figure 6 GC chromatograms of the reaction products show the conversion of monoterpenols by the CYP6BH5 421 enzymes expressed by Sf9 insect cells. Microsomal membranes from Sf9 insect cells co-express CYP6BH5 and 422 CPR or of CPR only (empty-control) were incubated with 200 µM of substrate for 15 min in the presence of 423 NADPH. No NADPH was added to the negative control (neg-control). Identified compounds were then assigned 424 based on their retention times and MS data. Mass spectra and NMR data of the products and references are available 425 in supplementary Figures S1 and S6 to S10. 426 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iridoid-biosynthetic-pathway-adopted-and-modified-3rn8r1pn.png Figure 1. Iridoid biosynthetic pathway. Adopted and modified from Burse et al. (Burse et al., 2007). 102 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-timeline-of-different-rnai-effects-a-relative-8-1o6zdaqi.png Figure 5 Timeline of different RNAi effects. a) Relative 8-hydroxygeraniol glucoside (8-OH-Ger-Glc) amount in 377 hemolymph after RNAi (n≥9); b) Transcriptional level of Pc C7758 (n = 3 , each time point contains 3 biological 378 replicates); c) Relative chrysomelidial amount in the glandular reservoir (n≥5); d) Relative glandular secretion 379 produced by larvae in Pc C7758 knockdown and eGFP groups (n≥5, mean ± SE). 380 https://scispace.com/papers/a-datalog-ruleml-1-01-architecture-for-rule-based-data-54fwrieee3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schemas-of-forest-plugging-into-db-db1-ekf-db2-nwr-and-3t0urkoa.png Fig. 2. Schemas of ∆Forest, ‘plugging’ into DB′, DB1=EKF, DB2=NWR, and DB3=LWF of Fig. 1 (with n=3), where the KB partitioning in (c) and (d) becomes a split, e.g., between external :- internal vs. internal :- internal rules (the keys of the global schema – three being composite – are shown in bold red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-from-a-mediator-b-warehouse-and-c-bidirectional-to-d-3rdlxjcf.png Fig. 1. From (a) mediator, (b) warehouse, and (c) bidirectional to (d) unified architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/a-cryogen-free-dilution-refrigerator-based-josephson-qubit-2pt7tmr1kg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photos-of-the-cryogen-free-dr200-dilution-refrigerator-yia2ml8m.png FIG. 1. Photos of the cryogen-free DR200 dilution refrigerator system suitable for qubit quantum-state measurements. (a) Front view. (b) Top view. The fridge is installed on an aluminum-alloy frame with double acoustic isolation from the ground using rubber stands and air springs. The turbo pump and rotary valve are mechanically decoupled from the fridge. The fridge is also electrically isolated from the pumps, the control instruments, and the gas lines. The thick red arrow in (b) indicates where an accelerometer sensor is placed for vibration measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-velocity-spectral-density-of-the-dilution-refrigerator-1vk10pat.png FIG. 3. Velocity spectral density of the dilution refrigerator system measured under three conditions: The whole system is off (bottom line), only the turbo pump is on (middle line), and both the turbo pump and the PTR are on (top line), respectively. See text for measurement details. Peaks at 50 Hz and its harmonics and subharmonics are due to power line interference (not due to mechanical vibrations). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-overall-arrangement-of-the-cryogen-free-8se8yv2x.png FIG. 2. Schematic overall arrangement of the cryogen-free DR200 dilution refrigerator measurement system. (1) Aluminum-alloy frame; (2) PTR coldhead; (3) and (4) pumping line; (5) bellows assembly; (6) turbo pump; (7) rotary valve; (8) compressor; (9) forepump; (10) LN2 coldtrap; (11) PTR compressor; (12) and (13) electrically isolated gas line and connecters; (14) rubber stands; (15) air-spring system (optional); (16) sand bag; (17) trilayer μ-metal shielding. Thin blue lines represent the gas lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-ramsey-fringe-measured-from-an-rf-squid-type-phase-1o1l2y31.png FIG. 8. (a) Ramsey fringe measured from an rf-SQUID type phase qubit made of Al Josephson junction (symbols). The applied microwave frequency is ∼16 GHz and a decay time of 38 ns is obtained from the exponentially damped sinusoidal oscillation fit (line). (b) Ramsey frequency versus detuning (symbols). The line is a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-noise-characteristic-of-a-voltage-preamplifier-with-2godnc6s.png FIG. 6. Noise characteristic of a voltage preamplifier with gain of 1000 made from two AD624 instrumentation amplifiers in series. The noise spectrum density is less than 10 nV rms/ √ Hz (refer to input) above ∼10 Hz up to 100 kHz (flat part above 1.6 kHz not shown). The inset shows the final assembly (the longer one) together with that of an isolation amplifier with unity gain (the shorter one). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-rabi-oscillation-measured-from-an-rf-squid-type-mij1ephx.png FIG. 7. (a) Rabi oscillation measured from an rf-SQUID type phase qubit made of Al Josephson junction (symbols). The applied microwave frequency is ∼16 GHz and a decay time of 70 ns is obtained from the exponentially damped sinusoidal oscillation fit (line). (b) Rabi frequency versus microwave amplitude (symbols). The line is a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diagram-of-the-electronic-measurement-system-typical-w3h0o00k.png FIG. 4. Diagram of the electronic measurement system. Typical three kinds of the measurement lines are shown starting from the left side of the diagram: The qubit flux bias and SQUID-detector current lines, the SQUID-detector voltage lines, and the microwave/fast-pulse lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-attenuation-versus-frequency-characteristic-of-rxjxo3wx.png FIG. 5. Typical attenuation versus frequency characteristic of the copper powder filters. The attenuation at 120 MHz is about 3 dB, and is more than 60 dB above 1 GHz. The length of filter is 7 cm as is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/papers/a-decision-support-model-for-determining-the-applicability-4iyvzkotku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-health-monitoring-modeling-approach-symmetric-2qbhs32f.png Fig. 3. Health monitoring modeling approach. Symmetric triangular distributions are shown for simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-life-consumption-monitoring-modeling-approach-nkrwdf76.png Fig. 2. Life consumption monitoring modeling approach. Symmetric triangular distributions are shown for simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variation-of-the-effective-life-cycle-cost-per-unit-2rqq2syc.png Fig. 5. Variation of the effective life cycle cost per unit with the safety margin for a LCM-based maintenanceplanning scheme (10,000 Monte Carlo samples). Top: no random failures assumed; Bottom: 10% random failures per year included, variation in failures avoided also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-the-effective-life-cycle-cost-per-unit-2lkc2pzq.png Fig. 6. Variation of the effective life cycle cost per unit with the prognostic distance for a health monitoring based maintenance planning scheme (10,000 Monte Carlo samples). Top: no random failures assumed; Bottom: 10% random failures per year included, variation in failures avoided also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-symmetric-triangular-time-to-failure-distribution-note-4mkzwzut.png Fig. 1. Symmetric triangular time to failure distribution. Note, the model is not constrained in any way to working with either symmetric or triangular distributions, other distributions can be used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-assumptions-for-cases-presented-in-this-paper-2sgtwgg0.png Table I. Data assumptions for cases presented in this paper. https://scispace.com/papers/a-decision-tree-approach-to-treat-platelet-hyperactivity-and-3n0n4ily5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dysregulation-of-circulating-biomarkers-p-selectin-2i6ywxxx.png Table 2: Dysregulation of circulating biomarkers P-selectin, von Willebrand Facto, fibrin(ogen) and Ddimer in COVID-19. See Figure 1 for levels during COVID-19. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-thromboelastography-r-teg-r-clot-parameters-for-7zu5iao6.png Table 3: Thromboelastography® (TEG®) clot parameters for whole blood and PFA-200 platelet parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prognostic-indicator-based-on-a-points-system-3itj0dut.png Table 4: Prognostic indicator based on a points system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-rollercoaster-vascular-pathology-in-acute-reccgmwl.png Figure 1: The rollercoaster vascular pathology in acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID19) [adapted from (Grobler, et al 2020)]. We focus on fibrin(ogen), D-Dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor dysregulation, resulting in endothelial, erythrocyte and platelet dysfunction. A) Early on in the disease dysregulation in clotting proteins and circulating biomarkers may occur and is suggestive of hypercoagulation. B) The disease may progress to bleeding and thrombocytopenia. C) We suggest that each patient should be treated using a personalized medicine approach in the early stages of the disease. Image created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-teg-r-traces-with-the-various-parameters-discussed-3yk9lge5.png Figure 2: TEG® traces with the various parameters discussed in Table 3, visualized. A) Healthy (normocotgulable) trace; B) Hypercoagulable trace and C) Hypocoagulable trace. Image created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-clinical-decision-tree-protocol-if-clinical-3v8fjrbt.png Figure 4: Clinical decision-tree protocol if clinical features point to hypercoagulation. 1) The first step would be to decide on outpatients management or if the patient should be hospitalized. 2A) Low risk patients will require symptomatic treatment regime. 2B) High-risk (outpatient) patients are treated with DAPT, as well as DOAC. Patients are warned of signs of bleeding, recurring fever or worsening hypoxemia. If they continue improving clinically, CRP and TEG are repeated after 4 weeks. If symptoms persist, CRP and TEG are done as needed. 3) Once the patient is admitted to hospital, treatment should commence with loading on DAPT, dexamethasone and Fondaparinux (therapeutic levels). 4) With a hypercoagulable TEG result and all 3 channels of the PFA200 not blocked, use (GP) IIβ/IIIα infusion for at least 48 hours, guided by the TEG results. Once the patient is on a (GP) IIβ/IIIα inhibitor, the PFA200 does not have to be repeated as that class of drug inhibits all thee platelet channels. 5) At any time during hospitalization, the initiation of the intravenous thrombolysis protocol should be considered if, despite supplementary oxygen the saturation remails ≤ 94%. Streptokinase (250 000 IU/200 ml normal saline infused over 30 minutes. Do not use a streptokinase continuously infusion, due to potential bleeding risk. Streptokinase may be replaced with Tenecteplase or Alteplace. 6) DAPT (Clopidogrel 150 mg/d / Aspirin 150 mg/d), Fondaparinux (therapeutic dose) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) should be used continued throughout the hospital stay. SSRI: we suggest Sertraline 50 mg/d 7) Adjuvant treatment may be considered. 8) Post-discharge anticoagulation is important, however, research is still needed to determine the exact duration of the treatment. Abbreviations: BD: Twice daily; DAPT: Discharge with dual antiplatelet therapy; DOAC (e.g. Apixaban): Direct oral anticoagulants; IV: Intravenous; STAT: statin (immediately); TEG®: Thromboelastography®. Image created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-uncoiling-of-the-fibrin-ogen-protein-in-part-3cc6amq3.png Figure 3: A) The uncoiling of the fibrin(ogen) protein (in part) resulting in whole blood and plasma hypercoagulability. B and C) are examples of scanning electron microscopy micorgraphs of B) fibrin clot from a healthy individual (created with platelet poor plasma with added thrombin); C) fibrin clot from a diabetes individual (created with platelet poor plasma with added thrombin) [B and C taken from (Randeria, et al 2019)]. Image created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-various-antiviral-agents-antibiotics-and-anti-u57vccf9.png Table 1: Various antiviral agents, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents suggested to be useful in the treatment of COVID-19. https://scispace.com/papers/a-di-o-dihydrogeranylgeranyl-glycerol-from-thermococcus-s-4l4a9u5gox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1h-400-mhz-and-13c-100-mhz-nmr-data-of-diether-3-5zdmfnal.png Table 1. 1H (400 MHz) and 13C (100 MHz) NMR data of diether 3 (CDCl3). https://scispace.com/papers/a-delineating-procedure-to-retrieve-relevant-publication-2lghb5064l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-of-noise-of-core-nanocellulose-publications-1p2ik8nr.png Fig. 4 Percentage of noise of core-nanocellulose publications and proportion between core-nanocellulose publications and total number of publications over research area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-cleaning-terms-on-the-number-of-publication-34k6b646.png Fig. 5 Effect of cleaning terms on the number of publication from selected peripheral research areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-cleaning-terms-on-the-number-of-publication-20gej4ie.png Fig. 3 Effect of cleaning terms on the number of publication from nuclei research areas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-noun-phrases-from-the-nuclei-research-areas-13-6-3-xmkeulw3.png Fig. 8 Noun-phrases from the nuclei research areas 13.6.3 (left side) and 13.6.11 (right side). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-web-of-science-a1o5df3w.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of Web of Science publications clustered according to the CWTS Publication-level Classification System. The black nodes represent the publications focused on nanocellulose. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-cleaning-step-on-the-top-authors-from-34vev9rx.png Table 4 Effect of cleaning step on the top authors from nucleus cluster 13.6.11. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-cleaning-step-on-the-top-authors-from-2nspn4tj.png Table 3 Effect of cleaning step on the top authors from nucleus cluster 13.6.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-overview-of-the-number-of-nanocellulose-focused-h3tmp6py.png Fig. 6 Overview of the number of nanocellulose-focused publication and number of clusters (research areas) in four moments of the delineation procedure proposed. https://scispace.com/papers/a-diagnostic-evaluation-of-modeled-mercury-wet-depositions-584irok0l1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-modelled-annual-dry-deposition-of-gom-pbm-and-gem-ug-2zdwvows.png Table 3: Modelled annual dry deposition of (GOM+PBM) and (GEM) [µg/m²], total mercury wet deposition [µg/m²] and observed annual precipitation [mm] for 18 EMEP stations. The percentage in brackets indicates the fraction of wet deposition compared to total mercury deposition. The EMEP stations are described in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emep-stations-used-for-model-evaluation-location-is-1q9e5iqb.png Table 1: EMEP stations used for model evaluation. Location is given in decimal degrees, altitude in m. The columns C and D indicate whether Concentration and Deposition measurements are available. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-analysis-of-modelled-and-observed-3cc5j2ck.png Table 2: Statistical analysis of modelled and observed speciated mercury concentrations at Waldhof (DE02) for 2009. All values are based on hourly measurements of GEM and 3-hourly measurements of GOM and PBM. Units are ng/m³ for GEM and pg/m³ for GOM and PBM. The last two columns relate to an alternative CMAQ-Hg run with no GOM emissions and no chemical production of PBM. Statistical values shown are the mean normalized bias (MNB) and mean normalized error (MNE) based on hourly values as well as the correlation for the annual cycle (based on bi-weekly averages) and the diurnal cycle (based on 3-hourly values). The measurement of GOM and PBM is divided in 3 hours of sampling and 1 hour 25 minutes of analysis. Thus, there are roughly 5 measurements per day and about 77 measurements for each hour per year of observation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-r2-scores-mean-bias-and-mean-error-of-modelled-and-3kulxvk0.png Table 4: R² scores, mean bias, and mean error of modelled and observed deposition fields at Waldhof (DE02). All data is based on weekly values for 2009. The observed mean deposition for 2009 is 4.7 µg/m². A correction of the modelled weekly wet depositions by means of the precipitation bias (observation/model) leads to a significant increase in correlation but also to increased bias and error. A correction using the bias of observed and modelled atmospheric TOM concentrations decreased the deposition bias and error. Generally, the combined correction with both vaues (combo) leads to the best agreement with observations for all model setups. https://scispace.com/papers/a-domestic-plant-differs-from-its-wild-relative-along-48ocrimik3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparing-levels-of-among-leaf-within-plant-trait-13urinqf.png Figure 1. Comparing levels of among-leaf, within-plant trait variability between domestic cultivars 581 and wild relatives of alfalfa, and relationship with trait means. Differences in within-plant trait 582 variability and trait means between wild and domestic alfalfa plants. Points are model-estimated 583 domestication effects (% change), and shaded bars are the 95% CIs. Top panel (a) shows change in trait 584 means and total compound concentrations, averaged across 9 leaves per plant; middle panel (b) shows 585 change in trait variability (standard deviation) and chemical diversity across the same 9 leaves per plant; 586 and bottom panel (c) shows the change in the same among-leaf variability traits, but after accounting for 587 mean ~ variance and compound concentration ~ diversity relationships. Note two different y-axis ranges; 588 righthand y-axis is for chemical diversity traits. Asterisks show model significances at the <.05, <.01, and 589 <.001 levels. Top right: schematic of sampling design within each plant and metrics of variability (see 590 also Fig. S1). 591 https://scispace.com/papers/a-double-layer-circularly-polarised-radial-line-slot-array-2oxbs3w14t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-far-field-radiation-pattern-cuts-taken-at-ph-0-degree-20gst5gi.png Fig. 3: Far-field radiation pattern cuts taken at φ = 0 degree plane at 20 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-electric-near-field-a-aperture-illumination-ooiza4zn.png Fig. 2: Simulated electric near-field (a) Aperture illumination of Ey in a cross section of YZ plane from the antenna aperture, (b) Wave propagation inside the cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-view-of-the-double-layer-radial-line-30f3aobk.png Fig. 1: Cross section view of the double layer radial line slot array antenna. https://scispace.com/papers/a-double-planetary-system-around-the-evolved-intermediate-1axx7ig2bn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-semimajor-axis-a-pericenter-a-1-e-and-3lfydve8.png Figure 6. Evolution of semimajor axis a, pericenter a(1 − e), and apocenter a(1 + e) distances for the two planets of HD 4732 system for the best-fit twoKeplerian model to the radial velocity data. Red lines are for semimajor axis and blue ones are for pericenter (lower line for each planet) and apocenter (upper line for each planet) distance. We here assume i = 90◦ and prograde coplanar orbits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stability-map-of-the-outer-planet-hd-4732c-for-a-f2aumhgj.png Figure 7. Stability map of the outer planet (HD 4732c) for a coplanar prograde configuration with different values of inclination i. Orbital elements other than semimajor axis and eccentricity of the outer planet are taken from the best-fit values. The color scale shows the level of mean-motion diffusion, log10 D. Blue to navy orbits are stable, while yellow to red orbits are chaotic. The step size of eccentricity is Δe = 0.005. The step sizes of semimajor axis are Δa = 0.005 AU (top-left panel), Δa = 0.01 AU (top-right panel), and Δa = 0.05 AU (bottom panels). White crosses represent the best-fitted a and e with their 1σ errors. Black dotted line is the orbit crossing line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stellar-parameters-for-hd-4732-1tn5bfgn.png Table 1 Stellar Parameters for HD 4732 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-h-r-diagram-for-hd-4732-pairs-of-evolutionary-391eptre.png Figure 1. H-R diagram for HD 4732. Pairs of evolutionary tracks from Lejeune & Schaerer (2001) for stars with Z = 0.02 (solar metallicity; solid lines) and Z = 0.008 (dashed lines) of masses between 1 and 3M are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectra-in-the-region-of-ca-h-lines-stars-with-fx2wdxm8.png Figure 2. Spectra in the region of Ca H lines. Stars with similar spectral type to HD 4732 in our sample are also shown. A vertical offset of about 0.3 is added to each spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-phase-plot-for-hd-4732b-p-360-days-after-2g3ym6nf.png Figure 4. Left: phase plot for HD 4732b (P = 360 days), after removing the signal of the outer planet. Two cycles are shown for clarity. Right: radial velocity observations for HD 4732c (P = 2732 days), after removing the signal of the inner planet. The symbols have the same meaning as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-planet-fit-for-hd-4732-radial-velocities-the-1cpyjk6t.png Figure 3. Two-planet fit for HD 4732 radial velocities. The planets have periods of 360 and 2732 days, and the rms about this fit is 7.09 m s−1. OAO data are shown as filled black circles, and AAT data are filled cyan circles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-oao-radial-velocities-for-hd-4732-3vldpas8.png Table 2 OAO Radial Velocities for HD 4732 https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-algorithm-for-enumerating-bipartite-perfect-matchings-1ncgugjnmr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-instance-of-dg-g-m-bold-lines-are-edges-of-m-arcs-a-3c56x997.png Fig. 2. An instance of DG(G,M). Bold lines are edges of M. Arcs a, b, c, d, e and f are included in no directed cycle. a, b, d and e are included in no perfect matching, and c and f are included in all the perfect matchings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-partitioning-a-problem-e1-is-composed-of-2dqm0ytc.png Fig. 1. An example of partitioning a problem: E1 is composed of e1 and e2, and E2 is composed of e3 and e4. M ′ is obtained from M with an alternating cycle (1,2,3,4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-instance-of-dg-dotted-lines-are-arcs-of-dg-g-m-not-1bglmkh3.png Fig. 3. An instance of DG′: dotted lines are arcs of DG(G, M) not in DG′, and each dotted circle is DG′i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-instance-of-re-selected-e1-f1-f2-and-e2-f3-f4-the-pz2ia0dz.png Fig. 4. An instance of re-selected E1 = {f1, f2} and E2 = {f3, f4}. The circle is a subgraph with a large number of arcs. https://scispace.com/papers/a-family-tree-of-optical-transients-from-narrow-line-seyfert-3j6ina1t2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-ztf-sample-of-flares-in-blue-as-v3gp5z3y.png Figure 6. Comparison of the ZTF sample of flares (in blue), as well as discovery spectra for the NLSy1-related events from the literature (in black): changing-look LINER AT2018dyk (Frederick et al. 2019), TDE in NLSy1 PS16dtm (Blanchard et al. 2017), optical transients in NLSy1s CSS100217 (Drake et al. 2011) and PS110adi (Kankare et al. 2017), and Bowen fluorescent flare AT2017bgt (Trakhtenbrot et al. 2019a), and their pre-event spectra when available (in gray). For AT2019fdr and AT2019avd here and in Figure 7, we plot the spectra after continuum fading rather than the discovery spectra to display the features used in the spectroscopic classification scheme discussed in Section 4.3. AT2019fdr and AT2019avd show offset blue peaks in Hβ, and the peak of H II is offset from 4686 Å in AT2020hle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-spectroscopic-follow-up-of-the-sample-summarized-3uxw3aoj.png Figure 12. Spectroscopic follow-up of the sample summarized in Table 1, showing the evolution of the H II, Hβ, and Fe II line complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-approximate-linear-amplification-factors-for-various-397huty2.png Table 2 Approximate Linear Amplification Factors for Various Wavebands Measured from ZTF Difference Imaging (r), Swift UVOT (UVW2), Swift XRT, and NEOWISE (W2), Respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gaussian-fits-to-the-ha-n-ii-hb-and-h-ii-line-16ysnjnl.png Figure 5. Gaussian fits to the Hα+[N II], Hβ, and H II line profiles of all transients in the sample show that their Balmer lines have an FWHM consistent with (and Lorentzian Balmer profiles characteristic of) that of narrow-line Seyfert 1 s. The offset blue peak in the Hβ profile of AT2019fdr is marked by a vertical line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-we-compare-the-spectra-of-the-transient-sample-in-1wmhcgyh.png Figure 9. We compare the spectra of the transient sample (in black) to archetypal NLSy1 Mrk 618, as well as a normal Type IIn SN, SN 2005bx (Kiewe et al. 2012), and AT2019dsg, a normal TDE in a star-forming galaxy with Bowen fluorescence features and a coincident neutrino detection (Stein et al. 2021; van Velzen et al. 2021), in gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-ztf-g-and-r-band-difference-3rlscgh0.png Figure 1. Comparison of the ZTF g- and r-band difference imaging light-curve shapes and absolute magnitudes of the sample. AT2019fdr decreases before reaching a second plateau stage and undergoes significant reddening after the first plateau while the others never do. AT2019pev rises again symmetrically after decreasing to preflare levels, as does AT2019avd. The light curves have been shifted in absolute magnitude space for visual purposes, as indicated alongside the object name. Overlap of the g and r light curves reflects true colors such that the initial colors approach g − r = 0 mag for all transients in the sample. Observations at other wavelengths are shown in Figure 2. Spectroscopic epochs are labeled for each light curve with an “S” below AT2019fdr and AT2020hle and above the rest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-panel-an-absorbed-power-law-fit-and-ratio-3pctek1m.png Figure 8. Left panel: an absorbed power-law fit and ratio residuals to the ∼100 ks stacked Swift XRT spectrum of AT2019pev (spectral index Γ = 2.7 ± 0.1). Right panel: the ∼4 ks stacked spectrum of AT2019avd (Γ = 5.7 ± 0.5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-black-hole-mass-measurements-of-the-sample-from-2vv7qexz.png Table 3 Black Hole Mass Measurements of the Sample from Optical Spectra and Host Galaxy Properties https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-approach-for-perceptually-based-fitting-strokes-into-45q7p1wcfg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-these-are-not-ellipses-1rbt3t6p.png Figure 10: These are not ellipses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fitting-of-the-12-strokes-of-the-set-c-used-in-the-3dvn8kck.png Figure 8: Fitting of the 12 strokes of the set “c” used in the Experiment #4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fitting-of-the-12-strokes-of-the-set-b-used-in-4jg70qj7.png Figure 7: Fitting of the 12 strokes of the set “b” used in Experiment #3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parameters-to-determine-whether-the-stroke-depicts-2ofnmfa1.png Figure 5: Parameters to determine whether the stroke depicts an arc that covers a small angle of an ellipse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nearly-polygonal-stroke-fitted-by-5p-left-dir-3kfitkh0.png Figure 3: Nearly polygonal stroke fitted by 5P (left), DIR (middle) and GEF (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elongated-5p-fits-2xaa2a5d.png Figure 1: Elongated 5P fits. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-exploration-of-very-deep-soil-layers-by-eucalyptus-4043fhesfo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-in-specific-root-length-a-specific-root-area-b-3jwelbyu.png Fig. 4. Changes in specific root length (a), specific root area (b) and mean diameter of fine roots (c) with soil depth for four Eucalyptus genotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-physical-and-chemical-soil-properties-across-2s0gb3jk.png Table 1 Main physical and chemical soil properties across all the sampling positions in blocks 1 a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-characteristics-of-the-stands-at-2-years-of-age-1n49r869.png Table 2 Main characteristics of the stands at 2 years of age (the values in blocks 1 and 2 are given between parenthesis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fine-root-distributions-a-and-gravimetric-water-34pdwkl1.png Fig. 1. Fine root distributions (a) and gravimetric water contents (b) down to the root front for 4 Eucalyptus genotypes at age 2 years. Mean values for 4 independent positions are indicated (sampling at 2 distances from different trees). The dashed line in figure (b) shows the gravimetric water contents during the first rainy season after replanting, on February 14th 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-stand-height-and-root-front-depth-for-each-dfdtgnl5.png Fig. 3. Mean stand height and root front depth for each Eucalyptus genotype at age 2 years. Vertical bars indicate standard deviations between sampling positions for root front depth (n = 4) and trees measured in the inner plots for height (n = 96). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-characteristics-of-fine-roots-and-leaves-for-b8oene9w.png Table 3 Main characteristics of fine roots and leaves for the four genotypes at 2 years of age (the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cumulated-fraction-of-fine-root-lengths-down-to-the-jdcs4zga.png Fig. 2. Cumulated fraction of fine root lengths down to the root front (m) at age 2 years for four Eucalyptus genotypes. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-filter-for-real-time-image-processing-4hvvoy7yv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shows-the-original-image-yogourt-figs-8-11-are-the-1s3yjsgz.png Fig. 7 shows the original image “Yogourt.” Figs. 8-11 are the filtered images processed with different scaling https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-monolithic-active-pixel-sensor-with-pixel-level-reset-2q7v02yse9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-the-pixel-and-the-readout-v5ztiukd.png TABLE I CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PIXEL AND THE READOUT ESTIMATED FROM MEASUREMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-output-analog-signal-from-32-pixels-of-a-column-3ebk5ciy.png Fig. 6. Output analog signal from 32 pixels of a column recorded on a scope (20 mV/div.) a) with few small-amplitude hits, and b) with multiple highamplitude hits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-proposed-dc-coupled-pixel-and-b-3u4cdx9u.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the proposed DC-coupled pixel and, (b) related timing (clocking stimuli) with fCK=100 MHz. RD, CALIB and LATCH signals are used by the column readout circuitry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-the-proposed-ac-coupled-pixel-and-b-392n9pe9.png Fig. 2. a) Schematic of the proposed AC-coupled pixel, and b) principle of the direct AC coupling of the auto-reverse polarized charge sensitive element and the amplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-block-diagram-b-layout-and-c-photography-of-the-1ihuhk1m.png Fig. 3. a) Block diagram, b) layout and c) photography of the realized prototype chip. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bloc-diagram-of-the-offset-compensated-comparator-3i7jj1de.png Fig. 4. Bloc diagram of the offset compensated comparator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-output-analog-signal-from-12-pixels-of-a-column-3pz58n2l.png Fig. 5. Output analog signal from 12 pixels of a column recorded on a scope (50 mV/div.). The useful signal for each pixel is the difference between these two levels, normally extracted by the column readout circuitry. A highamplitude hit is clearly detected on pixel (n) during the read phase, corresponding to full energy deposition of the X photon. Other hits appear distinctly. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fast-spatial-patch-blending-algorithm-for-artefact-3urydnow4s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-a-spatial-patch-blending-zoomed-from-2vpegd0m.png Figure 3: Results of a spatial patch blending (zoomed). From left to right : masked image, result of patch-based inpainting [Criminisi et al. 2004], result of [Daisy et al. 2013]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-with-several-state-of-the-art-methods-1173hz2g.png Figure 6: Comparison with several state-of-the-art methods (zoomed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-execution-time-comparison-between-ym7h8e2x.png Figure 5: Illustration of execution time comparison between our method, method of [Daisy et al. 2013], with state-of-the-art methods. The less, the better. https://scispace.com/papers/a-few-aspects-of-transonychial-water-loss-towl-inter-3d3j3jjphg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fingernail-towl-of-left-and-right-hands-in-one-19sl43mf.png Figure 3 : Fingernail TOWL of left () and right (□) hands in one individual, measured on the same day. Right fingernail plate thicknesses were: 0.555, 0.541, 0.462, 0.412 and 0.393 for thumb, index, middle, ring and little finger, while left fingernail thicknesses were 0.567, 0.494, 0.452, 0.407 and 0.378 mm respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-influence-of-nail-finger-and-toe-plate-2mjaa296.png Figure 2 : The influence of nail (finger and toe) plate thickness on TOWL in 2 individuals, Individual 1 (); Individual 2 (□). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-in-towl-upon-filing-the-nail-plate-surface-2i41pshv.png Figure 6: Change in TOWL upon filing the nail plate surface; Individual 2 fingernail (); Individual 2 toenail (); Individual 1 fingernail (). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-fingernail-towl-in-3-individuals-individual-1-21hy7o9n.png Figure 1 : Left fingernail TOWL in 3 individuals: Individual 1 (); Individual 2 (□); Individual 3 (). For each individual, all TOWL values were measured on the same day. However TOWL for the 3 individuals were measured on 3 different days due to time constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-changes-in-towl-following-the-application-of-nail-2go3ufbv.png Figure 7 : Changes in TOWL following the application of nail varnish and its removal; Nailon (); Curanail (); Teflon Tuff (□); Penlac (Δ); Cosmetic varnish (). The data shows means ± SD of 3 measurements on the left index fingernail. Similar profiles were obtained for the left middle finger, right index, and left and right middle fingers and toenails (data not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sequential-towl-readings-after-removal-of-flfzkoc8.png Figure 5 : Sequential TOWL readings after removal of fingernail from waterbath. Topmost to bottom curves are for water incubation times of 1200, 600, 300, 120, 60, 40, 20 and 0 seconds. Inset of Figure 5 shows TOWL following fingernail incubation in water for defined durations (0-1200 seconds). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-toenail-towl-in-2-individuals-towl-could-only-be-22aq193c.png Table 1 : Toenail TOWL in 2 individuals. TOWL could only be measured for the big toes where the nailplate had an area that was sufficient for probe application. For each individual, the TOWL values were measured on the same day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-humidity-and-finger-toe-nail-towl-measured-2zzfdzdc.png Figure 4 : Relative humidity and finger/toe nail TOWL measured for the same nails on 8 days. Humidity (); Toenail (left ■; right○); Left fingernail (middle ◊; index ■). https://scispace.com/papers/a-floodplain-restoration-project-on-the-river-rhone-france-3e97d6mdj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-potential-constraints-on-and-driving-forces-behind-36ummqx8.png Table 1: Potential constraints on and driving forces behind implementation of floodplain restoration projects according to the literature https://scispace.com/papers/a-food-packaging-use-case-for-argumentation-42ajvgyx1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-add-a-concept-based-on-a-defined-attribute-in-the-3mq4jrpc.png Fig. 4. Add a concept based on a defined attribute in the packaging database. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-architecture-of-the-argumentation-system-3iis6nhz.png Fig. 2. The architecture of the argumentation system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-add-a-concept-based-which-is-not-related-to-the-1gfy332a.png Fig. 5. Add a concept based which is not related to the database. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-add-a-concept-not-currently-supported-in-the-packaging-3g2bpvnk.png Fig. 6. Add a concept not currently supported in the packaging database but suggested for addition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-final-result-after-running-the-multi-criteria-im9snopj.png Fig. 13. The final result after running the multi-criteria querying process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-export-delivered-attributes-to-a-database-for-the-17mz2ut0.png Fig. 11. Export delivered attributes to a database for the querying process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-selecting-the-preferences-associated-with-the-end-of-abmg8dfn.png Fig. 12. Selecting the preferences associated with the end of life view point to complete the query with Biodegradable = true. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-global-insight-of-the-dss-1zkox09m.png Fig. 1. Global insight of the DSS. https://scispace.com/papers/a-forgotten-fact-about-the-standard-deviation-1w8qnxjhlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-simulation-to-determine-the-standard-45s5hosp.png Table 1 Results of the simulation to determine the standard deviation of small sampling sizes https://scispace.com/papers/a-force-based-bilateral-teleoperation-framework-for-aerial-5c8mg6ht08 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-screenshots-of-the-first-a-and-second-b-scenarios-3vkb3q5o.png Fig. 5: Screenshots of the first (a) and second (b) scenarios designed for the human-in-the-loop simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3d-position-of-the-robot-during-the-simulation-3o1qwl5w.png Fig. 6: 3D position of the robot during the simulation performed in the first scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-proposed-teleoperation-1eyqrari.png Fig. 1: Schematic representation of the proposed teleoperation framework. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-of-the-simulation-performed-in-the-first-eh4pr2rf.png Fig. 7: Results of the simulation performed in the first scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-of-the-simulation-performed-in-the-second-ypui60uc.png Fig. 8: Results of the simulation performed in the second scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-position-of-the-uav-a-and-position-of-the-cart-b-3h5n28xg.png Fig. 9: Position of the UAV (a) and position of the cart (b) recorded during the simulation performed in the second scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graphical-representation-of-the-adopted-slowing-down-1sanwblc.png Fig. 3: Graphical representation of the adopted slowing-down policy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-teleoperation-framework-3huvecat.png Fig. 2: Block diagram of the proposed teleoperation framework. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fractional-cointegration-var-analysis-of-islamic-stocks-a-26jntqn4f7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bayesian-t-test-analyses-of-the-effects-of-attention-2wsdv8vs.png Table 1 Bayesian t-test analyses of the effects of attention weighting and associative mediation in each experiment. Bayes factors for Experiment 1 are given for both large (and small) estimated sizes of effects. *strong support for the experimental hypothesis, **decisive support for the experimental hypothesis, †substantial support for the null hypothesis. https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-analyzing-competition-in-the-banking-sector-3csbamz4ki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-spreads-in-jordan-and-peer-economies-2i27zk9o.png Figure 2. Average spreads in Jordan and peer economies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lerner-index-of-market-power-in-banking-for-jordan-1gjj9oz1.png Figure 3. Lerner index of market power in banking for Jordan, 1994-2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-h-statistics-and-equilibrium-tests-for-jordan-and-2dj0yi64.png Table 6: H-statistics and equilibrium tests for Jordan and peer economies https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cross-country-determinants-of-the-h-statistic-3aafsxba.png Table 7: Cross-country determinants of the H-statistic https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regulations-affecting-entry-into-banking-and-bank-2t2yeg61.png Table 2. Regulations Affecting Entry into Banking and Bank Transparency and Disclosure in Jordan and Peer Economies (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-explaining-differences-in-the-h-statistic-between-3rjej56f.png Table 8: Explaining differences in the H-statistic between Jordan and other countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bank-exit-practices-in-jordan-and-peer-economies-1b55713i.png Table 3. Bank exit practices in Jordan and peer economies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regulations-affecting-entry-into-banking-and-bank-3two97hg.png Table 2. Regulations Affecting Entry into Banking and Bank Transparency and Disclosure in Jordan and Peer Economies (cont.) https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-and-empirical-study-of-algorithms-for-37f3wxfodv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-framework-for-tapas-2rhjgh9y.png Figure 4: Framework for TAPAS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-problem-instances-9t1l4k6t.png Table 3: Problem instances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-example-network-3qgh2d26.png Figure 14: Example network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-existing-empirical-studies-high-precision-1dnh2vqx.png Table 2: Summary of existing empirical studies. High precision: RGAP ∈ [10−14, 10−10] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-test-3-convergence-on-the-winnipeg-instance-3exhqd5k.png Figure 13: Test 3. Convergence on the Winnipeg instance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-test-1-cpu-time-s-3v67pcjf.png Figure 6: Test 1. CPU time, s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-existing-empirical-studies-low-precision-2sv6h87b.png Table 1: Summary of existing empirical studies. Low precision: RGAP ∈ [10−7, 10−4] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-framework-for-path-based-algorithms-3ntcbsq9.png Figure 2: Framework for path-based algorithms https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-automated-rating-of-online-reviews-against-1058q1klzx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-star-ratings-8ihngpwp.png Table 4: Star Ratings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-topic-specific-ratings-2hmni5vl.png Figure 2: Example of topic-specific ratings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-framework-for-rating-online-reviews-i7ow6mz0.png Figure 1: Framework for Rating Online Reviews https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-lda-topic-modeling-34spyp5f.png Table 1: Example of LDA topic modeling https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-topic-classification-30szfnlk.png Table 2: Examples of Topic Classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-automatically-computed-sentiment-score-2kyfhkaz.png Table 3: Examples of Automatically Computed Sentiment Score https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-exploring-it-led-change-in-morphing-2ypwoq4xra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impact-of-it-on-organizations-13jrehkh.png Figure 2: Impact of IT on organizations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-organization-architecture-cox-2014-1k0aiboi.png Figure 3: Organization architecture (Cox, 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generic-business-model-cox-2014-39llz0zz.png Figure 1: Generic business model (Cox, 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphing-dimensions-of-a-retail-organization-3jg4y4c5.png Table 1: Morphing dimensions of a retail organization https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-organizational-components-1zc008x2.png Table 2: Comparison of organizational components https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-cross-layer-measurements-in-wireless-27e351wfao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-in-gate-mode-for-each-application-mfhqppva.png Table 1. Parameters used in gate mode for each application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-diagram-of-the-testbed-used-1mk0jxwx.png Figure 1. A diagram of the testbed used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-a-photo-of-the-anechoic-chamber-with-the-27n1b4mo.png Figure 2. (a) A photo of the anechoic chamber with the equipment. The AP is behind the camera. (b) A photo of the oscilloscope displaying the trigger 0.5 ms before an icmp echo request packet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ping-results-92rh6z5g.png Table 2. Ping results https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-itunes-results-for-video-2-2enoijjg.png Table 5. iTunes results for Video 2 https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-extracting-musical-similarities-from-peer-to-f84h2hfunr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-embedding-and-clustering-users-on-a-2-d-space-only-200-2mbv7uf8.png Fig. 3. Embedding and clustering users on a 2-D space (only 200 nearest users to each centroid are shown) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-songs-shared-by-a-sample-100k-users-showing-cumulative-3mhy5aef.png Fig. 2. Songs shared by a sample 100k users, showing cumulative distributions of the number of shared songs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-degree-distribution-of-the-song-similarity-graph-2c7jb7qq.png Fig. 5. Degree distribution of the song similarity graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-gnutella-crawler-browser-data-collections-system-f2y7ztli.png Fig. 1. The Gnutella Crawler-Browser Data Collections System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparing-user-similarity-with-artist-similarity-500-35vdq53g.png Fig. 4. Comparing user similarity with artist similarity (500 random users are shown for brevity) https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-continuous-multimodal-sign-language-4kdese5rhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continuous-spotter-and-classifier-performance-2iouhsfw.png Table 2: Continuous Spotter and Classifier Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continuous-spotter-and-classifier-performance-1rzx0gyy.png Table 3: Continuous Spotter and Classifier Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-the-eight-different-signs-the-system-was-3471307v.png Figure 6: Example of the eight different signs the system was tested on https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-the-three-different-head-movement-3c8ajtmy.png Figure 7: Example of the three different head movement gestures the system was tested on (a) Right Movement (b) Left Movement (c) Left Forward Movement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extracted-features-from-image-13g5c9om.png Figure 1: Extracted Features from Image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-multimodal-gesture-labeling-comparison-of-a-human-3q3vwkjy.png Figure 8: Multimodal gesture labeling comparison of a human interpreter vs. our recognition system https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-auc-measurements-for-different-feature-combinations-189qhwsz.png Table 1: AUC Measurements for Different Feature Combinations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-candidate-gestures-u-after-first-candidate-177pd7ab.png Figure 4: Candidate Gestures, Υ, after first candidate selection step https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-increasing-the-value-of-predictive-data-oaory06m3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-framework-for-finding-new-features-1yfc2v71.png Fig. 1 Framework for finding new features https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-framework-applied-to-the-bank-telemarketing-case-study-2xm4pksc.png Fig. 2 Framework applied to the bank telemarketing case study https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-of-brand-centred-training-and-development-3jw2kql4wu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-best-model-the-structural-model-standardised-374i6kia.png Figure 2: Best model (the structural model, standardised coefficient, t-values and variance explained) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-overall-measurement-model-cfa-xcl8kk5r.png Table 1: The overall measurement model (CFA) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-research-model-1c9rnmow.png Figure 1: Research model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-discriminant-validity-test-chi-square-1bccchbv.png Table 2: Results of the discriminant validity test (Chi-Square Difference Test)* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-constructs-correlation-matrix-2s8su1pq.png Table 3: The constructs correlation matrix https://scispace.com/papers/a-frequency-spectrum-based-processing-framework-for-the-l4eopch7ed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stft-spectra-for-the-selected-application-windows-33z5wl0b.png Figure 4. STFT spectra for the selected application windows https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-error-maps-average-spectra-trend-between-4-5-and-5-1it7ucfl.png Figure 7. Error maps' average spectra trend between 4.5 and 5.5 ns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-investigated-area-2hk6qxl0.png Figure 1. The investigated area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-subdivision-of-the-selected-area-into-application-35jzpbiv.png Figure 3. Subdivision of the selected area into application windows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-radargram-of-the-analysed-scan-the-red-square-251b3268.png Figure 2. Radargram of the analysed scan. The red square identifies the selected application area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-error-maps-for-the-stft-spectra-with-reference-to-1u4e83gg.png Figure 5. Error maps for the STFT spectra, with reference to the window 0 STFT spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selection-of-the-time-window-for-the-analysis-of-250hx8bg.png Figure 6. Selection of the time window for the analysis of the error maps’ spectra trend https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-of-2d-fisher-discriminant-analysis-application-jy6bvcoywn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-and-b-show-the-recognition-rate-of-u2dfda-and-3mm1md7z.png Figure 3: (a) and (b) show the recognition rate of U2DFDA and B2DFDA compared with the other linear subspace methods on the ORL and Yale face database B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-and-b-show-the-optimal-number-of-fisher-feature-o3yigyiv.png Figure 2: (a) and (b) show the optimal number of Fisher feature vector and Eigen feature vector in U2DFDA and 2D-PCA with different number of training samples for each subject on the ORL and YaleB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-u2dfda-and-b2dfda-with-different-2ykptxnd.png Figure 1: Comparison between U2DFDA and B2DFDA with different number of Fisher feature vectors. (a)-(c): Two, three and four training samples respectively for each subject on ORL database; (d)-(f): Two, three and four training samples respectively for each subject on YaleB. https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-for-polyconvex-large-strain-phase-field-methods-2ddkir7bmc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-results-of-the-large-deformation-test-upper-1rykkx0z.png Figure 11: Results of the large deformation test. Upper picture: Phase-field, lower: von Mises stress distribution. Broken elements are removed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-final-phase-field-results-of-mode-i-left-for-3pl1zf0g.png Figure 15: Final phase-field results of mode I (left, for displacement uz = 0.26 × 10−3m), mode II (middle, for displacement ux = 0.37× 10−3m) and mode III (right, for displacement uy1 = −uy2 = −1.74× 10−3m). Results obtained using the two-field (ϕ − s) formulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tension-problem-upper-row-load-deflection-curve-for-1vidfvs9.png Figure 6: Tension problem, upper row: Load-deflection curve for the tension problem and phase-field results for the fully broken state. Results obtained with the Hu-Washizu mixed variational formulation. Lower Row: von Mises stress distribution at the crack tip. Left: Two-field (ϕ − s) formulation, right: Hu-Washizu mixed variational formulation. Note the different colorbar ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shear-problem-phase-field-results-for-displacements-29hw5xzf.png Figure 7: Shear problem: Phase-field results for displacements of ux = [8.5, 10.5, 1.22]× 10−6 m using the Neo-Hookean model with an anisotropic split of the principal invariants (upper row) and for displacements of ux = [8.5, 10.5, 11.05] × 10−6 m using the Neo-Hookean model with an anisotropic split of the principal eigenvalues (lower row). In both a parameter of ag = 0.1 is used for the cubic degradation function. Results obtained with the two-field (ϕ − s) formulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-von-mises-stress-results-of-mode-i-left-for-3fpqlyv9.png Figure 14: Von Mises stress results of mode I (left, for displacement uz = 0.26 × 10−3m), mode II (middle, for displacement ux = 0.37× 10−3m) and mode III (right, for displacement uy1 = −uy2 = −1.74× 10−3m). Results obtained using the two-field (ϕ − s) formulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tension-problem-phase-field-results-for-2bhiicde.png Figure 2: Tension problem: Phase-field results for displacements of uy = [4.73, 4.83, 4.98] × 10−6 m using the cubic degradation function with ag = 0.1 (upper row) and for displacements of uy = [4.47, 4.69, 4.83]×10−6 m using the quadratic degradation function (lower row). Results for the Neo-Hookean model with anisotropic split of the invariants are presented. Results obtained with the two-field (ϕ − s) formulation. https://scispace.com/papers/a-framework-to-support-requirements-analysis-in-engineering-5amprj3x3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-checklist-structure-with-associated-data-source-the-3qoczg7q.png Figure 8. Checklist structure with associated data source The checklist is used as a key to identify these sources. Both formal and informal data captured from these sources are organized with the checklist structure where each checklist is related to one or many other data sources as shown in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-checklist-matrix-based-on-house-of-quality-oncegyee.png Figure 9. The checklist matrix based on house of quality method (adapted from Akao et al. 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-information-block-diagram-and-uml-class-diagram-of-iy01geoi.png Figure 10. Information block diagram and UML class diagram of maintenance guidelines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-cora-se-framework-2jqptswr.png Figure 5. The CORA/SE framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-use-of-existing-requirement-specification-to-3ldzlg64.png Figure 14. The use of existing requirement specification to set target values In addition to setting target values, physical quantity symbols and units dimensions are also assigned to each criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-analysis-to-identify-information-and-dependencies-1bt9e6q4.png Figure 13. Analysis to identify information and dependencies between requirements Most non-functional requirements are often unbounded, i. . making relative statements that cannot be verified, as for example “simple maintenance." These requirements have to be restated to define specific bounds in order to transform them to be validatable. In this case, the requirement is first modelled (Figure 13) to identify https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-three-dimensions-of-re-adapted-from-phl-1994-2i4yfdqi.png Table 5. The Three Dimensions of RE (adapted from Phl, 1994) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-checklist-requirements-structure-model-the-1l3c29mc.png Figure 6. Checklist requirements structure model The checklist is intended to support a structured analysis process as well as to manage data. Structure analysis is an organized method requiring a broad appeal to knowledge, for partitioning a complex problem into smaller problems better matched to human and team proportion to solve (Grady 2006). The checklist model is based on four structures (see Figure 6). On top is the checklist requirement structure which discriminates the requirements into functions and non-functions with various categories. Functions are logically decomposed into smaller entities and interactions with non-functional categories established. A function structure is composed to encourage a clearer formulation of the requirements. The function structure is also used to decompose the complex product to set up sub-systems (i.e. assemblies) to induce more requirements based on the checklist. The sub-system is materialized by the preliminary parts structure which helps in linking requirements to design solutions in subsequent design phase. One important aspect during the requirements analysis process is verifying that the requirements are satisfied in every phase. In SysML, the unified checklist is modelled as stereotypes (i.e. user defined notations) (Figure 7. https://scispace.com/papers/a-fuzzy-model-for-human-fall-detection-in-infrared-video-2fhenqqs78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-from-left-to-right-representation-of-the-linguistic-18qinm6d.png Fig. 2. From left to right, representation of the linguistic variables “WidthToHeightRatio”, “VelocityChange” and “HeightChange”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-some-static-falls-a-two-top-rows-a-frontal-fall-14to6w5x.png Fig. 4. Some static falls. (a) Two top rows: a frontal fall (captured from a lateral - frontal view). (b) Third row: a backward fall from a “sitting” position. (c) Two last rows: a lateral fall from a “sitting” position (captured from a lateral view). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-confusion-matrix-for-classification-of-falls-389l9vml.png Table 3 Confusion matrix for classification of falls https://scispace.com/papers/a-fuzzy-rough-approach-for-case-base-maintenance-2si4itgyfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fuzzy-knowledge-base-1qphfqu6.png Table 1 Fuzzy Knowledge Base https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-the-number-of-adaptation-rules-between-36fhexu9.png Table 7. Comparison the number of adaptation rules between the fuzzy decision tree and fuzzy-rough method https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-average-error-after-deletion-1b7u9mem.png Table 8. Average error after deletion https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reachability-and-coverage-of-each-case-in-cluster-3-34ie52wg.png Table 5. Reachability and coverage of each case in cluster 3 of the rice case-base https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rice-taste-datat-sizes-of-headings-1mp5y5j9.png Table 2. Rice taste datat sizes of headings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-clusters-of-the-rice-case-base-nsmly9wm.png Table 4. Clusters of the rice case-base https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-five-membership-functions-58yht3rc.png Figure 1. Five membership functions https://scispace.com/papers/a-gallium-hydride-as-an-oxidizing-agent-direct-synthesis-of-zza8rl4hyn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-pcy3-the-heavy-atom-skeleton-of-the-cationic-ch2au9gt.png Figure 3. 2-PCy3: the heavy atom skeleton of the cationic component as determined by X-ray crystallography (left), and the corresponding DFTcalculated structure (right). For X-ray structure: anion and most hydrogen atoms omitted, and aryl/Cy substituents shown in wireframe format for clarity; displacement ellipsoids shown at the 40% probability level. Key bond lengths (Å) and angles (o): Ir(1)-Ga(2) 2.3877(7), Ga(2)-N(3) 1.968(5), Ga(2)-N(20) 1.931(5), Ir(1)-P(34) 2.2611(14), Ir(1)-P(53) 2.3900(14), P(34)-Ir(1)-P(53) 109.87(3), Ir(1)-Ga(2)-C(18) 174.61, P(53)-Ir(1)-Ga(2) 103.13(4), P(34)-Ir(1)Ga(2) 144.37(4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphs-of-t1-relaxation-times-at-500-mhz-for-2-dppp-28vtvcw1.png Figure 2. Graphs of T1 relaxation times (at 500 MHz) for 2-dppp (left) and 2- PCy3 (right) as a function of temperature (line included as guide to the eye). The values of T1(min) derived from these data are 391 and 68 ms, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structures-upper-of-2-dppp-as-determined-2vqd7ra7.png Figure 1. Molecular structures (upper) of 2-dppp as determined by X-ray diffraction, and (lower) of 2-dcype as determined by X-ray (left) and neutron diffraction (right). Anion and most H-atoms omitted, and aryl/Cy substituents shown in wireframe format for clarity; displacement ellipsoids shown at the 40% probability level. Key bond lengths (Å) and angles (o): 2-dppp: Ir(1)-Ga(2) 2.3389(5), Ga(2)-N(3) 1.917(3), Ga(2)-N(19) 1.904(3), Ir(1)-P(50) 2.3204(10), Ir(1)-P(34) 2.3093(10), P(34)-Ir(1)-P(50) 90.69(4) Ir(1)-Ga(2)-C(17) 172.1, P(50)-Ir(1)-Ga(2) 131.60(3), P(34)-Ir(1)-Ga(2) 129.84(3). 2-dcype: (from X-ray) Ir(1)-Ga(2) 2.3419(4), Ir(1)-P(34) 2.3205(8), Ir(1)-P(43) 2.3367(8), Ga(2)-N(3) 1.929(3), Ga(2)-N(19) 1.922(3), P(34)-Ir(1)- P(43) 84.56(3), Ga(2)-Ir(1)-P(34) 128.39(2), Ga(2)-Ir(1)-P(43) 135.40(2); (from neutron) Ir(1)-H(11) 1.64(1), Ir(1)-H(12) 1.58(1), Ir(1)-H(13) 1.66(1), Ir(1)-H(14) 1.73(1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-molecular-structure-of-3-as-determined-by-x-ray-3apb2jxq.png Figure 4. Molecular structure of 3 as determined by X-ray diffraction. Anion and most hydrogen atoms omitted, and aryl substituents shown in wireframe format for clarity; displacement ellipsoids shown at the 40% probability level. Key bond lengths (Å) and angles (o): Ir(1)-Ga(2) 2.3488(8), Ga(2)-N(3) 1.932(6), Ga(2)-N(15) 1.916(6), Ir(1)-P(28) 2.315(2), Ir(1)-P(38) 2.339(2), Ir(1)C(3) 2.334(8), Ir(1)-C(15) 2.263(7), C(3)-C(15) 1.388(1), Ir(1)-Ga(2)-C(13) 150.22, P(28)-Ir(1)-P(38) 94.77(8), P(28)-Ir(1)-Ga(2) 152.28(6), P(38)-Ir(1)Ga(2) 106.03(6). https://scispace.com/papers/a-generic-view-on-trace-and-revoke-broadcast-encryption-otj5wippz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-security-experiments-for-traceability-and-sid-5ey6rmhc.png Fig. 1. Security experiments for traceability and sid-traceability of an RKEM. https://scispace.com/papers/a-generic-quantitative-approach-to-the-scheduling-of-57p9bne77c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-two-cases-of-eq-9-2ilsxq4t.png Fig. 5. The two cases of Eq. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-performance-as-a-function-of-and-ber-for-scenario-1hz3b5nj.png Fig. 11. The performance as a function of and BER for Scenario C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-performance-as-a-function-of-and-lookahead-ratio-1jyyp1ke.png Fig. 10. The performance as a function of and lookahead ratio when synchronous load is 60% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-three-tasks-of-the-proposed-scheduling-algorithm-2piw2qcq.png Fig. 1. The three tasks of the proposed scheduling algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-loss-rate-vs-jitter-and-load-for-voip-packets-6w1b1xus.png Fig. 2. The loss rate vs. jitter and load for VoIP packets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-performance-as-a-function-of-and-lookahead-ratio-2zccsyti.png Fig. 9. The performance as a function of and lookahead ratio when synchronous load is 30% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-function-3ncrwnty.png Fig. 6. The function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-3d-2x3x8-expected-profit-matrix-with-2-calls-3-phy-374a9lr0.png Fig. 3. A 3D (2x3x8) expected profit matrix with 2 calls, 3 PHY profiles and 8 slots https://scispace.com/papers/a-genetic-risk-score-predicts-coronary-artery-disease-in-aaagb1epz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-cad-grs-in-mutation-negative-and-25bmrend.png Figure 1: Distribution of CAD GRS in mutation-negative and mutation-positive FH patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-cad-grs-and-clinical-1bhocbaf.png Table 2: Association between CAD GRS and clinical characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-logistic-regression-analysis-of-the-2es14mct.png Table 3: Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the association between CAD GRS and history of CAD in mutation-positive FH https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-logistic-regression-analysis-of-the-1b4qeb2t.png Table 4: Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the association between CAD GRS and history of CAD in mutation-negative FH https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multivariate-linear-regression-analysis-of-the-3e6kubhn.png Table 5: Multivariate linear regression analysis of the association between CAD GRS and https://scispace.com/papers/a-gis-tool-for-analysis-and-interpretation-of-coastal-5ew2nwu623 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-2ihfye20.png Fig. 1. Study area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-impacts-estimation-dialog-of-scapegis-vx03koap.png Fig. 5. The Impacts Estimation dialog of SCAPEGIS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-areas-lost-and-at-risk-on-the-cliff-top-all-other-1dr0h9yz.png Fig. 4. Areas lost and at risk on the cliff-top. All other areas are considered safe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-example-of-estimated-cliff-top-retreat-for-2100-2i1vzebc.png Fig. 6. An example of estimated cliff-top retreat for 2100 showing both recession lines (under scenario 43 – see Table 1). Land seaward of the right hand (yellow) line is assumed to be lost, while land between the two lines is at risk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-defining-the-45-scenarios-used-in-the-4qof313r.png Table 1. Summary defining the 45 scenarios used in the analysis in terms of relative sea-level rise, wave conditions (indicated by Hs low, etc.) and management approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-main-dialog-of-scapegis-28hfpruu.png Fig. 2. The main dialog of SCAPEGIS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-residential-property-density-on-areas-subject-to-land-2h75d45e.png Fig 8. Residential property density on areas subject to land loss, versus the amount of protection. Results are shown for a range of climate scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-input-and-visualisation-dialog-of-scapegis-38ok2ciq.png Fig. 3. The input and visualisation dialog of SCAPEGIS https://scispace.com/papers/a-gis-based-three-dimensional-landslide-generated-waves-ssnj59tnlm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-coordinate-system-conversion-149-to-facilitate-24hpqnf0.png Fig. 4. Coordinate system conversion. 149 To facilitate subsequent calculations, the XOY coordinate system was converted to 150 an X ´CY ´ coordinate system. The X ´-axis direction was defined as the sliding direction 151 of the landslide. The right-hand rule determined the positive directions of the Y ´- and 152 Z-axes. In addition, point O, i.e., the origin of the XOY coordinate system, was 153 translated to point C in the X ´CY ´ coordinate system, as shown in Fig. 4. The 154 transformation of the coordinates can be expressed as follows: 155 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-computational-process-265-4-case-study-266-etn66gn9.png Fig. 7. The computational process. 265 4. Case study 266 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-172-1ib33qef.png Fig. 5. 172 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-force-analysis-in-the-vertical-direction-and-sliding-2impanjw.png Fig. 5. 172 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-grid-column-unit-model-a-3d-view-of-landslide-b-3d-3rtcyd6e.png Fig. 1. Grid column unit model ((a) 3D view of landslide, (b) 3D view of one column). 86 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculation-results-286-2weh9xd3.png Table 1 Calculation results 286 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-horizontal-acceleration-curve-with-the-sliding-time-osr9ab5q.png Fig. 10. Horizontal acceleration curve with the sliding time. 297 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-force-analysis-of-one-grid-column-96-3-the-external-9r2qcwik.png Fig. 2. Force analysis of one grid column. 96 (3) The external loads on the ground surface are represented by P; the direction of 97 P is the Z-axis, and these external loads act at the centre of the top of the grid column. 98 (4) The normal and shear stresses on the slip surface are represented by σ and τ, 99 respectively. The normal stress is perpendicular to the slip surface, and the shear stress 100 is in the sliding direction of the landslide. The normal and shear stresses act at the 101 centroid of the bottom of the grid column. 102 (5) The pore water pressure on the slip surface is u. 103 (6) The horizontal tangential forces on the left and right sides of a grid column are 104 T and T+△T, respectively; the vertical tangential forces on the left and right sides of a 105 grid column are R and R+△R, respectively; the normal forces on the left and right sides 106 of a grid column are F and F+△F, respectively; the horizontal tangential forces on the 107 front and rear sides of a grid column are E and E+ΔE, respectively; the vertical 108 tangential forces on the front and rear sides of a grid column are V and V+△V, 109 respectively; and the normal forces on the front and rear sides of a grid column are H 110 and H+△H, respectively. For convenience, the resultant force between columns in the 111 sliding direction of the landslide is defined as ΔD. 112 2.3. The spatial relationships among parameters 113 Fig. 3 shows the 3D spatial relationships among parameters on the slip surface. θ 114 https://scispace.com/papers/a-global-land-aerosol-fine-mode-fraction-dataset-2001-2020-1mw3duf54j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-technical-flowchart-for-the-production-of-the-eevh6jfr.png Figure 2: Technical flowchart for the production of the global land FMF product. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-seasonal-mean-fmf-averaged-from-2008-to-2013-based-2jupcr87.png Figure 11: Seasonal mean FMF, averaged from 2008 to 2013, based on (from top to bottom) Phy-DL, MISR, MODIS, and POLDER. Columns from left to right are for spring, summer, autumn, and winter. 450 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-global-distribution-of-phy-dl-fmf-mean-values-3ogi6x2h.png Figure 4: (a) Global distribution of Phy-DL FMF mean values over the 2001–2020 period. Only those pixels with over 120 retrievals yr-1 were considered. (b) Global distribution of Phy-DL FMF linear trends from 2001 to 2020. Only those pixels with trends at the 95% significance level were considered. The red and blue dots represent AERONET stations with increasing and decreasing linear trends, 230 respectively, at the 95% significance level. (c) Global monthly mean Phy-DL FMF (red line) and AERONET FMF (blue line). The shaded https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phy-dl-red-phy-based-blue-and-dl-based-fmf-green-1q9h9ps0.png Figure 6: Phy-DL (red), Phy-based (blue), and DL-based FMF (green) estimation compared with AERONET FMFs for AOD > 0.2 (at 500 285 nm, using data from 2008 to 2017). (a) The dots and the error bars indicate the means and standard deviations of the FMF estimates in 20 bins of AERONET FMF. The solid blue and red lines are the best-fit lines from linear regression. The black dashed line represents the 1:1 line. Linear regression relations and correlation coefficients (R) are given. (b) Boxplots of bias (estimated FMF minus AERONET FMF) and percentage of FMF estimates falling within the EE envelope of ±20 % (dotted, dashed lines) as a function of land type. The upper, middle, and lower lines in each box presents the 75th, median, and 25th percentiles, respectively. The diamond in each box represents the 290 mean value of the FMF bias. (c) The RMSE for each land type against that of the AERONET FMFs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-phy-dl-fmf-at-500-nm-as-a-function-of-aeronet-fmf-1ivwbo68.png Figure 3: (a) Phy-DL FMF at 500 nm as a function of AERONET FMF. The black and red solid lines are the 1:1 line and the best-fit line obtained from linear regression, respectively. The black dashed and dotted lines represent the expected error (EE) envelopes of ±20% and ±40%, respectively. (b) Box plots of the FMF bias (estimated FMF minus AERONET FMF) as a function of AERONET FMF. The black horizontal dashed line indicates the zero bias. The red dot in each box represents the mean value of the FMF bias. The upper, middle, and 190 lower horizontal lines in each box show the 75th, median, and 25th percentiles, respectively. The blue dots connected by the dashed curve are percentages of FMF retrievals falling within the EE envelope of ±20%. (c) Global distribution of percentages of Phy-DL FMFs falling within the EE envelope of ±20% at the AERONET sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-annual-mean-fmfs-based-on-a-phy-dl-b-polder-c-misr-3b3pp0py.png Figure 9: Annual mean FMFs based on (a) Phy-DL, (b) POLDER, (c) MISR, and (d) MODIS. The colored dots show annual mean AERONET FMFs. Areas outlined in black circles show regions with noticeably large differences in the FMF estimates. Only those pixels with over 120 retrievals yr-1 were considered in the Phy-DL estimation. Data from 2008 to 2013 were averaged. 395 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evaluation-of-a-misr-550-nm-b-polder-490-nm-c-modis-1tizhj9g.png Figure 8: Evaluation of (a) MISR (550 nm), (b) POLDER (490 nm), (c) MODIS (550 nm), and (d) Phy-DL FMFs (500 nm) against AERONET FMFs (500 nm) from 2008 to 2013. Black and red solid lines are 1:1 reference lines and best-fit lines from linear regression, respectively. Black dashed and dotted lines represent the EE envelopes of ±20% and ±40%, respectively. The number of samples (N), RMSE, 370 correlation coefficient (R), and linear regression relation are given in each panel. (e) Probability density functions of the FMF bias (estimated FMF minus AERONET FMF) for MISR (blue), POLDER (orange), MODIS (red), and Phy-DL (green) FMFs. https://scispace.com/papers/a-group-specific-measure-of-intergenerational-persistence-3l24yhehkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decompositions-of-intergenerational-persistence-24o8sxoo.png Table 1 Decompositions of Intergenerational Persistence Measures By Race and Region https://scispace.com/papers/a-high-order-finite-volume-method-for-systems-of-2chc57qoik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-the-edgepd-dij-using-the-cellpd-of-the-3j2nzlyv.png Table 1 Evaluation of the EdgePD dij using the CellPD of the two neighbor elements. Analytic formula on first line. Examples on the second line where CellPD are surrounded in red and EdgePD for internal edges are in black. Missing cells are assumed to have CellPD equal to 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sod-shock-tube-problem-density-and-x1-velocity-3pnwo3eq.png Fig. 8. Sod shock tube problem: Density and x1-velocity solutions on 100 × 10 uniform mesh for (a-b): MLP — (c-d): MOOD-P1 — (e-f): MOOD-P2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sod-shock-tube-problem-non-uniform-100-x-10-mesh-top-wriyduyl.png Fig. 9. Sod shock tube problem: Non-uniform 100 × 10 mesh (Top) — Density and x1-velocity solutions on the above mesh for (a-b): MLP — (c-d): MOOD-P1 — (e-f): MOOD-P2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-l1-and-l-errors-and-convergence-rates-for-the-dst-on-m6l64ouy.png Table 6 L1 and L∞ errors and convergence rates for the DST on non-uniform meshes with FV and MLP methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-l1-and-l-errors-and-convergence-rates-for-the-dst-on-34h0livc.png Table 7 L1 and L∞ errors and convergence rates for the DST on non-uniform meshes with MOOD-P1 and MOOD-P2 methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-l1-and-l-errors-and-convergence-rates-for-the-dst-on-24zzj360.png Table 8 L1 and L∞ errors and convergence rates for the DST on non-uniform meshes with P1 and P2 methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-mach-3-problem-density-solutions-with-30-isolines-3mpwx0f1.png Fig. 12. Mach 3 problem — Density solutions with 30 isolines between ρm and ρM on 480 × 160 mesh. Top: MLP method ρm = 0.176 ρM = 6.802 — Middle: MOOD-P1 method ρm = 0.150 ρM = 6.483 — Bottom: MOOD-P2 method ρm = 0.123 ρM = 6.257. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-mach-3-problem-density-solutions-with-30-isolines-3rk6b8c3.png Fig. 11. Mach 3 problem — Density solutions with 30 isolines between ρm and ρM on a 120× 40 uniform mesh. Top: MLP method ρm = 0.5437 ρM = 6.75 — Middle: MOOD-P1 method ρm = 0.5589 ρM = 6.58 — Bottom: MOOD-P2 method ρm = 0.5358 ρM = 6.047. https://scispace.com/papers/a-high-efficiency-conformal-transmitarray-antenna-employing-480kp8vbxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-current-distributions-at-specific-times-in-one-period-2hrdm0y0.png Fig. 7 Current distributions at specific times in one period T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-huygens-surface-a-field-sketch-with-macro-perspective-qp2silqf.png Fig. 1 Huygens surface: (a) Field sketch with macro-perspective; (b) Fields generated by E-current and M-current separately; (c) Equivalent circuit model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-conformal-transmitarray-design-with-oblique-incidence-l2didj8k.png Fig. 11 Conformal transmitarray design with oblique incidence consideration: (a) Schematic with different zones along x-z section; (b) Simulated radiation patterns of E plane and H plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-conformal-transmitarray-a-3d-structure-b-sketch-of-t4e3rxam.png Fig. 8 Conformal Transmitarray: (a) 3D structure; (b) sketch of front view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulated-s21-amplitude-and-phase-of-element-1-under-1mcgej38.png Fig. 10 Simulated S21 amplitude and phase of element 1 under different oblique incidence angles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulated-results-of-conformal-transmitarray-a-s11-3g2m0fw2.png Fig. 9 Simulated results of conformal transmitarray: (a) |S11| versus frequency; (b) E plane and H plane patterns at 10 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-developed-two-layer-huygens-element-model-a-3d-cdu5y0hv.png Fig. 2 Developed two-layer Huygens element model: (a) 3D structure; (b) top and bottom layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sketch-of-the-cylindrical-transmitarray-with-a-larger-3izmqzjc.png Fig. 12 Sketch of the cylindrical transmitarray with a larger aperture size: (a) circular section; (b) straight section. https://scispace.com/papers/a-high-performance-architecture-for-rotating-decimal-an66865umj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-values-for-zj-aj-and-tan-1-aj-2ai3okvs.png TABLE IV VALUES FOR ZJ, αJ AND TAN-1(αJ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-values-for-zj-aj-and-tan-1-aj-1g60jja2.png TABLE III VALUES FOR ZJ, αJ AND TAN-1(αJ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-single-stage-delay-for-different-cordic-7mla96ms.png TABLE VI SINGLE STAGE DELAY FOR DIFFERENT CORDIC ARCHITECTURES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-relative-error-x-delay-for-each-cordic-687m9mur.png Fig. 4. Mean relative error × delay for each CORDIC architecture; logarithmic scale ( = D-CORDIC; = B- CORDIC; = ND-CORDIC ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-architecture-for-an-nd-cordic-iteration-1703elca.png Fig. 1. The architecture for an ND-CORDIC iteration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maximum-relative-error-on-calculating-the-rotation-of-1hckd8pb.png Fig. 3. Maximum relative error on calculating the rotation of vectors within the circumference unit, according to the number of iterations; logarithmic scale ( = D-CORDIC; = B- CORDIC; = ND-CORDIC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-error-distribution-when-calculating-the-3ua58w93.png Fig. 2. Relative error distribution when calculating the rotation of vectors within the circumference unit, according to the number of iterations; logarithmic scale ( = D-CORDIC; = B- CORDIC; = ND-CORDIC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-for-different-coordinate-type-31m5wyz7.png TABLE II RESULTS FOR DIFFERENT COORDINATE TYPE https://scispace.com/papers/a-high-temperature-400-to-650oc-secondary-storage-battery-w66imhgzi9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-list-of-possible-high-temperature-electrochemical-kwe3ni1q.png Table 1. A list of possible high temperature electrochemical couples capable of delivering 200 Wh/kg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-calculations-of-open-circuit-voltages-based-on-the-323qqvmb.png Figure 1. Calculations of open circuit voltages based on the electrochemical data for identified electrochemical couples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-commercial-cups-for-electrode-compartments-130c1scl.png Figure 6. Commercial cups for electrode compartments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-a-three-cell-battery-stack-developed-by-the-2vlsebqz.png Figure 23. A three-cell battery stack developed by the University of Utah under a DOE-funded project with contract No. DE-FC26-05NT42623 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-the-glove-box-with-controlled-atmosphere-for-na-2fdc7sdb.png Figure 24. The glove box with controlled atmosphere for Na-metal salt (or K-metal salt) battery tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-voltage-characteristics-of-a-na-fecl2-battery-1ml7ricp.png Figure 25. Voltage characteristics of a Na-FeCl2 battery during charge. The charge current was 56 mA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sem-micrographs-of-a-na-beta-alumina-zirconia-3jccmunb.png Figure 10. SEM micrographs of a Na-beta” alumina + zirconia after conversion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sem-micrographs-of-alpha-alumina-zirconia-before-3qfp0ycy.png Figure 9. SEM micrographs of alpha-alumina + zirconia before conversion https://scispace.com/papers/a-high-resolution-absolute-dated-deglacial-speleothem-record-118pxzvf7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-age-versus-depth-plot-for-stalagmite-m1-5-all-ages-are-3occm28f.png Fig. 5. Age versus depth plot for stalagmite M1-5. All ages are in stratigraphic order within the 2σ error bars. An age model was developed by linearly interpolating between data points and averaging dates where there are slight reversals (at ∼550 and 2200 mm depth). Note that the top date occurred after a long period of non-deposition andwas not included in the age model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-m1-5-d18o-and-d13c-time-series-230th-da-3ig98qp9.png Fig. 6. The M1-5 δ18O and δ13C time series. 230Th da https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-stalagmite-m1-5-d18o-versus-somali-margin-core-905-btjk40pn.png Fig. 9. Stalagmite M1-5 δ18O versus Somali Margin core 905 δ15N (Ivanochko et al., 2005), an indicator of Arabian Sea denitrification intensity. Denitrification in this region is controlled by productivity associated with southwest monsoon wind-induced upwelling. Therefore, the general similarity of M1-5 and core 905 suggests a relationship between the mean location and/or intensity of convection of the ITCZ in the Indian Ocean and Indian monsoon wind strength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-the-locations-of-the-various-sjz0rgv6.png Fig. 1. Map showing the locations of the various recordsmentioned in the text asw and Tarbuck, 2001). Note the penetration of the ITCZ far into the Asian contine northwest Indian Ocean and has a bimodal distribution of rainfall due to the mig https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-digital-elevation-model-of-socotra-island-derived-from-39jy463b.png Fig. 3. Digital elevation model of Socotra Island derived from Advanced Sp (http://elpdl03.cr.usgs.gov/pub/imswelcome/). Moomi Cave is represented b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-satellite-derived-rainfall-data-from-nasa-s-tropical-w9s9mcod.png Fig. 2. Satellite derived rainfall data from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/datapool/TRMM/ 01_Data_Products/02_Gridded/07_Monthly_Other_Data_Source_3B_43/ index.html) from 1998–2006 centered at 12.375°N, 54.125°E with 0.25° resolution. Mean annual rainfall from this dataset is 100.3 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-greenland-ice-core-johnsen-et-al-2sg90y1q.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the Greenland ice core (Johnsen et al., 2001) and Moom this study and M1-2 is from (Burns et al., 2003). Dansgaard/Oeschger and H climate between these two regions over this time period. Insolation control on https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photograph-of-stalagmite-m1-5-the-black-dots-represent-36prs3mh.png Fig. 4. Photograph of stalagmite M1-5. The black dots represent the locations of the 28230Th dates obtained along the length of the speleothem. The speleothem's growth axis is remarkably straight and continuous and the sample grew quite rapidly. Color banding is quite prominent below 1.45 m depth, while variations in calcite appearance above this depth (except for the top 50 cm) are much smoother and less dramatic. https://scispace.com/papers/a-highly-secure-video-steganography-using-hamming-code-7-4-4smvg8nhhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-for-data-embedding-phase-gt4b0jql.png Figure 1: Block diagram for data embedding phase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-average-psnr-of-y-u-and-v-for-all-video-28oxqkt1.png TABLE I THE AVERAGE PSNR OF Y, U, AND V FOR ALL VIDEO SEQUENCES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sample-result-of-frame-number-111-for-the-foreman-knz2hvij.png Figure 3: A sample result of frame number 111 for the Foreman video. a) Shows the selected areas for embedding in YUV components for frame number 111. b) Shows the 111th frame both the original and the stego frames. c) Shows the embedded and extracted message. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-for-data-extracting-phase-3072w8u6.png Figure 2: Block diagram for data extracting phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-psnr-of-300-stego-frames-for-the-mother-daughter-2xc4nzny.png Figure 5: PSNR of 300 stego frames for the Mother-daughter video. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-the-averages-of-the-psnr-y-u-and-351y4396.png Figure 6: Comparison between the averages of the PSNR Y, U, and V components for nine video sequences https://scispace.com/papers/a-hybrid-neurogenetic-approach-for-stock-forecasting-2idpe9o1xb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-encoding-in-the-ga-1xsz6c8c.png Figure 5: Encoding in the GA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-performance-of-ensemble-approaches-over-the-3c5b9vav.png Table 3: Relative performance of ensemble approaches over the buy-and-hold (13 years and T = 0.003) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-performance-consistency-2muozma4.png Figure 11: Performance consistency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-our-approach-with-other-approaches-apowjiga.png Figure 10: Comparison of our approach with other approaches by years https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-performance-of-ensemble-approaches-over-the-1mjo77zc.png Table 2: Relative performance of ensemble approaches over the buy-and-hold (36 companies and T = 0.003) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-continued-1i5yst4h.png Figure 8: Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-performance-of-rnn-and-ga-over-the-buy-and-2htbs60y.png Table 1: Relative performance of RNN and GA over the buy-and-hold (36 companies and T = 0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-framework-of-the-parallel-genetic-algorithm-7f60kp2c.png Figure 4: The framework of the parallel genetic algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/a-hybrid-grid-particle-method-for-moving-bodies-in-3d-stokes-1zk28zw12i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-comparison-of-residuals-between-the-preconditioned-2atyxzse.png Fig. 3.1. Comparison of residuals between the preconditioned algorithm and the original one using the same flow configuration as for Figure 3.2. Only two residuals are presented to improve readability. Simulation resolution is 2563. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-convergence-plot-of-stokes-solver-for-a-1zpi2mrz.png Fig. 3.2. Convergence plot of Stokes solver for a nonhomogeneous flow. Different configurations of boundary conditions are presented. The analytical solution is the Green–Taylor vortex and the computation domain is Q = [− 1 2 , 1 2 ]3. Penalization is tested forcing an exact solution in a sphere of radius 0.1 centered at space origin. Second order accuracy is obtained for all configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-a-scanning-electron-microscope-image-of-lung-trachea-34tw87mm.png Fig. 5.2. A scanning electron microscope image of lung trachea epithelium (left, courtesy of C. Daghlian, Dartmouth University), and a snapshot of cell geometry involving 36 cilia (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-velocity-norm-during-the-beating-of-a-ciliated-2woa9cpk.png Fig. 5.3. Velocity norm during the beating of a ciliated epithelium cell composed of 36 cilias in a variable viscosity mucus at different times. At initialization fluid is ten times more viscous at the surface than at the bottom (where it is equal to the viscosity of water: 10−3 Pa · s). The legend is using micrometers as the length unit and micrometers per second as the velocity unit. The bottom picture at time t = 1.75 s (after 7 cycles) contains an additional gray isosurface of viscosity at a level of 4 · 10−3 Pa · s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-convergence-of-the-lagrangian-method-using-the-27gvj3tc.png Fig. 4.1. Convergence of the Lagrangian method using the Stokes solver for computing the velocity field. The error is plotted with respect to time step size. Results are presented for different values of spatial resolution. Second order accuracy is reached using fine grids so that the time discretization error dominates the spatial discretization error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-4-surface-velocity-with-respect-to-time-over-four-2u5ltwyt.png Fig. 5.4. Surface velocity with respect to time over four periods, for 1 cilium (dotted line) and one cell containing 36 cilia (solid line). Average velocity over simulation at biofilm surface is reported in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-5-influence-of-viscosity-gradient-on-mean-surface-2mj89jji.png Fig. 5.5. Influence of viscosity gradient on mean surface velocity over four beating periods. Computations performed for one cell containing 36 cilia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-sketch-of-human-lungs-at-different-scales-from-hhb4s4xn.png Fig. 1.1. Sketch of human lungs at different scales, from trachea ( 1cm) to ciliated cells ( 5μm). Courtesy of C. Daghlian, Dartmouth University, for original versions of right-hand images. https://scispace.com/papers/a-hybrid-stochastic-rainfall-model-that-reproduces-rainfall-2fb9pd7hr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-four-different-modules-of-the-model-of-this-3c0nievy.png Figure 4. The four different modules of the model of this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-variability-of-the-six-parameters-of-the-mblrp-1wiz8qk5.png Figure 17. Variability of the six parameters of the MBLRP model of this study (box plot) at gauge NCDC-460582 (star mark in Fig. 3). The parameters of the traditional MBLRP model are shown together for reference (triangle). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-variability-of-the-rainfall-characteristics-of-the-3a8yroyo.png Figure 18. Variability of the rainfall characteristics of the MBLRP model of this study (box plot) at gauge NCDC-460582 (star mark in Fig. 3). The rainfall characteristics of the traditional MBLRP model are shown together for reference (triangle). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-modified-bartlett-lewis-155jffvv.png Figure 1. Schematic of the Modified Bartlett–Lewis Rectangular Pulse model. The blue area represents duration (width) and intensity (height) of each rain cell, respectively. The dashed line represents superposed sum of the rain cell intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-of-the-algorithm-to-generate-fine-2hblgt5j.png Figure 5. Schematic of the algorithm to generate fine-timescale rainfall statistics. The statistics in the blue boxes are used to calibrate the MBLRP model and the statistics in grey boxes are used to estimate the lag-1 autocorrelation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-comparison-of-the-slope-of-regression-analysis-1qprrf2v.png Figure 19. Comparison of the slope of regression analysis between the statistics shown in Fig. 6 for the calibration (x) and validation (y) period. The slopes of regression analysis (a) between the mean and standard deviation, (b) between the mean and proportion of dry periods, and (c–f) between the proportion of dry periods at the different timescales were compared. Solid lines are 1 : 1 line and dashed lines represent the regression lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-relationship-between-e-7-and-e-8-and-the-fitted-3oyz9xa2.png Figure 8. (a) Relationship between ε[7] and ε[8] and the fitted bivariate distribution. (b) Color map of the correlation coefficient between different ε[i]s at gauge NCDC-200164 on September. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-comparison-of-estimator-c-1-horizontal-axis-with-274cdfos.png Figure 7. (a) Comparison of estimator ĉ (1) (horizontal axis) with estimator V̂2 2V̂1 − 1 (vertical axis) of the autocorrelation lag-1 of hourly rainfall. (b) The histogram of the discrepancies between these two estimators at gauge NCDC-200164. https://scispace.com/papers/a-joint-model-of-time-to-breast-cancer-recurrence-and-ca15-3-36w5t038df 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-parameters-values-for-joint-model-ca15-3-15aqvicw.png TABLE 1. Estimated parameters values for Joint Model - CA15-3 tumour marker https://scispace.com/papers/a-joint-tdoa-pdoa-localization-approach-using-particle-swarm-1cor7z4d8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-versus-variable-tdoa-and-pdoa-error-1fjzb1ky.png Fig. 5. Performance versus variable TDOA and PDOA error standard deviations, σp = σt/2, and s = 500 swarms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-plots-of-the-tdoa-pdoa-and-the-joint-cost-23zh8n5p.png Fig. 1. Example plots of the TDOA, PDOA, and the joint cost functions. The second column plots are obtained by zooming in around the global minimum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-versus-pdoa-error-standard-deviation-sp-1oj2jw6l.png Fig. 4. Performance versus PDOA error standard deviation σp for σt = 50 mm and s = 500 swarms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-versus-tdoa-error-standard-deviation-st-2tg7eem9.png Fig. 3. Performance versus TDOA error standard deviation σt for σp = 0.32 mm and s = 500 swarms. https://scispace.com/papers/a-k-band-high-power-and-high-isolation-stacked-fet-single-3ncbnplouu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chip-photo-of-the-fabricated-switch-2-6-mm-x-1-2-mm-1sx13e4x.png Fig. 4. Chip photo of the fabricated switch (2.6 mm x 1.2 mm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-switch-equivalent-circuit-during-operation-a-input-2mrjrqhs.png Fig. 2. Switch equivalent circuit during operation (a); input impedance of the turned off arm (b) and isolation with different TL lengths (c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-proposed-stacked-fet-switch-hlw947jv.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the proposed stacked-FET switch https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-s-parameter-at-0-v-and-vg-5-v-1gyaat39.png Fig. 5. Measured S-parameter at =0 V and Vg= -5 V https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-to-previous-work-8gzbxsc1.png TABLE I COMPARISON TO PREVIOUS WORK https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-output-power-and-insertion-loss-at-24-5-ghz-and-0-v-5-2bgccwym.png Fig. 8. Output power and insertion loss at 24.5 GHz and 0 V/-5 V bias https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-versus-measured-insertion-loss-and-isolation-1xmcj1iu.png Fig. 6. Simulated versus measured insertion loss and isolation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-output-power-and-insertion-loss-at-24-5-ghz-and-0-v-5-30ow14m5.png Fig. 7. Output power and insertion loss at 24.5 GHz and 0 V/-5 V bias https://scispace.com/papers/a-keplerian-like-disk-around-the-forming-o-type-star-afgl-3ux2mb23de 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-continuum-emission-toward-afgl4176-at-1-21mm-11zem8a5.png Figure 1. Continuum emission toward AFGL4176 at 1.21mm observed with ALMA, in grayscale and contours (σ = 78µJy beam−1× -5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400). The beam is shown in the bottom left corner. The red cross shows the position of the Class II methanol maser group reported in Phillips et al. (1998) and the mm sources are labeled. observed within the 239.072GHz band. For the K=2 to 8 images presented below, the noise ranges between 3.4 and 6.2mJy beam−1 in a beam of 0.30′′×0.28′′, PA=37.7 to 37.9◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-panels-a-through-d-position-velocity-diagrams-of-16c44qvp.png Figure 4. Panels a) through d): position-velocity diagrams of CH3CN J=13–12 K=2,4,6, and 8 averaged along a cut centered on the mm1 continuum peak position, with PA=61.5◦ and width=1′′. The horizontal and vertical dashed lines mark the position of the continuum peak and a velocity of -52 km s−1. The crosses in the bottom left of each panel show the observational spatial and spectral resolution. Panels e) through h): position-velocity diagrams of the same lines for the model described in the text. Contour levels are 10,20,30...90% of the peak flux, except for K=8 which instead starts at 30%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-panels-a-and-b-show-first-and-second-moment-maps-of-eo1cyii1.png Figure 3. Panels a) and b) show first- and second-moment maps of the CH3CN J=13–12, K=3 emission from AFGL4176 mm1 in colorscale. Panels c) through f) show the results of the CASSIS pixel-to-pixel spectrum fitting. Continuum emission (starting at 10σ) similar to that shown in Fig. 1 is overplotted as contours in all panels except d), which shows the integrated K=3 emission at 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of the peak. The beam is shown in the bottom left corner of all panels. Panel f) shows the positions of the Class II methanol masers from Phillips et al. (1998). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-large-scale-bipolar-outflow-from-afgl4176-seen-in-3q0ene4t.png Figure 2. Large-scale bipolar outflow from AFGL4176 seen in 12CO J=3–2 with APEX. The total integrated emission is shown in grayscale, and the integrated red- and blue-shifted emission is shown in contours at 40, 50, 60...90% of the peak integrated fluxes (11.5 and 24.9K km s−1 respectively). Velocity ranges for integration of the red- and blue-shifted emission are shown in the bottom right, and the beam in the bottom left. The cross and dashed line mark the peak and PA of the continuum emission shown in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/a-kriging-model-for-dynamics-of-mechanical-systems-with-5554qyw0sn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-crank-moment-for-different-clearance-sizes-a-0-05-mm-b-28qb074a.png Fig. 8 Crank moment for different clearance sizes: (a) 0.05 mm, (b) 0.1 mm, (c) 0.2 mm, and (d) 0.5 mm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-slider-acceleration-for-different-crank-speeds-a-200-2bsr1ejo.png Fig. 9 Slider acceleration for different crank speeds: (a) 200 rpm, (b) 1000 rpm, (c) 2000 rpm, and (d) 5000 rpm https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sample-points-and-the-computer-simulation-results-as3dyka2.png Table 6 Sample points and the computer simulation results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-surface-plots-for-contact-forces-a-low-speed-input-b-192l7qm4.png Fig. 16 Surface plots for contact forces: (a) low-speed input, (b) medium-speed input, and (c) high-speed input https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-revolute-joint-with-clearance-clearance-exaggerated-1ju8gem9.png Fig. 1 Revolute joint with clearance (clearance exaggerated for clarity) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-crank-moment-for-different-crank-speeds-a-200-rpm-b-hd1ur3n9.png Fig. 11 Crank moment for different crank speeds: (a) 200 rpm, (b) 1000 rpm, (c) 2000 rpm, and (d) 5000 rpm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-flow-chart-for-implementation-of-the-doe-and-kriging-2x99asxx.png Fig. 12 Flow chart for implementation of the DOE and Kriging-based optimization model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-contact-force-for-different-crank-speeds-a-200-rpm-b-15nwd72b.png Fig. 10 Contact force for different crank speeds: (a) 200 rpm, (b) 1000 rpm, (c) 2000 rpm, and (d) 5000 rpm https://scispace.com/papers/a-kuznets-curve-in-environmental-efficiency-an-application-2p8tlu06ju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hyperbolic-graph-measure-of-technical-efficiencies-3gokefsd.png Figure 2. Hyperbolic graph measure of technical efficiencies and environmental efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relation-between-environmental-efficiency-and-171h28j3.png Figure 3. Relation between environmental efficiency and environmental quality in the OECD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-output-sets-for-strongly-and-weakly-disposable-3uo1z0zr.png Figure 1. Output sets for strongly and weakly disposable undesirable outputs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameter-estimates-for-alternative-models-1cbdc8kq.png Table II. Parameter estimates for alternative models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-hyperbolic-graph-measure-of-technical-efficiency-and-173ms2w1.png Table I. Hyperbolic graph measure of technical efficiency and environmental efficiency values for selected countries. https://scispace.com/papers/a-lagrangian-method-for-extracting-eddy-boundaries-in-the-3c6ive7bh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-path-lines-in-different-flows-around-a-core-2c50xvei.png Figure 4: Two path lines in different flows around a core line (black). a) Translation over time and a change in angular velocity strongly affect the euclidean distance between particles. b) Mapping the lines to angle in relation to the core line and subtracting the translation renders the particle distance constant again. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-19-path-lines-moving-around-an-eddy-core-10sl0hqp.png Figure 3: Example of 19 path lines moving around an eddy core. Time is displayed as height, while the angle around the common core is color-coded. All particles up to a certain distance to the core stay in a synchronous circular motion, fulfilling several turns. Further apart, paths terminate early to the right or hit the coast to the left, ending in darker colors. The path at the boundary is marked blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-distance-based-methods-integration-3kkdxoy5.png Figure 2: Comparison of distance-based methods. Integration times are set to 40 time steps in each case, the core position is marked. a) Shear strain values Sshear. b) Forward FTLE. The ridges mark fragments of the eddy boundary, but are difficult to extract. c) Euclidean distance between path lines over time. d) Our method: Error of distance over angle (Ec). The clear cut borders are similar to the FTLE ridges but considerably better suited for a shape extraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-boundaries-for-all-time-steps-connected-to-tubes-in-2sgxa1sq.png Figure 5: Boundaries for all time steps, connected to tubes in time. The distance to the core line is color-coded on the surface. Grey lines indicate the positions in time where a boundary was computed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-boundary-lines-of-eddies-in-the-gulf-of-aden-first-2kgbnl7t.png Figure 6: Boundary lines of eddies in the Gulf of Aden First row: Error graph Ec and extracted boundaries at 4 points in time. Second row: Okubo-Weiss field with respective boundaries. Third row: Both results overlaid, Ec in black, Okubo-Weiss in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-red-sea-dataset-geographical-structures-are-2wi84n2q.png Figure 1: The Red Sea dataset. Geographical structures are annotated. a) Velocity field presented by a LIC, overlaid by color coded SLA. The three eddies appear as extremal areas. Several other vortical areas with slight surface level deviations disappear within less than a week. b) Shear field. Areas of high shear overlap with eddy SLA regions. https://scispace.com/papers/a-large-scale-epidemiological-study-to-identify-bacteria-walljjolb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3sn3m56f.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1i2038ca.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-23i17h53.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1omqp5n6.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-35xldcpa.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1owqrt7a.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1q3afmcn.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/papers/a-lagrangian-relaxation-approach-for-the-multiple-sequence-1sthfsf3d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-score-of-the-alignments-computed-by-385dlmne.png Table 4 Average score of the alignments computed by different programs. Only instances that have been solved by LASA were considered. In BAliBASE 3.0 full length sequences (full) and instances from the homologous region set (hom) are distinguished https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-we-give-the-number-of-iterations-needed-by-our-vb5y9ebf.png Table 5 We give the number of iterations needed by our approach for different numbers h of solutions that were considered to compute the average Lagrangian solution. The default is h= 10. The last column gives the time spent in the root node if we resign to use the A∗ approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-for-the-first-four-benchmark-alignments-of-each-1qtu347i.png Table 6 For the first four benchmark alignments of each subgroup of short and medium sized instances we compare the size of the underlying graphs of the simple respectively improved algorithm (with and without “transitive reduction”). The figures show a snap-shot after the last iteration in the root node of the branch and bound tree of the average number of blue and red obstacles between each pair of sequences (#Obst), the average number of nodes in the bypass graph (# BPG-Nodes), the average number of arcs of the bpg (#BPG-Arcs), including arcs connecting the bpg to the dynamic programming graph, and the average number of additional arcs needed when no bpg is used (#Arcs) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-possible-alignment-a-of-the-input-sequences-s-abc-1lm4sldo.png Fig. 1 (a) A possible alignment A of the input sequences S = {ABC,AC,BCA}. (b) The gapped alignment graph for the sequences in S . The thick edges specify alignment A. (c) The alignment edges can not be realized at the same time in an alignment. Together with appropriate arcs of AP , they form a mixed cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-cells-of-the-dynamic-programming-matrix-with-2meq73qa.png Fig. 2 Three cells of the dynamic programming matrix, with four values (nodes) associated to each of them describing the type of the alignment. The forth value B(i, j) means that neither si is aligned to a character of t nor tj is aligned to a character of s. Note that arcs (dependencies) are between certain values D, V , H and B , the target node determines the type of the partial alignment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-a-pair-of-conflicting-obstacles-together-with-its-j23r5r7a.png Fig. 3 (a) A pair of conflicting obstacles, together with its base b and its tail t . (b) Obstacle Ob(l0,m0) dominates obstacles Ob(l1,m1) and Ob(l2,m2). Obstacle Ob(l1,m1) is minimal in D(Ob(l0,m0)). (c) We can bypass the dashed obstacles within the dp-graph, as they are not in conflict with any other obstacle. We can enter the dotted obstacle, as we have to subtract the multiplier then using the alignment arc with target (l′ + 1,m′ + 1). Hence, we can reach b1 from (l,m) within the dp-graph, jump to t2, and proceed in the dp-graph to (l′,m′) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-obstacles-in-q-k-are-from-or-and-enclose-t-vk-1-see-l6i2ma5i.png Fig. 7 (a) Obstacles in Q−(k) are from Or and enclose t(vk+1), see obstacle r1. Therefore Q−(k + 1) is obtained by simply adding obstacles that enclose t(vk+1), but not t(vk), like obstacle r2. Obstacles in Q+(k + 1) can be divided into two subsets, depending on whether they enclose t(vk) (obstacle b1) or not (obstacle b2). The latter one coincides with set Q+(k). The first subset is equal to set Q+(vk, vk+1), as the min. and max. properties of elements of sequence 〈vi 〉 imply the shaded rectangle to be empty. (b) Obstacles in Q−(k) must not enclose t(vk+1) (e.g. obstacle b1) and thus have to be removed from Q−(k) Q−(vk, vk+1) to obtain Q+(k + 1). Note that no blue obstacle originates in rectangles R1 (an edge in Er is traversed only if there is no outgoing edge in Eb) or R2 (min. and max. properties of elements of 〈vi 〉). Therefore obstacles enclosing t(vk) but not t(vk+1) do not enclose t(v0) and Q+(k + 1)=Q+(k) follows (obstacles enclosing t(v0) but not t(vk) do not enclose t(vk+1)) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-consider-v0-v1-eb-lying-on-a-path-p-through-the-bpg-as-1nquzfla.png Fig. 6 Consider (v0, v1) ∈ Eb lying on a path p̂ through the bpg as described in Lemma 4.4. Nodes v0, v1 are represented by their corresponding tails and by obstacles drawn by solid lines. Obstacles in Q+(v0, v1) originate in the shaded rectangle. The existence of obstacle b1 is in contradiction to the maximality of ψ(vb0 ), b2 is in conflict with the min. property of ξ(vb1 ). According to the definition of an edge in the bpg, vb1 is minimal in D(v b 0 ) and therefore obstacle b3 cannot exist. It follows Q+(v0, v1)=Q+(1) https://scispace.com/papers/a-latent-class-mixture-model-for-incomplete-longitudinal-3kkj9ewk1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-depression-trial-information-criteria-aic-and-bic-3o6prt7e.png Table 2: Depression Trial. Information criteria AIC and BIC, for models with dropout model (6) or (7), and g = 1, 2, 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-depression-trial-parameter-estimates-standard-errors-wc61t4wi.png Table 3: Depression Trial. Parameter estimates, standard errors, and p-values for the latentclass mixture model applied to the depression trial. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-depression-trial-classification-of-subjects-based-on-zeowu4zj.png Table 4: Depression Trial. Classification of subjects based on the magnitude of posterior probabilities πi1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-depression-trial-classification-of-the-subjects-of-3rwjcacr.png Figure 1: Depression Trial. Classification of the subjects of the depression trial based on a latent-class mixture model. The left panel corresponds to patients classified into first group, he right panel to patients classified into second one. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-depression-trial-estimates-standard-errors-and-p-op1qzoc4.png Table 5: Depression Trial. Estimates, standard errors, and p-values for the treatment effect at visit 8, as well as the treatment-by-time interaction, for the latent-class mixture model (Model 4 in Table 2), the shared-parameter model (Model 2 in Table 2), the pattern-mixture model, and both selection models, assuming either MAR (which equals MCAR) or MNAR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-study-results-of-the-simulation-study-6potpo9k.png Table 1: Simulation Study. Results of the simulation study: mean and true value, bias, and mean squared error (MSE) of the parameters, under the four simulations settings. https://scispace.com/papers/a-langmuir-multi-probe-system-for-the-characterization-of-o6vsprcx5c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-2jgwqauq.png Figure 4.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-2-comparison-between-the-measured-total-arc-voltage-1ksx8lzb.png Table 13.2 comparison between the measured total arc voltage and the potential obtained integrating the fields obtained from probe voltage or plasma potential shown in figure 13.8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-left-the-vessel-hosting-the-experimental-setup-3s9zaf3m.png Figure 8.1 Left, the vessel hosting the experimental setup with gas and vacuum feedthroughs, and the gas system. Right, overview of the experimental basement contained in the chamber (“vessel”). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-20-b-total-derivative-of-the-function-j-t-as-a-6jlqcv4k.png Figure 11.20 b, total derivative of the function J(T) as a function of temperature. Both the density n(T) and the contributions of the partial derivatives of J are shown https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-10-i-50-a-probe-12-z-0-58-mm-from-anode-at-vb-6-69-3aby478n.png Figure 9.10 I=50 A, probe 12, z=0.58 mm from anode at Vb=-6.69 V and Vb =-7.64 V shown together (left). The value obtained from the peak in floating conditions (right) is also indicated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-left-basic-single-probe-circuit-shaded-area-30vidywx.png Figure 3.1 Left: basic single probe circuit (shaded area: plasma). A, anode (reference); C, cathode. Right: typical current-voltage characteristic. Vf, floating potential; Vpl, plasma potential (see text) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-for-the-estimation-of-arc-radiated-power-data-1zq8467b.png Table 6.1. For the estimation of arc radiated power. Data points extracted from the arc maps shown in [140]. Arc length 10 mm. (*) See text https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-5-left-electrical-resistivity-of-copper-and-763hwlqg.png Figure 8.5 Left, electrical resistivity of copper and tungsten as a function of temperature. Right, electrical resistance per unit length for some probe diameters (see text). Inset: particular for copper wire resistance. https://scispace.com/papers/a-link-between-labor-participation-mental-health-and-class-53vwhl1lpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-probit-regression-models-include-interaction-terms-102fxgnk.png Table 4. Probit Regression Models include Interaction Terms: Labor Force Participation by Gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-weighted-estimates-on-labor-28rds1qc.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics: Weighted Estimates on Labor Participation, 2004-05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probit-regression-models-labor-force-participation-1x90fa1j.png Table 3. Probit Regression Models: Labor Force Participation by Medication Status by Gender – Marginal Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-probit-regression-models-labor-force-participation-13cxoqzf.png Table 2. Probit Regression Models: Labor Force Participation by Gender - Marginal Effects https://scispace.com/papers/a-linear-time-majority-tree-algorithm-5a856oduym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-pseudo-code-for-the-majority-tree-algorithm-1iaulbto.png Fig. 3. The pseudo-code for the majority tree algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-tree-visualization-module-in-mesquite-the-window-29ph7y7g.png Fig. 1. The tree visualization module in Mesquite. The window on the left shows a projection of the distribution of trees. The user interactively selects subsets of trees with the mouse, and, in response, the consensus tree of the subset is computed on-thefly and displayed in the window on the right. Two selected subsets and their majority trees are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-input-trees-rooted-at-the-branch-connecting-s0-2oawpqs5.png Fig. 2. Three input trees, rooted at the branch connecting s0, and their majority tree (for a > 1/2 majority). The input trees need not be binary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-storing-nodes-in-the-hash-table-assume-we-have-the-3nqlxrhy.png Fig. 4. Storing nodes in the hash table: Assume we have the five leaf tree on the left, T1, and two universal hash functions (and associated prime numbers) given by the table below. The IDs stored in the hash table for the beginning of a post-order traversal of T1 are shown; the circled node was the last one processed. First s0 was processed, storing h2(s0) = 3537 at h1(s0) = 2. Similarly s1 and s2 were processed, and then their parent, storing h2 = 1311 + 4082 mod 6229 into h1 = 0 + 7 mod 11, and so on. https://scispace.com/papers/a-link-between-solar-events-and-congenital-malformations-is-48lg37whze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cosmic-ray-fluence-for-the-largest-events-on-record-11pgsk84.png Figure 3. Cosmic ray fluence for the largest events on record: 23 February 1956, 4 August 1972, 29 September 1989, and 19 October 1989 calculated in the present work from the spectra of Tylka and Dietrich [2009]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dose-at-sea-level-due-to-different-cosmic-ray-3esjwyct.png Figure 2. Dose at sea level due to different cosmic ray secondaries for primary energies from 1 GeV to 1 PeV. Although the biological effectiveness of individual neutrons is greater than that of muons, the large number of muons produced by high-energy cosmic rays makes them the dominant source of radiation above 10 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ratio-of-the-number-flux-of-cosmogenic-muons-to-21yazcus.png Figure 1. Ratio of the number flux of cosmogenic muons to neutrons which reach sea level from primaries with energies from 1 GeV to 1 PeV. Neutrons have a low threshold for production energy, making them much more plentiful at low energies. The threshold for muon production is higher, thus, they become more numerous at primary energies above 10 GeV. Neutron and muon fluxes at sea level are insubstantial from primaries below 1 GeV. https://scispace.com/papers/a-literature-review-on-the-study-of-moisture-in-polymers-wyaleelj3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ir-absorption-spectrum-of-methylcellulose-films-at-12yvmct3.png Figure 3. IR absorption spectrum of methylcellulose films at 90% RH. Peak 7 corresponds to bound water and peak 8 corresponds to free water, and the remaining peaks correspond to dry matter in the polymer film.6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dsc-cooling-curves-of-water-sorbed-on-poly-4-a23p43u3.png Figure 2. DSC cooling curves of water sorbed on poly(4-hydroxystyrene): the amount of sorbed water is 7.8% (curve A); 9.2% (curve B); 10.7% (curve C); 26.3% (curve D); and pure water (curve E). Peak I denotes free water and Peak II denotes bound water.5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-moisture-weight-gain-curve-for-a-0-6mm-bismaleimide-1n7godnd.png Figure 1. Moisture weight gain curve for a 0.6mm bismaleimide-triazine core sample subjected to 30°C/60% RH.4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-water-on-the-hydrogen-bonding-of-3fubom4b.png Figure 4. Effects of water on the hydrogen bonding of polyurethane shape memory polymer.11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-hydrophobic-membrane-on-moisture-sorption-1ur2tb6b.png Table 1. Effect of hydrophobic membrane on moisture sorption versus water sorption.4 https://scispace.com/papers/a-linkage-disequilibrium-based-statistical-test-for-genome-pwlu2fbmku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-validation-of-the-cle02-signaling-peptide-35l3wpjs.png Fig. 4 Experimental validation of the CLE02 signaling peptide/SUNN receptor genetic relationship in M. truncatula symbiotic nodulation. a Representative images of nodulated roots, 14 days post rhizobium inoculation, overexpressing the MtCLE02 gene (Ubi:CLE02) or a GUS control gene (Ubi:GUS) either in wild-type (WT) plants or in the sunn mutant. Scale bar = 1 cm. b Boxplots of the number of nodules in the same conditions as described in a. A Mann and Whitney–Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to assess pairwise statistical differences, as indicated within the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-false-positive-fp-proportions-for-tr-tcorpc1-trv-and-1vpt07m8.png Table 2 False positive (FP) proportions for Tr, TcorPC1, Trv , and TcorPC1v statistics in comparisons with the Student distribution (τ(n−2)) used for testing the significance of the correlation coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-locus-epistatic-selection-models-under-1anahh75.png Table 1 Two-locus epistatic selection models under coadaptation or compensation in a haploid population. https://scispace.com/papers/a-literature-overview-on-strategic-information-systems-fww12dcmv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sisp-governance-see-wero04-137-68c9e7e2.png Table 8: SISP governance (see [WeRo04, 137]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-operationalisation-of-constructs-of-the-contingency-yn4wru22.png Table 9: Operationalisation of constructs of the contingency model of SISP success https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-share-of-publications-information-strategy-contents-2iqkve2w.png Figure 7: Share of publications information strategy contents over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-share-of-publications-on-it-and-competitive-3mrp3h3i.png Figure 3: Share of publications on IT and competitive advantage over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-exemplary-sisp-impact-methods-37bt643p.png Table 6: Exemplary SISP impact methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-enablers-and-inhibitors-to-information-strategy-1cqkoflm.png Table 11: Enablers and inhibitors to information strategy implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-share-of-publications-on-strategic-alignment-over-362lfdx2.png Figure 8: Share of publications on Strategic Alignment over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-activities-covered-by-traditional-sisp-methodologies-3cbukrfs.png Table 7: Activities covered by traditional SISP methodologies ([FlGo93, 294]) https://scispace.com/papers/a-little-flexibility-is-all-you-need-on-the-asymptotic-value-8ez5kh2wmd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-investing-in-levels-1-and-2-only-is-asymptotically-31xuy57w.png Figure 4. Investing in levels 1 and 2 only is asymptotically optimal for flexibility premiums above the thresholds computed in Theorem 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-optimal-capacity-portfolio-as-a-function-of-the-4qzr0f8x.png Figure 5. The optimal capacity portfolio as a function of the flexibility premium. https://scispace.com/papers/a-longitudinal-cohort-study-on-quality-of-life-in-stroke-9t7h4vt8cv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-all-measurement-instruments-for-the-u9jqy48x.png Table 2 Overview of all measurement instruments for the partners and times of administration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-all-measurement-instruments-for-the-c63u4vh8.png Table 1 Overview of all measurement instruments for the stroke patients and the times of administration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-outcomes-of-restore4stroke-cohort-hrqol-health-related-2zkyw8ck.png Fig. 1 Outcomes of Restore4Stroke Cohort. HRQoL, health-related quality of life; QoL, quality of life. https://scispace.com/papers/a-longitudinal-investigation-of-older-adults-physical-3e43ruzx95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-older-adults-and-physical-activity-participant-9qpasf49.png Figure 1. Older adults and physical activity: participant flowchart https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structured-model-for-predicting-older-adults-pa-n-2028qter.png Figure 2. Structured model for predicting older adults’ PA (N = 165). Fully standardised beta coefficients are reported. Out of the covariates entered (i.e., sex, age, income, and multimorbidity), no significant associations (p > .05) over and above those in the tested model, with an exception of sex, were found. Significance levels were **p < 0.001 and *p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/a-lot-of-icing-but-little-cake-taking-integrated-reporting-t1ak36kafq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-academic-literature-on-consequences-2ktyyqob.png Table 2 - Overview of the academic literature on consequences of IR https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-overview-of-the-academic-literature-on-3f7ppkgs.png Table 1 (continued) - Overview of the academic literature on antecedents of IR https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-academic-literature-on-antecedents-89ct85qc.png Table 1 (continued) - Overview of the academic literature on antecedents of IR https://scispace.com/papers/a-low-complexity-eigenfilter-design-method-for-channel-25q7bmf3jy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observed-bit-rate-as-a-percentage-of-the-mfb-bit-rate-2fnfadu8.png Fig. 3. Observed bit rate (as a percentage of the MFB bit rate) as a function of the tradeoff parameter for CSA loop #1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simo-miso-channel-equalizer-model-2eo5wgr4.png Fig. 1. SIMO-MISO channel/equalizer model. https://scispace.com/papers/a-low-complexity-frame-synchronization-and-frequency-offset-4bd8usk0sa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-frequency-acquisition-scheme-30gh5bc1.png Fig. 12. Frequency acquisition scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ofdm-signals-with-guard-interval-inserted-3tw49y11.png Fig. 5. OFDM signals with guard interval inserted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-frequency-acquisition-performance-under-multipath-2fjdfi8c.png Fig. 13. Frequency acquisition performance under multipath channel with SNR= 20 dB, frequency offset= 170 of the subcarrier spacing, and preset acquisition rangeP = 200. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rms-frequency-error-as-a-function-of-snr-mya04pg5.png Fig. 8. RMS frequency error as a function of SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ofdm-system-with-synchronization-scheme-38p1ehm3.png Fig. 1. OFDM system with synchronization scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-system-block-diagram-of-the-ml-estimator-for-frequency-28yq2eze.png Fig. 6. System block diagram of the ML estimator for frequency offset and frame position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rms-frequency-error-versus-the-number-of-averaged-hm7xb9tu.png Fig. 7. RMS frequency error versus the number of averaged symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-multipath-channel-characteristics-with-fft-size-1024-2y9e1zl5.png Fig. 11. Multipath channel characteristics with FFT size= 1024. https://scispace.com/papers/a-machine-learning-approach-to-analyze-and-support-anti-43z2effnfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-2bnvez08.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-machine-learning-metrics-for-predicting-corruption-2a0the8k.png Table 1: Machine Learning Metrics for Predicting Corruption in Held-Out Test Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spillover-effect-of-neighboring-audits-on-fiscal-1a363vhe.png Figure 5: Spillover Effect of Neighboring Audits on Fiscal Corruption https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-geography-of-predicted-corruption-2ba9s9kd.png Figure 3: The Geography of (Predicted) Corruption https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-predicted-feature-importance-and-mentions-in-2nr82k4p.png Figure 2: Model-Predicted Feature Importance and Mentions in Audit Report Texts https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-population-thresholds-for-inter-government-onfguxeg.png Table A.3: Population thresholds for Inter-Government Transfers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamic-effect-of-audits-on-fiscal-corruption-3nl6xgh2.png Figure 4: Dynamic Effect of Audits on Fiscal Corruption https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-importance-of-budget-features-for-corruption-26nj0232.png Table 2: Importance of Budget Features for Corruption Prediction https://scispace.com/papers/a-low-dimensional-analogue-of-holographic-baryons-22w6r7m612 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-plot-of-ph3-for-the-double-chain-solution-with-1e2ubp6z.png Figure 6: A plot of φ3 for the double chain solution with density ρ = 10 (left image) and the triple chain solution with density ρ = 20 (right image). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-data-points-give-the-size-u-of-the-b-1-soliton-1i6qgixw.png Figure 1: The data points give the size µ of the B = 1 soliton as a function of κ, within the instanton approximation. The curve is a numerical fit to the data of the form c √ κ with the constant c = 0.96. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-plot-of-ph3-for-the-soliton-with-b-1-left-image-2rxcvxth.png Figure 2: A plot of φ3 for the soliton with B = 1 (left image) and B = 2 (right image). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-plot-of-e-8p-for-a-2-instanton-configuration-with-2lhkvnsi.png Figure 3: A plot of E/(8π) for a 2-instanton configuration with separation 2a between the two instantons. The black curve is the result of a numerical integration to compute the energy and the red curve is the analytic approximation described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-plot-of-ph3-for-a-chain-with-the-optimal-density-3p76y0gl.png Figure 4: A plot of φ3 for a chain with the optimal density ρ = 2.8 (left image) and the density ρ = 10 (right image). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-plot-of-e-4pb-against-density-r-for-the-single-1zjj3yr5.png Figure 5: A plot of E/(4πB) against density ρ for the single chain, double chain and triple chain configurations. Data points are the numerical solutions from field theory simulations and curves are sigma model instanton approximations. https://scispace.com/papers/a-mathematical-model-for-estimating-the-age-specific-4ekddkyhr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-the-knock-out-simulation-from-the-age-38c7jnf1.png Figure 6. Results of the “knock-out” simulation from the age-specific SEIARW model. A: results 404 based on four age groups; B: results based on five age groups. 405 406 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-of-sensitivity-analysis-of-p-c-and-e-a-2ye0cmyp.png Figure 7. Results of sensitivity analysis of p, , c, and ε. A: sensitivity analysis of p; B: sensitivity 408 analysis of ; C: sensitivity analysis of c; D: sensitivity analysis of ε. 409 410 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-epidemic-curve-of-collected-data-of-reported-covid-11tv0q5o.png Figure 2. Epidemic curve of collected data of reported COVID-19 cases in Wuhan City from 26 387 November, 2019 to 23 December, 2019 388 389 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-and-values-of-parameters-in-the-age-3iza9on5.png Table 2. Description and values of parameters in the age-specific SEIARW model 421 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-curve-fitting-of-the-mix-age-seiarw-3ttdhkld.png Figure 3. Results of curve fitting of the mix age SEIARW model to the reported data 391 392 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-curve-fitting-of-the-age-specific-seiarw-101v67vq.png Figure 4. Results of curve fitting of the age-specific SEIARW model to the reported data. A-a: 394 curve fitting based on four age groups; A-b: the simulated prevalence by the age-specific SEIARW 395 model based on the four age groups; B-a: curve fitting based on five age groups; B-b: the simulated 396 prevalence by the age-specific SEIARW model based on the five age groups. 397 398 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-in-the-age-specific-seiarw-model-418-oef2qoih.png Table 1. Variables in the age-specific SEIARW model 418 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-of-sensitivity-analysis-of-o-o-g-g-and-f-a-2xb0pwkb.png Figure 8. Results of sensitivity analysis of ω, ω’, γ, γ’ and f. A: sensitivity analysis of ω; B: 412 sensitivity analysis of ω’; C: sensitivity analysis of γ; D: sensitivity analysis of γ’; F: sensitivity analysis of 413 f. 414 415 416 https://scispace.com/papers/a-membrane-with-ion-fluxes-responsive-to-temperature-ph-and-e6phheu06v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-graphs-of-water-droplet-shape-on-a-naked-b-etched-f6mvztpu.png Fig. 3. The graphs of water droplet shape on (a) naked, (b) etched and (c) DNA strands-modified PET membranes. The contact angles of water droplet on naked, etched and DNA strands-modified PET membranes are 84.5°, 71.3°, 61.7° respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-schematic-plot-of-a-slice-of-the-nanogate-a-at-ph-in51piiw.png Fig. 2. The schematic plot of a slice of the nanogate. (a) At pH 5.3, no connections between linkers. (b) At pH 7.9, connections between linkers are established and a strand web is assembled, blocking ion transport. Linker: TATATA-(3′) or ATATAT-(3′), complementary to each other, with nearly the same amount, spacer: (NH2)-(CH2)5-(5′)-TGTTGG TTGGTG TGTGGG TGGTTG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ion-flux-voltage-curves-for-the-nanogate-with-a-vjdya5av.png Fig. 8. Ion flux-voltage curves for the nanogate with a diameter of 10 nm in NaCl of various concentrations at (a) pH 7.9 and (b) pH 5.3, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measured-ion-flux-voltage-curves-for-the-nanogate-with-a3soo8i9.png Fig. 7. Measured ion flux-voltage curves for the nanogate with a diameter of 10 nm at pH 7.9 at various temperature (NaCl conc)-(CH2)5-entration: 125mM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ion-fluxes-corresponding-to-a-3-v-voltage-between-the-3w4809w8.png Fig. 9. Ion fluxes corresponding to a 3 V voltage between the two openings of nanogates with various small opening sizes. (NaCl concentration: 125mM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-pet-membrane-etched-with-25-cone-shaped-nanogates-2b2uml09.png Fig. 1. (a) A PET membrane etched with 25 cone-shaped nanogates. (b) The experimental setup for the measurement of the ion flux-voltage curve of ion flow through nanogates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-xps-spectra-of-the-pet-membrane-after-the-1oaz5ge4.png Fig. 4. The XPS spectra of the PET membrane after the modification with DNA strands. The inset shows the XPS spectra of the PET membrane before the modification with DNA strands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-measured-ion-flux-voltage-curve-for-the-nanogate-276ohohw.png Fig. 5. The measured ion flux-voltage curve for the nanogate with a diameter of 10 nm (NaCl concentration: 125mM) for the first cycle and the 50th cycle of experiments where the pH cycles between 5.3 and 7.9 and nanogates in the membrane are switched on and off repeatedly. https://scispace.com/papers/a-merge-model-with-endogenous-technological-change-and-the-2khvosd510 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-and-undiscounted-gwp-losses-for-the-carbon-11wt8b05.png Fig. 3: Cumulative and undiscounted GWP losses for the Carbon stabilization cases, relative to BaUS. Global losses are significantly reduced in the case of LBD and LBS. For the 450-ppmv cases, the cumulative loss is reduced to 0.56 %. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-significant-cost-reduction-over-time-is-shown-when-3b45mqr3.png Fig. 2: A significant cost reduction over time is shown when LBD applies. RD&D policies are important in the early stage of introducing a new technology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-indicators-for-the-baus-case-of-merge-with-lbd-1uxxgtd9.png Fig. 1: Basic indicators for the BaUS case of MERGE with LBD relative to the starting year. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cumulative-gwp-change-2000-2120-relative-to-the-450-1orv5jlx.png Fig. 6: Cumulative GWP change (2000-2120) relative to the 450 ppmv reference case in percent https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regional-population-in-billions-2wob0vfq.png Table 1: Regional population in billions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reference-development-expressed-as-gdp-in-trillion-269fmihb.png Table 2: Reference development expressed as GDP in trillion USA $2000 per year that defines the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cumulative-primary-energy-2000-2120-change-relative-to-186x4kzj.png Fig. 5: Cumulative Primary Energy (2000-2120) change relative to 450 ppmv Reference case in percent. The level of primary energy use per case is very sensitive to the AEEI factor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-macroeconomic-parameters-used-for-the-calibration-of-25shdl1g.png Table 3: Macroeconomic parameters used for the calibration of the production function https://scispace.com/papers/a-method-for-3d-reconstruction-of-piecewise-planar-objects-40o3fqxn11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-camera-calibration-and-the-input-1extmxxa.png Figure 2: Illustration of camera calibration and the input used for 3D reconstruction. Crosses of the same color represent interest points belonging to the same line or plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-1k6hw84w.png Figure 4: Results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-input-image-2o0hqy68.png Figure 3: The input image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-paraboloidal-mirror-3vlrd1z2.png Figure 1: The paraboloidal mirror. https://scispace.com/papers/a-method-for-identifying-cost-efficient-practices-in-the-3r528yeboh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparing-inefficient-spell-648-with-benchmark-24bt67pk.png Table 1: Comparing inefficient spell 648 with benchmark spells 581 and 499 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spell-efficiencies-by-initial-consultant-team-ndk1eut5.png Table 3 Spell efficiencies by initial consultant team https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-variables-relating-to-patient-38g40ogi.png Figure 1: Distribution of variables relating to patient condition on admission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scope-for-los-reductions-2ru2dtc0.png Figure 2: Scope for LOS reductions. https://scispace.com/papers/a-metal-rich-molecular-cloud-surrounds-grb-050904-at-1mupf31abd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-the-equivalent-column-density-measured-hqmbdlnw.png FIG. 1.— Evolution of the equivalent column density measured inthe X–ray afterglow of GRB 050904 (green dots with errors at1 σ). Time is in the rest frame. Solar metallicity with no Fe and Ni has been assumed. The equivalent column density is defined as the column densitytha would produce the same amount of absorption for a cold non-ionized absorber. The red solidan blue dashed lines show the best fit models (see Table 2) fordifferent initial temperatures. The photoionization code has in input the observed light curve of GRB 050904 (Cusumano et al. 2006). The drop in absorption att ∼ 1000 s (in the rest frame) corresponds to the group of bright X–ray flares. The thin orange lines (and right y axis) show the amount of absorption thatwould be observed in the J band (rest frame∼ 7.2 eV) if the X–ray absorbing medium would be polluted with Galactic-like dust (Mathis et al. 1977). The optical transient was observed attobs = 200 s (i.e. 27 s rest frame, Böer et al. 2006) in white light, indicat ng very little absorption. Thin orange dashed and dot-dashed lines show the absorption due to silicates only and to carbonaceous grains only, respectively. The littl extinction implied by the early optical observation canbe explained by a dust component rich in silicates and depleted in carbonaceous grains. This could be the results of an ISM enriched by pair instability SNe (Schneider et al. 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-9a5dhn7q.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-confidence-contour-1-2-and-3-s-in-the-radius-column-dkdb5syt.png FIG. 2.— Confidence contour (1, 2 and 3-σ) in the radius – column density plane for the solar metallicity ase. The computed grid of radii and column densities over which the fit was performed is much larger, and spans1016 < R < 1021 cm and1021 < NH < 1025 cm−2. The black line shows the locus of HII regions surrounding massive stars at the end of their life under the assumption of uniform density of the progenitor molecular cloud. Despite the simple model, the agreement is satisfactory. https://scispace.com/papers/a-method-of-speed-control-during-over-ground-walking-using-a-12035lp74s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-led-system-the-system-includes-a-led-797ctqbw.png Fig. 2 Schematic of the LED system. The system includes a LED strip with HL1606 microchips and a PWM build-in microcontroller. The data is firstly sent and copied on the DI (data in), CI (clock in) and SI (speed clock input) lines. Under control of the LI (latch in), the data was pushed down the line to the next microchip through the DO (data out) pin, CO (clock out), SO (speed clock output) and LO (latch out) pins. In this way, two LED units were connected and each one can be controlled individually. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-running-effect-the-distance-between-1v6ix9ht.png Fig. 1 Schematic of the “running” effect. The distance between each two adjacent LED unit is the same. The duration time of power supply for each LED is also the same. Duration=T2-T1=T3-T2=…=Tn-Tn-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-experimental-set-up-of-the-evaluation-tests-the-l6lo17qf.png Fig. 3 The experimental set-up of the evaluation tests. The subjects followed the running lights along the 10m walkway with two force-plates. Toe and heel markers were positioned to determine the feet segment. https://scispace.com/papers/a-methodology-for-identification-of-narmax-models-applied-to-4iyidlbzrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-model-validation-for-n-w-3000-rpm-64-mm3-cp-model-2kr1cwey.png Fig. 3. Model validation for (N,W)=(3000 rpm, 64 mm3/cp): model prediction (dashed line), system output (solid line); a) 1-step-ahead predictor output (standardized data); b) long-term predictor output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-narmax-parameters-35oxv43x.png Table 3. NARMAX parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diesel-engine-operating-points-full-acceleration-1gtmjrpa.png Table 1. Diesel engine operating points: full acceleration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-diesel-engine-operating-points-50-acceleration-2rjtkflo.png Table 2. Diesel engine operating points: 50% acceleration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-equivalent-hdi-diesel-engine-scheme-for-identification-1z43mo24.png Fig. 2. Equivalent HDI diesel engine scheme for identification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-vgt-egr-diesel-engine-4f9vmq4u.png Fig. 1. The VGT/EGR diesel engine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-model-and-real-system-step-responses-for-n-w-3000-rpm-2ggdr6yn.png Fig. 4. Model and real system step responses for (N,W)=(3000 rpm, 64 mm3/cp): a) small amplitude; b) high amplitude; model output (dashed line), system output (solid line). https://scispace.com/papers/a-microbial-perspective-on-the-life-history-evolution-of-26ig0civai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-7-1xy1qh93.png Figure 2. 6! 7! https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-16-17-29vqvehp.png Figure 4. 16! 17! https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-11-12-3l9lrjma.png Figure 3. 11! 12! https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-2-3cs2hquw.png Figure 1. 1! 2! https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-21-22-19y2q0id.png Figure 5. 21! 22! https://scispace.com/papers/a-methodology-for-modeling-hvac-components-using-evolving-w1szmuy019 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-genotype-left-part-represents-indicies-of-rules-a88805lt.png TABLE II GENOTYPE: LEFT PART REPRESENTS INDICIES OF RULES; RIGHT ONE – MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS’ PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-real-valued-chromomome-3hbo4xuz.png TABLE I REAL-VALUED CHROMOMOME https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hybrid-boiler-model-scheme-3eomdc8w.png Fig 1. Hybrid Boiler Model Scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-wise-plots-of-the-temperature-model-predictions-k2ldz9de.png Fig 3. Sample-wise plots of the Temperature model predictions for training and validation data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-product-moment-correlation-coefficients-for-10dpxrho.png TABLE III THE PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE BOILER MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-wise-plots-of-the-efficiency-model-predictions-8d2c9h6p.png Fig 2. Sample-wise plots of the Efficiency model predictions for training and validation data. https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-based-testing-technique-for-component-based-real-4b5ckqe3b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-example-component-state-based-event-driven-3kvinx3m.png Fig. 7. An example Component State-based Event-driven Interaction Behavior Graph (CSIEDBG) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-component-level-sequence-diagram-34wx6d3g.png Fig. 1. A component level sequence diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-component-interaction-senario-3-per-task-priority-3fsli0pv.png Fig. 4. Component interaction senario 3 per task priority https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-component-interaction-senario-2-per-task-priority-hph3unsk.png Fig. 3. Component interaction senario 2 per task priority https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-component-interaction-senario-1-per-task-priority-wo04blox.png Fig. 2. Component interaction senario 1 per task priority https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-component-interface-interaction-graph-ciig-1s79hn80.png Fig. 5. An example Component Interface Interaction Graph (CIIG) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-quantitative-analysis-of-mutants-score-for-each-2tatuoph.png TABLE II. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUTANTS SCORE FOR EACH TEST METHOD https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-faults-detected-by-each-test-method-in-avvmteng.png TABLE I. NUMBER OF FAULTS DETECTED BY EACH TEST METHOD IN EACH TEST SET https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-based-control-design-approach-for-linear-free-piston-26m41mi775 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-an-opposed-piston-fpe-two-pistons-sharing-a-3jbvzbjp.png Figure 10. An opposed piston FPE. Two pistons sharing a combustion volume oppose each other about the centre line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bdc-tdc-error-and-input-fuel-response-for-pi-and-yrd105ay.png Figure 5. BDC/TDC error and input fuel response for PI and LQR controllers with a mechanical spring as rebound device. Controller parameters were chosen within their stability bounds. LQR response transient is slower than the PI response transient owing to a minimization of input objective. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-output-power-and-engine-speed-responses-with-a-1h243eb3.png Figure 6. Output power and engine speed responses with a mechanical spring as rebound device. The same power and speed are achieved at steady state regardless of controller type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-generic-fpe-schematic-the-piston-translator-and-3ibirqjv.png Figure 1. Generic FPE schematic. The piston, translator, and generator permanent magnet (for this illustration of an FPE generator) constitute the moving mass. The rebound device may be a mechanical spring, an air bounce chamber or another cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-bdc-tdc-error-for-pi-and-lqr-controllers-with-a-3l2bis5h.png Figure 9. BDC/TDC error for PI and LQR controllers with a combustion chamber as rebound device. Controller parameters were chosen within their stability bounds. LQR response transient is slower than the PI response transient owing to a minimization of input objective. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-for-free-piston-engine-simulations-1eupylmb.png Table 1. Parameter values for Free Piston Engine simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualization-of-piston-motion-over-time-annotated-1i2li47p.png Figure 2. Visualization of piston motion over time annotated with notation used in analysis. One complete cycle is from b to b . The lines Tx and Bx are the nominal piston endpoints. The arrows represent inputs to the engine as fuel addition or rebound device stiffness adjustment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bdc-tdc-error-and-input-fuel-response-for-pi-and-l5gr7zf0.png Figure 7. BDC/TDC error and input fuel response for PI and LQR controllers with a bounce chamber as rebound device. Controller parameters were chosen within their stability bounds. LQR response transient is slower than the PI response transient owing to a minimization of input objective. https://scispace.com/papers/a-minimum-cost-heterogeneous-sensor-network-with-a-lifetime-2whiax53sp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-0-1-computed-from-the-exact-solution-kvuf76wr.png Fig. 3. 0= 1 computed from the exact solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-voronoi-cell-flx8r5of.png Fig. 1. A typical Voronoi cell. https://scispace.com/papers/a-model-of-free-living-gait-a-factor-analysis-in-parkinson-s-4ek5y1zz47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-item-loadings-of-the-principle-component-analysis-3bn2srfj.png Table 2. Item loadings of the principle component analysis for free-living BWM gait (Varimax rotation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-item-loadings-of-the-principle-component-analysis-1nv4qcqe.png Table 1. Item loadings of the principle component analysis for controlled (laboratory) BWM gait (Varimax rotation) https://scispace.com/papers/a-modified-hodgkin-huxley-model-to-show-the-effect-of-motor-46kio7ldbf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-bifurcation-diagram-of-the-values-of-the-s1-24ka0vvj.png Figure 5 The bifurcation diagram of the values of the S1 output. The range of the input changes is the control parameter (gNaS = 100 nS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hopf-bifurcation-curves-in-the-i0-gnas-plane-p8os6brs.png Figure 10 Hopf bifurcation curves in the (I0 – gNaS)-plane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-embedding-mhh-for-each-block-and-inserting-itdcs-to-24hldzuf.png Figure 2 Embedding MHH for each block and inserting ItDCS to M1. MHH: modified Hodgkin Huxley, TG: trigeminal ganglion. PAG: periaqueductal, M1: motor cortex, S1: somatosensory cortex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-map-of-s1-output-on-vas-n6rhkt5o.png Figure 14 Map of S1 output on VAS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-and-parameters-definitions-3c1soojs.png Table 1 Variables and parameters definitions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-output-of-tg-and-s1-blocks-with-different-input-1jj8wv00.png Figure 4 The output of TG and S1 blocks with different input stimulus maximum amplitudes. (a) Maximum amplitude = 5 pA, (b) maximum amplitude = 30 pA. TG: trigeminal ganglion, S1: somatosensory cortex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concise-tn-pathway-block-diagram-pag-periaqueductal-3b86ptyv.png Figure 1 Concise TN pathway block diagram. PAG: periaqueductal gray, VPL: ventral posterolateral nucleus (reprinted from [6]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-branch-of-equilibria-in-the-i0-s1-output-plane-155mygme.png Figure 8 A branch of equilibria in the (I0-S1 output)-plane displaying Hopf bifurcations with gNaS = 100 https://scispace.com/papers/a-modular-method-for-the-efficient-calculation-of-ballistic-2xo2m4r3yx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-discretization-of-the-circular-billiard-with-2etd9p2o.png Fig. 1. (Color) Discretization of the circular billiard with leads employing (a) the conventional RGM and (b) the MRGM. (c)-(d) Features of the discretization with the MRGM (see text for details). (e) Hard wall vs. soft wall profile. (f) Bulk and surface disorder potentials. (g) Density of localized wavefunctions |ψ(x, y)|2 in a regular vs. chaotic billiard. (h) Density of scattering wavefunctions in the high magnetic field vs. high energy limit. (i) “Trapped” trajectory in a soft wall billiard with a mixed classical phase space and the density of the corresponding quantum wavefunction. (j) Three bound electron-hole wavefunction densities in a square billiard with superconducting lead (“Andreev billiard”). https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-resolution-foveated-laparoscope-2htchixr3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13-mrfl-assembling-procedure-3nwlaja3.png Figure 4.13 MRFL assembling procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-configurations-of-the-zoom-probe-a-keplerian-type-25c5b78s.png Figure 5.3 Configurations of the zoom probe: (a) Keplerian type; (b) Galilean type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-relation-between-the-driving-current-and-optical-1l1b38mw.png Figure 5.4 Relation between the driving current and optical power of the tunable lens As indicated in Figure 5.4, the optical power of the tunable lens is a linear function of the driving current. Eq. (5.2) shows the accuracy of the optical power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12-3d-model-of-mrfl-11atxn27.png Figure 4.12 3D model of MRFL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-2d-scanner-gimbal-mount-2g7gtsot.png Figure 4.11 2D scanner gimbal mount https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-spa-laparoscopic-surgery-36-37-2r47s4x2.png Figure 2.4 SPA laparoscopic surgery [36, 37] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-fov-measurement-of-the-eyepiece-of-the-22qsdz8x.png Figure 4.5 FOV measurement of the eyepiece of the laparoscope https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-specifications-of-a-commercial-laparoscope-1tor4xy2.png Table 4.1 Specifications of a commercial laparoscope https://scispace.com/papers/a-mother-s-attitude-towards-her-infant-and-child-behaviour-44sm86u63h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maternal-attitude-scale-items-1y338te5.png Table 1. Maternal attitude scale items https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logistic-regression-models-of-the-relationship-3rronoa6.png Table 3. Logistic regression models of the relationship between maternal negative attitude during infancy,infant risks, and child behaviour problems in boys and girls at age five https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-models-of-the-relationship-3sh5397h.png Table 2. Logistic regression models of the relationship between maternal negative attitude during infancy and child behaviour problems in boys and girls at age five https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logistic-regression-models-of-the-relationship-1lvn7t9v.png Table 4. Logistic regression models of the relationship between maternal negative attitude during infancy, early social risks, and child behaviour problems in boys and girls at age five https://scispace.com/papers/a-molecular-line-scan-in-the-hubble-deep-field-north-344wwk4vxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-our-blind-co-measurements-with-e99hptuf.png Figure 4. Comparison of our blind CO measurements with empirically derived CO luminosity functions from the literature. The gray shading shows the predictions by Sargent et al. (2013) for the average (volume-weighted) redshift (Table 1) where the width indicates the 68% confidence region. As each redshift bin covers a significant range in redshifts we also show the median luminosity function for the lowest and highest redshift in the respective redshift bin (red and blue curve, here the 68% confidence region is not shown). Also shown are models for the evolution of the CO luminosity function based on semi-analytical cosmological models plus “recipes” to relate gas mass to CO luminosity (Lagos et al. 2011; Obreschkow et al. 2009a, 2009b). In the left panel the observational constraints on the local (z = 0) CO luminosity functions reported in Kereš et al. (2003) are also shown as data points (small circles). The blue-shaded regions shows the constraints derived from our blind detections (Table 4, Sections 3.2 and 4.1), including appropriate error bars (following Gehrels 1986). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-the-cosmic-h2-mass-density-rh2-z-based-2x3nh483.png Figure 5. Evolution of the cosmic H2 mass density, ρH2 (z) based on predictions from semi-analytical cosmological models (Obreschkow et al. 2009a, 2009b; Lagos et al. 2011) as well as the empirical predictions by M. T. Sargent et al. (in preparation). The latter shows the evolution inferred from the integration of the indirectly inferred molecular gas mass functions underlying the CO luminosity distributions of Figure 4. The blue-shaded area shows only the contribution of the blind detections (blue-shaded regions in Figure 4) to ρ(MH2 ), not corrected/ extrapolated for a population of undetected sources at lower or higher L′CO. The red upper limit indicates the limit to the gas density contribution strictly for the specific galaxy populations selected via optical spectroscopic redshifts (Section 3.1). Our limit in the lowest redshift bin is not very constraining given the small volume probed. For a comparison, the evolution of the cosmic neutral gas mass density (ρH i) and of the stellar mass density (ρ∗) are also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-redshift-range-and-cosmic-volume-covered-by-3c8y1fs9.png Table 1 Redshift Range and Cosmic Volume Covered by Molecular Line Scan https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-galaxies-with-ground-based-or-hst-grism-based-qzgbfrfl.png Table 2 Galaxies with Ground-based or HST Grism-based Redshifts Covered by Molecular Line Scan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hst-wfc3-f160w-1-6-mm-image-from-the-candels-survey-4vjmsyw1.png Figure 1. HST/WFC3 F160W (1.6 μm) image from the CANDELS survey (Grogin et al. 2011; Koekemoer et al. 2011) of the region of the HDF-N covered by our line scan from the CANDELS survey. The red circle shows the primary beam FWHM of our observations at the intermediate frequency of our scan (97.25 GHz). The black ellipse in the bottom-right corner shows the synthesized beam of our observations. Galaxies are labeled with their redshift. Blue colors indicate redshifts that are not covered by the frequency coverage of our 3 mm scan (Table 1). Circles indicate ground-based redshifts and squares indicate slitless (grism) redshifts (when both are available, only ground-based redshifts are shown). Green color indicates stars in the field. We show the spectroscopic completeness as a function of H-band magnitude in Figure 2 and CO spectra toward all galaxies with redshift information in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spectra-of-the-galaxies-with-high-quality-1naeewuc.png Figure 3. Spectra of the galaxies with high-quality spectroscopic redshifts falling within the range of redshifts our scan covered for various CO transitions (see Tables 1 and 2). Spectra are corrected for primary beam attenuation. No galaxy is individually detected at high significance. Vertical dashed lines indicate band edges in our scan (D14). ID.Z22 is spatially coincident with our blind CO detection ID.19 (see discussion in Section 3.1) and we show the spectrum of ID.19, extracted 1.′′5 away from the optical positions, as a blue-dashed line for reference. The bottom panels show the stacked spectra for each transition and a stack of all CO emission. We note that ID.Z1 enters the latter stack twice as it has two lines in our scan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-number-of-galaxies-covered-in-our-line-11gw1e3m.png Figure 2. Histogram of number of galaxies covered in our line scan as a function of H-band magnitude (x-axis) and redshift bin (three panels). The blue line shows the distribution of galaxies with photometric redshifts in each redshift bin (available for most of the galaxies in the field), whereas the colored regions indicate the availability of ground-based spectroscopic redshifts (red) and highquality HST grism spectroscopy (green). Grism spectra with quality q = 2 (yellow) are the least reliable and we do not use them for our analysis. Groundbased redshifts are preferred to HST grism ones, when both are available. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-blind-co-detections-and-limiting-fn8sn3jr.png Table 4 Number of Blind CO Detections and Limiting Luminosities in Scan https://scispace.com/papers/a-molecular-dynamics-study-on-oxidation-of-aluminum-hydride-20anyjov4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-key-stages-and-potential-energy-3bndvfcd.png Fig. 1. Illustration of key stages and potential energy profiles of relaxation and equilibration processes during the system construction: (a) relaxed core-shell AlH3/Al2O3 structure; (b) energy minimized HTPB molecule; (c) equilibrated AlH3/Al2O3-HTPB composite (orange circles show the typical nanoparticle exposed areas); (d) oxidation simulation system; (e) potential energy profiles of relaxation and equilibration processes. Atoms colouring scheme: core Al - blue; shell Al - purple; H - white; shell O - green; HTPB & molecular oxygen O - red; C - grey. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratio-between-the-numbers-of-o-h-c-al-atoms-and-391pj7xg.png Fig. 4. Ratio between the numbers of O/H/C/Al atoms and snapshots of the central cross-sections of the AlH3/Al2O3 core-shell nanoparticle during the overall oxidation process. The results after 500 ps are ignored due to the insignificant change. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-evolution-of-the-number-of-key-species-related-to-34cnw0b6.png Fig. 5. Time evolution of the number of key species related to HTPB reaction during the overall oxidation process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-main-stages-for-the-oxidation-reaction-33qyvhxm.png Fig. 2. Three main stages for the oxidation reaction characterised by the time evolution of (a) temperature and (b) number of key species. Stage I (0-100 ps): preheating; Stage II (100-200 ps): acceleration; Stage III (200 ps onward): moderate oxidation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-process-of-htpb-sublimation-during-stage-i-of-the-27l6twgs.png Fig. 3. Process of HTPB sublimation during Stage I of the oxidation reaction: (a) t = 20 ps; (b) t = 60 ps; (c) t = 100 ps; (d) an example of O of OH from one end of HTPB adhering on the nanoparticle surface Al atom with the carbon chain freely hanging in the air. Only the nanoparticle and HTPB molecules are shown for a clear visualization. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-site-multi-participant-magnetoencephalography-5boqe0ta5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-content-of-top-level-directory-b-organization-of-9evq7u0a.png Figure 1. a) Content of Top-level directory b) Organization of MCIControls directory; c) Content of participant-specific directories; d) Content of MRI and MEG data directories for each participant; e) Content of maxfiltered-MEG data directories; f) Content of subemptyroom directory https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-10-fold-cross-validation-performance-across-100-1ywgacjr.png Table 3. Mean 10-fold cross-validation performance across 100 permutations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fields-in-participants-tsv-file-2lmbe8u7.png Table 2. Fields in participants.tsv file https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-paths-from-raw-data-to-classifier-trained-to-plxxegul.png Figure 2. Paths from raw data to classifier trained to distinguish MCI vs Control. Abbreviations: ROI, Region Of Interest; SVM, Support Vector Machine; AEC, Amplitude Envelope Correlation; PSD, Power Spectral Density https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-2fjrszyb.png Table 1 Participant characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-stable-spanwise-twist-morphing-trailing-edge-1hirmu2k75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-the-ply-angle-b-and-twist-angle-ph-for-d-jju0nzio.png Figure 2. Effects of the ply angle β and twist angle ϕ for δ = 0 on the structural behaviors: (a) contour plot of strain energy Π, (b) twisting moment M and (c) torsional stiffness GJ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-spanwise-trailing-edge-deflection-of-the-smte-and-21m80cwk.png Figure 10. Spanwise trailing edge deflection of the SMTE and MELD by Woods et al. [17]ϕ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-verification-of-the-analytical-model-plot-of-twist-43kyu3nd.png Figure 9. Verification of the analytical model–plot of twist moment M as function of twist angle ϕ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-the-ply-angle-b-and-twist-angle-ph-for-d-3l78am5o.png Figure 3. Effects of the ply angle β and twist angle ϕ for δ = 0.2 on the structural behaviors: (a) twisting moment M and (b) torsional stiffness GJ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-the-ply-angle-b-and-twist-angle-ph-for-d-1a4zalvv.png Figure 4. Effects of the ply angle β and twist angle ϕ for δ = 0.6 on the structural behaviors: (a) twisting moment M and (b) torsional stiffness GJ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-the-ply-angle-b-and-twist-angle-ph-for-d-1pfc9zby.png Figure 5. Effects of the ply angle β and twist angle ϕ for δ = 1.3 on the structural behaviors: (a) twisting moment M and (b) torsional stiffness GJ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-spanwise-morphing-trailing-edge-1xp343km.png Figure 1. Schematic of the spanwise morphing trailing edge design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effects-of-d-and-twist-angle-ph-for-spar-strips-3ajnuf55.png Figure 8. Effects of δ and twist angle ϕ for spar strips with a ply angle of β = 90◦ on: (a) twisting moment M and (b) torsional stiffness GJ. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multigrid-method-for-nonconforming-fe-discretisations-with-54m9s7dyru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-detail-of-a-geometrically-nonconforming-mesh-9szw2z8w.png Figure 1. Detail of a geometrically nonconforming mesh https://scispace.com/papers/a-multiple-fault-localization-approach-based-on-2f8vbgojuk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-java-open-source-projects-1bzwahvl.png TABLE II: Java Open-source projects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-siemens-suite-cq8t33d2.png TABLE I: Siemens suite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-qualitative-comparison-for-single-fault-programs-1-dcwl2tsf.png Fig. 3: Qualitative comparison for single fault programs. (1): Active AHP-LOC (2): Passive AHP-LOC (3): AHP-ROC (4): GP13 (5): TARANTULA (6): OCHIAI (7): JACCARD (8): NAISH2 (9): M2 (10): AMPLE (11): ER1B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-power-program-containing-two-faults-1jqvbx3a.png Fig. 2: ”Power” program containing two faults. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-qualitative-comparison-for-multiple-faults-on-2en4ptr0.png TABLE III: Qualitative comparison for multiple faults on Siemens Suite (EXAM score %). (1): Active AHP-LOC (2): Passive AHP-LOC (3): AHP-ROC (4): GP13 (5): TARANTULA (6): OCHIAI (7): JACCARD (8): NAISH2 (9): M2 (10): AMPLE (11): ER1B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-suspiciousness-degrees-5s0l4lva.png Fig. 1: Suspiciousness Degrees. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-qualitative-comparison-for-four-faults-programs-1-1qhvd3wp.png Fig. 5: Qualitative comparison for four faults programs. (1): Active AHP-LOC (2): Passive AHP-LOC (3): AHP-ROC (4): GP13 (5): TARANTULA (6): OCHIAI (7): JACCARD (8): NAISH2 (9): M2 (10): AMPLE (11): ER1B https://scispace.com/papers/a-multi-step-cold-plasma-process-for-fine-tuning-of-polymer-b1k137035r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-radicals-concentration-of-pp-ani-377ezsbz.png Figure 4. Evolution of radicals concentration of pp-ANI layers with (a) the input power (deposition time = 20 min) and (b) the deposition time (P = 120 W). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-afm-images-of-pp-ani-films-obtained-at-different-2zplm6yi.png Figure 8. AFM images of pp-ANI films obtained at different durations of the first step: a) 1 min; b) 2 min; c) 3 min. “e” corresponds to the film thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-height-distribution-of-the-films-at-different-2hnhk3e3.png Figure 9. Height distribution of the films at different durations of the first step: () 1 min, () 2 min, () 3 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experimental-solid-line-and-simulated-dashed-lines-2pc6nw7j.png Figure 3. Experimental (solid line) and simulated (dashed lines) ESR spectra on a small range of the magnetic field leading to a better resolution (a) under air or (b) under argon. (P = 120 W, deposition time = 20 min) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-composition-of-polyaniline-y-denotes-the-3lgkk73w.png Figure 1. Chemical composition of polyaniline. y denotes the oxidation degree of the polymer and x, the chain length. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-afm-images-of-pp-ani-films-elaborated-at-a-first-33b4n1le.png Figure 10. AFM images of pp-ANI films elaborated at a first step duration of 1 min (top images) or 2 min (bottom images) (P = 420 W) and at different durations of the second step: a) 1 min; b) 2 min; c) 3 min (P = 240 W). “e” corresponds to the film thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-square-roughness-rq-and-height-h-of-38dmbwd4.png Figure 6. Mean square roughness (Rq) and height (H) of nanostructures obtained for different durations (1, 2 or 3 min) and input powers (240 W, 420 W) of the first step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chemical-structure-of-pp-ani-films-deposited-by-the-55ybmd7e.png Figure 2. Chemical structure of pp-ANI films deposited by the two-step process (1 min-240 W26 min-60 W) or by the one-step one at 240 W or 60 W and analyzed by a) FT-IR spectroscopy and b) XPS. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multithreaded-processor-designed-for-distributed-shared-56m6vafh9a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-access-and-cycle-times-19p4b5ol.png Table 1: Access and cycle times https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cache-hit-rate-fixed-at-60-configuration-d3-2ujsw7ku.png Figure 8: cache hit rate fixed at 60% (configuration d3.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-remote-memory-access-fixed-at-30-configuration-d1-3410g0ca.png Figure 6: remote memory access fixed at 30% (configuration d1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-no-cache-configuration-d2-16fkv5d8.png Figure 7: no cache (configuration d2.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-microarchitecture-of-the-rhamma-processor-28qspj72.png Figure 1: Microarchitecture of the Rhamma processor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-diagrams-for-the-four-load-store-unit-1six1y6q.png Figure 2: Simulation diagrams for the four load/store unit implementation alternatives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-no-local-memory-configuration-b-3h5fhmd9.png Figure 4: no local memory (configuration b.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-no-remote-memory-configuration-a-1sz1jjbo.png Figure 3: no remote memory (configuration a.) https://scispace.com/papers/a-multiscale-coarse-grained-model-of-the-sars-cov-2-virion-37x5p6icro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-the-cgmd-simulations-of-the-sars-cov-2-23bly9su.png Figure 4: Analysis of the CGMD simulations of the SARS-CoV-2 virion. (A) Radial distribution functions (RDFs) showing the comparison between mapped all-atom reference statistics and the CG spike model during the MD simulations. The measured RDFs are for CG particles that were mapped from the following all-atom residues of (i) S1,RBD [S459–D467] and S1,NTD [W104–L118], (ii) S1,preRBD [E309–R319] and S2 [A852–L861], (iii) S2,CH [A1015–K1028], and (iv) S2,CTD [Y1215–V1228]. (B) Principal modes of motion of the SARS-CoV-2 virion computed from the CGMD simulation (see also Supplementary Movie 2–4). The first principal component (PC1) accounts for 51% of the total variation observed during simulation, whereas the second (PC2) and third (PC3) account for 12.5% and 7%, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-viral-proteins-of-sars-cov-2-the-genome-of-sars-cov-1tn8m5na.png Figure 1. Viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 is shown in the top panel. Nonstructural proteins (NSPs) encoded in the open reading frame (ORF) 1ab are colored in orange, and the full genome is in teal. (A) All-atom models of the structural proteins of SARSCoV-2 consisting of the S, E, M and N proteins. Asterisks indicate homology modeled protein structures for E and M (34). (B) Schematic of the virion surface from cryo-EM images of the virion, adapted from Ref. (19). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-multiscale-model-of-the-sars-cov-2-virion-a-xdlsjva7.png Figure 3. A multiscale model of the SARS-CoV-2 virion. (A) Exterior view of the SARS-CoV-2 virion. (B) Interior view of the SARS-CoV-2 virion. Spike (S) protein trimers are depicted in teal with the glycosylation sites represented as black spheres. Membrane (M) protein dimers are in blue, with pentameric envelope (E) ion channels in orange. The density of S,M, and E proteins was chosen to be consistent experiments (38–40). N proteins are not shown. The diameter of the membrane envelope is approximately 100 nm and 120 nm including the S proteins on the virion surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cg-models-of-the-sars-cov-2-structural-proteins-a-3jxnyw2h.png Figure 2. CG models of the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. (A) The CG model of the S protein trimer in the open state. The protein monomers are depicted as pink, green, and cyan beads, respectively; the monomer in pink has an exposed receptor binding domain. Each of the 22(x3) N-linked glycans are depicted as grey beads. (B) The CG model of the pentameric E protein is depicted as orange beads. (C) The CG M dimer model is depicted as yellow and blue spheres, overlaid on top of the AA model of the M dimer. Each monomer has 36 CG sites, and the red lines indicate the approximate positions of the transmembrane region. (D) The CG model of the N protein CTD helix in complex with viral RNA. The N protein helix and bonds derived from the hENM are depicted in cyan, while the RNA is depicted as orange beads. https://scispace.com/papers/a-nanostructual-microwave-probe-used-for-atomic-force-4mna2ezwml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-afm-surface-topography-of-the-grating-sample-obtained-dik7jgt5.png Fig. 4. AFM surface topography of the grating sample obtained by the fabricated M-AFM probe: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-photograph-of-the-microslit-of-the-microwave-afm-1hgrn5av.png Fig. 3. SEM photograph of the microslit of the microwave AFM probe introduced by FIB fabrication. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-cantilever-of-the-probe-having-dimensions-of-1w190waj.png Fig. 2. The cantilever of the probe having dimensions of 250×30×15 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-measurement-result-of-the-amplitude-of-reflection-1k5n3tjr.png Fig. 10. The measurement result of the amplitude of reflection coefficient when the Au wire is present at the tip of the M-AFM probe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-photograph-of-the-tip-of-the-gaas-afm-probe-1gwlch8o.png Fig. 1. SEM photograph of the tip of the GaAs AFM probe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-schematic-diagram-of-the-improved-probe-holder-o2tfpnez.png Fig. 5. The schematic diagram of the improved probe holder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-measurement-result-of-the-amplitude-of-reflection-1htg7l0i.png Fig. 8. The measurement result of the amplitude of reflection coefficient when the test sample is absent at the tip of the M-AFM probe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-connection-of-the-probe-with-the-coaxial-line-3coqi3ge.png Fig. 6. The connection of the probe with the coaxial line. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multiwavelength-approach-to-the-star-formation-rate-3pidw7dwdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flux-calibrated-spectra-for-the-gss-galaxy-subsample-1sc6ayna.png Fig. 3.—Flux-calibrated spectra for the GSS galaxy subsample. In this case, LRIS spectra are plotted together with NIRSPEC data. See caption of Fig. 2 for explanation. The broadband photometry corresponds to data collected in Table 5. Note that for these objects, the agreement in the absolute flux calibration of the spectroscopic and broadband photometry data is also good, except for the JN3 value of GSS 073_1810. However, in this case the uncertainty is much larger than in the rest of the broadbandmeasurements (note that we have plotted an upper error bar segment in flux for this point). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-sed-of-the-prototypical-starburst-m82-as-in-elbaz-et-21l651o2.png Fig. 9.—(a) SED of the prototypical starburst M82 (as in Elbaz et al. 2002). The two thick line segments mark the width and position of the ISOCAMLW3 filter if the galaxy were located at z ¼ 0:4 (upper) and 0.8 (lower). The dashed rectangular regions mark the position and width of the IRAS 12 lm filter (upper) and ISOCAM LW2 filter (lower). (b) Integrated IR luminosity, LIR, vs. IRAS 12 lm monochromatic luminosity in L for 293 IRAS BGS galaxies. (c) Integrated IR luminosity, LIR, vs. ISOCAMLW2 (6.75 lm) monochromatic luminosity in L . This figure, which contains 91 galaxies, comes from Fig. 5d of Elbaz et al. (2002). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-ratio-of-sfrir-vs-extinction-corrected-sfrh-as-a-3o97zhzv.png Fig. 15.—Ratio of SFRIR vs. extinction-corrected SFRH , as a function of LIR; the horizontal scale at the top gives the SFRIR as computed from eq. (4). Large filled symbols are the galaxies of our sample (triangles for objects with z 0:4, circles for galaxies with z 0:8; symbols labeled as in Fig. 5), with SFRH corrected for extinction and aperture as explained in the text. Small filled squares are the galaxies observed by Rigopoulou et al. (2000) in the HDF-S: the data points correspond to the values without extinction correction, while the tips of the arrows indicate the effect of using the average extinction correction (a factor of 4 in the H flux) employed by Rigopoulou et al. (2000) in their work; the H fluxes in this last sample were not corrected either for aperture effects. Asterisks are the extinction-corrected objects from Fig. 3a of Sullivan et al. (2001), whereas open circles and stars correspond to local galaxies fromGallego et al. (1996, 1997) and Buat et al. (2002, excluding cluster galaxies and objects with apparent diameter larger than 1>5); respectively. The dashed line is a bisector leastsquares fit to our galaxy sample, excluding upper limits in LIR (in both axes), whereas the dotted lines indicate the 1 error in the fit prediction derived from numerical simulations via error bootstrapping. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-ratio-of-sfrir-vs-sfrh-with-h-not-corrected-for-14ql9330.png Fig. 16.—Ratio of SFRIR vs. SFRH (with H not corrected for extinction in the left-hand panel and corrected in the right-hand panel) as a function of the measured extinction in H . Symbols are the same as in Fig. 15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagnostic-diagrams-for-a-and-b-nearby-galaxies-and-c-ara8mqmu.png Fig. 5.—Diagnostic diagrams for (a) and (b) nearby galaxies and (c) and (d ) our galaxy sample. (a) and (b) Filled symbols: galaxies with active nuclei; open symbols: galaxies with star formation; small symbols: galaxies from Figs. 1 and 2 of VO87 (we only distinguish between emission due to star formation and due to active nuclei; we have also included the objects classified as narrow emission line galaxies by VO87 [asterisks], which are either LINERs or H ii galaxies); large symbols:UCMgalaxies fromGallego et al. (1996) (complete sample of H emission line galaxies at z < 0:045); thick solid line: separation between different type of galaxies. There is a small but clear offset between the locus of star-forming galaxies in the VO87 data, when compared with the UCM galaxies. This shift is probably caused by the use by VO87 of data from the literature, which used different slit apertures. (c) and (d ) Emission-line ratios for our galaxy sample after applying extinction corrections (triangles for objects with z 0:4, circles for galaxies with z 0:8); arrows indicate that the [O iii]/H ratio is unknown. In the last two panels we have labeled the symbols with the letters C, S, D, and A to indicate the morphological type of each galaxy, as indicated in the symbol key. Since the [O iii] 5007 line for GSS 084_4521 was outside the spectral range of LRIS, we have estimated its value using the measured [O iii] 4959 flux. In the case of the colliding galaxies GSS 073_1810 both lines were not within the observed spectral interval, so only [N ii] 6583/H and [S ii] 6716, 6731/H are indicated. Both panels indicate that all the galaxies of our sample fall in the region of star-forming galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-five-sfr-indicators-listed-in-table-9q0e7f3t.png Fig. 8.—Comparison of the five SFR indicators listed in Table 9. Triangles correspond to the HDF-N galaxies (z 0:4) and circles to the GSS subsample (z 0:8). Symbols are labeled as in Fig. 5. Upper limits in SFRIR and SFRradio are shown with arrows. See discussion in x 7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-galaxy-sample-ffn7t01n.png TABLE 1 Galaxy Sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-between-blue-luminosities-half-light-2wie97gf.png Fig. 12.—Comparison between blue luminosities, half-light surface brightnesses, and velocity widths of our galaxy sample and the data from Phillips et al. (1997). (a) Rest-frame surface brightness (averaged within the half-light radius) and blue luminosities. The dotted regions indicate the plot domain spanned by different types of local galaxies. (b) Comparison of rest-frame half-light radii and blue luminosities. (c) Comparison of rest-frame half-light radii and velocity widths. Since the clear spiral-type galaxies of our sample are viewed almost face-on, we assume that the measured emission-line widths are underestimating the actual rotational velocity of these objects. For that reason they are plotted as lower limits. The dashed lines are isomass tracks (in solar units) corresponding to the virial mass estimation used by Guzmán et al. (1996),M ’ 3c2=G 2Re, where we have assumed the exponential case c2 ¼ 1:6 for the geometry-dependent parameter. In this comparison we transformed our data to a cosmology withH0 ¼ 50 km s 1Mpc 1 and q0 ¼ 0:05. https://scispace.com/papers/a-multitracer-approach-to-assess-the-spatial-contamination-1j26necc6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1a74v5cb.png Fig. 1: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2knh1n7q.png Fig. 4: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1cveoww8.png Fig. 2: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-35enklxo.png Fig. 3: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pcb-contamination-patterns-regarding-sampling-site-2nweg4v2.png Table 2: PCB contamination patterns regarding sampling site and sex. CB 153: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum concentration, expressed in ng g-1 dry mass. Σ 7: sum of congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180 (ICES indicator PCBs). Adjacent columns present the mean and standard deviation of the percentage of each PCB class, depending on the chlorination number. < DL: below detection limits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1v7g3wed.png Fig. 5: https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-temporal-change-of-cb-153-concentration-in-hake-in-q23o3xvw.png Table 3: Temporal change of CB 153 concentration in hake in the Gulf of Lions, depending on the size class between 2004-2006 (HarmelinVivien et al., 2012a) and 2013 (present study). Concentrations measured at Bastia were not taken into consideration here. For the 50 -74 cm size-class, value for 2013 results from one single large individual, not considered elsewhere in the paper. Age range was calculated on the basis of the parameters of the age-length relationship calculated in the Gulf of Lions by Mellon-Duval et al. (2010), considering juveniles, females and males together. https://scispace.com/papers/a-necessary-condition-for-semiparametric-efficiency-of-50gtj2v0w4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standard-deviations-of-the-npmle-for-eo-under-the-2fd9bnfk.png Table 2. Standard deviations of the NPMLE for Eω under the efficient design ν∗ and under the suboptimal design νo = U(0, 1), where the true distribution is µ = N(1/2, 1/7). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standard-deviations-of-the-npmle-for-eo-under-the-2gs8m86p.png Table 1. Standard deviations of the NPMLE for Eω under the efficient design ν∗ and under the suboptimal design νo = N(1/2, 1/7), where the true distribution is µ = U(0, 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-efficient-densities-of-x-to-estimate-eom-for-the-3py2zdhm.png Fig. 1. The efficient densities of x to estimate Eωm for the DC-CV experiment at µ = U [0, 1]. 12 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-efficient-density-of-x-to-estimate-the-variance-of-2iclcwu9.png Fig. 2. The efficient density of x to estimate the variance of ω for the DC-CV experiment at µ = U [0, 1]. https://scispace.com/papers/a-necessary-condition-for-two-string-links-to-have-the-same-4b2bw7zz2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-2-string-link-1hjf0hmu.png Figure 1. A 2-string link. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-string-link-g-1-3g186kir.png Figure 4. The string link g 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-4-string-link-b-acts-from-the-left-and-from-the-3e1dnbue.png Figure 2. A 4-string link b acts from the left and from the right on a 2-string link f . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-and-bottom-meridians-of-a-2-string-link-368ki9fk.png Figure 3. Top and bottom meridians of a 2-string link. https://scispace.com/papers/a-network-visualization-approach-and-global-stock-market-5aa5ucq83s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualized-mst-networks-1hyxbzdx.png Figure 1: Visualized MST Networks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timeline-of-financial-crises-between-1992-and-2012-2or1dhgg.png Table 1: Timeline of Financial Crises between 1992 and 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-important-coefficients-ic-and-rankings-of-the-global-2ei3k1iy.png Table 4: Important Coefficients (IC)and Rankings of the Global MST Network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-clustering-coefficients-from-the-graph-networks-27iepsr6.png Table 5: Clustering Coefficients from the Graph Networks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualized-graph-networks-18-1zlgf9wf.png Figure 2: Visualized Graph Networks 18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mstn-and-gn-construction-description-1e4mlb0z.png Table 3: MSTN and GN Construction Description. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-threshold-of-mstn-2ixh2br3.png Figure 3: Threshold of MSTN https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-country-description-1887b3wf.png Table 2: Country Description. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-approach-to-teaching-software-risk-management-with-4jewmphdur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-safety-integrity-levels-target-failure-measures-237dpazv.png Table 1. Safety Integrity Levels: Target Failure Measures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-skills-vs-experience-requirements-for-sil-projects-3jx21ply.png Figure 1. Skills vs Experience Requirements for SIL projects https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-approach-to-the-study-of-parties-entering-government-4ezybjlor0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-the-predicted-probability-of-joining-the-316y6gcc.png TABLE 2 Changes in the Predicted Probability of Joining the Government when Changing Incumbency Status, Iceland 1995 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parties-versus-government-formation-opportunities-as-1ehtfryw.png TABLE 1 Parties versus Government Formation Opportunities as the Unit of Analysis in Models of Parties Entering Governments https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-asymptotic-theory-for-vector-autoregressive-long-run-1yw0w5jraj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-type-i-error-of-di-erent-tests-in-a-regression-model-1xb33de7.png Table 6: Type I error of di¤erent tests in a regression model with Gaussian AR(1) regressors and error and T = 200: the number of restrictions q = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-type-i-error-of-di-erent-tests-in-a-regression-model-3giwxcuv.png Table 4: Type I error of di¤erent tests in a regression model with Gaussian AR(1) regressors and error and T = 200: the number of restrictions q = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-type-i-error-of-di-erent-tests-for-gaussian-location-82kdw14o.png Table 3: Type I error of di¤erent tests for Gaussian location models with AR errors and T = 100: the number of restrictions q = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-size-adjusted-power-of-the-di-erent-f-tests-under-3v71czwy.png Figure 2: Size-adjusted power of the di¤erent F tests under the Gaussian location model with AR error, sample size T = 100 and number of restrictions q = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-size-adjusted-power-of-the-di-erent-f-tests-under-26pv0t5o.png Figure 1: Size-adjusted power of the di¤erent F tests under the Gaussian location model with AR error, sample size T = 100 and number of restrictions q = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-type-i-error-of-di-erent-tests-for-gaussian-location-2uxjedni.png Table 2: Type I error of di¤erent tests for Gaussian location models with AR errors and T = 100: the number of restrictions q = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-i-error-of-di-erent-tests-for-gaussian-location-2ugevf80.png Table 1: Type I error of di¤erent tests for Gaussian location models with AR errors and T = 100: the number of restrictions q = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-type-i-error-of-di-erent-tests-in-a-regression-model-1lsfzhph.png Table 5: Type I error of di¤erent tests in a regression model with Gaussian AR(1) regressors and error and T = 200: the number of restrictions q = 2 https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-closed-loop-plm-standard-for-mass-products-3eaelts11r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architectural-overview-of-the-promise-pdkm-system-psaj6n60.png Figure 1 Architectural overview of the PROMISE PDKM system (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-standards-through-lifecycle-phases-see-online-1l5w2q0u.png Figure 2 Standards through lifecycle phases (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-pdkm-semantic-object-model-12lgmgso.png Figure 3 The PDKM semantic object model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mol-structure-of-a-typical-refrigerator-2vck03h3.png Figure 5 MOL structure of a typical refrigerator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-predictive-maintenance-of-the-1vn91l5b.png Figure 6 Example of predictive maintenance of the refrigerator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structure-of-the-indesit-demonstrator-in-promise-2ej5yo9k.png Figure 4 Structure of the Indesit demonstrator in PROMISE (see online version for colours) https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-dynamic-trust-model-for-on-cloud-federated-identity-16f91524ch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-trust-factors-in-fim-2w0532vw.png TABLE II. TRUST FACTORS IN FIM https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-causal-relationships-between-trust-features-rlxcvas9.png TABLE III. CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TRUST FEATURES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-map-of-the-causal-relationships-from-the-csp-26uac1h4.png Fig. 2. MAP of the Causal relationships from the CSP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-trust-management-model-for-cloud-apis-11w5yvhf.png Fig. 4. The Trust Management model for Cloud APIs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-general-architecture-of-the-proposed-model-ae72kgba.png Fig. 1. The general architecture of the proposed model https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-beliefs-of-trustworthiness-2jr5cvdv.png TABLE I. BELIEFS OF TRUSTWORTHINESS https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-initial-weight-matrix-of-causal-relationships-from-2eqa22ap.png TABLE V. INITIAL WEIGHT MATRIX OF CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE CSP https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-initial-weight-matrix-of-causal-relationships-from-27yvreh3.png TABLE IV. INITIAL WEIGHT MATRIX OF CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE CSP https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-bound-for-the-2-3-conjecture-22z6kvwkxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-last-six-vectors-1ne9escf.png Table 3: The last six vectors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-elementss1-s7-of-f4-the-edges-of-color-1-2-and-3adk0sy9.png Figure 2: The elementsσ1, . . . , σ7 of F4. The edges of color 1, 2 and 3 are represented by solid, dashed and dotted lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-valuesec-si-for-i-1-7-andc-1-2-3-pn6oymol.png Table 1: The valuesεc(σi) for i ∈ {1, . . . , 7} andc ∈ {1, 2, 3}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-elements-off3-the-edges-of-color-1-2-and-3-are-2u0ymukn.png Figure 1: The elements ofF3. The edges of color 1, 2 and 3 are represented by solid, dashed and dotted lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-first-ten-vectors-r65amij2.png Table 2: The first ten vectors https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-control-method-for-input-output-harmonic-elimination-1k05nkhz5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-output-dc-voltage-and-input-ac-currents-of-case-1-y7r44q3l.png Fig. 5. Output dc voltage and input ac currents of CASE 1 (simulation results). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-output-dc-voltage-and-input-ac-currents-of-case-4-35kvrw0r.png Fig. 8. Output dc voltage and input ac currents of CASE 4 (simulation results). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-output-dc-voltage-and-input-ac-currents-of-case-2-kxmcq9e3.png Fig. 6. Output dc voltage and input ac currents of CASE 2 (simulation results). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-output-dc-voltage-and-input-ac-currents-of-case-3-3j2sxcg6.png Fig. 7. Output dc voltage and input ac currents of CASE 3 (simulation results). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-output-dc-voltage-and-input-ac-currents-of-case-5-3rvx156z.png Fig. 9. Output dc voltage and input ac currents of CASE 5 (simulation results). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-output-dc-voltage-and-input-ac-currents-of-case-5-1hex98ku.png Fig. 23. Output dc voltage and input ac currents of CASE 5. Current probe— 100 mv/A. Voltage probe—2 mV/V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-phase-shift-between-voltage-and-current-in-phase-b-qghbuoew.png Fig. 28. Phase shift between voltage and current in phase B (CASE 7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-phase-a-current-and-voltage-of-case-7-3ikc2qlt.png Fig. 27. Phase A current and voltage of CASE 7. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-edas-based-in-sample-out-of-sample-classifier-for-risk-3fiel63zvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-of-the-performance-of-mda-12mdpbbs.png Table 4: Summary Statistics of The Performance of MDA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-of-the-performance-of-the-oe039wjf.png Table 3: Summary Statistics of the Performance of the Proposed Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dataset-composition-1a258v18.png Table 1: Dataset Composition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-implementation-decisions-for-edas-and-k-nn-3qbu5i36.png Table 2: Implementation Decisions for EDAS and k-NN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-integrated-edas-cbr-framework-15wegfbf.png Figure 1: An Integrated EDAS-CBR Framework https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-era-for-liquid-crystal-research-applications-of-liquid-330nxb177s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-of-the-characteristic-schlieren-texture-of-37450jra.png Fig. 5. An example of the characteristic schlieren texture of nematic liquid crystals in degenerate planar alignment. The micrograph is of a lyotropic nematic formed by discshaped micelles, but the same type of texture can be formed by any type of achiral nematic in degenerate planar geometry. From [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-graphical-definitions-of-the-three-elementary-director-kpih2h6m.png Fig. 6. Graphical definitions of the three elementary director field deformations splay, twist and bend, together with their corresponding terms in the elastic free energy and their respective elastic constants K1, K2 and K3. The drawings illustrate how each deformation can be produced in practice by encapsulating a nematic between flat substrates, the insides of which are prepared such as to ensure uniform planar or homeotropic director orientation at the substrate (the preferred director is indicated with a thick double-headed arrow). Redrawn after de Gennes and Prost [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-cartoon-illustrating-the-two-main-approaches-to-2sr7mv5a.png Fig. 12. Cartoon illustrating the two main approaches to produce nanoporous silica using hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal templates. Reprinted with permission (from reference [37]. Copyright (2007) American Chemical Society). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-schematic-of-the-cholesteric-droplets-functioning-2at3tgec.png Fig. 16. (a) Schematic of the cholesteric droplets functioning as a medium for mirrorless lasing. (b) Polarizing microscopy image of a short-pitch cholesteric droplet reflecting red light. (c) Lasing from the droplet when pumped with an external pulsed laser source. Adapted with permission (Copyright 2010 Optical Society of America) from reference [230]. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-cryo-tem-images-of-soft-nanoparticles-containing-gvsbbfo1.png Fig. 20. Cryo-TEM images of soft nanoparticles containing reversed bicontinuous (aed), sponge (eef) and reversed hexagonal (geh) lyotropic liquid crystal phases. Reprinted with permission from reference [320]. Copyright (2005) American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-examples-of-disclinations-of-magnitude-1-2-1-and-2-of-2993dt00.png Fig. 7. Examples of disclinations of magnitude 1/2, 1 and 2, of positive and negative sign, in a planar-aligned nematic. For the s ¼ 1/2 and s ¼ 1 cases, polarizing micrographs are provided as illustrations how these disclinations can be recognized in the polarizing microscope. Note that the sign of the disclination cannot easily be determined from a single micrograph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-bent-core-liquid-crystal-confined-in-a-flexible-1hp6fpq2.png Fig. 11. A bent-core liquid crystal confined in a flexible container will produce a flexoelectric surface charge due to the improved packing efficiency when the bend of all molecules is along the macroscopic sample bend direction. If the sample is flexed back and forth and electrodes are attached to the outsides, an alternating electrical current can be picked up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-atomic-force-microscopy-images-of-a-sample-of-the-32n7me6z.png Fig. 10. Atomic force microscopy images of a sample of the discotic liquid crystal HAT5 spin coated from toluene solution, forming fibers organized in a nematic-like ordered arrangement. From reference [36]. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-error-metric-for-geometric-shape-distortion-using-49tzrmh20q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-undistorted-cube-b-same-cube-as-in-a-but-with-a-2q9fwbi9.png Figure 4: (a) Undistorted cube; (b) Same cube as in (a), but with a concavity in one face. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-di-for-the-undistorted-cube-middle-di-for-the-w2x3zno9.png Figure 5: (left) DI for the undistorted cube; (middle) DI for the distorted cube; (right) DDI of these depth images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-original-torus-model-b-c-reconstructed-versions-32c24pp2.png Figure 8: (a) Original Torus model; ((b)-(c)) Reconstructed versions of (a) using, respectively, 30% and 40% wavelet coefficients (corresponding DDIs are under each model). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualization-of-depth-images-a-di-of-the-3d-bunny-1a7pg0ci.png Figure 1: Visualization of depth images: (a) DI of the 3D bunny model from one viewpoint; (b) DI of a distorted version of (a) at the same viewpoint; (c) DDI of (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-framework-for-metabolic-modeling-under-non-balanced-30kpau9n56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decomposition-and-reduction-of-the-central-carbon-17ontqtf.png Table 1: Decomposition and reduction of the central carbon metabolic network of C. reinhardtii. Each sub-network was decomposed into a set of macroscopic reactions with elementary flux analysis. + deleted reaction because redundant with the others. I, light intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-central-carbon-network-of-chlamydomonas-reinhardtii-3qestnx4.png Fig 2: Central carbon network of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii decomposed into 5 sub-networks. The network was adapted from (Kliphuis et al. 2011). List of reactions for each sub-network is available in Table 1 and in the supplementary file of (Kliphuis et al. 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summarizes-the-principles-of-our-approach-2b6a74qz.png Figure 1 summarizes the principles of our approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-value-used-for-the-model-simulation-2v4oa0ug.png Table 2: Parameters value used for the model simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-graphene-quantum-dot-sensor-for-estimating-an-3onq7x2e5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-experimental-materials-procurement-details-29niitew.png Table 2.2. Experimental materials procurement details https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-7-molecular-structures-of-neutral-and-zwitterionic-8s1s23bi.png Figure 1.7. Molecular structures of neutral and zwitterionic CP [41]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-structural-depiction-of-gqd-20-xpzd502w.png Figure 1.3. Structural depiction of GQD [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-dpv-curve-for-5mm-ferric-ion-using-unmodified-gce-1yaljgwx.png Figure 3.6. DPV curve for 5mM ferric ion using unmodified GCE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-dpv-for-5mm-ferric-ion-using-unmodified-cnt-29080vca.png Figure 5.1. DPV for 5mM ferric ion using unmodified CNT pipette electrode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-23-pictorial-representation-of-the-binding-of-fe3-3df9u4jj.png Figure 3.23.Pictorial representation of the binding of Fe3+ ions to three CP- ions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-13-a-rear-side-soldering-and-1lyd7ewc.png Figure 2.13. a. Rear side soldering and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-12-interdigitated-sensor-all-spacing-details-are-ief6wobb.png Figure 2.12. Interdigitated sensor (all spacing details are given in mm) https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-method-to-find-the-fractional-slot-windings-structures-mqppngsne7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-flux-density-of-18-subdivisions-of-the-half-2uy8kqtu.png Fig. 16. The flux density of 18 subdivisions of the half stator teeth https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-copper-losses-during-the-functional-cycle-1klysxlk.png Fig. 14. Copper losses during the functional cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-computation-method-of-the-average-copper-losses-2s31ziwz.png Fig. 13. Computation method of the average copper losses during the cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-b-mesh-size-and-flux-density-at-no-load-for-the-30nmtudj.png Fig. 15. b. Mesh size and flux density at no-load for the machine with p=40 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-mesh-size-and-flux-density-at-no-load-for-the-2c4vooip.png Fig. 15. b. Mesh size and flux density at no-load for the machine with p=40 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-geometric-data-of-machine-sf8qh9au.png TABLE I GEOMETRIC DATA OF MACHINE https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-losses-results-6x311o3i.png TABLE V LOSSES RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-average-efficiency-during-the-functional-cycle-e0r8d81q.png TABLE VI AVERAGE EFFICIENCY DURING THE FUNCTIONAL CYCLE https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-switched-dc-link-capacitor-based-multilevel-converter-5g9o1k0q9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-generalized-switching-pattern-of-the-proposed-s6lqgosf.png TABLE 3 A generalized switching pattern of the proposed cascaded multilevel converter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-switching-loss-and-number-of-on-wj652m94.png Fig. 4. Comparison of the switching loss and number of on-state switches versus the number of level of the proposed and other topologies (a) Switching loss versus NLevel, (b) On-state switches versus NLevel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-diagram-of-a-proposed-11-level-inverter-zteuxf35.png Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of a proposed 11-level inverter https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-power-and-efficiency-calculations-of-the-proposed-3ajcxdc0.png TABLE 8 Power and efficiency calculations of the proposed converter based on simulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cost-comparison-of-the-proposed-symmetric-14x1benb.png TABLE 9 Cost comparison of the proposed symmetric configuration with other CHB converter, with equal number of levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-experimental-versus-simulation-values-2yapxng4.png TABLE 11. Experimental versus simulation values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-number-of-levels-versus-the-number-2f2anzld.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the number of levels versus the number of switches and the total standing voltage of the proposed and other topologies (a) The four algorithms presented in the proposed topology and the configurations introduced in [28], [29] and the conventional CHB Trinary configuration, (b) Symmetric NLevel versus NSwitches, (c) NLevel versus VTSV and (d) NSwitch versus VTSV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-required-components-for-a-27-level-inverter-36v3qv78.png TABLE 7 The required components for a 27- level inverter https://scispace.com/papers/a-noise-immune-double-suspended-gate-mosfet-for-ultra-low-27klvs2xt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-3d-representation-of-dsgmosfet-b-crosssection-of-the-1m2nb1qw.png Fig 1 (a) 3D representation of DSGMOSFET, (b) Crosssection of the proposed Structure, (c) Corresponding capacitor circuit (d) Symbol representation of DSGMOSFET, (e) Compared Structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-before-the-bending-of-dsgmosfet-b-after-double-gates-3kdcr4rk.png Fig 2 (a) Before the bending of DSGMOSFET, (b) After double gates collapsed on the gate oxides https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pull-in-a-and-pull-out-b-voltage-variations-with-1do41sgs.png Fig 4. Pull-in (a) and Pull-out (b) voltage variations with respect to tgap for both proposed and compared structures for VFB = 0.13mV, Г = 20µJ/m2, D0 = 0.2nm, E = 170GPa, tbeam = 1nm with the said device parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pull-in-a-and-pull-out-b-voltage-variations-with-1a73k93f.png Fig 5. Pull-in (a) and Pull-out (b) voltage variations with respect to tbeam for both proposed and compared structures for VFB = 0.13mV, Г = 20µJ/m2, D0 = 0.2nm, E = 170GPa, tgap = 10nm with the said device parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pull-in-a-and-pull-out-b-voltage-variations-33j34ii7.png Fig 3. Pull-in (a) and Pull-out (b) voltage variations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pull-in-a-and-pull-out-b-voltage-variations-with-tkw2hqv6.png Fig 6. Pull-in (a) and Pull-out (b) voltage variations with respect to Tsi for both proposed and compared structures for VFB = 0.13mV, Г = 20µJ/m2, D0 = 0.2nm, E = 170GPa, tgap = 10nm, tbeam = 1nm with the said device parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pull-in-and-pull-out-voltage-variations-with-respect-ojf1ls8p.png Fig 7. Pull-in and Pull-out voltage variations with respect https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-gate-to-channel-capacitance-vs-gate-voltage-1djpfz5h.png Fig 8.Gate to channel capacitance vs Gate Voltage https://scispace.com/papers/a-new-model-for-ejected-particle-velocity-from-erupting-49dps66wdh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-some-examples-of-bubble-eruption-at-different-cg3yh8vc.png Fig. 6. Some examples of bubble eruption at different superficial gas velocities. Note that the scale of pictures (e) and (f) are different from the others. (d) shows a dome collapsed bubble. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-velocity-profiles-for-up-b-and-up-g-the-sum-of-both-is-wahtb622.png Fig. 1. Velocity profiles for Up,b( ) and Up,g( ). The sum of both is the particle ejection velocity Up( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-non-dimensional-velocity-profiles-for-a-vertical-fbh5la0i.png Fig. 2. Non-dimensional velocity profiles for a vertical-ascent circular bubble. Solid lines: proposed model, dotted lines: Fung’s model. Db = 5 cm, Ub = 57.5 cm/s and Ug = 8 cm/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-bubble-direction-a-and-bubble-velocity-b-uvtofrr2.png Fig. 8. Comparison of bubble direction (a) and bubble velocity (b) with the direction and velocity of the maximum particle ejection velocity vector measured at different superficial gas velocities. Dashed lines indicate ±30% of error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-the-bubble-and-growth-velocities-1gd8pt2r.png Fig. 9. Comparison of the bubble and growth velocities calculated from Eqs. (7) and (9) with the experimental results ( =0.80 and =9.86). Dashed lines indicate ±30% of error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-layout-dimensions-in-millimeters-3gt5e1rs.png Fig. 3. Experimental layout. Dimensions in millimeters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-determination-of-the-eruption-instant-a-and-c-original-35ve4c5z.png Fig. 4. Determination of the eruption instant: (a) and (c) original photographs (elapsed time: 4ms), (b) and (d) treated photographs with a zoom in the breaking region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ellipses-fitted-to-the-dome-contour-of-the-two-1h8xwirv.png Fig. 5. Ellipses fitted to the dome contour of the two consecutive frames shown in Fig. 4(a), with a continuous line and (c), with a dotted line. The separation between both ellipses determines the dome velocity profile. https://scispace.com/papers/a-noncommutative-discrete-potential-kdv-lift-2qvct1wsc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quad-graph-2p96yzn7.png Figure 1: Quad-Graph. https://scispace.com/papers/a-note-on-peer-to-peer-satellite-refueling-strategies-25ksp6f975 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-costs-and-running-times-28g7k679.png Table 2: Costs and running times https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-constellations-2cix2nlr.png Table 1: Sample Constellations https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-approach-based-on-elephant-herding-optimization-for-1f3df2zzf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-convergence-graphs-of-eho-variants-27y2jwpz.png Figure 2. The convergence graphs of EHO variants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-of-gl-eho-and-other-algorithms-2yxwv8zh.png Table 2. A comparison of GL-EHO and other algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-comparison-of-gl-eho-and-heho-23gt09ha.png Table 3. A comparison of GL-EHO and HEHO https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-pseudo-code-of-the-basic-eho-to-solve-8cxwglxb.png Figure 1. The pseudo code of the basic EHO to solve constrained optimization problem https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-of-eho-variants-for-constrained-33vj0qq4.png Table 1. Experimental results of EHO variants for constrained optimization problems https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-approach-to-dg-curtailment-in-rural-distribution-41geztq99s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overview-of-curtailment-events-1gzja9ds.png TABLE I. OVERVIEW OF CURTAILMENT EVENTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cumulative-curtailed-energy-over-the-regarded-week-2ojlehvo.png Figure 8: Cumulative curtailed energy over the regarded week https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-enlarged-view-of-the-resulting-power-flowing-2fc3vf9q.png Figure 6: Enlarged view of the resulting power flowing through the HV line for the first period highlighted in Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-enlarged-view-of-the-resulting-power-flowing-3qsww5lb.png Figure 7: Enlarged view of the resulting power flowing through the HV line for the second period highlighted in Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sgh-architecture-and-flow-of-commands-2ragx3xb.png Figure 1: SGH Architecture and Flow of Commands https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sorted-history-of-the-curtailment-request-durations-2lc5ll12.png Figure 4: Sorted history of the curtailment request durations in 2016/17 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-combined-load-on-hv-lines-before-curtailments-1kaso26j.png Figure 5: Combined Load on HV lines Before Curtailments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sorted-history-of-the-requested-curtailment-power-v8tjpv10.png Figure 3: Sorted history of the requested curtailment power in 2016/17 https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-heat-transfer-coefficient-identification-methodology-qex0n25ri2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-calibration-unit-for-profiles-3p5yz348.png Figure 2: Typical calibration unit for profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-dimensional-geometry-used-to-model-the-heat-1iqhvwbu.png Figure 3: Two-dimensional geometry used to model the heat transfer between the calibrator and the polymer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-evolution-of-the-parameters-during-the-1eq6blup.png Figure 7: The evolution of the parameters during the optimization with Newton-Raphson with initial variations of hint (top left), hair (top right), Tin (down left), and Tair (down right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coordinates-and-temperatures-obtained-numerically-in-ds8tgjlb.png Table 1: Coordinates and temperatures obtained numerically in the considered points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-mesh-for-the-polymer-calibrator-model-1adlgwrn.png Figure 5: Schematic mesh for the polymer/calibrator model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-representation-of-the-measured-points-location-2v8fs56u.png Figure 6: Representation of the measured points location. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-temperatures-obtained-on-the-experimental-test-3bhgqv20.png Table 4: Temperatures obtained on the experimental test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-points-used-for-the-2-2-points-fitting-test-2ia6dro2.png Figure 10: points used for the 2+2 points fitting test. https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-in-vivo-bioassay-for-xeno-estrogens-using-transgenic-nc0kcdg9fc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-luciferase-activity-fold-induction-in-light-units-15on18ky.png FIGURE 4. (A) Luciferase activity (fold induction in light units/µg protein relative to vehicle exposed controls) in testis of adult transgenic zebrafish exposed for 96 h to increasing doses of E2. (B) Luciferase protein expression in testis of adult transgenic zebrafish exposed for 48 h to 1000 nM E2. Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded sections using polyclonal anti-luciferase antibody, showing (a, b) expression of luciferase localized in clusters of primary spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. No background staining is found in (c) non-E2-induced transgenic testis; (d) negative controls without primary antibody; and (e) wild-type nontransgenic testis (Bar ) 50 µM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-luciferase-activity-in-tissues-of-adult-male-17c32gvt.png FIGURE 3. (A) Luciferase activity in tissues of adult male transgenic zebrafish exposed for 48 h to 1000 nM E2 (fold induction in light units/µg protein relative to vehicle exposed controls) and (B) tissuerelated expression of zebrafish estrogen receptor type ER-r and ER-â mRNA in nonexposed adult male zebrafish. “Control” lane shows PCR product from liver cDNA (10 000 copies) amplified under the same conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-luciferase-activity-fold-induction-in-light-units-2zd1hula.png FIGURE 2. Luciferase activity (fold induction in light units/µg protein relative to vehicle exposed controls) in juvenile (35 days post fertilization) transgenic zebrafish exposed for 96 h to (A) increasing doses of 17â-estradiol (E2) and (B) 1000 nM of the estrogenic compounds 17r-estradiol (E2-17A), estrone (E1), diethylstilbestrol (DES), ethinylestradiol (EE2), and o,p′-DDT (DDT). Bars show mean luciferase induction in individual fry (n ) 3-4); error bars show standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-luciferase-activity-in-developing-life-stages-of-n0uo5eu8.png FIGURE 1. (A) Luciferase activity in developing life stages of transgenic zebrafish exposed for 48 h to 1000 nM 17â-estradiol (fold induction in light units/µg protein relative to vehicle exposed controls) and (B) stage-related expression of zebrafish estrogen receptor type ER-r and ER-â mRNA in nonexposed developing life stages (dpf ) days post fertilization). “Control” lane shows PCR product from liver cDNA (10000 copies) amplified under the same conditions. In Figure 1(A), age given indicates age at initiation of exposure. Bars show the luciferase induction in pools of embryos from 1 to 21 dpf: 1 dpf: n ) 20; 7 dpf: n ) 10, 14 dpf: n ) 10; 21 dpf: n ) 5. For embryos of 28 and 35 dpf, bars show mean luciferase induction in individual fry (n ) 4); error bars show standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-method-for-the-analysis-of-particle-coating-ycuqg92ucf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalised-cov-and-fitted-decay-curves-as-a-function-5wh2u6lf.png Fig. 6. Normalised CoV and fitted decay curves as a function of mixing time for four different viscosity (µ) PEG solutions (● = 131 mPa.s, ▲= 665 mPa.s, ■ =3115 mPa.s, x = 14903 mPa.s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-coating-rate-constants-plotted-as-a-function-of-1f3inj3a.png Fig. 7. Coating rate constants plotted as a function of coating liquid viscosity, a) normal viscosity and b) log viscosity. Error bars represent standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-capillary-number-calculated-for-each-solution-y2hujf0k.png Table 3 Capillary number calculated for each solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-labelled-image-of-coated-particles-2mm2n1c3.png Fig. 3. Labelled image of coated particles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extracted-fitting-parameters-and-time-taken-for-o5sdawb5.png Table 2 Extracted fitting parameters and time taken for coating completion for all series of experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-dyed-polyethylene-glycol-peg-1uu0p6na.png Table 1 Properties of the dyed polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tumbling-drum-experimental-set-up-3681t5ad.png Fig. 2. Tumbling drum experimental set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spray-coating-mechanisms-a-drop-deposition-b-contact-v0repewn.png Fig. 1. Spray coating mechanisms: (a) drop deposition (b) contact spreading. https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-method-for-accurate-and-efficient-barcode-detection-3sglklonny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-barcode-patterns-from-left-to-right-top-row-1d-codes-kju7yazo.png Fig. 1. Barcode patterns (from left to right). Top row (1D codes): Code39, Codabar, Code128, UPC-A; Middle row (1D codes): UPC-E, EAN-13, EAN8, I2of5; Bottom row (2D codes): Codablock, PDF417, Data Matrix, QR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-set-of-generated-test-images-with-various-blur-and-fyjwwxx0.png Fig. 4. A set of generated test images with various blur and noise level. Rows: 10%, 30%, and 50% noise, Columns: Blur with σ = 0.5, 1.5, 2.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-accuracy-of-the-algorithms-for-different-blur-3otny9m0.png TABLE IV ACCURACY OF THE ALGORITHMS FOR DIFFERENT BLUR LEVELS, FOR IMAGES CONTAINING A SINGLE CODE AND FOR THOSE CONTAINING 3 CODES. MEAN VALUES (EXPRESSED IN PERCENT) FOR ALL DISTORTED IMAGES WITH 1D BARCODES (TOP), AND FOR ALL IMAGES WITH 2D CODES (BOTTOM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-intermediate-and-final-outputs-of-the-algorithms-at-2fe177as.png Fig. 5. Intermediate and final outputs of the algorithms at key phases. From top to bottom: TT, ETJC, JJXQ, Proposed. From left to right: original image (a), after preprocessing (b), before the last step (c), final output (d). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-accuracy-of-the-algorithms-for-various-types-of-i3vhmtvd.png TABLE III ACCURACY OF THE ALGORITHMS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF CODES, FOR IMAGES CONTAINING A SINGLE CODE AND FOR THOSE CONTAINING 3 CODES. MEAN VALUES (EXPRESSED IN PERCENT) FOR ALL DISTORTED IMAGES WITH 1D BARCODES (TOP), AND FOR ALL IMAGES WITH 2D CODES (BOTTOM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intermediate-stages-of-the-processing-by-the-four-3v8v2m8l.png Fig. 2. Intermediate stages of the processing by the four algorithms. Columns: TT, ETJC, JJXQ, and Proposed. First row: original image, last row: final output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-accuracy-of-the-algorithms-for-different-noise-3grv27iw.png TABLE V ACCURACY OF THE ALGORITHMS FOR DIFFERENT NOISE LEVELS, FOR IMAGES CONTAINING A SINGLE CODE AND FOR THOSE CONTAINING 3 CODES. MEAN VALUES (EXPRESSED IN PERCENT) FOR ALL DISTORTED IMAGES WITH 1D BARCODES (TOP), AND FOR ALL IMAGES WITH 2D CODES (BOTTOM). https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-accuracy-of-the-algorithms-for-real-life-images-yimudmuu.png TABLE VI ACCURACY OF THE ALGORITHMS FOR REAL-LIFE IMAGES CONTAINING A SINGLE 1D BARCODE. MEAN VALUES (EXPRESSED IN PERCENT). https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-obfuscation-class-hierarchy-flattening-1ilpj1gnv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-code-size-overhead-1o4t25vg.png Fig. 9: Code size overhead https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selection-rules-18ljgs9a.png Fig. 4: Selection rules https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flattened-class-hierarchy-subtrees-1z1yhry2.png Fig. 6: Flattened class hierarchy subtrees https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-dacapo-9-12-bach-benchmarks-before-and-3cmau3y1.png Table 2: Overview of DaCapo 9.12-bach benchmarks before and after Identifier Obfuscation (IO). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-performance-overhead-2kaz6hxi.png Fig. 11: Performance overhead https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-class-hierarchy-of-a-simple-drm-media-player-19pdjfeq.png Fig. 1: Class hierarchy of a simple DRM media player https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-instancoef-lookup-table-agbwhv2b.png Table 1: instancoef lookup table https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-partial-implementation-of-the-player-mediastream-and-9prjqekv.png Fig. 2: Partial implementation of the Player, MediaStream and MP3File classes https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-polyphasic-identification-system-for-genus-2e947zde6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-misidentified-trichoderma-species-through-nucleotide-37wy0fpn.png Table 3 Misidentified Trichoderma species through nucleotide markers with default retrieval parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-outline-of-the-web-interface-of-pist-bhmuth4b.png Fig 3 Outline of the web interface of PIST https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unidentified-trichoderma-species-through-nucleotide-2edzkgyc.png Table 2 Unidentified Trichoderma species through nucleotide markers with default retrieval parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tested-marker-sequences-showed-low-sequence-similarity-2twse23x.png Fig 4 Tested marker sequences showed low sequence similarity intraspecies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-research-fields-related-to-trichoderma-in-wed-of-35yfz05e.png Fig 2 The research fields related to Trichoderma in Wed of Science from 1997 to 2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accurately-identified-trichoderma-species-through-2osn5el8.png Table 1 Accurately identified Trichoderma species through nucleotide markers with default retrieval parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-number-of-publications-related-to-trichoderma-in-27ubayww.png Fig 1 The number of publications related to Trichoderma in Wed of Science from 1997 to 2017 https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-power-analysis-attack-resilient-adiabatic-logic-5oqjhkccjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-equivalent-rc-models-of-a-syal-and-nand-9-b-cssal-and-3ccxdcjr.png Fig. 1. Equivalent RC models of (a) SyAL AND/NAND [9] (b) CSSAL AND/NAND[8] gate during evaluation phase for 4 input combinations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-syal-sqal-not-buf-9-10-schematic-b-cssal-not-buf-8-3ocprg2e.png Fig. 3. (a) SyAL/SQAL NOT/BUF [9],[10] schematic (b) CSSAL NOT/BUF [8] schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-16-input-transitions-for-2-input-gates-a-as-given-in-8-1qoe1tr2.png Fig. 2. 16 input transitions for 2-input gates (a) as given in [8] (b) real life relevent adiabatic input transistions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pre-layout-simulation-results-comparing-the-ned-of-izsqw6te.png TABLE I.PRE-LAYOUT SIMULATION RESULTS COMPARING THE %NED OF NOT/BUF AND 2-INPUT GATES USING CSSAL, SQAL, SYAL AND PROPOSED LOGIC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-proposed-power-analysis-attack-resilient-not-buf-gate-2259rabz.png Fig. 4. Proposed power analysis attack resilient NOT/BUF gate (a) Schematic (b) Layout. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-proposed-power-analysis-attack-resilient-and-nand-gate-estg9tit.png Fig. 5. Proposed power analysis attack resilient AND/NAND gate (a) Schematic (b) Equivalent RC model in evaluation phase. https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-simulation-based-approach-for-trace-signal-selection-2zrmpjxakj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-5-significance-of-the-order-of-signal-selection-case-2-17lxtp4y.png Fig 2.5: Significance of the order of signal selection (Case 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-6-eliminating-dependence-on-order-of-selection-of-flip-22uxzqjw.png Fig 2.6: Eliminating dependence on order of selection of flip-flops https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3-derivation-of-forward-and-backward-equations-for-and-1cqfskuq.png Fig 2.3: Derivation of forward and backward equations for AND gate (a) K-map for Z0 (b) K-map for Z1 (c) K-map for A0 (d) K-map for A1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-4-significance-of-the-order-of-signal-selection-case-1-1nimlvoe.png Fig 2.4: Significance of the order of signal selection (Case 1) https://scispace.com/papers/a-novel-technique-including-gps-radio-occultation-for-22ko4wtegq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-individual-temperature-anomaly-profiles-before-the-3gjh4vav.png Figure 5. Individual temperature anomaly profiles before the eruption (green) and after the 590 eruption (red) with mean anomaly profile (black) in the area of the Nabro volcano (10 x 10 591 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-puyehue-top-four-panels-and-nabro-bottom-four-27yjwywc.png Figure 2. Puyehue (top four panels) and Nabro (bottom four panels) cases before (left column) 559 and after (right column) the respective eruption (Puyehue starting 5 June 2011, Nabro 12 June 560 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monthly-mean-temperature-anomaly-profile-top-panels-1b3m18fm.png Figure 3. Monthly mean temperature anomaly profile (top panels) and bending angle anomaly 578 profile (bottom panels) averaged over May 2007–2013 (heavy green) and June 2007–2013 579 (heavy blue), and standard deviation of the individual monthly-means about this average for May 580 (light green) and June (light blue), in the area of Puyehue (a, c) and Nabro (b, d), respectively. 581 June 2011, the month of the eruption, is excluded. 582 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-individual-temperature-anomaly-profiles-top-panels-1g8r9kl9.png Figure 4. Individual temperature anomaly profiles (top panels) and bending angle anomaly 584 profiles (bottom panels) in deep-convective environme t (green), in non-deep-convective 585 environment (blue), and mean anomaly profile for each profile ensemble (black), shown for June 586 2010 in the area of Puyehue (a, c) and Nabro (b, d), respectively. 587 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-left-so2-cloud-from-omi-data-during-the-nabro-2kkwz0cf.png Figure 1. (top-left) SO2 cloud from OMI data during the Nabro eruption, and (bottom-left) ash 549 index from AIRS data during the Puyehue eruption. (top-right) Cloud top altitudes of volcanic 550 plumes (cross symbols) for Puyehue (green), and Nabro (red), derived from RO data. (bottom-551 right) Correlation between cloud top altitudes deriv d from RO with the closest cloud top 552 altitudes from CALIOP (circles). Horizontal solid lines denote the respective monthly 553 climatological tropopause altitudes for the three volcano locations. Numbers in brackets denote 554 the number of RO profiles. 555 https://scispace.com/papers/a-numerical-soft-fault-model-for-iterative-linear-solvers-9wzt0y0lyj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overhead-comparison-with-fault-detection-on-for-a-ttwwvjc8.png Figure 2: Overhead comparison with fault detection on, for a numerical fault model (right) and random bit flip injection (left) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overhead-comparison-with-no-fault-detection-for-a-3me0k83d.png Figure 1: Overhead comparison with no fault detection, for a numerical fault model (right) and random bit flip injection (left) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-additional-preconditioner-applies-with-reactive-fg94ocq7.png Table 2: Additional preconditioner applies with reactive fault tolerance; percent additional applies in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-additional-preconditioner-applies-given-no-fault-3qjmpaqm.png Table 1: Additional preconditioner applies given no fault detection; percent additional applies in parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/a-numerical-approach-to-harmonic-noncommutative-spectral-33xhzz5x1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-specific-heat-for-u-1-2f8l421c.png Figure 5.6: Specific heat for µ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-27-starting-from-the-up-left-corner-and-from-the-2o2cxcwh.png Figure 5.27: Starting from the up left corner and from the left to the right the densities for ϕ2a, ϕ 2 0, ϕ 2 1, Z 2 0a, Z 2 00 and Z 2 01 for µ = 0.5 varying Ω and N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-9-starting-from-the-up-left-corner-and-from-the-kk2izejd.png Figure 5.9: Starting from the up left corner and from the left to the right the densities for ϕ2a, ϕ 2 0, ϕ 2 1, Z 2 0a, Z 2 00 and Z 2 01 for µ = 1 varying Ω and N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-on-the-left-comparison-of-ph2a-blue-ph-2-0-purple-3bermcmc.png Figure 5.8: On the left comparison of ϕ2a (blue), ϕ 2 0 (purple) and ϕ 2 1 (green) density. On the right comparison of Z20a (blue), Z 2 00 (purple) and Z 2 01 (green) density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-20-specific-heat-density-for-0-5-varying-u-and-n-2zauuyem.png Figure 5.20: Specific heat density for Ω = 0.5 varying µ and N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-19-total-energy-density-and-contributions-for-0-5-2i3aj755.png Figure 5.19: Total energy density and contributions for Ω = 0.5 varying µ and N . From the left to the right E, V , D, F . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-finite-size-scaling-behavior-of-the-specific-heat-3mdrxype.png Figure 3.2: Finite size scaling behavior of the specific heat density of the 2D Ising model on L× L lattices close to the critical point βc . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-28-total-energy-density-and-contributions-for-u-1-2gcxs1bz.png Figure 5.28: Total energy density and contributions for µ = 1 varying Ω and N . From the left to the right E, V , D, F and comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/a-p-adaptation-method-for-compressible-flow-problems-using-a-409bvh6yaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-mapping-that-relates-the-local-coordinates-x1-21r3hj0c.png Figure 2: The mapping that relates the local coordinates (x1, x2) to the reference coordinates (ξ1, ξ2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-computational-domain-for-the-flow-g4zvvgvr.png Figure 1: Sketch of the computational domain for the flow past an aerofoil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-error-in-lift-coefficient-obtained-qz2nbijq.png Table 4: Comparison of the error in lift coefficient obtained using goal-based p-adaptation for three-dimensional inviscid flow past an ellipsoid. The error is calculated with respect to the reference lift coefficient corresponding to P = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-new-polynomial-distribution-based-on-the-goal-dt5o7ox9.png Figure 12: The new polynomial distribution based on the goal-based error indicator for the inviscid flow past an ellipsoid of revolution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-error-in-drag-coefficient-for-1tj6epy6.png Table 2: Comparison of the error in drag coefficient for uniform polynomial refinement and goal-based p-adaptation for subsonic laminar flow. The error is calculated with respect to the solution obtained using constant P = 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-goal-based-p-adaptation-for-inviscid-flow-past-a-3gsktdxt.png Figure 5: Goal-based p-adaptation for inviscid flow past a NACA 0012 aerofoil (Ma = 0.4, α = 5◦). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-error-in-lift-coefficient-using-39i83509.png Table 3: Comparison of the error in lift coefficient using goal-based p-adaptation for transonic inviscid flow. The error is calculated with respect to the value crefl = 0.35619 evaluated in references [24, 25]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-between-the-polynomial-distributions-1gp5uuz6.png Figure 9: Comparison between the polynomial distributions obtained for the inviscid transonic flow case using the goal-based error indicator with restriction of the polynomial order to P = 3 at shocks (9b) and without (9a). https://scispace.com/papers/a-numerical-study-of-the-behaviour-and-failure-modes-of-119rife3jt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-failure-modes-for-column-section-uc-356x406x340-1cxt3z6u.png Table 10: Failure modes for column section UC 356×406×340 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-true-stress-strain-curve-used-to-simulate-s355-p53a7nxz.png Figure 13: True stress –strain curve used to simulate S355 material behaviour in the parametric study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-column-section-uc-305x305x118-l-4-m-impact-3igcqrpa.png Figure 22: Column (section UC 305×305×118, L=4 m, impact location = 1 m, P/PDesign=50%) behaviour under the same impact energy but with different combinations of impactor mass and velocity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-shape-and-dimensions-of-the-impactor-used-in-the-2km9pa7u.png Figure: 14 Shape and dimensions of the impactor used in the parametric study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-collapse-shape-showing-locations-of-plastic-hinge-1b8wy5oo.png Figure 26: Collapse shape showing locations of plastic hinge for different axial load ratios (a) L= 8 m, impact location =2 m, Mass =6 Ton; (b) L= 8 m, impact location =1 m, Mass =3 Ton; (c) L= 4 m, impact location =1.5 m, Mass =6 Ton ;( e) L= 4 m, impact location=1 m, Mass =3 Ton https://scispace.com/figures/figures-23-and-24-show-that-the-plastic-hinge-location-is-2s122loq.png Figures 23 and 24 show that the plastic hinge location is not significantly effected by the axial load values or the impact location because it is always close to the column mid-span (0.375- 0.5)L. This is because when the column fails by global plastic instability, the deformation shape of the column is more likely to follow the first mode for static buckling [17], especially for high levels of axial compressive load (> 30%Pdesign). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-axial-strain-on-the-lower-surface-mtba1xy8.png Figure 11: Comparison of axial strain on the lower surface underneath the striker between the experimental [11] and the present numerical simulation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-material-failure-parameters-used-in-the-present-f52hupoc.png Table 2: Material failure parameters used in the present numerical model https://scispace.com/papers/a-numerical-study-of-coulomb-interaction-effects-on-2d-3psfb7r1l2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectral-density-si-o-of-current-fluctuations-at-fwuc6lkx.png Figure 4. Spectral density SI (ω) of current fluctuations at fixed Coulomb interaction strength χ = 0.5, as a function of observation frequency ω measured in units of ω0 ≡ g/h̄ν0a2, for several values of conductor length L . Each point represents data averaged over 48 conductor samples at fixed parameters (χ = 0.5, T = 0 and E/E0 = 0.07). Small points show results for W/a = 30, while open squares are for W/a = 60 (at L/a = 40). Thin dashed lines are only guides for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectral-density-si-o-of-current-fluctuations-at-t-3v2oiheu.png Figure 5. Spectral density SI (ω) of current fluctuations at T = 0 and χ = 0.5, normalized to the Hooge scaling factor a2 〈I 〉2 /LWω0, as a function of observation frequency ω (measured in units of ω0) for several values of electric field. Each point represents data averaged over 48 conductor samples of the same size (ranging from 20a × 14a to 120a × 60a, depending on E). Lines are only guides for the eye. For E/E0 = 0.07, the results are plotted for a few conductor sizes, 50a × 30a, 60a × 30a and 70a × 30a (small points) and 40a × 60a (open squares). The results imply that the 1/ f -type noise (in this normalization) is virtually size- and field-independent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-values-of-parameters-lc-and-lh-giving-the-best-5o28hn2b.png Figure 7. The values of parameters Lc and Lh giving the best fitting of shot noise results for equations (13) and (28), respectively, for sufficiently large conductors (L , W Lc), as functions of electric field at T = 0 for the cases of negligible (χ = 0, open squares and triangles) and substantial (χ = 0.5, solid squares and triangles) Coulomb interaction. For comparison, circles show the results for the simple direction-weighted average hop length along the electric field direction (29). Dashed curves are only guides for the eye, while solid lines are the best fits using the variable-range hopping and percolation theory predictions (see the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-particle-density-of-states-n-e-n0-averaged-th50xn77.png Figure 1. Single-particle density of states ν (ε) /ν0 averaged over a large number of conductors at χ = 0.5, T = 0 and E = 0 for (a) several conductor lengths L for large width W/a = 40 at fixed half-bandwidth of the seed energy band (B = 1) with and without the screening due to electrostatic boundary effects, and for (b) several values of the half-bandwidth B for sufficiently large conductors with screening. The straight lines correspond to equation (1) with α = 2/π ≈ 0.64. Curves are only guides for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-fano-factor-f-and-its-high-frequency-3618bk6s.png Figure 6. Average Fano factor F and its high-frequency counterpart F∞ (equations (26) and (27), respectively) as functions of conductor length L normalized to: (a) the localization length a, and (b) the scaling lengths Lc (for F) and Lh (for F∞) (see figure 7 below), for two values of applied field at χ = 0.5, T = 0 and W Lc. Straight lines are the best fits to the data (using equations (13) and (28)), while dashed curves are only guides for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nonlinear-dc-conductivity-s-as-a-function-of-39cb9bsm.png Figure 3. Nonlinear DC conductivity σ as a function of electric field E for several values of temperature T and Coulomb interaction strength χ . Points are Monte Carlo results averaged over a large number (from 20 to 96) of conductors of the same size (ranging from 20×14a2 to 800×500a2 , depending on χ , T and E). Solid symbols show results for T = 0, while open symbols correspond to T = 0. Thin dashed lines are only guides for the eye. Thick solid lines are the fits to the T = 0 results using equations (8) and (10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-dc-conductivity-s-for-negligible-coulomb-1r2qwfwq.png Figure 2. Linear DC conductivity σ for negligible Coulomb interaction and finite Coulomb interaction as a function of temperature. Points show the Monte Carlo results which were obtained by the direct averaging of current calculated for a large number (from 20 to 96) of conductors with a random distribution of localized states, but the same macroscopic parameters. The sample size ranged from 20a ×14a to 80a ×50a, depending on χ and T . Thin dashed lines are only guides for the eye, while the thick solid lines correspond to the best fits of the data by equations (4) and (6). https://scispace.com/papers/a-p-giannini-and-the-giannini-foundation-of-agricultural-2ic551o468 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-selected-chronological-landmarks-in-u-s-and-113x51kh.png Table A-3. Selected Chronological Landmarks in U.S. and California Agricultural History https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-publications-by-decade-1930-1999-hwkee90h.png Figure 4. Number of Publications by Decade, 1930–1999 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-economic-research-of-interest-to-agriculture-1970-w5e1tw0m.png Table 5. Economic Research of Interest to Agriculture, 1970–1999 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-publications-by-members-of-the-giannini-foundation-3bvv7nv1.png Table 4. Publications by Members of the Giannini Foundation, 1930–2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-characteristics-of-california-agriculture-3umpulnb.png Table 1. Selected Characteristics of California Agriculture, 1929–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-congruence-of-numbers-of-faculty-members-2mtuu685.png Table 3. Congruence of Numbers of Faculty Members, Departmental Expenditures, and Values of Agricultural Output, Selected U.S. States, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportions-of-publications-by-field-1929-1999-398ov33v.png Figure 3. Proportions of Publications by Field, 1929–1999 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-california-orange-and-grape-real-cash-receipts-1930-t9pexsbm.png Figure 2. California Orange and Grape Real Cash Receipts, 1930–2007 https://scispace.com/papers/a-p53-dependent-translational-program-directs-tissue-1pqwkfq14m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-vivo-ribosome-profiling-reveals-the-landscape-of-7rfnizi7.png Figure 4. In vivo ribosome profiling reveals the landscape of p53-dependent and -independent translation changes upon Rps6 haploinsufficiency. (A-B) MA plot of change in translational efficiency (ΔTE) in E10.5 Prx1Cre;Rps6lox/+ vs. Rps6lox/+ embryonic forelimbs in Trp53+/+ background (A) and Trp53-/- background (B). red, ΔTE > 0; blue, ΔTE < 0; n = 3 biological replicates (2 embryos each); FDR < 0.1. (C) Gene sets enriched for transcripts changing in TE in E10.5 Prx1Cre;Rps6lox/+ vs. Rps6lox/+ forelimbs. Analysis performed by CAMERA, transcripts filtered for expressed genes; node size, gene set size; edge size, gene set overlap; red, ΔTE > 0; blue, ΔTE < 0; FDR < 0.1. (D) Relative change in ribosome footprints for select high-confidence transcripts (red; FDR < 0.1). Relative changes in mRNA expression shown in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rps6-haploinsufficiency-in-the-developing-limb-bud-8a2zm57p.png Figure 1. Rps6 haploinsufficiency in the developing limb bud mesenchyme leads to selective patterning defects marked by activation of p53 and a reduction in global protein synthesis. (A) Overview of forelimb development from embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) to E17.5. AER, apical ectodermal ridge; h, humerus; r, radius; u, ulna. (B) RT-qPCR of Rps6 mRNA in forelimbs from E10.5 embryos. Expression normalized to the geometric mean of housekeeping genes Actb, Tbp, Ubb, Exo5, Pkm2, and Nadk2 then to the mean of wildtype values. n = 6. (C) Diagram of Cre recombinase activity distribution in limb bud mesenchyme (Prx1Cre; orange), or in the overlying AER (Msx2Cre; green). (D-I), Representative images of E17.5 forelimbs and hindlimbs from wildtype (top row), Prx1Cre;Rps6lox/+ (middle row), and Msx2Cre;Rps6lox/+ (bottom row). Bone, red; Cartilage, blue. Numbers indicate digits. Arrow indicates absence of radius. Scale bars, 1 mm. (J) Sox9 in situ hybridization of E12.5 forelimbs. Numbers indicate mesenchymal condensations leading to digit formation. *Impaired digit development. Arrow indicates absence of radius. Scale bars, 0.1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-depletion-of-ribosomal-proteins-commonly-mutated-in-paoidy7u.png Figure 6. Depletion of ribosomal proteins commonly mutated in ribosomopathies induces Eif4ebp1 expression. Relative mRNA expression of p53 target genes and Eif4ebp1 in primary limb micromass cultures after siRNA knockdown of Rps19 and Rps14. Rps19 and Rps14 levels upon knockdown are also shown. Expression was normalized to the geometric mean of TBP and NupL1 and then to siRNA control. n = 4. Error bars = SEM, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, two-tailed t-test, unequal variance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-loss-of-p53-rescues-the-rps6-haploinsufficiency-3f04q3k6.png Figure 3. Loss of p53 rescues the Rps6 haploinsufficiency phenotypes, and p53 activation mediates translational changes upon Rps6 reduction. (A-D) Representative E17.5 forelimbs of wildtype and Prx1Cre;Rps6lox/+ embryos in a Trp53 wildtype (Trp53+/+) and Trp53 null (Trp53-/-) background. Arrow indicates absence of radius. Scale bars, 1 mm; h, humerus; r, radius; u, ulna. (E) Potential pathways for p53-dependent translational control upon Rps6 haploinsufficiency. (F) OP-Puro MFI of cells dissociated from E10.5 forelimbs normalized to mean of wildtype (Rps6lox/+). n = 5 embryos. (G) HPG MFI of mouse embryonic fibroblasts treated with Nutlin-3a or doxorubicin normalized to mean of DMSO treated control. 8 h treatment, n = 4. For all bar plots, error bars = SEM, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, two-tailed t-test, unequal variance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-p53-controls-translation-via-transcriptional-2e4lrxfa.png Figure 5. p53 controls translation via transcriptional upregulation of Eif4ebp1. (A) Potential model of p53-dependent translational control upon Rps6 haploinsufficiency. (B) HPG MFI of MEFs expressing wildtype or transactivation dead p53 (Trp53QM) treated with Nutlin-3a or doxorubicin normalized to mean of DMSO control expressing wildtype p53. 8 h treatment, n = 6. (C) Eif4ebp1 expression from RNA-Seq of E10.5 forelimbs normalized to wildtype (Rps6lox/+;Trp53+/+), n = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mtorc1-activation-with-corresponding-augmented-1jg5jknf.png Figure 2. mTORC1 activation with corresponding augmented protein synthesis rescues phenotypes associated with Rps6 haploinsufficiency. (A) Overview of pathways potentially leading to developmental phenotypes upon Rps6 haploinsufficiency. p53 activation and impaired translation have been proposed as independent models to explain developmental phenotypes in ribosomopathies. In Figure 2, we investigate the contribution of translation dysregulation. (B) Schematic of mTORC1 regulation and downstream effects. (C-F) Representative E17.5 forelimbs of wildtype (Rps6lox/+) and Prx1Cre;Rps6lox/+ embryos in Tsc2 wildtype (Tsc2+/+) or conditional loss of Tsc2 (Tsc2lox/lox) background. Arrow indicates absence of radius. Scale bars, 1 mm; h, humerus; r, radius; u, ulna. (G) OP-Puro MFI of cells dissociated from E10.5 forelimbs normalized to wildtype. n = 7 embryos, (Rps6lox/+;Tsc2+/+); n = 6 embryos, (Prx1Cre;Rps6lox/+;Tsc2+/+); n = 9 embryos, (Rps6lox/+;Tsc2lox/lox); n = 8 embryos, (Prx1Cre;Rps6lox/+;Tsc2lox/lox). (H) Relative expression of p53 target genes as measured by RT-qPCR of E10.5 forelimbs. Expression is normalized to the geometric mean of Actb and Tbp then to the mean of wildtype values. n = 4 embryos for Rps6lox/+, Prx1Cre;Rps6lox/+, and Prx1Cre;Rps6lox/+;Tsc2lox/lox, n = 3 embryos for Rps6lox/+;Tsc2lox/lox. https://scispace.com/papers/a-palimpsest-memory-based-on-an-incremental-bayesian-379z3h891v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-weights-between-two-units-that-are-active-together-2wot78jw.png Fig. 1. (a) Weights between two units that are active together at 104t420 (solid line) and when only one unit is active (dot}dash line), a"0.05. (b) Forgetting curve during continuous learning. A 100-unit network was trained with 50 sparse patterns and recall measured as the ratio of correct retrievals from noisy input patterns for di!erent values of a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-convergence-time-for-retrieval-of-stored-patterns-a-3s1ovbea.png Fig. 3. Convergence time for retrieval of stored patterns. (a) shows the e!ect of recency at full memory load. Pattern 1 is the most recently learned pattern. The line represent the mean of the convergence times. (b) shows the e!ect of increasing the memory load. The network is trained with 10 patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-number-of-correctly-retrieved-patterns-as-a-function-2vwxfebj.png Fig. 2. (a) Number of correctly retrieved patterns as a function of a for di!erent sizes of the training set. Pattern 1 is the most recent. (b) Distribution of states after convergence from a random initial state in a network trained with 10 patterns, pattern 11 corresponds to convergence to the low-activity steady state. https://scispace.com/papers/a-parallel-high-throughput-approach-to-liquid-crystal-3yu7uhxrxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-selected-experimental-data-obtained-from-the-high-273l19so.png FIG. 5. Selected experimental data obtained from the high-throughput screening apparatus for liquid crystal phase transitions. For clarity the number of data points has been reduced by a factor of 3. Liquid crystal transitions can be seen as steps in the data. An Increase in intensity occurs due to a crystallineto nematic transition and a decrease in intensity due to a nematic to isotropic transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scolor-onlined-ir-images-of-the-high-throughput-2lposvhi.png FIG. 3. sColor onlined IR images of the high-throughput screening hot-plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-path-of-unpolarized-light-through-a-pair-of-13nljcyq.png FIG. 1. The path of unpolarized light through a pair of perpendicularly aligned linear polarizers showing the interaction when a sample of liquid crystal is introduced. Normally light which has been linearly polarized in one plane cannot pass the second polarizer, however the presence of an optically anisotropic liquid crystal between the polarizers causes linearly polarized light to become circularly polarized and able to pass through the second film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-high-throughput-screening-apparatus-3tc2m53e.png FIG. 2. Schematic of the high-throughput screening apparatus for liquid crystal phase transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-comparison-of-the-high-throughput-screening-3tfznwn2.png FIG. 7. A comparison of the high-throughput screening apparatus for liquid https://scispace.com/papers/a-part-based-skew-estimation-method-3n615wc0ww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deskewed-text-images-of-fig-3-by-the-proposed-1duk98i2.png Figure 4. Deskewed text images of Fig. 3 by the proposed method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-skew-estimation-accuracy-on-equation-images-by-1frisc2w.png Table I SKEW ESTIMATION ACCURACY ON EQUATION IMAGES BY VARIOUS METHODS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-the-test-set-used-in-basic-performance-1rp5505b.png Figure 3. Examples of the test set used in basic performance test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-test-set-in-experiment-c-1o572qin.png Figure 8. Test set in experiment C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-with-conventional-methods-2y9py2qz.png Figure 10. Comparison with conventional methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-local-skew-estimations-are-shown-by-colors-35z32vkm.png Figure 9. Local skew estimations are shown by colors. Correspondence relation between angles and colors are shown on the top left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-local-parts-detected-by-surf-a-red-line-in-each-2tii09pw.png Figure 1. Local parts detected by SURF. A red line in each square was used to indicate the orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-proposed-method-2lxw5iuc.png Figure 2. Overview of the proposed method. https://scispace.com/papers/a-parsimonious-monitoring-approach-for-link-bandwidth-sjm4qdixqd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-computation-time-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-et90eupp.png Fig. 3: Computation time as a function of the number of switches https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-the-number-of-accepted-request-as-function-of-3rpdh541.png Fig. 5b. The hit ratio for Enhanced Statistics Collector and for Floodlight Statistics Collector https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bandwidth-allocation-algorithm-15w00plj.png Fig. 4: Bandwidth allocation algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5b-the-hit-ratio-for-enhanced-statistics-collector-and-1svz0cbr.png Fig. 5b. The hit ratio for Enhanced Statistics Collector and for Floodlight Statistics Collector https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-internal-structure-of-our-solution-1bznr18a.png Fig. 2: Internal structure of our solution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-case-study-1r0rd7d3.png Fig. 1: The case study https://scispace.com/papers/a-passive-sampler-for-water-vapor-1bufrsfwne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weight-gain-of-a-paaaive-aampler-for-vacer-vapor-2oox3lsf.png Figure 3. Weight gain of a paaaive aampler for vacer vapor veraua daya of ezpoaure to an atmoaphere near 100% RH at rooa temperature. Solid line illuatratea departure froa linearity aa the capacity of the aampler ia ezceeded. https://scispace.com/papers/a-partition-based-approach-to-structure-similarity-search-3gm2hyzxg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fixed-size-substructures-26lox12u.png Figure 2: Fixed-size Substructures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-index-size-mb-t-6-znfyzeeo.png Table 2: Index Size (MB, τ = 6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pars-index-statistics-t-6-7bd4dnqr.png Table 3: Pars Index Statistics (τ = 6) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-extension-based-verification-immtkt7m.png Figure 5: Example of Extension-based Verification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experiment-results-vggls0uj.png Figure 6: Experiment Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-data-and-query-graphs-jtpifff4.png Figure 1: Sample Data and Query Graphs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-partitioning-of-g-in-figure-1-3txyu57a.png Figure 3: Example of Partitioning of g′ in Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dataset-statistics-oe6ijof3.png Table 1: Dataset Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/a-particle-filter-to-track-multiple-objects-1v60twerd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trajectoriesof-thethreetargetsandof-theobserver-1hzxuu4y.png Figure 3. : Trajectoriesof thethreetargetsandof theobserver : Thetargettrajectoriesandtheirestimationwith https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-frames-and-of-apedestrianvideo-sequencewith-jam3gmzq.png Figure 6. : Frames+ , and of apedestrianvideo-sequencewith occlusions; : Outlineof themotionarea detectedaroundoneof themoving person; : Fouriercontourobtainedby inverseFouriertransformof thetruncated discreteFouriertransformto thefivefirst coefficientsof thepreviousoutline. https://scispace.com/papers/a-passive-sampling-method-for-radiocarbon-analysis-of-3hif9svc4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3fdif7rc.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-volume-ml-0-1-ml-d13c-in-brackets-0-1-0-1s-and-14c-1nttghp2.png Table 1 Volume (ml ± 0.1 ml), δ13C (in brackets; ±0.1 ‰ (1σ)) and 14C content (italics; %modern) of atmospheric CO2 collected by passive trapping on molecular sieve using the ‘one opening’ configuration of sampler. Samples were collected for different exposure times: short (S; 42 or 84 days), medium (M; 126 or 168 days) and long (L; 294 days). Sampling was concurrent so that sieve cartridges experienced the same conditions, and therefore, where results from short period samples have been combined they should be identical to results for the corresponding longer period sample (see Fig. 2 and text). Radiocarbon publication codes given in square brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-volume-ml-0-1-ml-d13c-in-brackets-0-1-0-1s-and-14c-k5pv1dlj.png Table 2 Volume (ml ± 0.1 ml), δ13C (in brackets; ±0.1 ‰ (1σ)) and 14C content (italics; %modern) of atmospheric CO2 collected by passive trapping on molecular sieve using the ‘two openings’ configuration of sampler. Samples were collected for different exposure times: short (S; 42 days), medium (M; 84 days) and long (L; 168 days). Sampling was concurrent so that sieve cartridges experienced the same conditions, and therefore, where results from short period samples have been combined they should be identical to the results for the corresponding longer period sample (see Fig. 2 and text). Radiocarbon publication codes given in square brackets. https://scispace.com/papers/a-path-integral-method-for-data-assimilation-2v70h44mbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-decreasing-confidence-in-the-data-stream-r-0-17s5fu6k.png Fig. 5. Effect of decreasing confidence in the data stream. R = 0.01, data read every 4 time steps. (a) Data (connected circles) and drifter mean history estimate (connected dots); (b) standard deviation estimate for the drifter path as a function of time, x and y components; (c) estimated vortical tracks (dots). The vortical tracks at measurement times which accompanied the drifter path which served as data is shown in circles. This (circle) data was not used in the assimilation process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-efficiency-comparison-for-the-various-1u6wo25t.png Table 1 Computational efficiency comparison for the various sampling strategies. MC is local Monte Carlo, gMC is general Monte Carlo and the HMCJ refers to the hybrid Monte Carlo, where J refers to the number of τ steps. gHMCT is the generalized hybrid Monte Carlo with a tridiagonal matrix. All cases were run using 107 MCMC trials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-smoother-results-on-hidden-variable-problem-r-0-001-2bbbtwx5.png Fig. 2. Smoother results on hidden variable problem. R = 0.001; the data was read every 4 time steps. (a) Drifter path with noise which served as data (connected circles). Estimated drifter mean history (connected dots). (b) Standard deviation estimate for the two components x and y describing the drifter path, as a function of time. (c) Estimated vortical tracks (connected dots). The circles represent the vortical tracks that were generated with the drifter data. In the assimilation process the data represented by circles is not used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-drifter-and-vortex-paths-in-the-absence-of-noise-the-16idyxbl.png Fig. 1. Drifter and vortex paths in the absence of noise. The vortices rotate counter-clockwise on a shared circular path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimal-estimation-assimilation-of-data-generated-with-1ehj3zpj.png Fig. 3. Optimal estimation. Assimilation of data generated with the discretization that went into building the action. R = 0.001, data inserted every 4 time steps. (a) Drifter and (b) vortex path estimates, as given by HMC. Other sampling schemes give nearly identical outcomes. The drifter data (circles in a) was obtained by using (6). All parameters are the same as those used in computing Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-decreasing-data-stream-insertion-frequency-r-901tpqlj.png Fig. 4. Effect of decreasing data stream insertion frequency. R = 0.001, data read every 15 time steps. (a) Data (connected circles) and drifter mean history estimate (connected dots); (b) standard deviation estimate for the drifter path as a function of time, x and y components; (c) estimated vortical tracks (dots). The vortical tracks, shown at measurement times, which was generated with the drifter path which served as data, is shown in circles. This (circle) data was not used in the assimilation process. https://scispace.com/papers/a-phenome-wide-association-study-phewas-of-covid-19-outcomes-2ng8xj4ftv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-top-20-traits-from-white-and-black-5he97gbj.png Table 2. Comparison of the top 20 traits from White and Black cohorts across COVID-19 outcome PheWAS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-venn-diagrams-of-the-top-50-traits-each-circle-8dgvkdux.png Figure 4. Venn diagrams of the top 50 traits. Each circle represents the top 50 hits from the full cohort PheWAS. Traits shared across PheWAS are stated, while the corresponding number of traits within a given disease category that are unique to that PheWAS are also provided. Abbreviations: NOS, not otherwise specified; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-venn-diagrams-of-the-top-50-traits-each-circle-1dznex80.png Figure 4. Venn diagrams of the top 50 traits. Each circle represents the top 50 hits from the full cohort PheWAS. Traits shared across PheWAS are stated, while the corresponding number of traits within a given disease category that are unique to that PheWAS are also provided. Abbreviations: NOS, not otherwise specified; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-manhattan-plot-showing-the-phenome-wide-association-3hhr20br.png Figure 3. Manhattan plot showing the phenome-wide association between disease conditions and prognostic outcomes for COVID-19. Models are adjusted for age, sex, race (full cohort only), and three census tract-level socioeconomic indicators: proportion with less than high school education, proportion unemployed, and proportion with annual income below the federal poverty level. The x-axis are individual disease codes, color-coded by their corresponding disease category as described in the shared legend. The y-axis represents the −log10 transformed p-value of the association. The dashed, horizontal lines represent the p = 0.05 (in orange) and the Bonferroni corrected p-value (0.05/number of tests; in red). Each point is represented by either an upward triangle indicating a positive association or a downward triangle indicating a negative association. (A): Full cohort, (B): Restricted to Whites, (C): Restricted to Blacks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-manhattan-plot-showing-the-phenome-wide-association-1aee4rj4.png Figure 3. Manhattan plot showing the phenome-wide association between disease conditions and prognostic outcomes for COVID-19. Models are adjusted for age, sex, race (full cohort only), and three census tract-level socioeconomic indicators: proportion with less than high school education, proportion unemployed, and proportion with annual income below the federal poverty level. The x-axis are individual disease codes, color-coded by their corresponding disease category as described in the shared legend. The y-axis represents the −log10 transformed p-value of the association. The dashed, horizontal lines represent the p = 0.05 (in orange) and the Bonferroni corrected p-value (0.05/number of tests; in red). Each point is represented by either an upward triangle indicating a positive association or a downward triangle indicating a negative association. (A): Full cohort, (B): Restricted to Whites, (C): Restricted to Blacks https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cont-1fukayz1.png Table 2. Comparison of the top 20 traits from White and Black cohorts across COVID-19 outcome PheWAS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-the-covid-19-tested-2mmh5qv8.png Table 1. Descriptive Characteristics of the COVID-19 Tested/Diagnosed cohort at Michigan Medicine (10 March–2 September 2020). https://scispace.com/papers/a-phenomenological-and-extended-continuum-approach-for-y7q042qcrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-couette-flow-results-for-k-n-0-5-dsmc-predictions-f-1p90li1x.png Fig. 3 Couette flow results for K n = 0.5; DSMC predictions ( f illed circle), NSF solution with conventional slip boundary conditions (dashed dotted line), G13 solution with conventional slip boundary conditions (dashed line), and combined G13 and Knudsen layer wall scaling solution (solid line) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-couette-flow-1un8wv68.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of Couette flow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-couette-flow-results-for-k-n-0-1-dsmc-predictions-f-2nyh52l5.png Fig. 2 Couette flow results for K n = 0.1; DSMC predictions ( f illed circle), NSF solution with conventional slip boundary conditions (dashed dotted line), and combined G13 and Knudsen layer wall scaling solution (solid line) https://scispace.com/papers/a-phenomenological-model-of-soil-evaporative-efficiency-2t154tmg8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulated-versus-observed-ec-derived-see-for-data-1jib1m4w.png Figure 8: Simulated versus observed (EC-derived) SEE for data with LEp > 100 W m−2 during P2 (top), P3 (middle) and P7 (bottom) period and for M16 and new models separately. In all six cases, both θ1/2 and ∆θ −1 1/2 are calibrated during P0 from EC-derived SEE data with LEp > 100 W m−2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-th1-2-and-th-1-1-2-parameters-retrieved-from-27ixwa4w.png Table 2: List of θ1/2 and ∆θ −1 1/2 parameters retrieved from EC measurements for data with LEp > 100 Wm−2 (for data with LEp > 400 Wm−2 in parenthesis) and for periods P0−8 separately. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-start-and-end-day-of-year-doy-of-the-9-study-periods-ut5ylpb1.png Table 1: Start and end day of year (DOY) of the 9 study periods, including the whole bare soil period (P0) at Sidi Rahal site in 2016 and its 8 subperiods (P1− 8) bounded by significant rainfall events. The soil moisture range, mean soil moisture, mean EC-derived SEE and mean potential evaporation are also listed for each period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-model-results-in-terms-of-a-retrieved-th1-2-b-28vst2q4.png Figure 10: Model results in terms of (a) retrieved θ1/2, (b) retrieved ∆θ −1 1/2, (c) RMSE in simulated SEE and (d) RMSE in simulated evaporation are presented for an increasing observation cycle −ranging from the hourly to the 8-day period− of TI calibration data. The mean (circles) and standard deviation (errorbars) of retrieved parameters are computed from an ensemble of input TI data sets (with LEp > 400 Wm−2) collected at 11:30 am, 12:00pm and 12:30pm separately and, for observation cycles longer than 1 day, on all possible observation cycles shifted by 1 day. The mean (circles) and standard deviation (errobars) of RMSE in SEE/LE are computed from data (with LEp > 100 Wm−2) during the whole study period using the ensemble of parameter pairs (θ1/2,∆θ −1 1/2) retrieved previously. For comparison purposes, the RMSE of the SEE/LE estimated by M16 (pedotransfer function) and S92 (fixed parameters) is also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-observed-see-for-data-with-lep-100-wm-2-is-1y3hztgm.png Figure 5: The observed SEE for data with LEp > 100 Wm−2 is plotted as a function of δt at the daily time scale for a wet (January 7th) and dry (May 1st 2016) day (top) and the estimated daily slope δSEE/δt is plotted as a function of the daily mean SEE (bottom) for each day of period P0 and for the EC-derived (left) and TI-derived (right) SEE case separately. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-same-as-for-table-2-with-model-parameters-calibrated-1rmuc3wo.png Table 5: Same as for Table 2 with model parameters calibrated using TI measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-coefficient-r-slope-of-the-linear-3bo5zyud.png Table 4: Correlation coefficient (R), slope of the linear regression (S) and root mean square difference (RMSD) between simulated and measured evaporation at Sidi Rahal site. https://scispace.com/papers/a-phenomenological-variant-of-ecological-systems-theory-3v619tclfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-of-negative-learning-attitudes-on-female-3vlrlyye.png Table 4. Regression of negative learning attitudes on female headship, stressful life events, perceived social supports (positive teacher expectation for Black male students, perceived unpopularity with peers, perceived popularity with peers), and reactive (adaptive) coping method (general positive attitude) (Girls n = 85 ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrices-by-gender-arj1jl4y.png Table 2. Correlation matrices by gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-of-negative-learning-attitudes-on-female-39ndzmm2.png Table 3. Regression of negative learning attitudes on female headship, stressful life events, perceived social supports (positive teacher expectation for Black male students, perceived unpopularity with peers, perceived popularity with peers), and reactive (adaptive) coping method (general positive attitude) (Boys n = 181 ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-of-relationship-among-female-headship-3ctq1kfm.png Figure 2. Model of relationship among female headship, stressful events, perceived social supports, general positive attitude, and negative learning attitude. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-significance-levels-by-gender-for-37l7ogc7.png Table 1. Means and significance levels by gender for independent and dependent variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-phenomenological-variant-of-ecological-systems-3g2qjtfj.png Figure 1. A Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory (PVEST) (Spencer, 1995). https://scispace.com/papers/a-phenotypic-analysis-of-gp-evolved-team-behaviours-n3sk6nkv41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-evolved-team-chromosome-3ptl8fv9.png Figure 1: Sample Evolved Team Chromosome. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-decision-tree-for-classification-of-team-behaviours-epglbp2s.png Figure 3: Decision Tree for Classification of Team Behaviours. https://scispace.com/papers/a-photobleaching-resistant-polymer-supported-hexanuclear-xk5ngvc0xx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustrative-examples-of-the-photoreactions-with-1kl2hqsj.png Figure  2.  Illustrative  examples  of  the  photoreactions with:  (top) DMA  10‐4 M,  EtOH; (middle) FA 4x10‐5 M, CH3CN and (bottom) DHN 10‐4 M, CH3CN. https://scispace.com/papers/a-physical-approach-to-moving-cast-shadow-detection-2guq33yqi6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-feature-value-distribution-of-shadows-inside-in-1zti6b50.png Fig. 2. Color feature value distribution of shadows inside (in red) and at the light/shadow border (in blue). Samples are taken from the sequence “Highway I”. (a) Illumination attenuation αt(p) (b)(c) angle information: θt(p), and φt(p), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-physical-cast-shadow-model-a-linear-attenuation-model-2nxyo2kp.png Fig. 1. Physical cast shadow model. (a) Linear attenuation model and the proposed model. The linear model will fail when the SPD of ambient illumination does not consistent with that of the light sources. (b) Background appearance variation due to cast shadows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantitative-results-on-surveillance-sequences-3naxvhye.png Table 1. Quantitative results on surveillance sequences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-shadows-at-shadow-light-border-a-original-274tcxwc.png Fig. 4. Effect of shadows at shadow/light border (a) Original frame of sequence ”Highway I”. (b)(c) Foreground posterior without/with considering shadows at shadow/light border. https://scispace.com/papers/a-picture-is-worth-more-words-over-time-multimodality-and-5b04n7c4j7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-attentional-framing-categories-a-b-come-mcbe41j3.png Figure 3: Examples of attentional framing categories. (a–b) come from Lady Luck by Klaus Nordling (1949), and (c–d) come from Doll Man by Bill Quackenbush (1950). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changes-in-types-of-multimodal-interactions-across-3rkutpgn.png Figure 4: Changes in types of multimodal interactions across decade of publication date for American superhero comics. Solid lines depict Assertive relationships, dotted lines depict Dominant relationships, and double bar lines depict Autonomous relationships. Color and marker indicate modality (Co: purple/triangle; Verb: square/red; Vis: blue/circle). Error bars depict standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-words-per-panel-used-in-american-2p4kcfd1.png Figure 5: Number of words per panel used in American superhero comics across the decades. Error bars depict standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-f-values-and-r-squared-values-for-linear-polynomial-3fohiv75.png Table 1: F-values and R-squared values for linear polynomial trends of various structures across decade of publication date. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-sequences-in-which-verbal-information-carries-1hob909p.png Figure 1: Two sequences in which verbal information carries the weight of meaning, but which differ in the structure of the visual sequences. A Verb-Assertive interaction is used in (a) while a Verb-Dominant interaction is used in (b). Examples come from Lady Luck by Klaus Nordling (1949). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-different-types-of-framing-for-panels-used-in-3adycpju.png Figure 7: Different types of framing for panels used in American superhero comics across the decades. Error bars depict standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-different-types-of-framing-for-panels-used-in-37rcjc2d.png Figure 6: Different types of framing for panels used in American superhero comics across the decades. Error bars depict standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-sequences-in-which-visual-information-carries-2vtgt5os.png Figure 2: Two sequences in which visual information carries the weight of meaning, but which differ in the grammatical content of the verbal text. A Vis-Assertive interaction is used in (a) while a Vis-Dominant interaction is used in (b). Examples come from Lady Luck by Klaus Nordling (1949). https://scispace.com/papers/a-pixel-parallel-cellular-processor-array-in-a-stacked-three-43ww9q1fq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-digital-processing-element-dpe-2omant46.png Figure 4. Digital Processing Element(DPE) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-analogue-processing-element-ape-1qcqp1fn.png Figure 3. Analogue Processing Element (APE) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-photopixels-implemented-in-the-first-tier-e2mszf3y.png Figure 2. Two photopixels implemented in the first tier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-proposed-vision-chip-individual-32a9c0js.png Figure 1. Overview of the proposed vision chip. Individual sensing/ processing elements (PEs) are physically distributed across 3 silicon tiers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sram-memory-cell-used-in-the-digital-layer-16tr5n4g.png Figure 5. SRAM memory cell used in the digital layer. https://scispace.com/papers/a-pilot-study-of-once-daily-antiretroviral-therapy-e3cnzs7qvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-in-mean-cd4-cell-count-in-patients-on-3m1csb16.png FIGURE 3. Change in mean CD4 cell count in patients on standard TB and antiretroviral therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-twenty-patients-were-enrolled-19-remained-on-study-219ldhya.png FIGURE 2. Twenty patients were enrolled: 19 remained on study and 17 completed standard TB and antiretroviral therapy and achieved a viral load <50 copies at 24 weeks. †, withdrew at 2 weeks; *, unrecognized multidrug-resistant TB on enrollment; #, poorly adherent, ¶, antiretroviral resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percent-of-all-enrolled-patients-with-non-2duwp210.png FIGURE 1. Percent of all enrolled patients with non-detectable viral load (<50 copies). https://scispace.com/papers/a-planetary-scale-disturbance-in-the-most-intense-jovian-2lza919wmy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-meridional-profile-of-the-ntbs-jet-stream-1u3ha73u.png Figure 4. Meridional profile of the NTBs jet stream asmeasured using HST images on 9–10 February 2016 about 7–8 months before the outbreak (black curve with wind error measurement indicated [Hueso et al., 2017b]). The velocity and location of the NTBD disturbance features are shown as dots: green for the plumes (A, C, and D), blue dots for long-term tracked features (dark and white spots, tracking for 5–10 days), and circles for all kind of features (tracking on Pic-du-Midi images for about 50 h using two methods). The NTBD data correspond to the period 11 October to 11 November 2016. The horizontal orange lines mark the limits of the pre-outbreak band that was bright in UV but dark in methane absorption at 890 nm (Figure S1). The horizontal purple lines mark the limits of the reddish band that formed when the NTBD activity ceased (Figure S5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-simulations-of-the-ntbd-using-three-3gzu5mwd.png Figure 5. Numerical simulations of the NTBD using three sources as plumes: (a) Shallow Water model (potential vorticity (vorticity/thickness) and (b) EPIC model (Ertel potential vorticity [Sánchez-Lavega, 2011]. The upper panel identifies the plumes by arrows and shows the evolution of the NTBD after 7 and 18 days, respectively. The bottom panel shows EPIC results after 45 simulation days of the three-plume evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-images-of-the-ntbd-outbreak-plumes-a-junocam-image-3h4dm2ti.png Figure 1. Images of the NTBD outbreak plumes: (a) JunoCam image series obtained on 14 October in SCET (UT at spacecraft, hh:mm:ss), from right to left: Image 085 (09:43:31), Image 089 (10:45:07), Image 091 (11:15:10), Image 113 (16:45:16), and Image 115 (17:15:20). The dark spots pertaining to the NTBD (blue arrows) and the four different plumes (A, B, C, andD) aremarkedby red arrows and circles, respectively. (b) SpeX IRTF images on19October showing plumes (A, C, andD) atwavelengths 3.8 μm (19:47:39 UT, left, and 17:50:27 UT, middle) and 2.12 μm (19:56:51, right). (c) Map showing the location of plumes C, A, and D from the series (Figure 1b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-drift-rate-in-system-i-longitude-of-the-features-37vmg9gn.png Figure 2. Drift rate in System I longitude of the features pertaining to the NTBD, tracked between 10 October and 4 November 2016. The plumes A, C, and D are identified by red dots. Plume B is the blue dot: it disappeared or merged with plume C. The dark dots indicate features forming the NTBD westward of the plumes. The lines identify the tracking of the features. Data from JunoCam images are for 11–14 October. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-images-showing-the-features-pertaining-to-the-ntbd-d5uw2l9l.png Figure 3. Images showing the features pertaining to the NTBD westward of the plumes: (a) Images acquired at the Picdu-Midi Observatory obtained within the spectral range 0.742–1.0 μm showing the same region of the NTBD after 49 h, at the indicated days and times. (b) Strips maps of the NTBD on 2 November at the indicated times and wavelengths with longitude in System I and planetographic latitudes. Two families of features are shown, one at mean planetographic latitude 24.5° (identified by yellow arrows, cyclonic) and the other at 21.5° (identified by blue dashed arrows, anticyclonic). However, we note that some of the features in the 2.16 and 3.8 μm images may be unrelated to the NTBD. The red arrow identifies a particularly bright spot, probably transient, at 3.8 μm (high aerosol density). The residual of plume A is probably the weakly bright spot in the IR 742 nm filter at ~320° I (not present at other wavelengths). (c) Color enlargement showing the morphology of the first strip shown in Figure 3b. The cartoon shows a possible circulation for each dark spot—arcshaped pair within the pre-outbreak meridionally sheared flow at right. The dashed violet line marks the location of the jet peak before the outbreak. https://scispace.com/papers/a-planning-framework-for-non-prehensile-manipulation-under-ftz9q5vwr2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-capture-region-generated-with-our-push-grasping-2p8kxvkr.png Fig. 11 Capture region generated with our push-grasping simulation and validated by robot experiments. 150 validation tests were performed in total. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-if-the-uncertainty-region-of-an-object-is-included-in-1v1gsnvg.png Fig. 12 If the uncertainty region of an object is included in the capture region of a push-grasp, then the push-grasp will be successful. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-an-example-plan-to-retrieve-a-can-behind-a-large-2s4hzej1.png Fig. 16 An example plan to retrieve a can behind a large ungraspable box on a shelf. The robot first pushes the ungraspable large box to the side and then reaches in to get the can out. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-planner-rearranging-clutter-to-reach-to-a-goal-3c88sn7b.png Fig. 1 The planner rearranging clutter to reach to a goal object. Pushing actions are useful for moving large objects that do not fit inside the hand, i.e. are not graspable. Planning time for the full sequence of actions in this example is 16.6 sec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-planner-generates-pushing-actions-that-are-robust-8q2h8c9k.png Fig. 2 The planner generates pushing actions that are robust to the pose uncertainty of objects. Uncertainty is represented using copies of the same object at different poses. Planning time for the full sequence of actions in this example is 23.4 sec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-given-an-object-pose-the-minimum-required-pushing-3g2s7iu2.png Fig. 10 Given an object pose, the minimum required pushing distance d to grasp that object can be found using a precomputed capture region of a push-grasp with pushing distance Dmax. In the figure, d = 0 for P1 since it is already in the hand; P2 can not be grasped with a push shorter than Dmax since it is outside the capture region; for P3 and P4 the required pushing distances can be found by computing d = Dmax − d3sub and d = Dmax − d4sub respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-example-push-grasps-executed-by-our-robot-1dafdmco.png Fig. 14 Example push-grasps executed by our robot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-plans-that-the-pushing-planner-and-the-pick-and-1yu295m9.png Fig. 15 The plans that the pushing planner and the pick-and-place planner generates in the same scene are presented. The pushing planner is more efficient as it is able to sweep the large box to the side. The pick-and-place plan needs to move more objects and takes more time to execute. The planning time is also more for the pick-and-place planner (27.8 sec vs. 16.6 sec) as it needs to plan more actions. https://scispace.com/papers/a-polymer-based-spiky-microelectrode-array-for-17ratsktbq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representative-electrophysiological-signals-obtained-3v4co9ia.png Fig. 5 Representative electrophysiological signals obtained from in vivo experiments on rat neocortex. The frequency of the slow oscillation is approximately 1.6 Hz, indicating a state of slow-wave sleep, caused by ketamine - xylazine anesthesia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-in-vivo-cortical-recording-b-noise-measured-in-9o222p2x.png Fig. 6 a In vivo cortical recording. b Noise measured in physiological saline with the same electrode and recording system (same scale). c Zoomed view of the noise (y scale reduced to 1%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-microfabricated-component-contains-with-1hbr58qi.png Fig. 2 a The microfabricated component contains with electrodes, corresponding bonding pads and lead wires. The bottom PI and top SU-8 isolating polymer layers are almost totally transparent. b Image of the spiky electrode array at the tip. The center-to center distance of the sensors is 50 µm. c The microfabricated component mounted on a PCB. The MEMS component is turned over, so the electrode surfaces are facing downwards. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bode-plot-of-average-electrochemical-impedance-lf2mupz5.png Fig. 3 Bode plot of average electrochemical impedance spectrum of the microelectrodes on a microelectrode array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-coronal-section-of-the-rat-brain-2-76-mm-posterior-hfos869m.png Fig. 4 a Coronal section of the rat brain -2.76 mm posterior to the bregma. Illustration is based on https://scispace.com/papers/a-practical-approach-based-on-shape-from-shading-and-fast-c5u4fw8l82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-spherical-segment-reconstructed-using-the-proposed-1kgoxed4.png Fig. 3. (a) Spherical segment reconstructed using the proposed algorithm; (b) Error map in the plane xy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-starting-exemplificative-image-b-surface-recovered-1jc5m26w.png Fig. 2 – (a) Starting exemplificative image; b) surface recovered after STEP 1; (c) Evaluation of the normal map after STEP 3; (d) Final surface after STEP 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-spherical-segment-ground-truth-b-spherical-segment-29l13up9.png Fig. 1. (a) Spherical segment ground truth; (b) spherical segment reconstructed using FMM. https://scispace.com/papers/a-practical-approach-to-3d-scanning-in-the-presence-of-klkbmbcp7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-error-analysis-of-our-code-ensemble-algorithm-section-2i31mbwf.png Fig. 10 Error analysis of our code ensemble algorithm (Section 5.1). First and third rows: Joint error probability matrices for different pairs of schemes, for different values of p. Most of the off-diagonal values are of the order of 10−6. Second and fourth rows: Sum of rows of the joint error probability matrices. The resulting plots are the probabilities that the code ensemble algorithm will result in a decoding error, for each projector column. Most of the probability values are less than 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-concave-metal-lamp-a-highly-challenging-object-due-to-1wa3knbw.png Fig. 23 Concave metal lamp: A highly challenging object due to strong, high-frequency interreflections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-error-detection-and-correction-color-online-a-we-use-efocl9dc.png Fig. 24 Error Detection and Correction (color online): (a) We use the same consistency check as in the code ensemble algorithm for detecting errors. (a-d) Four depth maps using the individual codes. (e) Depth using the code ensemble algorithm has a significant amount of residual errors. (f) For a pixel, if no two codes agree on a depth value, it is marked as an error pixel (red). Since no extra patterns are projected, the error detection stage places no overhead in terms of acquisition time. In subsequent iterations, scene points that are already decoded correctly are not illuminated. This is achieved using an illumination masks (g,h). By progressively reducing the number of points getting illuminated (and hence, interreflections), the residual errors are reduced [38] (i,j). This object is very hard to reconstruct with existing schemes (k,l). Using our techniques, we achieve a high quality reconstruction (n). The mean errors for our result (n), conventional Gray codes (k) and modulated PS (l) are 1.2mm, 29.8mm and 43.9mm respectively (height of lamp = 250mm). The parentheses contain number of input images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-measuring-3d-shape-of-a-fruit-basket-color-online-a-14tib9hx.png Fig. 17 Measuring 3D shape of a fruit-basket (color online). (a) This scene has both interreflections (corner of the fruitbasket) and subsurface scattering on the fruits. (b-c) Conventional Gray codes and phase-shifting produce erroneous depthmaps to interreflections (errors marked in red). (d) Modulated phase shifting produces errors on the translucent fruits due to low direct component. (e) Our technique using an ensemble of codes results in significantly fewer errors. Parentheses contain the number of input images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-depth-map-computation-for-the-bowls-and-milk-scene-3oiorsrg.png Fig. 18 Depth map computation for the bowls and milk scene (color online). (b) Conventional Gray codes and (c) phase-shifting result in errors (marked in red) at points receiving strong interreflections. (d) Depth-map using our code ensemble. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-code-ensemble-algorithm-to-reconstruct-scenes-with-19jdkrpw.png Fig. 8 Code ensemble algorithm to reconstruct scenes with multiple indirect illumination effects (color online): https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-deep-wax-container-failure-case-points-inside-the-1kpzlale.png Fig. 21 Deep wax container (failure case): Points inside the container receive both strong interreflections and strong subsurface scattering. Since none of the four codes compute the correct shape, the code ensemble fails to reconstruct the object. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-wax-bowl-interreflections-subsurface-scattering-a-37mjkau4.png Fig. 20 Wax bowl (interreflections+subsurface scattering): (a) Points inside the bowl receive weak interreflections (the bowl is shallow) and strong subsurface scattering. (b) Shape computed using the code ensemble algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/a-practical-perspective-on-ulvan-extracted-from-green-algae-p59gkacj4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-relevant-biological-activities-associated-oijo62h4.png Table 3 Summary of relevant biological activities associated with ulvan and its potential strategic application in a pharmaceutical context, according to diverse studies reported in the literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-patents-related-to-ulvan-or-its-1dgrqrvd.png Table 5 Summary of patents related to ulvan or its derivatives https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-structures-based-on-ulvan-developed-for-biomedical-2k90xp83.png Table 4 Structures based on ulvan developed for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine https://scispace.com/papers/a-predictive-model-for-risk-and-trust-assessment-in-cloud-2rauapb7lu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-taxonomy-of-trust-information-sources-based-on-6-1hf1wmy4.png Figure 3: Taxonomy of Trust Information Sources based on [6] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-taxonomy-of-risk-factors-open-group-based-on-11-2bb4rc7p.png Figure 1: Taxonomy of Risk Factors (Open Group) based on [11] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proposed-framework-for-attack-pattern-detection-1nrfq0ar.png Figure 5: Proposed Framework for Attack Pattern Detection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-process-based-on-37-2597jpol.png Figure 4: Correlation Process based on [37] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-analysis-of-trust-assessment-frameworks-16pv9lcy.png Table 1: Comparative Analysis of Trust Assessment Frameworks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-taxonomy-of-trust-assessment-models-based-on-17-2qks78pw.png Figure 2: Taxonomy of Trust Assessment Models based on [17] https://scispace.com/papers/a-prioritized-multi-channel-multi-time-slot-mac-protocol-for-3ycmmkblfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pan-superframe-structure-ryv9xm2v.png Fig. 2. PAN superframe structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-request-packet-structure-3bxyj0ir.png Fig. 6. Request packet structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-necessary-information-that-must-be-added-to-beacon-16lmmwkh.png Fig. 7. Necessary information that must be added to beacon payload https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-example-of-four-resource-requests-1lnv5kz1.png TABLE I EXAMPLE OF FOUR RESOURCE REQUESTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-resource-allocation-of-the-previous-example-373j0mc8.png TABLE II RESOURCE ALLOCATION OF THE PREVIOUS EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reception-of-beacon-frame-and-beginning-of-data-2k6683yt.png Fig. 8. Reception of beacon frame and beginning of data transmission https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ieee-802-15-4a-uwb-plan-bands-jcvzvq43.png Fig. 1. IEEE 802.15.4a UWB plan bands https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-throughput-vs-node-density-variety-2tdjtqzx.png Fig. 15. Throughput vs Node density Variety https://scispace.com/papers/a-probabilistic-approach-to-integrating-multiple-cues-in-26yhgl28rl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-face-tracking-the-ladys-face-rotates-tilts-idlukd3t.png Fig. 5. Results of face tracking. The lady’s face rotates, tilts and scales. Due to the motion of the camera, only three cues are integrated in the order of color, edge and contour. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-differences-between-the-estimated-target-centers-5wq3cj1b.png Fig. 6. The differences between the estimated target centers in the color cue under different orderings for the sequence shown in Fig. 4. Four different orderings were tested: (1) color, edge, motion and contour; (2) motion, color, contour and edge; (3) edge, contour, color and motion; (4) color, edge, contour and motion. The pixel distances between the target centers under the last three orderings and under the first ordering are computed respectively and are plotted in different colors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-instantaneous-particle-approximations-to-the-240oo7qd.png Fig. 7. The instantaneous particle approximations to the target distributions in different cues for the sequence shown in Fig. 5. Results of different orderings are shown in different rows. From left to right, the ordering for the top row is edge, color and contour, for the middle row, color, contour and edge, and for the bottom row, color, edge and contour. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-face-tracking-the-persons-face-rotates-and-10jnw2xk.png Fig. 4. Results of face tracking. The person’s face rotates and undergoes dramatic appearance changes due to the lighting of a projector. Four cues are integrated in the order of color, edge, motion and contour. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-tracking-a-pedestrian-in-one-of-the-pets-2knm4kjg.png Fig. 3. Results of tracking a pedestrian in one of the PETS sequences (top) and a vehicle in a traffic sequence (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-tracking-a-dish-under-poor-illumination-the-34889nb9.png Fig. 2. Results of tracking a dish under poor illumination. The circles and the rectangles are the estimates of the contour (green), color (white), motion (blue) and edge (red) cues. The estimates by the four cues are slightly different from each other due to the Monte Carlo simulation. The same colors are used in the following experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-comparison-of-our-approach-sapbp-on-the-chain-178q89lw.png Fig. 10. The comparison of our approach, SAPBP on the chain, with the full-product NBP on the chain, SAPBP on the ring and on the fully-connected model. The left-hand figure plots the distances between the estimated target centers in the color cue by our approach and by the three other methods. As the maximum distance is no larger than 2 pixels, we conclude that they produced identical results. The right-hand figure plots the time consumptions of all the methods in each frame of the sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-on-apple-tracking-in-the-first-row-the-tracker-1b3b4tvo.png Fig. 9. Results on apple tracking. In the first row, the tracker was disturbed by a severe occlusion but recovered afterwards thanks to the color cue. In the second row, the tracker successfully handled a short occlusion by a distractor apple. When the occlusion lasted long and the scale of the distractor matched that of the target, the tracker accidentally jumped to the distractor apple, shown in the last row. https://scispace.com/papers/a-proactive-malware-identification-system-based-on-the-4imaes8dat 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-promis-simulator-output-g9wy06yd.png Figure 3: PROMIS simulator output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-promis-architecture-3u1220wq.png Figure 1: PROMIS architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-promis-peers-security-level-during-an-epidemic-2gp5we8s.png Figure 4: PROMIS peers security level during an epidemic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-handler-and-notifier-activity-diagrams-1waqofl0.png Figure 2: Handler and Notifier activity diagrams https://scispace.com/papers/a-procedural-model-for-the-production-of-reusable-and-2jixa5j0lv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-about-the-article-2j7yztf5.png Figure 1: Overview about the article https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-km-and-pm-courses-sco-production-process-217rjjxy.png Figure 3: The KM and PM course’s SCO Production Process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-procedural-model-for-the-production-of-reusable-and-anke632h.png Figure 2: Procedural Model for the production of reusable and standard-compliant E-Learning Offerings (PELO-Model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-requirements-catalogue-for-efficiency-analysis-of-e-1kg4q5wi.png Table 1: Requirements catalogue for efficiency analysis of E-Learning production processes https://scispace.com/papers/a-process-based-model-to-estimate-gas-exchange-and-4slxny1rxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-scheme-of-the-moca-model-showing-the-main-3tl2htc8.png Fig. 1. Simplified scheme of the MOCA model showing the main components and their connections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gross-primary-productivity-gpp-measured-by-eddy-2tbluohw.png Fig. 5. Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) measured by eddy covariance technique and simulated by MOCA model. Simulated values are higher of about 30% than measured ones in a point-to-point comparison, although the average values of the overall campaign are similar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-patterns-of-the-monoterpene-fluxes-simulated-in-the-ri6awj1w.png Fig. 4. Patterns of the monoterpene fluxes simulated in the Accent-VOCBAS campaign 2007. Although monoterpene fluxes show a similar trend for Q. ilex and P. latifolia, one should note that among species there is a difference of one magnitude order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-annual-patterns-of-the-monoterpene-fluxes-expressed-as-25b5hwe6.png Fig. 3. Annual patterns of the monoterpene fluxes expressed as monthly averages for the 2007 for the three species. It is highlighted a prevalence of Q. ilex monoterpene flux with respect to other two. https://scispace.com/papers/a-process-deviation-analysis-framework-4logcu1umu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-pda-framework-3cmik5fz.png Fig. 1. The PDA-framework https://scispace.com/papers/a-proof-framework-for-concurrent-programs-56k6qp32tz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-translation-of-promela-into-the-intermediate-language-dd62vzv8.png Fig. 2: Translation of Promela into the intermediate language IL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-syntax-of-promela-and-the-intermediate-language-il-29y8tyhv.png Fig. 1: Syntax of Promela and the intermediate language IL. https://scispace.com/papers/a-proposal-for-the-reconstruction-of-buried-defects-from-123fdchohl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-calculated-photother-0-05-i-0-2-ma1-contrast-of-a-3ufbjx5c.png Fig. 1 Calculated photother- 0.05 i 0.2 ma1 contrast of a stripe shaped k-inhomogene~ty of o width 2R/p buried at depth %Ip. https://scispace.com/papers/a-proposed-injector-for-the-lcls-linac-1gi4u5wa66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-beamline-layout-from-rf-gun-to-injection-into-the-3rdzshw4.png Figure 1. Beamline layout from rf gun to injection into the SLAC main linac. The ‘matching & diagnostics’ section includes matching quadrupoles, 4 wire scanners for transverse diagnostics, 4 phase space scrapers, a toroid, BPMs and a streak camera station for bunch length measurements. The two dog-leg inflector bends follow the diagnostic section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-distribution-a-x-y-space-b-longitudinal-3kl52c3d.png Figure 3. Temporal distribution (a), x -y space (b), longitudinal phase space (c), and energy distribution (d) at 150 MeV for Table 1 parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solenoidal-magnetic-field-along-the-beamline-from-1t45tc7x.png Figure 2. Solenoidal magnetic field along the beamline from the cathode (s = 0) to the 150 MeV point. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-electron-beam-parameters-at-150-mev-gpeu5n3r.png Table 1. Simulated electron beam parameters at 150 MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-emittance-solid-and-rms-beam-size-dash-31if1pgd.png Figure 4. Normalized emittance (solid) and rms beam size (dash) along the beamline from cathode (s = 0) to 150 MeV. The step at s ~ 16 m is a 7.7% halo cut (in simulation only). https://scispace.com/papers/a-prototype-model-of-speculative-dynamics-with-position-2jirw2j0mm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-price-series-and-the-agents-characteristics-in-bg-q5fpjdq2.png Figure 4: Price series and the agents’ characteristics in (BG) and (PBT). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-base-scenario-of-the-stochastic-pbt-model-19s0km71.png Table 2: Base scenario of the stochastic PBT model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-variations-of-u-in-a-stable-scenario-with-2gzh4k6v.png Figure 10: Variations of µ in a stable scenario with monotonic convergence. Note: Maintaining λ, θ, σv and τ , the two trading capital coefficients are κf = 0.80 and κc = 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stability-frontier-of-pbt-in-the-kf-kc-parameter-1pi36zjx.png Figure 2: Stability frontier of (PBT) in the (κf ,κc) parameter plane. Note: The dotted area is the stability region. The (red) dashed lines reproduce the stability frontier of the benchmark case in the first panel, which is based on λ = 1 µ = 0.05, θ = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-daily-profits-gft-g-c-t-g-m-t-of-the-agents-in-the-1nzxeasw.png Figure 7: Daily profits gft , g c t , g m t of the agents in the base scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-convergence-of-sample-paths-from-different-initial-3h4zxtri.png Figure 8: Convergence of sample paths from different initial conditions. Note: The upper panel has the base scenario underlying with, in particular, κc = 0.57. In the lower panel this parameter is changed to κc = 0.61, which is close to the bifurcation value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-period-t-on-the-four-stability-frontiers-from-mzudhr19.png Figure 3: Period T on the four stability frontiers from Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-ceteris-paribus-variations-of-the-3bu2nsul.png Table 3: Effects of ceteris paribus variations of the parameters in the (cyclical) base scenario. https://scispace.com/papers/a-randomized-phase-iii-study-of-adjuvant-platinum-docetaxel-4m68xc4hfd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-treatment-characteristics-group-a-n-70-group-b-n-71-38snxxng.png Table 2 Treatment characteristics Group A (N = 70) Group B (N = 71) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selective-patient-and-tumor-characteristics-ii50bfol.png Table 1 Selective patient and tumor characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-association-of-histological-type-and-protein-2tb3x1fn.png Table 6 Association of histological type and protein expression according to tumor localization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-immunohistochemistry-performed-on-tissue-microarrays-a-2ke78fy6.png Fig. 3 Immunohistochemistry performed on tissue microarrays. a ERCC1 strong nuclear positivity; b ERCC1 staining in a small number of neoplastic cells similar to the staining intensity of stromal Wbroblasts (regarded as negative staining); c HER2 strong membraneous staining; d MAP-Tau intense cytoplasmic staining; original magniWcation £100; insets £200 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-eycacy-results-and-multivariate-cox-regression-3f9n004d.png Table 4 EYcacy results and Multivariate Cox regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-incidence-of-grade-3-4-toxicities-of-the-total-23hagmeo.png Table 3 Incidence (%) of grade 3–4 toxicities of the total population and according to the platinum compound used https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-kaplan-meier-curve-of-os-a-and-dfs-b-according-to-4n2utcy7.png Fig. 4 Kaplan–Meier curve of OS (a) and DFS (b) according to ERCC1 expression in 66 patients treated with adjuvant therapy. The red line corresponds to patients with positive ERCC1 expression and the blue line to patients with negative ERCC1 expression https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-immunohistochemical-results-in-67-tumor-tissue-2ri71rfi.png Table 5 Immunohistochemical results in 67 tumor tissue samples available for protein analysis https://scispace.com/papers/a-radical-account-of-oxygenated-fenton-chemistry-1-1tljp2yk43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-adding-antioxidants-to-the-oxidation-of-1vxjr6o8.png FIGURE 2. Effect of adding antioxidants to the oxidation of ethylbenzene by iron catalysts 1-4 and TBHP or M PPH at room temberature under an atmosphere of oxygen for 18 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-oxidation-of-cyclohexane-ethylbenzene-and-e7wzxm1p.png FIGURE 1. Oxidation of cyclohexane, ethylbenzene, and cyclohexene by iron catalysts 1-4 and two tert-alkyl hydroperoxides, TBHP and M PPH, at room temperature under an atmosphere of oxygen for 18 h. https://scispace.com/papers/a-rapid-throughput-technique-to-isolate-pyrogenic-carbon-by-24fe63kbh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pairwise-multicomparison-plot-showing-test-23nx7rm8.png Figure 3. Pairwise multicomparison plot showing test estimates i.e. group mean μ (circles), 272 and comparison intervals α (lines) for 10mm sample vessels of BCM PyC% (A) and δ13PyC 273 (B); and 15mm sample vessels of AGR composite soil PyC% (C) and δ13PyC (D). 274 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-d13pyc-and-pyc-of-c4-c3-soil-samples-in-sample-2bxygahp.png Figure 6. δ13PyC and PyC(%) of C4(C3) soil samples in sample vessels positioned below 372 C3(C4) organics a(b) in position 1. Black circles denote the C4(C3) controls, black squares 373 indicate that a silica mesh spacer was placed between the organic and soil sample vessels, 374 open squares indicate that a silica mesh spacer was not used. Grey shading indicates the 375 95% confidence interval of the control samples C4 soil (A) and C3 soil (B) respectively, 376 δ13PyC and PyC (%) error determined as per Wurster et al [31]. 377 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-radiocarbon-results-in-pmc-without-background-2fbbz4hw.png Figure 4. Radiocarbon results in pMC (without background correction) for experiment 2 323 indicating 2σ error. Dashed shading indicates the accepted NERC Radiocarbon laboratory 324 internal quartz tube process background value of 0.17 ±0.02 pMC, grey shading indicates the 325 ‘HyPy’ process background value of 0.10 ±0.06 pMC for comparison. RDC top, middle and 326 bottom indicates the location of the radiocarbon dead charcoal below the barley mash vessel 327 (116.35 pMC), no silica mesh spacer was used for these samples, filled (unfilled) circles 328 distinguish the experiments using ~100mg (~50mg) of barley mash. 329 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-position-experiment-summary-statistics-594-w7rf8mry.png Table 2. Position experiment summary statistics 594 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-consensus-values-for-in-house-materials-used-in-pk3xs7bg.png Table 1. Consensus values for in-house materials used in experiments to assess variation in 580 measured PyC abundance and δ13C value when combining multiple samples during a single 581 hydropyrolysis run (error is reported as 2σ). 582 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hydropyrolysis-reactor-schematic-showing-placement-rwgx9ifc.png Figure 1. Hydropyrolysis reactor schematic showing placement and design of the 168 borosilicate sample vessels, steel wool placeholder, silica trap and direction of Hydrogen 169 flow. 170 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-milligrams-of-carbon-transferred-onto-the-silica-31hs27xd.png Figure 5. Milligrams of carbon transferred onto the silica mesh samples positioned below a 353 low TOC organic (BCM) or a high TOC organic (Sugarcane Leaves) (open circles) and a 354 high TOC organic material with an empty spacer at position 2 acting as a spacer (open 355 squares). Ellipses indicate the 95% confidence interval at each position (coloured shading). 356 Grey shading indicates the background silica mesh blank value of 0.005 ±0.004 mg (2σ). 357 https://scispace.com/papers/a-reaction-diffusion-network-model-predicts-a-dual-role-of-ftckygnsjp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-model-simulations-reproduce-toll-dependent-and-toll-3d9psl5v.png Figure 7: Model simulations reproduce Toll-dependent and Toll independent pathway mutant conditions. (A-C) Simulations for simultaneous reduction of kinetic constants k9 and k10 (0%, 10% and 50% reductions), showing the distribution of nuclear Dorsal (A), DlCT complex (B) and DlC complex (C). (D-F) Simulations decreasing Toll receptor (T) in 0%, 10% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-reproduces-the-nuclear-dl-gradient-in-dl-3pj394fv.png Figure 3: Model reproduces the nuclear Dl gradient in dl- mutant embryos. (A) Simulation (solid curves) and experimental data (circle symbols) from mutant (orange) and wild type (black) embryos were plotted in the same graph. Nuclear Dl gradient from dl6/+ mutant embryos are simulated and fitted using an 85% reduction in total Dorsal protein level. (B) Spatial distribution of Dorsal protein that enters the nucleus by direct flow (nDl0, dotted curve), or Toll induced (nDl*, dashed curve) and total nDl. (C) Distribution of DlC and DlCT species amounts for wild type (black) and dl6/+ (orange) genotypes. (D) nDl gradient simulations resulting from 20% (yellow), 40% (green), 60% (blue), 80% (brown) Dorsal protein reductions compared to a wild type nDl gradient (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-reaction-diffusion-network-model-reproduces-the-1yc6d9mp.png Figure 2: The Reaction-Diffusion Network Model reproduces the wild type nDl gradient profile and discriminates two different Dl nuclear entry modes. (A) Optical section of a wild type (WT) embryo stained for Dorsal protein. (B) Nuclear Dl fluorescence intensity was extracted from sections as in A, measured and plotted as half gradients (circle). The black curve displays model simulation. The y axis represents nDl fluorescence intensity along the ventral-to-dorsal (V-D) embryonic axis (x axis). Data are mean±s.e.m. (C) High to low nDl levels (red circles) define different DV territories: ventral mesoderm represented by snail expression (green), lateral neuroectoderm represented by short gastrulation (sog, magenta) and dorsal ectoderm defined by decapentaplegic expression (dpp, grey). (D) Simulations discriminate nuclear Dl that enters the nucleus by direct flow (nDl0, dotted curve) or induced by Toll (nDl*, dashed curve). Black curve indicates total nDl model simulation, as in B. Ventral (V) region to the left, dorsal (D) to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cact-produces-distinct-effects-along-the-dv-axis-by-1tsnjh13.png Figure 4: Cact produces distinct effects along the DV axis by controlling unbound versus complexed Dl elements. (A) Simulations (solid curve) and experimental data (circle symbols) from cactus mutant (blue) and wild type (black) embryos. Nuclear Dl gradient from cactA2/cact011 mutant embryos are simulated and fitted using a 55% reduction in Cact protein. (B) Spatial distribution of Dorsal that enters the nucleus by direct flow (nDl0, dotted curve), by Toll induced (nDl*, dashed curve) and total nDl. (C) Distribution of Total cDl (defined as cDl0 + DlC + DlCT + cDl*; star symbols), sum of the unbound cDl species (cDl0 + cDl*) and the DlC + DlCT complexes for wild type (black) and dl6/+ (orange) genotypes. (D) nDl gradient simulations resulting from 100% (magenta, constant nDl), 20% (yellow), 40% (green), 60% (blue), 80% (brown) Cactus protein reductions are compared to wild type nDl gradient (black). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensionless-model-parameters-model-parameters-390itieo.png Table 1: Dimensionless model parameters. Model parameters calibrated to simulate wildtype data. The dimensionless concentrations were obtained by normalizing the experimental data, as described in Methods. Specifically, for Dl concentration and peak Toll concentration, normalization is obtained by dividing these values by the experimental nuclear Dl concentration in the most ventral region. For quantities involving length, including diffusion coefficients and the width of the Gaussian that represents the Toll activation profile, the total size of the half-embryo was considered to be unitary length (therefore, each compartment is 1/50 in size). For the quantities involving time, such as diffusion coefficients and kinetic constants, the characteristic time was T = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-dl-cact-double-mutant-highlights-the-positive-2095n0z8.png Figure 5: A dl/cact double mutant highlights the positive role of Cact on Dl nuclear translocation. (A) Simulations (solid curves) and experimental data (circle symbols) from mutant (purple) and wild type (black) embryos. Nuclear Dl gradients from dl6/cactA2 mutant embryos were simulated using simultaneous reduction of 50% Cactus and 70% Dorsal. (B) Spatial distribution of Dorsal that enters the nucleus by direct flow (nDl0, dotted curve), by Toll induced (nDl*, dashed curve) and total nDl are shown in wild type (black) and mutant (purple) simulations. (C) Distribution of Total cDl (defined as cDl0 + DlC + DlCT + cDl*; star symbols), sum of the unbound cDl species (cDl0 + cDl*) and the DlC + DlCT complexes for wild type (black) and dl6/cactA2 (purple) genotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dimensionless-parameters-for-each-mutant-parameters-1ytaklho.png Table 2: Dimensionless parameters for each mutant. Parameters obtained for each mutant simulated, compared to wild type. Only the changeable values are presented, as all other parameters of the model were kept fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variations-in-ndl-gradient-slope-disrupts-the-ua5urrrs.png Figure 6: Variations in nDl gradient slope disrupts the precision of target gene expression DV territories (A) Cross-sections of wild type (WT) and mutant (dl6/cactA2) cleavage cycle 14 embryos hybridized with snail (green) and sog (magenta) antisense RNA probes. Nuclei were stained using DAPI (blue). Note sog transcripts invading the ventral territory in dl6/cactA2 mutants (zoomed images). (B) Derivatives of nDl concentration (y axis) as a function of the position along the embryonic DV axis (x axis) for WT (black), dl6/+ (orange), dl6/cactA2 (purple), and cactA2/cact011 (blue) mutant embryos. (C) Peak, basal levels, amplitude and highest slope of nDl distribution for each different genetic background. https://scispace.com/papers/a-recycling-method-for-lst-contaminated-during-heavy-liquid-yj0k477kxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-showing-recommended-decolouration-method-1t5pp8m1.png Figure 1. Flowchart showing recommended decolouration method. https://scispace.com/papers/a-realistic-projection-simulator-for-laboratory-based-x-ray-5g0f5fopgr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-representation-of-a-transmission-left-35yzvi6h.png Figure 2: (a) Schematic representation of a transmission (left) and directional head (right) of an X-ray tube. Target, exit window and collimator are indicated. (b) Schematic representation of the different layers inside a flat panel detector. Note that the thicknesses of the layers are not in proportion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-influence-of-the-focal-spot-size-on-the-resulting-owzryl09.png Figure 7: Influence of the focal spot size on the resulting image. UG is the geometrical unsharpness, SDD and SOD are the source-detector and source-object distance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-computation-time-for-simulated-projections-and-scans-27kiknr3.png Table 5: Computation time for simulated projections and scans using a binned spectrum with 50 bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-geometry-of-a-directional-x-ray-tube-as-used-for-yxcpjaua.png Figure 3: (a) Geometry of a directional X-ray tube as used for the Monte Carlo simulations with BEAMnrc. (b) Simulated spectra for a directional tube. The number of photons per Sr per simulated electron per keV is given as a function of photon energy. The bin width of the histogram is 50 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-model-of-the-phantom-used-for-the-comparison-1k1dkeu3.png Figure 10: Model of the phantom used for the comparison between real and simulated CT scans. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-a-binned-spectrum-resulting-in-a-3urvf0kw.png Figure 6: Example of a binned spectrum resulting in a reduction of the number of energy bins by a factor of 20. Note that the bin width is not constant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-integrated-spectra-for-the-transmission-tube-g4wp2rl0.png Table 1: Integrated spectra for the transmission tube simulated with and without Mo structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geometry-of-the-feinfocus-fxe160-51-transmission-3112iftr.png Figure 4: Geometry of the Feinfocus FXE160.51 transmission head with (a) and without (b) Mo structures, used for the Monte Carlo simulations with BEAMnrc. Note that the thin tungsten target is not visible on the diamond backing. (c) Simulated spectra with and without Mo structures. Note the additional peaks originating from the Mo structures. https://scispace.com/papers/a-reconstruction-of-the-august-1st-1674-thunderstorms-over-25hj792euy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-damage-reports-within-the-city-of-utrecht-27imfz84.png Table 1. Detailed damage reports within the city of Utrecht and its immediate surroundings. Numbers refer to locations on the map of Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-panel-drawing-of-the-ruin-of-the-pieterskerk-2k8uwv92.png Figure 5. Left panel: drawing of the ruin of the Pieterskerk with the spires and part of the church towers removed by the storm. The direction of the fall is into the church. Drawing by Herman Saftleven (Utrecht City Archive no. 28644). Right panel: plan of the Jacobikerk, showing in blue the reconstruction of the direction in which the spire fell in the 1674 storm. In purple, the carillon is shown in its separate spire east of the main spire, with the position of the bells on the church floor after the collapse of the spire. In red, the destroyed arches are shown (which have never been repaired). Figure from Kipp (1974). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-synoptic-analysis-of-14-july-2010-15-00-utc-153yb8w1.png Figure 10. Synoptic analysis of 14 July 2010 15:00 UTC. Isobars are solid black lines, dashed red and blue lines are isallobars, showing pressure drops and pressure increase respectively. Station observations indicate wind direction and strength and the (partly) filled circles show the cloudiness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-weather-chart-of-14-july-2010-18-00-utc-the-chart-66msxlq7.png Figure 9. Weather chart of 14 July 2010, 18:00 UTC. The chart shows the low-pressure system south of Ireland and the cold front, displacing the warm continental air with cooler air from the Bay of Biscay, as a blue line with closed triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cities-towns-and-villages-mentioned-in-the-text-the-2c4zoteq.png Figure 1. Cities, towns and villages mentioned in the text. The numbers in the map refer to (1) Alkmaar, (2) Amsterdam, (3) Antwerp, (4) Brussels, (5) Delft, (6) Fontainebleu, (7) Frankfurt am Main, (8) Haarlem, (9) Hamburg, (10) Hilversum, (11) Ilpendam, (12) Koog aan de Zaan, (13) Leiden, (14) Neerkant, (15) Strasbourg, (16) Texel, (17) Utrecht, (18) Vethuizen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-drawing-of-the-ruin-of-the-dom-cathedral-following-3s42d2j7.png Figure 2. Drawing of the ruin of the Dom cathedral following the 1674 storm by Herman Saftleven (Utrecht City Archive no. 28635). The viewpoint of the artist is from the undamaged part of the Cathedral overlooking the area with the collapsed nave towards the Dom tower. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-compiled-damages-to-larger-structure-in-the-city-of-1wuv1jat.png Figure 6. Compiled damages to larger structure in the city of Utrecht. The numbers in blue circles refer to Table 1; blue arrows refer to the direction in which the structure collapsed (details in Sect. 3.2). The large red arrow denotes the direction in which the front moved over Utrecht. Map from J. Bleau (1649), Utrecht City Archive no. 214022. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-selection-of-drawings-of-herman-saftleven-following-3s4p9cjp.png Figure 7. Selection of drawings of Herman Saftleven following the storm of 1674. (a) View on Gildbridge near the Biltsche Grift (30817), (b) ruined house at the “Nieuwe Weerd” (38525), (c) farm Abstede (26155), (d) outside the Catharijne gateway (38638), (e) just outside Wittevrouwen (38526), and (f) ruin of St Bethlehem, just outside the Catharijne gateway (37718). Numbers in parentheses refer to the Utrecht City Archive catalogue number. https://scispace.com/papers/a-reduced-basis-model-with-parametric-coupling-for-fluid-289rwy48as 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-6-relative-l2-error-e-e-e-at-the-end-of-algorithm-4-1-1n6mi5fj.png Fig. 6.6. Relative L2-error ‖η − η̂‖/‖η‖ at the end of Algorithm 4.1 for (a) ε = 1e-2 and (b) ε = 1e-3. The theoretical N-width is computed according to (4.11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-two-different-parametric-configurations-of-o-u-1iwdh0b7.png Fig. 6.1. Two different parametric configurations of Ωo(µ) induced by the FFD in case (a) P = 2 and (b) P = 10. Positions of control points in the reference and deformed configurations marked in by ◦. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-successive-constraint-method-obtained-a-lower-bound-n5sd8t4l.png Fig. 6.2. Successive constraint method obtained (a) lower bound surface ϕLB(µ) and (b) upper bound surface ϕUB(µ) for the parameter-dependent Babuska inf-sup constant https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3-case-p-2-a-relative-error-between-reduced-basis-ic0akfl3.png Fig. 6.3. Case P = 2: (a) Relative error between reduced basis solution Un h and truth FEM solution Uh and the corresponding error estimate ∆N (µ) for one parameter value µ ∈ P; (b) Effectivity of the a posteriori error estimator ∆N (µ) over a sample set of 1000 different parameter values for different reduced basis dimensions N https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-schematic-of-the-control-points-and-resulting-free-3gk71gch.png Fig. 3.1. Schematic of the control points and resulting free-form parametric deformation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-axisymmetric-flow-geometry-for-the-fluid-structure-1v8oatki.png Fig. 2.1. Axisymmetric flow geometry for the fluid-structure interaction model problem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-schematic-description-of-the-offline-and-online-1xwbey74.png Fig. 5.1. Schematic description of the offline and online stages of the RB method. All the structures created in the offline stage are independent of µ, and thus are computed once and stored in preparation for the online stage. The online stage is independent of the truth FEM dimension N once these structures have been precomputed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-4-case-p-10-a-relative-error-between-reduced-basis-1dy72jbp.png Fig. 6.4. Case P = 10: (a) Relative error between reduced basis solution Un h and truth FEM solution Uh and the corresponding error estimate ∆N (µ) for one parameter value µ ∈ P; (b) Effectivity of the a posteriori error estimator ∆N (µ) over a sample set of 1000 different parameter values for different reduced basis dimensions N https://scispace.com/papers/a-rendering-framework-for-multiscale-views-of-3d-models-2a50eluv4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-when-filling-the-mask-scalar-field-we-trace-only-3jz37b2t.png Figure 8: When filling the mask scalar field, we trace only the camera rays in the corresponding restricted region. The above example illustrates the case where the mask value 1 is filled into the scalar field where the rays of Camera 1 pass through the corresponding region of the image mask. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-process-of-camera-ray-generation-using-scalar-i5mh8lct.png Figure 9: The process of camera ray generation using scalar field optimization. Input camera rays are taken as streamlines and used to construct view vector fields X1 to XN . At the same time, a scalar field M is filled with the mask value along the filtered streamlines based on the image mask. Ray streamlines are generated upon the view vector field Ŷ, which is derived by interpolating Xi according to the smoothed scalar field N. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-multiscale-illustrations-a-a-hand-drawn-30xv3mcq.png Figure 2: Examples of multiscale illustrations. (a) A hand-drawn illustration by Carol Donner [Bloom et al. 1988], depicting the hierarchical structure of the human nervous system. (b) A multiscale illustration of the Eiffel Tower using a zoom-in metaphor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-galleon-dataset-a-c-show-three-camera-viewpoints-2r6pm5aj.png Figure 11: Galleon dataset. (a)-(c) show three camera viewpoints and the corresponding masks at different scales, from an overview of a Spanish galleon to a teapot held by a pirate on the galleon. The brightened parts of the three images are the user-specified preserved regions, whereas the darkened regions are transition regions. (d) shows the relative positions of the three pinhole cameras and the galleon. The resulting multiscale image is shown in (f). (e) is a normal perspective view with a large field of view (FOV) which creates a fisheye-like effect. But even though the large FOV contains parts of the galleon body, the viewer can hardly tell the actual shape of the galleon due to the bad view angle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-between-the-results-using-an-image-3rmf7ab2.png Figure 10: Comparison between the results using an image-based approach, the vector field optimization, and the scalar field optimization. (a) The image-based approach slightly changes the object’s spatial relations due to the image overlaps and graph cut. (b) The vector field optimization can result in undesired distortion, e.g. the left shoulder and arterioles around the heart. (c) The two-step scalar field optimization provides a better control of the smoothness and exhibits good ray coherence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dataflow-of-multiscale-rendering-the-process-starts-34g7c7py.png Figure 4: Dataflow of multiscale rendering. The process starts by setting up separate pinhole cameras for different scales of view and image masks which indicate interesting regions in each view. Image masks are merged into a single image and passed to the camera ray generator, along with camera information. Non-linear bent rays are generated accordingly and used to sample the scene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-through-careful-image-mask-and-camera-placement-3mn4beb1.png Figure 5: Through careful image mask and camera placement, camera rays can cast through multiple scales to capture features of interest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-left-two-camera-views-that-show-a-city-skyline-and-2hr1jsep.png Figure 12: Left: Two camera views that show a city skyline and a building interior, respectively. Right: our multiscale image of the same 3D city model. Inspired by M. C. Escher’s Print Gallery [1956], our rendering mimics the multiscale nature of his drawing. https://scispace.com/papers/a-reinforcement-learning-framework-for-optimizing-age-of-14ep4p61nt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-impact-of-size-of-update-packets-and-capacity-of-1119fcoc.png Fig. 11. Impact of size of update packets and capacity of batteries on the achievable average weighted sum-AoI by the deep reinforcement learning algorithm, for N = 3. We use d1 = 25 meters, d2 = 40 meters, d3 = 20 meters, Amax,i = Hi = Gi = 4, i ∈ {1, 2, 3} and bmax,1 = bmax,2 = bmax,3 = 3. We also consider that Bmax,1 = Bmax,2 = Bmax,3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-convergence-of-deep-reinforcement-learning-algorithm-2rb3eayc.png Fig. 10. Convergence of deep reinforcement learning algorithm when N = 1. We use d1 = 25 meters, Bmax,1 = 0.3 mJoules, S = 12 Mbits, Amax,1 = H1 = G1 = 4 and bmax,1 = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-structure-of-the-age-optimal-policy-for-n-1-and-a1-2-3-3k7hi1yx.png Fig. 9. Structure of the age-optimal policy for N = 1 and A1 ∈ {2, 3, · · · , 10}. Other parameters are same as Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-structure-of-the-age-optimal-policy-when-n-2-b1-b2-1-cab1pgba.png Fig. 4. Structure of the age-optimal policy when N = 2, b1 = b2 = 1 and g1 = g2 = 6. We use d1 = 25 meters, d2 = 40 meters, Bmax,1 = Bmax,2 = 0.4 mJoules, bmax,1 = bmax,2 = 5, S = 15 Mbits, and Amax,i = Hi = Gi = 6, i ∈ {1, 2}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-structure-of-the-age-optimal-policy-when-n-2-b1-b2-5-3renzho7.png Fig. 5. Structure of the age-optimal policy when N = 2, b1 = b2 = 5 and g1 = g2 = 2. Other parameters are same as Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-structure-of-the-throughput-optimal-policy-as-well-as-85urw7ob.png Fig. 8. Structure of the throughput-optimal policy as well as the age-optimal policy for N = 1 and A1 = 1. We use the same simulation setup as in Fig 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-structure-of-the-age-optimal-policy-when-n-1-and-g1-2-144nbyzb.png Fig. 6. Structure of the age-optimal policy when N = 1 and g1 = 2. We use d1 = 35 meters, Bmax,1 = 0.3 mJoules, S = 12 Mbits, Amax,1 = H1 = G1 = 10 and bmax,1 = 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-structure-of-the-age-optimal-policy-when-n-1-and-g1-5-2h3k9ja8.png Fig. 7. Structure of the age-optimal policy when N = 1 and g1 ∈ {5, 6, · · · , 10}. Other parameters are same as Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/papers/a-reduced-order-modeling-approach-to-represent-subgrid-scale-1me6fkvejb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relation-between-mean-soil-moistureuf-q-uth-q-and-2g3nr7rr.png Figure 4.Relation between mean soil moistureµf (q)= µθ (q) and αPOD1 (q) for sites A, B, C, and D. The lines are linear fits to the data (symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-variation-of-mean-pod-mm-error-epod-mm1xg-with-bapx89c0.png Figure 13.The variation of mean POD-MM error (ēPOD-MM1xg ) with respect toM for different1xg at sites A and D in 2006. Results are shown for multi-site ROM constructed using POD-MM method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-errors-a-epod-mm1xg-and-b-e-pod-mm3-1xg-155lsjw3.png Figure 15. The errors(a) ēPOD-MM1xg and(b) ē POD-MM3 1xg versusM for different1xg at site A for site-independent ROM constructed using POD-MM and POD-MM3 methods, respectively. The means are taken over 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, and 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dem-for-site-a-b-c-and-d-the-spatial-extent-of-each-19opowmx.png Figure 1. DEM for site A, B, C, and D. The spatial extent of each site is 104 m×104 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-of-the-mean-pod-error-epod-with-respect-2pqojwhw.png Figure 2. Variation of the mean POD error (ēPOD), with respect to number of bases (M), in year 2002 and 2006 for single-site ROM constructed using the POD method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-variation-of-mean-pod-mm2-error-epod-mm21xg-19kh2qaz.png Figure 11. The variation of mean POD-MM2 error (ēPOD-MM21xg ) with respect toM for different1xg at sites A and D in 2006. Results are shown for single-site ROM constructed using POD-MM2 method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-variation-of-the-mean-of-pod-error-epod-with-325aodz1.png Figure 12.Variation of the mean of POD error (ēPOD) with respect toM in 2002 and 2006 for multi-site ROM constructed using POD method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-variation-of-mean-pod-mm-error-epod-mm1xg-with-1j6wbvgg.png Figure 6. The variation of mean POD-MM error (ēPOD-MM1xg ) with respect toM for different1xg at sites A and D in 2006. Results are shown for single-site ROM constructed using POD-MM method. https://scispace.com/papers/a-retrospective-study-on-clinical-significance-of-imaging-5cfpkk2vte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-imaging-features-3keqmo9y.png Table 2 Imaging features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-17p009lk.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-applications-of-fuzzy-sets-to-safety-and-23ovwtbj7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-an-example-frpn-model-1c0pkle3.png Fig. 10. An example FRPN model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fuzzy-failure-data-for-basic-events-t-1000-hours-2r89m1b4.png Table 2. Fuzzy failure data for basic events (t=1000 hours) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fault-tree-to-illustrate-fuzzy-fta-3qw96pec.png Fig. 3. Fault tree to illustrate Fuzzy FTA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-truth-degree-propagation-247-3g7hbf8p.png Fig. 9. Truth degree propagation [247] https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-results-obtained-by-simulating-the-frpn-model-in-yk7akcqs.png Table 13. Results obtained by simulating the FRPN model in Fig. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-an-event-tree-1z4mfh95.png Fig. 5. Example of an event tree https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-conventional-crisp-ratings-for-detection-of-a-ni9fz4gt.png Table 6. Conventional crisp ratings for detection of a failure (D) [28–30, 34, 35, 57, 134, 136, 201, 239] https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-developments-and-applications-of-fuzzy-fmea-since-ekfcvwzm.png Table 7. Developments and Applications of fuzzy FMEA since 2012 https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-sub-scale-test-methods-to-evaluate-the-friction-3jpxo1tkaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-categories-of-factors-that-must-be-3of0vslj.png Figure 1. General categories of factors that must be considered in the course of developing accurate simulations of friction and wear-critical parts in diesel engines. https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-the-innovative-gas-separation-membrane-1ru0eyrwej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-exemplary-nyquist-plot-of-an-electrode-immersed-in-an-1b12eagp.png Fig. 1 – Exemplary Nyquist plot of an electrode immersed in an electrolyte (R||C 4 Element + electrolyte resistance) with Rpol: polarization resistance, Cdl: double layer 5 capacity, Rel: electrolyte resistance, adapted from Hamann et al. (2007) 6 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-summary-of-membrane-and-fouling-layer-characterization-3lwd6qxz.png Fig. 2 – Summary of membrane and fouling layer characterization methods. 10 11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-formation-process-of-chemical-and-biofouling-qsd929ir.png Fig. 3 – The formation process of chemical and biofouling highlighting the main 14 causes and effects, and the crucial membrane features affecting the resistance of the 15 membrane against fouling. 16 17 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scheme-of-the-structure-of-supported-ionic-liquid-3hjj47zo.png Fig. 4 – Scheme of the structure of supported ionic liquid membranes (SILM). 20 21 https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-the-potential-for-rare-earth-element-resources-23a3lkacn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-l-s-ratio-on-total-ree-extraction-and-1v6sjt60.png FIG. 4. Impact of L:S ratio on total REE extraction and leachate REE concentration (A2 ore, 30 min leaching under ambient conditions). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-multi-stage-leaching-and-cakewashing-on-2lo9bs2i.png FIG. 3. Impact of multi-stage leaching and cakewashing on overall TREE extraction (A4 ore, L:S = 2:1, 30 min leaching under ambient conditions). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-comparison-batch-vs-column-leaching-ore-rluzt59v.png TABLE 3. Performance comparison batch vs. column leaching (ore A4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinetic-response-of-ion-adsorption-ores-from-various-w2kuqwtx.png FIG. 2. Kinetic response of ion-adsorption ores from various geographical origins to benchmark leaching conditions (0.5 M (NH4)2SO4, 30 min leaching, ambient conditions). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-ree-content-of-ion-adsorption-clays-from-1xcg1vke.png TABLE 1. Total REE content of ion-adsorption clays from different geographical origins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-column-leaching-results-as-a-function-of-l-s-ratio-and-2apijigo.png FIG. 5. Column leaching results as a function of L/S ratio and time (A4 ore, 0.4 ml/min flow, ambient temperature). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-column-residue-washing-a4-ore-0-4-ml-min-flow-2llxc7ie.png FIG. 6. Column residue washing (A4 ore, 0.4 ml/min flow, deionized H2O of pH 5, ambient temperature). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chondrite-normalized-distribution-of-ree-within-ore-2744n7hy.png FIG. 1. Chondrite-normalized distribution of REE within ore samples. https://scispace.com/papers/a-review-of-the-putative-causal-mechanisms-associated-with-ehdaoy3xh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-highlighting-the-location-of-macular-pigment-jtbkihf9.png Fig. 1. Diagram highlighting the location of macular pigment and the macula within the eye. For a colour figure, see the online version of the paper. https://scispace.com/papers/a-revised-age-model-for-the-eocene-deep-marine-siliciclastic-281hv9baxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stratigraphy-of-the-ainsa-basin-in-the-context-of-the-x8aw6svw.png Fig. 2. Stratigraphy of the Aínsa Basin in the context of the Gavarnie thrust sheet, modified from Muñoz et al. (2013). Lithostratigraphic units: Es = Escanilla; Bu = Buil; So, Sobrarbe; Gu = Guara; Gr, Grustán; Pa = Pano; Cp = Capella; Pr = Perarrúa; Cm = Campanué; Cst = Castissent; SM = Santa Marina; Cg = Castigaleu; Ro = Roda; Yb = Yeba; Ri = Riguala; Me = Metils; Mi = Millaris; Al = Alveolina limestone. SV1- 2. Hecho Group deep-marine siliciclastic systems (= San Vicente Formation of Muñoz et al. (2013)). Horizons: O = Olsón; EL = Escanilla limestone; SB = Santa Bárbara; SP = San Pedro; SL = San Lino; M = Morillo limestone; A = Ascaso; LP = La Puebla. Thrust sheets: C = Cotiella; M = Montsec; PM = Peña Montañesa; B and G = Bielsa and Guarga; LF = La Fueba thrust system. Unconformities: AT = L’Atiart; CL = Charo-Lascorz. Litho- and chronostratigraphic information compiled from Bentham (1992), Bentham and Burbank (1996), Barnolas and Gil-Peña (2001), López-Blanco et al. (2003), Mochales et al. (2012a), Rodríguez-Pintó et al. (2012), and Serra-Kiel et al. (1994). Eocene timescale from Gradstein et al. (2012). SBZ biozones calibration to the time scale integrates data from Costa et al. (2013) and RodríguezPintó et al. (2012). A prominent basin-wide m-scale black mudstone/claysone likely is the LLTM Late Lutetian Thermal Maximum dated at 41.52 Ma (cf. Westerhold et al. 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-magnetostratigraphic-results-for-the-ainsa-basin-three-11se4bs0.png Fig. 6. Magnetostratigraphic results for the Aínsa Basin. Three polarity chrons identified as R1, N1 and R2. There are thirty-one sites where the polarity was unable to be determined (red dots). There is a clear consistency in the polarity of the overlapped sections increasing the robustness of the results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-main-biostratigraphic-and-3f9abjo5.png Table 1. Summary of main biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic events in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-magnetic-directions-chronmeans-stereonets-to-show-1q7m10sj.png Fig. 9. (a). Magnetic Directions ChronMeans. Stereonets to show tilt-corrected amalgamated Class A data chron mean directions (Super-IAPD2000: Torsvik et al. 2000). (a) shows true mean directions whereas in (b) Chron C20r has been inverted so all directions are of normal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stratigraphic-log-of-the-composite-ainsa-1xf68m3i.png Fig. 5. Stratigraphic log of the composite Aínsa palaeomagnetic section showing polarity, inclination, declination and natural remnant magnetization (NRM) intensity. Declinations have been added to 180˚ to permit a clearer comparison of northward normal and southward reverse component declinations. All Class A and B sample data are fitted to stratigraphy and inferred polarity reversals. NRM averaged values are 0.588 mA/m. Grey = mudstones; yellow = sandstones, and green = heterolithics (40–60% sandstone). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-geological-map-of-the-pyrenees-showing-the-3vyzqtbv.png Fig. 1. Schematic geological map of the Pyrenees showing the position of the Aínsa Basin and the main tectonic structures. NPFT = North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust; NPF = North Pyrenean Fault; SPFT = South Pyrenean Frontal Thrust; SCPU = South-Central Pyrenean Unit (modified after Vergés et al. (2002). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-cartoon-to-schematically-conceptualize-synsedimentary-rn6s1cm4.png Fig. 10. Cartoon to schematically conceptualize synsedimentary basinal rotation: grey rectangles show general sampling region rotation; circles represent N-up stereonets and black/white dots, acquired normal/reverse polarity means respectively; blue arrows show polarity reversal axis. Chron C21n-age sediments are deposited during fast rotation rates, the Earth’s magnetic field reverses and Chron C20r-age sediments form during slower rotation of the basin, the field reverses back to normal polarity but due to rotation Chron C20n-aged sediments possess declinations more westerly than those of Chron C21n. This results in smearing of normal polarity directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-chronostratigraphy-of-the-ainsa-basin-and-comparisons-t2jqh63o.png Fig. 8. Chronostratigraphy of the Aínsa Basin and comparisons with previous studies. Yellow = sandbodies; blue = mudstones/marlstones; green = heterolithics (40–60% sandstone); steel grey = MTDs/MTCs. The stratigraphic log is a composite from sections dominated by finer- https://scispace.com/papers/a-robust-comparison-approach-of-velocity-data-between-mri-40dhp2x4zd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-initial-and-computed-fluxes-1zo9wecp.png Table 1. Comparison between initial and computed fluxes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convergence-properties-of-the-div-free-projection-33gvs7rl.png Fig. 4. Convergence properties of the div-free projection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-workflow-pre-processing-and-simulation-7vjcp0eb.png Fig. 3. Workflow: Pre-processing and simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pre-processings-shown-under-stenosed-condition-top-zw19dqis.png Fig. 5. Pre-processings shown under stenosed condition. Top: Velocity vector. Bottom: Divergence of the velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-data-and-computations-under-laminar-r8s49yp6.png Fig. 6. Comparison between data and computations under laminar flow conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-phantom-setup-3g5m97x5.png Fig. 1. Experimental phantom setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-nomenclature-used-for-the-boundaries-and-the-3nitwqhg.png Fig. 2. Left: Nomenclature used for the boundaries and the cross-sectional planes through the aorta. Right: Schematic representation of the Windkessel model. https://scispace.com/papers/a-robust-compositional-architecture-for-autonomous-systems-4f22gbuj7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-claraty-framework-organization-1maljz6l.png Figure 2: CLARAty framework organization https://scispace.com/papers/a-rule-based-assembly-sequence-generation-method-for-product-3gftuktu2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-development-framework-for-the-crm-approach-bl9pdkr5.png Figure 1. Development framework for the CRM approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-generation-of-an-apm-matrix-for-the-hand-held-np5hjunq.png Figure 4. Generation of an APM matrix for the hand-held hairdryer design case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-generation-of-a-crm-matrix-for-the-italian-style-11w19pht.png Figure 8. Generation of a CRM matrix for the Italian style coffee maker design case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-generation-of-an-apm-matrix-for-the-italian-style-1x5e6owe.png Figure 9. Generation of an APM matrix for the Italian style coffee maker design case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-generation-of-a-crm-for-the-hand-held-hairdryer-37qd1avt.png Figure 3. Generation of a CRM for the hand-held hairdryer design alternative. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-characteristics-of-an-italian-style-coffee-maker-3t38gj9e.png Figure 7. Characteristics of an Italian style coffee maker design case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graphic-representation-of-assembly-process-based-on-3vyt71f3.png Figure 6. Graphic representation of assembly process based on the generated PASM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-hierarchical-representation-of-assembly-sequence-xrq09ses.png Figure 11. Hierarchical representation of assembly sequence for coffee maker design case. Note: 1. The code in each rectangular denotes a part number. https://scispace.com/papers/a-scalable-and-high-performance-elliptic-curve-processor-4cre5dwfjp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gf-2n-bit-serial-squarer-3i3j4ju5.png Figure 8: GF(2n) bit-serial squarer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-point-multiplication-algorithm-8-3dmpqe6y.png Figure 1: Point multiplication algorithm [8] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-processor-architecture-3nqd322z.png Figure 10: Processor Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-point-multiplication-datapath-2wpy2qyy.png Figure 9: Point multiplication Datapath https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-point-multiplication-per-3-bits-of-scalar-k-1895ewys.png Figure 2: Point multiplication per 3 bits of scalar k https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-double-and-add-subtract-algorithms-2pvvctxt.png Figure 4: Double and Add/Subtract algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modified-point-multiplication-algorithm-1ksxe8ma.png Figure 3: Modified point multiplication algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gf-2n-bit-serial-multiplier-1qfhcgte.png Figure 7: GF(2n) bit-serial multiplier https://scispace.com/papers/a-screening-procedure-to-evaluate-air-pollution-effects-in-1sep78ia8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-screening-criteria-for-precipitation-chemistry-2oh1xv0m.png Table 12. Screening criteria for precipitation chemistry. These values are to be used in the absence of other data to assess air pollution impacts to https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-screening-criteria-thresholds-for-screening-ck4gpujm.png Table 3. Screening criteria (thresholds) for screening parameters recommended for lakes within Class I wilderness areas in Region 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulations-magic-of-change-in-ph-and-alkalinity-c82kj1f8.png Figure 5. Simulations (MAGIC) of change in pH and alkalinity (CALK + ANC) as a function of increasing sulfate deposition in the catchments of Blodgett (left) and Holloway (right) Lakes. Broken lines at pH = 6.0 and ANC - 0 are provided for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geomorphic-units-and-lakes-sampled-in-the-western-2q6ieflc.png Figure 2. Geomorphic units and lakes sampled in the Western Lakes Survey (from Landers et al. 1987). https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-priority-screening-parameters-and-measures-for-p8yej4cw.png Table 10. Priority screening parameters and measures for terrestrial resources recommended for the PSD https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-calibrated-and-projected-average-lakewater-ph-and-1k1fxq5z.png Table 8. Calibrated and projected average lakewater pH and alkalinity output from l\/IAGIC as a function of changes in sulfate deposition. https://scispace.com/papers/a-search-for-pulsating-mass-accreting-components-in-algol-2o7v1dcrht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-out-of-eclipse-pulsational-b-filter-light-curves-37j1wdzp.png Fig. 2 The out-of-eclipse pulsational B filter light curves of TZ Eri (left panel) and TZ Dra (right panel) phased to periods of 0.05342 d and 0.0204 d respectively https://scispace.com/papers/a-security-framework-for-the-analysis-and-design-of-software-1aqd726hel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-upper-bound-equation-1-for-different-values-of-n-16rlaluz.png Figure 2: Upper Bound (Equation 1) for different values of N and λ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-generic-attestation-scheme-attest-2c55evql.png Figure 1: The Generic Attestation Scheme Attest https://scispace.com/papers/a-search-for-scintillation-in-doped-cubic-lead-fluoride-2a965pjfnm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-photo-luminescence-pulse-shape-blue-circles-12vld7mg.png Fig. 5. The photo-luminescence pulse shape (blue circles), corresponding fit to an exponential (red lines) and the decay time constant are shown for the PbF samples doped with Er, Ho, Eu, Sm and Tb as well as a reference CsI(Tl) sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-decay-time-constant-for-doped-lead-fluoride-crystals-34me3yyo.png TABLE I DECAY TIME CONSTANT FOR DOPED LEAD FLUORIDE CRYSTALS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-setup-used-to-measure-the-ray-induced-anode-photo-2eo9l8tm.png Fig. 6. The setup used to measure the -ray induced anode photo-current for PbF samples. The distance between source and samples was fixed at 2 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-setup-used-for-the-photo-luminescence-pulse-shape-ofvsjfwe.png Fig. 4. The setup used for the photo-luminescence pulse shape and the decay time measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-excitation-red-dots-and-photo-blue-dashes-and-x-27543499.png Fig. 3. The excitation (red dots) and Photo- (blue dashes) and X- (black lines) luminescence spectra are shown as a function of wavelength for the PbF samples doped with Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, Pr, Sm and Tb as well as a reference CsI(Tl) sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-pmt-anode-photo-current-measured-for-all-doped-pbf-yq7tjeso.png Fig. 8. The PMT anode photo-current measured for all doped PbF samples (black solid dots and open circles) and the undoped PbF sample (red solid square). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ray-excited-pulse-height-spectrum-for-doped-pbf-cemv0o25.png Fig. 10. -ray excited pulse height spectrum for doped PbF samples Scintibow-B21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-pmt-anode-current-measured-for-an-undoped-pbf-22uk8nsj.png Fig. 7. The PMT anode current measured for an undoped PbF sample (red dashes) and a reference small PWO sample (blue lines) with light output of 20 p.e./MeV. https://scispace.com/papers/a-self-referential-perceptual-inference-framework-for-video-ugn0qhn8ob 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-the-proposed-approach-to-goal-directed-39c274rv.png Fig. 2. Sketch of the proposed approach to goal-directed fusion of content extraction modules and inference guided by an attentional control mechanism. The fusion process and selective visual processing are carried out in response to a task and domain definition expressed in terms of an ontological language. Interpretations are generated and refined by deriving queries from the goals and current internal state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-world-as-perceived-by-a-users-and-b-the-sentient-19azb8su.png Fig. 4. The world as perceived by (a) users and (b) the sentient computing system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagrammatic-overview-of-the-world-model-maintained-by-3c4yw823.png Fig. 3. Diagrammatic overview of the world model maintained by the sentient computing system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-hermeneutical-cycle-for-iterative-interpretation-1buvskp2.png Fig. 1. The Hermeneutical cycle for iterative interpretation in a generative (hypothesise and test) framework. https://scispace.com/papers/a-semantic-fusion-approach-between-medical-images-and-2d4n7rmdff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conceptual-image-indexing-using-svms-3hr8069c.png Fig. 2. Conceptual image indexing using SVMs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-semantic-tree-membership-g-fuzzyfication-3qroya80.png Fig. 4. Semantic tree membership γ fuzzyfication https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-localization-parameter-otxt-fuzzyfication-1anhfk5p.png Fig. 3. Spatial localization parameter ωtxt fuzzyfication https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-results-on-the-medical-task-of-clef-2005-3070moc6.png Table 1. Comparative results on the medical task of CLEF 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-unified-conceptual-indexing-38z2ifha.png Fig. 1. Unified conceptual indexing https://scispace.com/papers/a-semi-automated-design-of-instance-based-fuzzy-parameter-51nxw0pw1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-decision-tree-example-1mwqiqqo.png Figure 2: Decision Tree Example https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-predictive-accuracy-gls-atsp-13jdpc25.png Table 9: Predictive accuracy GLS - ATSP https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-membership-subsets-input-variables-3glmv293.png Table 2: Membership Subsets - Input Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-gls-performance-phatsp-2oe5vbjq.png Table 11: GLS-Performance - ΦATSP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ipts-settings-and-fixed-settings-atsp-27r8q4zx.png Figure 4: IPTS settings and Fixed settings - ATSP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-factorial-design-3rro1bpm.png Table 1: 2-Factorial Design https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-predictive-accuracy-gls-stsp-qumdohlr.png Table 8: Predictive accuracy GLS - STSP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ipts-in-the-use-phase-31fjr26w.png Figure 1: IPTS in the use phase https://scispace.com/papers/a-sensitivity-based-three-phase-weather-dependent-power-flow-4z98qoqb2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-parameters-of-7-bus-network-17lfdym2.png TABLE IV PARAMETERS OF 7-BUS NETWORK https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-parameters-of-the-modified-ieee-8500-node-network-11utobjj.png TABLE XI PARAMETERS OF THE MODIFIED IEEE 8500-NODE NETWORK https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-8-bus-network-consisting-of-3-svrs-and-1-dg-ls9kk4zo.png Fig. 1: 8-Bus network consisting of 3 SVRs and 1 DG. https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-dg-parameters-for-the-modified-ieee-8500-node-wlnwtn0r.png TABLE X DG PARAMETERS FOR THE MODIFIED IEEE 8500-NODE NETWORK https://scispace.com/figures/table-xii-summer-and-winter-weather-conditions-3bgo10w7.png TABLE XII SUMMER AND WINTER WEATHER CONDITIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-loads-of-8-bus-network-17kf1vvz.png TABLE II LOADS OF 8-BUS NETWORK https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-self-reactance-of-penguin-acsr-conductor-as-a-2rztwoa8.png Fig. 14: Self-Reactance of Penguin ACSR conductor, as a function of conductor temperature and current, considering weather and magnetic impacts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-resistance-of-penguin-acsr-conductor-as-a-function-of-1iy6hyxx.png Fig. 13: Resistance of Penguin ACSR conductor, as a function of conductor temperature and current, considering weather and magnetic impacts. https://scispace.com/papers/a-sequential-approach-for-multi-class-discriminant-analysis-1ijju34jqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-represents-the-projection-of-each-class-50-elements-3243u2su.png Fig. 1. (a) Represents the projection of each class (50 elements) of Iris data on the first axe of the sequential algorithm. A gaussian kernel was used with σ = 1. (b) Gives the value of the criterion in (14) as a function of number of iterations. https://scispace.com/papers/a-server-s-perspective-of-internet-streaming-delivery-to-2p1icmx9w3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-video-resolution-and-encoding-rate-3ae92lh7.png TABLE IV VIDEO RESOLUTION AND ENCODING RATE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-daily-video-popularity-distribution-qp7piiv1.png Fig. 10. Daily Video Popularity Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-summary-of-video-accesses-2f416c76.png TABLE VI SUMMARY OF VIDEO ACCESSES https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-video-quality-38fbnz6p.png TABLE V VIDEO QUALITY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-daily-version-popularity-distribution-7qa5vi6m.png Fig. 12. Daily Version Popularity Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-monthly-version-popularity-distribution-2xdserir.png Fig. 13. Monthly Version Popularity Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-workload-qmffup2g.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF WORKLOAD https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-system-heterogeneity-of-mobile-devices-1x52u9pe.png TABLE II SYSTEM HETEROGENEITY OF MOBILE DEVICES https://scispace.com/papers/a-service-robot-for-automating-the-sample-management-in-32q0vxakjr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-robot-arm-tool-13n1ptgy.png Fig. 2. The robot arm tool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-vision-performance-under-different-illumination-2y002krz.png Fig. 11. Vision performance under different illumination conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-script-commands-1xcupxkn.png TABLE I SCRIPT COMMANDS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-mobile-platform-and-robot-arm-8yn3fg1u.png Fig. 1. The mobile platform and robot arm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-state-machine-conditions-attributes-that-are-1dp6qype.png TABLE II STATE MACHINE CONDITIONS. ATTRIBUTES THAT ARE OPTIONAL AND ONLY USED FOR REASONABILITY ARE WRITTEN INitalics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-positioning-displacements-as-seen-by-vision-system-3i7k314f.png Fig. 12. Positioning displacements as seen by vision system. For the left graph the navigation was deliberately disturbed by gaussian noise of up to30mm to show that large deviations are compensated before the vision system is invoked, while the right graph shows the normal situation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-workspace-usage-during-several-runs-of-operating-the-turvcnn4.png Fig. 13. Workspace usage during several runs of operating the centrifuge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sample-image-of-the-centrifuge-left-and-its-colors-1i3t9y40.png Fig. 5. Sample image of the centrifuge (left) and its colors used in the U/V plane (right, the colors in the background are indistinguishable in b/w print because all pixels have the same gray value). It can be seen that only a fraction of the full range of color saturation is used. https://scispace.com/papers/a-simple-device-of-generating-glow-discharge-plasma-in-4obviml1o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-optical-emission-spectra-in-the-range-from-a-300-to-13qz8b8y.png FIG. 5. Optical emission spectra in the range from a 300 to 410 nm and b 500 to 800 nm Up=6 kV . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-waveforms-of-the-applied-voltage-and-10c8n6xo.png FIG. 4. Color online Waveforms of the applied voltage and light emission under different values of Up. b is an enlarged part of a . a – e correspond to the corona discharge mode shown in Fig. 2 a . f corresponds to that of a plasma plume. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-plasma-length-as-a-function-of-up-and-tip-8i9m73yf.png FIG. 3. Color online Plasma length as a function of Up and tip radius. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-discharge-images-under-different-up-a-4-1l2y0ozt.png FIG. 2. Color online Discharge images under different Up: a 4 kV, b 6.5 kV, and c 9.5 kV. https://scispace.com/papers/a-simple-economic-theory-of-skill-accumulation-and-schooling-3bcmm4wzxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kwmfsfym.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1jp2wxgf.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2e5d7gxl.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/a-simple-generalization-of-the-cdma-reverse-link-pole-3xgh0gasdk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maximum-number-of-users-supported-versus-receivede-i-1kpzjdxp.png Fig. 2. Maximum number of users supported versus receivedE =I for the generalized pole capacity formula. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-diagram-and-signal-bandwidths-for-a-generic-lq9hu0e8.png Fig. 1. System diagram and signal bandwidths for a generic communications link in a cellular network that employs direct sequence spread spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/a-simple-procedure-to-approximate-slip-displacement-of-1xmuhitnms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-probability-density-of-slip-ratio-3j2uka3i.png Figure 9. Probability density of slip ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probability-density-of-slip-ratio-vh-b-buildings-in-3jahcjhy.png Figure 7. Probability density of slip ratio vh,β (Buildings in linear state) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prediction-accuracy-of-proposed-method-34xo2ow8.png Figure 2. Prediction accuracy of proposed method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analytical-models-and-slip-motion-of-rigid-body-2qy6foqk.png Figure 1. Analytical models and slip motion of rigid body https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-accelerograms-1tbkat0f.png Table 1 List of accelerograms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predominant-period-of-hfra-and-its-estimation-1cne7ife.png Figure 6. Predominant period of HFRA and its estimation accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-hfra-at-linear-nonlinear-building-to-214vucci.png Figure 11. Comparison of HFRA at linear/nonlinear building to horizontal sinusoidal acceleration and slip acceleration induced by them https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probability-density-of-slip-ratio-vh-b-ckn0cey6.png Figure 3. Probability density of slip ratio vh,β https://scispace.com/papers/a-simulation-study-of-the-combined-thermoelectric-3ypd47qfn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameters-used-for-the-fiber-model-303t3h4q.png TABLE III. PARAMETERS USED FOR THE FIBER MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-activation-threshold-the-values-for-the-electrical-3f0ul1kb.png Fig. 10. (a) Activation Threshold: the values for the electrical stimulation were increased in steps of 10A (only lines for 0.17mA (black), 0.19mA (red) and 0.2mA (green) are shown) and the threshold for the neural activation registered by the recording cuff electrodes shown in Fig.1d is the minimum stimulation when the characteristic signal shape for the CAP emerges [36] – red line. A detailed model for the produced CAC and CAP by a nerve bundle was given in [36]. (b) Electrical stimulation currents for laser powers 50mA and 100mA (orange and red lines respectively) and threshold response (circled) – trace for laser-100 has a small vertical offset for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-geometry-of-the-system-in-comsol-used-to-define-the-1zv1byhz.png Fig 9. Geometry of the system in COMSOL used to define the boundary conditions. N is the nerve bundle rectangle and Saline is the saline solution rectangle. A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, B4 and C are described in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-model-tests-a-ap-generation-d-15-m-t-23oc-stimulus-f29fcyoy.png Fig. 4. Model tests: (a) AP generation, D = 15 m, T = 23oC, stimulus pulse duration = 300 μs, stimulation current 147 A, cathode above N20. Thin lines show the extracellular voltage at nodes 20-22 for constant current stimulation (comp. Fig. 3). (b) Conduction velocity vs. global temperature, the linear fit for the theoretical results is good for the temperature range 10–30oC, however a quadratic fit might be better outside that range (marked by x) for D>10m. The conduction velocity of AP vs. fiber diameter was used for the model tests and adjustment of a by fitting to the experimental values from [44]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-for-selective-electrical-excitation-1hek5ig4.png Fig. 5. Simulation results for selective electrical excitation/block. (a) Four characteristic cases for the positions (r,z) of the AP generating node (N20) in respect to the electrodes: (1) (R,0), (2) (0,0), (3) (R,L/2,) and (4) (0,L/2). (b) Minimum stimulus current of a 300s pulse for activating a fiber as a function of the fiber diameter and position, for positions defined in (a). (c) Stimulation/block threshold vs stimulus pulse duration: excitation of D=15m (black) and D=25m (purple) diameter fibers in the middle of the nerve bundle, i.e. position (2). The blocking threshold for fiber position (2) D=25m (blue line) and for fiber position (1) D=15m (red). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-effect-of-axoplasm-resistivity-a-on-the-blocking-24pvtf0g.png TABLE IV EFFECT OF AXOPLASM RESISTIVITY (A) ON THE BLOCKING TEMPERATURE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6e-shows-that-both-generation-and-propagation-block-4hc6524t.png Fig. 6e shows that both generation and propagation block temperatures increase as the environment temperature increases (all nodes have this temperature if not heated), but the coefficient of proportionality is approximately only 0.2. The environment temperature has a strong effect on the electrical block threshold while the electrical stimulation threshold is much less affected (Fig.6f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-cuff-electrodes-provided-by-m-schuettler-from-yjlc9wqo.png Fig. 1. (a) The cuff electrodes (provided by M. Schüettler from IMTEK, Freiburg, Germany) and the frog’s sciatic nerve used in experiments and for computer simulations. The stimulation cuff is on the left hand side together with the optical fiber (vertical yellow tube) used for illuminating the nerve bundle by the laser. The recording tripolar cuff is on approximately 1cm distance to the right of the cathode electrode of the stimulation cuff and consists of three ring electrodes on 1cm distance each. (b) A schematic presentation of the nerve and stimulation tripolar cuff and the optical fiber (or several fibers), (c) cuff electrodes, the cathode (C) and two anodes (A1 and A2), stimulation current source and a myelinated axon with 41 nodes of Ranvier (labeled N0-N40). (d) The recording cuff and the amplification and recording system. https://scispace.com/papers/a-simulation-system-for-atm-and-packet-based-meo-and-geo-3ctg80j0ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-watm-simulation-module-2i3raprx.png Figure 6: Watm simulation module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-leo-demonstrator-architecture-5rrzsnnp.png Figure 1: LEO demonstrator architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mac-layer-frames-3vmf7mxl.png Figure 2: MAC layer frames https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-measurement-scenario-3rrgbaew.png Figure 7: Measurement scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-control-station-structure-zs629zje.png Figure 3: Control station structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-up-and-downlink-delays-149bqovn.png Figure 8: Up and downlink delays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-downlink-errors-3ut8ji36.png Figure 9: Downlink errors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-geo-meo-demonstrator-architecture-2q9nyw0r.png Figure 4: GEO/MEO demonstrator architecture https://scispace.com/papers/a-single-lumen-central-venous-catheter-for-continuous-and-3fnn28mepq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bladder-pressure-bp-versus-continuous-direct-3obu8ojt.png Figure 4. Bladder pressure (BP) versus continuous direct intraabdominal pressure (CDIAP). Intraclass correlation: 0.82. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-set-up-for-measuring-intra-abdominal-pressure-using-6r3x9to1.png Figure 2. Set-up for measuring intra-abdominal pressure using the Kron method. https://scispace.com/papers/a-single-nucleotide-polymorphism-in-the-promoter-region-of-1sf5lsev2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-key-transcription-factors-binding-sites-found-in-the-5-1iibnjkh.png Fig. 1. Key transcription factors binding sites found in the 5′ promoter region of the river buffalo SCD gene. The conserved polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) response region including the sterol response element (SREBP), CCAAT-box (C/EBP), nuclear factor (NF)-1 and stimulator protein 1 (SP1) binding site are shown. TATAmotifs and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) are also shown proximal to the transcription start site. SNP g.133A>C is indicated with M nucleotide according to international nomenclature https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-least-squares-means-of-milk-yield-kg-d-for-the-pw9qva17.png Table 4. Least squares means of milk yield (kg/d) for the different levels of parity estimated with model (1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-genotyping-of-scd-g-133a-c-snp-by-taq-i-t-cga-pcrrflp-1bc4y79x.png Fig. 2. Genotyping of SCD g.133A>C SNP by Taq I (T#CGA) PCRRFLP. Line 1: AA homozygous samples; line 3: CC homozygous samples; line 2 heterozygous samples. In the lines 2 and 3 is not visible the band 132 bp long. LineM is 2-logDNA ladder (0·1–10 kb; New England Biolabs) https://scispace.com/papers/a-single-particle-impact-model-for-motion-in-avalanches-5fop4gg450 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-the-functions-z0-z1-z2-and-z3-on-the-unit-square-1lzx9xri.png Figure 6.4: The functions ∆z0, ∆z1, ∆z2, and ∆z3 on the unit square, plotted using MAPLE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-a-sketch-of-the-dynamics-in-the-u-v-plane-f-x-is-10xbjc5c.png Figure 4.1: A sketch of the dynamics in the (u, v) plane. f(x) is in the grey square whose sides have lengths estimated by Proposition 4.2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-a-hypothetical-0011-periodic-orbit-on-an-inclined-2jsi5ox4.png Figure 6.1: A hypothetical (0011) periodic orbit on an inclined staircase. Note that we assume that z2 = 0. In the text it is shown that this is allowed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-the-figure-is-generated-as-figure-2-2-with-et-and-22wutw03.png Figure 2.3: The figure is generated as Figure 2.2, with et and en exchanged, so that here en is held fixed at 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-et-is-held-fixed-at-0-2-orbits-tend-to-go-always-3d23nzul.png Figure 2.2: et is held fixed at 0.2. Orbits tend to go always to zero in one region (dark-blue), to infinity is another (light-blue), whereas both are possible in the middle region (orange). Each pixel represents 10,000 orbits. If a single bounded, but non-zero orbit was found in 10,000 trials, the pixel receives a different color. Only some dust in the lower of the middle region is visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-5-the-011-orbit-exists-if-and-only-if-the-pair-et-3l44bi45.png Figure 6.5: The (011) orbit exists if and only if the pair (et, en) ≡ (x, y) is in the white region. (Horizontal axis: x ∈ [0, 1]; vertical axis: y ∈ [0, 1].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-model-figure-from-41-1fvd5s7t.png Figure 2.1: The model (Figure from [41]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-the-regions-of-existence-white-of-orbits-with-34xslme7.png Figure 6.6: The regions of existence (white) of orbits with jump number sequence (02), (03), (04), and (05), respectively (x ≡ et and y ≡ en). (Horizontal axis: x ∈ [0, 1]; vertical axis: y ∈ [0, 1].) https://scispace.com/papers/a-six-mrna-signature-based-model-for-the-prognosis-4obaqcw899 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-q0diwqz4.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3prqsqmm.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3tgmyj4n.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/a-social-network-perspective-of-building-information-25np0n1o5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sna-main-concepts-and-terminology-2wpyas4v.png Table 1: SNA main concepts and terminology https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-project-characteristics-29u5aa9f.png Table 2: Project characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-betweenness-centrality-3jumry1z.png Table 6: Betweenness centrality https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-path-length-design-development-and-cost-management-2pby6l3e.png Table 5: Path length—Design-development and cost-management networks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-prominence-in-the-cost-management-network-non-bim-1vmcg7c4.png Figure 4: Prominence in the cost management network- non-BIM project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-betweenness-centrality-1dtzl8sq.png Figure 3: Betweenness centrality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-prominence-in-the-cost-management-network-bim-3hppjdmk.png Figure 5: Prominence in the cost management network-BIM project https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-network-density-design-development-and-cost-fe0r815f.png Table 4: Network density design-development and cost-management networks https://scispace.com/papers/a-social-systems-approach-to-sustainable-waste-management-11aik7htzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interview-themes-solutions-proposed-by-stakeholders-2jz9ou0c.png Table 1: Interview Themes: Solutions proposed by stakeholders, and main blocks identified by the 48 key stakeholders interviewed. https://scispace.com/papers/a-software-framework-for-automated-negotiation-2s4o6y7kff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-fipa-propose-interaction-protocol-3l76topw.png Fig. 1. The FIPA propose interaction protocol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-negotiate-activity-diagram-1tionj6r.png Fig. 2. Negotiate Activity Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-agreement-formation-activity-diagram-1vj5ewv4.png Fig. 4. Agreement Formation Activity Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposal-submission-activity-diagram-96ov87h7.png Fig. 3. Proposal Submission Activity Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/a-soil-burn-severity-index-for-understanding-soil-fire-3znl1fvlmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fire-disturbance-continuum-is-a-cycle-that-ayebhn39.png Figure 1. The fire disturbance continuum is a cycle that contains three components that describe different environments influencing fires (13). The first component, the prefire environment, includes forest vegetation and state of the environment (moisture levels, amount of biomass, and species composition) the year the fire occurs and immediately prior to the fire. However, factors such as disturbance legacy and climate affect the fuel characteristics. The second component, the fire environment, includes the characteristics during combustion. This would include weather, fire behavior, and suppression tactics. Fire intensity (indicator used to describe fire behavior) and fire severity (direct fire effects) concentrate on describing the fire process. The third component, referred to as the postfire environment, includes burn severity that describes what is left after the fire is out and the ecological, social, and economic responses. These responses can occur immediately after the fire to several centuries later. In addition, other disturbances (e.g., storms or agriculture development) play a role in the postfire environment. The postfire environment characteristics are dependent upon the prefire environment and fire environment. For soils, the ecological response includes the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil after the fire and is used to provide a rationale for classifying burn severity. https://scispace.com/papers/a-soil-model-considering-principal-stress-rotations-36xr4ydgzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-in-the-original-and-modified-models-puhnbsao.png Table 1. Model parameters in the original and modified models for Toyoura sand (the first line) and Nevada sand (the second line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-test-results-and-model-predictions-of-the-monotonic-2yhkjywv.png Figure 1. Test results and model predictions of the monotonic loadings in Miura et al (1986) for Toyoura sand (F denotes the angle of loading). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-predicted-pore-water-pressure-and-axial-strain-with-13b5e2qz.png Figure 8. Predicted pore water pressure and axial strain with different ratios of shear amplitudes in two PSRs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-test-results-and-model-predictions-of-the-torsional-2ncro6xx.png Figure 6. Test results and model predictions of the torsional shear tests in Chen & Kutter (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-test-results-and-model-predictions-of-the-2mep7ds2.png Figure 7. Test results and model predictions of the rotational shear tests in Chen & Kutter (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-and-predicted-non-coaxiality-for-the-psr-24s3159s.png Figure 4. Measured and predicted non-coaxiality for the PSR loadings at various stress ratios in Gutierrez et al (1991) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-test-results-and-model-predictions-of-the-monotonic-hps4scke.png Figure 5. Test results and model predictions of the monotonic loadings in Chen & Kutter (2009) for Nevada sand https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-test-results-and-predictions-of-psr-loadings-r2-in-1vvxxiby.png Figure 3. Test results and predictions of PSR loadings R2 in Miura et al (1986) and the volumetric strain for the additional stress ratio (0.65) with the original base model and the modified new model https://scispace.com/papers/a-solenoid-shut-off-valve-specification-for-flammable-gas-4f37g2uxe6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3qvspkja.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/a-sound-framework-for-untrusted-verification-condition-4h1o9mzzym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-algorithm-for-core-vcgen-dx47fi3m.png Figure 2. The algorithm for core VCGen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-sample-execution-for-the-invariant-extension-here-29ulfbw0.png Figure 4. A sample execution for the invariant extension. Here I is the invariant predicate, A1 is an abbreviation for rx = 0 ∧ ry = 2 ∧ rz = 0, A2 for rx = 0 ∧ ry = 1 ∧ rz = 0 ∧ ri = 2, A3 for rx = 0 ∧ ry = 2 ∧ rz = 0 ∧ ri = 2, A4 for ∃x′.I[rx 7→ x′] ∧ x′ < ri ∧ rx = x′ + 1, and A5 for I ∧ rx ≥ ri ∧ rz = 0 ∧ rx = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-configurable-proof-carrying-code-1ojos4t4.png Figure 1. Configurable proof-carrying code. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sample-run-of-the-null-extension-we-use-a1-as-an-28xrfhmb.png Figure 3. A sample run of the null extension. We use A1 as an abbreviation for r1 = (sel rM r2) ∧ r2 = 5, A2 for ∃x.r2 = x + r1 ∧ r1 6= 0 ∧ r1 = (sel rM x) ∧ x = 5 and A3 for ∃x.r2 = 0 ∧ r1 = 0 ∧ r1 = (sel rM x) ∧ x = 5. https://scispace.com/papers/a-stable-algorithm-for-calculating-phase-equilibria-with-h5d7x4thcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-8-saturation-pressure-and-capillary-pressure-as-3tc5o5o6.png Fig. 5.8: Saturation pressure and capillary pressure as functions of the pore radius: nC4 at n = 3 kmol/m 3, T = 360 K and different contact angles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-phase-molar-densities-as-functions-of-the-ugxjgh1g.png Fig. 5.3: Phase molar densities as functions of the temperature: nC4 at n = 3 kmol/m3, r = 10 nm and θ = π/6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-17-phase-pressure-and-capillary-pressure-as-functions-1l5anmx2.png Fig. 5.17: Phase pressure and capillary pressure as functions of the temperature: the binary mixture at n = 5 kmol/m3, r = 10 nm and θ = π/6. https://scispace.com/papers/a-spatio-temporal-comparison-of-avian-migration-phenology-19rfs9ta5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-posterior-standard-deviations-of-the-difference-1fic5ojt.png Fig. 4. Posterior standard deviations of the difference between the spatially-varying standard deviations of log measurement models for Purple Martins and Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (eφ1 − eφ2 ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-posterior-results-for-the-model-parameters-for-both-29xaz8yj.png Table 1 Posterior results for the model parameters for both species Purple Martins (PUMA) and Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (RUTH). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-posterior-results-for-the-difference-in-global-means-3riot8do.png Table 2 Posterior results for the difference in global means (b0,1 − b0,2) for PUMA and RUTH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-posterior-means-of-the-difference-between-the-tdq6k0lo.png Fig. 3. Posterior means of the difference between the spatially-varying standard deviations of log measurement models for Purple Martins and Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (eφ1 − eφ2 ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-posterior-results-for-the-measurement-error-model-2fav9wmm.png Table 3 Posterior results for the measurement error model parameters for PUMA and RUTH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-posterior-means-of-the-difference-between-the-37mlgie5.png Fig. 1. Posterior means of the difference between the spatially-varying means of Purple Martins and Ruby-throated Hummingbirds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-posterior-standard-deviations-of-the-difference-1v11orkx.png Fig. 2. Posterior standard deviations of the difference between the spatially-varying means of Purple Martins and Rubythroated Hummingbirds. https://scispace.com/papers/a-spectrum-of-clinical-findings-from-alps-to-cvid-several-3phb0txs5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-correlation-of-scales-between-in-recipient-group-2nm0d5ts.png TABLE 4 The correlation of scales between in recipient group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-diseases-in-the-bone-marrow-3g7r93jv.png TABLE 1 Distribution of diseases in the bone marrow transplantation (BMT) group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sociodemographic-data-of-the-groups-138oby10.png TABLE 2 Sociodemographic data of the groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anxiety-depression-and-self-esteem-levels-in-the-3hzbj6sy.png TABLE 3 Anxiety, depression, and self‐esteem levels in the recipient and control groups https://scispace.com/papers/a-stable-high-refractive-index-switching-buffer-for-super-jdnmivv297 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-sodium-sulfite-on-single-molecule-1x4vusqc.png Figure 2 | Effect of sodium sulfite on single molecule switching. Kymographs of dSTORM data sets (a) recorded without and with sulfite show that the addition of sulfite results in a reduction in fluorophore on-time and an improvement in contrast. Quantifying these results (b), shows that both the on-state lifetime and the localization error decrease with increasing sulfite concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-buffer-age-on-superresolution-imaging-a-af38krc3.png Figure 1 | Effect of buffer age on superresolution imaging. (a) The localization density falls quickly off as standard buffers age, but is maintained when sodium sulfite is included. This results in a preservation of imaging performance (b, c), as seen in dSTORM images of α-tubulin https://scispace.com/papers/a-species-level-phylogeny-of-old-world-fruit-bats-with-a-new-1dqt3lnub1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-likelihood-tree-see-text-for-details-with-1fh51of3.png FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree (see text for details) with statistical support values showed on nodes. Asterisks designate nodes with pp = 0.95 (from Bayesian inference, shown as percentages) and bootstrap (maximum likelihood) = 90. Nodes without values had pp <0.90 and bootstrap <70. Species names on tree reflect the nomenclatural changes proposed herein, with older names for the affected taxa as follows: 1 = Megaerops wetmorei, 2 = Epomops dobsonii, 3 = Micropteropus pusillus, 4 = Melonycteris woodfordi, 5 = Melonycteris fardoulisi. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-new-classification-of-pteropodidae-based-on-the-25y9pu0p.png TABLE 1. New classification of Pteropodidae based on the phylogenetic results presented herein. Family Pteropodidae Gray, 1821. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dated-tree-with-genera-represented-by-more-than-one-mr8scjpm.png FIGURE 2. Dated tree with genera represented by more than one species in the analysis collapsed. Circles designate nodes that were used in the calibration of the molecular clock. Scale in million years ago. https://scispace.com/papers/a-strategy-for-direct-chemical-activation-of-the-2ctf9yi5x6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fluorescence-polarization-screen-for-enhancers-of-np3a94hx.png Figure 1. Fluorescence polarization screen for enhancers of Rb−E2F binding. (a) Sample data from the primary screen. FP ratio is plotted for each well in a 384-well plate. The wells contain phosphorylated RbNP and compounds (gray diamonds) or DMSO (blue squares, “negative control”), unphosphorylated RbNP (green triangles, “positive control”), or free E2FTMR alone (purple crosses). The boxed red diamonds are hits that increase the FP ratio of E2FTMR in the presence of phosphorylated RbNP. (b) Follow-up assay in which the effect of the compounds on E2FTMR FP ratio was determined in the absence (purple bars) and presence (gray bars) of phosphorylated RbNP. The phosphorylated RbNP negative (P, blue bar) and unphosphorylated RbNP (U, green bar) positive controls are shown on the left. Hits were validated (red asterisks) if they yielded low FP ratios similar to controls in the RbNP target-minus (dashed purple line) assay and high FP ratios in the RbNP target-positive assay (dashed green line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-e7-lxcxe-peptide-increases-affinity-of-e2ftd-3cdqln7f.png Figure 4. The E7 LxCxE peptide increases affinity of E2FTD for phosphorylated Rb. Representative ITC curves and average Kd measurements are shown for E2F1TD titration into unphosphorylated (a) and phosphorylated (b) RbNP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lxcxe-peptide-shown-to-act-as-an-rb-activator-a-2kb97vnm.png Figure 3. LxCxE peptide shown to act as an Rb activator. (a) Titration of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated RbNP into E2FTMR. In the presence of the E7 LxCxE peptide and full-length E7 protein, the affinity is increased. (b) EC50 measurements of LxCxE peptide and E7 protein activity. Compound #478337 from Fera et al.9 and LxCxE variant peptides from cyclin D and LIN52 do not show activity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-based-strategy-for-activation-of-rb-a-2kqs3f1m.png Figure 2. Structure-based strategy for activation of Rb. (a) Structure of phosphorylated Rb (from PDB code: 4ELJ). Docking between the Rb Nterminal domain (RbN, yellow) and the pocket domain (brown) occurs across two interfaces. Interface 1 is mediated by a pocket helix that is nucleated by Thr373 phosphorylation. Interface 2 is near the LxCxE-binding cleft in the pocket. The E7 peptide (cyan backbone), which is shown bound at its site in the unphosphorylated pocket (from PDB code: 1GUX), clashes with RbN residue Asp139 at the interface. (b) Phosphorylation of sites in the Rb interdomain linker induces a conformational change that allosterically inhibits E2FTD binding. We find that an LxCxE peptide acts as an activator by binding Rb and inhibiting the RbN-pocket interdomain association. https://scispace.com/papers/a-stereo-music-preprocessing-scheme-for-cochlear-implant-56xpzvujas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-removal-of-the-off-center-vocals-track-from-0-to-100-u10d2o1o.png Fig. 8. Removal of the off-center vocals track (from 0 to 100) from the Pcomponents of the music pre-processing scheme visualized as the energy ratio of the P-components for the vocals track as a function of the stereo parameter . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-snr-improvement-for-vocals-drums-versus-other-uf3lp8qd.png Fig. 6. SNR improvement for vocals/drums versus other instruments as a function of the stereo parameter from (18) for different stereo mixes with panning χ ranging from 0 to 100 for piano (panned to the left) and guitar (panned to the right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-vocals-drums-distortion-indicated-as-the-energy-ratio-3trmljq5.png Fig. 7. Vocals/drums distortion indicated as the energy ratio of the Pcomponents for the vocals/drums track as a function of the stereo parameter from (18) for different stereo mixes with panning χ ranging from 0 to 100 for piano (panned to the left) and guitar (panned to the right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-stereo-music-pre-processing-scheme-wd377hwf.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the stereo music pre-processing scheme for CI users https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-demographic-and-etiological-information-of-seven-2t10gk6s.png TABLE I DEMOGRAPHIC AND ETIOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF SEVEN POST-LINGUALLY DEAFENED CI TEST SUBJECTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-boxplot-with-snr-improvement-db-of-the-p-components-6ivtbjaz.png Fig. 2. Boxplot with SNR improvement (dB) of the P-components with vocals/drums versus the other instruments for the multi-track recordings used in [7] as a function of the number of iterations (J) with and without applying the binary mask (BM) from (9). The window length of the STFT used in this graph is 185 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mean-preferred-attenuation-of-the-h-components-for-1z4wips3.png Fig. 10. Mean preferred attenuation of the H-components for the 24 song excerpts with 7 CI subjects as a function of the complexity rating given by 12 NH subjects. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. Straight line is the linear regression (R2 = 0.43). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-individual-results-for-7-ci-subjects-with-their-36c5hg3x.png Fig. 9. Individual results for 7 CI subjects with their preferred setting for the attenuation of the H-components for 24 song excerpts with low, mid and high complexity. The average preferred setting from the seven subjects for low, mid and high complexity songs are in the rightmost column. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/a-structural-computing-model-for-dynamic-service-based-21h5ielkpo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-using-type-and-role-links-to-specify-information-units-22r1un39.png Fig. 1. Using type and role links to specify information units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reuse-of-types-roles-and-interfaces-3nkobmca.png Fig. 3. Reuse of types, roles and interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surroundings-of-a-service-which-belongs-to-the-39dqx3m0.png Fig. 4. Surroundings of a service which belongs to the fooservice category and which has specific affinities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-surroundings-of-an-iu-represented-as-a-hypertext-with-2axj5rnc.png Fig. 2. Surroundings of an IU represented as a hypertext with typed links. https://scispace.com/papers/a-string-function-for-describing-the-propagation-of-2yzncuisen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-models-8owinz8b.png FIG. 1. Schematic of models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratio-of-observed-to-theoretically-expected-westward-3b9iu6e2.png FIG. 4. Ratio of observed to theoretically expected westward phase speed of Rossby waves in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans (X) and Pacific (1) [redrawn from Chelton and Schlax (1996)]. Solid line shows the global zonal average of the westward phase speeds calculated from the string function as shown in Fig. 3 (dashed line is a Hanning low-pass of solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ratio-of-westward-propagation-speed-expected-from-3qndzci3.png FIG. 3. Ratio of westward propagation speed expected from string function to that expected from classical theory [i.e., ]ycm/(2bc2/ f 2)]. The string function cm is shown in Fig. 2. Much of the Southern Ocean is off the high end of the grayscale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-first-baroclinic-string-function-cm-5-c2-f-m2-s21-for-2g67j59d.png FIG. 2. First baroclinic string function cm 5 c2/ f (m2 s21) for extratropical globe. [Here c is the first baroclinic shallow water wave speed estimated by Chelton et al. (1998) from hydrographic data]. Contour interval is 20 000 m2 s21. [Values are 0 at the coasts, the first (520 000 m2 s21) contour appears typically as the most poleward contour in each ocean and values increase then equatorward.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-mass-anomaly-m-squared-shallow-water-2hibctzn.png TABLE 1. Definition of mass anomaly m̃, squared shallow water wave speed c, and string function cm 5 c2/ f (also separated into background parts) for models shown in Fig. 1.c and nonlinear c̃m mo A general form of m̃ that encompasses all of the models (except the one-layer) is m̃ 5 r1(2h1 1 H1) and describes the interfacial mass anomaly with respect to the rest state. Convenient model-specific forms shown can be obtained through sign changes and interchangement of r1 and r2 under the Boussinesq approximation. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-aggregation-bias-in-estimating-the-market-for-5gj8ms5jvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-elasticity-of-heat-pumps-with-respect-to-own-2n73evfn.png Figure 1. Elasticity of Heat Pumps With Respect To Own Capital https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-1ufbz55f.png Table 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-disaggregate-and-smsa-aggregate-elasticities-3ptkaz52.png Figure 4. Disaggregate and SMSA-Aggregate Elasticities: Electric Systems With Respect To Price of Gas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2l5ds5o7.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-3rv1y74m.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-yzjj8vss.png Table 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3flib9y8.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1loer4l5.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/papers/a-strongly-interacting-electroweak-symmetry-breaking-sector-1l2i7z5bal 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ewsbs-of-the-standard-model-after-the-lhc-run-i-3jhpplfy.png FIGURE 1. EWSBS of the Standard Model after the LHC run I: there are four low-energy bosons (3 massive bosons and the light Higgs-like scalar), and any new physics is beyond a mass gap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-total-cross-sections-oo-hh-left-and-oo-oo-right-for-2wmggkjy.png FIGURE 8. Total cross sections ωω→ hh (left) and ωω→ωω (right) for different values of b. With a= 1, µ = 3TeV and all the other BSM parameters null. From top to bottom, linear and logarithmic scales for y-axis (sigma, in nbarn). Note the enhancement of the cross sections in the strongly interacting scenarios compared with the SM. The BSM computations are not valid for √ s. 0.6TeV because of the approximations, being one of them the usage of the Equivalence Theorem [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-monte-carlo-computation-of-the-production-of-w-w-1hkxamig.png FIGURE 10. Monte Carlo computation of the production of W+ W− (blue) vs. W+L W − L (red). √ s = 13TeV, L = 10fb1. x-axis in GeV, y-axis in events / 33.3 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-total-cross-section-of-gg-o-o-the-red-dashed-line-2apbgzb6.png FIGURE 9. Total cross section of γγ → ω+ω−. The red– dashed line correspond to the SM prediction and the solid blue ones our ECLh predictions. From bottom to top, (a1 − a2 + a3) = 2×10−3, 4×10−3, 6×10−3. a = cγ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absolute-value-of-the-total-matrix-element-of-the-i63prbfc.png FIGURE 2. Absolute value of the total matrix element of the ωω → hh process |A| as function of µ . With a = 1, b = 2 and all the other BSM parameters taken to vanish at µ . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dependence-of-the-resonance-position-on-b-with-a2-1-2i0d3ym1.png FIGURE 3. Dependence of the resonance position on b with a2 = 1 fixed (upper curve) and for the MCHM (lower curve, blue online), a = √ 1−ξ and b = 1−2ξ (ξ = v/ f ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-imaginary-part-of-the-scattering-matrix-elements-qgqf8w6c.png FIGURE 4. Imaginary part of the scattering matrix elements for the ωω → ωω channel. With a = 1, b = 2, µ = 3TeV and all the other BSM parameters null. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-in-fig-4-but-for-the-oo-hh-channel-see-that-26p7jlyt.png FIGURE 5. Same as in fig. 4, but for the ωω → hh channel. See that the resonance is in the same position in both cases, as expected. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-escape-time-from-an-underground-street-in-a-56tkto2392 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-constitution-of-the-escape-routes-uv4yj6pk.png Figure 1: The constitution of the escape routes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-evacuation-capacity-for-each-exit-number-of-persons-oafm3rz0.png Table 5: Evacuation capacity for each exit (number of persons). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plan-of-the-iterative-programming-routes-1stxlvvs.png Figure 3: Plan of the iterative programming routes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-basement-1-plan-of-d-e-and-f-areas-in-the-29a4k6kb.png Figure 2: The Basement-1 plan of D, E and F areas in the underground street of Three Gorges Plaza. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-on-amplitude-transmission-in-ultrasonic-welding-of-4ny3mnobxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-predicted-temperature-profile-across-the-thickness-3dscambn.png Figure 10: Predicted temperature profile across the thickness of energy director and upper adherend over a vertical distance of 1 mm at three locations: overlap centreline (--), overlap quarter (–) and overlap edge (–). (a) t = 0.12 s (left circled peak in Figure 13), and (b) t = 0.50 s (right circled peak in Figure 13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-amplitude-of-the-displacement-curves-over-1jz9jaeb.png Figure 9: Average amplitude of the displacement curves over the entire duration of the vibration phase for all d values shown in Figure 8. Experimental data points are compared with numerical dynamic simulations for a nominal sonotrode amplitude of 45.4 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fast-fourier-transform-fft-of-representative-8kqz6zna.png Figure 10: Predicted temperature profile across the thickness of energy director and upper adherend over a vertical distance of 1 mm at three locations: overlap centreline (--), overlap quarter (–) and overlap edge (–). (a) t = 0.12 s (left circled peak in Figure 13), and (b) t = 0.50 s (right circled peak in Figure 13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-displacement-sensor-positions-on-the-bottom-surface-3vy15la3.png Figure 5: Displacement sensor positions on the bottom surface of the sonotrode for calibration measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-between-experimental-exp-power-and-3gj6mxxc.png Figure 9: Average amplitude of the displacement curves over the entire duration of the vibration phase for all d values shown in Figure 8. Experimental data points are compared with numerical dynamic simulations for a nominal sonotrode amplitude of 45.4 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-boundary-conditions-of-2d-model-to-predict-the-1gthxpox.png Figure 4: Boundary conditions of 2D model to predict the power dissipated during the ultrasonic welding process. A quarter model was used based on the symmetry (Sym.) of the system. Dimensions are not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-determination-of-amplitude-transmission-via-rvyarqne.png Figure 3: Determination of amplitude transmission via displacement measurement of the upper adherend during ultrasonic welding using a tilted sensor. Measured displacement: Dmeas, real https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-representative-displacement-curve-measured-using-3ego7b6j.png Figure 7: (a) Representative displacement curve measured using the laser sensor at d = 2 mm on the upper adherend during welding (1500 N welding force and 36.3 µm nominal amplitude), and (b) Close-up of the rectangular area in (a) where the black dashed line represents the estimated mean displacement curve. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-of-electron-recombination-using-highly-ionizing-seppo7amm8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-histogram-of-de-dx-calo-vs-residual-range-for-323mcyl1.png Figure 6. Left: Histogram of (dE/dx)calo vs residual range for the proton sample (black) and the deuteron sample (red). Equation 4.1 is plotted for protons (yellow line) and deuterons (green line). Right: The same histogram plotted on a log-log scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-birks-and-modified-box-model-fits-for-the-2449h4ph.png Table 2. Summary of Birks and modified Box model fits for the proton sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-recombination-fits-to-dq-dx-vs-de-dx-hyp-for-all-qnure628.png Figure 10. Recombination fits to dQ/dx vs (dE/dx)hyp for all angle bins. The red (blue) curves and text represent Birks model (modified Box model) fits. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-parameterized-stopping-power-for-various-particles-2pf9j47o.png Figure 2. Parameterized stopping power for various particles as a function of residual range (solid lines). The blue dotted curve shows the NIST stopping power for protons in argon at a density of 1.383 g/cm3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-larsoft-event-display-of-a-fully-contained-proton-3kelibnk.png Figure 5. LArSoft event display of a fully contained proton with kinetic energy of 100 MeV (data). The wire number of the collection plane (top) and induction plane (bottom) is shown on the horizontal axes. The ArgoNeuT wire spacing is 4 mm. The drift time (0.2 µs increments) is shown on the vertical axes. The track has 16 space points and a range of 9.7 cm. The track φ angle is 43◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-top-dq-dx-vs-de-dx-hyp-for-all-angle-bins-the-gako61bs.png Figure 9. Top: dQ/dx vs (dE/dx)hyp for all angle bins. The vertical bars represent the statistical error on dQ/dx. Bottom: Ratios of the data in the top plot (data points) including a 2% systematic error on dQ/dx. The red curve is the expectation of the columnar theory, reproduced from figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ratios-of-escape-probabilities-from-the-1byakeh2.png Figure 8. Ratios of escape probabilities from the recombination simulation (points) for R60◦ / R80◦ (blue), R50◦ / R80◦ (green) and R40◦ / R80◦ (red). The colored lines represent the angular dependence of the columnar theory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stopping-power-parameterization-for-various-particle-3ouiug9k.png Table 1. Stopping power parameterization for various particle types in argon at a density of 1.38 g/cm3. https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-on-objective-evaluation-of-vehicle-steering-comfort-3aqpm6kjfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-placement-of-emg-sensors-and-motion-reflective-282abdrr.png Fig. 3 The placement of EMG sensors and motion reflective markers (side view). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-calculation-of-the-movement-indices-2ltnkdje.png Fig. 9 The calculation of the movement indices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-significance-of-relationship-between-evaluation-31qsqnui.png TABLE II SIGNIFICANCE OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EVALUATION INDICES AND STEERING COMFORT RATINGS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-trend-of-the-emg-indices-and-the-movement-indices-34n9lfn2.png Fig. 10 The trend of the EMG indices and the movement indices under different SCRs. Note that in the current experiment, there are only two samples rated 4, and there are no samples rated 1, 9, and 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-driving-simulator-1jnm1yx0.png Fig. 1 Driving Simulator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-five-steering-patterns-with-different-resisting-2ojneukc.png Fig. 4 The five steering patterns with different resisting steering torque. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-slalom-driving-task-1as802qk.png Fig. 5 Slalom driving task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-function-of-measured-muscles-during-steering-llpvpxi0.png TABLE I FUNCTION OF MEASURED MUSCLES DURING STEERING MANEUVER https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-on-the-performance-comparison-of-energy-saving-186ajasdeu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rpm-power-for-a3-ship-and-a4-ship-yrinzh16.png Figure 6: RPM-Power for A3 ship and A4 ship https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-speed-power-for-a3-ship-and-a4-ship-2hyznjc6.png Figure 5: Speed-Power for A3 ship and A4 ship https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-sensitivities-on-the-surface-of-rudder-bulb-5-suvs95ea.png Figure 14: Sensitivities on the surface of rudder bulb[5] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-pressure-distribution-and-streamlines-4-2dens7hd.png Figure 12: Pressure distribution and streamlines[4] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-deck-house-vibration-for-35k-bulk-carriers-199lpm5b.png Figure 15: Deck house vibration for 35k bulk carriers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principal-dimensions-of-bulk-carrier-h1fviiol.png Table 1: Principal dimensions of bulk carrier https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specification-of-main-engine-1n6e7smt.png Table 2: Specification of main engine https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-comparison-with-6s42mc7-and-5s50me-b9-2-1fhh9wp2.png Table 10: Comparison with 6S42MC7 and 5S50ME-B9.2 https://scispace.com/papers/a-study-on-the-determination-of-mechanical-properties-of-a-ekwp7u0ufo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-parameters-obtained-from-optimisation-x4dbim0m.png Table 2 Examples of parameters obtained from optimisation. https://scispace.com/papers/a-subharmonicity-property-of-harmonic-measures-37a0t9g65h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-domain-g-and-its-boundary-1yncx1ni.png Figure 1: The domain G and its boundary https://scispace.com/papers/a-survey-of-security-issues-in-hardware-virtualization-3df3ocxfoy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-adversary-can-compromise-the-management-interface-3h4ynvf6.png Fig. 8. An adversary can compromise the management interface in various ways depending on the access privileges he has. Thus, he could launch a guest-to-management interface (g2m) or a network-to-management interface (n2m) attack. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-taxonomy-of-virtualization-concepts-wrokhgbd.png Fig. 1. Taxonomy of virtualization concepts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-adversary-can-compromise-a-guest-os-in-various-ways-162lwkz5.png Fig. 4. An adversary can compromise a guest OS in various ways, depending on the access privileges he has. Thus, he can launch an Internet-to-guest (i2g), a guest-to-guest (g2g), a virtual machine migration network-to-guest (vmmn2g), a guest-to-self (g2s) or a management interface-to-guest (m2g) attack. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-architecture-including-different-types-of-wecyqunj.png Fig. 3. System architecture including different types of networks and adversaries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-main-types-of-hardware-virtualization-3bow1brv.png Fig. 2. Main types of hardware virtualization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-an-adversary-could-compromise-the-hypervisor-in-250891a1.png Fig. 7. An adversary could compromise the hypervisor in various ways depending on the access privileges he has. Thus, he can launch a guest-to-hypervisor (g2hy), a host OS-to-hypervisor (h2hy), and a pyhsical/pyhsical management interface-to-hypervisor (p2hy) attack. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-adversary-can-compromise-a-host-os-in-various-ways-3l0kavx4.png Fig. 5. An adversary can compromise a host OS in various ways, depending on the access privileges he has. Thus, he can launch a guest-to-host (g2h), a host-to-self (h2s),or an Internet-to-host (i2h) attack. https://scispace.com/papers/a-survey-of-novel-airborne-sar-signal-processing-techniques-1mz972kopv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-precision-digital-surface-model-of-part-of-14526edi.png Figure 2. High precision Digital Surface Model of part of Jade Bight at the German North Sea. The complete 20km long swath with non-valid / water areas in violet (top) and zoom of dry-fallen area (bottom,left) including comparison with ALS data (middle) and histogram of differences (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-polarimetric-change-detection-for-stepped-frequency-3e3ehn1s.png Figure 4. Polarimetric change detection for stepped-frequency X-band data. The F-SAR data were acquired on 2014-05-14 and 2014-06-06 at the Nürburg Ring, before and during the „Rock-am-Ring” festival. Full scene size image of 3km by 3km and change detection result after thresholding (top). Zoom of white rectrangled area with parking lots (left) and campground (top): original, non-local means filter and change detection result (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-fully-polarimetric-l-band-circular-sar-image-in-3hlf4cd3.png Figure 3. A fully polarimetric L-band circular SAR image in the Pauli basis (image diameter 1.8 km, spatial sampling 6 cm). Zooms 1 to 4 depict an agricultural area, high-voltage pylons, a cattle herd and a low voltage power line, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-synopsis-of-the-mammals-of-north-america-and-the-adjacent-29qx07ofzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-49-fiber-zibethicus-275rrrel.png Fig. 49. Fiber zibethicus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-79-scapanus-m-townsenoi-no-493-field-columbian-museum-2tw0giw1.png Fig. 79. ScAPANus m. townsenoi. No. 493 Field Columbian Museum Coll. Upper tooth rows 3 times nat. size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-44-microtus-neofiber-alleni-no-572-field-columbian-3cbxkhl8.png Fig. 44. Microtus (Neofiber) alleni. No. 572 Field Columbian Museum Coll. Nat. size. Lower tooth row. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-mus-rattus-1clvydhx.png Fig. 28. Mus RATTus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-spermophilus-colobotis-kadiacensis-no-u-field-3i86i3ar.png Fig. 20. SPERMOPHILUS (COLOBOTIS) KADIACENSIS. No. u Field Columbian Museum Coll. Nat. size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-59-zapus-hudsonius-no-10902-field-columbian-museum-coll-25uvz237.png Fig. 59. Zapus hudsonius. No. 10902 Field Columbian Museum Coll. Enlarged 'AUpper tooth row. Lower tooth row. Enlarged 8 times. Enlarged 8 times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-52-thomomys-bottae-field-columbian-museum-coll-nat-size-2x6izlns.png Fig. 52. Thomomys bottae. Field Columbian Museum Coll. Nat. size. Upper tooth row. Enlarged 4 times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sciurus-neoscirus-carolinensis-no-3qs-field-columbian-3i4qgyza.png Fig. 11. SCIURUS (NeOSCIRUS) carolinensis. No. 3qS Field Columbian Museum Coll. Nat. size. https://scispace.com/papers/a-syntactic-omni-font-character-recognition-system-3vxxryvdnr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thinned-text-2d5fu9mg.png Figure 2: Thinned text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-converging-and-b-diverging-strokes-39pm0948.png Figure 5: (a) Converging and (b) diverging strokes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-is-generated-for-the-rule-given-above-notice-that-yf40dghk.png Figure 11 is generated for the rule given above. Notice that all the leaves consist of descriptors while the nodes are comprised of location functions that verify the proximity and interrelationship of the referenced descriptors. The leaves of the tree are ordered from left to right - in the same order as that in which the rules are read. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-seven-strokes-are-present-before-merging-b-after-32e8iycq.png Figure 6: (a) Seven strokes are present before merging. (b) After merging. three nstrokes are formed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-set-of-terminal-vectors-for-concavities-orhoqdwm.png Figure 10: Set of terminal vectors for concavities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-eight-quantized-directions-38ev3cor.png Figure 8: The eight quantized directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-sample-runs-1ghzcz9s.png Figure 13: Sample runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-character-basis-set-eight-descriptors-and-nine-1btbqy6z.png Figure 7: Character basis set: eight descriptors and nine location functions. https://scispace.com/papers/a-systematic-immunohistochemical-survey-of-the-distribution-1kw5gcwacb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-histology-of-tilapia-pituitary-consecutive-sagittal-31jktqa2.png Fig. 1 Histology of tilapia pituitary. Consecutive sagittal Paraplast sections stained with (a) HE and (b) PAS (see Table 2). a, b The adenohypophysis is divided into three main parts, the rostral (RPD) and proximal (PPD) pars distalis and the pars intermedia (PI). Sections display the neural connection of the hypothalamus to the pituitary (a, arrows) and the interdigitating branches of the PN reaching the PI (b, arrowheads). b Regions containing cells expressing ACTH (c) and α–MSH (d) investigated by the pre– absorption experiment (see Fig. 4). Bar 150 μm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-specificity-test-of-anti-rat-acth-antiserum-on-2sbihb4d.png Fig. 4 Specificity test of anti-rat ACTH antiserum on consecutive Paraplast sections (PI pars intermedia, PN pars nervosa, PPD proximal pars distalis, RPD rostral pars distalis). a–c Immunostaining of ACTH in the RPD (compare Fig. 1a,b, region c). a With the anti-rat ACTH antiserum not pre-absorbed. b,c After 24 h pre–incubation with α–MSH peptide at 40 μg/ ml (b) and 400 μg/ml (c) antiserum. d–f Cross-reactive staining of α–MSH in the PI (compare (Fig. 1a,b, region d). d With the ACTH antiserum not pre-absorbed. e, fAfter 24 h pre– incubation with α–MSH at 40 μg/ml (e) and 400 μg/ml (f) antiserum. Bar 50 μm. g, h Immunostaining of ACTH in the RPD. g With the anti-rat ACTH antiserum not pre-absorbed. h After 24 h pre–incubation with human ACTH 1–24 fragment at 40 μg/ml antiserum. Bar 150 μm. i Amino acid sequences for tilapia ACTH (1st line), human/rat ACTH (2nd line) and α–MSH (3rd line). Differences are indicated in red, insertions and deletions in blue. Green vertical lines indicate amino acids 1–23, the epitope of the rat ACTH peptide to which the antiserum is directed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-map-of-all-pituitary-hormone-localisations-the-rostral-yv3vz9jk.png Fig. 5 Map of all pituitary hormone localisations. The rostral pars distalis (RPD) is given in red (ACTH region) and yellow (PRL region). The proximal pars distalis (PPD) is coloured in dark blue (GH) and light blue (β–TSH) regions and in striped green symbolising both β–LH (light green) and β–FSH (dark green) areas. The pars intermedia (PI) is coloured as striped violet representing the intermingled α–MSH (pink) and SL (dark violet) cells. Note the pars nervosa (PN) branches (grey) that reach towards the PI https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-antisera-used-for-immunofluorescence-on-3tgbdogd.png Table 1 Primary antisera used for immunofluorescence on Paraplast sections (all antisera raised in rabbit) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-he-and-pas-staining-pi-pars-intermedia-pn-pars-iv6ljj0f.png Table 2 HE and PAS staining (PI pars intermedia, PN pars nervosa, PPD proximal pars distalis, RPD rostral pars distalis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-localisation-of-hormones-in-tilapia-pituitary-by-the-2holoe4x.png Fig. 2 Localisation of hormones in tilapia pituitary by the use of immunofluorescence. Eight consecutive sagittal Paraplast sections adjacent to Fig. 1 were stained with specific antisera raised in rabbit (see Table 1) and visualised with an FITCcoupled anti–rabbit IgG (PI pars intermedia, PN pars nervosa, PPD proximal pars distalis, RPD rostral pars distalis). a–c Antisera directed against chum salmon (a) PRL, (b) GH, (c) SL. d Antibody directed against human TSH β–subunit. e Anti-chum-salmon β–LH antiserum. f Anti-human β–FSH antiserum. g, h Antibodies directed against (g) rat ACTH (amino acids 1–23) and (h) human MSH α–subunit. Bar 200 μm https://scispace.com/papers/a-synuclein-strains-influence-multiple-system-atrophy-via-1nhdpxt1wd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-brain-infiltration-of-peripheral-immune-cells-in-1ggmj9sa.png Figure 6. Brain infiltration of peripheral immune cells in MSA mice after challenge with ɑSyn fibrils. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asyn-strains-cause-distinct-behavioral-and-neuronal-1z2ffcio.png Figure 1. ɑSyn strains cause distinct behavioral and neuronal pathology in MSA mice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-asyn-fibrils-causes-oligodendrogliopathy-with-3aj5zi2t.png Figure 2. ɑSyn fibrils causes oligodendrogliopathy with demyelination and brain atrophy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-strain-specific-microglial-activation-in-msa-mice-1qbak0sn.png Figure 3. Strain-specific microglial activation in MSA mice. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-antibodies-used-in-this-study-16smvwzj.png Table 2. Primary antibodies used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-characterization-of-the-pro-inflammatory-response-abtcl8z3.png Figure 4. Characterization of the pro-inflammatory response in primary microglia upon treatment with different αSyn assemblies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-astrocytic-activation-and-intracellular-inclusion-1pnvcouz.png Figure 5. Astrocytic activation and intracellular inclusion formation by ɑSyn ribbons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sequence-of-primers-used-for-qpcr-l64efaav.png Table 1. Sequence of primers used for qPCR https://scispace.com/papers/a-systematic-review-of-covid-19-vaccine-efficacy-and-2w2fx5przq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-s-mmar-of-accine-effec-i-ene-die-n-b-d-ac-c-d-d-n-d-jy64vt6s.png Table 2. S mmar of accine effec i ene die . N b d ac c d d . N d d acc ca d da c c a ( M d ). D a a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-s-a-of-covid-19-accine-i-hin-he-world-heal-h-organi-30bhn62c.png Table 1: S a of COVID-19 accine i hin he World Heal h Organi a ion Emergenc U e Li ing e al a ion proce . Vacc d c a d d c d d ba d b c c acc c . Vacc c d d c d - ba d a a ab cac da a https://scispace.com/papers/a-systematic-review-of-decision-aids-for-patients-making-a-18604o188l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-included-studies-of-patient-decision-aids-for-3r2fj044.png Table 1. Included studies of patient decision-aids for treatment of early stage breast cancer https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-treatment-options-for-early-stage-breast-cancer-in-2dlj395j.png Table 4. Treatment options for early stage breast cancer in typical chronological order from left to right, and existing breast cancer treatment decision aids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qualsyst-scores-qualitative-studies-1gelqfp7.png Table 3. Qualsyst scores: Qualitative studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-qualsyst-scores-quantitative-studies-2id1d0i5.png Table 2. Qualsyst scores: Quantitative studies https://scispace.com/papers/a-tale-of-ten-cities-characterizing-signatures-of-mobile-4axafxmp3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-considered-techniques-for-the-3njhx7vs.png TABLE 1 Summary of the considered techniques for the detection of classes of mobile traffic signatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spatial-tessellation-into-unit-areas-cells-in-the-2siyeyd4.png Fig. 1. Spatial tessellation into unit areas (cells in the legend), and partial ground-truth data for the (a) Milan and (b) Turin citywide scenarios. Figure best viewed in colors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-office-fabric-signatures-s-2-s-5-and-s-7-and-maps-of-s5ezz1na.png Fig. 8. Office fabric signatures s?2, s ? 5 and s ? 7 and maps of the related unit areas in Italian and French cities, with OpenStreetMap data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-office-pois-in-unit-areas-of-classes-c2-c5-and-c7-3lrwftkn.png TABLE 3 Office PoIs in unit areas of classes c2, c5 and c7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-residential-urban-fabrics-characteristic-signatures-1xex4f01.png Fig. 7. Residential urban fabrics. Characteristic signatures (with standard deviation) and maps of related unit areas in representative city scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-touristic-and-leisure-fabric-mobile-traffic-3v3rumtq.png Fig. 11. Touristic and leisure fabric mobile traffic signatures and maps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-examples-of-unique-urban-fabrics-signatures-and-maps-10kw2e2m.png Fig. 12. Examples of unique urban fabrics signatures and maps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-touristic-and-leisure-pois-in-unit-areas-of-c14-and-cq4bx1pl.png TABLE 5 Touristic and leisure PoIs in unit areas of c14 and c16. https://scispace.com/papers/a-tale-of-two-parasites-statistical-modelling-to-support-4m2cke3xcl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-the-predictive-probability-that-prevalence-18hbkppy.png Figure 2: Map of the predictive probability that prevalence of Loa loa exceeds 0.2 (20%). Solid dots indicate the sampled village locations and their observed prevalences. Figure reproduced from Diggle, Thomson et al, 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-village-level-blood-smear-2lztkoeh.png Figure 3: Relationship between village-level blood smear prevalence and RAPLOA prevalence. Black and red lines show the calibration models fitted to the original and validation data, respectively. The left-hand panel shows the relationship on the log-odds scale, the right-hand panel on the prevalence scale. Figure reproduced from Wanji et al (2012). Original data from Takougang et al (2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-maps-of-the-predictive-probability-that-at-most-1-2jk62cy0.png Figure 6: Maps of the predictive probability that at most 1% of individuals living at a particular location would give a Loa Scope estimate in excess of 20,000 microfilariae per ml. Solid dots show survey locations. The left-hand panel was constructed from the first round of surveys. In the right-hand panel the map has been updated to incorporate data from the second round of surveys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maps-of-survey-locations-left-hand-panel-and-the-h5wz0sxd.png Figure 4: Maps of survey locations (left-hand panel) and the predictive probabiity that RAPLOA prevalence exceeds 40% (right-hand panel). Figure reproduced from Zoure et al (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-empirical-cumulative-distributions-of-loa-loa-2c69evwz.png Figure 5: Empirical cumulative distributions of Loa loa microfilariae per ml in five randomly selected villages. Figure reproduced from Schlüter et al (2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-and-predicted-prevalences-of-loa-loa-a-2opkdqb8.png Figure 1: Observed and predicted prevalences of Loa loa: (a) spatial model from Diggle, Thomson et al (2007); (b) logistic regression model from Thomson et al (2004). Figure reproduced from Diggle, Thomson et al, (2007). https://scispace.com/papers/a-testability-metric-for-path-delay-faults-and-its-2cywn2tlna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-computingu-for-path-delay-faults-3lrbm1io.png Fig. 4. ComputingU for path delay faults https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-flow-of-test-scheme-selection-1m1r942l.png Fig. 9. Flow of test scheme selection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-finding-the-total-number-of-paths-cygedtr8.png Fig. 1. Finding the total number of paths https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-finding-the-detection-prob-of-a-path-delay-fault-l8g1d8if.png Fig. 3. Finding the detection prob. of a path delay fault https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-correlation-coefficient-jrj-between-the-actual-38og69np.png TABLE II CORRELATION COEFFICIENT, jρj, BETWEEN THE ACTUAL FAULT COVERAGE ANDU https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-fault-coveragevs-u-206uwfzc.png Fig. 5. Distribution of fault coveragevs. U https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-conventional-clocking-scheme-for-detecting-path-rkmo01tm.png Fig. 6. The conventional clocking scheme for detecting path delay faults https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-computing-switching-probabilities-30s9gcbe.png Fig. 8. Computing switching probabilities https://scispace.com/papers/a-theoretical-investigation-of-the-emerging-standards-for-3bmhv3gyxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-lap-inspired-framework-for-the-web-services-3oyhbymy.png Table 1. An LAP-inspired framework for the web services standards space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparing-alternative-instantiations-with-the-w2d1j5ca.png Figure 1: Comparing alternative instantiations with the travel agent scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-assessing-the-semantic-web-services-initiative-2wi869nk.png Table 3. Assessing the Semantic Web Services-initiative against the LAP-inspired framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-assessment-of-the-three-standards-initiatives-1xdptjyl.png Table 5: Assessment of the three standards initiatives against the LAP-inspired framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-assessing-the-ebxml-based-initiative-against-the-lap-1p1sdh8n.png Table 4. Assessing the ebXML-based initiative against the LAP-inspired framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assessing-the-w3c-initiative-against-the-lap-kxnelx4w.png Table 2. Assessing the W3C initiative against the LAP-inspired framework https://scispace.com/papers/a-theoretical-study-of-dispersion-to-aggregation-of-2fbsjqhzdw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-snapshots-of-equilibrium-phases-of-polymer-np-2fcwltf7.png Fig. 1 (a) Snapshots of equilibrium phases of polymer–NP mixtures at different monomer–NP attractions and polymer concentrations; (b) the second virial coefficient B2 (upper part) and diffusion coefficient D (lower part) of NPs as a function of monomer–NP attraction strength for two different polymer concentrations. Polymer chain length: N = 64. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-sum-of-all-the-monomer-np-enthalpic-interactions-1oszyy55.png Fig. 4 (a) The sum of all the monomer–NP enthalpic interactions as a function of the monomer–NP interaction parameter ε for the case of NPs that are dispersed and immobilized and for the case of mobile NPs in polymers. c = 0.357 and N = 64. (b) The sum of all monomer–NP enthalpic interactions at varying separations r between two immobile NPs, r being the mass–center distance. c = 0.310, N = 64, and ε = 5. (c) Polymer induced potentials between a pair of NPs at different polymer concentrations. N = 64 and ε = 5. (d) Radial distribution functions of NPs in the case of strong monomer–NP attractions (ε > 10kT ). Here c = 0.357, N = 64, σNP and σM being the diameters of the NP and the monomer, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-theoretical-study-of-the-h-and-hoo-assisted-propen-2-ol-23twp7piac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-the-pressure-dependent-rate-e044i1en.png Fig. 6. Comparison between the pressure-dependent rate constants of the chemically activated Ḣassisted propen-2-ol tautomerization computed with the SS-QRRK/MSC (lines) and RRKM/ME (dots) methods. For the SS-QRRK/MSC approach, two collision efficiency definitions are used: Gilbert et al. [22] (panels a, c, and e) and Dean et al. [23,24] (panels b, d, and f). Bimolecular https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-normalized-number-of-unimolecular-states-above-the-qf34vc27.png Fig. 7. (a) Normalized number of unimolecular states above the threshold energy, 𝐹𝐸, computed with numerical integration (𝐹𝐸,𝑛𝑢𝑚, green line) and the Troe approximation (𝐹𝐸,𝑎𝑝𝑝, blue line). (b) Correction factor 𝛥 of Gilbert et al. computed considering the parameters 𝐹𝐸,𝑛𝑢𝑚 (green line) and 𝐹𝐸,𝑎𝑝𝑝 (blue line). (c) Collision efficiency 𝛽𝑐 calculated with the definition of Gilbert et al. [22] and using 𝐹𝐸,𝑛𝑢𝑚 (solid green line) and FE,app (solid blue line), and collision efficiencies calculated with the original formulation of SS-QRRK/MSC (without the correction factor 𝛥) using 𝐹𝐸,𝑛𝑢𝑚 (dashed green line) and 𝐹𝐸,𝑎𝑝𝑝 (dashed blue line). (d) Rate constants for Ḣ-assisted tautomerization at 0.001 atm considering the collision efficiencies of Gilbert et al. [22] using 𝐹𝐸,𝑛𝑢𝑚 (solid green https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-the-pressure-dependent-rate-27dufst8.png Fig. 5. Comparison between the pressure-dependent rate constants computed with the original SSQRRK/MSC approach (solid lines) and the RRKM/ME method (dots) for the chemically activated Ḣ-assisted propen-2-ol tautomerization. (a) Bimolecular stabilization rate constants, 𝑘𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏, (b) rate constants for the formation of products, 𝑘𝑝, and (c) overall rate constants for the dissociation of the energized adduct back to the reactants, 𝑘𝑟𝑒𝑣. See text of Scheme 1 for explanation of the rate constants labels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ccsd-t-aug-cc-pvtz-m06-2x-cc-pvtz-adiabatic-potential-3vo72hq3.png Fig. 1. CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/cc-pVTZ adiabatic potential energy profile of the reactions R1 (a) and R2 (b) defined with the global minimum structures of each stationary point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-low-pressure-rate-constants-for-the-second-route-of-35uj3ink.png Fig. 9. Low pressure rate constants for the second route of the HOȮ-assisted tautomerization computed with the SS-QRRK/MSC-Dean approach for unimolecuar reactions [21]. (a) Steps R2. 3f (solid lines) and R2. 2r (dashed lines). (b) Steps R2. 2f (solid lines) and R2. 4f (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multistructural-anharmonicity-factors-for-some-of-the-1dcckwn2.png Fig. 2. Multistructural anharmonicity factors 𝐹𝑀𝑆−𝑇(𝐶) for some of the steps of the HOȮ-assisted tautomerizations. Those for the step R2. 4f are represented in the secondary y-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-rate-constants-for-the-overall-stepwise-green-line-3gsmhy7t.png Fig. 10. Rate constants for the overall stepwise (green line), first stepwise route (blue dots), second stepwise route (purple line), and concerted (red line) HOȮ-assisted propen-2-ol tautomerization at 0.01 atm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hpl-rate-constants-for-the-different-steps-described-n0rtll2i.png Fig. 3. HPL rate constants for the different steps described for reaction R1, including variational effects, tunneling, and multistructural torsional anharmonicity. Solid lines: this work, dashed lines: Zádor and Miller [41]. Primary y-axis: R1. 1r and R1. 2f, secondary y-axis: R1. 2r and R1. 1f. https://scispace.com/papers/a-theory-for-investment-across-defences-triggered-at-1nsav00f1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-for-investment-functions-i-where-1-s-i-s-is-an-3vregzvv.png Figure 1: For investment functions I where (1− s)I′(s) is an increasing function, prey can invest in multiple defences but always invest more in earlier defences. Here, the investment function is given in (30) and the cost function is given in (29). The vertical axis is s, the probability that a defence is not breached when tested, and is zero when investment in that defence is zero. Depending on the tested costs, the prey can invest in: all defences (ci = 0.2∀i, green rhombus); the first three defences only (ci = 0.3∀i, red cross); the first two defences only (ci = 0.4∀i, yellow triangle); or only the first defence (ci = 0.5∀i, black cross). Other parameter values: number of defences=4; a = 2, b = 2, k = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-for-investment-functions-i-where-1-s-i-s-is-a-2kt6gn0v.png Figure 3: For investment functions I where (1 − s)I′(s) is a decreasing function, the optimal strategy is to invest in one defence only; this will be the first defence when the second defence has nonzero tested cost, c2 6= 0. Here, the investment function is given in (31), the cost function is given in (29), and the tested costs are ci = 0.2∀i. Different symbols correspond to different values of parameters d and k: (d, k) = (0.1, 0.1) (green rhombus); (d, k) = (0.2, 0.1) (red cross); (d, k) = (0.1, 0.2) (black cross); (d, k) = (0.2, 0.2) (yellow triangle). Other parameters: number of defences=4; a = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-for-investment-functions-i-where-1-s-i-s-is-a-1nktifj1.png Figure 4: For investment functions I where (1 − s)I′(s) is a decreasing function, the optimal strategy is to invest in one defence only, but is degenerate when the second defence has tested cost zero (c2 = 0): the fitness is the same whether the prey invests in the first defence only, or invests the same resources in the second defence only. Here, the investment function is given in (31), the cost function is given in (29), and tested costs are c2 = 0, ci = 0.2 for i 6= 2. Different colours correspond to different different values of parameters d and k: d = k = 0.1 (red); d = k = 0.2 (green). Different symbols distinguish the two optimal solutions: investment in first defence (red circle and green diamond); investment in second defence only (red cross and green cross). Other parameter values: number of defences=4, a = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-optimum-strategy-might-be-to-invest-more-in-3c9pplw0.png Figure 5: The optimum strategy might be to invest more in later defences, if the different defences do not have the same investment functions. Here, the investment function is given in (30) and the cost function is given in (29). The prey should invest more in earlier defences when defences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-for-investment-functions-i-where-1-s-i-s-is-an-3lcw7doy.png Figure 2: For investment functions I where (1− s)I′(s) is an increasing function, prey can invest the same amount in two successive defences if the later defence has tested cost zero. Here, the investment function is given in (30) and the cost function is given in (29), and the tested costs are ci = 0.2 for all values of i except one. Optimal strategy is to invest the same in: first and second defences when c2 = 0 (red circles); second and third defences when c3 = 0 (orange triangles); third and fourth defences when c4 = 0 (green diamonds). Other parameters: number of defences=4; a = 2, b = 2, k = 0.2. https://scispace.com/papers/a-theory-of-electrodynamic-response-for-bounded-metals-118c4zlbho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-system-a-semi-infinite-metal-sim-3clqwju4.png FIG. 1. (a) Sketch of the system: a semi-infinite metal (SIM) occupies the half space z ≥ 0 and the vacuum occupies the other half. x = (r, z) and r = (x, y). A point on the surface is denoted by x0 = (r, 0). The present work is devoted to deriving a general dynamical response theory for the SIM without suffering from the routinely used boundary conditions. The theory allows us to calculate the charge density ρ(x, t) induced in the SIM due to the presence of any stimuli. In the example shown in panel (a), a particle of unit charge – indicated by a yellow dot – grazes over the surface at distance z0 and constant velocity V = (V, 0, 0), where V = 10vF for the plot. The gray scale indicates the value of ρ(x, t) in this example. The planar charge distribution, i.e. ρ‖(r, t) = ∫ dz ρ(x, t) is displayed in (b) for two models, the DM and the SCM, see Sec. V for discussions and other models. The particle is located at (0, 0,−z0) for the moment under consideration. The number in each panel indicates the value of z0ωp/vF . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-dependence-of-a-2-k-o-eq-96-and-b-2-k-o-eq-175dyixq.png FIG. 4. Frequency dependence of (a) Ω2(K, ω) [Eq. (96)] and (b) Ω2(k, ω) [Eq. (75)]. Re[Ω2(K, ω)] is even in ω whereas Im[Ω2(K, ω)] is odd in ω. At ω = 0, Ω is real. Ω2 depends on K and ω̄ via the combination KvF/ω̄, rather than individually. Similar properties hold for Ω2(k, ω). For large ω, these two quantities become comparable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-macroscopic-limit-of-a-physical-interface-joining-3m926idj.png FIG. 2. The macroscopic limit of a physical interface joining materials A and B. On the atomistic scale, the interface has finite thickness ds (left). The current density jµ can be related to its values JA/B,µ in the bulk regions (outside the interfacial layer) via the profile functions wµ(z), which approaches unity on side A and zero on side B. On a macroscopic length scale Λ ≫ ds, the interfacial layer appears infinitely thin and wµ(z) reduces to Heaviside step function Θ(z) (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-defining-quantities-of-various-models-1w3u7792.png TABLE I. Summary of the defining quantities of various models within the present response theory for SIMs. DM: the classical dielectric (Drude) model. HDM: the hydrodynamic model. SRM: the specular reflection model. SCM: the semi-classical model. Denote by ρ(x, t) the density of the charges induced in the metal by a probing electric field Eprobe(x, t), and E(x, t) the electric field due to the induced charges. The current density in the metal due to E(x, t) is denoted by J(x, t). The Fourier transform of ρ(x, t) along the surface, as defined via Eq. (7), is denoted by ρ(z;k, ω), where k is the wave vector along the surface andω the frequency. Similar transforms are defined for other field quantities. A further cosine transform is introduced for ρ(z;k, ω) via Eq. (12), the q-th component of which is denoted by ρ(K, ω) withK = (k, q). The dielectric function of an infinite metal, ǫ is related to Ω by this relation: ǫ(K, ω) = 1−Ω2(K, ω)/ω̄2. The dispersion of volume plasma waves (VPWs) is given by ǫ(K, ω) = 0. Meanwhile, G serves as a kernel that plays a role in Jz(0;k, ω) = ∫ ∞ 0 dq ( G(K, ω)/K2 ) ρ(K, ω). For all the models other than the SCM, G = ω2pk/π, whereas for the SCM G = ω 2 pk/π + Gs, where Gs is given by Eq. (97). For surface plasma waves (SPWs), the most important quantity is ǫs(k, ω) = 1 − ∫ ∞ 0 (dq/K2)G(K, ω)/(Ω2(K, ω) − ω̄2). The dispersion of SPWs is determined by ǫs(k, ω) = 0. The presence of Gs drastically lengthens their lifetime. If the SIM is exposed to a charge of density ρprobe(z;k, ω) totally residing in the vacuum, one has ρ(K, ω) = P(K, ω)ξ(k, ω), where ξ(k, ω) = 2π ∫ 0 −∞ dze kzρprobe(z;k, ω) and P(K, ω) = [ B(K, ω) + ǫ−1s (k, ω)B̄(k, ω) ] /(Ω2(K, ω) − ω̄2) with B̄(k, ω) = ∫ ∞ 0 (dq/K2)B(K, ω)/(Ω2(K, ω) − ω̄2). If the SIM is exposed to an electrostatic potential ϕ(K′, ω) cos(q′z), then ρ(K, ω) = χ(K,K′, ω)ϕ(K′, ω), where χ(K,K′, ω) = [ C(K,K′, ω) + ǫ−1s (k, ω)C̄(K ′, ω) ] /(Ω2(K, ω) − ω̄2) is the normal density-density response function with C̄(K′, ω) = ∫ ∞ 0 (dq/K2)C(K,K′, ω)/(Ω2(K, ω) − ω̄2). The SRM presumes a specularly reflecting surface in the calculation of B and C but not in G, in contrast to its original contrivance. Cs and Bs are given by the second term of Eqs. (104) and (107), respectively. The response functions P and χ are not independent but related by Eq. 42. They are of prime importance in many contexts but have not been analytically amenable until now. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-planar-distribution-of-the-charges-induced-by-a-zh13gs5a.png FIG. 8. Planar distribution of the charges induced by a particle of unit charge grazing over the surface at constant speed V = 10vF and distance z0, see Fig. 1 (a). The number at the upper right corner of each panel indicates the value of z0ωp/vF . Within each pair of panels of the same z0 and the same model, the left panel displays ρ(x0, t) and the right one displays ρ‖(r, t) = ∫ ∞ 0 dz ρ(x, t). The particle is located at (0, 0,−z0) for the moment under consideration. Gray scale indicates their values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-depth-distribution-of-the-charges-induced-by-the-1p1ihrez.png FIG. 9. Depth distribution of the charges induced by the grazing particle. The number at the upper right corner of each panel indicates the value of z0ωp/vF . Within each pair of panels of the same z0 and the same model, the left panel displays ρ(x, t) in the plane y = 0 and the right one displays ρ[(r0, z), t], where r0 = (0, 0). Gray scale indicates their values. The particle is located at (0, 0,−z0) for the moment under consideration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-convergence-upon-increasing-the-cut-off-qc-for-the-2fsyevtj.png FIG. 1. (a) Sketch of the system: a semi-infinite metal (SIM) occupies the half space z ≥ 0 and the vacuum occupies the other half. x = (r, z) and r = (x, y). A point on the surface is denoted by x0 = (r, 0). The present work is devoted to deriving a general dynamical response theory for the SIM without suffering from the routinely used boundary conditions. The theory allows us to calculate the charge density ρ(x, t) induced in the SIM due to the presence of any stimuli. In the example shown in panel (a), a particle of unit charge – indicated by a yellow dot – grazes over the surface at distance z0 and constant velocity V = (V, 0, 0), where V = 10vF for the plot. The gray scale indicates the value of ρ(x, t) in this example. The planar charge distribution, i.e. ρ‖(r, t) = ∫ dz ρ(x, t) is displayed in (b) for two models, the DM and the SCM, see Sec. V for discussions and other models. The particle is located at (0, 0,−z0) for the moment under consideration. The number in each panel indicates the value of z0ωp/vF . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-dynamical-structure-factor-s-k-o-s1-k-o-s2-k-o-in-3sp34ysa.png FIG. 7. The dynamical structure factor S(k, ω) = S1(k, ω) + S2(k, ω) in the dipole approximation according to (a) the SCM and (b) the SRM. Only the SPW peak is seen in S(k, ω). The peak in the SCM is significantly sharper than in the SRM, even though in the latter a bigger value of τ has been used. The curve by the HDM – not shown – is only slightly different from the SRM curve for the same parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/a-timewise-kinematic-method-for-satellite-gradiometry-goce-ajy1usxh4s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-for-all-the-remainder-classes-together-in-a-1vs88jwg.png Figure 8. For all the remainder classes together, in a solution for l ≤ 200, the formal and actual error are compared with the signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-for-the-r-0-class-including-the-zonals-in-a-4t0thxfa.png Figure 4. For the r = 0 class, including the zonals, in a solution for l ≤ 200, the formal and actual error are compared with the signal. The large bulge is such that both the formal and the actual error exceed the signal for degree l > 100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-for-the-r-1-remainder-class-in-a-solution-for-l-2fkpq84a.png Figure 11. For the r = 1 remainder class, in a solution for l ≤ 250, the formal and actual error become larger than the signal for large l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-gravity-anomalies-corresponding-to-the-two-22emlz5e.png Figure 5. The gravity anomalies corresponding to the two principal axes of the confidence ellipsoid (for χ = 1) represented as geoid anomalies, as a function of latitude. The vertical lines bound the latitude band covered by GOCE, the horizontal line is at 1 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-formal-standard-deviation-of-the-spherical-harmonic-2eshf6ll.png Figure 2. Formal standard deviation of the spherical harmonic gravity coefficients as a function of the degree l, for 25 ≤ l ≤ 250, including in the estimate only the diagonal terms of the normal matrix Cgg. The coefficients included in this test are only the ones for the remainder class r = 0 (see Section 4), including the zonals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-gravity-anomalies-corresponding-to-the-two-x7tbguv2.png Figure 6. The gravity anomalies corresponding to the two principal axes of the confidence ellipsoid (for χ = 1) represented as gravity gradient anomalies, as a function of latitude. The horizontal line is at 0.004 E, the noise level for GOCE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-for-the-r-7-remainder-class-the-formal-and-actual-3o856gdy.png Figure 10. For the r = 7 remainder class the formal and actual error are compared with the signal in the case where only the orbit error is included but no gradiometer bias. To be compared with Figure 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-for-the-remainder-class-r-1-we-plot-as-a-function-ni61a8k0.png Figure 3. For the remainder class r = 1, we plot as a function of the degree l, for 25 ≤ l ≤ 200: the gravity field signal (EGM96), the approximating Kaula’s rule, the formal uncertainty and the actual error (estimate minus “true” value used in the data simulation) of the first and the second iteration. The last two curves are almost superimposed. https://scispace.com/papers/a-thermodynamic-study-of-air-cycle-machine-for-aeronautical-qtq24siewh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-restrictions-to-test-cases-a-and-b-ep6fwjn2.png Table 1. Restrictions to test cases A and B https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-restrictions-to-test-cases-c-and-d-1vvsxjik.png Table 2. Restrictions to test cases C and D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-coefficient-of-performance-as-a-function-of-the-11dzkeoe.png Figure 5. Coefficient of Performance as a function of the aircraft Mach number https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-air-cycle-machines-representation-a-simple-cycle-b-3vvufwg4.png Figure 2. Air cycle machines representation: (a) simple cycle; (b) bootstrap cycle; (c) simple/bootstrap cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-constant-parameters-in-the-simulations-2vpoy0cx.png Table 3. Constant parameters in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-coefficient-of-performance-as-a-function-of-the-3d6ff778.png Figure 6. Coefficient of Performance as a function of the power required to drive the fan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-cabin-and-airplane-altitudes-schedule-1wwd3q3z.png Figure 1. Typical cabin and airplane altitudes schedule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ambient-external-temperature-as-a-function-of-time-ddlcsrru.png Figure 11. Ambient external temperature as a function of time-during flight. https://scispace.com/papers/a-tool-for-choreography-analysis-using-collaboration-1cgkjg32ft 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tool-for-choreography-analysis-j5oqxk13.png Figure 1. A tool for choreography analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-peer-synthesis-2pkawakz.png Figure 4. Peer synthesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-unrealizable-example-12c6z0sn.png Figure 5. An unrealizable example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-collaboration-diagram-top-and-its-dependency-1grhsocr.png Figure 2. A collaboration diagram (top) and its dependency relation (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-realizability-analysis-and-verification-results-1xd4t4td.png Table 1. Realizability analysis and verification results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-automata-construction-s1vzaz04.png Figure 3. Automata construction https://scispace.com/papers/a-tool-for-modelling-business-behaviour-using-decision-1h10gv0unn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decision-table-discount-5sr8r32i.png Fig. 3. Decision table: Discount https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plugin-integrating-ontologies-and-decision-tables-2q202tb7.png Fig. 2. Plugin integrating ontologies and decision tables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-visualiser-for-the-decision-to-crowdsource-case-2zef36ih.png Fig. 6. Visualiser for the decision to crowdsource case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-research-activities-36s3sf0w.png Fig. 1. Research activities https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-an-example-of-a-decision-table-q9w5tbbg.png TABLE I. AN EXAMPLE OF A DECISION TABLE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-decision-table-delivery-ftic1pre.png Fig. 4. Decision table: Delivery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-visualiser-for-the-order-discount-and-delivery-case-25rvzklt.png Fig. 5. Visualiser for the order discount and delivery case https://scispace.com/papers/a-topological-restricted-maximum-likelihood-topreml-approach-1g93ejex29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomy-of-the-compared-regionalization-approaches-1p68v79f.png Table 1. Taxonomy of the compared regionalization approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-empirical-correlograms-of-the-mean-specific-summer-f0rf4dli.png Figure 2. Empirical correlograms of the mean specific summer flow recorded at the 57 gauges of the Austrian data set. Distance has a different effect on the correlation between flow-connected (black circles) and flow-unconnected (white triangles) gauges. Both correlograms are well fitted by an exponential function but the spatial correlation range doubles when gauges are flow connected. Both empirical correlograms are constructed using 5 km bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-the-comparative-cross-validation-qjql8zh4.png Figure 5. Results of the comparative cross-validation analyses of (a) specific runoff and (b) wet season runoff frequency in Nepal, and (c) mean summer streamflow in Austria. First row: box plots with the quartiles and 95 % confidence intervals around the median of leave-one-out (LOO) absolute prediction errors. Compared models are TopREML (TR), Top-kriging (TK), universal kriging (UK), linear regression models (LM) and the sample mean (LM0). Note that without observable trends (b and c), LM and LM0 are equivalent. Second row: catchment level performance of TopREML. Signatures predicted by TopREML for each catchment in the leave-one-out cross-validation analysis are plotted against the corresponding observed signature. Diagonal lines (x = y) representing perfect fit are also displayed for indicative purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-the-monte-carlo-experiments-a-and-b-3o3yf9el.png Figure 6. Results of the Monte Carlo experiments. (a) and (b) display the effect of network complexity on the performance of TopREML relative to universal kriging. Network complexity is given as the ratio of basins beyond (Nouter) and within (Ninner) the spatial correlation range that are flow-connected – minimum network complexity is modeled when no basins beyond and all basins within the range are flowconnected. Relative performance is computed at each Monte Carlo run as the difference in relative prediction errors between universal kriging and TopREML (i.e., RE[UK]−RE[TR] on (a) and (b)). The graphs display the expectation and standard deviation of that difference over the 1000 Monte Carlo runs. (c) presents the observed (grey boxes) and predicted (black error bars) standard deviation on the prediction errors for Top-kriging (TK) and TopREML (TR). Note that the slight downward biases that appear on the graph remain below 1 % of the expected value of the predicted outcome. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-leave-one-out-cross-validation-results-for-2s94h0ve.png Figure 10. Leave-one-out cross-validation results for Austrian summer flow when resampling a subset of the training gauges. Computational performances are represented as the ratio of runtimes for TopREML against Top-kriging. Prediction performances are represented as the ratio of relative errors. TopREML performances when using gradient-based and stochastic optimization algorithms are represented as circles and triangles, respectively. Points represent the median value and error bars represent 90 % confidence intervals over 200 repetitions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-algorithmic-chart-of-the-provided-topreml-ux03pum8.png Figure 9. Algorithmic chart of the provided TopREML implementation. Dashed frames and arrows represent vector data and operations and the bold arrow represents the step requiring numerical optimization. The complexity of the computational tasks represented by the remaining plain arrows is driven by matrix inversion, which is of polynomial complexity. In the figure,X is a matrix of observed covariates and y a vector of outcomes measured at the available gauges, as defined in Eq. (1); x is a vector of identical covariates observed at the prediction location. A, U and cij are matrices of relative catchment areas, network topology and inter-centroidal distances of the available gauges, as defined in Eq. (6); a, Uout and cout ij are equivalent matrices for the prediction location. σ 2, φ and ξ are estimated variance parameters as defined in Eq. (3); τ , u and G are the estimated fixed and random effects (Eq. 11) and variance– covariance matrix (Eq. 7); g is the estimated covariance at the prediction location (used in Eq. 13). Finally, yout and Var(yout−y) are the predicted outcome and the related prediction variance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-catchment-characteristics-of-the-case-studies-1jl3hllp.png Table 2. Catchment characteristics of the case studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-location-of-the-gauges-and-related-catchments-37r74t92.png Figure 3. Location of the gauges and related catchments included in the cross-validation analyses in Upper Austria (a) and Nepal (b). Coloring is semi-transparent to emphasize overlapping catchment areas. Dark colors represent upstream catchments, whose runoff is monitored by many gauges downstream. Light colors represent downstream catchments with only few downstream gauges to monitor runoff. https://scispace.com/papers/a-trustless-privacy-preserving-reputation-system-3a6571sdqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structure-of-a-broadcasted-message-containing-a-2xgj43ux.png Table 1: Structure of a broadcasted message containing a review https://scispace.com/papers/a-tutorial-on-radiation-oncology-and-optimization-3eim5fsd97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-three-field-treatment-of-liver-lesion-1uo0ughj.png Figure 4.5. Three field treatment of liver lesion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-conformal-dose-distribution-the-target-is-shaded-2f0r202z.png Figure 4.3. Conformal dose distribution. The target is shaded white and the brain stem dark grey. Isodose lines shown are 100%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 30% and 20%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-19-the-dose-volume-histograms-for-treatment-plans-c3kztecm.png Figure 4.19. The dose-volume histograms for treatment plans with differing numbers of shots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-how-the-pitv-ci-and-ipci-indices-react-as-the-1gnzwh1w.png Table 4.1. How the PITV , CI and IPCI indices react as the number of possible shots increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-a-tomotherapy-multileaf-collimator-the-leaves-are-29wp27fb.png Figure 4.9. A tomotherapy multileaf collimator. The leaves are either open or closed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-a-multileaf-collimator-for-static-gantry-imrt-ko35gpzs.png Figure 4.10. A multileaf collimator for static gantry IMRT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12-the-dose-volume-histogram-indicates-that-100-of-311az1wl.png Figure 4.12. The dose-volume histogram indicates that 100% of the tumor receives its goal dose and that about 60% of the critical structures is below its bound of 40Gy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-a-tumor-surrounded-by-two-critical-structures-1b9nuic8.png Figure 4.11. A tumor surrounded by two critical structures. The desired tumor dose is 80Gy±3%, and the critical structures are to receive less than 40Gy. https://scispace.com/papers/a-two-parameter-model-for-the-infrared-submillimeter-radio-10ngkw70yd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pah-6-2-mm-equivalent-width-as-a-function-of-far-36q2g6nq.png Figure 6. PAH 6.2 μm equivalent width as a function of far-infrared color. The different curves indicate the trends for varying mid-infrared fractional levels of AGNs. The data points represent the 5MUSES survey; the colors are based on the fits shown in Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-subsets-of-the-two-comparison-samples-used-in-this-ygyfsivj.png Figure 1. (Subsets of the) two comparison samples used in this work. The subset of the 5MUSES sample (Wu et al. 2010) is the 74 systems with available Spitzer and Herschel/SPIRE photometry (Magdis et al. 2013) and the subset of the GOALS sample (Armus et al. 2009) is the 64 targets with Spitzer photometry (U et al. 2012). The luminosities in the right-hand panel come from U et al. (2012; GOALS) and this work (5MUSES). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-globally-integrated-infrared-submillimeter-spectral-2wkrreo4.png Figure 7. Globally integrated infrared/submillimeter spectral energy distributions for the 5MUSES sample of 24 μm selected galaxies (Wu et al. 2010; Magdis et al. 2013), sorted by right ascension. Open circles represent Spitzer data, filled circles are from the Herschel Space Observatory, and open triangles stem from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The dotted and dashed lines respectively trace the fitted star-forming and AGN components; the sum of the two components (solid line) is normalized to the Spitzer/MIPS and Herschel/SPIRE data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coefficients-for-determining-5-1100-mm-total-3aerib2w.png Table 1 Coefficients for Determining 5–1100 μm Total Infrared Luminosity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-collection-of-seven-pure-star-forming-model-3vvr2r14.png Figure 2. Collection of seven pure star-forming model spectral energy distributions along with that for a pure AGN. The star-forming spectra are essentially the suite of curves presented in Dale & Helou (2002), but with the ISOPHOT mid-infrared template replaced by the star-forming template of Spoon et al. (2007, their “1C” curve). The different star-forming curves portrayed here represent different αSF values. The AGN spectrum derives from the median quasar spectral energy distribution of Shi et al. (2013); see Section 3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-globally-integrated-infrared-submillimeter-spectral-2o30cp4c.png Figure 8. Globally integrated infrared/submillimeter spectral energy distributions for a subset of the GOALS sample of LIRGs and ULIRGs (Armus et al. 2009; U et al. 2012), sorted by right ascension. Open circles represent Spitzer data, open squares derive from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), and open triangles stem from GALEX, SDSS, and IRAS. The dotted and dashed lines respectively trace the fitted star-forming and AGN components; the sum of the two components (solid line) is normalized to the Spitzer 24/70/160 μm and IRAS 25/60/100 μm data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compilation-of-several-infrared-agn-quasar-hqvahud7.png Figure 3. Compilation of several infrared AGN/quasar templates/models from the literature (Richards et al. 2006; Schartmann et al. 2008; Mullaney et al. 2011; Shang et al. 2011; Kirkpatrick et al. 2012; Shi et al. 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-our-template-based-5muses-open-circles-and-goals-1s7stxfi.png Figure 10. Our template-based 5MUSES (open circles) and GOALS (filled circles) AGN mid-infrared fractions as a function of infrared luminosity. https://scispace.com/papers/a-two-dimensional-adsorption-kinetic-model-for-thermal-2s7h9a1fn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-a-one-and-b-two-25f5p914.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the a one- and b two-dimensional adsorption models. The AFP molecules bind to the ice lattice with an association constant K. The available sites on the surface of ice and on the AFP are given by large-gray and small-filled circles, respectively. In the twodimensional representation of the model b , the importance of AFPs to cover more sites than they bind to here binds to four sites and covers 6 is highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plot-of-the-thermal-hysteresis-activity-t-determined-43015eam.png FIG. 4. Plot of the thermal hysteresis activity T determined by the adsorption model for the two different CfAFP constructs and its comparison with the corresponding experimental values, as function of protein concentration. Experimental values for CfAFP-337 and CfAFP-501 are shown by filled circles and squares Ref. 50 , respectively, and the corresponding theoretical predictions are shown by continuous curves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-afp-ice-adsorption-parameters-for-tmafp-and-cfafp-1uthnkp8.png TABLE I. AFP-ice adsorption parameters for TmAFP and CfAFP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-adsorption-model-predicted-t-and-the-2r9buq73.png FIG. 3. Comparison of the adsorption model predicted T and the corresponding experimental values of the various TmAFP constructs at a protein concentration of 60 M. a Ribbon diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the various TmAFP constructs. b Theoretically predicted dark bars vs experimental values gray bars of T for the various TmAFP constructs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-the-thermal-hysteresis-activity-t-determined-3t80z1zz.png FIG. 2. Plot of the thermal hysteresis activity T determined by the adsorption model for the various constructs of TmAFP and its comparison with the corresponding experimental values, as function of TmAFP concentration. a TmAFP minus-1 coil, b wild type 4–9, c plus-1 coil, d plus-2 coils, e plus-3 coils, and f plus-4 coils. The continuous lines are the predicted dynamics while the symbols are represent the experiments Ref. 46 . The activity is maximum for TmAFP plus-2 coils and tapers off as additional coils are introduced. https://scispace.com/papers/a-unified-approach-to-cooperative-and-non-cooperative-sense-18wmuj80zp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surveillance-data-processing-353v6z5b.png Fig. 4. Intruder 1 horizontal and vertical separation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-saa-candidates-2brnyzg3.png TABLE I. SAA CANDIDATES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-navigation-and-tracking-error-ellipsoids-1kbyv173.png Fig. 2. Navigation and tracking error ellipsoids https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-intruder-1-horizontal-and-vertical-separation-wrtms2kf.png Fig. 4. Intruder 1 horizontal and vertical separation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-avoidance-of-descending-intruder-by-host-uav-g68x4pqm.png Fig. 5. Avoidance of descending intruder by host UAV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-interaction-with-mms-30t0lzh4.png Fig. 5. Avoidance of descending intruder by host UAV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-saa-technologies-and-system-process-31rocyln.png Fig. 1. SAA technologies and system process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uncertainty-volume-n30u5fe4.png Fig. 3. Uncertainty volume. https://scispace.com/papers/a-two-step-baro-mechanical-cycle-for-repeated-activation-and-3s730fdnz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-two-step-baro-272snsdd.png Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the two-step baro-mechanical cycle, in which the isomerization of spiropyran (SP) to merocyanine (MC) is triggered by mechanical stretching forces, whereas the opposite transformation is initiated by hydrostatic pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-series-plot-of-the-uv-absorption-spectrum-of-3n1x4ivm.png Figure 4: Time series plot of the UV absorption spectrum of the SP/MC system under the alternating influences of pressure and force throughout a representative BOMD trajectory. A color palette is used to highlight the intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-the-judgement-of-energy-distribution-284nqjjk.png Figure 3: Results of the Judgement of Energy DIstribution (JEDI) analysis for SP activation during a representative BOMD trajectory. A) Percentages of strain energy in the bonds, bendings and torsions of stretched SP after it is formed initially. The color-coded structure is a representation of stretched SP shortly before rupture, at an external force of 750 pN at 814 fs simulation time. Strain energies in all degrees of freedom were mapped onto the bonds. B) Percentages of strain energy in the scissile bond and in two dihedral angles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-progress-of-the-c4-o5-bond-cf-figure-1-for-1y9awqb1.png Figure 2: Temporal progress of the C4−O5 bond (cf. Figure 1 for the numbering scheme), which ruptures during isomerization of SP to MC and forms during the reverse process, throughout the course of a representative Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics (BOMD) trajectory. Pressure was increased in steps of 0.5 GPa throughout the gray shaded areas. Stretching forces were increased in steps of 300 pN in the white area. Gray vertical lines signify the points in time when the pressure or the force were adjusted, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/a-unified-scheme-for-the-calculation-of-differentiated-and-2rcblfnd7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-the-total-density-fitting-error-e-with-1ly0q97w.png FIG. 6. The timings for the LS-TRRH and TRDSM contributions from Fig. 5 shown with the corresponding timings when full matrices are used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-convergence-of-the-preconditioning-equations-in-the-1fr1lpd9.png TABLE IV. Global H2O LDA/d-aug-cc-pVTZ convergence, second SCF iteration. Convergence of the RH Newton equations Eq. 43 in the Löwdin basis with and without a diagonal preconditioner. The constrained step-size parameter is marked with an asterisk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-outline-of-the-mcmurchie-davidson-algorithm-for-4zfkdfis.png Figure 4.1: Outline of the McMurchie-Davidson algorithm for four-center two-electron integrals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-outline-of-the-link-algorithm-1665ta1h.png Figure 4.2: Outline of the LinK algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-errors-in-atomization-energies-hartree-arising-from-3als8mlg.png TABLE I. Errors in atomization energies hartree arising from Coulomb and overlap density fitting for N2 and CO at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ df-pVTZ level of theory, with and without use of the CP correction. The calculations have been carried out at the experimental bond distances of 109.768 pm for N2 and 112.8323 pm for CO. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-local-h2o-lda-d-aug-cc-pvtz-convergence-seventh-39gm1rfs.png TABLE III. Local H2O LDA/d-aug-cc-pVTZ convergence, seventh SCF iteration. Convergence of the RH Newton equations Eq. 43 in the Cholesky basis with and without a diagonal preconditioner. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-local-h2o-lda-d-aug-cc-pvtz-convergence-seventh-scf-3tb7y4pi.png TABLE V. Local H2O LDA/d-aug-cc-pVTZ convergence, seventh SCF iteration. Convergence of the RH Newton equations Eq. 43 in the Löwdin basis with and without a diagonal preconditioner. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-global-h2o-lda-d-aug-cc-pvtz-convergence-second-scf-3kjc44ok.png TABLE IV. Global H2O LDA/d-aug-cc-pVTZ convergence, second SCF iteration. Convergence of the RH Newton equations Eq. 43 in the Löwdin basis with and without a diagonal preconditioner. The constrained step-size parameter is marked with an asterisk. https://scispace.com/papers/a-uniform-time-trade-off-method-for-states-better-and-worse-3e3iqbd5uy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-conventional-tto-approach-to-valuation-of-1vp6imqp.png Figure 1. The conventional TTO approach to valuation of states worse than dead. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-lead-time-tto-with-an-illustration-of-responses-3jgyu5eu.png Figure 2. The Lead Time TTO, with an illustration of responses that would yield positive and negative valuations respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tto-values-for-feasibility-study-and-mvh-study-2whnvwsa.png Table 3. TTO Values for Feasibility Study and MVH Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-raw-and-re-scaled-vas-valuations-from-the-2vxx35ec.png Table 2. Raw and re-scaled VAS valuations from the feasibility study, compared with corresponding VAS valuations in the MVH https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-feasibility-study-sample-243mwoay.png Table 1. Characteristics of the feasibility study sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-tto-results-23723n1o.png Figure 3. Distribution of TTO results https://scispace.com/papers/a-unified-tabu-search-algorithm-for-vehicle-routing-problems-13kdn2i2yl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-cpu-time-on-type-3-of-vrpstw-2fi4bksm.png Table 7 Comparison of CPU time on Type 3 of VRPSTW https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-results-on-type-1-of-vrpstw-2r8xfho9.png Table 1 Comparison of the results on Type 1 of VRPSTW https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-types-of-vrpstw-in-each-diagram-the-horizontal-3ittyr6p.png Figure 1 Main types of VRPSTW. In each diagram, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the penalty cost. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-cpu-time-on-type-2-of-vrpstw-1dennhyc.png Table 4 Comparison of CPU time on Type 2 of VRPSTW https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cpu-time-on-type-1-of-vrpstw-mb9q0l5b.png Table 2 CPU time on Type 1 of VRPSTW https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-results-on-type-2-of-vrpstw-3c4zfw1e.png Table 3 Comparison of the results on Type 2 of VRPSTW https://scispace.com/papers/a-universally-calibrated-microplate-ferric-reducing-3adxzf8t26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-calibration-graphs-for-mfrap2-assay-with-afs-33brsmz0.png Figure 2 shows calibration graphs for mFRAP2 assay with AFS, gallic acid, or https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frap-value-and-total-phenols-content-of-manuka-honey-1wfe62oe.png Table 2 FRAP value and total phenols content of Manuka honey related to UMF rating https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-parameters-for-the-microplate-frap-fwtgtg18.png Table 1: Calibration parameters for the microplate FRAP assays before and after pathlength correction https://scispace.com/papers/a-universal-method-to-create-surface-patterns-with-extreme-4cya1lssrs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-potentiodynamic-polarization-curves-of-1r10nxz9.png Figure 4. (a) Potentiodynamic polarization curves of superhydrophobic surface, superhydrophilic surface and ordinary surface. (b) FTIR spectra of the etching Al surfaces (1) before and (2) after FAS modification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-x-ray-diffraction-xrd-patterns-of-polished-al-29zismze.png Figure 5. (a) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of polished Al surface and the etched Al surface. (b)Variation in the water contact angles with the processing time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fog-harvest-results-on-different-surfaces-a-21wieuqr.png Figure 10. Fog harvest results on different surfaces. (a) Schematic of the fog harvest set. (b) Water collection rate of different surfaces in the fog harvest process. (c) Droplet number of water collected on different surfaces for 30 min fog harvest process. (d) Average mass of each collected droplet in fog harvest processes on different surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fabrication-of-extreme-wettability-patterns-on-ti-2a8yr7l3.png Figure 6. Fabrication of extreme wettability patterns on Ti substrate. (a) Water droplets (dyed red) were positioned on the superhydrophobic area after chemical etching in Step I. (b) Water (dyed red) on extreme wettability patterns in air after processing of Step II. (c) Dichloromethane (dyed red) on extreme wettability patterns of Ti surface that was immersed in water. SEM images of etched Ti surfaces at different magnifications: (d) superhydrophobic region, (e) the boundary of the two etched regions, and (f) superhydrophilic region obtained by secondary etching in Step II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fabrication-of-extreme-wettability-patterns-on-mg-en8jvftv.png Figure 9. Fabrication of extreme wettability patterns on Mg alloy substrate. (a) Water droplets (dyed red) were positioned on the superhydrophobic area after chemical immersion in Step I. (b) Water (dyed red) on extreme wettability patterns in air after processing of Step II. (c) Dichloromethane (dyed red) on extreme wettability patterns of Mg alloy surface that was immersed in water. SEM images of immersed Mg alloy surfaces at different magnifications. (d) Superhydrophobic region, (e) boundary of dual etching regions, and (f) superhydrophilic region that was obtained by secondary immersion in Step II. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fabrication-process-of-extreme-wettability-patterns-2cdmkvfz.png Figure 1. Fabrication process of extreme wettability patterns. Step I: Fabrication of superhydrophobic region by mask based chemical processing and fluoroalkylsilane modification. Step II: Fabrication of superhydrophilic region by chemical processing with dropping liquids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fabrication-of-extreme-wettability-patterns-on-3m9i6cyh.png Figure 7. Fabrication of extreme wettability patterns on steel substrate. (a) Water droplets (dyed red) were positioned on the superhydrophobic area after chemical etching in Step I. (b) Water (dyed blue) on extreme wettability pattern in air. (c) Dichloromethane (dyed red) on extreme wettability pattern with water-film protection. SEM images of etched steel surfaces are at different magnifications. (d) superhydrophobic region, (e) boundary of dual etching regions, and (f) superhydrophilic region that was obtained by secondary etching. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-masking-template-for-extreme-wettability-pattern-6gmpz1rv.png Figure 2. (a) Masking template for extreme wettability pattern with single-superhydrophilic region. (b) Process of mask based chemical etching. (c) Water droplets (dyed red) were positioned on the superhydrophobic area after chemical etching. (d) Water (dyed red) on extreme wettability pattern in air. (e) Dichloromethane (dyed red) on extreme wettability pattern with water-film protection. (f) Water (dyed blue) on other wettability pattern in air. https://scispace.com/papers/a-vehicle-based-measurement-framework-for-enhancing-3auiujgeq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-accuracy-of-a-fitted-region-model-and-a-global-unohsx74.png Figure 8: Accuracy of a fitted region model and a global model in predicting the power of TV signals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-illustration-of-region-models-in-v-scope-3ej5csnt.png Figure 10: Illustration of region models in V-Scope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cdf-of-differences-between-the-power-of-a-digital-29wsbyug.png Figure 7: CDF of differences between the power of a digital TV signal and that of its pilot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-region-models-fitted-by-linear-regression-and-9wpwedtv.png Figure 9: Region models fitted by linear regression and weighted regression in predicting a TV broadcast. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-measured-signal-strength-vs-propagation-range-in-399in5gq.png Figure 11: Measured signal strength vs. propagation range (in log scale) of a whitespace transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-power-of-a-tv-broadcast-vs-power-of-its-adjacent-298ucrg4.png Figure 14: Power of a TV broadcast vs. power of its adjacent-channel leakage at different locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-measurement-locations-for-the-whitespace-2hvw8pi5.png Figure 12: Measurement locations for the whitespace transmitter. A darker color indicates higher power. Two radiation sectors in Figure 11 are also marked. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-accuracy-in-predicting-the-power-of-unlicensed-1vbbr1lo.png Figure 21: Accuracy in predicting the power of unlicensed devices. https://scispace.com/papers/a-victor-s-history-a-comparative-analysis-of-the-labour-2j4o0h3np1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-genesis-of-the-labour-movement-1894-1908-qlsvcwhm.png Figure 1. The genesis of the labour movement, 1894-1908 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-over-simplification-by-omission-1948-49-3e5yzvgq.png Figure 4. Over-simplification by omission, 1948-49. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-narrative-of-divisive-politics-1945-47-t7904esu.png Figure 3. A narrative of divisive politics, 1945-47. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-playing-down-communist-resistance-to-colonial-7tm6du9f.png Figure 2. Playing down communist resistance to colonial oppression, 1924-27. https://scispace.com/papers/a-versatile-pulsed-anion-source-utilizing-plasma-entrainment-xepuupf553 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-composite-mass-spectrum-of-oh-ar-n-the-small-cluster-181rkz8p.png FIG. 4. Composite mass spectrum of OH−(Ar)n. The small cluster sizes are scaled down as marked in order to view the large cluster distribution and “magic numbers” at n = 12 and 18 (labeled in green). While this mass spectrum only shows out to n = 29, this anion source is able to solvate OH− with over 40 Ar atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-tof-mass-spectra-from-experiments-1glqjh5a.png FIG. 3. Comparison between TOF mass spectra from experiments using neat Ar (black dashed) and 1%O2/Ar (red) for the main expansion. Neat Ar is used in the side discharge source for both experiments. Entrainment of electrons is demonstrated from the formation of the O− and O2 − anions. The appearance of small hydrocarbons arises from sputtering of the stainless steel discharge electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photoelectron-spectra-of-oh-ar-n-0123712-and-18-at-1mgu1r39.png FIG. 5. Photoelectron spectra of OH−(Ar)n=0,1,2,3,7,12, and 18 at three different wavelengths: 459 (top), 532 (middle), and 602 (bottom) nm. The solvation energy, indicated above, is derived from peak shift upon further solvation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-photoelectron-spectra-of-hoco-tie0n1y5.png FIG. 6. Comparison of the photoelectron spectra of HOCO− between the 764 nm spectrum (this work, green) and the 775 nm spectrum (blue) from Johnson et al.49 The diamond and star symbols denote the EA of cis– and trans–HOCO, respectively, from the assignments in the work of Johnson et al.49 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-arrangement-of-the-pulsed-plasma-entrainment-na1d69tw.png FIG. 1. Schematic arrangement of the pulsed plasma-entrainment anion source employing two solenoid valves. The home-made components are presented in further detail in the Supplementary Material.39 The inset shows a larger cross section of the small (1.5 mm in diameter) discharge region between the two electrodes separated by the 1 mm thick MACOR insulator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-voltage-and-current-time-traces-resulting-from-a-2000-2w1kkhdn.png FIG. 2. Voltage and current time traces resulting from a −2000 V, 85 µs applied discharge voltage for OH− production. Through the 20 kΩ resistor, the voltage drops about 1600 V (red trace), which corresponds to the peak discharge current of 80 mA (blue trace). The inset shows the circuit diagram in which the discharge electrodes are under vacuum in the source chamber. https://scispace.com/papers/a-visual-interactive-method-for-prime-implicants-3eipi3amvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2awsaut9.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-visualization-of-the-pruning-procedure-on-a-parallel-8h966t9x.png Fig. 1. Visualization of the pruning procedure on a parallel coordinates diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-non-coherence-4ejxvv6t.png Fig. 4. Example of non-coherence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-non-coherence-308gn72j.png Fig 3. Example of non-coherence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-visualization-of-the-results-of-the-first-iteration-of-3ozs1tii.png Fig. 7. Visualization of the results of the first iteration of the pruning step on the accident sequences of the artificial case study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-representation-in-parallel-coordinates-of-the-accident-2uagw03k.png Fig. 6. Representation in parallel coordinates of the accident sequences of the artificial case study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-safety-relevant-signal-during-hr4latri.png Fig 2. Evolution of the safety-relevant signal during simulated accident sequences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-visualization-of-the-results-of-the-first-iteration-34ynrsoq.png Fig. 10. Visualization of the results of the first iteration of the pruning step on the accident sequences of the CANDU AS https://scispace.com/papers/a-way-forward-to-promote-the-farming-contracts-between-firms-21s41hlfix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-survey-samples-on-farmer-contracts-1pphvl4u.png Table 1. Summary of survey samples on farmer contracts between firms and farmers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-exploratory-factor-analysis-results-for-the-2c4ww4yq.png Table 4. Exploratory factor analysis results for the independent variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-regression-model-34kwruky.png Table 5. Summary of regression model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-scale-test-for-independent-and-dependent-2vcrjs6z.png Table 3. Summary of scale test for independent and dependent variables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-building-survey-table-and-conducting-data-27qo5996.png Fig. 1 Model of building survey table and conducting data collection survey https://scispace.com/papers/a-vital-sign-based-prediction-algorithm-for-differentiating-wh3vtiksj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shapley-additive-explanations-shap-force-plots-for-21t44qaf.png Figure 4. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) force plots for sample observations from (a) Influenza A/B and (b) COVID-19-623 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shapley-additive-explanations-shap-beeswarm-summary-3eej5yds.png Figure 3. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) beeswarm summary plot of shap values612 distribution of each feature of the test dataset. The plot depicts the relative importance, impact613 and contribution of different features on the output of (a) Influenza vs COVID-19-positive, (b)614 Influenza vs Other and (c) COVID-19-positive vs COVID-19-negative predictive models. The615 summary plot combines feature importance with feature effects. The features on the y-axis are616 ordered according to their importance. Each point on the summary plot is a Shapley value for a617 feature and an instance (i.e., a single patient encounter in this case) in the dataset. The position of618 each point on the x-axis shows the impact that feature has on the classification model’s619 prediction for a given instance. The color represents the high (red) to low (blue) values of the620 feature (i.e., Age, BMI etc.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-metrics-of-different-xgboost-models-for-1eb6npi9.png TABLE 3. Performance metrics of different XGBoost models for predicting the given record as COVID-19-positive or influenza when tested on Internal validation or test set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-of-influenza-versus-covid-19-positive-2r8yueqo.png TABLE 4. Performance of Influenza versus COVID-19-positive and Influenza versus Others (COVID-19-positive/-negative) classification models on the external validation cohort. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves-showing-f8f8s4q4.png Figure 2. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves showing the predictive performance of the (a) COVID-19-positive versus COVID-19-negative, and (b) Influenza versus Other prediction models on the internal validation test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-wvu-patients-included-covid-19-30kyfbed.png TABLE 1. Demographics of WVU Patients (included COVID-19-positive, COVID-19negative and Influenza cohort) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves-showing-1uyapp1n.png Figure 1. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves showing the predictive performance of the (a) influenza versus COVID-19-positive model and (b) Influenza versus Other prediction models on the internal test and external validation datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shapley-additive-explanations-shap-force-or-2xgq1uyy.png Figure 5. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)force or explanation plots of two patient encounters with (a) COVID-19-negative and (b) COVID-19-positive predictions. Features that are contributing to a higher and lower SHAP values are shown in red and blue, https://scispace.com/papers/a-wide-field-of-view-microscope-based-on-holographic-focus-4hezq022t0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-bar-pattern-target-b-c-images-of-bars-with-x-1-um-31ibx33m.png Fig. 4. (a) Bar pattern target; (b)(c) Images of bars with x = 1 µm and 2 µm, respectively.. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wide-fov-microscope-system-the-focus-grid-is-generated-1qwtl2lx.png Fig. 3. Wide FOV microscope system. The focus grid is generated by the hologram with incident collimated beam. The collimated beam can be scanned by a scanning mirror and thus the focus grid will be scanned. Image can be obtained by measuring the transmission of each focus beam using an imaging sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-recording-scheme-for-the-hologram-a-a-beam-splitter-20lnkd8g.png Fig. 1. Recording scheme for the hologram. (a) A beam splitter combines the collimated reference beam and the transmitted light field through a grid of apertures; (b) The transmitted collimated beam through the thinly-coated metal layer interferes with the transmitted light through the apertures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-reconstructed-focus-light-spots-by-a-hologram-b-zoom-1zggrsyo.png Fig. 2. (a) Reconstructed focus light spots by a hologram; (b) zoom-in of the spots; (c) the same spots scanned to a different location; (d)(e) measured size of the spots as indicated in (b), (c), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-onion-skin-cell-image-acquired-using-the-preliminary-3lv5aa84.png Fig. 5. (a) Onion skin cell image acquired using the preliminary microscope system; (b) Zoom-in of the region as indicated in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/a-wider-approach-to-aid-effectiveness-correlated-impacts-on-2n6cpjrqte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-education-health-project-aid-as-a-fraction-of-total-10gzor43.png Table 5: Education/health project aid as a fraction of total aid, 1995-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-countries-included-in-the-analysis-35vuiv74.png Table 1: Countries included in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-predicted-growth-burkina-faso-2ff721ao.png Table 8: Predicted growth, Burkina Faso https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-predicted-growth-paraguay-3n3jbwzw.png Table 9: Predicted growth, Paraguay https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-illustrative-statistics-for-burkina-faso-26q2he2x.png Table 2: Illustrative statistics for Burkina Faso https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-illustrative-statistics-for-paraguay-busl79t0.png Table 3: Illustrative statistics for Paraguay https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-direct-effects-of-aid-on-the-development-indicators-1iwkifrk.png Table 6: Direct effects of aid on the development indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-equilibrium-effects-of-aid-170q8s97.png Table 7: Equilibrium effects of aid https://scispace.com/papers/a-wide-role-for-notch1-signaling-in-acute-leukemia-3k80edn3fl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rt-pcr-analysis-of-dsl-ligands-expression-in-t-all-3fp5suah.png Fig. 1. RT-PCR analysis of DSL ligands expression in T-ALL cell lines; EW36 B cell line and PBMC have been used as control for JAGGED1, JAGGED2, DLL-1, DLL-3, DLL-4. To verify the specificity of the reactions, parallel amplifications have been performed on genomic DNA resulting in amplified DNA fragments of different size (not shown). The house keeping gene GAPDH has been used for normalization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-scheme-of-the-possible-bidirectional-signaling-of-3efsqvjo.png Fig. 4. A scheme of the possible bidirectional signaling of Notch1/DSL li signaling and the transcription of target genes; on the contrary the high leve signaling, even if NOTCH1 is expressed on these cells, possibly because o decreased binding affinity; on the other side in AML cells the signaling star might contribute to leukemogenesis. In BCP–ALL low levels of both N neoplasia. The interaction between NOTCH1and the DSL ligands, here rep driving to an autocrine signaling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-median-and-distribution-of-the-expression-values-of-gg7vkam4.png Fig. 3. Median and distribution of the expression values of NOTCH relate samples from patients with T-ALL, BCP–ALL and AML. Normalization h been used to represent data and the median value (dark line) is reported Results of Tukey test (multiple comparison) are reported: the difference be P!0.05; is not significant when PO0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rt-pcr-analysis-of-notch-pathway-related-genes-notch1-1wqza99f.png Fig. 2. RT-PCR analysis of Notch pathway-related genes, NOTCH1, its tar blood samples from patients with acute leukemia T-ALL, BCP–ALL and A controls were inserted: for the amplification of NOTCH1, HES1 and pTa po lines, for JAGGED1and DLL-4 amplifications EW36 and MOLT4 cell line Results of one representative experiment are reported. https://scispace.com/papers/a-working-memory-bias-for-alcohol-related-stimuli-depends-on-2wv020p96h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interaction-between-drinking-score-continuous-2hldg6cs.png Figure 2. Interaction between “drinking score” (continuous) “stimulus type” (alcohol vs. neutral) “probe location” (correct vs. incorrect). The interaction with the continuous measure “drinking score” is visualized by means of estimated accuracy values for each condition at 1 SD and 1 SD of the drinking score, respectively. The accuracy values were estimated based on the GLM by using the b values and intercept calculated for drinking score in each condition (SPSS). Only with alcohol-related probe stimuli in correct locations (left graph, left side) a strong difference between 1 SD vs. 1 SD was observed, suggesting that higher scorers performed better with alcohol-related probes (in correct locations) than lower scorers. Higher scorers also performed better with alcohol stimuli than with neutral probes, whereas for lower scorers the reverse was true. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-procedure-of-an-example-trial-an-encoding-34lqzq78.png Figure 1. Schematic procedure of an example trial. An encoding set comprising two alcohol-related (bottle of beer, whisky bottle) and two neutral (coffee-pot, toilet cleaner) stimuli. An interference task in form of a visual discrimination judgment was then completed during WM delay. Finally, participants indicate whether a probe stimulus—here the whisky bottle—was correctly or incorrectly located with respect to the encoded set (here it is correctly located). Further explanations in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/a-wireless-and-artefact-free-128-channel-neuromodulation-16ezgc2djj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-closed-loop-neuromodulation-systems-2dbc5p4e.png Table 1 | Comparison of closed-loop neuromodulation systems with full in vivo validation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lfp-recordings-during-the-joystick-task-a-diagram-of-34jmaqhj.png Fig. 3 | LFP recordings during the joystick task. a, Diagram of the centre-out joystick task with a timeline of the task periods for movement and reward. The orange patch on the NHP’s head represents the location of the WAND device and headstage implant. b, Representative LFP recordings from three channels during the centre-out task. c, Trial-averaged (n = 400) beta (13–22 Hz) and high-gamma (70–200 Hz) power aligned to the go cue during the centre-out task. Lines represent means, while shaded areas represent s.e.m. d, Beta power aligned to the go cue. Each row represents activity from a single trial. Trials are organized by the time to target hold following the go cue. https://scispace.com/papers/a-year-of-online-classes-amid-covid-19-pandemic-advantages-18a6c3xf0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-problems-of-online-class-352oprpp.png Table 2: Problems of Online Class https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-suggestions-for-improvement-gz5fm5aq.png Table 3: Suggestions for Improvement https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-advantages-of-online-class-1rx94i39.png Table 1: Advantages of Online Class https://scispace.com/papers/a-zero-cost-real-time-windows-signal-laboratory-1z87w99u3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-frequency-modulated-fm-waveform-as-generated-by-y4r7bjz3.png Figure 5: A frequency modulated (FM) waveform, as generated by the internal synthesizer. Again, the modulation parameters are easily controlled, and the classic sideband pattern is visible in the frequency display. Since the parameters may be adjusted dynamically, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-main-and-only-screen-of-win-elab-both-the-time-1aupw0zi.png Figure 1: The main – and only – screen of Win-eLab. Both the time display (left) and spectral analysis display (right) are visible, with the signal generator control panel below. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-amplitude-modulated-am-waveform-as-generated-by-3gr0f407.png Figure 4: An amplitude modulated (AM) waveform, as generated by the internal synthesizer. The modulation parameters are easily controlled, and the classic “envelope” is visible in the time display. The frequency display shows the carrier and sidebands present. All https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-simple-sine-wave-generated-by-the-frequency-3kwd97pw.png Figure 2: A simple sine wave generated by the frequency synthesizer (lower panel), and shown in the time and frequency domains. The 400Hz waveform is audible through the PC’s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sawtooth-waveform-generated-by-the-internal-3dngcyfi.png Figure 3: A sawtooth waveform generated by the internal synthesizer, and its time-domain display (left). The harmonics present are clearly shown in the spectrum display on the right. The waveform is audible through the PC’s speakers. https://scispace.com/papers/a3me-an-agent-based-middleware-approach-for-mixed-mode-4t8xh6e8up 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a3me-diagram-2v5zwqhd.png Figure 2. A3ME Diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fipa-acl-message-structure-3p3rf6qg.png Table 1. FIPA ACL Message structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-network-nodes-as-device-agents-ppsy5l90.png Figure 1. Network nodes as device agents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fipa-communicative-acts-1zech8lh.png Table 2. FIPA Communicative Acts https://scispace.com/papers/ab-initio-self-consistent-gorkov-green-s-function-5g6u3j7zqa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-one-neutron-addition-and-removal-spectral-293j4ylg.png FIG. 8. (Color online) One-neutron addition and removal spectral strength distribution in 40Ti limited to J = 1/2+ final states in 39,41Ti. The distribution, discretized in the calculation, is convoluted with Lorentzian curves of 5 MeV width for display purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-density-of-j-1-2-states-in-41ti-as-a-16s7uuua.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Density of J = 1/2+ states in 41Ti as a function of their excitation energy with respect to the Fermi level μn of 40Ti, for increasing N . The distribution, discretized in the calculation, is convoluted with Lorentzian curves of 5 MeV width for display purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-selected-neutron-and-proton-effective-zsy2gep3.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Selected neutron and proton effective single-particle energies in 40Ti as a function of the number of Lanczos iterations per pivot N . Results are displayed relative to the values obtained for N = 100. Calculations are performed in an Nmax = 13 model space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-fishbone-like-structure-of-the-lanczos-399u2b6i.png FIG. 13. (Color online) Fishbone-like structure of the Lanczos reduced matrix E′. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-cpu-time-spent-performing-specific-2qag7ell.png FIG. 2. (Color online) CPU time spent performing specific operations during a typical sc0 calculation as a function of Nmax and for different values of N . The contribution of the various partial waves α are added. Left panel: time needed to calculate the self-energies and project them to Krylov’s subspace (points 1 and 2 of Sec. III D). Right panel: time required to diagonalize Gorkov’s matrix over 100 sc0 iterations (point 3 of Sec. III D). Dashed lines show scalings of the type (Nmax)γ , with γ =6 (left panel) and 3 (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-relative-error-in-the-total-binding-wa3ypubd.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Relative error in the total binding energy of 44Ca after one second-order iteration as a function of K ′ (see text) for two different model-space sizes. The Coulomb interaction has been neglected in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dimension-scheme-for-the-gorkov-matrix-3kqp0k7q.png FIG. 1. Dimension scheme for the Gorkov matrix . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-convergence-of-the-sc0-binding-energy-of-2j6y84ju.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Convergence of the (sc0) binding energy of 44Ca as a function of N , for different model spaces. The Coulomb interaction has been neglected in this figure. https://scispace.com/papers/ab-initio-calculation-of-electron-impact-ionization-cross-4mrlrhkskg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-orbital-kinetic-energies-in-ev-as-calculated-by-k99a49qn.png TABLE I. The orbital kinetic energies in [eV] as calculated by XATOM for all systems considered and used for the calculation of the BEB cross sections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-contour-plot-depicting-the-doubly-differential-30nq87p2.png FIG. 1. A contour plot depicting the doubly differential electron-impact-ionization cross section [Mb eV−1 deg−1] of a double core-hole C2+ ion, on a log10 scale. The incident energy of the electron is 1 keV. The x axis shows the scattering angle θ from 0 ◦ to 60◦, and the y axis shows the energy of the scattered electron Eout from 800 to 1000 eV. The DCSθ is plotted in blue and has units of Mb deg−1. The DCSE is plotted in red and has units of Mb eV−1. The white area on the top indicates the region of zero cross section below the 2p edge (50.7 eV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-electron-impact-ionization-cross-section-as-a-3q2mnffl.png FIG. 2. Total electron-impact-ionization cross section as a function of incoming electron energy in eV for C+ with (a) one valence hole (2p−1) and (b) one core hole (1s−1). The XATOM label denotes the present ab initio calculations, in comparison with the BEB method [46] and the Lotz method [45]. For the ground-state C+ ion, the predictions are also compared with experimental data (Aitken et al., 1971 [64], Lennon et al., 1988 [62], and Suno and Kato, 2006 [63]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-electron-impact-ionization-cross-section-as-a-1brx25kh.png FIG. 4. Total electron-impact-ionization cross section as a function of incoming electron energy in eV for S8+ with (a) eight outer holes (2p−2 3s−2 3p−4) and (b) eight inner holes (1s−2 2s−2 2p−4). For the ground-state configuration (a), the experimental data set from [62] is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-electron-impact-ionization-cross-section-as-a-1o9pkgqb.png FIG. 3. Total electron-impact-ionization cross section as a function of incoming electron energy in eV for C2+ with (a) two valence holes (2p−2) and (b) two core holes (1s−2). For the ground-state configuration (a), three experimental data sets (Woodruff et al., 1978 [65], Lennon et al., 1988 [62], and Suno and Kato, 2006 [63]) are compared with theory predictions. https://scispace.com/papers/abnormal-solvent-effects-on-hydrogen-atom-abstractions-1-the-4ris6mra3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bimolecular-rate-constants-karoh-dpph-s-at-ambient-vzp81g2d.png TABLE 4. Bimolecular Rate Constants (kArOH/dpph• s ) at Ambient Temperatures for the Reaction of 2,6-But2-4-Me-phenol and 2,6-But2-4-CN-phenol with dpph• in Methanol Containing Various Concentrations (C) of Acetic Acid https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bimolecular-rate-constants-m-1-s-1-for-h-atom-2nw5agmf.png TABLE 3. Bimolecular Rate Constants (M-1 s-1) for H-Atom Abstraction from 13 Phenols by dpph• Radicals in n-Heptane, Methanol, Ethanol, 2-Propanol, tert-Pentanol (2-Methylbutan-2-ol), and Acidified Methanol at Ambient Temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-of-the-logarithm-of-the-bimolecular-rate-1swirf8d.png FIGURE 2. Plots of the logarithm of the bimolecular rate constant for reaction of dpph• with 2,6-But2-4-Me-phenol (a) and 2,6-But2-4-CN-phenol (b) at ambient temperature in methanol vs added acetic acid concentration. The inset in panel b shows the dependence for the concentration range 0-10 mM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-equilibrium-constants-karoh-s-s-m-1-for-hydrogen-1f9iwe1d.png TABLE 2. Equilibrium Constants (KArOH/S s /M-1) for Hydrogen Bond Formation between 2,6-But2-4-Me-phenol and Four Solvents Measured by IR and One Solvent Measured by 1H NMR and the Corresponding Calculated Values of r2 H a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bimolecular-rate-constants-m-1-s-1-for-h-atom-3o7kkc3l.png TABLE 1. Bimolecular Rate Constants (M-1 s-1) for H-atom Abstraction from Thirteen Phenols by dpph• Radicals in Five Nonalcoholic Solvents at Ambient Temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-logarithms-of-the-rate-constants-for-hydrogen-atom-a3tp3nsn.png FIGURE 1. Logarithms of the rate constants for hydrogen atom abstraction from phenols by the dpph• radical: (a) 2,6-But2phenol, (b) 2,6-But2-4-Me-phenol, (c) 2,4,6-Me3-phenol, and (d) 4-MeO-phenol. Nonalcoholic solvents are given as filled circles: n-heptane (1), di-n-butyl ether (2), acetonitrile (3), THF (4), and DMSO (5). Open circles denote alcoholic solvents: 2,2,2- trifluoroethanol (6), methanol, (7) and ethanol (8). Acidified (10 mM acetic acid) alcohols are shown as asterisks: methanol (left) and ethanol (right). Straight lines were constructed by using data for the five nonalcoholic solvents only. (2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol has a much lower nucleophilicity and â2 H value than other alcohols. It was used as a solvent only with the four phenols shown in this figure.) https://scispace.com/papers/about-an-inverse-problem-for-a-free-boundary-compressible-4rw76yug6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-17ycm1og.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1wcukgh8.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometry-of-a-cylindrical-journal-bearing-ydlc2d3g.png Figure 1: Geometry of a cylindrical journal bearing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2v9c7nqh.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1rfh4rki.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/absence-asymmetry-the-evolution-of-monorchid-beetles-insecta-42bo2c4nbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-male-reproductive-structures-in-harpalini-taxa-a-z3mx4239.png Fig. 3. Male reproductive structures in Harpalini taxa. A: Bradycellus ruprestris. B: Lecanomerus niger. C: Selenophorus sp from Ecuador. ag, accessory gland; vd, vas deferens; ml, median lobe of aedeagus; ep, epididymis; ed, ejaculatory duct; t, testis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-generalized-drawings-of-carabid-male-accessory-gland-4rdfl7go.png Fig. 2. Generalized drawings of carabid male accessory gland types. A:Mirror-recurved. B: Sinuate. C: Simple.D: Elongate tip. Arrow insets of A and B show the folding path of the gland type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-phylogeny-of-carabids-relevant-to-the-evolution-of-f3f17ej3.png Fig. 7. Phylogeny of carabids relevant to the evolution of monorchy; see text for references supporting the phylogenetic structure. : males possess two testes; - : males possess only a right testis; -: males possess only a left testis; ? : males possess a larger right and smaller left testis. Stars indicate proposed locations of origin of monorchy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-male-reproductive-structures-in-scaritini-taxa-a-30ov4epz.png Fig. 4. Male reproductive structures in Scaritini taxa. A: Pasimachus californicus, left accessory gland and testis removed. B: Scarites subterraneus. ag, accessory gland; ml, median lobe of aedeagus; ed, ejaculatory duct; t, testis; vs, vesicula seminalis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-carabid-testes-a-omoglymmius-sp-rhysodini-and-b-2eq80y1a.png Fig. 5. Carabid testes. A: Omoglymmius sp. (Rhysodini) and B: Scarites subterraneus (Scaritini). vs, vesicula seminalis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2w76o5e0.png TABLE 1. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxon-list-for-monochid-tribes-and-carabid-beetle-1l863gse.png TABLE 1. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-33s16xu5.png TABLE 1. (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/absorbed-in-the-moment-an-investigation-of-procrastination-2gjcvx42bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-mediation-model-2bkzibb3.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for the Mediation Model Variables for Study 1 (S1) and Study 2 (S2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indirect-effects-of-procrastination-pro-on-22pugdge.png Table 2 Indirect Effects of Procrastination (PRO) on Absorption (ABS) Through Anxiety (ANX), Panel A, and on Cognitive Failures (CF)Through Absorption, Panel B. https://scispace.com/papers/absentee-voting-mobilization-and-participation-xp3r5aylxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-likelihood-of-voting-at-polling-place-and-voting-v2injojh.png TABLE 1 Likelihood of Voting at Polling Place and Voting Absentee Using Pooled NESa (1990-1998)—Logistic Regression Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-potential-impact-of-voting-at-polling-place-and-33611v5u.png TABLE 2 Potential Impact of Voting at Polling Place and Voting Absentee https://scispace.com/papers/absence-from-work-due-to-occupational-and-non-occupational-5f79b3luwp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-absence-from-work-per-accident-in-average-by-1otgpmsz.png Table 4. Absence from work per accident in average, by accident type and absence category. Days, mean (95% confidence interval) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-total-absence-from-work-related-to-the-type-of-1q34zmnk.png Table 5. Total absence from work related to the type of injury, cause of accident, and absence categories. Days, mean, 95% confidence interval, and number of interviewed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-absence-categories-and-the-31ebpxvm.png Table 1 Description of the absence categories and the contents of each category https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-representativeness-of-hospital-catchment-areas-2008-38phpvfd.png Table 2. Representativeness of hospital catchment areas, 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-interviewed-by-absence-category-and-accident-3oqjfitp.png Table 3. Number interviewed by absence category and accident type https://scispace.com/papers/absorption-modeling-with-fmm-fem-and-fdt-4rhruhkg5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-absorptance-modeling-with-fmm-and-fem-of-gaas-nws-of-3acslc4o.png Fig. 2. (a) Absorptance modeling with FMM and FEM of GaAs NWs of D = 160 nm, L = 2000 nm, and P = 400 nm at λ = 600 nm. (b) Same as (a) but for absorption in a region of 80 nm in diameter closest to the axis of the nanowires. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-gaas-nanowires-of-diameter-d-and-length-l-in-a-1u6z5mxx.png Fig. 1. (a) GaAs nanowires of diameter D and length L in a square array of period P. (b) Modeled absorptance with FMM, FEM, and FDTD of GaAs NWs of D = 160 nm, L = 2000 nm and P = 400 nm at λ = 600 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/absorption-spectra-of-alkali-c60nanoclusters-27reisrew0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-energies-in-ev-of-lowest-energy-isomers-at-1fdzaea4.png Table 1. Relative energies (in eV) of lowest-energy isomers at B3LYP level (taken from Ref [24, 25]) and calculated vertical ionization potential (IP) at CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. https://scispace.com/papers/abstractions-for-network-update-3dox41dgf6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-network-model-a-syntax-and-b-semantics-2sfs7adl.png Figure 2: The network model: (a) syntax and (b) semantics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-access-control-example-1pe40y5h.png Figure 1: Access control example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-results-3r022zl1.png Table 2: Experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-changes-to-network-configuration-and-the-3j1u9yb7.png Table 1: Example changes to network configuration, and the desired update properties. https://scispace.com/papers/academic-engagement-with-industry-the-role-of-research-2ywuqbbbbe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-robustness-check-ols-regressions-hp-2a-and-2b-dep-1h9pkyba.png Table 9 Robustness check: OLS regressions Hp 2a and 2b. Dep. Var.: IndFundGrant https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-robustness-check-ols-regressions-hp-1a-1b-2a-2b-3q61lwgg.png Table 10 Robustness check: OLS regressions Hp 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b. Quality measure: TopQualNew https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-independent-variables-experience-in-u-i-vetwwnkm.png Table 5 Independent variables: experience in U–I collaboration across quality levels and scientific disciplines of academic departments (N = 280) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-continued-34oezygy.png Table 7 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-predictive-margins-of-interaction-terms-in-table-6-a-uwwsifnq.png Fig. 1 Predictive margins of interaction terms in Table 6: a Basic*TopQual [Col. (2)]. b Applied*TopQual [Col. (3)]. c Basic*QualLevel [Col. (4)]. d Applied*QualLevel [Col. (5)] (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-predictive-margins-of-interaction-terms-in-table-7-a-3ak1xe73.png Fig. 2 Predictive margins of interaction terms in Table  7: a Experience*TopQual for Basic sciences departments [Col. (1)]. b Experience*TopQual for Applied sciences departments [Col. (2)]. c Experience*QualLevel for Basic sciences departments [Col. (3)]. d Experience*QualLevel for Applied sciences departments [Col. (4)] (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-continued-27egndxy.png Table 13 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-independent-variable-quality-profiles-of-academic-34zcwrw6.png Table 2 Independent variable: quality profiles of academic departments (N = 280) https://scispace.com/papers/accelerating-a-climate-physics-model-with-opencl-3ygoysnd1p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-code-structure-of-the-solar-radiation-model-3rwcvfub.png Fig. 1. The code structure of the solar radiation model component. The same routine structure was mapped to OpenCL kernels in the parallel version. One routine was mapped to multiple kernels in some cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-gain-comparison-achieved-for-the-first-two-2eniq4qg.png Fig. 4. Performance gain comparison achieved for the first two sections of the code on the Mac OS X. CPU Processor : Intel 2.66 GHz Core 2 Duo https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-timing-results-for-30-executions-of-cldflx-subroutine-3k9dogty.png Fig. 5. Timing results for 30 executions of cldflx() subroutine with a single kernel and 4-kernel split implementation on the IBM JS22. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-gain-comparison-per-section-of-the-code-aziffu8c.png Fig. 3. Performance gain comparison per section of the code for IBM JS21 and IBM JS22 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-speedup-achieved-per-processor-core-using-the-oypd8uza.png Fig. 2. Total speedup achieved per processor core using the OpenCL parallel implementation compared to the serial C version on CPU architectures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-timing-results-for-serial-code-compiled-on-js21-gcc-k0rgrt0f.png Fig. 6. Timing results for serial code compiled on JS21-GCC, JS22GCC, Mac OS X-GCC,ICC and POWER6 AIX-GCC,IBM XLC https://scispace.com/papers/accelerating-human-in-the-loop-machine-learning-challenges-4egx2ekszl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-run-time-breakdown-by-workflow-component-and-p58r4uyf.png Figure 6.2: Run time breakdown by workflow component and materialization time per iteration for Helix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-helix-system-architecture-a-program-written-by-183umyr0.png Figure 2.2: Helix System architecture. A program written by the user in the Helix DSL, known as a Workflow, is first compiled into an intermediate DAG representation, which is optimized to produce a physical plan to be run by the execution engine. At runtime, the execution engine selectively materializes intermediate results to disk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-peak-and-average-memory-for-helix-2ekybytl.png Figure 6.6: Peak and average memory for Helix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-transforming-a-workflow-dag-to-a-set-of-projects-111f7y04.png Figure 5.1: Transforming a Workflow DAG to a set of projects and dependencies. Checkmarks (X) in the RHS DAG indicate a feasible solution to PSP, which maps onto the node states (Sp, Sc, Sl) in the LHS DAG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-omp-dag-for-knapsack-reduction-33y07qe6.png Figure 5.2: OMP DAG for Knapsack reduction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-example-workflow-for-predicting-income-from-jzfhotmg.png Figure 2.4: Example workflow for predicting income from census data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-summary-of-workflow-characteristics-and-support-by-s30yrel5.png Table 6.1: Summary of workflow characteristics and support by the systems compared. Grayed out cells indicate that the system in the row does not support the workflow in the column. X∗ indicates that the implementation is by the original developers of DeepDive/KeystoneML. “Class.” is short for classification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-cumulative-run-time-for-the-four-workflows-the-20wtrsxg.png Figure 6.1: Cumulative run time for the four workflows. The color under the curve indicates the type of change in each iteration: purple for DPR, orange for L/I, and green for PPR. https://scispace.com/papers/accelerating-design-space-exploration-using-pareto-front-5c4mp9bw2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-specification-f9d9tyqz.png Fig. 3. Sample Specification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-implementation-of-an-mpeg4-coder-all-vertices-and-1c14znjb.png Fig. 1. Implementation of an MPEG4 coder. All vertices and edges drawn solid describe an allocation. The binding is given by the dashed edges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-complete-functional-specification-of-the-mpeg4-coding-1ue5rg2a.png Fig. 2. Complete functional specification of the MPEG4 coding layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-pareto-front-arithmetics-operations-a-union-b-3dbede4w.png Fig. 4. Example Pareto-Front Arithmetics operations (a) union, (b) maximum, and (c) addition of objectives of Pareto-points. https://scispace.com/papers/accelerators-for-heavy-ion-fusion-2cqmsjfivi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-reasonable-goal-for-fusion-energy-production-in-2uk1og32.png Figure 1: A reasonable goal for fusion energy production in terms of cost of plant and cost of electricity is indicated above. Our current position is also indicated. A sensible fusion energy https://scispace.com/papers/acceleration-using-total-internal-reflection-2566jjiwyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-field-orientation-near-the-boundary-for-e-1-0-17fv9we5.png Fig. 3 Field orientation near the boundary for E^1 = 0 polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimal-accelerating-forces-1-km5z4izm.png Table 1 Optimal Accelerating Forces 1 https://scispace.com/papers/accelerometer-placement-for-posture-recognition-and-fall-25tl21l7eo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confusion-matrix-for-the-waist-accelerometer-lying-2xx10fx1.png TABLE 2: CONFUSION MATRIX FOR THE WAIST ACCELEROMETER. LYING (LY), SITTING (SIT), STANDING (STA), ON ALL FOURS (ON4), SITTING ON THE GROUND (SITG), GOING DOWN (GD), STANDING UP (SU) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-posture-recognition-accuracy-using-1t3y6696.png TABLE 3: COMPARISON OF POSTURE RECOGNITION ACCURACY USING DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ACCELEROMETERS (1, 2, 3 OR 4) PLACED ON THE CHEST (C), WAIST (W), ANKLE RIGHT (AR) AND THIGH RIGHT (TR) AND USING 4 LOCATION TAGS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-architecture-eigb361h.png Figure 1: System Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fall-detection-accuracy-of-the-accelerometer-based-2yerqobo.png TABLE 4: FALL DETECTION ACCURACY OF THE ACCELEROMETER-BASED METHODS: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-acceleration-pattern-during-a-fall-2gc0nmz4.png Figure 2: Acceleration pattern during a fall. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-events-sequence-in-the-test-scenario-2tzbv5r0.png TABLE 1: EVENTS SEQUENCE IN THE TEST SCENARIO. https://scispace.com/papers/acceptance-of-iwbs-instruction-and-concomitant-behavior-14jb0n4k0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-path-analysis-2kkm4e0w.png TABLE 2. Results of Path Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-size-of-latent-variables-12lmp186.png TABLE 3. The effect size of latent variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-taxonomy-of-srl-moderating-effect-piqsvwif.png TABLE 5. Taxonomy of SRL moderating effect https://scispace.com/papers/access-relative-to-need-for-community-conservation-funding-p5ghqua3bf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-showing-the-spatial-distribution-of-community-ke329jih.png Figure 2: Map showing the spatial distribution of Community Heritage Grants by ASGS Remoteness Area (1994–2017) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spatial-distribution-of-community-heritage-grant-3nlie64d.png Table 4: Spatial distribution of Community Heritage Grant projects for Indigenous organisations and projects (1994–2017) https://scispace.com/papers/accessing-provincial-energy-efficiencies-in-china-s-2wg7dnxv14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-model-estimations-1p77tquh.png Table 1 Final model estimations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-energy-efficiency-saving-potential-in-different-3npk1o63.png Table 4 The energy efficiency & saving-potential in different regions (2007-2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-classification-of-29-provinces-in-china-26y4qn5x.png Table 3 Classification of 29 provinces in China https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-saving-potential-in-different-regions-1d2ztm26.png Figure 2 Energy saving potential in different regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-provincial-energy-efficiency-in-transport-industry-3ovo796g.png Table 2 Provincial energy efficiency in transport industry over 2007-2016 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-on-energy-efficiency-in-different-areas-106rml9r.png Figure 1 Comparison on energy efficiency in different areas of China https://scispace.com/papers/accountants-proactivity-in-intra-organisational-networks-a-b87zfj506p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cfos-main-internal-communication-networks-2slvuuo5.png Figure 1: CFOs’ main internal communication networks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participant-and-organisational-details-kx7o8lex.png Table 3: Participant and organisational details https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stones-concepts-from-the-quadripartite-nature-of-36a03y3l.png Table 2: Stones’ concepts from the quadripartite nature of structuration (compiled from Stones, 2005, pp. 84-85) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cfos-roles-and-related-internal-relationships-2bmfayjk.png Table 1: CFOs’ Roles and Related Internal Relationships (compiled from Ernst and Young, 2013, pp. 16-17) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fcs-main-internal-communication-networks-2fnbunos.png Figure 2: FCs’ main internal communication networks https://scispace.com/papers/accounting-for-collective-action-resource-acquisition-and-47r14qhunp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3po97ps4.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-distribution-of-off-balance-sheet-support-for-287k3ub2.png Table 8: The Distribution of Off-balance Sheet Support for Unions, 1984-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2d7c6lnp.png Table 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-17ohvdfc.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2wiixtks.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-union-structure-and-financial-performance-all-unions-22ntavcn.png Table 1 Union Structure and Financial Performance: All Unions 1990-2004 https://scispace.com/papers/accounting-conservatism-and-the-temporal-trends-in-current-2ti075z3s3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-selection-and-descriptive-statistics-336mke8d.png Table 1 Sample Selection and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trends-in-fcfo-and-fe-this-figure-plots-the-xycs0xjq.png Figure 1: Trends in FCFO and FE. This figure plots the trailing 5-year moving average in the incremental ability of current earnings to predict next year’s operating cash flows (FCFO, Panel a) and the incremental ability of current earnings to predict next year’s earnings (FE, Panel b) beyond cash flow from operations. The dark solid (dashed) line is full (constant) sample, and the corresponding gray lines show their trends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-analysis-of-the-trade-off-2jhopocj.png Table 4 Frequency Analysis of the Trade-off https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trends-in-earnings-ability-to-explain-stock-prices-1twpzjfy.png Figure 2: Trends in Earnings’ Ability to Explain Stock Prices (EU). This figure plots the trailing 5-year moving average in the incremental ability of current earnings to explain contemporary stock prices beyond book values of our full sample (97,332 firm-year observations, dark solid line), constant sample (13,750 firm-year observations, dashed solid line), and non-survivor sample (84,219 firm-year observations, dotted solid line). The corresponding gray lines show their trends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trends-in-earnings-attributes-1fm2gclf.png Table 3 Trends in Earnings Attributes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-2sbefzbv.png Table 2 Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Matrix (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trends-in-accounting-conservatism-csv-2-this-figure-2bru14tv.png Figure 3: Trends in Accounting Conservatism (CSV 2). This figure plots the trailing 5-year moving average in CSV 2 (the conservatism index) of our full sample (dark solid line) and constant sample (dashed solid line). The corresponding gray lines show their trends. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-using-theils-u-as-alternative-relevance-and-1pvvrsyb.png Table 7 Results using Theil’s U as Alternative Relevance and Reliability Measures https://scispace.com/papers/accuracy-assessment-of-aqua-modis-aerosol-optical-depth-over-384op40jjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-scatter-plot-of-quality-flag-filtered-modis-ocean-d31m4es6.png Figure 8. (A) Scatter plot of quality flag filtered MODIS Ocean AOD bias against the 2 m wind speed from MERRA, (B) the frequency of coastal wind speeds, (C) same as (A) but for the bias of MODIS AOD after 70% cloud fraction filter, (D) scatter plot of the wind speed and cloud fraction pairs for each retrieval. The analysis is for all coastal sites (62 AERONET sites) and for the years 2002-2011. R is the Pearson linear correlation coefficient, N is the number of retrievals and Y is the regression equation. In (B), the right vertical axis is the cumulative density function for the coastal wind speeds (represented by the black curve). In (A) and (C) red is MODIS bias binned to 1 m s -1 intervals along with regression and correlation corresponding to those bins, and the blue dotted line is a reference to 0 MODIS bias. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-map-of-the-location-of-all-coastal-aeronet-sites-2z0gfnar.png Figure 4. (A) Map of the location of all coastal AERONET sites; (B)-(E) show the maps of MODIS AOD bias (with respect to AERONET AOD) at each coastal AERONET site respectively for: (B) MODIS Land AOD product filtered with quality flag, (C) MODIS Ocean AOD product filtered with quality flag; (D) MODIS Land_And_Ocean AOD product without any quality filtering; (E) MODIS Land_And_Ocean aerosol product after using the method described in the Section 4 for quality filtering. Bias calculations are based on ~9 years (2002-2011) of collocated Aqua-MODIS and AERONET AOD data. Blue indicates MODIS underestimation of AOD (e.g., negative bias) and red is overestimation (positive bias). The area of the circles is proportional to bias magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aqua-modis-ocean-algorithm-aod-bias-with-respect-to-prqex75q.png Table 2. Aqua-MODIS Ocean algorithm AOD bias with respect to AERONET AOD for both coastal and open ocean sites. The bias is listed for three categories on how MODIS AOD is used in the evaluation. The first is filtering of data with quality control flag; the second builds upon the first but also removes MODIS AOD data with cloud fraction larger than 80%; the third is the same as second except the threshold for cloud fraction is now decreased to 70%. The number of AOD retrievals used in the different analyses (last row in Table 2) is also shown to display the reduction in data size associated with each category. In each category, bias is further analyzed in terms of low AOD conditions (AOD < 0.25) and high AOD conditions. In addition, the relative percent change of bias due to the filtering of data with cloud fraction is shown in in parentheses, negative percentages indicate an increase in bias. See text for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-frequency-distribution-of-a-aeronet-aod-over-2o37b0ui.png Figure 9. Frequency distribution of (A) AERONET AOD over coastal regions that have an Aqua-MODIS Ocean algorithm collocated retrieval, (B) AOD from Aqua-MODIS Ocean algorithm after cloud fraction filtering (70%) and wind speed bias correction, (C) AOD from Aqua-MODIS Ocean algorithm after cloud fraction and quality flag filtering only. (D) Cumulative density functions (CDF) derived from the frequency distributions respectively in (A)-(C), along with their respective maximum difference (∆max) from the AERONET CDF. Quality flag filtering is applied for all algorithms and the AquaMODIS data span 2002-2011. The critical values and K-S test from panel (D) are described in Section 3.3.3 and Section 5 in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-taylor-diagram-comparing-2002-2011-quality-flag-32zajdpa.png Figure 5. Taylor diagram comparing 2002-2011 quality flag filtered MODIS AOD retrievals and AERONET AOD observations. The MODIS Ocean, Land, Land_And_Ocean, and empirically corrected Ocean products are represented by dark blue, red, green, and light blue respectively. Coastal MODIS AOD retrievals are listed with a 1 and Non-Coastal AODs are shown with a 2. The arrow represents the effect of the empirical correction on the MODIS Ocean product. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aqua-modis-aod-mean-bias-over-the-full-data-record-1ruabpw2.png Table 1. Aqua-MODIS AOD mean bias over the full data record (2002-2010) for all AERONET coastal stations. 62 coastal AERONET sites were identified and the results are an average of all the sites. Each of the MODIS aerosol algorithms are shown with the recommended quality control except for the Land_And_Ocean product which is shown without any quality control (default MODIS product) and the results of our quality control technique. Bias results are separated into Low AOD and High AOD events as classified by AERONET measurements with the cutoff at 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cumulative-density-functions-cdf-of-aod-derived-31nygdn9.png Figure 6. Cumulative density functions (CDF) of AOD derived from AERONET (black), and corresponding paired MODIS AODs respective derived from MODIS Land (red), Ocean (blue), and Land_And_Ocean (green) products after filtering with quality flag. These CDFs are based upon the log-normal distributions with parameters shown in Figure 2. Maximum differences (∆max) between the AERONET CDF and Aqua-MODIS CDFs are shown by two dashed lines in their respective colors. Data are from AquaMODIS from 2002-2011 over coastal regions. Critical values described in Section 3.3.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-of-coastal-aod-left-vertical-axis-and-pl4ewncx.png Figure 1. Frequency of coastal AOD (left vertical axis) and relative frequency of AOD (right vertical axis) at AERONET sites over the ~9 year period from 2002-2011. Plots are derived from AOD data at 62 coastal AERONET sites and collocated Aqua-MODIS retrievals over these sites. µ is the log-normal location parameter and σ is the log-normal scale parameter, mean is the average AOD over the whole time period. Quality assured and quality flag filtered frequencies of AOD from (A) AERONET, (B) Land_And_Ocean product, (C) AERONET AODs paired with only the MODIS Land algorithm, (D) Land algorithm, (E) AERONET AODs paired with only the MODIS Ocean algorithm, and (F) Ocean algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/accuracy-of-premium-calculation-models-for-cat-bonds-an-g57hxb6jw2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cat-bond-transaction-2lfbm7r6.png Figure 1: CAT Bond Transaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-results-reduced-data-set-pipdpx6y.png Table 1: Empirical Results – Reduced Data Set https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-empirical-results-complete-data-set-d18qcq4b.png Table 2: Empirical Results – Complete Data Set https://scispace.com/papers/accuracy-of-equivalent-roughness-height-formulas-in-1jga60o4fi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prediction-of-the-equivalent-roughness-height-within-1g593ijh.png Table 1: Prediction of the equivalent roughness height within a factor of 2 and 5 of the measured values together with a logarithmic error index, and the mean value and standard deviation of the ratio r = ks,pred/ks,expe for the studied formulas (R. & R.: Rickenmann & Recking) and all data, and data where (ks/d50)expe > 10 (influence of the iterative method on the results). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prediction-of-total-shields-parameter-within-a-37tdytqf.png Table 2: Prediction of total Shields parameter within a factor of 1.2 and 2 of the measured values together with a logarithmic error index, and the mean value and standard deviation of the ratio r = θpred/θexpe for the studied formulas (and the skin Shields parameter, as well as the Rickenmann & Recking formula) and all data. https://scispace.com/papers/acoustic-and-visual-display-of-photons-a-handheld-34lld56tu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oscilloscope-traces-of-the-pm-ttl-and-discriminator-1dd0krvn.png Figure 2. Oscilloscope traces of the PM, TTL and discriminator level signals: (a) single PM pulse; (b), (c) typical pulse trains recorded during 0.5 and 5ms, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/acoustic-array-biochip-combined-with-allele-specific-pcr-for-3jigvh58e5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-real-time-acoustic-detection-of-the-braf-v600e-38wjt8w9.png Figure 3. (A) Real time acoustic detection of the BRAF V600E mutation together with a control sample (104 wt DNAs) with the 150 MHz acoustic biochip array; (B) As in (A)for the KRAS G12D; (C) Recorded acoustic values (saturation) during the detection of the BRAF V600E mixed with wt DNA in a range from 0% to 10% using the 150 MHz array; (D) As in (C) for the KRAS G12D. The inset shows the linear curve relationship (R2= 0.95) of the obtained ΔD values when plotted vs the number of mt molecules in logarithmic scale; (E) and (F) as in (C) and (D) for the 35 MHz QCM device. The 0.00% corresponds to the control (104 wt molecules). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-patients-ffpe-samples-with-as-pcr-b7xp7y4t.png Table 1. Analysis of patients’ FFPE samples with AS-PCR/acoustic methodology, Sanger sequencing and ddPCR. Light and dark grey columns correspond to BRAF and KRAS samples, respectively. MEL-Melanoma; L-Lung; CRC-Colorectal; MAFMutant Allele Frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-concept-of-the-as-pcr-ec734x6p.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the concept of the AS-PCR (A) and acoustic detection (B) for the BRAF V600E pointmutation. (C) The acoustic array consists of 24 HFF-QCM sensors arranged in 6 lines of 4 sensors; (D) The PDMS flow cell alone and (E) integrated with the array/PCB board; (F) Schematic representation of the liquid flow along the 6 lines and over the 4 sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-patients-plasma-samples-with-ddpcr-and-1266xkrv.png Table 2. Analysis of patients’ plasma samples with ddPCR and AS-PCR/acoustic detection. Light and dark grey columns correspond to BRAF and KRAS samples, respectively. MEL-Melanoma; L-Lung; CRC-Colorectal; MAF-Mutant Allele Frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-dd-a-and-df-values-b-of-nav-and-b-bsa-31d44ssp.png Figure 2. Comparison of ΔD (A) and ΔF values (Β) of NAv and b-BSA adsorption as well as NAv binding to pre-adsorbed b-BSA on the 150 MHz and 35 MHz sensors; (C) Acoustic ratio (ΔD/ΔF) as a function of the length of b-DNA attached on a NAv-modified surface; (C) Table of ΔD values at saturation during the binding of DNA (83 & 500 nM) followed by the addition of liposomes (200 nm). https://scispace.com/papers/acoustic-pressure-pulses-from-laser-irradiated-suspensions-35v3pp26ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-illustration-of-the-experimental-setup-bs-beam-2o40ihxx.png Fig. 1. (a) Illustration of the experimental setup. BS: beam splitter, PD: photo-diode. For more details, see the text. (b) Schematic representation of the monodispersed particle suspension before/after laser irradiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-normalized-intensity-of-a-laser-beam-with-a-znl05bei.png Fig. 2. (a) The normalized intensity of a laser beam with a triangular pulse of FWHM tL = 0.8 ns, as a function of time t. (b) The total thermal energy produced by a laser-irradiated 8-nm gold sphere [etot,0(t), solid line], the thermal energy inside the nanosphere [ep,0(t), long dashed line], and the thermal energy of its surrounding water medium [em,0(t), short dashed line], as a function of time t at 20 °C. Every energy ei,0(t) (i = tot, p, m) was normalized by e0 absF0, which represents the optical power deposition per nanosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-signal-amplitudes-observed-from-a-laser-irradiated-3lcnzw9e.png Fig. 3. Signal amplitudes observed from a laser-irradiated aqueous suspension of 8-nm gold nanospheres at 20°C, as a function of time for different cuvettes: the light pass length of L = 0.92, 4.2, and 10.0 mm. The gold suspension of the number concentration of 5.70 10 12 spheres/mL was used for these three cuvettes. The signals for L = 0.92 and 10.0 mm are shifted from the original data by +0.2 and 0.2 V, respectively. The arrows indicate two isolated spikes observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-spatial-distribution-of-the-temperature-rise-t-r-t-156yoogz.png Fig. 5. The spatial distribution of the temperature rise, T(r,t), around a 8-nm gold nanosphere at 20 °C in the absence of laser attenuation. The solid and the dashed lines correspond to the distributions at t = 1.60 ns (=2tL, immediately after the laser irradiation) and t = 0.85 ns (the time when the temperature of the gold nanosphere became maximal), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-properties-of-gold-particle-and-water-3u91cm57.png Table 1 Physical properties of gold (particle) and water (medium) at ambient conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-peak-values-of-the-acoustic-signals-observed-from-2sjbb7mk.png Fig. 4. The peak values of the acoustic signals observed from a laser-irradiated aqueous suspension of 8-nm gold nanospheres in the cuvette of L = 0.92 mm, as a function of the absorbance of the suspension A509 for different temperatures of 4 °C (squares) and 20 °C (circles). The suspension before enrichment (the number concentration 5.70 10 12 spheres/mL) exhibited A509 = 0.0723. The peak signals are attributable to the acoustic pressures close to the laser-passing inner walls of the cuvette at Z = 0 (filled symbols) and at Z = L (open symbols). The thick, gray-colored line indicates the level of the background noise. The dashed and solid lines represent the fit of Eqs. (26) and (27) to the experimental data, where s = 0.35 mm 1 was used. https://scispace.com/papers/actinide-specific-complexing-agents-their-structural-and-34uv5jza82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-khyxktoo.png Figure 6. https://scispace.com/papers/action-recognition-based-on-efficient-deep-feature-learning-342ev5feuv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-confusion-matrix-for-the-ucf-101-dataset-accumulated-z469v72j.png Fig. 3. Confusion matrix for the UCF-101 dataset accumulated for all three splits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-confusion-matrix-for-the-hmdb-dataset-accumulated-for-emc3mgrm.png Fig. 5. Confusion matrix for the HMDB dataset accumulated for all three splits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-5-predictions-using-our-approach-for-selected-test-3kbl6ta3.png Fig. 6. Top-5 predictions using our approach for selected test sequences from the UCF-101 dataset [47] with 101 action categories. First row (green color) shows the ground-truth followed by predictions in decreasing level of confidence. Blue and red show correct and incorrect predictions, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-top-5-predictions-using-our-approach-for-selected-test-l65m3f6y.png Fig. 7. Top-5 predictions using our approach for selected test sequences from the HMDB dataset [48] with 51 action categories. First row (green color) shows the ground-truth followed by predictions in decreasing level of confidence. Blue and red show correct and incorrect predictions, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-network-we-use-the-output-from-37au7usq.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the network. We use the output from layer 16 of the VGG-Net (Table 1 in [45]), as a descriptor. The output is concatenated to form 512, 3D feature maps. The 3D feature maps are used as input for the network consisting of a volumetric convolutional layer followed by two fully-connected layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-how-the-different-network-outputs-are-mkf01jtx.png Fig. 2. Illustration of how the different network outputs are combined, where VGG-3D-fc2 refers to the fc2 layer in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-convnet-accuracy-under-different-settings-for-ucf-5p1i0q12.png TABLE II CONVNET ACCURACY UNDER DIFFERENT SETTINGS FOR UCF-101 DATASET. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparing-accuracy-for-shuffling-video-sample-frames-2hdh37ak.png Fig. 4. Comparing accuracy for shuffling video sample frames. https://scispace.com/papers/activation-of-olefins-via-asymmetric-bronsted-acid-catalysis-35d93jmwup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scope-of-the-hydroalkoxylation-isolated-yields-are-3clfegeo.png Fig. 2. Scope of the hydroalkoxylation. Isolated yields are presented. Enantiomeric ratios (e.r.) were determined either via HPLC or GC. * The reaction was performed in 1,2-dichloroethane–cyclohexane (1:1). CyH = cyclohexane, Ts = p-toluenesulfonyl. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mechanistic-studies-a-a-plausible-catalytic-cycle-b-bxkanngm.png Fig. 4. Mechanistic studies. (A) A plausible catalytic cycle. (B) DFT-calculated enantiodetermining transition states of the hydroalkoxylation of 1l. To increase visibility, the bulky substituents in the catalyst are whitened in this picture. All distances are in Angstroms. For more details, see the supplementary materials. (C) Intramolecular Hammett analysis (σ + ) is consistent with asynchronous concerted mechanism. For more details, see the supplementary materials. (D) Hydroalkoxylation with olefin isomers and etherification of the corresponding alcohol. CyH = cyclohexane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-three-approaches-for-the-activation-of-olefins-shown-ap50igg9.png Fig. 1. (A) Three approaches for the activation of olefins. Shown from left to right are the enzyme squalene-hopene cyclase [PDB: 1SQC(17)], a general depiction of the well-defined activation of an olefin with a transition metal complex, and the posited binding mode of a strong and confined Brønsted acid organocatalyst. (B) Catalyst optimization. Yields were determined by 1 H NMR using mesitylene as an internal standard. Isolated yield in parentheses. CyH = cyclohexane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-further-application-of-the-methodology-a-catalyst-grcbq21o.png Fig. 3. Further application of the methodology. (A) Catalyst-controlled diastereoselective hydroalkoxylations. Diastereomeric ratios (d.r.) were determined by 1 H-NMR and GC or HPLC. (B) Concise synthesis of (–)-Boivinianin B. (C) A preliminary intermolecular hydroalkoxylation. CyH = cyclohexane. https://scispace.com/papers/activation-of-cobalt-by-neutrons-from-the-hiroshima-bomb-1bwxpm2e5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-concentrations-of-stable-cobalt-in-steel-samples-in-3a4qjg3c.png Table 5. Concentrations of stable cobalt in steel samples in parts per million (ppm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-scheaatlc-of-the-chugoku-electric-company-shoving-2c3802ym.png Figure 30. Scheaatlc of the Chugoku Electric Company shoving coordinate system used in the MORSE Monte Carlo calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-sunmary-of-gross-count-rate-data-from-fnl-2o2nf4ei.png Table 9. Sunmary of gross count-rate data from FNL measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-values-from-recent-american-and-japanese-studies-of-i6h84ntu.png Table 12. Values from recent American and Japanese studies of the specific activities of cobalt in steel samples from Hiroshima. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-gamma-ray-spectrum-from-preliminary-ornl-3180ak2z.png Figure 25. Gamma-ray spectrum from preliminary ORNL measurements of <0'Co In https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schenatlc-of-the-decay-scheme-for-e-oco-12gjoxt2.png Figure 4. Schenatlc of the decay scheme for e oCo. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-schematic-of-bottom-rail-plate-vith-shading-to-41dgbvnm.png Figure 28. Schematic of bottom rail plate vith shading to indicate portions of dissected sample used in PNL measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-ratios-of-calculated-to-measured-values-for-2tzniq2q.png Table 16. Ratios of calculated to measured values for activation of cobalt In Hiroshima. https://scispace.com/papers/active-ageing-of-the-active-elderly-in-serbia-empirical-4ngocdmvwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-answers-of-respondents-on-question-3j8xe39s.png Table 2. Distribution of answers of respondents on question about their concerns regarding population ageing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-score-for-answers-on-the-question-about-the-ss7tou88.png Table 1. Average score for answers on the question about the satisfaction with various spheres of life https://scispace.com/papers/activation-policies-in-switzerland-1qlui8ayqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-active-and-passive-labour-market-measuresa-in-2di4vq3l.png Figure 1.5. Active and passive labour market measuresa in OECD countries,b 2008 versus 1998 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-2-total-staff-of-the-public-employment-service-1bhxd9s0.png Table 2A.2. Total staff of the Public Employment Service, selected OECD countries, selected years ......... 62 Table 3.1. Vacancies, placements and PES market share, selected OECD countries, 2007 ................ 81 Table 4.1. Ratio of the number of unemployment-benefit recipients https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-3-public-expenditure-in-labour-market-programmes-d9xge7oo.png Table 5A.3. Public expenditure in labour market programmes, 2002-09 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-unfilled-vacancies-and-jobseekers-in-switzerland-1pe0uy6n.png Figure 3.1. Unfilled vacancies and jobseekers in Switzerland, 1980-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-distribution-of-participants-by-selected-almps-2rb5rm47.png Figure 5.6. Distribution of participants by selected ALMPs and canton,a Switzerland, 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-ratio-of-the-number-of-unemployment-benefit-on4frvwl.png Table 4.1. Ratio of the number of unemployment-benefit recipientsa to the number of labour force survey unemployed, 2000-07 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-maximum-unemployment-benefit-duration-a-2005-10r3x763.png Figure 4.4. Maximum unemployment-benefit duration,a 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-share-of-non-swiss-nationals-in-temporary-lnox7wxu.png Figure 5.4. Share of non-Swiss nationals in temporary employment and collective training courses by canton, Switzerland, 2008 https://scispace.com/papers/active-a-tool-for-integrating-analysis-contracts-2jbpqrtfpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-operation-of-active-executer-1kmgyzmb.png Figure 4: Operation of ACTIVE EXECUTER. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-selection-dialog-in-active-46399com.png Figure 5: Analysis selection dialog in ACTIVE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-plugin-wrappers-command-interface-for-binpacking-9jq5jm19.png Figure 6: A plugin wrapper’s command interface for binpacking analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-contract-for-frequency-scaling-analysis-3dgeuut3.png Figure 1: A contract for frequency scaling analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-annex-subclause-indicating-the-analyses-to-use-1yheqgys.png Figure 3: Annex subclause indicating the analyses to use. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-contract-for-the-llrek-analysis-14z5z5mz.png Figure 2: A contract for the LLREK analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-algorithm-of-active-verifier-1ry2esw1.png Figure 7: Algorithm of ACTIVE VERIFIER https://scispace.com/papers/active-disassembly-for-the-end-of-life-treatment-of-flat-279nm21skq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-value-of-recovered-materials-and-recycling-rates-hpy69xkg.png Table 1: Value of recovered materials and recycling rates according to the WEEE directive for Philips PDP, LCD with CCFL and LCD with LED FTVs for a direct shredder EoL treatment strategy and an EoL treatment strategy with AD https://scispace.com/papers/active-fault-diagnosis-by-controller-modification-4rfqx7wiz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plant-structure-with-parameterisation-1fojw9wg.png Figure 2. Plant structure with parameterisation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulation-of-system-with-observer-cycling-29d4ih6q.png Figure 5. Simulation of system with observer cycling controller. As indicated by the labels, the controller has transitions back and forth between the nominal observer and the two fault sensitive observers. In (a) no fault occurs. In the second plot (b), Fault #1 has occurred and in (c), Fault #2 has occurred. Oscillations are clearly discernible in the windows where the two sensitive observers are active and nowhere else. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulation-of-system-with-fault-destabilising-1boubjco.png Figure 7. Simulation of system with fault destabilising controller. The fault occurrence is indicated with the vertical line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-observer-selection-parameter-t-in-this-case-the-3qemd5cm.png Figure 4. Observer selection parameter (t). In this case, the transitional periods have been chosen to be of the same length as the stationary periods for each observer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-controller-structure-with-parameterisation-3dlqfvb7.png Figure 1. Controller structure with parameterisation. https://scispace.com/papers/active-metal-brazing-of-machinable-aluminum-nitride-based-5cvdg0uv4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-gixrd-spectra-cu-ka-of-the-fracture-surfaces-on-the-sm-3ox7da3g.png Fig. 7 GIXRD spectra (Cu Ka) of the fracture surfaces on the SM and SS sides of joints brazed at 800 #C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-backscattered-electron-images-beis-of-the-interfaces-2g6yv58g.png Fig. 1 Backscattered electron images (BEIs) of the interfaces after joining at different temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-diffraction-elemental-maps-of-the-interface-1fv0b0mw.png Fig. 3 X-ray diffraction elemental maps of the interface after brazing at 850 #C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-elemental-line-scan-profiles-across-the-rdova1lq.png Fig. 2 X-ray elemental line scan profiles across the interface and chemical compositions of phases detected after brazing at 750 #C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-isothermal-sections-of-the-ag-cu-ti-and-ag-cu-in-2d9t61zz.png Fig. 4 Isothermal sections of the Ag-Cu-Ti and Ag-Cu-In diagrams, where the compositional plots of some of the reaction products are marked, and 20 wt.% In vertical section of the Ag-Cu-In diagram. Adapted from Ref 20 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bei-of-the-fracture-surface-on-the-aln-side-of-the-azx717fh.png Fig. 5 BEI of the fracture surface on the AlN side of the joints after brazing at 800 #C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bei-of-the-fracture-surface-on-the-ss-side-of-the-1saffxef.png Fig. 6 BEI of the fracture surface on the SS side of the joints after brazing at 800 #C https://scispace.com/papers/active-learning-of-gaussian-processes-for-spatial-functions-56p68irasa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-trajectories-and-rmse-changes-y6wvq038.png Fig. 5. Trajectories and RMSE changes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ground-truth-non-gaussian-function-and-predictive-mean-3naixdiz.png Fig. 4. Ground truth non-Gaussian function and predictive mean function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-learning-results-of-hyperparameters-cpqu1p1c.png Fig. 3. Learning results of hyperparameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trajectories-and-rmse-changes-lwnc1qei.png Fig. 2. Trajectories and RMSE changes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ground-truth-function-with-noise-and-predictive-mean-368va4eu.png Fig. 1. Ground truth function with noise and predictive mean function https://scispace.com/papers/active-mucus-cilia-hydrodynamic-coupling-drives-self-1n8kz7v91z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-orientational-order-of-ciliary-beats-a-on-the-1s33ep36.png Fig. 2 | Orientational order of ciliary beats. a, On the background image the white strokes reveals the trajectories of the tip of bundles of cilia. The director field of the beating directions is plotted as an overlay. Red circles and blue triangles are located where a discontinuity arises in the director field and are +½ and -½ nematic topological defects respectively. A schematic of +½ and -½ defect is drawn in inset. The beating directions of cilia are revealed by performing a standard deviation projection over 40 frames at 40 fps. The director field is computed by averaging the orientation in boxes of 15x15 pixels, corresponding to the size of a single ciliated cell. Day of observation #20. Scale bar = 30 µm. b, Beating directions of cilia underneath a local swirl of mucus, sample #11. The colors code for the direction of beating according to the orientation scale in the upper right corner. The director field averaged over 15x15 pixels reveals a robust circular orientational order. Only few topological defects are present. Scale bar = 20 µm. c, Nematic order S, blue curve, associated to the cilia beating orientations of the panel b. S is computed in a sliding window of size L with L varying from Lmin= 6 µm, the size of a ciliated cell to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-emergence-of-mucus-flow-patterns-during-ciliogenesis-a-33mvl77a.png Fig. 1 | Emergence of mucus flow patterns during ciliogenesis. a, Schematic of the ALI chamber: the basal side of the bronchial epithelium is in contact with the culture medium through a porous membrane and the apical side points towards the air. The epithelium has a pseudo stratified structure made of basal cells, goblet cells, which produce the mucus and ciliated cells. During the forward stroke, cilia tips poke in the mucus layer while their recovery motion takes place in the periciliary layer. b, Dynamics of the ciliogenesis. The curve represents the temporal evolution of the percentage of surface covered by active cilia after initiation of the differentiation. Data are from samples #1 to #10 from 5 patients, the color represents a patient and different symbols of the same colors represent different cultures from the same patient. Each data point is an average over at least an area of 1mm x 1mm and error bars are the standard deviation. Characteristic length scale of mucus transport associated to the cilia density are indicated in green, the values represent the average diameter of the swirls +/- standard deviation. c-d, Images representative of two cilia densities, 𝜑𝜑 = 30% (day 14) in c and 𝜑𝜑 = 80% (day 22) in d. Images are the result of a standard deviation projection over 40 frames acquired at 40 fps. Scale bars = 30 µm. e-g, Formation of a swirl of mucus from day 12 to day 14 in sample #13. The three images are the same field of view. Images are the result of a standard deviation projection over 80 frames at 0.2 fps in e (movie S2), 80 frames at 0.2 fps in f (movie S3) and 100 frames at 1 fps in g (movie S4), respectively. Scale bars = 50 µm. h-i, Growth of a mucus swirl between day 12 and day 15, in sample #8, the diameter of the mucus swirl increases by successive accumulation of mucus transported in the vicinity of the swirl. Images results from the standard deviation projection over 100 frames at 0.2 fps in h and over 150 frames at 40 fps in i. Scale bars = 100 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-transport-of-mucus-drives-the-self-organization-of-pqlaq9ci.png Fig. 4 | The transport of mucus drives the self-organization of the epithelium. a, Size distribution of the local swirls that form one week after mucus removal. Data are pooled from samples #6, 10 and 11. b, Comparison of the nematic order computed at different length scales. One week after the mucus has been removed or became immobile due to dehydration, we observe a loss of order at length scales greater than ~25 µm. c, Orientation map of the beating direction of cilia 3 days after addition of a diluted mucus on top of a disorganized culture (sample #15). The colors code for the beating direction according to the orientation scale in the inset. The director field is plotted by averaging the directions over a group of 10 cells. The bronchial epithelium exhibits a circular orientation of the ciliary beats over a millimetric distance. Scale bar = 200 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-planar-cell-polarity-organisation-a-b-long-range-327kysq4.png Fig. 3 | Planar cell polarity organisation. a & b, Long range linear polarization of the PCP Vangl1 protein (blue-green label). Tight junctions, ZO1, are labelled in red. Scale bars = 20 µm. In insets, a zoom on a few cells is shown. Scale bars = 5 µm. c, Quantification of the direction of ciliary beats according to the orientation of Vangl1: the beat direction is orthogonal to the Vangl1 edge. The angle distribution of beat directions corresponds to the field in a & b, the red line indicates the median direction of 146° and the standard deviation is 34°. d & e, Vangl1 exhibits a circular pattern reminiscent of the observed local swirls of ciliary beats. The yellow lines are a guide for the eyes and represent the main orientations orthogonal to vangl1. Scale bars = 20 µm. f, Angle distribution of beat directions, computed from Vangl1 orientation, corresponding to the field in d & e, angles are well distributed over the 0-180° and the red line indicates the median direction of 99°. A perfect circular order would lead to a median of 90°. g, PCP protein Vangl1 over an area of ~1.5 mm x 1 mm in a sample where a millimetric mucus https://scispace.com/papers/active-particles-in-complex-and-crowded-environments-4pyirdi1aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-biological-and-artificial-chiral-active-brownian-2zwtaewh.png FIG. 3. Biological and artificial chiral active Brownian motion. (a) Phase-contrast video microscopy images showing E. coli cells swimming in circular trajectories near a glass surface. Superposition of 8-s video images. From Lauga et al., 2006. (b) Circular trajectories are also observed for E. coli bacteria swimming over liquid-air interfaces but the direction is reversed. From Di Leonardo et al., 2011. Trajectories of (c) dextrogyre and (d) levogyre artificial microswimmers driven by self-diffusiophoresis: in each plot, the red bullet corresponds to the initial particle position and the two blue squares to its position after 1 and 2 minutes. The insets show microscope images of two different swimmers with the Au coating (not visible in the bright-field image) indicated by an arrow. From Kümmel et al., 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-bacteria-driven-micromotors-a-b-sketch-of-the-173q585s.png FIG. 19. Bacteria-driven micromotors. (a), (b) Sketch of the collision of a single bacterium with the rotor boundary: (a) bacteria coming from the left area with respect to the normal leave the gear, while (b) bacteria from the right get stuck at the corner exerting a torque on the rotor. The arrows represent the forces exerted by the bacteria on the rotor. (c) Angular velocity ω of the micromotor as a function of time: the black line refers to a single run; the red (lighter) line is the average over 100 independent runs. After a short transient regime (due to the initial configuration of bacteria), a fluctuating velocity around a mean value ω0 ≈ 0.21 rad s−1 is observed. Inset: The same as the main plot for a symmetrically shaped micromotor, which does not rotate (on average). From Angelani, Di Leonardo, and Ruocco, 2009. (d) A nanofabricated asymmetric gear (48 μm external diameter, 10 μm thickness) rotates clockwise at 1 rpm when immersed in an active bath of motile E. coli cells, visible in the background. The gear is sedimented at a liquid-air interface to reduce friction. The circle points to a black spot on the gear that is used for visual angle tracking. From Di Leonardo et al., 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-active-depletion-interactions-between-two-plates-in-9lqiudei.png FIG. 20. Active-depletion interactions between two plates in an active bath. (a) A schematic of the system containing run-and-tumble particles (spheres) with some particle trajectories indicated by lines and arrows. The run length is Rl. The two parallel walls (bars) of length l are separated by a distance d. When a particle moves along a wall, it imparts a force against the wall. From Ray, Reichhardt, and Olson Reichhardt, 2014. (b)–(e) Typical snapshots of systems for density distributions with a wall-to-wall distance d=R equal to (b) 2.1, (c) 5, (d) 10, and (e) 20, where R is the radius of the active particles. If the particles are modeled as hard spheres, repulsive as well as attractive active-depletion forces can emerge. From Ni, Cohen Stuart, and Bolhuis, 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flow-singularities-a-stokeslet-corresponding-to-the-1ae65hlg.png FIG. 8. Flow singularities. (a) Stokeslet corresponding to the far field of an active particle driven by an external force. (b), (c) Stokes dipoles corresponding to active particles driven by an internal force corresponding to (b) pushers and (c) pullers, both moving horizontally. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-self-jamming-a-particle-locations-for-an-active-tyodwk31.png FIG. 14. Self-jamming. (a) Particle locations for an active matter system [dark gray (blue) particles] in a uniform liquid state at density ϕ ≈ 0.2 with an externally driven probe particle [light gray (red) particle]. The arrow indicates the direction of the probe driving force Fd. (b) Phase-separated cluster state at ϕ ≈ 0.5, consisting of a high-density phase with local crystal ordering coexisting with a low-density liquid phase. From Reichhardt and Olson-Reichhardt, 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chiral-active-brownian-motion-in-two-dimensions-a-a-1qyynlrg.png FIG. 4. Chiral active Brownian motion in two dimensions. (a) A two-dimensional chiral active Brownian particle has a deterministic angular velocity ω that, if the particle’s speed v > 0, entails a rotation around an effective external axis. (b)–(d) Sample trajectories of dextrogyre (red, dark gray) and levogyre (yellow, light gray) active chiral particles with v ¼ 30 μms−1, ω ¼ 10 rad s−1, and different radii [R ¼ 1000, 500, and 250 nm for (b), (c), and (d), respectively]. As the particle size decreases, the trajectories become less deterministic because the rotational diffusion, responsible for the reorientation of the particle direction, scales according to R−3 [Eq. (2)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-non-boltzmann-position-distributions-for-active-c13l80p9.png FIG. 24. Non-Boltzmann position distributions for active particles in a pore. (a)–(c) Simulated trajectories (10 s, solid lines) of active Brownian particles (radius R ¼ 1 μm) moving within a circular pore (radius 20 μm) with reflective boundaries at velocity (a) v ¼ 0, (b) v ¼ 5, and (c) v ¼ 10 μms−1. The histograms on the bottom show the probability distribution along a diameter of the circular pore: while the probability is uniform across the whole pore in the case of passive Brownian particles, the probability increases toward the walls in the case of active Brownian particles together with the particle velocity and the associated persistence length L [Eq. (6)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-doping-of-a-passive-particle-solution-with-active-fzgv5kw4.png FIG. 15. Doping of a passive particle solution with active particles. Experimental snapshots of the temporal evolution of a mixture of passive (ϕp ¼ 0.40) and active (ϕa ≈ 0.01) particles at (a) 0, (b) 600, (c) 900, and (d) 1200 s for Péclet number Pe ≈ 20. The passive particles belonging to clusters are represented as light gray (red) circles, while those not belonging to clusters are represented as open circles. Active particles are shown as dark gray (blue) circles and their trajectories over 300 s prior to each snapshot are represented as solid lines. From Kümmel et al., 2015. https://scispace.com/papers/activities-encountered-by-european-and-other-international-4ozqconwby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-1-the-eis-chemrisks-toolbox-concept-workflow-3svkctia.png Fig. 7.1 The EIS-ChemRisks toolbox concept workflow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-4-food-consumption-for-different-categories-of-age-in-11r4gvjr.png Fig. 7.4 Food consumption for different categories of age in Germany https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3-searching-within-the-expo-facts-database-34jak4y2.png Fig. 7.3 Searching within the EXPO-Facts database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-6-a-related-and-overlapping-disciplines-that-benefit-3najp1jv.png Fig. 7.6 (a) Related and overlapping disciplines that benefit from exposure science and (b) EU Regulatory domains for which exposure knowledge is crucial. Disciplines that benefit of Exposure Science https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-7-geographical-distribution-of-meeting-participants-359oospr.png Fig. 7.7 Geographical distribution of meeting participants https://scispace.com/papers/activity-choice-and-physical-education-in-england-and-wales-ve71z7u2p8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-characteristics-of-the-participating-schools-1-316j6oxc.png Table 1 Key characteristics of the participating schools 1 https://scispace.com/papers/activity-of-moose-and-white-tailed-deer-at-mineral-springs-1llgtxe1j5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-visits-to-mineral-licks-during-scheduled-3s799elr.png Table 2. Number of visits to mineral licks during scheduled observation and mean ± SE duration of visits (minutes), for four categories of moose. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-visits-by-three-adult-male-moose-at-the-2mxzhkuq.png Fig. 5. Number of visits by three adult male moose at the Marie Louise lick and number of hours of observation (below), by date in 1980. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-spent-in-the-lick-minutes-per-hour-of-scheduled-7qta2yva.png Fig. 2. Time spent in the lick (minutes per hour of scheduled observation) for adult male (●) and adult female (○) moose by period. Results are confined to visits in which the animal used the lick and are combined for the 4 years. Total number of hours of scheduled observation (H) is shown for each period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-visits-by-three-individual-moose-at-the-darnwnsp.png Fig. 4. Number of visits by three individual moose at the Marie Louise lick and number of hours of observation (below), by date in 1979. D.P. and Lewis were adult males, and Necktie was a young male in 1979. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-na-content-ppm-of-water-samples-collected-from-the-1toufj1k.png Fig. 1. Na content (ppm) of water samples collected from the north source of the Perry Bay lick and the main source of the Marie Louis lick, various dates in 1977 to 1980. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-spent-in-the-lick-minutes-per-hour-of-scheduled-2k9h9ykd.png Fig. 3. Time spent in the lick (minutes per hour of scheduled observation) for all four classes of moose and all deer by period. Results are confined to visits in which the animal used the lick and exclude the 1977 data because complete records on deer were not kept in that year. Total number of hours of scheduled observation in 1978 to 1980 (H) is shown for each period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-hours-of-observation-at-licks-hours-and-ljpop82z.png Table 3. Number of hours of observation at licks (hours), and number of minutes spent in the lick by young and adult, male and female moose per hour o observation (minutes per hour) by period in the 4 years. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-visits-in-which-five-ingestive-activities-yhs8l4c4.png Table 4. Number of visits in which five ingestive activities were recorded for adult moose, young moose, and deer. https://scispace.com/papers/actual-versus-virtual-employment-in-europe-is-spain-1txuu0ko0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5b-analysis-of-short-run-variations-percentage-15nyl63k.png Table 5b. Analysis of short-run variations. Percentage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spain-all-sectors-except-agricultu-m4svy8ir.png Figure 3. Spain: all sectors, except agricultu https://scispace.com/papers/acute-gastrointestinal-bleeding-detection-of-source-and-4oxymbp7dd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-c-a-55-year-old-man-with-acute-severe-upper-gi-2yvl09gv.png Fig. 1a–c A 55-year-old man with acute severe upper GI bleeding due to aortoduodenal fistula 8 years after aortobifemoral Y-grafting of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. a Contrast-enhanced axial CT image during the arterial phase shows the aortoduodenal fistulous tract (arrow) with contrast media extravasation into the duodenum. b Contrast-enhanced axial CT image during the portal venous phase at the same level. The dynamic process of ongoing bleeding fed by the fistulous tract results in a net increase in intraluminal contrast agent volume and attenuation (arrow) as compared to the arterial phase image. c Midsagittal multiplanar reformation of arterial-phase CT demonstrates the aorto-duodenal fistula and the previously excluded infrarenal aortic aneurysm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6a-d-74-year-old-man-with-acute-severe-lower-gi-bleeding-tcy4r39r.png Fig. 6a–d 74-year-old man with acute severe lower GI bleeding due to ischemic ulcer in the transverse colon. a Contrast-enhanced axial CT image in the arterial phase demonstrates the bleeding source in the transverse colon (arrow). b Contrast-enhanced axial CT image during the portal venous phase at the same level demonstrates the dynamic process of ongoing bleeding (arrow). c Coronal maximum intensity projection in the arterial phase demonstrates the possible feeding artery (arrowhead), the bleeding source (white arrow), and the capsule endoscope (black arrow) in the small bowel that did not provide a diagnosis. d Selective injection of the middle colic artery confirms the bleeding source (arrow). Subsequent coil embolization of the middle colic artery led to cessation of hemorrhage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3a-b-a-58-year-old-man-with-acute-severe-upper-gi-1dva64fs.png Fig. 3a, b A 58-year-old man with acute severe upper GI bleeding due to arteriobiliary fistula 1 week after transjugular liver biopsy. a Contrast-enhanced axial CT image during the portal venous phase demonstrates contrast media extravasation into the distal common bile duct (arrow) and into the duodenum (arrowhead). Note extensive intraperitoneal fluid collections. b Oblique coronal multiplanar reformation of portal venous-phase CT image demonstrates contrast media in the gallbladder, common bile duct, and duodenum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-b-a-48-year-old-man-with-acute-mild-upper-gi-bleeding-1mqzp7zw.png Fig. 2a, b A 48-year-old man with acute mild upper GI bleeding from a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery following chronic tuberculous ulceration of the duodenum. a Contrastenhanced axial CT image during the portal venous phase demonstrates the pseudoaneurysm (arrow) surrounded by centrally hypodense peripancreatic lymphnodes (arrowhead, inlay). No active contrast media extravasation was seen in either the arterial (not shown) or portal venous phase. b Selective celiacography demonstrates the pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery. Subsequent coil embolization was performed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-ct-scanning-parameters-and-contrast-media-hwmn7udm.png Table 1 Summary of CT scanning parameters and contrast media protocols https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-b-a-38-year-old-man-with-acute-mild-lower-gi-bleeding-bts5hh2h.png Fig. 5a, b A 38-year-old man with acute mild lower GI bleeding due to gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the ileum. a Unenhanced (left), arterial-phase (middle), and portal venousphase (right) axial CT images through the tumor (arrowheads) demonstrate a poor conspicuity of the lesion in the arterial phase and a better demarcation in the portal venous phase. The tumor cannot be depicted on unenhanced CT and was prospectively missed on all three phases. b Digital subtraction catheter angiography of the superior mesenteric artery depicts the homogeneously hypervascular tumor https://scispace.com/papers/acute-necrotizing-encephalopathy-of-childhood-secondary-to-j8fdnc1me1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computed-tomography-and-magnetic-resonance-imaging-3043jcef.png Figure 1: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the patient. (a) Computed tomography scan brain showing diffuse low attenuation areas in pons with effacement of the lateral ventricle. (b) Computed tomography scan brain showing diffuse low attenuation areas in pons with gradual transition to midbrain and medulla. (c) Abnormal, symmetrical signals in the thalamus and midbrain. (d) Lesions are appearing hypointense on T1‑weighted images. (e) Hyperintense on T2‑weighted images and showing minimal postcontrast enhancement. Necrotic areas are also identified in the right thalamus and both sides of the pons which are showing peripheral enhancement https://scispace.com/papers/adaptation-and-validation-of-the-gambling-motives-3jpnxd5wzc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-test-retest-stability-and-26aqooxs.png Table 2. descriptive statistics, test-retest stability and intercorrelations among the GmQ-F dimensions (N = 278). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-cronbachs-alphas-of-all-1unl1bsn.png Table 1. descriptive statistics and Cronbach’s alphas of all scales for the two samples (n = 278 for the original sample and n = 22 for the PG group) and statistical differences between community and treatment-seeking pathological gamblers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spearman-correlations-between-all-gmq-f-dimensions-23io953m.png Table 3. Spearman correlations between all GmQ-F dimensions and age (N = 278), gender (N = 278), PGSI (N = 278), GrCS, uPPS, daSS (n = 217) and prevalence of gambling type played (N = 278). https://scispace.com/papers/adapted-physical-activity-professionals-in-rehabilitation-an-4exnpj6xhp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-sports-pedagogues-participating-in-group-1g5xo34d.png Table 1. Overview of sports pedagogues participating in group interviews and their educational background 12 13 https://scispace.com/papers/adapting-agriculture-to-climate-change-preparing-australian-1hbq71v07o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-technical-carbon-sequestration-potential-in-various-1n6h3qk8.png Table 12. Technical carbon sequesTraTion poTenTial in various biomes (usdoe, 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-regional-and-global-area-under-forestland-use-8j1szwif.png Table 15. regional and global area under foresTland use (recalculaTed from ipcc, 2007b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-agricultural-land-use-1961-2001-ipcc-2007b-36pl3nl7.png Table 14. agriculTural land use, 1961–2001 (ipcc, 2007b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-changes-in-area-for-different-n8p8c1i7.png Table 3. esTimaTes of changes in area for differenT vegeTaTion Types beTween 1700 and 1992 (ramankuTTy and foley, 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-conversion-of-forest-vegetation-to-4jzyxz0i.png Table 4. esTimaTes of conversion of foresT vegeTaTion To cropland beTween 1700 and 1992 (ramankuTTy and foley, 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-increases-in-area-under-cropland-and-2bypatdg.png Table 5. esTimaTes of increases in area under cropland and pasTures beTween 1700 and 1980 (fao, 2008; richards, 1990). https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-recommended-soil-management-practices-for-2j4gnk5t.png Table 13. recommended soil-managemenT pracTices for adapTaTion To climaTe change Through c sequesTraTion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimates-of-degraded-and-desertified-lands-11t71vrn.png Table 7. esTimaTes of degraded and deserTified lands. https://scispace.com/papers/adapting-overhead-lines-to-climate-change-are-dynamic-51ga0j2seb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sensitivity-of-rating-to-wind-speed-at-seasonal-3a1gpr3b.png Fig. 4. Sensitivity of rating to wind speed at seasonal temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-winter-and-summer-wind-speeds-and-temperatures-e9tndvff.png Table 1 Mean winter and summer wind speeds and temperatures for all three sites for current and 2050s climate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-of-hourly-ohl-ratings-model-2ysw189s.png Fig. 6. Schematic of hourly OHL ratings model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-frequency-of-specific-weather-conditions-2iwo91s2.png Table 2 Percentage frequency of specific weather conditions under current 2050 medium emissions scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-seasonal-distributions-of-hourly-temperature-for-the-27a1rfn1.png Fig. 7. Seasonal distributions of hourly temperature for the 1Ed site under current and 2050s climate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sample-year-of-dynamic-hourly-ratings-calculated-from-2yvkc33q.png Fig. 10. Sample year of dynamic hourly ratings calculated from the weather generator runs for 1Ed showing current (upper) and future (lower) occurrences where dynamic ratingostatic assumptions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-risk-of-real-time-rating-being-lower-than-1nh1wftf.png Table 4 Percentage risk of real time rating being lower than nominal rating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-probability-distribution-for-annual-go40rbzx.png Fig. 1. Cumulative probability distribution for annual temperature change in Eastern Scotland in the 2050s under the ‘medium’ emissions scenario. https://scispace.com/papers/adapting-school-physical-activity-and-health-surveys-for-15gsaifpmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-time-of-survey-completion-by-setting-with-cohen-3liop4kp.png Table 2. Mean time of survey completion by setting with Cohen's d effect sizes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-surveys-across-the-education-sector-2agybmy1.png Table 1. Distribution of surveys across the education sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-24lqofro.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-acquisitions-in-biomedical-optical-imaging-based-on-vqemehq53s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-of-our-acquisition-strategy-on-a-128x128-258wniw5.png Fig. 4. Simulation of our acquisition strategy on a 128×128 image of a mouse injected with a fluorescence dye (left). Image restored for a SR of 10% using our strategy with Le Gall’s wavelet (right). A PSNR of 41.75 dB was reached. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-and-psnrs-associated-with-the-results-of-fig-2-2i8n0gd0.png Table 1. Time and PSNRs associated with the results of Fig. 2. Time takes into account the image restoration for TV and prediction+restoration for ABS. PSNRs are given with respect to the ground truth image in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-jaszczak-target-128x128-ground-truth-image-used-for-26e3rius.png Fig. 1. Jaszczak target. 128×128 ground truth image used for simulation (left) and experimental CCD image of the printed target on a paper (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-acquisition-of-the-jaszczak-target-using-the-spc-and-1ag763je.png Fig. 3. Acquisition of the Jaszczak target using the SPC and images restored with CS or ABS. Top row: CS restoration for a SR of 20% (left) and 10% (right) with a PSNR of 19.70 dB and 19.18 dB. Bottom row: ABS restoration for a SR of 20% (left) and 10% (right) with a PSNR of 20.90 dB and 20.60 dB. PSNRs are given with respect to the CCD image in Fig. 1 after registration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-of-cs-and-abs-on-the-jaszczak-target-top-2rdu2u6d.png Fig. 2. Simulation of CS and ABS on the Jaszczak target. Top row: CS simulation for a SR of 20% (left) and 10% (right). Bottom row: AS simulation for a SR of 20% and 10%. Table 1 presents the PSNRs associated with these results. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-contextual-energy-parameterization-for-automated-2fh1yq7ixc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-figure-refer-to-e-copy-segmenting-a-natural-1m15nacw.png Fig. 5. (Color figure, refer to e-copy). Segmenting a natural image. (a) Original leaf image. (b) Reliability calculated by our proposed method. Contours produced by using (c) our method (blue), (d) fixed-weight of 1 (black), (e) 0.5 (green), and (f) 0 (red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-figure-refer-to-e-copy-segmentation-of-a-192le0os.png Fig. 6. (Color figure, refer to e-copy). Segmentation of a synthetic image using GC with adaptive regularization. (a) Synthetic image of 14 ellipses with image contrast increasing from left to right. (b) Reliability calculated by our proposed method. (c) Segmentation using standard GC, where each color represents a separate label. (d) Segmentation using adaptive regularization GC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-figure-refer-to-e-copy-segmentation-results-on-sb0260tx.png Fig. 4. (Color figure, refer to e-copy). Segmentation results on BrainWeb data of cortical surface in a proton density image with noise level of 5%. Contours produced by using (a) the proposed adaptive weight (blue), (b) best fixed-weight (red), and (c) the globally-optimum weight (cyan). Improved regularization resulted from our method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-figure-refer-to-e-copy-results-of-a-globally-3rjaaqrp.png Fig. 3. (Color figure, refer to e-copy). Results of (a) globally-optimum weight method and (b) proposed adaptive-weight method for a corpus callosum MR image. The coloring of the contours reflects the value of the spatially-adaptive weight. The same color map is used for both figures, with pure blue corresponding to w = 0 and pure red to w = 1. The proposed method results in greater regularization in the difficult fornix region and has smoother transition between weights. (c) Contours produced by using the proposed adaptive weight (blue), best fixed-weight (red), and the globally-optimum weight (cyan). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-segmentation-of-mr-data-from-brainweb-using-gc-with-149oa45w.png Fig. 8. Segmentation of MR data from BrainWeb using GC with adaptive regularization. (a) Original T2 slice with 3% noise level and 40% intensity non-uniformity. (b) Reliability calculated by our proposed method. Note increased reliability along the ventricular boundary. (c) Segmentation from standard GC. (d) Segmentation from GC with adaptive regularization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-figure-refer-to-e-copy-difference-in-average-dsc-3utdfl54.png Fig. 7. (Color figure, refer to e-copy). Difference in average DSC between adaptive regularization GC and standard GC for images with increasing numbers of ellipses. Different curves represent different noise standard deviations as shown in legend. Positive DSC difference indicates adaptive regularization GC is more successful than standard GC at labeling ellipses with low image quality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-sample-synthetic-images-used-in-our-validation-34hzi12e.png Fig. 1. Two sample synthetic images used in our validation tests. The left column image has spatially varying noise and blurring (increasing from right to left) and with changing boundary smoothness (smooth on the left and jagged on the right). The right column image has higher curvature and noise levels. Black intensities corresponds to 0 and white to 1. The result confirms the desired behavior of the reliability measure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-is-essential-for-proper-viewing-please-refer-to-1pftkpz0.png Fig. 2. Color is essential for proper viewing, please refer to the e-copy. Contours obtained from: (blue) proposed adaptive weights, (red) best fixed weight, and (cyan) globally optimum weight. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-estimation-and-reduction-of-noises-affecting-a-self-14l5zypbhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-for-fpzt-1-khz-a-smi-signal-with-c-0-9-and-1yjq7792.png Fig. 5. Simulation for fPZT = 1 kHz: (a) SMI signal with C= 0.9 and α=5, (b) Noisy SM signal with SNR= 12.2 dB, (c) SM signal recovered with RLS-ALE, (d) ) LPF, (e) DWT, (f) Dr (t) retrieved by PUM, blue (DPZT(t)), yellow dotted (RLS-ALE), red (DWT) and green (LPF), (g) Error [RLS-ALE(dotted blue), LPF (green), DWT (red)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-for-fpzt-100-hz-a-smi-signal-with-c-4-9-and-37mbv49p.png Fig. 6. Simulation for fPZT = 100 Hz: (a) SMI signal with C= 4.9 and α=5, (b) Noisy SM signal with SNR= 12.1 dB, (c) SM signal recovered with RLS-ALE, (d) LPF, (e) DWT, (f) Dr (t) retrieved by PUM, (blue (DPZT(t)), yellow dotted (RLS-ALE), red (DWT) and green (LPF), (g) Error [RLS-ALE(dotted blue), LPF (green), DWT (red)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pum-based-rms-error-results-in-displacement-rnrn9g3g.png Fig. 7. PUM based RMS error results in displacement measurements of simulated SMI signals for different optical feedback, and SNR: (a) fPZT = 50Hz, and (b) fPZT = 500Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-adaptive-noise-estimation-and-2opdutzb.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of the adaptive noise estimation and reduction model using RLS-ALE: photodiode (PD), laser diode (LD), focusing lens (FL), and piezoelectric transducer (PZT). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-signals-for-fpzt-40hz-a-experimental-316l20b1.png Fig. 8. Experimental signals for fPZT = 40Hz: (a) experimental noisy SMI signal picked up by DL7140, (b) SM signal recovered with RLS-ALE, (c) LPF, (d) DWT, (e) Dr (t) retrieved by PUM, (blue (DPZT(t)), yellow dotted (RLS-ALE), red (DWT) and green (LPF), (f) Error [RLS-ALE(dotted blue), LPF (green), DWT (red)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-experimental-sm-signal-affected-by-impulsive-noise-3lkzkt1o.png Fig. 10. (a) Experimental SM signal affected by impulsive noise corresponding to vibration at 8kHz with amplitude < 1µm, (b) RLSALE based filtered SM signal, and (c) enlarged view of an affected fringe before and after filtering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-signals-for-fpzt-52-85hz-a-experimental-160elkyj.png Fig. 9. Experimental signals for fPZT = 52-85Hz: (a) experimental noisy SMI signal picked up by DL7140, (b) SM signal recovered with RLS-ALE, (c) LPF, (d) DWT, (e) Dr (t) retrieved by PUM, (blue (DPZT(t)), yellow dotted (RLS-ALE), red (DWT) and green (LPF), (f) Error [RLS-ALE(dotted blue), LPF (green), DWT (red)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-signal-processing-for-the-adaptive-rls-ale-based-sm-31tyynup.png Fig. 2. Signal processing for the adaptive RLS-ALE based SM sensor: PUM (Phase Unwrapping Method) [32] is used to quantify the performance of proposed filter for displacement sensing. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-filtering-for-the-lattice-boltzmann-method-36j52zr2lo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-evolution-of-the-maximal-amplitude-of-the-vortex-6ewxmru6.png Fig. 2. (a) Evolution of the maximal amplitude of the vortex kinetic energy at each crossing of the domain. (b) Time trace of the normalized kinetic energy at the center point location after the last crossing of the domain. (—): Without filtering, ( ): Fs , ( ): F 0ad , ( ): F 1ad , ( ): F 2ad . Thin lines to thick lines are for ξ = 0.5, ξ = 1.0 and ξ = 1.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computational-costs-of-the-present-filtering-2quee39b.png Table 4 Computational costs of the present filtering strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-trace-of-the-maximum-value-of-the-coefficient-sd-2qobuut9.png Fig. 4. Time trace of the maximum value of the coefficient σd . (—): Without filtering, ( ): Fs , ( ): F 0ad , ( ): F 1ad , ( ): F 2ad . Thin lines to thick lines are for ξ = 0.5, ξ = 1.0 and ξ = 1.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-isocontours-of-density-and-isocontours-of-sd-0-1s0-3b8ufkqi.png Fig. 3. ( ) Isocontours of density and ( ) isocontours of σd = 0.1σ0 after 13200 timesteps. (a–c) F 1ad with ξ = 0.5,1.0 and 1.5. (d–f) F 0ad with ξ = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-non-dimensional-time-evolution-of-the-dissipation-rate-1ssa5xp0.png Fig. 8. Non-dimensional time evolution of the dissipation rate . (• spectral data), (... 643), (- - 963), ( 1283) and ( 2563). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-isosurface-of-the-q-criterion-colored-by-kinetic-19wq1rft.png Fig. 7. Isosurface of the Q-criterion colored by kinetic energy at time t = 0, t = 4, t = 10, t = 16 for Re = 1600 on a 2563 grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-the-filtered-quantity-on-a-963-domain-32p4swpr.png Fig. 11. Comparison of the filtered quantity on a 963 domain with σ0 = 0.05 and ξ = 1.0: ( Reference simulation on 2563. Red, blue and green curves refer to 3-point, 5-point and 9-point filters respectively.) filtered collision operator, filtered distribution functions, filtered moments. (For interpretation of the colors in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-between-static-filters-solid-lines-and-epo9p225.png Fig. 12. Comparison between static filters (solid lines) and dynamical filters (dashed lines) on a 963 domain (left) and a 1283 domain (right). Red, blue and green curves refer to 3-point, 5-point and 9-point filters respectively. (For interpretation of the colors in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-hierarchical-vector-quantization-for-image-coding-41mjtsd2r0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-and-b-partial-matching-1csx10bu.png Fig. 2 (a) and (b) Partial matching. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiments-on-cronkite-table-3-experiments-on-lena-2lr0aif5.png Table 2 Experiments on "Cronkite. Table 3 Experiments on "Lena." https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiments-on-zelda-2fobvxj0.png Table 1 Experiments on "Zelda." https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cronkite-a-original-and-b-reconstructed-a22oy8k4.png Fig. 5 "Cronkite": (a) original and (b) reconstructed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-index-map-and-b-z-order-sq1zkosg.png Fig. 1 (a) Index map and (b) Z order. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-overcurrent-protection-for-microgrids-in-extensive-1es3txn78u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-line-data-3k10o57f.png Table I. Line Data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-test-microgrid-model-in-aalborg-3mbjbc03.png Fig. 1. The test microgrid model in Aalborg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-expanding-substation-distribution-automation-yr6pfhf7.png Fig. 2. The expanding substation/distribution automation system for microgrids in distribution system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-error-of-ann-model-ii-3r9prnw0.png TABLE V. The Error of ANN Model II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-flow-chat-of-the-adaptive-overcurrent-protection-17uun62n.png Fig. 4. Flow chat of the adaptive overcurrent protection scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-illustration-of-ann-2a1nh6ij.png Fig. 5. The illustration of ANN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-error-of-ann-model-i-xv3ewj24.png TABLE IV. The Error of ANN Model I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-illustration-of-a-single-neuron-model-1yo4midm.png Fig. 6. The illustration of a single neuron model. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-path-following-control-for-bio-inspired-steerable-2c79dmsh14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-control-command-vy-vz-tracked-by-llc-with-pd-and-2mmquxt9.png Fig. 8: Control Command vy ,vz tracked by LLC with PD and Adaptive component. f (ω)y , f (ω)z are the projected disturbances of K( f (ω)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-control-command-vy-vz-tracked-by-llc-with-pd-and-294j5mb4.png Fig. 10: Control Command vy ,vz tracked by LLC with PD and Adaptive component and disturbances at higher frequency. f (ω)y , f (ω)z are the projected disturbances of K( f (ω)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-euclidean-position-and-angular-error-between-the-1ypqqg21.png Fig. 6: Euclidean position and angular error between the reference path {P} and the needle tip {N}, with zoomed error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-control-command-vy-vz-tracked-by-llc-with-only-pd-2fcbu1gd.png Fig. 7: Control Command vy ,vz tracked by LLC with only PD components. f (ω)y , f (ω)z are the projected disturbances of K( f (ω)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relative-offset-of-segments-si-1234-achieved-to-track-1tp0gpdc.png Fig. 9: Relative offset of segments Si=1,2,3,4, achieved to track the reference path with the adaptive control activated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-the-control-strategy-with-inner-loop-2prwbpp6.png Fig. 1: Flow chart of the control strategy: with inner loop control to track the commands (vy ,vz) generated by the High Level Control (HCL). This latter is in charged to minimized the distance and orientation between the reference path and the needle tip frame. The Low-Level Control (LLC) tracks the HCL commands and generates the segments motion (δ1,2,3,4) to reduce the euclidean error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-needle-path-following-kinematic-frame-the-p-represents-3vrz3l0h.png Fig. 2: Needle Path Following Kinematic Frame: the {P} represents the virtual target moving along the predefined path. {N} represents the needle tip configuration. Top Right: the needle cross-section with highlighted the plane-of-steering direction for each segments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-control-command-vy-vz-tracked-by-llc-with-pd-and-1yxu6kql.png Fig. 11: Control Command vy ,vz tracked by LLC with PD and disturbances at higher frequency. f (ω)y , f (ω)z are the projected disturbances of K( f (ω)). https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-system-on-a-chip-asoc-a-backbone-for-power-aware-12b4nykirf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tiled-architecture-3d2u3m9s.png Fig. 1. Tiled Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-voltage-values-using-delay-voltage-vm52h1hi.png Fig. 4. Voltage Values Using Delay/Voltage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-test-system-3bhb0ryy.png Fig. 5. Test System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dynamic-voltage-selection-vyh23f4z.png Fig. 3. Dynamic Voltage Selection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-core-and-communication-interface-1yb37xhp.png Fig. 2. Core and Communication Interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-power-for-modes-and-clock-rates-15uhny3v.png Table 1. Power for Modes and Clock Rates https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-routing-tree-construction-for-achieving-optimal-1jf6vrxdle 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-number-of-normalized-ofdm-symbols-to-serve-the-210r4544.png Figure 2. The number of normalized OFDM symbols to serve the given traffic in low density of SSs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-routing-tree-con-been-chnaged-the-color-3dhuiis5.png Figure 1. An example routing tree con been chnaged (the color d https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-number-of-normalized-ofdm-symbols-to-serve-the-l0wq07td.png Figure 3. The number of normalized OFDM symbols to serve the given traffic in high density of SSs https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-rtp-rate-control-method-46772bh93l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-network-topology-of-the-simulation-4net3e2l.png Figure 3. Network topology of the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-system-parameters-and-their-respective-values-3rexrlry.png Table I SYSTEM PARAMETERS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE VALUES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rtp-packet-loss-fraction-of-4mb-s-constant-traffic-10vdgmbi.png Figure 5. RTP packet loss fraction of 4Mb/s constant traffic (MV =4Mb/s) over the timespan of the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-rtp-packet-loss-fraction-of-pid-controlled-traffic-1doy7wdc.png Figure 8. RTP packet loss fraction of PID controlled traffic over the timespan of the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rtp-packet-loss-fraction-of-2mb-s-constant-traffic-1tzjz4sn.png Figure 6. RTP packet loss fraction of 2Mb/s constant traffic (MV =2Mb/s) over the timespan of the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rtp-transmission-rate-of-pid-controlled-traffic-378kuqyy.png Figure 7. RTP transmission rate of PID controlled traffic over the timespan of the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-feedback-control-system-1dctbf3l.png Figure 1. Feedback Control System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pid-controller-used-in-the-proposed-method-t1ocpjcu.png Figure 2. PID controller used in the proposed method. https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-unlabeled-and-real-time-approximate-learning-2yzm9ky3by 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-tuh-dataset-21flq5g7.png Table 1. Summary of TUH dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-applying-aura-to-seizure-forecasting-a-raw-eeg-3mccogze.png Figure 1. Applying AURA to seizure forecasting. (a) Raw EEG signals are streamed in real-time to train a forecasting model. The training process is co-located with the data source, and may be implemented through edge computing. (b) Our experimental setup emulates this process by recording EEG signals into local memory, and streaming this in near https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-epilepsiae-scalp-eeg-dataset-11ayyjw2.png Table 2. Summary of EPILEPSIAE scalp-EEG dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-real-time-prediction-comparison-of-a-sample-patient-14ztpv46.png Figure 4. Real-time prediction comparison of a sample patient session without AURA learning (left figure) and with AURA learning (right figure). The dashed vertical red line represents the ground truth seizure onset time, and the solid https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pseudo-prospective-results-comparison-1xw9rjfy.png Table 5. Pseudo-prospective results comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-network-architecture-1miy1i34.png Table 4. Network Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-rpah-selected-dataset-245tl5oh.png Table 3. Summary of RPAH selected dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-online-learning-procedure-a-the-prediction-and-1y88i4ju.png Figure 3. Online learning procedure. (a) The prediction and detection models are initially pre-trained offline. The EEG recording from a given patient from the RPAH dataset is streamed as a real-time signal. It is used to generate a real-time detection (detection result) and a 30-minute forecast (prediction result). The detection result i) determines whether the sample is used to train the prediction model, and ii) is used as the target label for the prediction model outcome from 30-minutes prior. The red arrow between ‘prediction results→ prepare training data’ indicates that prediction results can be used to govern the training of the prediction model; e.g., if the prediction results are https://scispace.com/papers/adaptive-unscented-kalman-filter-for-parameter-and-state-734lyiqnl0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurement-noise-variance-change-of-ballistic-2zedm9u1.png Table 2 Measurement noise variance change of ballistic trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-between-density-and-height-in-trajectory-zrbq9g5a.png Fig. 5 Relationship between density and height in trajectory equation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-estimated-results-362z5a0c.png Table 3 Comparison of estimated results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-parameter-estimation-results-27l5d1yu.png Fig. 6 Comparison of parameter estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-estimated-results-wm2vbdnz.png Table 1 Comparison of estimated results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parameter-estimation-results-1pt4bpe6.png Fig. 2 Parameter estimation results https://scispace.com/papers/adipocyte-lipolysis-abrogates-skin-fibrosis-in-a-wnt-dpp4-1anuimw9us 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-catistab-leads-to-dwat-loss-via-dysregulation-of-lipid-24wfbtk3.png Fig. 3: -catistab leads to DWAT loss, via dysregulation of lipid metabolism, and collagen remodeling. a, Transgenes in doxycycline-inducible/reversible -catenin ( -catistab -catistab m b, -catistab https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dpp4-mediates-lipid-loss-in-catistab-35vulswb.png Fig. 4: DPP4 mediates lipid loss in -catistab https://scispace.com/papers/adlayer-structure-dependent-ultrafast-desorption-dynamics-in-28nvvmdhny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-empirical-friction-simulations-solid-lines-using-1dchld3m.png Figure 7. Empirical friction simulations (solid lines) using temperature-dependent electronic coupling (Model II, α = 1.75) overlaid on the 2PC data as in Figures 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-phonon-coupling-model-2pc-2yev73z3.png Figure 8. Comparison of the phonon coupling model 2PC simulations with the experimental measurements (circles) at coverages of 0.24, 0.64, and 0.75 ML (top to bottom): as calculated (solid line) and normalized to the peak experimental probabilities (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-fs-pid-probability-for-co-from-co-pd-111-as-a-3v0ikiue.png Figure 3. The fs-PID probability for CO from CO/Pd(111) as a function of coverage. The probabilities presented here are extrapolated to those expected for excitation at 7.76 mJ/cm2 fluence, as described in the text. The line is a thirdorder polynomial fit that serves to guide the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-short-delay-portions-of-the-2pc-data-these-data-are-66ezh2me.png Figure 5. Short delay portions of the 2PC data. These data are the same as shown in Figure 4, but only the short delay portion is shown here to highlight the behavior near zero delay. The solid lines are two-temperature model simulations using constant electronic coupling (Model I) as described in the Numerical Modeling section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-coverage-dependence-of-the-fs-pid-probability-2r459vxr.png Figure 9. The coverage dependence of the fs-PID probability calculated with Model I using the coverage dependent activation energies derived from TPD and selected constant electronic friction values, 𝜂𝜂el = 1 𝜏𝜏el⁄ , as marked (solid lines), overlaid on the experimental data (circles) and line to guide the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-fluence-dependence-of-the-fs-pid-probability-3sqqtxuw.png Figure 2. The fluence dependence of the fs-PID probability for CO from CO/Pd(111) at 0.24 (squares), 0.64 (circles), 0.75 ML (triangles). The solid lines are linear fits to the data, giving slopes of 9.3, 10.3 and 6.9, respectively. The vertical line marks the 7.76 mJ/cm2 reference fluence used for the coverage dependence in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-friction-parameters-that-give-the-best-model-ii-1pu9y26y.png Table III Friction parameters that give the best Model II fit to the 2PC measurements. The electronic coupling times at the peak electronic temperature and the adsorbate temperature at the desorption rate peak derived from the fits, assuming an absorbed fluence of 7.76 mJ/cm2, are given. For the 0.24- and 0.75-ML adlayers, bestfit values for 𝛼𝛼 fixed at 1.75 are also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/administration-size-and-organization-size-an-examination-of-3j3euhrn4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rotated-standardized-lhkx7fc9.png Table 1 Rotated Standardized https://scispace.com/papers/adsorbate-induced-structural-changes-in-1-3-nm-platinum-51ityz8chx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differential-pdfs-for-a-1c-pt-al2o3-b-3c-pt-al2o3-2lqbg51m.png Figure  4.  Differential  PDFs  for  (a)  1c  Pt/Al2O3,  (b)  3c  Pt/Al2O3, and (c) 5c Pt/Al2O3 under different conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-one-dimensional-saxs-curves-of-pt-al2o3-and-bare-2br5c0l9.png Figure  2.  (a) One‐dimensional  SAXS  curves  of  Pt/Al2O3  and bare Al2O3  resulting  from average  the 2D diffraction  image;  (b)  size  distribution  of  the  as‐prepared Pt nano‐ particles  obtained  from  SAXS  modeling.  Black  Al2O3.  Green 1c Pt/Al2O3. Blue 3c Pt/Al2O3. Red 5c Pt/Al2O3. https://scispace.com/papers/admm-for-exploiting-structure-in-mpc-problems-11hb09exjm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mpc-setup-with-a-controller-running-structure-38byapkp.png Fig. 1. MPC setup with a controller running structure-exploiting ADMM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-convergence-of-algorithm-2-for-the-cascade-system-20-36xah2d5.png Fig. 7. Convergence of Algorithm 2 for the cascade system (20). The markers indicate the geometric mean over 200 control scenarios; the illustrated range includes 80% of all scenarios, excluding the best and worst 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-cost-per-iteration-of-algorithm-2-for-the-cascade-1pvtlgdk.png TABLE III COST-PER-ITERATION OF ALGORITHM 2 FOR THE CASCADE SYSTEM (20) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-cost-per-iteration-of-algorithm-2-for-the-31d55hh0.png TABLE IV COST-PER-ITERATION OF ALGORITHM 2 FOR THE UNSTRUCTURED SYSTEM (22) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-complexity-per-iteration-for-algorithm-2-v84rhhfm.png TABLE II COMPLEXITY-PER-ITERATION FOR ALGORITHM 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-complexities-for-each-step-in-algorithm-2-2t08087l.png TABLE I COMPLEXITIES FOR EACH STEP IN ALGORITHM 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-composition-of-algorithm-2-each-1ehavq8n.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the composition of Algorithm 2. Each step exploits different types of structure, which improves the computational efficiency. https://scispace.com/papers/adsorption-and-two-dimensional-phases-of-a-large-polar-1u2pfazqqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stm-images-of-the-2d-honeycomb-overlayer-o-subpc-on-ag-14jqwyqz.png FIG. 5. STM images of the 2D ‘‘honeycomb’’ overlayer o SubPc on Ag~111!. ~a! Scan range 14316 nm, I 510 pA, U 50.7 V. Single molecules are observed with submolecular res tion. The internal structure of the SubPc molecules is outlined at bottom right~drawn to scale!. The dark region in the center of eac honeycomb represents the underlying silver substrate. The ph rings of the molecules point to the left side of the center of honeycomb, as indicated by the arrow.~b! Scan range 56 356 nm2, I 510 pA, U51.2 V. The observed honeycomb orde ing exhibits a very high perfection. The inset shows a magnifi image of one ‘‘honeycomb.’’ For this orientation of the honeycom pattern, the phenyl rings of the molecules point to the right side the center of the honeycomb. Therefore, the two honeycomb s tures from~a! and ~b! are enantiomorphic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-subpc-molecule-a-side-view-of-the-calculated-geometric-36c25wdz.png FIG. 1. SubPc molecule:~a! Side view of the calculated geometric structure. The scale bar is valid for~a!. ~b! Chemical Structure.~c! Effective atomic charges determined by a CHelpG population analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-proposed-model-for-the-honeycomb-pattern-the-b-30lt9wic.png FIG. 6. Proposed model for the honeycomb pattern. The b consisting of two SubPc and the corresponding Bravais vectors drawn into the model for both enantiomorphic orientations. T arrow drawn to the molecule at the bottom right indicates the ferent chirality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ups-spectra-of-the-valence-band-of-subpc-on-ag-111-for-3aq8fwlm.png FIG. 3. UPS spectra of the valence band of SubPc on Ag~111! for increasing SubPc coverage measured with He I excitation. For the c Ag~111! substrate, the Ag 4d valence states dominate.~a! A shift of the spectra to higher binding energies is observed at higher cove ~b! The same spectra as in~a! shifted to match the HOMO position for each film thickness. Apart from the disappearance of the Ag fe no significant changes are observed with increasing film thickness. In particular, the energy difference between the HOMO and th equal for all layers. The binding energies are given with respect to the Fermi energyEF of the substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xps-spectra-of-the-cl-2p-peak-for-increasing-subp-19ey6i7g.png FIG. 2. XPS spectra of the Cl 2p peak for increasing SubP coverage measured with MgKa excitation. A chemical shift towards lower binding energy is observed for submonolayer co age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-binding-energies-eb-of-the-homo-and-the-mo4-peaks-q6gvgehf.png TABLE I. Binding energies (EB) of the HOMO and the MO4 peaks for different SubPc coverage deduced from the UPS sp and compared to numerical calculations. The experimentally duced energy differenceDEHOMO-MO4 between the HOMO and the MO4 is constant, independent of the coverage. For the@SubPc#1 a shift of 3.36 eV to higher binding energy and a decrease of 0.36 has been calculated for the HOMO andDEHOMO-MO4, respectively. In the UPS measurements neither such a shift to higher bin energy nor a change inDEHOMO-MO4 was observed for the layer with submonolayer coverage compared to multilayers. This i strong evidence against dissociation of SubPc upon adsorption binding energies of the UPS measurements are related to the F energyEF of the Ag~111!, whereas the binding energies for th SubPc and@SubPc#1 are calculated for the free molecule and the fore related to the vacuum energyEV . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-stm-image-of-subpc-on-ag-111-with-a-molecular-3jykuarc.png FIG. 9. ~a! STM image of SubPc on Ag~111! with a molecular coverage of 0.3 ML ~scan range 51341 nm2, I 512 pA, U 50.85 V). On the left-hand side of the image a condensed isl with a honeycomb pattern~c! is present, whereas on the same t race next to the condensed island a noisy streak pattern~g! is visible. This noisy pattern is due to mobile molecules which form a lattice gas. Bunched step edges of the Ag~111! substrate~s! cross the image at the left bottom corner and in the top right. These s are decorated by SubPc molecules which form an irregular pat The white line represents the location of the scan line shown in~b!. ~b! Height profile in the fast scanning direction (x direction!. Single molecules are clearly visible and exhibit a characteristic cross tion which is similar for molecules in the condensed island a within the regions denoted by the noisy pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-measured-work-functions-of-subpc-layers-o-ag-111-a-37vkl7tr.png TABLE II. Measured work functions of SubPc layers o Ag~111!. A decrease of the work function is observed upon Sub adsorption. https://scispace.com/papers/adult-equivalence-scales-inequality-and-poverty-ra87sse458 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-poverty-1p-unit-of-analysis-individual-195pz-bbk73s9e.png Figure 15 - Poverty - 1P , Unit of Analysis: Individual, $195pz = https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inequality-measures-0-8th-12g82zmi.png Figure 4 - Inequality Measures: 0.8θ = https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-increasing-a-over-high-values-2mh692rr.png Figure 10 - Increasing α over High Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-between-equivalent-income-iz-and-lfe168t7.png Figure 3 - Correlation Between Equivalent Income, iz and Household Size, in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-increasing-a-over-low-values-28zj9lpo.png Figure 9 - Increasing α over Low Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-reranking-unit-of-analysis-individual-q0ciatmz.png Figure 12 - Reranking, Unit of Analysis: Individual https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-reranking-unit-of-analysis-equivalent-adults-2ecs2wkz.png Figure 13 - Reranking, Unit of Analysis: Equivalent Adults https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3fy3ua5a.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/papers/adult-longevity-and-economic-take-off-from-malthus-to-ben-3jpez5w5db 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survival-rates-in-geneva-and-rouen-2jk0qaob.png Table 1: Survival rates in Geneva and Rouen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-height-life-expectancy-and-education-in-sweden-wfra0usp.png Figure 7: Height, Life Expectancy and Education in Sweden https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-survival-probabilities-geneva-1vfre3yr.png Figure 3: Survival probabilities – Geneva https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-life-expectancy-at-birth-in-england-186xatsn.png Figure 6: Life expectancy at birth in England https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-life-expectancy-at-age-10-and-income-per-capita-in-234gljak.png Figure 1: Life expectancy at age 10 and income per capita in Sweden https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-books-on-health-published-in-england-1600-pxx5jo99.png Table 2: Number of books on health published in England, 1600-1800 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-survival-probabilities-venice-th36aw7a.png Figure 4: Survival probabilities – Venice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-life-expectancy-at-age-10-and-income-per-capita-3k7ebxyg.png Figure 2: Life expectancy at age 10 and income per capita across countries (year 2000) https://scispace.com/papers/advanced-hybrid-particulate-collector-pilot-scale-testing-2s9r0ob0xr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3nlsh8bb.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bag-cleaning-intervals-for-ptc-cr-622-2-and-ptc-cr-25fdnkz4.png Figure 6. Bag-cleaning intervals for PTC-CR-622-2 and PTC-CR-622-3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-k2ci-for-ptc-cr-622-2-and-ptc-cr-622-3-1xxir8n8.png Figure 7. K2Ci for PTC-CR-622-2 and PTC-CR-622-3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-k2ci-for-ptc-cr-623-3-7vgizo7g.png Figure 16. K2Ci for PTC-CR-623-3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-k2ci-for-ptc-cr-623-1-jqgvj3mq.png Figure 15. K2Ci for PTC-CR-623-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-31kjzse4.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-9ftxxjy7.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fly-ash-deposited-pattern-on-the-perforated-plates-3kjn53dr.png Figure 5. Fly ash-deposited pattern on the perforated plates at the pilot-scale AHPC. https://scispace.com/papers/advanced-hands-on-training-for-distributed-and-outsourced-36wqd4qozd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-the-expended-time-in-the-whole-phase-1-and-7fiy2hpm.png Table 2 shows the expended time in the whole phase 1 and phase 2, and the time expended only in communication. This data represents the 78% of the projects; unfortunately, the collected data for phase 3 is not representative and it is not presented in the table. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expended-time-in-phase-1-and-phase-2-3q1anh7k.png Table 1. Expended time in phase 1 and phase 2 https://scispace.com/papers/advanced-test-reactor-core-modeling-update-project-annual-4078qcdfkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-foil-positioning-strips-and-dummy-strips-mounted-1z9hl5ql.png Figure 4-10. Foil positioning strips and dummy strips mounted in the standard NW LIPT test train insert. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-17-n-16-positions-in-the-atrc-2ylsyw5j.png Figure 3-17. N-16 Positions in the ATRC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-fitting-for-positioning-of-boron-sphere-both-ao3zgdq0.png Figure 4-5. Fitting for positioning of boron sphere. Both halves are shown on the left. Detail of one half is shown on the right. The boron sphere fits into the central cavity. Duplicate flux wires are placed in the indented slots at each end and in the central region of the left half of the fitting as shown in the diagram on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-burnup-calibration-for-the-absolute-area-of-662-dp6xltau.png Figure 5-11. Burnup calibration for the absolute area of 662 keV of 137Cs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-19-spectrum-taken-with-the-hpxe-gas-detector-above-1rbo3vrx.png Figure 5-19. Spectrum taken with the HPXe gas detector above the water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-40-possible-critical-experiment-for-mo-validation-i1vdtao5.png Figure 2-40. Possible critical experiment for Mo validation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-29-two-dimensional-attila-visualization-of-the-383bnhh0.png Figure 2-29. Two-Dimensional ATTILA visualization of the neutron flux distribution in the ATRC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-eigenvalue-as-a-function-of-control-drum-position-14igx9xa.png Figure 2-6. Eigenvalue as a function of control drum position. https://scispace.com/papers/advances-and-challenges-in-computational-plasma-science-25m2dkihbk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-terabytes-of-data-are-now-generated-at-remote-3l0r81xz.png Figure 18. Terabytes of data are now generated at remote locations, as for example the heat potential shown here on 121 million grid points from a particle-in-cell turbulence simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-categories-of-macroscopic-simulations-with-3j427g1c.png Figure 4. Categories of macroscopic simulations with corresponding areas of physics applications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-two-dimensional-field-solutions-for-conversion-of-1k8g7cau.png Figure 14. Two-dimensional field solutions for conversion of fast ion cyclotron waves to ion Bernstein waves in the heating of the DIII-D tokamak plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulation-of-the-nonlinear-evolution-of-an-533fmz2q.png Figure 8. Simulation of the nonlinear evolution of an internal magnetic reconnection event in the START spherical torus experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-3d-particle-in-cell-code-simulations-of-dynamics-3dh7gf1u.png Figure 19. 3D particle-in-cell code simulations of dynamics in the magnetic reconnection current layer leading to the generation of localized regions of intense anti-parallel electric field (“electron holes”). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-example-of-the-kind-of-graduate-program-which-dbjp9q59.png Figure 23. Example of the kind of graduate program which promotes crossdisciplinary education in various areas of computational science applications (including plasma physics) together with applied math and computer science. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-3d-particle-in-cell-simulation-of-electron-proton-3ohzhxs0.png Figure 22. 3D particle-in-cell simulation of electron-proton two-stream instability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-all-orders-spectral-calculation-of-minority-ion-l2xrth1y.png Figure 15. All-orders spectral calculation of minority ion cyclotron heating for all ten field periods of the Large Helical Device (LHD) stellarator facility with a single antenna located at the extreme right-hand side. Individual cross sections show the logarithm of the minority ion power absorption at various toroidal angles. https://scispace.com/papers/advances-in-high-resolution-studies-of-the-chemical-effects-2khpylcw48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bulk-valence-electron-densities-of-mo-and-ti-targets-35q2zifz.png Table 1. Bulk valence electron densities of Mo and Ti targets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-corrected-ti-kj9ln-satellite-spectra-of-ti-metal-1y6b2e16.png Fig. 2. The corrected Ti Kj9Ln satellite spectra of Ti metal (solid line) and Ti02 (dashed line) produced by 36 MeV Cl ion excitation. https://scispace.com/papers/advances-in-open-domain-question-answering-s8ml15yoeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sums-up-the-evaluation-results-of-qalc-3j3f6833.png Table 2 sums up the evaluation results of QALC. https://scispace.com/papers/adverse-effects-of-carbamazepine-monotherapy-among-patients-t2csl66i9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adverse-effects-in-study-participant-35h13vz2.png Table 3. Adverse effects in study participant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-between-adverse-effect-and-1x05gd7h.png Table 4 . Relationship between adverse effect and characteristics of participants (N=84) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-patients-with-adverse-events-2l34l9d2.png Figure 1 – Number of patients with adverse events https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-data-of-the-study-participants-n-84-3nvbc26l.png Table 1. Demographic data of the study participants (N=84) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-characteristics-of-study-participants-n-84-22yg0dfs.png Table 2. Clinical characteristics of study participants (n=84) https://scispace.com/papers/adverse-effects-of-inadequate-water-supply-on-human-health-a-4i0e95wrp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-main-source-of-water-supply-in-the-area-is-hand-3uh4vwv7.png Table 1: The main source of water supply in the area is hand pump/borehole. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-residents-are-facing-water-shortage-problem-lkv2s82q.png Table 2: Residents are facing water shortage problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-water-borne-diseases-are-rampant-in-the-study-area-3dxbkb9d.png Table 6: Water-borne diseases are rampant in the study area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-major-water-borne-diseases-recorded-in-healthcare-2zs0msz9.png Table 7: Major Water-borne Diseases Recorded in Healthcare Facilities within 3 Months https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-major-diseases-in-the-area-are-water-borne-3vh5pwcr.png Table 4: Major diseases in the area are water-borne https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shortage-of-water-can-implicate-health-19dm80pa.png Table 3: Shortage of water can implicate health. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-causes-of-water-shortage-are-landform-and-2uyf2vkz.png Table 5: Causes of water shortage are landform and urbanization. https://scispace.com/papers/advancing-sustainable-urban-transformation-nz40gpu8v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cases-from-the-articles-in-this-special-volume-3qzez77s.png Table 1: Cases from the Articles in this Special Volume https://scispace.com/papers/aerial-data-aggregation-in-iot-networks-hovering-traveling-1n9ei65o0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-p-su-vs-a-for-b-1-5-10-ikflfxqt.png Fig. 4: P sµ vs. a for β ∈ {1, 5, 10}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-p-su-and-thover-vs-increasing-sub-region-radius-r-15xiuie8.png Fig. 5: P sµ and Thover vs. increasing sub-region radius, R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-p-su-and-p-s-u-log2-1-b-for-a-1-nu-and-a-a-2l3plogi.png Fig. 3: P sµ , and P s µ log2(1 + β) for a = 1/N̄µ and a = a ∗. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ttotal-thover-and-ttravel-vs-the-number-of-hls-m-13vglb1w.png Fig. 6: Ttotal, Thover and Ttravel vs. the number of HLs, M . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-default-system-parameters-3t1ueklv.png TABLE II: Default system parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-obtained-r-and-u-values-for-m-1-16-and-a-network-eprb52h0.png TABLE I: Obtained R and u values for M ∈ [1, 16] and a network size of A = 100× 100m2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-covered-areas-radius-r-hls-l-and-trajectory-t5fxtvki.png Fig. 2: Optimal covered areas radius (R), HLs (L) and trajectory for M = 7, 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-230ivzec.png Fig. 1: System model https://scispace.com/papers/affective-reactions-influence-investment-decisions-evidence-22pzxibfi1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-linear-mixed-model-on-decision-behavior-3senqnmf.png TABLE 6: Linear mixed model on decision behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bivariate-correlations-between-changes-in-decisions-2cyaabzv.png TABLE 5: Bivariate correlations between changes in decisions and ratings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bivariate-correlations-between-change-values-and-a2hye8iw.png TABLE 4: Bivariate correlations between change values and psychometric variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-decision-behavior-and-ratings-due-to-3tweuc21.png TABLE 3: Changes in decision behavior and ratings due to taxation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absolute-number-of-low-risk-choices-on-average-4ug9308m.png FIGURE 1: Absolute number of low-risk choices on average across treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absolute-ratings-on-average-across-treatments-7qgle66u.png FIGURE 2: Absolute ratings on average across treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatment-overview-2hphflwx.png TABLE 1: Treatment overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-absolute-values-of-decision-behavior-and-ratings-3df8yix0.png TABLE 2: Absolute values of decision behavior and ratings across treatments https://scispace.com/papers/affinity-chromatography-a-historical-perspective-1wp3icnjjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-publications-including-the-term-affinity-1q8w5hp0.png Fig. 3 Number of publications including the term “affinity chromatography” and that appeared between 1968 and 2013. These data were obtained through a search that was conducted in April 2014 on the Web of Science. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-procedure-used-to-prepare-an-organic-monolith-2ori9pd5.png Fig. 5 Typical procedure used to prepare an organic monolith based on a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) for use in affinity monolith chromatography. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-typical-a-application-and-b-elution-37m73b77.png Fig. 1 Examples of typical (a) application and (b) elution sequences for affinity chro‑ matography. The isocratic elution method in (b) uses the same solution for both sam‑ ple application and elution from the column. The nonspecific elution method in (b) uses a separate solution for elution that has a different pH, ionic strength, polarity or temperature from the solution used for sample application. The biospecific elu‑ tion methods in (b) make use of an elution buffer that contains an agent that will compete with the affinity ligand for binding to the target (normal role) or that com‑ petes with the target for binding to the affinity ligand (reversed role). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-nonbiological-ligands-that-are-used-in-a-1upxhdsw.png Fig. 4 Examples of nonbiological ligands that are used in (a) boronate affinity chro‑ matography, (b) immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), and (c) dye-ligand affinity chromatography. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-cyanogen-bromide-cnbr-immobilization-method-this-2btncynk.png Fig. 2 The cyanogen bromide (CNBr) immobilization method. This figure shows two possible routes by which ligands can be coupled to a support. https://scispace.com/papers/ag-au-concave-cuboctahedra-a-unique-probe-for-monitoring-au-11apeorto5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-uv-vis-spectra-of-the-ag-cuboctahedra-ag-au-3rvg6hiu.png Figure 4. (A) UV–vis spectra of the Ag cuboctahedra, Ag@Au cuboctahedra, and Ag@Au concave cuboctahedra in aqueous suspensions. (B) SERS spectra collected from 1,4–BDT adsorbed on the Ag cuboctahedra, Ag@Au cuboctahedra, and concave cuboctahedra at the excitation of 785 nm. The Ag@Au cuboctahedra and concave cuboctahedra were prepared with the titration of 0.4 mL and 0.8 mL aqueous HAuCl4, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-sers-spectra-recorded-during-the-reduction-of-4-3vn1b1vx.png Figure 5. (A) SERS spectra recorded during the reduction of 4-NTP to 4-ATP by NaBH4 at an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The reaction was catalyzed by the Ag@Au concave cuboctahedra shown in Figure 2E. (B) Schematic illustration (atomic model) of the pathway responsible for the reduction of 4-NTP to 4-ATP on a Au surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-a-proposed-mechanism-2c99ax0h.png Figure 1. Schematic illustration of a proposed mechanism responsible for the transformation of Ag cuboctahedra into Ag@Au cuboctahedra, and ultimately Ag@Au concave cuboctahedra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electron-microscopy-images-of-products-before-left-1p4xc28o.png Figure 2. Electron microscopy images of products before (left panel) and after (right panel) etching with 2.3% aqueous H2O2. The samples were prepared by reacting Ag cuboctahedra with different volumes of HAuCl4: (A, B) 0.2 mL, (C, D) 0.4 mL, and (E, F) 0.8 mL, respectively. A TEM image is shown in (B) while the rest is SEM image. Inset scale bar: 20 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sers-spectra-recorded-during-the-oxidation-of-4-atp-uc511e9h.png Figure 6. SERS spectra recorded during the oxidation of 4-ATP by H2O2 at an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The reaction was catalyzed by the Ag@Au concave cuboctahedra shown in Figure 2E. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-d-haadf-stem-images-taken-from-one-of-the-ag-au-6cl0zgi7.png Figure 3. (A-D) HAADF–STEM images taken from one of the Ag@Au concave cuboctahedra shown in Figure 2E when it was oriented along the <110> zone axis. (E) HAADF–STEM image taken from another concave cuboctahedron that was oriented along the <100> zone axis. (F) STEM–EELS mapping of Au (red) and Ag (green) for the cuboctahedron shown in (E). The insets show models of the concave cuboctahedra in the appropriate orientations. https://scispace.com/papers/agdistis-graph-based-disambiguation-of-named-entities-using-1a4z128epq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evaluation-of-agdistis-against-aida-and-dbpedia-3n3gofii.png Table 4: Evaluation of AGDISTIS against AIDA and DBpedia Spotlight. Bold indicates best F-measure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-corpora-specification-including-the-number-of-3rnimw74.png Table 3: Test corpora specification including the number of documents (#Doc.) and the number of named entities (#Ent.) per dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dbpedia-and-yago2-classes-used-for-disambiguation-19ll4eyd.png Table 1: DBpedia and YAGO2 classes used for disambiguation classes. Prefix dbo stands for http://dbpedia.org/ontology/, foaf for http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ and yago for http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-f-measure-on-the-reuters-21578-corpus-using-dbpedia-as-2vg26v6j.png Fig. 3: F-measure on the Reuters-21578 corpus using DBpedia as KB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-of-agdistis-dbpedia-spotlight-and-tagme-2vrcu6zv.png Table 5: Performance of AGDISTIS, DBpedia Spotlight and TagMe 2 on four different datasets using micro F-measure (F1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-agdistis-224dbct3.png Fig. 1: Overview of AGDISTIS. https://scispace.com/papers/age-at-arrival-parents-and-neighborhoods-understanding-the-1vx4g1wbb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-background-characteristics-4x3z74xh.png Table 1: Background characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-use-of-medical-services-by-age-23-in-comparison-to-2safe1at.png Table 6: Use of Medical Services by Age 23 in Comparison to that of Children of Natives https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-educational-attainment-in-comparison-to-that-of-s3h838ip.png Table 3: Educational Attainment in Comparison to that of Children of Natives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-children-with-foreign-born-parents-living-in-2pum5pna.png Figure 1: Children with foreign-born parents living in Finland in 1990-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-idleness-and-criminal-sentences-by-age-23-in-37jcy3pu.png Table 5: Idleness and Criminal Sentences by Age 23 in Comparison to the Children of Natives https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cross-sectional-and-within-family-estimates-for-age-31zxejak.png Table 4: Cross-Sectional and Within-Family Estimates for Age at Migration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-within-family-estimates-for-the-effect-of-age-at-1y4uij57.png Figure 3: Within-Family Estimates for the Effect of Age at Migration on Holding an Upper Secondary Degree at Age 23 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-immigrant-native-gaps-in-educational-attainment-1izruoiv.png Figure 2: Immigrant-Native Gaps in Educational Attainment https://scispace.com/papers/age-and-gender-distribution-of-covid-19-infected-cases-in-tw39ors77s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1605gznl.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-22svr5je.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2viv14dz.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/age-dependent-dynamics-of-theileria-equi-and-babesia-caballi-4aznsv3o6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graphical-representation-of-the-smoothing-function-of-1qsey98n.png Fig. 1. Graphical representation of the smoothing function of age (i.e. the relation of the log of the odds ratio (logistic regression), adjusted for other significant variables in the model, to age (black line) and the 95% confidence limits (broken lines)) of PCR and IFAT assays from 493 and 499 domestic horses, respectively, for equine piroplasmoses performed in S.W. Mongolia in 2004. The tick marks above the x-axis represent the count of samples at the corresponding age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-parameters-of-the-generalized-linear-and-h22jase5.png Table 2. Significant parameters of the generalized linear and additive models used to analyse the dependence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi PCR and IFAT results and tick infestation on age, herd affiliation, sex, date of sample collection and tick infestation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significant-parameters-of-the-generalized-linear-and-283we58e.png Table 3. Significant parameters of the generalized linear and additive models used to analyse the dependence of the tick infestation on age, herd affiliation, sex and date of sample collection https://scispace.com/papers/age-dependent-skill-formation-and-returns-to-education-202z1kamcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-22-individual-rates-of-return-for-a-tertiary-school-zujlypfq.png Table 22: Individual rates of return for a tertiary school impulse with a duration of 4 years https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-alternative-self-regulatory-learning-multiplier-18b555u3.png Figure 9: Alternative self-regulatory learning multiplier from age 0 to 30 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentiles-of-pisa-reading-test-scores-for-germany-3uw6fsv4.png Table 2: Percentiles of PISA reading test scores for Germany https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-utility-maximizing-duration-of-tertiary-education-xbufsv0a.png Table 15: Utility maximizing duration of tertiary education in years https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-individual-returns-to-education-for-heterogeneous-1rxmnhun.png Table 14: Individual returns to education for heterogeneous giftedness and families https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-pisa-distribution-for-different-types-of-5b6gidwr.png Table 3: The PISA distribution for different types of heterogeneity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cognitive-skills-from-age-0-to-80-normalized-3fa39pi0.png Figure 3: Cognitive skills from age 0 to 80 (normalized between 0 and 600) https://scispace.com/figures/table-24-atkinson-indices-for-different-allocations-of-ld8rxqk1.png Table 24: Atkinson indices for different allocations of education (heterogeneous families) https://scispace.com/papers/age-structure-can-account-for-delayed-logistic-proliferation-416vman9fk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-series-of-plots-showing-the-dynamics-of-the-coupled-1avyx462.png Fig. 3 Series of plots showing the dynamics of the coupled age-structured model with resource-regulated proliferation given by Eqs. (1) and (4), as we vary the resource flux, S. Increasing the value of S: a increases the steady-state value of the total cell population, N∞, b increases the maximum resource concentration and the time it takes to reach the steady-state value, and c reduces the minimum value of the transition age aG1/S . d The plots of the per capita growth rate against the total cell population exhibit biphasic dynamics for the selected values of S. Parameter values as per Table 1 (Colour figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-age-structured-model-with-resource-1zlkx6vy.png Fig. 2 Evolution of the age-structured model with resource-regulated proliferation, Eqs. (1) and (4). In a, we plot the total cell population evolution and observe it follows a logistic-type growth. In b, we plot the resource evolution that follows a rapid increase and then a monotonic decrease to the steady-state value. In c, we plot the evolution of the transition age aG1/S(t) and the inverse dependence of the resource concentration on the transition age can be observed. In d, we plot the per capita growth rate against the total cell population evolution for which two proliferation phases can be observed (a rapid increase, then slower decrease). Parameter values as per Table 1 (Colour figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-model-parameters-kcbrr2zu.png Table 1 Summary of model parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-how-the-a-proliferation-20c22zbq.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of how the a proliferation and b scratch assays evolve in time. In the plots c–f, we consider the experimental data from the proliferation and scratch assays performed in Jin et al. (2017). The authors consider three replicates for three initial degrees of confluence. In c and d, the mean and the standard deviation of the cell population are plotted for each initial degree of confluence. In e and f, the mean and the standard deviation of the per capita growth rate σ(N ) = dNdt 1N are plotted with respect to the mean cell population N . For plots e and f, we consider only the assays with the highest degree of confluence. We calculate the per capita growth rate in the same way as in Jin et al. (2017). A biphasic trend can be observed in f (for the scratch assay) but not in e (for the proliferation assay) (Colour figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-series-of-plots-showing-the-dynamics-of-the-coupled-1iqn6ici.png Fig. 4 Series of plots showing the dynamics of the coupled age-structured model with resource-regulated proliferation, given by Eqs. (1) and (4), as we vary the initial resource concentration value, c0. Increasing c0: a does not affect the total cell population, b increases the maximum resource concentration but reduces the time it takes to reach it, and cmakes the initial decrease of the transition age aG1/S disappear. d Increasing the initial resource concentration, c0, affects the plots of the per capita growth rate against the total cell population by shortening the duration of the disturbance phase where there is no monotonic decreasing dependence. Parameter values as per Table 1 (Colour figure online) https://scispace.com/papers/aged-biochar-alters-nitrogen-pathways-in-bauxite-processing-4eu86uv1jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-daily-nh3-volatilisation-n2o-emission-and-nh3-n2o-3fp9pp6c.png Fig. 3. Daily NH3 volatilisation, N2O emission and NH3 / N2O ratio of different treatments during the 575 experimental period. Vertical bars are standard error of three replicates. SDW = soil dry weight; CK 576 = Control (without amendments of DAP or biochar); DAP = Di-ammonium phosphate; DAP + AC = 577 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-plant-biomass-and-n-uptake-for-different-treatments-o4860p52.png Table 3: Plant biomass and N uptake for different treatments at the end of experiment 625 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-initial-properties-of-bauxite-processing-2r4yfdem.png Table 1: Selected initial properties of bauxite-processing residue sand (BRS) and applied biochars 608 https://scispace.com/papers/agency-performance-challenges-and-agency-politicization-pyrqy35wd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-models-of-differences-foia-response-times-9bk0vatj.png Table 5. Models of Differences FOIA Response Times https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-days-to-confirm-and-fill-foia-requests-by-1774wcqz.png Figure 3. Average Days to Confirm and Fill FOIA Requests by FOIA Office Location https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-agencies-that-never-responded-to-either-baseline-or-22h4wuq3.png Table 1. Agencies that Never Responded to Either Baseline or Sensitive Request https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-models-of-foia-response-quality-enbvs165.png Table 4. Models of FOIA Response Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-agencies-that-produced-poor-responses-192nv1dg.png Table 2. Examples of Agencies that Produced Poor Responses and Exceed Statutory Time to Respond https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-days-to-fill-baseline-and-sensitive-2kbot38p.png Figure 1. Average Days to Fill Baseline and Sensitive Requests by Politicization https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-accelerated-failure-time-models-of-responses-to-issa-3vsnnlm2.png Table 6. Accelerated Failure Time Models of Responses to Issa Request https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accelerated-failure-time-models-of-foia-responses-3fzqml6g.png Table 3. Accelerated Failure Time Models of FOIA Responses: Politicization and Time to Confirm or Fill FOIA Requests https://scispace.com/papers/ageing-studies-with-micro-strip-gas-chambers-4k4eq54jmd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-materials-of-msgc-plates-used-for-the-irradiation-iwi030bg.png Table 2: Materials of MSGC plates used for the irradiation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-materials-used-for-three-msgc-assembles-r6hx9ejy.png Table 3: Materials used for three MSGC assembles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-clean-gas-mixer-27o3xtwl.png Table 1: Characteristics of the clean gas mixer https://scispace.com/papers/agent-based-decentralized-optimal-charging-strategy-for-plug-yo4cxgflpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-cost-imposed-on-each-customer-in-different-2lx6edhg.png Fig. 4. Total cost imposed on each customer in different scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-customer-4s-load-profile-a-without-ability-to-selling-2sdtz0s9.png Fig. 5. Customer 4’s load profile: (a) Without ability to selling electricity back and (b) With ability to selling electricity back (V2G). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-system-load-and-price-patterns-a-pevs-energy-359l9rwr.png Fig. 3. Total system load and price patterns: (a) PEV’s energy consumption behavior and (b) Difference between dynamic and static pricing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithms-1-2-convergence-behavior-comparison-in-m9hr2ur4.png Fig. 2. Algorithms 1-2 convergence behavior comparison in different situations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-block-diagram-of-applying-the-nash-folk-strategy-r68zehxs.png Fig. 1. The block diagram of applying the Nash Folk strategy on the considered smart micro-grid model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-battery-cost-imposed-to-each-customer-a-battery-s5uvwktr.png Fig. 6. Battery cost imposed to each customer: (a) Battery degradation cost due to the amount of charging/discharging power and (b) Battery degradation cost due to the fluctuations of charging/discharging power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-long-term-performance-of-the-proposed-framework-under-25ydd1wu.png Fig. 7. Long-term performance of the proposed framework under uncertainty of the deriving pattern and the baseline-price: (a) aggregate consumption pattern (b) regret convergence of customer 4. https://scispace.com/papers/agent-based-development-of-multisensory-monitoring-systems-5gtjjmt399 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-data-coupling-diagram-b-agent-role-grouping-diagram-1kclht3t.png Fig. 2. (a) Data coupling diagram; (b) Agent-Role grouping diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-tailgating-interaction-protocol-b-fragment-of-system-18vxpwq9.png Fig. 3. (a) Tailgating interaction protocol; (b) Fragment of system overview diagram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-mapping-information-related-with-prometheus-340s4pgn.png Fig. 4. Example of mapping information related with Prometheus percepts into INGENIAS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-analysis-overview-diagram-b-steps-of-control-2izmrode.png Fig. 1. (a) Analysis overview diagram; (b) Steps of Control Entrance scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-roles-description-c959zlku.png Table 1. Roles description https://scispace.com/papers/agent-based-resource-management-in-hybrid-wireless-networks-l00rp7hvgj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-agent-based-scheme-vo0sg292.png Figure 1. Proposed Agent Based Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-proposed-in-6-tbqvxbw9.png Figure 2. Scheme proposed in [6] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-bandwidth-of-multimedia-file-calls-in-3rx1qke6.png Figure 4. Average bandwidth of multimedia / file calls in proposed scheme as compared to scheme in [6] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computational-effort-involved-in-proposed-scheme-as-17iufzqg.png Figure 5. Computational effort involved in proposed scheme as compared to scheme in [6] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-bandwidth-of-voice-calls-in-proposed-scheme-3pejwimc.png Figure 3. Average bandwidth of voice calls in proposed scheme as compared to scheme in [6] https://scispace.com/papers/aggregation-and-optimization-with-state-dependent-pricing-a-4f80tvc3tg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-for-each-value-of-s-with-increments-s-0-001-we-10imv6yn.png Figure 2. For each value of σ, with increments ∆σ = 0.001, we compute time series Y (i), ∆M(i) with initial conditions Y (0) = ∆M(0) = 0. We do this via a random walk approximation on the discretized space with ∆Y = σ √ ∆t where ∆t = 1/N1. Time t0 − t is normalized to one as t0 − t = N1∆t = 1. Then every N1th pair of (Y (i),∆M(i)) where ∆M(i) = M(iN1) −M((i − 1)N1) and i = 1, ..N2 is taken out of N2N1 pairs to make up our time series. In the simulations reported, N1 = 100, N2 = 10000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-functions-y-s-and-y-s-s-the-line-y-s-is-given-to-362fe6ep.png Figure 1. Functions Y (σ) and ∆Y (σ)/∆σ. The line y = σ is given to facilitate comparison between the two slopes. r = 0.05, γ = 0.5 and c = 0.001, as in Caplin and Leahy (1997). Strategic complementarity is determined by setting α = 0.8. https://scispace.com/papers/agile-stage-gate-and-their-combination-exploring-how-they-19c1e4nbz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-the-measures-in-the-study-1ilemojs.png Table 2. Details of the measures in the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-matrix-3giphode.png Table 4. Correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-from-seemingly-unrelated-regression-models-32cv3twg.png Table 5. Results from seemingly unrelated regression models – speed performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-marginal-effect-of-stage-gate-as-agile-1dwcjlgv.png Figure 1. Average marginal effect of Stage-Gate as Agile-Sprints varies – speed performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-marginal-effect-of-stage-gate-as-agile-2tbgdhpq.png Figure 3. Average marginal effect of Stage-Gate as Agile-Sprints varies – quality performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-marginal-effect-of-stage-gate-as-agile-2cy80k2y.png Figure 2. Average marginal effect of Stage-Gate as Agile-Specification varies – speed performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-from-seemingly-unrelated-regression-models-2xw6nv9m.png Table 8. Results from seemingly unrelated regression models – Agile factors interactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-1f0bel42.png Table 3. Summary statistics https://scispace.com/papers/aging-and-genetic-instability-in-yeast-dyoeriuv46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-yx04damu.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pet1b9py.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-4w4hytsn.png Figure 1. (a) (b) https://scispace.com/papers/agile-methods-for-agile-universities-q3jfbupm03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-principles-behind-the-agile-manifesto-http-1ewpgoqg.png Figure 2. Principles behind the Agile Manifesto (http://agilemanifesto.org/principles.html) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-first-draft-at-an-agile-manifesto-for-a-ytdglrju.png Figure 3. A first draft at an agile manifesto for a university’s teaching mission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-agile-manifesto-http-agilemanifesto-org-1fpb0ksq.png Figure 1. The Agile Manifesto (http://agilemanifesto.org/) https://scispace.com/papers/agricultural-trade-preferences-and-the-developing-countries-570aayepl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-us-tariff-profile-simple-average-2002-2p9ma4ze.png Table 4 US tariff profile (simple average), 2002 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-export-destination-of-developing-countries-products-2fkw1idb.png Table 1 Export destination of developing countries’ products, 2002 https://scispace.com/papers/ai-based-autonomous-control-management-and-orchestration-in-4j5sdydci5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-unserviced-demand-and-cost-gains-for-ai-ltf-ai-mtf-12imzhqs.png TABLE I: Unserviced demand and cost gains for AI-LTF, AI-MTF, and AI-STF and the overall system, for different α values. The percentage of unserviced demand is given by the amount of traffic exceeding the capacity forecasted by AI-LTF, AI-MTF, and AI-STF. Cost gains are computed as the difference between the costs of the traditional and the AI-based approaches over the cost of the traditional approach. The cost of the overall system is computed as the sum of the costs of the three algorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/air-sea-transfer-of-highly-soluble-gases-over-coastal-waters-3ssy22xnyi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gas-transfer-velocities-of-so2-and-h2o-from-1ejqf6zq.png Figure 3. Gas transfer velocities of SO2 and H2O from simultaneous observations at the Duck pier during onshore airflow and neutral to unstable conditions, compared to gas transfer models. Upper: field observations. Lower: gas transfer velocities (mean ± 1σ) bin averaged by u* in 0.05 m/s bins. The black lines on both plots are total (two‐way) linear regressions, with dashed upper and lower 95% confidence bounds. The colored lines are from air/sea gas transfer models, as follows (see text for abbreviations): COAREG 3.6 (blue), DS2016 (red dashed), and D1991 (green). The dashed black line is a wave‐modified version of the COAREG 3.6 using only u*tangential to compute the air side interfacial resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simultaneous-observations-of-gas-transfer-2lf9jhlh.png Figure 2. Simultaneous observations of gas transfer velocities as a function of friction velocity at the Duck pier, compared to several bulk gas transfer parameterizations. All measurements were made during onshore airflow. Upper row: water vapor; bottom row: sulfur dioxide. Left plots: individual flux intervals with linear regression showing 95% confidence bounds (dashed line). Right plots: the same data bin‐averaged by friction velocity in 0.05 m/s bins. The colored lines are from several air/sea gas transfer models, as follows (see text for abbreviations): COAREG 3.6 (blue), DS2016 (red), and D1991 (green). The dashed black line is a wave‐modified version of the COAREG 3.6 using only u*tangential to compute the air side interfacial resistance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-observations-from-the-frf-pier-in-duck-3ssozfjh.png Figure 1. Time series observations from the FRF pier in Duck, North Carolina. For all panels—black points: intervals when kmom, kH2O, and kSO2 passed all quality control; gray points: intervals with data failing one or more quality control criteria. From top: (1) wind speed measured on the eddy covariance boom, “+” symbols across the top indicate intervals when winds were in‐sector (on shore); blue line: FRF tower anemometer (30 m above mean sea level), (2) friction velocity calculated from observed momentum flux, (3) water vapor air/sea flux (FH2O), (4) sulfur dioxide air/sea flux (FH2O), (5) water vapor gas transfer velocity (kH2O), and (6) sulfur dioxide gas transfer velocity (kSO2 ). Time axis is in UTC. https://scispace.com/papers/airline-route-structure-competition-and-network-policy-30d7jag4zw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-second-best-optimal-route-structures-and-comparison-vnaoklkr.png Figure 5: Second-best optimal route structures and comparison with the first-best case. Main parameterization (see Appendix A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-second-best-tolls-rationale-and-decentralization-of-1sn2cghb.png Figure 6: Second-best tolls’ rationale and decentralization of the second-best optimum. Main parameterization (see Appendix A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-network-3imsyqy7.png Figure 1: Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-parameter-values-brtaok3w.png Table A.1: Parameter values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-first-best-tolls-rationale-and-relative-efficiency-lq3qce7d.png Figure 4: First-best tolls’ rationale and relative efficiency of output-based tolling. Main parameterization (see Appendix A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-untolled-equilibrium-in-route-structures-main-3mwkt08b.png Figure 2: Untolled equilibrium in route structures. Main parameterization (see Appendix A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-welfare-maximizing-route-structures-main-1xrc3x6u.png Figure 3: Welfare maximizing route structures. Main parameterization (see Appendix A). https://scispace.com/papers/alcohol-and-hiv-decrease-proteasome-and-immunoproteasome-3xmu3wigod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-hiv-1-infection-on-chymotrypsin-like-1j69phyy.png Fig. 1. Effects of HIV-1 infection on chymotrypsin-like activity and proteasome content in MDM. (A) Chymotrypsin-like activity was measured in HIV-1-infected MDM at days 3, 5, and 9 post-infection. We used 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as an internal standard and Nsuccinyl-LEU-LEU-VAL-TYR-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (LLVY) as a fluorogenic peptide substrate for the PR activity assay. Fluorescence was measured at 390nm (excitation) and 440nm (emission). LLVY activity was expressed in nmol/mg protein. (B) Content of 20S constitutive PR, 19S regulatory (ATPase dependent) subunit of 26S PR, LMP2, and LMP7 subunits of IPR were measured in uninfected or infected MDM at day 9 post-infection. Results were expressed as the ratio of target protein immunoreactivity to that of internal standard a-actin. Values obtained from HIV-1 uninfected MDM were used as controls (normalized to a value of 100%). Each bar was derived from mean value of four replicates ± SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post-test. Representative data from four experiments performed with independent MDM donors are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-etoh-on-chymotrypsin-like-activity-in-mdm-3lx8cj1m.png Fig. 3. Effects of EtOH on chymotrypsin-like activity in MDM. Changes in the proteasomal catalytic activity in MDM at day 9 postinfection after 48h stimulationwith IFN-cwith orwithout simultaneous EtOH treatment. Values represent the mean of four determinations ± SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post-test. Representative data from four experiments performed with independent MDM donors are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-ifn-c-on-proteasome-activity-and-level-of-2i869p5z.png Fig. 2. Effects of IFN-c on proteasome activity and level of expression in MDM. (A) Changes in the proteasomal catalytic activity in MDM (day 9 post-infection) after 48h stimulation with IFN-c. (B) Content of 20S constitutive PR, 19S regulatory (ATPase dependent) subunit of 26S PR, and (C) LMP2 and LMP7 subunits of IPR were measured in uninfected or infected MDM at day 9 post-infection treated for 48h with IFN-c. Results were expressed as the ratio of target protein immunoreactivity to that of internal standard a-actin. Values obtained from HIV-1 uninfected and IFN-c untreated MDM were used as a controls (normalized to a value of 100%). Each bar was derived from mean value of four replicates ± SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post-test. Representative data from four experiments performed with independent MDM donors are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-representation-of-possible-mechanistic-2cjid38h.png Fig. 7. Schematic representation of possible mechanistic pathway derived from the present findings. EtOH induces CYP2E1 activity in uninfected MDM, which in turn metabolizes EtOH, leading to generation of ROS and subsequent decrease in IRP expression and function (shown on left flow chart). Infection of MDM with HIV-1 down regulates PR function and expression of PR/IPR (shown on right flow chart). Both EtOH and HIV-1 impair IPR in MDM and may result in inefficient antigen presentation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effects-of-etoh-on-proteasome-expression-in-mdm-eyk94j65.png Fig. 4. Effects of EtOH on proteasome expression in MDM. Changes in the proteasome expression in MDM (day 9 post-infection) after 48h stimulation with IFN-c with or without simultaneous EtOH treatment. Results were expressed as the ratio of target protein immunoreactivity to that of internal standard, actin. Values obtained from HIV-1 uninfected and IFN-c untreated MDM were used as a controls (normalized to a value of 100%). (A) Ratio of LMP2/actin, (B) LMP7/actin, (C) 20S/actin, and (D) 19S/actin. Each bar was derived from mean value of four replicates ± SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post-test. Representative data from four experiments performed with independent MDM donors are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-etoh-concentrations-on-chymotrypsin-like-3u8bdlfw.png Fig. 5. Effects of EtOH concentrations on chymotrypsin-like activity and virus replication in HIV-1-infected MDM. Changes in PR and RT activities in HIV-1 infected MDM at day 9 post-infection after 8, 24 or 48h treatment without or with different EtOH concentrations. Results obtained from HIV-1 infected MDMwithout EtOH treatment are indicated by ‘‘ EtOH’’ and with EtOH treatment indicated by ‘‘+EtOH.’’ The bar graphs represent the PR activity (left Y axis) and the line graphs above the bars show the RT activity (right Y axis). Values are the mean of four determinations ± SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post-test. Representative data from four experiments performed with independent MDM donors are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effects-of-hiv-1-infection-ifn-c-and-etoh-on-cyp2e1-2sx786wj.png Fig. 6. Effects of HIV-1 infection, IFN-c and EtOH on CYP2E1 activity and content, ROS and their modulation by an antioxidant: (A) CYP2E1 activity (nmol/mg protein) in uninfected or HIV-1 infected MDM (9 day post-infection) after 48h EtOH treatment (25mM). (B) CYP2E1 content determined by Western blots using polyclonal anti-human CYP2E1. Data are expressed as ratio of denstitometric units for intensity of CYP2E1 to aactin. (C) DCF fluorescence was measured in identical MDM donors as specific mean fluorescence intensity per milligram protein. (D) Western blots analyses determined 215kDa nitrated protein immunoreactive species. Relative intensity was expressed as the ratio of nitrated protein to that of aactin band intensity. (E) Chymotrypsin-like activity (LLVY) was assayed in MDM treated with 25mM EtOH or IFN-c (10ng/ml) for 48h followed by 1h incubation with 100lM uric acid. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post-test. Representative data from four experiments with four independent MDM donors are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/alfred-russel-wallace-notes-2-the-spelling-russel-and-3tnqii6bi4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-portion-of-the-wallace-family-prayer-book-showing-3dmu13s4.png Figure 1. Portion of the Wallace family Prayer Book, showing the register of Wallace’s birth, and the apparent erasure of the second l in his name (# George Beccaloni). https://scispace.com/papers/alfred-werner-s-role-in-the-mid-20th-century-flourishing-of-268kbwu2ki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-as-a-percentage-of-inorganic-chemistry-22gaefcx.png Fig. 2. Representation (as a percentage) of inorganic chemistry relative to the total of organic + physical + inorganic. a: Publications in Journal of the American Chemical Society (red circles); presentations at American Chemical Society national meetings (blue squares). b: Members elected to the National Academy of Sciences (green triangles); winners of the ACS Award in Pure Chemistry (black diamonds). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-page-of-ref-14-showing-the-way-werner-typically-xazxdbbc.png Fig. 3. First page of ref. [14], showing the way Werner typically credited his student coworkers. https://scispace.com/papers/algebraic-break-of-image-ciphers-based-on-discretized-1w6nil315k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-plot-of-the-function-a-2xmin-2xmax-xmin-xmax-the-1xe7krzf.png Fig. 1. The plot of the function A : (2xmin,2xmax)? (xmin,xmax). The function wraps around the attractor like modulus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-secret-map-s-i-j-s-z4-z4-z4-2z0q989h.png Table 1 The secret map s(i, j), s : Z4 Z4 ? Z4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-permutation-p2-which-corresponds-to-2-round-2vunm2k5.png Table 2 The permutation p2 which corresponds to 2-round encryption of the pairs (c1,c2) 2 Z4 Z4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-secret-map-s-b-the-revealed-white-and-unrevealed-3nin9u6e.png Fig. 2. (a) The secret map s. (b) The revealed (white) and unrevealed (black) portions of the map after the lone orbits are used. https://scispace.com/papers/alg6-cdg-a-recognizable-phenotype-with-epilepsy-proximal-2l8dra9fk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-information-on-41-alpha-13-glucosyltransferase-1u9c409p.png Table 1 Information on 41 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase congenital disorder of glycosylation (ALG6-CDG) patients, including mutations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-clinical-features-in-the-patient-1n1pvs3o.png Fig. 1 Distribution of clinical features in the patient cohort of 42 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase congenital disorders of glycosylation (ALG6-CDG) cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distal-limb-malformation-in-a-patient-with-36hnpinx.png Fig. 2 Distal limb malformation in a patient with Brachydactyly of the 2-5th toes https://scispace.com/papers/algebraic-signal-processing-theory-cooley-tukey-type-52rgeyu9b4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-chebyshev-polynomials-their-closed-form-cndcos-1gotfuvm.png TABLE 2.1 Chebyshev polynomials, their closed form Cnðcos θÞ, symmetry, and zeros. https://scispace.com/papers/alginate-hydrogels-for-bone-tissue-engineering-from-1xdsmbt1zx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-alginate-chemical-structures-with-different-2blpr8i5.png Fig. 1. Alginate chemical structures with different conformational blocks and their natural extraction sources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chemical-modification-of-alginate-polysaccharide-16ppytqi.png Fig. 4. Chemical modification of alginate polysaccharide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-surface-morphology-of-bioactive-ceramics-used-for-l7671vb0.png Fig. 5. a) Surface morphology of bioactive ceramics used for bone regeneration and b) New bone formation process over a bioactive ceramic material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-alginate-molecular-weight-in-bioink-3lwseo5y.png Fig. 6. Effect of alginate molecular weight in bioink formulation for tissue engineering reproduced with permission from Park et al. (2017) (Copyright Order number 4587600358396). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ionic-gelation-of-alginate-polysaccharides-a-gelling-x3ky7a2f.png Fig. 2. Ionic gelation of alginate polysaccharides a) Gelling mechanisms and b) Egg-box model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-healing-and-consolidation-process-of-damaged-bone-1w7orb3w.png Fig. 3. Healing and consolidation process of damaged bone tissues. https://scispace.com/papers/aligning-basic-to-intermediate-macroeconomics-to-current-2158762yqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inflation-shock-eaizp3p4.png Figure 5: Inflation shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-change-in-mpr-1kacywn4.png Figure 20: Change in MPR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-comparative-steady-state-normal-case-3mrzn8yd.png Figure 19: Comparative steady state (normal case) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-change-in-world-income-i1xel0th.png Figure 23: Change in world income https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-productivity-shock-2j3h85z7.png Figure 4: Productivity shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monetary-policy-impulse-xomzy680.png Figure 3: Monetary policy impulse https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-steady-state-with-gap-driven-mpr-bvttup8r.png Figure 8: Steady state with gap-driven MPR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-change-in-world-interest-rate-mbhh7wh6.png Figure 22: Change in world interest rate https://scispace.com/papers/alkali-activated-binders-based-on-ground-granulated-blast-2uxgdfmgpo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-ggbfs-105-ataiv1jy.png Table 1: Chemical composition of GGBFS 105 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-samples-mix-design-partly-adapted-from-14-116-1vr092wz.png Table 2: Sample’s mix design (partly adapted from [14]) 116 https://scispace.com/papers/all-optical-nrz-to-rz-format-conversion-at-10-gbit-s-with-1-hctlnzr22z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-eye-diagrams-of-a-original-nrz-signal-and-b-clock-x05g5rfg.png Figure 4. Eye diagrams of (a) original NRZ signal and (b) clock control light pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-measured-optical-spectra-before-hnlf-after-hnlf-efnexwhc.png Figure 3. The measured optical spectra before HNLF, after HNLF, and after OBPF1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-output-optical-spectra-from-the-df-hnl-pcf-yrlr4ato.png Figure 10. The output optical spectra from the DF-HNL-PCF when λNRZ=1550 nm and λClock=1555.62 nm, for different input powers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-eye-diagrams-of-the-optical-clock-pulse-at-the-2bw85mi2.png Figure 8. Eye diagrams of the optical clock pulse at the wavelength of (a) λClock=1543nm, (b) λClock=1555.62nm, (c) λClock=1558.45nm, and (d) λClock=1560.65nm, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-optical-spectra-before-pcf-after-pcf-after-axz717d3.png Figure 9. The optical spectra before PCF, after PCF, after OBPF2, OBPF3, OBPF4 and OBPF5 for optical NRZ-toRZ format conversion with wavelength of a clock light at (a) λClock=1543nm, (b) λClock=1555.62nm, (c) λClock=1558.45nm, and (d) λClock=1560.65nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-operational-principle-of-the-nrz-to-rz-format-20w18g3m.png Figure 1. Operational principle of the NRZ-to-RZ format converter based on XPM and FWM in a DF-HNL-PCF. OC: optical coupler, HP-EDFA: high power erbium-doped fiber amplifier, OS: optical splitter, OBPF: optical bandpass filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-eye-diagrams-of-the-converted-rz-signal-for-a-the-i9joqd0w.png Figure 6. Eye diagrams of the converted RZ signal for (a) the blue-shifted sideband (RZ1) at λ=1549.25nm, (b) the red-shifted sideband (RZ2) at λ=1550.70 nm, (c) FWM1 (RZ3) at λ=1540.21nm, and (d) FWM2 (RZ4) at https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-measured-results-of-a-q-factor-and-b-er-of-the-1ev4edqs.png Figure 11. The measured results of (a) Q-factor and (b) ER of the converted RZ signals on multicasting channels 1, 2, 3 and 4 under the condition of different input powers. https://scispace.com/papers/allocation-of-active-power-reserve-from-active-distribution-335lofzla3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-general-structure-of-a-bus-of-the-transmission-2y62lu8h.png Fig. 1. The General structure of a bus of the transmission system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-model-of-power-plant-connected-to-bus-from-tso-1tt8s9y2.png Fig. 3. The model of power plant 𝑘 connected to bus 𝑖, from TSO point of view. The notation refers to time interval 𝑡 and scenario 𝑠. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-general-structure-of-arads-connected-to-bus-the-2qfb1vej.png Fig. 2. The general structure of ARADS ℎ connected to bus 𝑖. The notation refers to time interval 𝑡 and scenario 𝑠 [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-booked-power-reserve-capacities-from-aradss-and-dbpps-26jmf363.png Fig. 5. Booked power reserve capacities from ARADSs and DBPPs for case 1 with VOLL = 400 CHF/MWh. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-booked-energy-reserve-capacities-from-aradss-for-case-7r1tusn2.png Fig. 6. Booked energy reserve capacities from ARADSs for case 1 with VOLL = 400 CHF/MWh. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-impact-of-voll-on-the-cost-and-elns-of-the-grid-for-38ocqlrd.png Table II. Impact of VOLL on the cost and ELNS of the grid for case 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-swissgrid-network-topology-1djvmhmb.png Fig. 4. Swissgrid network topology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-impact-of-voll-on-the-cost-and-elns-of-the-grid-for-3bud3lgv.png Table I. Impact of VOLL on the cost and ELNS of the grid for case 1. https://scispace.com/papers/allometric-scaling-relationships-of-jumping-performance-in-4e37sqjc7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationships-between-body-mass-and-jumping-jt7zwhrp.png Table 3.Relationships between body mass and jumping performance parameters in metamorphs of the striped marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationships-between-body-mass-and-snout-vent-femur-27oc5bb7.png Table 4.Relationships between body mass, and snout–vent, femur and tibia length for metamorph and post-metamorphic striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peronii) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-between-body-mass-m-and-a-maximum-takeoff-31toc1mi.png Fig. 5. Relationship between body mass (M) and (A) maximum takeoff velocity (Umax), (B) maximum jump distance (DJ) and (C) bodymass-specific jumping power (Pmax) for metamorph striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peronii) weighing between 0.19 and 0.58 g calculated from jump distance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-calculated-values-of-take-off-velocity-3w3bvcou.png Table 1.Comparison of calculated values of take-off velocity, maximum acceleration and contact time for four Limnodynastes peronii jumps between data simultaneously collected from a force platform and high-speed cine camera (film) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationships-between-body-mass-and-various-2a3n2g99.png Table 2.Relationships between body mass and various parameters of jumping performance in post-metamorphic striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peronii) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-body-mass-m-and-a-maximum-jumping-1pykekok.png Fig. 3. Relationship between body mass (M) and (A) maximum jumping force (Fmax) and (B) maximum jumping acceleration (Amax) for post-metamorphic striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peronii) weighing between 2.9 and 38.4 g recorded with a force platform at 1000 Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/almost-zero-logic-implementation-of-troika-hash-function-on-2928vnd1ph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-sponge-construction-1fho8gym.png Fig. 1. Overview of sponge construction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-naming-convention-for-troika-state-9x3x27-cuboid-2yw4ofxi.png Fig. 2. Naming convention for Troika state (9x3x27 cuboid) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-data-flow-of-troika-fpga-implementation-264o4uzn.png Fig. 5. Data flow of Troika FPGA implementation https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-troika-hash-function-implementation-results-on-307nypva.png TABLE I TROIKA HASH FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS ON XILINX ARTIX-7 (XC7A12TCPG238-3) FPGA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-truth-tables-for-ternary-addition-left-and-3d1mqgz8.png Fig. 4. Truth tables for ternary addition (left) and multiplication (right) using the selected representation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ternary-trit-wise-addition-left-and-multiplication-2seuohf7.png Fig. 3. Ternary trit-wise addition (left) and multiplication (right) operations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-block-diagram-troika-fpga-implementation-10mw7oq6.png Fig. 6. Block Diagram Troika FPGA implementation https://scispace.com/papers/alpha-fair-dynamic-spectrum-management-for-qrd-based-4alscrpmcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-data-rate-distribution-as-a-cdf-obtained-by-a-0-1-10-3lgiub3b.png Fig. 5. Data rate distribution as a CDF obtained by α = {0, 1, 10, 150}-fair SOS and DO for a N = 10 G.fast cable binder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fairness-performance-trade-off-in-a-n-10-g-fast-cable-8lb59ihq.png Fig. 6. Fairness-performance trade-off in a N = 10 G.fast cable binder. αfair DSM with jointly optimization of the UEO and PA is more powerful than merely combining UEO with a simplified scaling such as the CNBS [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-convergence-in-terms-of-mean-rate-and-min-rate-of-2dy89hn8.png Fig. 7. The convergence in terms of mean-rate and min-rate of α-SOS for various α-values. The data-rates obtained by DO are given as reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-mean-rate-and-min-rate-versus-the-number-of-users-3kjxpcfr.png Fig. 8. The mean-rate and min-rate versus the number of users for various UEO methods in a 10-line G.fast cable binder. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-computational-complexity-comparison-2h9gvjlt.png TABLE I COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-number-of-outer-iterations-i1-required-for-a-fair-13qpa3rl.png TABLE II NUMBER OF OUTER ITERATIONS I1 REQUIRED FOR α-FAIR SOS AND DBO FOR A 10-USER G.FAST SCENARIO (SEE SECTION V-B) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-direct-and-crosstalk-channel-magnitude-characteristics-cgdkpz4p.png Fig. 2. Direct and crosstalk channel magnitude characteristics of measured 10-line 80m cable binder. Values are smoothed by averaging over 1 MHz bin. https://scispace.com/papers/alpha-particle-radiobiological-experiments-using-thin-cr-39-56q5p05qgh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-images-of-stained-dna-on-a-cr-39-detector-the-cells-fyzlbxj5.png Figure 1. Images of stained DNA on a CR-39 detector. The cells were irradiated with alpha particles with a fluence of about 12,700 alpha particles per cm2 (with an incident energy of 5.0 0.5 MeV on the CR-39 detector, and 3.0(þ0.1, 0.2) MeV on the cells). The three comets are circled. https://scispace.com/papers/alternating-current-conduction-properties-of-thermally-3tsw5vcqz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-ac-conductivity-s-in-a-thin-1knl96cj.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of ac conductivity~s! in a thin film of a-NiPc maintained under high vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-dependence-ofvmin-on-absolute-temperature-t-for-a-a-1yauxabr.png FIG. 11. Dependence ofvmin on absolute temperature~T! for a a-NiPc film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-of-loss-factor-tand-as-a-function-of-u587vygl.png FIG. 10. Variation of loss factor (tand) as a function of frequency~f ! evaluated at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-nipc-in-the-form-22hikgqo.png FIG. 1. Typical x-ray diffraction patterns of NiPc in the form of sing crystals, as-deposited and annealed film. Indexing of the peaks for the s crystal was performed assuming a monoclinic type structure, whereas i case of thin film considering a tetragonal type system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependence-of-conductivity-s-as-a-function-of-2pffpqf7.png FIG. 2. Dependence of conductivity~s! as a function of frequency~f ! for an Au/a-NiPc/Au device measured at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-dependence-of-capacitance-c-on-frequency-f-for-an-au-2gibs9z0.png FIG. 14. Dependence of capacitance~C! on frequency~f ! for an Au/aNiPc/Au device obtained underin situ, after exposure to dry air for 138 h and after heat treatment of the film~395 K! in high vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-dependence-of-capacitance-c-on-frequency-f-at-2vnkwdgy.png FIG. 13. Dependence of capacitance~C! on frequency~f ! at different exposure times of thea-NiPc film to dry air. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependence-of-index-s-measured-for-an-au-th6q1feh.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependence of index~s! measured for an Au/aNiPc/Au device in the frequency range 1002104 Hz. Inset illustrates the lowering of the barrier height for two closely spaced charged centres in CBH model employed. https://scispace.com/papers/alternative-precursors-for-the-synthesis-of-binary-sb2e3-and-3spwhzzi9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-edx-results-of-the-sb2e3-and-bi2e3-nanoparticles-3bnarunq.png Table 2. EDX results of the Sb2E3 and Bi2E3 nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/papers/alternative-approaches-to-space-curve-analysis-using-the-hs15iz6jlb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cartoon-of-the-unresampled-points-being-carried-3f24avf0.png Figure 1. Cartoon of the unresampled points being carried along in a rigid rotation and scaling into Procrustes space with the resampled points. The points on the original curves (small spheres and rhomboids) are carried along with the resampled points (large spheres and rhomboids). The curves AC and BD are projected into the Procrustes space as ac and bd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pca-and-cva-for-the-nonuniform-curve-relaxation-10hdlpnr.png Figure 7. PCA and CVA for the nonuniform curve relaxation data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-unresampled-points-projected-into-the-space-of-hqg813eu.png Figure 3. The unresampled points projected into the space of the resampled and Procrustes aligned points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cartoon-of-the-construction-of-the-mean-line-points-3mzqfmhi.png Figure 2. Cartoon of the construction of the mean line points and tangents. The base of the large rocket is placed at the mean of the resampled points, and the point of the large rocket illustrates the tangent. This becomes the normal to the plane, and the points on the unresampled line are relaxed onto the plane, illustrated by the small rockets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pca-and-cva-for-the-sliding-data-set-1ouiq1y2.png Figure 6. PCA and CVA for the sliding data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-resampled-points-and-the-mean-line-3pcc29tv.png Figure 4. The resampled points and the mean line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-nonuniform-curve-relaxation-points-and-the-mean-gb7k10gz.png Figure 5. The nonuniform curve relaxation points and the mean line. https://scispace.com/papers/alzheimer-cells-on-their-way-to-derailment-show-selective-2jfkc52o5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ubiquitin-ligases-largely-unaffected-in-ad-heat-map-16neymcq.png FIGURE 9 | Ubiquitin ligases largely unaffected in AD. Heat map of components of the ubiquitin ligases in different brain regions. Numbers represent the fold change in AD brains versus controls, indicated per brain region (blue gradient; white, no change; decrease, red gradient). Gray boxes represent unavailable data. FDR values are indicated as percentage. (A–C) E1, E2 and E3 ubiquitin ligases do not show any notable difference in protein levels in AD affected brain regions. (D–F) Components of the base and lid of the proteasome do not show any notable difference in protein levels in any of the brain regions. Some co-factors of the proteasome, such as Usp14 and Uch37, are slightly decreased in AD brain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-approach-schematic-rjq68lx9.png FIGURE 1 | Schematic representation of approach. Schematic overview of the rational of our analysis. (A) Protein expression levels were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Proteome Database and compared between 9 AD brains and 9 age-matched control brains (Xu et al., 2019). Heat-map was created to illustrate the protein level changes according to brain region. (B) Schematic representation of analyzed brain regions. Brain regions are colored along a gray gradient by affectedness, ranging from mostly unaffected (cerebellum, light gray) to mildly affected (sensory and motor cortex, medium gray), to severely affected (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and cingulate gyrus, dark gray). https://scispace.com/papers/alzheimer-s-disease-in-humans-and-other-animals-a-1ylwyecndi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lifespan-and-reproductive-span-across-a-range-of-1kgsp4co.png Table 1: Lifespan and reproductive span across a range of animals (adapted from Cohen [46]) https://scispace.com/papers/ambulatory-assessment-of-psychophysiological-stress-among-4aj53o7wqj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-about-here-192-materials-and-measures-193-15y1ldjk.png FIGURE 1 ABOUT HERE 192 Materials and measures 193 Physiological data 194 For physiological data collection, a wearable t-shirt incorporating an ECG monitor - 195 VitalJacket® was used (Cunha, 2010; 2012) (see Figure 2). The VitalJacket® is a wearable bio-196 monitoring device that provides real-time ECG at a sampling rate of 500 Hz, through one lead 197 and a three axis Accelerometer (ACC). The ACC is an inertial sensor that measures body´s 198 acceleration in 3-axis (x,y,z). Particularly, when a body changes its position the ACC is able to 199 measure this change, as well as the intensity of the movement. In terms of participants’ activity, 200 the ACC gives a movement/activity intensity indication. In terms of mathematics, a simple 201 https://scispace.com/papers/ambient-wood-smoke-exposure-and-respiratory-symptoms-in-2yqmp4qzsd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-participants-for-the-study-cohort-1uf1rxtl.png Table 1 Characteristics of participants for the study cohort in Launceston and Hobart. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-respiratory-symptoms-experienced-in-the-last-12-27r2z5ki.png Table 4 Respiratory symptoms experienced in the last 12 months in Launceston compared toHobart. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-subgroup-of-participants-who-34q8pwxc.png Table 2 Characteristics of the subgroup of participants who reported a doctor-diagnosed chronic respiratory disease. Note that some participants reported more than one disease diagnosis, so total number of disease diagnoses exceeded 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-the-subgroup-of-participants-who-34m7ho8s.png Table 3 Characteristics of the subgroup of participants who reported actively using a wood heater or open fireplace in their home. https://scispace.com/papers/amchitka-island-alaska-special-sampling-project-1997-3lr97vscvd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-americium-241-concentrations-fci-g-dry-wt-2-se-1xtdq9x8.png Figure 3-3 Americium-241 Concentrations (fCi/g dry wt ± 2 SE) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-sampling-locations-on-amchitka-island-with-359rqv5z.png Table 4-3 Sampling Locations on Amchitka Island with Elevated Radionuclide Concentrations in Freshwater Mosses and Algae https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-amchitka-island-special-sampling-project-dry-2wmnapyt.png Table 2-2 Amchitka Island Special Sampling Project Dry Weights, Ash Weights, and Ash/Dry Ratios (Page 2 of 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-amchitka-island-special-sampling-project-dry-2h0bzlfs.png Table 2-2 Amchitka Island Special Sampling Project Dry Weights, Ash Weights, and Ash/Dry Ratios (Page 2 of 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-amchitka-island-special-sampling-event-alpha-yokqv8uc.png Table 3-2 Amchitka Island Special Sampling Event Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in Biota https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-amchitka-island-special-sampling-project-sample-2mfkztaq.png Table 2-1 Amchitka Island Special Sampling Project Sample Types and Environmental Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-amchitka-island-special-sampling-event-gamma-1v7rfk6u.png Table 3-1 Amchitka Island Special Sampling Event Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides in Biota https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-239-240pu-concentrations-pci-g-ash-in-greenpeace-14w4rauw.png Table 3-4 239+240Pu Concentrations (pCi/g ash) in Greenpeace 1996 Samples and 240Pu/239Pu Atom Ratios Determined by TIMS Methodology https://scispace.com/papers/amanita-phalloides-poisoning-mechanisms-of-toxicity-and-3803fepwy4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simplified-model-of-a-amanitin-transport-and-main-bbiyu921.png Fig. 4. Simplified model of α-amanitin transport and main toxic mechanism in hepatocytes. α-Amanitin accumulation occurs in the liver upon uptake via an organic aniontransporting octapeptide (OATP1B3) located in the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes. Once in the hepatocyte, α-amanitin binds to RNA polymerase II causing inhibition of its activity. The α-amanitin binding site is located in the interface of Rpb1and Rpb2 subunits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-crystal-structure-of-10-subunit-rna-polymerase-ii-in-25wg8d4x.png Fig. 5. Crystal structure of 10 subunit RNA polymerase II in complex with α-amanitin. Crystal structure elucidates some of the key atomic contacts that contribute to RNA polymerase II inhibition. RNA polymerase II residues interacting with α-amanitin are located entirely in the bridge helix (magenta). α-Amanitin binds directly through a hydrogen bond with bridge helix residue Glu822 and indirectly with bridge helix residue His816. The α-amanitin and residues Glu822 and His816 are in the licorice representation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-signaling-pathways-involved-in-a-amanitin-induced-uos02bhu.png Fig. 6. Signaling pathways involved in α-amanitin-induced toxicity. The main toxicity mechanism of α-amanitin is the inhibition of RNA polymerase II. Other mechanisms have been suggested and include the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress related damage. Generation of ROS may also be induced by increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and inhibition of catalase activity. Amatoxins may act synergistically with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), to induce apoptosis, though the underlying mechanisms are not yet known. Amatoxins-induced apoptosis may also be caused by the translocation of p53 to the mitochondria causing alteration of mitochondrial membrane permeability through formation of complexes with protective proteins (Bcl-xL and Bcl-2). These changes result in the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Question marks indicate that the mechanisms that remain unknown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structure-of-phallotoxins-1a0l1z2r.png Fig. 1. Chemical structure of phallotoxins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chemical-structure-of-virotoxins-136uu51l.png Fig. 2. Chemical structure of virotoxins. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-clinical-therapy-in-amatoxins-poisoning-1xegdqw9.png Table 3 Summary of clinical therapy in amatoxins poisoning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ld50-values-for-amatoxins-phallotoxins-and-2u7sx37h.png Table 2 LD50 values for amatoxins, phallotoxins, and virotoxins in different species and administration routes. https://scispace.com/papers/ammonia-abatement-strategies-in-livestock-production-a-case-2ht2px363c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reduced-cost-of-housing-production-systems-in-unit-3nzuyfs6.png Figure 5 Reduced cost of housing production systems in unit 2 at varying significant contribution limits https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-production-techniques-n-emissions-net-margins-and-3hdk84ok.png Table 1 Production techniques, N emissions, net margins and data sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reduced-cost-of-housing-production-systems-in-unit-2evtsyzv.png Figure 6 Reduced cost of housing production systems in unit 4 at varying significant contribution limits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emissions-of-nh3-n-associated-with-the-poultry-x6g6jcrl.png Figure 2 Emissions of NH3-N associated with the poultry installation achieving a range of significant contribution limits for the deposition of NH3-N on the nature reserve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cost-in-terms-of-net-margin-not-achieved-of-3cunwrer.png Figure 3 The cost (in terms of net margin not achieved) of meeting a range of significant contribution limits for the deposition of NH3-N on the nature reserve https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-net-margin-for-manure-according-to-its-dry-matter-3f3pk2t3.png Table 2 Net margin for manure according to its dry matter content https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-production-strategies-at-each-unit-under-30mjd9mv.png Figure 4 Optimal production strategies at each unit under varying significant contribution limits of NH3-N as determined from the LP model. Note that the SCL of 11 kg N ha-1 year-1 represents the baseline scenario at the installation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unit-characteristics-n-emissions-and-deposition-data-1quw0kof.png Table 3 Unit characteristics, N emissions and deposition data for all farm units in the case study installation https://scispace.com/papers/amplification-success-of-multilocus-genotypes-from-feathers-i0lo9ync2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bootstrapped-mean-1000-iterations-of-concentration-hhawsmsq.png Table 2. Bootstrapped mean (1000 iterations) of concentration (ng/µl) and ratio (260/280) for the two categories of feathers: Shot and Collected. The confidence intervals are the Bias Corrected intervals (BCa). The sample sizes for Shot and Collected are n = 42 and n = 36 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compilation-of-the-microsatellite-markers-used-109y56fl.png Table 1. Compilation of the microsatellite markers used arranged in multiplexes. Size is given in base pairs (bp); spacing is the repeat number of the microsatellite, also in bp. PCR Amplification success is given in percent for both sampling categories of feathers: shot/collected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-median-number-of-missing-loci-line-though-boxes-and-ki15nigo.png Figure 1. Median number of missing loci (line though boxes) and 75% (boxes), 95% (error bars) and outlier observations (points) for shot and collected samples. (n = 80 and n = 65 respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/ammonia-emissions-from-biomass-burning-37edhz9r9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentrations-of-nh3-and-co-in-the-plumes-from-the-1ardgse4.png TABLE 2. Concentrations of NH3 and CO in the Plumes from the Fires and in the Ambient Air https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fires-examined-in-study-gbnb69s3.png TABLE 1. Fires Examined in Study https://scispace.com/papers/an-ab-initio-study-of-sbh-2-and-bih-2-the-renner-effect-spin-2yy697oh9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-experimentally-observed-q-head-positions-nobs-cm-1-2eb9sukj.png Table 8: Experimentally observed Q-head positions ν̃obs (cm−1) in the Ã2A1 ← X̃2B1 absorption spectrum of SbH2 [20] compared to vibronic energy spacings ν̃calc (cm−1) of 121SbH2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-calculated-rovibronic-term-values-in-cm-1-for-bq4jov3b.png Table 5: Calculated rovibronic term values (in cm−1) for selected (v1, v2, v3) states of X̃2B1 121SbHD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rotational-term-level-diagram-for-the-vibrational-20csuiry.png Figure 7: Rotational term level diagram for the vibrational ground state of X̃2B1 121SbH2. The energies are plotted relative to the highest energy in each J manifold. The term values are colour-coded according to the symmetry of the state in the molecular symmetry group [38, 52] C2v(M): A1 (red), A2 (black), B1 (blue), and B2 (green). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-calculated-rovibronic-term-valuesa-in-cm-1-for-2jbp9sgc.png Table 6: Calculated rovibronic term valuesa (in cm−1) for selected (v1, v2, v3) states of 121SbH2, 121SbD2, and 121SbHD in the Ã2A1 electronic state. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-ab-initio-dipole-and-transition-moment-32qnmy7i.png Table 2: The ab initio dipole and transition moment parameters for the X̃ and à electronic states of SbH2 (see Eqs. (10)–(14)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-infrared-absorption-spectrum-of-x2b1-121sbh2-aya43ej4.png Figure 4: The infrared absorption spectrum of X̃2B1 121SbH2 and 123SbH2 in natural abundance, simulated at a temperature of T = 300 K. States with J ≤ 19/2 are taken into account. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-a2a1-x2b1-electronic-absorption-spectrum-of-2kxpvz31.png Figure 5: The Ã2A1 ← X̃2B1 electronic absorption spectrum of 121SbH2 and 123SbH2 in natural abundance, simulated at a temperature of T = 300 K. States with J ≤ 19/2 are taken into account. The experimentally determined Q-branch-head positions [20] for the vibronic bands Ã(0, v′2, 0) ← X̃(0, 0, 0) (v′2 = 0, 1, . . . , 6; see Table 8) are indicated by the red part of the wavenumber comb, whereas the black part (v′2 = 7, 8, 9, 10) indicates the theoretically predicted positions of Q-branches that have not been experimentally observed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-nonzero-potential-energy-parameters-in-cm-1-1ldz7clh.png Table 1: The nonzero potential energy parameters (in cm−1 unless otherwise indicated) for the X̃ 2B1 and à 2A1 states of SbH2 [see Eqs. (1)–(4)]. https://scispace.com/papers/an-accurate-self-starting-initial-value-solvers-for-second-17bhogi394 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-exact-solutions-the-computed-results-and-the-f0tnebkh.png Table 3: The exact solutions, the computed results and the absolute errors from problems 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-exact-solutions-the-computed-results-and-the-3pslgohf.png Table 2: The exact solutions, the computed results and the absolute errors from problems 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-exact-solutions-the-computed-results-and-the-272wxvlq.png Table 1: The exact solutions, the computed results and the absolute errors from problems 1 https://scispace.com/papers/an-adaptive-method-for-data-reduction-in-the-internet-of-4ikt04qsr2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-am-dr-prediction-error-of-mote-11-1kze81jh.png Figure 5. AM-DR: prediction error of mote 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-am-dr-percentage-of-transmitted-data-by-mote-1-11-1pazwuc8.png Figure 8. AM-DR: percentage of transmitted data by mote 1, 11, 13, 49 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-baseline-prediction-error-of-mote-11-23kulptq.png Figure 6. Baseline: prediction error of mote 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-am-dr-percentage-of-transmitted-data-by-mote-11-21twfqwd.png Figure 7. AM-DR: percentage of transmitted data by mote 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-baseline-vs-am-dr-percentage-of-transmitted-data-by-gqgikean.png Figure 9. Baseline Vs AM-DR :percentage of transmitted data by mote 30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-baseline-real-and-predicted-sensor-readings-of-mote-1wwv7qd1.png Figure 4. Baseline: real and predicted sensor readings of mote 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-am-dr-real-and-predicted-sensor-readings-of-mote-11-1ldo7dia.png Figure 3. AM-DR: real and predicted sensor readings of mote 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-clustered-view-for-mica2dot-sensors-with-weather-3g4bgqa3.png Figure 2. A clustered view for Mica2Dot sensors with weather boards at Intel Berkeley Research lab https://scispace.com/papers/an-adaptive-robust-predictive-current-control-for-three-2xqeq90eem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-gains-and-transfer-functions-of-the-flyback-ur52msk8.png TABLE III GAINS AND TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF THE FLYBACK CONTROL https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-expressions-of-the-small-signal-model-parameters-ipuv9768.png TABLE II EXPRESSIONS OF THE SMALL-SIGNAL MODEL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shows-the-overall-control-structure-of-the-proposed-pv-2r0eomxg.png Fig 2. shows the overall control structure of the proposed PV inverter system. Its most important parameters are summarized in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shows-the-small-signal-model-of-the-flyback-converter-1xnlape2.png Fig. 5 shows the small-signal model of the Flyback converter in DCM with PCC, obtained by using the model of the PWM switch in DCM [27] and the PCC modeling explained in [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/an-adaptive-spectrum-detection-mechanism-for-cognitive-radio-3rxb4lgfez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-two-types-of-error-probabilities-114n3sut.png Fig. 4. Comparison of the two types of error probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-error-probability-pe-under-various-scenarios-21fqgio3.png Fig. 3. Mean error probability Pe under various scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-channel-occupancy-and-idle-probabilities-p-h1-and-12zq8uzf.png Fig. 2. Mean channel occupancy and idle probabilities P (H1) and P (H0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-state-transition-diagrams-for-the-markov-process-x1-t-3tm5hll6.png Fig. 1. State transition diagrams for the Markov process (X1(t), X2(t)). https://scispace.com/papers/an-ahp-analytic-hierarchy-process-anp-analytic-network-3i8igir67i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-influence-matrix-1vw9eq9k.png Table 4.- Influence Matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-criteria-influence-in-the-anp-model-p2zli3y9.png Table 14.- Criteria influence in the ANP Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sensitivity-analysis-of-l3c42-quantity-of-19un546n.png Figure 10.- Sensitivity analysis of L3C42 (Quantity of available water) with SuperDecisions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hierarchy-model-in-level-2-2u51cbal.png Figure 6.- Hierarchy model in Level 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-influence-analysis-of-criterion-l3c42-quantity-of-rhnqo6ya.png Figure 11.- Influence analysis of criterion L3C42 (Quantity of available water) in the weighted supermatrix. ANP Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-level-3-criteria-priorities-ahp-model-ohwfm8eg.png Table 10.- Level 3 criteria priorities. AHP Model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-comparison-of-weights-in-ahp-and-anp-ao76p7q1.png Table 15.– Comparison of Weights in AHP and ANP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-sensitivity-analysis-l3c42-influences-a-with-209hlaiw.png Figure 14.- Sensitivity analysis: L3C42 influences A with SuperDecisions https://scispace.com/papers/an-algorithm-for-fast-mining-top-rank-k-frequent-patterns-4zk8lfgank 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-characteristics-of-the-experimental-datasets-2430i424.png Table 6. Characteristics of the experimental datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-final-results-for-tab4-34soa5r7.png Table 5. Final results for Tab4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-number-of-returned-item-sets-for-each-real-dataset-33le729i.png Table 7. Number of returned item sets for each real dataset(min_sup=5%, rank=100) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-database-db-3tk5u15j.png Table 1. A database DB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rank-of-the-items-in-db-14lqp98f.png Table 2. Rank of the items in DB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-sorted-database-db-2cpvfare.png Table 3. The sorted database DB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tab4-after-2-patterns-inserted-atvip6n3.png Table 4. Tab4 after 2-patterns inserted. https://scispace.com/papers/an-alternative-theory-of-imprecision-3pfsug8x69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-about-3fbhjeir.png Table 1 Distribution of about https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ruler-as-a-model-of-scale-granularity-3tfnas9s.png Figure 1 The ruler as a model of scale granularity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scalar-ranges-corresponding-to-comparative-2jdj23jf.png Figure 2 Scalar ranges corresponding to comparative statements https://scispace.com/papers/an-analysis-of-oil-production-by-opec-countries-persistence-9urhb7y1gp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-the-parameters-in-the-presence-of-2flf2kz0.png Table 4: Estimates of the Parameters in the Presence of Outliers with White Noise ut https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-parameters-in-the-presence-of-outliers-gck4h2x5.png Table 5: Estimates of Parameters in the Presence of Outliers with Autocorrelated ut https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-95-confidence-bands-and-estimates-of-d-in-a-model-11d3xnw4.png Table 3: 95% Confidence Bands and Estimates of d in a Model with Autocorrelated (Bloomfield) ut https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-plots-2ianzsce.png Figure 1: Time Series Plots https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-oil-production-volatility-13be3cnn.png Table 7: Oil Production Volatility https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimates-of-d-in-the-presence-of-structural-breaks-m0ui2ccs.png Table 6: Estimates of d in the Presence of Structural Breaks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-opec-countries-oil-production-1ujx1ld2.png Table 1: OPEC Countries Oil Production https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-95-confidence-bands-and-estimates-of-d-in-a-model-1eu4uo1k.png Table 2: 95% Confidence Bands and Estimates of d in a Model with White Noise ut https://scispace.com/papers/an-analysis-of-composite-beams-by-means-of-hierarchical-5gf3bs0upl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dimensionless-stresses-for-a-short-simply-supported-2ompks5m.png Table 7 Dimensionless stresses for a short simply supported beam under a surface bending load via FEM 1D and FEM PGD 1D solutions, 121 nodes and Nc ¼ 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dimensionless-displacement-ux-colour-map-at-x-l-1-4-0-3iarg4u7.png Fig. 8. Dimensionless displacement ux colour map at x=l ¼ 0 cross-section via (a) proposed solution with N ¼ 12;Nc ¼ 6 and B4 and (b) FEM 3D-R model in a short beam. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dimensionless-displacement-uz-colour-map-at-x-l-1-4-1-2bbpnw9a.png Fig. 9. Dimensionless displacement uz colour map at x=l ¼ 1=2 cross-section via (a) proposed solution with N ¼ 12;Nc ¼ 6 and B4 and (b) FEM 3D-R model in a short beam. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-dimensionless-stress-rxx-colour-map-at-x-l-1-4-1-2-2hhvsjoe.png Fig. 16. Dimensionless stress rxx colour map at x=l ¼ 1=2 cross-section via (a) proposed solution with N ¼ 14;Nc ¼ 11 and B4 and (b) FEM 3D-R model in a short box beam. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-dimensionless-stress-rxy-colour-map-at-x-l-1-4-0-2ib7tfkd.png Fig. 17. Dimensionless stress rxy colour map at x=l ¼ 0 cross-section via (a) proposed solution with N ¼ 14;Nc ¼ 11 and B4 and (b) FEM 3D-R model in a short box beam. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-dimensionless-stress-rxz-colour-map-at-x-l-1-4-0-n81ektst.png Fig. 18. Dimensionless stress rxz colour map at x=l ¼ 0 cross-section via (a) proposed solution with N ¼ 14;Nc ¼ 11 and B4 and (b) FEM 3D-R model in a short box beam. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-assembling-procedure-of-the-axial-finite-element-3caslzh5.png Fig. 3. Assembling procedure of the axial finite element problem Dx at element level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-assembling-procedure-of-the-cross-section-problem-dx-3k6r97xz.png Fig. 2. Assembling procedure of the cross-section problem DX at element level. https://scispace.com/papers/an-analysis-of-ieee-802-11-dcf-and-its-application-to-energy-517jryztwc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-illustration-of-calculation-of-nav-setting-3bu644oa.png Fig. 10. Illustration of calculation of NAV setting probabilities based on fixed-slot notion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-epb-with-idle-energy-consumption-versus-minimum-218ppr3x.png Fig. 9. EPB with idle energy consumption versus minimum contention window W0, for h ¼ f1; 2; 3; 6g and o ¼ f0:5; 4; 60g packets/sec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-calculation-of-p-1h3p0cs8.png Fig. 4. Illustration of calculation of p. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-epb-with-idle-energy-versus-processing-power-for-a-o-1-3uabi5fq.png Fig. 8. EPB with idle energy versus processing power for (a) o ¼ 0:5, (b) o ¼ 4, and (c) o ¼ 60 packets/sec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-idle-overhear-transmit-and-receive-energies-per-bit-998t8y5t.png Fig. 7. Idle, overhear, transmit, and receive energies per bit for (a) direct transmission and (b) multihopping with h ¼ 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-notations-i0qtzrwy.png TABLE 1 List of Notations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-used-for-both-the-analytical-model-and-y7r17tuk.png TABLE 2 Parameters Used for Both the Analytical Model and Simulation Runs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-smc-model-for-the-ieee-802-11-dcf-based-node-1ngzirp6.png Fig. 1. SMC model for the IEEE 802.11 DCF based node. https://scispace.com/papers/an-analysis-of-tag-recommender-evaluation-procedures-525oygvdvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-pre-5-scores-over-the-core-level-l-for-publ-337oltve.png Figure 1: The pre@5 scores over the core level l for publ (left) and deli (right) for the five recommenders using modifications of LeavePostOut. The horizontal line depicts the pre@5 value for the raw dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-users-tags-resources-tag-assignments-3is0shqq.png Table 1: The number of users, tags, resources, tag assignments (tas), and posts of the datasets and the levels l chosen for the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mean-pairwise-pearsons-r-the-number-of-5j0c0vci.png Table 2: The mean pairwise Pearson’s r, the number of discordant pairs d in the algorithm rankings on different cores, and their standard deviation σ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-mean-pairwise-pearsons-correlation-r-and-number-13r6iuwv.png Figure 2: The mean pairwise Pearson’s correlation r and number of discordant pairs d over the cut-level k for the metrics rec@k and pre@k. https://scispace.com/papers/an-analysis-of-the-plls-with-secondary-control-path-55tqebrhkb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-small-signal-model-of-the-ffqpll-7-854f0wlv.png Fig. 2. Small signal model of the FFqPLL [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-scheme-of-the-feedforward-qpll-ffqpll-7-2qt1zj7h.png Fig. 1. Basic scheme of the feedforward qPLL (FFqPLL) [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-small-signal-model-of-the-conventional-srf-pll-2viiekd4.png Fig. 4. The small-signal model of the conventional SRF-PLL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-basic-scheme-of-the-feedforward-frequency-pll-fpll-8-1ehsxwty.png Fig. 3. Basic scheme of the feedforward frequency PLL (FPLL) [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-performance-comparison-between-a-the-fpll-and-its-2b3zbbjx.png Fig. 8. Performance comparison between (a) the FPLL and its small-signal model, (b) the FFqPLL and its small-signal model under a phase-angle jump of +40◦ and a frequency step change of +5 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-bode-plots-of-the-closed-loop-transfer-function-10-3c310py1.png Fig. 10. Bode plots of the closed-loop transfer function (10) for V = 1 pu, kp = 70, ki = 6500 and four different values of ωp : ωp = 0 (solid line), 30 rad/s (dashed line), 300 rad/s (dash-dotted line), and 1000 rad/s (dotted line) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-performance-comparison-between-the-fpll-and-srf-pll-n1z5mcyt.png Fig. 9. Performance comparison between the FPLL and SRF-PLL (FPLL without SCP) when the grid frequency changes linearly with time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-small-signal-model-of-the-fpll-3613xkyj.png Fig. 5. The small-signal model of the FPLL. https://scispace.com/papers/an-analytical-study-on-m-2-tidal-wave-in-the-taiwan-strait-47ayd8c3js 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-southward-a-and-northward-b-propagating-kelvin-1hpxy0qz.png Figure 4. Southward (a) and northward (b) propagating Kelvin waves. Solid lines represent Greenwich phase-lag; dashed lines represent amplitude (in metres). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tidal-system-charts-for-the-m2-constituent-a-1s5q5tvk.png Figure 3. Tidal system charts for the M2 constituent: (a) Present analytical model; (b) Observed distribution based on DTU10; (c) Contribution of Kelvin waves; (d) Contribution of Poincaré modes. Solid lines represent Greenwich phase-lag (in degrees); dashed lines represent amplitude (in metres). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bathymetric-chart-of-the-taiwan-strait-and-its-3kqyp7do.png Figure 1. Bathymetric chart of the Taiwan Strait and its neighbouring area; the rectangle indicates the idealized model basin representing the Taiwan Strait. Isobaths are in metres (based on ETOPO1 from the US National Geophysical Center). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-domain-and-boundary-conditions-of-ex-1-a-28bq7t0m.png Figure 5. Model domain and boundary conditions of Ex. 1 (a); solution of Ex. 1 (b); southward Kelvin waves (c); northward Kelvin waves (d). Solid lines represent Greenwich phase-lag (in degrees); dashed lines represent amplitude (in metres). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-m2-tidal-system-in-the-taiwan-strait-and-its-28onbx1s.png Figure 2. The M2 tidal system in the Taiwan Strait and its neighbouring area (based on DTU10; see Cheng and Andersen, 2011). Solid lines represent the Greenwich phase-lag (in degrees), and dashed lines represent amplitude (in metres). (MT-Matsu, HTHaitan, TC-Taichung). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-fig-5-but-for-ex-2-3pjucqqt.png Figure 6. Same as Fig. 5, but for Ex. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-same-as-fig-5-but-for-ex-3-2ag9scyi.png Figure 7. Same as Fig. 5, but for Ex. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/an-analytical-framework-for-device-to-device-communication-318lu8rze1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-average-system-spectral-efficiency-per-cell-of-the-2vypk1sf.png Fig. 12. Average system spectral efficiency per cell of the underlaying D2D links. The analytical lower bound and exact simulation results are contrasted for different values of K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-with-n-0-8-achievable-average-system-spectral-dcab657r.png Fig. 13. With ν = 0.8, achievable average system spectral efficiency of the underlaid D2D links with a = 0.12 and β = 0, parameterized by µ and aex. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-cdf-of-instantaneous-sir-for-a-cellular-uplink-with-xizzam89.png Fig. 11. CDF of instantaneous SIR for a cellular uplink with underlay, a0 = 0.6, η = 3.5 and K = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-three-situations-considered-in-example-1-a724ogct.png Fig. 2. The three situations considered in Example 1. https://scispace.com/papers/an-application-and-platform-agnostic-runtime-management-4pazeim1xa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-device-level-knobs-and-monitors-for-odroid-xu3-1lcyds9e.png Table 3: Device-level knobs and monitors for Odroid-XU3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-state-of-the-art-frameworks-for-1j5rbpnw.png Table 1: Properties of state-of-the-art frameworks for runtime management of applications on multiprocessor systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-design-space-exploration-of-the-jacobi-application-idugdiuk.png Figure 3: Design-space exploration of the Jacobi application across the Odroid-XU3 and Cyclone V devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-device-temperature-optimisation-under-application-2cy8cpzl.png Figure 2: Device temperature optimisation under application performance constraints using the controller RTM, including dynamic adjustment of the temperature threshold from 80 to 60◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-layer-framework-and-api-enabling-s0xc1z55.png Figure 1: Cross-layer framework and API enabling communication between the application, runtime management and device layers using knobs and monitors. Examples are given for an image filter application on a CPU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-runtime-management-of-the-throughput-of-two-3l4fcc7l.png Figure 4: Runtime management of the throughput of two concurrently-executing applications through the framework. The Jacobi application begins execution at 21 seconds and the device frequency is adjusted to compensate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-total-energy-consumed-by-the-odroid-xu3-245youm2.png Figure 5: Mean total energy consumed by the Odroid-XU3 running the video decoder application under the control of each RTM, both with and without the framework (FW). The experiment was repeated 50 times for each RTM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-application-to-rtm-and-rtm-to-device-api-functions-19h80n2o.png Table 2: Application-to-RTM and RTM-to-device API functions for the proposed framework. https://scispace.com/papers/an-application-ofweb-service-interfaces-5cgzj3e4bh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-auxiliary-set-of-proof-rules-for-specification-ojzgq3e3.png Figure 2. Auxiliary set of proof rules for specification checking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-set-of-proof-rules-for-specification-checking-fc5jw3jz.png Figure 1. Main set of proof rules for specification checking https://scispace.com/papers/an-approach-for-integrating-basic-retiming-and-software-4cvqnt5cfo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schedules-may-differ-in-terms-of-peak-power-ade1b940.png Figure 9. Schedules may differ in terms of peak power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schedule-for-two-functionally-equivalent-graphs-25hhki02.png Figure 6. Schedule for two functionally equivalent graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simple-loop-and-its-directed-cyclic-graph-model-3biynzmu.png Figure 1. A simple loop and its directed cyclic graph model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-unifying-scheduling-and-retiming-to-optimally-solve-1haicozb.png Figure 8. Unifying scheduling and retiming to optimally solve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-right-retiming-for-the-pre-processing-can-2x5fn5uc.png Figure 7. The right retiming for the pre-processing can always be obtained only if retiming and scheduling were unified. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-retiming-figure-1-b-by-assigning-0-0-0-and-1-to-38w8ekws.png Figure 2. Retiming Figure 1 (b) by assigning 0, 0, 0, and 1 to vertices o1, o2, o3, and o4 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solving-problem-1-as-an-optimization-problem-1sq33f5m.png Figure 4. Solving Problem 1 as an optimization problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-software-pipelining-and-its-61r7aa5o.png Figure 3. Illustration of software pipelining and its important parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/an-approach-to-determining-nickel-vanadium-and-other-metal-1gva1eb404 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-certified-ni-and-v-concentrations-in-oil-standards-3frjyvzz.png Table 3. Certified Ni and V concentrations in oil standards supplied by Conostan (± 2 %), and the Ni and V concentrations of these standards determined using the modified ashing-acid digestion-ICP-MS technique developed during the course of this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagrams-showing-the-concentrations-of-ni-a-and-v-b-20d0haov.png Figure 3. Diagrams showing the concentrations of Ni (A) and V (B) measured in five different types of crude oil A, B, C, D and E (see text for further detail). https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-3-empirical-equations-used-in-determining-the-220w9sky.png Table D.3. Empirical equations used in determining the repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) intervals for the IP501 and ASTM D5708 methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-repeatability-and-reproducibility-using-the-ip501-1zcubahg.png Table D.1. Repeatability and reproducibility using the IP501-05 method for a crude oil containing an average of 100 ppm Ni. The variable X represents the mean value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-comparison-of-the-accuracy-and-precision-obtained-39rodqcy.png Figure 4. A comparison of the accuracy and precision obtained from determining Ni and V concentrations using the various direct and indirect methods referred to in this paper (Table 6 reports the data illustrated in this figure and Section C of the supplementary material provides details on how the accuracy and precision were determined; [1] Horeczy et al. (1955), [2] IP 501, [3] ASTM D5708, [4] Filby and Olsen (1994), [5] Murillo and Chirinos (1994), [6] Duyck et al. (2002), [7] ASTM D5708, [8] Ortega et al. (2013), [9] Souza et al. (2006)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-and-compositional-information-for-the-17al2akt.png Table 1. Properties of, and compositional information for, the five natural crude oil samples employed in this study. Crude oils A to E are ordered from the lightest to heaviest based on their specific gravity (API). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketches-showing-the-steps-employed-in-the-ashing-zzoav3ga.png Figure 1. Sketches showing the steps employed in the ashing and chemical oxidation/acid digestion of crude oils in preparing for the analysis of their metal content by ICP-MS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-the-accuracy-and-precision-of-1q12ybfx.png Table 6. Comparison of the accuracy and precision of different analytical methods used to measure the concentrations of Ni and V in crude oil standards. https://scispace.com/papers/an-aptamer-gated-silica-mesoporous-material-for-thrombin-3u3qiejy5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-release-of-rhodamine-b-from-s1-tba-in-accordance-is1jy6ld.png Figure 2. Release of rhodamine B from S1-TBA in accordance with the concentration of α-thrombin added (after 60 min of reaction) in simulated human blood plasma (pH 7.25). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-release-profile-of-rhodamine-b-from-solid-s1-tba-in-18vagtg2.png Figure 1. Release profile of rhodamine B from solid S1-TBA in the absence (a) and presence (b) of α-thrombin (2.89 µM) in simulated human blood plasma (pH 7.25). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fluorescence-of-rhodamine-b-released-from-s1-tba-369ql0vs.png Figure 3. Fluorescence of rhodamine B released from S1-TBA suspensions (in PBS containing 10% human serum) in the presence of αthrombin (56 nM), and a mixture of OVA and BSA (56 nM) after 15 minutes of the addition. For comparative purposes, the release of rhodamine B from the S1-TBA suspensions in PBS containing 10% human serum is also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/an-architecture-for-emergent-semantics-41lex69kz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-semiotic-triangle-27kgeu1l.png Fig. 1. Semiotic triangle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-augmenting-corpus-part-1-with-all-query-terms-querying-1llwslza.png Fig. 4. Augmenting corpus part 1 with all query terms. Querying corpus part 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-augmenting-document-representation-with-all-query-2czux5po.png Fig. 3. Augmenting document representation with all query terms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-architecture-for-emergent-semantics-2ltd240u.png Fig. 2. An architecture for emergent semantics https://scispace.com/papers/an-architectural-view-for-data-protection-by-design-1hu9karnu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-data-flow-diagram-dfd-of-the-patient-monitoring-system-2alsdp59.png Fig. 4. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of the Patient Monitoring System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-data-protection-view-of-the-patient-monitoring-system-3rbph0ax.png Fig. 3. Data Protection View of the Patient Monitoring System (PMS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-dfd-meta-model-uml-class-diagram-3kg0p303.png Fig. 1. The DFD meta-model (UML class diagram). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-alignment-of-the-main-data-protection-abstractions-1kxgozuj.png TABLE I ALIGNMENT OF THE MAIN DATA PROTECTION ABSTRACTIONS AND DFD ELEMENT TYPES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graphical-representation-of-the-correspondences-in-the-3vl75xjo.png Fig. 5. Graphical representation of the correspondences in the example of the Patient Monitoring System DFD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-meta-model-for-the-data-protection-architectural-1t9n5xpt.png Fig. 2. The meta-model for the data protection architectural viewpoint (UML class diagram) The corner of each class includes the icon used in the instance model to more easily make a distinction between the different types. Besides the specified multiplicities, there are some additional constrains imposed, which are listed in Section III-A. https://scispace.com/papers/an-approximate-global-illumination-system-for-computer-4gfl9tlum6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-overview-2k3coz6f.png Figure 2: System overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-a-character-in-interior-lighting-mxryl3ij.png Figure 6: Example of a character in interior lighting conditions. Highly indirect lighting contributions can efficiently be rendered and easily controlled, by letting the artist place lights and bouncing geometry that approximate these effects. Image (a) was rendered simulating a single bounce of indirect light, while image (b) was rendered for comparison with multiple bounces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-render-times-for-a-foreground-character-at-film-and-1szhekhf.png Figure 8: Render times for a foreground character at film and video resolution. The right column shows timing using low quality settings during interactive work. Times are given in hours:minutes:seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-adjusmtents-of-the-indirect-illumination-17tc4bs5.png Figure 7: Example of adjusmtents of the indirect illumination, using a filter light shader. Image (a) is the reference image. Image (b) was rendered increasing the saturation of the indirect lighting. In image (c) the hue of the indirect light was adjusted to provide a warmer feel. The overall brightness on the character’s face was increased using geometric falloffs. In image (d) the directionality was increased to emphasize the lighting coming from the right. Each image took 40 seconds to reshade at video resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-was-rendered-ray-tracing-the-2-million-displaced-1pkckgzn.png Figure 4: (a) was rendered ray tracing the 2 million displaced micropolygons seen in that figure, without using the ray offsetting algorithm. (b) was rendered using the ray offsetting algorithm, ray tracing only 4 thousand polygons, shown in image (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-to-ray-trace-simplified-geometry-we-adjust-the-ray-3ua7z6ve.png Figure 3: To ray trace simplified geometry, we adjust the ray origin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-example-of-a-furry-character-the-fur-receives-the-ue6kc916.png Figure 9: Example of a furry character. The fur receives the same indirect lighting as the skin. Only a rough tessellation of the character skin is ray traced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-bouncing-ball-in-a-cornell-box-rendered-with-giga5kxf.png Figure 5: A bouncing ball in a cornell box rendered with equation (8), using 1000 rays per irradiance sample. (a) and (b) show that most of the lighting on the sphere is indirect. (c) shows a closeup of a bump-mapped complex BRDF. (d) shows the irradiance samples as white pixels when using equation (5) with 5.0=κ . (e) is similar to (d) but uses a bumped normal in equation (4). (f) uses the error function described in [Ward and Heckbert 1992]. The accuracy was adjusted so that image (d) and (f) contain the same number of irradiance samples. Image (f) shows a higher sample density in corner areas. https://scispace.com/papers/an-architecture-for-requirements-driven-self-reconfiguration-4y4xl7whz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-logical-view-on-the-proposed-architecture-for-self-o7bdiy3x.png Fig. 2. Logical view on the proposed architecture for self-reconfiguration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-first-order-logic-rules-to-define-expected-and-doaa5i3v.png Table 1.First-order logic rules to define expected and allowed goalsand tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-timed-activity-diagram-for-monitoring-the-task-prepare-1du359cw.png Fig. 4. Timed activity diagram for monitoring the task “Prepare autonomously”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-enriched-tropos-goal-model-used-by-our-architecture-1qet4or1.png Fig. 1.Enriched Tropos goal model used by our architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contextual-goal-model-describing-the-patient-health-1m3t1861.png Fig. 3. Contextual goal model describing the patient health care scenario. https://scispace.com/papers/an-assessment-of-gas-void-fraction-prediction-models-in-1dgsq1b0dz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-of-top-performing-correlations-for-the-0-5-h1jmz00i.png Figure 7 Results of top performing correlations for the 0.5<α≤0.75 range https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-observed-churn-flow-structures-at-different-flow-ncdysqd5.png Figure 5. Observed churn flow structures at different flow conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-correlation-predictions-at-different-3ogm6ny1.png Table 8. Comparison of correlation predictions at different viscosities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-observed-annular-flow-structures-at-different-flow-1n7vu1ch.png Figure 6. Observed annular flow structures at different flow conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-performance-of-new-correlations-based-on-a-drift-s8nu2j55.png Figure 11. Performance of new correlations based on (a) drift flux and (b) slip ratio methods for highly viscous churn flow data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-criteria-for-satisfactory-performance-1b64hn23.png Table 2. Criteria for satisfactory performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-range-of-flow-conditions-and-the-related-flow-3ufcy8yv.png Table 6. Range of flow conditions and the related flow patterns observed during the current experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-range-of-experimental-data-used-for-the-study-30bu8fr2.png Table 5. Range of experimental data used for the study https://scispace.com/papers/an-avowal-of-prior-scepticism-enhances-the-credibility-of-an-41ztspj7iu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-influence-of-narrator-prior-position-on-the-13k3t4cx.png Figure 3. Influence of narrator prior position on the likelihood that the event was attributed to telepathy and not coincidence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-influence-of-prior-position-and-sex-on-narrator-289ufm5f.png Figure 4. Influence of prior position and sex on narrator perceived gullibility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-influence-of-prior-position-and-sex-on-narrator-2ofqn6vw.png Figure 2. Influence of prior position and sex on narrator perceived gullibility. https://scispace.com/papers/an-auction-based-mechanism-for-cooperative-sensing-in-kzalntj86p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-downlink-cooperative-detection-performance-svetovz3.png Fig. 6. Downlink cooperative detection performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-performance-with-different-response-schemes-3iataer6.png TABLE II PERFORMANCE WITH DIFFERENT RESPONSE SCHEMES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-snapshot-of-the-cooperative-group-formation-yf01q91l.png Fig. 4. A snapshot of the cooperative group formation. Illustration for the downlink case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-the-cooperative-sensing-protocol-mlexkzbw.png TABLE I PARAMETERS FOR THE COOPERATIVE SENSING PROTOCOL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flow-chart-of-the-coordination-procedure-1a3t69xc.png Fig. 3. Flow chart of the coordination procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-downlink-uplink-cooperative-detection-performance-with-1dvgzkim.png Fig. 8. Downlink/Uplink cooperative detection performance with respect to the size of coalitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-uplink-cooperative-detection-performance-vz1skh1f.png Fig. 7. Uplink cooperative detection performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-with-different-parameter-combinations-jgns44sz.png TABLE III PERFORMANCE WITH DIFFERENT PARAMETER COMBINATIONS https://scispace.com/papers/an-economic-analysis-of-ec-guidelines-on-state-aid-for-the-4cy69hlwqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recent-cases-of-rescue-and-restructuring-1v5dsw45.png Table 1 Recent Cases of Rescue and Restructuring https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rescue-and-restructuring-aid-recent-cases-1994-2002-2w71ubv2.png Table 2 Rescue and Restructuring Aid (recent cases, 1994 - 2002) https://scispace.com/papers/an-economic-analysis-of-demand-and-policies-in-the-beef-lm6cqvpxw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-real-poultry-prices-and-per-capita-consumption-1949-to-35vigagh.png FIG. 2. Real poultry prices and per capita consumption 1949 to https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-possible-welfare-impacts-of-beef-permits-1ofwra82.png TABLE 1 - Possible welfare impacts of beef permits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-real-price-and-per-capita-consumption-of-beef-1949-to-1jtl9ban.png FIG. 1 - Real price and per capita consumption of beef, 1949 to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-a-quota-permit-on-prices-2kzbnc5r.png FIG. 3 - The effect of a quota/permit on prices https://scispace.com/papers/an-economic-evaluation-of-photovoltaic-grid-connected-30u77vwif0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-case-study-enext4lh.png Table 2: Results case study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pvgcs-in-flanders-for-companies-2jsv9mlo.png Figure 1: PVGCS in Flanders for companies https://scispace.com/papers/an-educational-programme-to-facilitate-critical-thinking-2ikz7atkvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strategies-to-enhance-interaction-3eso8b76.png Table 1: Strategies to Enhance Interaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-roles-of-the-educator-and-the-learner-in-adult-10ak5psj.png Table 2: Roles of the Educator and the Learner in Adult Education, Incorporating Constructivism [The activities of the educator and the learner do not necessarily correlate with each other in the table.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-presentation-of-the-researchers-integrated-25hvn6pg.png Fig. 3: Schematic Presentation of the Researcher’s Integrated Curriculum Cycle for a Programme to Facilitate Critical Thinking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-presentation-of-programme-development-258usy99.png Fig. 1: Schematic Presentation of Programme Development. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-presentation-of-integrated-components-within-2cunjmoa.png Fig. 2: Schematic Presentation of Integrated Components within Nicholls and Nicholls’s Cyclical Model to Curriculum Development. https://scispace.com/papers/an-efficient-counting-system-for-the-detection-of-neutrons-3ay76q0tzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2cmwtvid.png Table I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-electronics-ouuofuwp.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of electronics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-3tb3ilsn.png Table II https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-neutron-capture-pulses-in-plastic-scintillator-7-in-1v8isaxz.png Fig. 4. Neutron-capture pulses in plastic scintillator 7 in. diam. and 10 in. high. Scaler discriminator is set at 2.5 volts. Recommended gain setting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scintillator-construction-2fjb2drg.png Fig. 1. Scintillator construction. https://scispace.com/papers/an-efficient-dual-algorithm-for-vectorless-power-grid-1foqwl376z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-runtime-comparison-of-dualvd-and-directvd-3rmnmvo5.png Table 1: Runtime Comparison of DualVD and DirectVD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dualvd-algorithm-tmixgiar.png Figure 1: The DualVD algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/an-efficient-likelihood-free-bayesian-computation-for-model-451giej4vj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-displacement-b-inertial-force-versus-relative-3cokuqy6.png Figure 5: (a) Displacement, (b) inertial force versus relative displacement under an excitation amplitude of 4 Volts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-training-and-testing-data-sets-using-an-excitation-e8glgg5k.png Figure 6: Training and testing data sets using an excitation amplitude of 4 Volts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-posterior-estimates-for-the-ma-2-elkegmxx.png TABLE 1: Statistics of the posterior estimates for the MA(2) model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-experimental-set-up-configuration-of-the-rwracmcs.png Figure 4: (a) Experimental set-up: configuration of the experiment, (b) schematic illustration of the dynamical system under consideration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histograms-of-the-ma-2-model-parameters-rimp48rj.png Figure 3: Histograms of the MA(2) model parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-particles-distribution-over-some-102jqys4.png Figure 2: Evolution of the particles distribution over some selected populations, the triangle in red delimits the input space, the blue triangles are the true values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-data-from-moving-average-model-ma-2-with-2k9206el.png Figure 1: Simulated data from moving average model MA(2) with (✓1, ✓2) = (0.6, 0.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-histograms-of-the-model-parameters-2enb9o1n.png Figure 8: Histograms of the model parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/an-elastic-plastic-constitutive-model-for-ceramic-composite-5dauk3xk5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparisons-of-the-gh-and-hahn-model-predictions-of-ygstg9gj.png Fig. 4. Comparisons of the GH and Hahn model predictions of the 45 axial stress– strain curve with experimental measurements on (a) SiC/SiCN composite (from the present work); (b) SiC/SiC composite [18] and (c) SiC/CAS composite [28]). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparisons-of-measured-and-predicted-axial-1hdd379l.png Fig. 10. Comparisons of measured and predicted axial displacement fields (v) for the open-hole tension test as well as the error between them. (The error is the difference in displacements divided by the ‘open hole displacement’; that is, the predicted displacement experienced by an extensometer that spans the hole diameter.) (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-micrograph-of-a-polished-cross-section-through-3smi1x9n.png Fig. 1. Optical micrograph of a polished cross-section through the composite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparisons-of-predicted-and-measured-45-axial-stress-2giporje.png Fig. 5. Comparisons of predicted and measured 45 axial stress–strain curves for the three composites in Fig. 4. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-measured-and-predicted-strains-and-b-predicted-1nnxkz3b.png Fig. 9. (a) Measured and predicted strains and (b) predicted stresses along the netsection plane for the open-hole tension test. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-iosipescu-test-specimen-dimensions-are-in-35aiyxjm.png Fig. 2. Schematic of Iosipescu test specimen (dimensions are in millimeters). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparisons-of-measured-and-predicted-stress-strain-22lld783.png Fig. 6. Comparisons of measured and predicted stress–strain curves for the openhole tension test. The strain is that of a virtual extensometer that spans the hole and is offset from the hole edge, as shown in the inset. Strains were computed for two offsets: 1 mm and 3 mm. The hole radius is 4.76 mm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparisons-of-measured-and-predicted-shear-strain-skidxhq5.png Fig. 7. Comparisons of measured and predicted shear strain fields for the open-hole tension test. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/an-electrochemical-cell-for-the-efficient-turn-around-of-25rirgdl40 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-cross-section-of-the-cell-showing-1-the-2zi16djl.png FIG. 1. A schematic cross section of the cell, showing 1 the Teflon base, 2 the Teflon reservoir, 3 the perfluoroelastomer o-ring, 4 the working electrode, and 5 the two half turn thumb screws. On the left, the thumb screw is shown turned into position holding the reservoir securely to the base. On the right, the thumb screw is shown turned out of position, allowing the reservoir to be lifted from the base. The reference and counter electrodes are placed in the cylindrical well of the reservoir to make contact with the electrolyte. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-double-step-chronoamperometry-of-5-mm-k3fe-cn-6-and-1-13jnc147.png FIG. 5. Double step chronoamperometry of 5 mM K3Fe CN 6 and 1 M KCl from 600 mV to 0 mV and back to 600 mV with a step time of 5 s. The dashed lines are linear fits to the i vs t−1/2 data for all the currents below 100 A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-electrochemical-area-of-the-au-si-working-2wn5bsxf.png FIG. 4. The electrochemical area of the Au/Si working electrodes for ten trials. The unweighted average area for all the trials is indicated by the solid line, while the dashed lines represent the average plus and minus the standard deviation of the trials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-magnitude-of-the-peak-cathodic-current-ip-as-a-1vgpg9hk.png FIG. 3. The magnitude of the peak cathodic current, ip, as a function of the square root of the scan rate, v1/2, for one working electrode trial. The dashed line is a linear fit to the ip vs v1/2 data for the trial. The electrochemical area of this electrode was found to be 0.0341 0.0010 cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cyclic-voltammograms-of-5-mm-k3fe-cn-6-and-1-m-kcl-at-20208pof.png FIG. 2. Cyclic voltammograms of 5 mM K3Fe CN 6 and 1 M KCl at a scan rate of a 10 and b 250 mV/s. https://scispace.com/papers/an-electrokinetically-tunable-optofluidic-bi-concave-lens-4d4tjvt3ns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-a-bi-concave-lens-in-the-focusing-mode-the-nh7ojnxn.png Fig. 1 Schematics: (a) Bi-concave lens in the focusing mode. The light beam in the ray-tracing chamber propagates through the biconcave lens in the focusing mode. The liquids for the core, cladding, and auxiliary cladding streams are ethanol, cinnamaldehyde, and the mixture of 73.5% ethylene glycol and 26.5% ethanol, respectively. The voltage applied to the core stream is V = -5000V. (b) Bi-concave lens in the diverging mode. The light beam in the ray-tracing chamber propagates through the biconcave lens in the diverging mode. The liquids for the core and cladding streams are cinnamaldehyde, and the mixture of 73.5% ethylene glycol and 26.5% ethanol, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-diverging-mode-a-relationship-between-the-external-ypkjnfud.png Fig. 8 Diverging mode: (a) Relationship between the external electric filed and the curvature of the interface under fixed flowrates in the diverging mode of the optofluidic bi-concave lens, (b) Relationship between the external electric filed and the focal length under fixed flowrates in the diverging mode of the optofluidic bi-concave lens. The flowrates of core stream and cladding streams are fixed at 0.5 ml/h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-experimental-ray-tracing-results-for-diverging-3p2yk8fd.png Fig. 7 The experimental ray-tracing results for diverging mode under different electric field in the cladding streams and fixed flowrates of core fluid and cladding fluids: (a) V = 0 V; (b) V = 5000 V https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-roles-of-liquid-in-different-model-psh7m1ny.png Table 1 The roles of liquid in different model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-numerical-model-of-the-lens-a-domain-calculated-in-30qz7bku.png Fig. 2 Numerical model of the lens: (a) Domain calculated in numerical simulation, (b) velocity profile in rectangular chamber for diverging mode. The flow rates of the core and cladding streams are fixed at same value of 0.5 ml/h. The voltage applied to the cladding stream is V = 5000 V. (c) Numerical ray-tracing results. The flow rates of the core and cladding streams are fixed at same value of 0.5 ml/h. The voltage applied to the core stream is V= -3000 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-experimental-ray-tracing-results-for-focusing-mode-24rnw7k6.png Fig. 4 The experimental ray-tracing results for focusing mode under different electric field in the cladding streams and fixed flowrates of core fluid and cladding fluids: (a) V= 0 V; (b) V= -2000 V; (c) V=-5000 V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-interfacial-shape-of-the-micro-optofluidic-bi-2hg1u2is.png Fig. 3 The interfacial shape of the micro optofluidic bi-concave lens in focusing mode at different electric fields and fixed flow rates. The flow rates of the core stream and the cladding stream are all 0.05 ml/h: ( a ) V=-5000 V; ( b ) V=-4000 V; ( c ) V=-3000 V; ( d ) V=0 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-focusing-mode-a-relationship-between-the-external-wmg45a9r.png Fig. 5 Focusing mode: (a) Relationship between the external electric filed and the curvature of the interface under fixed flowrates in the focusing mode of the optofluidic bi-concave lens, (b) Relationship between the external electric filed and the focal length under fixed flowrates in the focusing mode of the optofluidic bi-concave lens. The flowrates of core stream and cladding streams are fixed at 0.5 ml/h. https://scispace.com/papers/an-embedded-fe-model-for-modelling-reinforced-concrete-slabs-2vnwn9k2n1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-6rj569oh.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-2embx1l7.png Fig. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3ueolbuw.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-143colc5.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-u4w4ex0c.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2crfu9xs.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-klndulft.png Fig. 15 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-34kl2kmf.png Fig. 14 https://scispace.com/papers/an-empirical-study-of-optimization-for-maximizing-diffusion-ugat00wfpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-runtime-y-axis-as-a-function-of-budget-x-axis-for-2swiwk60.png Fig. 1. Runtime (y-axis) as a function of budget (x-axis) for various extinction rates. Left: all budget available upfront. Right: budget split into two time steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-high-variation-in-runtime-on-some-instances-lower-yg7cpzuu.png Fig. 3. The high variation in runtime on some instances (lower curve) and the corresponding average MIP objective values (higher curve) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-runtime-distribution-for-instance-map430714-exhibits-1v3im0pe.png Fig. 2. Runtime distribution for instance map430714 exhibits power-law decay (log-log scale) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-saa-upper-and-lower-bounds-on-obj-value-for-upfront-1329be7s.png Fig. 4. SAA upper and lower bounds on obj. value for upfront and split budgets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-objective-value-of-re-planning-compared-to-upfront-and-1m12tm7r.png Fig. 5. Objective value of re-planning, compared to upfront and split budgets https://scispace.com/papers/an-empirical-investigation-of-labor-income-processes-3b2ydj97ex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimating-the-parameters-of-the-labor-income-2kjuefjs.png Table 1: Estimating the parameters of the labor income process https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-covariance-structure-of-income-growth-u-s-data-82s651ui.png Table 3: Covariance Structure of Income Growth: U.S. Data versus the HIP model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-covariance-structure-of-log-income-for-college-top-3sh4uo9c.png Figure 6: Covariance Structure of Log Income for College- (Top) and High school- (Bottom) Educated Individuals in PSID https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-theoretical-covariance-structure-of-log-income-for-2wx55bsu.png Figure 7: Theoretical Covariance Structure of Log Income for College-Educated Individuals: HIP (Top) and RIP (Bottom) Processes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-the-rip-model-by-education-level-in-the-286gx7cq.png Table 2: Estimates of the RIP Model By Education Level in the Literature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-age-variance-pro-le-of-log-income-in-psid-fwrdo188.png Figure 4: Age-Variance Pro le of Log Income in PSID https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-theoretical-experience-variance-pro-le-of-log-nuvxsr5w.png Figure 5: Theoretical Experience-Variance Pro le of Log Income Implied by HIP and RIP Processes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-remaining-e-ect-of-an-ar-1-shock-for-di-erent-dcw83jro.png Figure 2: The Remaining E¤ect of an AR(1) Shock for Di¤erent Values of https://scispace.com/papers/an-energy-approach-to-space-time-galerkin-bem-for-wave-3lf91uacrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-total-recovered-displacement-u-x-t-around-the-7ushzsxh.png Figure 29. Total recovered displacement u(x, t) around the semicircular crack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-density-x-t-calculated-in-x-0-4-for-3-with-a-zoom-10enk49f.png Figure 21. Density (x, t) calculated in x =0.4 for = /3, with a zoom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-solution-x-t-in-different-time-instants-separated-3rdzy46w.png Figure 22. Solution (x, t) in different time instants separated by 5P . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-numerical-stability-of-the-energetic-approach-for-2z32zl93.png Figure 10. Numerical stability of the energetic approach for large times for the third 1D test problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-numerical-stability-of-the-energetic-approach-for-2jrd3qcn.png Figure 9. Numerical stability of the energetic approach for large times for the second 1D test problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-piecewise-linear-approximations-0-1-0-t-0-1-l-t-3l3j4ymi.png Figure 8. Piecewise linear approximations 0.1(0, t), 0.1(L , t). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-piecewise-linear-approximations-32-0-t-32-l-t-1p7mlu1j.png Figure 7. Piecewise linear approximations /32(0, t), /32(L , t). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-density-x-t-evaluated-in-some-points-of-for-3-1kbahd1n.png Figure 23. Density (x, t) evaluated in some points of for = /3. https://scispace.com/papers/an-ensemble-topic-model-for-sharing-healthcare-data-and-1e07wy8kak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dirichlet-process-mixture-model-h-is-a-base-a7f352ih.png Figure 1: The Dirichlet Process Mixture Model. H is a base distribution from which weights are drawn as described in Equation 1. The mixing proportions of the components are specified by H0. The parameters of the base distributions are specified by φi. Xi represents an observed instance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-proportion-of-held-out-diseases-given-rank-less-2a1y98ot.png Figure 4: The proportion of held-out diseases given rank less than or equal to the value on the x-axis. Labels “base” and “ensemble” correspond to ranks given by the algorithms trained on a single demographic data set and ranks given by the ensemble across demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-rank-for-individual-patient-diagnoses-versus-1fexq8gk.png Figure 5: Mean rank for individual patient diagnoses versus the number of diagnoses available based on an ensemble of CBC models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-log-likelihood-of-all-three-algorithms-over-29nb6g28.png Figure 3: The log-likelihood of all three algorithms over 1000 iterations of Gibbs sampling. All log-likelihood values are divided by 1000 for readability. Panel (a) shows the log likelihood of DPMM. Panel (a) shows the log likelihood of DPMM. Panel (b) shows the log likelihood of DPMM using the co-occurrence data. Panel (c) shows the log likelihood of CBC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-network-constructed-from-a-single-cbc-ensemble-3e61bjj2.png Figure 6: A network constructed from a single CBC ensemble. Nodes represent disease diagnoses and edges represent cooccurrences. Node groups are determined by the component in the model with the most diagnoses. Edge weight was determined by averaging disease co-occurrence across all components. Therefore, edges may tend to represent global co-occurrences rather than within component co-occurrences. Only edges in the 99th percentile weight category are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-another-view-of-figure-6-using-the-spring-layout-19qa3725.png Figure 7: Another view of Figure 6 using the spring-layout based on edge weight. Edge weight was determined by averaging disease co-occurrence across all components and reflects global trends. This view reveals clusters and hubs in the network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ensemble-takes-base-models-each-consisting-of-1wmoilz8.png Figure 2: The ensemble takes base models, each consisting of the results from a single model trained on one data set, then combines the parameters of each component from the base mixture models into a single matrix. https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-and-enhancement-of-densitometric-fragmentation-1b16q80zkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-greedy-vs-plain-fusion-1qa5vwph.png Figure 3 Greedy vs Plain Fusion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plain-fusion-across-languages-smolvntm.png Figure 2 Plain Fusion Across Languages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plain-fusion-accuracy-across-content-types-3ezyd9iv.png Figure 1 Plain Fusion Accuracy Across Content Types https://scispace.com/papers/an-etx-based-positioning-system-for-wireless-ad-hoc-networks-1zfwucxhxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-error-performance-for-various-simplistic-1jdhlkuy.png Fig. 2. Comparison of error performance for various simplistic localization algorithms seen in ad-hoc networks using both RSS and ETX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-our-experimental-testbed-inside-our-research-lab-the-wpum6qmm.png Fig. 1. Our experimental testbed inside our research lab – the six anchors are marked as stars, and all the data collection points are marked as crosses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-errors-in-meters-of-the-simplistic-2c32ff28.png Table 1. Average Errors (in meters) of the Simplistic Localization Algorithms for Ad-hoc Networks for the Experiments Conducted in Section 5.2.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-errors-with-confidence-interval-in-meters-of-s9ff2fkh.png Table 2. Average Errors with Confidence Interval (in meters) of the Fingerprint-based Localization Algorithms for the Experiments Conducted in Section 5.2.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-error-performance-for-fingerprint-based-370zg9oz.png Fig. 3. Comparison of error performance for fingerprint-based localization algorithms using both RSS and ETX. https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-of-daily-precipitation-from-atmospheric-3p4v3je819 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modified-kling-gupta-efficiency-kge-against-gauge-19wpy9rt.png Figure 2. Modified Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE′) against gauge dataset at daily scale for (a) AWAP, (b) BARRA, and (c) ERA-Interim, and (d) difference of KGE′ between BARRA and ERA-Interim. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-boxplot-of-categorical-performance-indices-1j6fc3zn.png Figure 6. Boxplot of categorical performance indices (probability of detection, false alarm ratio, frequency bias, and critical success index) calculated against gauge data for five classes of rainfall intensity. Each box extends from first to third quartile, medians are marked in each box, and whisker extends to furthest point or 1.5 times the interquartile range, whichever is closer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-boxplot-of-correlation-r-bias-ratio-b-variability-3o484dhq.png Figure 3. Boxplot of correlation (r), bias ratio (β), variability ratio (γ ), and modified Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE′) between daily precipitation estimates from gridded datasets and observations at gauge locations. Columns represent overall data, summer (DJF), and winter (JJA). Each box extends from first to third quartile, medians are marked in each box, and whisker extends to furthest point or 1.5 times the interquartile range, whichever is closer. The blue horizontal line represents the best value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-quantile-estimates-mm-d-1-90-95-and-99-in-a-c-d-f-7ouz2yfd.png Figure 5. Quantile estimates (mm d−1; 90 %, 95 %, and 99 % in a–c, d–f, and g–i, respectively) from gridded datasets (AWAP, BARRA, and ERA-Interim) and observations at gauge locations. The colour of the scatter indicates the location of the stations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-boxplot-of-categorical-performance-indices-1lc18eeq.png Figure 10. Boxplot of categorical performance indices (probability of detection, false alarm ratio, frequency bias, and critical success index) calculated against AWAP data for five classes of rainfall intensity. Each box extends from first to third quartile, medians are marked in each box, and whisker extends to furthest point or 1.5 times the interquartile range, whichever is closer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-wet-day-frequency-estimates-from-reanalysis-15is1oux.png Figure 8. Wet-day frequency estimates from reanalysis datasets (BARRA and ERA-Interim) and AWAP at gauge locations (a, b). Transition probabilities: dry–wet (p01: c, d) and wet–wet (p11: e, f). Colour of scatter indicates the location of the AWAP grid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-quantile-estimates-mm-d-1-90-95-and-99-in-a-b-c-d-1j1p4z8z.png Figure 9. Quantile estimates (mm d−1; 90 %, 95 % and 99 %, in a– b, c–d, and e–f, respectively) from reanalysis datasets (BARRA and ERA-Interim) and AWAP at gauge locations. The colour of the scatter indicates the location of the AWAP grid. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-values-of-kge-and-its-components-grouped-for-1u1108to.png Table 2. Median values of KGE′ and its components grouped for broad Köppen–Geiger climate categories for Australia. The number in brackets indicates the number of stations in the climatic zones. Values in bold represent the best score in each group. https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-of-multi-resolution-storage-for-sensor-54zw1avdt6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-feature-extraction-in-sensor-networks-28chgdxd.png Figure 1: Feature Extraction in Sensor Networks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-objective-function-2jpdp39a.png Figure 4: Objective Function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-providing-graceful-quality-degradation-by-aging-j4ivr9e9.png Figure 3: Providing graceful quality degradation by aging summaries Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparing-the-error-in-omniscient-entire-dataset-vs-14eboh4m.png Table 6: Comparing the error in Omniscient (entire) Dataset vs Training (first 6 years) Dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparison-of-load-balanced-hierarchy-to-fixed-600wusdk.png Table 8: Comparison of Load-balanced hierarchy to fixed hierarchy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-requirement-estimates-for-scientific-1cv9zfue.png Table 1: Data Requirement estimates for Scientific Applications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-implementation-block-diagram-2ouqrtb4.png Figure 8: Implementation Block Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-of-a-greedy-algorithm-for-a-16-node-network-3ny3g236.png Table 3: Example of a greedy algorithm for a 16 node network https://scispace.com/papers/an-evaluation-of-public-employment-programmes-in-the-east-1e9yw4ew2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-information-from-iwh-halle-july-1998-3nmljr0c.png Table 9; )**.; information from IWH Halle July 1998. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-information-from-iwh-halle-july-1998-9cg3t55p.png Table 7.2; )**.# information from IWH Halle July 1998. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-presents-an-overview-of-the-distribution-of-start-21csbgek.png Figure 4 presents an overview of the distribution of start and end dates of PEPs in our sample (see also Table 4 and Figure 1 in Section 4.2). The sample used here and in the following descriptive statistics is the sample used for the estimation of the partial propensity score (12,565 No-PEP observations; 1,123 PEP observations); that is, it is the sample that results after all selection rules are applied. See Table 13 for details. The number of observations used for the computations depends on the observability of the information in the sample. https://scispace.com/papers/an-evolutionary-model-of-price-competition-among-spatially-10ej9iu9re 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-results-for-the-one-dimensional-model-for-2ak20uzh.png Table 2. Simulation results for the one-dimensional model for ρ = 2 and for different values of and μ. The table shows the mean price at the end of the simulation runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simulation-results-for-the-one-dimensional-model-for-1iz98b94.png Table 3. Simulation results for the one-dimensional model for different values of ρ, , and μ. The table shows the mean price at the end of the simulation runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-simulation-results-for-variant-b-of-the-two-1u9pq8po.png Table 6. Simulation results for variant B of the two-dimensional model for ρ = 4 and for different values of and μ. The table shows the mean price at the end of the simulation runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simulation-results-for-variant-a-of-the-two-9yzkbgej.png Table 4. Simulation results for variant A of the two-dimensional model for ρ = 4 and for different values of and μ. The table shows the mean price at the end of the simulation runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-simulation-results-for-variant-b-of-the-two-hfh60w9d.png Table 7. Simulation results for variant B of the two-dimensional model for ρ = 8 and for different values of and μ. The table shows the mean price at the end of the simulation runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulation-results-for-variant-a-of-the-two-1759iajt.png Table 5. Simulation results for variant A of the two-dimensional model for ρ = 8 and for different values of and μ. The table shows the mean price at the end of the simulation runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-one-dimensional-model-with-n-10-firms-a-firm-is-2035wrav.png Figure 1. One-dimensional model with n = 10 firms. A firm is indicated by a black dot. Consumers are located everywhere on the circle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-the-effect-of-imitation-in-the-one-2q3nrxhy.png Figure 7. Illustration of the effect of imitation in the one-dimensional model with an information neighborhood of size ρ = 4. https://scispace.com/papers/an-examination-of-content-similarity-within-the-memory-of-170kpw5whz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-brief-summary-of-hpc-applications-used-2ru8kpze.png Table 1. A brief summary of HPC applications used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-page-categorization-within-rank-0-for-each-1l8x4rp1.png Figure 1. Page categorization within Rank 0 for each application. Each bar represents the page categorization for the memory snapshot that contained the smallest fraction of similar and duplicate pages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-address-space-behavior-of-sweep3d-as-a-function-of-247dc7yd.png Figure 24. Address space behavior of Sweep3d as a function of application time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-page-categorization-in-amg2006-as-a-function-of-1g43yico.png Figure 8. Page categorization in AMG2006 as a function of application time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-page-categorization-in-cth-as-a-function-of-2njtag1l.png Figure 9. Page categorization in CTH as a function of application time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-duplicate-pages-in-the-middle-snapshot-for-3epysaa0.png Table 2. Number of duplicate pages in the middle snapshot for each application https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-similar-pages-in-the-middle-snapshot-for-2s9keq33.png Table 3. Number of similar pages in the middle snapshot for each application https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-representative-plots-of-the-three-categories-of-1a4nqh0n.png Figure 7. Representative plots of the three categories of metadata cost trends. https://scispace.com/papers/an-examination-of-contemporary-celebrity-endorsement-in-4f5cgokgu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typology-of-fashion-celebrity-endorsement-34goamtd.png Figure 3: Typology of Fashion Celebrity Endorsement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ways-in-which-a-celebrity-may-promote-a-brand-noykvnjw.png Figure 1: Ways in which a celebrity may promote a brand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-classification-of-fashion-celebrity-endorsers-igat5fy3.png Figure 2: Classification of Fashion Celebrity Endorsers. https://scispace.com/papers/an-examination-of-the-prevalence-of-temporally-leading-1i8csch0by 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-number-and-mean-proportion-of-the-various-types-28g3h12t.png Table 1: Mean number and mean proportion of the various types of leading questions asked by interviewers https://scispace.com/papers/an-exergy-based-milp-algorithm-for-heat-pumps-integration-in-3w5u7t50bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-illustration-of-new-technological-heat-pump-2vjhmnjh.png Figure 9. Illustration of new technological heat pump solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-placement-of-heat-pumps-4-21ig3q2f.png Figure 1. Placement of Heat Pumps ([4]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-self-sufficient-pockets-on-heat-load-tdvkp75x.png Figure 4. Impact of Self-sufficient Pockets on Heat Load Transfer (2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-of-self-sufficient-pockets-on-heat-load-19tyysxy.png Figure 3. Impact of Self-sufficient Pockets on Heat Load Transfer (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-potential-pinch-points-and-self-sufficient-pockets-11byemrw.png Figure 2. Potential Pinch Points and Self-sufficient pockets on GCC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dairy-process-composites-curves-source-becker-2-1wwgmdv9.png Figure 5. Dairy process Composites Curves (source Becker [2]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-algorithm-parameters-3kxxthcq.png Table 1. Algorithm parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dairy-process-grand-composite-curve-source-becker-2-5s077coj.png Figure 6. Dairy process Grand Composite Curve (Source Becker [2]). https://scispace.com/papers/an-exhaustive-multiple-knockout-approach-to-understanding-3dex2odi8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-cell-wall-hydrolases-in-bacillus-subtilis-37dkpxj1.png Table 1: List of cell wall hydrolases in Bacillus subtilis identified using PHMMER. 526 https://scispace.com/papers/an-experience-report-on-the-verification-of-autonomic-332m0yl7ic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-concrete-and-abstract-assemblies-3f8p2vj5.png Fig. 2 Concrete and Abstract Assemblies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-our-v-shaped-protocol-r2u2179h.png Fig. 4 Our V-shaped Protocol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-component-lifecycle-reconfiguration-grammar-2fuur7t4.png Fig. 3 Component Lifecycle / Reconfiguration Grammar https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-configurator-workflow-14vpfk2u.png Fig. 7 Configurator Workflow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-application-configuration-left-and-self-1uao8bp5.png Fig. 5 Example of Application Configuration (left) and Self-configuration Protocol Execution (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-architectural-view-of-the-protocol-d8ijqy5g.png Fig. 6 Architectural View of the Protocol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-component-assembly-2fosnosa.png Fig. 1 A Component Assembly https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-1od0g7mk.png Table 1 Experimental Results https://scispace.com/papers/an-experimental-approach-to-the-conrad-phenomenon-2hgklgx47m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-presence-of-fl-apping-and-the-obstruent-by-1hazdqp3.png Figure 15. Presence of fl apping (%) and the obstruent by individual. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-the-syntactic-structure-of-the-ungrammatical-4-b-3m84l34v.png Figure 2.2. The syntactic structure of the ungrammatical (4)b. Here, long movement is not acceptable because it has to skip the position occupied by ‘which problem’. https://scispace.com/papers/an-explanation-for-observed-flux-creep-in-opposite-direction-3gmui22wr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lorentz-force-fl-j-x-b-distribution-within-the-bulk-at-1lnbk71p.png Fig. 4. Lorentz force, FL = J x B, distribution within the bulk at t = 200 s (the peak of the applied field). Arrows are included to more clearly indicate the direction of the Lorentz force. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lorentz-force-fl-j-x-b-distribution-within-the-bulk-at-98ndvs7u.png Fig. 5. Lorentz force, FL = J x B, distribution within the bulk at (a) t = +3 min after activation (t = 580 s) and (b) t = +13 min after activation (t = 1780 s). Arrows are included to more clearly indicate the direction of the Lorentz force. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-current-density-distribution-within-the-bulk-ejco8jfc.png Fig. 3. Simulated current density distribution within the bulk at three distinct points of time: (a) t = 200 s, at the peak of the applied field in the ZFC process, (b) t = +3 min after activation, i.e., t = 580 s, and (c) t = +13 min after activation, i.e., t = 1780 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-original-observed-magnetic-field-distribution-at-t-3-t6gyvwol.png Fig. 1. Original observed magnetic field distribution at t = 3 min (circles) and t = 1003 min (squares) across the surface of the Bt,max = 1.088 T sample in [4] at z = +0.8 mm, partially magnetized by an applied field BA = 0.840 T. Also included is the effect of flux creep, i.e., Bt(1003 min) – Bt(3 min), which is indicated by the triangles. Reproduced from [4]. © IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-magnetic-field-distribution-above-the-top-3ddf6s5a.png Fig. 2. Simulated magnetic field distribution above the top surface of the bulk, at z = +0.8 mm, at t = +3 min (solid line) and t = +13 min (dotted line) after partial magnetization by an applied field BA = 0.840 T, as well as the effect of flux creep, Bt(+13 min) – Bt(+3 min) (red, dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-current-density-across-the-midpoint-of-the-bulk-z-0-mm-3ct017gt.png Fig. 6. Current density across the midpoint of the bulk (z = 0 mm, black lines) and 0.2 mm below the top surface (z = 3.8 mm, blue lines) at t = +3 min after activation (t = 580 s, solid lines) and t = +13 min after activation (t = 1780 s, dashed lines). The arrows indicate the direction of the flux creep. https://scispace.com/papers/an-experimental-comparison-of-routing-protocols-in-multi-hop-48lvddhnpt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-platform-and-routing-configuration-30qrw4ih.png TABLE I PLATFORM AND ROUTING CONFIGURATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-routing-protocol-overhead-statistics-2s2paak0.png TABLE II ROUTING PROTOCOL OVERHEAD STATISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-achieved-bandwidth-3hl9no8l.png Fig. 3. Achieved bandwidth https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-routing-information-must-be-broadcast-to-all-nodes-e16rx713.png Fig. 1. Routing information must be broadcast to all nodes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-election-of-mprs-allows-efficient-dissemination-1i5pjldc.png Fig. 2. The election of MPRs allows efficient dissemination https://scispace.com/papers/an-extensible-modular-recognition-concept-that-makes-kumzieq086 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-modular-combination-without-the-need-for-knowledge-5bgor9qu.png Table 4. Modular combination without the need for knowledge of all training data in all training steps, masked with a bit vector. Threshold: τ = 0.96. Overall recog. rate: 84,0% (optimal 85%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-theoretical-optimum-without-knowledge-of-all-1tucsfht.png Table 2. Theoretical optimum without knowledge of all training data. Filter threshold: τ = 0.96. Overall recognition rate: 85,4%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-modular-approach-without-the-need-for-knowledge-of-275dmj8p.png Table 3. Modular approach without the need for knowledge of all training data in all training steps that is not masked with a bit vector. Threshold: τ = 0.96. Overall recognition rate: 68,6%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditional-contexts-classes-and-classifier-modules-813fs5k2.png Table 1. Conditional contexts, classes and classifier modules for the acceleration sensor. https://scispace.com/papers/an-exploratory-examination-of-students-pre-existing-beliefs-4naehl31v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-eight-capacities-within-the-social-change-model-2wkyb53y.png Table 1. The eight capacities within the Social Change Model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-structure-of-undergraduate-students-beliefs-1xfov7au.png Table 2. Factor structure of undergraduate students’ beliefs about leadership. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-models-using-beliefs-about-leadership-to-3mmcjefu.png Table 3. Regression models using beliefs about leadership to predict outcomes (N = 1465, except model 3, where N = 724). Standard errors are in parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/an-expression-for-nonlinear-noise-in-optical-phase-39bmcw0h4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-signal-to-noise-ratio-snr-of-the-central-channel-1c1kb5ns.png Fig. 2: The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the central channel of 17 WDM channels as a function of the total launched power density in three cases: Without OPC (red squares), with OPC only (purple diamonds) and with OPC and pre-dispersion (green circles) for theory (lines) and simulation (markers). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-maximum-signal-to-noise-ratio-snr-of-the-central-6akuqq1x.png Fig. 4: The Maximum signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the central channel of 17 WDM channels as a function of the span length in three cases: Without OPC (red), with OPC only (purple) and with OPC and pre-dispersion (green) for theory (lines) (Eq.(11) (solid), Eq.(21) in [12] (dashed)) and simulation (markers). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-maximum-signal-to-noise-ratio-snr-of-the-central-d0pcimjq.png Fig. 3: The Maximum signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the central channel of 17 WDM channels as a function of the pre-dispersion for theory (dashed line) and simulation (markers). The optimum predispersion (vertical line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-for-mid-link-opc-system-with-3tksngjg.png Fig. 1: Block diagram for mid-link OPC system with predispersion. DCE: Dispersion Compensating Element, U (1,1)g : the FWM field from the first span and N: Number of spans https://scispace.com/papers/an-fpga-receiver-for-cpsk-spread-spectrum-signaling-hjbzid3nf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-4-4-decode-circuit-11cmt7c0.png Figure 13: The 4-4-Decode Circuit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-if-demodulator-25ru5ubt.png Figure 3: The IF Demodulator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-tap-select-module-zkkxqvfw.png Figure 8: The Tap Select Module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-clock-shift-circuit-2yra9wyo.png Figure 11: The Clock Shift Circuit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-4-input-adder-1qsk7mlp.png Figure 12: The 4-input Adder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-cpsk-transmitter-2zwyxeo9.png Figure 1: The CPSK Transmitter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cpsk-receiver-2i59qo1p.png Figure 2: The CPSK Receiver https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-analog-section-of-the-cpsk-decoder-16egfxce.png Figure 16: The Analog Section of the CPSK Decoder https://scispace.com/papers/an-improved-method-for-high-quality-rna-isolation-from-18g37fs3ei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-efww686n.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-37b6wid3.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-purity-and-yield-of-two-isolation-methods-used-for-11ryruci.png Table 1. Purity and yield of two isolation methods used for RNA isolation from Pinus pinaster needles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2d48bv7i.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/an-improved-air-mass-factor-calculation-for-no-2-45b87khiaj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-gome-2-surface-ler-climatology-tilstra-et-al-1r3wo9by.png Figure 1. Map of GOME-2 surface LER climatology (Tilstra et al., 2017) version 3.1 in February and August (a), improved GOME-2 surface LER data taking the direction dependency on 3 February and 5 August 2010 into account (b), and their differences over land (c) and over water (d). The improvements are described in Sect. 3.1.1 for land and in Sect. 3.1.2 for water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-differences-in-tropospheric-no2-columns-retrieved-xckhecda.png Figure 8. Differences in tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved using TM5-MP and IFS (CBA) a priori NO2 profiles for a given day and for the monthly average in February and August 2010. Yellow circles in the top-left panel indicate the locations utilised in Fig. 7. Only measurements with a cloud radiance fraction less than 0.5 are included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-priori-no2-profiles-from-tm5-mp-ifs-cba-original-3newkfgv.png Figure 7. A priori NO2 profiles from TM5-MP, IFS (CBA) (original resolution), and IFS (CBA) with different model resolutions over the Netherlands (52.8◦ N, 4.7◦ E) and China (39.1◦ N, 118.0◦ E) on 3 February 2010. The IFS (CBA) profiles for a 1◦ grid and for 34 layers are compared. The calculated clear-sky tropospheric AMF is given next to each label in the legends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-differences-in-the-gome-2-tropospheric-no2-columns-3n32ggmw.png Figure 12. Differences in the GOME-2 tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved using the ROCINN_CRB and ROCINN_CAL cloud models in February and August 2010. Only measurements with a cloud radiance fraction less than 0.5 are included. Cloud observations with a fitting rms greater than 1× 10−4 or a number of iterations greater than 20 are filtered out. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-gome-2-tropospheric-no2-columns-retrieved-using-2sfoppas.png Figure 13. GOME-2 tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved using the improved algorithm, and the differences from the reference data in February and August 2010. Only measurements with a cloud radiance fraction less than 0.5 are included. Cloud observations with a fitting rms greater than 1× 10−4 or a number of iterations greater than 20 are filtered out. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-daily-grey-dots-and-monthly-mean-black-dots-gfm0s0ws.png Figure 21. Daily (grey dots) and monthly mean (black dots) absolute and relative GOME-2 (SAT) and MAXDOAS (GB) time series differences for Xianghe station. The histogram of the daily differences is also given, showing the mean and median difference. The total time series of absolute and relative monthly differences are given in the bottom-right panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-daily-and-monthly-mean-time-series-and-scatter-7wrpdi33.png Figure 20. Daily and monthly mean time series and scatter plot of GOME-2 (upper row) and MAXDOAS tropospheric NO2 columns (mean value of all the pixels within 50 km of Xianghe). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-gome-2-ler-climatology-tilstra-et-al-k3amejre.png Figure 2. Comparison of GOME-2 LER climatology (Tilstra et al., 2017) and GOME-2 DLER data (a) and the impact on the clear-sky AMFs (b) over western Europe (44–53◦ N, 0–7◦ E) and eastern China (21–41◦ N, 110–122◦ E) as a function of VZA in February 2010 (VZAs are negative for observations on the eastern side of the orbit swath). https://scispace.com/papers/an-immersed-boundary-method-based-on-domain-decomposition-45oi7n3m9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-solid-ps-s-and-fluid-34n5t9lt.png Fig. 2. Schematic representation of the solid ( ψ s ), and fluid ( ψ f , ξ f ) linear test functions in a one-dimensional case. The shaded element represents the interface region between the fluid and solid domains. The blue line on top represents the variation of α across the one-dimensional computational domain. ψ s and ψ f are used in the transport equations in the solid and fluid domains, respectively. ξ f is used to enforce the continuity constraint in the fluid domain. Note that ξ f is discontinuous at the solid end of the interface ( i + 3 ). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-non-dimensionalised-velocity-components-3jra00ba.png Fig. 10. Comparison of non-dimensionalised velocity components at four cross-sections between present computation (lines) and experimental data [40] (markers) at three different phases within one cycle of oscillation: (a) 180 ◦ , (b) 210 ◦ , and (c) 330 ◦ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-representation-of-the-solid-a-and-fluid-b-c-hxk9dpwi.png Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the solid (a) and fluid (b, c, d) domains. Figure (a) shows the solid grid ( s ). Figures (b, c, d) show the fluid grid ( f ), with circular markers ( ◦) representing fluid nodes ( αn +1 = 0 ) and square markers ( ) representing solid nodes ( αn +1 > 0 ), where strong velocity boundary conditions are imposed. Shaded elements represent: (b) the domain in which the fluid operators act, (c) the domain in which the solid operator acts, and (d) the interface region between the solid and fluid domains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-averaged-coefficients-of-pressure-and-friction-2xh6w97v.png Fig. 8. Time averaged coefficients of pressure and friction from flow past a cylinder at a Reynolds number of 200 with varying edge lengths near the interface and compared o DNS data from existing literature [39] . θ is measured clockwise from the stagnation point. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-variation-of-tangential-velocity-in-the-radial-32606lr1.png Fig. 6. (a) Variation of tangential velocity in the radial direction in a Taylor-Couette flow. Red line shows the analytical solution [34] . Black lines show results using the current method at different grid resolutions close to the fluid-structure interface. Blue lines in the inset show the variation of the solid concentration field ( α). (b) The L ∞ : and L 2 : spatial velocity error ( ‖ u e ‖ ) norms plotted against the element edge length at the interface. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dimensions-of-the-computational-domain-in-terms-of-the-3b57ww14.png Fig. 7. Dimensions of the computational domain in terms of the cylinder diameter d and characteristic dimensions of the wake structure, as defined in [24] . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-non-dimensionalised-inline-force-acting-on-the-27aqutwz.png Fig. 9. Non-dimensionalised inline force acting on the cylinder in one cycle at Re = 100 and KC = 5. Black lines are results obtained using the immersed boundary method presented in this paper at varying grid resolutions near the interface. Black cross markers are from experimental data [40] . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-time-evolution-of-the-coefficients-of-lift-top-and-32clomzn.png Fig. 13. Time evolution of the coefficients of lift (top) and drag (bottom) on a NACA0012 aerofoil at Re = 10 0 0 and an angle of attack 10 ◦ . Black lines are results obtained using the immersed boundary method presented in this paper at varying grid resolutions near the interface. Red line is a body-conforming simulation result using the solver Fluidity, and black cross markers are DNS results from existing literature [43] . (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/an-improved-parametric-formulation-for-the-variationally-ojak4bsrcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-axial-strains-obtained-by-finite-3w1hrh5o.png Fig. 5 Comparison of the axial strains obtained by finite element analysis of the bar loaded with a concentrated load P at the internal node of the single distorted three-noded element representing the bar. The conventional isoparametric (PP) element and the improved parametric (IPP) element (based on the metric interpolation functions) have been used, both with a distortion parameter τ = 0.25. The strains are scaled up with a non-dimensional factor EA/P. The strain variation of the MM element is the best-fit to the exact strain, but that of the PP element violates the best-fit paradigm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-the-strains-in-the-parametric-co-ordinate-2yocna2e.png Fig. 6 Variation of the strains in the parametric co-ordinate ξ, as obtained from finite element analysis of the bar with load P at the internal node of the single distorted IPP (or MM) element, for various values of the distortion parameter τ. The strains are scaled up with a non-dimensional factor EA/P https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-the-variations-of-the-axial-strains-1919ts38.png Fig. 9 Comparison of the variations of the axial strains (scaled up with a non-dimensional factor EA/q0L) obtained by the conventional three-noded isoparametric element (PP formulation) and the distortion immune MBAR3 element (improved parametric, or IPP, formulation) for the bar under two different kinds of distributed loading, (a) for uniformly distributed load and (b) for a linearly varying distributed load. Distortion parameter of the element is τ = 0.25 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-quadratic-bar-element-with-offset-in-internal-node-2g0go2na.png Fig. 1 The quadratic bar element with offset in internal node position https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-cantilever-bar-with-a-distributed-axial-load-q-x-per-mnopdcon.png Fig. 8 A cantilever bar with a distributed axial load q(x) per unit length, (a) a single 3 noded MBAR3 element representing the cantilever bar with offset of the internal node from the central position, (b) the two kinds of load distributions q(x) used for the analysis; a uniformly distributed loading and a distribution linearly varying in position x https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-finite-element-fe-strain-as-an-orthogonal-188unzlz.png Fig. 3 The finite element (FE) strain as an orthogonal projection of the analytical strain onto the straindisplacement subspace for variationally correct formulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-variations-of-the-components-of-the-conventional-rt9j9wq8.png Fig. 11 The variations of the components of the conventional [BP] of the isoparametric PP element and the modified [BPC] matrices of the IPP element with distortion τ = 0.25. The half-length L of the element used here is 1 unit of length https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-variations-of-the-modified-shape-functions-with-1m8yqf0e.png Fig. 10 The variations of the modified shape functions with the non-dimensional co-ordinate ξ for distortion parameters τ = 0.25, 0 and -0.25 N 1 N 2 N 3, , https://scispace.com/papers/an-improvement-to-the-transesterification-process-by-the-use-unqkwkveck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cetane-number-estimated-for-the-fatty-acid-esters-1mwbbxlv.png Table 6 Cetane number estimated for the fatty acid esters (CNME). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rapeseed-oil-fatty-acid-profile-and-properties-2q2qpn0h.png Table 1 Rapeseed oil fatty acid profile and properties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thermodynamic-analysis-of-transesterification-1l0tgzjm.png Table 4 Thermodynamic analysis of transesterification process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-eyring-polanyi-plot-determination-of-the-variations-of-26ymh2nr.png Fig. 5. Eyring–Polanyi plot. Determination of the variations of enthalpy and entropy of activation during the reaction of transesterification. Best fit: ln(k/T) = 2356.5/ T 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kinetic-analysis-of-transesterification-process-tzh68xj2.png Table 3 Kinetic analysis of transesterification process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-arrhenius-plot-activation-energy-determination-for-381t0bb9.png Fig. 4. Arrhenius plot. Activation energy determination for transesterification process (best fit: lnk = 2634.8/T + 6.134; R2 = 0.97). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-of-biodiesel-characterization-2sczr3lx.png Table 5 Parameters of biodiesel characterization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-biodiesel-yield-influence-of-catalyst-concentration-2d07zde5.png Fig. 1. Biodiesel yield. Influence of catalyst concentration. https://scispace.com/papers/an-initial-approach-to-e-government-acceptance-and-use-a-20oe9hvxeh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-evolution-of-the-number-of-publications-uknp3m3s.png Figure I - Evolution of the number of publications https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-table-adapted-from-e-government-and-e-governance-niw8o9uk.png Table I - Table adapted from E-Government and E-Governance (Palvia & Sharma [7]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-table-with-variables-identified-in-the-articles-26l7jl9v.png Table II - Table with variables identified in the articles https://scispace.com/papers/an-indicator-cell-assay-for-blood-based-diagnostics-1qilkps8cz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-blind-accuracies-of-als-classifiers-3ngqlbj2.png Table 1. Blind accuracies of ALS classifiers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-leave-one-out-cross-validated-alzheimers-disease-2rrx2znw.png Table 4. Leave-one-out cross-validated Alzheimer’s disease classifier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-134-genes-from-the-als-gene-expression-classifier-7csapzzn.png Fig 3. The 134 genes from the ALS gene expression classifier. Genes that are either transcriptionally responsive to ER stress [32] or directly targeted by TFs ATF4 (Atf4) and CHOP (Ddit3) during ER stress [32] are shown as nodes (depicted using Cytoscape [33]). Node color indicates mean log2 differential expression level in the indicator cell assay (disease versus normal) ranging from –0.44 (green) to 0.1 (pink). Node shape indicates genes that are transcriptionally responsive to ER stress (oval) or are not (hexagon) [32]. 133 of the 134 genes are known to have human orthologs and underlined genes co-occur with “amyotrophic lateral sclerosis” in titles or abstracts of articles in PubMed (on 01/15/15). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-patient-classes-for-ad-icap-23kn1lky.png Table 3. Description of patient classes for AD iCAP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-als-classifier-accuracies-with-6-huntingtons-disease-jcsv6kdo.png Table 2. ALS classifier accuracies with 6 Huntington’s disease samples included in test set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classifier-pipelines-i-47-training-samples-or-12-test-1p79nhj6.png Fig 2. Classifier pipelines. I. 47 training samples or 12 test samples passed through the pre-processing pipeline, which resulted in normalized gene intensity scores. II. The classifiers were trained. 12 non-carrier (noncar.) samples in the 47 training examples were used to construct a linear model of gene expression based on control genes, which was used to convert all gene intensities into log2 gene expression ratios. These ratios were used to identify differentially expressed gene sets and ultimately select 64 gene sets or 134 genes that could differentiate between non-carrier and pre-symptomatic carrier mice using SVMs. III. The classifiers were tested. Gene intensities from 12 pre-processed but de-identified examples were converted to expression ratios using the linear model trained in II, and data sets composed of the 64 gene sets or 134 genes identified in II were extracted. The de-identified examples described by these data sets were classified as carrier or non-carrier using the SVMs trained in II. The pipeline for Classifier 3 was identical to that of Classifier 1 except that a different GSA score threshold was used (|GSA| 1 instead of GSA -1), resulting in selection of 106 gene sets instead of 64. For classifier testing with Huntington’s samples, classifiers were trained with all 59 normal and disease samples (not shown) and tested against 6 Huntington’s samples. For each classifier configuration, the https://scispace.com/papers/an-innovative-machine-learning-based-scheduling-solution-for-1h9fts7sa1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-notations-186xavb2.png TABLE I: List of Notations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-qos-provisioning-gbr-delay-and-plr-for-uhd-vr-based-n1sm5h56.png Fig. 4: (a) QoS provisioning (GBR, delay and PLR) for UHD VR-based live video streaming; (b) 5th Percentile throughput performance for UHD VR-based live video streaming; (c) 5th Percentile PSNR performance for UHD VR-based live video streaming; (d) Heterogeneous QoS provisioning (GBR, delay and PLR) for all traffic classes; (e) 95th Percentile PLR performance per traffic type when the range of heterogeneous users is [10, 30]; (f) 95th Percentile PLR performance per traffic type when the range of heterogeneous users is [31, 50]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-highly-dynamic-immersive-live-uhd-streaming-example-2drhkmk0.png Fig. 1: Highly dynamic immersive live UHD streaming example scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-learning-performance-of-different-configurations-of-2rzt57hd.png TABLE II: Learning Performance of Different Configurations of Neural Networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cacla-based-rl-controller-architecture-1npqoi8e.png Fig. 3: CACLA-based RL controller architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-5g-uav-based-live-streaming-framework-18ttnzf9.png Fig. 2: Proposed 5G UAV-based live streaming framework. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-system-complexity-of-involved-schedulers-10p5zvf1.png Fig. 5: System complexity of involved schedulers. https://scispace.com/papers/an-inquiry-based-exercise-for-demonstrating-prey-preference-1u3j10pp3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-7unf8n28.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/an-integrated-numerical-model-for-wave-soil-pipeline-1bkqmosmun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1vjrfjwp.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1yc8069n.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/an-integrated-neuro-mechanical-model-of-c-elegans-forward-3oybj4klgz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-parameters-for-a-self-oscillating-tail-unit-as-in-1icftzq6.png Table A-1. Parameters for a self-oscillating tail unit (as in Ref. [12]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-parameters-for-body-units-and-tail-body-ss9q0pxx.png Table A-2. Parameters for body units and tail-body interactions as in Ref. [12]. All body-unit parameters that are not included here are the same as for the tail unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-physical-model-illustrating-v99gddml.png Fig. 1. A: Schematic diagram of the physical model illustrating nomenclature (see Appendix B for details). B: The neural model, with only two units (one body, one tail). AVB is electrically coupled to each of the motor neurons via gap junctions (resistor symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-oscillations-of-a-the-original-neural-model-12-and-b-f4xwr28o.png Fig. 2. Oscillations of, A, the original neural model [12] and, B, the integrated model (with drag of 80×10−6kg.s−1). Note the different time scales. C: Oscillation frequency as a function of drag. The zero frequency point indicates that the unit can no longer oscillate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-parameters-of-the-physical-model-note-that-values-25s4ukk1.png Table B-1. Parameters of the physical model. Note that values for θ0 and θ ′ 0 differ from Ref. [12] and Table A-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-lagged-oscillation-of-two-units-a-bending-angles-2o8pxtuz.png Fig. 3. Phase lagged oscillation of two units. A: Bending angles extracted from a recording of a forward locomoting worm on an agarose substrate. The traces are of two points along the worm (near the middle and 1 12 of a body length apart). B: Simulation of two coupled units in the neural model. C: Simulation of the integrated model. Take note of the faster oscillations in subplot B. https://scispace.com/papers/an-integrated-application-of-security-testing-methodologies-3xjla4my73 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-osstmm-the-scope-process-1332hd3v.png Fig. 1. OSSTMM: The Scope Process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transition-from-old-to-new-assumptions-1uzr18tp.png Fig. 2. Transition from old to new assumptions https://scispace.com/papers/an-integrated-statistical-model-of-emergency-department-kxau60h6bl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-testing-of-model-variables-with-effect-1lebk70e.png Table 2 Statistical testing of model variables with effect sizes for the three outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-all-variables-analysed-380-afprz1cz.png Table 1 Summary of all variables analysed 380 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-narrative-interpretation-and-summary-of-model-2dx2c0bg.png Table 3 Narrative interpretation and summary of model parameter estimates† https://scispace.com/papers/an-interaction-system-for-watch-computers-using-tactile-6x62gumyik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-inter-landmark-linear-segments-may-be-used-to-3otsr3y6.png Figure 4. (a) Inter-landmark linear segments may be used to simulate widgets: slider, spinner wheel, and spring-loaded wheel. (b) The widget used may depend on the starting landmark and direction with which the stroke motion begins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-menu-traversal-with-segmented-strokes-first-stroke-2rctnq64.png Figure 5, Menu traversal with segmented strokes. First stroke selects menu tree; stroke + tap in lower left. Subsequent strokes traverse hierarchical tree; multiple single- length stokes (beginner) or longer continuous strokes (intermediate) along right edge + tap in lower left corner. Tap in upper left steps back. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-touchpad-based-prototypes-a-rectangular-overlay-2so8j4vq.png Figure 3. Touchpad based prototypes: (a) Rectangular overlay simulating the touchscreen and frame of the IBM WatchPad. (b) Circular overlay simulating circular watch bezel with extruded landmarks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sensor-arrangements-for-touch-sensitive-surfaces-36smjtqe.png Figure 2. Sensor arrangements for touch-sensitive surfaces with frames and watch bezels with tactile landmarks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-menu-hierarchy-traversing-shortcut-with-2v4k6es9.png Figure 6. Menu hierarchy traversing shortcut with concatenated strokes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-proposed-menu-interface-design-for-two-different-3vmoge08.png Figure 1. (a) Proposed menu interface design for two different watch faces (shown actual size). (b) Tactile landmarks: inside corners of touchscreen frame, extruded bezel segments. https://scispace.com/papers/an-introduction-to-empiric-approach-to-the-resource-curse-1ssxxc7shv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-irf-for-dominican-republic-1brfhdre.png Figure 3: IRF for Dominican Republic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-irf-for-barbados-31ilrt1i.png Figure 2: IRF for Barbados https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-irf-for-bahrein-os9pnfof.png Figure 1: IRF for Bahrein https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-variables-19vm22d7.png Table 1: Description of variables https://scispace.com/papers/an-introductory-study-of-common-grasps-used-by-adults-during-y8d16kkkks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-areas-of-the-adl-in-the-study-with-number-of-videos-12lbrqfd.png Table 1. Areas of the ADL in the study with number of videos analysed https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-daily-time-of-use-of-each-grasp-type-globally-and-296rebv9.png Table 6. Daily time of use of each grasp type globally and distinguishing between the areas of ADL https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mean-duration-of-grasps-for-each-hand-lh-left-hand-2gqgvfmt.png Table 7. Mean duration of grasps for each hand (LH: left hand; RH: right hand) when used alone or simultaneously. The groups represent grasps between which there is no statistically significant difference in mean time of use https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-grasps-considered-in-the-taxonomy-2nuoqb4i.png Table 2. Description of the grasps considered in the taxonomy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-daily-time-hours-and-minutes-per-day-spent-in-each-1z6761k1.png Table 3. Daily time (hours and minutes) per day spent in each area, adapted from ATUS, and estimated time per day that hands are used in each area of ADL. *Time spent on sports is excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-daily-total-frequency-and-time-that-each-type-of-3on6yeqe.png Table 4. Daily total frequency and time that each type of grasp is used https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-duration-of-each-type-of-grasp-the-groups-2fx0yifb.png Table 5. Mean duration of each type of grasp. The groups represent grasps between which there is no statistically significant difference in mean time of use https://scispace.com/papers/an-intrusion-detection-system-against-malicious-attacks-on-1pea41cdb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-screenshot-of-simulation-in-ns-2-nam-1i9px25z.png Fig. 2 Screenshot of Simulation in NS-2 NAM https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-accuracy-of-classification-1rqi48x4.png Table 4 Accuracy of Classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-recognition-rate-3juhbe9b.png Table 7 Recognition Rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-recognition-rate-1i77t8pb.png Table 5 Recognition Rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architecture-of-ids-1srvd1bo.png Fig. 3 Architecture of IDS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-the-process-of-responding-to-cases-of-2qbhm64r.png Fig. 1. An example of the process of responding to cases of emergency on the road https://scispace.com/papers/an-investigation-into-the-effectiveness-of-sensory-2t9ojj85pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-different-sensory-systems-and-examples-of-items-avy53cat.png Table 1 The different sensory systems and examples of items or interventions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-sensory-modulation-on-seclusion-2yh18f0a.png Table 2. Impact of sensory modulation on seclusion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impact-of-sensory-modulation-on-self-rated-distress-299imb1p.png Figure 1. Impact of sensory modulation on self-rated distress https://scispace.com/papers/an-investigation-of-lsf-ysz-conductive-scaffolds-for-2xd83ww9p0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nyquist-plots-of-symmetric-cells-with-different-18e9l187.png Figure 4. Nyquist plots of symmetric cells with different cathode scaffolds in air as a function of the number of infiltration rounds in the scaffold. Hollow symbols ( ) are for cells with bare scaffolds and filled symbols are for cells with two rounds ( ) and eight rounds ( ) of infiltration of LSCF. Data are shown at 973 K in (a) and 1073 K in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oxygen-fluxes-as-a-function-of-temperature-measured-23gyhwcw.png Figure 3. Oxygen fluxes as a function of temperature measured in a membrane reactor using flowing CO on one side and air on the other. Data are shown for a) a dense, 40-wt% LSF82-YSZ membrane and b) an LSF82 membrane. Both membranes were 330 μm thick, with catalyst layers on both sides to reduce surface resistances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-conductivity-of-dense-50-wt-lsf-ysz-u4mcr8b5.png Figure 2. Total conductivity of dense 50-wt% LSF:YSZ composites and pure LSF as a function of the La:Sr ratio in the LSF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-patterns-of-lsf-ysz-mixtures-after-calcination-2zs5ob5f.png Figure 1. XRD patterns of LSF-YSZ mixtures after calcination at 1623 K for 4 h with different LSF:YSZ weight ratios (as indicated in the figure) and different La:Sr ratios in the LSF. The bottom pattern is that of a physical mixture of a 50-wt% LSF91-YSZ mixture prior to calcination. (a) shows the XRD patterns over a wider range of angles while (b) reports the same patterns in the region shown between the dashed lines in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-co-fired-scaffold-1ie7co0d.png Figure 5. Scanning Electron Micrographs of co-fired scaffold-YSZ electrolyte interfaces. Data are show for (a) a pure YSZ scaffold, (b) a 50:50 LSF91-YSZ composite scaffold and (c) a pure LSF91 scaffold. https://scispace.com/papers/an-investigation-of-temporal-modeling-in-blind-signal-52fms5agid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-im-across-15-mixed-pairs-of-natural-speech-3nrc5txp.png Fig. 3. Average IM across 15 mixed pairs of natural speech signals. Prediction order ranges from 1-133. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-im-across-15-mixed-pairs-of-artificial-voiced-38i8emt3.png Fig. 2. Average IM across 15 mixed pairs of artificial voiced speech. Prediction order ranges from 1-133. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-im-across-15-mixed-pairs-of-artificial-1521eq5p.png Fig. 1. Average IM across 15 mixed pairs of artificial unvoiced speech. Prediction order ranges from 1-50. https://scispace.com/papers/an-investigation-of-the-impact-of-recertification-19jy9bu9rn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-factors-influencing-recertification-3sxa1bh6.png Table 5: Factors influencing recertification https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-perceived-importance-of-certification-for-student-3bfrhsmt.png Table 2: Perceived importance of certification for student participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-benefits-of-certification-as-perceived-by-student-23dg19wb.png Table 3: Benefits of certification as perceived by student participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-background-information-about-the-ict-professional-2zqkcob9.png Table 6: Background information about the ICT professional participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-importance-ratings-for-factors-influencing-3bw15pb3.png Table 7: Importance ratings for factors influencing recertification https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-student-knowledge-of-recertification-requirements-2dn0oase.png Table 4: Student knowledge of recertification requirements https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-background-information-about-the-student-3p9ftahk.png Table 1: Background information about the student participants https://scispace.com/papers/an-object-oriented-cluster-search-algorithm-1ym4eh76xk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-example-20v0en9j.png Figure 2. Network example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-network-example-the-shortest-path-between-inlet-and-2gcvffjx.png Figure 3. Network example: the shortest path between inlet and outlet is 10-8-11-4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-a-pore-network-object-pzjechpr.png Figure 1. The structure of a pore network object https://scispace.com/papers/an-object-oriented-neural-network-toolbox-based-on-design-1kq9ksont0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-different-neural-network-topologies-a-feed-forward-b-2t9h2znf.png Fig. 2. Different neural network topologies: (a) feed forward, (b) radial basis, (c) recurrent, (d) Hopfield [Hopfield, 1982]. Note that networks (a), (b) and (c) are organised in layers, and belong to the same topology category; moreover, while (a), (b) and (c) share some topological commonalities their training and use is completely different. https://scispace.com/papers/an-object-oriented-environment-for-developing-finite-element-4u7mzk1j18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-42-color-online-actual-boundary-temperature-red-313atb1s.png Fig. 42 (Color online) Actual boundary temperature (red), estimated boundary temperature (green) and measured temperature at the center of the square (blue) for the boundary temperature estimation problem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-processinfos-linked-list-mechanism-for-holding-the-36umn208.png Fig. 23 ProcessInfo’s linked list mechanism for holding the history of solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-very-simple-explicit-fsi-coupling-procedure-2uxatull.png Table 4 A very simple explicit FSI coupling procedure implemented in Python https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-elements-structure-using-strategy-pattern-ad0cubtc.png Fig. 26 Elements’ structure using strategy pattern https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-adaptor-class-3fzp4h3i.png Fig. 7 Adaptor class https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-using-buffer-for-all-variables-results-in-memory-ks87comc.png Fig. 17 Using buffer for all variables results in memory overhead due to redundant copies of no historical variables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-31-extended-multi-format-and-medium-io-structure-3938oglv.png Fig. 31 Extended Multi format and Medium IO structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-deferring-different-parts-of-the-algorithm-to-2b37aq42.png Fig. 30 Deferring different parts of the algorithm to BuilderAndSolver and Scheme https://scispace.com/papers/an-objective-comparison-of-pulsed-lock-in-and-frequency-2fszc0touo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-test-piece-and-experimental-setup-lipricwa.png FIGURE 1. Test piece and experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equations-governing-matched-energy-comparison-for-13vm5900.png TABLE 1. Equations governing matched energy comparison for the three thermal NDE techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-snr-as-a-function-of-defect-depth-2sqx8t8i.png FIGURE 2. Plot of SNR as a function of defect depth. https://scispace.com/papers/an-observational-study-of-community-acquired-severe-sepsis-4zk41zw2rn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-age-specific-annual-incidence-of-sepsis-w6n1sf88.png Figure 4. Age-specific annual incidence of sepsis hospitalizations by gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-in-hospital-mortality-in-patients-with-community-1pfz4ol9.png Table 4 In-hospital mortality in patients with community acquired severe sepsis at Haukeland University Hospital in 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-host-immune-response-to-sepsis-and-impact-of-35eb4k0o.png Figure 6: Host immune response to sepsis and impact of immunomodulation therapies. Continuous lines: possible patient immune status; dotted lines: potential effects of therapies; BP: blood purification techniques; IS+: immunostimulant drugs. Copyright © 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Reprinted with permission from [225]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-in-hospital-mortality-in-patients-with-community-3f54y45a.png Table 4 In-hospital mortality in patients with community acquired severe sepsis at Haukeland University Hospital in 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-length-of-stay-and-outcome-in-icu-and-non-icu-32yn8yzd.png Table 4 In-hospital mortality in patients with community acquired severe sepsis at Haukeland University Hospital in 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-choice-of-empirical-antimicrobial-regimen-according-3p7acez8.png Table 3 Choice of empirical antimicrobial regimen according to suspected and confirmed focus of infection and compliance with recommendations (n/n (%)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-classification-of-five-case-nckvatni.png Figure 3. Distribution of classification of five case vignettes of patients with suspected or confirmed infection and organ dysfunction, done by 94 practicing intensivists. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-host-response-to-sepsis-importantly-direction-fq3k8ew7.png Figure 1. The host response to sepsis. Importantly, direction, extent, and duration of the septic response is determined by both host factors, such as genetic composition, https://scispace.com/papers/an-ontology-based-framework-for-semantic-grid-service-wua9s8z1t9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-semantic-grid-services-ontology-o3itdp4k.png Fig. 2. Semantic Grid Services Ontology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sample-application-a-document-storage-service-3cfn6qf2.png Fig. 1. A Sample Application: a Document Storage Service. https://scispace.com/papers/an-open-source-interactive-java-based-system-for-rapid-3ysq9br2xj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-testing-results-including-coding-success-rate-g03qwvwe.png Table 1. Testing Results, including coding success rate, average length of phrases, personal abbreviations added, and misspellings corrected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-flow-chart-of-the-search-process-where-n-is-the-xbcrdw4s.png Figure 1. A flow chart of the search process, where N is the number of UMLS codes found by the algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/an-open-source-platform-for-the-integration-of-distributed-3em6s5sb9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-domain-connector-sequence-diagram-2emihhof.png Figure 4 Domain Connector Sequence Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-osiris-service-view-xg3468tm.png Figure 2 OSIRIS Service view https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-osiris-node-basic-profile-105yxzfq.png Figure 3 OSIRIS Node Basic profile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-osiris-platform-phipfp0s.png Figure 1 The OSIRIS Platform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-internet-connector-sequence-diagram-ijhxp3wh.png Figure 5 Internet Connector Sequence Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/an-optimization-model-for-antenna-selection-and-deployment-35ec77s3fx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1antenna-downtilt-angle-3hxfoofz.png Figure 1Antenna downtilt angle https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-parameters-1c3j1rys.png Table 1 Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-four-multi-cell-configurations-a-triangular-multi-1scli9bk.png Figure 9 Four multi-cell configurations (a) Triangular multi-cell (b) hexagon multi-cell (c) conventional rectangular multi-cell (d) offset rectangular multi-cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calibration-factor-x-vs-antenna-half-power-68c86hoj.png Figure 3 Calibration factor x vs antenna half power beamwidth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-model-of-antenna-radiation-pattern-with-half-30nhax0o.png Figure 2 3D model of antenna radiation pattern with half power beamwidth (a) 70 (b) 100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forward-link-power-distribution-of-rectangular-cell-313yr2c0.png Figure 4 Forward link power distribution of rectangular cell when antenna downtilt angle is (a) 10 (b) 45 (c) 70 (d) 90 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimal-downtilt-angle-for-rectangular-cell-3dtcm9pa.png Figure 5: Optimal downtilt angle for rectangular cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effective-coverage-per-antenna-vs-antenna-half-3uzjqslk.png Figure 8 Effective coverage per antenna vs antenna half power beamwidth 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 https://scispace.com/papers/an-organic-d-p-a-dye-for-record-efficiency-solid-state-486ammedwi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-charge-collection-efficiency-of-a-ssdsc-sensitized-24ylshl3.png Figure 4. Charge collection efficiency of a ssDSC sensitized with C220 (blue) and Z907 (red) at 1 sun illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electron-lifetime-solid-squares-and-circles-and-xouxyjha.png Figure 3. Electron lifetime (solid squares and circles) and transport time (open squares and circles) determined by photocurrent and photovoltage decay measurements of a ssDSC fabricated with C220 (blue) and Z907 (red). Measurements were performed at 1 sun illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-j-v-characteristics-of-a-ssdsc-sensitized-with-2y8ivjoy.png Figure 2. (a) J-V characteristics of a ssDSC sensitized with C220 measured by the NREL photovoltaic calibration laboratory under standard reporting conditions, i.e., illumination with AM1.5G sunlight (intensity 100 mW cm-2) and at 298 K. Cell active area tested (with a mask): 0.3033 cm2. (b) Incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra of C220 and Z907 dye-sensitized devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-molecular-structures-of-c220-a-and-z907-b-7xdhskua.png Figure 1. The molecular structures of C220 (a) and Z907 (b). https://scispace.com/papers/an-outsourcing-model-for-lead-users-an-empirical-grl41xrd7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-theoretical-framework-3t785fl1.png Figure 1 Summary of theoretical framework https://scispace.com/papers/an-overview-of-large-dimensional-covariance-and-precision-3wc6nb0e01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-average-eigenvalues-of-the-sample-1tckr1zn.png FIGURE 3 Comparison of the average eigenvalues of the sample, linear (Ledoit–Wolf linear shrinker), and nonlinear (Ledoit–Wolf nonlinear shrinker and nonparametric eigenvalue‐regularized covariance matrix estimator) covariance estimators for UHPLC‐MS data with 100 peaks and, A, 25 samples, B, 50 samples and, C, 100 samples over 100 repetitions in which the samples were randomly selected from the data matrix. The “reference” eigenvalues were estimated using all 1189 samples. Note that LW‐LIN was used in combination with the Ledoit–Wolf analytical expression for the optimal amount of shrinkage (see Section 3.1) UHPLC‐MS indicates Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography ‐ Mass Spectrometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percentage-of-variance-explained-by-the-top-k-2pz3o9ft.png FIGURE 4 Percentage of variance explained by the top k principal components based on the eigenvalues of different covariance estimates for UHPLC‐MS data with 100 peaks and 100 samples. The average is based on 100 repetitions in which the samples were randomly selected from the data matrix. The “reference” and “out‐of‐sample” estimates were based on all 1189 samples. PCs indicates principal components; UHPLC‐MS, Ultra‐ High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography ‐ Mass Spectrometry; LW‐LIN, Ledoit‐Wolf linear shrinker; LW‐NONLIN, Ledoit‐Wolf nonlinear shrinker; NERCOME, nonparametric eigenvalue‐regularized covariance matrix estimator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-of-the-uhplc-ms-data-by-multivariate-zsngtyf3.png FIGURE 5 Analysis of the UHPLC‐MS data by multivariate analysis of variance using various regularization approaches. The introduced group difference (effect size) is plotted against the percentage of cases for which a significant difference was observed (power). For each method, a permutation test in combinationwith theWilk's lambda test‐statistic was used to determine the statistical significance (α= 0.05). LW‐LIN indicates Ledoit–Wolf linear shrinker; LW‐NONLIN, Ledoit–Wolf nonlinear shrinker; NERCOME, nonparametric eigenvalue‐regularized covariance matrix estimator; UHPLC‐ MS, Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography ‐ Mass Spectrometry; ASCA, ANOVA simultaneous component analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-popular-thresholding-penalties-and-their-1jmvt6ws.png TABLE 1 Overview of popular thresholding penalties and their solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-overview-of-the-3-families-of-covariance-and-30iqyri1.png FIGURE 1 An overview of the 3 families of covariance and precision matrix estimators that are discussed in this paper https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-nonexhaustive-list-of-matlab-and-or-r-2yeizao6.png TABLE 2 A nonexhaustive list of Matlab and/or R implementations of eigenvalue shrinkage, ridge‐type, and structured estimators for the covariance and precision matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-original-values-plotted-against-thresholded-values-16l1ai8v.png FIGURE 6 Original values plotted against thresholded values for different thresholding operators SCAD indicates smoothly clipped absolute deviation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boxplots-of-the-eigenvalues-of-the-sample-29q8sndt.png FIGURE 2 Boxplots of the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix for simulated data with 10 variables and, A, 5 samples, B, 20 samples and, C, 100 samples over 100 simulations. The dashed line indicates the population eigenvalues. The simulated samples were drawn from a multivariate Gaussian distribution with zero mean and the identity matrix as covariance matrix https://scispace.com/papers/an-sry-negative-47-xxy-mother-and-daughter-3zpe5f1pyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization-of-probes-for-arse-zjzkz92p.png Fig. 1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of probes for ARSE (green) and SHOX (red) to metaphase spreads of lymphoblastoid cells of R.M. The position of the centromere is indicated by the white line on one X chromosome and on the Y chromosome. Note the Xp-specific ARSE signals close to the pseudoautosomal SHOX signals on all three sex chromosomes. The green signals on Yq derive from the ARSE pseudogene (see Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/papers/an-sdp-approach-to-multi-level-crossing-minimization-1mmfmzqhk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-polytopes-and-further-known-instances-1gm9a2zs.png Table 3: Results for Polytopes and further known instances. Cube3(4) denotes a 3(4)-dimensional cube. z∗ gives the optimal objective value (or final lower and upper bound), and tlb , tub the time for the lower and upper bound, respectively. ILP-time gives the time of the ILP approach; when the process terminated due to insufficient memory (2GB restriction due to 32bit), we give the respective time up to this point and the final lower and upper bound. Due to its complexity, we only computed 50 function evaluations of f(λ, µ) for soccer ball. The last column gives the reported running time in the cited paper to obtain the optimal solution (or TO=timeout). All times are given in seconds or as h:min:sec. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-results-for-the-sdp-approach-on-real-world-2wmn81u7.png Table 2: The results for the SDP approach on real-world benchmark instances with cr > 0. The results are split into four categories: whether or not SDP found a proven optimal solution (“optimal”), and whether this solution was better than the one from the respective heuristic (“imp” vs. “ni”=no improvement) (see benchmark description). The instances are grouped by matrix dimension ζ in intervals of 300, where ζ is less than the given number. “#” denotes the number of instances, “cr (std)” reports mean and standard deviation of the optimal crossing numbers, “diff (max)” gives the average and maximal difference between the optimal and the heuristic solution. tlb and tub give the average time (in seconds) to compute the lower bound (via the relaxation (SDPi)) and the upper bound (via the rounding heuristic described in Subsection 3.4), respectively. We also give the number of instances not solved to optimality by the ILP approach (¬opt) as well as the average solution time over the other instances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-original-graph-size-and-z-2i7jtfi2.png Figure 1: Correlation between original graph size and ζ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-drawing-optimal-ordering-for-sm96-full-hazkbx5k.png Figure 2: Example drawing: optimal ordering for SM96-full (graph proposed in [28]), requiring 149 crossings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sdp-and-ilp-approaches-on-random-graphs-with-27ataifa.png Table 1: SDP and ILP approaches on random graphs with representatively chosen values for d, n and p. “X” denotes the number of instances solved to optimality (out of 10) ,“time” gives the average time (in seconds) over the solved instances. For the ILP, no instance with d ≥ 0.2 could be solved. https://scispace.com/papers/an-ultramassive-1-28-m-white-dwarf-in-ngc-2099-3xpxb6f7m1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ifmr-data-from-papers-i-and-ii-gray-are-plotted-3g8c6zer.png Figure 3. IFMR data from Papers I and II (gray) are plotted with the three newly observed members of NGC 2099 (black). WD25 and WD28 are strongly consistent with the previous data, while the ultramassive WD33 gives a very low Minitial but with significant mass errors (1σ,black; 2σ,red). Because the initial and final mass errors in WD33 are not independent, we also display a curve showing the direct and strong relation between adopted Mfinal and the resulting Minitial. We also include VPHASJ1103-5837 and the updated Pleiades white dwarfs. The fit relation displayed does not consider WD33 due to its significant errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-upper-panel-shows-the-effective-distance-modulus-2gowyntk.png Figure 1. Upper panel shows the effective distance modulus for the DA members (solid black) and nonmembers (x), and the DB white dwarf (open square). The data are plotted vs. predicted -B V( )0 and are compared to the NGC 2099 members from Paper I (solid gray). The lower panel shows the effective reddening vs. predicted ( -B V )0. The solid lines illustrate the color trends for distance modulus and reddening. All white dwarfs are plotted with their 1σ error bars, and white dwarfs within 2σ of the trend in both distance modulus and reddening are considered members. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-upper-three-panels-show-the-balmer-line-fits-for-203fk7hd.png Figure 2. Upper three panels show the Balmer line fits for the three white dwarf members of NGC 2099. The spectrum of WD33 has been binned for display purposes. The Hβ, Hγ, Hδ, Hò, and H8 fits are shown from bottom to top. The lower panel shows the fit of WD27ʼs He features, where we have adopted a pure He atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-white-dwarf-initial-and-final-parameters-35eu3gqh.png Table 1 White Dwarf Initial and Final Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-these-panels-illustrate-how-log-radius-log-g-2jmf1g4z.png Figure 4. These panels illustrate how log radius, log g, cooling age, and log L/L vary with Mfinal at constant Teff in the ONe models of Althaus et al. (2007) plus consistent higher-mass models. Green represents the derived Teff of WD33 at 32,900 K. The lower two panels illustrate the effects of the±1100 K Teff errors by plotting 34,000 K (blue) and 31,800 K (red). The cooling age at 1.38 M is not displayed but is - https://scispace.com/papers/an-unequivocal-synthesis-of-2-aryl-substituted-3-amino-2-4-5-1qnserjtb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-tested-for-the-treatment-of-2d9upkc3.png Table 1 Experimental conditions tested for the treatment of 1a with phenylhydrazine 4 (R3 = Ph) 285 286 287 288 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-258-259-260-lj7c0dlr.png FIGURE 1 258 259 260 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-266-267-268-13hcierx.png FIGURE 2 266 267 268 https://scispace.com/papers/an-ultraviolet-to-radio-broadband-spectral-atlas-of-nearby-59p2345u2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-txsz41y4.png TABLE 1 Galaxy Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-galaxy-data-3odo5tdj.png TABLE 1 Galaxy Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-u0sch50z.png TABLE 3—Continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-similar-to-fig-6-but-with-symbol-size-scaled-according-e40eaput.png Fig. 8.—Similar to Fig. 6, but with symbol size scaled according to the ratio of unresolved to resolved 24 m emission; the largest symbols have this ratio equal to 10. Each data point is also symbolized according to the ratio of nuclear to total 24 m emission (see x 5.3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-examples-of-galaxies-with-clumpy-holmberg-ii-28gmhqsd.png Fig. 7.—Examples of galaxies with clumpy (Holmberg II ), unresolved (NGC 1266), and smooth (NGC 2841) 24 m emission. The left, middle, and right panels, respectively, show the original 24 m images, images of the point sources therein, and the differences in the original and point-source images (see x 5.3). The images are approximately 70000 across ( 12, 100, and 35 kpc for Holmberg II, NGC 1266, and NGC 2841, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ratio-of-unresolved-to-resolved-24-m-emission-as-a-1hc33iqc.png Fig. 9.—Ratio of unresolved to resolved 24 m emission as a function of farinfrared color (see x 5.3). A 25% uncertainty is used for the error bars in the unresolved-to-resolved ratio. The symbol sizes are scaled according to galaxy distance (see legend). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-irac-aperture-correction-parameters-2ykskmdb.png TABLE 4 IRAC Aperture Correction Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-infrared-to-ultraviolet-ratio-as-a-function-of-galaxy-2hzsqtpp.png Fig. 4.—Infrared-to-ultraviolet ratio as a function of galaxy disk inclination. The dotted line, normalized to an infrared-to-ultraviolet ratio of unity at zero inclination, shows the expected effect of extinction on the ultraviolet data with changing inclination using the thin-disk model and a central face-on optical depth in the B band of fB ¼ 2 described in Tuffs et al. (2004). The error bars stem from the observational uncertainties. https://scispace.com/papers/an-update-on-topical-haemostatic-agents-in-liver-surgery-3plxhqd9gd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-graph-review-authors-judgements-about-2d4xhqhs.png Figure. 2 Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. https://scispace.com/papers/an-xml-based-collaborative-framework-for-asic-edesign-2c6wn4z39o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-architecture-and-functional-diagram-of-the-3od9nubz.png Figure 2: System Architecture and Functional Diagram of the Proposed Design Framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-socml-xml-schema-attributes-cfphhff2.png Figure 3. SOCML XML Schema, attributes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-soc-asic-design-process-2s5dznhu.png Figure 1. SoC/ASIC Design Process https://scispace.com/papers/analog-network-coding-for-multi-user-multi-carrier-1xqvn3h3tq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-and-theoretical-results-of-ber-performance-3chr454w.png Fig. 7: Simulation and theoretical results of BER performance under an AWGN channel for different number of subcarriers M . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-ber-comparison-of-the-anc-based-mc-dcsk-scheme-2gutaubb.png Fig. 8: The BER comparison of the ANC-based MC-DCSK scheme with and without self-interference cancellation under an AWGN channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulation-and-theoretical-expression-results-of-ber-3oeqs15t.png Fig. 9: Simulation and theoretical expression results of BER performance under multipath Rayleigh fading channel for the number of users L = 5, L = 10 and the spreading factors β = 50, β = 160, with the number of subcarriers M = 32 and the number of paths V = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-anc-based-dcsk-mapping-scheme-2nbk9709.png TABLE I: ANC-based DCSK mapping scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-block-diagram-of-the-receiver-a-that-decodes-the-731l5na4.png Fig. 6: Block diagram of the receiver A that decodes the signal transmitted by user B, in the ANC-based MC-DCSK system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multipath-fading-channel-model-1zj4w2ti.png Fig. 2: Multipath fading channel model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulation-results-of-ber-performance-for-mcdcsk-and-cozdh0og.png Fig. 11: Simulation results of BER performance for MCDCSK and DCSK schemes under multipath Rician fading channel for the number of users L = 5, and L = 2 and the spreading factor of β = 50 and the number of paths V = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulation-and-theoretical-expression-results-of-ber-1g6e272u.png Fig. 10: Simulation and theoretical expression results of BER performance under multipath Rician fading channel for the number of users L = 5, L = 6 and the spreading factors of β = 50, β = 100, with the number of subcarriers M = 32 and the number of paths V = 2. https://scispace.com/papers/analysing-the-effect-of-clarifying-questions-on-document-2nltzxx2mv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-most-frequent-4-grams-to-answers-of-clarifying-2htrdvyr.png Figure 1: Most frequent 4-grams to answers of clarifying questions. Each word covers an arc proportional to its frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlation-between-the-length-of-the-26a35knc.png Table 4: Pearson correlation between the length of the question and answer w.r.t. Δ𝑁𝐷𝐶𝐺 from the original query (𝑄0). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qualitative-analysis-of-clarification-rounds-with-3rl08ho3.png Table 3: Qualitative analysis of clarification rounds with single-word negative answers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-the-heuristic-ranker-with-variations-8myjsjzu.png Table 5: Comparison of the heuristic ranker with variations of the QL model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-between-20-when-using-0-and-percentage-2rnjaguh.png Table 2: Correlation between 𝑁𝐷𝐶𝐺@20 when using 𝑄0 and percentage of positive, negative answers per facet. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-and-design-of-a-two-speed-single-phase-induction-2gmz28jnkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-starting-and-rated-load-torque-as-a-function-of-3j58tnhe.png Fig. 14. Starting and rated load torque as a function of capacitance in the 18 pole motor configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-transients-for-starting-against-rated-load-in-2-pole-2hv1gthh.png Fig. 11. Transients for starting against rated load in 2 pole configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-flux-lines-and-flux-density-in-the-cross-section-of-2yx7ptdu.png Fig. 12. Flux lines and flux density in the cross-section of the motor operating on load in the 18 pole configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-flux-lines-and-flux-density-in-the-cross-section-of-20onmbr6.png Fig. 13. Flux lines and flux density in the cross-section of the motor operating on load in the 2 pole configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electrical-connections-for-the-high-speed-2-pole-fieky84d.png Fig. 1. Electrical connections for the high speed 2-pole configuration and for the low speed 18-pole configuration. The 18-pole field is produced with a Steinmetz delta connection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electrical-circuit-for-steinmetz-wye-connection-16kc4l87.png Fig. 3. Electrical circuit for Steinmetz wye connection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-equivalent-main-and-auxiliary-winding-for-steinmetz-1sf4mmqx.png Fig. 4. Equivalent main and auxiliary winding for Steinmetz delta connection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-equivalent-main-and-auxiliary-winding-for-steinmetz-3nrle6mm.png Fig. 5. Equivalent main and auxiliary winding for Steinmetz wye connection. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-and-evaluation-of-magnetism-of-black-toners-on-225if77gbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-measurements-of-magnetic-flux-2sd0uep0.png Figure 2: Comparison of the measurements of magnetic flux made by three different operators. For each couple of operators, the correlation coefficient ⇢ is reported. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-and-standard-deviation-sd-of-measured-magnetic-3bo3euyn.png Table 3: Mean and standard deviation (SD) of measured magnetic flux by three different operators on each of 61 documents printed under controlled conditions. Each operator performed three measurements per document. Note that the measuring device only gives integer numbers as an output reading. The column on the far right-hand side indicates the toner type as determined in previous research [5, 6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-the-difference-between-the-mean-of-the-2t0tk01u.png Figure 3: Plots of the difference between the mean of the replicate measurements of magnetic flux by distinct operators against the mean of those measurements for a total of 61 documents printed under controlled conditions. On each of the 61 documents, each operator has performed three measurements. In each plot, the dashed line ( ) represents the mean of the differences between averaged values for individual documents obtained by each operator, whereas the dotted lines (· · ·) represent the mean ± two times the standard deviations of the differences between single measurements (Equation (1)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-i-and-ii-different-representations-of-the-normal-j34xlluv.png Figure 5: (i) and (ii): Different representations of the Normal prior (dashed line) and posterior (solid line) distributions for the mean magnetic flux ✓ of documents printed by the machine used for generating documents one and three in the numerical example discussed in Section 3.5.2. (iii) and (iv) Marginal distributions at the numerator (iii) and denominator (iv) for the mean magnetic flux Ȳ on the questioned page two (example from Section 3.5.2) with the dotted line indicating the density corresponding to the measured value ȳ = 15.33. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustration-of-a-computerized-implementation-of-2mwjzexo.png Figure 6: Illustration of a computerized implementation of the Bayesian network described in Figure 4(i), using the software package Hugin (www.hugin.com), and the propagation of the findings of the numerical example presented in Section 3.5.2, including the likelihood ratio of 16.7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-marginal-probability-distributions-for-the-mean-1mfmu4p6.png Figure 8: Marginal probability distributions for the mean magnetic flux on a questioned document given Hp (solid line) and given Hd (dashed line) as discussed in case example 2 (Section 3.6). The dotted line in Figure (ii) shows the density value corresponding to result ȳ = 20.33. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-the-computations-for-case-example-2-2c6d94m5.png Figure 7: Illustration the computations for case example 2, using the Bayesian network defined in Figure 4(ii), implemented with the software package Hugin (www.hugin.com). Observations xA,1, xA,2, ȳ, xB,1 and xB,2 are entered in the bottom layer of nodes (from left to right). The node H displays the posterior probabilities for the main propositions, whereas the function node V provides the likelihood ratio (on the order of 500). https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-aeroheating-augmentation-due-to-reaction-control-1utkpv9r47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-of-orion-rcs-1qd9u6hd.png Figure 1. Layout of Orion RCS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-4-km-s-heatrate-roll-rcs-figure-18-2-km-s-heatrate-8jshvbna.png Figure 17. 4 km/s heatrate (roll RCS) Figure 18. 2 km/s heatrate (roll RCS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flowfield-forward-pitch-jets-4-km-sec-figure-5-1lphpu88.png Figure 4. Flowfield, forward pitch jets, 4 km/sec Figure 5. Flowfield, rear pitch jets, 4 km/sec https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flowfield-forward-roll-jets-4-km-sec-figure-7-wq61y777.png Figure 6. Flowfield, forward roll jets, 4 km/sec Figure 7. Flowfield, rear yaw jets, 4 km/sec https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-entry-trajectory-profiles-figure-16-5-km-s-l01tjure.png Figure 15. Entry trajectory profiles Figure 16. 5 km/s heatrate (roll RCS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-single-yaw-jet-laura-figure-12-single-yaw-jet-dplr-txovb39b.png Figure 11. Single yaw jet, LAURA Figure 12. Single yaw jet, DPLR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-dual-yaw-jet-laura-figure-14-dual-yaw-jet-dplr-348m670v.png Figure 13. Dual yaw jet, LAURA Figure 14. Dual yaw jet, DPLR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-hypersonic-flowfield-1uuojnqj.png Figure 2. Schematic of hypersonic flowfield. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-a-fork-join-synchronization-station-with-inputs-5e6ypy7f69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impact-of-scv-on-1k-and-2k-required-to-obtain-a-3nwaeuhl.png Figure 8. Impact of SCV on 1K and 2K required to obtain a given throughput https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-regions-in-the-semi-markov-kernel-q-and-state-1raual9r.png Figure 7. Regions in the semi-Markov kernel Q and state transition matrix PD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-impact-of-k1-and-k2-on-scv-of-inter-departure-3cfdnuzp.png Figure 14. Impact of K1 and K2 on SCV of inter-departure times https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-used-for-analysis-of-queue-length-process-1w25frmw.png Table 1. Notation used for analysis of queue length process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-impact-of-k1-and-k2-on-scv-of-inter-departure-1164hp5d.png Figure 14. Impact of K1 and K2 on SCV of inter-departure times https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-of-the-departure-process-at-the-fork-join-38tft4t8.png Figure 4. Analysis of the departure process at the fork/join station https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-possible-sample-paths-between-departures-12lfjtne.png Figure 6. Possible sample paths between departures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fork-join-station-with-arrivals-from-a-finite-u0hynydq.png Figure 1. Fork/join station with arrivals from a finite population https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-and-design-of-quadratic-parameter-varying-qpv-3h5kv1uv6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-robotic-manipulator-trajectory-of-the-state-22zrc9ze.png Figure 4: Robotic manipulator: trajectory of the state variable x1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-robotic-manipulator-trajectory-of-the-state-2zyqvlt4.png Figure 7: Robotic manipulator: trajectory of the state variable x4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-academic-example-open-loop-trajectories-starting-3917q0l9.png Figure 1: Academic example: open-loop trajectories starting from the vertices of P(45). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-robotic-manipulator-trajectory-of-the-state-wcl5f8h8.png Figure 6: Robotic manipulator: trajectory of the state variable x3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-academic-example-closed-loop-trajectories-starting-13trqbqn.png Figure 3: Academic example: closed-loop trajectories starting from the vertices of P(0.7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-robotic-manipulator-trajectory-of-the-state-2rjdp40j.png Figure 5: Robotic manipulator: trajectory of the state variable x2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-academic-example-open-loop-trajectories-starting-8j08hkdd.png Figure 2: Academic example: open-loop trajectories starting from the vertices of P(0.7). https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-air-radiation-measurements-obtained-in-the-east-4zegb5ylsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-ratio-of-the-integrated-31gk5580.png Figure 2. Comparison of the ratio of the integrated intensities at different axial positions behind the shock with theory for the (a) 820 nm, 845 nm and 777 nm on EAST, and, (b) 777 nm and 745 nm on X2. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-auto-ignition-of-heated-hydrogen-air-mixtures-4jblcjg4hh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-h2-o2-reaction-mechanism-16-2xxe7c4c.png Table 2. H2/O2 reaction mechanism [16] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-boundary-conditions-1u34hv3r.png Table 1. Boundary conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-auto-ignition-delay-times-for-cabra-test-case-5-19qbl6rr.png Table 4. Auto-ignition delay times for Cabra test case [5] (Constant scalar dissipation rate,〈N | η〉 = 1s−1, Tc f = 1030K, OH based criterion [11]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-auto-ignition-delay-times-for-markides-test-case-4-3bb0m1bl.png Table 3. Auto-ignition delay times for Markides test case [4] (Constant scalar dissipation rate,〈N | η〉 = 1s−1, Tc f = 1030K, OH based criterion [10]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-influence-of-the-co-flow-temperature-on-the-auto-1vwcuu2m.png Figure 9. Influence of the co-flow temperature on the auto-ignition delay time. Constant scalar dissipation rate, left:〈N | η〉 = 0.1s−1; right: 〈N | η〉 = 1s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-influence-of-the-scalar-dissipation-rate-on-the-am69c8yv.png Figure 14. Influence of the scalar dissipation rate on the auto-ignition delay time (constant scalar dissipation rate ovr entire mixture fraction range; temperature based ignitioncriterion [11]). Left:Tc f = 960K; Right:Tc f = 1030K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-influence-of-the-scalar-dissipation-rate-on-the-v8v07a19.png Figure 22. Influence of the scalar dissipation rate on the auto-ignition delay time (constant scalar dissipation rate ovr https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-influence-of-the-scalar-dissipation-rate-on-the-4d508iul.png Figure 15. Influence of the scalar dissipation rate on the auto-ignition delay time. Solid line:Tf uel = 305K , dashed line: Tf uel = 691K (AMC model; Li et al. mechanism;Tc f = 1030K ; OH based ignition criterion [10]). https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-fptases-for-the-multi-objective-shortest-path-1si4j7cemg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-worst-case-analysis-15ckrhcd.png Figure 6: Worst case analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-graph-g3-g4-2lpn82pn.png Figure 5: The graph G3 ◦G4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-running-times-of-the-exact-algorithm-and-fptases-3c7dsn99.png Table 1: The running times of the exact algorithm and FPTASes for practical instances and the ex post approximation factors of the FPTASes. For the FPTASes, we report the value of r between brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-approximate-pareto-optimal-frontier-hpshl3m9.png Figure 2: Example approximate Pareto-optimal frontier https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-running-times-of-the-exact-algorithm-and-the-hrwuvm2g.png Table 2: The running times of the exact algorithm and the hybrid FPTAS for some of the grid instances and the ex post approximation factors. For the FPTAS, we report the value of r between brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-frontiers-obtained-by-the-exact-algorithm-on-1bg3ol74.png Figure 3: The frontiers obtained by the exact algorithm (on the left) and by the TZ FPTAS (on the right). In both cases, the frontiers contain only the points denoted by ⊗. We assume that d = 3 and that c3(w) = 1 for all paths w. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-the-found-paths-when-a-pareto-optimal-1zk7cmsz.png Figure 4: Example of the found paths when a Pareto-optimal path is not made permanent. For this instance we used n = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-pareto-optimal-frontier-1hb54bet.png Figure 1: Example Pareto-optimal frontier https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-infrastructure-funds-as-an-alternative-tool-for-8rogvsnpol 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-financial-clauses-of-the-project-source-30g22d7q.png Table 3. Financial clauses of the project. Source: Concessionaire offer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-base-case-leverage-70-source-authors-pn58nj77.png Table 4. Base case. Leverage = 70%. Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-case-a-4-leverage-50-source-authors-qf46z68k.png Table 5. Case A-4. Leverage = 50%. Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tariffs-growth-with-the-infrastructure-fund-s4w1dr7b.png Figure 1. Tariffs growth with the infrastructure fund participation. Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-llcr-evolution-source-authors-3f8m34hj.png Figure 2. LLCR evolution. Source: Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asset-sub-classes-source-j-p-morgan-asset-management-3rayrj9i.png Table 1. Asset Sub-classes. Source: J.P. Morgan Asset Management (2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-traffic-bands-system-per-kind-of-vehicle-source-3og15eqh.png Table 2. Traffic bands system per kind of vehicle. Source: Concessionaire offer. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-genes-involved-in-response-to-doxorubicin-and-a-28exq3hhhg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transcripts-responsive-to-treatment-with-the-14g2a-3polgcqa.png Table 2. Transcripts responsive to treatment with the 14G2a mAb* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-doxorubicin-15-nm-and-30-nm-on-3c74opbd.png Figure 3. Effects of doxorubicin (15 nM and 30 nM) on expression of proteins of selected responsive genes. Levels of RPS27L (A), sestrin 1 (B), and PPM1D (C) were measured in the cell cultures of IMR-32 24 h after addition of the drug with western blot. GAPDH protein expression was used as a reference (one of three independent experiments was shown). Data on the graphs are presented as means from three independent experiments (±SEM) and calculated versus control values, set as 1 (black baseline). T tests (control samples vs. treated samples) did not show statistical significance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-doxorubicin-15-nm-and-30-nm-on-o5w00uvr.png Figure 2. Effects of doxorubicin (15 nM and 30 nM) on expression of transcripts of selected responsive genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-qt-rt-pcr-analysis-showing-relative-mrna-levels-of-vu858k2f.png Figure 4. Qt-RT-PCR analysis showing relative mRNA levels of selected genes in IMR-32 cells upon 6, 16, 24 and 48 hours of 14G2a mAb treatment (40 μg/ml). JUN (A), SVIL (B), RASSF6 (C), ID1 (D), TLX2 (E), CDKN1A (F). EF-2 cDNA was used as a reference. Data are presented as means of triplicates from four to five independent experiments (±SEM) and calculated versus control values, set as 1 (black baseline). ANOVA shows statistically significant changes of all levels of gene expression in time in IMR-32 cells. P-values for t test (control samples vs. treated samples) were as follows: P<0.05 (*), P<0.01 (**), P<0.001 (***). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transcripts-responsive-to-treatment-with-doxorubicin-378yc3fl.png Table 1. Transcripts responsive to treatment with doxorubicin* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-dox-tpt-and-the-14g2a-mab-on-expression-2lbd1dmp.png Figure 5. Effects of DOX, TPT and the 14G2a mAb on expression of NDUFAF2 and MYCN were analyzed in IMR-32 cells. (A) Western blot analysis of mimitin and MYCN protein levels in MYCN-amplified IMR-32, KELLY cells and MYCN-non-amplified SK-N-SH cells. (B) Expression of mimitin and MYCN in IMR-32 cells treated with 17 nM DOX and 2 nM TPT for 24 and 48 h (one experiment is shown). Qt-RT-PCR was used to measure levels of NDUFAF2 (C) and MYCN (D) 24 and 48 h after treatment with 14G2a (40 mg/ml). The transcript of E2F was measured as a reference. Data are presented as means of triplicates from three independent experiments (±SEM) and calculated versus control values, set as 1 (black baseline). ANOVA shows statistically significant changes of MYCN expression levels in time in IMR-32 cells and no statistically significant changes of NDUFAF2 expression levels in time. P-values for t test (control samples vs. treated samples) were P<0.05 (*), P<0.01 (**). Changes in mimitin (E) and MYCN (F) expression in IMR-32 cells after treatment with 40 mg/ml of 14G2a for 6, 16, 24, 48 h (a-tubulin or GAPDH expression was measured as a reference for western blot analyses). Data on the graphs are presented as means from three independent experiments (±SEM) and calculated versus control values, set as 1 (black baseline). P-value for t test (control samples vs. treated samples) is P<0.05 (*). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hierarchal-cluster-analysis-of-genes-affected-by-35wxpzf6.png Figure 1. Hierarchal cluster analysis of genes affected by the tested drugs in the experimental groups of IMR-32 cells was performed with dChip software using Euclidean distance and average linkage method. Genes and transcriptional forms responsive to (A) DOX (15 nM, 24 h) and (B) 14G2a (40 mg/ml, 24 h) with ANOVA at FDR <5% are shown. Intensity of the color is proportional to the fold change (see the bars below the images of the clusters). https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-international-commodity-shipping-data-and-the-jd65mdw06z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-top-10-international-ports-for-the-three-1qt39n4o.png Table 1: Summary of Top 10 International Ports for the Three Major Container Sizes Shipped to the US https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-foreign-port-distribution-of-granite-materials-22k00780.png Figure 15: Foreign port distribution of granite materials shipped in 20-ft containers. Only ports that shipped more than 50 containers in 2006 are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-container-weight-distribution-for-containers-coming-325rqfto.png Figure 4: Container weight distribution for containers coming to the US from Singapore https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-foreign-ports-that-ship-ceramic-products-to-the-us-zprwwen9.png Figure 11: Foreign ports that ship ceramic products to the US in 40-ft containers. Note: Only ports shipping more than 100 containers are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shipping-container-data-arranged-by-major-hs-code-s1zc99ui.png Table 2: Shipping Container Data Arranged by Major HS Code Categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-commodity-distributions-for-40-ft-containers-from-9nwhd4rs.png Figure 6: Commodity distributions for 40-ft containers from Singapore; (a) 0-30,000 lb/container, (b) 35,000-47,000 lb/container and (b) 50,000-60,000 lb/container, emphasizing several of the major commodities that contribute to the distribution in the specific weight range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-foreign-ports-that-ship-ceramic-products-to-the-us-2h2fg8qd.png Figure 12: Foreign ports that ship ceramic products to the US in 45-ft containers. Note: Only ports with shipments in excess of 20 containers are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-commodity-distributions-for-40-ft-containers-a-0-1ogtnue0.png Figure 3: Commodity distributions for 40-ft containers; (a) 0-30,000 lb/container, (b) 35,000- 47,000 lb/container, and (c) 54,000-60,000 lb/container, with emphasis on several of the major commodities that contribute to the distribution in the specific weight range https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-heterochromatic-epigenetic-markers-in-the-2vwugl8pe8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pcr-amplification-of-two-overlapping-aphp1-1dmt95b0.png Figure 1. PCR amplification of two overlapping ApHP1 fragments by 5¶ and 3¶ RACE respectively (A, B) and standard PCR for the internal ApHP1 portion (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-pisum-chromosomes-were-analysed-by-c-banding-1ojliria.png Figure 4. A. pisum chromosomes were analysed by C banding followed by DAPI (A) and CMA3 staining (D), by immunostaining with antibodies against HP1 (B), monomethylated-K9 H3 histones (C) and methylcytosine residues (E), and by in situ NT with MspI (F). The methylation status of 28S rDNA genes was evaluated by digesting A. pisum genomic DNAs with MspI (lane 1) and HpaII (lane 2) and blotting with a 28S rDNA probe (G). Arrows indicate sex chromosomes. Bar corresponds to 10 2m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-western-blot-of-protein-extracts-from-d-sl9q0b4j.png Figure 3. Western blot of protein extracts from D. melanogaster (lane 1), M. brassicae (lane 2) and A. pisum (lane 3) probed with mouse anti-Drosophila melanogaster HP1a antibody. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-aphp1-amino-acidic-sequence-was-aligned-with-1f6ttpge.png Figure 2. (A) The ApHP1 amino acidic sequence was aligned with homologous sequences available in GenBank. Acypis, A. pisum; Anogam, A. gambiae (EAA13252); Dromel, D. melanogaster (DROHP1); Aedaeg, A. aegypti (EAT44114); Bommor, B. mori (ABF51450); Homsap, H. sapiens (AAH06821); Musmus, M. musculus (NP_031652). (B) Location of the conserved CD and CSD domains within ApHP1. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-large-system-black-box-test-data-5595y1vbks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pass-rate-vs-tests-run-per-fa-for-six-teams-20k5gaz2.png Figure 7. Pass Rate VS Tests Run Per FA For Six Teams https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-tables-of-frequency-distributions-nfvt9mj2.png Table 5. Summary Tables of Frequency Distributions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-run-to-source-code-linkage-ljipe50c.png Figure 2. Test Run to Source Code Linkage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pass-rate-vs-tests-run-per-team-for-ten-fas-2ixf73t9.png Figure 8. Pass Rate VS Tests Run Per Team For Ten FAs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-propagation-of-redundant-information-in-the-ofakwocd.png Figure 3. Propagation of Redundant Information in the Integrated Database https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fa-test-run-statistics-per-team-mis7c4m8.png Table 2. FA Test Run Statistics Per Team https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-test-fault-and-repair-relationships-quantified-28q9q8ri.png Table 6. Test, Fault, and Repair Relationships Quantified https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-correlation-coefficients-for-one-subsystem-22fq218q.png Figure 10. Correlation Coefficients for One Subsystem https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-internet-traffic-in-educational-network-based-on-1kbh62vv9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-methodology-jain-and-hassan-2004-wc7q0yp8.png Fig. 1. Methodology (Jain and Hassan, 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-packets-distributions-over-countries-12rl6erm.png Fig. 10. Packets distributions over countries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-search-engines-websites-packets-rates-u34zpf3p.png Fig. 4. Search engines websites packets rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multimedia-websites-packets-rates-1thdv6x5.png Fig. 5. Multimedia websites packets rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-e-mail-websites-packets-rates-2gb56bf0.png Fig. 8. E-mail websites packets rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-social-networking-sites-distribution-op5vrl86.png Fig. 3. Social networking sites distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-file-sharing-websites-packets-1zin3tqz.png Fig. 9. File sharing websites packets https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-application-category-and-signature-2cmoehe0.png Table 2. Application category and signature https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-pressure-distribution-along-pipeline-blockage-se4dkyirb8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-factors-and-levels-for-the-orthogonal-test-28aaeb49.png Table 3.1 Factors and levels for the orthogonal test https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-blockage-prediction-model-validation-26co8xf6.png Table 4.6 Blockage prediction model validation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-analysis-of-l9-3-4-test-results-23xca12y.png Table 3.2 Analysis of L9 (3)4 test results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-experiment-parameters-for-single-blockage-at-3lfcsptf.png Table 4.2 Experiment parameters for single blockage at different locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-experiment-parameters-for-standard-cases-3v1q9ely.png Table 4.1 Experiment parameters for standard cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-3d-computational-meshing-1dv4glk8.png Figure 2.2 3D computational meshing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-pressure-distribution-through-the-pipeline-with-3hs76ljw.png Figure 3.1 Pressure distribution through the pipeline with blockage in various locations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-zoom-in-pressure-gradient-distribution-through-2e1s4iz9.png Figure 3.2 Zoom in pressure gradient distribution through blockage in various locations https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-polysaccharides-in-cider-their-effect-on-sensory-2ug2n203xs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-plots-for-each-category-lf-low-foaming-hf-high-r5cxg0hr.png Figure 1. Box plots for each category (LF, low foaming; HF, high foaming) using the main discriminating variable (1- propanol). The number of samples for each category is included in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-variables-for-cider-2xrkniyc.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Variables for Cider Categories (LF and HF)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-coomans-diagram-for-simca-analysis-l-lowfoaming-1oil57gu.png Figure 3. Coomans’ diagram for SIMCA analysis (L, lowfoaming category; H, high-foaming category). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-eigenvector-projection-of-chemical-variables-and-1l9jrg75.png Figure 2. Eigenvector projection of chemical variables and ciders: 1, volatile acidity; 2, total acidity; 3, polyphenols; 4, acidic polysaccharide; 5, neutral polysaccharide; 6, acetaldehyde; 7, ethyl acetate; 8, methanol; 9, 1-propanol; 10, 2-methyl1-propanol; 11, 1-butanol; 12, amyl alcohols; 13, lactic acid; 14, acetic acid; L, low-foaming category; H, high-foaming category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analytical-characteristics-of-the-polysaccharide-fjuamudl.png Table 1. Analytical Characteristics of the Polysaccharide Analysis Procedure https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-social-attitude-to-the-new-end-use-of-recycled-b2z1k9l2o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-for-recycled-water-29jdyesy.png Table 2 Logistic regression for recycled water https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-map-of-dual-pipe-recycled-water-system-in-2ikdfhk0.png Fig. 1. Sketch map of dual pipe recycled water system in Wyndham Vale, Melbourne (Modified from Chen et al., 2012c) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factors-found-to-influence-community-acceptance-of-17cztt5e.png Table 1 Factors found to influence community acceptance of recycled water in laundry https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extent-of-the-variable-effect-in-model-3-on-final-296oyz6b.png Fig. 2. Extent of the variable effect in Model 3 on final acceptance of recycled water https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-randomness-in-mechanical-properties-of-carbon-3xdigsmras 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-force-displacement-curves-of-nanotubes-with-various-3djw0rnh.png Figure 4 Force-displacement curves of nanotubes with various average number of SW defects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fracture-sequence-of-a-100-zigzag-tube-with-2bcezmz0.png Figure 5: Fracture sequence of a (10,0) zigzag tube with vacancies and corresponding force time history https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cumulative-damage-accumulation-in-a-1515-swnt-at-3eitdwv3.png Figure 8: Cumulative damage accumulation in a (15,15) SWNT at 1500K under cyclic loading https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-formation-of-a-stone-wales-defect-2u19w4a1.png Figure 1: Formation of a Stone-Wales defect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effects-of-random-sw-defects-on-mechanical-v4q84pss.png Figure 6 Effects of random SW defects on mechanical properties of armchair and zigzag SWNTs (l = 49.2 Å, 50 samples each). Solid line represents mean value, vertical bar implies +/- one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effects-of-random-vacancies-on-mechanical-1mbfne4j.png Figure 7 Effects of random vacancies on mechanical properties of armchair and zigzag SWNTs (l = 49.2 Å, 50 samples each). Solid line represents mean value, vertical bar implies +/- one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mechanical-loading-is-applied-through-moving-the-aykitcm6.png Figure 3 Mechanical loading is applied through moving the outermost atoms at both ends (highlighted at bond ends) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-armchair-swnt-with-six-sw-defects-1pwlnqjm.png Figure 2: An armchair SWNT with six SW defects https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-deactivation-of-zsm-5-catalyst-during-mto-10tom7l8d2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tg-tpo-profiles-of-the-deactivated-catalyst-t-1-2m7ie474.png Figure 2. TG-TPO profiles of the deactivated catalyst. τ: 1 gcat h mol-1; a) T: 425 ºC; b) T: 450 ºC; c) T: 475 ºC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-oxygenates-conversion-for-non-periodic-reactions-u486rn32.png Figure 1. Oxygenates conversion for non-periodic reactions and periodic reactions of amplitude 25 ºC and initial temperature of 450 ºC a) Periods of 5 and 10 minutes; b) Periods of 32 h and 32 h with a 16 h delay. This behaviour is consistent with the TPO results, which show lower coke formation in the periodic operation experiments. These coke contents vary from 2.8 to 8.2 wt % in the steady operation experiments (increasing with temperature) and between 4.8-3.6 wt % in the periodic operation experiments, decreasing with period length. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-heat-transfer-coefficient-during-potato-41g8p4o5kr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-experimental-set-up-7urqocwe.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the experimental set-up used to measure the heat transfer coe cient: (a) indirect method; (b) direct method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-heating-curves-indirect-method-n-crisps-at-1k79y0f1.png Fig. 2. Typical heating curves. indirect method: (n) Crisps at 180°C; ( ) French fries at 180°C (the lines represent the ®t of Eq. (1)). (b) Direct https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-the-fraction-of-total-heat-used-for-2xs2o2kn.png Fig. 8. Evolution of the fraction of total heat used for evaporation (1ÿc) during frying of French fries at 140°C: n indirect method; direct method (the lines represent a smooth ®t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationship-between-the-heat-transfer-coe-cient-1lk3vdrt.png Fig. 6. Relationship between the heat transfer coe cient (measured with the indirect method) normalised in respect to the corresponding value without bubbling and water loss rate: (n) 140°C; ( ) 180°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relationship-between-the-heat-transfer-coe-cient-1e7wnopz.png Fig. 7. Relationship between the heat transfer coe cient (measured with the direct method) and water loss rate during frying of French fries at 140°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-heat-transfer-coe-cient-measured-with-the-indirect-ddxck3ea.png Fig. 4. Heat transfer coe cient measured with the indirect method ( ) and water loss rate (:) changes during frying of French-fries: (a) 140°C; (b) 180°C (the lines represent a smooth ®t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-heat-transfer-coe-cient-measured-with-the-direct-21jxlqh8.png Fig. 5. Heat transfer coe cient measured with the direct method ( ) and water loss rate (:) changes during frying of French-fries at 140°C (the lines represent a smooth ®t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-heat-transfer-coe-cient-measured-with-the-indirect-a3rtrwp0.png Fig. 3. Heat transfer coe cient measured with the indirect method ( ) and water loss rate (:) changes during frying of crisps: (a) 140°C; (b) 180°C (the lines represent a smooth ®t). https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-lake-superior-watershed-seasonal-snow-cover-3zckumnjic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lake-superior-watershed-1nhfwis4.png Figure 1. Lake Superior watershed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lake-superior-sub-basin-areas-and-maximum-swe-values-3sksj9la.png Table 1. Lake Superior sub-basin areas and maximum SWE values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-daily-swe-volume-for-the-entire-lake-superior-39av0uzi.png Figure 11. Daily SWE volume for the entire Lake Superior watershed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-stations-reporting-snow-information-in-2sr12fw4.png Figure 5. Number of stations reporting snow information in the Lake Superior watershed and vicinity in Ontario, Canada. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-lake-superior-and-sub-basins-annual-maximum-9i0q12x1.png Table 4. Total Lake Superior and sub-basins annual maximum. SWE × 108 (m3) (maximum year in POR is in bold). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-maximum-swe-volume-accumulated-swe-volume-on-the-96nn4qfx.png Figure 15. Maximum SWE volume, accumulated SWE volume on the day of the maximum SWE volume, and accumulated SWE volume on 30 April. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gis-projection-parameters-11vpzsof.png Table 3. GIS projection parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-mean-swe-distribution-for-the-entire-lake-superior-14p572d1.png Figure 20. Mean SWE Distribution for the entire Lake Superior watershed for the 1st and 15th of each month throughout the winter season. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-prognostic-value-of-soluble-epidermal-growth-3pavfx2v2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-association-between-sleeping-characteristics-sleep-2tn3tp8p.png Table 1. Association between sleeping characteristics, sleep disorders and mammographic density in Var-DDM Spain study (2010) https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-unstressed-lattice-spacing-d0-for-the-gfv38zqvot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-transverse-metallograpical-section-of-the-weld-bp4oz1z0.png Figure 3.- a) Transverse metallograpical section of the weld showing the microstructure developed in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-experimental-set-up-of-salsa-instruments-showing-qpak913k.png Figure 2.- a) Experimental set-up of SALSA instruments showing the AA2024 welded plate mounted on the hexapod. The welding line is parallel to the rolling direction. QUITE LA B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-welded-plate-showing-the-location-on-291crjzs.png Figure 1.- Scheme of the welded plate showing the location on which the RS state was studied and the two longitudinal sections on which d311 measurements where conducted. Directions T, L, and N of the reference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inter-planar-distance-data-d311-for-the-l-n-and-t-wfmn8nc5.png Figure 5.- Inter-planar distance data, d311, for the L, N, and T directions in the section at X=52 mm, parallel to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-profiles-of-the-un-stressed-d0-values-front-center-3id1oarl.png Figure 8.- Profiles of the un-stressed d0 values (front, center, and back regions) calculated from the equilibrium condition of the longitudinal component on the transverse section of the weld using the GA. The upper and lower d311 values used by the GA are included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inter-planar-distance-data-d311-as-a-function-of-3txjv0zu.png Figure 4.- Inter-planar distance data, d311, as a function of distance from the center of the weld, at the three https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-trends-and-sudden-changes-in-long-term-14hy3kpt5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aic-values-obtained-by-applying-dynamic-factor-1gs7ffff.png Table 3 AIC values obtained by applying dynamic factor analysis models 1 to 4 on the time series. M indicates the number of common trends of the model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-statistical-indices-u-calculated-for-four-10g9v2o6.png Table 2 Summary of statistical indices U calculated for four parameters. n gives the number of measured values. Significance on the 95 % level is marked with *, on the 99 % level with ** https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-common-trends-and-factor-loadings-as-results-of-a-3i81gsfa.png Fig. 5 Common trends and factor loadings as results of a dynamic factor analysis, based on the 19-year data set with the variables SST, salinity, Chl a, TSPM and air temperature, and SAM and ENSO as explanatory variables: a, b common trends of the long-term data set, shaded bars represent El Niño (dark grey) and La Nina (light grey) events. + and − represent + SAM and –SAM phases. c, d factor loadings representing the main driver of the according common trend https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographical-location-of-potter-cove-king-george-1ixiypi0.png Fig. 1 Geographical location of Potter Cove, King George Island, and location of the study site E1. Map source: SCAR Antarctic Digital Database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-monthly-means-of-parameters-and-according-2qw88m7p.png Fig. 3 Plot of monthly means of parameters and according calculated Ut values against time (month). a deseasonalized SST, b Salinity, c Chl a, d TSPM. Only available monthly means were taken into account, missing values were left out https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-monthly-means-of-environmental-data-available-in-this-3v6jivlw.png Fig. 2 Monthly means of environmental data available in this study: sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, total suspended particulate matter (TSPM), Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and air temperature. Air temperature values are de-seasonalized after LOESS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-smoothing-curve-s-year-for-sst-data-with-8-81deg-of-1ktqfs3g.png Fig. 4 Smoothing curve s(year) for SST data with 8.81° of freedom and air temperature, SAM and ENSO as explanatory variables. The solid line is the smoother; the dotted lines 95 % confidence bands. Shaded bars indicate strong La Niña events, + indicates + SAM events https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-of-the-performance-of-the-cheshire-and-yapp-methods-1lqaw6qntx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assessment-of-the-quality-of-the-structures-1l0badry.png Table 2. Assessment of the quality of the structures calculated using the YAPP method. Columns 2 and 4: average pairvise backbone RMSD (in Å) between all models in the bundle. Columns 3 and 5: average backbone RMSD between structures in the YAPP bundle and reference PDB structure. Column 6: range of amino acids used in the aligment. Column 7: source of the NMR data used in the calculations (GM: Montelione lab). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-structures-2k6j-the-new-noesy-38sr7nb7.png Figure 3. Comparison of the structures 2K6J, the new NOESY-based structure and the CHESHIRE structure from CASD NMR round 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assessment-of-the-quality-of-the-structures-1v1x8u1k.png Table 1. Assessment of the quality of the structures calculated using the CHESHIRE method. Columns 2 and 4: Cα-RMSD (in Å) between CHESHIRE and reference PDB computed with MAXSUB with a cutoff of 4 Å and 2 Å, respectively. Columns 3 and 5: fraction of the amino acids used in the alignment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-list-of-structures-obtained-using-the-cheshire-2aaoavwp.png Figure 2. List of structures obtained using the CHESHIRE method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-analysis-of-the-different-assignments-obtained-with-1wfr3wam.png Figure 5. Analysis of the different assignments obtained with the YAPP method for the target HR2876C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-consensus-analysis-of-target-hr2876c-3obetan6.png Table 3. Consensus analysis of target HR2876C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-list-of-structures-obtained-using-the-yapp-method-2a1q43oj.png Figure 4. List of structures obtained using the YAPP method. https://scispace.com/papers/analysis-tools-to-uncover-variations-in-picosecond-mode-53p5z4szpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-residual-permutation-entropy-pe-calculated-using-a-1qoilwj6.png Fig. 2. Residual permutation entropy (PE) calculated using a time step of the roundtrip time for the laser system (~5.1 ns), standard deviation of the inter-pulse period of ~5.1 ns, and, pulse amplitude variation expressed as a percentage relative to the average pulse amplitude. Note the average power is 0.96 W at 991 nm, 0.86 W at 993 nm, and ~0.6 W at 994.5 nm [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-laser-system-for-passive-mode-locking-29wm5pms.png Fig. 1. Experimental laser system for passive mode-locking using an optically pumped VCSEL semiconductor gain device and a SESAM in an extended cavity – a VECSEL system. ROC- radius of curvature. BW – bandwidth. Reproduced with permission from [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-characterization-of-secondary-phases-and-void-3enl4ixq65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bf-tem-images-showing-the-distribution-of-cr-rich-10jd1jj4.png Fig. 1. BF-TEM images showing the distribution of Cr-rich precipitates in (a) the ODS Fe– pattern of the precipitate marked with an arrow in the reference alloy, which can be in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-through-focal-series-of-small-voids-attached-to-1pcjdwd0.png Fig. 4. Through-focal series of small voids attached to particles (white arrow) and dislocations (black arrow) in the ODS Fe–14Cr alloy. (a) Underfocused by 1 m, (b) in-focus, (d) overfocused by 1 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-bf-tem-and-b-haadf-stem-images-showing-the-3mk41dkk.png Fig. 3. (a) BF-TEM and (b) HAADF-STEM images showing the distribution of voids and their association with grain boundaries, dislocations and Cr-rich precipitates (marked as ‘‘P’’) in the reference Fe–14Cr alloy (examples arrowed), and (c) intensity profiles of the Fe and Cr Ka XEDS signals along the dashed line through the void marked as ‘‘V’’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eftem-series-showing-nanoparticles-with-a-core-shell-35p9xzfv.png Fig. 2. EFTEM series showing nanoparticles with a core–shell structure in the ODS Fe–14Cr alloy. (a) BF image and (b) Y N2,3, (c) O K and (d) Cr M2,3 EFTEM elemental maps. (e) Y and Cr intensity profiles across the particle arrowed in (b) and (d) reveal that the Cr signal extends further than the Y signal. https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-modeling-of-open-circuit-air-gap-field-489p6cithe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-lumped-magnetic-circuit-for-three-layer-ipm-machine-a-1ffyn93m.png Fig. 8. Lumped magnetic circuit for three-layer IPM machine. (a) Lumped magnetic circuit for Fig. 6. (b) A simplified form of Fig. 6(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-equivalent-air-gap-flux-density-distribution-1zp72wdd.png Fig. 7. Equivalent air-gap flux density distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-machine-design-parameters-1dpxf4hp.png TABLE III MACHINE DESIGN PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-optimized-multilayer-ipm-machine-a-rotor-b-air-gap-r54fp5tp.png Fig. 22. Optimized multilayer IPM machine. (a) Rotor. (b) Air-gap field distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-comparison-of-fea-and-analytically-predicted-1o5l18e6.png TABLE IX COMPARISON OF FEA AND ANALYTICALLY PREDICTED RESULTS OF OPTIMIZED MULTILAYER IPM MACHINE https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-average-air-gap-flux-density-for-two-layer-machine-2oedug66.png TABLE V AVERAGE AIR-GAP FLUX DENSITY FOR TWO-LAYER MACHINE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-air-gap-flux-density-distribution-of-three-layer-ipm-3imhytp7.png Fig. 11. Air-gap flux density distribution of three-layer IPM machine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-air-gap-flux-density-distribution-of-two-layer-ipm-3ezfpfbn.png Fig. 12. Air-gap flux density distribution of two-layer IPM machine. https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-mathematical-modeling-of-the-thermal-bridge-3shqmmseeb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-identification-of-thermal-bridges-in-an-apartment-121il7xt.png Figure 6. Identification of thermal bridges in an apartment plan of the Sperone district, Palermo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-psi-calculation-for-the-0-14-m-rc-wall-0-16-m-rc-1roxf6z2.png Table 4. ψi calculation for the 0.14 m RC wall/0.16 m RC slab junction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-matrix-derived-by-the-elaboration-of-data-6c6uz9lu.png Table 6. The matrix derived by the elaboration of data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-heat-loss-percentages-for-wall-and-thermal-bridge-1closuxm.png Figure 11. Heat loss percentages for wall and thermal bridge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-trend-of-the-linear-thermal-transmittance-of-the-7oblntb7.png Figure 10. Trend of the linear thermal transmittance of the RC wall/0.16 m inter-floor slab junction as a function of the thermal insulation’s thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typological-plan-schemes-used-in-some-italian-2fgiftj4.png Figure 3. Typological plan schemes used in some Italian industrialized constructions. (a) Four in-line buildings’ schemes; (b) two in tower buildings’ schemes. Reinforced Concrete (RC) walls are represented with a thicker line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typological-plan-schemes-used-in-some-italian-wl0aswey.png Figure 3. Typological plan schemes used in some Italian industrialized constructions. (a) Four in-line buildings’ schemes; (b) two in tower buildings’ schemes. Reinforced Concrete (RC) walls are represented with a thicker line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-psi-values-for-the-overall-analyzed-thermal-bridges-ivi3wje0.png Table 5. ψi values for the overall analyzed thermal bridges. https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-parametric-analysis-of-the-contact-problem-of-1t925k5gp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-peak-pressure-and-maximum-relative-approach-vs-2awwhezx.png Fig. 8. Peak pressure and maximum relative approach vs. thickness, finite thickness model, Eqs. (14)–(19). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-peak-pressure-and-maximum-relative-approach-vs-3fz8czrj.png Fig. 9. Peak pressure and maximum relative approach vs. Poisson’s ratio of the cushion at GðindenterÞ=GðcushionÞ ¼ 100, finitethickness model, Eqs. (14)–(19). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pressure-profile-in-the-contact-region-between-an-25g7xspa.png Fig. 3. Pressure profile in the contact region between an elastic sphere and half-space cushion, Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-peak-pressure-and-maximum-motion-vs-poissons-ratio-of-1bf2dlfp.png Fig. 7. Peak pressure and maximum motion vs. Poisson’s ratio of the cushion at different shear modulus ratios (0.1, 1, 2, 1000), Eqs. (4), (8) and (9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-peak-pressure-and-maximum-relative-motion-vs-youngs-37de99zx.png Fig. 4. Peak pressure and maximum relative motion vs. Young’s modulus ratio, Eqs. (3) and (8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-for-hertz-contact-model-oq2lfyj2.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram for Hertz contact model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-maximum-pressure-and-maximum-motion-vs-the-curvature-25m517rj.png Fig. 11. Maximum pressure and maximum motion vs. the curvature of the cushion. Negative curvature corresponds to a contoured cushion, shaped to fit the shape of the spherical indenter, Eqs. (1) and (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-peak-pressure-and-maximum-relative-approach-vs-3f6vb0ir.png Fig. 10. Peak pressure and maximum relative approach vs. Poisson’s ratio of the cushion at GðindenterÞ=GðcushionÞ ¼ 10, finitethickness model, Eqs. (14)–(19). https://scispace.com/papers/analytical-solution-of-two-layer-beam-taking-into-account-gipndy6hnb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vertical-deflections-calculated-by-different-beam-2598bwd5.png Table 3: Vertical deflections calculated by different beam models for different K’s with L/h = 10 and E/G = 16. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-static-and-kinematic-quantities-as-functions-ofk-and-1ziiv2zw.png Table 2: Static and kinematic quantities as functions ofK and L/h for E/G = 16. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-influence-of-k-e-g-and-l-h-on-vertical-deflections-1q2yvgkn.png Table 1: Influence of K,E/G and L/h on vertical deflections (wT/wB). https://scispace.com/papers/ancestry-informative-alleles-captured-with-reduced-1dcou5b2qr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-sequenced-data-per-individual-1f1jh3ts.png Table 1. Summary statistics of sequenced data per individual. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-polymorphisms-identified-in-cacao-dataset-2y5hv809.png Table 2. Summary of polymorphisms identified in cacao dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-supervised-admixture-using-ten-reference-populations-tlgy8gp8.png Fig 4. Supervised ADMIXTURE using ten reference populations. Each bar corresponds to an individual and the height to the proportion of ancestry explained by one of the 10 previously described populations. The first uniformly colored 79 columns correspond to individuals in the reference set. The remaining 30 columns show the proportions of ancestry assignment for each one of the newly sequenced cacao samples with our GBS approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-site-frequency-spectrum-of-t-cacao-samples-used-in-2z5hgtp0.png Fig 3. The site frequency spectrum of T. cacao samples used in the study. The orange bars correspond to alleles found in one, two or three chromosomes in the sample, considered to be low frequency in this study. The green bars correspond to alleles with a minor allele count of 4 or more and are considered common variants for the purpose of this experiment. Conservative estimates suggest that nearly 50% of the SNPs are rare and would be missed if an array were used to genotype these accessions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-principal-component-analysis-of-reference-and-cacao-1cj2ljva.png Fig 5. Principal component analysis of reference and cacao GBS samples. PCA plots of the same cacao collection according to subgroups, as identified by ADMIXTURE software. Although reference samples are closer together, the newly sequenced individuals are placed close to other individuals showing similar ancestry. Admixed individuals in the new cacao GBS set are more variable and overdispersed when compared to the reference set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-silico-analysis-of-restriction-enzyme-sites-in-the-34ymwxm5.png Fig 1. In silico analysis of restriction enzyme sites in the T. cacao genome. (A) Number of fragments computed in the size range between 200 and 700 bp. (B) Number of fragments computed in the size range between 200 and 1000 bp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-assessment-of-sequencing-on-target-per-sample-the-2g4cl1gq.png Fig 2. Assessment of sequencing on target per sample. The orange bar corresponds to the total number of fragments that are predicted to be digested in silico within the length distribution of 200 to 700 bp. Blue bars correspond to the number of sequenced fragments that meet our callability criteria overlapping with those predicted in silico. https://scispace.com/papers/ancient-harp-seal-hunters-of-disko-bay-vol-330-subsistence-5bq6rxcxhz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-the-qeqertasussuk-site-is-located-on-a-series-of-3edkuvqn.png Fig. 6.2. The Qeqertasussuk site is located on a series of raised beaches connecting a small knoll to the mainland. Notice the white tents at the site (photo: Morten Meldgaard). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-2-effect-of-sieving-on-the-relative-frequency-of-1fw03h7e.png Table 8.2. Effect of sieving on the relative frequency of seven bird species. The excavated fragments are from 4 m2 in Area B (12/23, 12/24, 13/24, 14/24). The screened fragments comming from 1/2 m2 in area B (1/4 m2 in 12/23 & 1/4 m2 in 14/24) have been multiplied by eight for comparison. Only species represented by more than 100 bone fragments have been included. Bird weights are from Salomonsen (1981). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1-effect-of-sieving-on-fish-species-diversity-the-33r4vbbs.png Table 8.1. Effect of sieving on fish species diversity. The excavated fragments are from 4 m2 in Area B (12/23, 12/24, 13/24, 14/24). The fragments recovered on the 4 millimeter and 2 millimeter sieves are from 1/4 m2 units in 12/23 and 14/24. Lengths of cod and salmon are averages for the fish represented in the material, while average lengths of the other species are from Muus (1981). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-6-the-food-web-of-sydostbugten-during-saqqaq-times-it-1172tyio.png Fig. 10.6. The food web of Sydostbugten during Saqqaq times. It illustrates the key role that species such as capelin and polar cod play, and how environmental change that affects these species has profound effects up through the system. The decline and abandonment of the Qeqertasussuk settlement may have been triggered by a shift from a more atlantic “capelin climate” to a more arctic “polar cod climate”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-5-minimum-estimate-of-the-biomass-represented-by-the-2pwpmwl6.png Table 9.5. Minimum estimate of the biomass represented by the main game species at Qeqertasussuk. Only the most common game species are included (Table 9.2). + means less than 0.05%. 1. Live weights have been adopted from Müller (1906) for arctic fox, from Smith (1973) for ringed seal, from Finn Kapel (pers.comm.) for harp seal, and from Salomonsen (1981) for the bird species. 2. Minimum number of individuals (MNI) have been calculated from the most frequently occuring indicator bone (mammals: the mandible, (except for fox in layer 3; humerus), birds: the humerus) in a bone sample of 407 kilos from Area B, and C. This sample represents approximately 8.7% of the total, both unexcavated and excavated, bone sample preserved on the site (Fig. 8.1), and the MNI’s have accordingly been multiplied by a factor 11.5. 3. The MNI’s for each age category of ringed seals and harp seals have been calculated on the basis of the age distribution presented in tables 9.6 and 9.8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-4-the-relative-representation-of-seal-species-based-cjzzjntn.png Table 9.4. The relative representation of seal species based on the frequency of indicator bones (IBC) (Table 9.12) and total number of bones from four m2 in Area B (NISP) (Table 9.2) 1. The harbour seal bones were found in the test pits, which were not included in the indicator bone count. 2. The walrus was documented by ivory implements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-8-age-distribution-of-harp-seals-based-on-thin-1pjjg1jm.png Table 9.8. Age distribution of harp seals based on thin sections and polished sections of canines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-location-of-late-inuit-sites-and-structures-the-1jh70e3f.png Fig. 5.1. Location of late Inuit sites and structures. The winter houses are generally situated facing the outer and open parts of Sydostbugten while the summer tents primarily are located in the more protected inner parts of the bay. https://scispace.com/papers/andy1g2-and-andy1r2-monte-carlo-programs-for-time-dependent-1jyvxijmfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-c-2-illustration-of-p-regions-roman-numerals-surface-2svclxp0.png Fig. C~2. Illustration of P-Regions (Roman Numerals) , Surface Segments (Arabic Numerals )̂ and Trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-input-for-andy1g2-and-andy1r2-u-1l834ihc.png Table I . Input for ANDY1G2 and ANDY1R2 U https://scispace.com/papers/angel-investors-around-the-world-54igb00hqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-models-for-testing-first-round-angel-2qnxg3sp.png Table 8. Regression Models for Testing First-Round Angel Certification Effect on Exits https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-for-conciseness-we-exclude-all-control-variables-429crh3k.png Table III. For conciseness, we exclude all control variables, which contain the exact same variables in Table VI: LN of GDP per capita, LN of Domestic Market Capitalization, MSCI Returns, Minority Protection Index, LN of Number of Employees, Number of Deals per Year, IDV, and UAI. *, **, *** Significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probit-regression-models-for-h1-q9qizzvf.png Table 6. Probit Regression Models for H1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-10-country-and-industry-distribution-for-3nl8ceac.png Table 1. Top 10 Country and Industry Distribution for Completed Deals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pe-and-vc-activity-trends-from-1977-2012-1bc5frrs.png Figure 2: PE and VC Activity Trends from 1977 - 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probit-regression-models-for-h1-continued-cqq363yo.png Table 6. Probit Regression Models for H1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-probit-regression-models-for-exits-outcomes-18je3fc9.png Table 7. Probit Regression Models for Exits Outcomes (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variable-definitions-and-summary-statistics-1iexhr7w.png Table 3. Variable Definitions and Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/anion-exchange-and-catalytic-functionalization-of-the-3dg8yqhw2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-esterification-of-levulinic-acid-with-ethanol-over-1za5uasl.png Table 3. Esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol over pristine and acid treated DUT-67 compounds. Results obtained in a blank experiment and over UiO-66(Zr) (ca. 12% missing linker defects) are also included for comparison.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-data-for-single-crystal-x-ray-2su19ab0.png Table 1. Experimental data for single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment for DUT-67(Zr)_HCl. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-textural-properties-of-pristine-and-acid-treated-dut-11wohjpe.png Table 2. Textural properties of pristine- and acid treated DUT-67. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-yield-of-ethyl-levulinate-obtained-after-3-h-8-h-1vulmyt5.png Figure 5. Yield of ethyl levulinate obtained (after 3 h, 8 h and 20 h of reaction) in consecutive recycling experiments of DUT-67(Zr)_HCl. Between two consecutive runs, the solid catalyst was washed with ethanol (runs 1 to 6), or with either H2O or a 2wt% ethanolic solution of HCl, and dried at room temperature overnight. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-water-adsorption-isotherms-of-dut-67-zr-black-dsjmariv.png Figure 3. Water adsorption isotherms of DUT-67(Zr) (black circles) and DUT-67(Zr)_HCl (red diamonds) and DUT-67(Zr)_H2SO4 (green triangles) at 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-crystal-structure-of-dut-67-hcooh-66-the-colored-11b0a7ac.png Figure 1. a) Crystal structure of DUT-67_HCOOH.66 The colored spheres represent three different pores: small octahedral micropore in yellow, small cuboctahedral pore – in violet, big cuboctahedral pore – in red. b) Local cluster environment of DUT-67 (Zr)_HCl. Zr atoms are shown in green, carbon in grey, oxygen in red, sulfur in yellow, chloride in orange. c – d) Positions of chlorine anions in the small octahedral pore (shown in yellow in Fig. 1a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-yield-of-ethyl-levulinate-obtained-over-zr-part-a-rjw2dwa0.png Figure 4. Yield of ethyl levulinate obtained over Zr (part a) and Hf (part b) based DUT-67 compounds: pristine compounds (-■-); HCl-treated samples (-◊-); and H2SO4-treated samples (-○- ). Results obtained over an UiO-66(Zr) compound with ca. 12% missing linkers (-*-) and in a blank experiment without catalyst (+) are also included for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/anisotropic-magnetoresistance-and-planar-hall-effect-in-3q35c957p6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phe-characterizations-of-the-sample-a-applied-2g5xd523.png Figure 5. PHE characterizations of the sample. a) applied external magnetic field is parallel to the current, b) the φH angle between the external magnetic field and current is 45°, and c) applied external magnetic field is perpendicular to the current. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-direct-comparison-of-the-amr-blue-and-phe-red-17osgylv.png Figure 6. Direct comparison of the AMR (blue) and PHE (red) curves of the magnetoresistive Py/ Pt sensor at φ = 45°. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-ramr-blue-and-rphe-red-curves-are-2d47xhtm.png Figure 7. Normalized RAMR (blue) and RPHE (red) curves are plotted as a function of the orientation of the applied field. The RAMR and RPHE curves intersect at specified angles shown in pink circles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photograph-of-the-sample-mounted-on-a-printed-1cpgqdao.png Figure 1. Photograph of the sample mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB). The sample consists of Hall bar (top) and continuous film (bottom). The contact pads and PCB terminals were connected with gold wires by using wire bonder. The inset is a microscope top-view image of the magnetoresistive Py/Pt sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-hall-bar-geometry-2wgmgkxb.png Figure 2. Schematic representation of the Hall bar geometry with the 6 terminals. The width of the Hall bar is 25 µm and the length is 200 µm. A constant current of 50 µA was passed through 1–6 terminals by using Keithley 2400 source meter. The voltage is measured 2–3 terminals for PHE and 4–5 terminals for AMR by using Keithley 2182 nanovoltmeter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-angle-dependent-behavior-of-the-normalized-remanent-3hptuzse.png Figure 3. Angle-dependent behavior of the normalized remanent magnetization (MR /MS) of the magnetoresistive Py/Pt sensor. Easy and hard axes of the sample are at φ = 0°(blue) and φ = 90°(red), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-amr-characterizations-of-the-sample-a-applied-1mbxu0od.png Figure 4. AMR characterizations of the sample. a) applied external magnetic field is parallel to the current, b) the φH angle between the external magnetic field and current is 45°, and c) applied external magnetic field is perpendicular to the current. https://scispace.com/papers/angle-resolved-and-core-level-photoemission-study-of-cla2jv9cpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-electronic-structure-of-bi1-5sb0-5te1-1a6272zw.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Electronic structure of Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 upon adsorption of silver at room temperature, and comparison with Nb and Fe deposition. I (E,k) images for the region near EF as a function of the amount of evaporated Ag: (a) Clean surface, (b) 0.1 ML, (c) 0.4 ML (d) 1.0 ML, and (e) 4.0 ML, where ML stands for monolayer. (f) Binding energy of the Dirac point (DP) as function of Ag, Nb, and Fe thickness, dashed lines are guides to the eye. Error bars on the energy of the DP depend on the coverage, ranging from ±5 meV for the clean surface to ±15 meV for 4 ML of Ag [the symbol size in (f) corresponds to 17 meV]. (g) and (h) Valence band I (k,E) images for (g) the clean surface and (h) after evaporation of 4 ML of Ag. Samples were kept at room temperature during evaporation and measurements, the latter being performed using a photon energy of 27 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-electronic-structure-of-bi1-5sb0-5te1-3slrhqda.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Electronic structure of Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 upon adsorption of silver at 38 K, and comparison with Nb and Fe deposition. (a)–(e) Near-EF dispersion relations for: (a) the clean BSTS surface, (b) 0.1 ML Ag, (c) 0.2 ML Ag, (d) 0.4 ML Ag, and (e) 1.0 ML Ag (ML stands for monolayer). (f) Binding energy of the Dirac point (DP) as function of Ag, Nb, and Fe evaporation thickness, with the shaded region acting as a guide to the eye. Error bars on the energy of the DP depend on the coverage, ranging from ±5 meV for the clean surface to ±20 meV for 1 ML of Ag [the symbol size in (f) corresponds to 13 meV]. (g) and (h) Valence band I (k,E) images for (g) the clean surface and (h) after evaporation of 1 ML of Ag, for which the arrow indicates the emission from Ag 4d states. For all data shown the samples were kept at 38 K during evaporation and measurements, the latter being performed with a photon energy of 27 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-high-resolution-core-level-spectra-a-and-2q2985gs.png FIG. 3. (Color online) High-resolution core-level spectra. (a) and (b) Bi 5d and Sb 4d core levels for BSTS decorated with the indicated amounts of (a) Fe and (b) Nb evaporated and measured at room temperature (red curves) or at 38 K (blue curves). (c) Analogous data for Ag (RT only). The insets in (a)–(c) show zooms of the indicated regions. (d) Bi 5d and Sb 4d core levels for BSTS decorated with the indicated amounts of Ag evaporated and measured at 38 K. The bordeaux red trace was recorded from a BSTS sample decorated with 2 ML of Ag at 38 K that was subsequently allowed to heat up to RT before measurement. (e) Zoom of the Bi 5d core-level lines comparing room temperature deposition (and measurement) for 2 ML of Fe and Nb and 4 ML of Ag. (f) Te 4d and Se 3d core levels for BSTS decorated with 2 ML of either Fe, Nb, or Ag at room temperature. The blue (dark gray) arrow indicates where the Fe 3d emission is situated. (g) Te 4d and Se 3d core levels for BSTS decorated with 2 ML of either Fe, Nb, or Ag at 38 K. The insets to (f) and (g) show zooms of higher binding-energy regions of the Te 4d and Se 3d features. In the inset to (g), the orange (light gray) arrows indicate signs of oxidation during Ag deposition. To ease comparison, the spectra have been shifted in energy such that in (a)–(e) the main feature of the Bi 5d levels are aligned. The energy shifts used closely track the chemical potential shifts seen in the ARPES data of Figs. 1, 2, and A1. For (a)–(d) the core-level data sets are normalized across the binding energy range of 0–110 eV. For (e) the main Bi 5d feature is used for normalization. In (f) and (g) the traces are shifted and normalized to coincide in both energy and intensity for the main Te 4d line. All spectra were measured with hν = 130 eV. https://scispace.com/papers/anisotropic-swirling-surface-acoustic-waves-from-inverse-2q80iug9cn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-influence-of-anisotropy-on-the-propagation-of-saws-3hdaq9gj.png FIG. 5. Influence of anisotropy on the propagation of SAWs generated by single electrodes. (a), (c), (e) Theoretical predictions; (b), (d), (f) experimental measurements. (a), (b) Beam widening; (c), (d) beam focusing; (e), (f) beam stirring. Color represents the beam relative intensity over the substrate and is not indicative of the ratio of intensity between two different transducers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-inverse-filtering-flowchart-inverse-filtering-happens-pfniv7y5.png FIG. 6. Inverse filtering flowchart. Inverse filtering happens in four steps. (i) Recording of the spatial impulse response(Hmatrix) forall transducers. (ii) Transformation of the H matrix from a spatial to spectral domain, where the response is sharper. (iii) Computation of the optimal input jEi for a desired output jSi by pseudoinversion of the matrix H. (iv) Generation of the signal from optimal input jEi. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-particular-example-of-isotropic-dark-beams-the-wj8fubpc.png FIG. 1. A particular example of isotropic dark beams: the Bessel beams [Eq. (1) in Sec. II] with l ¼ 1, kz ¼ 1, and kr ¼ 1. (a) Beam cross section with a complex phase and amplitude. (b) Isophase surfaces at lθ − kzz ¼ 0 and lθ − kzz ¼ π in red and blue, respectively. (c) Isosurface of ReðWlÞ ¼ −0.3 and þ0.3 in blue and white, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-and-theoretically-predicted-first-3cpl294x.png FIG. 8. Experimental and theoretically predicted first-orderW01 Bessel wave phase and amplitude. The maximum experimental displacement is 36 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-and-theoretically-predicted-zero-order-6pl3kgip.png FIG. 7. Experimental and theoretically predicted zero-order focused W00 Bessel wave phase and amplitude. The maximum experimental displacement is 40 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-and-theoretical-predictions-of-the-2ybkpf5e.png FIG. 9. Experimental and theoretical predictions of the combination of two seventh-order vorticesW0 7 of opposite charge. The maximum experimental displacement is 25 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-polarized-michelson-interferometer-used-for-scanning-1smecuqz.png FIG. 3. Polarized Michelson interferometer used for scanning the displacement field associated with surface acoustic waves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interdigitated-transducer-array-used-for-generating-mk2tue73.png FIG. 2. Interdigitated transducer array used for generating the surface acoustic waves. The central black disk (25-mm diameter) is a gold layer acting as a mirror for interferometric measurements and materializes the maximum extent of the acoustic scene. Vector format image (available online) is used to visualize the fine structure of the electrodes. https://scispace.com/papers/ankle-dexterity-remains-intact-in-patients-with-incomplete-59giyxft1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-stroke-and-isci-patients-3q2lodkd.png Table 1 Characteristics of the stroke and iSCI patients Characteristic SCI Stroke Controls https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-of-the-mep-parameters-latency-and-15hvv8fx.png Fig. 2 Relationship of the MEP parameters (latency and amplitude) to dexterity and MMV in all groups. Top relationship between dexterity and a MEP latency [normalized for body height (ms/m)] and b MEP amplitude. Dexterity is presented as deviation between the target frequency 2.4 Hz and the frequency, which was performed by the subjects. Bottom relationship between MMV at 2.4 Hz and c MEP latency [normalized for body height (ms/m)] and d MEP amplitude https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dexterity-a-representative-example-of-dexterity-at-2-4-x217q4j9.png Fig. 1 Dexterity. a Representative example of dexterity at 2.4 Hz of an iSCI patient [female 57 years, normalized MVC in dorsiXexion 0.26 Nm/kg, deviation from target frequency: 0.17 Hz (average in iSCI group 0.29 Hz)] compared to the ideal sinus curve. b Individual results of a representative stroke patient (left hemisphere) [female 71 years, normalized MVC in dorsiXexion 0.22 Nm/kg, deviation from target frequency 0.53 Hz (average in stroke group 0.66 Hz)] compared to the ideal sinus curve https://scispace.com/papers/annoyed-with-haemorrhoids-risks-of-the-emborrhoid-technique-1ywp10kjsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-and-b-post-procedural-3d-ct-scan-showing-segmental-3edyjveg.png Fig. 5 a and b Post-procedural 3D-CT scan, showing segmental recto-sigmoid stenosis (red arrows) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-arteriography-showing-diffuse-rectal-bleeding-red-7imes0q5.png Fig. 1 Arteriography showing diffuse rectal bleeding (red arrow) during emborrhoid procedure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-severe-post-procedural-recto-sigmoid-stenosis-white-3l49tass.png Fig. 4 Severe post-procedural recto-sigmoid stenosis (white arrow) as seen by a gastroscope https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-persistent-haemorrhoidal-prolapse-white-arrow-after-13r41h63.png Fig. 3 Persistent haemorrhoidal prolapse (white arrow) after the emborrhoid technique https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-post-procedural-ct-scan-showing-recto-sigmoid-2palxf6w.png Fig. 2 Post-procedural CT scan showing recto-sigmoid ischaemia, with pneumatosis and peri-sigmoid oedema (red arrow) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-review-of-complications-associated-with-the-e0inxuxy.png Table 1 Review of complications associated with the emborrhoid technique https://scispace.com/papers/annotation-based-personalized-adaptation-and-presentation-of-50sz3i33k9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cascade-of-weak-classifiers-8z7meqqz.png Fig. 3 Cascade of weak classifiers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-motion-compensated-background-subtraction-4frxqsli.png Fig. 2 Motion compensated background subtraction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-overview-of-roi-based-adaptation-transcoder-tool-5w5kffcx.png Fig. 6 Overview of ROI-based adaptation (transcoder) tool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-of-the-generic-spatial-segmentation-18ndifij.png Fig. 8 Results of the generic spatial segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-relative-execution-speed-of-the-trancoder-compared-to-2blemtch.png Fig. 10 Relative execution speed of the trancoder compared to recoding with rate-distortion optimization enabled and disabled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-specialized-object-detection-results-on-crew-sequence-2wziw7n9.png Fig. 4 Specialized object detection results on Crew sequence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-roi-based-and-traditionally-transcoding-1px2nc0j.png Fig. 11 Comparison of ROI-based and traditionally transcoding for the Crew sequence based on the annotations in Fig. 4(a). The first row depicts the original resolution, the second row illustrates the user-driven presentation when zooming into the ROI covering all faces, whereas in the third row, we zoomed into the face of the person standing on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rate-distortion-results-for-recoding-and-transcoding-2sh3itn8.png Fig. 9 Rate-distortion results for recoding and transcoding. https://scispace.com/papers/annual-report-for-los-alamos-national-laboratory-technical-h9ebrqgkt7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-4-projected-doses-for-members-of-the-public-h6rmzooj.png Table 6-4 Projected Doses for Members of the Public: Headspace Waste Impacts Analysis Results vs. Projections Developed Using the Site Model without Headspace Waste https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-summary-of-differences-between-doses-projected-for-2oju2vyg.png Table 6-1 . Summary of Differences Between Doses Projected for Members of Public Using GoldSim 9.60 SP4 and GoldSim 10.11 SP4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-future-waste-inventory-estimates-for-area-g-fy-39mvjtnl.png Table 3-1 Future Waste Inventory Estimates for Area G: FY 2011 Disposal Receipt-Based Projections vs. Revision 4 Performance Assessment and Composite Analysis Projections https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-comparison-of-radon-fluxes-projected-using-goldsim-kk0sczfb.png Table 6-3 Comparison of Radon Fluxes Projected Using GoldSim 9.60 SP4 and GoldSim 10.11 SP4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-projected-intruder-exposures-fy-2011-disposal-137t7w11.png Table 3-4 Projected Intruder Exposures: FY 2011 Disposal Receipt Review vs. Projections from the Intruder Models with Headspace Impacts https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-summary-of-differences-between-doses-projected-for-2kce9ehm.png Table 6-1 . Summary of Differences Between Doses Projected for Members of Public Using GoldSim 9.60 SP4 and GoldSim 10.11 SP4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-projected-radon-fluxes-fy-2011-disposal-receipt-2s685d3u.png Table 3-3 Projected Radon Fluxes: FY 2011 Disposal Receipt Review vs. Projections from the Site Model with Headspace Impacts https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-summary-of-differences-between-doses-projected-for-343mc2al.png Table 6-2 Summary of Differences Between Doses Projected for Inadvertent Intruders Using GoldSim 9.60 SP4 and GoldSim 10.11 SP4 https://scispace.com/papers/annuities-and-individual-welfare-c6wvucjv0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-consumption-by-age-past-retirement-for-1cfx0e7g.png Figure 4: Optimal Consumption by age past retirement for different levels of annuitization: U = ∑ 35 t=1 1.03−tln( ct st )(1 − mt), s0 = 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimal-consumption-by-age-past-retirement-for-3nca874g.png Figure 5: Optimal Consumption by age past retirement for different levels of annuitization: U = ∑ 35 t=1 1.1−tln( ct st )(1 − mt), s0 = 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimal-consumption-by-age-past-retirement-for-dn681f0p.png Figure 6: Optimal Consumption by age past retirement for different levels of annuitization: U = ∑ 35 t=1 −1.03−t( ct st )−1(1 − mt), s0 = 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimal-consumption-by-age-past-retirement-for-3u4xsge4.png Figure 1: Optimal Consumption by age past retirement for different levels of annuitization: U = ∑ 35 t=1 1.03−tln(ct)(1 − mt) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-consumption-by-age-past-retirement-for-3q7dcx20.png Figure 3: Optimal Consumption by age past retirement for different levels of annuitization: U = ∑ 35 t=1 −1.03−tc−1 t (1 − mt) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-consumption-by-age-past-retirement-for-377s8d4j.png Figure 2: Optimal Consumption by age past retirement for different levels of annuitization: U = ∑ 35 t=1 1.1−tln(ct)(1 − mt) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optimal-consumption-by-age-past-retirement-for-plxhuae3.png Figure 8: Optimal Consumption by age past retirement for different levels of annuitization: U = ∑ 35 t=1 1.1−tln( ct st )(1 − mt), s0 = 50 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-optimal-consumption-by-age-past-retirement-for-3kwp2qke.png Figure 7: Optimal Consumption by age past retirement for different levels of annuitization: U = ∑ 35 t=1 1.03−tln( ct st )(1 − mt), s0 = 50 https://scispace.com/papers/annual-technical-progress-report-of-radioisotope-power-1g24xsexke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-micrograph-of-foil-sample-following-yy1utfxn.png Figure 2. Optical micrograph of foil sample Following Recrystallization heat treat of 1 hour at 1250°C meets requirements for grain size and full recrystallization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-nonconformance-reports-issued-for-1y5t4by3.png Table 2. Summary of Nonconformance Reports Issued for Purchased Iridium Powder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-original-production-frit-vent-powder-lot-91-0087-2fbooxae.png Figure 1. Original production frit vent powder, lot 91-0087-jar 4C, at 500X magnification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-new-production-frit-vent-powder-lot-92-0035-jar-6-2ziuvc5n.png Figure 2. Optical micrograph of foil sample Following Recrystallization heat treat of 1 hour at 1250°C meets requirements for grain size and full recrystallization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-from-current-700-100degc-gradient-stress-ujqox9s1.png Figure 8. Results from Current 700/100°C Gradient Stress Relaxation Test (Test #13) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-results-from-current-700-100degc-gradient-stress-2tvnk0wm.png Figure 9. Results from Current 700/100°C Gradient Stress Relaxation Test (Test #15) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-secondary-electron-image-of-recrystallized-covered-318lzuft.png Figure 8. Results from Current 700/100°C Gradient Stress Relaxation Test (Test #13) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-secondary-electron-image-of-as-rolled-iridium-alloy-2lih69kd.png Figure 5. Secondary electron image of as rolled iridium alloy foil (defect region). https://scispace.com/papers/anomalous-entities-detection-and-localization-in-pedestrian-46qix26vod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multiple-gridding-a-frame-patch-is-decomposed-into-q08e7qoa.png Figure 3: Multiple gridding. A frame patch is decomposed into three-level gridding that is 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4, where each grid is a block. The Multiple-level gridding captures information at different granularities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-information-extraction-a-frame-patch-is-2r4ncd8h.png Figure 2: Spatial information extraction. A frame patch is decomposed into 3x3 equal sized blocks. The intensity average Iave and gradients in both directions, Dx and Dy, of each block is computed and compared between every unique pair of blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-proposed-gkim-on-ucsd-dataset-the-21vl3zv4.png Figure 4: Results of proposed GKIM on UCSD dataset: The detection and localization of anomalous entities are overlaid on the original frames and annotated in white for the purpose of visualization. GKIM has successfully detected and localized cyclists, skaters and vehicles as anomalous entities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-proposed-gkim-on-umn-dataset-the-1caaput5.png Figure 5: Results of proposed GKIM on UMN dataset. The detection and localization of anomalous entities are overlaid on the original frames and annotated in red for the purpose of visualization. GKIM has successfully detected the escape panics accurately in all the four scenes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-proposed-gkim-on-ucd-dataset-the-2l1pvl1u.png Figure 6: Results of proposed GKIM on UCD dataset. The detection and localization of anomalous entities are overlaid on the original frames and annotated in blue for the purpose of visualization. The pedestrian flows representing deviations from what have been observed before are detected accurately by GKIM in all the four scenes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-umn-equal-error-rate-eer-and-detection-rate-dr-the-1pnrbgpd.png Figure 10: UMN-equal error rate (EER) and detection rate (DR). The average EER and average DR for our proposed method for UMN dataset are presented in the left and right columns, respectively. The variations in the results are not significant except from configurations 4 to 5, 6 to 7, 14 to 15, 15 to 16, 19 to 20, 20 to 21, and 24 to 25. These changes are due to the changes in the patch gridding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-configuration-set-for-sensitivity-analysis-for-our-13s7kilw.png Table 8: Configuration set. For sensitivity analysis for our proposed method, 25 different configurations are listed based on patch gridding, the threshold , lobe scale k, and the parameter ψ. In the patch gridding, 1x, 2x, 3x, 4x, and 5x represent 1x1, 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, and 5x5, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ucsd-equal-error-rate-eer-and-detection-rate-dr-the-1j0ikak8.png Figure 9: UCSD-equal error rate (EER) and detection rate (DR). The average EER and average DR for our proposed method for UCSD dataset are presented in the left and right columns, respectively. The variations in the results are not significant except from configurations 4 to 5, 6 to 7, 14 to 15, 15 to 16, 19 to 20, 20 to 21, and 24 to 25. These changes are due to the changes in the patch gridding. https://scispace.com/papers/anonymous-connections-and-onion-routing-2ay9fspbxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-single-onion-layer-31n85f5j.png Fig. 2. A single onion layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-generic-cell-33qdebdp.png Fig. 3. A generic cell. https://scispace.com/papers/another-look-at-trading-costs-and-short-term-reversal-mxhpqyq0s8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-profitability-of-reversal-investment-strategies-31q6ve8k.png TABLE 7. Profitability of reversal investment strategies using a five-day rebalancing frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-fama-french-regressions-3ojgtkky.png TABLE 10. Fama-French regressions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-profitability-of-reversal-investment-strategies-over-37052361.png TABLE 8. Profitability of reversal investment strategies over subperiods https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transaction-cost-estimates-for-the-1000-and-600-3t46pzpe.png TABLE 3. Transaction cost estimates for the 1,000 and 600 largest European stocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-profitability-of-standard-reversal-investment-jtrk6m2z.png TABLE 4. Profitability of standard reversal investment strategies for the 1,500, 500 and 100 largest U.S. stocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-profitability-of-smart-reversal-investment-1v9ixr0c.png TABLE 5. Profitability of “smart” reversal investment strategies for the 1,500, 500 and 100 largest U.S. stocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transaction-cost-estimates-for-the-1500-largest-u-s-19ygvgqj.png TABLE 1. Transaction cost estimates for the 1,500 largest U.S. stocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-smart-portfolio-construction-using-alternative-trade-3t18820c.png TABLE 9. “Smart” portfolio construction using alternative trade rules. https://scispace.com/papers/antecedents-and-effects-of-green-is-adoptions-insights-from-10tacourt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interview-questions-218t707v.png Table 2. Interview questions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-research-design-2q62cit6.png Figure 1. Conceptual research design https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-samples-of-concepts-3aa4cfdv.png Table 3. Samples of concepts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interviews-zlwrqfj7.png Table 1. Interviews https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretical-model-for-future-green-is-study-3g9vsbob.png Figure 2. Theoretical model for future Green IS study https://scispace.com/papers/answering-aggregate-keyword-queries-on-relational-databases-3hj7atdwxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-running-time-for-the-keyword-graph-index-generation-vi6f8r3z.png Figure 6: Running time for the keyword graph index generation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-aggregate-lattice-on-abc-2s07iwnw.png Figure 1: The aggregate lattice on ABC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-t-in-example-2-oyrk9ubz.png Table 2: Table T in Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-average-length-of-edge-labels-in-the-keyword-281zf57f.png Figure 8: The average length of edge labels in the keyword graph index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-skew-on-text-attribute-2kpborf2.png Figure 10: Skew on text attribute. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-query-time-of-the-two-methods-on-different-mxa9sp88.png Figure 5: Query time of the two methods on different synthetic data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-number-of-edges-in-the-keyword-graph-index-1nczpy4z.png Figure 7: The number of edges in the keyword graph index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-skew-on-dimensional-attributes-16z71zq2.png Figure 9: Skew on dimensional attributes. https://scispace.com/papers/ant-aphid-interactions-are-ants-friends-enemies-or-both-5kjme9r4js 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-the-treatments-on-the-rank-of-aphid-numbers-266sgh1z.png Fig. 1. Effect of the treatments on the rank of aphid numbers ( 1 SE). There were 30 plants in each treatment. Ants had a strong negative effect on aphid numbers throughout the experiment. Nonant predators initially had a weak negative effect on aphids, but by the end of the experiment the effects of nonant predators and ants were of similar magnitudes. The presence of both nonant predators and ants did not reduce aphid densities below the effect of ants or nonant predators alone. Aphid distributions were strongly lognormal, so we portray the data by using ranks rather than with means. We used a randomization approach to analyze the data because the data were strongly non-normal (see Materials and Methods). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-distribution-of-the-number-of-cages-with-3jfn3dt6.png Table 1. Frequency distribution of the number of cages with different numbers of aphids https://scispace.com/papers/anthelmintic-resistance-in-ovine-gastrointestinal-nematodes-17m6cva99x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-sheep-farms-in-southern-queensland-3lt4662m.png Table 2. Proportion of sheep farms in southern Queensland, Australia, with resistance in Haemonchus contortus to anthelmintics tested https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-undifferentiated-group-mean-faecal-egg-counts-fec-14og7zvr.png Table 3. Undifferentiated group mean faecal egg counts (FEC) and efficacy of levamisole (LEV) and naphthalophos (NAP) anthelmintics against Haemonchus contortus on sheep farms in southern Queensland, Australia https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anthelmintics-tested-in-sheep-in-southern-queensland-241djjsl.png Table 1. Anthelmintics tested in sheep in southern Queensland, Australia https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-undifferentiated-group-mean-faecal-egg-counts-fec-10vfs1kz.png Table 4. Undifferentiated group mean faecal egg counts (FEC) and efficacy of closantel–abamectin (CLOS + ABA) combination and moxidectin (MOX) long-acting (LA) anthelmintics against Haemonchus contortus on sheep farms in southern Queensland, Australia https://scispace.com/papers/anthriscus-nemorosa-essential-oil-inhalation-prevents-memory-3hntg2q1a9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-identified-compounds-in-the-3olbd4yt.png Table 1 Chemical composition (%) of identified compounds in the essential oil of Anthriscus nemorosa aerial parts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pearsons-correlation-between-spontaneous-alternation-27bq16gx.png Fig. 5. Pearson’s correlation between spontaneous alternation% vs.% open arms time (a), spontaneous alternation% vs. swimming time (b), spontaneous alternation% vs. immobility time (c), reference memory errors vs. swimming time (d) and reference memory errors vs. immobility time (e) in control group (*), scopolamine (Sco) alonetreated group (&), Sco + AEO1% group (~) and Sco + AEO3% group (^). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effects-of-the-inhaled-anthriscus-nemorosa-essential-cp79uqu6.png Fig. 4. Effects of the inhaled Anthriscus nemorosa essential oil (AEO1% and AEO3%) on swimming time (a) and immobility time (b) in the scopolamine (Sco)-treated rats during the 6 min period in the forced swimming test. Values are means S.E.M. (n = 6 animals per group). For Turkey’s post hoc analyses – #Sco vs. Sco + AEO1%: p < 0.0001 and $Sco vs. Sco + AEO3%: p < 0.001 (a) and #Sco vs. Sco + AEO1%: p < 0.0001 and $Sco vs. Sco + AEO3%: p < 0.0001 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-the-inhaled-anthriscus-nemorosa-essential-2up8ffp6.png Fig. 3. Effects of the inhaled Anthriscus nemorosa essential oil (AEO1% and AEO3%) in the elevated plus-maze test on the percentage of the time spent in the open arms (a), the number of open-arm entries (b) and number of crossing (c) in the scopolamine (Sco)-treated rats. Values are means S.E.M. (n = 6 animals per group). For Turkey’s post hoc analyses – #Sco vs. Sco + AEO1%: p < 0.01 and $Sco vs. Sco + AEO3%: p < 0.001 (a), #Sco vs. Sco + AEO1%: p < 0.001 and $Sco vs. Sco + AEO3%: p < 0.0001 (b) and #Sco vs. Sco + AEO1%: p < 0.001 and $Sco vs. Sco + AEO3%: p < 0.0001 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-the-inhaled-anthriscus-nemorosa-essential-7oh6dpe8.png Fig. 1. Effects of the inhaled Anthriscus nemorosa essential oil (AEO1% and AEO3%) in the Y-maze on the number of arm entries (a) and spontaneous alternation% (b) in the scopolamine (Sco)-treated rats. Values are means S.E.M. (n = 6 animals per group). For Turkey’s post hoc analyses – #Sco vs. Sco + AEO1%: p < 0.001 and $Sco vs. Sco + AEO3%: p < 0.0001. https://scispace.com/papers/anthropology-and-gis-temporal-and-spatial-distribution-of-117gfqlvok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-negrito-languages-in-the-philippines-2000-1rnnxpj5.png Table 2. List of Negrito Languages in the Philippines, 2000 Census (National Statistics Office 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-ethnographic-map-of-the-philippines-3wcl260i.png Figure 1. General ethnographic map of the Philippines according to Blumentritt (1890) and Algué’s Atlas de Filipinas (1900). Major geopolitical features are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-provincial-negrito-presence-according-to-the-1903-1v8n6o0c.png Figure 2. Provincial negrito presence according to the 1903 Census of the population (Sanger et al. 1905). The negrito groups studied by Algué (1900) are shown as in Figure 1. [Editor’s note: Owing to the unfortunate demise of Dr. Padilla, it has proved impossible to increase the size of the provincial labels that are unreadable.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-and-presence-of-negritos-in-the-luzon-vodolaco.png Table 1. Distribution and Presence of Negritos in the Luzon Islands, Mindoro, Panay, Negros, Bohol, and Palawan (Meyer 1899) https://scispace.com/papers/anti-corruption-law-in-local-government-legal-issues-related-2hq39c3afa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-public-procurements-for-2007-in-macedonia-22r947eb.png Figure 5: Public procurements for 2007 in Macedonia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-regulatory-impact-assessment-costs-of-anti-2agwlezd.png Figure 19: Regulatory Impact Assessment Costs of Anti-Corruption Municipal Ordinance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-two-part-test-for-certiorari-or-injunctive-relief-13yb78oz.png Figure 9: Two part test for certiorari or injunctive relief from rent-seeking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-should-service-delivery-surveys-be-covered-by-anti-3dcgpqdr.png Figure 11: Should Service Delivery Surveys be Covered by Anti-Corruption Ordinance-Making? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-exclusions-under-public-procurement-law-1lm4s1qo.png Figure 6: Exclusions under Public Procurement Law https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selected-services-provided-by-macedonian-municipal-2q177ke3.png Figure 3: Selected Services Provided by Macedonian Municipal Government https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-total-cases-handled-by-state-commission-in-2007-pz0bc88a.png Figure 12: Total Cases Handled By State Commission in 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-test-for-the-legality-of-municipal-level-qui-tam-nsij83w1.png Figure 17: A Test for the Legality of Municipal-level Qui Tam Rewards https://scispace.com/papers/antibiofilm-coatings-based-on-protein-engineered-polymers-45kkxz03wk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-micrographs-of-the-disrupted-bacteria-yellow-1becrbdo.png Figure 8. SEM micrographs of the disrupted bacteria (yellow arrows) found in the surfaces containing D-GL13K peptides. Scale bar = 2 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-antibiofilm-activity-of-the-coatings-against-oral-2yv09cz1.png Figure 9. Antibiofilm activity of the coatings against oral microcosm biofilms after incubation in the DFBR for 6 days. Metabolic activity and DNA quantification demonstrated the strong and significant antibiofilm activity of the coatings (N.S.= non-significant, *p<0.05, **p<0.001 compared with eTi control). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-water-contact-angle-wca-of-surfaces-after-different-8bobikr8.png Figure 3. Water contact angle (WCA) of surfaces after different modification steps for covalent attachment of the AMP (a) or protein polymers (b). Bars represent the WCA after stabilization for 60 s and error bars represent standard deviations (n=6). (c) Representative images of the water drops on the different coatings (*p<0.05, **p<0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-s-gordonii-biofilms-formed-on-the-surfaces-after-3atzws0v.png Figure 5. S. gordonii biofilms formed on the surfaces after incubation under dynamic conditions (DFBR): (a) LIVE/DEAD staining images of the streptococcal biofilms obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Green cells correspond to bacteria with intact membranes, whereas the bacterial membranes are compromised or damaged in red bacteria (area xy = 126 x 126 µm). (b) and (c) SEM micrographs of the immobilized biofilms on the surfaces. After 48h incubations, coatings prevented the grow of a mature biofilm on the surfaces, whereas eTi surfaces (control) were covered by multiple layers of bacteria and extracellular matrix that rendered an irregular S. gordonii biofilm. General view of the biofilms (b) shows the irregularities and multiple heights of the biofilms formed on control eTi surfaces (blank zone in the upper-right corner corresponds with low thickness region). Scale bars = 40 µm (b) and 4 µm (c). These results, together with the physical characterization, indicate that ELRs serve as a functional platform for AMP-tethering. ELR-coatings showed dynamic response and they allowed proper folding of the AMPs; hence, the peptides were active within the recombinant polymer (Figure 5). Recent studies evidenced that the antimicrobial potential of amphiphilic AMPs is related to their ability to adopt secondary conformations with https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quantification-of-antibiofilm-activity-by-cfu-3ilxuy5x.png Figure 6. Quantification of antibiofilm activity by CFU counting and metabolic activity assay, as measured after incubation for 48 h under dynamic conditions. The presence of the GL13K (L or D enantiomer) in the hybrid ELR coatings significantly decreased biofilm formation with respect to uncoated eTi (*p<0.05). Furthermore, quantification of the antibiofilm activity of the coatings was successfully assessed by CFU counting and evaluation of the metabolic activity of the remaining biofilms after the incubation period (Figure 6). In comparison to eTi discs, all coatings reduced biofilm formation, with significantly lower CFU and ATP values. VC coatings showed a notable reduction in bacteria, as shown in Figure 5, but the CFU and ATP values revealed that the antimicrobial effect of these coatings was moderate and lower than for https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sequences-and-molecular-weights-mw-of-the-amp-elr-2n1pg3tk.png Table 1. Sequences and molecular weights (MW) of the AMP/ELR/AMP-ELRs used to manufacture covalent coatings on Ti substrates. The MW was calculated experimentally by MALDI-TOF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-immobilization-of-d-q15o3vsw.png Figure 2. Schematic representation of the immobilization of D-GL13K peptides and the oriented tethering of proteinengineered polymers on titanium surfaces by titanium etching and silanization. The NaOH etching of titanium (eTi) formed abundant polar hydroxyl groups on the metal surface,46 thus meaning that these surfaces were highly hydrophilic (WCA = 10.2° ± https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-physicochemical-characterization-of-the-coatings-s6a60vl6.png Figure 4. Physicochemical characterization of the coatings after the stability tests. Evolution of the N/Ti atomic ratio (a) and wettability (b) of the modified Ti surfaces after ultrasonication for 2 hours in aqueous solution, followed by incubation in PBS (1X) at 37 °C for 1 and 2 weeks (N.S = non-significant, *p<0.05, **p<0.001). Gradual removal of the protein polymers from the coatings may be due to their different degree of hydrophilicity and/or the chemical nature of the linker used for covalent immobilization. Thus, the D-GL13K peptide was nonspecifically attached to the CPTESsilanized surface via the free amines, thus exposing their apolar residues and producing https://scispace.com/papers/anti-sars-cov-2-igg-antibodies-in-adolescent-students-and-1245ilaes5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-s906q5k6.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/papers/antidepressant-use-and-mortality-in-finland-a-register-2wiqac54zf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rate-ratio-rr-for-suicide-as-function-of-time-since-c5xlkm44.png Fig. 1 Rate ratio (RR) for suicide as function of time since start of follow-up. Reference category is 0–30 days in one-purchase group (solid line). The no-current-medication group is represented by long dashes, SSRI by short dashes, and other antidepressants by short and long dashes. The 95% confidence intervals of all groups overlap in all time periods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-suicide-mortality-and-use-of-antidepressants-o3vz94yg.png Table 2 Suicide mortality and use of antidepressants https://scispace.com/papers/antiferromagnetic-coupling-across-silicon-regulated-by-12qwfon22a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-longitudinal-moke-hysteresis-and-1b968etm.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Longitudinal MOKE hysteresis and collector current Ic hysteresis taken at Ubias¼ 2.5 V. The in-plane magnetic field is aligned along the easy-axis [110] direction. The Ic(H) hysteresis loops are averaged over 20 cycles. Thin arrows indicate the sweep direction of the magnetic field, and thick arrows show magnetization alignment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-collector-current-ic-versus-biasing-r15t1xvw.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The collector current Ic versus biasing voltage Ubias taken in the remanent state (H¼ 0: squares) and above the saturation field in the parallel alignment (H¼ 1 kOe: circles) applied along easy axis [110] direction. The inset demonstrates the schematic diagram of the experimental set-up. Thin arrows illustrate the energy distribution of hot electrons. Thick arrows show directions of magnetic moments for iron layers and for spin-up and spin-down electrons. Hot electrons tunnel across a vacuum tunneling barrier in the direction from the STM tip to the sample surface. The tunneling current IT becomes spin-polarized in the upper iron layer. Spin-down (spinup) tunneling electrons are scattered mainly in the upper (bottom) magnetic layer, respectively, thus producing dynamic spin-transfer torques, which stabilize magnetization alignment. The collector current Ic consists of hot electrons with energies exceeding the height of Fe/GaPAs Schottky barrier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-single-cycle-collector-current-ic-versus-2beqg9dq.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Single-cycle collector current Ic versus magnetic field aligned along [110] easy axis for different values of the tunneling current IT measured at Ubias¼ 2.5 V. The squares and circles correspond to positive and negative sweep directions of magnetic field indicated by arrows, correspondingly. Parallel and antiparallel magnetization alignment is marked as P and AP, accordingly. https://scispace.com/papers/antimicrobial-activity-of-miconia-species-melastomataceae-3rkzm8lmta 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mic-exhibited-by-extracts-of-miconia-species-13nuvtdv.png TABLE 3. MIC EXHIBITED BY EXTRACTS OF MICONIA SPECIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-profiles-of-the-meoh-extracts-of-a-m-cabucu-b-m-9nvvdek2.png FIG. 1. Profiles of the MeOH extracts of (a) M. cabucu, (b) M. rubiginosa, and (c) M. stenostachya (RP-18; 250 4.60 mm i.d.; particle size 5 m). Solvent A was H2O 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid; solvent B was CH3CN 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid. The gradient was 32–35% B for 20 minutes, 35–75% B for 60 minutes, and 75–100% B for 65 minutes at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/minute ( 254 nm). (Insets) Some ultraviolet spectra from peaks. AU, arbitrary units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gc-fid-chromatograms-of-a-m-cabucu-b-m-rubiginosa-c-m-ysj84mkm.png FIG. 2. GC-FID chromatograms of (a) M. cabucu, (b) M. rubiginosa, (c) M. stenostachya, and (d) hydrocarbon standards (Sigma). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-more-abundant-fragments-obtained-via-gc-ms-2anha9tq.png TABLE 1. MORE ABUNDANT FRAGMENTS OBTAINED VIA GC-MS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gc-ms-chromatograms-of-a-m-cabucu-b-m-rubiginosa-and-c-2eq7ro1q.png FIG. 3. GC-MS chromatograms of (a) M. cabucu, (b) M. rubiginosa, and (c) M. stenostachya. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-antimicrobial-activities-of-chcl3-and-meoh-extracts-3kcya3ef.png TABLE 2. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF CHCL3 AND MEOH EXTRACTS OF THE MICONIA SPECIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-glycosylated-flavonoids-of-miconia-species-151xooe4.png FIG. 4. Glycosylated flavonoids of Miconia species. https://scispace.com/papers/antimicrobial-resistance-and-biological-governance-37m6lpn1tj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-national-warnings-of-amr-1950s-90s-cughau11.png Table 1 Some national warnings of AMR, 1950s-90s https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modern-intergovernmental-amr-policy-development-1998-36kb5tbp.png Table 2: Modern Intergovernmental AMR policy development, 1998-2015 https://scispace.com/papers/anxiety-impulsivity-subtypes-in-adolescent-internalizing-18mrxo7ofg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selection-of-subjects-a-visualization-of-selection-1pqa6z3o.png Figure 1 Selection of subjects. (A) Visualization of selection of pure internalizing disorders patients 185 and all internalizing disorders patients. (B) Flowchart showing selection of subjects and number of 186 participants in each subgroup analysis. Our initial analyses focused on individuals with pure 187 internalizing disorders while excluding subjects with comorbid externalizing disorders to control 188 for the potential influence of comorbid externalizing conditions. To test the robustness of our 189 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-anxiety-and-impulsivity-in-pure-2n58qwm3.png Figure 4 Correlation between anxiety and impulsivity in pure internalizing patients. (A) Baseline 398 anxiety-impulsivity relationship in subtype 1. (B) Baseline anxiety-impulsivity relationship in 399 subtype 2. (C) Longitudinal associations between anxiety and lack of perseverance in subtype 1. (D) 400 Longitudinal associations between anxiety and sensation seeking in subtype 2. Anxiety was 401 measured by CBCL-Anxiety Problem. Impulsivity was measured by sub-facets of UPPS-P. 402 Threshold of significant p-value was 0.05. nu, negative urgency; pu, positive urgency; lope, lack of 403 perseverance; lopl, lack of planning; ss, sensation seeking; anx, anxiety. 404 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neurobiological-characterization-of-the-subtypes-of-3t9hq2jv.png Figure 3 Neurobiological characterization of the subtypes of pure internalizing patients at baseline. 353 (A) Thickness alterations in subtype 1 compared to HC (B) Thickness alterations in subtype 2 354 compared to HC (C) Thickness alterations in subtype 1 compared to subtype 2. (D) Thickness 355 alterations in all pure internalizing patients (subtype 1 and subtype 2) compared to HC. HC, healthy 356 control. * q<0.05, FDR corrected. 357 358 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-at-baseline-aian-american-17g9psb4.png Table 1 Sample characteristics at baseline. AIAN, American Indian/Alaska Native; NHPI = Native 297 Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander. 298 a: Education of parents was measured by the years of education of the parent with the highest 299 education, categorized as an ordinal variable across five bins (1: < HS Diploma; 2: HS 300 Diploma/GED; 3: Some College; 4: Bachelor; 5: Post Graduate Degree). 301 b: Income was the sum of the annual incomes of both parents, categorized as an ordinal variable 302 across ten bins (1: <$5,000; 2: $5,000-11,999; 3: $12,000-15,999; 4: $16,000-24,999; 5: $25,000-303 34,999; 6: $35,000-49,999; 7: $50,000-74,999; 8: $75,000-99,999; 9: $100,000-199,999; 304 10: >$200,000). 305 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-differences-of-a-psychopathology-b-transition-rate-3lk5i2fl.png Figure 5 Differences of (A) psychopathology, (B) transition rate to externalizing disorders at 1-year 433 follow-up, (C) transition rate to externalizing disorders and prevalence of suicidality at 2-year 434 follow-up between subgroups in pure internalizing patients, and differences of (D) gradesa and (E) 435 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-behavioral-differences-between-subtype-1-subtype-2-3ti87an0.png Figure 2 Behavioral differences between subtype 1, subtype 2 in pure internalizing patients and 325 healthy control. (A) Five dimensions of impulsivity (UPPS-P) in two subtypes of internalizing 326 patients (subtype 1 and subtype 2) determined by clustering analysis. (B) Comparisons of anxiety 327 (CBCL-Anxiety Problems). (C) Comparisons of UPPS-P among groups. nu, negative urgency; pu, 328 positive urgency; lope, lack of perseverance; lopl, lack of planning; ss, sensation seeking. HC, 329 healthy control. * p<0.5; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; **** p<0.0001; NS, not significant. 330 https://scispace.com/papers/apathy-in-idiopathic-normal-pressure-hydrocephalus-a-marker-5es5uk4t6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-stride-time-variability-while-206mof0s.png FIGURE 1 Comparison of stride time variability while categorical verbal fluency (in %) between pre‐CSF (grey) and post‐CSF (black) tapping in all iNPH patients A,; in patients with B, and without C, apathy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gait-parameters-stride-time-variability-and-gait-2ux21nuy.png TABLE 3 Gait parameters (stride time variability) and gait changes (delta of stride time variability) before and after CSF tapping in patients with definite normal pressure hydrocephalus (n = 33) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparisons-of-cognitive-performances-between-cgcdny2h.png TABLE 2 Comparisons of cognitive performances between patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus with and without apathy (n = 33) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-patients-with-normal-oxbvu0ws.png TABLE 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (n = 33) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-correlation-between-changes-in-categorical-verbal-1vhbune4.png FIGURE 2 A, Correlation between changes in categorical verbal fluency and Starkstein apathy scale (r = 0.076; P‐value = .685) showing no significant correlation between improvement of categorical verbal fluency after CSF tap test and Starkstein apathy scale. B, Correlation between changes in phonemic verbal fluency and Starkstein apathy scale (r = 0.108; P‐value = .556) showing no significant correlation between improvement of phonemic verbal fluency after CSF tap test and Starkstein apathy scale. C, Correlation between changes in stride time variability (STV) while categorical verbal fluency (animal names) and Starkstein apathy scale (r = −0.412; P‐value = .021) show that patients with the highest score at the Starkstein apathy scale (ie, increase level of apathy) had a better improvement of their STV (is, higher decrease in STV) after CSF tap test than patients with lower level of apathy [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] https://scispace.com/papers/apparent-transducer-non-reciprocity-in-an-ultrasonic-flow-32fsqokriz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-differences-in-times-of-flight-due-to-non-2f7i8vsw.png Fig. 4. Measured differences in times of flight due to non-identical transducers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-received-pulses-from-a-simulated-flow-meter-10x2y2wz.png Fig. 3. The received pulses from a simulated flow meter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cut-away-of-a-transit-time-ultrasonic-flow-meter-1001d1k9.png Fig. 1. Cut away of a transit time ultrasonic flow meter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-spice-model-vq7zyflf.png Fig. 2. Schematic representation of the SPICE model. https://scispace.com/papers/apparent-reversal-of-molecular-orbitals-reveals-entanglement-jbgn9oolgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scheme-with-the-many-body-transitions-associated-to-305jd91w.png FIG. 3. Scheme with the many-body transitions associated to the measured resonances. The green-framed panel illustrates the transition between the neutral and the singly charged DCV5T− for DCV5T=NaCl=Cuð111Þ. The blue-framed panel shows the transitions involving DCV5T−, DCV5T2−, and DCV5T3− for DCV5T=NaCl=Cuð311Þ. The electronic structure associated to the different many-body states is given in the gray labels. In the insets, the many-body spectra of the molecule on the two corresponding substrates are plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-di-dv-spectra-top-panels-constant-current-stm-images-3gwzn134.png FIG. 2. dI=dV spectra (top panels), constant-current STM images (center panels), and dI=dV maps (bottom panels) on the individual molecule DCV5T on NaCl=Cuð111Þ (a) and NaCl=Cuð311Þ (b) respectively. The resonances are labeledwithS andAS, referring to the symmetic and antisymmetric states, respectively. dI=dV spectra were recorded on (black) and off (red) the center of the molecule as indicated by dots in the STM images. The spatial distribution of orbitals gives rise to the different intensities at different tip positions as depicted in the inset. To not miss any small dI=dV signals in the low-bias range, a corresponding spectrum (gray) was measured with the tip being≃2 Å closer to the surface compared to the other two (red and black). All spectra were slightly low-pass filtered. The images are resized to have the same size and scale, whereby the area of measured data is indicated with white dashed rectangles. Constant current images I ¼ 2.4 pA; bias voltage as indicated. Scale bar 1 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-molecular-structure-and-density-functional-theory-t0mbbx3g.png FIG. 1. (a) Molecular structure and density-functional theory based calculations of the electronic structure of 5T and DCV5T. The panel depicts the molecular structure, the calculated orbitals, and energies for the LUMO, LUMOþ 1, and LUMO þ 2 as indicated. The orbitals are depicted as contours of constant probability density. The LUMO and LUMO þ 1 orbitals derive from the thiophene subunit’s LUMO. They are the lowest two of a set of particle-in-a-box-like states and differ only by one additional nodal plane. Whereas the LUMO to LUMO þ 1 energy difference is approximately 0.7 eV for 5T, this difference is drastically reduced in the case of DCV5T. The basic principle of level engineering is illustrated for a one dimensional quantum box. (b) STM images of the first DCV5T electronic resonance for NaCl=Cuð111Þ (top) and NaCl=Cuð311Þ (bottom) as substrates. The inset shows a STM image at a voltage below the first molecular resonance scale bar 2 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-theoretical-simulations-of-di-dv-spectra-top-panels-2zugsfw2.png FIG. 4. Theoretical simulations of dI=dV spectra (top panels), constant-current STM images (center panels), and dI=dV maps (bottom panels) on the individual molecule DCV5T on NaCl= Cuð111Þ (left) and NaCl=Cuð311Þ (right), respectively. dI=dV spectrawere recorded on (black) and off (red) center of themolecule as indicated by dots in the constant-current STM images. https://scispace.com/papers/apparent-diffusion-in-nucleus-pulposus-is-associated-with-eql4nau6v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-adc-values-before-and-after-intervention-for-2uuh22ex.png Figure 4. Mean ADC values before and after intervention, for the 9 ROIs (#1 to #9) at the 5 anatomical levels (L1-L2 to L5-S1). The color code denotes the importance of ADC values, with cold colors (blue, cyan) for low values and warm colors (red, brown) for high values. Anterior (ant.), middle (mid.) and posterior (post.) portions of the IVDs along the sagittal medial (M, ROIs #2, #5, and #8), parasagittal left (L, ROIs #1, #4, and #7) and right planes (R, ROIs #3, #6, and #9). Values before the intervention are represented by the circles in the foreground and the ones after the intervention in the background. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-one-way-rm-anova-results-for-pain-and-trunk-mobility-1fxnd8ge.png Table 3. One-way RM ANOVA results for pain and trunk mobility and two-way RM ANOVA results for ADC (treatment factor). VAS: visual analogue scale; OAS: oral analogue scale; TF: trunk flexion; TE: trunk extension; TLFl: lateral flexion left; TLFr: lateral flexion right; ADCall: mean of ADCant, ADCmid, and ADCpost; ADCant: mean of anterior ROIs; ADCmid: mean of middle ROIs; ADCpost: mean of posterior ROIs; significant values are in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-19f-magnetic-resonance-to-study-the-efficacy-269zfk4s5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1qxhi8l0.png Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1dxslnoj.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-uptake-of-emulsions-in-cell-cultures-linearity-and-1mnycuk9.png Table 2. Uptake of emulsions in cell cultures – linearity and regression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3d-cell-cultures-characterization-1b1gwvot.png Table 1. 3D cell cultures characterization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-h89o5xz9.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2q6jrokx.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-numbers-of-mcf-7-cells-detected-with-trypan-blue-3nsnzfic.png Table 3. The numbers of MCF-7 cells detected with Trypan blue (1) and 19 F MRI (2). The values are mean for three types of fluorine emulsions: Herceptin/PFCE (H8–H14) (a), Herceptin/PFCE/Lipoplex (H15–H21) (b) and Herceptin/PFCE/HydraLink (H22–H28) (c). All numbers of cells are cells ×10 8 . Each measurement was repeated three treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2wtpsvsu.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/application-level-simulation-modelling-of-large-grids-4m1nxokhos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-completion-time-of-the-task-for-all-strategies-in-1kfzwviw.png Figure 2. Completion time of the task, for all strategies in various settings and number of tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-of-eft-a-and-bthr-b-with-respect-to-and-2mw89lfn.png Figure 4. Performance of EFT (a) and BTHR (b) with respect to and number of tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-slave-usage-throughout-the-experiment-in-fig-2-a-2lueak21.png Figure 3. Slave usage throughout the experiment in Fig. 2(a) https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-a-multiple-attribute-group-decision-making-wlhyo94z9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-23-normalised-decision-matrix-when-criteria-values-are-x7i5cqyt.png Table 23: Normalised Decision Matrix when Criteria Values are changed https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-weighted-normalized-decision-matrix-bj7j2x81.png Table 16: Weighted Normalized Decision Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-results-of-fuzzy-topsis-analysis-2zg8xp7b.png Table 20: Results of Fuzzy TOPSIS Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-representation-of-fpirp-and-fnirp-values-1m2e8674.png Table 17: Representation of FPIRP and FNIRP Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-cc-results-and-ranking-order-of-the-maintenance-17o8jo7v.png Table 19: CC Results and Ranking Order of the Maintenance Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-distance-of-each-alternative-to-the-fpirp-and-fnirp-35nkkqlb.png Table 18: Distance of each Alternative to the FPIRP and FNIRP https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-conditions-for-changing-input-values-by-percentages-z4aoiyhu.png Table 21: Conditions for Changing Input Values by Percentages https://scispace.com/figures/table-24-weighted-normalised-decision-matrix-when-criteria-1z3oyftp.png Table 24: Weighted Normalised Decision Matrix when Criteria Values are changed https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-a-numerical-simulation-to-improve-the-1ka3zo78y5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-two-inlet-two-outlet-microfluidic-channel-b-three-tugrn0hj.png Fig. 3(a) Two-inlet, two-outlet microfluidic channel. (b) Three-inlet, three-outlet microfluidic channel. The channel branches are not involved in the calculation region and only the portion where the flow runs in parallel is considered. The authors assume that this area is a rectangular channel flow. (c) The flow velocity distribution in a cross section of the rectangular channel is shown as an example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sperm-motion-is-modeled-as-a-sinusoidal-wave-the-39t7ygbn.png Fig. 2(a) Sperm motion is modeled as a sinusoidal wave. The amplitude is denoted by A and the progressive length is denoted by LX. (b) The tracking of a sample sperm motion is plotted on the graph. When an axis obtained by the least squares method is specified as the X-axis, the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the Y-coordinate is defined as twice the amplitude A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-a-conventional-two-inlet-two-outlet-32n0kref.png Fig. 6 Comparison of a conventional two-inlet, two-outlet microfluidic channel and a three-inlet, three-outlet microfluidic channel, in which the A-channel is in the center. (a) Average flow velocity um in the channel (or time t required for complete flow) versus number NB of sperms arriving at the B-channel. (b) Ratio NBG/NB of number of rapid motile sperms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-separation-efficiency-is-shown-when-wa-w-width-of-3jccmq75.png Fig. 5 The separation efficiency is shown when WA/W (width of A-channel against channel width) is changed. (WA/W = 1/2, 1/5, 1/10, and 1/50). (a) Average flow velocity um in the channel (or time t required for complete flow) versus number NB of sperms arriving at B-channel. (b) Ratio NBG/NB of number of rapid motile sperms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-separation-efficiency-is-shown-when-wa-w-is-set-to-1zwnpwr8.png Fig. 4 The separation efficiency is shown when WA/W is set to 0.25 and the microchannel height H is changed. (H = 500, 1000, and 2000 µm). (a) Number NB of sperms arriving at the B-channel versus average flow velocity um in the channel. (b) Ratio NBG/NB of the number of rapid motile sperms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-a-sperm-sorter-5-when-a-fluid-i9siff0p.png Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of a sperm sorter [5]. When a fluid containing sperms is made to flow from inlet a, nonmotile sperms and cells reach outlet c along the stream. On the other hand, some motile sperms pass through the interface to reach a different outlet, d. Therefore, only motile sperms will exit from outlet d. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-an-experimental-design-to-study-aisi-4340-and-5fhltd9qzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-measured-and-calculated-values-for-the-confirmation-2sjp8nyw.png Table 7.Measured and calculated values for the confirmation experiments for AISI 4340 and 300M steels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-surface-responses-a-dissolved-thickness-b-ra-for-2nbdujzn.png Figure 1. Surface responses: (a) dissolved thickness, (b)Ra for AISI 4340 Steel- withX3=+1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-max-of-aisi-4340-and-300m-steel-sheets-1ae5r0xe.png Table 1.Composition (max) of AISI 4340 and 300M steel sheets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-compromise-domain-fulfilling-the-requirements-for-33sdqv9i.png Table 8.Compromise domain fulfilling the requirements for AISI 4340 and 300M steels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-surface-responses-a-dissolved-thickness-b-ra-for-24tjxc8u.png Figure 2. Surface responses: (a) dissolved thickness, (b)Ra for 300MSteel- with X3=+1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-and-aliases-2jw79qfr.png Table 3.Effects and aliases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-2d-and-3dmicrographies-300msteel-19bnib82.png Figure 3.Typical 2D and 3Dmicrographies−300MSteel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-values-and-statistical-analysis-of-the-effects-for-emuf5svx.png Table 6.Values and statistical analysis of the effects for AISI 4230 and 300M steels. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-an-iterative-framework-for-real-time-railway-q5hz4lrsfb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-iterative-behaviour-of-the-crew-first-variant-see-h7rwetip.png Table 7: Iterative behaviour of the Crew First Variant. See Table 5 for a description of the columns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-computation-times-for-complete-blockages-in-the-2vrja2z3.png Figure 7: Computation times for complete blockages in the Crew First Variant. Here R abbreviates the regional train services and L the long distance train services. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-penalties-crew-rescheduling-approach-31npt46a.png Table 3: Penalties crew rescheduling approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-total-computation-time-distribution-for-the-2nm6q7iw.png Figure 12: Total computation time distribution for the General Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-average-computation-times-the-first-column-denotes-1vwe5zjw.png Table 9: Average computation times: the first column denotes whether instances with a complete or partial blockage are solved and whether the redundant rolling stock step is performed or not. The second column denotes for which part of the framework we present the results (RSR L, RSR R, or the total framework). The third, fourth, and fifth column denote the average computation time required to solve the instances for different variants of the framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-computation-times-for-partial-blockages-in-the-crew-1tsditio.png Figure 8: Computation times for partial blockages in the Crew First Variant. Here R abbreviates the regional train services and L the long distance train services. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-penalties-rolling-stock-rescheduling-approach-3v7e6shm.png Table 2: Penalties rolling stock rescheduling approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graph-of-the-railway-network-taken-into-account-qtxlef6w.png Figure 3: Graph of the railway network taken into account when rescheduling the timetable. Rectangles are the nodes and correspond to stations or important junctions. For each station, the number of tracks within the station is specified. Numbers at the edges indicate how many tracks connect two stations. The dashed edges represent the locations of the disruptions. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-the-inter-locking-network-model-to-mega-city-580s5hc7xp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inter-city-links-fswst2zw.png Figure 2 Inter-city links https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-b-shows-the-highest-15-links-that-do-not-include-the-3nutyrh6.png Table 4 (b) shows the highest 15 links that do not include the First City. There is one remarkable feature of this list: the majority, nine, of the links are from just one MCR, RhineRuhr. This is undoubtedly an indication of the polycentricity of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-intra-firm-links-2pp19i9e.png Figure 1 Intra-firm links https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shows-the-numbers-of-firms-and-cities-studied-in-4wffyy1h.png Table 3 shows the numbers of firms and cities studied in each MCR. Each regional team selected the urban centres that they thought were important to an understanding of the operation of their city region – it is these cities that are the focus of the research. Again this relied upon local knowledge. The full list of regional cities selected by each team is shown in the appendix. These cities were used to define city-regional servicing strategies by firms and the regional https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-multiple-ir-projector-technologies-for-amcom-1j1yyqtotw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-irzp-sample-imagery-figure-8-irzp-sample-imagery-26cjhwcg.png Figure 7 – IRZP Sample Imagery Figure 8 – IRZP Sample Imagery https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-laser-detector-mapping-3lm22qwk.png Figure 9 – Laser/Detector Mapping https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-ldap-performance-parameters-w1ivrfzq.png Table 1 – Summary of LDAP Performance Parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-laser-array-performance-parameters-2dkp9j4c.png Table 4 – Summary of Laser Array Performance Parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-irzp-performance-parameters-1yl1g0f1.png Table 3 – Summary of IRZP Performance Parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mm-ir-laser-projector-10er0tqn.png Figure 10 – MM/IR Laser Projector https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-steerable-point-source-performance-fhvuvhl2.png Table 5 – Summary of Steerable Point Source Performance Parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-brite-performance-parameters-6xxi7upb.png Table 2 – Summary of BRITE Performance Parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-the-pca-to-guided-ultrasonic-waves-to-lkkj07wd0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-q-t2-relationship-for-delayed-versions-of-the-2cyzu2tw.png Figure 4: Q-T2 relationship for delayed versions of the nominal guided wave a) in steps of 0.4% of increasing (V1+ to V9+), b) in steps of 1% of decreasing (V1- to V9-). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-q-t2-relationship-for-scaled-versions-of-the-27zez8pp.png Figure 3: Q-T2 relationship for scaled versions of the nominal guided wave a) in steps of gains of 1%, b) in steps of attenuation of 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-scheme-based-on-pca-for-detecting-and-3swh1oxq.png Figure 1: General scheme based on PCA for detecting and distinguishing stress in structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-results-of-guided-waves-under-3bd7bdbv.png Figure 2: Experimental results of guided waves under different stress scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-indices-q-t2-for-different-stress-scenarios-16apl0ru.png Figure 5: Indices Q-T2 for different stress scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-urref-criteria-to-assess-knowledge-b0dbuw5w39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-assessment-input-2h3a9in2.png TABLE III ASSESSMENT INPUT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simple-bayesian-network-b5qqtasb.png Fig. 1. Simple Bayesian Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cpt-values-without-domain-expertise-2yjklchd.png TABLE I CPT VALUES WITHOUT DOMAIN EXPERTISE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-small-excerpt-of-the-bayesian-network-2vjbmemj.png Fig. 4. Small excerpt of the Bayesian Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-uncertainty-estimation-model-expressiveness-21y6kj9a.png TABLE V UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION: MODEL EXPRESSIVENESS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-cpt-values-with-domain-expertise-1qw4g38f.png TABLE II CPT VALUES WITH DOMAIN EXPERTISE https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-uncertainty-estimation-ergonomic-complexity-and-3n4zwlbm.png TABLE IV UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION: ERGONOMIC COMPLEXITY AND ERGONOMIC SIMPLICITY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-level-representation-of-the-holistic-model-1ahpf262.png Fig. 2. High Level representation of the holistic model https://scispace.com/papers/application-of-titanates-niobates-and-tantalates-to-2leebiw8l5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-formulation-and-firing-data-for-sodium-titanate-3021zns3.png TABLE II FORMULATION AND FIRING DATA FOR SODIUM TITANATE PELLETS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-stfontiun-exchange-capacity-of-sodium-titanate-18cbfbul.png TABLE IV STFONTIUN EXCHANGE,CAPACITY OF SODIUM TITANATE PELLE~S https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-crush-tests-applied-to-norton-pellet-1r6qx2vy.png Table 4 Results of Crush Tests Applied to Norton Pellet Samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sodium-titanate-pellet-norton-co-samples-evaluated-rszm8464.png Table 3 Sodium Titanate Pellet (Norton Co.) Samples Evaluated at Sandia https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydraulic-properties-of-a-st-loaded-resin-ion-xfpg78op.png TABLE 2 Hydraulic Properties of a ST-loaded Resin Ion Exchange Column https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-proposed-specification-for-1-16-pellets-containing-2mt3zlrx.png TABLE I PROPOSED SPECIFICATION FOR 1/16" PELLETS CONTAINING 70% SODIUM TITANA'l'E https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-sr-distribu-lion-coefficients-on-powderf-d-sodium-kzclx83w.png FIG. 19 Sr DISTRIBU liON COEFFICIENTS ON POWDERF.:D SODIUM TITANATE PELLET SAMPLES* 1 IIOUR https://scispace.com/papers/application-requirements-for-wind-turbine-gearboxes-1hfza8l0lf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-21-zerol-r-hand-xsasuciu.png Fig 3-21 Zerol® Hand , "'- ' ' ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-49-tooth-pitch-32386q7n.png Fig 3-49 Tooth Pitch https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-84-undercut-17z6q35c.png Fig 3-84 Undercut https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-62-cone-distance-q5wbb383.png Fig 3-62 Cone Distance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-85-back-cone-equivalent-1t5w1q5n.png Fig 3-85 Back Cone Equivalent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-7-crossed-helical-gears-2rhem0aw.png Fig 3-7 Crossed Helical Gears https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-70-helix-angle-relationships-1v59q4mu.png Fig 3-70 Helix Angle Relationships https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-17-face-gears-ycst7gc4.png Fig 3-17 Face Gears https://scispace.com/papers/application-specific-instruction-set-processors-for-video-17ez471y52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-parallel-processing-for-tile-pixels-geared-towards-3s00hmni.png Figure 4: Parallel processing for tile pixels geared towards FPGA implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simplified-xilinx-virtex-6-fpga-clb-19-3nhgri4b.png Figure 3: Simplified Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA CLB [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-typical-fpga-architecture-1v6adc3s.png Figure 2: A typical FPGA architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dataflow-graph-of-an-image-processing-application-obauu1xd.png Figure 1: Dataflow graph of an image processing application for Gaussian filtering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-typical-gpu-architecture-3nlxmv0z.png Figure 5: A typical GPU architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-runtime-for-2-different-gaussian-filter-ib87fu7x.png Table 1: Runtime for 2 different Gaussian filter implementations. https://scispace.com/papers/appropriate-indicators-of-rail-freight-activity-and-market-32ed6wlss5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-alternative-forms-of-measurement-of-rail-freight-2v8g0uj6.png Table 5: Alternative forms of measurement of rail freight activity introduced by the Strategic Rail Authority (SRA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-claimed-negative-consequences-of-british-government-2xtio2fr.png Table 1: Claimed negative consequences of British government targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-indicators-for-typical-coal-and-1i1pq382.png Table 4: Comparison of indicators for typical coal and intermodal freight trains between Scotland and the English Midlands https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-loaded-rail-freight-services-by-q88ftwj9.png Figure 3: Percentage of loaded rail freight services by service type, 1997–2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-british-rail-freight-forecasts-2014-millions-of-2rlvbo1b.png Table 3: British rail freight forecasts: 2014 (millions of tonnes lifted) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-freight-moved-by-rail-in-great-britain-billion-2lnsfapm.png Figure 2: Freight moved by rail in Great Britain (billion tonne kilometres) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-british-rail-freight-growth-forecasts-2000-2010-q27gg6qg.png Table 2: British rail freight growth forecasts (2000 – 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-market-share-for-domestic-freight-transport-in-3e9mkw5p.png Figure 1: Market share for domestic freight transport in Great Britain (% of tonne kilometres) https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-bayesian-computation-of-transcriptional-pausing-t1hn8iih01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinetic-model-variants-and-parameters-a-the-four-2ym62n0c.png Fig 2. Kinetic model variants and parameters. A: The four translocation transition state models. Four possible transition states between the backtracked S(l,−1) and pretranslocated S(l, 0) states are displayed. A transition state can comprise of hybrid (gene) basepairs that are the union or the intersection of the hybrid: HU and HI respectively (gene: GU and GI respectively). B: The transcription bubble is described by three parameters. In this example β1 = 2, h = 10, β2 = 3. C: Gibbs energy landscape of translocation with the energies of translocation states S (solid lines) and translocation transition states T (dashed lines) shown. The displayed energies are sequence-independent in this diagram: the energies from nucleic acid thermodynamic parameters would be added onto these values in the final calculations. Figure corresponds to model {IS = 0,GT = 0,BT = 1,HT = 1}. D: State diagrams showing the relationship between GT and BT, where IS = 0. Dashed line arrows refer to translocation steps that are augmented by ∆G‡τ−. E: RNA secondary structures can act as blockades (RB = 1) and prohibit translocation. The effect of λb = 8 nt is shown for the first 75 nucleotides of the rpoB gene. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-parameters-used-in-the-kinetic-model-1m5kmkmp.png Table 1. Summary of parameters used in the kinetic model. Parameter Units Prior Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-critical-parameters-and-model-settings-on-1v7rf0g5.png Table 2. Effects of critical parameters and model settings on AUC. https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-adder-segmentation-technique-and-significance-30z8gr3ai6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-gaussian-blur-image-filter-test-j9qr4mkw.png Fig. 8: Gaussian blur Image Filter Test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-aca-vs-proposed-design-in-the-case-of-32-bit-adder-a-2i7yeeca.png Fig. 6: ACA vs proposed design in the case of 32-bit adder: (a) delay, (b) dynamic power, (c) leakage power, (d) area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-probability-distribution-of-reds-in-32-bit-3ve9hest.png Fig. 7: The probability distribution of REDs in 32-bit proposed adder: (a) no correction stages, (b) one stage, (c) two stages, (d) three stages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-aca-vs-proposed-design-when-increasing-the-size-of-the-2twyumbd.png Fig. 9: ACA vs proposed design when increasing the size of the adder: (a) delay, (b) dynamic power, (c) leakage power, (d) area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-segmentation-technique-using-carry-kill-bit-2ifs8aoj.png Fig. 1: Proposed segmentation technique using carry kill bit locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-carry-in-prediction-technique-for-each-sub-ocd9smhb.png Fig. 2: Proposed Carry-in prediction technique for each sub-adder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-proposed-error-detection-technique-augmented-with-each-bytrev94.png Fig. 4: Proposed error detection technique augmented with each carry-in prediction circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-significance-driven-fast-convergence-structure-of-2bbhkcgy.png Fig. 5: Significance-driven fast convergence structure of multi error correction stages. https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-inference-in-hidden-markov-models-using-3el9mpaycn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-8psk-transmission-into-a-five-tap-uniform-delay-1upnh6bf.png Fig. 3. 8PSK transmission into a five-tap uniform delay profile channel with serial equalization and channel decoding. EP-MBCJR scheme is withM = 16. (a) Average active states difference in the forward recursion. (b) Effect of the threshold on the uncoded BER. (c) Effect on the coded BER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-3n9opckp.png Fig. 1. System model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-8psk-transmission-into-a-five-tap-uniform-delay-31s1pnvq.png Fig. 2. 8PSK transmission into a five-tap uniform delay profile channel with five turbo equalization iterations. https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-string-matching-a-simpler-faster-algorithm-hinmkd6hgk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-windows-which-are-marked-for-x-filled-circles-indicate-9pvttwbs.png Fig. 2. Windows which are marked for x. Filled circles indicate marks. Each instance of the pattern shown has x matching exactly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-locked-intervals-29vz3l2q.png Fig. 6. Locked intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-finding-the-bottommost-point-on-a-0-j-with-shortest-2b9vtral.png Fig. 3. Finding the bottommost point on A[0 + ∗, j + ∗] with shortest path value l + 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-k-break-periodic-string-thick-regions-correspond-to-38jzxal3.png Fig. 1. A k-break periodic string. Thick regions correspond to aperiodic substrings of length k2. u, v, w are all at most k2/2 in length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-interval-j7nfq8zs.png Fig. 4. An interval. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-placement-of-a-portion-of-the-pattern-in-the-second-1y226jb9.png Fig. 5. Placement of a portion of the pattern in the second category. https://scispace.com/papers/approximate-riemann-solvers-and-robust-high-order-finite-43rvx0kg3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-percentage-errors-for-the-total-energy-in-2l43t7ow.png Table 1: Relative percentage errors for the total energy in L1 at time t=0.5 and the order of convergence for the Brio-Wu shock tube for various mesh sizes M using the H5W scheme with 3200 grid points as a reference solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pressure-for-super-fast-expansion-test-with-h3-cq71f6zq.png Figure 2: The pressure for super-fast expansion test with H3,H3E and H3W solvers for 200 mesh points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pressure-for-the-orszag-tang-vortex-on-a-200x200-6err9453.png Figure 5: Pressure for the Orszag-Tang vortex on a 200×200 mesh at time t=1 scaled to the extrema of the pressure in the reference solution. (a) H3; (b) H5; (c) H3E; (d) H5E; (e) H3W; (f) H5W. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-this-figure-shows-the-computed-pressure-for-the-909ue3ed.png Figure 6: This figure shows the computed pressure for the Orszag-Tang vortex using the H5W scheme on a 4000×4000 mesh at time t=π. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-l1-norm-of-the-discrete-divergence-at-time-t-0-dtd1kx3h.png Table 3: The L1-norm of the discrete divergence at time t=0.295 for the rotor problem for various mesh sizes M. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-energy-distribution-for-the-cloud-shock-interaction-2ja05mis.png Figure 7: Energy distribution for the cloud-shock interaction on a 1600×1600 mesh at time t= 0.06. (a) H3; (b) H5; (c) H3E; (d) H5E; (e) H3W; (f) H5W. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-density-log-r-for-the-isothermal-blast-wave-at-time-3ue2qn4e.png Figure 8: Density (log(ρ)) for the Isothermal blast wave at time t = 0.09 on a 4002 mesh. Left Column: First-order. Right Column: Second-order WENO. Top row: Zero Godunov-Powell source. Middle row: Central Godunov-Powell source. Bottom row: Upwind Godunov-Powell source. All figures except middle row, right column use the same scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-this-figure-shows-the-pressure-for-the-rotor-53eo0kez.png Figure 4: This figure shows the pressure for the rotor problem on a 4000×4000 mesh at time t=0.295 using the H5W scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/approximation-based-feature-selection-and-application-for-x143d4uuzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-p-values-for-each-classifier-for-the-fs-methods-1hg1dft1.png Table 3: P-values for each classifier for the FS methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-unreduced-reduced-and-relief-reduced-rmses-and-w4kdvxue.png Figure 10: Unreduced, reduced and Relief-reduced RMSEs and MAEs for species 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-unreduced-reduced-and-relief-reduced-rmses-and-1hseksts.png Figure 11: Unreduced, reduced and Relief-reduced RMSEs and MAEs for species 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-unreduced-reduced-and-relief-reduced-rmses-and-9t5hvhwo.png Figure 12: Unreduced, reduced and Relief-reduced RMSEs and MAEs for species 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modular-decomposition-of-the-implemented-system-19svtsg5.png Figure 2: Modular decomposition of the implemented system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-unreduced-and-reduced-data-rmses-and-maes-with-bpnn-i53eaj4i.png Figure 5: Unreduced and reduced data RMSEs and MAEs with BPNN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-unreduced-and-reduced-data-rmses-and-maes-with-pace-3bc7lnax.png Figure 6: Unreduced and reduced data RMSEs and MAEs with Pace https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-unreduced-reduced-and-relief-reduced-rmses-and-2agfbreh.png Figure 14: Unreduced, reduced and Relief-reduced RMSEs and MAEs for species 6 https://scispace.com/papers/approximation-by-planar-elastic-curves-58fxn283rd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-elastica-for-different-values-of-k-the-curves-are-21ivsjcr.png Fig. 2 Elastica for different values of k. The curves are scaled to a uniform “height” https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-first-column-refers-to-the-examples-in-fig-7-the-n4cnnp8h.png Table 1 The first column refers to the examples in Fig. 7, the next three report the residuals R1, R2, and R3, in the approximation process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-parabola-8-to-the-left-in-the-case-of-an-elastica-2k5mcmmz.png Fig. 5 The parabola (8). To the left in the case of an elastica with inflection points, to the right without. The blue and red part corresponds to points with negative and positive curvature, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-solid-cyan-curve-is-the-best-approximating-2c692mpp.png Fig. 8 The solid cyan curve is the best approximating elastica having the same endpoints as the original curve (blue). The green curve is the output curve with free endpoints, as in Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-if-the-given-curve-moves-outside-the-interval-umin-zpxyvvjz.png Fig. 6 If the given curve moves outside the interval [umin, umax] (dotted segment), it is simply cut off in these regions. The resulting elastica is shown in green. On the left all oscillations of the input curve are counted, on the right the two very small ones are ignored https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-segment-of-an-elastica-in-the-plane-showing-ph-th-21ezm4rb.png Fig. 3 A segment of an elastica in the plane, showing φ, θ , the u-axis and the angle θu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-blue-curve-is-to-be-approximated-by-an-elastica-3a6slvh0.png Fig. 1 The blue curve is to be approximated by an elastica segment. The green curves show the result of IPOPT optimization with different initial guesses. In the third case the optimization terminated before an extremum was reached https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-inflectional-elastica-have-points-where-sin-thu-1-1dxwq26d.png Fig. 4 The inflectional elastica have points where sin θu = 1, but not−1. For the non-inflectional elastica sin θu takes both the values ±1 https://scispace.com/papers/approximating-max-sat-by-moderately-exponential-and-mgjgjuxx2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-algorithm-6-3pig5keh.png Fig. 4. Illustration of Algorithm 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-running-times-for-the-algorithm-of-10-and-algorithm-1q44b2fh.png Table 1 Running times for the algorithm of [10] and Algorithm 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-division-of-clauses-according-to-a-subset-xi-of-361a9gjz.png Fig. 5. Division of clauses according to a subset Xi of variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evaluation-of-complexities-for-different-methods-2mqufmw4.png Fig. 1. Evaluation of complexities for different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-the-algorithm-of-20-for-max-2-sat-179m0pi2.png Fig. 2. Comparison between the algorithm of [20] for max-2-sat (upper curve), the algorithms for max sat (intermediate curve) and max-2-sat (lower curve) that will be given in Section 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-forming-the-q-subsets-of-clauses-2upmws2v.png Fig. 3. Forming the q subsets of clauses. https://scispace.com/papers/approximation-metrics-for-discrete-and-continuous-systems-361v5oqg11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reachable-sets-of-the-original-hundred-dimensional-1whsvo0w.png Fig. 1. Reachable sets of the original hundred dimensional system (left) and of its six-dimensional and ten-dimensional approximations (center and right). The circle on the left figure and the inner circle on the others represent the unsafe set . The outer circle on the center and right figure consists of the set of points whose distance to is smaller than the upper bound of the bisimulation metric. https://scispace.com/papers/approximations-to-wire-grid-inductance-18cjpcl6xj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-error-between-sheet-inductance-computed-104j5xx1.png Figure 2. Relative error between sheet inductance computed with multipole moments and fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multipole-moment-calculations-for-sheet-transfer-2frev5ss.png Figure 1. Multipole moment calculations for sheet transfer inductance. Numbers labeling the curves indicate how many line multipole moments were included. The dashed black curve is a fit consisting of the product of the filament solution (zero multipole moment) times the decay found from bipolar coordinates. The dotted curve is the smoothed conformal mapping solution. The thin wire approximation is shown as the dot-dash curve. https://scispace.com/papers/aquaculture-performance-comparison-of-sunshine-bass-palmetto-2zinv49jaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-values-for-mean-daily-growth-and-feed-conversion-3vbl36bi.png TABLE 7.—Values for mean daily growth and feed conversion ratio in the phase II and phase III feeding trials of sunshine bass, palmetto bass, and white bass and values found in the literature, as well as additional variables known to influence production. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-6ses-and-ranges-in-parentheses-for-water-6ulfjx8j.png TABLE 1.—Means (6SEs) and ranges (in parentheses) for water quality variables measured in an indoor recirculatingwater system during feeding trials of phase II and phase III sunshine bass, palmetto bass, and white bass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-weights-at-2-week-intervals-of-phase-ii-32gb64tl.png FIGURE 1.—Mean weights at 2-week intervals of phase II sunshine bass, palmetto bass, and white bass reared in an indoor recirculating-water system. Values are means (6SEs) of 10 replications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-phase-ii-sunshine-bass-palmetto-bass-3q2k26f1.png TABLE 2.—Performance of phase II sunshine bass, palmetto bass, and white bass reared in an indoor recirculatingwater system. Values are means (6SEs) of 10 replications. Row means without a letter in common are significantly different (P , 0.05). See Methods for definitions of variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proximate-analyses-of-muscle-tissue-wet-weight-basis-19hzaqae.png TABLE 3.—Proximate analyses of muscle tissue (wet weight basis) of phase II sunshine bass, palmetto bass, and white bass reared in an indoor recirculating-water system. Values are means (6SEs) of 10 replications. Row means without a letter in common are significantly different (P , 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-weights-at-2-week-intervals-of-phase-iii-3b5wded9.png FIGURE 2.—Mean weights at 2-week intervals of phase III sunshine bass, palmetto bass, and white bass reared in an indoor recirculating-water system. Values are means (6SEs)of two replications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-of-phase-iii-sunshine-bass-palmetto-bass-jcan0j72.png TABLE 4.—Performance of phase III sunshine bass, palmetto bass, and white bass reared in an indoor recirculatingwater system. Values are means (6SEs) of two replications. Row means without a letter in common are significantly different (P , 0.05). See Methods for definitions of variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-gonadosomatic-index-of-phase-iii-male-and-female-3othkv1k.png TABLE 5.—Gonadosomatic index of phase III male and female sunshine bass, palmetto bass, and white bass reared in an indoor recirculating-water system. Values are means (6SEs) of two replications. Row means without a letter in common are significantly different (P , 0.05). Within taxonomic group, t-tests did not yield significant differences (P . 0.05) for gonadosomatic index between males and females. https://scispace.com/papers/arabidopsis-ribosomal-proteins-rpl23aa-and-rpl23ab-are-3h4s9axbym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-non-allelic-non-complementation-phenomenon-between-1cept6br.png Fig. 3 The non-allelic non-complementation phenomenon between rpl23aa and rpl23ab. 9-day-old plants of (a) rpl23aa × Col-0 (F1 generation), (b) rpl23aa × rpl23ab (F1 generation). Dissected mature siliques from (c) Col-0, (d) rpl23aa, (e) rpl23ab, (f) rpl23aa × Col (F1 generation), (g) rpl23aa × rpl23ab (F1 generation), (h) rpl23ab × rpl23aa (F1 generation). (i) The length of mature silique from rpl23ab, rpl23aa, and the double heterozygote (double het). Arrowheads indicate aborted embryos. Size bar, 5 mm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genetic-interactions-between-rpl23aa-and-rpl23ab-3vjtow5n.png Table 1 Genetic interactions between rpl23aa and rpl23ab https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-promoter-gus-reporter-analysis-of-rpl23aa-and-rpl23ab-20fatxc4.png Fig. 4 Promoter-GUS reporter analysis of RPL23aA and RPL23aB. a, b, c Seedling. d, e, f Inflorescences. g, h, i Immature and j, k, l mature flowers. m, n, o Immature and p, q, r mature siliques. Pictures were taken at 8 days a-c and 36 days d-r. Size bar, 5 mm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phenotypes-of-representative-17-day-old-plants-upper-o8r3ajyd.png Fig. 5 Phenotypes of representative 17-day-old plants. Upper left:rpl23aa; upper right: pRPL23aA::RPL23aA/rpl23aa; lower left: pRPL23aA::RPL23aB/ rpl23aa; lower right: pRPL23aB::RPL23aB/rpl23aa; central: Col-0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plant-phenotypes-14-day-old-plants-of-a-col-0-b-1nct1i28.png Fig. 2 Plant phenotypes. 14-day-old plants of (a) Col-0, (b) rpl23aa, (c) pRPL23aA::RPL23aA-HA/rpl23aa, (d) rpl23ab. rpl23aa exhibits pleiotropic defects, including pointed leaves, retarded root growth, and reduced plant size; pRPL23aA::RPL23aA-HA fully rescued the morphological defects of rpl23aa; rpl23ab had no observable phenotype. Size bar, 2 mm https://scispace.com/papers/archaeoacoustic-research-in-the-ancient-castle-of-3vg85kj2ac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-above-the-aquarian-h2a-xlr-hydrophone-below-two-3iyl95sj.png Figure 4. Above: The Aquarian H2a-XLR Hydrophone. Below: Two microphones Hydrophones were placed in the main well of Gropparello castle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectran-nf-3010-from-the-german-factory-aaronia-ag-3em7b6kq.png Figure 5. Spectran NF-3010 from the German factory Aaronia AG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-geobox-sr04s3-right-the-device-connected-with-1r2f60qj.png Figure 6. Left: GeoBox SR04S3. Right: the device connected with the computer at work for investigating vibrations in the basement of the castle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gropparello-castle-nowadays-skcfxf6p.png Figure 1. Gropparello Castle nowadays https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-set-up-used-for-recording-sounds-the-recorder-uiqgvu5k.png Figure 3. The set-up used for recording sounds: the recorder Tascam DR680 and microphones Sennheiser MKH 8020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-soldiers-inside-the-castle-in-the-second-world-war-2ayr0d6k.png Figure 2. Soldiers inside the castle in the Second World War (source: 8 agosto 1944, Gropparelloliberata) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-courtyard-of-the-castle-with-a-strong-spiral-374vdzle.png Figure 12. The courtyard of the castle with a strong spiral magnetic field just in the centre visible thanks to the use of PIV software in UV Imaging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-spread-of-vibrations-in-the-main-room-of-the-2sfpr98b.png Figure 11. The spread of vibrations in the main room of the castle. https://scispace.com/papers/arbitrary-spatial-mode-sorting-in-a-multimode-fiber-1mvh0m2lg5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-spatial-phase-component-of-25-input-modes-1ypia2io.png Figure 5. a Spatial phase component of 25 input modes selected kiwithin the Fourier basis. b Spatial phase component of 25 input modes with azimutal number `j P rr´12; 12ss selected in the LG basis. c, Spatial amplitude and phase components of 25 input modes Ri selected in the random basis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-spatial-phase-components-of-two-input-modes-k1-uwsm9rrc.png Figure 2. a, Spatial phase components of two input modes k1 and k2 of the Fourier basis. b, Phase mask programmed on the SLM to implement a two-dimensional mode sorter k1 Ñ r1 and k2 Ñ r2 in the MMF. c,d and e, Intensity images measured for input mode k1, input mode k2 and a linear combination of them 1{2pk1`k2q, respectively. Light is focused in two different camera positions denoted r1 and r2. f, Crosstalk matrix of the programmed mode sorter showing a sorting ability of 97.5p1q%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-simulated-average-sorting-ability-values-for-3cw77lro.png Figure 6. The simulated average sorting ability values for random basis mode sorting are shown as a function of the number of modes d using a different number of active macropixels on the SLM. From top to bottom: the curve associated with N “ 1024 returns a coefficient of A “ 0.002, N “ 768 returns a coefficient of A “ 0.004, N “ 512 returns a coefficient of A “ 0.008, N “ 256 returns a coefficient of A “ 0.03 and N “ 150 returns a coefficient of A “ 0.06. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-and-c-experimental-results-of-mode-sorting-in-gl4ldp1z.png Figure 3. a,b and c, Experimental results of mode sorting in the Fourier basis ki (i P rr1; 25ss) with d “ 5, d “ 10 and d “ 25 modes. Average sorting ability are 93p3q%, 70p9q% and 25p10q%, respectively. Inset images show the corresponding phase masks programmed on the SLM. d,e and f, Experimental results of sorting Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes with radial number p “ 0 and azimutal number ` P rr´12; 12ss using d “ 5, d “ 10 and d “ 25 modes. Average sorting ability are 82p3q%, 56p7q% and 15p6q%, respectively. Insets show the SLM phase masks programmed in each case. g,h and i, Results of mode sorting in a random basis Ri (i P rr1; 25ss) obtained by simulating light propagating through the MMF with an experimentally measured TM for d “ 5, d “ 10 and d “ 25 modes. Average sorting ability are 97p3q%, 83p6q% and 45p17q%, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/archaeomagnetic-study-of-a-limekiln-in-the-les-ferreres-qz3gdrda50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-sampled-kiln-long-1-24deg-e-lat-41-2jme9917.png Fig. 1 Location of the sampled kiln (long., 1.24° E; lat., 41.15° N), general view of the aqueduct, and the sampled kiln with insets showing the cores drilled in the left (L samples) and right (R samples) of the kiln https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-the-obtained-zijderveld-plots-for-every-2r107wc5.png Fig. 2 Examples of the obtained Zijderveld plots for every specimen. a and b Typical R-type samples. c and d Typical L-type samples. e Disregarded specimen due to a MAD value > 5. f Disregarded specimen considered an outlier. g At the bottom, the stereographic projection of the archaeomagnetic directions is shown (red dots are disregarded data, and black dots are the data used to compute the obtained mean direction (square) with the corresponding concentric α95 error circle) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-arai-plots-after-the-anisotropy-corrections-imparted-1ofeuckp.png Fig. 3 Arai plots after the anisotropy corrections. Imparted heating steps were at 100 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C, 400 °C, 430 °C, 460 °C, 490 °C, 520 °C, 550 °C, 570 °C and in some cases also 590 °C and 610 °C. a–c Accepted specimens following the selection criteria. d Specimen (I4) rejected because of a distortion of the NRM direction towards the direction of the laboratory field and bad pTRM checks. The intensity of the laboratory field used was 50 μT in all cases. The step temperatures used in checking points are indicated. Circles filled correspond to the used points for calculus. In each case, the obtained field strength after the TRM anisotropy correction is indicated https://scispace.com/papers/archaeometric-characterization-of-17th-century-tin-glazed-2sij6942li 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-37kuxzde.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-12s968qv.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-f95w110d.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/architectural-design-criteria-for-f-block-metal-ion-11ey73lw4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contd-28y2iz4p.png Figure 2. (contd) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-ca-c-bond-rotations-17zd17lu.png Figure 3. Illustration of the Ca-C Bond Rotations Investigated in Simple Amides https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-crystal-structures-for-2-and-metal-complexes-ay0wey6n.png Figure 2. (contd) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-c-h-o-interactions-in-dimethylformamide-dimers-1px6ile2.png Figure 6. The C-H--O Interactions in Dimethylformamide Dimers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-malonamide-extraction-constants-3-0-m-nano3-2b25fj5p.png Table 2. Malonamide Extraction Constants (3.0 M NaNO3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-structures-and-energies-kcal-mol-for-the-three-2j5qf7cu.png Figure 8. Structures and Energies (kcal/mol) for the Three Conformations of 1 with Am(III) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-preferred-metal-ion-orientations-3u9mrprm.png Figure 7. Illustration of Preferred Metal Ion Orientations with Respect to the Amide Donor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-succinamide-structures-and-energies-kcal-mol-from-b7v7sadx.png Figure 5. Succinamide Structures and Energies (kcal/mol) from BLYP/DZVP Calculations https://scispace.com/papers/architecture-driven-digital-image-correlation-technique-21452n54o7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-zoom-on-a-specific-region-of-the-sample-io01co7q.png Figure 23: Zoom on a specific region of the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-addict-speckle-free-face-and-fe-dic-speckled-face-28clz9g4.png Figure 25: ADDICT (speckle-free face) and FE-DIC (speckled face) discretizations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-elastic-regularization-versus-data-fidelity-for-2xrmnzz8.png Figure 15: Elastic regularization versus data fidelity for ADDICT on an elastic problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cubic-b-spline-grid-taken-to-discretize-the-ww5r2nw5.png Figure 4: Cubic B-spline grid taken to discretize the measured displacement field for the considered 2D cellular-like specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-main-steps-to-build-the-specimen-specific-immersed-1znpuc41.png Figure 3: Main steps to build the specimen-specific, immersed B-spline image-based model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-example-of-pairs-of-dic-test-images-based-on-the-3nvnf5z9.png Figure 9: Example of pairs of DIC test images based on the same sample but with different mechanical models. Image dynamic is equal to 255 in the whole image area and equal to 127 in the cell area only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-influence-of-the-regularization-parameter-on-the-1zsz3wxy.png Figure 17: Influence of the regularization parameter on the mean displacement error (U(ux) + U(uy))/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-influence-of-the-regularization-lengths-for-the-4nrz6v02.png Figure 26: Influence of the regularization lengths for the experimental test-case. Variation of lK . https://scispace.com/papers/architecture-for-a-service-oriented-and-convergent-charging-1quybilrx5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-for-service-oriented-charging-14esgddy.png Figure 1: Architecture for Service-oriented Charging. https://scispace.com/papers/are-abundance-indices-derived-from-spotlight-counts-reliable-1fdlaq6nxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationships-6-se-between-abundance-indices-ais-3c7k8adr.png Figure 1. Relationships (6 SE) between abundance indices (AIs; after log-transformation) obtained during annual spotlight counts and CMR estimates (after log-transformation) of population size (Arnason et al. 1991) computed from observations of marked animals seen during these censuses (see Table 1). A) shows the number of animals seen/km (AI-I), and B) shows the number of groups seen/km (AI-G). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-size-n-estimated-using-arnason-et-al-s-e62b7xp7.png Table 1. Population size (N̂) estimated using Arnason et al.’s (1991) Capture-Mark-Resighting (CMR) method and abundance indices (AI-I: number of animals seen/km;AI-G: number of groups seen/km) obtained from spotlight counts of red deer, La Petite Pierre, France. Each year six censuses were performed on three routes. Within the period 1979-2008, CMR estimates were not available for all years because , 3 sighting classes (i.e. classes of sighting’s frequencies of marked animals) were available some years (n¼ 14) to perform the goodness-of-fit tests (GOF; Arnason et al. 1991). The total number of animal seen (n), the number of sightings of marked animals (m) and the number of different marked individuals seen (mp) used to estimate N̂ are reported. AIs were adjusted for ’good’ conditions of observation during spotlight counts (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/are-all-trade-protection-policies-created-equal-empirical-3m8wgkhljw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-values-of-trade-policy-variables-over-sample-kplom4nn.png Table 2: Average Values of Trade Policy Variables Over Sample Years by Product https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-us-steel-trade-protection-events-1969-1974-voluntary-34ait7o3.png Table 1: US Steel Trade Protection Events 1969-1974 Voluntary Restraint Agreements https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-price-cost-margin-pcm-estimation-of-the-effects-of-1ifzmhuy.png Table 4: Price-Cost Margin (PCM) Estimation of the Effects of Various Trade Policies on Steel Plant Markups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-roeger-style-estimation-of-the-effects-of-various-1235tww2.png Table 3: Roeger-style Estimation of the Effects of Various Trade Policies on Steel Plant Markups https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-trade-policy-effects-on-market-power-by-integrated-6aod3gj7.png Table 5: Trade Policy Effects on Market Power by Integrated, Minimill, and Processor Steel Plants https://scispace.com/papers/are-consumers-strategic-structural-estimation-from-the-air-6s4r7q8ozy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-counterfactual-analysis-vkujlv7s.png Table 10 Counterfactual Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-under-different-consumer-expectation-2s0afae5.png Table 6 Results under Different Consumer Expectation Assumptions: Market L https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-prediction-models-for-weak-and-strong-form-rational-rkak8xif.png Table 12 Prediction Models for Weak- and Strong-Form Rational Expectations: Market L https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-allowing-for-different-price-sensitivities-between-3gxw9gwq.png Table 7 Allowing for Different Price Sensitivities between Myopic and Strategic Consumers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reduced-form-regressions-of-demand-on-expected-1e03loz3.png Table 4 Reduced-Form Regressions of Demand on (Expected) Future and Past Prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-compare-different-baseline-demand-models-perfect-27rh2t6a.png Table 5 Compare Different Baseline Demand Models (perfect foresight): Market L https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fraction-of-strategic-consumers-varying-with-2p5kp1w2.png Figure 1 Fraction of Strategic Consumers Varying with Booking Time (grouped by destination) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-demand-and-price-1aedb666.png Table 1 Summary Statistics of Demand and Price https://scispace.com/papers/are-benthic-fluxes-important-for-the-availability-of-si-in-2bb9v6b8hs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-schematic-presentation-of-the-budget-flows-of-si-in-2aja8fkm.png Fig. 6. A schematic presentation of the budget flows of Si in the Gulf of Finland in Gmol a -1 . The shaded arrows represent internal cycling of Si. In A., the burial, sedimentation flux and benthic flux of Si was calculated using the entire Gulf of Finland sediment area and in B. using the accumulation area only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-sedimentation-flux-of-asi-mmol-m-2-d-1-measured-109pbdd5.png Fig. 5. The sedimentation flux of ASi (mmol m -2 d -1 ) measured with the aid of sedimentation traps at 20 m depth in the water column at Storfjärden and Storgadden during one seasonal cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-coefficients-pearson-between-asi-1lsrb2tr.png Table 3. Correlation coefficients (Pearson) between ASi concentrations in sediment, DSi sediment-water flux and bottom-water oxygen concentrations at those of the studied stations where these measurements were available (n=9). https://scispace.com/papers/are-longitudinal-ice-surface-structures-on-the-antarctic-ice-2oiqjjr4ko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-diagram-to-illustrate-the-expected-down-1im0w4he.png Figure 8. Schematic diagram to illustrate the expected down-ice changes in (a) a two-dimensional longitudinal ice-surface structure and (b) a three-dimensional longitudinal ice-surface structure. The major difference is that, because it is a surface-only feature, a twodimensional longitudinal ice-surface structure cannot survive surface ablation and thus disappears down-ice as it is advected into an area of glacier surface ablation such as a blue-ice area. A threedimensional longitudinal ice-surface structure, however, can survive surface ablation and therefore persists down-ice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maps-of-the-ronne-ice-shelf-thiel-trough-area-a-ice-1a7h4gmx.png Figure 7. Maps of the Ronne Ice Shelf–Thiel Trough area. (a) Ice sheet/ice shelf surface from MOA. HIR: Henry Ice Rise; DIR: Doake Ice Rumples; KIR: Korff Ice Rise; BIR: Bungenstock Ice Rise; IIS: Institute Ice Stream; MIS: Möller Ice Stream. (b) Longitudinal ice-surface structures superimposed on BEDMAP-2 (Fretwell et al., 2013). Note how the flowlines follow the topography everywhere other than the Thiel Trough. (c) Surface flowlines superimposed on velocities from the MEASURES project (Rignot et al., 2011) showing good match between the two in all locations other than the Thiel Trough and its upstream continuation at the Bungenstock Ice Rise. (d) Inferred sequence of events, with initial flow through the Thiel Trough (dashed lines and arrows) followed by a switch of flow towards the Ronne Ice Shelf under contemporary conditions (solid lines and arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-continent-wide-distribution-of-longitudinal-ice-3p5g32uc.png Figure 1. Continent-wide distribution of longitudinal ice-surface structures on the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The map is compiled from ca. 3600 individual longitudinal ice-surface structures. Antarctic Peninsula glaciers and ice shelves already mapped by Glasser and Scambos (2008) and Glasser et al. (2009) are not included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-detail-of-the-surface-structures-of-the-antarctic-3jax0f22.png Figure 2. Detail of the surface structures of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in four key localities: (a) Recovery Glacier, (b) the Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf system, (c) Pine Island Glacier and (d) part of the Kamb Ice Stream (Ice Stream C) on the Ross Ice Shelf. Numbers 1 to 3 indicate disturbances in the longitudinal surface structures created when ice flow reorganised after ice-stream shutdown. Locations are marked in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plots-of-velocity-and-cumulative-age-with-distance-1ql1ze9k.png Figure 9. Plots of velocity and cumulative age with distance along uninterrupted longitudinal ice-surface structures for selected Antarctic glaciers: (a, b) Lambert Glacier, (c, d) Recovery Glacier, (e) Byrd Glacier, and (f) Pine Island Glacier. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-the-data-set-created-from-mapping-the-1dh08wyy.png Table 1. Details of the data set created from mapping the longitudinal ice-surface structures of the Antarctic ice Sheet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-longitudinal-ice-surface-structures-demonstrably-wuaa7rs3.png Figure 3. Longitudinal ice-surface structures, demonstrably foliation, at the western margin of the Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf system, East Antarctica, adjacent to Fisher Massif. (a) Oblique aerial photograph illustrating longitudinal foliation parallel to a medial moraine, defining a flow-unit boundary between the main glacier and a local tributary, and showing the close relationship between supraglacial meltwater channels and ponds. (b) Ground view of near-vertical longitudinal foliation, defined by differential weathering, at the edge of the glacier system. Photographs: M. J. Hambrey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-between-longitudinal-ice-surface-1rx9rada.png Figure 4. Comparison between longitudinal ice-surface structures and other Antarctic data sets. (a) Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mosaic of Antarctica showing the surface of the ice sheet (available from https://nsidc.org/data/radarsat/index.html). The locations of enlarged areas shown in Figs. 2a to d and Fig. 5 are indicated. Locations of radar stratigraphic studies of Conway et al. (2002), Siegert et al. (2004) and Martín et al. (2014) are also shown. (b) Continent-wide distribution of longitudinal ice-surface structures on the Antarctic Ice Sheet draped over the LIMA mosaic. (c) Velocity map of the Antarctic continent from the MEASURES project (Rignot et al., 2011). (d) Subglacial topography of Antarctica as compiled in BEDMAP-2 (Fretwell et al., 2013). Note that the location of longitudinal ice-surface structures mirrors areas of rapid velocity in areas underlain by deep subglacial troughs. https://scispace.com/papers/are-judgments-for-action-verbs-and-point-light-human-actions-2nl8wjo8so 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-procedure-of-the-experiment-for-an-even-c2whjxw1.png Figure 1: The procedure of the experiment for an even numbered participant; for odd numbered participants, the positions of the lexical decision task and the action decision task were counterbalanced. The arrow represents the sequence of one trial. For both tasks, as soon as the stimulus (a letter string in the lexical decision task and a point-light display in the action decision task) was presented, the participants had to decide whether it was a French word or a human action, respectively, for the lexical decision task (A) and the action decision task (B). In both tasks, the participants answered with a computer keyboard. In all cases, the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-accuracy-a-and-response-times-b-according-to-1yc36kxw.png Figure 2: Mean accuracy (A) and response times (B) according to the stimulus category (nouns, verbs, action) and the stimulus type (valid, pseudo). The error bars indicate one standard error. An asterisk indicates a significant difference, with p<0.01. Graphs have been made from the inverse arcsine and log transformations for the accuracy and the response time respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-median-and-range-values-min-max-of-word-frequency-3i3qd6rs.png Table 1: Median and range values (min-max) of word frequency, number of letters, number of syllables, imageability and motor-relatedness for the nouns and verbs. Given that normality and/or homogeneity assumptions were not respected for all variables, the significant differences were assessed with a non-parametric Wilcoxon test. The imageability was directly assessed by the participants at the end of the experiment. The motor-relatedness was assessed by an independent group of 37 adults (18 men, 19 women, Mean age=40.62 ± 11.03 years). *** Significant effect at p <0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pearsons-correlation-between-individual-response-b6pbbe0m.png Figure 3: Pearson’s correlation between individual response times A) for verbs and point-light human actions B) for nouns and point-light human actions and C) for nouns and verbs (C). All others correlations are synthetized in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearsons-correlations-between-the-response-times-of-1xhy4dp7.png Table 2: Pearson’s correlations between the response times of the various types of stimuli, where * indicates p<0.05,** indicates p<0.01 and *** indicates p<0.001. -----No correlations were calculated. https://scispace.com/papers/are-self-management-interventions-suitable-for-all-comparing-17s15kbl6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-differences-between-obese-and-nonobese-3jzvo7x4.png Table 2. Baseline Differences Between Obese and Nonobese Diabetes Type 2 Patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effectiveness-of-the-proactive-coping-intervention-35hv7i48.png Table 3. Effectiveness of the Proactive Coping Intervention for Obese and Nonobese Type 2 Diabetes Patients. https://scispace.com/papers/are-shadows-transparent-an-investigation-on-white-shadows-56lj9l97pv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-some-important-predictions-of-the-metelli-transparency-1zwr17sn.png Fig 1. Some important predictions of the Metelli transparency Rules. Leftmost board: white stripe. Middle board: grey stripe. Rightmost board: dark grey stripe. The rules are explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-partly-coincident-shadows-1uobofgd.png Fig. 3: Partly coincident shadows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-aaa-ordering-rules-according-to-kitaoka-2005-3fa2bewn.png Fig. 2 The AAA ordering rules according to Kitaoka (2005). https://scispace.com/papers/are-your-lights-off-using-problem-frames-to-diagnose-system-dz8cbaamgn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-alert-grid-status-222c2lww.png Figure 4. Alert Grid Status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-alert-aepr-status-c02awq89.png Figure 5. Alert AEPR Status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-commanded-behaviour-frame-q380ctto.png Figure 1. The Commanded Behaviour Frame https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-manage-se-trigger-1borxvqv.png Figure 3. Manage SE Trigger https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-level-composite-problem-diagram-of-se-and-rtca-wbfggmiy.png Figure 2. High Level Composite Problem Diagram of SE and RTCA systems https://scispace.com/papers/arenas-of-expectations-for-hydrogen-technologies-23kvj8z68q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-prospective-chain-of-hydrogen-energy-technologies-qz31q1fa.png Fig. 1. The prospective chain of hydrogen energy technologies. It contains the fourmain elements (production, distribution, storage and use) for which a number o ‘promising’ options are put forward. f https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-expectations-work-in-the-hydrogen-storage-arena-b4yt4fws.png Fig. 3. The expectations work in the hydrogen storage arena. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-arenas-of-expectations-3af9m82y.png Fig. 2. Arenas of expectations. https://scispace.com/papers/arginase-inhibition-supports-survival-and-differentiation-of-11v6rnjvvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-x20-bright-field-micrographs-of-the-1as2qjl0.png Figure 3. Representative ×20 bright-field micrographs of the 3 × Tg mice hippocampi (A,B). ×40 magnification of hilus (C,D) and CA1 region (E,F). Norvaline treatment led to a significant increase in CA1 MAP2-immunopositive surface area (H), and stain intensity (I). (G) Mean MAP2 stain intensity in hilus area. The data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 12, four brains per group, three sections per brain). *** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05 (two-tailed Student’s t-test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hippocampal-ccl11-mrna-expression-levels-real-time-2eaj4fwa.png Figure 4. Hippocampal CCL11 mRNA expression levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of mRNA levels of CCL11 gene. The normalized data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 brains per group). * p < 0.05 (two-tailed Student’s t-test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hippocampal-ccl11-mrna-expression-levels-real-time-1tp9x3ya.png Figure 4. Hippocampal CCL11 mRNA expression levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of mRNA levels of CCL11 gene. The normalized data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 brains per group). * p < 0.05 (two-tailed Student’s t-test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-western-blot-analysis-of-the-hippocampal-lysates-aur0ykwo.png Figure 5. Western blot analysis of the hippocampal lysates using anti-PAX6, and anti-β-actin antibodies (A). The normalized data (B) are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 brains pe roup). ** p < 0.01 (two-tailed Student’s t-test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-western-blot-analysis-of-the-hippocampal-lysates-2ujwl6kg.png Figure 5. Western blot analysis of the hippocampal lysates using anti-PAX6, and anti-β-actin antibodies (A). The normalized data (B) are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 brains pe roup). ** p < 0.01 (two-tailed Student’s t-test). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-crossroads-of-arginine-metabolism-in-the-ad-brain-3q5hhwhu.png Figure 7. Crossroads of arginine metabolism in the AD brain. NOS oxidatively converts arginine into c tr lline and NO. Argin se (ARG) hydr yzes arginine into ornithine an urea. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) produces agmatine nd carbon dioxide via arginine decarb xylat on. Agmatine is utilized in putrescine synthesis via agmatinas (AGM), a alternatively, the n urotransm tter GABA is syn hesized in th diamine oxidase (DAO) p thway. Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) yields citrulline and phosphate. These pathways int rfere with each other via intricate substr te competition m chanisms. For the sake of diagram sim licity, several intermediat steps and byprodu ts are omitted. In the AD brain, overactive arginase comp tes with NOS and ADC for the common substr t and reduces the bioavail bility of argi ine, which limits the production of agmatine and , and leads to NOS uncoupling and generation of superoxide anion. Overactivation of ornit ine decarboxylase (ODC) leads to a surplus of downstream polyamine products, which can be eurotoxic [97]. Moreover, the gradual oxidation of polyamines by polyamine oxidase is associated with the generation of hydrogen peroxide and leads to oxidative stress [98]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-crossroads-of-arginine-metabolism-in-the-ad-brain-tjmws0c5.png Figure 7. Crossroads of arginine metabolism in the AD brain. NOS oxidatively converts arginine into c tr lline and NO. Argin se (ARG) hydr yzes arginine into ornithine an urea. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) produces agmatine nd carbon dioxide via arginine decarb xylat on. Agmatine is utilized in putrescine synthesis via agmatinas (AGM), a alternatively, the n urotransm tter GABA is syn hesized in th diamine oxidase (DAO) p thway. Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) yields citrulline and phosphate. These pathways int rfere with each other via intricate substr te competition m chanisms. For the sake of diagram sim licity, several intermediat steps and byprodu ts are omitted. In the AD brain, overactive arginase comp tes with NOS and ADC for the common substr t and reduces the bioavail bility of argi ine, which limits the production of agmatine and , and leads to NOS uncoupling and generation of superoxide anion. Overactivation of ornit ine decarboxylase (ODC) leads to a surplus of downstream polyamine products, which can be eurotoxic [97]. Moreover, the gradual oxidation of polyamines by polyamine oxidase is associated with the generation of hydrogen peroxide and leads to oxidative stress [98]. https://scispace.com/papers/arinc-653-api-and-its-application-an-insight-into-avionics-wc6j72ykx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-queuing-port-implementation-in-the-case-study-28inylj0.png Figure 8. Queuing port implementation in the case study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-typical-failure-scenarios-considered-in-the-case-2442m97h.png Figure 10. Typical failure scenarios considered in the case study for various failure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-typical-partition-execution-with-a-task-failure-1of7qozm.png Figure 9. Typical partition execution with a task failure (Test Case 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-avionics-federated-architecture-1cntn778.png Figure 1. Typical avionics federated architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shows-the-arinc-653-multiple-partitioned-block-10rc5i14.png Figure 4 shows the ARINC 653 multiple partitioned block diagram showing the typical blocks with layered interfaces from hardware up to the application. Application software hosted on each partition has one or more processes and these use the services provided by APEX using set of ARINC653 primitives. Apart from application partition, system partition also uses the services provided by the core software layer and may or may not use the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-integrated-architecture-based-avionics-1o4g3eho.png Figure 2. Typical Integrated architecture based avionics suite. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attributes-of-process-attribute-type-structure-2d7c27ck.png Table 1. Attributes of PROCESS_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-four-partitioned-avionics-function-gecvcmm0.png Figure 5. Four partitioned avionics function. https://scispace.com/papers/arms-or-legs-isomorphic-dutch-auctions-and-centipede-games-24p7321zpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-treatments-txheeo26.png Table 1. Experiment Treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bids-in-sequential-bid-dutch-auctions-stbezx2r.png Figure 5. Bids in Sequential-bid Dutch Auctions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simultaneous-move-tree-format-games-2165gdp2.png Figure 4. Simultaneous Move Tree Format Games https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-within-subjects-t2-t1-t2-comparisons-17hjt2bo.png Figure 9. Within-subjects T2-T1-T2 Comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-mckelvey-and-palfrey-centipede-game-1e074nja.png Figure 1. A Typical McKelvey and Palfrey Centipede Game https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-take-deviations-in-sequential-move-ipv-centipede-2usymabn.png Figure 8. Take Deviations in Sequential-move IPV Centipede Games https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-take-deviations-in-simultaneous-move-ipv-centipede-tm3bkgc8.png Figure 12. Take Deviations in Simultaneous-move IPV Centipede Games https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-bid-deviations-in-simultaneous-bid-dutch-auctions-1f8mbqw8.png Figure 11. Bid Deviations in Simultaneous-bid Dutch Auctions https://scispace.com/papers/arsenic-dominated-chemistry-in-the-acid-cleaning-of-ingaas-5fu0mwa5hm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-y-sun-et-al-apl-30nxmah0.png Figure 2. Y. Sun, et al. APL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-y-sun-et-al-apl-524drw1b.png Figure 1 Y. Sun, et al. APL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-y-sun-et-al-apl-edw8oril.png Figure 3 Y. Sun, et al. APL https://scispace.com/papers/arrhythmias-in-rat-hearts-exposed-to-pulsed-ultrasound-after-3nz6vq85o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electrocardiographic-data-lead-i-from-a-rat-exposed-3oeoyyu5.png Figure 4. Electrocardiographic data (lead I) from a rat exposed to pulsed ultrasound after intravenous injection of the contrast agent. Analysis of the electrocardiographic data showed normal sinus rhythm complexes (complexes to the left of the arrow). When the contrast agent was in the systemic circulation and ultrasound exposure was initiated (arrow), ventricular tachycardia was observed (complexes to the right of the arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hematoxylin-basic-fuchsin-picric-acid-staining-in-ldqzpl0s.png Figure 5. Hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid staining in rats exposed to pulsed ultrasound. A, Ventral (sternum)–dorsal view of the heart after fixation in 10% buffered formalin. The heart had an area of acute myocardial injury aligned with the focal plane of the ultrasonic beam over the free wall of the right ventricle (arrow). This lesion was observed in only 1 (5.0%) of 20 rats exposed to ultrasound. B, Midsagittal view of the transected heart after fixation in 10% buffered formalin. The heart had an area of acute myocardial injury aligned with the focal plane of the ultrasonic beam that extended from the epicardial surface through the free wall of the right ventricle (arrow) into the right ventricle (arrowhead; asterisk indicates left ventricle). C, Microscopic section of a representative myocardial lesion. Rhabdomyocytes had loss of cross striations and were swollen and hyalinized (arrows). These changes were characteristic of acute coagulative necrosis (hematoxylin-eosin stain). D, Microscopic step section of the same myocardial lesion shown in C. Application of a histochemical stain for acute rhabdomyocte injury labeled the injured cells. The injured cells are stained dark (HBFP stain). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rat-preparation-and-transducer-alignment-a-after-ikvhlffz.png Figure 1. Rat preparation and transducer alignment. A, After depilation, rats were placed in dorsal recumbency. A black dot was placed on the skin over the sternum to mark the site for alignment of the ultrasonic transducer. B, The focused 51-mm-diameter lithium niobate ultrasonic transducer was aligned perpendicular to the black dot. C, A standoff vessel containing degassed water (30°C) was placed in contact with the skin of the rat. The membrane of the standoff vessel made direct contact with the skin surface. A small quantity of mineral oil was used to ensure complete contact between the membrane and the skin. D, Electrocardiographic leads were attached to the limbs in a lead I configuration before the alignment procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-data-summed-for-all-20-experimental-rats-the-number-krx89pwj.png Figure 3. Data summed for all 20 experimental rats. The number of arrhythmias for each treatment condition, the duration of each treatment condition, and the number of arrhythmias per minute for each treatment condition are shown. CA indicates contrast agent; SR, normal sinus rhythm (baseline); US, ultrasound exposure; and US & CA, ultrasound exposure with the circulating contrast agent. https://scispace.com/papers/article-choice-theory-of-mind-and-memory-in-children-with-5unub86esh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-td-sli-and-hfa-groups-2wj79193.png Table 2. Characteristics of the TD, SLI, and HFA groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-indefinite-nonreferential-condition-proportions-of-38cqm08n.png Figure 1. Indefinite nonreferential condition proportions of indefinite (correct), definite (incorrect), and irrelevant responses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-items-correct-1-standard-error-of-the-9t1z7t46.png Figure 4. Number of items correct (±1 standard error of the mean) on false belief items of the nonverbal theory of mind task (maximal score = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-1-standard-error-of-themean-on-the-digit-1xlpjoyk.png Figure 5. Results (±1 standard error of themean) on the digit span forward, digit span backward (average maximum number of digits repeated correctly), and odd-one-out tasks (memory level, maximum = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-1-standard-error-of-the-mean-on-the-nonword-1sqkrnp0.png Figure 6. Results (±1 standard error of the mean) on the nonword repetition task (percentage correct out of 40 items). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-definite-condition-proportions-of-definite-correct-10a4y4f2.png Figure 3. Definite condition: proportions of definite (correct), indefinite (incorrect), and irrelevant responses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-group-results-of-hfa-and-sli-groups-compared-to-td-1o4qrlc5.png Table 3. Group results of HFA and SLI groups compared to TD group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-dutch-adult-article-system-3rd0p660.png Table 1. The Dutch adult article system https://scispace.com/papers/arterial-pole-progenitors-interpret-opposing-fgf-bmp-signals-1lgxqw1p9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dissecting-the-role-of-the-fgf-intracellular-signaling-1hz6fafh.png Fig. 4. Dissecting the role of the FGF intracellular signaling pathways in SHF explants grown for 24 hours. (A,B) Inhibiting of the Ras/Erk pathway using the MEK inhibitor had no effect on proliferation (A) but significantly increased myocardial differentiation (B) compared with controls (B,*P=0.03). Inhibition of the AKT pathway with the PI3K inhibitor decreased proliferation (A,*P=0.001) but had no effect on differentiation. Inhibition of the PKC pathway with the PLCg inhibitor decreased proliferation (A, *P=0.001) but had no effect on differentiation. Blocking the FGF signaling with SU5402 decreased proliferation (A, *P=0.003) in the same way as the PI3K and PLC-g inhibitors, and increased differentiation (B; *P=0.02) in the same way as the MEK inhibitor. (C,D) Treatment with low dose BMP2 (25 ng/ml) plus the MEK inhibitor did not affect proliferation. Combining BMP2 and the Mek inhibitor significantly increased myocardial differentiation compared with controls (*P=0.001) but was not significantly increased compared with BMP alone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fgf8-promotes-smooth-muscle-differentiation-after-48-pa1ejj2d.png Fig. 5. FGF8 promotes smooth muscle differentiation after 48 hours in culture. (A-D) SHF explants grown for 48 hours and stained for MF20 (red) and SMLK (green). (A) Control culture grown in 2% FBS. (B) SHF cultures grown with 10mg/ml of FGF8 showing increased smooth muscle differentiation (green) compared with control. (C) SHF grown for 48 hours with Mek inhibitor. (D) Forty-eight-hour culture grown with BMP2. Arrows indicate differentiating smooth muscle cells. (E) FGF8-treated SHF explants had significantly more smooth muscle (green) compared with control or BMP2-treated cultures (*P≤0.05). FGF8-treated explants (5 ng/ml) had significantly less myocardium than did controls (**P=0.04) or BMP2-treated cultures (**P=0.001). After 48 hours, nearly all of the BMP2-treated culture differentiated into myocardium (#). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-inhibition-of-ras-erk-and-plcg-pathways-disrupts-3ei0zelp.png Fig. 6. Inhibition of Ras/Erk and PLCg pathways disrupts arterial pole alignment. (A-C) Inhibitor treatment disrupted heart looping. Left side view of HH16 embryos after 24 hour exposure to either vehicle control (A), 10mM of MEK inhibitor (B) or 10mM of the PLCg inhibitor (C). Abnormal heart looping was observed in both inhibitor treatment groups. Normally, the outflow limb (white arrows) is partially obscured by the inflow limb (black arrows). (D-F) Arterial pole alignment in heart from day 9 embryos was disrupted after inhibitor treatment. (D) Control heart showed normal alignment (arrows) of the aorta (ao) and pulmonary trunk (p). Hearts from MEK inhibitor-treated (E) and PLCg inhibitor-treated (F) embryos had ‘side-by-side’ vessels (arrows), indicating overriding aorta or DORV. (G-I) Cross-sections through hearts in D-F and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The aorta was in a sideby-side orientation with the pulmonary trunk in the MEK inhibitortreated (H) and the PLCg inhibitor-treated (I) animals. (J-L) Hearts from day 9 embryos after neural crest ablation alone (J) or neural crest ablation (NCA) followed by treatment with the MEK inhibitor (K) or PLCg inhibitor (L). All of the hearts from the NCA embryos had a common outlet (PTA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-clonal-analysis-of-the-secondary-heart-field-a-c-1snkbjh7.png Fig. 1. Clonal analysis of the secondary heart field. (A-C) Secondary heart field progenitors differentiate into beating myocardium (red), smooth muscle (elongated green) and endothelial cells (rounded green) after 96 hours in culture. B and C are enlarged regions from A. (D-K) Clonal analysis shows the that SHF contains a multipotent progenitor cell that is capable of differentiating into myocardium (D,G,J,K), smooth muscle (E,H-K) and endothelial cells (F,I,K). Tripotency is demonstrated in K with a clone expressing multiple cardiac cell lineage markers. Blue labels the nuclei in all the cells and the nuclei plus the cytoplasm in the MF20-positive cell (blue arrowhead). Arrows indicate nuclei expressing no differentiation markers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mek-and-plcg-inhibitors-disrupt-development-of-the-shf-1z9a2mam.png Fig. 7. MEK and PLCg inhibitors disrupt development of the SHF. (A) Inhibition of Ras/Erk signaling with the Mek inhibitor caused premature myocardial differentiation in the SHF. A HH16 embryo, sagittally sectioned through outflow tract and SHF, was immunostained for MF20 (red) to mark myocardium and Hoechst to label the nuclei. The MF20 was ectopically expressed in the SHF mesoderm (arrows) that is continuous with the myocardial rim (asterisk) of the outflow tract. (B) Graph showing the number of proliferating cells in the SHF of embryos treated with the PLCg and MEK inhibitors compared with control embryos. Only inhibition of the PLCg pathway significantly decreased SHF proliferation (*P=0.03). (C,D) Mek inhibitor treatment disrupted development of the coronary stems. Cross-section through the base of aorta at the left coronary stem insertion from a control embryo (C) and an embryo treated with the MEK inhibitor (D) and stained with SM22. Arrow in C shows normal single coronary stem. Arrows in D show the abnormal and multiple small vessels traversing the aortic wall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-identification-of-stem-cells-in-the-shf-a-cells-doubly-31jf4rii.png Fig. 2. Identification of stem cells in the SHF. (A) Cells doubly positive for Isl1 and Nkx2.5 (white arrowhead) represent a myocardial and smooth muscle lineage. (B) Cells doubly positive for Isl1 and Flk1 (white arrowhead) represent a smooth muscle and endothelial cell lineage. Cultures are a mixed population, with some cells expressing only one marker (green arrowhead) or no marker (blue asterisk). (C-E) Asymmetrical localization of Numb (green, white arrows) in SHF cells suggests existence of a stem cell population [C,D are also stained for transitin, a type IV intermediate filament protein that has been shown to co-localize with Numb (Wakamatsu et al., 2007)]. (D) Cell with condensed chromatin and asymmetric localization of Numb. (E) Asymmetric localization of Numb in Isl1-expressing cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shf-explants-cultured-for-24-hours-with-fgf8-or-bmp2-3m0xfng5.png Fig. 3. SHF explants cultured for 24 hours with FGF8 or BMP2, alone or in combination, and analyzed for proliferation (pHH3) or myocardial differentiation (MF20). (A) Low concentrations of FGF8 (2.5-5.0 ng/ml) significantly increased SHF proliferation (*P≤0.003 compared with control). SU5402 treatment significantly decreased proliferation when compared with controls (*P=0.01) and 2.5 ng and 5.0 ng FGF8-treated groups (**P≤0.008). (B) FGF8 treatment decreased myocardial differentiation with the 5 ng/ml dose (*P=0.004). SU5402 significantly increased differentiation when compared with controls (*P=0.014) and all FGF8 treatment groups (**P≤0.03). (C) Increasing concentrations of BMP decreased proliferation compared with controls (*P≤0.0001). This effect was negated by Noggin exposure (n=8 for each treatment group). (D) Increasing concentrations of BMP increased myocardial differentiation compared with control (*P≤0.004). This effect was inhibited by Noggin (**P<0.0001). Each increase in BMP2 dose significantly increased differentiation (*P≤0.02) (n=8 for each treatment group). (E) FGF8 (2.5 ng/ml) plus 25 ng/ml BMP2 treatment increased proliferation compared with controls (*P=0.003). Treatment with low dose BMP2 (25 ng/ml) and high FGF8 (5 ng/ml) dose significantly increased proliferation compared with control (*P=0.0001). Proliferation levels were significantly reduced when explants were cultured with 5 ng/ml FGF8 and 300 ng/ml BMP2 (*P=0.0001) (n=12 for each treatment group). (F) 25 ng/ml BMP2 plus 2.5 ng/ml FGF8 treatment did not increase differentiation compared with controls and FGF8. Myocardial differentiation was significantly decreased in explants grown with 5 ng/ml FGF8 and 25 ng/ml BMP2 (*P=0.0001) Myocardial differentiation was significantly increased in explants grown in 300 ng/ml BMP and 5 ng/ml FGF8 (*P=0.003) compared with controls (n=12 for each treatment group). https://scispace.com/papers/artificial-finger-skin-having-ridges-and-distributed-tactile-4eb1k86eyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-strain-inside-the-ridge-fig-2-12x5eqg4.png Fig. 1 Distribution of strain inside the ridge Fig. 2 Distribution of shear strain inside the ridge https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-view-of-designed-artificial-finger-skin-7ly0w8mi.png Fig. 4 Top view of designed artificial finger skin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-dimensional-fe-model-of-designed-artificial-finger-l7zz82h3.png Fig. 5 Two dimensional FE model of designed artificial finger skin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-points-and-directions-for-subtracting-the-strains-1rzdn3vb.png Fig. 3 Points and directions for subtracting the strains https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-velocity-of-the-subtracted-strains-inside-third-ridge-29i9v7y0.png Fig. 8 Velocity of the subtracted strains inside third ridge for basic case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-history-of-external-force-wz9wqbq1.png Fig. 6 History of external force https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-number-of-nodes-which-sticks-2y5egv35.png Fig. 7 Number of nodes which sticks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-acceleration-of-the-subtracted-strains-inside-third-1b0mp10h.png Fig. 9 Acceleration of the subtracted strains inside third ridge for basic case https://scispace.com/papers/asian-cross-border-marriage-migration-demographic-patterns-4diz00jndt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2-sample-numbers-and-percentage-compared-with-local-1sxdyz98.png Table 9.2 Sample numbers and percentage compared with local/national data 207 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-5-age-sex-ratio-in-vietnam-2003-29h9ikbw.png Table 7.5 Age-sex ratio in Vietnam, 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-changes-in-nationality-of-foreign-wives-of-4kd9z50g.png Figure 3.3 Changes in nationality of foreign wives of Japanese husbands, 1965-2002 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-5-proportional-distribution-of-residence-after-2chfm3kw.png Table 6.5 Proportional distribution of residence after marriage by country of origin of foreign spouse, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-net-migration-of-foreigners-to-japan-by-sex-1965-12y6mu5o.png Figure 3.1 Net migration of foreigners to Japan by sex, 1965-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-the-prefectures-the-regions-and-the-three-largest-cxthpd40.png Figure 3.4 The prefectures, the regions and the three largest metropolitan areas of Japan https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-mean-age-at-marriage-of-brides-and-grooms-by-202yacru.png Table 6.1 Mean age at marriage of brides and grooms by country of origin of foreign spouse, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-living-standards-of-households-before-and-after-1s609fja.png Figure 7.2 Living standards of households before and after their daughters’ marriages https://scispace.com/papers/artificial-intelligence-techniques-point-out-differences-in-aywm443607 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-each-carcass-was-photographed-in-three-positions-19mn8tmh.png Fig. 1. Each carcass was photographed in three positions: lateral (a), medial (b) and dorsal (c). An operator then manually marked 21 relevant points and five curve arcs. Single anatomical traits were easily calculated by means of distances between key points (i.e. belly depth=distance between I4 and I5 or carcass length=distance between I2 and I7 in picture b). To represent profile convexities, we consider the curve arc that borders the profile as a variable real function f. We can then compute the curvature at each point (x, y=f (x)) by means of Formula 1. We approximate the derivates using the values of f in the environment of each point of the profile. So we divide the arc by means of a sequence of points {xi} in [0,a] that divide the interval into a given number (the same in all cases) of equal length subintervals. Then f 0(xi) and f 00(xi), the first and second derivative, are approached using Formula 2 and Formula 3. Finally, to summarize the convexity of the whole arc in the interval [0,a], we compute the average of the curvature (xi) for all {xi}. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-absolute-errors-and-number-of-functions-or-ti2vkydb.png Table 2 Average absolute errors and number of functions (or prototypes) selected to make predictions on unseen cases for three machine learning algorithms in light or standard carcass conformation classification. Results obtained by cross validation of 10 folders repeated five times over the light and standard carcasses training sets described in the text. The errors were computed as the deviation from the human experts’ average assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-attributes-used-to-learn-how-to-classify-3r3dcf83.png Table 3 List of attributes used to learn how to classify light or standard carcasses for each of the subsets considered in the present paper after assessing their relevancy by means of the FA tool (Quevedo et al., 2001). The list of attributes is ordered from less to more relevant. Attributes have been listed when there were seven or less of them https://scispace.com/papers/artificial-neural-network-approach-for-business-decision-3al9it95iy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-screen-shot-of-the-confusion-chart-used-to-assess-2j8njkgr.png Figure 15. Screen shot of the confusion chart used to assess Network accuracy considering 30 inputs and 5 output classes after completing 150 epochs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-36-inputs-to-the-lstm-network-li0efhlc.png Figure 4. 36 inputs to the LSTM Network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-screen-shot-of-network-training-outcome-epdb78n5.png Figure 11. Screen shot of Network training outcome considering 30 inputs and 5 output classes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-screen-shot-of-the-confusion-chart-used-to-assess-o8djor14.png Figure 12. Screen shot of the confusion chart used to assess Network accuracy considering 30 inputs and 5 output classes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lstm-neural-network-used-in-this-paper-1yy73dha.png Figure 5. LSTM Neural Network used in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-screen-shot-of-network-training-progress-1lblok2a.png Figure 10. Screen shot of Network training progress considering 30 inputs and 5 output classes, Network training accuracy increasing up to 70% (above) and Network loss decreasing (below). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-scaling-performance-measures-by-criteria-weights-to-24w29zyb.png Figure 9. Scaling performance measures by criteria weights to reduce number of inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-single-perceptron-3ghkjrgr.png Figure 1. Single perceptron. https://scispace.com/papers/as-rigid-as-possible-image-registration-for-hand-drawn-2umt8hh280 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-auto-painting-by-unsupervised-scribble-transfer-ft2sifdd.png Figure 7: Auto-painting by unsupervised scribble transfer – color scribbles can be transferred from already painted to yet unpainted animation frames using our deformable image registration algorithm. The LazyBrush [Sýkora et al. 2009] algorithm is then utilized to compute the final painting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deformable-image-registration-in-progress-we-want-3polm3ln.png Figure 2: Deformable image registration in progress – we want to register a straight stripe (filled with transparent color and embedded in a square lattice) with its S-shaped counterpart filled with light blue color (column 0). In each iteration (columns 1–4) two steps are repeated: points are first pushed towards locations with minimal visual difference without considering shape consistency (left) and then the shape is regularized using a variant of as-rigid-as-possible shape matching algorithm (right). Note, how the shape gradually approaches the desired configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-motion-capture-by-skeleton-transfer-the-image-of-bbgjhtbm.png Figure 8: Motion capture by skeleton transfer – the image of the rest pose was manually annotated by a skeleton (left). Its corresponding positions on several new postures were obtained without user intervention using our deformable image registration algorithm (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-overview-of-the-proposed-algorithm-the-1r2log37.png Figure 3: A schematic overview of the proposed algorithm – the aim is to register a light blob (source) with its darker counterpart (target). The light blob is embedded in a square lattice (partly visible). The algorithm iterates two main phases: push (yellow part) & regularize (green part). In the pushing phase block matching is used to move lattice points towards locations where a sum of absolute differences over a local neighborhood (red square) is minimal. Then in the shape regularization phase two steps are iterated: (1) optimal rigid transformation is computed for each lattice square and then (2) lattice points are moved to the centroid of their shared instances in all connected squares. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-selected-examples-of-deformable-image-registration-17umakbm.png Figure 9: Selected examples of deformable image registration produced by our algorithm – each example contains (from left to right): size of the square on the embedding lattice equal to the local neighborhood N (blue square), size of the local searching area M (red square), source & target image, their initial overlap, resulting overlap after registration using our approach, overlap refined by energy-based approach [Glocker et al. 2008], and the graph of the average sum of absolute differences (blue curve) and the average distance to starting pose (red curve) for first 100 iterations. The last registration result (h) presents a failure example when our algorithm gets stuck in an undesirable pose due to very large free-form deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-as-rigid-as-possible-image-33p75nvy.png Figure 4: An example of as-rigid-as-possible image deformation – the original image embedded in a square lattice (left) and its deformed counterpart (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-evolution-of-the-shape-deformation-through-bfltqiet.png Figure 5: The evolution of the shape deformation through several shape regularization iterations – one point is fixed at different location (left). During the first iterations the shape is flexible but when the number of iterations increases the deformation gradually approaches pure translation (from left to right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-based-shape-deformation-by-registering-3bh8os8s.png Figure 6: Example-based shape deformation – by registering several consecutive animation phases (left) a smooth sequence of intermediate frames can be generated. This can be utilized for a synthesis of new poses satisfying a user-given positional constraint (right): the current position of the dragged point (red dot) is projected (blue dot) on its key-frame trajectory (red curve) to retrieve the corresponding intermediate frame which is subsequently deformed to match the actual position of the dragged point. https://scispace.com/papers/aspartix-implementing-argumentation-frameworks-using-answer-44d9msli20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-value-based-argument-graph-for-popov-v-hayashi-1tgxp1h6.png Fig. 1. Value-based Argument Graph for Popov v. Hayashi https://scispace.com/papers/aspect-of-oscillatory-along-shelf-flow-in-the-vicinity-of-an-559encpcnk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-velocity-and-vorticity-fields-for-laboratory-2ident8z.png Figure 6. Velocity and vorticity fields for laboratory experiments in Grenoble at the level (a) z/hD =−0.2, (b) z/hD = −0.4. The case with roughness elements. Parameters are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensionless-parameters-1uq9sd7y.png Table 1. Dimensionless parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-characteristic-speed-of-the-normalized-time-mean-2h3bnlrr.png Figure 4. Characteristic speed of the normalized time-mean flow at the shelf break level as obtained from the laboratory experiments and the numericalmodel against the scaling relation. The symbols near the data points correspond to either laboratory (L) or numerical (N) experiments.The dashed line is the best fit U 1/u0 = (0.9λ+ 12.7)× 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-velocity-and-vorticity-fields-for-laboratory-2t1yxizh.png Figure 5. Velocity and vorticity fields for laboratory experiments in Grenoble at the level (a) z/hD = − 0.2, (b) z/hD = −0.4. The case without roughness elements. Parameters are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-a-schematic-of-the-canyon-model-35uxrw6j.png Figure 1. Experimental set-up (a) schematic of the canyon model, (b) rotating tank and the canyon model with roughness elements in Grenoble. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vorticity-left-and-horizontal-divergence-right-2r23pszp.png Figure 2. Vorticity (left) and horizontal divergence (right) fields for the central experiment discussed by PHB as obtained from (a) the laboratory, (b) the SEOM model using a parameterized shear–strees condition along the model floor and (c) the SEOMmodel using a no-slip condition, including a highly resolved Ekman layer, along the model floor. Parameters: Ro= 0.1, Rot = 0.52, Bu= 10, E= 3.2× 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-velocity-and-vorticity-fields-for-laboratory-left-2uvpwyp1.png Figure 3. Velocity and vorticity fields for laboratory (left) and SEOM (right) models at the shelf-break level z/hD =−0.2 for (a) Ro= 0.1, Rot = 0.52, Bu= 10, E= 3.2 × 10−3; (b) Ro= 0.1, Rot = 0.52, Bu= 2.5, E= 3.2 × 10−3; (c) Ro = 0.1, Rot = 0.25, Bu = 10, E = 3.2× 10−3; (d) Ro = 0.1, Rot = 1.25, Bu = 10, E = 3.2× 10−3. https://scispace.com/papers/aspects-du-culte-dans-les-eglises-de-numidie-au-temps-d-5cph7rcj8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-timgad-eglise-7-cathedrale-donatiste-choeur-et-2eet60ci.png Fig. 28. Timgad, église 7 (“cathédrale donatiste”), chœur et sépulture privilégiée d’après un croquis de Duval (GUI I., DUVAL N., CAILLET J.-P., Basiliques de l’Algérie, 2, Illustrations, 1992, pl. 133,5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-djemila-cuicul-plan-restitue-du-groupe-episcopal-1k1o0vm2.png Fig. 8. Djemila (Cuicul), plan restitué du groupe épiscopal d’après Christern (GUI I., DUVAL N., CAILLET J.-P., Basiliques de l’Algérie, 2, Illustrations, 1992, pl. 77,1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-djemila-cuicul-plan-des-cryptes-du-groupe-episcopal-a3463u4y.png Fig. 7. Djemila (Cuicul), plan des cryptes du groupe épiscopal d’après Christern (GUI I., DUVAL N., CAILLET J.-P., Basiliques de l’Algérie, 2, Illustrations, 1992, pl. 77,1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-tebessa-chapelle-triconque-vue-des-fouilles-sous-la-2qzd71ff.png Fig. 21. Tébessa, chapelle triconque, vue des fouilles sous la mosaïque (DUVAL Y., Loca sanctorum, I, fig. 88, 1982, p. 125). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-tebessa-plan-detaille-du-complexe-dapres-christern-et-144c1drn.png Fig. 22. Tébessa, plan détaillé du complexe d’après Christern et Müller (GUI I., DUVAL N., CAILLET J.-P., Basiliques de l’Algérie, 2, Illustrations, 1992, pl. 151). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-morsott-plan-de-la-grande-basilique-dapres-gsell-gui-fnqqcj0w.png Fig. 12. Morsott, plan de la grande basilique d’après Gsell (GUI I., DUVAL N., CAILLET J.-P., Basiliques de l’Algérie, 2, Illustrations, 1992, pl. 159, 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-henchir-bou-takrematen-mensa-marturum-24ddbr3c.png Fig. 24. Henchir Bou Takrematen, mensa marturum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-henchir-tarlist-plan-dapres-labrousse-gui-i-duval-n-256myv28.png Fig. 18. Henchir Tarlist, plan d’après Labrousse (GUI I., DUVAL N., CAILLET J.-P., Basiliques de l’Algérie, 2, Illustrations, 1992, pl. 81, 3). https://scispace.com/papers/assertiveness-training-and-exposure-in-vivo-for-agoraphobics-2xz3ou8s3s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fear-questionnaire-oeal-phobia-group-mean-scores-v42uohdz.png FIGURE 4. Fear questionnaire: [Oeal phobia. Group mean scores for treated (n 5) and non-treated (n 5) clients. Reassessed after six monchs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-questionnaire-dara-3azwj7kv.png TABLE 1. Summary of questionnaire dara https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fear-questionnaire-ag-h-b-g-oral-0-la-roup-mean-3a5qz0mg.png FIGURE 3. Fear questionnaire' ag h b' G _. . oral' 0 la. roup mean scores for treated (n non-treated (II - 5) clients. Reassessed afcer six months. 5) and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-agoraphobia-questionnaire-group-mean-scores-for-uzi3oahv.png FIGURE 2. Agoraphobia questionnaire: group mean scores for treated (n '» and noncreated (n = :» clients. Reassessed after six months. https://scispace.com/papers/asperger-s-syndrome-and-high-functioning-autism-language-374cwgpy14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-language-functioning-3l5qlmnf.png Table 3 Language functioning https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-level-of-psychosocial-functioning-subjects-with-as-n-237y028k.png Table 4 Level of psychosocial functioning Subjects with AS N = 57 Subjects with HFA N = 55 Chi-square (p) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cognitive-profiles-13cb3igr.png Table 2 Cognitive profiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-sample-3w4aipt5.png Table 1 Characteristics of the sample https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-foreign-language-learning-through-mobile-game-pnpo2cysee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshot-of-the-app-displaying-a-definition-to-ddssix6j.png Figure 2. Screenshot of the APP displaying a definition to guess https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-diagram-of-the-system-1olj6zky.png Figure 1. Architecture diagram of the system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ratio-of-guessed-definitions-chart-23pmyxm8.png Figure 3. Ratio of guessed definitions chart https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-community-distribution-characteristics-and-4470pssuvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-23b4l9mb.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-for-the-two-cca-canonical-3nhogz58.png Table 4 Summary statistics for the two CCA (canonical correspondence analysis) ordinations and comparison of the results using DCA (detrended correspondence analysis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2dy7td44.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6w3ufgcj.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-predicted-isolation-effects-from-the-general-4xk7u3vy4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-isolation-scenarios-a-distance-scenarios-based-on-2im1alxy.png Figure 1 Isolation scenarios. (a) Distance scenarios based on the distance d from the island centre to the mainland: d=300 vs. d=150 cells. (b) Distance scenarios based on the dispersal ability of the mainland source pool of species: short-distance vs. long-distance dispersal ability (thin and fat kernel tails, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hypotheses-based-on-the-gdm-whittaker-et-al-2008-1dykssk4.png Table 1. Hypotheses based on the GDM (Whittaker et al., 2008; Borregaard et al., 2016b) for eight biogeographical variables and the model output used for their evaluation. The BioGEEM generates time-series of all variables covering the entire lifespan of islands. We adopted the simplest method for calculating the rates to make these comparable to GDM predictions, given as the number of events occurring within arbitrary time intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-trends-in-species-numbers-of-four-ll04f91w.png Figure 2 Temporal trends in species numbers of four different isolation scenarios. Time-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-speciation-related-trends-a-proportion-of-all-324v299f.png Figure 3 Speciation-related trends. (a) Proportion of all endemics. (b) Proportion of anagenetic and cladogenetic endemics (in each case as a function of all species). (c) Number of radiating lineages. (d) Number of species per radiating lineage. Note the steady increase in proportion of endemics in (a), mostly due to anagenetic endemics (b), despite overall humped richness trends shown in Fig. 2. Isolation scenarios were given by changing the distance d from mainland and long-distance dispersal ability of the source pool. Time-series were averaged within environmental time steps and over 20 replicate runs. The shaded area indicates the period with maximum island size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biogeographical-rates-a-colonization-rates-b-2dmoz8si.png Figure 4 Biogeographical rates. (a) Colonization rates. (b) Extinction rates. (c) Anagenetic speciation rates. (d) Cladogenetic speciation rates. (e) Extinction rate of endemics. (f) Net rate: colonization + speciation - extinction rates. Isolation scenarios were simulated by changing the distance d from mainland and long-distance dispersal ability of the source pool. Rates are given in species per year, averaged within environmental time steps and over 20 replicate runs. The shaded area indicates the period with maximum island size. https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-the-application-of-3d-collaborative-interfaces-a7c88yfd1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistical-values-23i791vy.png Table 5. Statistical Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-profiles-of-the-evaluation-participants-3gqym75g.png Table 2: Profiles of the Evaluation Participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-asq-results-for-each-task-1d2f6z1s.png Table 4. ASQ Results for Each Task https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-three-questions-of-the-after-scenario-3adr92ur.png Table 3. The Three Questions of the After Scenario Questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-features-of-current-immersive-e-oorv62om.png Table 1. Comparison of features of current Immersive E-Learning Systems and CLEV-R https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-the-computational-complexity-of-multi-layer-1gddtk01lm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-construction-of-the-graph-g-v-e-from-graphs-g1-v-e1-3l4u0wql.png Figure 2. Construction of the graph G′ = (V ′, E′) from graphs G1 = (V , E1) and G2 = (V , E1). Black edges have weight |V| + 1 and gray dashed edges have weight |V|. The thick edges are a maximum-weight matching for G′. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-lower-half-of-the-vertex-selection-gadget-g1-2ktag5nu.png Figure 8. The lower half of the vertex selection gadget G1 for h= 5. The circles annotated with Ui or Ai,j correspond to the respective vertex set from the construction, and s1 and s2 are single vertices connected by an edge. The thick gray edges represent the edges between the two vertex sets they connect. The thick black edges indicate that all edges between the two vertex sets are present. The upper half of the gadget is symmetric and not depicted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-result-overview-k-is-the-number-of-vertices-to-3fd0qnfs.png Table 1. Result Overview; k is the number of vertices to select, is the number of layers to select, and t is the total number of layers. A graph property is vertex-partitionable if one can compute partitions of a graph into maximal components that each satisfies in polynomial time; for details see Definition 1 in Section 4. A graph property is staggered if we can build a certain gadget based on the property; see Definition 2 in Section 4 for details. For all FPT, XP, and W[1]-hardness results, we also have corresponding NP-hardness results. (In the case of vertex-partitionable graph properties, we get NP-hardness if the property is also staggered, which is the case for all properties we consider in this paper.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-lower-half-of-the-levels-of-the-validation-inli9pwv.png Figure 9. The lower half of the levels of the validation gadget G2 for h= 5. The circles annotatedwith Ai,j orDi,j correspond to the respective vertex set from the construction, and s1 and s2 are single vertices. The thick gray edges represent the edges between the two vertex sets they represent. The thick black edges indicate that all possible edges between the respective vertex sets are present. Dashed edges indicate that some vertex sets are not visualized. The higher levels of the gadget are not depicted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-parts-of-the-vertex-selection-gadget-g1-for-two-1k89o84i.png Figure 6. Parts of the vertex selection gadget G1 for two vertices u1, u2 ∈ U4, where the number of colors is h= 6 and c= 3. The normal and the dashed edges both create c-regular subgraphs. Since the color vertex w4 is contained in both subgraphs, only one of these subgraphs can be selected. The complete subgraph on VF is not depicted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-parts-of-the-validation-gadget-g2-for-c-3-h-6-and-a-18c3u5cn.png Figure 7. Parts of the validation gadget G2 for c= 3, h= 6, and a vertex u1 ∈ U4. Each vertex v(1,j) and each vertex v(i,4) with ui ∈ NH(u1)∩ Uj together with the vertices in V{u1,ui} (depicted as the small vertices) forms a complete subgraph of size c, as exemplarily visualized for v(1,2). The color verticesw1 tow6 form a complete subgraph and are not depicted. https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-some-aspects-of-factor-screening-with-nonnormal-2pdrs0urdj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-binomial-distributed-responses-obtained-from-the-25iuduvh.png Table 7: Binomial distributed responses obtained from the 13DSD , 12MinResIV and 12PB (6.1) designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-five-subset-of-factors-with-the-smallest-mse-qi834yq2.png Table 10: The five subset of factors with the smallest MSE/deviance (M/D) for all three designs with gamma distributed response values using untransformed (U), transformed (T) and GLM modelling (G) of the data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-poisson-distributed-response-values-obtained-from-2akdx0os.png Table 11: Poisson distributed response values obtained from the 13DSD , 12MinResIV and 12PB (6.1) designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-five-subset-of-factors-with-the-smallest-mse-3dcur0ji.png Table 8. The five subset of factors with the smallest MSE/deviance (M/D) for all three designs with binomial distributed response values using untransformed (U), transformed (T) and GLM modelling (G) of the data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-gamma-distributed-response-values-obtained-from-the-2sjv4vfo.png Table 9: Gamma distributed response values obtained from the 13DSD , 12MinResIV and 12PB (6.1) designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-success-proportions-from-the-simulation-study-34jslesx.png Table 13. Success proportions from the simulation study obtained with binomial distributions with n=10 and n=100, a gamma distribution and a Poisson distribution. The results are set out as a 2 2 3 3 design. Three factors are assumed active and https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-the-combination-of-design-and-way-of-handling-data-3jsuvrrj.png Table 17. The combination of design and way of handling data that gave the highest success proportion for the four distributions and the two link transformed expectation functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-five-subsets-of-factors-ranked-according-to-the-1yy2aqrp.png Table 4: The five subsets of factors ranked according to the smallest MSE for untransformed and transformed and according to the smallest deviance using GLM with canonical link for the Poisson distributed data in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-the-conservation-status-of-marine-habitats-1d13z1humw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aerial-photograph-of-the-st-martin-s-sedimentary-shore-3w0nm9g8.png Fig. 1 Aerial photograph of the St Martin's sedimentary shore indicating the areas sampled for each of the 3 biotopes: L = Lanice/Echinocardium, E = Ensis and A = Arenicola. A and L were sampled in 2000, 2004 and 2009. (Web colour, print B/W) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-specimens-of-the-clam-lutraria-lutraria-from-the-jp29jvgg.png Fig. 10. Specimens of the clam Lutraria lutraria from the “Ensis” biotope in 2009, indicating a single year-class with no recruitment in recent years. (Web colour, print B/W) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-species-contributions-to-the-average-3q4sysoe.png Table 2 Percentage species contributions to the average similarity (49.92) among replicates across all years in the “Ensis” biotope, ranked in order of importance, with a cut-off at 90% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-univariate-measures-s-number-of-species-n-number-of-shm3nffs.png Fig. 2. Univariate measures (S, number of species; N, number of individuals; Simpson, Simpson‟s evenness 1-‟ and; Delta*, taxonomic distinctness) from each biotope in each survey calculated from individual samples (mean ±s.d.). Values calculated from pooled samples are shown where these could differ markedly in behaviour from average values from replicates. https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-the-impact-of-adherence-to-non-pharmaceutical-28731t6cwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-parameters-descriptions-and-values-the-direct-3owrs1no.png Table 2: Model parameters, descriptions, and values. The direct and indirect transmission rates (βa and βav), and shedding rate ma for adherent population were derived from those of non-adherent population, respectively, using the relations in (2.0.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-indirect-transmission-rate-on-disease-1wnasq0a.png Figure 5: Effect of indirect transmission rate on disease dynamics. Total disease prevalence over time for different values of the indirect transmission rate βv and virus shedding (or surface contamination) rate m for non-adherent population. Left panel: m = 0.02 and right panel: m = 0.125. βv = 0.15 (black), βv = 0.35 (blue) and βv = 0.55 (red). All other parameters are as given in Table 2 and initial conditions are the same as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-initial-infection-on-disease-dynamics-k2pxi6ff.png Figure 6: Effect of initial infection on disease dynamics. Total disease prevalence over time showing the effect of different initial conditions on the dynamics of the diseases. The solid curves are for when the epidemic starts through a direct transmission with one infected individual in the adherent population and another in the non-adherent population, but no virus (Ia(0) = 1, I(0) = 1, and V (0) = 0). The dashed curves are for when the epidemic starts through an indirect transmission with no infected individuals in both adherent and non-adherent populations (Ia(0) = 0 and I(0) = 0) but V (0) = 1. Left panel: γ = 0.25 and γa = 0.3 and right panel: γ = 0.3 and γa = 0.25. σa = 0.5 (black), σa = 0.75 (blue) and σa = 1 (red). All other parameters are as given in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamics-of-adherent-and-non-adherent-populations-de3228y4.png Figure 4: Dynamics of adherent and non-adherent populations. Disease prevalence over time for adherent and non-adherent populations for σa = 0.5 (black), σa = 0.75 (blue) and σa = 1 (red). Top left: γ = 0 and γa = 0 with f̃ = 0.5, top right panel: γ = 0.3 and γa = 0.3, bottom left: γ = 0.25 and γa = 0.3, and bottom right: γ = 0.3 and γa = 0.25. All other parameters are as given in Table 2 and initial conditions are the same as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-seir-model-compartments-for-non-3dvv763n.png Figure 1: Schematic of the SEIR model. Compartments for non-adherent population are as follows: Susceptible (S); exposed (E); Infected (I); and recovered (R). Corresponding compartments for adherent population are with subscript a. Individuals move from non-adherence to adherence at a rate γ and vice versa at a rate γa. Black solid arrows show the flow of individuals between the compartments at rates indicated beside the arrows, while the dashed red arrows show virus shedding or contamination of surfaces by infected individuals (see (2.0.1) for more details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-adherence-to-npis-on-covid-19-epidemic-2xfqu46b.png Figure 3: Effect of adherence to NPIs on COVID-19 epidemic. The total disease prevalence over time for different values of the parameter σa (used to model reduction in virus shedding, susceptibility, and onward disease transmission for the adherent population) and the movement rates γ (non-adherence to adherence) and γa (adherence to non-adherence). Top left: γ = γa = 0 with f̃ = 0.5, top right panel: γ = γa = 0.3, bottom left: γ = 0.25 and γa = 0.3, and bottom right: γ = 0.3 and γa = 0.25. All other parameters are as given in Table 2 with initial conditions S(0) = (1 − f)N,E(0) = 0, I(0) = 1, R(0) = 0, Sa(0) = fN,Ea(0) = 0, Ia(0) = 1, Ra(0) = 0 and V (0) = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computed-control-reproduction-number-contour-plots-1xvzveco.png Figure 2: Computed control reproduction number. Contour plots of the control reproduction number (3.1.5) computed as a function of different parameters of the model. Top left: the direct transmission rate β and indirect transmission rate βv. Top right: the adherence rate γ and direct transmission rate β. Middle left: the adherence rate γ and indirect transmission rate βv. Middle right: the shedding rate for nonadherence individuals m and indirect transmission rate βv. Bottom left: the environment cleaning rate τ and indirect transmission rate βv. Bottom right: the environment cleaning rate τ and the shedding rate for non-adherence individuals m. Parameters are as given in Table 2, except when used to generate the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-variables-and-description-3sa47z5q.png Table 1: Model variables and description https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-the-value-of-action-learning-for-social-2e7wuc5qh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-biographical-details-of-the-participants-dnsj58uo.png Table 1: Biographical details of the participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-value-creation-perceived-by-the-participants-16msim1g.png Table 2: Value creation perceived by the participants https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-the-impact-of-the-2012-european-football-2asjqixjag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-construction-output-percentage-deviations-from-the-1qrkxmem.png Figure 12 Construction output – percentage deviations from the benchmark scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-economic-effects-of-uefa-efc-in-portugal-austria-399kanu2.png Table 4 The economic effects of UEFA EFC in Portugal, Austria, Switzerland, and Poland https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-composition-of-investment-outlays-related-to-efc-1zklcm6a.png Figure 2 Composition of investment outlays related to EFC 2012 according to the Masterplan https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cumulative-effects-of-euro-2012-2d8ia6vy.png Table 3 Cumulative effects of EURO 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-gdp-deviations-from-the-benchmark-scenario-pln-2yqqig6w.png Figure 9 GDP – deviations from the benchmark scenario (PLN billion, constant 2009 prices) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-economic-effects-of-the-efc-2012-organisation-2k60zg6q.png Figure 1 Economic effects of the EFC 2012 organisation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-employment-deviations-from-the-benchmark-scenario-j0l62044.png Figure 10 Employment – deviations from the benchmark scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-additional-inbound-tourism-revenues-in-2012-2020-1ic4h4hn.png Table 1 Additional inbound tourism revenues in 2012–2020 https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-treatment-outcomes-in-multiple-sclerosis-trials-44zhep4ft9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-clinical-outcome-measures-in-phase-iii-trials-in-1sk0ew85.png Table 3: Clinical outcome measures in phase III trials in progressive MS https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-phase-ii-and-3-trials-which-used-spinal-cord-mri-ibh9ryuk.png Table 7: Phase II and 3 trials which used spinal cord MRI outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-patient-reported-outcome-measures-used-as-phase-2pcammln.png Table 2. Main patient-reported outcome measures used as phase III trial endpoints https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-new-summary-of-the-strengths-and-weaknesses-of-the-3hyt5fex.png Table 4 (New): Summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the main outcome measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-relapse-related-and-progression-related-outcome-u3yw8k2c.png Table 1. Main relapse-related and progression-related outcome measures used in phase III trials https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-outcome-measures-in-phase-iii-trials-in-3815pawh.png Table 2. Main patient-reported outcome measures used as phase III trial endpoints https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-mri-outcome-measures-used-in-phase-iii-trials-15mflgt5.png Table 3: Clinical outcome measures in phase III trials in progressive MS https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-blasting-induced-effects-on-medical-316-lvm-2wx8gyyouz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-magnetic-signature-of-unblasted-and-blasted-316lvm-1grgz4bw.png Figure 6.- Magnetic signature of unblasted and blasted 316LVM stainless steel samples by non contacting means. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-microhardness-measurements-of-a-alumina-and-b-3rhccvwl.png Figure 3.- Microhardness measurements of a) Alumina and b) Zirconia blasted 316LVM stainless steel samples before annealing at 700ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-microhardness-values-of-a-alumina-and-b-zirconia-3upunk53.png Figure 4.- Microhardness values of a) Alumina and b) Zirconia blasted 316LVM stainless steel samples before and after annealing at 700ºC for several times https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-section-sem-images-of-zirconia-blasted-316lvm-2i3ecalf.png Figure 2.- Cross section SEM images of Zirconia blasted 316LVM stainless steel samples a) before and b) after annealing at 700ºC for 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-tep-measurements-of-unblasted-and-blasted-18rbudlc.png Figure 5.- Relative TEP measurements of unblasted and blasted 316LVM stainless steel samples by contacting means. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-section-sem-images-of-alumina-blasted-316lvm-31c2zify.png Figure 1.- Cross section SEM images of Alumina blasted 316LVM stainless steel samples a) before and b) after annealing at 700ºC for 1 h. https://scispace.com/papers/assessing-value-co-creation-and-value-capture-potential-in-2gf04d9an3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-shared-meaning-across-knowledgeable-informants-1phucc7b.png Figure 6. Shared meaning across knowledgeable informants, induced by individual world-views, harmonized and legitimized by institutional forces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-value-sharing-challenges-cgrypg8u.png Table 8. Value sharing challenges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-price-in-relation-with-customers-net-benefits-and-fv1do78k.png Figure 2. Price in relation with customer’s net benefits and supplier cost. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-value-creation-value-capture-and-superior-qmx8ko9a.png Figure 1. Value creation, value capture and superior performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-organizational-process-context-of-the-dissertation-5omerx3u.png Figure 3. Organizational process context of the dissertation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sources-of-economic-value-3eky18jx.png Figure 8. Sources of economic value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sources-dimensions-impact-and-outcome-of-customer-2p5op2ih.png Figure 7. Sources, dimensions, impact, and outcome of customer value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-conceptual-model-with-antecedents-and-consequences-1q74w1kl.png Figure 10. Conceptual model with antecedents and consequences of first significant sale. https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-climate-change-impacts-on-soil-water-balance-1mlyx08pm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-water-balance-results-general-linear-model-1yj39wc7.png Table 5. The water balance results. General Linear Model univariate results using two factors: (1) period: considering one average year per decade (3 years/period/scenario) during each periods (1961-1990, 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2099) and (2) scenarios (A2-high and B2low). Mean ± standard error; N=3; Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-the-observed-data-from-the-agost-8ka1wua8.png Table 1. Comparison between the observed data from the Agost-Escuela and Novelda 39 meteorological station and the databases for the baseline period for the GCMs. Results of the 40 non-parametric test, multiple pair-wise comparisons of the Kruskal-Wallis test and the post 41 hoc Wilcoxon pairs comparison. Mean±standard error. For each climatic variable, the values 42 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-results-of-the-gcms-for-the-study-2jvo4u2w.png Table 2. A comparison results of the GCMs for the study period (2011-2099; N=90). 82 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-annual-precipitation-during-the-baseline-period-1961-1m0jdr0p.png Fig. 2. Annual precipitation during the baseline period (1961-1990) and the future period (2011-2099). The HadCM3 model output data for the A2-high (grey bar) and B2-low (black bar) scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-precipitation-and-air-temperatures-for-the-study-1bqvu45m.png Table 3. Precipitation and air temperatures for the study period of the HadCM3 model. General Linear Model univariate results using two 110 factors: periods (1961-1990, 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2099) and emission scenarios (A2-high and B2-low). Mean ± standard error; N 111 period = 30, N scenario = 30; Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. 112 113 114 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-annual-maximum-and-minimum-temperatures-during-2r2a5hb7.png Fig. 3. Mean annual (maximum and minimum) temperatures during the baseline period (1961-1990) and the future period (2011-2099). The HadCM3 model output data for the A2high (grey line) and B2-low (black line) scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-water-balance-results-for-climate-change-in-the-234k9kti.png Table 4. The water balance results for climate change in the A2-high and B2-low scenarios 122 from HadCM3 between the baseline period and future years. 123 124 https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-knowledge-attitude-and-practices-among-540pv2z6eo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-associated-with-kap-among-the-ashas-of-2e9xo3lw.png Table 4: Factors associated with KAP among the ASHAs of Tripura https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kap-towards-covid-19-of-the-ashas-according-to-their-3pjzmdyv.png Table 3: KAP towards COVID-19 of the ASHAs according to their socio-demographic features https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-features-of-studied-participants-n-1sx56iuj.png Table 1: Socio-demographic features of studied participants (N=210) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-knowledge-attitude-and-practices-kap-towards-covid-it4dx746.png Table 2: Knowledge attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among the ASHAs of Tripura https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-fearfulness-towards-covid-19-among-the-ashas-1j3qa0m8.png Table 6: Fearfulness towards COVID-19 among the ASHAs https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-contribution-of-contemporary-carbon-sources-to-4nuctqfr96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-concentrations-g-m3-of-organic-carbon-oc-and-3sse4w2f.png Figure 14. Concentrations (g/m3) of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in size-resolved PM samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-concentrations-g-m3-and-composition-of-size-39hava68.png Figure 11. Concentrations (g/m3) and composition of size-resolved PM collected during Phase II-3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-concentrations-of-total-and-carbonaceous-particle-257zfter.png Table 3. Concentrations of total and carbonaceous particle and content of modern and fossil carbon in samples collected for Phase II-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentrations-of-total-and-carbonaceous-particle-34ocjf5b.png Table 2. Concentrations of total and carbonaceous particle and content of modern and fossil carbon in samples collected for Phase I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-concentrations-g-m3-and-composition-of-time-36katgkq.png Figure 12. Concentrations (g/m3) and composition of time-resolved PM10 samples collected during Phases I and II-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-concentrations-ng-m3-of-pahs-in-time-resolved-pm10-5dj7k2kd.png Table 6. Concentrations (ng/m3) of PAHs in time-resolved PM10 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-size-resolved-pm-a-1-0-1-8-m-b-0-56-1-0-m-c-0-18-0-37em6acw.png Figure 6. Size-resolved PM (A: 1.0-1.8 m, B: 0.56-1.0 m, C: 0.18-0.32 m, D: 0.10- 0.18 m) deposited on aluminum foil substrates collected from the Del Paso Manor School site in Sacramento, CA in November (Phase I) 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pm10-samples-a-morning-b-afternoon-c-overnight-3u7nmq5i.png Figure 7. PM10 samples (A: morning, B: afternoon, C: overnight) collected from a Del Paso Manor School site in November (Phase I) 2007. https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-destruction-conditions-of-the-long-term-3aweqrxjqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-439hmwoc.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-representation-of-the-through-corrosion-1vxq053e.png Figure 5. Schematic representation of the through corrosion-fatigue crack (1) in the pipe wall and the consequences of gas pipeline accidents caused by its longitudinal development (2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-example-of-a-catastrophic-destruction-of-1z2vxzam.png Figure 1. A typical example of a catastrophic destruction of the 1420 mm diameter pipe of the main gas pipeline Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhorod (2007 near the compession station Ilyintsy) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-diagram-of-deformation-of-specimens-from-the-q0ewj6gb.png Figure 6. Diagram of deformation of specimens from the fragment of gas pipeline pipe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-view-of-the-19g-steel-specimen-1-with-a-1pfmw64h.png Figure 2. General view of the 19G steel specimen (1) with a rectangular cross section (2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-determination-of-the-area-of-the-deformed-specimen-2mee1zwo.png Figure 4. Determination of the area of the deformed specimen S https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagram-of-p-f-deformation-emc53133.png Figure 3. Diagram of P-f deformation https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-myocardial-ischemia-through-high-frequency-19oy5vxm04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-frequency-regions-of-interest-1yndrghc.png Figure 2: Time-frequency regions of interest. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exponential-noise-decay-and-similar-noise-beat-3e565k2w.png Figure 1. Exponential noise decay and similar noise beat selection: patient number 10 (Staff-3 database) [µV]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-energy-in-the-rca-and-rca-lad-lcx-groups-with-2j3pi1hg.png Table 1. Total energy in the RCA and RCA+LAD+LCX groups with significant statistical difference. https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-seawater-intrusion-to-the-agricultural-3dqhxq620x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-carey-island-s-land-use-in-1974-and-in-modern-day-note-1kjvy86t.png Fig. 4 Carey Island's land use, in 1974 and in modern day (note the large area covered by palm oil trees in modern day; mangrove deforestation exposed the coastal area; the large palm oil cultivation area in the south is present day) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-higher-groundwater-tables-observed-at-mw-12-followed-2zhpvszg.png Fig. 8 Higher groundwater tables observed at MW 12, followed by MW13, MW6, MW 14, MW11, MW5, MW7 and MW10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-higher-tds-values-contradict-with-the-sequent-of-2khdtr03.png Fig. 9 Higher TDS values contradict with the sequent of higher groundwater tables in monitoring wells as shown in Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-hydro-geochemical-analysis-of-mihzo7e5.png Table 2 Results for hydro-geochemical analysis of groundwater; water samples taken on 30 May 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sub-surface-profile-c-c-cross-section-of-the-area-1tfld8pk.png Fig. 7 Sub-surface profile (C–C′ cross section) of the area studied showing unconfined and semi-confined aquifers; note the shell fragments found at MW12 and MW5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-earth-resistivity-versus-water-resistivity-1pxpq5eh.png Fig. 11 Earth resistivity versus water resistivity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-empirical-relationship-between-tds-and-earth-g6vigule.png Fig. 12 Empirical relationship between TDS and earth resistivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geo-electrical-and-hydrogeological-data-used-for-18yqi3jf.png Table 3 Geo-electrical and hydrogeological data used for empirical relationships between earth resistivity and water resistivity and between TDS and earth resistivity https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-the-failure-behaviour-and-reliability-of-2qycb3fiit 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplification-of-failure-modes-of-the-eym-for-a-uyujgq32.png Figure 1: Simplification of failure modes of the EYM for a symmetric half of a dowelled timber-steel-timber connection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-the-test-series-load-carrying-capacity-ru-3tc73tff.png Table 6: Results of the test series. Load-carrying capacity Ru,mean,420 is normalized for a density of ρ = 420kg/m2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-characteristics-of-material-parameters-un45yl7r.png Table 3: Distribution characteristics of material parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-between-material-properties-values-31-hbmiwv8h.png Table 4: Correlation between material properties values [31]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yield-strength-fy-and-tensile-strength-fu-in-25s49b1g.png Table 2: Yield strength fy and tensile strength fu in dependency of steel grades for a CoV = 4% and lognormal distr. properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-between-embedment-strength-parameters-2dajwnyj.png Table 5: Correlation between embedment strength parameters according to [25]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geometry-of-the-dowelled-connections-with-slotted-16hnlkws.png Figure 5: Geometry of the dowelled connections with slotted in metal steel plates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-impact-of-spacing-a1-on-load-deformation-behaviour-2g1ch5i0.png Figure 6: Impact of spacing a1 on load-deformation behaviour for a3 = 5d. https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-the-lodging-industry-profitability-performance-22ejoct426 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ratio-between-independent-hotels-and-chain-13v3t7wb.png Figure 1. The ratio between independent hotels and chain hotels assessed by the Gross Profit Margin (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sample-key-data-2diijq31.png Table 4. Sample key data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-benchmarking-in-average-mean-of-the-sampled-hotels-34ji7fkm.png Table 5. Benchmarking in average mean of the sampled hotels’ key indicators (2008-2011) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-ratio-between-independent-hotels-and-chain-1qmllpu6.png Figure 4. The ratio between independent hotels and chain hotels assessed by the EBITDA Margin (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-ratio-between-independent-hotels-and-chain-2bzk6946.png Figure 3. The ratio between independent hotels and chain hotels assessed by the Net Profit Margin (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ratio-between-independent-hotels-and-chain-1mhzqrqj.png Figure 2. The ratio between independent hotels and chain hotels assessed by the Operating Profit Margin (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hotel-supply-in-greece-2008-2011-287tv6qi.png Table 1. Hotel supply in Greece (2008-2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-benchmarking-in-profitability-indicators-between-the-jhrjbuv5.png Table 6. Benchmarking in profitability indicators between the sampled hotels whose profit performances exceed the average mean (2009) https://scispace.com/papers/assessment-of-the-uniqueness-of-wind-tunnel-strain-gage-440r3bhpic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-four-typical-uniqueness-test-results-fvwkonqu.png Table 1: List of four typical uniqueness test results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-description-of-an-unloaded-and-loaded-2fobpzv0.png Fig. 1 Simplified description of an “unloaded” and “loaded” single–piece balance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-description-of-an-unloaded-and-loaded-multi-4alwk7u5.png Fig. 2 Simplified description of an “unloaded” and “loaded” multi–piece force balance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recommended-use-of-the-regressors-for-the-fit-of-a-3ia3c65w.png Table 4: Recommended use of the regressors for the fit of a load component. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5b-calibration-of-a-strain-gage-balance-model-structure-2hryjbmr.png Fig. 5b Calibration of a strain–gage balance (model structure = calibration body, rod, weight pan, weights). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-absolute-load-datum-of-a-strain-gage-balance-36yden2m.png Fig. 5b Calibration of a strain–gage balance (model structure = calibration body, rod, weight pan, weights). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regressor-choices-for-the-analysis-of-a-balance-load-5orrrlus.png Table 3: Regressor choices for the analysis of a balance load component. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regressor-choices-for-the-regression-analysis-of-a-3u9847nc.png Table 5: Regressor choices for the regression analysis of a bridge output. https://scispace.com/papers/asset-returns-the-business-cycle-and-the-labor-market-vcvvapxdi1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-2-summary-of-results-us-calibration-yw8mqjf2.png Table B.2 Summary of Results - US Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-benchmark-calibration-3fn4cpu2.png Table 2.1 Benchmark calibration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-stochastic-discount-factor-and-return-on-equity-2dee7piv.png Figure 2.1: Stochastic Discount Factor and Return on Equity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-summary-of-results-r2fs031a.png Table 1.1 Summary of Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-second-moments-from-the-model-with-predetermined-awxmwzw1.png Table 2.2 Second Moments from the Model with Predetermined Hours https://scispace.com/papers/asset-return-dynamics-under-habits-and-bad-environment-good-24qgc7gnw8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-asset-price-cross-moments-wr8lrtcg.png Table 8: Asset Price Cross Moments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-asset-pricing-model-calibrations-3e5ea5xw.png Table 4: Asset Pricing Model Calibrations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consumption-growth-conditional-moments-14p5dk1m.png Figure 1: Consumption growth conditional moments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-consumption-growth-tail-probabilities-d9kwvc0g.png Figure 5: Consumption growth tail probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pricing-bad-and-good-environment-shocks-d6x8bdb4.png Figure 4: Pricing bad- and good-environment shocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-univariate-equity-price-statistics-15iimkmq.png Table 5: Univariate Equity Price Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dependence-of-asset-prices-on-n-and-s-1bsus2nb.png Figure 8: Dependence of asset prices on n and s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-bege-distribution-2rg63xgm.png Figure 3: The BEGE Distribution https://scispace.com/papers/assigning-routes-and-wavelengths-for-collaboration-over-7dpi9tcktn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-ilp1-and-ilp2-nsf-l-4-omeqezaa.png Fig. 4 Comparison of ILP1 and ILP2. (NSF, λ = 4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-ilps-1n62sogx.png Table 1 Description of ILPs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-number-of-iterations-and-time-to-reschedule-blocked-3ar04h5p.png Fig. 7 Number of iterations and time to reschedule blocked sessions. (HSVO, λ = 4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hsvonet-2jwnmvrd.png Fig. 1 HSVONET https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-online-and-the-offline-ilp2-18u5yza5.png Table 3 Comparison of the online and the offline (ILP2) approaches https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-exponential-solving-time-ilp1-hsvo-l-8-1akw7gok.png Fig. 5 Exponential solving time. ILP1. (HSVO, λ = 8) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-ilp2-ilp4-ilp6-and-ilp8-average-solving-3i39jd3g.png Fig. 6 Comparison of ILP2, ILP4, ILP6, and ILP8. Average solving time. (EON, λ = 4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-average-solving-times-of-ilp1-ilp2-3vl7akxx.png Fig. 2 Comparison of the average solving times of ILP1, ILP2, ILP3 and ILP4. (NSF, λ = 4) https://scispace.com/papers/assignment-of-novel-functions-to-helicobacter-pylori-26695-s-3dcnrdzv3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confidence-levels-of-function-assignments-to-total-3avdz5qe.png Table 2 Confidence levels of function assignments to total CDS and CDS with new functions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-cds-according-to-functional-category-29py4yz0.png Table 1 Distribution of CDS according to functional category https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-re-annotation-pipeline-for-manual-inspection-of-each-2htqntr7.png Fig. 1 Re-annotation pipeline for manual inspection of each gene candidate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-enzyme-encoding-genes-classification-1vcru43j.png Table 3 Enzyme encoding genes classification https://scispace.com/papers/assistive-smart-cane-ascane-for-fall-detection-first-mt88xnsvh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-indicators-of-fall-detection-algorithms-36cxt8hk.png Table 4. Performance Indicators of fall detection algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-threshold-values-for-the-different-fixed-threshold-pznh7rms.png Table 1. Threshold values for the different fixed threshold fall detection algorithms [9–11]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-activities-simulated-with-the-ascane-prototype-3q350qca.png Table 3. Activities simulated with the ASCane Prototype -----Activity Description------ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-different-fixed-threshold-algorithms-implemented-88pmtb57.png Fig. 2. Three different fixed threshold algorithms implemented into the ASCane. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-performance-indicators-of-the-fall-detection-1zmqd9su.png Table 7. Performance Indicators of the fall detection algorithm proposed by Otanasap et al. [13] tested with different FT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-fall-possibility-computed-by-the-algorithm-proposed-xdwutgqg.png Fig. 7. a) Fall possibility computed by the algorithm proposed by [13] during an ADL trial b)ADLacc of the same trial. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-self-adaptive-threshold-algorithm-presented-by-1wt9jyu5.png Fig. 3. Self Adaptive Threshold Algorithm presented by Otanasap et al. [13] https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-performance-indicators-of-the-fall-detection-1pbm0c4t.png Table 6. Performance indicators of the fall detection algorithm proposed by Bourke et al. [9] tested only with a single lower threshold https://scispace.com/papers/association-between-high-serum-favipiravir-concentrations-2xdymz7wnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variations-of-favipiravir-concentrations-versus-1mvhjhrn.png Figure 2. Variations of favipiravir concentrations versus time plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boxplots-of-cmin-of-the-patients-with-and-without-1rhydg5a.png Figure 1. Boxplots of Cmin of the patients with and without favipiravir-induced liver injury. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariable-analysis-of-clinical-characteristics-aihr1xda.png Table 2. Univariable analysis of clinical characteristics between patients with or without favipiravir-induced liver injury. https://scispace.com/papers/association-between-perceived-social-support-and-15o2ddqilp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-of-participants-2g87e1zr.png Table 2. Means and Standard deviations of participants’ responses on social support’s dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-burnout-and-perceived-social-16sxfp6b.png Table 3. Correlations between burnout and perceived social support https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-of-participants-2mf1so4q.png Table 1. Means and Standard deviations of participants’ responses on burnout dimensions https://scispace.com/papers/association-between-tumor-mutation-burden-tmb-and-immune-2grdiqfwvv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3eet30j8.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1hgyn6h5.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2x9wgrf2.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2tkk380y.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-l0g0idej.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-kxt259xd.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differential-expressed-genes-between-low-tmb-and-94tnrj7l.png Table 1 Differential expressed genes between low TMB and high TMB groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3djr53sa.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/association-of-a-hydrophobically-modified-polyelectrolyte-4jdb4kd7oq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absorption-spectra-of-paamepy55-in-aqueous-solution-2b0smtrw.png Figure 1. Absorption spectra of PAAMePy55 in aqueous solution, with and without P123, at pH 3.6 (A and B), and dependence of the PA parameter on P123 concentration (C). The solid line in C is a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dependence-of-the-excimer-to-monomer-ie-im-ratio-on-31xwgpyy.png Figure 3. Dependence of the excimer-to-monomer (IE/IM) ratio on the concentration of the P123 block copolymer in an aqueous solution of PAAMePy55 obtained at three different excitation wavelengths at 40 °C: 315 (O), 335 (9), and 350 nm (]), at pH 3.6 (A), pH 5 (B), and pH 9 (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-emission-spectra-of-pyrene-and-paamepy55-in-the-36i8gt5y.png Figure 2. Emission spectra of pyrene and PAAMePy55 in the presence of P123 (A). Variation of the IE/IM (B) and I1/I3 (C) ratios with the P123 concentration at different pH values and at 40 °C. The variation of the I1/I3 ratio of the pure P123 block copolymer, using pyrene (C ) 4 × 10-7 M) as an external probe is shown as inset in C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fluorescence-parameters-i-e-the-fluorescence-decay-10sy34kp.png TABLE 2: Fluorescence Parameters, i.e. the Fluorescence Decay Times (τi) and the Normalized Amplitudes (ai1, ai2, ai3, and ai0 with i ) 1, 2), Taken from the Individual Analyses of the Fluorescence Decays of the PAAMePy55 Polymer with Different Concentrations of P123, at pH 9 and 40 °Ca https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-excitation-spectra-collected-at-the-monomer-lem-374-1lyscb5y.png Figure 4. Excitation spectra collected at the monomer (λem ) 374 nm) and excimer (λem ) 520 nm) emission wavelength, for a PAAMePy55 solution with 1 × 10-8 (A) and 1 × 10-3 M (B) of P123, at pH 3.6 and at 40 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fluorescence-decay-of-paamepy55-in-the-presence-of-1gy8i3j8.png Figure 6. Fluorescence decay of PAAMePy55 in the presence of P123 (CP123 ) 1 × 10-6 M), at pH 3.6 and at 40 °C, in the monomer (375 nm) and in the excimer (520 nm) emission regions, obtained through global analysis, and excitation wavelength at 339 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/association-of-il-8-251t-a-rs4073-polymorphism-with-2k6w3e7zmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-for-association-of-il-8-251t-a-2xtlzvmh.png FIGURE 2. Forest plot for association of IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism and gastric cancer. B: in Asians (AA vs TT). C: in Chinese (AA+AT vs TT). D: in Brazilian (AT vs TT). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-literature-search-and-selection-1xoz1gbe.png FIGURE 1. Flowchart of literature search and selection process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-beggs-funnel-of-the-eggers-test-for-publication-f5012ggl.png FIGURE 3. Begg’s funnel of the Egger’s test for publication bias test before (Blue) and after (Red) Trim-and-Fill method for association of IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism with gastric cancer under homozygote model (AA vs TT). Each point represents a separate study for the indicated association. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-studies-included-in-the-meta-2s1kkucd.png TABLE 1. Main characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-meta-analysis-for-association-between-il-1hakitx9.png TABLE 2. Summary of meta-analysis for association between IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism and gastric cancer risk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-for-association-of-il-8-251t-a-350m3vlc.png FIGURE 2. Forest plot for association of IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism and gastric cancer. B: in Asians (AA vs TT). C: in Chinese (AA+AT vs TT). D: in Brazilian (AT vs TT). https://scispace.com/papers/association-of-nicotine-metabolism-and-sex-with-relapse-4t8rnc92ej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-between-nicotine-metabolism-and-sex-1o4n2uwv.png Table 2: Distribution between nicotine metabolism and sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-population-included-in-the-36vyzu8g.png Table 1: Description of the population included in the analysis of a 100% and a 90% of CPD decrease https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-study-participants-according-to-the-1kzkwqva.png Table 3: Distribution of study participants according to the binary variable: no relapse (status = 0) and relapse (status = 1), treatment, sex, nicotine metabolism phenotypically determined and nicotine metabolism genetically determined. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adjusted-hazard-ratios-of-relapse-for-a-100-and-a-90-ndlmnqbx.png Table 4: Adjusted hazard ratios of relapse for a 100% and a 90% of CPD decrease in the overall sample and in subgroups: normal metabolizers, slow metabolizers, men and women. https://scispace.com/papers/association-of-postpartum-depressive-symptoms-and-urinary-2n62je6gkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-de-novo-urinary-incontinence-at-4-months-postpartum-32eeao6e.png Table 1. De novo urinary incontinence at 4 months postpartum and severity by https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-de-novo-urinary-incontinence-4-months-postpartum-and-38t79zei.png Table 3. De novo urinary incontinence 4 months postpartum and depressive symptoms at https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-factors-of-de-novo-urinary-incontinence-ui-at-4-237scf4s.png Table 2. Risk factors of de novo urinary incontinence (UI) at 4 months postpartum. https://scispace.com/papers/associations-between-cognitive-complaints-memory-performance-29l3v9u7yr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistical-outcome-of-the-glmm-seeking-for-2eay2447.png Table 3. Statistical outcome of the GLMM seeking for associations between cognitive https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatter-plots-visualizing-the-associations-between-dtyciv2e.png Figure 1. Scatter plots visualizing the associations between cognitive complaints (higher score refers to worse cognitive difficulties) and A: Memory performance (higher is better); B: Affective state (higher is worse); C: Aβ accumulation in global brain mask (higher means worse); D: Education (higher is better). Simple regressions were used for visual display only, and not as a substitute for the full GLMM statistics. https://scispace.com/papers/association-of-sars-cov-2-clades-with-clinical-inflammatory-1rnictp1r3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratios-of-candidate-predictors-for-a-hypoxia-2kt9lpxp.png Table 2 Odds ratios of candidate predictors for (a) hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen from Firth’s logistic regression analysis, and (b) clinical outcome ordered from mild infection to critical illness and/or death frommultivariable ordinal logistic regressiony. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plasma-immune-mediator-levels-of-covid-19-patients-12xyownz.png Fig. 2. Plasma immune mediator levels of COVID-19 patients infected with different SARS-Co microbead-based immunoassay. (a) Heatmap of immune mediator levels in plasma sample n = 10; clade G, n = 22; clades L and V, n = 46) during first collection timepoint upon hospita concentration of a particular analyte. Blue and red indicates low and high concentration, re with different SARS-CoV-2 clades at the first collection timepoint upon hospital admission a first collection timepoint during hospital admission (median 5 days from symptom onset) way ANOVA followed by post-hoc t-test with Bonferroni correction was performed on th Immune mediator levels for healthy controls (n = 23) are indicated by the black dotted line. P of logarithm transformation of Limit of Quantification (For interpretation of the references to https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-319-genotyped-covid-19-cases-1ax6kkym.png Table 1. Characteristics of 319 genotyped COVID-19 cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kinetics-of-viral-replication-of-16-sars-cov-2-virus-u8etk3ed.png Fig. 3. Kinetics of viral replication of 16 SARS-CoV-2 virus isolates up to 96 h post- https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-risk-of-onward-transmission-i-e-any-1rqvi5qc.png Table 3. Relative risk of onward transmission (i.e. any secondary transmission) by clade amongst non-dormitory cases with genotyped and inferred clades (n = 587). https://scispace.com/papers/associations-of-physical-activity-and-sedentary-time-with-4oyhk1fz66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-sectional-associations-of-sedentary-time-with-oigvc7zx.png Figure 2. Cross-sectional associations of sedentary time with 30 serum lipoprotein measures (N = 880). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cross-sectional-associations-of-30-serum-2wosjbuj.png Figure 3. Cross-sectional associations of 30 serum lipoprotein measures with an isotemporal substitution of 30 minutes time spent in MVPA for 30 minutes of sedentary time (N = 880). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-included-rkgsmfj2.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the included participants. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-sectional-associations-of-time-spent-in-mvpa-yc7oz1f6.png Figure 4. Cross-sectional associations of time spent in MVPA with 30 serum lipoprotein measures adjusted for sedentary time (N = 880). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-sectional-associations-of-time-spent-in-mvpa-1g6iup7r.png Figure 1. Cross-sectional associations of time spent in MVPA with 30 serum lipoprotein measures (N = 880). https://scispace.com/papers/associations-between-neighborhood-perceptions-and-mental-3z1sxlqtxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-n-6134-2gsmuzv8.png Table 1. Participant characteristics (N = 6134) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regressing-follow-up-hedonic-well-being-on-baseline-1yvqdnr7.png Table 5. Regressing follow-up hedonic well-being on baseline scores of neighborhood disorder and covariates (N = 6134) a https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regressing-baseline-evaluative-well-being-on-scores-29dhmzxt.png Table 4. Regressing baseline evaluative well-being on scores of neighborhood disorder and covariates (N = 6134) a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regressing-baseline-eudaimonic-well-being-on-scores-cwsyl9x0.png Table 3. Regressing baseline eudaimonic well-being on scores of neighborhood disorder and covariates (N = 6134) a https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regressing-follow-up-evaluative-well-being-on-1b9un7a8.png Table 7. Regressing follow-up evaluative well-being on baseline scores of neighborhood disorder (N =6134) a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regressing-baseline-hedonic-well-being-on-scores-of-wld3auwk.png Table 2. Regressing baseline hedonic well-being on scores of neighborhood disorder and covariates (N = 6134) a https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regressing-follow-up-eudaimonic-well-being-on-x02c8m65.png Table 6. Regressing follow-up eudaimonic well-being on baseline scores of neighborhood disorder and covariates (N = 6134) a https://scispace.com/papers/assortativity-evolving-from-social-dilemmas-57o9ar1prn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-payoff-matrix-of-a-social-dilemma-2tth0rrx.png Table 1: The payoff matrix of a social dilemma https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-full-dynamics-for-a-prisoners-dilemma-with-r-0-26iny2n3.png Figure 5: Top: Full dynamics for a Prisoners’ Dilemma with r = 0.80, a =−0.60 for different values of speed s . Higher speeds of the α-dynamics lead to a larger basin of attraction of the full equilibrium x1 and to higher robustness of full assortativity. Bottom: Full dynamics for a Snowdrift game with r = 0.52, a = 0.12 for different values of speed s . Higher speeds of the α-dynamics lead to a higher basin of attraction of the full equilibrium x0 and to loweer robustness of full assortativity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-types-of-social-dilemmas-284vao7p.png Figure 1: Types of social dilemmas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-social-dilemma-classification-200w5dk5.png Table 2: Social dilemma classification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-maximum-eigenvalue-of-the-jacobian-matrix-15kwydsk.png Figure 4: Maximum eigenvalue of the Jacobian matrix calculated at the interior rest point for social dilemmas with z (r )> 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-robustness-of-full-assortativity-the-white-line-25r1gbcy.png Figure 3: Robustness of full assortativity. The white line separates the cases where full/null assortativity is more robust (% = 0.5). The figures are obtained by numerically integrating the system of differential equations (1) and (8) for each social dilemma (r, a ) and finding the highest λ for which λx0 + (1−λ)x1 is in the basin of attraction of x1 using a grid search algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-principal-patterns-that-result-from-the-full-5luqthq4.png Figure 2: The principal patterns that result from the full dynamics for the different types of social dilemmas when the relative speed of the dynamic processes is s = 1. Black dots indicate the full equilibria. The figures are obtained by plotting the direction of the (α̇, ẋ ) vector as given by equations (1) and (8). https://scispace.com/papers/astronomical-dating-of-a-tectonic-rotation-on-sicily-and-18eitcruo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-directions-of-chrm-components-the-secca-grande-3vt2mfsp.png Fig. 6. Mean directions of ChRM-components (the Secca Grande set) are shown in an equal-area projection, indicating a 9º differential clockwise rotation; K D Kaena (N D 34, k D 140:7, Þ95 D 2:1); N D normal, C2An.2n (N D 58, k D 161:6, Þ95 D 1:5); M D Mammoth (N D 35, k D 166:9, Þ95 D 1:9) see also Figs. 4 and 7. Dec (inc) indicates declination (inclination); combined Kaena and normal: declination 22.4º, inclination 49.7º; N D 92, k D 103, Þ95 D 1:5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-declinations-of-the-chrm-directions-of-the-secca-1r1uem84.png Fig. 7. Declinations of the ChRM directions of the Secca Grande detail set (see also Figs. 4 and 6). Shaded bands are the mean directions with their Þ95 for the Mammoth subchron and the normal C Kaena subchrons, respectively. Open symbols indicate the low-intensity samples; circles are the inverted ChRM directions. Lithological column see caption Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structural-map-of-sicily-with-the-sections-studied-29q1co8z.png Fig. 1. Structural map of Sicily with the sections studied: Secca Grande, Punta Secca, and Punta Piccola. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-schematic-image-of-the-geodynamic-process-accounting-1vdubs3f.png Fig. 10. Schematic image of the geodynamic process accounting for compression on Sicily and extension in the foreland as a result of acceleration in opening in the Tyrrhenian Sea. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ages-of-oldest-marine-sediments-overlying-the-basement-2ba7e326.png Fig. 9. Ages of oldest marine sediments overlying the basement versus distance in km throughout the Tyrrhenian Sea are shown. Location of ODP sites from Leg 107. Note that rapid intervals of opening correspond to the location of the Vavilov and Marsili basins. Sites (ages) are based on re-dating of results from Kastens et al. (1987) and Flores et al. (1992) and are as follows: Site 654 (7.89 Ma), 653* (5.9 Ma), 652* (5.95–5.23 Ma), 656* (5.6–5.02 Ma), 655 (3.98–4.52 Ma), 651 (4.1–3.6 Ma) and 650 (2.0–1.8 Ma); * D no basement recovered, and therefore represents minimum age. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-equal-area-projections-after-bedding-correction-37xdvb6v.png Fig. 8. The equal-area projections (after bedding correction) show the anisotropy of the sections with kmin (circles) and kmax (squares). Arrow indicates compression direction. https://scispace.com/papers/asymmetric-inner-wedge-group-sequential-tests-with-43paaws1c0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-values-of-100xg-attained-by-optimal-three-stage-iw-1jj85c6l.png Figure 3. Values of 100×G attained by optimal three-stage IW GSTs minimising F with α = 0.1, β = 0.2, δL = log(0.7), δU = log(1.25), Imax = 102.46 and where interim analyses are scheduled according to information sequence (13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stopping-rules-and-expected-information-on-1soc7f3i.png Figure 1. Stopping rules and expected information on termination of three-stage error spending IW GSTs and optimal versions minimising F when: (a) - (b) δL = log(0.7) and Imax = 102.46; (c) - (d) δL = log(0.5) and Imax = 96.802. All tests are designed and conducted with α = 0.1, β = 0.2, δU = log(1.25) and for information sequence (7). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bayesian-predictive-probabilities-assuming-th-sn-0-2im7gmdm.png Table 1. Bayesian predictive probabilities assuming θ ∼ SN(0.134, 0.063,−1.913). Probabilities are evaluated at the boundaries of an error spending IW GST. Figures in parentheses are corresponding probabilities for an optimal IW GST minimising F . Both tests are designed and conducted with K = 3, α = 0.1, β = 0.2, δL = log(0.7), δU = log(1.25), Imax = 102.46 and information sequence (7) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-values-of-f-achieved-by-three-stage-error-2lkh28ni.png Figure 2. a): Values of F achieved by three-stage error spending and optimal IW GSTs of H0 : θ ≤ δL or θ ≥ δU expressed as a percentage of Ifix; b) Type I error rate at θ = δL attained by error spending IW GSTs. For each pair (δL, δU ), version (i) of the optimal test has type I error rate α; version (ii) controls the type I error rate at the level attained by the error spending test. All tests are designed and conducted for information sequence (7) setting δU = log(1.25), α = 0.1 and β = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operating-characteristics-of-three-stage-error-2zt4leke.png Table 2. Operating characteristics of three-stage error spending IW GSTs of H0 : θ ≤ δL or θ ≥ δU intended to have power 1− β at θ = 0 and type I error rate α = 0.1 at θ = δL and θ = δU . NT represents the total number of children recruited on termination of the paediatric PK-PD study. IQR represents the interquartile range. Results are based are 100 000 simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/asymptotic-stability-and-decay-rates-of-positive-linear-5emszmpb6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-asymptotic-stability-for-the-2jtpegsj.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the asymptotic stability for the positive linear system (20). The horizontal axis represents the number of iterations and the vertical axis denotes logarithm of the state variable. https://scispace.com/papers/asynchronous-checkpoint-migration-with-mrnet-in-the-scalable-50vp9pqvg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-run-time-for-ior-with-and-without-scr-2p465hfl.png Fig. 3. Total Run Time for IOR With and Without SCR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-i-o-time-in-ior-with-synchronous-and-asynchronous-3uw4w0ph.png Fig. 2. I/O Time in IOR with Synchronous and Asynchronous Transfer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-moving-checkpoints-through-mrnet-tree-2fx4usm3.png Fig. 1. Example of Moving Checkpoints Through MRNet Tree https://scispace.com/papers/at-wavelength-characterization-of-the-extreme-ultraviolet-5ym68t8owu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wavefronts-measured-at-each-of-the-45-different-field-1ftygeme.png Fig 2 Wavefronts measured at each of the 45 different field points and contour map of the rms error across the field. The rms wavefront errors listed below each wavefront are in nm and are based on a 37-term Zernike polynomial fit to the wavefront with the measurementdependent piston, tilt, and focus terms removed. The depicted wavefronts include higher spatial frequency content than is contained within the 37-term Zernike polynomial reconstructions. Each wavefront image is individually scaled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-euv-ps-pdi-installed-at-an-undulator-sbni4jbn.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the EUV PS/PDI installed at an undulator beamline at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Advanced Light Source synchrotron radiation facili ty. A Kirkpatrick-Baez glancing-incidence optical system focuses the beamline radiation into a nominally-5-µm spot in the test optic object plane. Pinhole diffraction is used to produce both the probe and reference waves and a transmission grating is used as the beamsplitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-centroid-wavelength-change-as-a-function-of-pupil-7nbn15uc.png Fig. 5. Centroid wavelength change as a function of pupil position as measured at the central field point. The average centroid wavelength is 13.35 nm with a peak-to-valley linear variation of (0.015±0.002) nm across the pupil. Modeling results show an expected linear change of approximately 0.017 nm across the pupil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wavefront-variation-as-a-function-of-wavelength-3huhzf1h.png Fig. 4. Wavefront variation, as a function of wavelength, relative to the wavefront measured at a wavelength of 13.35 nm. This measurement was performed at the central field point where the wavefront error is approximately 0.6 nm rms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-the-final-shearing-measurement-and-ewkv3wdk.png Fig. 3. Comparison between the final shearing measurement and the final PS/PDI measurement (both at-wavelenth). The contour maps are based on the rms error over a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.0915 as limited by the measurement NA of the shearing implementation used. For the comparison, the PS/PDI data was re-analyzed over the same grid size and NA as used for the shearing. The average agreement across the field is (0.25±0.06) nm. https://scispace.com/papers/atmyb92-enhances-fatty-acid-synthesis-and-suberin-deposition-wioaucwhsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interaction-of-myb92-with-two-adjacent-myb-cis-2ipbtvbs.png Figure 2. Interaction of MYB92 with two adjacent MYB cis-regulatory elements in the promoter of BCCP2. (a) Representation of the wild-type DNA probe covering a 79-bp region of the promoter of BCCP2 (from -188 to -110 bp upstream from the ATG codon) and of mutagenized versions of this DNA probe used for electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Positions of the AW (green box) and MYB cis-regulatory elements identified (blue boxes) are presented. Mutations are indicated in red. (b) Identification of the binding sites of MYB92 in the proximal upstream region of BCCP2. The EMSA of truncated and partially overlapping wild-type sequences (WT; lanes 1-5) and of mutagenized versions of the full-length probe (lanes 7-10) is presented. Position of free probe (open arrowhead) and the shifted bands (closed arrowheads) are indicated. (c) Binding site sequence specificity of MYB92. A competition of MYB92 binding to ProBCCP2 (-188 to -110 bp) probe was carried out in the presence of unlabeled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transcriptional-activation-of-the-bccp2-promoter-by-1mct5bqb.png Figure 3. Transcriptional activation of the BCCP2 promoter by MYB92. (a) Confocal micrographs showing localization of MYB92:GFP fusion proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants stably transformed with a construct coding for RFP:H2B fusion proteins (Martin et al., 2009). Plants were co-infiltrated with the Pro35Sdual:MYB92:GFP construct and a vector encoding the p19 protein of tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) that prevents the onset of post-transcriptional gene silencing (Shamloul et al., 2014). GFP was observed 4 days after infiltration. Bar = 50 µm. (b) Transcriptional activity of MYB92. MYB92 coding sequence was cloned in frame with the GAL4 DNA-binding domain (DBD). The fusion construct was introduced into reporter yeast containing the HIS3 and ADE2 reporter genes, before being plated on appropriate media to maintain the expression of the vectors (SD-L) and to test the activation of the HIS3 (SD-LH) or HIS3 and ADE2 reporter genes (SD-LHA). Data presented are representative from the results obtained for six independent colonies. SD, synthetic drop-out medium. (c) Transactivation assay in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. Pro:uidA reporter constructs alone or in combination with a vector allowing the expression of MYB92, WRI1, or MYB118 (negative control) were co-infiltrated in young leaves of N. benthamiana with a vector coding for the p19 protein. Leaf discs were assayed for GUS activity four days after infiltration. Tissues were incubated 4.5 h in a buffer containing 2 mM each of potassium ferrocyanide and potassium ferricyanide. Representative discs (diameter = 0.8 cm) are presented. (d) Transactivation assay in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana with reporter constructs comprising mutagenized versions of the BCCP2 promoter. Schematic representations of the reporter constructs used are presented. Blue squares and green circles denote wild-type cis-regulatory elements, and asterisks indicate that the MYB-core element was modified as follows: GTTTGGT GCCTAGC (MYB-box 1), GTTAGTT GCCATTC (MYB-box 2), and GTTGGGT GCCATTC (Myb-box 3). https://scispace.com/papers/atom-lithography-of-fe-z64nnvdjgo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-experimental-scheme-fe-atoms-circles-aq3kdldl.png FIG. 2. Schematic of the experimental scheme. Fe atoms(circles) from source(left) are laser cooled(center) and then deposited through a light mask(right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-level-scheme-of-fe-showing-the-cooling-transition-and-14ot6ufw.png FIG. 1. Level scheme of Fe, showing the cooling transition and the three leaking transitions. The total leak rate is 1:243. A 501 nm repumper would reduce the leak by a factor 5.7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-optical-properties-of-the-three-ferromagnetic-1a8n72kf.png TABLE I. The optical properties of the three ferromagnetic transition metals. Leak ratios determined fromNIST Atomic Spectra Database(Ref. 11) where available. https://scispace.com/papers/attachment-strength-of-seed-mucilage-prevents-seed-209j4qhqmc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-illustrating-the-hypothetical-ways-that-1l2t4u65.png Figure 1. Diagram illustrating the hypothetical ways that mucilage traits may mechanistically influence antitelechory. Red arrows represent a negative effect, whereas blue arrows represent a positive effect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-time-to-erosion-and-n04vrxrh.png Figure 4. Relationship between time to erosion and dislodgement force (A & B) and between dislodgement force and fully imbibed mucilage mass (C & D) as predicted by a phylogenetic AFT multilevel model and two phylogenetic linear models. Black lines show the global relationship with grey ribbons representing the 95% CIs. Points and lines are colored by family. In A-B, species specific slopes are plotted as thinner lines. Each point corresponds to individual observed seed erosion time. In C-D, each point corresponds to imputed measurement error free mean species mucilage mass and observed mean species dislodgement force. Error bars represent 95% CIs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-imbibed-seeds-with-wet-mucilage-drying-on-2zs5ivh1.png Figure 3. (A) Imbibed seeds with wet mucilage drying on sandstone (Ocimum basilicum, four in upper left; Lepidium sativum, two in upper right; Linum grandiflorum, two in lower left; Salvia hispanica, lower right). (B) Gilia tricolor and (C) Dracocephalum ‘blue dragon’ seeds stained with methylene blue falling in water. The mucilage envelope in C can be seen deformed and shearing off as it falls, in contrast to the limited deformation in B. (D) Le. sativum seed attached by dried mucilage strands on sandstone in the process of elongating its radical. (E) Li. grandiflorum with entrapped substrates attached to sandstone in the field, after a bout of natural surface flow. (F) Seeds attached to the back side of a tile during an erosion assay (Top row, left to right: Le. sativum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Prunella grandiflora, Plectranthus scutellarioides; Middle row: O. basilicum, Plantago maritima, Eruca vesicaria, Anastatica hierochuntica; Bottom row: Plantago ovata, Linum perenne, Linum usitatissimum, Matricaria chamomilla, Artemisia dracunculus, Thymus vulgaris). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-flow-speed-on-time-to-erosion-as-36i7acib.png Figure 5. Effect of flow speed on time to erosion as predicted by a phylogenetic AFT multilevel model. Colors correspond to a seed with kd value at the 25 th, 50th, or 75th percentile. Dashed lines show the global trends with ribbons showing the 95% CIs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-path-diagram-of-the-best-sem-paths-with-95-ci-3f8ilv4c.png Figure 6. (A) Path diagram of the best SEM. Paths with 95% CI overlapping with zero are indicated by dashed lines; otherwise, they are indicated by a solid line along with their corresponding standardized path coefficient. The size and color of all paths were scaled to the magnitude and direction of the effect respectively (red = negative; black = positive). A direct path from seed mass to erosion time (ΔLOOIC = 22), from wetting speed to mean projected area (ΔLOOIC = 6), and from wetting speed to wet force were added (ΔLOOIC = 23), though only the path from wetting speed to wet force was significant (β = 0.23 ± 0.10, CI95 = [0.033, 0.43]). This positive association was likely because seeds that released mucilage faster had more mucilage at https://scispace.com/papers/atomic-layer-deposited-al2o3-passivation-of-type-ii-inas-5gbkbw4y2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-dark-current-density-vs-applied-bias-of-unpassivated-18bnf3zv.png FIG. 1. (a) Dark current density vs applied bias of unpassivated and Al2O3 passivated 400 lm single pixel square diodes measured at 77 K. (b) Zero bias differential resistance vs applied bias voltage characteristics for the unpassivated and Al2O3 passivated samples at 77 K. Dashed line represents Al2O3 passivated device and solid line represents unpassivated device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependent-dark-current-measurements-of-3bgedhip.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependent dark current measurements of Al2O3 passivated and unpassivated photodetectors at 0.1 V bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-responsivity-and-detectivity-of-al2o3-passivated-400-1wd4018y.png FIG. 3. Responsivity and detectivity of Al2O3 passivated, 400 400 lm single pixel test detectors at 77 K and 4 lm. The zero bias responsivity and the peak value of detectivity, D* of Al2O3 passivated photodetector was equal to 1.33 A/W and 1.9 1013 Jones, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectral-response-of-the-unpassivated-and-al2o3-1ncn54f3.png FIG. 2. Spectral response of the unpassivated and Al2O3 passivated photodetectors at 77 K. The cut-off wavelength of the Al2O3 passivated and unpassivated photodetectors is 5.1 lm. Dashed line represents Al2O3 passivated device and solid line represents unpassivated device. https://scispace.com/papers/attention-based-bilstm-for-negation-handling-in-sentimen-3aef6qro1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-architecture-of-attention-based-lstm-11-31l6tmuq.png Figure 3 The architecture of attention based LSTM [11] https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-fsw-and-fwl-algorithm-result-sxesu6vk.png Table 6 FSW and FWL algorithm result https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attention-based-lstm-tets-result-172u1oas.png Table 2 attention based LSTM tets result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-architecture-of-attention-based-bilstm-11-2xbtzqel.png Figure 4 The architecture of attention based BiLSTM [11] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-preprocessing-process-3vj8q1tk.png Figure 1 Data preprocessing process https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lstm-test-result-2g4ejmt7.png Table 4 LSTM test result https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-attention-based-bilstm-test-result-r1ofs9ik.png Table 3 attention based BiLSTM test result https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bilstm-test-result-1pj6yu2w.png Table 5 BiLSTM test result https://scispace.com/papers/atwood-number-effects-on-the-instability-of-a-uniform-38u3iidw5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-variations-of-the-amplitude-of-the-shocked-interface-zslykog5.png FIG. 9. Variations of the amplitude of the shocked interface ai with time t for different initial Atwood numbers at Mach number (a) M = 1.2, (b) M = 1.5, and (c) M = 1.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-the-test-section-of-the-shock-tube-with-3jcjnicn.png FIG. 1. Schematics of the test section of the shock tube with two visualization techniques: (a) shadowgraphy and (b) planar Mie scattering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-schematic-of-the-transmission-and-reflection-of-an-1d3xn10w.png FIG. 10. Schematic of the transmission and reflection of an oblique shock segment crossing a uniform interface initially at rest. ȧs(t ) and ȧi (t ) are the amplitude growth rates of the rippled shock and the shocked interface, respectively. Vs and u are the velocities of the shock and the shocked interface, respectively. Notation: IS, incident shock; RS, reflected shock; TS, transmitted shock; S, initial interface; S′, shocked interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variations-of-the-amplitude-as-a-and-the-wavelength-ls-2d1ylrwj.png FIG. 3. Variations of the amplitude as (a) and the wavelength λs (b) of the perturbed shock with the distance between the incident shock (IS) and the cylinder center, tVs. The dotted line indicates the location of the uniform interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shadowgraph-pictures-showing-the-wave-patterns-of-the-9r66hv8f.png FIG. 2. Shadowgraph pictures showing the wave patterns of the perturbed shock just before the shock impacts the uniform interface: (a) M = 1.2; (b) M = 1.5; (c) M = 1.8. The perturbed shock propagates from top to bottom with amplitude as and wavelength λs. Notation: IS, incident shock; RS, reflected shock; MS, Mach stem; TP, triple point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-variations-of-the-normalized-amplitude-of-the-shocked-2lubwou4.png FIG. 11. Variations of the normalized amplitude of the shocked interface, ai/as0, with the normalized time, k V t , for different initial Atwood numbers at Mach number (a) M = 1.2, (b) M = 1.5, and (c) M = 1.8. k = 2π/λs0 is the wave number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparisons-of-the-amplitude-as-a-and-the-wavelength-1be6jrjj.png FIG. 4. Comparisons of the amplitude as (a) and the wavelength λs (b) of the perturbed shock from the present experiments with those from the numerical results in Ref. [16]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-the-amplitude-growth-rate-as-given-by-3gtx7otu.png TABLE I. Comparison of the amplitude growth rate as given by Richtmyer’s impulsive model and experiments. as0 and λs0 are the amplitude and wavelength of the perturbed shock, respectively, corresponding to the time when the perturbed shock impacts the uniform interface. A and A+ are the pre-shock and post-shock Atwood numbers, respectively. ai0 is the post-shock initial amplitude of the interface estimated by Eq. (2). λi0 is the post-shock initial wavelength of the interface measured from Mie scattering pictures. V is the velocity jump of the shocked interface calculated based on the one-dimensional gas dynamics and the discontinuous interface approximation. ȧeq1 and ȧeq2 are the amplitude growth rates predicted by Richtmyer’s impulsive model with initial amplitudes of as0 and ai0, respectively. ȧexp is the amplitude growth rate calculated from the experimental results. https://scispace.com/papers/audio-segmentation-and-speaker-localization-in-meeting-4fjmvyc9fn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-clustering-performance-obtained-using-audio-video-2tht3qyq.png Figure 2. Clustering performance obtained using audio, video and fused feature vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-video-localization-within-each-cluster-a-b-sample-1kozqzba.png Figure 3. Video localization within each Cluster. (a-b) sample images from each cluster. (c-d) averaged difference images for each cluster. (d-e) speaker localization using MI. (f-g) localization using eigenvectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-flowchart-audio-and-video-features-are-fused-32hagktt.png Figure 1. System Flowchart: Audio and Video features are fused. Clustering is performed after changepoint detection and the speaker is localized within the clustered frames https://scispace.com/papers/audit-committee-effectiveness-informal-processes-and-mc07gxcxso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ac-agendas-for-meetings-t8tf9nk1.png Table III. AC agendas for meetings https://scispace.com/papers/auditor-rotation-at-borsa-istanbul-firms-an-event-study-2tc2cqglcr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-auditor-change-revenue-based-reputation-ranking-1mnab73e.png Table 4: Auditor Change: Revenue Based Reputation Ranking https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-auditor-change-international-partnership-vs-no-1qx9htnx.png Table 2: Auditor Change: International Partnership vs. No International Partnership https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-auditor-change-big4-versus-non-big4-2rosi8wh.png Table 3: Auditor Change: BIG4 versus Non-BIG4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-auditor-appointment-2y6lmclh.png Table 1: Auditor Appointment https://scispace.com/papers/augmenting-simulated-annealing-to-build-interaction-test-4dj1o3skwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-with-2-disjoint-rows-2f489gnr.png Table 7. with 2 disjoint rows https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ordered-design-31b0vurg.png Table 6. Ordered Design: https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-test-suite-derived-from-table-3-2qmbvbrc.png Table 4. Test suite derived from Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-with-2-disjoint-rows-3q8tdede.png Table 8. with 2 disjoint rows https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-raid-integrated-controller-system-4-components-each-1ycvso3l.png Table 1. RAID integrated controller system: 4 components, each with 3 configurations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-suite-covering-all-3-way-interactions-for-table-2jjog5zh.png Table 2. Test suite covering all 3-way interactions for Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-augmented-annealing-process-10yxioqn.png Figure 1. Augmented annealing process https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-gf-9-multiplication-table-3a710sb8.png Table 10. GF(9) multiplication table https://scispace.com/papers/autistic-spectrum-disorder-symptoms-in-children-and-pxwmme0d90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plot-of-mean-difference-of-asd-symptoms-1da6bv48.png Figure 3. Forest Plot of mean difference of ASD symptoms between children and adolescents with and without ADHD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-random-effect-meta-analyses-of-asd-symptoms-in-1jj5hbdu.png Table 3. Random effect meta-analyses of ASD symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-plot-for-the-proportion-of-children-and-hh0wfu9o.png Figure 2. Forest Plot for the proportion of children and adolescents with ADHD that also met symptom threshold for ASD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-studies-included-in-mean-difference-meta-25ahpd7q.png Table 2. Summary of studies included in mean difference meta-analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-studies-included-in-proportion-meta-3acpwzgm.png Table 1. Summary of studies included in proportion meta-analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forest-plot-of-mean-difference-of-asd-symptoms-i7nhj85f.png Figure 4. Forest Plot of mean difference of ASD symptoms between clinical and community samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-search-strategy-moher-liberati-tetzlaff-altman-2009-kv82rv0i.png Figure 1. Search strategy (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff & Altman, 2009) https://scispace.com/papers/automated-and-optimized-sensor-deployment-using-building-2enp4o18ob 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-a-rssi-based-tracking-system-2i96libp.png Figure 3. Illustration of a RSSI-based Tracking System https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-the-total-received-power-values-1mba6x7p.png Table 1. Comparison between the Total Received Power Values of the Proposed Method and the HFSS Simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-improvement-ratio-between-hfss-simulation-and-the-2z8q7l2l.png Figure 8. Improvement Ratio between HFSS Simulation and the Proposed Method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-module-for-bim-data-extraction-apcmkpfq.png Figure 2. Conceptual Module for BIM Data Extraction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tracking-method-for-the-rssi-based-tracking-system-k5i7f7kd.png Figure 4. Tracking Method for the RSSI-based Tracking System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimal-sensor-deployment-a-model-1-scenario-1-case-2pzucltv.png Figure 6. Optimal Sensor Deployment: (a) Model 1: Scenario 1 (Case 1-1), (b) Model 1: Scenario 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-framework-for-automated-sensor-sv8qywtp.png Figure 1. Illustration of the Framework for Automated Sensor Deployment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hfss-simulation-model-a-ble-sensor-modeling-dipole-1bf6wyj1.png Figure 7. HFSS Simulation Model: (a) BLE Sensor Modeling (dipole antenna), (b) Antenna Radiation Pattern, (c) Full-wave Simulation Model for the Tracking System, (d) Full-wave Simulation Model 2, (e) Full-wave Simulation Model 3 https://scispace.com/papers/autobiographically-significant-concepts-more-episodic-than-2q5ztvlhdv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-grand-averaged-erps-n-19-to-names-high-and-low-in-1kt2n81o.png Figure 6. Grand-averaged ERPs (n = 19) to names high and low in AS in the recognition memory task showing individual electrodes composing the three ROIs: frontal, centroparietal, and posterior parietal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-grand-averaged-erps-n-19-to-names-high-and-low-in-cz9xrbg6.png Figure 4. Grand-averaged ERPs (n = 19) to names high and low in AS in the fame judgment task showing individual electrodes composing the three ROIs: frontal, centroparietal, and posterior parietal. https://scispace.com/papers/autologous-blood-transfusion-in-patients-undergoing-hip-3z551ee6o5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-value-of-haemoglobin-hgb-and-hematocrit-hct-in-29npse8g.png Table 2. Mean value of haemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) in pre-operative period in both groups of patients Tabela 2. Srednje vrednosti hemoglobina (Hgb) i hematokrita (Hct) u preoperativnom periodu u obema grupama pacijenata https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-value-of-haemoglobin-hgb-and-hematocrit-hct-in-2v63j7t6.png Table 3. Mean value of haemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) in post-operative period in both groups of patients Tabela 3. Srednja vrednost hemoglobina (Hgb) i hematokrita (Hct) u postoperativnom periodu u obema grupama pacijenata https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-value-of-hemoglobin-hgb-and-hematocrit-hct-k3v153wa.png Table 1. Mean value of hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) before autologous blood donation Tabela 1. Srednja vrednost hemoglobina (Hgb) i hematokrita (Hct) pre doniranja autologne krvi https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-number-of-transfused-units-of-deplasmatised-3abav31p.png Table 4. The number of transfused units of deplasmatised erythrocytes in both groups of patients Tabela 4. Broj transfundovanih jedinica deplazmatisanih eritrocita u obema grupama pacijenata https://scispace.com/papers/automated-detection-and-resolution-of-legal-cross-references-3299q8rgmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-grammar-for-nl-cross-reference-patterns-1vxtmnog.png Fig. 6. Grammar for NL cross reference patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-using-cross-references-for-relating-legal-provisions-c5ffwruo.png Fig. 1. Using cross references for relating legal provisions https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cres-in-income-tax-law-9q46kpex.png TABLE I CRES IN INCOME TAX LAW https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-for-rq1-1sctrrf2.png TABLE II RESULTS FOR RQ1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-approach-overview-38blzsqo.png Fig. 2. Approach Overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-header-class-for-articles-b-example-article-head-1c6f1y33.png Fig. 4. (a) Header class for articles (b) Example article head https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-text-schema-for-luxembourgs-income-tax-law-2xirdz6a.png Fig. 3. Text schema for Luxembourg’s Income Tax Law https://scispace.com/papers/automated-extraction-of-problem-structure-1rw78i8wou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithm-for-coordinate-system-construction-the-1rg19bd1.png Fig. 2. Algorithm for coordinate system construction. The algorithm accepts sets of candidates and tests and their outcomes, and constructs a coordinate system that reflects the structure of the problem. Axes in this coordinate system consist of tests, and the location of a candidate in this induced space uniquely identifies which tests it will fail or pass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimated-number-of-dimensions-in-two-numbers-games-1oltkqt8.png Fig. 3. Estimated number of dimensions in two numbers games, applying the algorithm in fig. 2 to the populations of a coevolutionary algorithm; see text for details. The left figure is the estimate for the COMPARE-ON-ONE game; note the tight correspondence with the theoretical number of dimensions. On the right is the estimate for the TRANSITIVE game; here the algorithm consistently overestimates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-members-of-the-families-x-and-y-see-text-for-3bjcaqbc.png Fig. 1. Typical members of the families X and Y ; see text for details. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-behavior-understanding-in-crisis-response-control-2gza8a1d2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-five-pane-image-showing-the-cameras-viewing-angles-to-2lsy6urn.png Fig. 3. Five-pane image showing the cameras’ viewing angles. To simplify the annotation process, such images are generated at 1fps from the raw video data recorded at the State Fire Service Institute (Institut der Feuerwehr) Nordrhein-Westfalen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-atomic-facts-from-the-input-data-static-and-dynamic-3gi5gjju.png Table 1. Atomic facts from the input data (static and dynamic object attributes) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-visualization-of-fmtl-rules-associating-distances-to-2sfn7p62.png Fig. 6. Visualization of FMTL rules associating distances to distance categories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-overview-2depn1iq.png Fig. 1. System overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tool-for-annotating-audiovisual-data-with-hypothetical-2gje7ssk.png Fig. 4. Tool for annotating audiovisual data with hypothetical machine perception and semantic ground-truth. It provides an interactive birdseye view for manipulating modeled objects. The displayed data and ground-truth results correspond to Figure 3: a) two people discussing the field unit status table, b) similar c) two people discussing a notepad, d,e) similar, f) person working on a notepad, g) similar, h) delivering a message, and i) underway with notepad. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-case-study-scenario-from-the-state-fire-service-zvr17vwz.png Fig. 2. Case study scenario from the State Fire Service Institute (Institut der Feuerwehr) Nordrhein-Westfalen: automatic behavior report generation for training purposes in crisis response control rooms. Several events we aim to recognize are visible here: conversation, discussion with document, and editing a display. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-events-currently-recognized-top-and-still-under-2dkz7msx.png Table 2. Events currently recognized (top) and still under development (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-results-generated-by-the-sgt-in-figure-5-eo953h3o.png Fig. 7. Experimental results generated by the SGT in Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/automated-rational-recovery-selection-for-self-healing-in-2m83yvdjti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-rational-rs-system-together-with-the-recovery-lxcabb2x.png Fig. 2. The rational RS system together with the recovery model, operational goals, and scenarios from the case study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-step-self-healing-process-for-mobile-networks-21clnype.png Fig. 1. Four-step self-healing process for mobile networks. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-3d-modeling-using-range-images-obtained-from-3ak09nzzmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-hand-held-modeling-application-a-3d-model-is-3z3l7sxv.png Figure 5: The hand-held modeling application – a 3D model is automatically constructed from scans of an object held in the user’s hand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-views-of-the-output-of-the-model-construction-2f839hrg.png Figure 6: Two views of the output of the model construction algorithm (a-b), and the model after multiview registration (c) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-examples-of-other-correct-models-a-c-and-an-2xdmu5bg.png Figure 7: Examples of other correct models (a-c) and an instance where the construction algorithm made a single error (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visibility-consistency-from-the-perspective-of-ci-252d9m61.png Figure 1: Visibility consistency from the perspective of Ci: an example of correct registration (left), free space violation (center), and occupied space violation (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-match-results-top-row-with-the-first-view-i-3fsz3sbh.png Figure 2: Three match results (top row), with the first view i shown in green/light grey and the second view j shown in red/dark grey, and their corresponding depth differences as seen from the perspective of the first viewpoint Di,j (middle row) and the second viewpoint Dj,i (bottom row). In the depth difference images, overlapping pixels are classified according to eq. 4 as same surface points (green/light grey), FSV’s (red/medium grey), or “don’t care” points (blue/black). For a correct match (left column), most overlapping pixels are same surface points. For an incorrect match (center column), many points will be classified as FSV’s from at least one viewpoint (e.g., center bottom). Some incorrect matches (right column) are locally undetectable because the surfaces are consistent from both perspectives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-distribution-of-depth-difference-measurements-d-1muyhp6z.png Figure 3: The distribution of depth difference measurements D over a large set of correct matches (left) and incorrect matches (center) from a test object. The predicted distributions, mixtures of two Gaussians learned from a separate training set, are overlaid (thin black line). The ROC curves (right) compare the classification accuracy of the three consistency measures (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-model-graphs-a-complete-model-left-and-two-3ows8cdo.png Figure 4: Example model graphs. A complete model (left) and two partial models (right) https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-computer-aided-caries-detection-from-dental-x-ray-53pob13dhf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-sample-of-detection-result-3unc6gqj.png Fig. 19 Sample of detection result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sample-of-dental-radiograph-dataset-1gf5k3xk.png Fig. 10 Sample of dental radiograph dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-intelligent-level-set-1h8jci85.png Fig. 4 The intelligent level set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-identification-by-comparing-nearest-region-3lggwvon.png Fig. 9 Identification by comparing nearest region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-segmentation-results-using-intelligent-level-set-5zdrm8k0.png Fig. 16 Segmentation results using intelligent level set method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-segmentation-results-using-integral-projection-and-2uvddv1q.png Fig. 15 Segmentation results using integral projection and thresholding method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-region-selection-a-the-original-gray-scale-dental-3ku4dm3f.png Fig. 5 The region selection. (a) The original gray scale dental x-ray image, (b) Four divided areas and labeled regions, (c) Enlarged area A3 which shows the labeled regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-initial-counter-map-362l7y35.png Fig. 6 Initial counter map. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-generation-of-sigma-protocols-1tkr84qt3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-and-example-for-protocol-specification-in-val6l88q.png Fig. 1. Architecture and Example for Protocol Specification in Input Language https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-generation-of-schedulings-for-improving-the-test-1acta1rs42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-architecture-of-the-mpeg-decoder-system-392fhcxz.png Fig. 10. Architecture of the MPEG decoder system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-prototypes-architecture-2ka5s4tt.png Fig. 8. The Prototype’s Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-automaton-of-the-systemc-scheduler-2cma1hro.png Fig. 2. Automaton of the SystemC Scheduler https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-for-the-indexer-example-1f8gxmrq.png TABLE I RESULTS FOR THE INDEXER EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-potential-divergent-path-black-circles-represent-2uhznbjj.png Fig. 5. A Potential Divergent Path, black circles represent global states of the model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dynamic-dependency-graph-swohiszt.png Fig. 6. Dynamic Dependency Graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thefoobar-example-sr3xmtqd.png Fig. 4. Thefoobar example https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-example-based-image-colorization-using-location-bow38avvgy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ablation-study-showing-the-effect-of-cross-scale-1hslnkvn.png Fig. 10. Ablation study showing the effect of cross-scale matching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-of-our-colourisation-results-with-2w16i1kv.png Fig. 14. Comparison of our colourisation results with alternative methods. (a) destination gray image, (b) reference image, (c) method [14], (d) method [17], (e) method [18], (f) proposed method, (g) method [32], (h) method [33], (i) method [7] without reference and (j) method [7] with reference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-probability-pij-of-each-up-down-distribution-13xw4cjz.png TABLE I THE PROBABILITY pij OF EACH UP-DOWN DISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY FOR THE EXAMPLE IN FIG. 4 (A). IMPLAUSIBLE COLOUR PAIRS WITH pij < γ ARE HIGHLIGHTED. γ IS CHOSEN AS 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-colourisation-results-with-reference-images-of-31h13xde.png Fig. 8. Colourisation results with reference images of different scales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-colourisation-results-with-different-scales-of-the-38ys69cr.png Fig. 9. Colourisation results with different scales of the reference images. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-p-values-of-anova-test-comparing-the-proposed-2xny27he.png TABLE II THE P-VALUES OF ANOVA TEST COMPARING THE PROPOSED METHOD AGAINST OTHER METHODS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-colourisation-results-with-different-reference-images-3chaxrpj.png Fig. 1. Colourisation results with different reference images. The first row is the destination grayscale image and different reference images, the second row and the third row are the corresponding colourisation results of method [7] and the proposed method respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-framework-of-the-proposed-location-aware-matching-y2b9q8k1.png Fig. 4. The framework of the proposed location aware matching correction. (a) the reference image, (b) the destination image, (c) the cluster label of colours in the reference image, (d) the matching label in the destination image with semantic errors, (e) the colour matching result image, (f) the mismatched region identified using our location aware analysis, (g) the result after location aware matching correction, (h) the final colourised image with semantic errors fixed. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-generation-of-smart-security-aware-gui-models-3ade0ydtwc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-secureuml-gui-metamodel-2n679jub.png Fig. 4. SecureUML+GUI metamodel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-gui-for-editing-employees-phone-numbers-1umwljio.png Fig. 1. A simple GUI for editing employees’ phone numbers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-modeling-a-smart-and-security-aware-gui-36xwebj5.png Fig. 2. Modeling a smart and security-aware GUI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-secureuml-componentuml-metamodel-37cq4j5s.png Fig. 3. SecureUML+ComponentUML metamodel. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-event-log-abstraction-to-support-forensic-44rg7m9vhy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-public-forensic-datasets-39lpyezc.png Table 1: List of Public Forensic Datasets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-illustration-of-event-log-abstraction-generated-3qbkxnuu.png Figure 1: An illustration of event log abstraction generated from a log file to assist a forensic investigation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-settings-for-experiments-32cy95eg.png Table 2: Parameter Settings for Experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-proposed-method-for-automatic-event-log-1v8p5zt7.png Figure 3: The proposed method for automatic event log abstraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-event-log-abstraction-that-is-extraced-1d7pm026.png Figure 2: Examples of event log abstraction that is extraced from each cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-f-measurevaluecomparison-in-of-the-proposed-method-2pf3jjl6.png Table 3: F-measureValueComparison (in %) of The Proposed Method and Five Other Methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-event-log-parsing-for-a-log-entry-kgouxqq0.png Figure 4: An example of event log parsing for a log entry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-the-proposed-graph-model-where-a-wcm3znm9.png Figure 5: Illustration of the proposed graph model where a unique message is modeled as a vertex and weighted Hamming similarity as an edge weight. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-guide-wire-detection-for-neurointerventions-using-93h93st73f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-tip-distance-vs-ground-truth-tip-motion-1dj78jy4.png Figure 2: Estimated tip distance vs. ground truth tip motion. The ground-tip motion is measured as the Euclidean distance of the ground-truth tip position w.r.t. the previous frame. Static tips corresponding to ground-tip motion of 0 are not well captured by our approach, as shown by the estimated distances variate along the vertical axis. This is to be expected as our method relies on motion cues. Better estimates are obtained for the four different methods, when the tool effectively moves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-results-for-one-frame-cropped-and-scaled-10eqq4ok.png Figure 1: Example of results for one frame, cropped and scaled for clarity. (top left) original frame. (top right) results for the proposed method (RPCA / FNLM). (bottom left) Estimated foreground E. (bottom right) Estimated foreground Ê = E < 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantitative-evaluation-true-positive-rate-tpr-false-1xuun7y1.png Table 1: Quantitative evaluation: True Positive Rate (TPR), False Positive Rate (FPR), Accuracy (ACC), Positive Predictive Value (PPV/Precision), avg. tip distance dtip, missed tips within ROI (80 × 80 px), d∗tip avg. tip distance for the cases where the ground truth tip moved up to 6mm between the last and the current frame (see Fig. 2). Distances are given in mm, other values in percentages. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-hierarchical-discovery-of-quasi-static-schedules-3y986ak7zr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-steps-of-discovering-quasi-static-segments-2g7eiqpz.png Fig. 2 The steps of discovering quasi-static segments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-program-rvc-in-frames-per-second-as-l44wgff4.png Table 1 Performance of program “RVC” in frames per second, as well as the percentage of macroblocks having textur data and those that are interpolated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-detected-segments-with-two-or-more-actors-32w4jtc9.png Table 2 Number of detected segments with two or more actors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-rvc-actor-network-s-and-v-are-source-and-sink-f12ucdnf.png Fig. 3 The “RVC” actor network. S and V are source and sink actors. D is a hierarchical actor existing as three instances. The actor network inside D is on the right. The “mc”-oval is the motion compensation loop selected for code generation; the rest of the ovals show some other detected segments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-the-actor-iap-from-the-rvc-program-right-the-same-2h876jvx.png Fig. 1 Left: the actor “IAP” from the “RVC” program. Right: the same actor simplified by the proposed methodology. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-identification-of-relevant-places-from-cellular-2rjihz3dv0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-how-related-works-address-the-three-phases-clustering-1v04uded.png Fig. 2. How related works address the three phases: clustering, weighing, thresholding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-examples-of-matrices-learnt-via-maximum-likelihood-1zgsi0hg.png Fig. 10. Examples of matrices learnt via maximum likelihood. (left) Data points. (center) KDE approach. (right) Von Mises approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-table-summarizing-main-results-obtained-we-report-14jr8342.png Fig. 7. Table summarizing main results obtained. We report precision, recall and the average distance at which location can be identified. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-correlation-between-the-number-of-people-living-in-a-1y444her.png Fig. 8. Correlation between the number of people living in a city as measured by our approach and by the Italian census. (left) Piemonte, (right) Lombardia. Plot details for the city of Turin and Milan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-recall-and-precision-results-obtained-by-cross-166hjg7j.png Fig. 9. Recall and precision results obtained by cross validating the places extracted by the algorithm over individual months for different kind of places. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-methodology-to-identify-frequented-places-1-hyf4walh.png Fig. 1. General methodology to identify frequented places. (1) CDRs for each user are selected. (2) A clustering algorithm groups CDRs into well-defined spatial regions. (3) Aweighingmechanism gives each cluster a weight on the basis some aspects. (4) Clusters with a weight greater than a certain threshold are associated to relevant places. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-obtained-for-different-values-of-a-and-b-left-2kvp80ed.png Fig. 5. Results obtained for different values of α and β . (left) Identification of the home place. (right) Identification of the work place. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-recall-and-precision-results-for-an-increasing-amount-1yx51h9k.png Fig. 6. Recall and precision results for an increasing amount of input data. (left) Results varying the number of weeks provided to the algorithm. (right) Results varying the number ofmonths provided to the algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-implementation-of-control-flow-error-detection-2f7efjdjis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-problem-with-high-level-protection-and-the-pyt1w2k8.png Figure 1: The problem with high-level protection and the solution provided by our compiler extension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-different-intermediate-languages-of-gcc-and-the-3grjid77.png Figure 2: The different intermediate languages of GCC and the plugin execution point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-results-of-the-fault-injection-campaign-208vykk4.png Figure 7: The results of the fault injection campaign. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uml-class-diagram-showing-the-implementation-of-our-29bqp4jw.png Figure 3: UML class diagram showing the implementation of our plugin is pseudo-code. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-armv7-m-code-showing-the-need-for-extra-push-and-2kl7jkmo.png Figure 4: ARMv7-M code showing the need for extra push and pop instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-cfg-of-the-bit-count-algorithm-when-compiled-1lbrdr3j.png Figure 5: The CFG of the bit count algorithm when compiled for an ARM Cortex-M3 using arm-noneeabi-gcc7.3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-cfg-of-the-bit-count-algorithm-when-compiled-bxdw1dzw.png Figure 6: The CFG of the bit count algorithm when compiled for an ARM Cortex-M3 using arm-noneeabi-gcc7.3 and our plugin https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-measurement-of-field-dependent-elastic-modulus-and-2sp4wmn1hp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-for-the-ps-effect-for-the-magnetization-fcucpgs7.png Figure 7. Results for the ∆Ψ-effect for the magnetization curve with positive retentivity (a) and negative retentivity (b) corresponding to an applied stress of 1.0 MPa (solid line) and 0.5 MPa (dashed line) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-e-effect-results-d-demagnetized-s-saturated-31mfaovi.png Table 1. ∆E-effect results (D-demagnetized, S-saturated) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-main-dimensions-of-holder-a-and-exciter-b-3a2tklb3.png Figure 3. Main dimensions of holder (a) and exciter (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-data-processing-a-raw-acquired-time-response-b-fft-x47mltvr.png Figure 4. Data processing: (a) raw acquired time-response, (b) FFT, (c) filtered time-response, and (d) curve fitting process and stress-dependence study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-magnetic-hysteresis-loop-for-the-1pmq5f25.png Figure 5. Experimental magnetic hysteresis loop for the nickel specimens studied https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-39bikd62.png Figure 1. Experimental set-up https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ps-effect-results-corresponding-to-applied-stresses-1ci52soh.png Table 2. ∆Ψ-effect results corresponding to applied stresses of 1.0 MPa and 0.5 MPa (D-demagnetized, GM-global maximum, S-saturated) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-for-the-a-e-effect-and-b-ps-effect-2btsthxa.png Figure 6. Results for the (a) ∆E-effect and (b) ∆Ψ-effect corresponding to an applied stress of 1.0 MPa for the first magnetization curve (solid line), the magnetization curve with positive retentivity (dashed line), and the magnetization curve with negative retentivity (dotted line) https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-trajectory-planning-for-low-thrust-active-removal-3yslgeiz5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-semimajor-axis-inclination-and-right-ascension-of-1yihhq62.png Figure 2: Semimajor axis, inclination and right ascension of objects in LEO characterized by hp ≥ 800 km, ha ≤ 1400 and RCS≥1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-initial-orbital-elements-for-one-year-propagation-31xoz01t.png Table 4: Initial orbital elements for one year propagation with J2 and atmospheric drag. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-v-of-50-runs-of-the-physarum-solver-for-the-3276yp1g.png Figure 17: ∆V of 50 runs of the Physarum solver for the Deorbiting VRP, with different initial object in the sequence (as shown on the x axis). Black dots represent solution with 3 serviced objects, blue dots solutions with 2 serviced objects and red dots represents solution with 1 serviced objects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-sequence-of-satellite-for-the-deorbiting-vrp-2rzk077k.png Table 9: Sequence of satellite for the Deorbiting VRP strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-averaged-analytical-and-numerical-2trh990w.png Figure 11: Comparison of averaged analytical and numerical propagation with J2 and atmospheric drag without corrective term for the position. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-averaged-analytical-and-numerical-fyi2xgd1.png Figure 12: Comparison of averaged analytical and numerical propagation with J2 and atmospheric drag with corrective term for the position. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-of-semimajor-axis-and-eccentricity-of-the-ypf9fm26.png Figure 7: Variation of semimajor axis and eccentricity of the target objects during a time period of two years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-orbital-element-variation-of-the-chaser-and-of-the-rd851v3m.png Figure 13: Orbital element variation of the chaser and of the target object 40338 during the transfer from spacecraft 40342 to 40338. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-recognition-of-pain-anxiety-engagement-and-2xma2aapge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demonstration-of-the-gt-platform-the-gripper-held-2r3icmrg.png Figure 1. Demonstration of the GT Platform. The gripper, held here with the right hand, is monitored with a tracking system that uses the computer camera to locate the position of the hand (coloured ball), and controls an object in the virtual environment. The object is represented, in this case, by the aerosol and when the patient’s fingers press the pressure sensor, the bottle sprays the insecticide to kill a mosquito. As the user interacts with the rehabilitation game, the 3D hand location, the gripping force and a frontal video are recoded at 15 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-results-u-s-through-the-10-folds-of-pke5g42p.png TABLE 1. CLASSIFICATION RESULTS (µ± σ, THROUGH THE 10 FOLDS OF CROSS-VALIDATION) IN FSNB-MOV-PRE, FSNB-M̂OV -PRE AND FSNB-PRE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proposed-model-in-a-fsnb-classifier-is-presented-1s5pu33z.png Figure 3. Proposed model. In a) FSNB classifier is presented. Its components are MSNB as the base classifier, one for each sensor, and a decision fusion module. In this case, a MSNB classifier receives the features of hand movements sensor (MOV sensor) and the other receives the features of fingers’ pressure (PRE sensor). Each MSNB classifier estimates the presence (1) or absence (−1) of an affective state (variables Csj ∈ {−1, 1}, where Csj = estimated class value through classifier from sensor j, j = 1, 2). All the MSNB’s estimations Csj are fused using SNB classifier at decision module, to infer finally (in variable C ∈ {−1, 1}) whether the affective state is present or not. Hand movements features are represented as: (average of) speed (Spe), acceleration (Ace), differential location x (DifLx), differential location y (DifLy) and differential location z (DifLz); fingers’ features are indicated as: (average of) pressure (Pre), pressure speed (PresSpe) and pressure acceleration (PresAce). In b1) the MOV sensor is not available and each of its feature values were estimated through simple linear regression from the most associated feature of PRE; these features estimations of MOV are used by first MSNB classifier to obtain the class Cs1. In b2) the opposite case is shown when PRE is not available. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multiresolution-semi-nave-bayesian-classifier-msnb-3s0jb4k6.png Figure 2. Multiresolution Semi-Nave Bayesian classifier (MSNB). In a), we present an example of the process of multiresolution with the use of windows, of different odd size, |W | = 3,5,7,9,11; for the hand movements series in y axis. This example, for reasons of simplicity, shows the series in one of the axes; however the complete hand movements series is in 3D. Similarly, these windows are shifted on fingers’ pressure series and over the labels series synchronously. Each window W represents a surrounding area of the current point pi of the series. A semi-Nave Bayesian (SNB) [6] model is built, for each window W , to estimate the presence (1) or not (−1) of the affective state in W . In b) the architecture of the classifier is presented. Features (Aj1, Aj2, ..., Ajb; j ∈ {1, 2, ..., 5}, j = identification of SNB classifier, b = amount of features) from several concentric odd-size window W with respect to a point pi of the series, are supplied and discretized with PKID method [5]; then SNB classifiers independently decide whether or not the affective state exists (variables Ccj ∈ {−1, 1}, where Ccj = estimated class value through classifier j) for that window size |W |. These inferences are received by the late fusion module where, by majority voting, finally decides (in variable C ∈ {−1, 1}) whether the affective state is present or not around pi. https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-model-complexity-control-using-marginalized-23tgjmtedm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-retained-hlda-dimensions-rpputjt1.png Table 3. Number of retained HLDA dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-complexity-control-scheme-ranking-error-3ibx2jy3.png Table 1. Complexity control scheme ranking error (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-held-out-data-mmi-criterion-vs-wer-267xb4eb.png Fig. 1. Held out data MMI criterion vs. WER https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-gaussian-components-per-state-5bpyepmu.png Table 2. Number of Gaussian components per state https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-marginalized-mmi-growth-function-vs-wer-249m0uk2.png Fig. 2. Marginalized MMI growth function vs. WER https://scispace.com/papers/automatic-test-generation-a-use-case-driven-approach-6ta20b54k3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-scenarios-the-use-case-plan-a-nominal-b-ec3s8fil.png Fig. 5. Examples of scenarios the use case plan. (a) Nominal. (b) Exceptional. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-extract-of-the-ucts-for-the-virtual-meeting-2f3xjfwo.png Fig. 3. Extract of the UCTS for the virtual meeting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-of-a-generated-test-case-2gjlixjg.png Fig. 8. An example of a generated test case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-verdict-analysis-26uhnoof.png Fig. 9. Verdict analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-subsume-relations-among-the-five-functional-criteria-36sj5ef6.png Fig. 4. Subsume relations among the five functional criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-java-code-for-the-nominal-scenario-of-the-use-case-31inxd1h.png Fig. 7. Java code for the nominal scenario of the use case plan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-comparison-of-criteria-with-regard-to-test-cases-4a5zis2c.png Fig. 11. A comparison of criteria with regard to test cases efficiency for the VM example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-comparison-of-criteria-with-regard-to-statement-yjfqgjx0.png Fig. 10. A comparison of criteria with regard to statement coverage for the VM example. https://scispace.com/papers/automating-test-suite-augmentation-1suiqfimso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-coverage-results-388damfw.png Table II COVERAGE RESULTS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-workflow-of-our-approach-d01kp1rn.png Figure 1. Workflow of our approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-formulas-when-backtracking-1w310c25.png Figure 2. Illustration of the formulas when backtracking. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tcas-runtime-results-29kyt6cx.png Table I TCAS RUNTIME RESULTS. https://scispace.com/papers/autonomic-activities-in-the-execution-of-scientific-3mgaccmkgy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-loca-n0c1i76n.png Fig. 11. Loca https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-structure-of-a-small-monta-2ye3066b.png Fig. 10. The Structure of a small Monta https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dynamic-reconfiguration-to-reduce-3dfwfp7l.png Fig. 9. Dynamic reconfiguration to reduce https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-an-awa-and-interactions-through-the-award-3sizmj9t.png Fig. 1. Model of an AWA and interactions through the AWARD Space https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-autonomic-controller-of-an-awa-1233kmzf.png Fig. 2. Autonomic controller of an AWA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-text-mining-workflow-execution-time-on-aws-ec2-2arzlmjc.png Fig. 12. Text Mining workflow execution time on AWS EC2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-specification-of-an-awa-3fc2bvvt.png Fig. 4. The specification of an AWA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-main-parts-of-a-xml-awa-specification-24sgn035.png Fig. 5. The main parts of a xml AWA specification https://scispace.com/papers/autonomous-decentralized-community-concept-and-architecture-jndahne7sx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-joining-operation-1tmiguow.png Figure 2. Joining operation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-autonomous-decentralized-community-architecture-16hov3ei.png Figure 1. Autonomous decentralized community architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operations-pseudo-codes-lqj1fwys.png Table 1. Operations pseudo codes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-network-diameter-growth-logarithmically-9-c-g-2csa59pf.png Figure 3. Network diameter growth logarithmically [9] C. G. Langton, “Complex Adaptive Systems”, MIT Press, 1995. https://scispace.com/papers/auv-localization-in-an-underwater-acoustic-positioning-2r4ng7nxtp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-that-localization-results-are-substantially-1jdj8zof.png Figure 2 shows that localization results are substantially improved when the sources of error described in scenarios 2-4 are inverted for as parameters in the model, and linearization errors are much reduced. Over-determined https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-errors-for-x-y-and-z-for-test-cases-1-1m7igg0q.png Figure 2 shows that localization results are substantially improved when the sources of error described in scenarios 2-4 are inverted for as parameters in the model, and linearization errors are much reduced. Over-determined https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-errors-for-x-y-and-z-left-centre-and-1lws7xme.png Figure 1. Histogram of errors for x, y, and z (left, centre, and right panels, respectively) for test cases 1, 2, and 3 when inversions are based on straight rays (top distribution in each panel) and refracted rays (bottom distribution). RMS errors and standard deviations (except for TC3) in metres are given in each panel. https://scispace.com/papers/average-competitive-learning-vector-quantization-52ue1caen2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boxplots-of-quantization-error-for-n-10-obtained-27y4tgix.png Figure 1: Boxplots of quantization error for n = 10 obtained after 100 runs: N(0, I2) (left) and N(0,Σ2) (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-values-used-in-the-simulation-study-in-1dzeakvm.png Table 2: Parameter values used in the simulation study in dimension 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probability-distributions-in-dimension-2-used-in-the-2mck5xpp.png Table 1: Probability distributions in dimension 2 used in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-of-computation-times-in-seconds-1myje7vw.png Table 4: Mean of computation times (in seconds). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-the-quantization-wf8ii04b.png Table 3: Mean and standard deviation of the quantization after 100 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boxplots-of-quantization-error-for-n-50-obtained-2nux2sgz.png Figure 2: Boxplots of quantization error for n = 50 obtained after 100 runs: N(0, I2) (left) and N(0,Σ2) (right). https://scispace.com/papers/avicenna-s-ideas-and-arguments-about-mind-and-brain-p15l70xivn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-left-hand-of-above-picture-is-the-actual-20vefdad.png Figure 1. The left hand of above picture is the actual phenomenon which occurs in the physical and observable world. There are the sensory inputs, sensory effects on the brain and brain activity, at the observable level. The right hand is a causal explanation of this phenomenon due to Avicenna’s model of mind-brain interaction. In fact, there are two currents of causation. The bottomtop influences are the effects of sensory inputs on the brain’s matter to accept potentially some possible patterns as the possible forms. This change and evolution at brain’s matter affects the mental substance to reach adequate capacity that can accept some https://scispace.com/papers/axial-motion-estimation-and-correction-for-simultaneous-53fysx9wen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-axial-motion-estimation-and-correction-in-gfp-8h9zykbz.png Figure 4. Axial motion estimation and correction in GFP labeled neurons. A Left side: average over all frames of the experiment. Right side: 32 ROIs are defined. B Stacks recorded from each ROI with first (top) and second (bottom) beam, respectively. C Top row: actual and estimated axial motion. Second row: cost function error of motion estimation (see Methods for details). Third row: measured fluorescence changes in each ROI. Fourth row: corrected fluorescence changes in each ROI. Fifth row: difference between corrected and measured fluorescence changes for each ROI. Bottom row: measured, corrected, and expected changes in fluorescence for ROI 1 (representative for all ROIs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-axial-motion-estimation-and-correction-in-gfp-3tvropy1.png Figure 5. Axial motion estimation and correction in GFP labeled neurons at different laser powers, simulating changes in neural activity. The definition of ROIs and the recorded stacks are the same as in Fig. 4A and B, respectively. Top row: comparison between actual and estimated axial motion. Second row: cost function error of motion correction algorithm. Third row: measured changes in fluorescence in each ROI. Fourth row: corrected changes in fluorescence in each ROI. Fifth row: difference between corrected and measured changes in fluorescence for each ROI. Bottom row: comparison between measured, corrected and expected changes in fluorescence for ROI 1 (see Methods for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-approach-and-setup-for-motion-estimation-and-17d6yxm7.png Figure 1. Approach and setup for motion estimation and correction. A Outline of method: 1) Calibration step: two stacks of the sample are recorded simultaneously in two different, axially offset focal planes. 2) Fluorescence intensity of the sample is recorded simultaneously in two planes and the sample moves in axial direction (z-axis). 3) Changes in intensities over time in each plane have two contributions: axial motion as well as neural activity. 4) The algorithm uses the recorded stacks to estimate axial motion of the sample from intensities recorded in the two planes. 5) Changes in fluorescence, ∆F/F , are corrected to remove the contribution of axial motion, yielding motion corrected, neural activity related fluorescence changes. B Optical setup: two Gaussian beams are temporally offset by 6 ns, allowing simultaneous imaging in two different planes using temporal multiplexing. C Normalized profiles of the two beams along the z-axis fitted with Gaussian functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-motion-estimation-and-correction-in-wedge-neurons-1quwzpnl.png Figure 6. Motion estimation and correction in wedge neurons labeled with jGCaMP8f during controlled axial motion. A Left side: average over all frames. Right side: definition of 32 ROIs. B Z-stacks recorded by the first beam (top) and second beam (bottom). C First to fifth row: same as Fig. 4C. Bottom row: measured and corrected fluorescence signals (bump amplitude, see Methods for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-motion-correction-in-a-simulated-single-roi-a-top-30jw6hpo.png Figure 2. Motion correction in a simulated single ROI. A Top: axial intensity profiles of the two simulated beams and the simulated sample (ROI) at time t = 0. Bottom: two stacks recorded from the sample at time t = 0 with the two beams. B Example of axial motion and activity of the ROI. Sample profile along the z-axis at time t = 0 is shown in green. At time t > 0, the offset of the ROI along the z-axis changes while its activity increases. C Simulation of ROI activity and motion along the z-axis over time. Top row, left side: beam profiles. Right side: sample moves along z-axis over time. Color indicates sample neural activity. Second row: resulting intensities measured by each beam have two different contributions, motion and activity. Third row: comparison of actual and estimated axial motion. Fourth row: cost function error of the motion estimation algorithm (see Methods for details). Bottom row: actual and estimated, corrected changes in neural activity induced ∆F/F . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-motion-estimation-and-correction-in-wedge-neurons-y6rdk0yb.png Figure 7. Motion estimation and correction in wedge neurons labeled with jGCaMP8f. A Left side: average over all frames. Right side: definition of 32 ROIs. B Stacks recorded by the first beam (top) and second beam (bottom). C First to sixth row: same as Fig. 4C, additionally including lateral motion estimated from computationally aligning frames (second row). Bottom row: measured and corrected fluorescence signals (bump amplitude, see Methods for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-motion-correction-in-a-simulated-ring-attractor-1sxve3wl.png Figure 3. Motion correction in a simulated ring attractor with 32 ROIs. A Top: normalized intensity profiles of the ROIs, which are simulated with varying lengths and offsets along the z-axis. B Bottom: ROI 1 moves along the z-axis over time while its activity (∆F/F) changes (see C for all ROIs). B Top: stacks of the ROIs obtained with first beam. Bottom: same for second beam. C Simulation of ROIs with axial motion and activity changes over time. All ROIs move together, while activity changes independently in each ROI. First row: comparison of actual and estimated axial motion of ROIs. Second row: cost function error of the motion estimation algorithm. Third row: measured changes in fluorescence with combined activity changes and axial motion. Fourth row: changes in fluorescence after motion correction. Fifth row: actual changes in fluorescence due to activity. Bottom row: comparison of the averaged measured, corrected and actual bump amplitudes in the ROIs (see Methods for details on all steps). https://scispace.com/papers/b-physics-results-from-cdf-3kmw6xhcgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-b0s-j-invariant-mass-distribution-3vg80973.png FIG. 2. B0s ! J= ' invariant mass distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-b-j-k-left-and-b0-j-k-0-right-invariant-mass-zzhhrn7c.png FIG. 1. B ! J= K (left) and B0 ! J= K 0 (right) invariant mass distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-b-u-b-0-d-lifetimes-and-their-ratio-3339l2nd.png TABLE 3. B+u , B 0 d lifetimes and their ratio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-mixing-parameter-for-bd-versus-that-for-bs-the-jikq2hdd.png FIG. 7. The mixing parameter for Bd versus that for Bs. The bands represent 1 uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-estimate-of-cdf-sin-2-resolution-for-several-171l8jf4.png FIG. 10. Estimate of CDF sin(2 ) resolution for several luminosity and avour tagging scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-like-sign-fraction-versus-c-the-solid-line-is-our-t-to-1ztxl9nk.png FIG. 9. Like-sign fraction versus c . The solid line is our t to the data; the dashed line is our t after forcing xd=0 and the dotted line is a prediction assuming just the sequential decay contribution and both xd and xs = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-90-c-l-limits-for-the-non-resonant-b-k-and-b-k-22a1v9qm.png TABLE 4. 90% C.L. limits for the non-resonant B ! K and B ! K branching ratios compared to Standard Model predictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-90-c-l-limits-for-the-b0d-and-b-0-s-branching-ratios-11szqe05.png TABLE 5. 90% C.L. limits for the B0d ! and B 0 s ! branching ratios compared to Standard Model predictions https://scispace.com/papers/azidohomoalanine-a-minimally-invasive-versatile-and-jrwe8kb56z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-probability-distribution-of-average-number-of-contacts-1ndloo6j.png FIG. 4. Probability distribution of average number of contacts of the azido group with (a) protein/ligand and (b) solvent molecules. The black curve shows the result for K38Aha, and the red and green curves that of K38Aha+wtPep and K38Aha+azoPep, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-polar-contact-between-the-positively-charged-n-2-of-1th1cxoi.png FIG. 5. (a) Polar contact between the positively charged N(2) of the azido group and the negatively charged side chain carboxyl oxygen of Glu(-5). (b,c) Vibrational frequency shifts of K38Aha+wtPep and K38Aha+azoPep by including (b) and excluding (c) Glu(-5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vibrational-frequency-shifts-relative-to-the-vacuum-3hluoern.png FIG. 3. Vibrational frequency shifts (relative to the vacuum value) of all simulated systems by considering (a) all atoms, (b) only protein/ligand atoms and (c) only solvent atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ligand-binding-observed-with-2d-ir-spectroscopy-a-2d-uxcqjn4c.png FIG. 2. Ligand binding observed with 2D IR spectroscopy. (a) 2D IR response of K38Aha, (b) K38Aha+wtPep and (c) K38Aha+azoPep. The bottom panels plot the diagonal signal together with fits used to deduce the peak position (see text for details). In panel (a) the dotted line marks the reference peak position of the Aha label without any ligand. In panels (b+c), the peak positions of the Aha label with the two different ligands are marked in addition to it as solid lines. https://scispace.com/papers/baby-skyrme-models-without-a-potential-term-y62ja4w3i2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-real-solutions-l-l-of-eq-a2-as-functions-of-a-for-0-a-knjy1png.png FIG. 8: Real solutions λ+, λ− of Eq. (A2) as functions of α for 0 < α < 1 and B = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energy-density-contour-plots-for-baby-skyrmions-with-19jjytbx.png FIG. 6: Energy density contour plots for baby Skyrmions with model parameter α = 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and charges B = 1− 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-contour-plots-of-the-energy-density-for-b-3-chain-f7j2ab7g.png FIG. 7: Contour plots of the energy density for B = 3 chain configurations. The value of α for each configuration is indicated underneath its plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-b-1-profile-functions-f-r-for-model-parameter-0-5-a-1-148j0o9m.png FIG. 2: B = 1 profile functions f(r) for model parameter 0.5 < α ≤ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-energy-e-for-baby-skyrmions-obtained-with-the-2dgpmkme.png FIG. 5: Total energy E for baby Skyrmions obtained with the axial ansatz (37) and for baby Skyrmions obtained with the 2D relaxation method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-as-a-function-of-model-parameter-a-for-axially-1y15s9f3.png FIG. 1: Energy as a function of model parameter α for axially symmetric configurations with topological charges B = 1− 3, 10. (a) Total energy E. (b) Binding energy per soliton ∆E/4πB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-energy-density-for-charge-two-baby-skyrmions-with-17aa93x6.png FIG. 4: Energy density for charge two baby Skyrmions with model parameter α = 0.5. (a) Surface plot of the energy density. (b) We compare slices through the energy density obtained when relaxing two different B = 2 initial conditions: a baby Skyrme configuration relaxed with α = 0.51 (green line) and a rotationally symmetric configuration generated from an α = 0.5 profile function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-energy-values-obtained-from-full-field-simulations-e-2lj0ei21.png TABLE I: Energy values obtained from full field simulations (E(2D)/4πB) when compared to 1D gradient flow results (E(1D)/4πB). The binding energy per soliton ∆E/4πB is calculated by (39) using the numerical 2D energy results. The two B = 3 configurations given are the axial solution (37) and the chain configuration of Fig. 7 which is denoted by 3*. https://scispace.com/papers/bacata-a-language-parametric-notebook-generator-tool-demo-1ggljm6dg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-overview-of-bacatas-architecture-18z8mb43.png Figure 1. General overview of Bacatá’s architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interactive-debugging-of-a-calc-expression-3qg667e4.png Figure 2. Interactive debugging of a Calc expression. https://scispace.com/papers/backpressure-testing-of-rotary-microfilter-disks-4qtxmx3n2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-disk-assembly-for-backpressure-test-3lx90z4j.png Figure 2-6: Disk Assembly for Backpressure Test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-sketch-of-the-backpressure-test-equipment-15p3hgks.png Figure 2-2: Sketch of the BackPressure Test Equipment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-wrinkles-in-the-front-and-back-membranes-of-disk-3g780vi4.png Figure 3-6: Wrinkles in the Front and Back Membranes of Disk 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-hub-of-spintek-stainless-steel-rotary-microfilter-7q9so1z8.png Figure 2-1: Hub of SpinTek Stainless Steel Rotary MicroFilter Disk https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-psd-of-srs-tank-8f-simulated-sludge-26asvrjz.png Figure 2-5: PSD of SRS Tank 8F Simulated Sludge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-disk-1-after-40-psig-backpressure-2wi6rraa.png Figure 3-2: Disk 1 After 40 psig Backpressure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-expected-anion-cation-content-of-sludge-feed-233noatz.png Table 2-2: Expected Anion/Cation Content of Sludge Feed Simulants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-pressure-testing-instrumentation-3bs0xxb0.png Table 2-1: Pressure Testing Instrumentation https://scispace.com/papers/baccalaureate-student-perceptions-of-challenging-family-3hgcw59z2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-respondents-for-most-challenging-family-2a0ykzov.png TABLE 1 Number of Respondents for Most Challenging Family Issues https://scispace.com/papers/backwards-time-causal-catachresis-and-its-influence-on-37xqf4pl1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-construction-of-viewpoint-hierarchy-over-time-2bvvblek.png Figure 1: Construction of viewpoint hierarchy over time. https://scispace.com/papers/bakry-emery-curvature-functions-of-graphs-4mf3chls13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-curvature-functions-of-kk2-n-dashed-kk3-n-3f3c23cs.png Figure 3. Curvature functions of KK2(N ) (dashed), KK3(N ) (dashdotted), and KK2×K3(2N ) (solid) when N ∈ [0.8, 8]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-curvature-functions-of-kk2-n-dashed-kk3-n-v3byvzf3.png Figure 2. Curvature functions of KK2(N ) (dashed), KK3(N ) (dashdotted), and KK2×K3(N ) (solid) when N ∈ [0.8, 8]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-non-normalized-curvature-kg-2fbkpznx.png Figure 8. Non-normalized curvature KG,·(∞) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-curvature-knorg-2l0v3fxg.png Figure 7. Normalized curvature KnorG,· (∞) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-4-regular-graph-with-two-types-of-vertices-xi-and-64nqjda3.png Figure 4. A 4-regular graph with two types of vertices xi and yj https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-balls-b2-x-with-kg-x-0-the-corresponding-3l6hjx6o.png Figure 6. 2-balls B2(x) with KG,x(∞) ≥ 0. The corresponding punctured 2-balls B̊2(x) are red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-connected-components-of-b2-x-in-different-colours-2dnemfat.png Figure 5. Connected components of B̊2(x) in different colours; choosing the red connected component leads to d = 11 and r = 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-negative-curvature-at-a-bottleneck-1rrf4rqt.png Figure 1. Negative curvature at a “bottleneck” https://scispace.com/papers/bacterial-diseases-in-marine-bivalves-2sl9e9mn3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-molecular-diagnostic-tools-available-obrdxq4f.png Table 2: Molecular diagnostic tools available https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reviewed-histopathological-studies-2r8ikpo5.png Table 1: Reviewed histopathological studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phenotypic-diversity-on-a-chromagar-and-b-tcbs-of-3lg0b1bk.png Figure 1: Phenotypic diversity on (A) ChromAgar and (B) TCBS, of strains belonging to the large Splendidus clade and particularly to V. splendidus, V. gigantis, V. pomeroyi, V. crassostreae, V. tasmaniensis species (P. Haffner) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colony-of-nocardia-crassostreae-on-brain-heart-3v81pg5b.png Figure 4: Colony of Nocardia crassostreae on Brain Heart Infusion agar. Bar = 10 µm. (Friedman et al; 1991; Paillard et al, 2004). Reprint with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gram-positive-colonies-of-nocardia-crassostreae-in-1kdj78tr.png Figure 5: Gram-positive colonies of Nocardia crassostreae in connective tissues of a Pacific oyster. Brown and Brenn Gram stain. Bar = 10 µm. (Friedman et al; 1991; Paillard et al, 2004). Reprint with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-images-of-an-rod-affected-oyster-a-low-3kf6apb6.png Figure 8: SEM images of an ROD-affected oyster. (A) Low magnification (30X) view of conchiolin deposit on inner shell valve. (B) High magnification (16,000X) view of the boxed region of panel A revealing bacteria attached to the conchiolin surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-detail-of-the-non-specific-disease-signs-observed-1tjaripq.png Figure 3: Detail of the non specific disease signs observed 24 hours post-infection in experimentally infected larvae with V. tubiashii (07/118 T2) or V. coralliilyticus (strain 06/210). Bar = 200 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pacific-oyster-with-advanced-nocardiosis-as-shown-2vwpmzud.png Figure 6: Pacific oyster with advanced nocardiosis as shown by the numerous pustule-like lesions throughout the mantle (arrows). Lesions are composed of N. crassostreae colonies and host hemocytes (Friedman et al; 1991). Reprint with permission. https://scispace.com/papers/balanced-harvesting-is-the-bioeconomic-equilibrium-of-a-size-23hqmeqf4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-biomass-production-and-fishing-effort-2p9c9cy8.png Figure 1: Equilibrium biomass, production and fishing effort against body mass for three levels of profitability f : (a,b) f = 0.2×10−3 g−1; (c,d) f = 10−3 g−1; (e,f) f = 2×10−3 g−1. Left column shows exploited biomass (solid), unexploited biomass (dashed) and critical biomass level for fishing to be economic (1/f , dotted). When the biomass reaches the critical level, fishing begins and creates a constant biomass solution in the exploited body mass range. Right column shows fishing effort (grey) and production (black). Results are for constant recruitment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-yield-effort-and-minimum-body-mass-fished-as-36xrfsc0.png Figure 2: Yield, effort and minimum body mass fished as profitability increases: (a) aggregate yield against profitability f ; (b) aggregate yield against aggregate effort; (c) minimum body mass fished wF,min against aggregate effort; (d) yield against effort for a managed fishery, in which fishing is concentrated at the body mass at which cohort biomass peaks (approx. 420 g). Results are shown for constant (solid), Beverton-Holt (dashed) and Ricker (dotted) stock-recruitment. In (c) the curves are the same for all three stock-recruitment relationships; thin vertical dotted lines indicate the level of fishing effort which maximises yield. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equilibrium-biomass-production-and-fishing-effort-tf1ju3y8.png Figure 3: Equilibrium biomass, production and fishing effort against body mass where large fish fetch a higher unit price than small fish, and three levels of maximum profitability fmax: (a,b) fmax = 0.2 × 10 −3 g−1; (c,d) fmax = 0.6 × 10 −3 g−1; (e,f) fmax = 2 × 10 −3 g−1. Left column shows exploited biomass (solid), unexploited biomass (dashed) and critical biomass level for fishing to be economic (1/f(w), dotted). Right column shows fishing effort (grey) and production (black). Results are for constant recruitment. https://scispace.com/papers/balancing-hpc-applications-through-smart-allocation-of-4gqj24ir7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-decode-cycles-allocation-in-the-ibm-power5-with-crfw1kp9.png TABLE II DECODE CYCLES ALLOCATION IN THE IBM POWER5 WITH DIFFERENT PRIORITIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-resource-allocation-in-the-ibm-power5-when-the-141jbwe4.png TABLE III RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN THE IBM POWER5 WHEN THE PRIORITY OF ANY OF THE THREADS IS 0 OR 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-the-proposed-solution-on-siesta-3jy9fp0g.png Fig. 4. Effect of the proposed solution on SIESTA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-siesta-balanced-and-imbalanced-characterization-19tp8i6n.png TABLE VI SIESTA BALANCED AND IMBALANCED CHARACTERIZATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-metbench-balanced-and-imbalanced-characterization-1rusw2lz.png TABLE IV METBENCH BALANCED AND IMBALANCED CHARACTERIZATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-the-proposed-solution-on-metbench-each-trace-20lph9zk.png Fig. 2. Effect of the proposed solution on MetBench. Each trace represents only some iterations of the application. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-bt-mz-balanced-and-imbalanced-characterization-1x3bix5z.png TABLE V BT-MZ BALANCED AND IMBALANCED CHARACTERIZATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-proposed-solution-on-bt-mz-each-trace-3jio2tow.png Fig. 3. Effect of the proposed solution on BT-MZ. Each trace represents only some iterations of the application. https://scispace.com/papers/band-offsets-in-si-si1-x-ygexcy-heterojunctions-measured-by-1jl2pouut2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-summary-of-measured-valence-and-conduction-band-edge-11gz8sw7.png FIG. 4. Summary of measured valence- and conduction-band-edge ene measured as a function of lattice mismatch and equivalent Ge concentr for Si12xGex ~open circles! and Si12x2yGexCy ~closed circles!. The solid lines represent interpolated band-edge energies for Si12xGex , while the dotted lines indicate the effect of C incorporation into Si12x2yGexCy with fixed Ge concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-capacitance-and-conductance-of-ap-type-si-si0-79ge0-5l4rduga.png FIG. 2. Capacitance and conductance of ap-type Si/Si0.79Ge0.206C0.004 MQW structure as functions of temperature for~a! 1 MHz, ~b! 800 kHz,~c! 600 kHz,~d! 500 kHz,~e! 400 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-energy-band-diagram-for-an-type-multiple-quantum-2hmvfdjt.png FIG. 1. ~a! Energy band diagram for an-type multiple quantum well ~MQW! heterostructure. The Fermi level (Ef), the first confined state (E1), and the barrier lowering due to tunneling~d! are added to the activa tion energy (Ea) to obtain the band offset (DEc). ~b! Equivalent circuit model of a Schottky barrier on a MQW structure, including the deplet layer capacitance (Cd), and the capacitance and conductance of the un pleted portion of the sample~Cu andGu , respectively!. https://scispace.com/papers/balancing-hunting-regulations-and-hunter-satisfaction-an-457fvvwu93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demography-hunting-habits-and-attitudes-among-three-226uqqgs.png Table 1. Demography, hunting habits and attitudes among three grouse hunter typologies in Norway 573 (based on a survey conducted in 2010, N=3,293 respondents). Typologies were classified with latent 574 class analysis (Latent GOLD®, cluster package). Note that the typologies may not significantly differ 575 for all listed variables, and that not all significant variables are included here (* = part of the most 576 parsimonious LCA model). NOK ≈ €0.125. 577 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-sensitivity-in-a-biosocioeconomic-model-9j5eqtr3.png Table 3. Parameter sensitivity in a biosocioeconomic model for optimizing the number of ptarmigan 585 hunting permits, with an objective function to maximize annual landowner profit. Only one parameter 586 was re-scaled at a time. The numbers below shaded areas are the model output (same as those given in 587 the last row). Based on a survey conducted in 2010 with N=3,293 respondents. 588 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-goodness-of-fit-for-estimated-willingness-to-1xrurtfh.png Table 2. Model goodness-of-fit for estimated willingness-to-pay for ptarmigan hunting as a function 579 of bag size and crowding, respectively, among three hunter typologies : “The Experienced Seeker” 580 (ES), “The Bag Oriented” (BO) and “The Northern Traditionalist” (NT). Based on a survey conducted 581 in Norway 2010 (N=3,293 respondents). 582 https://scispace.com/papers/bank-asset-reallocation-and-sovereign-debt-4gl6994xkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-variable-definition-and-sources-121xtxq3.png Table A.1: Variable definition and sources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-de-leveraging-and-de-risking-world-northern-and-1wlngtyt.png Figure 2: De-leveraging and de-risking: World, Northern and Southern EU countries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boxplot-and-frequency-distribution-after-the-2iisnica.png Figure 1: Boxplot and frequency distribution after the cleaning procedures: growth rate of gross loans (%), total securities (%), and total assets (%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-1-panel-regressions-bank-fe-quantile-2bo8t9oj.png Table 3: Model 1; panel regressions (Bank FE), quantile regressions (median LAV) and instrumental variables (IV) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-treatment-of-outliers-on-the-downloaded-variables-1pewtu9t.png Table A.2: Treatment of outliers on the downloaded variables in level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-boxplot-on-final-data-and-original-data-1qzjz7yb.png Figure A.1: Boxplot on final data and original data downloaded from Bankscope https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-1-for-eu-countries-panel-regressions-bank-fe-1qzcttea.png Table 5: Model 1 for EU Countries; panel regressions (Bank FE), quantile regressions (median LAV) and instrumental variables (IV) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-2-panel-regressions-bank-fe-quantile-3nnly1bi.png Table 4: Model 2; panel regressions (Bank FE), quantile regressions (median LAV) and instrumental variables (IV) https://scispace.com/papers/bank-capital-in-the-short-and-in-the-long-run-4vjzfpjvsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-run-impact-of-the-capital-requirement-level-cr-gy9d8vrb.png Figure 1: Long-run impact of the capital requirement level (CR) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-welfare-effects-of-capital-requirements-with-and-38xa72u4.png Figure 5: Welfare effects of capital requirements with and without transitional costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transitional-effects-of-of-the-capital-requirement-2gr9cy00.png Figure 4: Transitional effects of of the capital requirement increase: with and without an ELB https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-1jci77wg.png Table 1: Model parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-fit-3lupl5cx.png Table 2: Model fit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transitional-effects-of-of-the-capital-requirement-15m4ep6c.png Figure 3: Transitional effects of of the capital requirement increase: monetary policy accommodation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transitional-effects-of-of-the-capital-requirement-evq6bmmk.png Figure 2: Transitional effects of of the capital requirement increase: speed of implementation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transitional-costs-as-percent-of-long-run-gains-2lg0886u.png Table 3: Transitional costs as percent of long-run gains https://scispace.com/papers/bank-regulatory-capital-and-liquidity-evidence-from-u-s-and-4a9uyjv6o3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-10-using-a-measure-of-liquidity-creation-adjusted-3jscn9y8.png Table D.10. Using a measure of liquidity creation adjusted for equity for European banks according to their size https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-liquidity-and-regulatory-capital-ratios-for-european-1srggex4.png Table 7. Liquidity and regulatory capital ratios for European banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-6-introducing-bank-size-in-the-liquidity-equation-5hi8z2fb.png Table D.6. Introducing bank size in the liquidity equation for European banks according to their size https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-summary-descriptive-statistics-separately-for-u-s-3372b9p0.png Table C.1. Summary descriptive statistics separately for U.S. and European publicly traded commercial banks according to their size, on average, from 2000 to 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-11-using-a-measure-of-liquidity-creation-adjusted-2a0jjdxy.png Table D.11. Using a measure of liquidity creation adjusted for equity for U.S. banks according to their size https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-15-using-alternative-liquidity-proxies-for-u-s-banks-2ovhw3xx.png Table D.15. Using alternative liquidity proxies for U.S. banks according to their size https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-14-using-alternative-liquidity-proxies-for-european-fqwfj1ww.png Table D.14. Using alternative liquidity proxies for European banks according to their size https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-descriptive-statistics-of-the-sample-of-u-s-35isq8mk.png Table 2. Summary descriptive statistics of the sample of U.S. and European listed commercial banks, on average, from 2000 to 2006 https://scispace.com/papers/banking-relationships-and-sell-side-research-4i8itgdwq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1kq8l1yv.png Table 1. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-recommendations-and-long-term-growth-projections-1vkw9we6.png Table 9. Recommendations and Long-Term Growth Projections: Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-2hxw338z.png Table 3. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-performance-of-portfolios-based-on-recommendations-cf8tibgz.png Table 10. Performance of Portfolios Based on Recommendations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-loans-and-ibes-samples-summary-statistics-2kulkftk.png Table 1. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lending-relationships-regressions-33jzjvzn.png Table 3. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-1i1ulch0.png Table 2. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-regressions-to-test-for-timing-aspects-of-accuracy-1ov1sm1q.png Table 11. Regressions to test for timing aspects of accuracy performance and optimism https://scispace.com/papers/banking-supervision-and-external-auditors-theory-and-43efqo7xbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-data-description-105ayi2s.png Table C.1: Data description https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-level-of-the-ais-index-ols-estimates-3g0qk3p5.png Table 5: The level of the AIS index: OLS estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ais-index-distribution-19ktl59b.png Figure 2: The AIS Index (% distribution) https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-descriptive-statistics-of-d-ais-index-3tzp67d6.png Table C.2. Descriptive Statistics of Δ AIS Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-drivers-of-reforms-in-the-ais-index-principal-exy8tsd0.png Table 3: Drivers of reforms in the AIS index: principal component analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ais-index-3a7nojea.png Table 1: The AIS Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-2-shows-that-the-distribution-of-changes-in-the-ais-16gxtor2.png Table D.2 shows that the distribution of changes in the AIS Index is similar between the full sample and this restricted sample of countries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-ais-index-for-crisis-and-non-crisis-1kb1lpp3.png Figure 4: Average AIS Index for Crisis and Non-Crisis Countries (2007 vs 2012) https://scispace.com/papers/bankruptcy-costs-and-the-new-bankruptcy-code-4cqryuh4hc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1yk3y818.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aggregate-bankruptcy-costs-per-year-under-the-old-3kr8abxw.png Table 2 Aggregate Bankruptcy Costs per Year under the Old Bankruptcy Act Versus the New Bankruptcy Code (Upper Bound Estimates Calculated for 1980) https://scispace.com/papers/barriers-and-drivers-for-energy-efficiency-different-3eq8eqvpe8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-framework-to-describe-the-mechanisms-connecting-3obacjrk.png Fig. 1 - The framework to describe the mechanisms connecting barriers, drivers and actors in the decision-making process to undertake an investment in an EEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-different-mechanisms-of-barriers-drivers-actors-and-37utzqxi.png Fig. 2 - (a) Different mechanisms of barriers, drivers, actors and decision-making process. (b) Comparison of https://scispace.com/papers/barium-concentrations-as-a-proxy-for-equatorial-pacific-l7m8xgwygd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-data-results-bpaoxtc7.png TABLE 1: SAMPLE DATA & RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-core-17pc-yellow-circle-modified-c5n2olw7.png Figure 1: Location of the core: 17PC (yellow circle). Modified from Lynch-Stieglitz et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oxygen-isotope-curve-a-for-core-17pc-from-lynch-1q0fgng5.png Figure 2. Oxygen isotope curve (A) for core 17PC from Lynch-Stieglitz et al. (2015) and 230Thderived dust flux (C) from Jacobel et al. (2017). Our BioBa flux (B) in middle panel. Bold numbers represent marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS 1, 3, 5 represent warm interglacial periods and MIS 2, 4, 6 represent cool glacial periods). https://scispace.com/papers/basic-actions-to-reduce-dropout-rates-in-distance-learning-17graede29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-dropout-rate-for-studies-at-uji-per-3imfea4z.png Figure 2. Average dropout rate for studies at UJI per academic year and type of course. Data obtained from the Quality Management Service at UJI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dropout-rates-per-academic-year-for-the-mumc-data-u74bpczx.png Figure 1. Dropout rates per academic year for the MUMC. Data obtained from the Quality Management Service at UJI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dropout-rates-after-initial-enrolment-for-uned-xsy4asvn.png Table 1. Dropout rates after initial enrolment for UNED degrees in 2010, according to De Santiago (2017). Studies marked with * correspond to data of the year 2008. https://scispace.com/papers/basis-set-and-electron-correlation-effects-on-initial-2hrsri0bcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-electronic-and-nuclear-relaxation-polarizabilities-iops77wi.png TABLE VII. Electronic and nuclear relaxation polarizabilities, first and second hyperpolarizabilities of molecule II calculated at the MP2 and QCISD levels. The quantity in parentheses is the relative error~in percent! with respect to the corresponding 6-3111G(d) property; and the quantity in italics is thePnr/Pe ratio. All quantities are in atomic units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-electronic-and-some-nuclear-relaxation-17mrb5vl.png TABLE IX. Electronic and some nuclear relaxation polarizabilities, first and second hyperpolarizabilities of molecule III calculated at the HF levl. The quantity in parentheses is the relative error with respect to the corresponding 6-3111G(d) property, and the quantity in italics is thePnr/Pe ratio. All quantities are in atomic units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-electronic-and-nuclear-relaxation-polarizabilities-3o63tzrh.png TABLE III. Electronic and nuclear relaxation polarizabilities and second hyperpolarizabilities of molecule I calculated at the MP2 level. The quatity in parentheses is the relative error~in percent! with respect to the corresponding 6-3111 G(d,p) property; and the quantity in italics is thePnr/Pe ratio. All quantities are in atomic units. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-electronic-and-nuclear-relaxation-polarizabilities-trs1yqyh.png TABLE V. Electronic and nuclear relaxation polarizabilities and second hyperpolarizabilities of molec calculated at the CCSD level. The quantity in parentheses is the relative error~in percent! with respect to the corresponding 6-31G~d! property. The quantity in italics is thePnr/Pe ratio. All quantities are in atomic units https://scispace.com/papers/battery-test-manual-for-plug-in-hybrid-electric-ve-6uhlsa1ohx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-open-circuit-voltage-and-pulse-resistances-versus-1m0yef41.png Figure 11. Open-Circuit Voltage and Pulse Resistances versus Depth-of-Discharge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cold-cranking-test-profiles-3svssuy2.png Figure 4. Cold Cranking Test Profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-calendar-life-test-profile-2lj5kc9f.png Table 8. Calendar Life Test Profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-calendar-life-test-profile-26uct4wh.png Figure 9. Calendar Life Test Profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-usable-energy-versus-power-curve-owi58pdt.png Figure 20. Usable Energy versus Power Curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hybrid-pulse-power-characterization-test-complete-ot9h04re.png Figure 3. Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization Test (complete HPPC sequence). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hybrid-pulse-power-characterization-test-start-of-a53xui7z.png Figure 2. Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization Test (start of test sequence). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-unscaled-hppc-cell-power-capability-vs-energy-1ruaaw1z.png Figure 14. Unscaled HPPC Cell Power Capability vs. Energy Removed. https://scispace.com/papers/bayesian-inference-in-surface-physics-111huh3nsn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rbs-data-of-the-sample-before-and-after-plasma-2vsr0j08.png FIG. 4: RBS data of the sample before and after plasma exposition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-an-mvv-auger-spectrum-for-iron-the-estimated-2nvnfukd.png FIG. 9: An MVV Auger spectrum for iron. The estimated background shown is obtained for the transformed spectrum shown in (b). A logarithmic transformation of the Auger spectrum reduces the curvature of the background. The estimated background is shown as solid line. The eight support points of the spline are indicated by filled circles. (c) The signal obtained by subtracting the data and the background. A secondary peak is present at an energy of 86 eV, 39 eV above the M2,3VV Auger transition, substantiated by the autocorrelation of the signal vs. energy difference (see inset)(from [48]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstructed-depth-profiles-and-asymmetric-confidence-12rrpa0b.png FIG. 5: Reconstructed depth profiles and asymmetric confidence intervals from the RBS spectra shown in Fig.4. The upper panel shows the sample composition before exposure, the lower panel after exposure (from [29]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flux-dependence-of-chemical-erosion-yield-of-graphite-1kskzk70.png FIG. 8: Flux dependence of chemical erosion yield of graphite under hydrogen irradiation. The data set δ is represented by circles. Filled circles correspond to the subset for which the fitting curve (solid line) is valid (E0 = 30eV,T=600K).Open triangles and squares represent data from Ref.[45] and [46], respectively, while the full symbols show the data sets after multiplication with the corresponding scale factor (0.72 and 0.32). Error bars show the assigned experimental error. The gray shaded area is the confidence range (from [43]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-panel-the-density-of-the-slope-is-constant-this-1ezohb89.png FIG. 1: Left panel: The density of the slope is constant. This results in a non-constant distribution for the angle between the straight lines and the x-axis. Right panel: The angular density is kept constant (from [14]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-natural-logarithm-of-p-e-d-s-i-and-the-misfit-between-11osm4f3.png FIG. 6: Natural logarithm of P (E|D,S, I) and the misfit between data and model for combinations of six free radicals (C2H5, CH3,H,C2H3,CH,CH2). x axis shows the number of radicals involved in the model, which were taken in the given order (from [37]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-amplitude-versus-position-the-initial-spectrum-is-1wu47n35.png FIG. 2: a) Amplitude versus position. The initial spectrum (- -)is convolved with a Gaussian to yield the solid line. Before the inversion one count from the right-hand peak has been removed. b) The inversion result showing the dramatic influence of noise on the stability of deconvolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-data-computed-by-2-different-models-with-21z7huw9.png FIG. 7: Comparison of data computed by 2 different models with the measured mass spectrometer values. https://scispace.com/papers/bayesian-logistic-shape-model-inference-application-to-o3zpykd1nr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-expected-label-posterior-probability-as-function-of-1126sluo.png Figure 1: Expected label posterior probability as function of the normalized signed distance from the reference shape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-graphical-model-for-the-shape-based-generative-1py56byg.png Figure 3: (a) graphical model for the shape-based generative model; (b) Cochlea segmentation on CT images is shown in solid red with the associated shape model in dashed yellow lines; (c) Evolution of the cochlea shape model during several MS steps shown as 2D contours (from dotted green to solid red) and 3D models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-parametric-shape-model-of-the-cochlea-left-effect-3px7qik9.png Figure 2: Parametric shape model of the cochlea. (Left) Effect of the radial parameters a (red), and b (yellow) are shown with the reference position in purple; (Right) Effect of the longitudinal parameters α (pink) and ϕ (blue) parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-efficiency-proposed-methods-hxnairze.png Table 1: Computational efficiency proposed methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-metrics-obtained-on-dataset-2-and-3-2uaizufi.png Table 2: Performance metrics obtained on dataset #2 and #3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-input-ellipse-image-fitted-with-a-circle-shape-28ikievr.png Figure 5: (Left) Input Ellipse image fitted with a circle shape : initial circle (red), final circle (white) and 0.5 isocontour of posterior label probability for optimal value of lref (yellow);(Middle) Log likelihood as a function of lref ; (Right) posterior label probability p(Zn = 1|θS , θI ) for optimal value of lref ; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-visual-comparison-of-imaging-resolution-between-p32qhabi.png Figure 6: A visual comparison of imaging resolution between the µCT and conventional CT for cochlea imaging. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dice-score-for-selected-segmentation-samples-from-2a94i6n1.png Table 4: Dice score for selected segmentation samples from dataset #1 based on the histogram of Fig.7. The ASE are got from automatic quality control algorithm and the DICE score are computed based on manual segmentation. https://scispace.com/papers/bayesian-minimax-estimation-of-the-normal-model-with-wg4sbhfm4s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-maximum-conditional-risk-3715djvt.png TABLE I MAXIMUM CONDITIONAL RISK https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-case-2-3g0t9zx6.png Fig. 4. Case 2: . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-case-which-implies-1k12bu4n.png Fig. 3. Case which implies . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-the-true-minimax-the-dasgupta-133dn8eg.png Fig. 8. Comparison between the true minimax, the DasGupta-Studden, and the Eldar and Merhav estimates. The maximum risks are, respectively, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mse-performance-2yf2snlx.png Fig. 7. MSE performance . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-squared-precision-error-relative-to-the-true-gd4mjg1c.png Fig. 6. Average squared precision error relative to the true minimax solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-numerical-study-bu9s9np1.png TABLE II NUMERICAL STUDY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sampling-points-for-the-prior-covariance-matrix-used-27agzasu.png Fig. 5. Sampling points for the prior covariance matrix used in the experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/bayesian-support-vector-regression-with-automatic-relevance-4zquu6f22y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rmse-and-correlation-coefficient-for-test-data-2qq5sudb.png TABLE I %RMSE AND CORRELATION COEFFICIENT FOR TEST DATA PREDICTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-against-frequency-of-broadband-slot-antenna-2ejd6q4f.png Fig. 2. against frequency of broadband slot antenna corresponding to test geometry . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ultrawideband-cpw-fed-slot-antenna-with-u-shaped-2y6nb2ve.png Fig. 4. Ultrawideband CPW-fed slot antenna with U-shaped tuning stub (top view only). The slot aperture is shaded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-against-frequency-for-ultrawideband-slot-antenna-u4vj4oze.png Fig. 5. against frequency for ultrawideband slot antenna constructed from the regression models for the real and imaginary parts of for the test geometry . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-magnitude-of-reflection-coefficient-against-frequency-21n4x49y.png Fig. 3. Magnitude of reflection coefficient against frequency for broadband slot antenna. https://scispace.com/papers/bcg-vaccination-induces-enhanced-frequencies-of-memory-t-and-vx7cybqmk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-demographics-of-the-study-population-566-layhn3gf.png Table I: Demographics of the study population 566 https://scispace.com/papers/beam-developments-for-the-harwell-microprobe-system-yktoj974t9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-schematic-of-ihc-lmis-housing-and-focussing-lens-the-14hqt5do.png Fig. 6. A .schematic of ihc LMIS housing and focussing lens. The tungsten needle, which is not shown. Ls located centrally in the nipple and protrudes by approximately I mm. In the present studies the nipple was replaced with a commercially available gallium source 113). The extraction voltage is. applied lo the needle and the >vhole source housing sub assembly is floated lo the acceleration voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-silicon-k-x-ray-yield-as-a-function-of-scan-1zcpk6a3.png Fig. 5. The silicon K . X-ray yield as a function of scan position across a 8 Mm *r>£'e aluminium strip on silicon substrate: the Crowes represent data and the circles fit points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-energy-spread-of-a-proiron-beam-from-the-1sbsz5al.png Fig. 4. The energy spread of a proiron beam from the accelerator » n measured by scanning the t>cam energy over the I7Al<p. resonance at 991.9 kcV. The fwhm energy spread is 440 cV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-microprobe-arranged-in-quadruplet-bw3k0m8a.png Table I Parameters of the microprobe arranged in quadruplet, triplet and doublet modes. A quadrupole is described as converging (Cl if an ion moving, in the horizontal plane is deflected towards the an* and diverging (D) if the panicle u deflected away from the- axis. Spatial and angular dimensions for the aberrations are in ^m and mrad respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/beamforming-based-broadcast-scheme-for-multihop-wireless-45235mjsvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-similar-triangles-ajxjzoi9.png Fig. 12: Similar triangles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-transmission-gain-1l1gmg64.png Fig. 5: Power transmission gain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-implicated-nodes-in-the-forwarding-process-for-the-2-1c8y4a15.png Fig. 3: Implicated Nodes in the forwarding process for the 2 approachs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ratio-of-implicated-nodes-comparison-overview-apax08tb.png Fig. 6: Ratio of implicated nodes: Comparison overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-probability-of-transmission-success-comparison-23juto7u.png Fig. 7: Probability of transmission success: Comparison overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-forwarding-shape-jgpcx7uy.png Fig. 11: Forwarding shape https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-implicated-nodes-in-the-transmissions-for-the-2-1b9rg44l.png Fig. 8: Implicated Nodes in the transmissions for the 2 approachs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-probability-of-transmission-success-comparison-jjh1l4qd.png Fig. 10: Probability of transmission success: Comparison overview https://scispace.com/papers/behavior-based-mobility-prediction-for-seamless-handoffs-in-2ru2k8ei5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-bmp-scheme-27qs99rb.png Fig. 4 The BMP scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-possible-bmp-configuration-in-a-wlan-environment-39gg4vy2.png Fig. 3 A possible BMP configuration in a WLAN environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-average-number-of-next-cell-predictions-returned-per-ynrceufz.png Fig. 11 Average number of next-cell predictions returned per handoff https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-number-of-entries-in-hs-table-3egb91dr.png Fig. 10 Number of entries in HS Table https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-handoff-sequence-table-this-table-shows-a-possible-2uqs9n04.png Fig. 5 Handoff Sequence Table. This table shows a possible entries for the example shown in Fig. 3, where the last k = l - 1 visited cells (i.e., cx ! cw) are used to search for the next cell predictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-delay-parameters-used-in-the-simulation-1ryfczgo.png Table 1 Delay parameters used in the simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-model-1nidjfes.png Fig. 8 Simulation model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-path-graphs-for-fig-7-a-kec-b-portland-2zmv1bcp.png Fig. 9 Path graphs for Fig. 7. a KEC. b Portland https://scispace.com/papers/bearscc-robustness-of-single-cell-clusters-determined-using-2pytkqksu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bearscc-improves-clustering-results-and-aids-the-2vt4trci.png Fig. 2 BEARscc improves clustering results and aids the interpretation of biological results. a Comparison of clustering accuracy of control data https://scispace.com/papers/behavioral-effects-of-perinatal-opioid-exposure-6jqd85zqus 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-behavioral-consequences-of-prenatal-1rvnmfc7.png Table 1 A summary of behavioral consequences of prenatal opioid exposure in rodent models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-maternal-morphine-exposure-from-the-day-of-31699bu6.png Fig. 3. Effects of maternal morphine exposure (from the day of mating until weaning, 10 mg/ml/kg subcutaneously) on serum corticosterone and blood glucose changes: (A, C) basal values and (B, D) after acute stress (5 min FST) in adult male and female offspring. For the details of the method, see Klausz et al. (2011). N = 12. (A) Under basal conditions, female rats had higher corticosterone levels (p b 0.01), and morphine pretreatment was able to induce a further increase only in males. (B) At the end of a 5 min challenge, females showed much higher levels (p b 0.01). However, maternal morphine treatment diminished the elevation in both genders (p b 0.01). (C) Resting blood glucose levels were lower in morphine-treated animals (p = 0.05), with more severe changes in females. (D) Stressor exposure induced a smaller increase in females (p b 0.01).*p b 0.05 vs. control treatment; #p b 0.05 vs. male. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effects-of-maternal-morphine-exposure-from-the-day-of-32mrwhj2.png Fig. 2. Effects of maternal morphine exposure (from the day of mating until weaning, 10 mg/m open/total entries (B) and number of closed arm entries (C)) and forced swim test (FST) (% of offspring. For the details of the method, see Klausz et al. (2011). N= 12. Anxiety-like behavior enhanced closed armentries (C; p= 0.05), butmorphinepretreatment did not have a similar ef in females (A, B). Depressive-like behavior was tested in the FST (D, E). As a sign of a more depr (D; p b 0.05). There was an interaction between gender and treatment in the case of struggl treatment; #p b 0.05 vs. male. https://scispace.com/papers/behavioural-psychology-marketing-and-consumer-behaviour-a-1ncbfe5zet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pavlovian-conditioning-2hizcydf.png Figure 1 Pavlovian conditioning https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empirical-consumption-and-marketing-studies-on-the-4se5a8k9.png Table 3 Empirical consumption and marketing studies on the BEC and foraging https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-studies-on-classical-conditioning-in-15a2p6az.png Table 1 Empirical studies on classical conditioning in marketing and advertising, 1982–2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-empirical-studies-in-cba-2001-2013-2dlcu51e.png Table 2 Main empirical studies in CBA, 2001–2013. https://scispace.com/papers/belgian-beers-where-history-meets-globalization-3x7oysgoad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-market-share-of-non-lager-belgian-beers-2003-2z2pkf8z.png Figure 3 Market Share of non-Lager Belgian Beers, 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-belgian-beer-brands-of-the-major-belgian-breweries-10sptjqc.png Table 1 Belgian Beer Brands of the Major Belgian Breweries, by Style. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-trappist-breweries-and-their-production-volume-3jdyb7da.png Table 4 Trappist Breweries and their Production Volume. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-market-shares-of-local-and-foreign-producers-on-the-3ig4t4kq.png Table 2 Market Shares of local and foreign producers on the Belgian Beer Market. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-size-distribution-belgian-breweries-380f17u1.png Table 3 Size Distribution Belgian Breweries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-belgian-beer-production-1980-2009-11n62rhj.png Figure 5 Belgian Beer Production, 1980-2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-consumption-different-types-of-beers-226h37ns.png Figure 4 Evolution Consumption Different Types of Beers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-consumption-beverages-in-belgium-1965-2007-1ostzb7t.png Figure 2 Consumption Beverages in Belgium, 1965-2007 https://scispace.com/papers/bench-stable-transfer-reagent-facilitates-the-generation-of-47y4lcqzzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trifluoromethyl-sulfonimidate-compounds-2l8h5np5.png Figure 2 - Trifluoromethyl sulfonimidate compounds https://scispace.com/papers/benchmark-based-strategy-use-in-atypical-number-lines-1v1hhs85ea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-presented-number-line-in-the-a-typical-b-atypical-om6jk94o.png Figure 1. Presented number line in the (A) typical, (B) atypical, and (C) control condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-of-absolute-error-and-95-ci-for-the-typical-nzkx89k7.png Figure 2. Mean % of absolute error (and 95% CI) for the typical, atypical, and control condition as a function of age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-childrens-and-adults-estimation-2qmttn44.png Table 2 Proportion of Children’s and Adults’ Estimation Patterns best fit by the One-, Two-, and FourCycle Power Model in the Typical and Atypical Condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-aicc-and-daic-for-the-fittings-of-the-different-n-1jxdqnnd.png Table A.1 AICc (and ΔAIC) for the Fittings of the Different N-cycle Power Models on the Median Estimates of the Fifth Graders and the Adults in the Typical and Atypical Condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-percentage-of-92hsxjq5.png Table 1 Mean (and Standard Deviation of) Percentage of Absolute Error (PAE) in Fifth Graders and Adults as a function of Benchmark Location and Condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-black-dotted-line-predictions-in-a-nle-task-where-1n49gdqk.png Figure 1. Presented number line in the (A) typical, (B) atypical, and (C) control condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-a-estimated-numbers-using-a-one-cycle-model-for-a-2evskj7r.png Figure 2. Mean % of absolute error (and 95% CI) for the typical, atypical, and control condition as a function of age. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-of-absolute-error-and-95-ci-at-the-benchmarks-1e3zsxds.png Figure 3. Mean % of absolute error (and 95% CI) at the benchmarks for the typical and atypical condition as a function of age. https://scispace.com/papers/benchmark-density-functional-theory-calculations-for-jv1vjbk0nc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-conductance-for-three-different-vb0woqx5.png FIG. 4. Color online Conductance for three different configurations during the stretching of a small Pt chain. Configurations 1, 2, and 3 correspond to the unstrained chain, maximally strained chain, and a broken chain, respectively. The contact atoms are shown in the insets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-supercell-used-to-model-the-central-3vic119e.png FIG. 5. Color online a Supercell used to model the central region of the Pt–H2–Pt junction. b Transmission function for the Pt-hydrogen bridge. The transmission function at the Fermi level is indicated in the parentheses following the legends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-supercell-used-for-the-dft-calculation-2ick6ff2.png FIG. 3. Color online a Supercell used for the DFT calculation of a short linear Pt chain between Pt 111 surfaces. b The calculated transmission function using methods 1 and 2. The transmission at the Fermi level is indicated in the parentheses following the legends. In the inset, we show the transmission function in the important region near the Fermi level for the DZP basis set and the WF basis set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-a-supercell-used-to-model-the-central-3o5agidv.png FIG. 6. Color online a Supercell used to model the central region of the Au 111 –BDT–Au 111 system with S at the fcc hollow site. b The calculated transmission functions. Note, that the SZ transmission function has been omitted for clarity. The transmission function at the Fermi level is indicated in the parentheses following the legends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-deviation-between-the-wf-and-siesta-389jxgsk.png FIG. 1. Color online Deviation between the WF and SIESTA transmission functions for the five reference systems studied. The dashed line indicates zero deviation from the WF transmission. Notice that the SIESTA results converge toward the WF result as the PAO basis is enlarged. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-supercell-used-to-describe-the-central-jz7pxon1.png FIG. 8. Color online a Supercell used to describe the central region of the bipyridine-Au 111 junction. b Calculated transmission functions the SZ result has been omitted for clarity . The inset shows the dependence of the LUMO position on the basis sets. The transmission function at the Fermi level is indicated in the parentheses following the legends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-transmission-function-of-au-111-bdt-1dmbd9cq.png FIG. 7. Color online The transmission function of Au 111 –BDT–Au 111 for supercells containing a single BDT molecule and with the number of Au 111 surface atoms varying from 2 2 to 5 5 atoms, as indicated in the legends. All the calculations apply the SZP basis set and have been converged with respect to the number of k points. The transmission function at the Fermi level is indicated in the parentheses following the legends. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-central-region-used-to-describe-a-vqsyhmzg.png FIG. 2. Color online a Central region used to describe a single CO molecule adsorbed on a monatomic Au wire. b Transmission functions for the Au wire CO system calculated using method 1 WF and method 2 for three different PAO basis sets. The transmission function at the Fermi level is indicated in the parentheses following the legends. https://scispace.com/papers/belgian-case-study-on-flumethrin-residues-in-beeswax-c6c4p6sev3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-deterministic-calculation-of-the-estimated-daily-2qbawjhl.png Table 3 Deterministic calculation of the estimated daily intake in the worst-case scenario* for honey and/or beeswax consumers only expressed in percentage of the TMDI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-negative-sample-for-flumethrin-1lfitika.png Fig. 1.● negative sample for flumethrin https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-distributions-used-for-the-probabilistic-2y661978.png Table 1 List of the distributions used for the probabilistic risk assessment (only “consuming” people are presented) according to the @Risk software notations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-rate-and-concentration-of-flumethrin-3eczpgbi.png Table 2 Prevalence rate and concentration of flumethrin residues (μg/kg) in beeswax samples from the https://scispace.com/papers/benchmark-modeling-of-the-near-field-and-far-field-wave-3nlpi1teu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-real-seas-target-wave-conditions-1-22hopjpf.png Table 3: Real seas target wave conditions 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-riw-and-rcw-values-at-peak-frequencies-of-real-2qd93m7t.png Figure 21: Figures show offshore and lee transect of the experimental results compared to the computational equivalent from WAMIT for the five WEC array in regular waves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-power-deficit-ratios-in-the-lee-wave-field-for-1v0yryz9.png Figure 20: Power deficit ratios in the lee wave field for specific sea states as a function of frequency plotted on top of incident wave power spectra (Blue dashed lines). Green lines are the 3-WEC RIW, red lines are the 5-WEC RIW. Also pictured as the solid black lines are the sea state specific mechanical power RCW. Incident spectra are included in this plot to show at what frequencies the RIW/RCW comparisons are significant. Y-axis labels on the right side correspond to the incident spectra. The RCW curve is property of CPT so y-axis labels are not included for the left side. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-tables-shows-values-of-the-incident-wave-zv67cogf.png Table 1: The tables shows values of the incident wave conditions for regular waves and spectral seas as measured by average of the offshore gauges and wave guage 10 for the single WEC trials. For the spectral seas cases, Tp is the period of the peak of the spectrum and Hs−in is the zeroth-moment significant wave height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-figure-shows-longshore-transects-of-wave-energy-36scp6x9.png Figure 7: The figure shows longshore transects of wave energy flux computed using Eqn. 15 compared to transects of the planar wave approximation of wave energy flux computed using Eqn. 27. The wavelength is λ′ = 5, and transects are shown at one wavelength in front of the device, through the device, and at one, two, and three wavelengths behind the device. The y-axis is the wave field flux normalized by the incident flux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-measured-changes-to-the-variance-spectra-for-four-2amsdv79.png Figure 12: Measured changes to the variance spectra for four select sea states, between incident and the average of gages thirteen and fourteen in the lee of the array. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-the-top-figure-shows-an-interpolation-between-the-2e7gc888.png Figure 19: The top figure shows an interpolation between the values measured at the wave gauges for a regular wave with a period of T = 1.5 s. The bottom figure shows the WAMIT wave field for the same wave. Note how the interpolation may distort features of the wave field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-42-regular-wave-shadowing-in-wamit-and-swan-for-t-1-2cvg6h6s.png Figure 42: Regular Wave Shadowing in WAMIT and SWAN for T = 1 sec. Diffraction in SWAN is toggled on and off. Blue colors indicate shadowing, where red values indicate increased wave heights https://scispace.com/papers/benchmarking-of-resrad-offsite-transition-from-resrad-onsite-3udrso9hs6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-temporal-variation-of-the-pb-210-concentration-in-167wle0y.png FIGURE 4.4 Temporal Variation of the Pb-210 Concentration in the Aquifer, at the Plume Centerline, and 10.4 km from the Center of the Source https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-temporal-variation-of-the-po-210-concentration-in-23f2m7le.png FIGURE 4.5 Temporal Variation of the Po-210 Concentration in the Aquifer, at the Plume Centerline, and 10.4 km from the Center of the Source https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-simple-model-comparison-of-resrad-offsite-with-1cyahkmh.png TABLE 3.4 Simple Model Comparison of RESRAD-OFFSITE with ISCLT3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-variation-of-release-of-h-3-to-groundwater-with-azvbrnyu.png FIGURE 2.10 Variation of Release of H-3 to Groundwater with Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-9-variation-of-release-of-c-14-to-groundwater-with-2i82mnsk.png FIGURE 2.9 Variation of Release of C-14 to Groundwater with Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-comparison-of-resrad-onsite-and-resrad-offsite-3219alxl.png TABLE 2.2 Comparison of RESRAD (Onsite) and RESRAD-OFFSITE Pathway Doses at t = 3 Yearsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-comparison-of-resrad-onsite-and-resrad-offsite-2xko71vg.png TABLE 2.3 Comparison of RESRAD (Onsite) and RESRAD-OFFSITE Pathway Doses at t = 30 Yearsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-simple-model-comparison-of-resrad-offsite-with-341y33q8.png TABLE 3.1 Simple Model Comparison of RESRAD-OFFSITE with CAP88-PC https://scispace.com/papers/benchmarking-of-software-production-costs-results-5a1jzvnu4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-function-points-structure-zickert-f-beck-r-2013-1otmau7q.png Fig. 1 – Function Points Structure (Zickert, F. & Beck, R. (2013) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-global-benchmarking-2jurnpny.png TABLE I. GLOBAL BENCHMARKING https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-production-cost-eur-fp-ranking-elaborated-by-the-2kwezyq8.png Figure 7- Production Cost €/FP Ranking (elaborated by the authors, 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-charged-rates-3i0hvebq.png Figure 4 - Charged Rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-productivity-per-segment-type-h-fp-169y5oh9.png Fig. 5 - Average Productivity per segment type (H/FP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effort-h-fp-per-industry-2511nnqe.png Figure 6 - Effort H/FP per Industry https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-banks-performance-eur-h-vs-h-fp-34gcmuvy.png Fig. 3 - Banks Performance (€/h) vs (H/FP) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-projects-perfomance-from-7-banks-eur-h-vs-h-fp-20thxxzg.png Fig. 2 - Projects Perfomance from 7 banks (€/h) vs (H/FP) https://scispace.com/papers/benchmarking-top-k-keyword-and-top-k-document-processing-kjb26uvpv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-meilleur-systeme-pour-les-calculs-top-k-1bzffaef.png Table 1: Meilleur système pour les calculs top-k https://scispace.com/papers/bending-strength-of-i-beams-with-webs-of-wood-fibre-board-1tl7klrqc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strength-values-in-bending-for-the-beams-in-the-test-2vkvxqy3.png Table 1. Strength values in bending for the beams in the test (mean values of 23 beams at 10.3 % moisture content) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-of-a-conventional-light-weight-beam-left-2zahc400.png Fig. 1. Cross-section of a conventional light-weight beam (left) and a light-weight beam with triangular flanges (right) https://scispace.com/papers/beneficial-reuse-of-san-ardo-produced-water-4z530umjnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-milestone-chart-year-1-4-5y8rihma.png Table 1 Milestone Chart—Year 1 ………………………………………………………….. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/berkeley-accelerator-space-effects-base-light-ion-facility-2jglizqyd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-control-software-38j4kuzm.png Fig. 4. Control Software https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-light-ion-facility-in-cave-4a-6hhjs13p.png Fig. 1. Light Ion Facility in Cave 4A https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percent-flatness-results-dj312ojs.png Table 1. Percent Flatness Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ion-chamber-3eyswcil.png Fig. 3. Ion Chamber https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-beam-exit-window-2cehhza6.png Fig. 2. Beam Exit Window https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ion-chamber-dose-vs-film-exposure-1pdm2bvt.png Fig. 6. Ion Chamber Dose vs. Film Exposure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-filmalyzer-analyzing-software-vcr2fh0r.png Fig. 5. “Filmalyzer” Analyzing Software https://scispace.com/papers/benefits-management-lost-or-found-in-translation-55nl576kem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bm-practices-adapted-from-serra-and-kunc-2015-16gnalu6.png Table 2 BM Practices Adapted from Serra and Kunc (2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benefits-management-methods-a-comparison-of-the-3adv08wd.png Table 1 Benefits Management methods – a comparison of the approaches of the pioneers (in chronological order of the publication of the first edition) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-layers-and-stages-of-development-of-bm-owmkzfuy.png Fig. 1 The layers and stages of development of BM https://scispace.com/papers/best-approximation-in-hardy-spaces-and-by-polynomials-with-1vrnhu83st 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-smallest-n0-n0-m-e-n-such-that-fn0-6-bm-0-n0-for-1oq7cc4b.png Table 1: Smallest N0 = N0(M, ε) ∈ N such that fN0 6∈ BM,0,N0 , for different values of M and of ε ∈ [10−2, 10−1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fn-t-black-crosses-f0-n-t-blue-crosses-and-gn-t-red-3lzkm50f.png Figure 3: fN |T (black crosses), f0,N |T (blue crosses) and gN |T (red dots) for N = 10, ε = 5.10−2; left: M = 3.81; right: M = 3.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fn-t-black-crosses-f0-n-t-blue-crosses-and-gn-t-red-1hd1ln1y.png Figure 2: fN |T (black crosses), f0,N |T (blue crosses) and gN |T (red dots) for N = 10, ε = 5.10−2; left: M = Mr = 4, right: M = 4.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fn-t-gn-t-eith-w-r-t-th-0-2p-with-m-mr-4-top-for-n-2hckgmd6.png Figure 1: |(fN |T −gN |T)(eiθ)|, w.r.t. θ ∈ [0, 2π], with M = Mr = 4; top: for N = 10 and ε = 10−1 (red), 7.10−2 (blue), 5.10−2 (black), 3.10−2 (green); below: for ε = 5.10−2 and N = 3 (red), 4 (blue), 10 (black), 20 (green), 30 (pink), 50 (violet). https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-greenham-woman-gender-identities-and-anti-nuclear-i0x5puuk79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weve-been-stuck-together-2w787qwe.png Figure 1: We’ve Been Stuck Together https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-open-to-all-comers-1dtxt8ah.png Figure 9: Open to All Comers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-do-you-have-the-strength-of-mind-to-be-a-peace-camp-3b2iiwyc.png Figure 3: Do you have the strength of mind to be a Peace Camp activist? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-punx-in-pigland-2flwalpg.png Figure 8: Punx in Pigland https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-newsletter-ribbon-graphic-peace-anarchism-feminism-248fgeux.png Figure 7: Newsletter ribbon graphic: peace, anarchism, feminism. https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-classical-theories-54b1d3zyv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quantum-mechanical-b3lyp-aug-cc-pvdz-calculation-of-1nfi6mtr.png FIGURE 2. Quantum mechanical (B3LYP/aug-cc-pvdz) calculation of an F-center in a cube of NaCl (Na = blue, Cl = green). The grey surfaces show the electron density isocontours as one zooms into the central Cl vacancy where the electron density is peaked (non-nuclear attractor - NNA). Bader charge analysis shows that the NNA has a charge q(F-center) = -0.5 e. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-photograph-of-nacl-xtl-where-47-ppm-cu2-na-was-3traf54r.png FIGURE 1. (Left) Photograph of NaCl XTL where 47 ppm Cu2+/Na+ was used as a trace dopant. (Right) MRCI/aug-cc-pvtz calculations of the ground and excited states of the NaCl dimer in an electric field as a portrayal of the kinds of states and transitions involved in the mechanism of XTL. https://scispace.com/papers/bevacizumab-plus-radiotherapy-temozolomide-for-newly-2l6iposdzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-20jo2x3f.png Table 1. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics.* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-facing-page-progression-free-and-overall-survival-2azzbda6.png Figure 2 (facing page). Progression-free and Overall Survival. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-117886zg.png Table 2. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-adverse-events-2xu88ble.png Table 2. (Continued.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-31cnjp0i.png Table 1. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics.* https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-happiness-and-satisfaction-toward-well-being-indices-3kjccp6peh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-marginal-utility-estimates-21eq3dds.png Figure 2. Relative Marginal Utility Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-marginal-utility-estimates-108-you-and-1mjxmcnl.png Figure 3. Relative Marginal Utility Estimates: 108 you- and everyone-aspects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partial-welfare-ordering-from-non-local-changes-in-3lrtbgyp.png Figure 1. Partial Welfare Ordering from Non-Local Changes in the Well-Being Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-marginal-utility-estimates-tjqwuiig.png Table 2. Relative Marginal Utility Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondent-demographics-3n2gqxqm.png Table 1. Respondent Demographics https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-local-nash-equilibria-for-adversarial-networks-2yfn42xxui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-exploitability-results-all-9-mode-tasks-top-to-bottom-38fmtni4.png Fig. 3. Exploitability results all 9 mode tasks. Top to bottom: round, grid, random. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-for-mixtures-of-gaussians-with-9-and-16-modes-2f0ypgx7.png Fig. 1. Results for mixtures of Gaussians with 9 and 16 modes. Odd rows: PNMGANG, Even rows: GAN. The histograms represent the probabilities in the mixed strategy of each player. True data is shown in black, while fake data is green. The classification boundary (where the classifier outputs 0.5) is indicated with a red line. Best seen in color. (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-settings-used-to-train-gans-and-rbbrs-1g1pfjqq.png Table 1. Settings used to train GANs and RBBRs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-for-mgan-on-several-mixture-of-gaussian-tasks-t3blqxoq.png Fig. 2. Results for MGAN on several mixture of Gaussian tasks with 9 modes. Markers correspond to samples created by each generator. https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-striping-the-bridge-multiprocessor-file-system-1yqgrlv4s3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-merge-sort-pseudo-code-2byhjnx5.png Figure 1: Merge Sort Pseudo-Code https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sort-tool-performance-10-mbyte-file-3aw38cw9.png Table 1: Sort Tool Performance (10 Mbyte file) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reader-process-pseudo-code-2lpytee9.png Figure 2: Reader Process Pseudo-Code https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-predicted-dashed-versus-actual-performance-b-32rcpy9w.png Figure 3: (a) Predicted (dashed) Versus Actual Performance; (b) Predicted Performance for Larger Systems https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-the-black-box-of-demography-board-processes-and-task-4k9qyegepw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-theoretical-model-17sxioht.png Figure 1: The theoretical model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-multiple-regressions-analysisa-bd5gpp0r.png TABLE 3 Results of Multiple Regressions Analysisa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-pearson-correlation-2li4crz5.png TABLE 2 Descriptive Statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factor-loadings-and-cronbach-s-alpha-3gz15lwy.png Table 1 Factor loadings and Cronbach's Alpha https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-the-static-money-multiplier-in-search-of-a-dynamic-1gvm3lj5t7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-empirical-cdf-of-average-dotted-line-and-dynamic-1vz6gfbi.png Figure 1: Empirical cdf of average (dotted line) and dynamic (solid line) multipliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histograms-of-average-grey-and-dynamic-black-20zct9e2.png Figure 5: Histograms of average (grey) and dynamic (black) multiplier with a star network of monetary transactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-empirical-disribution-of-the-detrended-money-pcaaxbt5.png Figure 6: Empirical disribution of the detrended money multiplier. The dasheddotted line indicates the best t for a power-law. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-of-average-grey-and-dynamic-black-vkgqtjwf.png Figure 4: Histograms of average (grey) and dynamic (black) multiplier with a regular network of monetary transactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-empirical-cdf-of-the-dynamic-multiplier-in-a-random-3oo2uurj.png Figure 3: Empirical cdf of the dynamic multiplier in a random economy with di¤erent paths of propagation. https://scispace.com/papers/beyond-the-need-to-boast-cost-concealment-incentives-and-3ns44e5byd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-information-sharing-3ijqnj9n.png Figure 1: Effects of information sharing https://scispace.com/papers/biases-in-international-portfolio-allocation-and-investor-29usf72294 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearsons-pairwise-correlation-coefficient-between-1smj8qzv.png Table 3 Pearson’s pairwise correlation coefficient between the dependent and independent variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-country-level-averages-of-key-variables-of-interest-3csr7frp.png Table 1 Country level averages of Key Variables of Interest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yearly-home-bias-in-non-giips-and-giips-countries-27w0damf.png Figure 1: Yearly home bias in non-GIIPS and GIIPS countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-yearly-foreign-bias-in-non-giips-and-giips-1py57bwr.png Figure 2: Yearly foreign bias in non-GIIPS and GIIPS countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cross-country-averages-of-control-variables-1u27sksi.png Table 2 Cross-Country Averages of Control Variables https://scispace.com/papers/biases-in-the-distribution-of-bilateral-aid-a-regional-gfpcyhgexu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-results-by-geographic-region-a-f8eap1hb.png Table 1. Regression results by geographic region a https://scispace.com/papers/bicep3-performance-overview-and-planned-keck-array-upgrade-1a18gowkwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-bicep3-sub-kelvin-stages-exposed-during-1401zkmp.png Figure 2: The Bicep3 sub-Kelvin stages exposed during assembly, with various components labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-view-of-bicep3-from-the-roof-of-dsl-showing-the-2vq6vnt6.png Figure 3: View of Bicep3 from the roof of DSL, showing the green insulating boot, comoving forebaffle, and reflective ground shield. The larger Keck Array ground shield is visible in the background and the main Amundsen-Scott station extends along the horizon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-median-per-detector-noise-spectra-for-bicep3-16161lqs.png Figure 5: Left : Median per-detector noise spectra for Bicep3 2015 and 2016 season data, from both pairsummed and pair-differenced minimally processed timestreams (showing 1/f noise rejection of the differenced polarization measurement). Right : Histogram of the per-detector per-scanset noise, applying 3rd-order polynomial timestream filtering and averaged across the 0.1-1 Hz science band. Median values of 449µK √ s and 347µK √ s are marked by vertical dashed lines for the 2015 and 2016 data, respectively. Significantly increased detector population and observing duty cycle explain the much larger 2016 histogram amplitude, which will continue to grow as the season progresses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-summary-of-the-2nd-and-3rd-generations-of-the-bicep-cyhc6vk7.png Figure 6: Summary of the 2nd and 3rd-generations of the Bicep/Keck program. The bottom row shows the beam patterns on the sky with a common scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bicep3-observing-on-the-original-bicep-mount-with-3t7i9pfm.png Figure 4: Bicep3 observing on the original Bicep mount, with the three axes of motion labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nominal-number-of-tes-detectors-and-survey-weight-1prfd6ex.png Table 1: Nominal number of TES detectors and survey weight per year for each of the four BicepArray receivers (220 GHz and 270 GHz make up one receiver), and a comparison to Bicep3 and Keck Array. Bolded detector counts are from fielded receivers. Maximum Keck Array (BicepArray) population across 5 (4) receivers is 2560 (30432) detectors. Bolded survey weights are achieved results, indicating performance taking into account all real world observing inefficiencies (see text for details). Other survey weights are scaled from the bolded values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cutaway-view-of-the-bicep3-cryostat-receiver-with-14s7jyb9.png Figure 1: Cutaway view of the Bicep3 cryostat receiver, with key elements labeled. https://scispace.com/papers/bifurcations-of-stable-sets-in-noninvertible-planar-maps-3xbh3p1a3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-stable-set-w-s-p-blue-curves-of-1-for-a-0-8-and-35waptx2.png Figure 4: The stable set W s(p) (blue curves) of (1) for a = −0.8 and b = 0.08995 shown together with the curves J0, J1 and J2 = f(J1) (gray curves). The saddle point p and its pre-image q are indicated by green crosses. A tangency between the disjoint bubble and J1 must map to a tangency between the primary manifold and J2. The pre-image on J0 of the tangency with J1 is then the onset of a new disjoint bubble. Tangencies and their pre-images are indicated by red crosses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-stable-sets-of-1-for-b-0-25-a-b-0-14-b-b-0-086-1xbhzsrr.png Figure 7: The stable sets of (1) for b = 0.25 (a), b = 0.14 (b), b = 0.086 (c), and b = 0.07 (d). The green shaded area indicates the basin of attraction for the origin (blue triangle). The blue shaded area indicates the basin of attraction of infinity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-representation-of-the-outer-fold-4afdn48j.png Figure 3: A schematic representation of the outer-fold bifurcation. The map f folds the vertical plane along J0 and maps it to the right of J1 onto the horizontal plane. There are two regions Zk and Zk+2 to the left and right of J1 with k and k + 2 rank-one preimages, respectively. The stable set W s(p) does not intersect J1 before the bifurcation, but is tangent to J1 at the outer-fold bifurcation, and has two intersection points with J1 after the bifurcation. After the bifurcation a part of W s(p) extends into the region Zk+2 where there are (locally) two extra pre-images. This part of W s(p) lifts to the folded phase plane, resulting in an isolated closed curve near the pre-image of the tangency point on J0. The shown manifolds are (scaled) data of the map (1) for a = −0.8 and b = 0.25, b = 0.189860 and b = 0.14, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-different-global-flavors-of-the-inner-fold-3l1wsnpg.png Figure 6: Two different global flavors of the inner-fold bifurcation. The stable sets in panels (a) and (b) are mapped to the Zk+2-region as shown in panels (c) and (d), respectively. Panels (a) and (c) demonstrate the case where, at the bifurcation, the stable set intersects J1 outside a local neighborhood of the tangency point, while in (b) and (d) the stable set does not intersect J1 outside a local neighborhood. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-further-bifurcations-of-the-stable-set-w-s-p-of-the-2mzk4m7x.png Figure 2: Further bifurcations of the stable set W s(p) of the saddle p of (1) for a = −0.8; compare Fig. 1. From (a) to (c) the parameter b takes the values 0.014, 0.01306669, and 0.0125, while the curve J0 is at x = 28.571, x = 30.612 and x = 32, respectively. As b → ∞ the disjoint bubbles disappear in inner-fold bifurcations; one such inner-fold bifurcation is shown in panel (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-loop-bifurcation-illustrated-as-in-fig-3-the-16y1byy0.png Figure 8: The loop bifurcation, illustrated as in Fig. 3. The three panels show the unstable manifold (red curve) in a local neighborhood before (a), at (b), and after (c) the bifurcation; the gray line in the vertical phase plane is the direction normal to J0 at the crossing point with W u(x0). The panels were obtained from the normal form (4) for µ = 1, µ = 0 and µ = −1, respectively. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-schematic-representation-of-the-inner-fold-ge7blndx.png Figure 5: A schematic representation of the inner-fold bifurcation, illustrated in the same way as in Fig. 3. The three panels show the local phase portraits before (a), at (b), and after (c) the inner-fold bifurcation using (scaled) data from (1) for a = −0.8 and b = 0.086, b = 0.0845735 and b = 0.07, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bifurcations-of-the-stable-set-w-s-p-blue-curves-of-yx2dypah.png Figure 1: Bifurcations of the stable set W s(p) (blue curves) of the saddle p of (1) for a = −0.8 as b is varied. The curves J0 and J1 are shown in gray. The saddle point p and its pre-image q are indicated by green crosses. Tangency points between W s(p) and J1 and their pre-images are indicated by red crosses. From (a) to (i) the parameter b takes the values 0.25, 0.18960, 0.14, 0.08995, 0.086, 0.0845735, 0.07, 0.04375, and 0.035. https://scispace.com/papers/big-bang-nucleosynthesis-revisited-via-trojan-horse-method-5trpa5jhj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reaction-rate-parameters-appearing-in-equation-11-2m1uvc9v.png Table 4 Reaction Rate Parameters (Appearing in Equation (11)) for 2H(d, p)3H and 2H(d, n)3He Evaluated from the Present Work and S-factors from Direct Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-ratio-of-the-2h-d-p-3h-reaction-rates-7kikb1qr.png Figure 5. Left: ratio of the 2H(d, p)3H reaction rates calculated using THM data to the one obtained from direct data fits (upper panel). The middle and lower panels are similar ratios using rates published in NACRE (Angulo et al. 1999) and Cyburt (2004). Right: same as in the left figure but for the 2H(d, n)3He reaction. The vertical lines represent the approximated lower and upper temperature limits of interest for big bang nucleosynthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reaction-rate-parameters-appearing-in-equation-11-31on2yf6.png Table 5 Reaction Rate Parameters (Appearing in Equation (11)) for 3He(d, p)4He and 7Li(p, α)4He Evaluated from Present Work and S-factors from Direct Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bbn-predictions-using-different-sets-of-data-see-the-3luuircg.png Table 6 BBN Predictions Using Different Sets of Data (See the Text) Compared with Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-ratio-of-the-3he-d-p-4he-reaction-rates-296vlhxk.png Figure 6. Left: ratio of the 3He(d, p)4He reaction rates calculated using THM data to the one obtained from direct data fits (upper panel). The middle and lower panels are similar ratios using rates published in (Smith et al. 1993; lower panel). Right: in the left figure, ratio of rates calculated using THM (as discussed in the text) to the one obtained with a fit to the direct data (without TH) of the S-factors (upper panel). The middle and lower panels are similar ratios with rates published in NACRE (Angulo et al. 1999) and Cyburt (2004). The vertical lines represent the approximated lower and upper temperature limits of interest for big bang nucleosynthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-calculated-bbn-abundance-of-34he-d-and-7li-as-a-159jjm7n.png Figure 7. Calculated BBN abundance of 3,4He, D, and 7Li as a function of time and temperature. The black line represents 4He mass fraction, green represents the deuterium abundance, red represents the 3He abundance, and blue represents the 7Li abundance. The error band represents the uncertainty in the THM measurements and their influence on the abundances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-of-fit-parameters-in-equation-7-for-the-s-2ch2y80h.png Table 2 Table of Fit Parameters (in Equation (7)) for the S-factors of the Reactions 2H(d, p)3H and 2H(d, n)3He Measured in TH Experiments, as Reported in the Text https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-table-of-fit-parameters-in-equation-7-for-the-s-3uc39f92.png Table 3 Table of Fit Parameters (in Equation (7)) for the S-factors of the Reactions 3He(d, p)4He and 7Li(p, α)4He Measured in TH Experiments https://scispace.com/papers/big-data-and-firm-dynamics-2oo5ln1bvj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-firm-size-data-3rd6fm6z.png Table 1—Firm Size Data https://scispace.com/papers/big-linked-and-open-data-applications-in-the-german-34rkajbiqa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-dlr-ontology-2jd0xif2.png Fig. 1. The DLR ontology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-port-areas-identified-by-clc-ua-and-dlr-color-figure-2uwebfpb.png Fig. 4. Port areas identified by CLC, UA, and DLR (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-land-cover-of-venice-visualized-in-sextant-11unjdtb.png Fig. 3. The land cover of Venice visualized in Sextant https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-land-use-of-berlin-and-b-number-of-urban-atlas-areas-3vnfzai4.png Fig. 2. (a) Land use of Berlin and (b) number of Urban Atlas areas contained by a specific annotation of DLR. https://scispace.com/papers/bilateral-primary-renal-diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma-a-rare-3r8jvqlgp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primary-renal-lymphoma-paediatric-cases-13su3lrd.png Table 1: Primary Renal Lymphoma: Paediatric Cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proposed-diagnostic-criteria-for-primary-renal-3esxxssy.png Table 2: Proposed diagnostic criteria for Primary Renal Lymphoma https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-immunology-investigations-gxhk2g65.png Table 1: Primary Renal Lymphoma: Paediatric Cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-magnetic-resonance-angiogram-zkgq55lo.png Figure 2: Magnetic Resonance Angiogram https://scispace.com/papers/binge-drinking-reflection-impulsivity-and-unplanned-sexual-58s8u2n53k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-626-627-12obe0yy.png Table 3. 626 627 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-611-2fztmu9y.png Table 2. 611 https://scispace.com/papers/bilateral-symmetry-based-approach-for-joint-detection-of-2h6s7gj9po 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-result-of-finding-horizontal-lines-in-black-of-2f810it4.png Fig. 4. Result of finding horizontal lines (in black) of bilateral symmetry in 3 sample images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-region-of-interest-for-macula-roi-left-candidate-lines-3a5xndzl.png Fig. 5. Region of interest for macula (ROI). Left Candidate lines of symmetry. Right The sector with center at OD and the ROI, shown as the shaded regions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-definition-of-various-features-used-2my53lit.png TABLE I DEFINITION OF VARIOUS FEATURES USED https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-retinal-image-left-and-its-rough-vessel-map-17bwwt4y.png Fig. 3. Sample retinal image (left) and its rough vessel map (right). The axis of bilateral symmetry is shown as a black line in the colour image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-processing-steps-in-the-proposed-algorithm-vg813sn1.png Fig. 2. Processing steps in the proposed algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-detection-rates-for-macula-on-popular-2u8y9umc.png TABLE II COMPARISON OF DETECTION RATES FOR MACULA ON POPULAR DATASETS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-output-of-the-algorithm-on-various-images-od-is-marked-obbv3g2p.png Fig. 6. Output of the algorithm on various images(OD is marked black and macula is marked white). Top row shows cases without lesions. Bottom row shows cases with lesions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-some-images-where-the-algorithm-does-not-give-correct-snvckami.png Fig. 7. Some images where the algorithm does not give correct output https://scispace.com/papers/bilayer-ldpc-codes-for-the-relay-channel-k4unzvey1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-designed-degree-distribution-for-the-bilayer-graph-36uk9pbg.png TABLE I DESIGNED DEGREE DISTRIBUTION FOR THE BILAYER GRAPH. AN ENTRY (i, j) CORRESPONDS TOλi,j , THE PERCENTAGE OF EDGES OF LEFT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-relay-channel-utfbsxvp.png Fig. 1. The relay channel. https://scispace.com/papers/bioaugmentation-of-hydrogenispora-ethanolica-lx-b-affects-17cdyx7uxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-taxonomic-classification-of-bacterial-communities-5c91gpxy.png Fig. 3. The taxonomic classification of bacterial communities at the genus level. Genus accounting for less than 1% of total composition was identified as ‘‘others”. (a) BC; (b) RBC. CS and LS represents start-up stage for control and LX-B addition, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-conditions-of-bioaugmentation-experiments-for-1ui3cpo5.png Table 1 The conditions of bioaugmentation experiments for batch and repeated cultivations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phylogenetic-distances-between-samples-assessed-via-9cuj1jcq.png Fig. 4. Phylogenetic distances between samples assessed via principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydrogen-production-rate-and-lag-phase-time-in-bc-3a87idtl.png Table 2 Hydrogen production rate and lag-phase time in BC and RBC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-profiles-of-the-intermediate-metabolite-production-in-2a1hh1ok.png Fig. 1. Profiles of the intermediate metabolite production in B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-distribution-of-intermediate-metabolites-in-rbc-a-1n1kzge2.png Fig. 2. The distribution of intermediate metabolites in RBC. (a) Ethanol; (b) acetate; (c) propionate; (d) n-butyrate. https://scispace.com/papers/biochemical-mechanisms-of-resistance-to-insects-in-soybean-5g18z7pyiu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dosage-response-relationshipof-cthyl-acetate-and-water-1ujeom40.png Fig. 5. Dosage response relationshipof cthyl acetate and water fractions of 60% methanol extract and ethyl acetate extrilct of PI 227687 and Davis leaves. Figures in parenthesis on vcrticitl axis fctr Antifeedmt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ant-leedant-activity-o-f-hexane-ethyl-acetate-and-8dqwupry.png Fig. 3. Ant~leedant activity o f hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions o f PI 227687 leaves to cahhage looper. 7'. tri under double-choice condi t ion (4000 rgldisc). Treated and control bars with tlie same letter are not signil'icantly different at P < 0 . 0 5 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-do-agr-responae-relarlonship-for-elhyl-rcclatc-ea-and-r97qv6q4.png Fig. 2. Do\agr-responae relarlonship for elhyl ;rcclatc (EA) and water fractions of ethyl acetate ex~r;ictahlcs of PI 227687 leaves. https://scispace.com/papers/biochemical-parameter-estimation-vs-benchmark-functions-a-2ag3s4qtdg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-kiviat-diagram-showing-the-final-abf-value-obtained-2sf7sc39.png Figure 8: Kiviat diagram showing the final ABF value obtained by the meta-heuristics in the PE of synthetic models characterized by 50 reactions and 50 molecular species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-kiviat-diagram-showing-the-final-abf-value-obtained-2zz2jrcr.png Figure 7: Kiviat diagram showing the final ABF value obtained by the meta-heuristics on the benchmark functions with M = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-kiviat-diagram-showing-the-final-abf-value-obtained-15rnn7fz.png Figure 5: Kiviat diagram showing the final ABF value obtained by the meta-heuristics on the benchmark functions with M = 25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-kiviat-diagram-showing-the-final-abf-value-obtained-1rf8h9b3.png Figure 6: Kiviat diagram showing the final ABF value obtained by the meta-heuristics in the PE of synthetic models characterized by 25 reactions and 25 molecular species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-performances-of-cma-es-eda-and-3qbyoryn.png Figure 9: Comparison of the performances of CMA-ES, EDA and FST-PSO (no vmin) with normal and logarithmic semantics of parameters, for the parameter estimation of Model 10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functioning-settings-of-the-exploited-optimization-woxr3n0c.png Table 1: Functioning settings of the exploited optimization algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-the-performances-of-cma-es-and-fst-3qm36vtr.png Figure 10: Comparison of the performances of CMA-ES and FST-PSO (no vmin) with normal and logarithmic semantics of parameters, for the estimation of the 78 kinetic parameters of the human intracellular core metabolic pathways model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-performances-in-terms-of-abf-3ds5y168.png Figure 4: Comparison of the performances in terms of ABF achieved by the meta-heuristics for the PE of synthetic models characterized by 50 reactions and 50 molecular species. https://scispace.com/papers/biochemical-proxies-indicate-differences-in-soil-c-cycling-2e6jmpafv4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-absorbance-of-organic-functional-groups-1z72jy7u.png Table 4 Relative absorbance of organic functional groups assessed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy of soils in a 9-year conservation agriculture trial in western Kenya. Spectra were collected on neat (no KBr dilution) samples. Significant differences (p < 0.05) determined by Tukey’s test are indicatd by * https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-properties-in-year-9-2012-of-a-conservation-nivdc0e7.png Table 1 Soil properties in year 9 (2012) of a conservation agriculture trial in western Kenya. Soil organic carbon (SOC) values are derived from measurements by Paul et al. (2015) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-activities-of-c-cycling-enzymes-in-a-9-year-2u3bz35r.png Fig. 1 Activities of C-cycling enzymes in a 9-year conservation agriculture trial in western Kenya under conventional tillage (+T) and reduced tillage (−T), and residue retention (+R) and residue removal (−R) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-potential-activities-of-c-3avnega1.png Table 3 Associations between potential activities of C-cycling enzymes and C fractions in soils (0–15 and 15–30 cm depths) in year 9 of a conservation agriculture trial in western Kenya https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-soil-permanganate-oxidizable-carbon-poxc-in-a-9-year-xqvgz0r4.png Table 2 Soil permanganate-oxidizable carbon (POXC) in a 9- year conservation agriculture trial in western Kenya under conventional tillage (+T) and reduced tillage (−T), and residue retention (+R) and residue removal (−R) https://scispace.com/papers/biodegradation-mediated-alterations-in-acute-toxicity-of-slcgkv9qsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-biotransformation-and-mineralization-of-13-120np5rp.png Fig. 1. Biotransformation and mineralization of 1,3-dimethylnaphthalene (A), phenanthrene (B) and LE-WAFs (C), shown as first-order rates. Calculations f % biotransformation and mineralization are described in Materials and Methods. The reference used for calculation is sterilized controls (biotransformation) or ThOD (mineralization). In samples with 1,3-dimethylnaphthalene and phenanthrene, biotransformation rates are shown for the sum of the HCs on the adsorbents and in the SW (Ads + SW) or attached to the adsorbents (Ads). https://scispace.com/papers/biodegradable-poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-4jhhq72u3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-visual-appearance-of-the-tested-blend-films-phbv-3cpp6u67.png Figure 7. Visual appearance of the tested blend films (PHBV/TPU) after selected time points during the composting process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weight-loss-versus-temperature-of-the-tested-31b39hgf.png Figure 3. Weight loss versus temperature of the tested materials as analysed by TGA. Inset displays the DTG curves for the same samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-morphology-of-phbv-tpu-blends-figure-1a-1f-scanning-29y58xqf.png Figure 1. Morphology of PHBV/TPU blends. Figure 1a-1f: Scanning electron images of 95/5 (a), 90/10 (b), 80/20 (c), 70/30 (d), 60/40 (e) and 50/50 (f). Particle size distribution for the PHBV/TPU blends (g). D10, D50 and D90 values of the PHBV/TPU blends (h). Accumulated frequency of particle sizes in the ester-blends (i). Detail of PHBV/TPU blend interfaces (j). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vapour-permeability-of-the-neat-materials-and-their-210agt8l.png Figure 5. Vapour permeability of the neat materials and their tested blends to water and limonene. https://scispace.com/papers/biodegradation-of-sorbed-2-4-dinitrotoluene-in-a-clay-rich-lgw4sd7nt9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-biodegradation-and-leaching-of-24-dnt-from-clay-eu4hawfo.png FIGURE 3. Biodegradation and leaching of 2,4-DNT from clay aggregates. Columns initially containing 1.93 µmol of sorbed 2,4- DNT were percolated at a rate of 0.25 cm min-1 either with a bacterial suspension of an OD600 of 0.606 or with buffer. Symbols represent effluent concentrations of cells (2), nitrite (9), and 2,4-DNT (b) from columns percolated with cells and 2,4-DNT from cell free columns (O) (A). Cumulated amounts of leached (O) or leached and transformed (calculated from released nitrite) 2,4-DNT (b), in abiotic and biotic columns, respectively (B). Error bars represent standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-isotherms-for-24-dinitrotoluene-sorption-to-kbe5s4q1.png FIGURE 1. Isotherms for 2,4-dinitrotoluene sorption to montmorillonite aggregates (A) and Burkholderia sp. cells (B). The solid lines represent curve fittings to the Langmuir (A) and Freundlich equation (B), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-breakthrough-curves-of-thiourea-and-bacteria-in-fktc6yz9.png FIGURE 2. Breakthrough curves of thiourea and bacteria in columns packed with clay-coated glass beads. C0 was 60 µM for thiourea and OD280 of 0.621 for bacteria. The dotted lines indicate the substitution of thiourea solution (left) and bacterial suspension (right) by buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-substitution-of-the-cell-suspension-by-3gmwk50w.png FIGURE 5. Effect of substitution of the cell suspension by buffer (indicated by the dotted line) on biodegradation and leaching of 2,4-DNT from clay aggregates. Columns containing 1.93 µmol of sorbed 2,4-DNT were initially percolated with a bacterial suspension of an OD600 of 0.606 at a rate of 0.25 cm min-1. Symbols represent effluent concentrations of cells (2), nitrite (9), and 2,4-DNT (b). Error bars represent standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biodegradation-and-leaching-of-24-dnt-from-clay-16ictvjt.png FIGURE 4. Biodegradation and leaching of 2,4-DNT from clay aggregates. Columns initially containing 0.99 µmol of sorbed 2,4- DNT were percolated at a rate of 0.25 cm min-1 either with a bacterial suspension of an OD600 of 0.621 or with buffer. Symbols represent effluent concentrations of cells (2), nitrite (9), and 2,4- DNT (b) from columns percolated with cells and 2,4-DNT from cell free columns (O) (A). Cumulated amounts of leached (O) or leached and transformed (calculated from released nitrite) 2,4-DNT (b), in abiotic and biotic columns, respectively (B). Error bars represent standard deviations. https://scispace.com/papers/bioeconomic-modeling-of-farm-household-decisions-for-ex-ante-t9myucojp9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-input-and-output-factors-in-nutrient-balance-2s40pow2.png Table 2 Input and output factors in nutrient balance equation Input Output https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-soil-loss-in-the-watershed-tons-ha-under-1w2vtzql.png Fig. 5 Simulated soil loss in the watershed (tons/ha) under alternative irrigation scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-labour-uses-for-conservation-measures-mds-1pf3tm1i.png Fig. 6 Simulated labour uses for conservation measures (MDs) under alternative irrigation scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-study-area-and-layot-of-the-adarsha-28j7sq6w.png Fig. 1 Location of study area and layot of the Adarsha Watershed, Kothapally, Rangareddy District, AP https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-change-in-irrigated-area-in-the-watershed-2mn3rk22.png Table 4 Impact of change in irrigated area in the watershed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-labour-uses-for-conservation-measures-mds-303h2wh8.png Fig. 4 Simulated labour uses for conservation measures (MDs) under alternative yield scenarios for dryland crops https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-average-soil-loss-in-the-watershed-tons-ha-zwebaroq.png Fig. 3 Simulated average soil loss in the watershed (tons/ha) under alternative yield scenarios for dryland crops https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-versus-observed-land-use-as-of-total-crop-38mi39vm.png Fig. 2 Simulated versus observed land use as % of total crop area (watershed level). Regression line fit: Coeff = 0.93; SE = 0.51; R2 = 0.97 https://scispace.com/papers/bioimpedance-and-bone-fracture-detection-a-state-of-the-art-3wdbfzzcxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-five-bone-electrodes-affixed-onto-rabbit-femur-to-cn18je8j.png Figure 3. A. Five bone-electrodes affixed onto rabbit femur to measure cortical bioimpedance. B. Circuit diagram with a “current source” to estimate bioimpedance modulus in vivo rabbits. After Rinaldi et al.[46]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-buffalo-tibial-bioimpedance-from-intact-to-broken-2dk1r1y0.png Figure 2. Buffalo tibial bioimpedance from intact to broken condition. From 334.1 ohm for intact, Z increases to 334.7 for fractured bone. After Khan et al.[39]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bone-integrity-by-electrical-impedance-measurements-989f1ufr.png Table 1. Bone integrity by Electrical Impedance Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electrical-impedance-spectroscopy-a-average-3gdyawl0.png Figure 1. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. A. Average resistivity for the axial direction as a function of frequency. B. Average specific capacitance for the axial direction as a function of frequency [21]. https://scispace.com/papers/biohybrid-structures-consisting-of-biotinylated-36qit9k0ci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-possible-biohybrid-structures-from-the-theoretical-20enrv1z.png Fig. 1 Possible biohybrid structures from the theoretical point of view when conjugating monovalent (a) and bivalent (b) biotinylated glycodendrimers with avidin in defined molar ratios. Those supramolecular structures, obtained here in this study, will be directly analysed in conjugation solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-synthesis-of-biotinylated-glycodendrimers-g4-ds-c6bx-3q7fqnwv.png Fig. 2 (a) Synthesis of biotinylated glycodendrimers G4-DS-C6Bx and G4-DS-PEG12Bx, x ¼ 1, 2 and 4: (i) conversion of PPI-G4 with a biotin ligand and BOP in DMSO at room temperature for 2 days; biotin ligand: biotinyl-6-aminocaproic acid (C6B) or HOOC-PEG12-biotin (PEG12B); (ii) reductive amination of the precursor with a ratio of NH2/maltose/ BH3$Pyr of 1/20/20 in sodium borate solution at 50 C for 7 days followed by dialysis in distilled water; the details of themolar ratios can be seen in Table 2; (b) overview of final compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-structure-and-dimensions-of-avidin-5051-b-assumed-3dskdoht.png Fig. 7 (a) Structure and dimensions of avidin;50,51 (b) assumed favoured coupling of two bGD as proposed by Sinha et al.;50 (c) sterical shielding effect of the coupled glycodendrimers due to similar sizes of avidin and the bGD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1h-nmr-spectrum-a-of-g4-peg12b2-and-b-of-g4-dspeg12b2-2h58t0wr.png Fig. 3 1H NMR spectrum (a) of G4-PEG12B2 and (b) of G4-DSPEG12B2 (solvent: D2O). The signals of the biotin ligand PEG12B and of the PPI-G4 core are assigned in (a). Maltosylation results in additional broad signals which are shown in (b). Arrows point to ligand signals well observable also after maltosylation (# hexamethylphosphoramide derivative). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-molecular-weights-of-the-separated-1ad1qgqa.png Table 5 Average molecular weights of the separated components in the bio-hybrid associate avidin–G4-DS-C6B1 with a molar ratio of 1/1 and 1/3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-haba-displacement-assay-titration-of-a-preformed-1lc4zk4l.png Fig. 4 HABA displacement assay: titration of a preformed avidin–HABA complex with left panel: G4-DS-PEG12Bx (xtheoretical ¼ 1, 2 and 4) and right panel: G4-DS-C6Bx (xtheoretical ¼ 1, 2 and 4) as well as G4-DS and biotin as references. https://scispace.com/papers/biogeochemical-processes-in-a-clay-formation-in-situ-28g3vvmxld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-activity-ratios-of-ca2-to-mg2-calculated-for-3a35jeex.png Figure 4 Activity ratios of Ca2+ to Mg2+ calculated for samples from the PC-C, BWS-A1 and BWS-A3 boreholes using the Thermoddem database (BRGM). Calculations were made at sample temperatures, which range from 10 to 13°C. The value for (2 logKcalcite – logKdolomite) corresponds to 13°C. The bars on the values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correspondence-between-solution-composition-1zlm4qvg.png Table 2: Correspondence between solution composition variables and constraints on their concentrations in various pore water equilibrium models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-potassium-sodium-ratios-measured-in-1j7u71k2.png Figure 1 Comparison of potassium/sodium ratios measured in Mont Terri borehole waters (circles and squares) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exchangeable-cation-exchange-populations-measured-on-1to1akcs.png Table 3 Exchangeable cation exchange populations measured on Opalinus Clay core samples from Mont Terri. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schoeller-diagram-comparing-average-measured-bwsa-3-2eyv8vh6.png Figure 2 Schoeller diagram comparing average measured BWSA-3 major solute compositions with results of models with different constraints. Designations of constraint sets refer to Table 5.10 of Pearson et.al. (2003) and are given in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-water-samples-from-boreholes-pc-c-bws-33wxtbwe.png Table 1: Composition of water samples from boreholes PC-C, BWS-1 and BWSA-3 in Mont Terri URL. Averages and 1 standard deviation values are of analyses given by Vinsot et al. (2008), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schoeller-diagram-comparing-average-measured-bwsa-3-1fwefjka.png Figure 3 Schoeller diagram comparing average measured BWSA-3 redox-sensitive solute concentrations with results of models with different constraints. Designations of constraint sets refer to Table 5.10 of https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-exchanger-composition-and-saturation-1g48limp.png Table 6 Comparison of exchanger composition and saturation indices with modelled one using various mineralogical assemblages. Calculations were performed with BRGM THERMODDEM database. https://scispace.com/papers/biological-maturity-and-primary-school-children-s-physical-1m28efwnz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-about-here-boys-reported-significantly-higher-paq-c-encgvc5w.png TABLE 1 ABOUT HERE Boys reported significantly higher PAQ-C scores than girls (t 173 = 4.03, P < 0.0001, d = 0.52; Table 2). This moderate effect size increased by 23% when years from APHV was included as a covariate (F 1, 172 = 12.24, P =0 .001, d = 0.64; Table 3). Analysis of the ActiGraph data confirmed that the boys were significantly more active than the girls (Wilks’Λ = .82, F 4, 170 = 9.15, P < 0.0001). Follow-up univariate ANOVAs revealed significant sex differences for MPA, VPA, MVPA, and counts • min -1 (Table 2). The largest effects were for MPA (d = 0.72) and MVPA (d = 0.67). The recommended 60 minutes of MVPA per day were achieved by 63.2% of boys and 36.8% of girls. The significant sex differences in objectively assessed physical activity disappeared when years from APHV was co-varied into the analysis (Wilks’Λ = .98, F 4, 169 = 1.10, P = 0.36). Adjusted counts • min -1 and minutes spent in the different physical activity intensities are presented in Table 3. Effect sizes for sex-differences in objectively assessed physical activity reduced by an average of 54% when the effect of maturity was controlled. TABLES 2 & 3 ABOUT HERE https://scispace.com/papers/biological-activities-of-isolated-icariin-from-epimedium-114umgbly5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-extraction-and-isolation-of-icariin-from-epimedium-318e7dq2.png Fig. 1. Extraction and isolation of icariin from Epimedium koreanium Nakai. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-cell-growth-of-human-b-rhamos-cell-and-t-jurkat-3acb0748.png Fig. 5. The cell growth of human B (Rhamos) cell and T (Jurkat) cell of isolated icariin and standard icariin (500 μg/ mL). ◆, EtOH extract; ■, isolated icariin; ▲, standard icariin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-analytical-conditions-for-hplc-of-icariin-from-chb1q53x.png Table 1. The analytical conditions for HPLC of icariin from Epimedium koreanum Nakai https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentrations-of-icariin-in-ethanol-extract-and-its-mnuy1o59.png Table 2. Concentrations of icariin in ethanol extract and its various fractions from Epimedium koreanum Nakai https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dpph-free-radical-scavenging-activities-of-each-3sc54jim.png Table 3. DPPH free radical scavenging activities of each fraction Epimedium koreanum Nakai https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-antimutagenic-effects-of-isolated-icariin-and-7ed19fvk.png Fig. 2. The antimutagenic effects of isolated icariin and standard icariin against B(a)P induced Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. ◆, isolated icariin; ■, standard icariin; ▲, control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effect-of-isolated-icariin-and-standard-icariin-on-3n7pshrg.png Fig. 4. The effect of isolated icariin and standard icariin on the growth of human B cell (Rhamos) and T cell (Jurkat). ◆, EtOH extract; ■, isolated icariin; ▲, standard icariin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-antimutagenic-effects-of-isolated-icariin-and-11df2xz1.png Fig. 3. The antimutagenic effects of isolated icariin and standard against 4NQO induced Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. ◆, isolated icariin; ■, standard icariin; ▲, control. https://scispace.com/papers/biological-markers-evaluated-in-randomized-trials-of-43vrw400w0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-risk-of-bias-graph-review-authors-judgments-about-each-1cpjcas6.png Fig. 2. Risk of bias graph: review authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-forest-plot-of-standardized-mean-differences-at-post-oxqqckqw.png Fig. 3. Forest plot of standardized mean differences at post-treatment for psychological interventions (psy) versus control conditions (ctrl) for (a) glycaemic control and (b) cortisol concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prisma-flow-diagram-of-the-study-selection-process-for-lp7cx02o.png Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram of the study selection process for the trials included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/biological-complexity-quantum-coherent-states-and-the-shgqvobgfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-equivalent-states-in-two-component-system-2rv48ikl.png Fig. 4. Two equivalent states in two-component system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-control-of-the-folding-by-different-potentials-1ovbx8mr.png Fig. 5. Control of the folding by different potentials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-equivalent-states-in-two-component-aperiodical-m54klmry.png Fig. 6. Two equivalent states in two-component aperiodical system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shannons-system-of-information-transmission-28neiicn.png Fig. 7. Shannon’s system of information transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-equivalent-states-in-one-component-system-at-third-3ndtci4v.png Fig. 1. Equivalent states in one-component system at third step of folding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equivalent-states-in-one-component-system-at-fifth-1en5jlfn.png Fig. 3. Equivalent states in one-component system at fifth step of folding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-equivalent-states-in-one-component-system-at-fourth-vbenh0mo.png Fig. 2. Equivalent states in one-component system at fourth step of folding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-similarities-and-differences-between-behavior-of-187z2ole.png Table 1 Similarities and differences between behavior of biologically important molecules and the phenomena of superfluidity and superconductivity. https://scispace.com/papers/biology-propagation-and-utilization-of-elite-coconut-48l4rzt11l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attempts-and-suggestions-in-embryo-culture-for-the-wrnkmwew.png Table 1. Attempts and suggestions in embryo culture for the makapuno variety. https://scispace.com/papers/biomechanical-forces-promote-embryonic-haematopoiesis-149pduzfrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-runx1-expression-and-c-f-u-activity-are-shear-px66op7e.png Figure 4. Runx1 expression and c.f.u. activity are shear-stress-dependent a, PSp isolated from E9.25 Ncx1−/− embryos show reduced gene expression levels of the haematopoietic markers Runx1 (P = 0.02) and Klf2 (P = 0.003) when compared to matched wild-type (WT) or heterozygous (Het) littermate controls; n = 13 Ncx1−/−, n = 15 controls. b, Shear stress increases the expression of Runx1 in E9.25 Ncx1−/− PSp cultures to levels comparable to the one observed in littermate controls; real-time quantitative PCR, n = 4, ANOVA, P = 0.03. Post-hoc multiple comparisons are two-tailed t-test with P < 0.02. c, Shear stress induces c.f.u. activity in Ncx1−/− PSp-derived cells. Average ± s.e.m.; P = 0.01. Inset shows average distribution of haematopoietic colony types at day 14 after replating; n = 6. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005. https://scispace.com/papers/biomechanical-implications-of-excessive-endograft-protrusion-578vo1x0oi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transmural-pressure-across-the-protruded-endograft-3qb7vrdo.png Table 2: Transmural pressure across the protruded endograft wall and endograft displacements for all patients; Case A with PE=19mm; Case B with PE=21mm; Case C with PE=26mm; Case D with PE=28mm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tag-device-displacements-experimentally-measured-28d4g4sp.png Table 1: TAG device displacements experimentally measured under different perfusion conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tag-device-displacements-experimentally-measured-2kzanasb.png Table 1: TAG device displacements experimentally measured under different perfusion conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transmural-pressure-across-the-protruded-endograft-15v99sj4.png Table 2: Transmural pressure across the protruded endograft wall and endograft displacements for all patients; Case A with PE=19mm; Case B with PE=21mm; Case C with PE=26mm; Case D with PE=28mm https://scispace.com/papers/biomarker-based-phase-ii-trial-of-savolitinib-in-patients-29hi0s9dig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kaplan-meier-estimate-of-progressionfree-survival-pfs-r1qjk1m4.png Fig 2. Kaplan-Meier estimate of progressionfree survival (PFS), defined as time from the date of first dosing until the date of objective disease progression or death resulting from any cause, in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma by MET status (treatment population). (+) indicates censored event. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overall-incidence-of-aes-and-those-considered-3se6f2g9.png Table 3. Overall Incidence of AEs and Those Considered Related to Savolitinib Treatment Occurring in $ 3% of Patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-demographic-and-baseline-clinical-v6mh25pp.png Table 1. Patient Demographic and Baseline Clinical Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tumor-responses-in-overall-treatment-population-and-2swz19gm.png Table 2. Tumor Responses in Overall Treatment Population and byMET Status https://scispace.com/papers/biomineral-repair-of-abalone-shell-apertures-3hjfuzfbqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mineralogy-of-aperture-infill-of-h-asinina-h-2ncq43ld.png Figure 6 Mineralogy of aperture infill of H. asinina, H. gigantea and H. rufescens shells 213 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thickness-relationships-of-prismatic-layer-and-the-3jaxjhdw.png Figure 3 Thickness relationships of prismatic layer and the corresponding cross-section 191 in H. asinina, H. gigantea and H. rufescens shells. 192 https://scispace.com/papers/biophysical-basis-of-hb-s-polymerization-in-red-blood-cell-5czzrupawn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-spatial-distances-between-the-three-types-of-2wmcygzx.png Table 2: The spatial distances between the three types of atoms of the Glu6-Glu7-Lys132 axis (Fig 2). In this table, the details of the three colors (Blue, Red and Green) are provided in the caption of Fig 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-salt-bridges-formed-between-glu7-and-lys132-in-l7sg19t3.png Table 1: The salt bridges formed between Glu7 and Lys132 in the second structural model (PDB ID: 2M6Z). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-glu7-lys132-salt-bridge-in-the-second-model-pdb-t1zixeqt.png Figure 1: The Glu7-Lys132 salt bridge in the second model (PDB ID: 2M6Z, Table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-dimensional-projection-of-the-three-dimensional-vefae3r6.png Figure 2: Two-dimensional projection of the three-dimensional geometric configurations of the Glu6-Glu7-Lys132 axis. In this figure, the large black solid circle represents the Nζ atom of Lys132, the small red and green solid circles represent the side chain oxygen atoms (Oε1 and Oε2) of Glu7 and Glu6, respectively. The inter-actomic distances are included in Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/biosensor-based-on-ultrasmall-mos2-nanoparticles-for-2mkf0xtkbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-amperometric-responses-of-the-ultrasmall-mos2-17lecvql.png Figure 3. (a) Amperometric responses of the ultrasmall MoS2 nanoparticles modified electrode to the successive addition of H2O2 in the N2 saturated 0.1 M PBS at −0.25 V. The inset shows a close look of the response current to 20 nM H2O2. (b) A close look of the response current of the ultrasmall MoS2 nanoparticles modified electrode to several micromolar H2O2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cv-of-the-ultrasmall-mos2-nanoparticles-modified-3cerhqwq.png Figure 2. CV of the ultrasmall MoS2 nanoparticles modified electrode with and without 5.00 mM H2O2 in the N2 saturated 0.1 M PBS at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cv-of-the-mos2-god-modified-electrode-in-the-o2-7p14k7re.png Figure 8. CV of the MoS2/GOD modified electrode in the O2 saturated 0.1 M PBS containing various concentrations of glucose: (a) 2.00, (b) 4.00, (c) 6.00, (d) 8.00, (e) 10.0, (f) 12.0, (g) 14.0, and (h) 16.0 mM from up to down at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. The inset is the calibration curve of the current response to the concentration of glucose from 2.00 mM to 16.0 mM at −0.7 V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-amperometric-responses-of-the-ultrasmall-mos2-jluj50mi.png Figure 7. Amperometric responses of the ultrasmall MoS2 nanoparticles modified electrode to the addition of 0.3 μM fMLP with and without Raw 264.7 cells as well as in the presence of Raw 264.7 cells without fMLP in the N2 saturated 0.1 M PBS at −0.25 V. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tem-image-of-the-mos2-nanoparticles-b-afm-image-vh5ogcqk.png Figure 1. (a) TEM image of the MoS2 nanoparticles, (b) AFM image of the MoS2 nanoparticles, (c) SEM image of the MoS2 nanoparticles modified film, and (d) SEM image of the MoS2 nanoparticles modified film with higher resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-current-response-of-the-electrode-to-logarithm-of-2u94874p.png Figure 4. Current response of the electrode to logarithm of the H2O2 concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-calibration-curve-of-the-amperometric-response-to-j0yooouy.png Figure 5. (a) Calibration curve of the amperometric response to the concentration of H2O2 from 5.0 nM to 100 nM. (b) Calibration curve of the amperometric response to the concentration of H2O2 from 0.100 μM to 100 μM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-determination-limit-of-the-ultrasmall-mos2-1hwc0sre.png Figure 6. Determination limit of the ultrasmall MoS2 nanoparticles modified electrode. https://scispace.com/papers/biosensor-controlled-gene-therapy-drug-delivery-with-5bjz370ejp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-relative-gene-expression-levels-comparing-tethered-2cnmlqum.png Figure 10: Relative gene expression levels comparing tethered, untethered, and free gene sequences linked to fluorescent GFP reporter sequences. If genes are not tethered properly to the nanoparticles, there is a significant drop in gene expression level as compared to free genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-nanoparticle-delivery-system-delivers-the-1yub494f.png Figure 3: The nanoparticle delivery system delivers the therapeutic gene template which uses the host cell machinery and local materials to manufacture therapeutic gene sequences that are expressed under biosensor-controlled delivery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-cells-were-transfected-with-either-are-gfp-stress-t6a9vksf.png Figure 12: Cells were transfected with either ARE-GFP (stress biosensor) or TK-GFP (a control gene). 24 hours later the cells were stressed with a chemical to simulate space radiation stress. The cells were examined every 12 hours post treatment. Weak fluorescence was present at hour 48 and at hour 60 photographs were taken. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-using-the-principle-of-biomimicry-we-can-mimic-2zv3qimd.png Figure 4: Using the principle of "Biomimicry" we can mimic Nature by making a nanoparticle look, at least at first encounter, like a virus. But the nanoparticle can contain antiviral molecules inside to combat viral infection at he single cell level. https://scispace.com/papers/biotransformation-of-the-antibiotic-agent-cephadroxyl-and-lnaramgz8x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decolourisation-percentage-of-rb5-cc-corresponds-to-21hnw4x1.png Figure 4. Decolourisation percentage of RB5. CC corresponds to fungus cultures in suspension. CL are the immobilisation assays. Control 1: culture medium with RB5 dye [200 mg L-1], without fungus and without luffa sponge. Control 2: culture medium with RB5 dye [200 mg L-1], with luffa sponge and without fungus. Experimental conditions: 28 °C, 160 rpm, pH= 5.6, 15 days. Data points are means and standard deviations (n= 3). There is a significant difference between CL and CC results at every moment (p-value < 0.01) except at day 15 (p-value > 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evaluation-of-the-ligninolytic-enzymatic-activities-hcd1nv14.png Figure 5. Evaluation of the ligninolytic enzymatic activities. CL correspond to the immobilisation experiment with dye. CC is the fungus culture in suspension with dye. HM is the dye-free suspended fungus culture. LC corresponds to the dye-free immobilisation experiments. A) Specific activity Lac for dye containing cultures, B) Specific activity VP for dye containing cultures, C) Specific activity MnP for dye containing cultures. Experimental conditions: 28 °C, 160 rpm, pH= 5.6, 15 days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-of-fungi-on-materials-used-for-biomass-17jvyylb.png Table 1. Growth of fungi on materials used for biomass immobilisation after fifteen days of the experiment. The experiment was carried out in the absence of antibiotic or dye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cpd-removal-and-aa-over-time-a-al-leptosphaerulina-3jkhjnb5.png Figure 1. CPD removal % and AA % over time. A) AL Leptosphaerulina sp. immobilised, B) AC Leptosphaerulina sp. in suspension. Experimental conditions: 28 °C, 160 rpm, pH= 5.6, 15 days. Data points are means and standard deviations (n= 3). There were no significant differences between AL and AC results at any moment (p-value > 0.05) except at day 15 (p-value < 0.001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evaluation-of-the-ligninolytic-enzymatic-activities-2cyq1b0e.png Figure 2. Evaluation of the ligninolytic enzymatic activities. AL to the immobilisation experiments with CPD. AC are the fungus cultures in suspension with CPD. HM is the cultivation of the fungus in suspension free of CPD antibiotic. LC corresponds to the immobilisation experiments free of CPD. A) Specific activity Lac, B) Specific activity VP, C) Specific activity MnP. Experimental conditions: 28 °C, 160 rpm, pH= 5.6, 15 days https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decolourisation-percentage-of-rb5-cc-corresponds-to-irkxyqgb.png Figure 4. Decolourisation percentage of RB5. CC corresponds to fungus cultures in suspension. CL are the immobilisation assays. Control 1: culture medium with RB5 dye [200 mg L-1], without fungus and without luffa sponge. Control 2: culture medium with RB5 dye [200 mg L-1], with luffa sponge and without fungus. Experimental conditions: 28 °C, 160 rpm, pH= 5.6, 15 days. Data points are means and standard deviations (n= 3). There is a significant difference between CL and CC results at every moment (p-value < 0.01) except at day 15 (p-value > 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quantification-of-dry-weight-for-immobilisation-2p9pp7cz.png Figure 3. Quantification of dry weight for immobilisation experiments. AL corresponds to immobilisation assays with antibiotic. CL are the dye-containing immobilisation experiments. LC corresponds to the antibiotic-free dye-free immobilisation experiment. Experimental conditions: 28 °C, 160 rpm, pH= 5.6, 15 days. https://scispace.com/papers/bis-9-ethyl-carbazol-3-yl-ethane-560p1n446g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-molecular-packing-of-i-viewed-down-the-a-axis-h-29grmsfb.png Figure 2 The molecular packing of (I), viewed down the a axis. H atoms have been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-molecular-structure-of-i-showing-the-atom-2h6t63bs.png Figure 1 The molecular structure of (I), showing the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids for non-H atoms are drawn at the 40% probability level. https://scispace.com/papers/bis-imino-acenaphthene-bian-supported-palladium-ii-carbene-2dqyxypgyn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-rate-constants-for-1-and-2-for-p-bromobenzaldehyde-2zxnbtxi.png Table 6 Rate constants for 1 and 2 for p-bromobenzaldehyde in H2O a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conversion-of-p-bromobenzaldehyde-with-phenylboronic-2qedalyq.png Fig. 2 Conversion of p-bromobenzaldehyde with phenylboronic acid as a function of time in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling by 1 and 2 at 40 °C with 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 mol% catalyst loading in H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-arrhenius-plots-for-the-activation-of-p-2kaugmk4.png Fig. 4 Arrhenius plots for the activation of p-bromobenzaldehyde by 1 and 2 in toluene (red), CH2Cl2 (blue), and H2O (black). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-activation-energies-for-1-and-2-for-p-3i519hof.png Table 8 Activation energies for 1 and 2 for p-bromobenzaldehydea https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-suzuki-miyaura-biaryl-coupling-of-aryl-iodides-by-1-ikiipk38.png Table 2 Suzuki–Miyaura biaryl coupling of aryl iodides by 1 and 2a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-conversion-of-p-chlorobenzaldehyde-with-phenylboronic-v5f30wtx.png Fig. 5 Conversion of p-chlorobenzaldehyde with phenylboronic acid as a function of time in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling by catalysts 1 (left) and 2 (right) at 40 °C in H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-rate-constants-for-2-using-p-chlorobenzaldehyde-in-29mxi7q6.png Table 10 Rate constants for 2 using p-chlorobenzaldehyde in H2O a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-conversion-black-and-selectivity-red-of-p-acohxx0b.png Fig. 6 Conversion (black) and selectivity (red) of p-chlorobenzaldehyde with phenylboronic acid as a function of time in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling at 40 °C with 1.5 mol% of 1 in H2O. Open and closed circles denote selectivities of the hetero- and homo-coupled products, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/bleomycin-in-the-treatment-of-keloids-and-hypertrophic-scars-4qzjxj8lri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-patient-6-a-multiple-keloid-lesions-the-original-1ammww78.png Figure 3. Patient 6. A) Multiple keloid lesions. The original lesion had been in the presternal region. B) Almost complete disappearance (>90%). The patient remains stable at 10 months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-patient-2-a-keloid-after-vaccination-in-the-deltoid-p34cowdy.png Figure 2. Patient 2. A) Keloid after vaccination in the deltoid region. B) Complete healing of the lesion, with one small recurrence (arrow) 1 year after the end of treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-3qandost.png Table 1. Patient Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patient-4-a-keloid-lesion-on-the-back-after-2ajyhwa8.png Figure 1. Patient 4. A) Keloid lesion on the back after extirpation of a nevus. B) Complete disappearance, with no recurrence at 11 months. https://scispace.com/papers/black-immigrants-in-portugal-luso-tropicalism-and-prejudice-49qp085gpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predictors-of-blatant-and-subtle-prejudice-in-2l1dphjo.png Table 1. Predictors of Blatant and Subtle Prejudice in Portugal (Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relation-between-heteroethnicization-and-2n6bw4js.png Fig. 1. Relation between heteroethnicization and heteroracialization, attitude toward “Black” people, and discrimination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relation-between-perceived-heteroethnicization-and-1uqwxhng.png Fig. 2. Relation between perceived heteroethnicization and perceived heteroracialization and discrimination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictors-of-perception-of-threat-in-european-3jhokdpn.png Table 2. Predictors of Perception of Threat in European Countries (Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis) https://scispace.com/papers/black-hole-and-galaxy-coevolution-from-continuity-equation-32t6brlkw7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fits-to-abundance-matching-results-77kiafxy.png Table 2 Fits to Abundance Matching Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-the-agn-bias-as-a-function-of-redshift-z-results-17thov6n.png Figure 17. The AGN bias as a function of redshift z. Results from the abundance matching technique are illustrated by magenta (LAGNaverage bias) and yellow (MBH-average bias) continuous lines, with the hatched areas showing the associated uncertainty; specifically, the magenta curves refer to different AGN luminosities LAGN > 10 10.5, 1012, and 1013.5 L⊙ and the yellow curves to different BH masses MBH > 10 6, 108, and 1010 M⊙ as labeled. Black dotted lines illustrate for comparison the halo bias referring to different halo masses from 109 to 1013 M⊙ as labeled. The inset shows the AGN bias from the abundance matching technique at redshift z = 2 as a function of the bolometric AGN luminosity LAGN. Optical data are from Shen et al. (2009; blue circles), Ross et al. (2009; blue diamonds), Da Ângela et al. (2008; blue reversed triangles), Myers et al. (2007; blue pentagons), Porciani & Norberg (2006; blue stars), Croom et al. (2005; blue squares), White et al. (2012; blue triangles); X-ray data from Allevato et al. (2011; red triangles), Allevato et al. (2014; red circles), Mountrichas et al. (2013; red squares), and Starikova et al. (2012; red diamonds). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-average-stellar-duty-cycle-dsfr-as-a-function-26lx2n91.png Figure 12. The average stellar duty cycle 〈δSFR〉 as a function of redshift z, for different stellar masses M⋆ = 10 9 (dotted), 1010 (dashed), 1011 (solid), and 1012 M⊙ (dot-dashed). The inset illustrates the duty cycle as a function of the stellar mass at different redshift z = 0 (orange), z = 1 (red), 3 (green), and 6 (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-the-galaxy-bias-as-a-function-of-redshift-z-2ojf1ywr.png Figure 21. The galaxy bias as a function of redshift z. Results from the abundance matching technique are illustrated by magenta (LSFR-average bias) and yellow (M⋆-average bias) continuous lines, with the hatched areas showing the associated uncertainty; specifically, the magenta curves refer to different SFRs> 0.03, 3, and 300M⊙ yr−1 and the yellow curves to different stellar masses M⋆ > 107, 109, and 1011 M⊙ as labeled. Black dotted lines illustrate for comparison the halo bias referring to different halo masses from 109 to 1013 M⊙ as labeled. Data for FIR/sub-mm bright galaxies (filled orange stars) are from Webb et al. (2003), Blain et al. (2004), Weiss et al. (2009), Hickox et al. (2012), Bianchini et al. (2014), for FIR/sub-mm faint galaxies (orange empty stars) are from Ono et al. (2014), for passive BzK galaxies (green filled triangles) are from Grazian et al. (2006), Quadri et al. (2007), Blanc et al. (2008), Furusawa et al. (2011), Lin et al. (2012), for starforming BzK galaxies (green empty triangles) are from Hayashi et al. (2007), Blanc et al. (2008), Furusawa et al. (2011), for bright Lyman Break Galaxies (blue filled circles) are from Ouchi et al. (2004), Adelberger et al. (2005), Lee et al. (2006), Overzier et al. (2006), for faint Lyman Break Galaxies (blue empty circles) are from Bielby et al. (2013), Barone-Nugent et al. (2014), for Lyman-α Emitters (cyan diamonds) are from Gawiser et al. (2007), Ouchi et al. (2010), Guaita et al. (2010), for passively-evolving Early-Type Galaxies (red filled squares) are from Hawkins et al. (2003), Guzzo et al. (2008), Georgakakis et al. (2014), for Luminous Red Galaxies (red empty squares) are from Tegmark et al. (2006), Ross et al. (2007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-supermassive-bh-mass-function-n-logmbh-as-a-3gd7pgrx.png Figure 4. The supermassive BH mass function N(logMBH) as a function of final BH mass MBH. Results from the continuity equation (see Sect. 2.1.3) at redshift z = 0 (orange), z = 1 (red), 3 (green), and 6 (blue) are plotted as solid lines, with the hatched areas illustrating the associated uncertainty; the cyan line is the extrapolation to z = 10 plotted for illustration. The dark grey shaded area illustrates the collection of estimates by Shankar et al. (2009) built by combining the stellar mass or velocity dispersion function with the MBH −M⋆ or MBH − σ relations of elliptical galaxies; the light shaded area is the determination by Shankar et al. (2012) corrected to take into account the different relations followed by pseudobulges. The orange circles illustrate the determination at z = 0 by Vika et al. (2009). The red dashed area illustrate the determination at z ∼ 1 by Li et al. (2011), the green dashed area shows the range of models by Ueda et al. (2014) at z ∼ 3, and the blue dashed area the estimate by Willott et al. (2010b) at z ∼ 6. The inset shows the BH mass density as a function of redshift computed from the continuity equation, for the overall mass range (solid line with hatched area), and for BH masses logMBH/M⊙ in the ranges [6, 7] (dot-dashed line), [7, 8] (dashed line), [8, 9] (dotted line). The grey shaded areas illustrate the observational constraints from the above z = 0 mass function by Shankar et al. (2009, 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-results-2jahywqq.png Table 3 Main Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-panel-the-adopted-eddington-ratio-magenta-lines-ezqvihs0.png Figure 3. Top panel: The adopted Eddington ratio (magenta lines) and radiative efficiency (green line) as a function of redshift. The values in the ascending, demand-limited phase (solid lines) and the time-averaged values during the descending, supply-driven phase (dashed lines) and during the thin-disc regime (dotted lines) are also shown. Bottom panel: the characteristic timescale τD/τef of the AGN descending phase (magenta line) and the duration τburst of the stellar burst (green lines) at redshift z = 1 (dashed), 3 (solid), and 6 (dotted) as a function of the peak AGN and of the SFR luminosity, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-an-estimate-of-actually-an-upper-bound-to-the-dust-5r9wez3c.png Figure 13. An estimate of (actually an upper bound to) the dust formation timescale as a function of the SFR-luminosity (lower scale) and of the SFR (upper scale) at redshifts z = 1 (red), 3 (green) and 6 (blue), computed from dust-corrected UV data (dot-dashed lines), and dust-uncorrected UV data (dotted lines); for comparison the timescale of the burst duration is also shown (solid lines). https://scispace.com/papers/blind-source-separation-and-artefact-cancellation-for-single-3mhzdlfo16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-first-200-samples-of-the-reconstruction-signal-by-3hwi5wih.png Fig. 4. The first 200 samples of the reconstruction signal by removing ECG artefacts at SNR=1. (a) PCA as the source separation method; (b) MNF as the source separation method; (c) ICA as the source septation method; and (d) CCA as the source separation method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-algorithms-performance-in-rmmse-by-3jkoby2k.png Fig. 5. Comparison of algorithms performance in RMMSE by combining different signal decomposition methods and blind source separation methods. (a) PCA as the source separation method; (b) MNF as the source separation method; (c) ICA as the source septation method; and (d) CCA as the source separation method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-algorithms-performance-in-correlation-2t0qzc35.png Fig. 6. Comparison of algorithms performance in correlation coefficient by combining different signal decomposition methods and blind source separation methods. (a) PCA as the source separation method; (b) MNF as the source separation method; (c) ICA as the source septation method; and (d) CCA as the source separation method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-signal-used-in-the-simulation-a-the-eeg-signal-xa-fxpf82f7.png Fig. 1. The signal used in the simulation. (a) the EEG signal xa; (b) the ECG signal xb as the artefacts; (c) the mixture x for SNR=0.5; and (d) x for SNR=1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-principal-components-of-the-ssa-elements-given-in-29sa8k2s.png Fig. 3. The principal components of the SSA elements given in Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-8-ssa-components-of-the-synthetic-signal-x-at-snr-318nja2b.png Fig. 2. The 8 SSA components of the synthetic signal x at SNR=1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-performance-of-artefact-removal-by-combing-ssa-and-2dyhmo9w.png Fig. 7. The performance of artefact removal by combing SSA and MNF at SNR=1, where the window length L for SSA was set to different values. https://scispace.com/papers/blood-cigarettes-cigarette-smuggling-and-war-economies-in-22vqz1cb4v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-legal-cigarette-sales-in-uganda-millions-of-sticks-17q0u95x.png Table 2. Legal cigarette sales in Uganda (millions of sticks) (68) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-and-type-of-interviews-fiqe71yh.png Table 1. Number and type of interviews https://scispace.com/papers/boards-of-directors-and-organizational-ambidexterity-in-4tkgqo1aul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gee-regression-results-1f880941.png Table 3. gee regression results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-board-functional-experience-heterogeneity-39supcug.png Figure 1. effect of board functional experience heterogeneity on organizational ambidexterity. https://scispace.com/papers/bold-repetition-decreases-in-object-responsive-ventral-2wz3pdv6nj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-of-experimental-trials-an-1y4pdkyy.png FIG. 1. Schematic overview of experimental trials: an attentional precue appeared for 100 ms, followed by 2 objects for another 100 ms, one of them in the cueing square, the other one on the opposite side of the screen. After a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 3 s, a third object appeared in the center of the screen. During both prime and probe phase, subjects performed a size-judgment task (for the cued object in case of the prime display). Probe could be the attended or unattended picture from the prime display in original or mirror-reversed format (as here), or a new (unprimed) object with the same or different response as the preceding prime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-imaging-findings-from-group-analyses-a-mask-of-object-24007tcf.png FIG. 2. Imaging findings from group analyses. A: mask of object responsive regions used for smallvolume correction, which was derived from the contrast of objects phase-randomized noise, at P 0.001, uncorrected. Tilted lines indicate the approximate slice position during scanning. B: regions expressing significant repetition decreases for attended original images. C: attended mirror images, in contrast with the unprimed baseline condition. For display purposes, findings were color-coded at P 0.005, uncorrected (masked inclusively by localizer at P 0.001) and superimposed on the normalized structural scan of one participating subject. In both the original and mirror-image conditions, similar repetition decreases were found in lateral occipital and fusiform regions bilaterally. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-imaging-findings-from-group-analyses-a-shown-are-3fekgag7.png FIG. 3. Imaging findings from group analyses. A: shown are regions expressing larger repetition decreases for priming from attended than from unattended images collapsed across view. After subtraction from the appropriate unprimed baseline conditions. For display purposes, findings were color-coded at P 0.001, uncorrected (masked inclusively by objects phaserandomized noise at P 0.001) and superimposed on the normalized structural scan of one participating subject. B: plots of responses (contrasts of parameter estimates) for the 4 priming conditions from the maxima in left and right lateral occipital and fusiform cortices (OA, priming from original image attended; OU, priming from original image unattended; MA, priming from mirror image attended; MU, priming from mirror image unattended). Effects are displayed after subtraction from the unprimed baseline conditions; positive values thus denote repetition decreases. Error bars represent residual error from a one-way ANOVA on the 4 contrasts. https://scispace.com/papers/bond-stretching-force-constants-and-vibrational-frequencies-3jkahn3d6d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-schematic-of-the-distance-distribution-stemming-1abwesb2.png Figure 1: a-b) Schematic of the distance distribution stemming from static atomic displacements and thermal vibrations. As the amplitude of thermal vibrations increases with increasing temperature the width of the distribution, characterised by the standard deviation σ or the variance σ2 (EXAFS Debye-Waller factor), increases, too. c-g) Temperature dependence of the variance of the first nearest neighbour distance distribution of the Ga-P bond (orange triangles) and In-P bond (green circles) determined with separate fits for each temperature. For all five samples measured, the data is represented very well by a correlated Einstein model (solid lines) with force constants and static contributions determined in simultaneous fits of all spectra of one sample at a given absorption edge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effective-bond-stretching-force-constants-of-the-ga-as36y2ib.png Figure 2: Effective bond-stretching force constants of the Ga-P bond (full orange triangles) and In-P bond (full green circles) in (In,Ga)P as a function of composition. The uncertainties were determined through systematic variation of the fitting procedure as described in the text. Theoretical predictions [20] (open symbols) and force constants determined from elastic constants of the binary materials [8] (stars) are depicted for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reduced-masses-and-phillips-ionicities-of-the-2fhp76kd.png Table 1: Reduced masses and Phillips ionicities of the different bond species [9]. The reduced mass was calculated from the atomic weights. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-einstein-frequencies-of-first-nearest-neighbour-1wfkclbu.png Figure 4: Einstein frequencies of first nearest neighbour bonds in three different ternary zinc-blende alloys. All values were calculated from the bond-stretching force constants shown in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-change-of-einstein-frequency-n-as-a-function-of-qam39hpc.png Figure 5: Change of Einstein frequency (ν) as a function of bond length (r) change, with ν0 and r0 denoting the corresponding values of the binary compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-element-specific-effective-bond-stretching-force-f3ji71fq.png Figure 3: Element-specific effective bond-stretching force constants determined from temperature-dependent EXAFS measurements in three different ternary zinc-blende alloys. The uncertainties depicted for (In,Ga)P and (In,Ga)As [7] were determined through systematic variation of the fitting procedure. Uncertainties are expected to be larger for the Phosphides than for the Arsenides, since As is a stronger scatterer than P. Data for Zn(Se,Te) were extracted from Fig. 4 in Pellicer-Porres et al. [12], where no uncertainties are given. Black dashed lines visualize the straight connection between the binary values. https://scispace.com/papers/bonding-to-hypomineralized-enamel-a-systematic-review-1kgn2e1uck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-laboratory-studies-1sb9ljua.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics of laboratory studies included in the review Author https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-in-vivo-studies-included-1fcsx98r.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of in vivo studies included in the review Author https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-the-articles-selection-process-yeylaa22.png Figure 1. Flow chart of the articles selection process https://scispace.com/papers/bone-orthotropic-remodeling-as-a-thermodynamically-driven-2kno8rhe0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kinematic-description-of-a-body-undergoing-34s1kcoj.png Figure 1: Kinematic description of a body undergoing deformation and rotary remodeling. The visible deformation from the reference shape S0 to the actual shape S is described by the small strain tensor E and the rotation of the microstructure is described by the rotation tensor R. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variations-of-the-function-f3-as-a-function-of-c66-3oiy5skw.png Figure 4: Variations of the function f3 as a function of C66, C22 and C12, where the reference material properties are type A (Table 1, high shear modulus). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rotary-remodeling-in-uniaxial-strain-stress-2kfavenh.png Figure 2: Rotary remodeling in uniaxial strain/stress conditions: functions ρ (solid blue lines), strain energy ψE(brown dotted lines) and complementary energy ψS (dark green dotted lines) versus the angle α describing the orientation of material axes in the plane (e1, e2). Subplots (a,b,c) refer to uniaxial strain in the e1 direction (E11 = 3000µ ) and material types A (a), B (b) and C (c). Subplots (d,e,f) refer to uniaxial stress in the e1 direction (S11 = 100MPa) and material types A (d), B (e) and C (f). Stable and unstable equilibrium points are depicted by green and red knots, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-the-strain-energy-and-micro-3lhr3ven.png Figure 7: Evolution of the strain energy and micro-orientation during remodeling in a 2D toy model of the proximal femur: micro-orientation (brown sticks, and color map (rad)) at the start of the simulation, with loading and boundary conditions (a), after 500 (b), 1000 (c) and 2000 (d) time increments (arbitrary time scale). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-closest-stable-equilibrium-states-to-the-initial-14n3i0dv.png Figure 6: Closest stable equilibrium states to the initial configuration α0 = 0 as a function of transverse/longitudinal stress ratio S22S11 and shear/longitudinal stress ratio S12S11 . The three plots (a,b,c) account for the 3 material types (A, B, C) in Table 1, respectively. Bold lines superimposed to the surfaces represent the lines in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-closest-stable-equilibrium-states-to-initial-21ar1omo.png Figure 5: Closest stable equilibrium states to initial configuration α0 = 0, for varying (a) transverse/longitudinal stress ratio S22S11 (S12 = 0) and (b) shear/longitudinal stress ratio S12S11 (S22 = 0). The three curves account for the 3 material types in Table 1characterized by high (A, solid blue lines), mild (B, dotted dark-red lines), and low (C, dashed orange lines) shear moduli. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-dimensional-material-elastic-properties-1nn3edzk.png Table 1: Two-dimensional material elastic properties (compressed Kelvin notation). https://scispace.com/papers/booster-development-of-a-toolbox-for-triage-of-large-group-11rq3cdigp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-the-left-current-prototype-of-the-gampix-gamma-1enysu93.png Fig. 1. On the left: current prototype of the GAMPIX gamma camera. On the right: detection of a plutonium sample carried in a piece of luggage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-on-the-left-picture-of-a-smd-resistor-on-the-right-3kpvz97u.png Fig. 4. On the left: picture of a SMD resistor. On the right: thermoluminescence glow curves of 100k type SMD resistor irradiated with different doses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-at-the-top-counting-of-amplified-centrosomes-24-h-2o2sccd5.png Fig. 5. At the top: counting of amplified centrosomes 24 h after irradiations at 5 Gy and 10 Gy. At the bottom: quantification of centrosome amplification in DT40 cells after irradiation. https://scispace.com/papers/bootstrap-aggregating-approach-to-short-term-load-obova68i55 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histogram-t9qrfsmy.png Fig. 7 Histogram https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-diagram-of-proposed-method-34x5777d.png Fig. 3 Block diagram of proposed method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-time-series-feature-importance-from-date-time-index-2hkpyxmr.png Fig. 10 Time series feature importance from date-time index https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-feature-importance-extraction-uj76jw60.png Fig. 9 Feature importance extraction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-correlation-plot-qsdho601.png Fig. 8 Correlation plot https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-machine-learning-models-on-test-set-ep7aggmh.png Table 2 Evaluation of Machine Learning Models on Test set without Feature Importance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-machine-learning-models-10qaime7.png Fig. 11 Comparison of Machine learning models https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-of-machine-learning-models-on-test-set-2xj9awqj.png Table 3 Evaluation of Machine Learning Models on Test set with Feature Importance https://scispace.com/papers/borders-geography-and-oligopoly-evidence-from-the-wind-1lj1i0d6a6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-project-locations-2xnzoi1n.png Figure 2: Project Locations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-market-share-of-vestas-by-proximity-to-primary-2kichfu9.png Figure 4: Market Share of Vestas by Proximity to Primary Production Facility https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-danish-and-german-manufacturers-1ke1qv8p.png Table 1: Major Danish and German Manufacturers https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-rdd-results-for-the-1995-1996-period-2989eaid.png Table 9: RDD Results for the 1995-1996 Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-export-fixed-cost-bounds-fj-rhchjyiy.png Table 3: Export Fixed Cost Bounds (fj) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-robustness-check-nearby-installed-turbines-3ey98q6w.png Table 12: Robustness Check: Nearby Installed Turbines https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-baseline-and-counterfactual-profit-estimates-2qoa2rg2.png Table 5: Baseline and Counterfactual Profit Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-counterfactuals-expected-danish-market-share-by-a5objwii.png Figure 7: Counterfactuals: Expected Danish Market Share by Distance to the Border https://scispace.com/papers/boron-doped-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-as-sensing-2vztacz0g9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electrochemical-parameters-determined-for-0-500-mm-1mpp6ngu.png Table 2 Electrochemical parameters determined for 0.500 mM [Fe(CN)6] 3-/4- (1.0 M KCl) on untreated, acid and oxidative treated and AuNPs-modified B-MWCNTs at 0.02 V∙s-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-raman-d-bands-g-bands-and-intensity-ratios-of-raman-11ra52s4.png Table 1 Raman D-bands, G-bands, and intensity ratios of Raman G- and D-bands (ID/IG) for untreated, acid and oxidative treated and AuNPs-modified B-MWCNTs https://scispace.com/papers/boron-mass-transfer-during-seeded-microfiltration-58whws5npm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-capacity-of-various-commercial-anion-exchange-resins-3m5zpz2o.png Table 1 Capacity of various commercial anion exchange resins for boron and some boron chelating resins https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-as-received-purolite-s-108-cyyhjhbe.png Table 2 Characteristics of the as-received Purolite S-108 ion exchange resin https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-table-of-conditions-used-in-tests-and-1yvc31n2.png Table 4 Summary table of conditions used in tests and modelling https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-particle-size-distributions-of-ion-exchange-resin-3qjyeix9.png Table 3 Particle size distributions of ion exchange resin https://scispace.com/papers/boundary-aware-multidomain-subspace-deformation-3mu0s0ex69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-subspaces-spanned-by-different-types-of-modes-bezb0qed.png Fig. 3. Subspaces spanned by different types of modes constitute the layered deformation. Final deformation of the domain can be understood as the superposition of deformations from each subspace. Complete set of modes span the full space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulation-of-a-sunflower-model-with-large-1zkstml5.png Fig. 11. Simulation of a sunflower model with large deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coupling-comparison-between-our-method-and-nonlinear-1vp0y4tt.png Fig. 8. Coupling comparison between our method and nonlinear multi-domain with penalty method [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-coupling-comparison-between-our-method-and-deformation-1yxz0cwd.png Fig. 9. Coupling comparison between our method and deformation substructuring using rigid interface fitting [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-shapes-of-each-type-of-warped-modes-associated-21mzt6s4.png Fig. 4. The shapes of each type of warped modes associated with right interface of the domain. The left interface is assigned with zero displacements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-structures-of-global-mode-matrix-and-its-nonzero-6tjcfd8q.png Fig. 5. The structures of global mode matrix and its nonzero diagonal submatrix at an individual domain. Shadowed blocks are nonzero submatrices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparative-simulation-among-various-simulators-1g0a9i28.png Fig. 7. Comparative simulation among various simulators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matrix-notation-used-in-the-mode-computation-1e7lgj6y.png TABLE 1 Matrix notation used in the mode computation. https://scispace.com/papers/boundary-detection-using-continuous-wavelet-analysis-18vkc35yav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cwt-analysis-of-an-f0-contour-of-a-phrase-from-2q2l4rsq.png Figure 1: CWT analysis of an f0 contour of a phrase from BURNC corpus (bottom panel). The red areas correspond to prominent portions of speech while low (blue) areas indicate a possible presence of a prosodic boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-prosodic-feature-signals-used-by-the-analyzed-1wa3s9x6.png Figure 3: Prosodic feature signals used by the analyzed system, extracted for a sentence from BURNC. From the top, f0, gate, wavelet-based rate signal and annotation based word duration signal. The black curve at the bottom shows a composite signal combining f0, gain and rate features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-speaking-rate-extraction-method-the-tvfpgzd3.png Figure 2: Illustration of speaking rate extraction method. The energy scalogram has been normalized per each frame for visual clarity (no normalization is necessary in the method). The black curve in the upper panel is the extracted rate signal, the curve in the lower panel is the processed energy envelope. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accuracy-f-value-precision-and-recall-as-evaluated-la360o46.png Table 1: Accuracy, F -value, precision and recall as evaluated for all boundary detection methods described here. Baselines: majority class and state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-lines-of-minimum-white-and-maximum-36g2giwo.png Figure 4: An example of lines of minimum (white) and maximum (black) amplitude extracted from scalogram of a composite acoutic feature signal. For comparison, the phase and depth methods are shown in the top and the bottom panel, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/bovine-trypanosomiasis-risk-in-an-endemic-area-on-the-146671tcyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-monthly-average-pcv-of-infected-s-and-not-infected-d-dwiw97z2.png Fig. 3. Monthly average PCV of infected (s) and not infected (d) sentinel animals on the plateau area of eastern Zambia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-monthly-variations-in-the-predicted-monthly-risk-of-1xodq543.png Fig. 2. Monthly variations in the predicted monthly risk of trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma congolense) transmission to cattle on the plateau of eastern Zambia and 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kaplan-meier-survival-curve-between-july-2003-and-28he3j3b.png Fig. 1. Kaplan–Meier survival curve (between July 2003 and January 2006) of sentinel cattle subjected to tsetse challenge on the plateau area of eastern Zambia. https://scispace.com/papers/bracing-scoliosis-the-evolution-to-cad-cam-for-improved-in-n9wa3565rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rib-hump-of-the-patient-from-figure-5-left-at-the-25z2ihaq.png Figure 6. Rib hump of the patient from Figure 5 left at the start and right after 6 months of brace treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/braid-groups-and-quiver-mutation-45hpxqefpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flip-involving-an-arc-a1-where-two-puzzle-pieces-of-u2kaqte2.png Figure 6: Flip involving an arc (α1) where two puzzle pieces of type I are glued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mutation-of-a-quiver-of-mutation-dynkin-type-54mbmzts.png Figure 1: Mutation of a quiver of mutation Dynkin type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-initial-triangulations-and-the-corresponding-braid-bff4io1w.png Figure 5: Initial triangulations and the corresponding braid graphs and quivers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-flip-involving-an-arc-a4-where-puzzle-pieces-of-29nt3mf8.png Figure 10: Flip involving an arc (α4) where puzzle pieces of type I and II are glued, second case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-braid-sp-1fxyyske.png Figure 4: The braid σπ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thickening-of-the-path-p-p-is-the-middle-path-1bq0398e.png Figure 3: Thickening of the path π (π is the middle path) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-flip-involving-an-arc-a3-where-puzzle-pieces-of-2dqofa8y.png Figure 9: Flip involving an arc (α3) where puzzle pieces of type I and II are glued, first case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-puzzle-pieces-for-tagged-triangulations-in-types-an-1r2owozz.png Figure 2: Puzzle pieces for tagged triangulations in types An and Dn and the corresponding quivers https://scispace.com/papers/brain-development-in-the-yellow-fever-mosquito-aedes-aegypti-4n417zxnjp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-patterns-of-serotonergic-innervations-of-the-2oqzvy1d.png Fig. 8 Patterns of serotonergic innervations of the subesophageal ganglion in a developing A. aegypti brain. In the larval subesophageal ganglion (a–a′), two groups of 5HT-immunoreactive cells can be identified (white/yellow arrow heads) per hemiganglion. Whereas in the pupal (b–b′) and adult (c–c′) brains three groups of 5HT immunoreactive cells can be identified (white/yellow arrow heads) in each hemiganglion. Scale bar 50 μm https://scispace.com/papers/brain-tumor-imaging-4bq3rd679k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustration-of-metabolic-pathways-29quh886.png Fig 1. Schematic illustration of metabolic pathways observable using hyperpolarized 13Clabeled probes. [U-2H, U-13C]glucosemeasures flux in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). [1-13C] pyruvate exchanges the hyperpolarized 13C label with the endogenous lactate and alanine pools and is converted irreversibly into CO2, which is in a rapid equilibrium with bicarbonate. The label in [2-13C] pyruvate is incorporated into acetyl-coenzyme A and allows assessment of flux in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. [5-13C]glutamine can be used to monitor glutaminolysis and [1-13C] glutamate exchanges the hyperpolarized 13C label with a-ketoglutarate. [1-13C]a-ketoglutarate can be used to probe reversible conversion to glutamate and to 2-hydroxyglutarate. For clarity, some intermediate metabolic steps are not shown. ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BCAT, branched chain amino acid transaminase; CA, carbonic anhydrase; GLDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; GLS, glutaminase; GS, glutamine synthetase; IDH1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; OAA, oxaloacetate; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-positron-emission-tomography-images-and-cellular-373wndrs.png Fig 3. Positron emission tomography images and cellular uptake mechanisms for nine clinical radiotracers for brain tumor imaging. ACE, [11C]acetate; ACSS, acetylcoenzyme A synthetase; ASCT2, neutral amino acid transporter, SLC1A5; FACBC, trans-1-amino-3-[18F]-fluorocyclobutane-carboxylic acid; FAS, fatty acid synthase; FDOPA, [18F]fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine; FET, [18F]fluoroethyltyrosine; FGln, 4-18F-(2S,4R)-fluoroglutamine; FLT, 39-deoxy-39[18F]-fluorothymidine; FMISO, [18F]fluoromisonidazole; FSPG, (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate; hENT, human equilibrative nucleoside transporter, SLC29A1; LAT1/2, large neutral amino acids transporters, SLC7A5 and SLC7A8; MCT, monocarboxylate transporter, SLC16A1; MET, [11C]methionine; pO2, partial pressure of oxygen; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TK1, thymidine kinase 1; XC 2, cystine/glutamate transporter, SLC7A11. Images reprinted with permission from Venneti et al,68 Mittra et al,69 Bruehlmeier et al,70 Kondo et al,71 Yamamoto et al,72 Toyota et al,73 and Juhasz et al.74 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-images-of-c-hyperpolarized-1-13c-2y3wpvjg.png Fig 2. Representative images of (C) hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and (D) [1-13C]lactate in a C6 glioma-bearing animal before (top) and 96 hours after radiotherapy (bottom). The metabolic images are shown in false color, overlaid on the 1H image of tissue anatomy. (A) A chemical shift image data set and (B) a contrast agent enhanced proton image are shown. The tumor is visible as a contrast agent– enhancing region at the top of the brain. (D) The [1-13C]lactate signal from the tumor was reduced after exposure to 15 Gy radiation. Reprinted with permission from Day et al.63 https://scispace.com/papers/branching-behavior-of-standing-waves-the-signatures-of-2xvsf7rfm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-upper-plot-gives-computed-locations-of-the-left-pto0a6j0.png FIG. 3. The upper plot gives computed locations of the left and right turning points in a depth range bounded above by the ~3,5! resonant depth. This view looks down on the (d,Ac ,v) solution surface, revealing the resonance ‘‘hole.’’ The lower plot indicates the strength of the resonance, in terms of g between the turning point pairs, and its dependence on Ac , as measured at the left turn. A linear portion confirms near second order dependence for Ac ,0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-computed-initial-profiles-y-x-0-and-time-history-y-0-3udedffm.png FIG. 11. Computed initial profiles, y(x,0), and time history, y(0,t), for linear fundamental (Ac'0.01) and pure eighth harmonic solutions at d50.54. The pure eighth harmonic coincides with the local minimum frequency in the central branch for d50.54, Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-computed-frequency-curves-at-selected-depths-in-the-l2rjge5z.png FIG. 10. Computed frequency curves at selected depths in the neighborhood of the ~4,8! resonant depth, d 50.549 102 3... . Similar behavior to that observed for the ~3,5! resonance occurs, although on a smaller scale. Note that both resonances are active at d50.54. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-curves-for-selected-depths-near-the-end-of-1qq89hxb.png FIG. 4. Frequency curves for selected depths near the end of the hole outlined in Fig. 3. At d50.5315 and 0.5312, before theholeends, the familiar opposing turning points appear, while d50.5311 and 0.53 produce upper/lower branch pairs. Only the lower branch is shown for d50.53. At d50.5311 ~3!, convergence problems prevented a full tracing of the lower branch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-thecomputed-frequency-curve-for-d50-623-showing-az9a98hz.png FIG. 9. Thecomputed frequency curve for d50.623, showing theapproach to a transcritical bifurcation in the linear regime, Ac→0, as depth tends to the ~3,5! resonant depth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-computed-resonant-solution-profiles-at-d50-36-3f9iawk9.png FIG. 16. Computed resonant solution profiles at d50.36, corresponding to the marked points on the branches of Fig. 15. The mean level has been shifted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-series-of-frequency-curves-at-depths-approaching-3rrqw5zx.png FIG. 14. A series of frequency curves at depths approaching the ~4,6! resonant depth d50.3858.. . Unlike the ~3,5! and ~4,8! resonant branching structures, the turning point pairs are now rotated, reflecting the alternative unfolding configuration for a transcritical bifurcation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-computed-frequency-curves-at-d50-36-where-the-46-and-3a19l0cu.png FIG. 15. Computed frequency curves at d50.36, where the ~4,6! and ~5,9! resonances are simultaneously active. Frequencies have been scaled with respect to the linear fundamental value at this depth, and the local minimum in the lower branch is pure ninth harmonic at approximately five times the fundamental value. Surface profiles at the marked points are given in the plots of Fig. 16. https://scispace.com/papers/brain-xqtl-map-integrating-the-genetic-architecture-of-the-59bg6ct13i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-xqtl-associations-3g3oil5i.png Table 1. Summary of xQTL associations. https://scispace.com/papers/bravais-colourings-of-planar-modules-with-n-fold-symmetry-1bodrw282c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-galois-groups-gn-and-their-generators-written-as-3oyu999g.png Table 3. Galois groups Gn and their generators (written as residue classes mod n) for the 29 non-trivial cyclotomic fields with class number one, see Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-construction-of-all-primitive-dirichlet-characters-2b78w5zl.png Table 4. Construction of all primitive Dirichlet characters for n = 20. The generators of G20 ' C4 × C2 are g = (3) and h = (11). Each character χ originates from a product of characters of C4 and C2, and is thus labelled by a pair (i, j). The two extra lines show the characteristic indices ` and m for this example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-first-terms-of-the-dirichlet-series-of-eq-5-for-the-32bzxj8s.png Table 5. First terms of the Dirichlet series of Eq. (5) for the class number one cases as listed in (1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-indices-for-the-unramified-primes-of-z-xn-with-33ofxys6.png Table 1. Basic indices for the unramified primes of Z[ξn] with n from (1). The symbol `k means that primes p ≡ k mod n contribute via p ` as basic index, where ` is the smallest integer such that k` ≡ 1 mod n, and the integer m entering Eq. (7) is m = φ(n)/`. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-residues-of-dedekind-zeta-functions-ehscw4ns.png Table 6. Residues of Dedekind zeta functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-all-ramified-primes-with-corresponding-1con7h3a.png Table 2. List of all ramified primes with corresponding integers ` and m for Z[ξn] with n from the list (1). Here, r is the p-free part of n, and ` m = φ(r). Details on the connection to Table 1 are given in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/breakdown-voltage-in-thin-iii-v-avalanche-photodiodes-4mg1fh344x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-width-independent-dsmt-exponential-3k2dz7e6.png TABLE I. Parameters of the width-independent DSMT exponential-ionization-coefficient model, obtaineda for GaAs, InP, In0.52Al0.48As, and Al0.2Ga0.8As thin APD structures. The electron and hole ionization threshold energies are also provided. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimentally-measured-breakdown-voltagevb-versus-1xquk9wo.png FIG. 2. Experimentally measured breakdown voltageVB versus multiplication-region widthw for In0.52Al0.48As ~triangles! and Al0.2Ga0.8As https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimentally-measured-breakdown-voltagevb-versus-dr3l7c7l.png FIG. 1. Experimentally measured breakdown voltageVB versus multiplication-region widthw for InP ~triangles! and GaAs devices~inverted triangles!. Predictions based on the DSMT are shown as solid and dashed curves for InP and GaAs, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/breeding-value-accuracy-estimates-for-growth-traits-using-4925oqvzz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-weight-records-according-to-age-at-3rgvvgmx.png Figure 1. Number of weight records according to age at recording. Data set I (gray) and data set II (black). Birth weight records are not shown. https://scispace.com/papers/bremsstrahlung-in-the-nuclear-fireball-model-3im40nyjd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-1ssysrcs.png Fig. I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3i1upmnx.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/bridging-past-and-future-climate-across-paleoclimatic-rxzvxtmf8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-left-to-right-regional-shared-variances-r2-among-the-z9t7es5o.png FIG. 6. (left to right) Regional shared variances (r2) among the collection of soil-moisture metrics in the CanESM2 model simulations (x axis) during the historical (1901–2005) and projection (2006–99) intervals. Vertical diamond triplets correspond to the maximum, minimum, andmedian shared variance across the fivemembers of the ensemble.Detrended results have been computed for the projection interval after removing a linear trend over the same period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-as-in-fig-6-but-for-the-ccsm4-model-simulations-2qrbo1sp.png FIG. 7. As in Fig. 6, but for the CCSM4 model simulations. Maximum, minimum, and median results were similarly computed from an ensemble of five simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-top-left-to-right-mean-pdsi-pm-normalized-30cmsm-and-3jn7olrl.png FIG. 11. (top) (left to right) Mean PDSI_PM, normalized 30cmSM, and normalized FCSM for the last two decades (2080–99) of the twenty-first-century projection interval (ensemble member 1) from the CanESM2 model. (bottom) Agreement between the sign of the wetting (blue) or drying (brown) as projected by the three variables in the 2080–99 interval. The total percentage of grid cells that agree on thewetting or drying trends are provided in the bottom left of the comparisonmaps. The boxes defined by dashed lines indicate the regions extracted from the 0.58 3 0.58NADA, observation, and model grids as representative of the 4C, NP, and SE regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-to-right-targeted-regional-pdsi-time-series-1jt3h930.png FIG. 2. (left to right) Targeted regional PDSI time series calculated from observational data for the PDSI_TH, PDSI_PM, and PDSI_SC formulations and the associated CPS reconstructions and 95% confidence intervals. Reconstructions (black line with associated gray shading) and observationally based estimates (red line) are shown during their common period of overlap from 1901 to 1979, which also comprises the calibration/validation interval for the reconstructions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-to-right-regional-model-estimates-of-pdsi-th-pdsi-232xa21z.png FIG. 5. (left to right) Regional model estimates of PDSI_TH, PDSI_PM, normalized 30cmSM, and normalized FCSM during the historical interval (1901–2005) in (top) the CanESM2 and (bottom) CCSM4 models. The first ensemble member of each model is plotted (interannual r2 estimates across all five ensemble members are shown in Figs. 6 and 7). In all cases, PDSI or soil-moisture normalizations used the 1901–2005 intervals as a baseline, but time series are recentered from 1901 to 1979 to match the calibration/validation interval of the PDSI reconstructions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-as-in-fig-8-but-for-the-southeast-region-see-fig-1-3te86c76.png FIG. 10. As in Fig. 8, but for the Southeast region (see Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-as-in-fig-8-but-for-the-north-plains-region-see-fig-1-1s1iwj93.png FIG. 9. As in Fig. 8, but for the North Plains region (see Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-c-e-pdsi-reconstructions-for-the-three-regions-using-3j8k1o3a.png FIG. 3. (a),(c),(e) PDSI reconstructions for the three regions using the CPS method and three regional PDSI target series using the PDSI_TH, PDSI_PM, and PDSI_SC formulations. The 10-yr low-pass time series for each PDSI reconstruction (filtered using a 10-point Butterworth filter) are also shown; each panel also plots the annual PDSI_TH and associated 95% confidence intervals for reference. (b),(d),(f) Resolved variance, RE, and CE cross-validation statistics for each of the regional PDSI reconstructions as a function of each 50-yr nest. Figure legends for all panels are given in (c) and (d). (g)–(i) Comparisons between the annually reconstructed PDSI values are shown in scatterplots, in which each value of reconstructed PDSI is plotted against the other. Scatterplots do not include the calibration– validation interval from 1901 to 1979 and a dashed 1:1 line is plotted for reference. https://scispace.com/papers/brief-report-character-strengths-in-adults-with-autism-1rlhy2kkqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-via-is-character-strengths-and-dh7c0qwl.png Table 5 Correlations between VIA-IS character strengths and SWLS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-24-character-strengths-included-in-the-values-in-2ncvwa4a.png Table 2 The 24 Character Strengths included in the Values in Action Classification of Strengths (VIA-IS, Peterson & Seligman, 2004) and short descriptions (Ruch et al. 2010, Harzer & Ruch, 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-character-strengths-in-individuals-with-asd-and-35bvxb8k.png Table 3 Character strengths in individuals with ASD and neurotypical control individuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-182rmku9.png Table 1 Demographics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ranking-of-signature-strengths-2aop7n4a.png Table 4 Ranking of signature strengths https://scispace.com/papers/brine-migration-experimental-studies-for-salt-repositories-4s7bubw78w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-controlled-heating-stage-and-microscopy-21izr78l.png Figure 4. Temperature controlled heating stage and microscopy used for the inclusion migration studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-plot-of-eco-signal-and-numerical-fitting-of-the-1mmwutoj.png Figure 13. Plot of eco signal and numerical fitting of the decay signal for two discrete positions at 14 cm of the salt core. Data acquired using 1200 averages. We distinguish three separate water components with relaxation times of ~2 ms, 50 ms, and 200 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-showing-a-representation-of-salt-weight-loss-1z45zo65.png Figure 5. Plot showing a representation of salt weight loss as a function of its clay content (SDDI-SMP-00063). Data from current investigations of run of mine salt are represented by red squares. All other data points are from our previous investigation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-xrd-spectra-of-corrensite-from-seam-f-at-wipp-24bgov09.png Figure 23. XRD spectra of corrensite from Seam F, at WIPP. Spectra measured at temperatures from 25 oC to 250 oC. Note especially the shift of the d0002 reflection that occurs from 25 oC to 100 oC. This indicates a loss of interlayer H2O from the clay structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-picture-of-a-corrensite-seam-f-at-the-wipp-barrcdy5.png Figure 1. Picture of (a) Corrensite seam F at the WIPP repository, (b) micron size intercrystalline water inclusions from a WIPP salt sample, and (c) mm size inclusions in a halite crystal showing both single and two phase inclusions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-images-showing-multiple-inclusion-crossing-grain-1jclxhms.png Figure 19. Images showing multiple inclusion crossing grain boundaries, arrows show the migration direction of the expanded inclusions (top) and a single inclusion crossing a grain boundary (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-xrd-spectra-of-high-temperature-corrensite-wipp-3k36tmy5.png Figure 28. XRD spectra of high temperature corrensite + WIPP brine experiments. The spectra indicate that corrensite is stable at 300 oC, 160 bar under dry conditions and in the presence of various WIPP brine proportions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unit-cell-parameters-of-sulfates-at-300-oc-160-bar-8btia458.png Table 2. Unit cell parameters of sulfates at 300 oC, 160 bar in the presence of WIPP brine. The run conditions are listed in column 1, run product percentages are listed in columns 2 and 3, gypsum cell parameters are listed in columns 4-9, anhydrous anhydrite cell parameters are listed in columns 10-15. https://scispace.com/papers/bringing-the-pancreas-patient-back-to-the-bench-ex-vivo-1r5v7ndft0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characterisation-of-human-patient-derived-pdac-wbl2i5uo.png Figure 2. Characterisation of human patient derived PDAC explants cultured for 12 days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-and-tumour-characteristics-staging-based-on-73h5q07s.png Table 1: Patient and tumour characteristics. Staging based on American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition. Metastasis category not assessable by histology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-testing-of-clinical-and-novel-therapeutics-in-human-20j6vsfn.png Figure 3. Testing of clinical and novel therapeutics in human patient derived PDAC explants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tumour-and-stromal-architecture-are-maintained-in-eoqtg636.png Figure 1. Tumour and stromal architecture are maintained in human patient derived PDAC explants for 12 days of culture. https://scispace.com/papers/broadband-2d-electronic-spectroscopy-reveals-a-carotenoid-3i8ccjvva1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2d-es-excitation-in-5-550-630-nm-green-dots-p-1e8tz5nd.png Fig. 1. 2D ES excitation in 5 550-630 nm (green dots) p https://scispace.com/papers/brittle-to-ductile-transition-in-a-fiber-bundle-with-strong-3o3zpq7rh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-average-number-of-cracks-as-a-function-kds0ienq.png FIG. 8. (Color online) (a) Average number of cracks as a function of ε rescaled along the horizontal axis with pw = 1 − α. High quality data collapse can be observed up to the maximum. (b) Cluster size distributions determined at εSm for several compositions α. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-maximum-value-of-the-average-cluster-size-sav-max-2uxdi0go.png FIG. 7. The maximum value of the average cluster size 〈Sav〉max averaged over a large number of samples at a given α. Three distinct regimes can clearly be distinguished, which are separated by αc and α∗. The inset presents the same quantity in the range α > α∗ as a function of pc − pw , where pw = 1 − α. The straight line has slope 2.32. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-constitutive-behavior-of-the-9280wbw6.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The constitutive behavior of the twocomponent bundle for ELS (black continuous lines) and LLS (dasheddotted lines with different colors). The transition from brittle to ductile behavior can clearly be observed as α increases from bottom to top. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-snapshots-of-the-cluster-structure-in-3ssrr3kp.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Snapshots of the cluster structure in systems of size L = 100 taken at the deformation εSm where the average cluster size 〈Sav〉 has a maximum for different values of the control parameter α: (a) 0, (b) 0.08, (c) 0.35, (d) 0.4. The assignment of colors is the same as in Fig. 5. When the system only contains weak fibers (a) all the clusters are small compared to the system size. Above the critical point αc, growth and merging result in large cluster sizes which are only limited by the system size and by the underlying lattice structure of the weak and strong components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-avalanche-size-distributions-p-at-2dt3eqro.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Avalanche size distributions P ( ) at different values of α below and above αc. Straight lines with slope 9 2 and 2.0 are drawn to guide the eye. The value of α increases from bottom to top in the range < 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-size-of-the-largest-avalanche-max-as-a-2xfnk5hm.png FIG. 4. Average size of the largest avalanche max as a function of α. The position of the sharp peak αc coincides with the critical value of α we identified based on the constitutive curves. Inset: the same quantity plotted as a function of the distance from the critical point α − αc for α > αc. A straight line of slope 1.95 is drawn to guide the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-scaling-plot-of-avalanche-size-32q3bkm8.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Scaling plot of avalanche size distributions above αc using the average size of the largest avalanche max as scaling variable. An excellent collapse is achieved with the exponents ξ = 1.24 and β = 2.5. The bold line represents the fit with Eq. (4), where μ = 1.97 was obtained. The original distributions P ( ) are presented in the inset where α increases from right to left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-average-cluster-size-sav-a-and-average-3d1yfjau.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Average cluster size 〈Sav〉 (a) and average number of clusters 〈nc〉 (b) as function of ε for several compositions α of the system. For clarity, the vertical straight lines indicate the position εncm of the maximum of 〈nc〉 for a few α values: 0.0,0.13,0.27,0.44. https://scispace.com/papers/broadband-microwave-emission-spectrum-associated-with-25w5fpcjds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectrogram-of-an-open-space-microwave-emission-signal-2gx1l3he.png FIG. 5. Spectrogram of an open space microwave emission signal, 4.7 10 7 mbar oxygen pressure, 400 W microwave power, Bmin/BECR ratio of 0.83. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2-d-spectra-of-signals-oxygen-plasma-at-4-2-10-7-mbar-2wzg0v6f.png FIG. 4. 2-D spectra of signals. Oxygen plasma, at 4.2 10 7 mbar, 600 W of klystron power, Bmin/BECR¼ 0.79 (a) and Bmin/BECR¼ 0.83 (b); at 4.6 10 7 mbar, 300 W of klystron power, Bmin/BECR¼ 0.83 (c) and Bmin/BECR¼ 0.87 (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fourier-spectrum-of-the-open-space-microwave-emission-2vcj6szt.png FIG. 6. Fourier spectrum of the open space microwave emission signal, 4.7 10 7 mbar oxygen pressure, 400 W microwave power, Bmin/BECR ratio of 0.83. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-spectral-power-density-of-the-microwave-emission-1uvd45yx.png FIG. 7. The spectral power density of the microwave emission signal combining data from 5000 instability bursts. Oxygen pressure 4.7 10 7 mbar, microwave power 400 W, Bmin/ BECR ratio¼ 0.83. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-density-of-eigenmode-density-modes-per-1-ghz-d5bca5et.png FIG. 8. Simulated density of eigenmode density (modes per 1 GHz) for empty and plasma-loaded cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-the-experimental-setup-f0j73g68.png FIG. 1. Schematic drawing of the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-the-microwave-signal-waveform-oxygen-18cjqdbd.png FIG. 2. An example of the microwave signal waveform. Oxygen plasma, 4.7 10 7 mbar, Bmin/BECR¼ 0.83, 400 W microwave power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dynamic-spectrograms-of-the-emitted-microwave-signal-8lyr4evd.png FIG. 3. Dynamic spectrograms of the emitted microwave signal. Oxygen plasma, at 4.2 10 7 mbar, 600 W of klystron power, Bmin/BECR¼ 0.79 (a) and Bmin/BECR¼ 0.83 (b); at 4.6 10 7 mbar, 300 W of klystron power, Bmin/BECR¼ 0.83 (c) and Bmin/ BECR¼ 0.87 (d). https://scispace.com/papers/broken-hearths-melville-s-israel-potter-and-the-bunker-hill-4fvna435n7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-felix-o-c-darley-illustrations-of-rip-van-winkle-new-3e6yi820.png Fig. 3.—Felix O. C. Darley, Illustrations of Rip Van Winkle (New York: American Art-Union, 1848) The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Frederic F. Durand, 1933 www.metmuseum.org. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-currier-and-fisher-view-of-bunker-hill-monument-june-1xq5hopw.png Fig. 2.—Currier and Fisher, “View of Bunker Hill & Monument, June 17, 1843” Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Reproduction Number: LCDIG-ds-00670. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uncompleted-bunker-hill-monument-from-bunker-hill-1i2l5o4m.png Fig. 1.—Uncompleted Bunker Hill Monument, from “Bunker Hill Monument,” The American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge 3 (July 1837): 404. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-completed-bunker-hill-monument-by-edwin-a-abbey-3r11o5vb.png Fig. 4.—Completed Bunker Hill Monument, by Edwin A. Abbey, Frontispiece to the Proceedings of the Bunker Hill Monument Association (Boston, 1875). https://scispace.com/papers/brominated-flame-retardants-and-dechloranes-in-european-and-47jejuilrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concentration-ng-g-1-ww-of-sum-pbdes-in-american-mbke5s0u.png Figure 1: Concentration [ng g-1 ww] of Sum PBDEs in American and European eels throughout their life cycle stages (left) and contribution [%] of technical Penta- and OctaBDE(right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-mean-sd-flame-retardant-11ysa5e2.png Table 1: Comparison of the mean (± SD) flame retardant concentrations [ng g-1 ww], [ng g-1 lw] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-concentration-ng-g-1-ww-of-sum-alternate-bfrs-top-1fa18cc4.png Figure 2: Concentration [ng g-1 ww] of sum Alternate BFRs (top) and contribution [%] of individual substances (bottom) to the different groups throughout the life cycle of European (left) and American (right) eels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contribution-of-individual-dechloranes-to-the-sum-vf8fi5w1.png Figure 3: Contribution [%] of individual Dechloranes to the Sum Dechlorane contamination in American (left) and European (right) eels throughout their life cycle stages (picture life cycle: Dekker 2000) https://scispace.com/papers/brown-adipose-tissue-and-lipid-metabolism-imaging-12elbtaa3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trls-are-hydrolyzed-by-lpl-and-fa-can-bind-to-albumin-1jmt2tgw.png Fig. 1. TRLs are hydrolyzed by LPL and FA can bind to albumin. After dissociation from albumin, FA bind to membrane proteins such as CD36 or directly to FATP. A direct diffusion through the membrane is possible but dependent on free FA concentrations and FA already taken up by the cells [118]. FA from CD36 are handed to FATP and are transported through the membrane where they are either processed as FA or activated and coupled to coenzyme A (CoA) by ACSL. Free FA can then be stored in lipid droplets as TG after esterification or directly processed in the mitochondria. https://scispace.com/papers/brucella-suis-histidinol-dehydrogenase-synthesis-and-590pzu3yh1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structure-of-new-brucella-suis-hdh-1h7ua281.png Figure 1. Chemical structure of new Brucella suis HDH inhibitors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-inhibition-of-b-suis-histidinol-dehydrogenase-with-1188nlm5.png Table I. Inhibition of B. suis histidinol dehydrogenase with compounds 3a to 3m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-of-inhibitors-series-3-2hotoizx.png Figure 2. Structure of inhibitors series 3. https://scispace.com/papers/btk-operates-a-phospho-tyrosine-switch-to-regulate-nlrp3-21bsqx9pgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-btk-phosphorylation-of-the-nlrp3-polybasic-motif-2zdka8gf.png Figure 3: BTK phosphorylation of the NLRP3 polybasic motif enables Golgi/PI4P dissociation. (A, B) Charge distribution (A) and ProtPi net charge computation (B) of unmodified and 3x phospho-peptide polybasic human NLRP3 linker. (C) pH titration of peptides encompassing the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-btk-modification-affects-nlrp3-oligomerization-and-69jz7ugg.png Figure 4: BTK modification affects NLRP3 oligomerization and IL-1β release. (A-C) WT, Btk KO, Nlrp3 KO or Pycard (ASC) KO BMDMs stimulated and respective lysates analyzed directly by native PAGE (A, n=2 and B, n=4) or ASC cross-linked in the pellet (C, n=4) and/or analyzed by https://scispace.com/papers/bubble-dynamics-in-a-two-phase-bubbly-mixture-j15j2fbeol 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-evolution-of-normalized-primary-bubble-radii-vs-ai0df1ry.png Figure 11. Evolution of normalized primary bubble radii vs. time for the experiments conducted in bubbly medium. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-experiments-carried-out-in-the-spark-cell-170muh5f.png Table 1. List of experiments carried out in the spark cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-mercury-target-in-the-ornl-sns-999d75q0.png Figure 1. Schematic of the mercury target in the ORNL SNS system [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-snapshots-from-a-high-speed-movie-of-primary-bubble-3u4gacek.png Figure 5. Snapshots from a high speed movie of primary bubble growth and collapse in water with no bubble injection. Conditions are those of case 1 in Table1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-monitored-pressure-from-transducer-located-at-11-235nlv8s.png Figure 16. Monitored pressure from transducer located at 11 cm from bubble center versus time – Experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-monitored-pressure-at-r-11cm-versus-time-1n68wyyo.png Figure 17. Monitored pressure at r = 11cm versus time – Analytical Model. Bubble initial conditions are R0 = 0.0033 m and Pg0 = 1512942 Pa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-evolution-of-primary-bubble-radii-vs-time-17ns1v4q.png Figure 14. Evolution of primary bubble radii vs. time – Experiments versus Analytical Model. Experimental data are average of the 3 experiments and void fractions used are 0% and 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparisons-of-evolution-of-primary-bubble-radii-1bsjcag2.png Figure 12. Comparisons of evolution of primary bubble radii vs. time for the experiments conducted in pure liquid and bubbly medium. https://scispace.com/papers/buckling-behavior-monitoring-of-composite-wing-box-model-4veau7w3fp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-location-and-notation-of-fbg-sensors-30dkglnc.png Fig. 4 Location and notation of FBG sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-strain-vs-time-curve-by-fbg-sensors-during-bending-3om81am6.png Fig. 6 Strain vs. time curve by FBG sensors during bending test of composite wing box. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-deformed-shape-of-upper-skin-and-load-vs-strain-curves-39grke7w.png Fig. 7 Deformed shape of upper skin and load vs. strain curves by FBG B sensors during bending test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-configuration-of-a-the-wavelength-swept-fiber-laser-3ddc6dbp.png Fig. 1 Configuration of (a) the wavelength-swept fiber laser and (b) the grating sensor arrays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-original-sensor-signals-b-processed-signals-by-36rodxw0.png Fig. 2 (a) Original sensor signals, (b) Processed signals by electrical circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-deformed-shape-of-spars-and-load-vs-strain-curves-by-1rrmybgj.png Fig. 8 Deformed shape of spars and load vs. strain curves by FBGC sensors during bending test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-geometry-b-stacking-sequence-of-composite-win-box-2v3pfuv8.png Fig. 3 (a) Geometry, (b) Stacking sequence of composite win box. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-strains-of-upper-skin-along-the-center-line-under-jgn4qnpr.png Fig. 5 Strains of upper skin along the center line under bending loading. https://scispace.com/papers/buckling-of-composite-nonlocal-or-gradient-connected-beams-5b1014c3hg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-buckling-load-with-respect-to-the-connection-parameter-3fmzcwft.png Fig. 4. Buckling load with respect to the connection parameter ; g 2 f1; 2; 4; 8; 16g; fundamental (antisymmetrical) buckling mode; n ¼ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phenomenon-of-mode-exchange-of-the-antisymmetrical-1nwxuzr8.png Fig. 5. Phenomenon of mode exchange of the (antisymmetrical) buckling mode for su±ciently large sti®ness connection parameter ; g ¼ 200. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-buckling-load-for-the-symmetrical-jnz9gwe9.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the buckling load for the symmetrical and the antisymmetrical case; g ¼ 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hinge-hinge-nonlocally-connected-beams-hc2nqo93.png Fig. 1. Hinge hinge nonlocally connected beams. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phenomenon-of-mode-exchange-of-the-antisymmetrical-3oi6k44h.png Fig. 6. Phenomenon of mode exchange of the (antisymmetrical) buckling mode for su±ciently large sti®ness connection parameter ; g ¼ 90. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stability-domain-in-the-space-of-loading-parameters-1l186xuy.png Fig. 3. Stability domain in the space of loading parameters ðp1; p2Þ; unsymmetrical case; 1 ¼ 1 4; 2 ¼ 3 4; k 1 ¼ 150; k 2 ¼ 50; g ¼ 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stability-domain-in-the-space-of-loading-parameters-i41ydx4q.png Fig. 2. Stability domain in the space of loading parameters ðp1; p2Þ; symmetrical case; 1 ¼ 2 ¼ 1 2; k 1 ¼ k 2 ¼ 100; g ¼ 10. https://scispace.com/papers/build-orientation-optimization-problem-in-additive-3q4ocs35n6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rocket-shot-with-5mm-of-layer-height-3bt1chjj.png Fig. 8. Rocket shot with 5mm of layer height. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-45-degree-short-with-5mm-of-layer-height-1y5dtaxx.png Fig. 9. 45 degree short with 5mm of layer height. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cusp-height-3smgy1ci.png Fig. 1. Cusp height. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-45-degree-short-of-exp-bt-for-0-0-or-0-180-3vns7rvy.png Fig. 21. 45 Degree Short of exp BT for (0, 0) or (0, 180). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-rocket-shot-of-exp-v-e-and-exp-sa-for-0-0-or-180-180-fe3g9sso.png Fig. 16. Rocket Shot of exp V E and exp SA for (0, 0) or (180, 180). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-45-degree-short-of-exp-v-e-and-exp-sa-for-90-135-1xoog05q.png Fig. 19. 45 Degree Short of exp V E and exp SA for (90, 135). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-rocket-shot-of-exp-v-e-for-0-180-and-180-0-22ext2gg.png Fig. 17. Rocket Shot of exp V E for (0, 180) and (180, 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-air-duct-of-exp-v-e-and-exp-sa-for-0-180-or-180-0-2j6iswwh.png Fig. 14. Air duct of exp V E and exp SA for (0, 180) or (180, 0). https://scispace.com/papers/buckling-mode-jump-at-very-close-load-values-in-unattached-3n2gjlswua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hysteresis-at-1-hz-of-a-pmma-column-with-d-l-0-033-396hq9ot.png Figure 5: Hysteresis at 1 Hz of a PMMA column with d/l=0.033. The displacement amplitude is 0.53mm and the column length is 197.6mm. (a) Ends unattached. (b) Ends glued. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometry-of-linear-elastic-springs-demonstrating-13csvvsx.png Figure 1: Geometry of linear elastic springs demonstrating negative stiffness in a lumped system. (Adapted from Jaglinski et al. [2]) Displacement u is applied at point A at left, producing a force. (a) The springs are initially unstretched. (b) The springs are deformed to a new equilibrium configuration that exhibits negative stiffness. (c) Snap-through to a new stable configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-curved-end-of-column-modeled-as-a-portion-of-a-38m086gm.png Figure 6. (a) Curved end of column, modeled as a portion of a circle having radius R; (b) Displacement of forces action line due to rotation of curved column ends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-two-columns-with-different-end-conditions-3gzyc6bt.png Figure 7. The two columns with different end conditions analyzed to predict the second buckling load. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-load-thresholds-for-buckling-of-pmma-columns-for-3e9q4tah.png Figure 4: Load thresholds for buckling of PMMA columns for several aspect ratios; comparison of theory and experiment. Glued columns are considered as built-in. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-force-displacement-relationship-of-a-pmma-23uf2s9x.png Figure 3: (a) The force-displacement relationship of a PMMA column with d = 6.453 mm and l = 197.6mm from zero load through both buckling events. (b) Curve fit of the full experimental data set but only up to just prior to snap (second buckling) instability. A linear fit to the initial part of the experimental data was used to determine the thresholds for initial buckling and end tilt buckling. On the left, a portion of the raw experimental data for snapthrough associated with tilt of column ends is shown. https://scispace.com/papers/building-generation-expansion-plans-a-decision-aid-approach-1vlst1mgpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-evolution-of-the-reserve-margin-1rjs1up1.png Fig. 10. Evolution of the reserve margin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-characterization-of-the-4-alternative-technologies-2w3ubqjr.png Table II - Characterization of the 4 alternative technologies to install. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-the-existing-technologies-15qcjh4q.png Table I - Characteristics of the existing technologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-data-for-system-dynamic-simulation-2x7snp2q.png Table III - Data for System Dynamic simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-generation-expansion-plan-obtained-for-genco-1-3axps6w0.png Fig. 4. Generation expansion plan obtained for Genco_1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-generation-expansion-plan-obtained-for-genco-2-2fjhzbk7.png Fig. 5. Generation expansion plan obtained for Genco_2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-the-demand-along-the-planning-horizon-mvfi9od4.png Fig. 8. Evolution of the demand along the planning horizon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-generation-expansion-plan-obtained-for-genco-3-eyd1v779.png Fig. 6. Generation expansion plan obtained for Genco_3. https://scispace.com/papers/buildings-and-users-with-visual-impairment-uncovering-iivim7vl53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-memories-of-hotspots-in-other-buildings-3rxowdkr.png Figure 3 Memories of Hotspots in other Buildings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quantifiable-trace-hotspots-and-observations-2ykeenio.png Figure 2: Quantifiable Trace Hotspots and Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-finding-hotspots-in-the-trace-3cfel1lj.png Figure 4: Finding Hotspots in the Trace https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experienced-hotspots-not-evident-in-the-trace-1ytvzo9u.png Figure 5: Experienced Hotspots not evident in the Trace. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-trace-and-reflection-hotspot-1aqjfkho.png Figure 6: Trace and Reflection Hotspot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-data-fusion-across-all-3-phases-2dst2483.png Figure 7: Data fusion across all 3 Phases https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-profiles-1szf7raf.png Table 1 Participant Profiles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-way-finding-trace-nrwqs1mp.png Figure 1 Way-finding Trace https://scispace.com/papers/bulgarian-electricity-market-restructuring-4twbjhil16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-operation-of-market-segments-809h6b66.png Figure 4 : Operation of Market Segments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-bulgarian-electricity-export-structure-2005-izrlhgn0.png Figure 11 : Bulgarian Electricity Export Structure (2005) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-net-electricity-export-gwh-2000-2005-17l0osww.png Figure 10 : Net Electricity Export, GWh, 2000–2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stages-of-reform-2001-2006-14dk92dg.png Figure 1 : Stages of Reform, 2001–2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-transmission-lines-between-bulgaria-and-other-1imqvsbz.png Table 4 : Transmission Lines between Bulgaria and Other Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-bulgarian-transmission-lines-2ovu5ade.png Figure 12 : Bulgarian Transmission Lines https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gross-electricity-generation-by-plant-gwh-2000-2005-d0m54jv8.png Table 2 : Gross Electricity Generation by Plant, GWh, 2000–2005 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gross-electricity-generation-in-bulgaria-gwh-2005-1oe5w43n.png Figure 7 : Gross Electricity Generation in Bulgaria, GWh, 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/bulk-containers-for-deciduous-fruits-costs-and-efficiency-in-2dah5tyc8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-38-29jopko6.png Figure 8 38 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparisons-of-the-two-containers-a-24-lug-bin-itjg4p67.png Figure 1 - Comparisons of the two containers. A 24-lug bin occupies 36 cubic feet and weighs approximately 135 pounds while 24 lugs and the accompaning pallet occupy 57 cubic feet and weigh approximately 250 pounds. These differences in space requirements result in the use of bins increasing the net quantity of fruit that can be hauled on any given transport vehicle by approximately 33 per cent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alternative-lug-handling-methods-and-equipment-2xwqak0j.png Figure 3 - Alternative lug handling methods and equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4mq7ox93.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-total-hourly-handling-costs-with-alternative-lug-lbj0swsa.png Figure 6 Total Hourly Handling Costs With Alternative Lug Handling Methods In Relation To Rate of Output and One-Way Hauling Distance. California 1959. https://scispace.com/papers/bulk-single-crystal-growth-of-the-theoretically-predicted-46di4vvz6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-magnetic-data-obtained-on-a-floating-zone-grown-cealge-2cvtexjz.png FIG. 8. Magnetic data obtained on a floating-zone-grown CeAlGe single crystal with a mass of 125.4 mg. The magnetic susceptibility was measured in the range of 1.8–400 K with the field aligned parallel to a (black dots) and parallel to c (red dots). The main figure shows the inverse susceptibility obtained after field cooling at 0.1 T. Inset: The low-temperature range of both zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetic susceptibility curves measured at 5 mT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-low-temperature-magnetization-measured-in-zero-2stqfjay.png FIG. 7. Low-temperature magnetization measured in zero-fieldcooled and field-cooled manner on a powder sample of 22 mg (x = 1.1) and 20 mg (x = 0.9) of CeAlxGe2−x in a field of 5 mT. The inset shows the corresponding field dependence of the magnetization measured at 2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-field-dependence-of-the-magnetization-measured-on-a-2s340z3u.png FIG. 9. Field dependence of the magnetization measured on a 125.4 mg floating-zone-grown CeAlGe single crystal at 2 K, 3.5 K, and 5 K for both field directions: parallel to a (black/gray symbols) and c (red/pink/orange symbols). Insets show the magnetic field derivative of the corresponding 2 K data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-extract-of-dta-curves-of-polycrystalline-cealge-black-1v4mxzfe.png FIG. 1. Extract of DTA curves of polycrystalline CeAlGe (black) and PrAlGe (red) samples measured in the presence of 20 moles of Al flux at a quick heating and cooling rate of 10 K/min in the range of 30 ◦C to 950 ◦C. The first signal around 600 ◦C corresponds to the melting and crystallization of the Al flux. The inset shows a magnification of the PrAlGe DTA curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-bulk-magnetic-property-data-obtained-on-a-pralge-s4e8z4sa.png FIG. 11. Bulk magnetic property data obtained on a PrAlGe single crystal. The susceptibility was recorded in the range of 1.8– 400 K with the field aligned perpendicular (black dots) and parallel to c (red dots). The main panel shows the inverse susceptibility measured after FC at 0.1 T. The inset depicts the low-temperature range of both ZFC and FC curves measured at 5 mT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-temperature-dependent-ac-magnetization-measured-on-a-19re59y7.png FIG. 12. Temperature-dependent ac magnetization measured on a PrAlGe single crystal at a frequency of 11, 33, 111, 333, 1111 Hz with respect to the crystal oriented along the a direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-temperature-dependence-of-the-resistivity-with-the-181z8fuc.png FIG. 10. Temperature dependence of the resistivity with the current running along the a direction on a needle-like cut of 2.09 mg from a floating-zone-grown CeAlGe single crystal. The inset shows the field-dependent resistivity with fields parallel to c and the current along a (red symbols), and fields parallel to a while the current runs along c (black symbols). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-field-dependent-magnetization-measured-on-a-pralge-3ni6tuy9.png FIG. 13. Field-dependent magnetization measured on a PrAlGe single crystal at 2 K after ZFC, for both field directions: perpendicular (black) and parallel to c (red). The inset shows a comparison of the low-temperature susceptibility of a flux-grown crystal (5.4 mg) with a floating-zone-grown crystal (101 mg) measured at 5 mT with the field applied along the c axis. https://scispace.com/papers/buprenorphine-via-drinking-water-and-combined-oral-injection-2g8zx9by3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-individual-serum-concentrations-of-buprenorphine-in-q53qrjzo.png Figure 3: Individual Serum concentrations of buprenorphine in W animals at the time points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-individual-serum-concentrations-of-buprenorphine-in-2d7idl0i.png Figure 4: Individual serum concentrations of buprenorphine in IW2 animals at the time points https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-sd-serum-concentrations-of-buprenorphine-in-w-2lvbdvhn.png Table 2: Mean (±SD) serum concentrations of buprenorphine in W, IW2 and IW3 animals at https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-drinking-behaviour-over-24-h-water-intake-was-3t1k0pj3.png Figure 1: Drinking behaviour over 24 h: Water intake was frequent during the dark phase https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scoring-system-for-clinical-investigation-and-2gomrsqe.png Table 1: Scoring system for clinical investigation and behaviour based pain assessment in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-individual-serum-concentrations-of-buprenorphine-in-1ukkcmki.png Figure 5: Individual serum concentrations of buprenorphine in IW3 animals at the time points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-activity-mean-sd-distance-in-cm-moved-during-24h-1s5hycq3.png Figure 2: A Activity: Mean (±SD) distance in cm moved during 24h. Distance moved was https://scispace.com/papers/burn-threshold-prediction-for-high-efficiency-deep-grinding-1i0an7qdrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-burn-threshold-diagram-after-malkin-17-1qo5nadx.png Figure 1: Burn threshold diagram after Malkin [17] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-limiting-threshold-curves-for-a-temperature-rise-of-ptx656dr.png Figure 5: Limiting threshold curves for a temperature rise of 150ºC, comparing the original Malkin model to the model described in equation 22 and demonstrating grinding burn at very low values of specific grinding energy, which occur during the transition from conventional to HEDG grinding regimes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-burn-threshold-diagram-demonstrating-a-limiting-1v1t7oz0.png Figure 8: Burn threshold diagram demonstrating a limiting threshold for a temperature rise of 150ºC for wheel speeds of 100m/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-burnt-surfaces-in-sg-cast-iron-showing-2ey9bluh.png Figure 6: Sample burnt surfaces in SG Cast Iron showing typical temper discoloration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-burn-threshold-diagram-demonstrating-a-limiting-glcdhw22.png Figure 7: Burn threshold diagram demonstrating a limiting threshold for a temperature rise of 150ºC for wheel speeds of 50m/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-circular-arc-of-heat-contact-model-after-rowe-jin-1l560vdm.png Figure 2: Circular arc of heat contact model after Rowe & Jin [18] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-burn-threshold-diagram-demonstrating-a-limiting-6k2mmtsu.png Figure 9: Burn threshold diagram demonstrating a limiting threshold for a temperature rise of 150ºC for wheel speeds of 150m/s https://scispace.com/papers/burst-bubbles-or-build-steam-entrepreneurship-education-49heh2li2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ols-regression-estimation-of-entrepreneurial-12fafyym.png Table 4: OLS Regression Estimation of Entrepreneurial Intention Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-respondents-2m904m4l.png Table 2: Characteristics of the respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-and-correlations-n-114-3r7dex1s.png Table 3: Descriptive Statistics and Correlations (N = 114) Variable Mean St. Dev 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interaction-effect-of-self-efficacy-and-course-type-1bns0wdu.png Figure 1: Interaction Effect of Self-Efficacy and Course Type on Entrepreneurial Intention https://scispace.com/papers/business-travel-risk-and-safety-of-female-university-faculty-2lpzkzlzrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-aspects-of-travel-risk-as-narrated-by-female-3inqp0n6.png Figure 2. Three aspects of travel risk as narrated by female faculty and staff. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-overview-of-protection-motivation-theory-adapted-2751txec.png Figure 1. An overview of protection motivation theory (adapted form Floyd et al. 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-profile-3s5x66gf.png Table 1. Participants’ profile. https://scispace.com/papers/busyness-of-audit-committee-directors-and-quality-of-16nbiijshl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-discretionary-accruals-and-1neiwzp2.png Table 2: Association between discretionary accruals and busyness of audit committee members-foreign firms (Data: 2004-12) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-coefficients-of-discretionary-accruals-2foku754.png Table 1: Comparison of coefficients of discretionary accruals for sub-samples and overall sample (Data: 2004-12) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-association-between-discretionary-accruals-and-2ky5ndoe.png Table 6: Association between discretionary accruals and busyness of audit committee members-summary findings full sample (Data: 2004-12) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-association-between-discretionary-accruals-and-2x5it62w.png Table 5: Association between discretionary accruals and busyness of audit committee members-full sample (Data: 2004-12) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-between-discretionary-accruals-and-2nkmdgab.png Table 4: Association between discretionary accruals and busyness of audit committee members-private firms (Data: 2004-12) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-association-between-discretionary-accruals-and-1fxkam00.png Table 3: Association between discretionary accruals and busyness of audit committee members-government firms (Data: 2004-12) https://scispace.com/papers/business-and-the-risk-of-crime-in-china-30f3y2e5vn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-three-business-size-measures-u05lefby.png Table 6.1 Three Business Size Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-8-extortion-and-intimidation-characteristics-of-34cpe6vw.png Table 5.8 Extortion and Intimidation: Characteristics of incidents by city (per cent) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-rates-of-incarceration-in-hong-kong-mainland-v3n07oan.png Figure 2.5 Rates of Incarceration in Hong Kong, Mainland China and Selected Countries (per 100 000 population) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-7-reasons-for-not-reporting-non-conventional-crimes-pbzscce2.png Table 7.7 Reasons for Not Reporting Non-Conventional Crimes to Police by Type of Crime https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-monetary-loss-due-to-common-crime-mean-median-and-3m61x4u2.png Table 4.6 Monetary Loss Due to Common Crime: Mean, median and estimated total loss by city https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-one-year-prevalence-of-fraud-bribery-and-bm11c82o.png Figure 5.3 One-Year Prevalence of Fraud, Bribery and Extortion: China ICBS (2004–05) and Central Eastern Europe ICBS (1999) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-9-satisfaction-with-police-response-to-non-2vdvul1g.png Table 7.9 Satisfaction with Police Response to Non-Conventional Crime and Reasons for Dissatisfaction, by Type of Crime https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-14-contact-with-council-or-police-about-crime-3ps2alf2.png Table 7.14 Contact with Council or Police about Crime Prevention by Victimisation https://scispace.com/papers/byzantine-tolerant-uniform-node-sampling-service-in-large-13qki730u5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-distribution-as-a-function-of-time-zyhmzyr5.png Figure 3.: Frequency distribution as a function of time. Settings: n = 1000, c = 15, s1 = 10 and s2 = 15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-algorithm-a-3-run-by-node-i-n-1ksou3d2.png Figure 10.: Algorithm A(3) run by node i ∈ N . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-frequency-distribution-as-a-function-of-node-u305ufhk.png Figure 4.: Frequency distribution as a function of node identifiers. Settings: m = 100, 000, n = 1, 000, c = 15, s1 = 10 and s2 = 15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-euclidean-distance-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-1d35ii0i.png Figure 5.: Euclidean distance as a function of the number of malicious node identifiers. Settings: m = 100, 000, n = 1, 000, c = 15, s1 = 10 and s2 = 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gain-of-the-knowledge-free-algorithm-as-a-function-3khht06m.png Figure 6.: Gain of the knowledge-free algorithm as a function of its parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distance-of-the-output-stream-generated-by-a-r-9bbte34h.png Figure 11.: Distance of the output stream generated by A(r) from the uniform one as a function of the number of instances r of the knowledge-free algorithm. Settings: m = 100, 000, n = 1, 000, and c = 15, s1 = 10, s2 = 15 for each sketch instance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ged-as-a-function-of-the-input-stream-size-m-the-1bmvehzl.png Figure 8.: GED as a function of the input stream size m. The input stream is biased by a peak attack generated by Zipfian distribution with α = 4. Settings: n = 1, 000, c = 15, s1 = 10 and s2 = 15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-euclidean-distance-between-the-different-streams-82o9ukgr.png Figure 9.: Euclidean distance between the different streams (input and output ones) and the uniform one. The input stream has been extracted from the real dataset. Settings: s1 = 10. https://scispace.com/papers/cache-based-model-checking-of-networked-applications-from-307c2o23b0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-model-checking-a-client-that-non-3oechebf.png Figure 4. Example: model checking a client that non-deterministically sends two possible requests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-a-web-server-returning-a-page-containing-a-1uxhyesj.png Figure 3. Example: A web server returning a page containing a counter is model checked. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-results-of-our-experiments-38x9ib0v.png Table III RESULTS OF OUR EXPERIMENTS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cache-layer-architecture-xi4wfopo.png Figure 1. Cache layer architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-state-space-in-the-model-checker-left-and-cached-1sqm5bl9.png Figure 2. State space in the model checker (left) and cached communication data (middle/right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-example-applications-used-1zlm0tb6.png Table II EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS USED. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-complexity-metrics-for-the-linear-time-and-branching-1ne8j8zx.png Table I COMPLEXITY METRICS FOR THE LINEAR-TIME AND BRANCHING-TIME CACHE MODELS. https://scispace.com/papers/cache-conscious-radix-decluster-projections-41nyby7w1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-overall-join-performance-2d0gtpvp.png Figure 10: Overall Join Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-memory-access-pattern-of-radix-decluster-2d3iwmfs.png Figure 5: The Memory Access Pattern Of Radix-Decluster https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-symbols-used-in-cost-models-cf-man02-rsfj6j7u.png Table 1: List of Symbols used in Cost Models (cf., [Man02]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimized-dsm-post-projection-using-radix-decluster-1mq7rf8w.png Figure 4: Optimized DSM Post-Projection Using Radix-Decluster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-modeled-lines-vs-measured-points-performance-of-b7bcdevj.png Figure 9: Modeled (lines) vs. Measured (points) Performance of various Join-Phases (DSM, π = 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-handling-non-continuous-addressing-and-variable-1j6h1lay.png Figure 12: Handling Non-Continuous Addressing and Variable-sized Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-partitioned-hash-join-2jpjw2bp.png Figure 2: Partitioned Hash-join https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-impact-of-selectivity-sparse-clustered-positional-11f4j0hy.png Figure 11: Impact of Selectivity: Sparse Clustered Positional Join (N = 1M) https://scispace.com/papers/cache-hash-and-space-efficient-bloom-filters-2jyke04dzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparing-the-empirical-fpr-to-the-theoretically-kuvymvk5.png Fig. 1. Comparing the empirical FPR to the theoretically computed one, for some variants. The lines represent the theoretical, the points indicate the experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-hash-bits-used-by-the-various-variants-f-2jvoqzpd.png Table 2. Number of hash bits used by the various variants. f is the desired FPR, n the number of elements, and m the available space, B the block size, and ` the length of the pattern table. Throughout this paper, log x stands for log2 x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-execution-times-for-positive-top-and-negative-bottom-3s4hu29y.png Fig. 4. Execution times for positive (top) and negative (bottom) queries for the variants accessing two blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-hash-bits-used-against-the-fpr-apj73xlz.png Fig. 2. Number of hash bits used against the FPR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-execution-times-for-positive-top-negative-middle-2pyyaucy.png Fig. 3. Execution times for positive (top), negative (middle) queries, and size of filter in bits per contained element (bottom). For comparison, lines connect data points with the same number of bits per element. For readability, only the variants accessing one block are shown here in (top) and (middle), the two-block variants can be found in Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-cache-misses-for-various-algorithms-rp4upkpr.png Table 3. Number of cache misses for various algorithms, operations, and table sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-increasing-the-space-for-a-blocked-bloom-filter-to-rwd3jmk4.png Table 1. Increasing the space for a blocked Bloom filter to compensate the FPR (B=512). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-execution-times-of-the-different-operations-for-many-23o6fjm5.png Fig. 5. Execution times of the different operations for many variants and tuning parameters, FPR equivalent to a standard Bloom filter with c = 40 and optimal k. https://scispace.com/papers/cadastro-das-areas-naturais-protegidas-em-minas-gerais-38jopa9gde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-protected-areas-in-minas-gerais-number-of-11xxp54g.png Table 1: Table of protected areas in Minas Gerais - number of units (Source: FEAM. Cadastro de Unidades de Conservação, dec. 1995). https://scispace.com/papers/caching-and-multicasting-in-dbs-systems-f9xa132iyj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-caching-in-a-dbs-system-2r7n81hk.png Figure 3. Overview of Caching in a DBS System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-efficient-distrib-ution-of-availab-le-band-width-in-13p2xfqm.png Figure 4. Efficient Distrib ution of Availab le Band width in a DBS System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contrib-utor-s-to-latenc-y-in-a-dbs-system-f9115svc.png Figure 2. Contrib utor s to Latenc y in a DBS System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-a-typical-internet-over-satellite-dbs-1as0jj3c.png Figure 1. Overview of a Typical Internet over Satellite DBS System https://scispace.com/papers/calculating-printing-speed-for-polylactic-acid-continuous-3ljvc5zvad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-creating-rounded-corners-at-a-high-printing-speed-1sdm4jaz.png Figure 4. Creating rounded corners at a high printing speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-printed-samples-at-printing-speeds-of-a-0-1-b-0-25-22k1rexy.png Figure 8. Printed samples at printing speeds of a) 0.1, b) 0.25, c) 0.5, d) 1, and e) 2 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 at corners and 15 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 at other paths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-corner-radius-and-print-time-values-for-samples-with-rwzrsajz.png Table 3. Corner radius and print time values for samples with variable speed printing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-corner-radius-values-and-printing-time-for-different-3rhssvo7.png Table 2. Corner radius values and printing time for different constant speeds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-variations-as-a-function-of-distance-3js3x9f8.png Figure 5. Temperature variations as a function of distance from the nozzle at different fiber volume percent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-element-for-thermal-analysis-1pnd751f.png Figure 1. The element for thermal analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-printed-parts-with-the-proposed-algorithm-a-11yvp99n.png Figure 10. Printed parts with the proposed algorithm. a) cmposite sample with continuous fibers in the curved path, b) composite sample with continuous fibers 0/90,c) standard specimens of tensile test (dog-bone) d) composite sample with continuous fibers ±45 , e) composite sample with continuous fibers 0/15/30/45/60/75/90/10/5/120, and f) handle of a pair of pliers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-printed-samples-at-printing-speeds-of-a-2-b-4-c-6-d-2815v0oy.png Figure 6. Printed samples at printing speeds of a) 2, b) 4, c) 6, d) 8, e) 10 and f) 15 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 https://scispace.com/papers/calcium-binding-and-transport-by-coenzyme-q-hsx3k1qveb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-ph-induces-time-dependent-transformation-of-36fy1f39.png Figure 1. High pH induces time-dependent transformation of CoQ1. (A) CVs of 0.5 mM CoQ1 recorded in 0.1 M NaOH. The scans were recorded 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 8 h after the addition of 0.1 M NaOH. (B) (Black trace) CV of the native CoQ1 (yellow form) dissolved directly in a neutral aqueous solution; (red trace) CV of the new (purple) hydroxylated derivative of CoQ1. CoQ1 was initially in contact with 0.1 MNaOH for 6 h. In both cases, the final pH was adjusted to 7.4. c(CoQ1) = 50 μM, scan rate was 30 mV/s. (C) Time course of UV vis kinetic spectra of 10 μM CoQ1 in 0.1 M NaOH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cyp450-induces-structural-changes-of-coq10-and-32iwwrhg.png Figure 4. CYP450 induces structural changes of CoQ10 and renders it sensitive to Ca2þ. (A) CVs of 2 μM CoQ10 recorded in aqueous solution (pH≈ 7.4) after prolonged exposure to 1 MNaOH. (B) CV of 2 μMCoQ10 in aqueous solution (pH≈ 7.4) after prolonged exposure to 1 nM Cytochrome P450 (CYP450). (C) The effect of different Ca2þ concentrations on the net SWVs of CoQ10 previously exposed to 1 nM CYP450. pH≈ 7.40. The parameters of the potential modulation are the same as in Figure 3C. (D) Dependence of the net SW peak potential of CoQ10 previously exposed to 1 nM CYP450 on the logarithm of Ca2þ concentration (peak II in panel C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hydroxyl-coq10-transports-ca2th-across-artificial-1v8ywkn4.png Figure 5. Hydroxyl CoQ10 transports Ca2þ across artificial biomembranes. (A) Thin-organic film electrode set up. CVs representing transfer of Ca2þ across an artificial biomimetic membrane facilitated by reduction of the embedded hydroxylated form of CoQ10. 100 μM CoQ10 was initially dissolved in DCE containing 200 μM tetraoctylammonium hydroxide and 100 μM phosphatidyle choline. (B) Dependence of the cathodic-peak potential on the logarithm of Ca2þ concentration in the aqueous phase for the CVs shown in panel A. (C) Fura 2 measurements of Ca2þ transported across hydroxyl CoQ enriched artificial biomembranes. Ca2þ concentration in the presence of 1mMCoQ10 (red bar) in the organic solvent was∼319( 73 nM, while in the absence of CoQ10 it was 175 ( 3 nM. Error bars show standard deviation. n = 3. Unpaired Student’s t test, p = 0.02. (D) EPR spectra of 0.5 mM CoQ10 recorded in tert-butylalcohol in the presence of halfequimolar amounts of tert-butylammonium chloride as reducing agent. (Simulation parameters: 3H 0.213 mT, 1Ha 0.102 mT, 1Hb 0.112 mT, LW 0.033 mT.) (E) EPR spectra of 0.5 mM CoQ10 recorded in tertbutylalcohol in the presence of 5 mM organic base (tetraoctylammonium hydroxide) without any reductive agent. (Simulation parameters: 3H 0.203 mT, 1Ha 0.100 mT, 1Hb 0.104 mT, LW 0.095 mT.) The simulated curves are shown in red; the dotted lines indicate the position of the outer lines of the spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hplc-ms-spectra-of-coq1-treated-with-naoh-or-cyp450-hedn2bwz.png Figure 6. HPLC-MS spectra of CoQ1 treated with NaOH or CYP450. (A) Chromatograms of 0.8 mM CoQ1 treated with 0.1 NaOH for 8 h and retitrated to pH of 7.4 (black), and of 0.8 mMCoQ1 in the presence of 1 nM CYP450 (red). Mass spectra of native CoQ1 (B), monohydroxylated CoQ1 (C), and dihydroxylated CoQ1 (D) recorded from 0.8 mM CoQ1 treated with 0.1 M NaOH and retitrated to pH of 7.4. Mass spectra of native CoQ1 (E) monohydroxylated CoQ1 (F) and dihydroxylated CoQ1 (H) recorded from 0.8 mM CoQ1 exposed to CYP450 for prolonged time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-determining-the-structure-of-the-new-coq1-product-3ktv8hl2.png Figure 2. Determining the structure of the new CoQ1 product using EPR andNMR. (A) EPR spectrum of 0.5 mMCoQ1 recorded in neutral pH (∼7), in the presence of half-equivalent molar amount of NaBH4. exp = experimental, sim = simulated (3H of methyl aiso = 0.203 mT; 2 equiv H of isoprenoid chain aiso = 0.103 mT, line width (LW) = 0.018 mT. (B) EPR spectra of 4 mM CoQ1 recorded in 0.1 M NaOH. (C) NMR spectra of 1 mg/mL CoQ1 dissolved in 0.1 MNaOD for different times, and retitrated to pD of∼7 with DNO3. TMS = tetramethyl silane. (D) Ratio of the relative integrals from the signal of methanol and methoxy groups as a function of time. TMS was used as an internal standard. The ratio is measured from the NMR spectra of 1 mg/mL CoQ1 dissolved in 0.1 MNaOD for different times, and retitrated to pD of 7 with DNO3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hydroxyl-coq1-binds-ca2th-and-is-less-ph-sensitive-3i72v8dz.png Figure 3. Hydroxyl CoQ1 binds Ca2þ and is less pH sensitive. (A) CVs of 50 μMCoQ1 (dissolved in 0.1 M NaOH for 60 min and retitrated to pH of 7) as a function of pH. Scan rate = 30 mV/s. (B) Midpeak potential dependence on pH for the response of the peak assigned to the native CoQ1 appearing at more positive potentials (see panel A, marked with asterisks). (C) Net square-wave voltammograms showing the Ca2þ-sensitivity of the redox process of the hydroxylated form of CoQ1 (peak II). c(CoQ1) was 10 μM, pH ≈ 7.4. SW frequency f = 8Hz, SW amplitude Esw = 50mV, and potential step dE = 1mV. (D)Net SWV peak potential dependence on logarithm of Ca2þ concentration for the response of the hydroxylated form of CoQ1 (peak II in panel C). https://scispace.com/papers/calculation-of-electric-potential-rise-of-horizontal-48h3gj1ixx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-polarization-mechanisms-related-to-the-frequency-1tidyol2.png Fig. 1. Polarization mechanisms related to the frequency dependence of the relative https://scispace.com/papers/calculation-of-monthly-average-insolation-on-tilted-surfaces-4rv4r89yrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3nnwqckw.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/calculation-of-parity-nonconserving-effects-in-forbidden-m1-uhu0s3kg9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-18g7owfp.png TABLE 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-and-is-the-same-used-in-i-an-electric-field-e-e-is-hqkpy3g1.png Fig. 2, and is the same used in I. An electric field E e is perpendicular oy to the photon propagation vector ex. The photon has polarization ~ A A 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ionization-ionization-hyper-fine-hyperfine-energy-321kjiq3.png TABLE 1 Ionization Ionization Hyper fine Hyperfine energy energy energy energy https://scispace.com/figures/table-5b-calculation-of-lln-for-the-6s1-8s1-transition-p-2-2-3fwf9j9n.png TABLE 5B. Calculation of lLN for the 6S1 -+ 8S1 transition. p "2 "2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-st-miiilary-of-contributions-to-the-ml-transition-2v1srkyr.png TABLE 4. St.miiilary of contributions to the Ml transition rates. https://scispace.com/papers/calderas-landslides-and-paleo-canyons-on-piton-de-la-4jua4dey90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2yza95s1.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1y4py9iz.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2wl6pof7.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2qis9djy.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1qbnbwy0.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2jzcuhsc.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2qlfttzp.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-10ktb25k.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/calibration-of-a-multi-physics-ensemble-for-greenhouse-gas-16luczd7qf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-rank-histograms-of-the-calibrated-ensembles-found-27hd78si.png Figure 8. Rank histograms of the calibrated ensembles found for wind speed (a, d, g), wind direction (b, e, h) and PBLH (c, f, i) for each of the ensemble size. The upper, middle and lower panels correspond to the ensembles with 10, 8 and 5 members, respectively. The horizontal dashed line (r) corresponds to the ideal value for a flat rank histogram with respect to the number of members. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spread-model-ensemble-mean-rmse-model-data-and-ratio-fjubni1s.png Table 5. Spread (model–ensemble mean), RMSE (model–data) and ratio (spread2/RMSE2) at each of the in situ CO2 mixing ratio towers, for the 45-member ensemble and 10-member ensemble calibrated with SA and GA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-ensemble-mean-and-spread-i-e-rmsd-of-the-dda-at-3c45ltjw.png Figure 13. Ensemble mean and spread (i.e., RMSD) of the DDA at approximately 100 m CO2 concentrations at Mead (first column; a, d, g, j), WBI (middle column; b, e, h, k) and WLEF (last column; c, f, i, l) towers using SA-calibrated ensembles. Rows from top to bottom are 45-, 10-, 8- and 5-member ensembles. The blue area is the spread of the 45-member ensemble, the green area is the spread is the spread of the calibrated (10-, 8- and 5-member) ensembles, the black line is the mean of the ensemble, and the red dots are the observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-series-of-the-simulated-and-observed-for-300-m-20i7eqiu.png Figure 5. Time series of the simulated and observed for 300 m wind speed (a, b), 300 m wind direction (c, d) and PBLH (e, f) at the GRB (a, c, e) and TOP (b, d, f) sites. The shaded blue area represents the spread (i.e., RMSD) of the full ensemble, the solid line is the ensemble mean, and the red dots are the observations at 00:00 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rank-histogram-of-the-45-member-ensemble-for-wind-3kgfypl6.png Figure 6. Rank histogram of the 45-member ensemble for wind speed (a), wind direction (b) and PBLH (c) using 14 rawinsonde sites available over the region. The horizontal dashed line (r) corresponds to the ideal value for a flat rank histogram with respect to the number of members. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spread-skill-relationship-for-a-wind-speed-b-wind-2io45ef5.png Figure 7. Spread–skill relationship for (a) wind speed, (b) wind direction and (c) PBLH using the 14 rawinsonde sites available over the region. Each point represents the model ensemble spread (standard deviation of the model–data difference) and skill (mean absolute error) for each observation. A one-to-one line is plotted in black and a line of best fit is plotted in red. Correlation (r) and slope (b) of the line of best fit of the spread–skill relationship are plotted as well. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-residual-model-data-mismatch-mean-and-standard-1cb0115u.png Figure 12. Residual (model–data mismatch) mean and standard deviation of individual members for wind speed (a), wind direction (b) and PBLH (c) using the SA- and GA-calibrated sub-ensemble of five members. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-domain-used-by-wrf-chemco2-physics-1eclbrn5.png Figure 1. Geographical domain used by WRF-ChemCO2 physics ensemble. The parent domain (d01) has a 30 km resolution, the inner domain (d02) has a 10 km resolution. Contours represent terrain height in meters. The inner domain covers the study region and includes the rawinsonde sites (red circles) and the CO2 towers (blue triangles) locations. https://scispace.com/papers/calendar-year-2007-program-benefits-for-energy-star-labeled-410ejpaj90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-cumulative-savings-1993-2015-2zmdi0im.png Table 8. Cumulative Savings (1993-2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-energy-star-market-transformation-methodology-3a1ixag4.png Table 4. ENERGY STAR Market Transformation Methodology https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-energy-star-products-1of7yz6u.png Table 1. Summary of ENERGY STAR products https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-projected-annual-savings-in-2009-28qq680d.png Table 7. Projected Annual savings in 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-analysis-of-carbon-savings-1993-2025-1nr8eqsn.png Figure 3. Sensitivity Analysis of Carbon Savings (1993-2025) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-carbon-savings-for-energy-star-labeled-products-1wyr1oe6.png Figure 2. Carbon Savings for ENERGY STAR labeled products (1993-2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-achieved-annual-savings-in-2007-3t0d8xlo.png Table 5. Achieved Annual savings in 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-estimate-energy-prices-and-carbon-factors-by-14r6o5a3.png Table 3. Best Estimate Energy Prices and Carbon Factors by Year (2007 dollars) https://scispace.com/papers/calibration-of-chemical-kinetic-models-using-simulations-of-1kj4gy29ww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mesh-used-in-dsc-and-tga-simulations-3jd5pepp.png Figure 2. MESH USED IN DSC AND TGA SIMULATIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mesh-used-in-odtx-simulations-2eeox80d.png Figure 3. MESH USED IN ODTX SIMULATIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tnt-material-properties-2a8vpne4.png Table 2. TNT MATERIAL PROPERTIES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-updated-mcguire-tarver-model-1d5zi0z1.png Table 3. UPDATED MCGUIRE-TARVER MODEL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mcguire-tarver-tnt-decomposition-kinetics-9wxjgpbd.png Table 1. MCGUIRE-TARVER TNT DECOMPOSITION KINETICS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-experimental-and-simulated-odtx-data-cqy00t94.png Figure 4. COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATED ODTX DATA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-closed-pan-dsc-experimental-data-euzhuuit.png Figure 1. CLOSED-PAN DSC EXPERIMENTAL DATA. https://scispace.com/papers/calibration-validation-for-the-geos-3-altimeter-1pmvjlgzp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nasa-laser-tracking-station-coordinates-krabiu-et-al-2sh50aw2.png Table 1 NASA Laser Tracking Station Coordinates (KrabiU, et. al., 1978) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-geos-3-rev-4553-orbit-heights-over-1vm23nl0.png Table 4 Comparison of GEOS-3 Rev 4553 Orbit Heights Over Bermuda From Multi-Revolution Data Arcs With Definitive Single Pass Laser Solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sunlrrlarizes-tltesc-comctions-for-tllc-two-bermuda-6p4ajsxc.png Table 8 sunlrrlarizes tltesc comctions for tllc two Bermuda near overl~cad flights. For Rev 5471, an ncltlitianal geaid correction has beert included, sin= the groundtrack lias a 1 krn offset 1 from the trackitlg statio~l R I I ~ Rev 4553 indicates tllut tlrere is approximately a 1 5 cm variation in 1 i t l ~ c geoid over thig distance. Tlrc Rev 4553 groundtrack passes sitfficiently close to tile tracking https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-computation-ot-geos-3-altimeter-bias-estimates-using-1bzv7gzh.png Table 9 Computation ot GEOS-3 Altimeter Bias Estimates Using Two Bermuda Ovcrfligllts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-measured-and-predicted-tides-at-bermuda-around-time-1azco6a7.png Figure 8. Measured and Predicted Tides at Bermuda Around Time of Crossing oEGEOS-3 on Rev 5471 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-graphically-the-various-components-i-the-g4i8y467.png Figure 3 shows graphically the various components i,' the overhead calibration, with the altimeter measurement, llfr, assumed to bc corrected as indicated in l above. In practice, station positions and sea surface lreigllt calculations itre made relative to a reference ellipsoid, Directly https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-approximate-sea-state-biases-for-the-two-ceos-3-1evds56h.png Table 7 Approximate Sea State Biases for the Two CEOS-3 Calibration Passes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-laser-trackhg-support-on-igeos-3-rev-4553-february-2p4jls2b.png Table 2 Laser Trackhg Support on IGEOS-3 Rev 4553, February 25, 1976 https://scispace.com/papers/caloric-materials-near-ferroic-phase-transitions-3zn3gdciz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selected-components-from-the-1978-magnetocaloric-1nx1kbge.png Figure 3. Selected components from the 1978 magnetocaloric refrigerator prototype with a record temperature span of Th - Tc = 80 K. Brown improved 105 upon his 1976 prototype 12 , which spanned Th - Tc = 47 K, by enlarging it and reducing turbulence in the regenerator fluid. This reduction in turbulence was achieved by streamlining the ends of the Gd plates (shown in and out of canister housing), and by placing at each end of the canister a wire screen (examples are shown bottom right). Image and information courtesy of G. V. Brown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-state-variables-and-direct-measurements-heat-q-is-1u423xir.png Table 4. State variables and direct measurements. Heat Q is not a state variable and should therefore be written without . Entropy change S cannot be measured directly. Changes T in the state variable temperature can be measured directly. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-caloric-publications-in-recent-decades-33f0dil9.png Figure 1. Caloric publications in recent decades. Magnetocaloric (MC) research activity was stimulated by the 1976 report 12 of sustained cooling near room temperature, and by the 1997 report 17 of giant effects in Gd5Si2Ge2. Inset, detail of main figure showing increase of MC research prior to 1997. Electrocaloric (EC) research activity on film and bulk samples was stimulated by the 2006 report 15 of giant effects in films of PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3, and the subsequent 2008 report on polymer films 16 (bulk and film are distinguished by growth methodology rather than thickness). Elastocaloric (eC) and barocaloric (BC) research are described collectively as mechanocaloric (mC) research. The recent increase in mC research activity follows a period in which some years saw BC but no eC publications. All five plots are subject to errors associated with search terminology, and include cryogenic studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selected-caloric-effects-at-phase-transitions-near-1w53yi4e.png Figure 2. Selected caloric effects at phase transitions near and away from room temperature. For the caloric materials of Tables 1-3, adiabatic temperature change |ΔT| is plotted against isothermal heat |Q|, as both materials parameters are relevant for applications. The normalization of heat by mass strongly favours the low-density EC polymer films, which are roughly four times less dense than the EC ceramics. Abbreviated formulae are defined in Table 2 footnotes. Plots with molar and volume normalization appear in Supplementary Information. https://scispace.com/papers/cam-based-high-speed-compressed-data-communication-system-5fhes6w9to 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-shows-the-basic-architecture-of-fpga-that-1kxjybma.png Figure 4 shows the basic architecture of FPGA that https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fpga-synthesis-and-implementation-20qeuvrw.png Figure 3. FPGA synthesis and implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-rtl-view-of-the-cam-ckde6w24.png Figure 8. RTL View of the CAM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-floor-plan-of-proposed-cam-architecture-6ki7kn24.png Figure 10. Floor Plan of Proposed CAM Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-general-video-compression-scheme-r3auy2c3.png Figure 1. A General video compression Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-complete-view-of-the-cam-3lhjti5b.png Figure 9. Complete View of the CAM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-basic-transmission-scheme-1jrs7grq.png Figure 2. Basic Transmission Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cam-dictionary-interface-3ee4rmaq.png Figure 5. CAM dictionary Interface https://scispace.com/papers/camp-enhances-bmp2-signaling-through-pka-and-mkp1-dependent-3k7nu5bm7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-forskolin-on-bmp2-induced-mkp-1-and-a-ea5a581d.png Fig. 4. Effect of Forskolin on BMP2-induced MKP-1 and a schematic drawing of the proposed signaling cascade. (A) C2C12 Cells were stimulated for the indicated times with 250ng/ml BMP2 with (F+B) or without (B) 1h pretreatment with 10µM forskolin. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by Western blot for phosphoErk1/2 and MKP-1. (B) Schematic drawing of the signaling pathway. The adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin induces a rapid and very pronounced intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP in C2C12 cells. The cAMP accumulation caused by forskolin activates the PKA pathway. Modifications of some transcription factors, such as cAMP-response element-binding protein, induce the expression of MKP-1. The increase in MKP-1 protein results in dephosphorylation of its substrate, phosphorylated ERKs, and leads to a decrease in proliferation and a promotion of differentiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-camp-on-bmp-induced-osteoblast-1vwch9eg.png Fig. 1. Effects of cAMP on BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells. (A) Cells were treated with BMP2, or BMP2 after 1h pretreatment with forskolin as indicated. After 5days, the cells were used to measure ALP activities or fixed and stained for ALP as described in Experimental Procedures. (B) Cells were pretreated with BMP2 alone or pretreated with dbcAMP or IBMX before BMP2 stimulation. After 5 days, the cells were used to measure ALP activities. (C) C2C12 cells were stimulated for 6h and 48h as indicated, total RNA was extracted and expression of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR, normalized to S18 expression and presented as the level relative to unstimulated cells (-). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-forskolin-increased-bmp-2-induced-alp-by-pka-dependent-3gpbalh5.png Fig. 3. Forskolin increased BMP-2-induced ALP by PKA dependent mechanisms and blocked Erk phosphorylation and proliferation induced by BMP2. (A) Cells were incubated 1h with 10 µM of different inhibitors GFX ( GFX109203X, PKC inhibitor), SP (SP600125, JNK inhibitor). (B) PD(PD98059, MAPK inhibitor) and H89 (PKA inhibitor), (C) dose-response to H89 and then pretreated with 10µM of forskolin before 150 ng/ml of BMP2 was added. After 5 days stimulation, ALP activity was measured and presented as the fold relative to BMP2-stimulated cells. (D) Erk/MEK Inhibitors and BMP2-induced ALP activity in C2C12 cells. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was used as a marker to evaluate the effects of Erk/MEK inhibitors on BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation. Cells were pre-treated with medium containing Erk/MEK inhibitors for 60 min before treatment with BMP2. After 5 days stimulation, ALP activity was measured. (E) C2C12 cells were stimulated for 60 min with BMP2 (250ng/ml), with or without pretreatment with forskolin:F (10 µM). The experiment was performed in presence or absence of 10µM of PKA inhibitor (H89). PhosphoERK1/2 (top panel) and total-ERK (lower panel) levels were determined by Western blot analysis. (F) C2C12 cells (2 × 104) were plated in 24-well plates and grown overnight. On the second day, medium was changed and cells were incubated in serum-free medium for 24 h. Cells were then incubated for 24 h in fresh medium with forskolin 10µM (F), BMP2 250ng/ml (B) or BMP2 250ng/ml after 1h pretreatment with 10µM forskolin (F+B). Subsequently, cells were pulse labeled with 1 µCi/ml [3H]-thymidine for 6 h. Cells were then washed twice with ice-cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and fixed with trichloroacetic acid. Precipitates were then dissolved in 0.1 M NaOH and the incorporated radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-role-of-camp-in-bmp2-stimulated-expression-of-bone-2hihs4ru.png Fig. 2. Role of cAMP in BMP2-stimulated expression of bone matrix proteins and transcription factors. C2C12 cells were treated with BMP2 alone at 150 ng/ml for 3h, 24h and 48h. In parallel, cells were pretreated with forskolin (10µM) for 1 h at 37 °C before BMP2 stimulation. As controls, cells were maintained in medium only (-). Real time PCR was performed to quantify the expression of (A) osteocalcin (OC), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), (B) osterix (Osx) and Runx2 during the time course. All expression of target genes was normalized to 18S. https://scispace.com/papers/can-benford-s-law-explain-ceo-pay-in7l3z75c7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3vy8fa47.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1o19vkk0.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-264s54kn.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/can-blockchain-technology-facilitate-the-unbundling-of-41o4g03fzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-blockchain-and-unbundling-37ki5yg1.png Figure 6. Blockchain and Unbundling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-summary-of-research-results-2r4130et.png Figure 9. Summary of research results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-blockcerts-how-it-works-blockcerts-org-3iodzp8d.png Figure 4. Blockcerts How it Works (Blockcerts.org). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characteristics-of-a-non-traditional-student-39nmmz8p.png Figure 1. Characteristics of a non-traditional student (Pelletier, 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-chosen-research-methodology-1948jify.png Figure 8. Chosen Research Methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-blockchain-adoption-barriers-in-higher-education-2av00mzg.png Figure 11. Blockchain Adoption Barriers in Higher Education. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-a-traditional-and-p2p-network-2m2078sa.png Figure 3. Comparison between a traditional and P2P network model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-consensus-protocols-adapted-from-mattila-1ctwj45r.png Table 1. Examples of Consensus Protocols (Adapted from Mattila, 2015). https://scispace.com/papers/can-genetically-engineered-crops-become-weeds-3ku6aefbth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weedy-characteristics-of-worlds-worst-weeds-2d6h1q2w.png TABLE 1. WEEDY CHARACTERISTICS OF WORLD’S WORST WEEDS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-twenty-crop-plants-2ogv3ayb.png TABLE 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF TWENTY CROP PLANTS https://scispace.com/papers/can-experimentally-induced-positive-affect-attenuate-2wh3lfb33x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multilevel-regression-predicting-pain-us-e-transfer-157rkgey.png Table 1. Multilevel Regression Predicting Pain-US E Transfer-of-Acquisition Phase for CS1 Versus CS–M Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-planned-contrasts-for-multilevel-regressions-940mzsgy.png Table 5. Planned Contrasts for Multilevel Regressions Predicting Pain-US Expectancy and Fear of Movement-Related Pain Ratings During the Generalization Phase for Varying Levels of Increased PA After Either PA Induction or the Control Exercise (ie, Across Groups) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multilevel-regression-predicting-fear-of-movement-3hsmrhc4.png Table 2. Multilevel Regression Predicting Fear of Movement-Related Pain Ratings During the Acquisition and Transfer-of-Acquisition Phase for CS1 Versus CS– Movements and for PA Induction Versus Control Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multilevel-regression-predicting-pain-us-e-phase-for-7qp12mjd.png Table 3. Multilevel Regression Predicting Pain-US E Phase for Varying Levels of the Increase in PA Aft Across Groups) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-betweengss-for-individuals-with-2ih30bvq.png Figure 4. Relationship betweenGSs for individuals with varying levels of experimentally induced increase in PA onmeasures of painUS expectancy (left panel) and fear of movement-related pain (right panel). Note that this graph represents calculations based on increase in PA as a continuous variable. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multilevel-regression-predicting-fear-of-movement-29bgw8kt.png Table 4. Multilevel Regression Predicting Fear of Movement-Related Pain Ratings During the Generalization Phase for Varying Levels of the Increase in PA After Either PA Induction or Control Exercise (ie, Across Groups) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-manipulation-check-pa-and-na-before-pre-and-after-1hgvkq0t.png Figure 2. Manipulation check: PA and NA before (pre) and after (po FU approximately 20 minutes later, after the test of generalization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-design-overview-of-the-voluntary-joystick-2mvi7e4z.png Figure 1. Schematic design overview of the voluntary joystick move fer of acquisition (middle panel), and test of generalization (right pan (G1 and G5) were delineated by black borders (left panel). Participa target that was positioned at the end of the movement quadrant; th was successfully performed. During the practice phase, no pain-USs w out 2 CS movements (G1 and G5). After the ‘‘1’’, the starting signal d move freely in the direction that they chose. One of these movemen indicated by a lightning bolt, whereas the other movement (CS ,ie, tion served as the CS1 or CS was counterbalanced across participan participants could no longer choose themovement direction; the dir Finally, during the generalization phase (right panel), participants h signaling procedure; only the first CS1 movement was reinforced d https://scispace.com/papers/can-gold-be-used-as-a-hedge-against-the-risks-of-sharia-lj2b2j057z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-daily-plots-of-prices-and-returns-for-gold-sukuk-vkg76ija.png Figure 1: Daily plots of prices and returns for Gold, Sukuk and Islamic stock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-conditional-correlations-from-the-dcc-garch-dg02xtpp.png Figure 2: Dynamic conditional correlations from the DCC-GARCH model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unit-root-with-structural-break-31ylyev4.png Table 3: Unit root with structural break https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-gold-sukuk-and-islamic-ee03z73v.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of Gold, Sukuk and Islamic stock returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unconditional-correlations-of-returns-between-gold-23d8bghn.png Table 2. unconditional correlations of returns between gold, Sukuk and Islamic stock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-wavelet-coherence-for-gold-and-islamic-securities-i4h7hy4z.png Figure 5: Wavelet coherence for Gold and Islamic securities https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-coefficients-of-the-multivariate-dcc-garch-138t0731.png Table 4: Estimated coefficients of the Multivariate DCC-GARCH model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-varying-hedge-ratios-3e8cm4c8.png Fig. 3: Time-varying hedge ratios https://scispace.com/papers/can-market-frictions-really-explain-the-price-impact-2dih4qw87f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-quote-price-effects-of-block-trades-in-the-saudi-3l8gmzin.png Table 5. Quote Price Effects of Block Trades in the Saudi Stock Market. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transaction-price-effects-of-block-trades-in-the-2uopc605.png Table 3. Transaction Price Effects of Block Trades in the Saudi Stock Market. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-block-prices-relative-to-the-ask-and-bid-price-in-jyrjhegs.png Table 4. Block Prices Relative to the Ask and Bid Price in the Saudi Stock Market https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-block-purchases-and-sales-for-3czy86aq.png Table 2. Summary Statistics of Block Purchases and Sales for the Saudi Stock Market. https://scispace.com/papers/can-higher-prices-stimulate-product-use-evidence-from-a-3zicvbohx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-usage-rates-of-clorin-by-o-er-price-3lo45v6w.png Figure 3 Usage rates of Clorin by o¤er price https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evidence-on-screening-e-ects-15jz6ri0.png Table 3 Evidence on screening e¤ects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-e-ect-of-o-er-price-on-purchase-of-clorin-hqpmpdp8.png Figure 2 The e¤ect of o¤er price on purchase of Clorin https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-the-demand-for-clorin-gck4bc5a.png Table 2 Estimates of the demand for Clorin https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-o-er-and-transaction-prices-1lllks8q.png Table 1 Distribution of o¤er and transaction prices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-usage-rates-of-clorin-by-transaction-price-2dgt9lf6.png Figure 4 Usage rates of Clorin by transaction price https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-bottle-of-clorin-3t4op8og.png Figure 1 A bottle of Clorin https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evidence-on-sunk-cost-e-ects-panel-a-tests-for-sunk-13h9poi5.png Table 4 Evidence on sunk-cost e¤ects Panel A: Tests for sunk-cost e¤ect https://scispace.com/papers/can-we-conjointly-record-direct-interactions-between-neurons-104pk9xqm7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rat-hippocampal-formation-neuron-estimates-and-8qvehec9.png Table 1: Rat hippocampal formation neuron estimates and assumptions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-analyses-based-on-the-blue-brain-projects-model-of-kkj3ai66.png Figure 3: Analyses based on the Blue Brain Project’s model of mouse neocortex. (A, B) Visualising the connection matrix between brain regions in the neocortex (density of connections in 150 by 150 cubes of the full connectivity matrix is shown). The row in the matrix indicates the presynaptic site, while the column indicates the postsynaptic site. (A) Ipsilateral and local right hemisphere connections between MOp (primary motor cortex) and SSp-ll (primary somatosensory area associated with lower limbic function). (B) Ipsilateral and local right hemisphere connections between VISp (primary visual area) and VISl (lateral visual area). (C) The proportion of expected connections dependent on the number of samples recorded in each region; direct connections are close to linear, connections along at most two synapses close to exponential, and each sampled neuron in SSp-ll receives a connection from MOp along three synapses. (D) Calculating the expected proportion of direct connections for different regions with 79 recorded neurons in each region (the average of a neuropixels probe, Jun et al. 2017); A B indicates A sending to B. (AUDp, AUDpo - primary and posterior auditory areas; ILA, PL - infralimbic and prelimbic areas.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-problem-illustration-recording-connections-between-1waugsuo.png Figure 1: Problem illustration: recording connections between sampled neurons. (A) Connections between neurons in two regions, where the neurons in R1 which send direct connections to R2 are marked. (B) Randomly sampling three neurons from R1 and three neurons from R2 results in differing numbers of sampled neurons which are connected. In this case, all three of the sampled neurons in R2 receive a connection from a neuron sampled in R1, but two are indirect connections. (C) As in (B), but one of the sampled neurons receives a connection from a neuron sampled in R1. (D) Legend for panels A, B, and C. (E, F) Examples of larger-scale networks of neurons with one-thousand neurons in each region. Blue and red dots indicate representative samples of neurons in R1 and R2. (G) From the network connectivity, we derive the probability distribution of the number of sampled neurons in R2 which receive a direct connection from a neuron sampled in R1 when randomly sampling 20 neurons from R1 and R2 in (F). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modelling-the-probability-of-simultaneously-30ti520c.png Figure 2: Modelling the probability of simultaneously recording directly connected neurons in rat CA3, CA1, and the subiculum. (A) With a tetrode in both rat CA3 and CA1, there is only a 36% chance of simultaneously recording any directly connected neurons. (B) Recording directly connected neurons in rat CA3 and CA1 with 79 samples (the average of a neuropixels probe Jun et al. 2017) is more likely, with a 95% chance of between 67% and 86% of neurons recorded in CA3 receiving a direct connection from at least one neuron in recorded in CA1. (C) With 20 samples simultaneously obtained from rat proximal CA1 and distal subiculum, the connected neurons are highly dependent on the underlying connectivity. If 90% of proximal CA1 pyramidal cells project to 2% of the distal subicular pyramidal cell population, ∼6 connected neurons are expected, but if instead, 70% project to 1%, then ∼2.5 connected neurons are expected. (D) Similarly to (C), the growth rate of connections is highly dependent on the underlying connectivity between rat proximal CA1 and distal subiculum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-accuracy-of-the-statistical-estimation-a-the-16p212kv.png Figure 4: Accuracy of the statistical estimation. (A) The probability mass function is accurate, but values differ more if only using the mean to estimate (1000 simulations of 100 random graphs like the network in Figure 1, F; 20 samples in A, 25 in B). (B) As in (A), but on MOp to SSpll in mouse neocortex Reimann et al. 2017 with 79 samples (50,000 simulations). (C) The expected number of connections is accurate (10,000 simulations of 10 random graphs like the network in Figure 1, F). (D) A fixed number of samples k which send connections are taken from a network like Figure 1, F. The expected number of connected neurons in B is estimated from the distribution of P (XB = l | XA = k) (10,000 simulations each). (E) Assessing the expected number of connections from different types of connection strategy and brain regions (50,000 simulations each). https://scispace.com/papers/cancer-therapeutics-with-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-ije3vq906u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-different-biopolymeric-nanomaterials-utilized-for-22lr79ps.png Table I. Different biopolymeric nanomaterials utilized for delivery of EGCG (NPs: Nanoparticles https://scispace.com/papers/can-wearable-haptic-devices-foster-the-embodiment-of-virtual-14j3xyneda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ppd-anova-output-1lktc4qn.png TABLE 5: PPD ANOVA output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-scene-the-moving-virtual-object-a-robot-1sstdap5.png Fig. 4: Experimental scene. The moving virtual object (a robot) is entering the scene through the white door and starts to move randomly around in the virtual room. Participants are asked to place one colored cube on the robot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-flowchart-the-experiment-was-running-on-a-13cesdls.png Fig. 3: Experimental flowchart. The experiment was running on a Windows 10 PC in the Unity 3D Game Engine. The proprioceptive drift (PPD) measurement, the randomization with Latin Square, and the embodiment questionnaire by Longo [18] were implemented in the experiment. The Arduino commanded the feedback through the haptic devices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-items-from-the-embodiment-questionnaire-by-longo-in-17ezjt6h.png TABLE 1: Items from the Embodiment questionnaire by Longo in its English version (left) and its translated version (right) that is used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cubes-put-on-the-moving-target-anova-output-102d6tg0.png TABLE 6: Cubes put on the moving target - ANOVA output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-three-different-anova-output-of-location-agency-and-3mx3xubc.png TABLE 7: Three different ANOVA output of Location, Agency and Ownership. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-all-anova-p-values-1r3ohm3q.png TABLE 8: All ANOVA p-Values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-means-and-standard-deviation-of-ppd-bonferroni-2ei10xv3.png Fig. 7: Means and standard deviation of PPD. Bonferroni correction α= .05/3 = .017. These p-Values of a paired sample t-Test support the results of the ANOVA that there are no significant differences in the PPD between all three synchronous conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/candels-the-cosmic-assembly-near-infrared-deep-extragalactic-3007c5580p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-candels-wfc3-ir-sub-pixel-dither-pattern-indicated-1mir2bs1.png Figure 1. CANDELS WFC3/IR sub-pixel dither pattern, indicated by the set of four red labels H1, J2, J3, and H4, as well as the standard default dither pattern (indicated by the four black labels). The large circles represent the 2.5 pixel diameter regions that are expected to be impacted by persistence from a point source, thus their overlap ends to be minimized. The new CANDELS four-point dither pattern is chosen to be a few pixels wider, simultaneously still providing half-pixel subsampling for the WFC3/IR observations as well as introducing larger offsets to help mitigate the effects of persistence from a previous exposure, by ensuring that any persistent pixels from previously observed bright sources are moved around to different, non-repeated pixel locations and can therefore be excluded from the final image combination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-candels-wfc3-ir-sub-pixel-dither-pattern-1jqh60ol.png Table 3 CANDELS WFC3/IR Sub-pixel Dither Pattern https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-as-for-figure-8-but-this-time-showing-the-full-1fytl3o0.png Figure 16. As for Figure 8, but this time showing the full accumulated CANDELS data set on the GOODS-S field so far (including GOODS-S-Deep Epochs 1, 2, 3 as well as GOODS-S-Wide Epoch 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-images-showing-the-prime-candels-wfc3-ir-data-set-27b3dgry.png Figure 17. Images showing the prime CANDELS WFC3/IR data set for the first epoch obtained on the UKIDSS/UDS field (UDS Epoch 1). The top panel shows a color composite of the WFC3/IR F125W and F160W images after combined mosaics were created for each filter separately using MultiDrizzle, while the bottom panel shows the corresponding weight images, which are in units of inverse variance. The F125W data are shown in blue and the F160W data are shown in red. Regions containing bad pixels (such as the circular “death star” region) are set to 0 and thus have no weight in this single epoch data set, in which the dither offsets were not yet large enough to move over such features. Other masked features are largely satellite trails. The overlap between pointings was chosen to be just large enough to provide contiguous coverage while also maximizing total area covered. Occasional tiles are intentionally tilted or offset to enable appropriate guide stars to be selected. Exposures are shorter at the east end of the mosaic in order to accommodate F350LP exposures during the same orbit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-as-for-figure-8-but-for-goods-s-deep-epoch-3-a-1pnwy8ei.png Figure 12. As for Figure 8, but for GOODS-S-Deep Epoch 3. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-as-for-figure-7-but-showing-the-full-final-wgr3pxz4.png Figure 21. As for Figure 7, but showing the full, final accumulated CANDELS data set on the UDS field (including epochs 1 and 2). (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-overview-of-the-mosaicdrizzle-pipeline-used-1zblprxl.png Figure 2. General overview of the “MosaicDrizzle” pipeline used for the CANDELS data processing, showing each of the steps that are used to process each new data set as it arrives, including automated calibration and MultiDrizzle combination, as well as data quality validation, astrometric registration, and mosaic combination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-as-for-figure-18-but-for-uds-epoch-2-a-color-a7hq24cq.png Figure 20. As for Figure 18, but for UDS Epoch 2. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/papers/candidate-methylation-sites-associated-with-endocrine-4nponxnydv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-roast-test-results-for-the-single-locus-signatures-3udewbpt.png Table 2. ROAST test results for the single-locus signatures. Direction indicates the direction of change. Methylation loci were weighted by their direction of change in the survival signature. ‘Up’ therefore corresponds to changes in the same direction in the survival signature and in the resistance acquisition experiment. That is, if a locus is risk in/decreasing in the survival signature than it is hyper/hypomethylated in the cell line signature for the indicated time point as compared to WT baseline. ‘Down’ corresponds to changes in the opposite direction. Prop., proportion of loci in the signature contributing to the estimated pvalue and direction. Significant p-values (<0.05) are indicated in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-roast-test-results-for-the-multi-locus-signatures-ys5rsycf.png Table 3. ROAST test results for the multi-locus signatures. Direction indicates the direction of change. Methylation loci were weighted by their direction of change in the survival signature. ‘Up’ therefore corresponds to changes in the same direction in the survival signature and in the resistance acquisition experiment. That is, if a locus is risk in/decreasing in the survival signature than it is hyper/hypomethylated in the cell line signature for the indicated time point as compared to WT baseline. ‘Down’ corresponds to changes in the opposite direction. Prop., proportion of loci in the signature contributing to the estimated p-value and direction. Significant p-values (<0.05) are indicated in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2ysupbde.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-multivariable-cox-proportional-hazards-model-for-p83o8riq.png Table 1B. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for clinical variables (ER+/HER2cohort). HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; AI: aromatase inhibitor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-univariable-cox-proportional-hazards-model-for-bw80rgdq.png Table 1B. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for clinical variables (ER+/HER2cohort). HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; AI: aromatase inhibitor. https://scispace.com/papers/canonical-and-noncanonical-equilibrium-distribution-fpovr01pvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-a-levy-distribution-solid-line-with-3inucpmq.png FIG. 1. Comparison of a Le´vy distribution~solid line! with distributions obtained by maximizing Tsallis entropy~dashed lines!. The Lévy curve is obtained by the inverse Fourier transform Le´vy characteristic function witha51.5, b54.43104. The asymptote is proportional to 1/x2.5. The long-dashed line comes from Eq.~6! https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-trajectory-for-the-diffusion-process-with-fee-3dpgfex9.png FIG. 2. Sample trajectory for the diffusion process with fee back defined in Eq.~28!. The solid and dashed lines denote th statesW1 andW2 , respectively. See Eq.~35! for the definition of these two states. The two horizontal lines defining the central st correspond to the levelsW/g and 2W/g. The parameters used have the valuesg5531023, W51, b50.5, T̄550. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-equilibrium-distribution-in-the-gaussian-basin-1u8e9nql.png FIG. 4. The equilibrium distribution in the Gaussian basin attraction. The full line histograms refer to the numerical simulat with b53, g51024, W51, T̄550. We set the bin size equal t 120. The dashed line histograms refer to the numerical solutio the Gaussian counterpart of Eq.~52!. The heavily dashed line is the theoretical prediction of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process withs2 57.53105 calculated from Eq.~62!. To make the figure less heav we plot only the left portion of this theoretical prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tsallis-and-ws-statistics-versus-the-numerical-resu-2ya9pcka.png FIG. 5. Tsallis and WS statistics versus the numerical resu The WS equilibrium is denoted by the heavily dashed line and, a Fig. 3, only the left part of it is illustrated. It corresponds to th inverse Fourier transform of the distribution of Eq.~60! with bg 5417 771,a51.5, andg51025. The parameterbg was found as in Fig. 3. The Tsallis equilibrium, corresponding to the proposal Eq. ~7!, is illustrated by the dotted line. The dotted line is plotted as to coincide with the heavily dashed line in the region of lar distances (b̃5631028, q51.8). The inset shows, for clarity, the enlarged portion of the figure corresponding to thex-axis interval @220 000,20 000#. The enlargement of the ordinates is done af conversion to a linear scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-equilibrium-distribution-in-the-levys-basin-of-1811eptc.png FIG. 3. The equilibrium distribution in the Le´vy’s basin of attraction. The full line histograms refer to the numerical simulati with b50.5, g51025, W51, T̄550. We set the bin size equal t 2000. The dashed line histograms illustrate the result of the num cal simulation of the dissipative Le´vy walk of Eq.~52!. The prediction of the stochastic approximation, or equivalently of the W statistics, is denoted by means of the heavily dashed line. To m the figure less heavy we plot only the left part of the distributi predicted by the WS statistics. The WS equilibrium is obtained evaluating the inverse Fourier transform of Eq.~60! with bg 5417 771,a51.5, andg51025. This is the value ofbg that according to the theoretical prediction of Eq.~61! corresponds to the parameters of the dynamical treatment. The inset shows, for cla the enlarged portion of the figure corresponding to thex-axis interval @220 000,20 000#. The enlargement of the ordinates is don after conversion to a linear scale. https://scispace.com/papers/canonical-horn-representations-and-query-learning-15ksq39cv9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-afp-learning-algorithm-for-general-horn-cnf-3883me4l.png Fig. 3. The AFP learning algorithm for general Horn CNF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-constructing-the-gd-basis-for-definite-horn-cnf-38o7cmq1.png Fig. 1. Constructing the GD basis for definite Horn CNF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-afp-learning-algorithm-for-definite-horn-cnf-1a73seez.png Fig. 2. The AFP learning algorithm for definite Horn CNF https://scispace.com/papers/capacity-constrained-assignment-in-spatial-databases-4sk7rlg033 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-customer-partitioning-j8xavdej.png Figure 7: Customer partitioning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-performance-vs-k-q-1k-p-100k-3ltro9at.png Figure 15: Performance vs. k, |Q| = 1K, |P | = 100K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-performance-vs-p-k-80-q-1k-30fbmsh4.png Figure 11: Performance vs. |P |, k = 80, |Q| = 1K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-perf-for-mixed-k-q-1k-p-100k-3pt4ps6k.png Figure 12: Perf. for mixed k, |Q| = 1K, |P | = 100K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-performance-vs-q-k-80-p-100k-29k2gee8.png Figure 10: Performance vs. |Q|, k = 80, |P | = 100K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-different-distributions-default-k-q-p-2p4mpf8f.png Figure 13: Different distributions (default k, |Q|, |P |) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-10o093ha.png Table 1: Notation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cca-reduction-to-the-mcf-problem-3aeu1vo9.png Figure 2: CCA reduction to the MCF problem https://scispace.com/papers/capillary-electrophoresis-immunoassay-using-magnetic-beads-3i4g0mc4l8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-plot-of-peak-height-of-antibody-versus-injection-1hne5a1r.png Figure 4. (a) Plot of peak height of antibody versus injection time. Anti-b-LG antibody, 100 mg/mL. (b) Plot of peak height of b-LG versus injection time. b-LG, 1 mg/mL; antibody injection for 10 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-calibration-curve-for-b-lg-quantification-1kmfv8fj.png Figure 8. Calibration curve for b-LG quantification. Conditions: except the b-LG concentration, conditions are the same as in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-nonspecific-adsorption-assessment-conditions-a-blg-2jhyi7ma.png Figure 7. Nonspecific adsorption assessment. Conditions: (A) bLG solution (2.5 mg/mL in sample buffer) injection: 34.5 mbar for 2 min. (B) Control sample (BSA 0.5 mg/mL in sample buffer) injection: 34.5 mbar 2 min; reverse rinsing of separation buffer: 34.5 mbar for 2 min; other conditions are the same as in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-electropherograms-demonstrating-the-detection-of-386hyoa8.png Figure 9. Electropherograms demonstrating the detection of bLG from milk samples after online immunocapture. Conditions: (A) pasteurized skimmedmilk sample (5 mg/mL, 1/10 diluted); (B) UHT milk sample (1/200 diluted); (C) soy milk (1/10 diluted, control). Reverse rinsing time, 2 min; other conditions are the same as in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-presentation-of-the-procedure-for-online-23jvt6dj.png Figure 1. Schematic presentation of the procedure for online immunocapture and separation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uv-response-corresponding-to-the-high-pressure-1jolzrzo.png Figure 2. UV response corresponding to the high-pressure removal of the magnetically trapped MBs. Conditions: HPCcoated capillary, total/effective length 40/30 cm650 mm id, UV absorbance at 200 nm. Injection sequence: protein A-coated MBs (0.3 mm) injection: 34.5 mbar for (A) 1 min, (B) 3 min, (C) 5 min; washing with water: 34.5 mbar for (A) 22 min, (B) 22 min, (C) 26 min; MB removal step with water: 1379 mbar for 2 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stability-of-trapped-mbs-under-applied-pressure-a-l2mmbsxa.png Figure 3. Stability of trapped MBs under applied pressure (a) and voltage (b). Conditions: HPC-coated capillary, total/effective length 40/ 30 cm650 mm id, UVabsorbance at 200 nm. Injection sequence: protein A-coatedMBs (0.3 mm) injection: 34.5 mbar for 3 min; (a) washingwith bindingbuffer: 34.5 mbarfor10 min,50 mbarfor5 min,69 mbarfor3 minand1379 mbarfor2 min; (b) removalof trappedMBsbyhigh-pressure (1379 mbar) application after applying different voltages (10, 15, 20, 25 kV) for 20 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-preconcentration-by-increasing-the-1ptnu1d2.png Figure 5. Sample preconcentration by increasing the percolating time of the sample. Peak 1, b-LG; Peak 2, anti-b-LG antibody. Conditions: HPC-coated capillary, total/effective length 40/ 30 cm650 mm id, UV absorbance at 200 nm. Injection sequence: protein A-coated MBs (0.3 mm) injection: 34.5 mbar for 3 min; anti-b-LG antibody (100 mg/mL in binding buffer) injection: 34.5 mbar for 10 min; b-LG solution (1 mg/mL in sample buffer) injection: 34.5 mbar for (A) 1 min, (B) 5 min, (C) 10 min, (D) 20 min, (E) 30 min; washing with binding buffer: 34.5 mbar for 10 min; reverse injection of separation buffer: 34.5 mbar for 5.5 min; elution and separation: applied voltage, 15 kV; MB removal step with separation buffer: 1379 mbar for 2 min. https://scispace.com/papers/capital-and-earnings-management-evidence-from-alternative-3dnh0i5por 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-analysis-of-capital-and-earnings-1iagfluc.png Table 6 - Regression Analysis of Capital and Earnings Management Identifying the Effects for Loss-Generating Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-distributions-by-country-and-bank-type-33d65kuh.png Table 1- Sample Distributions by Country and Bank Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-analysis-of-capital-and-earnings-3462zpj7.png Table 5 - Regression Analysis of Capital and Earnings Management with Conditional Interactions: Full Sample and when Excluding Large Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-pair-wise-correlation-matrix-for-the-years-3pnjkd8n.png Table 3 - Pearson Pair-Wise Correlation Matrix for the Years 2007-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-analysis-of-capital-and-earnings-26v2g0lf.png Table 4 - Regression Analysis of Capital and Earnings Management: Full sample and Bank Types Subsamples https://scispace.com/papers/capital-accumulation-in-less-developed-countries-does-stock-1bs4ocbruz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shareholder-protection-index-1995-2005-selected-2jizswbe.png Table 3: Shareholder Protection index, 1995-2005: Selected Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stock-market-development-and-capital-accumulation-in-1qfawdhz.png Table 1: Stock Market Development and Capital Accumulation in the Less Developed Countries, 1988-2002 1,2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-capital-accumulation-and-stock-market-development-15ac2p2e.png Table 2: Capital Accumulation and Stock Market Development: Estimates of Long-term Relationships through ARDL Method 1 , 1976-2002 https://scispace.com/papers/capsular-polysaccharides-of-cultured-phototrophic-biofilms-48xqa83tvr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-capsular-exopolysaccharides-cps-total-krpfqgk9.png Table 2. Differences in capsular exopolysaccharides (CPS), total uronic acids (TUrAc) and total phototrophic biovolume (VTotal) between experiments featuring common changes in environmental factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-monosaccharide-composition-of-cps-fractions-31p07hix.png Table 3. Monosaccharide composition of CPS fractions extracted from mature biofilms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heatmap-of-the-proportions-of-monosaccharides-and-3dtixae1.png Figure 2. Heatmap of the proportions of monosaccharides and dendrogram of the monosaccharide composition. Monosaccharides are ordered by their median values (Supplementary Table 2), while Runs are ordered according to the cluster tree. Cutting the dendrogram at a euclidean distance of 1.5 (grey bar, right panel), three clusters are obtained which are marked by the rectangles around the run labels (left panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quantitative-observations-for-all-analysed-samples-jyh6ro1a.png Figure 3. Quantitative observations for all analysed samples. A: Total proportion of uronic acids (mol %). B: Total phototrophic biovolumes (106 mm3 cm72) of mature biofilms and proportions of the major taxonomic groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inoculum-sampling-period-experimental-conditions-and-2zo30b88.png Table 1. Inoculum sampling period, experimental conditions and labels used in the text of the performed incubator runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relations-of-capsular-polysaccharide-properties-3nf6tmxj.png Figure 4. Relations of capsular polysaccharide properties with phototrophic biovolumes. Top row A–D: Log–log scatterplots of CPS and total phototrophic biovolume (VTotal), and biovolumes of cyanobacteria (VCyano), diatoms (VDiat) and green algae (VGreen). ¤ ¼ the influential sample R30.25LC120; ¼ the R30.100LC120 sample. Bottom row, E–H: CLR-Log/CLR scatterplots of total uronic acids (TUrAc), vs total phototrophic biovolume (VTotal) and the CLR of the proportions (Prop) of VCyano, VDiat, and VGreen. ¼ the R20.100LC60 sample (see text for further explanations). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concentration-of-the-cps-1074-mg-cm72-for-all-j1wc654o.png Figure 1. Concentration of the CPS (1074 mg cm72) for all analysed samples. https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-and-nitrogen-abundances-in-stars-at-the-base-of-the-2thh2on4ff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indices-model-parameters-and-resulting-abundances-1dtjc0uf.png TABLE 3 Indices, Model Parameters, and Resulting Abundances https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-resulting-c-fe-and-n-fe-abundances-for-the-m5-sgb-u43qzftx.png Fig. 10.—Resulting [C/Fe] and [N/Fe] abundances for the M5 SGB stars in Table 3 are plotted. A strong C vs. N anticorrelation is evident, which also compares well with the relation from Briley et al. (1992) among a sample of more luminous cluster members ( filled squares). The presence of such an anticorrelation, although suggestive of the presence of atmospheric material exposed to the CN cycle, is difficult to explain via internal processes given the evolutionary state of the present sample of stars. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-changes-in-derived-c-and-n-abundances-for-different-32wzqgh7.png TABLE 5 Changes in Derived C and N Abundances for Different Model Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-i-ch-and-s-3839-indices-are-plotted-for-the-3s6dhh3h.png Fig. 4.—Measured I(CH) and S(3839) indices are plotted for the program stars as a function ofV. The sample has been arbitrarily divided into two groups: CH-strong ( filled symbols) and CH-weak (open symbols). Large and significant star-to-star differences exist in both CH and CN band strengths among the SGB stars. Decreasing spread in indices with luminosity is the result of increasing temperatures near theMSTO. Error bar shown in the upper right box represents the uncertainty in determining the slope of the UV continuum as described in x 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-observed-i-ch-indices-are-plotted-with-calculated-band-kb0xq9e9.png Fig. 8.—Observed I(CH) indices are plotted with calculated band strengths for several differing C (and N) abundances as listed in Table 4 as a function ofV magnitude. As in Fig. 4, the stars have been divided into two groups based on CH band strength. Note that the range of CN band strengths observed requires nearly a 0.75 dex star-to-star variation in [C/Fe] among the SGB stars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-observed-s-3839-indices-are-plotted-with-the-model-1fw215wh.png Fig. 9.—Observed S(3839) indices are plotted with the model indices from Table 4 against Vmagnitude. As in Fig. 8, a significant spread in abundances is present to within 0.5 mag of theMSTO. Among theMSTO stars themselves, the higher temperatures have resulted in CN band strengths too weak to measure accurately in the present spectra. Error bar shown in the boxes indicates the uncertainty in the S(3839) offset due to the slope of the UV continuum (see x 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-sum-of-the-derived-c-and-n-abundances-is-plotted-as-a-3oh8szqv.png Fig. 12.—Sum of the derived C and N abundances is plotted as a function of the C abundance. Large filled circle marks the location for both C and N depleted by a factor of 16, adopting the abundance of M5 of [Fe/ H ¼ 1:2 dex, with C/N at the solar ratio. Horizontal line extending to the left of that represents the locus of points for C gradually being converted intoN, with the left end of the line having C/C0 ¼ 0:1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ch-and-uv-cn-band-indices-are-plotted-against-each-a1q762x2.png Fig. 5.—CH and UV CN band indices are plotted against each other for the 43 stars with 16:5 < V < 17:5 at the base of the RGB in M5. The two stars with the strongest CH indices were classified as anomalous. https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-abatement-costs-why-the-wide-range-of-estimates-4fejfnxfqe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-models-toman-and-ghersi-1999-1d89xvki.png Table 7: Summary of Models (Toman and Ghersi, 1999) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-baselines-and-structural-characteristics-of-various-1d1swdng.png Table 5: Baselines and Structural Characteristics of Various Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-meta-analysis-1dqzdtpp.png Table 4: Results of Meta Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-repetto-and-austin-regression-results-1kf4z8ru.png Table 1: Repetto and Austin Regression Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-baseline-differences-on-marginal-36u4c6xr.png Table 3: Effects of Baseline Differences on Marginal Abatement Costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-marginal-abatement-cost-estimates-of-different-2714kzmu.png Table 6: Marginal Abatement Cost Estimates of Different Models https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-dioxide-reduction-on-gadolinia-doped-ceria-cathodes-jy1priir8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-schematic-diagram-of-co-co2-gas-flow-system-1si2318e.png Figure 3-7. Schematic diagram of CO/CO2 gas flow system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-diagram-of-the-riso-pellet-cell-from-reference-1-3lq8b0vi.png Figure 2-2. Diagram of the “Risø pellet” cell. From reference [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-arrhenius-plot-of-area-specific-resistance-asr-rq8jazeb.png Figure 5-3. Arrhenius plot of area specific resistance (ASR) over the range of temperature and CO/CO2 gas mixture ratios tested. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-13-nyquist-plot-of-the-case-1-cell-geometry-with-1qm6g56g.png Figure 2-13. Nyquist plot of the Case 1 cell geometry with non-symmetric electrodes. WE and CE parameters have the same values as the case in Figure 2-10 (d) for direct comparison, i.e. RWE = 0.1, RCE = 0.01, CWE = 1.0, CCE = 0.5, 1.0WEα = , 0.50CEα = . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-dv-data-as-a-function-of-reciprocal-temperature-2q7qy3p0.png Figure 5-7. Dv data as a function of reciprocal temperature, extracted from measured impedance data on a 40 mol% GDC electrode. The activation energy is ~115 kJ/mol. Literature data are from IEDP-SIMS measurements on 10 mol% GDC in ref. [28] and conductivity measurements on 40 mol% GDC in air in ref. [29]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-maximum-error-in-z-due-to-misaligned-electrodes-iaphogxe.png Table 2-2. Maximum error in |Z| due to misaligned electrodes. The error stated is in addition to the error in the baseline cell geometry with perfectly aligned electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-16-variation-in-the-edge-reference-electrode-re2-29qlbc6r.png Figure 2-16. Variation in the edge reference electrode (RE2) potential over the circumference of the ½ pellet 3D geometry. WE offset is 0.17 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-8-a-surface-plot-of-a-typical-finite-element-3q7rta0w.png Figure 2-8. A surface plot of a typical finite element analysis (FEA) solution for the pellet geometry. Constant potential streamlines are superimposed on the plot for further definition of the potential profile. Values of key parameters are: angular frequency ω = 0.1 s-1; both working and counter electrodes have the same response, i.e. RWE = RCE = 0.1 Ω-cm2 and CWE = CCE = 1.0 F/cm2; the electrolyte conductivity, κ = 0.065 Ω-1-cm-1. https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-materials-with-tailored-porosity-by-self-assembly-3wk0q4h1zo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-1-scheme-of-the-apparatus-employed-to-measure-185cgbal.png Figure 2.10.1. Scheme of the apparatus employed to measure the sound absorption coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-2-sound-absorption-coefficient-of-a-composite-3la53uyu.png Figure 2.10.1. Scheme of the apparatus employed to measure the sound absorption coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-3-sound-absorption-coefficient-of-a-composite-2mxxmzoo.png Figure 2.10.1. Scheme of the apparatus employed to measure the sound absorption coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-1-frequency-of-maximum-absorption-in-combinations-27t1t2s8.png Table 2.4.1. Frequency of maximum absorption in combinations a, b and c, using twill and terry towel fabrics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-esquema-del-tubo-de-impedancia-empleado-para-la-1ll3xmpt.png Fig. 3. Esquema del tubo de impedancia empleado para la medición del coeficiente de absorción acústica, donde: 1a) situación de la cara de tejido en la muestra; 1b) https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-storage-and-soil-organic-matter-stabilisation-in-near-5906pfb8r7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-carbon-storage-and-som-stabilisation-parameters-1y9qad4s.png Table 2 Carbon storage and SOM stabilisation parameters according to floodplains (Rhine floodplain: GR, Emme floodplain: BE and Thur floodplain: TG) and the level of human disturbance (restored and embanked sections) for the Emme and Thur floodplains. Mean values (± standard error) are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-the-two-level-nested-anova-s-testing-the-3mh8bm68.png Fig. 5. Results of the two-level nested ANOVA's testing the “level of human disturbance” (restored and embanked sections) on the TOC stock (t ha-1) parameter. The first level corresponds to two floodplains (BE-Emme floodplain/TG-Thur floodplain, and the second level to the state of the floodplain embanked (dash line)/restored (solid line) sections within each floodplain). Significance of the model P = 0.005**. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-soil-properties-according-to-floodplains-2n32t8wr.png Table 3 Soil properties according to floodplains (Rhinefloodplain: GR, Emmefloodplain: BE and Thurfloodplain: TG) and the level of human disturbance (restored and embanked sections) for the Emme and Thur floodplains. Mean values (± standard error) are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-the-three-studied-j96msbc4.png Table 1 Main characteristics of the three studied floodplains. Source for meteorological data: Meteosuisse database; for hydrological data, the following individual stations of the Federal Office for the Environment FOENwere considered for indices on water discharges: Hinterrhein Fürstenau station (2387) for the Rhine floodplain, Emme Emmenmatt station (2070) for the Emme floodplain, and Thur Andelfingen station (2044) for the Thurfloodplain. The number and the names of soilmorphological groups for eachfloodplainwere the results of clustering analyses (byWard's method) performed on morphological descriptors following a preliminary survey (not shown; Bullinger-Weber et al., unpublished results); details of morphological descriptions of soil groups in Appendix A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-toc-stock-t-ha-1-with-log-transformation-for-soil-1tu2y1oo.png Fig. 1. TOC stock (t ha−1) with log transformation, for soil profile groups within each floodplain: for Rhine near-natural floodplain: GR 1 to GR 6; restored Emme floodplain BE 1 to BE 7, embanked Emme floodplain: BE 8 (in grey); restored Thur floodplain: TG 1 to TG 5, embanked Thur floodplain: TG 6 (in grey). Standard deviations are shown and letters above bars represent results from analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA calculated within each floodplain separately followed by Tukey Post-hoc tests). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-toc-content-in-the-1-2-mmgranulometric-fraction-3gbj2ek1.png Fig. 2. TOC content in the 1–2 mmgranulometric fraction TOC1000 (g/100 g)with log transform 1 to GR 6; restored Emme floodplain: BE 1 to BE 7, embanked Emme floodplain: BE 8 (in grey); r deviations are shown and letters above bars represent results from analysis of variance (one-w https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-meanweight-diametermwd-mm-for-soil-profile-82yjcapu.png Fig. 4.Meanweight diameterMWD(mm) for soil profile groupswithin eachfloodplain: for Rhin Emme floodplain: BE 8 (in grey); restored Thurfloodplain: TG 1 to TG 5, embanked Thurfloodp from analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA calculated within each floodplain separately follow https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-abundance-ofwater-stable-aggregateswsa-for-soil-3n1uflx7.png Fig. 3.Abundance ofwater stable aggregatesWSA (%) for soil profile groupswithin eachfloodplain: for Rhine near-naturalfloodplain: GR1 toGR6; restored Emmefloodplain: BE1 to BE 7, embanked Emme floodplain: BE 8 (in grey); restored Thur floodplain: TG 1 to TG 5, embanked Thur floodplain: TG 6 (in grey). Standard deviations are shown and letters above bars represent results from analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA calculated within each floodplain separately followed by Tukey Post-hoc tests). https://scispace.com/papers/carbonate-dual-phase-improves-the-ionic-conductivity-and-1m8k68ev52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xrd-spectra-of-lnz-gdc-nlkc-powder-fresh-pellet-and-pn3fxrbu.png Fig. 4 XRD-spectra of LNZ-GDC-NLKC powder, fresh pellet, and aged pellet. Spectra intensities are normalized to the GDC (111) peak. Characteristic peaks of LNZ and GDC are clearly visible https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-xrd-spectra-of-lnz-gdc-lnz-gdc-nlc-and-lnz-gdc-nlkc-bn9cfljk.png Fig. 5 XRD-spectra of LNZ-GDC, LNZ-GDC-NLC and LNZ-GDC-NLKC samples at room temperature, slightly below the melting temperatures of the binary and ternary eutectic mixtures of carbonates (350 °C for NLKC and 450 °C for NLC) and at 550 °C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-and-working-principle-of-a-traditional-three-1grewb3d.png Fig. 1 Structure and working principle of a traditional three-layer solid oxide fuel cell (a). Working principle of a SLFC (b). Electrode reactions are also shown. Gas and particle flow directions are marked with arrows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-i-v-and-i-p-curves-a-eis-spectra-b-and-ionic-and-2lxkcvub.png Fig. 6 I-V and I-P curves (a), EIS spectra (b) and ionic and electronic conductivity (c) of LNZ-GDC-NLKC SLFC at different temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-flowchart-presenting-the-manufacturing-procedure-of-hmrptiwp.png Fig. 2 A flowchart presenting the manufacturing procedure of the LNZ-GDC-NLKC material (a). Experimental setup used for electrochemical characterization (b). A zoom-in (c) of the area marked with a red rectangle in (b). The area inside the red ellipse (c) was covered by a hightemperature sealant flex https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-section-of-the-lnz-gdc-nlkc-pellet-after-the-1toqb8rx.png Fig. 3 Cross-section of the LNZ-GDC-NLKC pellet after the electrochemical measurements (a). A surface image showing the pxide and carbonate phases in the cell (b). TEM images of the LNZ-GDC-NLKC nanopowder with two different magnifications (c, d) https://scispace.com/papers/carbon-nanotube-interconnects-process-variation-via-5e2yk23egd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-hermite-polynomials-for-the-case-of-three-random-zkdqv1jt.png TABLE II HERMITE POLYNOMIALS FOR THE CASE OF THREE RANDOM VARIABLES (n = 3, ξ = [ξ1, ξ2, ξ3]T ) AND A SECOND ORDER EXPANSION (p = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-hermite-polynomial-chaos-definitions-and-van75wlt.png TABLE III HERMITE POLYNOMIAL CHAOS DEFINITIONS AND PROPERTIES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-sources-of-variation-for-the-example-bundle-of-fig-5wt6esg1.png TABLE IV SOURCES OF VARIATION FOR THE EXAMPLE BUNDLE OF FIG. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-of-a-typical-nanointerconnect-composed-nymgtgsn.png Fig. 1. Cross-section of a typical nanointerconnect composed of a bundle of SWCNTs in horizontal configuration, above the ground plane. The gray circles correspond to the conducting nanotubes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-typical-values-and-ranges-of-variations-for-1vxn6wpm.png TABLE I TYPICAL VALUES AND RANGES OF VARIATIONS FOR PARAMETERS IN FIG. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-multiconductor-model-of-the-swcnt-bundle-of-fig-1-this-21cyysez.png Fig. 3. Multiconductor model of the SWCNT bundle of Fig. 1. This scheme represents the typical configuration of a nanointerconnect used as an highspeed link between a driver and a receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-of-a-mwcnt-interconnect-above-the-ground-kcjsezfk.png Fig. 2. Cross-section of a MWCNT interconnect above the ground plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-plot-of-h-jo-at-f-100ghz-as-a-function-of-the-random-embkggq7.png Fig. 8. Plot of |H(jω)| at f=100GHz as a function of the random parameters ξ1 and ξ2 (see eq. (9)) and two different orders of the PC expansion (see text for details). The surfaces are obtained by setting ξ3=0, that corresponds to the nominal value of the nanotube diameter d. Light gray: reference; dark gray: PC approximations. https://scispace.com/papers/career-anchors-of-social-enterprise-managers-in-the-uk-an-32ugaxa08x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-scheins-1978-1990-eight-career-anchors-297ekeqk.png Table 1: A summary of Schein’s (1978, 1990) eight career anchors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operational-managers-career-anchors-mean-scores-n-40-3o8mtzgp.png Table 2: Operational manager’s career anchors mean scores (N=40) https://scispace.com/papers/cards-a-mixed-reality-system-for-collaborative-learning-at-41c76sm5hd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-a-physical-pointer-is-used-to-expand-a-media-b-intuc6sp.png Figure 4. a) A physical pointer is used to expand a media. b) Another one is dedicated to the naming of the items. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-the-iterative-design-process-2rlchnwu.png Figure 3. Overview of the iterative design process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-tangible-objects-available-in-the-latest-gxub1jy6.png Figure 5. The tangible objects available in the latest version of the device. At the top left, the inspector with a map selected using a magnifying glass physical pointer, whose magnifying glass is positioned on the map. Folders are filled with maps and display previews of their contents. The links between the objects are named. Finally, the interactive pen is on the right side of the image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-the-attrakdiff-questionnaire-the-average-hm9yx18x.png Figure 6. Results of the Attrakdiff questionnaire. The average value obtained at the hedonic scales are represented on the vertical axis and the average value at the pragmatic scale is represented on the horizontal axis. According to the scores obtained in both dimensions, the system was rated as desirable by all the groups interviewed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-of-the-simplified-attrakdiff-questionnaire-oca5bsdc.png Figure 7. Results of the simplified Attrakdiff questionnaire after using the interface to perform an activity. "In general, I found the system.” The evaluation is carried out according to a 7-point Likert discrimination scale (e.g. (-3) Complicated/Simple (+3)); respectively coded from -3 to 3 or reversely. The attributes of Q1 to 4 =Pragmatic Qualities, Q5 to 8 =Hedonist Qualities; Q9 and 10 = Overall Attractiveness of the system [19]. The last Item corresponds to the motivation and is not part of the simplified Attrakdiff. The arrow shows that children find the system more desirable through sessions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-aluminum-and-wooden-profile-structure-9pfsz6b4.png Figure 8. The aluminum and wooden profile structure supporting the projector and camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-activities-recorded-during-passive-1atxzg1q.png Figure 2. Examples of activities recorded during passive observations in class. Students work in groups on several tasks involving the use of different mediums (computer or tablet, paper/pencil). https://scispace.com/papers/case-studies-in-nanocluster-synthesis-and-characterization-4721o4m5l7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ball-and-stick-diagram-showing-the-solid-state-15n3mpza.png Figure 4. Ball-and-stick diagram showing the solid-state structure of [Co10(SCH2CH2Ph)16Cl4]. Color legend: cobalt, blue; sulfur, yellow; carbon, grey; chlorine, green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rp-hplc-trace-of-a-his-stabilized-au-nanocluster-2fbxpmal.png Figure 3. RP-HPLC trace of a His-stabilized Au nanocluster sample under gradient elution (blue trace). Curves a (black trace) and b (red trace) are the solvent and histidine controls, respectively. Reproduced with permission from ref. 20. © 2013 American Chemical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ball-and-stick-diagram-showing-the-solid-state-3ex99u0j.png Figure 2. Ball-and-stick diagram showing the solid-state structure of [Ni(SCH2CH2Ph)2]6. Color legend: nickel, green; sulfur, yellow; carbon, grey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pt-l3-edge-exafs-spectra-of-dmf-stabilized-pt-1moudlb6.png Figure 5. Pt L3-edge EXAFS spectra of DMF-stabilized Pt nanoclusters as a function of time. Reproduced with permission from ref. 57. © 2012 Royal Society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ball-and-stick-diagram-showing-the-solid-state-rl3qykcj.png Figure 6. Ball-and-stick diagram showing the solid-state structure of [Cu14H12(phen)6(PPh3)4][Cl]2. Color legend: copper, green; phosphorus, purple; nitrogen, blue; carbon, grey. The two Clcounterions were removed for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/cascade-production-in-the-reactions-gp-k-k-x-and-gp-k-k-p-x-18ty3271go 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-differential-cross-section-ds-dm-k-k-2a1fl6kh.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Differential cross section [dσ/dM(K+K+)] results (including both statistical and systematic uncertainties) from the current work compared with model predictions from Ref. [14]. The solid curves correspond to the predictions with the pv-coupling choice; the dashed curves correspond to the ps-coupling choice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-differential-cross-section-ds-d-cos-th-115m7v9z.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Differential cross section (dσ/d cos θ∗ − ) results (including both statistical and systematic uncertainties) from the current work compared with model predictions from Ref. [14]. The solid curves correspond to the predictions with the pv-coupling choice; the dashed curves correspond to the ps-coupling choice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-0p-invariant-mass-spectrum-from-events-29bbir04.png FIG. 10. (Color online) ( 0π−) invariant mass spectrum from events with CL > 0.1. The dashed line is the non- 0 background obtained from events with CL < 0.1, and the dash-dotted line is the K∗0 background defined by γp → K+K∗0 0 simulation. The dotted line is the total background as the sum of these two backgrounds. The −(1530) signal is parametrized by a p-wave Breit-Wigner function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-left-k-k-p-missing-mass-spectrum-the-284s4n31.png FIG. 9. (Color online) (Left) (K+K+π−) missing mass spectrum. The dashed background shape is obtained from events with an additional π+ in the same event. (Top right) (K+K+π−) missing mass with a 3σ cut on the − region [in the (K+K+) missing mass]. (Bottom right) ( π−) invariant mass with a 3σ cut on the region [in the (K+K+π−) missing mass]. Fitting parameter notation is the same as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-differential-cross-section-ds-d-cos-th-k-1oqcpmvb.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Differential cross section (dσ/d cos θ∗ K+ ) results (including both statistical and systematic uncertainties) from the current work compared with model predictions from Ref. [14]. The solid curves correspond to the predictions with the pv-coupling choice; the dashed curves correspond to the ps-coupling choice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-possible-photoproduction-mechanisms-of-ground-states-11qcjekl.png FIG. 1. Possible photoproduction mechanisms of ground states through intermediate hyperon resonances produced in a t-channel process: (a) − production; (b) 0 production. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-mm-k-k-distribution-for-eg-2-6-gev-fitted-3dpysiym.png FIG. 2. (Color online) MM(K+K+) distribution for Eγ > 2.6 GeV fitted with two Gaussian functions and an empirical background shape with adjustable normalization (M: mean of the Gaussian peak position, σ : width of the Gaussian signal, N: number of events in the peak) (Inset) MM(K+K+) distribution enlarged for the 1.36– 1.79 GeV/c2 region, the dashed lines show the empirical background shape from K− events normalized to the region of 1.36–1.5 GeV/c2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-differential-cross-sections-for-the-1530-1jqewxhk.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Differential cross sections for the −(1530) in the photon energy range of 3.35–4.75 GeV. Both statistical and systematic uncertainties are included. https://scispace.com/papers/case-study-on-aggregate-interlock-capacity-for-the-shear-wum4pyozpf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-damage-to-southern-approach-bridge-3-fnndkuur.png Table 1. Overview of damage to southern approach bridge. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contribution-of-aggregate-interlock-as-percentage-of-3949otb7.png Table 2. Contribution of aggregate interlock as percentage of total shear carrying capacity at 6 failure. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-to-axial-force-based-on-percentage-of-2i5xagbg.png Table 3. Sensitivity to axial force based on percentage of restrained deformation 10 https://scispace.com/papers/catalytic-hydrothermal-gasification-of-lignin-rich-27or7ckh3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-flow-schematic-of-the-bench-scale-zzsqv2hd.png Figure 1. Process Flow Schematic of the Bench-Scale Continuous-Flow Reactor System (CRS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-operating-cost-assumptions-1m67htx1.png Table 10. Operating Cost Assumptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-economic-parameters-1obnuffc.png Table 11. Economic Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-process-results-with-kl-energy-feedstock-k9874ol9.png Table 3. Process Results with KL Energy Feedstock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mfsp-comparisons-for-wet-gasification-cases-and-3mem22y6.png Figure 4. MFSP comparisons for wet gasification cases and potential sensitivities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-diagram-of-wet-gasification-of-ftaacor1.png Figure 2. Block Diagram of Wet Gasification of Lignocellulosic Ethanol Residue https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-process-results-with-nrel-feedstock-3wm3yvz3.png Table 2. Process Results with NREL Feedstock https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-trace-elements-of-algae-feedstock-and-separated-12o6ljmx.png Table 6. Trace Elements of Algae Feedstock and Separated Mineral Byproducts from Test 2 https://scispace.com/papers/catt-a-new-and-non-chemical-pest-and-nematode-control-method-4yoiywgt8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-lay-out-trial-dispersion-xanthomonas-z4zybcpk.png Fig. 3. Experimental lay-out trial dispersion Xanthomonas fragariae during CATT. Wageningen NL, October 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-catt-system-used-for-eliminating-pz9u6454.png Fig. 1. Experimental CATT system used for eliminating tarsonemids (Phytonemus pallidus) or the plant parasitic nematodes P. penetrans and M. hapla in strawberry runners. Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen UR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-commercial-catt-of-strawberry-mother-planting-stock-in-1g4mo3ud.png Fig. 2. Commercial CATT of strawberry mother planting stock in equipped rooms. December 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-survival-and-spread-of-xanthomonas-fragariae-during-1f5xtgzk.png Table 4. Survival and spread of Xanthomonas fragariae during CATT. Wageningen NL, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-catt-field-trial-2012-planting-date-may-8-row-in-283bivwg.png Fig. 4. CATT field trial 2012, planting date May 8. Row in middle foreground according adapted CATT, far left untreated, 2nd row from left according standard CATT. Vredepeel NL, July 31 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mortality-of-m-hapla-and-p-penetrans-in-bare-rooted-1wffq22l.png Table 1. Mortality of M. hapla and P. penetrans in bare rooted strawberry plants after adapted CATT during 40 hours in different intervals of temperatures, starting with 35 oC (Phase 1) and finishing with 40 oC (Phase 2). Wageningen/Lelystad NL, April 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mortality-tarsonemids-after-berlese-extraction-3i6iwh0i.png Table 2. Mortality tarsonemids after Berlese extraction, directly after adapted CATT and 5 weeks after potting up infected plantmaterial in the glasshouse. Lelystad NL, AprilMay 2011. https://scispace.com/papers/catalytic-properties-of-cellulases-and-hemicellulases-21nhpqtz5n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-ethanol-on-the-activity-of-cellulases-and-2s9bkk3u.png Fig. 5. Effect of ethanol on the activity of cellulases and hemicellulases produced by the fungus L. ramosa. Error bars represent the mean standard deviation of triplicate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-glucose-concentration-on-the-activity-of-b-3gkhgxxj.png Fig. 6. Effect of glucose concentration on the activity of β-glucosidase (A). Lineweaver-Burk plotting to determine the kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) for βglucosidase (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hydrolysis-of-sugarcane-bagasse-using-enzyme-extract-xxtkavze.png Fig. 7. Hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using enzyme extract produced by L. ramosa. Glucose yields obtained after 24 h of saccharification of in natura and pretreated sugarcane bagasse (A). Glucose yield versus duration of enzymatic saccharification of pretreated sugarcane bagasse (B). Different letters indicate significant differences according to the Tukey‘s test (p < 0.01). The values (± ) represent the standard deviations of triplicate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-production-of-cellulases-and-hemicellulases-by-solid-1j5zvn0q.png Table 1 Production of cellulases and hemicellulases by solid-state fermentation by the fungus L. ramosa in several agroindustrial residues containing an initial moisture of 75%, incubated for 96 h at 28 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-production-of-cellulases-a-and-hemicellulases-b-by-3o967z9g.png Fig. 1. Production of cellulases (A) and hemicellulases (B) by solid-state fermentation by the fungus L. ramosa in wheat bran with different moisture contents, incubated for 96 h at 28 °C. Error bars represent the mean standard deviation of triplicate experiments. (○) CMCase; (●) β-glucosidase; (□) Xylanase; (■) β-xylosidase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-production-of-cellulases-a-and-hemicellulases-b-by-vjjasbis.png Fig. 2. Production of cellulases (A) and hemicellulases (B) by solid-state fermentation by the fungus L. ramosa at different temperatures, using wheat bran with 60% moisture for CMCase and 65% moisture for the remaining enzymes, incubated for 96 h. Error bars represent the mean standard deviation of triplicate experiments. (○) CMCase; (●) β-glucosidase; (□) Xylanase; (■) β-xylosidase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-ph-and-temperature-on-the-activities-of-1rxrb3of.png Table 2 Effect of pH and temperature on the activities of the cellulases and hemicellulases produced by the fungus L. ramosa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-residual-activity-of-the-cellulases-a-and-1zrlczq4.png Fig. 4. Residual activity of the cellulases (A) and hemicellulases (B) produced by the fungus L. ramosa during incubation at 60 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/cavity-master-equation-for-the-continuous-time-dynamics-of-1kcc1nshdr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maximum-mean-error-dependence-with-temperature-between-lzjj1og9.png FIG. 3. Maximum mean error dependence with temperature between MC simulations and the CME approach presented in the main text for three spin models defined on a single instance of a random graph. (a) The Ising ferromagnet (Tc ≈ 0.96). (b) The RFIM (Tc ≈ 0.78). (c) The Viana-Bray model (TSG = 0.506). Simulation details are the same as for Figs. 1 and 2. For the ferromagnet and the RFIM, error increases before and decreases after the ferromagnetic transition as the temperature changes. For the Viana-Bray spin glass, error grows monotonically lowering the temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dynamics-of-the-global-ea-parameter-for-three-spin-26y0jyo8.png FIG. 2. Dynamics of the global EA parameter for three spin models defined on a single instance of a random graph. (a) The Ising ferromagnet (Tc ≈ 0.96). (b) The RFIM (Tc ≈ 0.78). (c) The Viana-Bray model (TSG = 0.506). Dots represent kinetic MC simulations on a single instance realization of an ER graph, averaged over 105 runs starting with the same initial conditions. Solid lines represent the cavity master equation approach presented in the main text. The behavior for low temperatures in the Viana-Bray model shows that even though global magnetization is close to zero for long times [see Fig. 1(c)], spins are locally magnetized for long times, as it is expressed by the non zero value of qEA(t) for T = 0.25. The insets show the mean error of local quantities, as defined in the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolutionary-dynamics-of-the-global-magnetization-2sfkv4hc.png FIG. 1. Evolutionary dynamics of the global magnetization parameter for three spin models defined on a single instance of a random graph. (a) the Ising ferromagnet (Tc ≈ 0.96). (b) the RFIM (Tc ≈ 0.78). (c) the Viana-Bray model (TSG = 0.506). Dots represent kinetic MC simulation on a single instance realization of an ER graph, averaged over 105 runs starting with the same initial conditions. Solid lines represent the cavity master equation approach presented in the main text. The insets show the mean error in local magnetization, as defined in the main text. https://scispace.com/papers/cbmir-content-based-image-retrieval-algorithm-for-medical-19hfbnjtxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-feature-vectors-of-a-query-image-with-five-2kl24o9h.png Table 2: Feature vectors of a query image with five components https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-feature-vectors-of-the-most-similar-images-to-the-2ctarp4x.png Table 3: Feature vectors of the most similar images to the query image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-query-image-with-four-components-and-2-extracted-2out14ue.png Figure 8: (1) Query image with four components, and (2) extracted image with six components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-contour-detection-of-an-image-p1-p2-p3-and-p4-its-2f1nu6vc.png Figure 1: (A) Contour detection of an image. (P1, P2, P3, and P4) its segmented components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-four-samples-of-the-medical-images-which-are-saved-hy2e46gd.png Figure 2: Four samples of the medical images which are saved in training and test databases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-structure-of-character-string-codes-class-code-16gyqukp.png Figure 4: The structure of character string codes (class-code) of the images in database Dd https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-structure-of-character-string-codes-of-the-i5okntav.png Figure 5: The structure of character string codes of the features in database Dy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sample-of-extracted-components-p1-p4-and-their-2xnt6dm2.png Figure 3: A sample of extracted components P1…P4, and their signature S1…S4 https://scispace.com/papers/cctv-as-an-automated-sensor-for-firearms-detection-human-40wyek5hpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-sensitivity-da-to-firearms-in-the-concealed-and-gmrhyvk7.png Fig. 1 Mean sensitivity (da) to firearms in the concealed and unconcealed conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/cdm-potential-for-rural-transition-in-china-case-study-5c1b1auzry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparisons-for-energy-intensity-at-various-levels-2f0558av.png Figure 6 Comparisons for Energy Intensity at various levels (toe per thousand US$) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-electricity-consumption-in-yinzhou-gwh-3vq96k33.png Table 2 Electricity Consumption in Yinzhou (GWh) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-yinzhou-road-transportation-projections-7tg8a93w.png Table 7 Yinzhou Road Transportation Projections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-projections-of-household-electricity-consumption-8kewab0b.png Figure 5 Projections of Household Electricity Consumption per capita in Yinzhou District (MWh per capita per year) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-costs-and-benefits-of-the-air-conditioner-project-3w02ej3r.png Table 10 Costs and Benefits of the Air Conditioner Project in Residential Sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-costs-and-benefits-of-the-cdm-solar-water-heater-g0m5zwc7.png Table 9 Costs and Benefits of the CDM Solar Water Heater Project in Residential Sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-projections-for-energy-consumption-and-co2-emission-2t3la0st.png Table 8 Projections for Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission in Yinzhou in 2020 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analytical-framework-16fotuya.png Figure 1 Analytical Framework https://scispace.com/papers/cell-broadening-revisited-results-from-high-resolution-large-rv6k4mkrj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-horizontal-cross-sections-of-vertical-velocity-w-2ckvzbx7.png FIG. 3. (top) Horizontal cross sections of vertical velocity w (WET simulation): (left) t 4 h, z 1300 m; (right) t 12.5 h, z 2150 m. The cross sections are located at the level where the resolved variance of the vertical velocity reaches a local maximum. (bottom) Result of MC96’s basic control run for t 15 h, discussed in section 4 [figure courtesy Müller and Chlond (1996)]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-diameters-and-aspect-ratios-a-of-the-dominant-cell-2viikcz5.png TABLE 2. Diameters and aspect ratios A of the dominant cell structures in the liquid water field for different time levels estimated by spectral analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-power-spectra-of-the-liquid-water-content-and-2swyhpqv.png FIG. 4. (top) Power spectra of the liquid water content and (bottom) vertical velocity, WET simulation. Aspect ratios according to dominant scales at specific time levels are marked by triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-initial-parameters-for-all-simulations-lx-ly-2pc57cmp.png TABLE 1. List of initial parameters for all simulations; Lx, Ly, Lz: domain size in x, y direction; dx, dy, dz: grid spacings; (ug, g): components of the geostrophic wind; f : the Coriolis parameter; F↓zT is the impinging infrared radiative flux on the top of the domain; z0, z , zq are the roughness lengths for impulse, temperature, and moisture, respectively. The subscript 0 indicates the value of the respective parameter at the surface, the increase at the beginning of the three-dimensional simulation, / z the initial value of the vertical gradient. For DRY q represents a passive scalar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-autocorrelation-functions-left-w-and-right-as-33im2ntu.png FIG. 5. Autocorrelation functions (left) (w) and (right) ( ) as functions of the separation distance r for (top) t 4 h and (middle) t 12.5 h and at different height levels (cf. legend). Cross-correlation functions (bottom left) (w, ql) and (bottom right) ( , ql) as functions of the separation distance r for z 0.75 zi at different time levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-power-spectra-of-the-passive-scalar-and-bottom-the-cfd9bnx8.png FIG. 6. (top) Power spectra of the passive scalar and (bottom) the vertical velocity, DRY simulation, resulting from two-dimensional Fourier analysis of horizontal cross sections located approximately in the middle of the developing cloud layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vertical-mean-profiles-of-various-variables-at-h1oe1aaf.png FIG. 1. Vertical mean profiles of various variables at different time levels. (top, from left to right) Mean wind speed, liquid water potential temperature, liquid water content. (bottom, from left to right) Horizontal and vertical velocity variances, sensible and latent heat fluxes. For the sensible and latent heat fluxes, typical subgrid parts of the total fluxes are additionally shown. To calculate the heat fluxes, a density of 1.225 kg m 3 was assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-horizontal-cross-section-left-of-the-vertical-velocity-j2uswod6.png FIG. 7. Horizontal cross section (left) of the vertical velocity w and (right) of the scalar quantity at t 12.5 h (DRY simulation). The cross section is located at the level where the resolved variance of the vertical velocity reaches a local maximum (z 1000 m). https://scispace.com/papers/cement-technology-for-plugging-boreholes-in-radioactive-2r03vzmvqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-class-c-fly-a9zkgjhf.png Table 3. Class C fly https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-physical-properties-of-preliminary-borehole-plug-1477lyx0.png Table 6. Physical properties of preliminary borehole plug formulations cured 91 days'2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-physical-properties-of-preliminary-corehole-plug-2pnwcdut.png Table 5. Physical properties of preliminary corehole plug formulations cured 28 days https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-compressive-strength-of-saltcrete-vith-3a4igawy.png Table 4. Comparison of compressive strength of saltcrete vith different W/C ratios0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-phya-l-ra-l-p-r-o-p-e-r-t-i-e-s-of-c-f-l-l-r-l-um-q6hvl2ww.png Table V Phya l ra l p r o p e r t i e s of c f l l r l um .sulphate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-compressive-strength-of-saltcretes-with-class-h-cement-kr7i7qf6.png Fig. 2. Compressive strength of saltcretes with Class H cement and P17 and P20 fly ash vs curing time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-o-r-borehole-plug-formulations-3uxbblmn.png Table 1. Composition o r borehole plug formulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulated-wipp-site-ground-water-composition-qyhpidqx.png Table 2. Simulated WIPP-site ground water composition https://scispace.com/papers/cell-wall-modifications-during-fruit-ripening-when-a-fruit-20d7rtnw85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-experimental-results-cited-in-the-3jhm3ezp.png Table 2. Summary of experimental results cited in the literature, which correlate mRNA accumulation and enzymatic activity of members of cell wall-modifying enzymes with ripening in selected fruits https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-fruit-species-which-suffer-u-and-ljtiuqms.png Table 1. Summary of the fruit species which suffer (U) and which do not suffer (X) significant polysaccharide depolymerisation during ripening https://scispace.com/papers/cellular-connected-wireless-virtual-reality-requirements-1omqr4blg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-current-mr-vr-headsets-technical-parameters-1s758vwu.png TABLE I CURRENT MR/VR HEADSETS TECHNICAL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cellular-connected-wireless-vr-use-cases-challenges-3lgt78uf.png Fig. 2. Cellular-connected wireless VR use cases, challenges, and potential solutions in 5G [1]. The data rate and latency values are suggested in the report which is based on the existing commercial VR devices in Entry-level VR phase as shown in Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-qos-requirements-for-vr-phases-2hdtg176.png TABLE II QOS REQUIREMENTS FOR VR PHASES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-decomposition-of-end-to-end-vr-interaction-latency-in-157ma0q3.png Fig. 1. Decomposition of end-to-end VR interaction latency in Huawei 5G Test with cloud server [10]. https://scispace.com/papers/centimeter-sized-single-orientation-monolayer-hexagonal-8crn9icadh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-freestanding-h-bn-membranes-a-dark-field-tem-image-9q6u70bb.png Figure 5. Freestanding h-BN membranes. (a) Dark-field TEM image of a large-area h-BN membrane suspended over a Cu quantifoil TEM grid. (b) Zoomed-in TEM image displays freestanding single-layer h-BN, with some transfer-related residues. (c) Further zoomed-in high-resolution (HR)TEM image: Single-crystalline BN honeycomb lattice with atomic resolution. Inset: Fast Fourier transform (FFT) of panel c, confirming the crystalline structure with hexagonal symmetry. (d) Optical microscopy image of a h-BN membrane with 2 nm voids on a 20 nm SiNx membrane with 50 nm hole in the middle. (e) HR-STEM image of a h-BN membrane with a 2 nm void. (f) Current vs voltage characteristic of 4 different v-BN membrane samples in 10 mM KCl solutions at pH 8. The inset shows the sketch of the setup. All TEM and STEM images were taken at 80 keV electron energy and with the sample at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-h-bn-nanomesh-on-rh-111-with-and-without-2-nm-voids-t8vegrux.png Figure 1. h-BN nanomesh on Rh(111) with and without 2 nm voids. (a) Chemical structure of the borazine (HBNH)3 precursor and its decomposition to form a h-BN monolayer and H2 gas on a hot Rh(111) surface. The h-BN corrugation is caused by the lattice mismatch that accommodates 13 × 13 BN on 12 × 12 Rh units. (b) Photograph of a 4 in. wafer single-crystalline Rh(111) thin film substrate in Zürich air, on which the nanomesh is grown. (c) Room-temperature STM images of pristine h-BN nanomesh on Rh(111), Ut = −1.20 V, and It = 0.50 nA. (d) Multiple 2 nm voids at pore sites generated by the ”can-opener” effect after annealing of h-BN/Ar/Rh(111) to 900 K, Ut = −1.20 V, It = 0.50 nA. The two right-bottom insets show (c) 9 nm × 9 nm zoomed-in images of pristine h-BN nanomesh and (d) voidal v-BN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-step-toa-assisted-electrochemical-transfer-3bzgj0rq.png Figure 2. Two-step TOA+-assisted electrochemical transfer process of h-BN. (1) Structure of h-BN/Rh(111) film sample. On a Si(111) wafer, an yttria-stabilized zirconia layer (YSZ) (80 nm), Rh(111) (150 nm), and a h-BN monolayer (with or without nanovoids) are grown. (2) First step of the transfer procedure: TOA+-treatment in a three-electrode setup, consisting of a h-BN/Rh sample as working electrode, a Pt wire as counter electrode, and an Ag wire as reference electrode in 0.1 M TOABr/acetonitrile solution. (3) The TOA/h-BN/Rh sample is spin-coated with PMMA. (4) The second step includes a two-electrode setup with the PMMA/TOA/h-BN/Rh sample as working electrode and a graphite rod as counter electrode in a 1.0 M KCl solution. H2 bubble evolution between h-BN and Rh substrate lifts the PMMA/TOA/h-BN monolayer (shown in panel 5). (6) Rh(111) substrate after h-BN transfer can be used for another cycle of h-BN growth (panel 1). The PMMA/h-BN films are transferred on TEM grids (panel 7) and on SiO2/Si or Ge substrates (panel 8), followed by PMMA removal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mg-ka-xps-and-xpd-o-1253-6-ev-of-h-bn-before-and-3haou1oj.png Figure 3. Mg Kα XPS and XPD (ℏω = 1253.6 eV) of h-BN before and after TOA+-assisted transfer. (a, b) XPS of B1s and N1s core levels on Rh before (black) and after transfer on 80 nm SiO2/Si (red). The transfer rate is above 95%. (c, e) X-ray photoelectron diffraction patterns of (c) B 1s and (e) N 1s of transferred h-BN layer on amorphous SiO2. The 3-fold symmetry indicates a single orientation of the h-BN lattice as depicted in panel d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-large-scale-high-temperature-protection-of-ge-2g9av47g.png Figure 4. Large-scale high-temperature protection of Ge against oxidation by transferred h-BN. The inset shows the heating plate with a piece of Ge wafer on top. PMMA and transferred PMMA/h-BN are placed on a Ge(111) surface. Top panel: grayscale intensities of the camera images of Ge (black), PMMA/Ge (blue), and PMMA/h-BN/Ge (red) as a function of sample temperature and annealing time. The process involves three stages: (1) PMMA desorption at 300−350 °C. (2) At ∼405 °C, the three samples show the same color. (3) At 585 °C, bare Ge and PMMA/Ge (after PMMA removal) start oxidizing, and the colors of the surfaces turn bright blue (Ge bulk oxide formation), while PMMA/h-BN/Ge stays dark even after 10 min at 610 °C. Bottom frame panel: Surface color changes of the three regions (7 frames each) vs time and for temperatures from room temperature up to 610 °C. All squares represent 2 mm × 2 mm. The color codes of the frame-boarders are the same as the traces in the top panel. https://scispace.com/papers/cementation-and-structural-diagenesis-of-fluvio-aeolian-13t7401f4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aeolian-dune-samples-from-bowscar-quarry-a-b-pigmented-c5zbdz8d.png Fig. 4. Aeolian dune samples from Bowscar Quarry. (a, b) Pigmented hematite dust rims outlining the original grain surface without illite coating the grain surface (BQ 1). (c, d) Thicker iron oxide and hydroxide linings and occasionally illite inhibit quartz cementation (BQ 1). The thicker continuous iron oxides and hydroxides are accumulated in surface roughnesses and indentations. Hem, hematite; Fsp, K-feldspar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-micrographs-from-force-mill-a-b-intact-stained-3tshckyo.png Fig. 5. Micrographs from Force Mill. (a, b) Intact stained tangential illite coatings are present and inhibit quartz overgrowth cementation in sample FM 1 from Force Mill. φ, blue-dyed pore space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-the-mineralogical-suite-of-regular-a-22sovvdw.png Fig. 12. Comparison of the mineralogical suite of regular (a) and bleached (b) sandstone around deformation bands at a beige alteration zone in the Penrith Sandstone (centre image) using QEMSCAN® in sample FM Alt. The dashed lines in the specimen photograph outline the multistrand cataclastic band. The bleached interval (b) contains relatively more illite (green) and kaolinite (red) than the unbleached rock (a). The white area between grains represents porosity filled by an epoxy resin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-overview-of-the-study-area-in-the-vale-of-eden-half-x8li2abs.png Fig. 1. (a) Overview of the study area in the Vale of Eden half-graben, Cumbria, UK. Locations of the five studied exposures are highlighted. Line of cross-section is indicated. (b) Schematic cross-section of the Vale of Eden half-graben north of Penrith. The Permo-Triassic units of the Vale of Eden dip gently towards the NE (redrawn and modified from Turner et al. (1995); vertical scale is given separately). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-compilation-of-the-orientation-of-deformation-bands-a-2kdlnujx.png Fig. 8. Compilation of the orientation of deformation bands. (a) The measurements from Lacy’s Cave feature three distinct orientations (NNW SSE, west east and (E)NE (W)SW) and another minor set (NNE SSW). Two fault planes (red) are exposed and their strike approximately matches the deformation band orientation. (b) The deformation band orientation at Force Mill appears more scattered than the nearby Lacy’s Cave measurements, but the main orientations are still visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-correlation-between-point-counted-quartz-cement-values-qmpvaysr.png Fig. 6. Correlation between point-counted quartz cement values and observed average grain coat coverage. The decrease in quartz cement correlates well with the grain coat coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-thick-section-100-um-and-qemscan-r-1fiik1ao.png Fig. 7. Comparison of thick-section (100 µm) and QEMSCAN® images of sample BQ 2 Q. (a, b) The QEMSCAN® analysis indicates the relative enrichment of illite in the finer grained laminae of the dune sandstone sample from Bowscar Quarry. The delineation of the textures of illite as a pore filling or grain coating phase was made on thin-section images rather than on QEMSCAN® analyses. (c, d) Photomicrograph of pigmented hematite dust rims in well-cemented, coarser grained fraction of the sample. (e, f ) Photomicrograph of the better clay mineral coated, finer grained fraction of the pinstripelaminated sandstone. This part of the sample contains less quartz overgrowth cement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-schematic-comparison-of-the-two-main-deformation-2ot468pd.png Table 2. Schematic comparison of the two main deformation band generations based on macroscopic and microscopic alterations https://scispace.com/papers/central-and-peripheral-administration-of-kisspeptin-10-8ht4za3u5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-kisspeptin-10-on-the-release-of-x5t4tv4x.png Table 3 The effect of kisspeptin-10 on the release of gonadotropins from in-vitro anterior pituitary fragments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-behaviour-over-the-first-1-hr-following-i-c-v-2dugzcak.png Table 1 Behaviour over the first 1 hr following i.c.v. injection of kisspeptin-10 (3nmol) or saline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-kisspeptin-10-on-release-of-peptides-314z8bno.png Table 2 The effect of kisspeptin-10 on release of peptides from in-vitro hypothalamic explants. https://scispace.com/papers/central-banking-perspectives-from-emerging-economies-38p5t1glrg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-trilemma-indices-for-industrial-countries-5nnuy89h.png Figure 2.1: Trilemma Indices for Industrial Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inflation-targets-in-selected-countries-5qr19ahp.png Figure 5: Inflation Targets in Selected Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fiscal-procyclicality-2000-2009-source-frankel-vegh-dj1w1d91.png Figure 6: Fiscal procyclicality, 2000-2009. Source: Frankel, Vegh and Vuletin (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-trilemma-of-international-finance-3gocz0w2.png Figure 1: The Trilemma of International Finance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-trilemma-indices-for-emerging-asia-1t0a16io.png Figure 3.1: Trilemma Indices for Emerging Asia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-trilemma-indices-for-developing-asia-29ilgdic.png Figure 3.2: Trilemma Indices for Developing Asia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-source-coulibaly-2013-29iwgq06.png Figure 4. Source: Coulibaly (2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-trilemma-indices-for-non-asia-emerging-market-c55vpkoy.png Figure 3.3: Trilemma Indices for Non-Asia Emerging Market Economies https://scispace.com/papers/centralized-server-environment-for-educational-robotics-mrjt1mm2d1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-features-of-the-gumbot-w5i5yja2.png Fig. 3. Features of the Gumbot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gumbot-data-and-power-connections-2m78bsj9.png Fig. 2. Gumbot Data and Power Connections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-students-completing-coursework-with-the-gumbot-and-s1lv38wq.png Fig. 4. Students completing coursework with the Gumbot and Server in the lab. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gumbot-robot-controllers-and-server-1fke0j77.png Fig. 1. ”Gumbot” Robot Controllers And Server https://scispace.com/papers/championing-and-promoting-innovation-in-uk-megaprojects-1k897rg8rb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-ways-innovation-is-championed-and-promoted-in-1pzb6zni.png Table 2. The ways innovation is championed and promoted in five megaprojects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-sources-summary-330ahoj4.png Table 1. Data sources summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-bicycle-model-of-innovation-champions-developed-3d02vxeu.png Figure 1. The bicycle-model of innovation champions (developed by Consultant at Nichols B) https://scispace.com/papers/chameleon-context-awareness-inside-dbmss-4ddv5c0sr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-books-table-abx51844.png Table 1: The books table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scalability-with-respect-to-the-output-size-2mcllrhq.png Figure 4: Scalability with respect to the output size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-basic-contexts-in-queries-adp01dtd.png Table 3: Effect of basic contexts in queries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-dimension-tables-are-joined-with-the-fact-table-1koird0a.png Figure 1: (a) Dimension tables are joined with the fact table before the skyline operation is performed. (b) The operators Skylinejoin and FilterMark inside a query pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-identity-activity-contextual-values-vyso9o1v.png Table 6: identity activity contextual values https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-result-of-select-from-patient-for-all-users-u1-u2-1js5imdr.png Table 7: Result of ”SELECT * FROM patient;” for all users u1, u2, and u3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-finite-state-machine-representing-phase-2-of-2eh5gdcl.png Figure 2: Finite state machine representing Phase 2 of Skylinejoin.GetNext() https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-query-qu-issued-by-the-user-at-the-bookstore-5lxp7aai.png Table 2: Query Qu issued by the user at the bookstore https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-athletic-identity-and-life-satisfaction-of-elite-4cmlst44eb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aims-means-across-the-three-retirement-status-185p2zjn.png Figure 1. AIMS means across the three retirement status groups for 2003 and 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-swls-means-across-the-three-retirement-status-awk6vypq.png Figure 2. SWLS means across the three retirement status groups f r 2003 and 2007. A series of paired-samples t-tests indicated that the mean SWLS scores of the Continuing group and Intending group did not change si nificantly over time. However, for the Retired group, life satisfaction increased betwe n the 2003 and 2007 surveys, t(15) = 2.46, p < .05. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-hemoglobin-profile-reflect-autologous-blood-9nwtnsno53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-of-hemoglobin-types-in-the-two-groups-for-the-q2q55zym.png Table 3 Values of hemoglobin types in the two groups for the different time points https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-design-t-transfusion-c-controls-3t4eybae.png Fig. 1 Study design. T transfusion, C controls https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-samples-exceeding-2-and-3-standard-deviations-from-the-za41gw5d.png Fig. 3 Samples exceeding 2- (*) and 3-standard deviations (†) from the mean of all untreated samples at the different time points for each subject. [Hb], hemoglobin concentration, Ret reticulocytes, OFF OFF-hr score, A hemoglobin-A, A2 hemoglobin-A2, A1c glycated hemoglobin, A1d hemoglobin aldimine fraction, F fetal hemoglobin, HbPI Hemoglobin Profile Index, SD standard deviation, r refrigerated blood, c cryopreserved blood, T transfusion group, C control group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-subjects-included-in-the-3nwl311o.png Table 1 Characteristics of the subjects included in the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-hematological-parameters-in-the-two-groups-3q4ehn2v.png Table 2 Values of hematological parameters in the two groups for the different time points. Within- and between-group comparisons are shown https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-medication-associated-with-epilepsy-related-3r441k8qcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-case-crossover-design-2wfhycu4.png Figure 1. Case-crossover design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selection-of-relevant-drug-interactions101119-6mcw1saz.png Figure 2. Selection of relevant drug interactions10,11,19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-study-population-1kfltg68.png Table 2. Characteristics of the study population https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relevant-interactions-with-aeds-and-convulsion-hdzdbctl.png Table 1. Relevant interactions with AEDs and convulsion thresholds10,11,19 https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-impacts-of-climate-extremes-human-systems-and-32ik7nm6rv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-4-activities-associated-with-managing-the-impacts-of-2j5vutjl.png Table 6-4 | Activities associated with managing the impacts of disasters. Adapted from Coppola (2007) and ALNAP (2010a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-the-effect-of-changes-in-temperature-distribution-16gafs0n.png Figure 1-2 | The effect of changes in temperature distribution on extremes. Different changes in temperature distributions between present and future climate and their effects on extreme values of the distributions: a) effects of a simple shift of the entire distribution toward a warmer climate; b) effects of an increased temperature variability with no shift of the mean; and c) effects of an altered shape of the distribution, in this example an increased asymmetry toward the hotter part of the distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-government-liabilities-and-disaster-risk-modified-1z4jir5e.png Table 6-2 | Government liabilities and disaster risk. Modified from Polackova Brixi and Mody (2002). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-complementary-response-measures-for-observed-and-2lgldf7f.png Figure 6-3 | Complementary response measures for observed and projected disaster risks supported by respective institutional and individual capacity for making informed decisions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-estimates-of-global-costs-of-adaptation-to-climate-3lutdp4f.png Table 4-4 | Estimates of global costs of adaptation to climate change. Source: Extended based on Agrawala and Fankhauser (2008) and Parry et al. (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2-key-data-for-extreme-cyclones-in-bangladesh-353a5tf5.png Table 9-2 | Key data for extreme cyclones in Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Mexico. Sources: García et al., 2006; National Hurricane Center, 2006; Government of Bangladesh, 2008; Karim and Mimura, 2008; Webster, 2008; CRED, 2009; Paul, 2009; Giuliani and Peduzzi, 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-linking-local-to-global-actors-and-30lyapst.png Figure 5-1 | Linking local to global actors and responsibilities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-3-examples-of-risk-financing-mechanisms-shaded-cells-dfexn3ii.png Table 9-3 | Examples of risk financing mechanisms (shaded cells) at different scales. Source: adapted from Linnerooth-Bayer and Mechler, 2009. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-self-perceived-role-identity-modulate-pain-2frvj1coaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-depiction-of-an-experimental-run-every-efbqqkoq.png Fig. 2. Schematic depiction of an experimental run. Every experimental session included three of such runs comprising the three following conditions presented in a randomized and counterbalanced order: (1) Role induction of a hero/heroine, (2) role induction of a faint-heart and (3) listening to a scientific text or 10 min silence without any other task. A break of 5 min was inserted between runs. Solid black bars represent the use of noxious heat stimuli with the associated pain tolerance measurement. Grey bars represent the use of a noxious stimulus and its corresponding pain threshold measurement. The unfilled white-bar, in the middle of the second pain tolerance measurement, represents the continuation of the story line to avoid vanishing of the possible effects resulting from role induction procedures. VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; MPQ, McGill Pain Questionnaire; SCL, Skin Conductance Level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-levels-of-pain-tolerance-c-pre-and-post-role-1s9k5y44.png Fig. 3. Mean levels of pain tolerance ( C) pre- and post role induction and control conditions. Asterisks (*) indicate significant, post-hoc comparisons (P < 0.0033). Pre, pre-role induction/control conditions; Post, post-role induction/control conditions; Bars depict average values and s.e.m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-difference-in-pain-tolerance-between-men-and-women-36t6hqdp.png Fig. 4. Difference in pain tolerance between men and women. Overall, men showed higher pain tolerance than women. Pre, pre-role induction/control conditions; Post, post-role induction/control conditions; f, females; m, males. Bars depict average values and their s.e.m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-mpq-subscale-scores-pre-and-post-role-induction-1tuqs0q6.png Fig. 5. Mean MPQ subscale scores pre- and post role induction and control conditions. (a) Sensory subscale scores increased significantly only after the role induction of a hero/heroine. (b) Affective subscale ratings increased significantly only after the role induction of a faintheart. Asterisks (*) indicate significant post-hoc comparisons (P < 0.0033). Pre, pre-role induction/control conditions; Post, postrole induction/control conditions. Bars depict average values and s.e.m. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-quantiferon-tb-gold-in-tube-results-during-1s4p9miefq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-study-25dcee54.png Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-study-participants-by-adherence-9zhb64qg.png Figure 1 Flow chart of study participants by adherence status and number of tests performed. QFT-GIT = QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube; T0 = QFT-GIT before treatment start; T1, T4, T9 = QFT-GIT at 1, 4 and 9 months of follow-up, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quantitative-qft-git-responses-over-time-figure-rixiz3oo.png Figure 3 Quantitative QFT-GIT responses over time. Figure shows only subjects who underwent all three tests (T0, T4, T9) and A) those who completed LTBI treatment (n = 58) and B) those who did not complete LTBI treatment (n = 10). Marked variability in QFT-GIT responses over the three time points is observed and the lack of association with treatment. IU = international unit; QFT-GIT = QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube; T0 = QFT-GIT before treatment start; T1, T4, T9 = QFT-GIT at 1, 4 and 9 months of followup, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differences-in-median-values-of-serial-qft-git-test-103vbqm8.png Table 3 Differences in median values of serial QFT-GIT test among treatment adherent participants by the regimen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differences-in-ifn-g-levels-after-1-month-of-2efht97i.png Figure 2 Differences in IFN-γ levels after 1 month of enrolment comparing 35 adherent and 19 non-adherent subjects; no changes were associated with adherence status (P = 0.556). IFN-γ = interferon-gamma. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-the-annual-harmful-algal-blooms-of-alexandrium-9k6vxwukdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-temperatures-c-a-salinity-psu-b-2yera8wo.png Fig. 3. Distribution of temperatures (◦C) (a), salinity (PSU) (b), nitrate nitrogen (µmol L−1) (c) and phosphate (µmol L−1) (d) at Port SaintHubert from 1996 to 2009 (all years and all seasons). The average is displayed as a cross +, and the median as a black line. A Solid line connects the means in all figures (∗ not enough data). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-multiple-correspondence-analysis-on-table-comparing-a-1s3rfi03.png Fig. 4. Multiple Correspondence Analysis on table comparing A. minutum classes (white square) and environmental parameter classes (black dots) at Port Saint-Hubert between 1996 and 2009: Temp1, Temperature (class1) 10.1 ◦C; Temp2, Temperature (class2) range 10.1 and 15.4 ◦C; . . . Sal2, Salinity (class2) range 31.8 and 33.1; . . . Tide2, tidal coefficient (class2) range 55 and 72; . . . Flow2, Flow of the Rance river (class2) range 0.2 and 0.6 m3 s−1; . . . Sun2, Daily sunlight (class2) range 1 and 4 h day−1; 5DaySun1, Sum of 5 consecutive Daily sunlight 14 h 5 days−1; . . . NoAlex, absence of A. minutum in the water sample; LowAlex, number of A. minutum range 102 and 103 cells L−1; Alert, number of A. minutum range 103 and 104 cells L−1 corresponding to the alert level of the monitoring network REPHY; Bloom, number of A. minutum 104 cells L−1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-correlation-circle-for-variables-a-and-projection-of-lku5npmr.png Fig. 5. Correlation circle for variables (a) and projection of years on the first 2 factorial axes (b): [P] Pt1, phosphates concentration in the river upstream of Châtelier lock (µmol L−1); meanFlow, annual mean flow of the river (m3 s−1); Rain, annual mean rainfall at Dinard (mm); Flux P, annual mean phosphates concentration × flow of the river (10+3 µmol s−1); LogAlex, annual mean of Log10 (A. minutum per liter) observed at Port Saint-Hubert; [N] Pt1, annual mean nitrogen concentration in the river upstream of Le Châtelier lock (µmol L−1); FluxN, annual mean nitrogen concentration × flow of the river (10+3 µmol s−1); NAO, Index Data provided by the Climate Analysis Section, NCAR, Boulder, USA, Hurrell (1995); Sun, annual mean daily sunlight at Dinard (h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-spatial-distribution-of-alexandrium-minutum-in-the-neht33fo.png Fig. 9. Spatial distribution of Alexandrium minutum in the Rance estuary and variations of salinity (dash line), turbidity (solid line) and cells of Alexandrium minutum (histogram) along the kilometric gradient, from the lock, at high water (a,c) (June 21, 2000) and low water (b,d) (June 27, 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rance-estuary-place-names-location-of-water-quality-3us4u517.png Fig. 1. Rance estuary, place names, location of water quality monitoring stations and inputs (a) ; example of tidal cycles in the maritime part of the Rance (dotted line) and at sea (solid line), from February 9, 2010 midnight to February 11, 2010 11:00 PM, based on EDF and SHOM data, showing mean water level differences, amplitude differences and the duration of slack waters (b); topography of the floor redrawn from Kasouk, Deffontaines, 2009 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-trend-of-annual-mean-concentrations-of-alexandrium-2ztj93wl.png Fig. 6. Trend of annual mean concentrations of Alexandrium minutum at Port Saint-Hubert (solid line, black point) and annual mean phosphate fluxes at Le Châtelier lock (dashed line, gray diamond) from 1996 to 2009 (a) and regression between annual mean concentrations of Alexandrium minutum and annual mean phosphate fluxes (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-monthly-distribution-of-concentrations-of-alexandrium-1fk2ms7p.png Fig. 2. Monthly distribution of concentrations of Alexandrium minutum established from 14 years of monitoring (each point represent a count) (a) and yearly evolution of concentrations of A. minutum (box plot) compared with maximum toxicity in Cerastoderma edule flesh (solid line and black circle) at Port Saint-Hubert (expressed as µg STX equiv. 100 g−1) from 1996 to 2009 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-distribution-of-concentrations-of-nitrate-nitrogen-se1m4p6r.png Fig. 8. Distribution of concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (µmol L−1) (a) and phosphates (µmol L−1) (b) along the salinity gradient from 1994 to 2009 (all years and all seasons). Arrows indicate the locations of Le Châtelier lock and tidal power station. Dashed, theoretical dilution line if conservativity between upstream and downstream; solid line connects the means, dilution average recorded for each parameter. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-understandings-and-perceptions-of-individuals-2mscg3h0sd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-others-demographics-2tc86fjx.png Table 2. Significant others’ demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-superordinate-and-subordinate-themes-1i6oz0zf.png Table 4. Overview of superordinate and subordinate themes. Brackets denote the participant group(s) each theme/subtheme relates to. https://scispace.com/papers/changes-to-the-groundwater-system-from-1888-to-present-in-a-7g2zexoq9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-urbanization-activities-and-rainfall-and-their-ru9024mx.png Table 1 Urbanization activities and rainfall and their impact on groundwater system 398 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-damp-area-plagued-by-malarial-fever-in-1888-3pct2u7c.png Figure 4 The damp area plagued by malarial fever in 1888 (bounded by blue line) and the 596 well locations in 1896 (block dot) 597 598 599 https://scispace.com/papers/changes-of-forestland-in-china-s-coastal-areas-1996-2015-4u2kpbk6ic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-local-estimates-from-gwr-and-geographical-3qewrz7z.png Table 3 Local estimates from GWR and geographical variability of the covariates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-area-and-the-percent-of-forestland-in-2015-30ryjqqp.png Figure 1 Study area and the percent of forestland in 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-significant-local-estimates-of-arable-b4pcygbl.png Figure 5 Significant local estimates of ARABLE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-significant-local-estimates-of-fl-base-6m2ke7pl.png Figure 4 Significant local estimates of FL_BASE https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-covariates-in-the-gwr-models-559-1102m6zn.png Table 1 Description of covariates in the GWR models 559 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-cluster-maps-of-forestland-changes-3tka4db6.png Figure 3 Local cluster maps of forestland changes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-annual-change-of-forestland-in-2d3brtu4.png Figure 2 Average annual change of forestland (in %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-global-estimates-from-ols-regression-2tqgiays.png Table 2 Global estimates from OLS regression https://scispace.com/papers/changes-in-the-etiology-incidence-and-prognosis-of-acute-1n0up1pet8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lrti-incidence-in-the-last-decade-first-consultation-2z6mlkyt.png Fig. 1. LRTI incidence in the last decade (first consultation to ED). Numerator: HIV https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-131-study-patients-stratified-ohnlh7uo.png Table 1 Characteristics of the 131 study patients stratified by the etiology of the LRTI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictors-of-mortality-within-30-days-1i7fvpj6.png Table 2 Predictors of mortality within 30 days. https://scispace.com/papers/changing-aims-of-computing-education-a-historical-survey-106qtkusbv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computing-education-expanding-outward-7wq1l92f.png Table 1. Computing Education Expanding Outward. https://scispace.com/papers/changing-social-relations-between-science-and-society-3xigw0h42g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changing-social-contract-between-science-and-society-be2eid03.png Table 2: Changing Social Contract Between Science and Society https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patent-holding-of-renewable-energy-technologies-in-2y6pw6mw.png Table 1: Patent holding of renewable energy technologies in the world 2007 https://scispace.com/papers/changing-tourism-consumer-behavior-the-impacts-on-tourism-3q6c0pybgx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-chi-square-test-2703a0e1.png Table 7: Chi-Square Test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-howard-sheth-model-of-the-theory-of-buyer-behavior-2xt5xhqd.png Figure 3: Howard-Sheth Model of the Theory of Buyer Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-chi-square-test-processing-summary-37ly0l9f.png Table 6: Chi-square Test Processing Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-travel-buying-behavior-ugkxw9pt.png Figure 4: Travel-buying Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simple-structure-of-the-factor-model-for-the-2ss050x4.png Figure 5: Simple structure of the factor model for the determinants of tourism demand based on a nine-item scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-qdpt7owi.png Table 4: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-andreasen-model-of-consumer-behavior-32xjmb77.png Figure 1: Andreasen model of Consumer Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scale-reliability-statistics-5ttt060x.png Table 2: Scale Reliability Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/channel-equalization-techniques-for-non-volatile-memristor-2asf3wci7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sneak-path-effect-sneak-current-phenomenon-where-the-mgohu92s.png Fig. 1: Sneak Path Effect Sneak current phenomenon where the sense current is a combination of the target cell value with an additional sneak path current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-signal-detection-model-the-sensed-signal-is-composed-35mnvcpg.png Fig. 3: Signal Detection Model The sensed signal is composed of the original saved data with the sneak path current modeled as an added distortion parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bits-distribution-illustration-a-the-overlaping-edm007pg.png Fig. 2: Bits Distribution Illustration (a) The overlaping distributions for the high and low bits as a result of the sneak path distortion added. The inset of the figure represents the ideal read case where there is not added distortion. (b) The cell resistance seen at the read out operation. The actual cell resistance is put in parallel with the sneak path resistance affecting significantly the read out current https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-linear-fitting-simulation-of-pilot-cells-across-a-3um36e4a.png Fig. 4: Linear Fitting Simulation of pilot cells across a complete row/column filled with ones for a 256k array. A linear function is present between the pilots and the number of ones along the corresponding dimension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimation-signals-a-simulation-for-a-256kb-array-rqlqfjlu.png Fig. 5: Estimation Signals A Simulation for a 256kb array filled with random data of high and low bits. The primary row and column are filled with ‘1’s. A sample of 100 points was chosen from different locations across the array. a) Readout values that hold the original values compounded with the added distortion. b) Distortion parameters extracted per cell. c) The estimated signal after removal of the distortion and its mapping to the original data. Subtracting the estimated distortion from the sensed data allows the adjusted signals to represent the actual data accurately. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pilots-in-memory-an-example-of-the-allocation-of-pilot-m3dupo1i.png Fig. 6: Pilots in Memory An example of the allocation of pilot cells at the primary row and column of the memory array. The actual data is saved as binary values of ‘1’ or ‘0’ at the remaining cells within the array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-nist-data-set-a-256kb-sample-snapshot-of-the-actual-1gdr1qcr.png Fig. 7: NIST Data Set A 256kb sample snapshot of the actual memory dumps (NIST images) for the simulations performed with the pilot-assisted readout operation. Array sizes ranged from 64x64 up to 512x512. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bits-margins-simulation-for-a-256kb-array-filled-with-1may17gs.png Fig. 8: Bits Margins. Simulation for a 256kb array filled with NIST data images. The parameters for the non-linear memristor device used are: α=3V −1, kon= 10N, Koff = 10P, Rcb=10Ω. (a) Data distributions prior to estimation show an overlap between the high and low bits(b) Split margins for the high and low bit after the estimation process. It allows for the accurate detection and distinction of the bits ’0’ and ’1’ respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/channel-tube-and-taylor-couette-flow-of-complex-viscoelastic-4eobtve89e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-non-linear-viscometric-functions-according-to-the-pom-27ka2y99.png Fig. 5 Non-linear viscometric functions according to the Pom-Pom Model as found from solution of the steady-state homogeneous flow problem (dotted lines) and from solution of the TPBV problem (solid lines). Model parameters are λb/λs = 3 and q = 3. The shear stress vs shear rate dependence is non-monotonic https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maximum-fluid-velocity-a-wall-shear-rate-b-and-20neyc5k.png Fig. 4 Maximum fluid velocity (a), wall shear rate (b), and volumetric flow rate (c) for laminar tube flow of a Pompon fluid at three values of the arm parameter: q = 3 (solid lines), 30 (dotted lines), and 300 (dashed lines). Other model parameters are the same as in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-axial-a-and-azimuthal-b-velocity-profiles-for-taylor-1shmnfst.png Fig. 11 Axial (a) and azimuthal (b) velocity profiles for Taylor– Couette flow (κ = 0.5) of a Pompon fluid with inner cylinder velocity U = 10 and three axial pressure drops: ∇z p = −10 (solid lines), −50 (dotted lines), and −100 (dotted lines). Model parameters are λb/λs = 3, a1 = 1, and q = 3. The dots in b are for ∇z p = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-velocity-profiles-in-the-gap-k-0-5-for-three-axial-w513a667.png Fig. 17 Velocity profiles in the gap, κ = 0.5, for three axial pressure drops: ∇z p = −10 (solid lines), −50 (dotted lines), and −100 (dashed lines). The velocity of the inner cylinder is U = 10. a Axial velocity and b azimuthal velocity. Model parameters are the same as in Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-die-swell-predictions-according-to-eq-27-for-four-1hvr1v4s.png Fig. 8 Die swell predictions according to Eq. 27 for four coupling parameter values: θ = 0 (solid lines), 0.1 (dotted lines), 0.15 (dashed lines), and 0.2 (long-dashed lines). Other model parameters are the same as in Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-viscometric-properties-of-a-tcmm-fluid-evaluated-at-13c83a7d.png Fig. 7 Viscometric properties of a TCMM fluid evaluated at the channel wall as a function of wall shear rate. Model parameters are the same as in Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-laminar-annular-flow-k-0-5-profiles-of-a-pompon-fluid-18jr8w50.png Fig. 10 Laminar annular flow (κ = 0.5) profiles of a Pompon fluid for five pressure drops ∇z p = − 2 (solid lines), −4 (dotted lines), −6 (dashed lines), −8 (long-dashed lines), and −10 (dot-dashed lines), and U = 0. Model parameters are λb/λs =3, a1 = 1, and q = 3. a Axial velocity, b shear rate, c radial normal stress, d radial axial stress, e axial normal stress, and f backbone stretch https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-maximum-fluid-velocity-in-the-annulus-a-relative-32kmi8br.png Fig. 14 Maximum fluid velocity in the annulus (a), relative position of maximum fluid velocity (b), and volumetric flow rate (c) for laminar Taylor–Couette flow of a Pompon fluid for U = 10 and q = 3 (solid lines), 6 (dotted lines), 9 (dashed lines). Model and geometry parameters are the same as in Fig. 11 https://scispace.com/papers/chaotic-regime-in-chirped-pulse-mid-ir-oscillators-3qfhk0vd59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-output-spectrum-and-dispersion-of-a-kerr-lens-3qxp0ww1.png Figure 3. (a) Output spectrum and dispersion of a Kerr-lens modelocked Cr:ZnS laser. (b) Simulated spectra and corresponding dispersion curves for a mid-IR CPO with different values of the TOD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-recorded-hr-mirror-leak-grey-related-to-central-8afklw8q.png Figure 3. (a) Output spectrum and dispersion of a Kerr-lens modelocked Cr:ZnS laser. (b) Simulated spectra and corresponding dispersion curves for a mid-IR CPO with different values of the TOD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-femtosecond-graphene-mode-locked-rpbs8axu.png Figure 1. Schematic of the femtosecond graphene-mode-locked Cr:ZnS laser and typical autocorrelation signals in regular and chaotic regimes. CL – collimating lens, FL-focusing lens, HR – high reflector mirror, AE – Cr:ZnS active element, DC – dispersion compensation, OC – output coupler. https://scispace.com/papers/channel-flow-of-a-tensorial-shear-thinning-maxwell-model-58mpwbjxrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-velocity-profiles-of-a-simple-shear-flow-stopped-at-t-3tk1syim.png FIG. 8. Velocity profiles of a simple shear flow stopped at t = 0, for various times t > 0. Lines are the result of the LB simulation with the nonlinear Maxwell model for θ = 102, with initial wall velocity u0 = 10−2L/τ 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shear-viscosity-e-sxy-g-filled-symbols-left-axis-and-2q9l9429.png FIG. 1. Shear viscosity η = σxy/γ̇ (filled symbols; left axis) and normal stress coefficient N1 = (σxx − σyy )/γ̇ 2 (open symbols; right axis) as a function of local shear rate γ̇ . Lines are analytical results from the nonlinear Maxwell model for different quiescent relaxation times τ = θτ 0, in units of the microscopic relaxation time τ 0; symbols are LB simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-mid-channel-velocity-after-removal-of-8on2a7k5.png FIG. 6. Evolution of the mid-channel velocity after removal of a constant pressure gradient (cessation). Nonlinear Maxwell model, LB results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temporal-evolution-of-the-velocity-after-startup-left-2ikriuq7.png FIG. 7. Temporal evolution of the velocity after startup (left), respectively, cessation (right) of pressure-driven 2D channel flow, nonlinear Maxwell model with θ = 102. Small vertical lines mark the points where the normalized velocity gradient |κxy(y)/κxy( − H)| is 5%, as an indicator of the plug width. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-velocity-gradient-tensor-k-from-lb-simulations-of-the-28xuxnjz.png FIG. 3. Velocity gradient tensor κ from LB simulations of the nonlinear Maxwell model, in pressure-driven 2D channel flow. The dashed lines show the prediction of the asymptotes Eq. (20), the solid lines the analytic result Eq. (19). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-steady-state-velocity-profile-in-a-2d-channel-flow-30urxd2g.png FIG. 2. Steady-state velocity profile in a 2D channel flow driven by a constant pressure gradient p/(2H) = G∞, for the nonlinear Maxwell model, for different θ = τ /τ 0. Symbols are LB results, solid lines are the analytical solutions obtained from Eq. (19). A dashed line (see inset) shows the solution for θ →∞, the dotted line is the parabolic profile for a Newtonian fluid, θ = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stress-tensor-elements-sab-for-pressure-driven-channel-11cafff7.png FIG. 4. Stress tensor elements σαβ for pressure-driven channel flow with θ = 10 (open symbols) and θ = 100 (filled symbols). Upper panel: Diamonds (triangles) show σ xx (σ yy), while inverted triangles are the normal stress difference from the LB simulation. Lines are the analytical calculation from the nonlinear Maxwell model, assuming incompressible flow. The inset shows the expected linear behavior of σ xy. Lower panel: Circles show different cuts along the channel of the flow-induced pressure when using generalized periodic boundary conditions including a pressure step along the channel. The center-channel position is marked with crosses. If flow is instead driven by a body force, the pressure becomes translation-invariant along the channel (squares). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-mid-channel-velocity-after-34s6c556.png FIG. 5. Evolution of the mid-channel velocity after application of a pressure gradient (startup), for different θ . Nonlinear Maxwell model, LB results. In the inset, the velocities are scaled by the steady state value. https://scispace.com/papers/characterisation-of-a-small-electrode-hpge-detector-14n1ykz4r6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-662-kev-photopeak-counts-as-a-function-of-position-3g516mri.png Figure 7: 662 keV photopeak counts as a function of position for the front (left) and side (right) scans. The coordinates have been translated into the detector frame where the origin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-sage-well-hpge-crystal-used-in-8jy5u7b1.png Figure 1: Schematic of the SAGe Well HPGe crystal used in this work sliced along the x axis (red). The y and z axes are shown in green and blue respectively. The 25 mm diameter p+ electrode surface is shown on the back face of the crystal in red and the passivated region surrounding it in blue, the n+ electrode covers the remaining surface of the crystal including the inside of the well. The front face of the crystal is tapered in towards the well in order to eliminate regions of very low electric field, which would otherwise lead to significant charge trapping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-shape-parameters-for-signals-induced-in-sage-cyrw7ev9.png Figure 9: Shape parameters for signals induced in SAGE detector as a function of position. Time for mean signals to go from 2% to 30% of their height (left), from 30% to 98% of their height (centre), and the mean Ge-BGO trigger time difference (right) for events contributing to the mean signal at each position. The x axis indicates the radial position of each mean signal, the z position is indicated by the colour and marker type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-histograms-of-the-sage-bgo-time-difference-obtained-28zpnvgh.png Figure 8: Histograms of the SAGe-BGO time difference obtained during the coincidence scan (left). The black line represents all events generating a coincidence trigger, the coloured lines represent signals passing all gates and being used to form mean signals. The BGOBGO timing response to 511 keV anhilalation photons from a 22Na source is provided for comparison (right), the FWHM of this distribution was 23ns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-schematic-of-the-university-of-liverpool-detector-31ruuu3h.png Figure 5: A schematic of the University of Liverpool Detector Scanning Table mounted with a SAGe Well detector in coincidence mode. The source, primary collimator and lead collar are moved by the stepper motors while the rest remains stationary. The red line indicates an example path of a valid coincidence scan gamma-ray Compton scatter. https://scispace.com/papers/characterisation-of-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-related-to-bovine-idvyixq7dz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3aoxxcg9.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-somatic-cell-counts-of-raw-milk-samples-of-mastitis-1m6n1ylh.png Fig. 1. Somatic cell counts of raw milk samples of mastitis-affected cows sorted according to the type III secretion system-related genotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Asterisk (*) denotes significant difference https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-t59w1iaz.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1nh2khlt.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-antibiotic-resistance-rates-of-the-122-bovine-etwpj6hn.png Fig. 2. Antibiotic resistance rates of the 122 bovine Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values measured by the broth dilution method. TET, Tetracycline; ERY, Erythromycin; CHL, Chloramphenicol; COL, Colistin; CFT, Cefoxitin; AZT, Aztreonam; KAN, Kanamycin; PIP, Piperacillin; GEN, Gentamicin; AMK, Amikacin; MEP, Meropenem; CIP, Ciprofloxacin https://scispace.com/papers/characterisation-of-triterpenes-and-new-phenolic-lipids-in-40vrqokowq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nmr-data-for-orcinol-and-compounds-32-and-33-in-20v8v121.png Table 4 NMR data for orcinol and compounds (32) and (33) in CDCl3.a Position Orcinol (32) (33) 1H 1H 13C 1H 13C 1 – – 158.2 – 159.0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-composition-of-identified-alk-en-2w2bnux3.png Table 1 Percentage composition of identified alk(en)ylphenols (1–13) in Cameroonian propolis.a Compound name Range (%) Mean ± SD (%) 3-Undecyl phenol (1) 0.07–0.09 0.09 ± 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percentage-composition-of-identified-alk-en-2sn0gocr.png Table 5 Percentage composition of identified alk(en)ylresorcinols (23–31) in Cameroonian propolis.a Compound name Range (%) Mean ± SD (%) 5-Pentadecylresorcinol (23) 6.89–9.03 7.64 ± 1.20 https://scispace.com/papers/characterisation-quantity-and-sorptive-properties-of-24agm7cd6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-colour-of-microplastics-found-within-six-facial-173q5ta4.png Table 1. Colour of microplastics found within six facial scrub products. 514 515 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-of-a-typical-rough-1k9ygep2.png Fig 4. A-Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of a typical rough facial scrub plastic 568 microbead particle (9000𝑋 magnification). B- SEM of surface microbead 569 topography (16000𝑋 magnification). C- SEM of a broken smooth spherical 570 plastic microbead from ‘product F’ (900𝑋 magnification). 571 572 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-single-point-distribution-coefficients-kd-for-the-3ko346ei.png Fig 5. Single point distribution coefficients (Kd) for the sorption of a mixture of 574 phenanthrene (Phe) and DDT onto PE particles and rough and smooth PE-575 microbeads extracted from cosmetic products (n=3, ± SD). For each 576 contaminant, treatments with the same letters (A-C for Phe and a-d for DDT) 577 were not significantly different (p < 0.05). 578 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimates-for-the-number-of-pe-microbead-particles-in-10vfvfkr.png Fig 3. Estimates for the number of PE microbead particles in six brands of facial 561 scrubs per 1mL. Calculated using data from the volume weighted mean (n = 562 3, ±SD; correlating to the spread of the different amounts of particles 563 calculated for high, medium and low density PE). 564 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recovery-of-phenanthrene-phe-and-ddt-following-2t42xo77.png Table 2. Recovery (%) of phenanthrene (Phe) and DDT following sorption 531 experiments onto PVC and PE (average values displayed, n = 3). 532 https://scispace.com/papers/characteristics-and-performance-of-the-calorimetric-electron-4472wwjopx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-acceptance-conditions-for-le-g-trigger-events-3ave2j5n.png Table 1 Acceptance Conditions for LE-γ Trigger Events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-catalog-and-most-likely-positions-based-on-the-v9o5h8e4.png Figure 8. Catalog and most likely positions based on the candidate events for the three pulsars studied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-source-spectra-for-crab-geminga-and-vela-3dlum6ny.png Figure 14. Source spectra for Crab, Geminga, and Vela. Background subtraction has been performed based on an energy-dependent estimation using events in an annulus around the source. Events were chosen using the scaling functions Sp and the angular deviations such that the events associated within the 99% containment radius and background events have 4.5<x<6.5. The lower panels in each plot show the difference between the CAL observations and the parameterization in units of CAL error (top) and fractional difference (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-fluxes-obtained-from-exposure-weighted-averages-of-1wr7i0r4.png Figure 13. Fluxes obtained from exposure-weighted averages of the observations of the CAL on plane and off plane (left: EM Track, right: CC Track—valid up to 10 GeV ). For comparison, the expectation based on Fermi-LAT data is shown by the green and orange curves. The estimated background using simulated charged particle (electron + proton) contamination is shown in black. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-selection-cuts-in-zenith-pointing-znexusqb.png Figure 3. Effect of selection cuts in zenith-pointing effective area. Gray shaded regions demonstrate the limits of applicability for each tracking algorithm due to background contamination and poor agreement between flight data and simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-error-in-the-mean-position-of-candidates-associated-1lqwxm2d.png Table 2 Error in the Mean Position of Candidates Associated with Different Point Sources Before and After Application of the Correction Quaternion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-composite-psf-for-em-and-cc-tracks-in-each-plot-the-2xqe9dk0.png Figure 7. Composite PSF for EM and CC tracks. In each plot, the core contribution and tail contribution are represented by the red and green curves, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-signal-maps-for-the-em-track-top-and-cc-track-323ng9j5.png Figure 12. Signal maps for the EM Track (top) and CC Track (bottom) shown in a Mollweide projection of galactic coordinates. White contours show the relative level of exposure compared to the maximum on the sky. The Crab, Geminga, and Vela pulsars are clearly visible, as is a flare of the AGN CTA 102. https://scispace.com/papers/characteristics-of-low-speed-vehicle-run-over-events-in-2j8hmrs2ho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-lsvro-incidents-by-injury-27knuf92.png Table 3. Characteristics of LSVRO Incidents by Injury Severity https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-characteristics-injury-and-event-continued-3vvzrdew.png Table 2. Sample Characteristics (Injury and Event), continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-characteristics-injury-and-event-2vazp5sf.png Table 2. Sample Characteristics (Injury and Event), continued https://scispace.com/papers/characteristics-of-martensite-as-a-function-of-the-ms-wh6wutl31g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-backscattered-scanning-electron-microscopy-of-a-steel-6erlxsxs.png Fig. 1. Backscattered scanning electron microscopy of (a) steel G1B with Ms = https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measured-ms-temperatures-and-volume-fractions-of-356vppr5.png Table 2 Measured Ms temperatures and volume fractions of retained austenite (RA) after quenching. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-ms-temperatures-of-the-armour-steels-g1a-to-2hgjnmw8.png Table 3 Measured Ms temperatures of the armour steels G1A to G3 and the corresponding transformation characteristics deduced from [18,19]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ballistic-performance-of-the-plates-tested-by-5-56mm-3o7g1357.png Table 5 Ballistic performance of the plates tested by 5.56mm standard R4 fired from 30m under 0◦ obliquity [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surface-relief-profile-of-steel-g1a-along-the-normal-1a8fj028.png Fig. 4. Surface relief profile of steel G1A along the normal direction to A and the corresponding Fast Fourier Transform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-topography-of-steel-g1awithms-196-c-showing-the-2hu6phry.png Fig. 3. AFM topography of steel G1AwithMs = 196 ◦C, showing the larger set of twins formed normal to the direction (A) and another family of sub-twins formed normal t https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-thin-foil-transmission-electronmicrographs-showing-the-3uln9may.png Fig. 5. Thin foil transmission electronmicrographs showing the morphology of the martensite and retained austenite (RA) in steels G1A through to G3 after water quenching from 900 ◦C. Magnification ×5000. Foils for dark field micrographs were oriented to show the “white” retained austenite. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-and-potential-roles-of-calretinin-in-rodent-3n9udocjqg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-expression-of-calretinin-in-c57bl6-wt-mice-calretinin-2boycv5q.png Fig. 3. Expression of calretinin in C57Bl6 (WT) mice, calretinin knockout (CR−/−) mice and Wistar rats spermatozoa. Western blot analysis of calretinin (29 kDa) expression in sperm protein extracts (spz) from WT and CR−/− mice (m.) and rats. Cerebellum (cereb.) extracts from WT mice, CR−/− mice and rats were used as control tissues. Anti-calretinin antibody: 214 102, Synaptic Systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-assessment-of-fertility-in-c57bl6-wt-and-calretinin-2atjwgke.png Fig. 6. Assessment of fertility in C57Bl6 (WT) and calretinin knockout (CR−/−) mice. Number of offspring per litter obtained fromWT and CR−/− mice. Results are the mean of 36 WT and 30 CR−/− breedings. Error bars refer to S.E.M. ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-an-rf-driven-argon-plasma-at-atmospheric-x327kv4hya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-different-transitions-of-ar-and-their-1p4gerbu.png TABLE II. Different transitions of Ar and their characteristics.51 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gas-temperature-determination-from-an-experimentally-2kbtrx1a.png FIG. 5. Gas temperature determination from an experimentally recorded emission spectrum of OH(A–X) and the simulated best fit for He + 17% Ar plasma operating at 12.4 W and measured at a distance of 600 µm from the powered electrode surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-of-electron-properties-te-and-ne-of-2dyqyeyc.png TABLE IV. Comparison of electron properties (Te and ne) of RFdriven capacitive Ar and He glow discharges at atmospheric pressure with a discharge power of 13.5 W and 14.0 W, respectively obtained from the continuum radiation εea fitting with the assumption of a Maxwellian EEDF and non-Maxwellian EEDF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-measured-and-simulated-normalized-densities-of-atoms-3ef32on2.png FIG. 14. Measured and simulated normalized densities of atoms in 1s2 and 1s4 resonant states in the pure Ar plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-measured-and-simulated-normalized-densities-of-atoms-3ba61rvg.png FIG. 15. Measured and simulated normalized densities of atoms in 1s2 and 1s4 resonant states in the He + 17% Ar plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-voltage-and-current-waveforms-of-the-ar-rf-glow-15ehlaki.png FIG. 8. Voltage and current waveforms of the Ar RF glow discharge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-normalized-total-emission-intensity-profiles-of-ar-and-1qito6nn.png FIG. 9. Normalized total emission intensity profiles of Ar and He RF glow discharges at discharge powers of 13.5 W and 14.0 W, respectively. The shaded regions represent the location of the grounded and the high-voltage (HV) electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-time-averaged-spatially-resolved-absolute-densities-3jgz9i06.png FIG. 13. Time-averaged spatially resolved absolute densities of atoms in 1s2, 1s3, 1s4 and 1s5 states of argon in He + 17% Ar plasma at a discharge power of 12.4 W and total gas flow rate of 1 slm. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-four-typical-calabrian-cured-meat-5f4pntzoei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-microbiological-results-of-different-calabrian-cured-2l2rivtp.png Fig. 1. Microbiological results of different Calabrian cured meat products. : CAP; : ND; : SAU; : SOP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-score-plot-of-pca-showing-separation-of-sensory-1tua7tra.png Fig. 3. Score plot of PCA showing separation of sensory variables along principal components PC1 and PC2 for soppressata https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-score-plot-of-pca-showing-separation-of-sensory-3j6es21f.png Fig. 2. Score plot of PCA showing separation of sensory variables along principal components PC1 and PC2 for spicy sausage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-score-plot-of-pca-showing-separation-of-sensory-137sl3ak.png Fig. 4. Score plot of PCA showing separation of sensory variables along principal components PC1 and PC2 for ‘nduja https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-influence-of-different-companies-and-samples-on-the-ynpr2qqn.png Table 1. Influence of different companies and samples on the chemical composition of Calabrian cured meat products https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-score-plot-of-pca-showing-separation-of-sensory-5zswh463.png Fig. 5. Score plot of PCA showing separation of sensory variables along principal components PC1 and PC2 for capocollo https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mineral-composition-mg-100-g-of-calabrian-cured-meat-s70osz4q.png Table 2. Mineral composition (mg/100 g) of Calabrian cured meat products https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-ferromagnetic-nanowires-by-partial-first-3wiomi5owr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-image-of-the-aao-template-a-and-side-view-of-1r65j2cw.png FIG. 1. SEM image of the AAO template a and side view of electrodeposited nanowires in sample D b . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-physical-and-geometrical-properties-of-the-2iooecsg.png TABLE I. Physical and geometrical properties of the ferromagnetic arrays used in the pFORC analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-five-point-first-order-reversal-curves-pforc-5-for-2u9w2cwd.png FIG. 2. Five-point first order reversal curves pFORC-5 for sample B, obtained with a field resolution H=5.6 kA/m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-positions-of-peaks-and-k-values-for-a-reference-6d2ikh9j.png TABLE II. Positions of peaks and K values for a reference value Hc,rnd of 198 kA/m. 1 and 2 are the variances of the Gaussian functions used to fit the peaks P1 and P2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bath-acidity-dependence-of-the-positions-of-the-two-1evm2b0y.png FIG. 4. Bath acidity dependence of the positions of the two peaks observed in the distribution of switching fields in electrodeposited CoFeP nanowires open circles—P1 and open triangles—P2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-switching-field-distributions-spforc-points-and-best-2h8xlo1z.png FIG. 3. Switching field distributions SpFORC points and best fit with double-peak Gaussian functions full line for samples A a , B b , C c , and D d . The positions of the peaks are indicated by vertical dashed lines. The vertical thick lines on each graph correspond to the coercive field values of 9.9 kA/m and 198 kA/m as obtained by numerical micromagnetic simulations Ref. 16 for individual Co nanowires with perpendicular and random MCA, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-geographical-and-meteorological-29ccoy25ip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-albedo-nominal-values-and-ranges-for-siose-land-2mztvnbp.png Table 2.2: Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-pasquill-stability-classes-depending-on-the-33kuqeth.png Table 2.5: Pasquill stability classes depending on the surface wind speed and the turbulence intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-continued-22xykq8q.png Table 2.2: Continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2-roughness-length-and-displacement-height-maps-of-263cn4qn.png Fig. 2.2: Roughness length and displacement height maps of Gran Canaria and La Palma islands (m) corresponding to the nominal values stated in Table 2.1 and using the mean values given in (2.1) and (2.2), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-continued-17qp3mq2.png Table 2.1: Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-values-of-the-parameters-a-and-b-to-calculate-15f1v5yo.png Table 2.4: Values of the parameters a and b to calculate Monin-Obukhov length depending on the Pasquill stability class. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-pasquill-stability-classes-depending-on-surface-3lfa8bht.png Table 2.3: Pasquill stability classes depending on surface wind speeds and isolation. Strong isolation corresponds to the typical sunny noon of the middle summer in England; light isolation, to similar conditions in middle winter. Night is referred to the period between one hour before sunset and one hour after sunrise. Neutral class D should also be used for overcast skies during the day or the night, and for any sky condition during the preceding and following night hours defined above. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-functionally-significant-coronary-artery-2xvdaivhok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatterplots-showing-pearsons-correlation-between-254um5po.png Figure 1 Scatterplots showing Pearson’s correlation between vFAI and 15O-water PET stress MBF (A) and MFR (C), as well as between vFAI and 13N-ammonia stress MBF (B) and MFR, respectively (D). All quantitative 15O-water and 13N-ammonia indices associated significantly with vFAI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-roc-curves-of-the-diagnostic-performance-of-vfai-373a63k6.png Figure 3 ROC curves of the diagnostic performance of vFAI for detecting attenuated stress MBF <_2.3 (A) or MFR <_2.5 (B) for 15O-water PET studies, and stress MBF <1.79 (C) or MFR <2 (D) for 13N-ammonia studies. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-micro-nano-rheology-properties-of-soft-2dckvvh1m8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-diagram-of-the-force-feedback-loop-1srrqi59.png Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the force feedback loop implemented to produce the haptic rendering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-and-c-surface-plots-of-the-topography-matrix-hxy-and-1fs5m3ku.png Fig. 7. (a) and (c) Surface plots of the topography matrix hxy and associated stiffness matrix kC (c) and (d) of respectively PS/LDPE sample and osteoblast cell fixed on a I shape micro-pattern obtained in fluid (air for PS/LDPE, water for the cell) by AFM PF mode with a setpoint of 15 nN, fPF = 1kHz, APF = 300 nm, scan rate of 0.5 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-immersive-application-using-oculus-rift-vr-headset-21frz6j2.png Fig. 8. The immersive application using Oculus Rift VR headset applied to LDPE/PS sample (a) and to the fixed cell (b) ; (c) Through the Novint Falcon haptic device, the user controls tip (cone shape) and feels the local sample elasticity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-cytoo-chip-consists-of-a-glass-coverslide-with-1sz1eeug.png Fig. 1. (A) The CYTOO chip consists of a glass coverslide with imprinting FN micropatterns where the cells adhere individually. The micropatterns are disposed in an array of squares, each square is labelled by a couple of letters and numbers to facilitate their localization (insert in (A)). (B) A osteoblast cell fixed on an I micropattern characterized by AFM (the gray profile) in liquid. Then the same cell is chosen and characterized in liquid by FM to identify and to localize in the volume the different cell components, namely : The F-actin cytoskeleton (C), the focal adhesions (D) and the nucleus (E). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-nanoindentation-of-a-single-cell-in-the-static-3g6is3xg.png Fig. 3. AFM nanoindentation of a single cell in the static mode over a fixed point. (A) The approach-retract cycle ; (B) The associated force curve plotting initially cantilever deflection δ in function of scanner extension Zs and the the force F according to the tip-sample separation h where hind is the maximum indentation depth, which is similar to a classical indentation curve ; (C) The force F conversion formula ; (D) The indentation depth h = Zs − δ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-afm-probe-consists-in-a-sharp-silicon-tip-at-the-3cd8qfwi.png Fig. 2. The AFM probe consists in a sharp silicon tip at the end of a flexible microcantilever (A) and (B). The tip apex is approximated like a nanosphere leading to a nanometric lateral resolution (C), the scan of the sample surface is done using a piezoelectric actuator (D). The interatomic interactions between the apex of the tip and the sample surface induce the deflection of the cantilever δ(C) and (E). The variation of the deflection during the scan is tracked by an optical detection system where a reflected laser beam over the cantilever top surface that reaches a photosensitive device (PSD) (E). In contact mode, the deflection δ is regulated according to the chosen setpoint ∆p in the initial scan parameters (E), resulting to a constant distance between the apex of the tip and the sample surface revealing its topography (F) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-piezoelectric-scanner-drives-the-clamp-part-of-2ifd8aru.png Fig. 4. (A) The piezoelectric scanner drives the clamp part of the cantilever (point A1) while the detection system records the deformation of the free end of the cantilever (point A2). (B) Signal excitation characteristics required to drive the cantilever out of its resonance f0 ; me and care respectively the effective mass of the cantilever and the damping factor due to the fluid surrounding(C1) ; A sinusoidal signal (frequency fPF and amplitude APF ) is applied on the piezoelectric scanner to move up and down the cantilever, (C2) Tip position signal is recorded during the sinusoidal movement ; (D) Full force-time curve recorded through the cantilever deformation : the approach curve (blue) exhibits the snap-in to contact (point B) following by the indentation phase reaching its maximum at the setpoint (phase BC) following by the retract curve (red) where the tip-sample force decreases until the snap-out of contact (point D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-viscoelastic-contact-model-used-for-the-2j7g637i.png Fig. 5. The viscoelastic contact model used for the implementation of the haptic device. Note that the two other axis are similar. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-testing-locations-for-developing-cool-2h6na9k0yd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-biplot-display-of-the-discriminating-power-versus-20ldhk92.png Figure 3. Biplot display of the discriminating power versus representativeness of each location on a species and trait combination basis based on the GGE model (tester-centered based on standard error standardized data) of GGEBiplot (A) crested wheatgrass stand frequency, (B) crested wheatgrass forage production, (C) intermediate wheatgrass stand frequency, (D) intermediate wheatgrass forage production, (E) smooth bromegrass stand frequency, and (F) smooth bromegrass forage production. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plant-adaptation-regions-of-the-northern-great-j1olrrj2.png Figure 1. Plant adaptation regions of the Northern Great Plains and Intermountain regions of the USA, with identifi ers for each location included in the study. PAR 251,4: Prairie Parkland (Temperate) Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 4; PAR 251,5: Prairie Parkland (Temperate) Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 5; PAR 331,3: Great Plains–Palouse Dry Steppe Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 3; PAR 331,4: Great Plains– Palouse Dry Steppe Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 4; PAR M331,4: Southern Rocky Mountain Steppe, Open Woodland, Coniferous Forest, Alpine Meadow Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 4; PAR 342,5: Intermountain Semidesert Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-display-of-actual-precipitation-levels-mm-for-each-23dfs7rj.png Figure 2. Display of actual precipitation levels (mm) for each year of the study (1999–2003) and the 30-yr mean precipitation level for each location with LSD bars for comparisons among years at the same location. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-organic-materials-in-civil-engineering-1an80i1vxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-2-variation-of-the-penetrability-logarithm-236z2fzj.png Figure 25.2. Variation of the penetrability logarithm according to the softening point of two same grade bitumens aged on the road and in the laboratory https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-1-ni-v-s-and-p-contents-in-four-special-bitumens-a-2isqjjh0.png Table 25.1. Ni, V, S and P contents in four “special” bitumens (A, B, C, D) and “traditional” bitumen (R) determined by ICP-AES https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-4-origin-and-behavior-with-the-addition-of-app-to-1kguyxub.png Table 25.4. Origin and behavior with the addition of APP to the studied bitumens https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-4-irtf-spectra-in-atr-mode-for-the-surface-coats-25mw757k.png Figure 25.4. IRTF spectra in ATR mode for the surface coats of urethane-alkyd paint witnesses, aged naturally over 12 months in Florida, and located at a depth of approximately 10 µm of the aged paint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-5-chromatograms-of-commercial-pns-and-pms-21eqhqze.png Figure 25.5. Chromatograms of commercial PNS and PMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-6-attribution-of-the-main-absorption-bands-of-the-2wxnxs8v.png Table 25.6. Attribution of the main absorption bands of the IRTF spectra, polyurethane, urethane-acrylic, and urethane-alkyd paints https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-2-separation-into-generic-families-by-iatroscan-and-3r0zf2ay.png Table 25.2. Separation into generic families by IATROSCAN and asphaltene content precipitated by N-heptane https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-5-attribution-of-the-main-absorption-bands-read-on-3nd5t81h.png Table 25.5. Attribution of the main absorption bands read on IRTF spectra, chlorinated rubber paints(ν: elongation vibration; δ: strain vibration) https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-mo-si-multilayer-growth-on-stepped-vuaqftjatt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-increase-in-ait-reflection-profiles-near-i48qfvhg.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Increase in AIT reflection profiles near step-edges plotted against wavelength. IMD caluclations (lines) and data shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-deposition-geometry-and-1ggmx1cg.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematic deposition geometry and recursive layer profiles for anisotropic layer growth into n * 1 and n * 2. (*) Indicates step-edge under study. Thin (red) lines are interpolated data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-normalized-sputter-yield-eq-3-for-45-3ojvlqbn.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Normalized sputter yield [Eq. (3)] for 45 angle of incidence ions relative to the 0 surface tangent, with sample rotation (azimuthally averaged) and without. In the case of no rotation, ions propagate parallel to the surface for þ45 surface tangent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-continuum-model-parameters-as-used-in-the-simulation-1jhsm0ek.png TABLE I. Continuum model parameters as used in the simulation. Errors relate to uncertainties in experiment and data extraction from the cs-TEM graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-section-tem-graphs-of-mo-si-multilayers-on-lpwe90oy.png FIG. 3. Cross section TEM graphs of Mo/Si multilayers on cleaved Si wafers. Boundaries zone (i)-(ii)-(iii) indicated by the lines. (a) adepo ¼ 2.65 , (b) adepo ¼ 3.95 , (c)–(d) details step-edge side unexposed and exposed to deposition flux, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-comparison-of-simulations-and-data-for-3czogy8p.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Comparison of simulations and data for model parameters in Table I. Cross section TEM data details 4(a) and 4(b) were obtained from the overview graphs in Fig. 3(a) and 3(b), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-normalized-layer-profiles-based-on-3h0y2t0n.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Normalized layer profiles based on parameters in Table I. (a)–(b) Various bilayer number (N). (c)–(d) Various ion-sputtered thickness for N¼ 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-reflectometry-data-a-wavelength-scans-far-n8b52ui8.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Reflectometry data, (a) wavelength scans far from the sample edge (b) AIT normalized reflection profiles at step-edge region. https://scispace.com/papers/characterization-of-two-dimensional-finite-aperture-wire-15k7omo0h4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-transmission-coefficient-and-b-extinction-ratio-as-a-2muhv3xg.png Fig. 6. ~a! Transmission coefficient and ~b! extinction ratio as a function of fill factor and polarizer thickness ~aperture size is infinite, 5 slitsyl, M 5 5!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transmitted-diffraction-pattern-for-a-polarizer-with-3ntsdkgv.png Fig. 4. Transmitted diffraction pattern for a polarizer with three different aperture sizes ~D 5 0, 5 slitsyl, fill factor is 0.4, M 5 5!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transmission-coefficient-as-a-function-of-aperture-obvu4xn1.png Fig. 3. Transmission coefficient as a function of aperture size for several values of polarizer thickness ~fill factor is 0.4, 5 slitsyl, M 5 5!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-transmission-coefficient-and-b-extinction-ratio-as-a-2m9ut8fs.png Fig. 5. ~a! Transmission coefficient and ~b! extinction ratio as a function of slit density and fill factor ~D 5 0, aperture size is 2l, M 5 10!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-transmitted-diffraction-pattern-for-a-polarizer-with-zzduww0k.png Fig. 7. Transmitted diffraction pattern for a polarizer with three different values of thickness ~aperture size is 2l, 5 slitsyl, fill factor is 0.4, M 5 5!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-for-a-plane-wave-incident-upon-the-8ei56qhg.png Fig. 1. Geometry for a plane wave incident upon the finiteaperture wire polarizer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-transmission-coefficient-and-b-extinction-ratio-as-a-2yb0cx54.png Fig. 8. ~a! Transmission coefficient and ~b! extinction ratio as a function of relative permittivity of region 1 for several values of relative permittivity of regions 2 and 3 ~D 5 0.1l, fill factor is 0.4, aperture size is 2l, 5 slitsyl, M 5 5!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-normalized-transmission-coefficient-and-b-1qngyumf.png Fig. 10. ~a! Normalized transmission coefficient and ~b! extinction ratio as a function of plane-wave incidence angle for several aperture sizes ~D 5 0.1l, fill factor is 0.4, 5 slitsyl, M 5 5!. https://scispace.com/papers/characterizing-a549-cell-line-as-an-epithelial-cell-2upz4c8hkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-static-transwell-3mxrii1x.png Fig. 1. A schematic illustration of the static Transwell experimental setup; fluorescent molecules were introduced into the uppercompartment media diffusing for 2 hours into the bottomcompartment media across the membrane, with and without an A549 cell monolayer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-photograph-of-a-fabricated-microfluidic-device-used-1oeyze7b.png Fig. 3. A photograph of a fabricated microfluidic device used in the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bright-field-images-of-a-confluent-a549-cell-monolayer-1cg6lx8q.png Fig. 2. Bright-field images of a confluent A549 cell monolayer cultured in a Transwell insert after: (a) one, and (b) eight postseeding days exhibiting similar cuboidal morphology typical for epithelial cells (40x). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-steady-state-molecular-concentration-at-the-bottom-2q8zmn0q.png Fig. 8. Steady-state molecular concentration at the bottom channel exit, for three selected molecules, with and without the presence of a confluent A549 cell culture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-steady-state-concentration-of-lucifer-yellow-at-the-1g4rn3is.png Fig. 7. Steady-state concentration of Lucifer yellow at the bottom channel exit as a function of the post-seeding days of the A549 cell culture in the microfluidic device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bright-field-images-a-40x-and-b-120x-of-a-confluent-w840dh53.png Fig. 4. Bright-field images: (a) 40x, and (b) 120x of a confluent A549 cell monolayer cultured in a microfluidic device after 7 postseeding days; similar morphology was observed after 1 postseeding day (not shown). https://scispace.com/papers/characterizing-compatibility-of-timed-choreography-1bc9aeyfka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-screenshot-of-ctp2uta-tool-33eyay5s.png Figure 18. Screenshot of CTP2UTA tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-incompatible-timed-asynchronous-services-1v51tle3.png Figure 4. Incompatible timed asynchronous services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-abstraction-of-data-constraints-2eibpl5w.png Figure 12. Abstraction of data constraints https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-timed-incompatibility-due-to-the-difference-between-69lag72q.png Figure 5. Timed incompatibility due to the difference between the clocks values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-full-incompatibility-3en9usor.png Figure 10. Full incompatibility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-defining-final-states-in-timed-automata-handled-by-tnfkmube.png Figure 15. Defining final states in timed automata handled by UPPAAL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-uppaal-automata-resulting-from-the-abstraction-3l4qjwz0.png Figure 16. UPPAAL automata resulting from the abstraction process of the egovernment scenario services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-untimed-compatible-asynchronous-web-services-1ts4iwqx.png Figure 3. Untimed compatible asynchronous Web services https://scispace.com/papers/characterizing-electrode-reactions-by-multisampling-the-ghx9k5pphq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-quasireversible-electrode-reaction-of-a-surface-3vb7dkqb.png Fig. 5. (A) Quasireversible electrode reaction of a surface confined redox couple. The dependence of the real net peak current of multisampled SW voltammograms on the time increments, for the standard rate constant of log(ks,sur/s 1) = 10 (a); 15 (b), and 25 (c) for a = 0.5. The other conditions are the same as for Fig. 2. (B) Quasireversible maximum of multisampled SW voltammograms. The dependence of the product DIpts vs. log(ts) for the same data as in panel A. The inset shows the relationship between the surface standard rate constant and the critical sampling time associated with the quasireversible maximum shown on the main panel. (C) The dependence of the forward-tobackward peak potential separation as a function of the time increments for the standard rate constant of log(ks,sur/s 1) = 10 (a); 20 (b), and 30 (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quasireversible-electrode-reaction-of-a-surface-tvsizgzv.png Fig. 6. Quasireversible electrode reaction of a surface confined redox couple. Evolution of the multisampled dimensionless SW voltammograms (C = I/(nFAG *f)) for a sampling time of ts = 30 (a); 40 (b) and 50 ms (c). The standard rate constant is ks,sur = 35 s 1, electron transfer coefficient a = 0.5 and frequency f = 10 Hz. The other parameters of the potential modulation are the same as for Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-net-sw-voltammograms-simulated-for-a-reversible-1w0et4s2.png Fig. 2. (A) Net SW voltammograms simulated for a reversible electrode reaction of a disso each potential pulse (in the arrow direction). The conditions of the simulations are: n = 1, D and T = 291.15 K. The full duration of a single potential pulse is 50 ms. The inset shows the 50 ms (red). (B) The variation of the net peak current as a function of the sampling time fo The same data from panel (B) plotted in a log-log relationship. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-the-best-fit-between-the-theoretical-circles-right-2wn8gqxk.png Fig. 8. (A) The best fit between the theoretical (circles; right ordinate) and experimental (triangles; left ordinate) data for the dependence of the sampling time normalized net peak current of multisampled voltammograms of azobenzene as a function of the logarithm of the sampling time. The experimental conditions for azobenzene are: c = 2 mmol L 1, accumulation time tacc = 60 s, and equilibrium time teq = 10 s, recorded in a phosphate buffer at pH = 4.8. Theoretical data are simulated for ks,sur = 2.34 s 1 and a = 0.5. Parameters of the potential modulation for both simulations and experiments are f = 8 Hz (tp = 62.5 ms), Esw = 50 mV, and DE = 5 mV. (B) The best fit between the theoretical (circles) and experimental (triangles) data for the dependence of the voltammetric components peak potential separation of multisampled voltammograms of azobenzene as a function of the logarithm of the sampling time. The best fit found for ks,sur = 2.85 s 1. All other conditions are identical as for panel (A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ec-catalytic-mechanism-of-solution-resident-species-305tv0xk.png Fig. 4. EC’ catalytic mechanism of solution resident species. The log-log dependence of the net peak current on the sampling time, for the catalytic rate constant of log (kc/s 1) = 5 (a); 0 (b), 1 (c); 1.25 (d) and 1.5 (e). The electron transfer coefficient is a = 0.5 and the standard rate constant of the electrode reaction is ks = 10 cm s 1. The other conditions are the same as for Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/characterizing-the-incidence-of-adverse-events-of-special-2ey267qdnb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-included-populations-stratified-2meyp9ca.png Table 1: Demographics of the included populations, stratified by database https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-age-sex-stratified-incidence-rates-overall-and-per-1xq0cjuo.png Figure 1: Age-sex stratified incidence rates, overall and per database, for 15 adverse events of special interest https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pooled-estimated-age-sex-stratified-incidence-rates-3e366xoc.png Table 2. Pooled estimated age-sex stratified incidence rates per 100,00 person-years (with 95% confidence intervals), calculated from meta-analyses. https://scispace.com/papers/charge-carrier-cooling-bottleneck-opens-up-nonexcitonic-gain-1b9566r9st 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-explaining-the-effect-of-a-phonon-209vhwmg.png Figure 4. (a) Schematic explaining the effect of a phonon emission bottleneck on the various stages (1), (2) of exciton formation in a low (left) and high (right) density regime and the associated SE pathways. (b) Normalized PL for increasing pump fluence, 2.5 ps after photoexcitation with 400 nm (3.1 eV). The dashed fits indicate a Boltzmann approximation to the decaying high-energy tail of the PL, the latter delineated by the vertical solid line. The thus extracted temperatures are labeled on the traces from 300 K (black) to 1200 K (red). Dotted black line is the free charge carrier transition CHH, see also Figure 1b. (c) Dynamics of carrier temperature for various excitation densities. Solid lines are restricted fits, see main text. (d) Calculated intrinsic absorption coefficient of the HH associated free carrier transition for increased carrier density. The dashed red line shows the result at the highest density combined with a BGR of 150 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-gain-at-high-carrier-density-after-10lo3tzj.png Figure 2. Optical gain at high carrier density after excitation with 400 nm. (a) 2D time−wavelength map of the intrinsic absorption coefficient μi (cm−1) for ⟨N⟩ = 84 where we limit the color scale to negative values showing net gain: gi = −μi > 0. The vertical line indicates the position of the HH exciton resonance. (b) 2D time−wavelength map of the PL taken at the same excitation density as (a). Black trace is the spontaneous emission for ⟨N⟩≪ 1. (c) Intrinsic absorption coefficients taken 2.5 ps after photoexcitation with a 400 nm pump pulse for densities ranging from 4.6 to 112 excitations per platelet. (d) Material gain spectra gi for the same carrier densities as (c). (e) Required ⟨N⟩ to achieve transparency, μi(2.5 ps) = 0, as function of wavelength. Optical gain is achieved at 4.1 and 35 in the red- and blue-shifted gain regimes respectively. (f) PL at 2.5 ps for increasing pair density from 4.7 to 78. The inset shows the fwhm wavelengths of the PL spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-5-ml-colloidal-cdse-quantum-wells-a-pl-blue-and-hgtjrjgz.png Figure 1. 4.5 ML colloidal CdSe quantum wells (a) PL (blue) and linear absorption spectrum (black) of the CdSe nanoplatelets dispersed in nhexane, where the latter is normalized to represent the intrinsic absorption coefficient μi,0. 48 Inset: TEM image showing an average lateral area of 34 × 10 nm2 and no signs of stacking. (b) Absorption spectrum vs photon energy, decomposed into free carrier (C, dashed) and exciton (X, solid) contributions, both originating from the HH (red) and LH (blue) valence bands. Inset depicts the free carrier and exciton transitions. (c) Map of Δμi, in cm−1, for 400 nm photoexcitation creating ⟨N⟩ = 84 as function of time (vertical axis) and probe wavelength (horizontal axis). The gray vertical lines indicate the position of the HH and LH exciton resonances. The white dashed contour indicates the regions where |Δμi| > μi,0, that is, where net optical gain occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thz-spectroscopy-a-real-positive-traces-and-1kdforn9.png Figure 3. THz spectroscopy (a) real (positive traces) and imaginary (negative traces) components of the THz conductivity as a function of time after photoexcitation with ⟨N⟩ equal to 6 and 53. The optical bleach at the HH exciton transition at comparable densities is shown for comparison with the imaginary THz conductivity. (b) Measured real (red circles) and imaginary (blue squares) THz conductivity averaged between 6 and 10 ps after photoexcitation as a function of ⟨N⟩, together with fitted results from the Saha model (solid lines). Inset below shows a schematic depiction of the interexciton distance for this density range. (c) Reduction of normalized HH oscillator strength (red circles) and HH spectral shift ΔE (blue triangles), normalized to the HH binding energy, for increasing carrier density. https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-and-ultrastructural-changes-in-compound-middle-qa8j15jnkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-detection-of-xylan-lm11-and-mannan-lm22-epitopes-in-1dg7g6nw.png Figure 7 Detection of xylan (LM11) and mannan (LM22) epitopes in silver fir (a, c, d, and f) and Norway spruce (b and e) TMW4 h, 220°C tracheids. Note significant reduction of xylan (d and e) and mannan (f) epitopes in CMLcc regions of TMW tracheids (d–f) compared with untreated tracheids (a–c). Scale bar = 500 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-ultrastructure-of-kmno4-stained-cmlcc-2px6ed3d.png Figure 3 Changes in ultrastructure of KMnO4 stained CMLcc regions of silver fir (a) and Norway spruce (b) TMW4 h, 220°C tracheids. Note the formation of electron dense particulates (arrows in a and b) in CMLcc regions of TMW tracheids. Insets show CMLcc regions of untreated silver fir (a) and Norway spruce (b) tracheids. Scale bar = 500 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-detection-of-xyloglucan-lm15-in-silver-fir-and-1kfvvk4t.png Figure 6 Detection of xyloglucan (LM15) in silver fir and Norway spruce TMW4 h, 220°C. Note significant reduction of epitopes in CMLcc regions of silver fir (d–f) and Norway spruce (g–i) TMW tracheids (T) and ray cells (R) compared with untreated references (a–c). Scale bar = 500 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detection-of-1-4-b-galactan-lm5-and-galactan-and-1-28vr4beu.png Figure 4 Detection of (1→4)-β-galactan (LM5 and galactan) and (1→5)-α-arabinan (LM6 and arabinan) in silver fir and Norway spruce TMW4 h, 220°C. Note the significant reduction of galactan epitopes in CMLcc regions and outer ray cell walls of silver fir (d–f) and Norway spruce (g–i) TMW tracheids (T) and ray cells (R) compared with untreated parts (a–c). Arabinan epitopes in CMLcc regions of silver fir (k) and Norway spruce (l) TMW tracheids were also absent despite of their abundant presence in untreated references (j). Scale bar = 500 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histochemical-observations-of-norway-spruce-tmw4-h-je8axyvj.png Figure 1 Histochemical observations of Norway spruce TMW4 h, 220°C. In TMW, the native color of wood is changed from white (a) to orange/reddish color (c and d). Lignin-rich CMLcc regions show stronger orange/reddish color than secondary walls (c and d) in tracheids. After staining with toluidine blue, the typical color of lignified tracheid secondary walls (blue) and CMLcc regions (dark blue) (b) changed into greenish (e and f) and orange/yellowish (arrows in e and f) in TMW, respectively. Note the disintegration or uneven surface of innermost tracheid cell walls (lumen side, c–f) and the formation of small regular cracks in latewood (arrowheads in d and f) in TMW. Scale bar = 10 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-detection-of-homogalacturonan-hg-and-lm20-in-silver-zja74dbw.png Figure 5 Detection of homogalacturonan (HG and LM20) in silver fir and Norway spruce TMW4 h, 220°C. HG epitopes are absent in CMLcc regions and bordered pit membranes (M) of silver fir (e–h) and Norway spruce (i–l) TMW tracheids (T) and ray cells (R), but they are abundant in untreated references (a–d). Scale bar = 500 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-lignin-distribution-and-kmno4-staining-12anxlcf.png Figure 2 Changes in lignin distribution and KMnO4 staining in silver fir TMW4 h, 220°C. Note the stronger staining intensity in secondary walls and CMLcc regions of TMW tracheids (T) and ray cells (R) (d–f) compared to the untreated references (a–c) and loss and reduction in size of warts in TMW (a and d). Scale bar = 1 μm (a, b, d, and e) and 500 nm (c and f). https://scispace.com/papers/chasing-butterflies-in-search-of-efficient-dictionaries-3ikqm04xm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-image-denoising-results-averaged-over-the-standard-2dxufd7m.png Table 1. Image denoising results, averaged over the standard image database taken from [22] (12 standard grey 512× 512 images). The best result of each column is bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hierarchical-factorization-of-the-hadamard-matrix-of-ap14b6ky.png Fig. 2. Hierarchical factorization of the Hadamard matrix of size 32 × 32. The matrix is iteratively factorized in 2 factors, until we have Q = 5 factors, each having p = 64 non-zero entries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-denoising-result-it-is-a-zoom-on-a-small-2mo67778.png Fig. 1. Example of denoising result. It is a zoom on a small part of the “house” standard image. https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-analysis-of-eight-giant-stars-of-the-globular-3aub5jjm91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-atomic-line-list-wavelength-ionization-state-integer-1a9bbfof.png Table 2. Atomic line list: wavelength, ionization state (integer part: atomic number; decimal part: .0 for neutral and .1 for single ionized species), atomic parameters χ and log gf and EWs for each star. This table is published in its entirety in the electronic edition of the paper. See the text for sources of the atomic parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-line-by-line-abundances-obtained-by-the-spectral-fvpm5pwr.png Table 3. Line-by-line abundances obtained by the spectral synthesis method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-program-stars-coordinates-distance-to-the-geometric-3ng7vmzo.png Table 1. Program stars, coordinates, distance to the geometric centre of the GC and photometry used (see the text for references). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-finding-chart-for-ngc6366-with-the-sample-stars-26as1qai.png Figure 1. Finding chart for NGC6366 with the sample stars labeled. The dashed and solid circumferences delimit, respectively, the core radius and the half-light radius, taken from Harris (1996, 2010 edition). Image from the Digitized Sky Survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-atmospheric-parameters-obtained-1nngd1cq.png Figure 6. Comparison between atmospheric parameters obtained by spectroscopic (x-axis) and photometric (y-axis) methods. Red circles: photometric parameters derived from the (V−K) calibration. Blue triangles: photometric parameters derived from the (J−K) calibration.Dashed lines: identity function. Dotted lines: limits of the spectroscopic uncertainties adopted in this work (see Section 2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivities-to-1s-variation-of-the-atmospheric-27fl8je4.png Table 4. Sensitivities to 1σ variation of the atmospheric parameters in the abundance ratios in stars 01 and 18. See the text for uncertainties in the atmospheric parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-kinematic-results-1q6tikud.png Table 5. Kinematic results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-x-fe-abundance-ratios-for-light-elements-red-filled-7rsr4m8c.png Figure 9. [X/Fe] abundance ratios for light elements.Red -filled circles: this work.Red open circles: NGC6366 from Johnson et al. (2016).Blue squares: NGC6266 (Yong et al. 2014). Green diamonds: NGC6558 (Barbuy et al. 2007). Black dots: 47 Tuc (Alves-Brito et al. 2005; Carretta et al. 2009a). Cyan dots: M 71 (Carretta et al. 2009a). Black -filled triangles: NGC2808 and Black open triangles: NGC7078 (Carretta et al. 2009b). The error bars are typical for this work. The dashed lines are the borders between P, I, and E components (see the text for discussion). https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-front-propagation-in-periodic-flows-fkpp-versus-g-3rcpdyalov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-asymptotic-expressions-for-the-front-speed-of-fk-mr6fioq5.png Table 1.1 Asymptotic expressions for the front speed of (FK) and (G) in the basic cellular flow ((1.8) with A = U = 0) for small and large ‘bare’ speed c0 = 2 √ Da/Pe. The difference between the two front speeds is asymptotically small in both limits (see Sec. 4.1 for details). All variables are non-dimensional. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-color-online-streamlines-thin-black-lines-of-the-34sv75q8.png Fig. 4.1. (Color online). Streamlines (thin black lines) of the closed cellular flow with streamfunction (1.8) and U = A = 0. and corresponding periodic trajectories for (FK) (minimising (3.9), thick blue lines) and (G) (minimising (3.12), thick red lines) obtained numerically for c0 = 0.1, c0 = 1 and c0 = 10. The trajectories become closer to the straight line y = π/2 as c0 increases at which point the difference between the two sets of trajectories is minimal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3-color-online-streamlines-thin-black-lines-of-the-15eatoxe.png Fig. 4.3. (Color online). Streamlines (thin black lines) of the closed cellular flow with streamfunction (1.8) with A 6= 0 and U = 0 (top row) and with A = 0 and U 6= 0 (middle and bottom rows), and corresponding periodic trajectories for (FK) (minimising (3.9), thick blue lines) and (G) (minimising (3.12), thick red lines). For the top and middle rows, the minimising trajectories are plotted for c0 = 0.1, 1 and 10 (cf. Figure 4.1 for A = U = 0). For panel (e), with U = −0.1, there is no right-propagating (G) front for c0 = 0.1 and the three values c0 = 0.11, 1 and 10 have been used. For panel (f), with U = −0.5, there are no right-propagating (FK) and (G) fronts for c0 = 0.01 and the values c0 = 0.19, 1 and 10 have been used; there is no right-propagating (G) front for c0 = 0.19. Note that the (FK) and (G) trajectories are often indistinguishable for the larger values of c0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2-color-online-comparison-between-numerical-and-9q5k9s88.png Fig. 4.2. (Color online). Comparison between numerical and asymptotic results of the front speed c associated with equations (G) (in blue) and (FK) (in red). The numerical results are derived from the minimisation of (3.9) (solid blue line) and (3.12) (solid red line). These are juxtaposed against (left) the small-c0 approximations (4.6) (dashed blue line) and (4.11) (dashed red line) and (right) the large-c0 approximations (4.15) (dashed blue line) and (4.18) (dashed red line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-5-color-online-effect-of-the-flow-with-streamfunction-1bst6c0a.png Fig. 4.5. (Color online). Effect of the flow with streamfunction (1.8) on the (left column) difference and (right column) relative difference between the front speed cFK associated with equation (FK) and the front speed cG associated with equation (G). These are plotted as a function of the bare speed c0 for (top row) various values of A with U = 0 and (middle and bottom rows) various values of U with A = 0. The values of cFK and cG are respectively derived from the numerical minimisation of the variational principles (3.9) and (3.12). As c0 → −U > 0, cG → 0+ so that the relative difference tends to 1− (bottom right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-streamlines-for-the-cellular-flow-with-3ugggu16.png Fig. 1.1. Streamlines for the cellular flow with streamfunction (1.8) for (a) U = 0, A = 0, (b) U = 0, A = 1, (c) U = 0.1, A = 0 and (d) U = −0.5, A = 0. For U = 0, all streamlines are closed. When U 6= 0, there is a channel of open streamlines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-4-color-online-front-speed-cfk-associated-with-vcvi0iwr.png Fig. 4.4. (Color online). Front speed cFK associated with equation (FK) plotted as a function of the bare speed c0 for the flow with streamfunction (1.8) for (top row) various values of A with U = 0 and (bottom row) for various values of U with A = 0 (cFK is shifted by U). The insets focus on the small-c0 behaviour of cFK (solid lines) and (left) how this compares with c+(U) obtained from (4.19) (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-risk-in-the-footwear-industry-23uh8ybqje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-2-burnout-pf-fxvchx8w.png Table 3. Model 2: Burnout (PF) https://scispace.com/papers/chemical-modification-of-glycerinated-stalks-shows-tyrosine-3off1a859u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ca-2-protection-of-the-spasmoneme-against-modification-2a7wxs01.png Fig. 6. Ca 2+ protection of the spasmoneme against modification by TNM. Stalks were pre-incubated with 2 mM Ca 2+ ( ). Stalks were not pre-incubated with Ca 2+ (□ ). Data points are means ± standard errors (N = 100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-native-page-12-5-of-the-spasmin-in-the-presence-and-3kkyyz03.png Fig. 7. Native PAGE (12.5%) of the spasmin in the presence and absence of Ca 2+ without (A)and with Ca 2+ pre-incubation (B). A: Lane 1: Native spasmin and 2 mM Ca 2+ ; Lane 2: Native spasmin and 2 mM EGTA; Lane 3: Native spasmin modified with 100 m M TNM and 2 mM Ca2+ (Ca 2+ was added after TNM); Lane 4: Native spasmin modified with 100 m M TNM and 2 mM EGTA (EGTA was added after TNM). B: Lane 1: Native spasmin and 2 mM Ca 2+ ; Lane 2: Native spasmin and 2 mM EGTA; Lane 3: Native spasmin modified with 100 m M TNM and 2 mM Ca 2+ (Ca 2+ was added before TNM); Lane 4: Native spasmin modified with 100 m M TNM and 2 mM EGTA (EGTA was added before TNM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-ph-in-the-presence-of-200-m-m-tnm-and-34jm6mn7.png Fig. 4. Effect of pH in the presence of 200 m M TNM (■ ) and absence of TNM (▲ ). Data points are means ± standard errors (N = 100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-dacm-concentration-a-and-period-of-treatment-2h6zck05.png Fig. 5. Effect of DACM concentration (A) and period of treatment with 500 m M DACM (B) on spasmoneme contraction. Data points are means ± standard errors (N = 100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-tyrosine-residue-that-reacts-with-tnm-1o1bxmqu.png Fig. 1. Scheme of tyrosine residue that reacts with TNM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-tnm-concentration-on-the-contractibility-of-1v4wb63h.png Fig. 3. Effect of TNM concentration on the contractibility of the spasmoneme. Data points are means ± standard errors (N = 100). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contraction-and-extension-of-stalk-of-vorticella-sp-a-3topk94i.png Fig. 2. Contraction and extension of stalk of Vorticella sp. A: Glycerinated stalks were incubated with Ca 2+ -free solution (2 mM EGTA, 0.1 M KCl, and 20 mM imidazole, pH 6.8); B: Glycerinated stalks were incubated with Stalk Contraction Solution (2mM Ca 2+ , 0.1 M KCl, and 20 mM imidazole, pH 6.8). Bar = 100 m m https://scispace.com/papers/chemiresistors-based-on-ultrathin-gold-nanowires-for-sensing-29ghsolnhy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-image-of-gold-nws-on-si-sio2-substrate-39961f88.png Fig. 3. AFM image of gold NWs on Si/SiO2 substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-current-voltage-dependences-obtained-for-a-2z21uvx1.png Fig. 5. Current-voltage dependences obtained for a chemiresistor chip with 600 nm distance between the contact electrodes and 5 µm distances from the adjacent contact electrode pairs. The data refer to the electrodes in contact with the ambient air, with 1 mM NaF, and with NaCl solutions. The inset shows the RR values vs. logarithm of the NaCl concentration (average data for the whole chip). Triangles in the inset refer to current-voltage dependences shown in the main figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-current-voltage-dependences-obtained-for-a-29z5pes9.png Fig. 6. Current-voltage dependences obtained for a chemiresistor chip with 600 nm distance between the contact electrodes and 5 µm distances from the adjacent contact electrode pairs. The data refer to the electrodes in contact with the ambient air, with 1 mM NaF, and with NaBr https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variation-in-the-electrical-resistance-r-r-of-the-au-3mgwx1dj.png Table 1. Variation in the electrical resistance (∆R/R) of the Au nanowire devices after exposure to halides, pyridine and dopamine solutions. Value n refers to the number of the measurements used to obtain the average and the standard deviation of the ∆R/R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-current-voltage-dependences-obtained-for-a-22jqir80.png Fig 8. Current-voltage dependences obtained for a chemiresistor chip with a 800 nm distance between the contact electrodes and 5 µm distances from the adjacent contact electrode pairs. The data refer to the electrodes in contact with PB and with PB + Dopamine solutions. The inset shows the RR values vs. logarithm of the dopamine concentration (average data for the whole chip). Triangles in the inset refer to current-voltage dependences shown in the main figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-image-of-the-gold-nws-directly-synthesized-on-the-39xkl9du.png Fig. 4. SEM image of the gold NWs directly synthesized on the chip surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-chip-overview-left-the-chip-central-part-with-the-lhbd9cf5.png Fig. 1. The chip overview (left), the chip central part with the pairs of contact electrodes (middle) and a pair of contact electrodes (right). Green lines show the channel in the PMMA insulation layer, which was opened after the chip insulation and where the NWs were in contact with an electrolyte solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-current-voltage-dependences-obtained-for-a-2utwwfws.png Fig. 7. Current-voltage dependences obtained for a chemiresistor chip with 600 nm distance between the contact electrodes and 5 µm distances from the adjacent contact electrode pairs. The data refer to the electrodes in contact with the ambient air, with 1 mM NaF, and with pyridine solutions. The inset shows the RR values vs. logarithm of the pyridine concentration (average data for the whole chip). Triangles in the inset refer to current-voltage dependences shown in the main figure. https://scispace.com/papers/chemophoresis-engine-universal-principle-of-atpase-driven-5els7zhqbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemophoresis-engine-can-recapitulate-equi-1ab05s7w.png Figure 1: Chemophoresis engine can recapitulate equi-positioning, directed movement, and pole-to-pole oscillation. (A) Schematic representation of the chemophoresis engine. A plasmid moves in a 3-dimensional space r ∈ X3 (3 = 1 or 2). ParA-ATP (green sphere) binds a partition complex (PC, magenta sphere) on the plasmid at position r = /8 . ParA-ATP molecules interact with ParB molecules (white spheres), which stimulate ParA ATPase activity at a catalytic rate. Because ParA cannot bind PC when it is not combined with ATP, free ParA products (blue sphere) are released from the PC immediately after ATP hydrolysis. Through this reaction on PCi at r = /8 , each plasmid acts as a sink for ParA-ATP and induces a concentration gradient of this protein. (B) One-dimensional case, on a nucleoid matrix along the long cell axis where a plasmid 8(1 ≤ 8 ≤ ") is positioned at G = b8 ∈ [0, !]. (C) The dynamics change among thermal motion, steady center-positioning, and directed movement followed by oscillatory mode as j increases among j = 0.5 (C1), j = 2.5 (C2), and j = 10 (C3) (two inner figures). (C1) The plasmid slightly tends to be localized at the cell center but it is still dominated by thermal fluctuations for " = 1 and j := :#/+ = 0.5. (C2) It is stably localized at the cell center for " = 1 and j = 2.5, and (C3) it shows directed movement, reflection at the end walls, and pole-to-pole oscillation for " = 1 and j = 10. The corresponding ParA-ATP pattern dynamics also change among stochastic, steady center-positioning, and oscillatory waves (left). The oscillatory behavior of plasmids does not disrupt time-averaged center-positioning, but steady center-positioning of plasmids are sustained (Compare (C2) right and (C3), right). 3 = 0.1, Y = 5, and ! = 5. The distributions (right) were generated using 107 samples over 105 time step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chemophoresis-engine-mathematically-validates-2alrqtli.png Figure 2: Chemophoresis engine mathematically validates plasmid surfing on the traveling wave of ParA-ATP. (A) Steady velocity (E) profile of plasmid movement for 0 < j < 10 and 0 < n < 10 without thermal fluctuations. The plasmid starts moving above a critical curve on the j − n plane. The white dotted line shows a parameter region in Fig. 2B. The magenta dots at (j, Y) = (2.5, 5), (10, 5) corresponds to parameter values for the steady solutions shown in Fig. 2C. 3 = 0.001, # = 40, and ! = 40. (B) Relationship between E and j in analytical (green for E ≠ 0 and purple solid line for E = 0) for Eq. S3 and S4, and simulated (red dots) solutions for Eq. 3 and 4 (Supporting Materials and Methods). Solutions for directed movement (|E | > 0) emerge at j = j2 ∼ 3.1 as a result of a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation, whereas a solution for localization (E = 0) exists over 0 ≤ j ≤ 10. 3 = 0.001, # = 40, and ! = 40. (C) Analytical solutions of the ParA-ATP pattern *BC (I) in localization (purple) at j = 2.5 and directed movement (green) at j = 10 for Eq. S6 and S7 (Supporting Materials and Methods). The inset figure shows an enlarged view of*BC (I) for I/! ∈ [−0.02 : 0.02]. The plasmid location is fixed at the origin (I = 0) on the space-time coordinates. 3 = 0.001, # = 40, and ! = 40. (D) ;1 dependency of the directed motion of the plasmid for the analytical solution Eq. (S7 - S9) (solid lines) and numerical result calculated from Eq. 3 and 4 (black dots). For each different value of # (= 20, 30, 40, 50), the velocity of the directed motion (E ≠ 0) is monotonously decreased with ;1, and an inverse pitchfork bifurcation occurs at a critical value of ;1, resulting in the only solution with E = 0. The numerical results deviate from the analytical ones in the ranges of small and large ;1, suggesting the breakdown of the approximation D(G) 3 . For clarity, the numerical result for E = 0 was displayed only in the case of # = 40. : = 0.1,D = 0.05 and ! = 40. https://scispace.com/papers/chemoselectivity-switching-in-the-rhodium-catalyzed-22345r0gbx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-drawing-of-z-4-methyl-n-2-methyl-3methylene-oyrefqjd.png Figure 1. ORTEP drawing of (Z)-4-methyl-N-(2-methyl-3methylene-5,6-dioxo-1-phenylhept-1-en-4yl)benzenesulfonamide 3a. Thermal ellipsoids shown at 50% probability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-of-reaction-conditions-for-the-hmbw1gq1.png Table 1. Optimization of reaction conditions for the metalcatalyzed coupling of allenol 1a with acyl-triazole 2.[a], [b], [c] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relaxed-scans-modifying-the-key-c-o-distance-for-1w0c5b8v.png Figure 3. Relaxed scans modifying the key C···O distance for the INT-4→INT-5 transformation. All data have been computed at the PCM(CHCl3)-B3LYP-D3/def2-SVP level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computed-profile-for-the-transformation-involving-1dhsq2dk.png Figure 2. Computed profile for the transformation involving allenol 1a and Rh(II)-carbene INT-2. Bond lengths and relative free energies (∆G298, computed at 298 K) are given in angstroms and kcal/mol, respectively. All data have been computed at the PCM(CHCl3)-B3LYPD3/def2-SVP level. https://scispace.com/papers/child-activity-recognition-from-multi-sensor-data-te38stkp1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-magnitude-of-the-acceleration-is-plotted-14yxjzhq.png Figure 3. The magnitude of the acceleration is plotted together with obtained classification results. The magnitude was scaled to be able to plot both classification as well as sensor data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-confusion-matrix-for-7-activities-3uwlrbp7.png Figure 2. Normalized confusion matrix for 7 activities obtained with the proposed features. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-considered-activities-and-corresponding-3e05ff8w.png Table 1. List of considered activities and corresponding labels. https://scispace.com/papers/children-s-sociolinguistic-evaluations-of-nice-foreigners-1krat8ej5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-experiment-3-n-24-6ha18qco.png Table 2. Results for Experiment 3 (N = 24) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-experiments-1-2-and-3-2srse2py.png Table 1. Results for Experiments 1, 2, and 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-friendship-and-nationality-judgments-across-3nmwe64l.png Figure 1. Friendship and nationality judgments across experiments. Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/papers/chimera-type-states-induced-by-local-coupling-11n032ke5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-properties-of-elementary-oscillators-model-1-with-k-0-23dwbbc9.png FIG. 4. Properties of elementary oscillators model (1) with = κ = 0. (a) Schematic bifurcation diagram of oscillator ui(t) as function of nonlinearity parameter a; the vertical axis accounts for the value of equilibria states, ueq . (b) Phase portrait for a = > 2. The equilibrium points and limit cycle are represented by {u+,u−,u0} and γ , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-front-propagation-between-a-spatiotemporal-12rt58ey.png FIG. 5. Front propagation between a spatiotemporal intermittent and a homogeneous state of Eq. (1) with = 4, μ = 0.25, a = 2.08, κ = 4, and δ = 1. The inset shows the front velocity as a function of nonlinearity parameter a. aM accounts for the Maxwell point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spatiotemporal-evolution-of-chimera-type-state-1qo5i2j9.png FIG. 1. Spatiotemporal evolution of chimera-type state obtained from model (1) with = 0.04, μ = 0.05, a = 2.07, κ = 0.04, and δ = 1. (a) Spatiotemporal evolution of ui oscillators. (b) Spatiotemporal evolution of respective phase ϕi obtained using the Hilbert transform. The insets show position and phase profiles of the oscillators in a given time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-homoclinic-snaking-bifurcation-diagram-of-sft5hr0u.png FIG. 3. Numerical homoclinic snaking bifurcation diagram of chimera states with respect to the nonlinearity parameter a of Eq. (1) with = 0.06, μ = 0.05, κ = 0.06, and δ = 1. Numerical simulations consider 200 coupled oscillators. The painted area accounts for coexistence region of chimera states, {a−,a+} = {2.06,2.36}. Points represent the time mean area under the curve by oscillator. The curves inside painted area correspond to changes in the mean relative area of chimera states as function of nonlinearity parameter a. These states appear and disappear by a sequence of saddle-node bifurcations. The insets depict some different chimera and the extended states in a given time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatiotemporal-evolution-of-different-chimera-type-240mk9yn.png FIG. 2. Spatiotemporal evolution of different chimera-type states obtained from Eq. (1) with = 0.04, μ = 0.05, a = 2.05, κ = 0.04, and δ = 1. The bottom panel shows the profile of the position of the oscillators in a given time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-properties-of-chimera-states-of-eq-1-with-0-06-m-0-04-1krl0s5h.png FIG. 6. Properties of chimera states of Eq. (1) with = 0.06, μ = 0.04, a = 2.05, κ = 0.06, and δ = 1. (a) The Lyapunov spectrum of chimera state. In the inset are represented a magnification of Lyapunov spectrum and chimera states under consideration. (b) The Kaplan-Yorke dimensions as a function of their area with respect to coherent state. (c) Pinning range as a function of nonlinearity parameter and level of intensity coupling; aM ≡ 3 √ 2/2 accounts for the Maxwell point. https://scispace.com/papers/china-s-accession-to-the-wto-timing-is-everything-1vu7k9klmu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-list-of-countries-and-commodities-of-the-study-1ml91b0u.png Table A.1: List of Countries and Commodities of the Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-chinas-wto-accession-cumulative-26m3ji5v.png Table 2. Results for China’s WTO Accession Cumulative Percentage Change in 2020 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cumulative-percentage-differences-from-base-case-in-23hi2d1w.png Figure 7: Cumulative Percentage Differences from Base Case in China’s Real GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-projected-annual-growth-rates-in-the-base-line-174sd695.png Table 1 Projected Annual Growth Rates in the Base Line Scenario for the year 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-tariffs-abolished-by-2005-quotas-abolished-by-2010-1pilg0dq.png Table A.3 Tariffs Abolished by 2005, Quotas Abolished by 2010 - Cumulative Percentage Change in 2020 due to SFG20102. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-cumulative-percentage-differences-in-employment-in-3tat0vqb.png Figure 15: Cumulative Percentage Differences in Employment in India’s Electronics Sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-tariffs-and-quotas-abolished-by-2005-cumulative-1br84hm0.png Table A.2 Tariffs and Quotas Abolished by 2005 - Cumulative Percentage Change in 2020 due to CHN20051. https://scispace.com/papers/chinese-innovation-driving-factors-regional-structure-41866omryy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-decomposition-results-of-chinas-innovation-22cg3vii.png Table 3 Decomposition results of China’s innovation performance (2000–2012) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-distribution-of-patent-applications-2013-1hnt4q3w.png Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of patent applications (2013) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-growth-curve-of-patent-count-b-growth-curve-of-the-s8h3wtbi.png Fig. 1 a Growth curve of patent count; b growth curve of the increase in patent count.Note: “Patent count” is the number of patent applications per 10,000 people https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-decomposition-results-of-chinas-innovation-1mge2at2.png Table 7 Decomposition results of China’s innovation performance (R&D personnel as the innovation input) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-contribution-ratios-of-the-four-factors-2000-2012-480cdg8q.png Table 4 Contribution ratios of the four factors (%) (2000–2012) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-contributions-of-the-four-factors-to-innovation-1ds2k8uo.png Fig. 2 The contributions of the four factors to innovation output variance https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-decomposition-results-of-chinas-innovation-3m0ra6nt.png Table 8 Decomposition results of China’s innovation performance (scientific papers as the innovation output) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-and-sources-of-variables-27kua0q7.png Table 2 Definitions and sources of variables https://scispace.com/papers/chiral-unitary-dynamics-of-hadrons-and-hadrons-in-a-nuclear-37qqz7m0gc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-mx-and-kh-2-for-different-values-of-ah-31ec7zon.png Table 1. Results of MX and χ 2 for different values of αH . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pole-positions-for-the-model-the-column-irrep-shows-2dx7mtwi.png Table 2: Pole positions for the model. The column Irrep shows the results in the SU(3) limit. The results in brackets for the Im √ s are obtained taking into account the finite width of the ρ and K∗ mesons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-phkk-squared-amplitude-in-the-isospin-0-1o6qi93o.png Fig. 8. The φKK̄ squared amplitude in the isospin 0 configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-l-resonance-in-the-pkn-amplitude-at-1568-mev-in-i-0-zugcrgd9.png Fig. 6. A Λ resonance in the πK̄N amplitude at 1568 MeV in I = 0, IπK̄ = 1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-squared-amplitude-for-the-ppn-system-in-isospin-1-2mmlhawq.png Fig. 7. The squared amplitude for the ππN system in isospin 1/2 configuration as a function of√ s and √ s23. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-theoretical-histograms-compared-with-data-for-dd-lwwo35gb.png Fig. 3. Theoretical histograms compared with data for DD̄ invariant mass distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-for-the-ppk-invariant-mass-distribution-in-the-3sgn7dj9.png Fig. 1. Results for the ππK invariant mass distribution in the K−p→ K−π+π−p reaction. Data in the upper panels are for 0 ≤ |t′| ≤ 0.05 GeV 2 and those in the middle and bottom panels for 0.05 ≤ |t′| ≤ 0.7 GeV 2, where t′ is the four momentum transfer squared to the recoiling proton. The data are further grouped by JPLMη followed by the isobar and odd particle. J is the total angular momentum, P the parity, L the orbital angular momentum of the odd particle. Mη denotes the magnetic substate of the Kππ system and the naturality of the exchange. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-s-1660-resonance-in-the-p0p0s0-channel-1g4fhsfr.png Fig. 5. The Σ (1660) resonance in the π0π0Σ0 channel. https://scispace.com/papers/chitosan-scaffolds-incorporating-lysozyme-into-cap-coatings-60r9emy2vc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-weight-loss-profile-of-uncoated-chitosan-scaffolds-cap-oi9jckzj.png Fig. 3. Weight loss profile of uncoated chitosan scaffolds, CaP-coated chitosan scaffolds and CaP-coated chitosan scaffolds with incorporated lysozyme as a function of immersion time at (A) pH 7.4 and (B) pH 5. *Significant difference between time points for each condition. At pH 7.4, for each time point all differences between conditions are significant. **Significant difference between conditions at the same time point. The weight loss at pH 5 for chitosan scaffolds is significantly different when compared with that at pH 7.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-ftir-spectra-of-cap-coatings-with-and-without-1t7i4lxa.png Fig. 2. (A) FTIR spectra of CaP coatings, with and without incorporated lysozyme at nucleation stage. (B) TF-XRD spectra of: (a) uncoated chitosan scaffolds; CaP-coated chitosan scaffolds at (b) nucleation stage and (d) after 7 days of growth; (c) CaP-coated chitosan with incorporated lysozyme at nucleation stage and (e) after 7 days of growth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-images-of-chitosan-scaffolds-cap-chitosan-2t16wm3v.png Fig. 4. SEM images of chitosan scaffolds, CaP chitosan scaffolds and CaP chitosan scaffolds with incorporated lysozyme before and after degradation at pH 7.4 up to 30 days. Scale bar is 50 lm and applies to all images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-images-of-chitosan-scaffolds-cap-chitosan-2z5fmrue.png Fig. 5. SEM images of chitosan scaffolds, CaP chitosan scaffolds and CaP chitosan scaffolds with incorporated lysozyme before and after degradation at pH 5 up to 14 days. The scale bar is 200 lm for all images except for I1, L1, O1 (50 lm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-lysozyme-activity-measured-as-a-decrease-in-the-30vdbd21.png Fig. 6. (A) Lysozyme activity (measured as a decrease in the optical density of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus bacteria suspension) released from CaP coatings after immersion in buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 days and (B) lysozyme activity at pH 5 and 7.4 as a function of lysozyme concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-the-surface-of-chitosan-scaffolds-a-2r9kqmgk.png Fig. 1. SEM images of the surface of chitosan scaffolds (A) uncoated, (B and B1) coated with a CaP layer at nucleation stage and (D and D1) after 7 days in the growth stage, and (C and C1) coated with CaP layer with incorporated lysozyme at nucleation stage and (E and E1) after 7 days in the growth stage. The scale bar is 50 lm for images A–E and 5 lm for images B1–E1. https://scispace.com/papers/chirality-and-intrinsic-dissipation-of-spin-modes-in-two-3tvqoiz270 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-band-structure-of-the-surface-states-of-bi2se3-2ho8ik35.png Figure 10. (a) Band structure of the surface states of Bi2Se3, showing Dirac cones of opposite chirality in blue and red. The arrows illustrate resonant Raman process (via the unoccupied surface states SS2) that were used in the experiment. (b) Close-up view of the region around the Fermi level, where ω− is the threshold energy for transitions between the two Dirac cones. (c) Schematic illustration of the particle-hole continua in the charge (blue) and spin (red) channels. The charge plasmon dispersion is in blue, and the chiral spin modes are in red. c©2017 American Physical Society. Reprinted, with permission, from [130]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-spin-split-parabolic-subbands-of-the-2del-in-the-1qzif0ny.png Figure 11. (a) Spin-split parabolic subbands of the 2DEL in the absence of SOC. The external magnetic field B = Bextez is applied along the z-axis lying in the plane of the quantum well. Conduction states are filled up to the Fermi energy. The spin ‘up’ (minority) and spin ‘down’ (majority) Fermi disks are highlighted. (b) Spin-excitation spectrum without SOC: spin waves propagate in the energy gap below the single-particle spin-flip excitation (SPE) continuum. Z∗ is the zone center SPE energy [53]. Z is the homogenous spin wave energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-intrasubband-excitations-in-a-non-spin-2bu5dgn6.png Figure 1. Left: intrasubband excitations in a non-spin-polarized 2DEL: particle-hole continuum and 2D plasmon dispersion. Middle: intersubband excitations in a non-spin-polarized 2DEL: particle-hole continuum and charge and spin plasmon dispersions. Right: spin-flip excitations in a spin-polarized 2DEL: particle-hole continuum and spin wave. SOC is not included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-b-momentum-dispersion-of-energy-a-and-linewidth-1st4d7ep.png Figure 15. (a&b) Momentum dispersion of energy (a) and linewidth (b) of the spin wave for the in-plane direction φ = π/4 and Bext = ±2 T. Dispersions are shifted by qs from q = 0 with a mirror symmetry when inverting the magnetic field, see Eq. (44). (c) (•) represents the qs dependence with φ, extracted from the measured dispersions. The red curve is a fit with the theoretical value of qs(φ) (see Ref. [102]). (d&e) Universal linear relation between the linewidth and the energy of the spin wave: (η − η0)/η2 is plotted as a function of 2m ∗ ~2 (~ω − Z)/Ssw, symbols of the same color are for a given in-plane angle φ, but for various values of q. (d) Bext = +1 T, open (solid) symbols correspond to spin waves with wavevector q = qex directed towards −ex (+ex). (e) Bext = +2 T, solid symbols correspond to the two extremal angles φ = π 4 , 3π 4 , open symbols are for other angles. c©2016 American Physical Society. Reprinted, with permission, from [102]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-calculated-absorption-cross-sections-for-q-0-p18nr1mq.png Figure 9. Calculated absorption cross sections for q = 0 intersubband charge and spin plasmon excitations in square quantum wells of increasing widths. The insets show the quantum well density profiles at increasing numbers of occupied subbands (see text). The excitation spectra evolve from the intersubband case, see middle panel of Fig. 1, to the 3D bulk case. The calculations were done with TDDFT using the 3D-ALDA, not including SOC. Adapted from [124]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-single-particle-energies-for-a-2del-with-rashba-and-153m2d81.png Figure 5. Single-particle energies for a 2DEL with Rashba and Dresselhaus SOC (assuming α = β = 0.05 and k along the [110] direction). (a) No magnetic field. (b) Finite in-plane magnetic field (Z∗ = 0.0381). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-a-dmi-energy-as-function-of-2del-density-gated-by-tccgnmd8.png Figure 18. (a) DMI energy as function of 2DEL density gated by illumination. As the chiral shift depends sinusoidally on the in-plane direction, the two extremal directions (φ = π/4 and φ = 3π/4) are shown. The DMI energy is to be compared with 0.9 meV found in Ref. [141]. (b) DMI constant, to be compared with 0.44 mJ/m2 found in Ref. [142]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-typical-spin-wave-energy-a-and-linewidth-b-q-dtck7cdb.png Figure 14. Typical spin-wave energy (a) and linewidth (b) q-dependence obtained on a sample with parameters x = 0.87 and rs = 2.4, for Bext=0.37, 0.63 and 0.8 T. In agreement with Eqs. (41) and (43) the data follow a parabolic behavior. (c) Linewidth qdependence obtained on a CdTe sample (without Mn). c©2010 American Physical Society. Reprinted, with permission, from [68]. https://scispace.com/papers/choice-of-new-oral-anticoagulant-agents-versus-vitamin-k-41uzsc8mhr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-no-differences-were-observed-between-both-the-2vw6v137.png Figure 3. No differences were observed between both the groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-patients-with-cha2ds2-vasc-score-3-were-treated-2avd3zks.png Figure 2. Patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score <3 were treated more frequently with NOAC and patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3 were treated more frequently with VKA. Chi-square = 8.82; P = .001 when comparing CHA2DS2-VASc <3 (28.4% patients were treated with NOAC and 20.3% treated with VKA) and CHA2DS2-VASc ≥3 (71.6% and 79.7%, respectively). NOCA, non-VKA oral anticoagulant; VKA, vitamin K antagonist. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-patients-with-chads2-score-2-were-treated-more-m590aiai.png Figure 1. Patients with CHADS2 score <2 were treated more frequently with non-VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC; 33.4% vs 22.9%) and patients with CHADS2 score ≥2 were treated more frequently with vitamin K antagonist (VKA; 77.1% vs 66.6%; chi-square = 12.97; P < .001, CHADS2 <2 vs CHADS2 ≥2). https://scispace.com/papers/choosing-low-cost-institutions-in-global-governance-3x7qbswe1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modified-choice-sequence-8nq1xqx8.png Figure 2. Modified Choice Sequence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-jms-choice-sequence-10bbmwdr.png Figure 1. JMS Choice Sequence https://scispace.com/papers/choosing-your-own-boss-variations-of-representation-foci-in-1h79f7rxd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-distribution-of-representation-foci-in-hungary-2zmg7dcq.png Table 1: The distribution of representation foci in Hungary and Romania https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-representation-foci-in-relation-to-various-role-dikkp4eg.png Table 2: Representation foci in relation to various role-related attitudesxiv - Validation (Bonferroni post-hoc pairwise comparisons) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-representation-foci-multinomial-3mgg1h72.png Table 4: Determinants of Representation Foci (multinomial logistic regression). Romanian MPs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-focus-of-representation-in-groups-of-mps-39o6xk2g.png Table 5: The focus of representation in groups of MPs influenced differently by seat and candidacy (Bonferroni post-hoc pairwise comparisons) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-representation-foci-multinomial-38qpxnw7.png Table 3: Determinants of Representation Foci (multinomial logistic regression) Hungarian MPs. https://scispace.com/papers/choptuik-scaling-in-six-dimensions-4wvkthhwn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-h-plotted-vsr-at-two-times-when-the-minimum-ofh-is-at-188sndj7.png FIG. 2. h plotted vsR at two times when the minimum ofh is at r 50. Note that the two curves agree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-h-plotted-vs-the-rescaled-coordinatesr-andt-upddjfzq.png FIG. 1. h plotted vs the rescaled coordinatesR andT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lnrmax-plotted-vs-ln-p-2p-along-with-the-best-straight-33i2uhic.png FIG. 3. lnRmax plotted vs ln(p*2p) along with the best straight line fit. The curve is straight line with a periodic wiggle and the slop of the line is22g. https://scispace.com/papers/christoffel-functions-with-power-type-weights-4eakbbtny0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-typical-position-where-theorem-1-2-can-be-applied-s6uemyrc.png Figure 2: A typical position where Theorem 1.2 can be applied https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zbofkqpj.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-arcs-j1-m-and-j2-m-1oh14ooy.png Figure 6: The arcs J1,m and J2,m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-g-and-the-leminscate-s-as-in-the-second-half-of-2pwbzcjp.png Figure 3: The Γ and the leminscate σ as in the second half of Proposition 5.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-arc-j-and-the-selection-of-g0m-1sazpxex.png Figure 5: The arc J and the selection of Γ0m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-position-where-theorem-1-1-can-be-applied-3ks6nk41.png Figure 1: A typical position where Theorem 1.1 can be applied https://scispace.com/papers/chronic-exposure-to-a-neonicotinoid-pesticide-and-a-5f3xm4tuno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2b-number-of-brood-cells-estimated-in-the-colonies-in-13tv7cut.png Fig. 2b: Number of brood cells estimated in the colonies in the year 2011-2012 for the four treatment groups at 195 four different assessments. * statistically significantly lower when “Thiacloprid” compared to “Control” and 196 “Fluvalinate” (p<0.05, ANOVA) in 2). 197 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-number-of-bees-estimated-in-the-colonies-in-the-year-eu9dx7qh.png Fig. 2b: Number of brood cells estimated in the colonies in the year 2011-2012 for the four treatment groups at 195 four different assessments. * statistically significantly lower when “Thiacloprid” compared to “Control” and 196 “Fluvalinate” (p<0.05, ANOVA) in 2). 197 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graph-of-the-dropped-varroa-mites-approximately-one-2csu6qqr.png Fig. 3: Graph of the dropped Varroa mites approximately one week after oxalic acid treatment during winter 232 time (2010 and 2011). In both years a considerably lower number of dead mites could be detected in the τ-233 fluvalinate treated vs. the untreated groups. 234 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1b-number-of-brood-cells-estimated-in-the-colonies-in-gtyyn3ae.png Fig. 1b: Number of brood cells estimated in the colonies in the year 2010-2011 for the four treatment groups at 175 four different assessments. * statistically significantly lower when “Control” compared to “Thiacloprid” and 176 “Fluvalinate” (p<0.05, ANOVA) in 1), and when “Control” compared to “Thiacloprid” (p<0.05, ANOVA) in 2). 177 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-number-of-bees-estimated-in-the-colonies-in-the-year-3nslx907.png Fig. 1b: Number of brood cells estimated in the colonies in the year 2010-2011 for the four treatment groups at 175 four different assessments. * statistically significantly lower when “Control” compared to “Thiacloprid” and 176 “Fluvalinate” (p<0.05, ANOVA) in 1), and when “Control” compared to “Thiacloprid” (p<0.05, ANOVA) in 2). 177 https://scispace.com/papers/chromospheric-evaporation-and-phase-mixing-of-alfv-en-waves-30jthm74b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contours-of-t-t0-t0-left-and-r-r0-r0-right-at-t-5340-s-1wikbalv.png Fig. 6. Contours of (T − T0)/T0 (left) and (ρ − ρ0)/ρ0 (right) at t = 5340 s for the viscous simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-left-mass-increase-kg-m-1-for-the-three-simulations-306jdnnc.png Fig. 8. Left: mass increase (kg m−1) for the three simulations (viscous, solid lines; ideal, dashed lines; non-driven, dotted lines). The black lines correspond to the integrated mass in the coronal part of the domain whereas the green lines represent the mass in the non-coronal part. Right: mass increase (kg m−1; blue lines) but now only integrated over the coronal part of the shell region (viscous, solid lines; ideal, dotted-dashed lines). The green lines represent the time integrated, averaged mass flux (where the averaging is done over the 4 boundaries of the shells). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-distance-graphs-of-the-relative-changes-in-eh3u5cul.png Fig. 7. Time distance graphs of the relative changes in temperature (top) and density (bottom) along x = −1.18 Mm (marked by vertical dashed line in Fig. 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-left-vz-max-vz-and-bz-max-bz-with-time-at-the-3mhepmgf.png Fig. A.1. Left: vz/max(vz) and Bz/max(Bz) with time at the location of the driver (y = 200 Mm). Right: upflows vy (km s−1) as a function of time at the location of the driver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-3-relative-mass-increase-3luq3u6w.png Fig. A.3. Relative mass increase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contour-of-vz-km-s-1-for-the-viscous-simulation-at-t-32oq4rsm.png Fig. 4. Contour of vz (km s−1) for the viscous simulation at t = 93 s (left panel) and t = 983 s (right panel). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-plots-of-the-magnetic-field-components-bx-left-2tvvyrpc.png Fig. 3. Contour plots of the magnetic field components Bx (left) and By (middle) and the Alfvén speed (right) after the numerical relaxation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-field-aligned-velocity-vy-integrated-over-the-2g6j9b3d.png Fig. 5. Mean field-aligned velocity vy integrated over the first TRcoronal boundary in the central part of the loop (−1 < x < 1 Mm) for the viscous (solid line), ideal (dashed line) and non-driven (dotted line) simulations as a function of time. https://scispace.com/papers/chronic-hepatitis-b-new-goals-new-treatment-2z0oszert0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hbv-dna-suppression-and-resistance-rates-associated-3eezgpzf.png Table 1. HBV DNA Suppression and Resistance Rates Associated with Different Therapeutic Agents.* https://scispace.com/papers/chronic-pparg-stimulation-shifts-amyloidosis-to-higher-n1jm47k0b9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pparg-stimulation-in-ps2app-mice-provokes-an-1av5uu75.png Figure 1: PPARγ stimulation in PS2APP mice provokes an increase in the Aβ-PET signal. A) Regional analysis of group-averaged standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images of the Aβ-PET radiotracer [18F]florbetaben in untreated and in pioglitazone-treated PS2APP mice aged eight and 13 months. Coronal and axial slices are projected upon a standard MRI template. B) Plots show cortical SUVR values of [18F]florbetaben in PS2APP and wild-type (WT) mice between eight and 13 months of age under vehicle (Veh) or pioglitazone (Pio) treatment. The Aβ-PET signal increased in PS2APP mice during aging, but the increase was more pronounced in pioglitazone treated mice (F(1,12) = 12.9; p = 0.0017). In wild-type animals, no difference was observed between untreated and treated animals during aging (F(1,13) = 0.490; p = 0.496). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. P values of Bonferroni post hoc test result from two-way ANOVA. N=10-13 PS2APP; N=7-8 WT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pioglitazone-treatment-triggers-a-change-in-plaque-sp8gymqj.png Figure 3: Pioglitazone treatment triggers a change in plaque composition in two different mouse models of amyloidosis. Staining of fibrillary Aβ (methoxy-X04, cyan) and oligomeric Aβ (NAB228, magenta) in vehicle and pioglitazone treated PS2APP mice A) and AppNL-G-F mice B). C) The plaque area covered by methoxy-X04 staining was significantly higher (t(9) = 3.612; p = 0.0056), whereas the plaque area covered by NAB228 staining remained equal (t(10) = 0.175; p = 0.865) in pioglitazone treated PS2APP mice. The overlay of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-improved-spatial-learning-correlates-with-an-2ddytgql.png Figure 5. Improved spatial learning correlates with an increased Aβ-PET rate of change in PS2APP mice. A) Pioglitazone treated PS2APP mice achieved a shorter travel distance in the water maze test compared to untreated PS2APP mice (F(3,34) = 7.663; p = 0.0156; N=10-13), whereas wild-type animals showed no significant difference (F(3,34) = 0.66; p = 1.00; N=7-8). B) Treated AppNL-G-F mice showed no difference in escape latency compared to untreated animals (t(33) = 0.294; p = 0.771; N=14-21). C) Scatter plots show correlations between the Aβ-PET rate of change ([18F]florbetaben; ΔSUVR) during the treatment period and individual cognitive testing scores (principal component analysis) in PS2APP mice and D) in AppNL-G-F mice (R indicates Pearson’s coefficient of correlation) E) VGLUT1 staining in the hippocampal CA1-region of representative untreated and treated wild-type (WT) mice (upper row) as well as of representative untreated and treated PS2APP mice. F) The decrease in synaptic density in the hippocampal CA1-region as assessed by VGLUT1 staining was ameliorated in treated PS2APP mice when compared to untreated mice, whereas no such treatment effect was seen in wild-type animals (F(3,34) = 12.03; p = <0.0001; N=7-13). Bonferroni post hoc test results of one-way ANOVA (A,F) and two-sample student´s t-test results (B): * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distinct-ab-pet-signal-increase-upon-pparg-3nkz1sat.png Figure 2: Distinct Aβ-PET signal increase upon PPARγ stimulation in AppNL-G-F mice with limited plaque fibrillarity and without overexpression of APP. A) Regional analysis of group-averaged standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) of the Aβ-PET radiotracer [18F]florbetaben in untreated and in pioglitazone treated AppNL-G-F animals at the age of 5, 7.5 and 10 months. Coronal and axial slices are projected upon a standard MRI template. B) Plots show cortical SUVR of [18F]florbetaben in AppNL-G-F mice between the age of five and ten months under vehicle or pioglitazone treatment. Aβ-PET signal increased in untreated mice during age but the increase was more pronounced in pioglitazone treated AppNL-G-F mice (F(2,70) = 20.12; p = <0.0001). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. P values of Bonferroni post hoc test result from two-way ANOVA. N=14-23. https://scispace.com/papers/ciprofloxacin-resistance-in-domestic-wastewater-treatment-2kaa0ep1mx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-wastewater-treatment-plants-1k22f8n7.png Table 1 Characteristics of wastewater treatment plants examined in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-range-and-average-percentage-values-of-bacteria-able-lf7u3fc6.png Table 2 Range and average percentage values of bacteria able to grow in the presence of 4 mg/L of ciprofloxacin in the raw inflow and in the treated effluent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-numbers-of-total-and-resistant-heterotrophs-and-1rr4hcrg.png Fig. 1 Numbers of total and resistant heterotrophs and enterobacteria entering in the biological treatment (raw wastewater) and leaving (treated wastewater) each wastewater treatment plant. a CFU per milliliter. b CFU per day and per inhabitant. a, b, and c, homogeneous subsets on basis of Tukey test https://scispace.com/papers/cinchona-derived-picolinamides-effective-organocatalysts-for-1cu6nxu0sn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-catalyst-loading-optimization-studies-of-5-in-the-g6m4wrsp.png Table 4. Catalyst loading optimization studies of 5 in the hydrosilylation of the N-phenyl imine of propiophenone. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-screening-results-with-catalysts-1-7-in-the-1vsixm7m.png Table 1. Screening results with catalysts 1–7 in the hydrosilylation of the N-phenyl imine of acetophenone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cinchona-pyridinecarboxyamide-catalysts-studied-in-32xtvag2.png Figure 1. Cinchona–pyridinecarboxyamide catalysts studied in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reduction-of-ketoimines-promoted-by-neutral-chiral-zpw82aad.png Table 2. Reduction of ketoimines promoted by neutral chiral picolinamides. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hydrosilylation-of-ketoimines-promoted-by-cationic-feks67kw.png Table 3. Hydrosilylation of ketoimines promoted by cationic picolinamide 5. https://scispace.com/papers/circularly-polarized-retrodirective-antenna-array-for-4e2ba91bvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-dimensions-of-one-section-from-the-proposed-sub-2xl06fk5.png TABLE II DIMENSIONS OF ONE SECTION FROM THE PROPOSED SUB-ARRAY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conventional-wpt-by-inductive-coupling-a-and-the-8jfsysy7.png Fig. 1. Conventional WPT by inductive coupling (a), and the proposed WPT approach using retrodirective antenna (RDA) technology (b) where the device can be tracked and its battery charged in free-space at an increased distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-monostatic-a-and-bistatic-b-measurement-illustrations-614uvl1w.png Fig. 7. Monostatic (a) and bistatic (b) measurement illustrations with the transmitter and receiver schematics shown in the inset for each case (receiver module). Also, the RDA is defined as the transmitter module. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-black-dot-dashed-and-blue-dashed-lines-and-2v1via25.png Fig. 8. Simulated (black dot-dashed and blue dashed lines) and measured (red line) normalised bistatic patterns at 2.4 GHz and sampled at the receiver module for different beacon incidence angles (from top-down and left-right: broadside, -15◦, +15◦, -30◦ and +30◦). Note: the NF results were both sampled at a range of 50 cm from the RDA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-of-the-proposed-work-to-the-state-of-1iyf39c3.png TABLE III COMPARISON OF THE PROPOSED WORK TO THE STATE-OF-THE-ART AND OTHER RELEVANT DESIGNS FOUND IN THE LITERATURE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-a-more-conventional-cp-rda-a-b-defined-s0821hhj.png Fig. 2. Comparison of a more conventional CP-RDA (a-b), defined by a 2-D planar array of corner-clipped patches and heterodyne mixing (i.e. a Pon architecture where RF amplifiers, circulators and mixers are required at each antenna element, as in (b)) to the proposed RDA (c-d). In both cases, a total of 16-elements (4×4) are illustrated for the transmitting part of the RDA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-retrodirected-received-rf-power-at-broadside-versus-1e65akza.png Fig. 10. Retrodirected received RF power at broadside versus distance. Given the physical size of the RDA, as well as the 2.4 GHz operating frequency, all values are defined in the reactive NF zone. It should be mentioned that the measurements were completed considering a constant beacon tone with an output power of 6.6 dBm generated by a VCO (ZX95-3000w). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-received-rf-power-and-cost-versus-rda-size-15y89ahc.png TABLE I RECEIVED RF POWER AND COST VERSUS RDA SIZE https://scispace.com/papers/citizen-participation-in-news-15zelyoy7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-openness-by-stage-with-systems-ordered-from-most-3lfmv4pr.png Figure 3: Openness by stage with systems ordered from most-closed to most-open https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mapping-of-the-stages-used-by-domingo-et-al-to-our-m2cfclg0.png Table 1: Mapping of the stages used by Domingo et al. to our analysis stages and the criteria for analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-timeline-for-case-study-3-my-tram-experience-17upyway.png Figure 6: Timeline for Case Study 3, My Tram Experience https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-timeline-for-case-study-2-reddit-bomb-20lj9jd1.png Figure 5: Timeline for Case Study 2, Reddit Bomb https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-timeline-for-case-study-1-your-thoughts-on-hugo-1gnsc566.png Figure 4: Timeline for Case Study 1, Your thoughts on Hugo Chavez https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-terms-used-to-refer-to-technical-systems-used-for-379mh3hk.png Figure 1: Terms used to refer to technical systems used for news https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-english-ireports-posted-in-response-to-your-thoughts-npwf64gt.png Table 2: English iReports posted in response to “Your thoughts on Hugo Chavez” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-timeline-for-case-study-4-transsexuals-should-cut-3lkardva.png Figure 7: Timeline for Case Study 4, Transsexuals Should Cut It Out https://scispace.com/papers/city-homes-on-country-lanes-philosophy-and-practice-of-the-33d4gvfcjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figs-15-pineapple-10-quince-6-of1i7bkq.png Figs 15" Pineapple 10 Quince 6 https://scispace.com/papers/citizens-opinions-about-basic-income-proposals-compared-a-l0wbhdbc1p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-support-for-ubi-proposals-distribution-of-the-15jttgx9.png Fig. 2. Mean support for UBI proposals. Distribution of the mean support per concept. A concept is a specific combination of policy characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-attribute-list-and-levels-used-in-the-conjoint-2q8pdvnz.png Table A.2. Attribute List and Levels Used in the Conjoint Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-variables-and-descriptive-statistics-9615y5wm.png Table A.1. Variables and Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-policy-attributes-and-the-probability-of-support-note-22tgi7wm.png Fig. 1: Policy attributes and the probability of support. Note: Average Marginal Component Effect (mean and 95% confidence interval). Full results can be found in the supplemental material https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-2-conjoint-analysis-contingent-on-ideological-group-34z02usz.png Fig. A.2. Conjoint analysis contingent on ideological group. Note: AMCE by ideological groups, separately estimated results for Finland and Switzerland. https://scispace.com/papers/clash-of-titans-the-challenges-of-socio-technical-4imb051e7e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-global-automobile-sales-2011-to-2016-1ji09jgg.png Table 2: Global automobile sales 2011 to 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-sampling-table-2c05nr0h.png Table 1: Participants Sampling Table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-framework-the-global-system-of-70xlehjf.png Figure 1: Theoretical Framework: The Global System of Innovation https://scispace.com/papers/classical-flight-dynamics-of-a-variable-forward-sweep-wing-20l79baw0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-speed-and-altitude-conditions-investigated-in-the-1vzk0db6.png TABLE I SPEED AND ALTITUDE CONDITIONS INVESTIGATED IN THE RESEARCH https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-typical-aerodynamic-center-and-center-of-gravity-7jo2ncqn.png Figure 10. Typical Aerodynamic Center and Center of Gravity Locations Versus Sweep https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variable-forward-sweep-wing-aircraft-at-3r-f-sweep-1kd2w8wr.png Figure 1. Variable Forward Sweep Wing Aircraft at -3r:f Sweep https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-element-longitudinal-forces-and-moments-3avjh8t5.png Figure 5- Element LOngitudinal Forces and Moments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-body-coordinate-systems-used-during-the-research-38tcyh51.png Figure 4. Body Coordinate Systems Used During the Research Effort https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lateral-directional-transformation-to-the-stability-jnga0f70.png Figure 8. Lateral-directional Transformation To the Stability Axes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-wing-geo-etry-for-center-of-gravity-and-moments-of-bdlh091c.png Figure 12. Wing Geo~etry for Center of Gravity and Moments of Inertia Calculations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-typical-aerodynamic-center-and-center-of-gravity-31pr0n26.png Figure 9. Typical Aerodynamic Center and Center of Gravity Locations Versus Sweep https://scispace.com/papers/classification-of-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-using-deep-d8899nt5dh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-analysis-and-comparison-on-all-idb-1dbt7d7r.png TABLE 2 Results analysis and comparison on ALL-IDB https://scispace.com/papers/classification-accuracy-comparison-hypothesis-tests-and-the-2gl3w0zxc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-six-scenarios-to-illustrate-the-interpretation-of-2nhg4q2o.png Figure 1. Six scenarios to illustrate the interpretation of confidence intervals in relation to difference and equivalence testing based on the comparison of proportions. The horizontal axis shows the computed difference between two proportions on an arbitrary scale (-x, +x) centered on the point of no difference. For each scenario shown, the width of the arrow depicts the confidence interval at a desired level of significance (e.g. 95% level) which is centred on the observed difference in accuracy. Additionally, with each scenario it has been assumed that the same zone of indifference, highlighted in grey, applies. https://scispace.com/papers/classview-hierarchical-video-shot-classification-indexing-1zob4z2g44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-video-shot-detection-results-from-a-movie-a-part-of-19crrk1d.png Fig. 4. Video shot detection results from a movie: (a) part of the detected scene cut frames; (b) the corresponding color histogram difference and the determined thresholds for different video shots, where the values of color histogram difference in a small window is also given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-feature-space-transformation-to-support-better-node-3gmgl1ln.png Fig. 11. Feature space transformation to support better node representation: (a) data distribution for two clusters in the original feature space; (b) data distribution for two clusters in their warped spaec with different discriminating features and weights. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-learned-classification-accuracy-based-on-different-iw6kcspx.png Fig. 10. Learned classification accuracy based on different training data size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-video-shot-detection-results-from-a-medical-video-a-1wcdv4d1.png Fig. 5. Video shot detection results from a medical video: (a) part of the detected scene cut frames; (b) the corresponding color histogram difference and the determined thresholds for different video shots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-video-shot-detection-results-from-a-video-news-a-part-20omiya5.png Fig. 6. Video shot detection results from a video news: (a) part of the detected scene cut frames; (b) the corresponding color histogram difference and the determined thresholds for different video shots. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-average-performance-of-our-semantics-sensitive-cpz1tzsg.png TABLE I THE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE OF OUR SEMANTICS-SENSITIVE VIDEO CLASSIFIER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-visual-summaries-for-video-news-cluster-at-the-18aqqxot.png Fig. 17. Visual summaries for video news cluster at the cluster level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-visual-summaries-for-video-news-cluster-at-the-scene-rvxvvi7k.png Fig. 18. Visual summaries for video news cluster at the scene level. https://scispace.com/papers/classification-of-large-acoustic-datasets-using-machine-8xdsspag0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-evolutionary-tree-that-was-created-1h7nas3y.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Evolutionary tree that was created automatically separates the whales by populations between and within species. The Bahamas pilot whales were shortfinned pilot whales, while Norwegian pilot whales were long-finned pilot whales. The ten Killer whales are at the top of the tree and the eight pilot whales are at the bottom. The tight cluster of pilot whales (15, 17, 18, and 19) are members of the same large aggregation. The population of killer whales is also separated into Icelandic killer whales (6,7,22), and Norwegian killer whales (8,9,10,12,13,23,24), showing that whales from these two areas have different acoustic repertoires that can be sensed by the computer analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-fisher-discriminant-scores-of-the-1328jhtt.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Fisher discriminant scores of the different groups of 2D numerical content descriptors used in the computer analysis of the spectrograms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-whale-fm-user-interface-used-by-the-4vx6tw0c.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Whale FM user interface used by the citizen scientists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-evolutionary-tree-created-ik9dmva5.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The evolutionary tree created automatically when using Minkowski distances instead of the weighted Euclidean distances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-phylogeny-that-was-generated-using-3iavppyg.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The phylogeny that was generated using Phylip from the Whale FM citizen scientist classifications of the calls of killer whales. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-recordings-of-pilot-whale-and-killer-whale-3lxhozv9.png TABLE I. List of recordings of pilot whale and killer whale sounds using Dtags. Listed are recording identification (ID), type of species, locations, device ID, and year of recording. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-spectrograms-of-calls-of-a-norwegian-pilot-1nc53nai.png FIG. 2. Example spectrograms of calls of a Norwegian pilot whale (right) and a Norwegian killer whale (left). The calls can vary since each whale has many different types of calls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-phylogeny-that-was-generated-from-the-l3id8rmb.png FIG. 7. (Color online) The phylogeny that was generated from the Whale FM citizen scientist classifications of the calls of Norwegian (15,17,18,19) and Bahamas (1,2,3,4) pilot whales. https://scispace.com/papers/classifying-and-evaluating-assessment-feedback-practices-1gw5kqux84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-illustrative-feedback-terminology-3tscf05m.png TABLE 1. Illustrative Feedback Terminology https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ten-feedback-settings-with-corresponding-articles-hqxhtbtt.png TABLE 2. Ten Feedback Settings with Corresponding Articles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evaluation-of-the-taxonomy-using-dimensions-and-24qub7h0.png FIGURE 2. Evaluation of the Taxonomy using Dimensions and Settings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-taxonomical-classification-of-feedback-1swsewid.png FIGURE 1. Taxonomical Classification of Feedback https://scispace.com/papers/cleaning-clay-from-fouled-membranes-9pah02e0t5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-main-types-of-foulant-identified-on-membrane-231xzq02.png Figure 1. The main types of foulant identified on membrane elements from the first position during autopsy (2001-2007). Source: GMP laboratories statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarized-data-for-membrane-samples-used-in-7ug33vfr.png Table 2- Summarized data for membrane samples used in laboratory tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparative-data-for-different-cleaning-options-i-2gqfgmxs.png Figure 4: Comparative data for different cleaning options i Case 1 and Case 2 (see table 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summarized-data-for-cleaning-test-conditions-and-a3zpvz46.png Table 3: Summarized data for cleaning test conditions and results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-sem-micrographs-aluminosilicates-and-iron-oxides-28zqxlh8.png Figure 2 & 3: SEM micrographs. Aluminosilicates and iron oxides on RO membrane surface. Abrasion process related. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-membrane-coupon-used-in-case-2-cleaning-4-sem-edax-am3bzhem.png Figure 5: Membrane coupon used in Case 2/cleaning 4. SEM-EDAX evaluation results. https://scispace.com/papers/climate-change-and-vulnerability-to-poverty-an-empirical-4fmxcpjt76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standard-deviation-of-daily-rainfall-between-1997-2tb5lu44.png Figure 1: Standard Deviation of Daily Rainfall between 1997 and 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-regression-estimates-of-and-for-scenario-2-2kehe50m.png Table A.3: Regression Estimates of 𝜷 and 𝜽 for Scenario 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-regression-estimates-of-and-for-scenario-1-b-wm8nps83.png Table A.2: Regression Estimates of 𝜷 and 𝜽 for Scenario 1(b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-regression-estimates-of-and-for-scenario-1-a-32djop1x.png Table A.1: Regression Estimates of 𝜷 and 𝜽 for Scenario 1(a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-estimates-of-and-for-scenario-1-a-ox5ac9r7.png Table 3: Regression Estimates of 𝜷 and 𝜽 for Scenario 1(a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regression-estimates-of-and-for-scenario-2-ijse83s9.png Table 8: Regression Estimates of 𝜷 and 𝜽 for Scenario 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-vulnerability-measures-under-scenario-2-population-155apnwp.png Table 9: Vulnerability Measures under Scenario 2. Population Expansion Factor is Applied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-numbers-of-households-that-have-experienced-22xqnrlq.png Table 2: The Numbers of Households that have Experienced Floods and Droughts in the IFLS Rounds https://scispace.com/papers/clef2006-question-answering-experiments-at-tokyo-institute-1l438f2dwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-each-run-for-all-teams-our-team-id-is-2c7dgznu.png Figure 1: Results of each run for all teams. Our team id is tok https://scispace.com/papers/climatic-and-geomorphologic-cycles-in-a-semiarid-4l8xhlluee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-architectural-sketch-and-stratigraphic-section-of-284gg0q3.png Figure 7. Architectural sketch and stratigraphic section of the studied sedimentary succession in palaeostreamwise view. The sketch shows the distribution of lithofacies in three channelised sequences. Channel deposits are bounded by palaeosols at the base (P1) and top (P2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-depositional-model-illustrating-how-235py57b.png Figure 13. (A) Depositional model illustrating how geomorphology superimposes the climate-induced fluvial cycles and controls the lateral and vertical organisation of the studied fluvial succession. The channel belt containing laterally shifting channel is abandoned to a new distally lower position on the alluvial surface. (B) Detail to the stratigraphic product of climate-driven fluvial cycle superimposed by the longer-term geomorphologic fluvial cycle where fluvial sequences are bounded at the base and the top by palaeosols. (C) Detailed block diagram of the proximal, intermediate and distal parts of the floodplain. (D) Palaeopedon reconstruction showing main palaeopedogenic features of palaeosols (P1) and (P2). (E) Idealised crosssections of channel deposits during more humid and drier periods. The channel fill associated with the drier period is developed as a lenticular cross-bedded channel architectural element (CL). periodThe channel fill developed during a more humid interval is developed as a fining-up cross-bedded channel architectural element (CF). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-architectural-sketch-and-stratigraphic-section-of-2kc4sy3q.png Figure 6. Architectural sketch and stratigraphic section of the studied sedimentary succession in palaeostreamwise view. The sketch shows the distribution of lithofacies in three channelised sequences. Channel deposits are bounded by palaeosols at the base (P1) and top (P2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-third-sequence-a-b-lowermost-part-of-the-sequence-1qtghuwa.png Figure 10. Third sequence. (A, B) Lowermost part of the sequence showing an erosive bottom, which is overlaid by trough cross-bedded conglomeratic sandstone (Stc) showing a high concentration of mudstone intraclasts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-architectural-sketch-and-stratigraphic-section-of-2230mp4o.png Figure 5. Architectural sketch and stratigraphic section of the studied sedimentary succession in view perpendicular to palaeoflow. The sketch shows the distribution of lithofacies in three channelised sequences. Channel deposits are bounded by palaeosols at the base (P1) and top (P2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stratigraphic-sections-of-the-studied-succession-2zyre9li.png Figure 3. Stratigraphic sections of the studied succession. Three sequences of channel-fill deposits overlain by floodplain deposits are indicated with numbers 1 to 3. Palaeosol profiles bounding the fluvial sequences are localised at the base (P1) and top (P2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-channel-fill-and-floodplain-deposits-of-the-second-1u173vrf.png Figure 9. Channel-fill and floodplain deposits of the second sequence. (A) Tabular layer of structureless, matrixsupported sandy conglomerate which is constituted of extraformational and intraformational clasts. (B) Crude normal grading is locally observed in sandy conglomerate lithofacies (Cs). (C) Large-scale lenticular crossbedded sandstone sets (Sl) showing low-angle, concave-up foresets. The bottom limit is outlined by concave-up scours with mudstone intraclasts. (D) Thin bed of structureless mudstone which overlays the channel-fill deposit of this second sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-and-interpretation-of-the-architectural-16fxdv4q.png Table 2. Description and interpretation of the architectural elements. https://scispace.com/papers/climate-fishery-and-society-interactions-observations-from-4jlnvas56b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-population-in-thousands-for-the-four-most-fisheries-1b3lfnnb.png Figure 4: Population in thousands for the four most fisheries-dependent regions in Newfoundland, 1966–2001. Note the individual y-axis scales. Updated from Hamilton and Butler, 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-catch-of-herring-in-new-england-waters-1960-3ay8fod7.png Figure 3: Total catch of herring in New England waters, 1960–2001. Data source: NOAA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cod-catch-in-four-northwest-atlantic-regions-1960-534jsvyi.png Figure 1: Cod catch in four Northwest Atlantic regions, 1960–2001. The regions correspond to NAFO statistical divisions 1 through 4. Data source: NAFO 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-catch-of-norwegian-spring-spawning-herring-3ci0c2p7.png Figure 2: Total catch of Norwegian spring-spawning herring, 1950–2001. Data source: ICES 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-landed-value-millions-of-2000-canadian-dollars-by-2mpenozr.png Figure 5: Landed value (millions of 2000 Canadian dollars) by species type in Newfoundland’s most fisheries-dependent regions, 1986–2000. Adapted from Hamilton and Butler, 2001. https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-assessment-of-cervical-movement-sense-in-those-with-24ixvjj5xg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-set-up-for-figure-of-8-arrows-on-the-pattern-krru5c0z.png Figure 2: test-set up for Figure of 8: arrows on the pattern indicate movement directions 89 90 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-and-between-group-differences-mean-and-2j9u56a1.png Table 1: Demographics and between group differences (mean and standard deviation) for time taken 157 and number of errors for the Zig Zag (ZZ) and Figure of eight (F8) pattern tracing. 158 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-mean-and-standard-deviation-and-between-14vpbifj.png Table 2: Demographics (mean and standard deviation) and between neck pain group (whiplash and 161 idiopathic neck pain) differences for time taken and errors for the Zig Zag (ZZ) and Figure of eight (F8) 162 pattern tracing. 163 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-test-set-up-using-the-zigzag-pattern-arrows-on-the-3hfp8si9.png Figure 1: test-set up using the zigzag pattern. Arrows on the pattern indicate movement directions. 83 84 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-specificity-lr-and-lr-for-number-of-7xfp8q3f.png Table 3: Sensitivity, specificity, LR+ and LR- for number of errors and time variables 167 https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-outcomes-of-extra-thoracic-solitary-fibrous-tumours-4hzhc6qi2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anatomical-location-of-extrathoracic-solitary-6seur9lk.png Table 2: Anatomical location of extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-and-tumour-characteristics-of-33-x2zpsd23.png Table 1. Patient and tumour characteristics of 33 extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significant-prognostic-factors-for-extra-thoracic-1l1lz4gq.png Table 3: Significant prognostic factors for extra-thoracic solitary fibrous tumours. https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-forensic-radiology-in-strangulation-victims-np0u9120kf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-case-4-ligature-strangulation-a-coronal-stir-weighted-hw2k8n8o.png Fig. 1 Case 4, ligature strangulation. a Coronal STIR-weighted MR image (TR 3000, TE 14, TI 150) depicting a hyperintense subcutaneous region above the mandible on the left side (frame). The finding corresponded to hemorrhage of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. Apart from its intracutaneous part, the hemorrhagic lesion could not be explained by acne due to its extent and depth, which was not corresponding with acne alterations. b Corresponding photograph of the patient showing alterations due to acne but no traumatic bruises or https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-of-the-danger-to-life-based-on-classical-3i93d7vv.png Table 3 Evaluation of the danger to life based on classical forensic criteria and MRI https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-of-the-radiological-data-2c1t9qq8.png Table 1 Evaluation of the radiological data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inner-soft-tissue-findings-in-two-manual-strangulation-24d93kjx.png Fig. 4 Inner soft tissue findings in two manual strangulation cases (a, case 2; b, case 9). a The axial STIR MR image (TR 3000, TE 14, TI 150) demonstrates distinct hemorrhage in close proximity to the larynx on the left side after severe strangulation. The patient, who had been manually strangled, reported a “blackout” and dizziness. The case was classified as life-threatening based on the radiological findings (which also included lymph node hemorrhage, soft tissue and muscle hemorrhage) in addition to the classical forensic examination results. b This axial T2-weighted image (TR 4000, TE 105) reveals hematoma in the soft tissues of the hypopharynx and left vallecula. The finding indicates severe strangulation and is in agreement with the statement of the victim of having suffered impairment of vision as a sign of cerebral hypoxia https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-muscle-findings-in-ligature-strangulation-a-case-8-and-3b7bltug.png Fig. 3 Muscle findings in ligature strangulation (a, case 8) and a forearm choke hold (b, case 5). a In this axial STIR-weighted MR image (TR 2760, TE 14, TI 150), an asymmetry with swelling and hyperintensity of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle is evident even at 12 days after the incident. The muscle appears tumid and hyperintense, a finding that reflects hemorrhage and swelling (arrows). The radiological finding corresponded to the clinical status of pain on palpation on the left neck side. No externally visible findings were present in this case. b The MR image (coronal STIR, TR 3000, TE 14, TI 150) demonstrates slightly hyperintense regions in the external portions of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (arrows), which represent superficial muscle hemorrhage https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-impact-of-double-protease-inhibitor-boosting-with-5668rqcm02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-cox-proportional-models-with-time-to-kd98iopd.png Table 2. Univariate Cox proportional models with time to plasma VL < 50 copies/mL as the outcome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-curves-of-probability-of-patients-with-3imfapjb.png Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curves of probability of patients with virologic failure achieving a plasma HIV plasma viral load (VL) of < 50 copies/mL according to the presence of amprenavir (APV) in patients taking lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-containing salvage regimens stratified by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) experience. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-patient-groups-29rnedfl.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patient groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-trough-concentrations-of-lopinavir-ritonavir-and-1gtcdpba.png Table 4. The trough concentrations of lopinavir, ritonavir, and amprenavir in the two study groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proportion-of-patients-on-apv-and-lpv-r-in-salvage-3gbd5vfu.png Table 3. Proportion of patients on APV and LPV/r in salvage regimens achieving virologic suppres- https://scispace.com/papers/clinical-significance-of-upper-airway-virus-detection-in-4voe2nneuk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-25ncg8jq.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-38po24vr.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2m3w3tq5.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/clinically-oriented-real-time-monitoring-of-the-individual-s-2bzuu2bdpe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-geometry-of-the-analytical-model-examples-of-7yliv8jv.png Fig. 1 (a) The geometry of the analytical model. Examples of finite element simulations of a specific geometry (R=20mm, h=15.38mm) with interface conditions of (b) free-slip and (c) no-slip. The α(R/h) functions for (d) free-slip and (e) no-slip simulations and the power law functions fitted to each condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synthetic-simulation-of-static-sitting-where-a-the-3ct9pkoc.png Fig. 2 Synthetic simulation of static sitting where (a) the load is applied for https://scispace.com/papers/clinico-histopathological-and-immunohistochemistry-study-of-33nbapjggz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-b-shows-well-developed-finger-like-projecting-pf2lbypz.png Figure 7 A& B. Shows well-developed finger-like projecting papillae with overlying stratum corneum, acanthosis, and uniformly down growing rete pegs. A. (X 4); B. (X10), H&E. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-papillomavirus-lesion-surgical-removal-and-sample-20v3kb7k.png Figure 1. Papillomavirus lesion, surgical removal and sample collection for histopathogical and immunohistochemical investigations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-shows-the-anatomical-locations-of-papilloma-in-2ionadq1.png Figure 2 A&B. Shows the anatomical locations of papilloma in adult cow. 2 A: Multiple lesions on the abdominal wall of cow. 2 B: Multiple lesions on the eyes of cow. Figure 3 A&B. Shows the anatomical locations of papilloma in calf .3 A: A single lesion on the abdominal wall of calf. 3 B: A single and sessile on the testes of calf. Figure 4. Shows the large papilloma lesion located on the external genital of the cow. The lesion is infected and oozing pus and easily to bleed. Figure 5 A& B. Ovine papilloma lesions. A. The papilloma lesion located on the sternum. B. The lesions located on the eye. Figure 6 A & B. Caprine papillomatosis. A. A large (equal to the size of the apple) fibropapilloma on the lower lip of the goat. B. The lesions in the perianal region were large and effected on the breeding of the animal https://scispace.com/papers/clinicopathologic-and-molecular-significance-of-phospho-akt-58qe6ihbf7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-pakt-expression-and-the-2m7dr73f.png Table 2: Correlations between pAkt expression and the expression of other tissue markers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-pakt-expression-and-the-2931xrc9.png Table 3: Correlation between pAkt expression and the clinicopathologic parameters in the studied cohort https://scispace.com/papers/clipping-demapper-for-ldpc-decoding-in-impulsive-channel-19eem18m7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-capacity-of-the-channel-with-respect-to-a-1k9h5cvg.png Fig. 1. Capacity of the channel with respect to α. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-llr-demapper-2tfkmcb6.png Fig. 2. LLR demapper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-methods-on-channel-with-a-1-8-ezkkpkyk.png Fig. 8. Comparison of the methods on channel with α = 1.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-h-p-with-respect-to-a-for-g-0-7-2xzry0nb.png Fig. 4. H/P with respect to α for γ = 0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-contour-of-the-asymptotic-performance-of-regular-36-1iznzqh0.png Fig. 5. Contour of the asymptotic performance of regular (3,6)-LDPC codes in AISN channel for α = 1.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-slope-p-wrt-a-and-g-1ekoxjrc.png Fig. 3. Slope P wrt α and γ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contour-of-the-asymptotic-performance-of-regular-36-219n48ev.png Fig. 6. Contour of the asymptotic performance of regular (3,6)-LDPC codes in AISN channel for α = 1.8. https://scispace.com/papers/clock-distribution-architectures-for-3-d-soi-integrated-38qa9on04f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-h-tree-topology-produces-the-lowest-skew-as-1k1x6jne.png Table I. The H-tree topology produces the lowest skew as compared to the other two topologies but requires three H-trees and, consequently, dissipates the greatest power. Furthermore, the skew between the first and bottom planes corresponds to the delay of a stacked TSV traversing all three planes. The delay of the TSVs is small due to the short length of the vias, favoring SOI technologies for 3-D circuits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fabricated-3-d-circuit-some-of-the-rf-pads-are-also-74tabaj2.png Fig. 3 Fabricated 3-D circuit. Some of the RF pads are also depicted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-260-3-32-5-28-3-4-2-fig-2b-168-3-68-4-18-5-49-8-fig-1xarrylt.png Fig. 2a 260.3 32.5 28.3 -4.2 Fig. 2b 168.3 -68.4 -18.5 49.8 Fig. 2c 228.5 -112.0 -130.6 -18.6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-section-of-the-mitll-3-d-fabrication-technology-3mf38avb.png Fig. 1 Cross section of the MITLL 3-D fabrication technology [4]. https://scispace.com/papers/clonal-composition-of-colonies-of-a-eusocial-aphid-2hxh4kn5fo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-dimensional-principal-coordinate-analysis-based-on-2fvueu8d.png Fig 1. Two-dimensional principal coordinate analysis based on the result of AFLP. PCoA Axis 1 and PCoA Axis 2 explained 26% and 21% of the total variance, respectively. Lower cases indicate clones (c.f., Table 1). Distance between lower cases shows a difference of fragment pattern in the result of AFLP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clonal-composition-of-the-five-c-japonica-colonies-3vafozbk.png Table 1. Clonal composition of the five C. japonica colonies. Lowercase letters indicate identical clones. S, soldier; N, non-soldier adult. https://scispace.com/papers/clonal-thermal-preferences-affect-the-strength-of-the-52glt1rz4x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-for-the-estimation-of-the-slopes-for-2o7w5s56.png Table 2. Statistics for the estimation of the slopes for population growth rate and size across 514 temperature. 515 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-origin-and-the-thermal-conditions-3js1e1ic.png Table 1. Description of the origin and the thermal conditions of the maintenance (= acclimation) 503 preceding this study for the experimental clones of Lecane inermis rotifer. WWTP – wastewater 504 treatment plant 505 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-mean-body-and-egg-size-for-studied-clones-for-o1sz7c8c.png Table 3. The mean body and egg size for studied clones for individuals sampled from the 521 common garden stock at 25 °C. Ordered from the smallest to the largest clone. 522 https://scispace.com/papers/cloning-and-expressions-of-chop-in-loach-misgurnus-46qks1legj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-d21nwd9u.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1d0m0qmg.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4d5ha52k.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/clonal-variation-for-phenotypic-plasticity-in-the-coral-1m56578l5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-three-way-nested-anova-testing-the-17cjznhn.png TABLE 6. Results of three-way nested ANOVA testing the effects of the treatment environment, origin population, and genotype on linear extension and skeletal accretion. The genotype factor is nested within the population factor. All F ratio tests were nonsignificant (P . 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-banding-patterns-of-dna-fingerprints-from-the-animal-21af760u.png TABLE 7. Banding patterns of DNA fingerprints from the animal DNA of eight aggregations of Madracis mirabilis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-principal-components-analysis-of-five-skeletal-1jx5uyxt.png TABLE 3. Principal components analysis of: five skeletal traits measured on Madracis mirabilis collected from the four treatment environments (residents), six traits measured after transplantation to the treatment environments (transplants), and five traits of both transplants and the resident corals in each environment (residents and transplants). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-scores-61-se-for-the-first-three-principal-3r1vxftx.png FIG. 5. Mean scores (61 SE) for the first three principal components (PC1–3) of transplanted and resident corals in the four treatment environments. The most heavily loaded traits for each PC are in parentheses. DB10, Dairy Bull at 10 m; DB20, Dairy Bull at 20 m; CP10, Columbus Park at 10 m; CPSP, Columbus Park Springs at 10 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-measures-of-growth-for-the-two-transplanted-1rxqzoa6.png FIG. 6. Two measures of growth for the two transplanted populations in the four treatment environments. Values are untransformed means and standard errors. ANOVA found no significant variation among environments or between populations (Table 6). DB10, Dairy Bull at 10 m; DB20, Dairy Bull at 20 m; CP10, Columbus Park at 10 m; CPSP, Columbus Park Springs at 10 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-anova-testing-the-effects-of-the-3bhzg7u4.png Table 5. Results of ANOVA testing the effects of the treatment environment and ‘‘population’’ (transplanted or resident corals) on the first three principal components (PC1–3) from PCA of five skeletal characters of both resident and transplanted corals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-madracis-mirabilis-aggregation-from-conch-reef-ucpf7l3n.png FIG. 1. (A) Madracis mirabilis aggregation from Conch Reef, Florida Keys (25 m depth); (B) branches of M. mirabilis after transplantation from Dairy Bull at 20 m to (from left): Columbus Park Springs, Columbus Park at 10 m, Dairy Bull at 10 m, Dairy Bull at 20 m (scale bar 5 1 cm); (C) scanning electron micrograph of corallites of M. mirabilis from Dairy Bull at 10 m; (D) scanning electron micrograph of corallites of M. mirabilis from Columbus Park Springs at 10 m. Note the arrow in C pointing to the hexagonally shaped ridges (pseudocostae) surrounding the corallite from Dairy Bull at 10 m, which are absent in the Columbus Park Springs at 10 m corallite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reaction-norms-of-five-traits-in-response-to-the-z3zjj6z3.png FIG. 3. Reaction norms of five traits in response to the environmental treatments. (A) Dairy Bull (DB10) genotypes; (B) Columbus Park (CP10) genotypes. Values are untransformed means. Refer to Table 1 for a summary of environmental characteristics of each treatment environment and to Fig. 2 for trait abbreviations. DB10, Dairy Bull at 10 m; DB20, Dairy Bull at 20 m; CP10, Columbus Park at 10 m; CPSP, Columbus Park Springs at 10 m. https://scispace.com/papers/close-coupled-resonant-aperture-inserts-for-waveguide-56zqvipe1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electric-fields-in-dielectric-between-aperture-arrays-2p5wkbmi.png Fig. 4. Electric fields in dielectric between aperture arrays. Aperture position on front of insert. j - - - - https://scispace.com/papers/cloning-and-upscale-production-of-monoamine-oxidase-n-mao-n-2lopcpwa6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-380-f3sxvwrj.png Table 3 380 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-384-385-1yqilc73.png Fig. 1 384 385 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-374-2qzrieve.png Table 1 374 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-391-1joiv692.png Fig. 3 391 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-377-1tn2pmth.png Table 2 377 https://scispace.com/papers/closed-expressions-for-coefficients-in-weighted-newton-cotes-4pnba19tem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-errors-of-quadrature-sums-for-n-5-5-30-2ej2i51h.png Table 1: Relative errors of quadrature sums for n = 5(5)30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-integrand-x-7-ex-cos-100px-on-1-1-100qqm95.png Figure 1: Integrand x 7→ ex cos(100πx) on [−1, 1] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-errors-of-quadrature-sums-for-n-5-5-20-in-bn9yqtba.png Table 2: Relative errors of quadrature sums for n = 5(5)20, in three different cases for w7(x) = cos(100πx) and f (x) = ex https://scispace.com/papers/cloud-mat-context-aware-personalization-of-fitness-content-16vb4dix84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cloudmat-block-diagram-the-physical-interface-and-2leporih.png Fig. 4. CloudMat Block Diagram. The physical interface and control system can be divided the main system board and the following subsystems and layers: (a) sensor array interface, (b) sensor array layer (c) lighting guidance layer and (d) lighting guidance control https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mat-sensor-array-dashboard-the-interface-allow-for-3uo6htfj.png Fig. 5. Mat Sensor Array dashboard. The interface allow for recording of user pose data and generation of pose templates to be used for pose recognition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pose-template-generation-process-a-block-diagram-of-30ao462v.png Fig. 6. Pose Template Generation Process (a) Block diagram of process for creating a pose template from the data recorded for pose. (b) Example of pose template generated for pose 8 in the sequence (c) Resulting output of the pose template generation automatically converted and stored in JSON format to be utilized by the system during content delivery. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cross-validation-results-for-template-generation-and-2g2b6d3k.png TABLE I. CROSS-VALIDATION RESULTS FOR TEMPLATE GENERATION AND POSE RECOGNITION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-physical-interface-of-cloudmat-the-structure-of-the-2cjms75o.png Fig. 1. Physical interface of CloudMat. The structure of the mat consists of a sensor array layer, actuation layer with lighting guidance and top surface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-diagram-of-sun-salutation-yoga-pose-sequence-used-14f9z25f.png Fig. 8. (a) Diagram of ‘sun salutation’ yoga pose sequence used for system evaluation. Poses marked with ‘T’ are intermediary poses required during transition to a main pose in the sequence that are not depicted explicitly. (b) Template generation results for the beginner-level sequence. (c) Template generation results for the expert-level sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pose-template-generation-algorithm-the-figure-depicts-3g5lm5ri.png Fig. 7. Pose Template Generation Algorithm. The figure depicts the process of template generation. The results shown are for pose 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-traditional-digital-media-delivery-left-368r1vdq.png Fig. 2. Structure of Traditional Digital Media Delivery (left) and Contextaware Personalized Content Delivery (right) https://scispace.com/papers/closed-expressions-for-the-magnetic-field-of-toroidal-3faf3bwga5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1n6eqo5r.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/clouds-on-the-hot-jupiter-hd189733b-constraints-from-the-85z7ugezag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectra-for-a-selection-of-cloud-models-with-ruuxe7gp.png Figure 4. Spectra for a selection of cloud models with different properties and Na VMRs. The 0.1 μm models are uniformly distributed in altitude, and the 10 μm models are between 1 and 0.1 mbar. The 0.1 μm model with 10×Na and the 10 μm model with 1×Na fit the spectrum well (χ2 < 5), whereas the other two models do not. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contour-plots-of-the-kh2-goodness-of-fit-parameter-3oby2aqf.png Figure 3. Contour plots of the χ2 goodness-of-fit parameter for (bottom left): cloud bottom pressure, optical depth, particle size, and Na volume mixing ratio; (top right): cloud optical depth, particle size, and Na volume mixing ratio for a uniformly mixed cloud. The Na VMR is quoted as a multiplication of the solar value (∼5 ppmv). Also plotted are the percentages of models with χ2 of <10 (top line) and <5 (bottom line) for each parameter. Each contour plot represents a 2D cut through the 4D parameter space, with two parameters varied and the other two held fixed in each plot. The dashed lines indicate the values used for each parameter when held fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-retrieved-gas-vmrs-for-each-of-the-four-cloud-oc5u99jy.png Table 6 The Retrieved Gas VMRs for each of the Four Cloud Models, Including the Cloud-free Case (Model 5), for Extinction-only (left) and Multiple Scattering (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-retrieved-temperature-profiles-for-each-cloud-3bznvbo2.png Figure 11. Retrieved temperature profiles for each cloud model. Thick solid lines show the a priori temperature; dotted lines show the extinction-only retrieval; and dashed lines show the multiple scattering retrieval. Thick lines show the retrieved value, and thin lines show the error envelope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-we-show-synthetic-spectral-fits-for-a-forward-ebgrxkc9.png Figure 12. We show synthetic spectral fits for a forward model containing the cloud from model 4 but the retrieved parameters from model 5 (gray) and the retrieved parameters and cloud from model 4 (black). The difference between the two spectra is small, with χ2 of 142 and 138, respectively. The numbers of spectral points (71) and degrees of freedom (54) are the same for both cases. The circles show the high-resolution synthetic spectra convolved at the Spitzer IRAC, broadband IRS, and MIPS bandpasses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-kh2-contour-plots-for-100x-solar-na-and-a-cloud-2me4q17d.png Figure 5. χ2 contour plots for 100× solar Na and a cloud from 1000–100 mbar (top) and 100–10 mbar (bottom). The best-fitting models for the first case occur for an optical depth of 1 and a particle size between 0.3 and 3 μm; for the second case, the best-fit model occurs for an optical depth of 10 and a particle size of 0.03 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-synthetic-cloud-free-stis-spectra-containing-1cn9ndph.png Figure 6. Synthetic, cloud-free STIS spectra containing different abundances of K. Varying the amount of K in the model does not significantly affect the spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-synthetic-cloud-free-stis-spectra-including-tio-and-2b7p1enq.png Figure 7. Synthetic, cloud-free STIS spectra including TiO and VO. The presence of TiO and VO is unlikely in HD 189733b as it is expected to be too cold for TiO and VO condensates to evaporate, but including these species in the model produces a good fit to the spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/clustering-huge-protein-sequence-sets-in-linear-time-22u0lysa05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-linear-time-clustering-algorithm-steps-1-and-2-find-1ldsbhwg.png Fig. 5 Linear-time clustering algorithm. Steps 1 and 2 find exact k-mer matches between the N input sequences that are extended in step 3 and 4. (1) Linclust selects in each sequence the m (default: 20) k-mers with the lowest hash function values, as this tends to select the same k-mers across https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-linear-time-clustering-algorithm-1-for-2e13pms0.png Fig. 1 Overview of linear-time clustering algorithm. (1) For each sequence Linclust selects m k-mers (with the lowest hash function values). It sorts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linclust-and-linclust-mmseqs2-manifest-unique-linear-ci5pc62g.png Fig. 2 Linclust and Linclust/MMseqs2 manifest unique linear scaling of runtime with sequence set size. a Runtime versus input set size on linear scales. The plotting symbols indicate the sequence identity threshold for clustering of 90%, 70%, and 50%. The curves are fits with a power law, bNa. For comparison, we include runtimes of all-against-all searches using sequence search tools DIAMOND, RAPsearch2, and MASH. Runtimes were measured on a server with two Intel Xeon E5-2640v3 8-core CPUs and 128 GB RAM. b Same as (a) but on log-log scales. c Average number of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-distance-distribution-between-1zgp8gnt.png Fig. 3 Cumulative distance distribution between representative sequences. We clustered the test set of 123 million sequences at three different https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cluster-consistency-of-go-molecular-functional-and-rvc4knga.png Fig. 4 Cluster consistency of GO molecular functional and Pfam annotations. a Cluster annotation consistency of GO functional annotations inferred from experiments (EXP_F). “Mean” and “worst” refers to the mean and the minimum annotation similarity between each representative https://scispace.com/papers/co-phasing-the-large-binocular-telescope-status-and-52oa7f5gqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-left-fourier-spectrum-of-the-differential-1uvgbv7o.png Figure 5. Top left, Fourier spectrum of the differential piston measured by accelerometers located on the two secondary mirrors (blue curve) and corresponding closed-loop Fourier spectrum of the OPD measured by LBTI/PHASECam (red curve). Both data sets have been taken simultaneously on March 11st 2014 at UT5:33. Top right, corresponding crossspectral density showing good coherence in the 10-13 Hz range. Bottom left, closed-loop power spectral density of the OPD measured by LBTI/PHASECam compared to the power spectral density of a Kolmogorov atmospheric model computed by assuming a Fried parameter of 10 cm (at 500 nm), a wind speed of 10 m/s, and a outer scale of the turbulence of 10 m (dashed line). Bottom right, corresponding reverse cumulative OPD rms (from 500 Hz) showing that most of the remaining noise lies in the 10-15 Hz and 80-500 Hz frequency ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-the-lbti-shown-with-the-optical-path-257vcteh.png Figure 1. Components of the LBTI shown with the optical path through the beam combiner and the NIC cryostat. Starlight is reflected on LBT primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries before coming into this diagram on the top right and top left. The visible light is reflected on the entrance window and used for adaptive optics while the infrared light is transmitted into LBTI, where all subsequent optics are cryogenic. The beam combiner directs the light with steerable mirrors and can adjust pathlength for interferometry. Inside the NIC cryostat, 3-5µm light is directed to LMIRCam for exoplanet imaging, 2.0-2.4µm light is directed to the phase sensor, which measures the differential tip/tilt and phase between the two primary mirrors, and 8-13µm light is directed to NOMIC for Fizeau imaging or nulling interferometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-the-nulling-portion-of-nic-both-outputs-3pahwqmu.png Figure 2. Sketch of the nulling portion of NIC. Both outputs of the interferometer are directed to the near-infrared phase sensor (PHASECam) while one output is reflected to the NOMIC science detector with a short pass dichroic. To provide a flexible approach to phase sensing, the lenses in front of PHASECam can be selected to image either the image plane or the pupil plane. The default approach as shown in Figure 3 uses the pupil plane. This particular configuration represents a testing with the internal artificial source located in the image plane on the left side of the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lbtis-phase-sensing-approach-noise-free-model-on-w33dd5cy.png Figure 3. LBTI’s phase sensing approach (noise-free model on top and on-sky data from March 17th 2014 on the bottom). Pupil images of two interferometric outputs are formed on PHASECam (one output shown on the left) and the Fourier transform is computed to sense both tip/tilt and phase. The peak position in the amplitude of the Fourier image (middle images) provides the tip/tilt error signal while the argument of the Fourier image (right images) at the peak position provides the phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-open-loop-null-histogram-before-december-2013-and-1zlar924.png Figure 4. Open-loop null histogram (before December 2013) and closed-loop null histogram (after December 2013) obtained with LBTI/NOMIC. The open-loop null measurements range from near 0 to 100%, following the random phase variations between the two telescopes, while the closed-loop null measurements are peaking to a null depth of a few percent (as indicated by the red curve representing a Gaussian-kernel fit to the histogram). The closed-loop null depth is currently limited to a few percent due to an intensity mismatch between the two beams. https://scispace.com/papers/clustering-vehicle-trajectories-with-hidden-markov-models-3wp7akuia6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-detection-results-as-a-function-of-the-weighting-2tb5c7i2.png TABLE I DETECTION RESULTS AS A FUNCTION OF THE WEIGHTING FACTORα, WHICH CONTROLS THE ADAPTATION OF THEHMM S TO THE TRAFFIC CONFLICT INSTANCES. ”CD” INDICATES THE NUMBER OF CORRECTLY DETECTED TRAFFIC CONFLICTS, ”U NCERTAIN TC” THE NUMBER OF UNCERTAIN TRAFFIC CONFLICTS, AND ”FA” THE FALSE ALARMS. THE ROW ”α = 0” INDICATES THE RESULTS WITHOUT ANY ADAPTATION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-average-final-numberkf-of-hmms-over-10-runs-of-the-1smvpnrm.png Fig. 3. The average final numberKf of HMMs, over 10 runs of the clustering algorithm 1, as a function of the initial numberKi, for different numbers of statesM . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-image-of-the-traffic-sequences-3sg91nun.png Fig. 1. An image of the traffic sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-trajectories-involved-in-a-traffic-3vrdg9zg.png Fig. 2. An example of trajectories involved in a traffic conflict. https://scispace.com/papers/co-creation-experience-and-place-attachment-festival-4gkyxdjha4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-micom-step-3-results-1r8mi5n3.png Table 7. MICOM Step 3 results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-macao-international-parade-mgto-2018-o4pl3ums.png Figure 2: Macao International Parade (MGTO, 2018) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-assessment-of-reliability-and-validity-of-reflective-3hv3evyt.png Table 3. Assessment of reliability and validity of reflective constructs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-htmt-results-for-reflective-constructs-hdoosy5f.png Table 4. HTMT results for reflective constructs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-hypothesized-conceptual-model-367oojbq.png Figure 1: A hypothesized conceptual model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-estimation-results-6nx38h92.png Figure 3. Model estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-test-of-differences-between-path-coefficients-190ypcet.png Table 8. Test of differences between path coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hypotheses-testing-results-n-444-20nbsimc.png Table 5. Hypotheses testing results (n = 444) https://scispace.com/papers/co-culturing-of-native-bacteria-from-drinking-water-4dec9wlopq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-arrangement-set-up-to-study-the-screening-of-the-2chogeu9.png Fig. 1. Arrangement/set-up to study the screening of the biofilm-forming bacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-crystal-violet-and-b-3-45-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-25-6jtk7tqp.png Fig. 3. A) Crystal violet and; B) 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay to determine the cell biomass and cell viability of the formed biofilm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-results-compiled-in-the-form-of-the-jjekfq2e.png Table 1 Optimization results compiled in the form of the model equations using central composite design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-flow-rate-b-dissolved-organic-carbon-removal-c-1p0whcv6.png Fig. 4. A) Flow rate; B) Dissolved organic carbon removal; C) Protein concentration; and D) Cell viability of/due to the biofilm formed over the sand surface of the filters studied (Some points in Fig. 4 (C) is missing for filter B, B+X and control as protein formed was too less to quantify for the amount of sand sampled). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detailed-schematic-representation-of-laboratory-column-vi1s70wu.png Fig. 2. Detailed schematic representation of laboratory column-setup (only 4 shown here, in actual eight filters present). https://scispace.com/papers/coal-fuelled-crucible-lead-silver-smelting-in-12th-13th-bk2rlqqhcs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cost-breakdown-of-18th-century-lead-smelting-in-3c3kze73.png Table 3 Cost breakdown of 18th-century lead smelting in Lingzhou. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-sections-of-crucible-base-slag-and-fuel-ash-1b508kyw.png Figure 4 Cross-sections of crucible, base, slag and fuel-ash slag samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-graphic-illustration-of-crucible-smelting-process-soll8e5w.png Figure 11 Graphic illustration of crucible smelting process identified at the site of Yanchuan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-argillaceous-inclusions-top-and-coal-fragments-12e8eyuy.png Figure 5 Argillaceous inclusions (top) and coal fragments (bottom) identified inside the crucible ceramic matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-satellite-map-showing-the-landscape-of-the-yanchuan-2f8koe8s.png Figure 2 Satellite map showing the landscape of the Yanchuan site and the excavation area that yielded tubular crucibles and other production remains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-crucible-charge-of-experimental-smelting-mixed-1dyosq5o.png Table 2 The crucible charge of experimental smelting, mixed before charging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mineral-coal-and-coal-gangue-fragments-found-in-the-3egmfhlp.png Figure 9 Mineral coal and coal gangue fragments found in the coal-ash slag samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bulk-chemical-composition-of-the-crucible-slag-from-1pyju8q3.png Table 1 Bulk chemical composition of the crucible slag from the site of Yanchuan. https://scispace.com/papers/co2-packing-polymorphism-under-pressure-mechanism-and-4ikd6nflrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-evolution-of-the-cvs-li-a-and-liii-b-over-150-ns-x93ija4x.png FIG. 3. Time evolution of the CVs λI (a) and λIII (b) over 150 ns, and of the box edges (c) for the first 30 ns, of WTMetaD at 350 K, 5 GPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fess-at-350-k-under-a-range-of-pressure-1-gpa-f-3-gpa-2jmxj85j.png FIG. 4. FESs at 350 K under a range of pressure: 1 GPa (f), 3 GPa (g), 5 GPa (a), 8 GPa (h), and 12 GPa (i). The colour bar spaces for all surfaces from 0 to 1400 kJ/mol. Blue boxes locate the basin of phase I, orange boxes locate the basin of phase III, and the melt is within a green box while black rectangles identify phase I with defects. In addition, (a) reports also the minimum free energy transition path (red). The structures reported are III in (b), I in (c), and two examples of packing faults in (d) and (e); the letters are an aid to compare the packing. Only one plane is displayed as the most explicative of defects; however, while one of the not shown planes is almost perfect, the other has the correct motif, but the layers are not perfectly aligned. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-stability-between-different-phases-a-and-1wjbkzrt.png FIG. 5. Relative stability between different phases (a) and breakdown of the free energy (b) at 350 K and increasing pressure from 3 to 12 GPa. In (a), green squares represent ∆G between phase I and III, red squares represent ∆G between perfect phase I and defected structures I, while blue squares represent ∆G between a comprehensive phase I, including configurations with and without defects, and phase III. Positive values of ∆G mean that phase III (green, blue) and defected I (red) are more stable. The error bars are obtained from a weighted averaged on simulation time, similar to the work of Berteotti et al.68 In (b), the focus in on the contributions to the relative stability between phases I and III: ∆G obtained by WTMetaD is again plotted in green, yellow represents the internal energy difference of the two phases from MD, and red represents their difference in mechanical work from MD, while blue represents the entropy difference obtained from the definition of Gibbs free energy [Eq. (4)]; we report the entropic contribution as -T∆S so that for all the terms considered negative values stabilize phase I and positive phase III. In both graphs, dashed lines are an aid to the eye to visualise the trend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-details-of-the-phase-diagram-of-co2-at-high-30y1c38q.png FIG. 1. (a) Details of the phase diagram of CO2 at high temperature and pressure from the work of Datchi et al.24 with the phases of interest of the present work highlighted (I in blue, III in orange). The red dots represent the condition of temperature and pressure investigated. [(b) and (d)] Snapshots of different planes of the 256-molecule supercell in phases I and III, respectively. (c) Details of phase III with the typical 52-degree angle φ are highlighted; in particular, the red arrow aligns with the direction of the side of the box, while the black dashed one aligns with the CO2 molecular axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-transition-pathway-in-the-space-of-cvs-at-350-k-over-1u138t0w.png FIG. 6. (a) Transition pathway in the space of CVs at 350 K over the range of pressures investigated. (b) Projection of the free energy along the curvilinear path coordinate at 350 K over a range of pressures. The progression along the MFEP spaces between 0 in phase III and 1 in phase I. The minimum of phase I’s basin is the free energy reference. In both graphs, blue dots represent phase I, while orange represent phase III. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-the-trappe-force-field-3npugky2.png TABLE I. Parameters for the TraPPE force field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-committor-analysis-results-with-the-transition-qi5ihs9d.png FIG. 7. Committor analysis results, with the transition mechanism described only by the CVs [(a) and (c)] or by the CVs and the box anisotropy [(b) and (d)–(f)]. In (a), coloured dots represent configurations, r, extracted along the MFEP (black) on the CV-space; their colour is based on the committor of each configuration, shading from black for pIII (r) = 0 to red for pIII (r) = 1. The same colour code applies to the inset in (a), which reports the committor as a function of the progression along the MFEP; in the same graph, the sigmoid dashed line is an aid to the eye to read the trend. The histogram test on configurations r so that λ(r) = λ∗ of the TS shows three peaks (c). The inclusion of the box anisotropy to the λ-order parameters to describe the mechanism requires a 3D representation, and thus in (b), we report the free energy as a function of these three parameters through a colour plot and the transition path through red dots; the results of the histogram test (d) on configurations with the same λI , λIII , and anisotropy of the TS confirm that this set of parameters is effective and complete. In (e), the free energy is plotted as a function of the progression along the 3D path highlighted in (b), with reference in phase III. An orange dot locates phase III (at progression zero along the path), a blue dot locates phase I (at progression 1), and a red dot locates the transition state; representations of the structures of phase I, phase III, and the TS are within blue, orange, and red rectangles, respectively. The same colour code is employed for the angle distributions for phase I, phase III, and the TS presented in (f). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-tuning-of-the-l-order-parameters-the-angle-set-th1-25gpki6z.png TABLE II. Tuning of the λ-order parameters. The angle set, θ1 and θ2, and only one Gaussian width, as for symmetry reasons it is the same for both angles, are reported. The cutoff values for the number of neighbours, ncut , and the coordination shell, rcut , are presented as well. https://scispace.com/papers/coal-cleaning-by-gas-agglomeration-x9hkvtqrno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-system-used-for-investigating-the-3l5s1wxl.png Figure 1. Experimental system used for investigating the influence of gas pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/co2-so2-emission-reduction-in-co2-shipping-infrastructure-mq5ek4l0tp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-simulation-results-of-the-capture-plant-process-3r0gnoa2.png Table 11: Simulation results of the capture plant process https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-reference-lpg-carrier-62-1d89w5q6.png Table 1 Characteristics of the reference LPG carrier [62] Table 2: Elemental Analysis of HFO [63] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-co2-phase-diagram-52-figure-4-two-stage-direct-2qkm5g2d.png Figure 3: CO2 phase diagram [52] Figure 4: Two-stage direct compression cycle [49] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simplified-flowsheet-munmorah-pilot-plant-with-2z2kelzr.png Figure 8: Simplified flowsheet Munmorah pilot plant with operation of two parallel columns [17] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-reference-case-scenario-at-85-load-without-capture-1ol7vnb6.png Figure 12: Reference case scenario at 85% load without capture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-linking-the-flue-gas-from-the-ship-energy-system-3jf6ijlz.png Figure 13: Linking the flue gas from the ship energy system with capture plant at 85% load https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sulphur-content-limits-in-bunker-fuels-89-vac4tngy.png Figure 1: Sulphur content limits in bunker fuels [8,9] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-model-flowsheet-of-the-diesel-engine-in-aspen-plus-1wt0p1xu.png Figure 5: Model flowsheet of the diesel engine in Aspen Plus TM V10 [52] https://scispace.com/papers/coast-to-coast-spread-of-sars-cov-2-in-the-united-states-2389vko54m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-domestic-outbreaks-and-travel-are-a-rising-source-2iiln14u.png Figure 2. Domestic outbreaks and travel are a rising source of SARS-CoV-2 importations. (A) To compare the relative risks of SARS-CoV-2 importations from domestic and international sources, we selected five international (China, Italy, Iran, Spain, and Germany) and out-of-region U.S. states (Washington, California, Florida, Illinois, and Louisiana) with the highest number of reported COVID-19 cases as of March 19, 2020. (B) We selected three international airports in the region that are commonly used by Connecticut residents: Hartford (BDL), Boston (BOS), and New York (JFK). We used data from January to March, 2019, to estimate relative differences in daily air passenger volumes from the selected origins to the airport destinations. These daily estimates were then combined by either international or domestic travel. (C-D) The cumulative number of daily COVID-19 cases were divided by 100,000 population to calculate normalized disease prevalence for each location. (E) We calculated importation risk by modelling the number of daily prevalent COVID-19 cases in each potential importation source and then estimating the number of infected travelers using the daily air travel volume from each location. Data, criteria, and analyses used to create this figure can be found in Data S3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-covid-19-outbreak-in-connecticut-is-1f91xcci.png Figure 1. The COVID-19 outbreak in Connecticut is phylogenetically linked to SARS-CoV-2 from Washington. (A) We constructed a maximum-likelihood tree using 168 global SARS-CoV-2 protein coding sequences, including 9 sequences from COVID-19 patients identified in Connecticut from March 6-14, 2020. The total number of nucleotide differences from the root of the tree quantifies evolution since the putative SARS-CoV-2 https://scispace.com/papers/coarse-grain-simulations-of-solid-supported-lipid-bilayers-16qvjnvh14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-confined-water-thickness-tpw-as-a-function-of-20j585it.png Figure 3: Confined water thickness (tpW) as a function of simulation time (t) for fluid DPPC membrane,with and without the artificial pore. The substrate model is a frozen disordered Nda coating (thickness of 2.0 nm and density of 8 beads per nm3). The simulation without pore has been stopped after 4 µs. The values plotted are sliding averages over 1000 values corresponding to time windows of 100 ns. Typical standard deviations around these averages are 0.1 nm for the simulation with the pore. They are negligible for the simulation without the pore. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-particle-density-profiles-r-along-the-coordinate-z-30isf1k1.png Figure 6: Particle density profiles ρ along the coordinate z normal to the substrate, in the SLB simulations of DPPC with a P4 wall ("tails" labels C1 beads, "heads" labels the choline, phosphate and glycerol beads). The top wall is either a P4 at density 8 part·nm−3, or a N0 at density 1 part·nm−3 for the temperatures 323 K and 295 K respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-coarse-grained-model-of-the-phospholipid-within-3p25mxte.png Figure 2: (A) : Coarse-grained model of the phospholipid within Martini. DPPC (C16) is depicted here. Each of the two tails of DAPC (C20) contains 5 hydrophobic beads, instead of 4 for DPPC. (B) Stick of beads constructed to cross the membrane and to stabilize a pore. (C) Typical coating layer (up view and side view). Here, the sphere diameter is 0.47 nm, as the other particles of the model, representing Martini water density. This diameter was decreased when the coating particle density increased. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-top-scattering-length-density-profiles-from-md-1orjj9nw.png Figure 10: Top: Scattering Length Density profiles from MD simulation of the gel DPPC SLBs at 295 K, with ρwall = 4, 8, 16 part·nm−3. Bottom: Corresponding reflectivity curves, compared to experimental data from Ref. 13 for the same temperature, hydrogenated lipids and deuterated water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relative-lipid-number-difference-in-the-two-2pwfgfb4.png Figure 7: Relative lipid number difference in the two leaflets 〈∆pdL 〉 as a function of the confined water thickness 〈tpW〉, for the fluid SLBs of DPPC and DAPC (323 K). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-simulations-discussed-in-this-work-densities-7hlu75ig.png Table 1: List of simulations discussed in this work. Densities ρwall and ρcoating are expressed in particle per nm3, and thicknesses in nm. Without bottom and top walls (job IDs 1 to 5), periodic boundary conditions are used in z-direction. For the job IDs 10 to 13, two semi-infinite walls are implemented. The Bottom and Top walls are indicated on Fig. 1(C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-equilibrium-confined-water-thickness-tpw-as-a-3pautwuw.png Figure 8: Equilibrium confined water thickness 〈tpW〉 as a function of wall density ρwall, for the SLB simulations of two lipids at two temperatures. Top : The lines correspond to fits using Eq. 5 with 4 parameters. Bottom : The lines correspond to fits using Eq. S16, emerging from Eq. 7 with 6 parameters. Two of these parameters are the bending moduli Kc, fixed at 40 kBT and 200 kBT for the fluid and gel phases respectively58–61. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-confined-water-thickness-tpw-as-a-function-of-k4g03r38.png Figure 5: Confined water thickness (tpW) as a function of simulation time (t) for different densities of the semi-infinite wall potential (ρwall), in part.·nm−3), for fluid DPPC SLBs at 323 K. The statistical analysis is the same as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/coarse-grained-detection-of-student-frustration-in-an-18y74itiey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weka-linear-regression-model-predicting-average-37fd00pe.png Table 1. Weka linear regression model, predicting average frustration across all labs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weka-linear-regression-model-predicting-frustration-3pa903y6.png Table 2. Weka linear regression model, predicting frustration in individual labs. https://scispace.com/papers/cobvis-d-a-computer-vision-system-for-describing-the-cephalo-4qa889nbt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-true-lip-corners-circles-among-all-the-lip-corner-2bgvxhts.png Fig. 4 True lip corners (circles) among all the lip corner candidates (stars) inside the search window (rectangle). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulator-cockpit-with-the-three-cameras-positioned-in-1sa9m0jt.png Fig. 1 Simulator cockpit with the three cameras positioned in front of the driver (box in topleft) (a). Simulator screen as seen from the cockpit (b). User interface for the instructor (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-left-and-right-lip-corners-detection-versus-frame-m0o5hply.png Table 1. Left and right lip corners detection versus frame number for 18 subjects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-head-orientation-estimation-for-an-elderly-driver-30bxj34h.png Fig. 3 Head orientation estimation for an elderly driver wearing glasses, for different frames, different cameras (the camera used is highlighted in yellow), and for different angles. The upper images are extracted from a video sequence, and the bottom images represent the head https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-on-a-b-and-c-the-green-points-are-the-outer-most-ateam4gi.png Fig. 2 On (a), (b), and (c), the green points are the outer most points of the head and the red point represents the half way point between the eyes. The mean histogram is computed between the two yellow lines. The helmet on the driver is a head tracker that can be used as a reference for our computation. It is not used by the algorithm (a). b) Histogram between the yellow lines, and position of the half way point between the eyes and the outer most points of the head (b). Normalized pixel value of the position of the points (c). https://scispace.com/papers/cod-reduction-of-process-wastewater-with-vacuum-evaporation-20ey91pxlj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-technical-characteristics-of-led-italia-r150-v3-type-u8mfyykh.png Table 1. Technical characteristics of LED Italia R150-v3 type vacuum evaporator [13] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nominal-performance-of-led-italia-r150-v3-type-26xmopsy.png Table 2. Nominal performance of LED Italia R150-v3 type vacuum evaporator [13] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-diagram-of-led-italia-r-150-heat-pump-2qrwkbky.png Figure 1. Process diagram of LED Italia R-150 heat pump evaporator [14] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-water-phase-diagram-17-1v340t6c.png Figure 6 Water phase diagram [17] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-yield-results-versus-boiling-temperatures-2ph6c3zs.png Figure 4. Yield results versus boiling temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-yield-results-versus-pressure-values-3jj7x2fj.png Figure 5. Yield results versus pressure values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-yield-results-versus-cod-values-in-distillate-line-hgnmgfdv.png Figure 3. Yield results versus COD values in distillate (Line means the emission limit) https://scispace.com/papers/code-ownership-in-open-source-software-3wsjfh4cav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-the-ownership-metric-per-package-3pn7rkl7.png Figure 1: Distribution of the Ownership metric per package, with the whole history of the project. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-the-number-of-bugs-per-package-with-1ashd0n4.png Figure 4: Distribution of the number of bugs per package, with the whole history of the project. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-number-of-minor-developers-per-23biw7zl.png Figure 3: Distribution of the number of minor developers per package, with the whole history of the project. Equinox and PDE are not displayed as there is no minor developers in these projects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-the-number-of-major-developers-per-3mb7b3ue.png Figure 2: Distribution of the number of major developers per package, with the whole history of the project. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regular-and-partial-correlation-for-the-package-10rj3g61.png Table 4: Regular and partial correlation for the package granularity and whole history. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regular-and-partial-correlation-for-the-package-2uqtmtla.png Table 2: Regular and partial correlation for the package granularity and last release history. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regular-and-partial-correlation-for-the-file-jgl7j4md.png Table 3: Regular and partial correlation for the file granularity and last release history. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regular-and-partial-correlation-for-the-file-13r0orc6.png Table 5: Regular and partial correlation for the file granularity and whole history. https://scispace.com/papers/coexisting-linear-and-widely-linear-transceivers-in-the-mimo-1w2oj7rbiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sum-rate-in-bits-s-hz-vs-e-interference-strength-for-3hpjc1f9.png Fig. 4: Sum-rate (in bits/s/Hz) vs. η (interference strength) for the K-user MIMO IC. K = 5, SNR=10dB. Antenna configuration: (a) 1× 1, (b) 2× 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sum-rate-in-bits-s-hz-vs-k-for-the-k-user-mimo-ic-snr-2ybusozv.png Fig. 3: Sum-rate (in bits/s/Hz) vs. K for the K-user MIMO IC. SNR=10dB, η = 1. Antenna configuration: (a) 1× 1, (b) 2× 2, (c) 4× 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-vs-k-for-the-k-user-mimo-ic-snr-10db-e-1-1cnsmzmm.png Fig. 6: Performance vs. K for the K-user MIMO IC. SNR=10dB, η = 1, 2× 2. Fairness utility. Performance metric: (a) sum-rate, (b) 5%-tile rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sum-rate-in-bits-s-hz-vs-snr-in-db-for-the-k-user-mimo-5ydrddv9.png Fig. 5: Sum-rate (in bits/s/Hz) vs. SNR (in dB) for the K-user MIMO IC. η = 1, 2× 2. K value: (a) K = 3, (b) K = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-k-user-mimo-ic-for-a-backwards-compatibility-oriented-yc8pdl63.png Fig. 1: K-user MIMO IC for a backwards compatibility-oriented scenario with mixed transmitters. Solid lines represent desired signals and dashed lines denote interfering signals. In this particular scenario, TX 2 is restricted to employ LP while the other transmitters can adopt WLP if required. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sum-rate-in-bits-s-hz-vs-iteration-number-in-a-random-ht28gzwq.png Fig. 2: Sum-rate (in bits/s/Hz) vs. iteration number in a random channel realization of the K-user MIMO IC. K = 5, SNR=10dB, η = 1. Antenna configuration: 2× 2 and 1× 1. https://scispace.com/papers/cognitive-abilities-related-to-tool-use-in-the-woodpecker-2evcqpalrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-meang-sd-latency-s-until-successful-insertion-of-a-3tddao7o.png Table 4. MeanG SD latency (s) until successful insertion of a modified tool, and total number of the three types of errors in the modification task with natural tools in first and second blocks (N ¼ 7) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-meang-sd-latency-s-until-successful-insertion-of-a-20uckvd0.png Table 3.MeanG SD latency (s) until successful insertion of a modified tool, and number of the three types of errors in the modification task with artificial tools https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-apparatus-used-in-the-trap-tube-task-experiment-1-wgs7av1h.png Figure 1. (a) Apparatus used in the trap tube task (experiment 1), consisting of a Plexiglas tube with a hole lateral to the centre and a trap underneath. (b) In the control condition the tube was rotated, so that the trap was ineffective. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-rewards-obtained-in-a-the-transparent-3mzkzu2t.png Figure 2. Percentage of rewards obtained in (a) the transparent trap tube task in experimental blocks 1e5 and (b) the opaque trap tube task in blocks 1e4 (N ¼ 20 trials per block). Block 5 of the transparent trap tube task was performed after the opaque trap tube task. The dotted horizontal line marks the significance level at 75%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-median-number-range-of-insertions-into-the-1qc2q3iq.png Table 1. Median number (range) of insertions into the transparent trap tube, and side changes from one opening to the other, and mean (range) time (s) until loss or access of the reward in the first and last experimental blocks of the transparent trap tube task and the control task https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-apparatus-used-in-the-tool-length-experiment-6p62r4lh.png Figure 3. Apparatus used in the tool length experiment (experiment 2). Woodpecker finches could choose between five tools, mounted on a wooden block, to reach the reward that was presented at five distances to the opening in the transparent Plexiglas tube. https://scispace.com/papers/cognitive-behavioural-treatment-for-subacute-and-chronic-1jbd56u7sa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-1xw3fcpl.png Figure 1. Flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-forest-plot-of-comparison-3-cbt-versus-other-types-tjejahd2.png Figure 8. Forest plot of comparison: 3 CBT versus other types of treatment (chronic NP), outcome: 3.2 Pain (intermediate-term follow-up). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-forest-plot-of-comparison-3-cbt-versus-other-types-3kwjkhlk.png Figure 9. Forest plot of comparison: 3 CBT versus other types of treatment (chronic NP), outcome: 3.3 Disability (short-term follow-up). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-forest-plot-of-comparison-4-cbt-in-addition-to-3huobc0e.png Figure 11. Forest plot of comparison: 4 CBT in addition to another intervention versus the other intervention alone (chronic NP), outcome: 4.1 Pain (short-term follow-up). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-forest-plot-of-comparison-4-cbt-in-addition-to-3eff0l0k.png Figure 12. Forest plot of comparison: 4 CBT in addition to another intervention versus the other intervention alone (chronic NP), outcome: 4.2 Disability (short-term follow-up). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-forest-plot-of-comparison-3-cbt-versus-other-types-32af5kk7.png Figure 10. Forest plot of comparison: 3 CBT versus other types of treatment (chronic NP), outcome: 3.4 Disability (intermediate-term follow-up). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plot-of-comparison-1-cbt-versus-other-types-6dwktcio.png Figure 3. Forest plot of comparison: 1 CBT versus other types of treatment (subacute NP), outcome: 1.1 Pain (short-term follow-up). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forest-plot-of-comparison-1-cbt-versus-other-types-2b4niywo.png Figure 4. Forest plot of comparison: 1 CBT versus other types of treatment (subacute NP), outcome: 1.2 Disability (short-term follow-up). https://scispace.com/papers/cognitive-impairment-in-the-first-year-after-breast-cancer-1lvhh1vnet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-3j4i5r6h.png Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients with normal cognitive function for their age and education at baseline (N ¼ 418). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adjusted-relative-risks-rr-and-corresponding-95-3imlsws8.png Table 2 Adjusted relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the relation between different characteristics of the patients and the occurrence of cognitive impairmenta during the first year after enrolment, according to the patients anxiety status at baseline (N ¼ 418). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adjusted-relative-risks-rr-and-corresponding-95-2euthaub.png Table 3 Adjusted relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the relation between different chemotherapy schemes and the occurrence of cognitive impairmenta during the first year after enrolment in patients without anxiety at baseline (N ¼ 259). https://scispace.com/papers/coherence-and-aberration-effects-in-surface-plasmon-4gpt3ls0hu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-recorded-lrm-intensity-of-a-dipole-in-the-3tganmre.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Recorded LRM intensity of a dipole in the image plane (at the tip image position) as a function of the defocusing FS. The maximum is obtained for a distance FS = d − zF 14.5 μm. Here, the dipole is along the x direction and h = 20 nm while the gold film is 50 nm thick. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-simulation-of-the-lrm-aberrated-images-in-1l6cmmrv.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Simulation of the LRM aberrated images in the ′ plane due to objective and glass-oil index mismatch (see text). (a) For the vertical dipole case and (b) for the horizontal dipole aligned with the x direction (b) and located on the air side on top of a 50 nm thick metal film at a distance h = 20 nm of the air-gold interface (compare with Fig. 3). The wavelength is λ = 633 nm and the optical constants for gold are taken from [58]. The insets show unsaturated zooms of the central regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-simulation-of-the-spp-field-imaged-in-the-1cm18tu5.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Simulation of the SPP field imaged in the ′ plane for, respectively, a radiating vertical dipole (a) or horizontal dipole aligned with the x direction (b) and located on the air side on top of a 50 nm thick metal film at a distance h = 20 nm of the air-gold interface. The wavelength is λ = 633 nm and the optical constants for gold are taken from [58]. The insets show zooms of the central regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-sketch-of-the-geometrical-rays-and-170d5lt2.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Sketch of the geometrical rays and interface involved in the spherical aberration modeling (details in the text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sketch-of-the-optical-microscope-wm5k00nb.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Sketch of the optical microscope including a high numerical aperture objective. Rays originating from the focus F1 are collimated along the optical axis after crossing the reference sphere 1. The plane is mapped onto ′. 1 is the back focal plane of the objective and 2, 2 play for the ocular or tube lens the same role played by 1, 1 for the objective. The metal sample of thickness d is located between the plane z = 0 and d (object plane, ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-experimental-images-of-spp-scattering-by-1s2rhgir.png FIG. 11. (Color online) Experimental images of SPP scattering by a circular slit (6 μm diameter) milled on a 200 nm thick gold film. The SPPs are excited by a NSOM tip located at the center of the structure (a) and (b) or at 12 μm outside the cavity (c) and (d). (a), (c) The direct space images and (b), (d) the associated Fourier space images. The inset in (a) shows a scanning electron image of the structure (scale bar 1 μm). The white arrow indicates the tip polarization effective dipole. The tip position T is visible in (c) the distance AT = 9 μm (scale bar 5 μm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-simulations-of-the-images-obtained-in-16qib6r0.png FIG. 12. (Color online) Simulations of the images obtained in Fig. 11 using the aberration theory developed in this work. (a), (c) The direct space images and (b), (d) the associated Fourier space images. The parameters are the same as for Fig. 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-fourier-space-images-associated-with-the-2fmvjvz0.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Fourier space images associated with the real space images of Fig. 3. (a) For the vertical dipole and (b) for the horizontal one. The dashed white circle represents unit circle NA = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/coherent-scatterers-detection-application-over-glacier-1rjfhrdgiy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-candidate-pairs-to-be-the-same-cs-between-two-2leig13m.png Figure 4 – Candidate pairs to be the same CS between two consecutive images (image 2 and image 3). (a) Candidate pairs between image 2 (red points) and image 3 (green points) with a window detection of the 10% of the shift in the area. (b) Candidates between image 2 and image 3 with a detection window of the 90%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-candidate-pairs-to-be-the-same-cs-between-two-yxu7r8mf.png Figure 3 – Candidate pairs to be the same CS between two consecutive images (image 1 and image 2). (a) Candidate pairs between image 1 (red points) and image 2 (green points) with a window detection of the 10% of the shift in the area. (b) Candidates between image 1 and image 2 with a detection window of the 90%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-the-phase-as-a-function-of-frequency-jmlxdo0a.png Figure 1 - Examples of the phase as a function of frequency for: (a) three CSs; (b) three non-CSs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-common-range-azimuth-css-detected-using-the-phase-2jpk8lqh.png Figure 2 - Common range-azimuth CSs detected using the phase variance approach (threshold ² < 0.0025 rad²). The range direction is on the horizontal axis. (a) In red, CSs detected in image 1 (16-06-2009): 450 points. (b) In green, CSs detected in image 2 (30-06-2009): 363 points. (c) In blue, CSs detected in image 3 (11-07-2009): 507 points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-number-of-detected-css-on-the-rocks-area-for-seven-39feq5bj.png Table 1 - (a) Number of detected CSs on the rocks area for seven consecutive images (from 19 June 2009 to 24 August 2009, every 11 days). (b) Number of stable CSs on the rocks area, from only one image (red) to all seven images (violet). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stable-points-in-the-rocks-in-long-term-period-from-4aep0328.png Figure 5 – Stable points in the rocks in long term period: from red points (detected CSs visible in only one image) to violet points (detected CSs visible in all seven images). https://scispace.com/papers/coherent-entropy-induced-and-acoustic-noise-separation-in-21uwqcq19a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-of-time-constants-using-signals-at-10-hz-34g641on.png Table 2 Estimation of time constants using signals at 10 Hz modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-velocity-modulation-level-u-u-rms-and-root-mean-square-226yyt3z.png Fig. 7. Velocity modulation level u u/rms and root-mean-square compensated temperature fluctuation Trms as a function of the forcing frequency for the optimized operating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-modulus-left-and-phase-angle-right-of-the-reflection-21cgh7q7.png Fig. 10. Modulus (left) and phase angle (right) of the reflection coefficient for configurations D12-1 (top), D12-2 (middle) and D06-1 (bottom). Analytical predictions of a (blackline), σ( ≠ )0 (◯) and σ( = )0 ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-components-of-the-temperature-and-acoustic-fluctuation-3t0wtwpw.png Fig. 2. Components of the temperature and acoustic fluctuation generator (TAFG). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimized-operation-conditions-of-the-tafg-setup-17gwi7rm.png Table 1 Optimized operation conditions of the TAFG setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-the-crossflow-jet-to-main-stream-mass-1emsdvxm.png Fig. 6. Influence of the crossflow jet to main stream mass flow rate ratio ̇ ̇m m/2 1 on temperature fluctuations. =f 10 Hz. Nozzle D12. The red curve is obtained by least-square fitting using α in Appendix A. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-direct-left-and-the-indirect-right-reflection-21kum168.png Fig. 9. Direct (left) and the indirect (right) reflection coefficients obtained from SUNDAY simulations with the diff-R method. Results are compared to analytical values of a and s . Error bars are obtained from 1000 runs with random noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-phase-difference-phd-12-between-entropy-waves-at-x1-2ijqp7pp.png Fig. 15. Phase difference φΔ 12 between entropy waves at x1 and x2 (left axis) and velocity fluctuation ′u at x2 (right axis) as a function of time. Case NO.1 in Table 3. dashed line: linear simulation; solid line: nonlinear simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/colicoords-a-python-package-for-the-analysis-of-bacterial-2z95vt6g91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-iterative-optimization-of-the-coordinate-system-1a7ebfl0.png Fig 4. Iterative optimization of the coordinate system. Optimization based on binary, brightfield and fluorescence images are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimization-of-the-cells-internal-coordinate-system-a-14vu7nd4.png Fig 3. Optimization of the cell’s internal coordinate system. (A) Ground-truth binary image with cell midline and outline calculated from initial guess parameters. (B) Radial distance image calculated from initial guess coordinates. (C) Calculated binary image (black) obtained by thresholding the distance image superimposed on the ground truth image (grey). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-iterative-optimization-of-the-coordinate-system-based-2on3qnfc.png Fig 5. Iterative optimization of the coordinate system based on STORM super-resolution data of the membrane marker LacY-eYFP. (A) Top: STORM reconstruction on top of the E. coli binary image (grey) with initial guesses coordinate system in red. Bottom: Coordinate system after optimization based on STORM localizations. (B) STORM reconstruction along the perimeter of the cell showing localizations as a function of distance along the membrane. (C) Spatial autocorrelation function of (B). (D) Fourier transform of (C) showing the largest amplitude at a periodicity of 56 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-benchmarking-of-colicoords-software-with-a-synthetic-5t6sngpt.png Fig 7. Benchmarking of ColiCoords software with a synthetic dataset. (A) Examples of generated input data brightfield images for different photon counts (500, 1000 and 10000 average per pixel) and example of one processed single cell. Different data elements (Binary, Brightfield, STORM) are shown together with the outline of the coordinate system (red/white line) where the coordinate system is optimized based on that data element. (B) Evaluation of the coordinate system of n = 6569, 7127, 7245 cells out of 7245. Left: relative radial distance of all inner (cyan) and outer (magenta) membrane STORM localizations. The radial position is normalized to the ground-truth inner membrane position. The ground-truth radial distance (light colours, filled histogram) is compared with radial distances calculated with the coordinate system as calculated for the different data elements (binary, brightfield, STORM) for different brightfield image photon counts (dark colours, line only). The absolute mean deviation (D) and the root mean squared deviation (D2) are shown in the graph. Right: Relative minimization objective function χ2. The χ2 is calculated for the obtained coordinate system for each cell for the STORM data element for each condition. The obtained value is divided by the ground-truth χ2 value, therefore a value of 1 indicates a perfectly fitted coordinate system (red line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-workflow-pipeline-using-colicoords-input-1twm0myq.png Fig 1. Overview of workflow pipeline using ColiCoords. Input data is either image data or sparse data (localizations). Input images need to be segmented to identify cell location and orientation. Third party options for image segmentation include Ilastik [63], CellProfiler [62, 70] or Keras [65]/Tensorflow [64]. SMLM data have to be reconstructed by external software such as DAOSTORM [66, 67], ThunderSTORM [68], QuickPALM [69] or others prior to use. ColiCoords can then be used to transform the Cartesian coordinates of the input data to cellular coordinates. The transformed data can be used to generate output graphs, such as kymographs, histograms of the cell’s dimensions, axial distributions or to align cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-description-of-the-in-cell-coordinate-system-a-20sk3z0b.png Fig 2. General description of the in-cell coordinate system. (A) Brightfield image of an E. coli cell with coordinate system overlayed. Every point with coordinates xp, yp can be transformed to coordinates lc, rc, ϕ. (B) Images showing the values of xc as well as cellular coordinates values lc, rc, ϕ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-batch-processing-of-several-thousand-cell-objects-two-3vfifna5.png Fig 6. Batch processing of several thousand cell objects. Two datasets were analyzed, one where cells are labelled on the outer membrane with Cy3B-NHS and one with cell expressing eGFP in the cytosol. (A) Fluorescence images of single E. coli cells, scale bar 750 nm. (B) Radial distribution profiles for the cells in (A). Individual datapoints from every pixel in the image are shown as red points, together with the resulting radial distribution (blue line). (C) Aligned and averaged fluorescence images for n = 2341 and n = 1691 cells, respectively. (D) Average radial distribution profiles. The standard deviation is shown as a shaded region. https://scispace.com/papers/collaborative-decision-making-in-sustainable-mobility-1rno1obli5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-multi-actor-view-in-case-brussels-o4a0qjia.png Figure 4. Multi-Actor View in case Brussels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-milp-result-of-case-oslo-d8p6ybpc.png Figure 3. MILP result of case Oslo https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-milp-model-result-of-alternative-e-freight-bikes-and-29w9pwyc.png Table 4. MILP model result of alternative ”E-freight bikes and micro-hubs” https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-original-first-ranked-alternative-and-weights-for-uupd0uls.png Table 5. Original first ranked alternative and weights for stakeholders in case Brussels https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluated-alternatives-30ccbvai.png Table 1. Evaluated alternatives https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-criteria-of-different-stakeholder-group-1yo1zkau.png Table 2. Criteria of different stakeholder group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-methodology-of-mamca-macharis-2004-12apso3y.png Figure 1. The methodology of MAMCA (Macharis 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-milp-result-of-case-brussels-1ufmuvus.png Figure 5. MILP result of case Brussels https://scispace.com/papers/collecting-router-information-for-error-diagnosis-and-3dyuqsluki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-examples-of-useful-network-information-linksys-2eqvwusx.png TABLE I EXAMPLES OF USEFUL NETWORK INFORMATION (LINKSYS ROUTER RUNNING OPENWRT 8.09) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-steps-showing-the-approach-of-our-system-3ee2lx8u.png Fig. 1. Steps showing the approach of our system https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-iperf-throughput-for-different-ivzwy76k.png TABLE II AVERAGE IPERF THROUGHPUT FOR DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-how-we-use-the-tahoe-network-to-store-and-retrieve-7dc7wlz3.png Fig. 2. How we use the TAHOE network to store and retrieve logging information https://scispace.com/papers/collective-vortex-behaviors-diversity-proximate-and-ultimate-5451701opu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synonymous-terms-associated-with-collective-vortex-2w9uybxh.png TABLE 1 Synonymous terms associated with collective vortex behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vortex-in-different-species-in-each-case-a-close-up-2ypet0uc.png FIGURE 1. VORTEX IN DIFFERENT SPECIES (IN EACH CASE A CLOSE-UP AND A WIDE VIEW OF THE COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR). A) Mill in army ants (Eciton sp.). B) Flying doughnut in wrinkle-lipped bats (Tadarida plicata). C) Mill in jack fish (Carangidae, Teleostei). D) Vortex of Bacillus sp. bacteria: vortex are on the top of the branches in the large-scale view. E) Circle of armyworms (Sciara militaris, Fungus gnat, Sciaridae). F) Shoveler ducks vortex (Anas clypeata): close view represents some individuals in the vortex center. Drawings by A.-M. Massin and V. Briers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-interaction-rules-implemented-in-1unoryna.png FIGURE 3. ILLUSTRATION OF INTERACTION RULES IMPLEMENTED IN METRIC MODELS FOR COLLECTIVE MOTION. The way two individuals interact is dictated by the distance between them: an individual moves away from others within its zone of repulsion (ZOR), aligns its movement direction with individuals in its zone of orientation (ZOO), and moves toward individuals within its zone of attraction (ZOA). Individuals cannot perceive others located within their blind zone (by vision or other perception organs). Radius of orientation (ROO) and radius of attraction (ROA) are the outer radii of ZOO and ZOA. (A) Couzin et al. (2002) showed that changing the relative extent of the interaction zones generates different collective behaviors. A large ZOA and absence or quasi-absence of ZOO induces swarming behavior, a moderate ZOO induces vortex behaviors, and a large ZOO induces a polarized group. (B) Gautrais et al. (2008) in some of their simulations, based on Couzin’s model, did not modify the size of the interaction zones but varied the weighting of attraction (high weightings are illustrated by darker shades of gray). At ROO/ROA ratios close to 0.2, at intermediate influence of attraction such as in Couzin’s model, the computer simulations produce a bistable state, where an aligned schools or a vortex are observed, depending on initial conditions. Gautrais et al. (2008) do not distinguish swarm and vortex movements in their simulations. However, when the influence of attraction is high, vortex movements are systematically observed; and when this influence is low, polarized schools are systematically adopted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-of-different-mechanisms-28no0x5e.png FIGURE 2. SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF DIFFERENT MECHANISMS UNDERLYING COLLECTIVE VORTEX BEHAVIORS. Black arrows indicate the trajectory of some individuals. A) Attraction to a single stimulus, individuals are not (necessarily) attracted by other group partners. Gray arrows represent the attractive force toward the stimulus, which is indicated by the central dot. B) Stigmergy: the activity of individuals creates an attractive area. This area is indicated by gray gradient. C) A surrounding constraint (gray circle) confines individuals and limits their movements. D) Surrounding repulsive stimuli. Gray arrows represent the repulsive force to these stimuli. E) Collective vortex behavior arising from social interactions between individuals (social vortex). F) Circular trail in which individuals follow the trail laid by other individuals. G) Bioconvection under an initial gradient (illustrated by the gray gradient). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-diversity-and-function-of-collective-vortex-2tjyd2eu.png TABLE 2 Diversity and function of collective vortex behaviors https://scispace.com/papers/collision-avoidance-for-delay-req-messages-in-broadcast-4zpd48r2vj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-probability-of-collision-as-a-function-1ic0vf1f.png Fig. 2. Comparison of probability of collision as a function of r = nτ δ (logarithmic scale on y axis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relevant-values-used-for-evaluation-1kwvejue.png TABLE I RELEVANT VALUES USED FOR EVALUATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-of-return-time-values-for-r-0-1-comparison-2elfxte4.png Fig. 4. Frequency of return time values for r = 0.1: comparison between model and simulation (logarithmic scale on y axis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-frequency-of-return-time-values-for-r-0-4-comparison-232b58qd.png Fig. 5. Frequency of return time values for r = 0.4: comparison between model and simulation (logarithmic scale on y axis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-of-return-time-values-for-r-0-2-comparison-kwbesiex.png Fig. 3. Frequency of return time values for r = 0.2: comparison between model and simulation (logarithmic scale on y axis) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-probability-of-collision-as-a-function-of-r-nt-d-f76kxxq4.png Fig. 1. Probability of collision as a function of r = nτ δ (logarithmic scale on both axis) https://scispace.com/papers/collision-of-two-spin-polarized-fermionic-clouds-1oeebd5mdl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-transition-between-bounce-and-35a8dxd9.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The transition between bounce and intermediate regimes (filled symbols, the lines to guide the eye) and between intermediate and transmission regimes (open symbols). The red circles correspond to d0 = 43.1lz, the blue triangles to d0 = 64.6lz and the green squares to d0 = 129.3lz, where lz = 1/√mωz. It is clearly visible that the intermediate-transmission transition is independent of d0. The dashed line corresponds to constant relaxation time 1/τdip = 1.83ωz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bottom-panel-the-normalized-dipole-mode-d-t-d0-solid-2zjlirr0.png FIG. 1. Bottom panel: The normalized dipole mode d(t)/d0 (solid lines) and breathing mode b(t)/b∞ (dashed lines) for the three different behaviors: transmission (left), intermediate (middle), and bounce (right). Top panel: The corresponding collision rate per particle γ /ωz measured in the region with |z| σz/2 around the trap center, where σz = √ Tinit/mω2z . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-frequency-o-oz-of-the-dipole-mode-d-t-2ucl5acu.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The frequency ω/ωz of the dipole mode d(t) (red circles) and the breathing mode b(t) (blue triangles) vs the final temperature for |k̃F a| = 1. All data were obtained for equal initial temperature Tinit = 0.4T̃F by varying d0. The solid line is the prediction from Ref. [17]. https://scispace.com/papers/color-constancy-based-on-the-grey-edge-hypothesis-43ucx9htc0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-the-images-in-group-a-and-b-3-3v8o44mf.png Figure 2: Examples of the images in group A and B [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-acquisitions-of-the-same-scene-under-26uk3u3h.png Figure 1: Three acquisitions of the same scene under different light sources [3]. On the bottom line the derivative distributions, where the axes are the opponent color derivatives and the surfaces indicate derivative values with equal occurrence and darker surfaces indicating a more dense distribution. Note the shift of the orientation of the distribution of the derivatives with the changing of the light source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-angular-error-of-the-grey-world-and-the-grey-edge-2d1sn2r1.png Figure 3: Angular error of the Grey-World and the Grey-Edge method as a function of the applied Minkowski norm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-angular-error-degrees-for-various-color-3gwmhmgl.png Table 1: Mean angular error (degrees) for various color constancy methods on group A images [7]. https://scispace.com/papers/columbia-estuary-ecosystem-restoration-program-restoration-2cgquyeqsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-log-log-plots-of-wetland-channel-perimeter-channel-nryg56nx.png Figure 36. Log-log plots of wetland channel perimeter, channel area, and number of channel outlets on island wetland area with data including small channels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-plot-of-a-bray-wpnfnqld.png Figure 29. Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot of a Bray-Curtis similarity analysis of plant species cover (top panel) and reed canarygrass cover (RCG; bottom panel) in 11 plots and 6 years of sampling at Devil’s Elbow, beginning in 2005 and ending in 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-colewort-creek-restoration-area-at-the-lewis-and-2fjle4xf.png Figure 5. Colewort Creek restoration area at the Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Oregon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composition-of-topics-within-the-final-reed-2zdha5s3.png Figure 3. Composition of topics within the final reed canarygrass primary search strings. Topics identified through the Web of Science search tool include any information within the title, abstract, author keywords, and keywords. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-outreach-to-bpa-and-corps-estuary-sponsors-for-2w40piky.png Table 1. Outreach to BPA and Corps estuary sponsors for discussion of restoration sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-composition-of-topics-within-the-mounds-primary-1bo9d65k.png Figure 2. Composition of topics within the mounds primary search string. Topics identified through the Web of Science search tool include any information within the title, abstract, author keywords, and keywords. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contd-29avm70l.png Table 1. Outreach to BPA and Corps estuary sponsors for discussion of restoration sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outreach-regarding-mounds-and-reed-canarygrass-on-2jaz9dmv.png Table 2. Outreach regarding mounds and reed canarygrass on the Puget Sound and outer coast. https://scispace.com/papers/columnar-and-equiaxed-solidification-of-al-7-wt-si-alloys-in-45h90yd6zk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-axisymmetric-model-domain-of-the-sample-and-crucible-1uyrgea2.png Fig. 4: Axisymmetric model domain of the sample and crucible https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-longitudinal-microstructures-determined-by-optical-r1foiz2s.png Fig. 2: Longitudinal microstructures determined by optical microscopy OM (left) and eutectic percentage distribution maps (right) for flight samples B1-FM1 and B2-FM1. The blank region represents the material loss during sample preparation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cafe-simulation-of-the-solidification-grain-structure-2sokzmcw.png Fig. 6: CAFE simulation of the solidification grain structure of the B1-FM1 sample between thermocouples TC5 (112.5 mm) and TC12 (182.5 mm). Isothermal surfaces from 602 °C to 626 °C with a step of 4 °C are shown. A quarter of the cylinder was removed by post-processing in order to offer an exploded view at various times of (a) columnar growth at t = 1,800 s, (b) nucleation and growth of equiaxed grains triggered by a sudden increase of the withdrawal rate at t = 2,140 s and (c) the equiaxed structure forming at t = 2,400 s. The position of the CET favourably compare with the (d) experimental grain structure observed in a longitudinal metallographic cross section [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-setup-of-the-sample-cartridge-assembly-sca-yrzcuy91.png Fig. 1: Schematic setup of the sample cartridge assembly (SCA) inserted in the low gradient furnace (LGF) available in the Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) on board the International Space Station (ISS). The SCA contains the Al–7wt.%Si alloy inserted as a 7.8 mm diameter 245 mm long cylinder. The LGF is sketched at its initial position with respect to the SCA. The positions of the 12 thermocouples TC1 to TC12 regularly distributed from 72.5 mm to 182.5 mm from the cold end of the sample are also provided. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-process-parameters-of-the-cetsol1-msl-lgf-batch1-b1-2uegx89x.png Table I: Process parameters of the CETSOL1 MSL-LGF Batch1 (B1) flight experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-evolution-of-the-velocity-of-the-most-advanced-31cfs8b0.png Fig. 8: Time evolution of the velocity of the most advanced columnar front for Batch1 FM1 and FM5 in DNN simulations. The front velocity increases during the growth competition of columnar dendrites leading to an increase of primary spacing (t < 1000 s). After this transient regime, the columnar front grows at a constant velocity. The front velocity increases again upon faster cooling during stage II and drops abruptly when columnar growth is blocked by the nucleated equiaxed grains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spherical-equiaxed-envelopes-growing-in-undercooled-2ttq9rfx.png Fig. 5: Spherical equiaxed envelopes growing in undercooled liquid and positive temperature gradient ahead of a columnar front (×) in the BFFTM domain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-process-parameters-of-the-cetsol-msl-lgf-batch2a-b2-28ci7tqv.png Table II: Process parameters of the CETSOL MSL-LGF Batch2a (B2) flight experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/combination-of-adaptive-modulation-and-power-management-for-1i122d6exg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-setup-of-system-parameters-2z92hve2.png Table 1: The setup of system parameters https://scispace.com/papers/combined-effects-of-knowledge-about-others-opinions-and-1dq68a9ln6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mediation-analysis-for-the-condition-without-fb6u2fqf.png Figure 2 Mediation Analysis for the Condition Without Anticipated Group Interaction With Preference Feedback as the Independent Variable, Confidence as the Mediator, and Confirmation Bias as the Dependent Variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-of-confidence-as-a-function-of-preference-n6ycq0zz.png Table 1 Means of Confidence as a Function of Preference Feedback and Anticipation of Discussion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-confirmation-bias-as-a-function-of-feedback-about-3t0qwp06.png Figure 1 Confirmation Bias as a Function of Feedback About Others’ Opinions and Anticipated Discussion https://scispace.com/papers/combined-prednisolone-and-intravenous-immunoglobulin-3mvdla5ak0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-b-fviii-activity-and-inhibitor-levels-for-all-14ahplmi.png Fig. 1. (A,B). FVIII activity and inhibitor levels for all patients over the ®rst 12 weeks from diagnosis. Inhibitor levels are shown on a logarithmic scale. Inhibitor levels below the level of detection are arbitrarily shown as 0.3 BU. https://scispace.com/papers/combined-finite-element-fe-modeling-and-fluid-shear-k2crz1l2hd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-total-current-of-samples-1nhiclp8.png Table I Total Current of Samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-infrared-spectroscopic-analysis-reno-60tm-39p6yeou.png Figure 5: Infrared spectroscopic analysis – Reno-60™ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-infrared-spectroscopic-analysis-reno-60tm-air-dried-3ez19kh3.png Figure 6: Infrared spectroscopic analysis – Reno-60™ air-dried https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-infrared-spectroscopic-analysis-reno-60tm-water-1y3jfgcm.png Figure 7: Infrared spectroscopic analysis – Reno-60™ water rinsed https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rh-14-30-344kz8c1.png TABLE 2 RH (14-30) https://scispace.com/papers/combined-mesenchymal-stromal-cell-therapy-and-extracorporeal-1qpl9h9t50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-physiological-characteristics-16tobp8f.png Table 1. Baseline physiological characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/combined-speed-and-current-model-predictive-control-with-4fcxojb678 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-drive-data-9uavwvg3.png TABLE I MAIN DRIVE DATA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-drive-response-to-a-2000-to-2600-rpm-10u0hrzs.png Fig. 8. Experimental drive response to a 2000–to–2600 rpm reference speed step. From top to bottom: speed reference and response, d− and q− currents, and q− voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experimental-drive-response-to-a-1200-to-1800-rpm-22nhyw64.png Fig. 6. Experimental drive response to a 1200–to–1800 rpm reference speed step. From top to bottom: speed reference and response, d− and q− currents, and q− voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-drive-response-to-a-1800-to-2400-rpm-32t2il4f.png Fig. 7. Experimental drive response to a 1800–to–2400 rpm reference speed step. From top to bottom: speed reference and response, d− and q− currents, and q− voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-drive-response-to-a-2000-to-2600-rpm-4ndts01u.png Fig. 4. Simulated drive response to a 2000–to–2600 rpm reference speed step. From top to bottom: speed reference and response, d− and q− currents, and q− voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-of-the-laboratory-test-bench-2dactrdp.png Fig. 5. Schematic of the laboratory test bench. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-drive-response-to-a-1800-to-2400-rpm-32uwrocj.png Fig. 3. Simulated drive response to a 1800–to–2400 rpm reference speed step. From top to bottom: speed reference and response, d− and q− currents, and q− voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulated-drive-response-to-a-1200-to-1800-rpm-1ns5llhj.png Fig. 2. Simulated drive response to a 1200–to–1800 rpm reference speed step. From top to bottom: speed reference and response, d− and q− currents, and q− voltage. https://scispace.com/papers/combining-approximate-geometry-with-view-dependent-texture-w9n1imw15h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-block-diagram-for-creating-a-geometry-proxy-12ujgde0.png Figure 3: A block diagram for creating a geometry proxy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-view-of-tele-immersion-conference-system-dc4owtgb.png Figure 2: Top view of Tele-Immersion conference System. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-different-views-of-the-participant-k4ohqvvr.png Figure 8: Different views of the participant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-oblique-view-of-our-geometry-proxy-3cqhufj0.png Figure 6: Oblique view of our geometry proxy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-proxy-of-figure-6-texture-mapped-with-two-22skt8ng.png Figure 7: The proxy of Figure 6 texture-mapped with two blending cameras (a,b,c) and four blending cameras (d,e,f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-another-user-testing-out-our-system-mo4dh4y3.png Figure 9: Another user testing out our system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-view-of-angles-thi-formed-between-desired-view-1zzef5ct.png Figure 4: Top view of angles θi formed between desired view camera D and texture cameras Ci, at a proxy vertex V . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-projectors-and-cameras-setup-the-dotted-circles-11f5ufh3.png Figure 5: The projectors and cameras setup. The dotted circles in the image highlight the four cameras we use. The inset shows the projectors, designed to display stereo image pairs. We are currently only using one of them. https://scispace.com/papers/combining-3d-technologies-for-cultural-heritage-xytmrqbgme 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-close-ups-a-a-photograph-near-the-left-side-of-the-2ip9plcx.png Figure 14. Close-ups, a) a photograph near the left side of the beard area, b) shaded view created from the 3D data acquired with a Minolta 900 (tele-lens) scanner, c) shaded view created from the 3D data acquired with a ShapeGrabber SG-102 scanner head mounted on a translation stage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-some-screen-snapshots-for-the-cdrom-carpiniana-a-1z9m4xm9.png Figure 6. Some screen snapshots for the CDROM CARPINIANA: a) entrance page, b) use of orthophotos generated from 3D model to navigate through the frescoes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-resolution-tests-on-the-sculpture-of-zeus-a-17tb5hv7.png Figure 13. Resolution tests on the sculpture of Zeus. a) photograph, b) shaded view created from 3D data acquired with a Minolta 900 (tele lens) scanner, c) shaded view created from 3D data acquired with a ShapeGrabber SG-102 scanner head. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-byzantine-crypt-a-two-outside-entrances-b-interior-vm5hieqg.png Figure 1. Byzantine Crypt, a) two outside entrances, b) interior located underground. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selinunte-project-a-museum-room-dedicated-to-358oc3rj.png Figure 2. Selinunte project, a) Museum room dedicated to Selinunte, b) Temple C as of 2003 AD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-still-images-taken-from-the-movie-included-on-the-3nm0cz26.png Figure 7. Still images taken from the movie included on the DVD: a) view of crypt without texture, b) view of main pillar with texture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-virtualized-museum-room-a-rendering-of-the-2liosk30.png Figure 12. Virtualized Museum room, a) Rendering of the complete 3D model of the museum room dedicated to Selinunte, b) wire-mesh showing the multi-resolution 3D model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-zeus-of-ugento-bronze-sculpture-6th-bc-museum-of-1rg19oiy.png Figure 3. Zeus of Ugento, bronze sculpture 6th BC, Museum of Taranto, Italy, a) height is about 71.5 cm, b) close-up of face. https://scispace.com/papers/combining-dual-source-computed-tomography-coronary-2g4dgzjmg3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-diagnostic-accuracy-of-dual-source-ct-coronary-fmtzie0b.png Table 3 Diagnostic accuracy of dual-source CT coronary angiography for individual coronary arteries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-data-in-relation-to-the-presence-or-2faw1se9.png Table 1 Demographic data in relation to the presence or absence of significant coronary artery stenoses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-roc-curve-for-diagnostic-accuracy-of-calcium-ufefwnk4.png Figure 1 ROC curve for diagnostic accuracy of calcium scoring (CS) to predict coronary artery disease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-diagram-showing-classification-of-coronary-3spj65zk.png Figure 2 Flow diagram showing classification of coronary artery stenosis based on calcium scoring (CS; thresholds of 0 and >400, respectively) and computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in comparison with conventional coronary angiography (CCA). https://scispace.com/papers/combining-digital-imaging-and-genome-wide-association-38mh305679 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-candidate-gene-assessment-2zso4una.png TABLE 3. Candidate Gene Assessment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hierarchical-cluster-analysis-of-lesion-traits-the-ua8o3jta.png FIGURE 2. Hierarchical cluster analysis of lesion traits The heat map shows the collection of 75 lesion measurements of the four B. cinerea isolates (columns) on the collection of 96 A. thaliana accessions (rows). Labeled lines show lesion size, yellowness, greenness and eccentricity for the B. cinerea BO5.10 isolate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-venn-diagram-of-genes-found-in-gwa-mapping-2s7ikpfc.png FIGURE 5 – Venn diagram of genes found in GWA mapping https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heritability-of-lesion-traits-599-for-each-of-the-2ypletgk.png TABLE 1 – Heritability of Lesion Traits 599 For each of the four traits, the table displays the sum of squares for each term in an analysis of 600 variance, p values for each term, and the calculated heritability (proportion of total variance) 601 attributed to the specific model terms. The analysis used the model Lesion Trait ~ Experiment + 602 Accession * Isolate. 603 604 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-haplotype-diversity-effects-on-trait-to-genotype-3jicy2d2.png FIGURE 6 –Haplotype diversity effects on trait to genotype linkages using AT4G17010 a) Plot of z-scaled SNP effect size across all four B. cinerea isolates on lesion yellowness within 1000bp of the AT4G17010 coding region (represented in blue bocks) of AT4G17010. The arrow indicates the transcriptional start site. The horizontal orange lines indicate the permutation thresholds for the B. cinerea isolate Apple517. The letters show the SNPs that are significantly associated with lesion yellowness in B. cinerea Apple517. b) Hierarchical clustering of 95 A. thaliana accessions based on SNPs within AT4G17010. Haplotypes are assigned into five major groups, denoted by Roman numerals. Light grey indicates the SNP is the Col-0 allele while dark grey is the opposite allele. The SNPs are presented in their genomic order rather than the haplotype grouped structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hierarchical-cluster-analysis-of-lesion-traits-33c4v6hs.png FIGURE 2. Hierarchical cluster analysis of lesion traits The heat map shows the collection of 75 lesion measurements of the four B. cinerea isolates (columns) on the collection of 96 A. thaliana accessions (rows). Labeled lines show lesion size, yellowness, greenness and eccentricity for the B. cinerea BO5.10 isolate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-lesion-traits-affected-by-t-dna-insertional-mutants-3tex9z5e.png FIGURE 7 – Lesion traits affected by T-DNA insertional mutants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-go-categories-enrichment-615-the-table-displays-the-1h6zz91v.png TABLE 2 – GO Categories enrichment 615 The table displays the top ten enrichment categories (biological processes) associated with each 616 of the four lesion traits. 617 https://scispace.com/papers/combining-insurance-contingent-debt-and-self-retention-in-an-5cx9ckzlco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impact-of-an-increase-in-the-loss-variability-on-vmqhdb9t.png Figure 5. Impact of an increase in the loss variability on the optimal risk management strategy, non-proportional insurance premium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-an-increase-in-the-insurers-cost-of-8pxyvkfg.png Figure 4. Impact of an increase in the insurer’s cost of variability on the optimal risk management strategy, non-proportional to insurance premium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-of-an-increase-in-the-risk-free-interest-3b6q72ot.png Figure 3. Impact of an increase in the risk-free interest rate of the contingent debt on the optimal risk management strategy, non-proportional insurance premium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-optimal-risk-sharing-rules-within-layers-of-the-2f248qtu.png Figure 6. Optimal risk-sharing rules within layers of the risk financing structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimal-risk-sharing-arrangements-within-the-layers-9ieugich.png Table 1. Optimal risk-sharing arrangements within the layers of the risk financing structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimal-risk-management-strategy-using-insurance-37u62qtt.png Figure 1. Optimal risk management strategy using insurance, contingent debt and selfretention, non-proportional insurance premium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-risk-management-strategy-using-insurance-2zkxpztq.png Figure 2. Optimal risk management strategy using insurance, contingent debt and selfretention, proportional insurance premium. https://scispace.com/papers/combining-xanes-icp-aes-and-sem-eds-for-the-study-of-phytate-4lk03amqku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-concentrations-of-fe-ii-and-fe-iii-in-the-paper-2jegrhuo.png Fig. 4 Concentrations of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-bpt-positive-dark-red-colour-slightly-16j5p5am.png Table 3 Results of the BPT (++: positive, dark red colour; +: slightly positive, light red colour, : negative: no colour). Artificial ageing was performed for 19 days. ‘‘No’’ means that the tests were performed immediately after treatment, before the paper is dried https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xanes-spectra-experimental-data-grey-lines-and-fit-3or1y58m.png Fig. 1 Xanes spectra—experimental data (grey lines) and fit (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-ph-versus-artificial-ageing-1s7kcopa.png Fig. 3 Evolution of pH versus artificial ageing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mechanical-decay-of-treated-samples-versus-artificial-170o0jkd.png Fig. 2 Mechanical decay of treated samples versus artificial ageing. https://scispace.com/papers/comment-l-obesite-infantile-affecte-t-elle-la-reussite-2nl04vfls5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-localisation-des-ecoles-partenaires-selon-lindice-2bwrcq0b.png Figure A.1 – Localisation des écoles partenaires selon l’indice de pauvreté par colonie en 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-silhouettes-anthropometriques-prevues-pour-les-5srm77c1.png Figure A.3 – Silhouettes anthropométriques prévues pour les jeunes de 16 à 25 ans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-silhouettes-anthropometriques-prevues-pour-les-1sq9tg8r.png Figure A.2 – Silhouettes anthropométriques prévues pour les enfants de 6 à 10 ans https://scispace.com/papers/combining-strengths-and-weaknesses-in-visual-perception-of-44tw7a35ys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-emotion-on-accuracy-error-bars-represent-3fvmwtsq.png Fig. 3. The effect of emotion on accuracy (error bars represent 95% error intervals). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-accuracy-and-reaction-time-rt-in-ms-for-the-asd-7kmbz31c.png Table 4 Accuracy and reaction time (RT; in ms) for the ASD group and the TD group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-an-ordered-stimulus-presentation-top-and-a-3aar8sd5.png Fig. 4. Example of an ordered stimulus presentation (top) and a randomized stimulus presentation (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-interaction-between-group-and-task-for-accuracy-error-1yb8piio.png Fig. 10. Interaction between group and task for accuracy (error bars represent 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-screen-of-the-one-by-one-simultaneous-matching-xelf8xq2.png Fig. 1. Test screen of the one-by-one-simultaneous matching task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-interaction-between-congruency-and-match-on-accuracy-1cy535o5.png Fig. 8. Interaction between congruency and match on accuracy (error bars represent 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-interaction-between-match-and-group-on-accuracy-pd0ub5c2.png Fig. 9. The interaction between match and group on accuracy (error bars represent 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-interaction-effect-between-emotion-and-group-on-2m0ukzt1.png Fig. 6. The interaction effect between emotion and group on accuracy (error bars represent 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/papers/combining-random-and-specific-directions-for-outlier-4regfybflg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-skewness-and-kurtosis-coefficients-of-daily-returns-29o67wsg.png Table 12. Skewness and Kurtosis Coefficients of Daily Returns in Group A of Good Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-running-times-in-seconds-for-problem-set-1w4gukj3.png Table 6. Average Running Times (in seconds) for Problem Set https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-percentages-of-nonoutliers-detected-as-1bbhef6l.png Table 5. Average Percentages of Nonoutliers Detected as Outliers https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-skewness-and-kurtosis-coefficients-of-daily-returns-1ztl7be6.png Table 13. Skewness and Kurtosis Coefficients of Daily Returns in Group B* of Outliers With the 10 Largest Values Deleted https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-average-type-i-errors-for-problem-set-24kyph36.png Table 7. Average Type I Errors for Problem Set https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-ratio-between-the-standard-deviations-in-groups-b-35ixnjnj.png Table 14. Ratio Between the Standard Deviations in Groups B∗ and A for the Stock Returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-location-of-the-outliers-with-respect-to-the-1zflz119.png Table 15. Location of the Outliers With Respect to the Observations Coming from the Multivariate t Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probability-of-generating-a-good-direction-3rmouh6r.png Table 1. Probability of Generating a Good Direction https://scispace.com/papers/comments-about-rietveld-analysis-and-tolerance-factor-y-27r2h4lp04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-refined-parameters-of-sample-by-rietveld-refinement-3bde61h9.png Table 1. Refined parameters of sample by rietveld refinement analyses with MAUD https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-refined-parameters-of-sample-by-rietveld-refinement-32cql0ze.png Table 2. Refined parameters of sample by rietveld refinement analyses with TOPAS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-unit-cell-volume-as-a-function-of-y3-concentration-23flc1nx.png Figure 6. Unit cell volume as a function of Y3+ concentration. The dotted line is the unit cell volume according the file ICDS-5 0626 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-slopes-of-the-curves-shown-in-figure-10-after-least-2skriq4n.png Table 3. Slopes of the curves shown in figure 10 after least square fitting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-r-m-s-lattice-strain-as-a-function-of-y-3hrgf9ga.png Figure 8. R.m.s lattice strain as a function of Y concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-crystallite-size-as-a-function-of-y-concentration-11sop2q3.png Figure 7. Crystallite size as a function of Y concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-diffraction-of-the-powders-prepared-at-2he2qeqy.png Figure 2. X-ray diffraction of the powders prepared at different doping levels https://scispace.com/papers/committing-the-english-and-the-continental-way-an-experiment-2dkc8snlac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-1n6wjny8.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-explaining-beliefs-about-promises-3o1x6hb7.png Table 4 Explaining Beliefs about Promises https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-explaining-promises-35yaalo7.png Table 3 Explaining Promises https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-promises-and-transfers-30miff2f.png Figure 1 Promises and Transfers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-explaining-promise-keeping-in-common-treatments-rgmoone3.png Table 2 Explaining Promise Keeping in Common Treatments Linear Probability Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-treatment-on-beliefs-promises-and-choices-syn1w0mt.png Table 5 Effect of Treatment on Beliefs, Promises, and Choices https://scispace.com/papers/commissioning-results-of-the-superconducting-magnet-system-34853qqjer 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-maximum-measured-relative-displacement-between-non-1q44xf7x.png Fig. 5. Maximum measured relative displacement between non planar coil (NPC) type 2 and planar coil (PLC) type A during the plasma operation on 08 March 2016 and comparison between FE model and measured values (AATxyCG025 = sensor tags). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inlet-and-outlet-temperatures-of-the-helium-flow-for-3vkzc1le.png Fig. 4. Inlet and outlet temperatures of the helium flow for the coil cooling AAB27 during coil tests. The current in the coil is plotted as well. The left side shows the results when non planar coil group 4 is charged. The right side gives the results when all NPC-groups are operated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-currents-after-a-fast-discharge-from-about-12-5-ka-and-1by5jg7k.png Fig. 3. Currents after a fast discharge from about 12.5 kA and 5 kA in the five non planar coil circuits in the two planar coil circuits, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-one-half-module-consisting-of-five-non-planar-coils-2ey1cbq4.png Fig. 1. One half module, consisting of five non planar coils and two planar coils Connection to the superconducting bus bars is made via the indicated joints. Connection of coils to the central support structure is made by the central support elements of the coils. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principle-test-sequence-showing-the-steps-1-to-6-k12h67oj.png Fig. 2. Principle test sequence showing the steps 1 to 6 described above during the test of the non planar coil group 5. https://scispace.com/papers/commitment-to-equity-assessment-ceq-estimating-the-incidence-3nijwb9qt3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-breakdown-of-ceq-social-spending-in-brazil-2009-u9rs1dmi.png Table 1. Breakdown of CEQ Social Spending in Brazil, 2009 https://scispace.com/papers/commit-phase-in-timestamp-based-stm-34yhs88de2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-achieved-throughput-linkedlist-rbtree-randomgraph-3ba3qtfg.png Figure 2: Achieved throughput: LinkedList, RBTree, RandomGraph, and HashTable https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-commit-sequence-comparison-kfal7e4k.png Table 1: Commit Sequence Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-metadata-13rjycmr.png Figure 1: Metadata https://scispace.com/papers/communication-about-future-policy-rates-in-theory-and-4farkdsgkt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-communication-about-future-policy-1681m72l.png Table 1. Classification of Communication about Future Policy Rates in Theory and Practice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-new-zealand-90-day-interest-rate-and-rbnz-forecasts-30c14o57.png Figure 1. New Zealand 90-Day Interest Rate and RBNZ Forecasts (in Percent). https://scispace.com/papers/communication-basee-contenus-dans-les-reseaux-mobiles-ad-hoc-4c7176d5l8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-architecture-generale-de-la-plate-forme-2uato70f.png Figure 2. Architecture générale de la plate-forme intergicielle implémentant notre protocole de communication basée contenus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-de-la-taille-du-catalogue-et-du-niveau-bw1uiqi9.png Figure 8. Évolution de la taille du catalogue et du niveau d’occupation du cache sur un terminal mobile quelconque au cours de la simulation (a), et variation du taux de délivrance des documents selon que les terminaux mobiles se comportent de façon égoïste ou de façon altruiste (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exemple-de-descripteur-de-document-a-et-de-1jm6u2oz.png Figure 3. Exemple de descripteur de document (a) et de spécification du profil d’intérêt d’un terminal mobile (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-des-deux-mecanismes-de-transmission-1yb1vyan.png Figure 4. Illustration des deux mécanismes de transmission multisaut mis en œuvre par la couche basse du protocole https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparaison-du-mode-de-diffusion-par-inondation-et-153yv6b4.png Figure 7. Comparaison du mode de diffusion par inondation et via des relais multipoints en termes de performances (a) et de coût (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-dun-reseau-ad-hoc-discontinu-constitue-d3maio2g.png Figure 1. Illustration d’un réseau ad hoc discontinu, constitué de terminaux mobiles portés par des individus évoluant dans et entre les bâtiments d’un campus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-non-cumulee-a-et-cumulee-b-de-lage-des-32udfwkj.png Figure 5. Distribution non cumulée (a) et cumulée (b) de l’âge des documents lors de leur réception par un terminal intéressé https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-du-taux-de-delivrance-des-documents-en-fpu42pve.png Figure 6. Variation du taux de délivrance des documents en fonction de la capacité du cache sur chaque terminal mobile (a) et de la durée de vie accordée à chaque document (b) https://scispace.com/papers/communication-efficient-randomized-algorithm-for-multi-54e1csvtev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparisons-of-communication-overhead-for-various-p7wr5jsw.png TABLE 1 Comparisons of communication overhead for various KOFL methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparisons-of-mse-performances-of-various-algorithms-p83g4nb9.png Fig. 4. Comparisons of MSE performances of various algorithms on time-series prediction tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparisons-of-mse-performances-of-various-algorithms-2y9a5uhu.png Fig. 3. Comparisons of MSE performances of various algorithms on online regressions tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparisons-of-the-proposed-em-kofl-and-pm-kofl-in-5roiv32y.png Fig. 2. Comparisons of the proposed eM-KOFL and pM-KOFL in terms of a chosen kernel index. The y-axis measures P(p̂t = p̄t) empirically using Twitter data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-real-datasets-for-experiments-2o9gfe3p.png TABLE 2 Summary of Real Datasets for Experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-description-of-the-proposed-pm-kofl-1rfp9yrl.png Fig. 1. Description of the proposed pM-KOFL. https://scispace.com/papers/communities-and-scholarship-in-supporting-early-career-4x0v3res3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-questionnaire-question-22-226jydpy.png Figure 2: Questionnaire Question 22 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-questionnaire-question-31-3nm0rozm.png Figure 4: Questionnaire Question 31 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-questionnaire-question-23-27dia4vu.png Figure 3: Questionnaire Question 23 https://scispace.com/papers/community-detection-in-a-weighted-directed-hypergraph-fov2dofp31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-synthetic-directed-hypergraph-with-ten-nodes-ten-12lpwcgm.png Figure 2. A synthetic directed hypergraph with ten nodes, ten hyperedges and two embedded communities. In this directed hypergraph, node IDs which start with l or r represent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-part-1-2ldi1xnp.png Figure 4. Part 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-secreted-ligand-mediated-community-identified-in-1i8kotpg.png Figure 5. A secreted-ligand-mediated community identified in the MCA dataset. Yellow nodes are stromal/endothelial cells and green nodes are blood/immune cells. Those cell types expressing ligands are connected to the corresponding blue nodes while the cell types with receptors are connected to the related red nodes. A directed dashed edge connects a secreted ligand (blue node) to its cognate receptor (red node). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-relationship-between-a-weighted-directed-17nu4n27.png Figure 1. The relationship between a weighted directed hyperedge and a B-edge-Fedge pair, the directionality of the arrow represents the directionality of the hyperedge. a. A weighted directed hypergraph with one hyperedge e. b. e can be replaced by a B-edge l and an F-edge r which have a common node vd. c. A B-edge l generated by dividing node vd into two parts. d. An F-edge r generated by dividing node vd into two parts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-part-2-3uq4dsad.png Figure 4. Part 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-hyperedge-partitions-in-a-directed-1kg5rw3v.png Table 3. Examples of hyperedge partitions in a directed hypergraph with diverse community configurations. For 40 hyperedges, 39 of them belong to 8 hyperedge communities. These 39 hyperedges are partitioned and combined with 8 node communities above to reach four community configurations: a) community size and density both follow the uniform distribution, b) community size follows the uniform distribution while community density follows the exponential distribution, c) community size follows the exponential distribution while community density follows the uniform distribution and d) community size and density both follow the exponential distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gene-expression-patterns-in-the-fantom5-dataset-a-244gba5c.png Figure 3. Gene expression patterns in the FANTOM5 dataset. a. The percentages of ligands (green), receptors (pink) only detected in certain amount of cell types and the proportions LR pairs that connecting a given number of cell types. b-e. The gene expression profile of a ligand in https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-triple-matrices-of-a-weighted-directed-37zx0nlb.png Table 1. The triple matrices of a weighted-directed hypergraph. https://scispace.com/papers/community-detection-of-screenplay-characters-3cobxrv5j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-instances-after-preprocessing-2gk0pv04.png Table 1: Instances after preprocessing https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-labels-1f027xba.png Table 2: Distribution of Labels https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-social-network-centralities-12qp2ckl.png Table 4: Social Network Centralities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parsing-screenplay-and-attributes-extraction-1nqkylt0.png Table 3: Parsing Screenplay and Attributes Extraction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-social-networks-of-co-occurrence-characters-in-8qvov9k7.png Fig. 2: Social Networks of Co-occurrence Characters in Screenplay Scenes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-architecture-3manmovg.png Fig. 1: System architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-characters-communities-in-screenpaly-scenes-2ghyxs7z.png Fig. 3: Characters Communities in Screenpaly Scenes https://scispace.com/papers/commuting-time-and-the-gender-gap-in-labor-market-1tc6in4x4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-commuting-time-on-labor-force-lfbt3fs8.png Table 3: Effect of Commuting Time on Labor Force Participation – OLS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-and-cohesion-proximity-index-and-q2b96w65.png Figure 4: Normalized and Cohesion Proximity Index and Commuting Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-marginal-effect-of-commuting-on-the-labor-supply-of-2d8z20dp.png Figure 5: Marginal Effect of Commuting on the Labor Supply of Married US Immigrant Women https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-city-shape-on-labor-force-participation-9ba168o1.png Table 6: Effect of City Shape on Labor Force Participation – Reduced Form Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-commuting-time-on-labor-force-3876uxvz.png Table 5: Effect of Commuting Time on Labor Force Participation – 2SLS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-city-shape-on-commuting-time-first-stage-39vystj6.png Table 4: Effect of City Shape on Commuting Time – First Stage Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-commuting-costs-and-household-labor-supply-2ct6aem4.png Figure 1: Commuting Costs and Household Labor Supply https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-effect-of-commuting-time-on-the-labor-force-fjtwmecw.png Table 11: Effect of Commuting Time on the Labor Force Participation of Married Women – 2SLS (Proximity Index) https://scispace.com/papers/community-engagement-in-health-status-instrument-development-2jb27tpi6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-28nh7f1k.png Table 2. continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prespecified-categories-within-dimensions-of-2kogagba.png Table 1. Prespecified Categories Within Dimensions of Disability in the Episodic Disability Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hiv-disability-questionnaire-hdq-items-version-1-18wiqcw6.png Table 2. continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-the-episodic-disability-framework-1zu170mx.png Figure 1. Components of the Episodic Disability Framework https://scispace.com/papers/compact-channel-routing-of-multiterminal-nets-4ou1ies53j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representation-of-a-multiterminal-net-in-gcrp-3iypy3br.png Figure 4. Representation of a multiterminal net in GCRP statement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-two-symmetric-strands-of-n-active-at-c-m-28ufgf0t.png Figure 3. The two symmetric strands of N active at c.m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-1joe6qe7.png Figure 19 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-types-of-grid-point-in-multiterminal-net-layout-a-1v2vsb74.png Figure 15. Types of grid-point in multiterminal net layout : (a): T, (b): crossing, (c): knock-knee; (d): bend; (e): straight wire; (f): empty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-possible-column-states-1xqw9ewm.png Figure 5. Possible column states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-graphical-equivalents-diagonals-of-knock-knees-2oni4blv.png Figure 16. Graphical equivalents (diagonals) of knock-knees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-handling-of-a-d-p-t-column-3ntlm836.png Figure 12. Handling of a d.p. T-column https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-handling-of-a-density-preserving-column-3spm0q5a.png Figure 6. Handling of a density-preserving column https://scispace.com/papers/compact-low-noise-passively-mode-locked-er-doped-femtosecond-2vbsfshnll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-optical-spectrum-from-the-oscillator-b-rf-spectrum-1wlxt3o0.png Fig. 2. (a) Optical spectrum from the oscillator. (b) RF spectrum of the oscillator with a resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz. Inset: wide-span RF spectrum. (c) Pulse train of the oscillator with 2.68 GHz pulse repetition rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-broadened-optical-spectrum-measured-after-a-1gbeisoy.png Fig. 4. (a) The broadened optical spectrum measured after a three-stage amplifier. (b) The corresponding intensity autocorrelation trace. (c) The phase noise and timing jitter of the amplified optical pulses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-experimental-setup-of-the-2-68-ghz-vsyco2oe.png Fig. 1. Schematic experimental setup of the 2.68 GHz oscillator and the three-stage amplifier https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-measured-intensity-autocorrelation-trace-and-3nvbk2xr.png Fig. 3. (a) The measured intensity autocorrelation trace and Gaussian fit of the pre-amplified optical pulses. (b) The measured single sideband (SSB) phase noise and the integrated timing jitter. https://scispace.com/papers/compact-group-analysis-using-weak-gravitational-lensing-2xzffp1osf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-averaged-profiles-obtained-from-200-realizations-37mx8yg5.png Figure 5. Averaged profiles obtained from 200 realizations using random centres for each lensing system. Upper and lower panels show profiles computed by averaging the tangential and cross ellipticity components. The shaded regions correspond to 1σ dispersion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-distributions-of-normalized-distances-the-5g46b1xy.png Figure 6. Left: distributions of normalized distances. The solid line corresponds to |rG − rL|/R, where rG and rL are the coordinates of the geometrical and luminosity-weighted centres, respectively, and R is the CG radius. The dashed line corresponds to |rG − rB|/R, where rB is the coordinates of the brightest galaxy member. Right: distribution of centre differences in physical units. From top to bottom, |rG − rL|, |rG − rB| and |rB − rL|. The vertical dashed lines indicate the respective mean values of the distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-example-of-cgs-present-in-both-cl-subsamples-1g8gkyui.png Figure 10. Example of CGs present in both CL subsamples accompanied by their respective density contrast profile. As in Fig. 7, parameter errors consider only the fitting uncertainties and do not include those discussed in Section 3.4. The four images on the left, and the profile below them, correspond to the sample with lower CL values. The remaining figures on the right-hand side correspond to systems with higher CL values. Images were obtained from the SDSS Navigate Tool. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normalized-distributions-of-parameters-of-the-3tn7mepm.png Figure 1. Normalized distributions of parameters of the analysed CGs (black line) and catalogue B (grey line). From left to right: physical radius R, surface brightness μ and redshift z. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cg-results-columns-1-centre-choice-2-and-3-results-3mx1voam.png Table 1. CG results. Columns: (1) centre choice; (2) and (3) results from the centred SIS fit: velocity dispersion and MSIS200 ; (4) and (5) results from the miscentred SIS fit: velocity dispersion and MSIS200 ; (6)–(8) results from the centred NFW fit: c200 estimated with the centred M SIS 200 (see the text for details), R200 and MNFW200 ; (9) and (10) results from the miscentred NFW fit: c200 estimated with the miscentred M SIS 200 (see the text for details), R200 and MNFW200 ; (11) S/N ratio as defined in equation (5). σV, R200 andM200 are in units of km s −1, h−170 Mpc and 10 12 h−170 M , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-density-contrast-r-profile-of-cg-sample-for-3l6h884a.png Figure 7. Average density contrast (r) profile of CG sample for each centre: BC (left), GC ( middle) and LC (right). Solid thin and thick lines represent the best centred and miscentred SIS fits, respectively; dashed and dotted lines represent the best centred and miscentred NFW fits, respectively. The lower panels of each plot show the profile obtained using the cross component of the background galaxies” ellipticity. Error bars are computed according to equation (4). Parameter errors consider only the fitting uncertainties and do not include those discussed in Section 3.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-colour-magnitude-diagram-bottom-and-normalized-216hpzas.png Figure 4. Colour–magnitude diagram (bottom) and normalized magnitude distribution (top) of sources classified as galaxies in the CG fields. The vertical lines indicate the magnitude cuts used for the selection of background galaxies. The shaded region spans the entire mP range and the inner line indicates the mean value, 〈mP〉. The solid line at r = 21 indicates the faint limit cut. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-psf-correction-applied-to-stars-of-two-frames-semi-hi3br4h7.png Figure 3. PSF correction applied to stars of two frames: semi-major axes before (left-hand panels) and after (right-hand panels) the deconvolution. Notice that after taking into account the PSF correction, semi-major axis orientations are randomly distributed and with significantly smaller moduli. https://scispace.com/papers/compact-module-for-high-power-coherent-beam-combining-of-3zjum6dxlv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-power-stability-of-the-coherently-combined-beam-over-rj70yguv.png Fig. 3. (a) Power stability of the coherently combined beam over 160 min. (b) Signals sent by the microcontroller to the piezo driver. A change of about 2 V corresponds to a phase shift of π. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-beam-profiles-at-waist-of-single-amplifiers-and-the-2zsckuy0.png Fig. 2. Beam profiles at waist of single amplifiers and the beams after coherent superposition. Each amplifier is operated at a current of 5 A. Percentage in top right corner indicates the estimated central lobe power content of each beam. η denotes the combining efficiency at each stage and ηCBC is the overall combining efficiency. FA is in vertical, SA is in horizontal direction. https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-analysis-of-16s-rrna-gene-and-metagenome-8bd1me7hd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-shannon-index-values-among-children-less-238g7qyh.png Table 1 Average Shannon Index values among children less than 15 months at different 605 subsampling depths in the RESONANCE data-set 606 607 https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-analysis-of-muon-capture-and-0-n-b-b-decay-x1s5h3t1of 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-same-as-in-fig-1-for-the-a-100-system-37naxibb.png FIG. 4. The same as in Fig. 1 for the A = 100 system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-same-as-in-fig-1-for-the-a-116-system-l1s4qswt.png FIG. 5. The same as in Fig. 1 for the A = 116 system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-same-as-in-fig-1-for-the-a-96-system-27as7pnn.png FIG. 3. The same as in Fig. 1 for the A = 96 system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-same-as-in-fig-1-for-the-a-128-system-8gxo2k9j.png FIG. 6. The same as in Fig. 1 for the A = 128 system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-same-as-in-fig-1-for-the-a-130-system-3donew47.png FIG. 7. The same as in Fig. 1 for the A = 130 system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-same-as-in-fig-1-for-the-a-82-system-37lkx8ck.png FIG. 2. The same as in Fig. 1 for the A = 82 system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-same-as-in-fig-1-for-the-a-136-system-3pabshp2.png FIG. 8. The same as in Fig. 1 for the A = 136 system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-normalized-cumulative-average-omc-mes-and-normalized-3kcz9jb3.png FIG. 9. Normalized cumulative average OMC MEs and normalized 0νββ NMEs as functions of energy in the intermediate nuclei 76As (a) and 136Cs (b) of the A = 76 and A = 136 0νββ triplets. For more information, see the text. https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-analysis-of-tag-estimation-algorithms-on-rfid-1ylkzkr5vn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-11-utilization-rate-vs-efficiency-for-dfsa-i-ii-p-q-2le3kbmr.png Figure 4.11: Utilization rate vs efficiency for DFSA-I, II & P (Q = 4, C = 0.2 & Frame Size) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-a-common-scenario-of-rfid-system-2rhv0sij.png Figure 2.1: A common scenario of RFID system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-efficiency-comparison-of-the-algorithms-for-q-2-3jvivklf.png Figure 4.2: Efficiency comparison of the algorithms for Q = 2 & Frame Size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-efficiency-comparison-of-the-algorithms-for-q-4-2cnl67rw.png Figure 4.7: Efficiency comparison of the algorithms for Q = 4 & No Gen-2 These plots in Figure 4.6 and 4.7 tell a different story. We can see when the algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12-histogram-of-utilization-rate-for-dfsa-i-ii-p-q-2c1wiq7c.png Figure 4.12: Histogram of utilization rate for DFSA-I, II & P (Q = 2, C = 0.2 & >Frame Size/2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-brief-comparison-between-tree-and-aloha-based-1i8gf737.png Table 2.2: Brief comparison between tree and ALOHA based protocols https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-16-estimation-error-vs-efficiency-for-dfsa-i-q-2-4-2wo9ujck.png Figure 4.16: Estimation error vs efficiency for DFSA-I (Q = 2 & 4, C = 0.2 & No Gen-2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-15-utilization-rate-vs-efficiency-for-dfsa-i-ii-p-q-ivi098b4.png Figure 4.15: Utilization rate vs efficiency for DFSA-I, II & P (Q = 4, C = 0.2 & >Frame Size/2) From Figure 4.14 we can see a similar kind of distribution for the utilization rate, where most of the data points are gathered around 10% to 20% which is 5% to 15% higher than that of https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-metabolic-and-ionomic-profiling-of-two-cultivars-h011y8aelf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-on-leaf-steviol-glycoside-content-in-two-1mfkb75w.png Table 4: Effect on leaf steviol glycoside content in two cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana, 852 Shoutian-2 (C1) and Fengtian (C2) when grown in hydroponics cultures in a greenhouse and 853 treated with NaCl for 8 weeks. The P values of the two-way ANOVA refer to the variables 854 cultivar (C), salinity treatment (T), and interaction effect of cultivar × salinity treatment. 855 Least significant differences of means [LSD at 5%] across the cultivars and stress conditions; 856 degree of freedom (Df); non-significant (NS>0.05); Significance at *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; 857 ***P ≤ 0.001. Within a row and under each parameter, the means not followed by common 858 letter differ significantly (P≤0.05). 859 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-metabolite-ratio-in-shoutian-2-c1-and-fengtian-c2-8es6tbg9.png Table 5: Metabolite ratio in Shoutian-2 (C1) and Fengtian (C2) cultivars of Stevia 863 rebaudiana in different salinity stress treatments compared to control, which is set to 1. Data 864 obtained from GC-MS analysis of salt treated Shoutian -2 (C1) and Fengtian (C2) leaves 865 were normalized to the mean response calculated to the respective untreated samples to the 866 same stage of growth. Salinity treatments, T0 (control), T1 (50 mM), T2 (100 mM), T3 (200 867 mM) NaCl values are represented as the ratios ±%SE of five independent determinations. The 868 data was log transformed prior to statistical analysis. Values that are significantly higher at 869 P< 0.05 are indicated as blue cells and values that are significant at P< 0.05 / (number of 870 metabolites, Bonferroni false discovery correction) are indicated green cells. 871 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-on-leaf-chlorophyll-content-and-385themj.png Table 2: The effect on leaf chlorophyll content and osmolarity in cultivars of Stevia 805 rebaudianna, Shoutian-2(C1) and Fengtian (C2), grown in hydroponics cultures in a 806 greenhouse and treated with NaCl for 8 weeks. The P values of the two-way ANOVA refer to 807 the variables cultivar(C), salinity treatment (T), and interaction effect of cultivar× salinity 808 treatment. Least significant differences of means [LSD at 5%] are provided based on the 809 cultivar values and stress conditions. Degree of freedom (Df); non significant (NS); P >0.05, 810 significance at *; P ≤ 0.05; **; P ≤ 0.01; ***; P<0.001. 811 https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-numerical-study-of-efficiency-of-energy-57gqlsgs4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dependence-of-absorbed-energy-upon-incident-energy-nxevdrty.png Figure 1. Dependence of absorbed energy upon incident energy. (Logarithmic scale; blue circle - fundamental wavelength, red cross - second harmonic) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plasma-density-distribution-for-fixed-pulse-energy-5ljh6qpi.png Figure 3. Plasma density distribution for fixed pulse energy (66 nJ) and different wavelengths: λ = 1030 nm (left), λ = 515 nm (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plasma-density-distribution-for-fixed-wavelength-l-1ibmiwe7.png Figure 2. Plasma density distribution for fixed wavelength λ = 515 nm and different initial pulse energies: a) 23 nJ, b) 66 nJ, c) 165 nJ. https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-pathogenesis-of-different-phylogroup-i-bat-43bbkvtmnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-incubation-periods-after-low-dose-a-and-high-dose-b-i-6xthyjen.png Fig 4: Incubation periods after low dose (A) and high dose (B) i.m. infection. Mean values are provided as horizontal lines. Statistical differences between the mean of RABV-DogA as a reference challenge strain and the means of other lyssaviruses are indicated (* p ≤ .05; ** p ≤ .01; *** p ≤. 001; ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-viruses-used-in-the-study-including-details-of-their-17nvjj8b.png Table 1: Viruses used in the study, including details of their year of isolation, the respective host, and origin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kaplan-meyer-survival-plots-of-the-individual-isolates-1ctu8935.png Fig 3: Kaplan-Meyer survival plots of the individual isolates following i.m. infection with low (A) and high doses (B). Six Balb/c mice were inoculated per group. Mock-infected control mice did not develop any clinical signs and, hence, were omitted for better visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-astrocyte-tropism-of-different-bat-3fdzmopu.png Fig 7: Comparison of the astrocyte tropism of different bat lyssaviruses with a high and low IMPI. A) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-outline-of-the-animal-experiment-245ain6d.png Fig 2: Experimental setup. Outline of the animal experiment and sample collection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-intramuscular-pathogenicity-index-impi-of-the-3kiqrudw.png Figure 6: Intramuscular pathogenicity index (IMPI) of the different lyssavirus isolates obtained in the mouse model. Depicted are pathogenicity indices of combined datasets of i.m. low and high dose infected animals. A maximum index value of 2 would be reached if all mice died at day 1 post-infection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-vitro-replication-kinetics-of-lyssavirus-isolates-6ilw4zn5.png Fig 1: In vitro replication kinetics of lyssavirus isolates in Na 42/13 cells infected with an MOI of 0.001. The mean and standard errors of three replicates are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-virus-shedding-in-lyssavirus-infected-u6fde5ch.png Fig 8: Comparison of virus shedding in lyssavirus-infected mice. Percentage of animals positive/negative for viral RNA (A, B) and viable virus (C, D) in either salivary glands or oral swabs or both according to individual lyssaviruses (A, C) or grouped according to RABVs and non-RABV bat lyssaviruses (B, D). Correlation between ct-values as obtained in RT-qPCR and results of virus isolation in salivary glands (E) and oral swabs (F). Here, only animals were considered were active shedding (positive salivary gland and positive corresponding oral swab) was observed. Individual ctvalues are shown and the mean is indicated. Successful virus isolations in cell culture are highlighted. https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-study-of-using-multi-wall-carbon-nanotube-and-4oeqpw2sqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-in-cylinder-pressure-of-test-fuels-at-2220-rpm-and-25-2zan7pfg.png Fig. 7. In-cylinder pressure of test fuels at 2220 rpm and 25% (a), 50% (b), 75% (c) and 100% (d) 2 load 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-nox-emissions-of-test-fuels-at-1490-rpm-a-1855-rpm-b-2vbvu13c.png Fig. 13. NOx emissions of test fuels at 1490 rpm (a), 1855 rpm (b) and 2220 rpm (c) engine speed 2 3 Among the tested fuels, the DF-CNT has overall the lowest specific emission of NOx (solid 4 curves), which can be attributed to the following three reasons. First, DF-CNT produces 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-in-cylinder-pressure-under-25-a-50-b-75-c-and-100-d-2r9l6oqo.png Fig. 3. In-cylinder pressure under 25% (a), 50% (b), 75% (c) and 100% (d) load at 1490 rpm 2 Fig. 3 also illustrates that the difference between fuels with and without CeO2 nanopowder 3 additive becomes smaller with increasing load and finally negligible at 100% load. In 4 addition, DF-Ce25 always has higher in-cylinder pressure than DF-Ce50 at the most 5 conditions, because the CeO2 in the DF-Ce25 has smaller size and larger surface area and 6 thus invokes a higher reaction rate. 7 When the speed rises to 1855 rpm, the in-cylinder pressure of DF-Ce25 and DF-Ce50 is still 8 higher than that of DF during the main combustion period at most loads, but the difference 9 between them becomes smaller. It is because higher speed shorten the duration of each cycle, 10 and thus the residence time of fuel is not enough for all the catalyst to participate in the 11 reactions. At 2220 rpm engine speed, DF-Ce25 and DF-Ce50 have lower in-cylinder pressure 12 than DF at most loads, because the residence time of fuel is further shortened and many 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-parameters-of-the-nano-additives-13-22a56dge.png Table 1. Key parameters of the nano-additives* 13 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-hc-emissions-of-test-fuels-at-1490-rpm-a-1855-rpm-b-36nrusxr.png Fig. 14. HC emissions of test fuels at 1490 rpm (a), 1855 rpm (b) and 2220 rpm (c) engine speed 2 3 As shown in Fig. 14, fuels with nano additives have a lower specific emission of HC (solid 4 curves) than standard diesel fuel. However, the difference between them is large at 1490 rpm 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-co-emissions-of-test-fuels-at-1490-rpm-a-1855-rpm-b-p4yoavll.png Fig. 11. CO emissions of test fuels at 1490 rpm (a), 1855 rpm (b) and 2220 rpm (c) engine speed 2 3 In contrast, the impact of CeO2 nanopowder on the specific emission of CO is varying with 4 engine condition. At 1490 rpm, the specific CO emission of DF-Ce25 and DF-Ce50 is higher 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-average-specific-emission-of-co-a-nox-b-hc-c-and-pn-d-34v5ccdt.png Fig. 16. Average specific emission of CO (a), NOx (b), HC (c) and PN (d) of test fuels 9 10 Among all the fuels with nano-additives, DF-CNT has the lowest average specific emissions 11 of CO, NOx and HC (20%, 21% and 22.6% lower than DF respectively), because it generates 12 lower combustion temperature caused by its unique two-step evaporation and more uniform 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-measuring-range-and-accuracy-of-instruments-8-23kvcupg.png Table 4. Measuring range and accuracy of instruments 8 https://scispace.com/papers/comparative-transcriptome-profiling-of-heat-stress-response-1fajnlcpgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dde-genes-note-cag-cagayan-bat-bataan-bic-bicol-c-1yxmy5ee.png Figure 7: DDE genes. Note: CAG = Cagayan, BAT = Bataan, BIC = Bicol, C = Control, E = Heat-stressed. Heat map showing expression profile of the DDE genes. Each row corresponds to a DDE gene, each column to a site-treatment combination, and the color of each cell represents expression level – green for higher than row average, red for lower than row average, and the intensity of color represents the z-score of the normalized, variance-stabilized read counts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-de-genes-note-cag-cagayan-bat-bataan-bic-bicol-a-u12mykgj.png Figure 6 DE genes. Note: CAG = Cagayan, BAT = Bataan, BIC = Bicol (a) Bar graph showing number of DE genes classified according to the direction of regulation (b) Scatter plot of genes showing mean expression (measured as mean of normalized read counts) vs. log fold change for the 3 sites. Non-grey dots represent DE genes, red dots represent stress-related DE genes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gene-ontology-annotation-of-the-de-novo-bbmclrom.png Figure 4 Gene ontology annotation of the de-novo transcriptome assembly. Number of transcripts assigned to top gene ontology terms for each of the three GO domains: Biological Process (BP), B) Molecular Function (MF) and C) Cellular Component (CC). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-ten-representative-pathways-of-the-de-novo-32zavin8.png Figure 5 Top ten representative pathways of the de-novo transcriptome assembly annotated from the PANTHER database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presence-of-almost-full-length-transcripts-in-the-1z9kvn30.png Table 1 Presence of almost full-length transcripts in the assembly. The second (third) column shows the number of fruitfly (shrimp) proteins that align to a contig in the assembly such that the alignment covers the percentage in the first column of the protein length. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exn50-which-is-the-n50-length-when-considering-only-21rj5qhw.png Figure 2 ExN50, which is the N50 length when considering only the top expressing genes that account for x percentage of expression, shown here for different values of x. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-for-each-gene-based-on-the-model-in-equation-1-we-188v10mr.png Table 2 For each gene, based on the model in Equation 1, we test the statistical hypotheses shown in the second column, which corresponds to the biological hypotheses in the third column. https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-absentee-and-precinct-voters-a-view-over-time-2yrxpyv88o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-alternate-absentee-voting-model-2v78ym06.png Figure 2b: Alternate Absentee Voting Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-absentee-voting-model-1lgp5ucq.png Figure 2b: Alternate Absentee Voting Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-actual-versus-predicted-absentee-voting-as-percent-2qcdiq8x.png Figure 3: Actual Versus Predicted Absentee Voting as Percent of Registered Voters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-actual-absentee-percentages-t-1lr2nxvk.png Table 3: ACTUAL ABSENTEE PERCENTAGES t https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-general-election-results-24lowtf4.png Table 4: GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-primary-election-results-1g7x8s8e.png Table 5: PRIMARY ELECTION RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predicted-absentee-voting-with-and-without-j5sy37kf.png Figure 4: Predicted Absentee Voting With and Without Legislation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absentees-as-percent-of-ballots-cast-3d9ix845.png Figure 1: Absentees as Percent of Ballots Cast https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-and-selecting-performance-measures-using-rank-33oje0cdj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-sharpe-mrar-2-full-line-and-sharpe-mrar-10-2a3ory2a.png Figure 2: Ratio Sharpe/MRAR(2) (full line) and Sharpe/MRAR(10) (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-performance-measures-considered-the-first-tzlz1hnm.png Table 1: List of performance measures considered. The first column reports the performance measure name as defined in Section 2. The other columns refer to the return type considered in the evaluation of the performance measures: the returns of a given asset, the excess returns with respect to a risk-free investment, and the deviations between the asset returns and the benchmark investment. When needed, beside the name of each performance measure we report the number of parameter combinations considered. The Treynor index, the Appraisal Ratio and the M2 index are not defined for deviations of asset returns with respect to benchmark returns. M2 is not defined for excess returns. In brackets we report the number of cases considered for each performance measure, deriving it from the parameter combinations previously discussed. For instance, the Burke and Sterling ratios have two different cases associated with the two values of the parameter w. Similarly, the Farinelli-Tibiletti ratios are included in eighteen different forms combining the six cases for the moment order pairs and the three thresholds. The LAP measures include 19 cases, obtained by combining the 4 performance measures described in the previous section, and 6 parameter combinations mimicking Farinelli and Tibiletti (2003) and Gemmill et al. (2006). The 5 cases of LAPS computed with the FT index parameter combinations are not considered since these are equivalent to Omega measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ratio-sharpe-omega-for-returns-full-line-excess-3akxjnya.png Figure 1: Ratio Sharpe/Omega for returns (full line), excess return (dashed line) and excess returns from benchmark (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-rank-correlations-full-line-5-and-95-3ugrqkz7.png Figure 3: Average rank correlations (full line), 5% and 95% quantiles (dashed lines) for each pair of selected performance measures. The average and quantiles are computed with respect to the time index. The rank correlations are ordered with respect to their sample average. https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-grounded-theory-and-topic-modeling-extreme-216nxt2a1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-logo-used-by-99-days-of-freedom-organizers-color-3pzfxk4b.png Figure 1 Logo used by 99 Days of Freedom organizers. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-similarities-between-topics-identified-in-topic-18l5dtra.png Table 1. Similarities between topics identified in topic modeling (left) and themes identified in grounded theory (top). https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-parallel-passages-in-digital-archives-3vy0jg3npq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-longest-sequence-shared-between-two-chapters-of-1wkjjoaf.png Table 5: The longest sequence shared between two chapters of the Bible from different periods, with the differences between the two sequences highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-document-comparison-between-multiple-parallel-2qd7eeue.png Figure 1: A document comparison between multiple parallel passages extracted from the Aramaic Magic Bowl archive. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-summary-of-the-digital-archives-supported-by-the-3mgo6lgr.png Table 2: A summary of the digital archives supported by the document comparison tool. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-longest-sequence-shared-between-two-chapters-of-3rb6cd9o.png Table 6: The longest sequence shared between two chapters of the Bible from different periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-an-example-parallel-passage-identified-in-two-1j5n21me.png Table 3: An example parallel passage identified in two separate issues in a column published in the Financial Times newspapers archive 10 days apart. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-example-parallel-passage-appearing-in-de-jong-3jivwg0y.png Table 1: An example “parallel passage”, appearing in [de Jong, 2007]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-longest-sequence-shared-between-two-chapters-of-2lxoid70.png Table 4: The longest sequence shared between two chapters of the Bible from different periods, with the differences between the two sequences highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-document-comparison-between-two-parallel-passages-1gt07jc0.png Figure 2: A document comparison between two parallel passages extracted from the King James Bible. https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-topological-and-physical-approaches-to-network-5e6txwjqid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-topology-of-the-pareto-solution-3-3k3fz9gt.png Figure 3. The topology of the Pareto solution #3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-pareto-front-reached-by-a-population-of-25-2di7c999.png Figure 2. (a) Pareto front reached by a population of 25 chromosomes evolving for 300 generations; (b) Comparison of the cascading vulnerability between the original and the most resilient networks under different network tolerance values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cascading-vulnerability-normalized-load-shedding-28lnho6t.png Figure 4. Cascading vulnerability (normalized load shedding) evaluated by the OPA model for the three chosen networks over a range of network tolerance values α. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-400kv-french-power-transmission-network-3lter59h.png Figure 1. The 400kV French power transmission network https://scispace.com/papers/comparing-verification-performance-of-kids-and-adults-for-3xdrzf2vb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-distribution-of-ages-3-18-in-the-dataset-34agygzc.png TABLE I DISTRIBUTION OF AGES 3 - 18 IN THE DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-roc-of-geometry-24ujy94h.png Fig. 19. ROC of Geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-roc-of-shape-3rk4hjym.png Fig. 20. ROC of Shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-employed-flatbed-scanner-solution-with-containment-ggjwgsr3.png Fig. 1. Employed flatbed scanner solution with containment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-geometry-feature-for-5-year-old-boy-left-vs-adult-1xny2g2m.png Fig. 4. Geometry feature for 5-year-old boy (left) vs. adult (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shape-feature-for-15-year-old-child-left-vs-adult-j7yhnb71.png Fig. 5. Shape feature for 15-year-old child (left) vs. adult (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-eigenfingers-and-eigenpalm-of-11-year-old-girl-left-vs-3gk69eii.png Fig. 3. Eigenfingers and Eigenpalm of 11-year-old girl (left) vs. adult (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fingerprint-of-5-year-old-boy-left-vs-adult-right-d1flulnt.png Fig. 2. Fingerprint of 5-year-old boy (left) vs. adult (right). https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-context-free-grammars-based-on-parsing-g9onw8khly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-marking-foci-for-branch-and-unfolding-coverage-34ljzsaj.png Fig. 2. Marking foci for branch and unfolding coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-test-set-sizes-amount-of-test-data-generated-to-3q5pjokh.png Fig. 5. Test set sizes. Amount of test data generated to satisfy trivial, production, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-visualized-nonterminal-matching-in-every-color-matrix-nsv20cm8.png Fig. 7. Visualized nonterminal matching. In every color matrix, each row repre- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-enumeration-of-test-data-achieving-coverage-n5xg48x5.png Fig. 4. Enumeration of test data achieving coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-varying-foci-for-branch-and-unfolding-coverage-198o2vju.png Fig. 3. Varying foci for branch and unfolding coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-time-in-minutes-seconds-and-if-necessary-1vj3zaxz.png Table 3. Performance. Time (in minutes, seconds and, if necessary, hours) to gen- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tescol-nonterminal-matching-blue-dark-grey-bar-parts-2v2a1649.png Fig. 9. TESCOL nonterminal matching. Blue (dark grey) bar parts denote non- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-testing-java-grammars-and-parsers-the-habelitz-grammar-nw54i457.png Fig. 6. Testing Java grammars and parsers. The Habelitz grammar is apparently https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-adsorption-equilibrium-models-and-error-fpjela17ch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-a-comparison-between-this-work-and-other-reported-2p9gk6fw.png Table 5. A comparison between this work and other reported data from the literature for removal of sulfate from water. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optimal-parameter-values-when-different-error-18bmotao.png Table 3. Optimal parameter values, when different error functions were used for sulfate ions of SLS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimal-parameter-values-when-different-error-26ocbnqr.png Table 4. Optimal parameter values, when different error functions were used sulfate ions of Na2SO4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effect-of-no3-h2po4-and-nh4cl-on-adsorption-of-38vaih2s.png Figure 7. The effect of NO3−, H2PO4 and NH4Cl on adsorption of SLS and Na2SO4. Singlecomponent system = SLS/Na2SO4 solution; multi-component-system= NO3−, H2PO4, NH4Cl and SLS/Na2SO4 in the same solution. Dose: 16 g L-1, pH: 7, concentration: 200 mg L-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-contact-time-on-naso4-and-sls-adsorption-3u41wwj0.png Figure 4. Effects of contact time on NaSO4 and SLS adsorption by CHA/MFC for solution concentrations of 120 ppm and 250 ppm. EXP= experimental data; PS1=pseudo-first order model; PS2=pseudo-second order model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetics-parameters-for-the-adsorption-of-sulfates-2fqjwt4t.png Table 2. Kinetics parameters for the adsorption of sulfates from Na2SO4 and SLS on CHA/MFC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-effect-of-the-error-function-on-the-langmuir-1h9wxanf.png Figure 6. The effect of the error function on the Langmuir isotherm for a) SLS b) Na2SO4 adsorption by CHA/MFC. Dose: 16 g/L, pH: 5, SO4 concentration: 0.9-15 mM. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-deep-convolutional-neural-networks-and-edge-41rvzbnd3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-dcnn-accuracy-during-training-and-validation-586-38q4znlc.png Figure 10. DCNN accuracy during training and validation 586 587 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-cracked-and-sound-sub-images-in-training-3akw8wo2.png Table 1. Number of cracked and sound sub-images in training, validation, and testing datasets 606 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-crack-in-the-a-ground-truth-2325-px-b-without-4ujbji0e.png Figure 5 Crack in the (a) ground truth, 2325 px, (b) without second level threshold operation 3672 pixels 563 false detection (c) with second level threshold operation: 214 px false detection (Gaussian edge detector) 564 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-edge-detector-performance-on-sub-images-2530o6cg.png Table 4 Summary of edge detector performance on sub-images in the U class 615 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-results-of-a-fully-trained-dcnn-crack-detection-b-2z3zbf4k.png Figure 13. Results of (a) fully trained DCNN crack detection, (b) transfer learning DCNN, and (c) 594 classifier DCNN for crack detection on the original full scale images in the testing dataset 595 596 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-dcnn-results-619-1l9bbutw.png Table 5. Summary of DCNN results 619 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-alexnet-dcnn-architecture-567-568-3obs4pbb.png Figure 6. AlexNet DCNN architecture 567 568 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-dataset-550-2kamnyu5.png Figure 1 Illustration of the dataset 550 https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-bone-microarchitecture-between-adult-cwwmwq1bwk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bone-microstructure-assessed-by-hr-pqct-radius-10yiq618.png Table 3 Bone microstructure assessed by HR-pQCT (radius) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-differences-in-bone-microarchitecture-in-the-distal-32y3b2h9.png Fig. 3 Differences in bone microarchitecture in the distal radius of OI patients compared to patients with early-onset osteoporosis (EOOP) and healthy controls. Differences in a BV/TV, bone volume per tissue volume; b Tb.N, trabecular number; c Tb.Th, trabecular thickness; d Ct.Th, cortical thickness; e Tb.BMD, trabecular bone mineral density; f Ct.BMD, cortical bone mineral density; *p < 0.05. Data are presented in boxplots https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-differences-in-bone-microarchitecture-in-the-distal-c26xhr7m.png Fig. 4 Differences in bone microarchitecture in the distal tibia of OI patients compared to patients with early-onset osteoporosis (EOOP) and healthy controls. Differences in a BV/TV, bone volume per tissue volume; b Tb.N, trabecular number; c Tb.Th, trabecular thickness; d Ct.Th, cortical thickness; e Tb.BMD, trabecular bone mineral density; f Ct.BMD, cortical bone mineral density; *p < 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-29-oi-patients-including-sex-age-3oeasyka.png Table 1 Overview of the 29 OI patients including sex, age, mutation sequence, novelty, and clinical features https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-characteristics-of-the-three-study-groups-2ojz6oye.png Table 2 Patient characteristics of the three study groups including subdivision of the OI cohort in different mutation types https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-resolution-peripheral-quantitative-ct-scans-35v40bpv.png Fig. 2 High-resolution peripheral quantitative CT scans demonstrate the heterogeneity of microstructural alterations in OI and EOOP. a Healthy control. b Severely diminished trabecular microarchitecture in an OI patient. c Cortical bone loss but almost normal trabecular bone (OI patient). d Moderate, combined trabecular, and cortical bone loss (EOOP patient). Note that all three bone loss patterns (b–c) occurred in both groups https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-infectivity-and-virulence-of-clones-of-i9w2wrl7e4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-average-parasitemia-in-experimental-mice-infections-29kcndjk.png Fig. 1. a) Average parasitemia in experimental mice infections withTrypanosoma evansi clones (TeAp-ElFrio01 and TeGu-Terecay323) and a Trypanosoma equiperdum clone (TeAp-N/D1). b) Survival curves of the experimental mice. c) Changes in hematocrit values in mice experimentally infected with clones. NMRI mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1 trypomastigote of either T. evansi or T. equiperdum cloned strains. A group of non-infected mice was used as control. Mice survival rates were registered daily. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-biological-data-for-the-mice-infections-using-the-t-1wqpyyjk.png Table 1 Biological data for the mice infections using the T. evansi and T. equiperdum clones. % Infection= number of mice with at least 1 trypanosome detected during the follow-up/number of inoculated mice ×100; % Mortality= number of dead mice/number of inoculated mice ×100; Prepatent period= average period prior to the first appearance of parasites in the blood; Maximum parasitemia reached (×106 trypanosomes/ml). https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-lagrangian-and-eulerian-frames-of-passive-ctj1tjunmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-profile-of-the-streamwise-velocity-field-3c9vf9bp.png FIG. 2. Mean profile of the streamwise velocity field component u1 with respect to x2. The profile is obtained by a combined average over coordinates x1, x3 and time t . This flow property is unchanged for all cases discussed below. Amplitude is given in units of the root-mean-square velocity urms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-list-of-important-constants-reference-values-and-245eu2p1.png TABLE II. List of important constants, reference values and initial simulation parameters. The Reynolds number is defined as Re = urmsL/ν. The Taylor microscale Reynolds number is given by Rλ =√ 5/(3〈 〉ν ) u2rms. The specific domain length is in our setup L = 12.8 cm. The kinematic viscosity is that of air. The root mean square velocity urms = 6.64 cm s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mixing-of-a-passive-scalar-in-a-periodic-slab-domain-1ef6f7ay.png FIG. 4. Mixing of a passive scalar in a periodic slab domain. The passive scalar is simulated in the Lagrangian frame of reference as an ensemble of 4.8 billion individual tracers with additional noise (Langevin equation). Initially all tracers start in a small subdomain. We display the configuration for times t = 0〈ts〉, 0.55〈ts〉, 1.10〈ts〉, and 2.20〈ts〉. The Schmidt number is Sc = 64. The additional shear forcing causes a mean advection in x1 direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-isocontour-plots-of-the-concentration-field-for-the-2fxbvz8x.png FIG. 7. Isocontour plots of the concentration field for the cases L3 and E3 of a decaying passive scalar with Schmidt number Sc = 64 at x = 4d with d/L = 0.25. The field is represented by 4.8 billion individual tracer particles (left column) or by an Eulerian scalar field advected by the fluid flow (right column) for times t = 2.75〈ts〉 (top row) and t = 5.5〈ts〉 (bottom row). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-probability-density-functions-pdfs-of-the-passive-1qjneb7i.png FIG. 6. Probability density functions (PDFs) of the passive scalar concentration taken at different times of the evolution for different Schmidt numbers. The left column shows the Lagrangian cases L1, L2, L3, the right column the Eulerian cases E1, E2, E3. Top row: Sc = 1. Middle row: Sc = 32. Bottom row: Sc = 64. At the beginning, the scalar PDF is a bimodal distribution with entries at / 0 = 0 and 1 only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-time-dependence-of-the-fit-coefficient-a-for-the-esdv1naw.png FIG. 10. Time dependence of the fit coefficient α for the scalar distribution exponential tails which have the shape exp(−α ) as shown in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-finite-time-lyapunov-exponents-ftle-analysis-a-c-280quvpz.png FIG. 3. Finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) analysis. (a)–(c) Contour plot of the calculated first FTLE, λ1, for times at t = 0.8, t = 2, and t = 5 s, the dark color represents zones of high stretching rates or where particle trajectories separate most strongly. (d)–(f): The corresponding probability distributions of all three Lyapunov exponents. The first exponent λ1 is strictly positive and the third exponent λ3 is strictly negative. With increasing time the distributions converge slowly to the limit of Gaussian distributions with decreasing width. The dashed red line in panel (f) is the corresponding Gaussian distribution. The legend is the same for panels (d)–(f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-scalar-distribution-red-lines-shown-together-with-the-182fevg1.png FIG. 9. Scalar distribution (red lines) shown together with the distribution based on the prediction from the smallest Lyapunov exponent (solid gray lines) as defined in Eq. (43). The additional gray lines represent (multiple) self-convolution operations of the passive scalar PDFs. Times are t = 1.79 〈ts〉 in (a), 2.38 〈ts〉 in (b), 2.98 〈ts〉 in (c), and 3.57 〈ts〉 in (d). The insets in the figure replot the corresponding data on logarithmic axes. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-multi-criteria-decision-making-methods-for-4s675mzy31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electre-iii-logical-overview-2jykow7b.png Figure 5 ELECTRE III Logical Overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-criteria-for-case-study-1p8psx96.png Table 2 Criteria for case study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemdecide-framework-6j78x8pb.png Figure 1 ChemDecide framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-decision-setup-logical-overview-gshcy20m.png Figure 2 Decision Setup Logical Overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-three-analyses-criteria-weights-3u96u1kt.png Figure 6 Comparison of the three analyses criteria weights https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mare-logical-overview-18rqlv4t.png Figure 4 MARE Logical Overview https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-electre-iii-results-for-the-ffic-case-study-r76jswfq.png Figure 11 ELECTRE III Results for the FFIC Case Study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mare-results-for-the-ffic-case-study-1aaxpzmh.png Figure 10 MARE Results for the FFIC Case Study https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-methods-of-estimating-variance-components-in-4ptvvg28r1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-square-errors-mse-for-anova-divided-by-mse-for-3lhayqa7.png TABLE 6. MEAN SQUARE ERRORS (MSE) FOR ANOVA DIVIDED BY MSE FOR PSEUDO EXPECTATION APPROACH https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mean-square-errors-mse-for-regression-of-offspring-xzcn4412.png TABLE 7. MEAN SQUARE ERRORS (MSE) FOR REGRESSION OF OFFSPRING ON PARENT DIVIDED BY MSE FOR PSEUDO EXPECTATION APPROACH ESTIMATES OF HERITABILITY https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-passive-flow-control-methods-for-a-cavity-in-3mmwvnzuda 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-passive-control-methods-used-1ryrxmxr.png Table 1: Summary of the passive control methods used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-piv-derived-contours-of-normalised-streamwise-2oqvcfpl.png Figure 16: PIV-derived contours of normalised streamwise velocity; freestream flow is from left to right .´ D 0;M1 D 0:71/. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-piv-derived-contours-of-normalised-vertical-ux4kq7t2.png Figure 17: PIV-derived contours of normalised vertical velocity; freestream flow is from left to right .´ D 0;M1 D 0:71/. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-passive-control-method-geometries-lqmiiw4b.png Figure 5: Passive control method geometries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effect-of-porous-walls-on-the-sound-pressure-level-2378wlpl.png Figure 11: Effect of porous walls on the sound pressure level inside the cavity .M1 D 0:71; x=L D 0:9/. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-effect-of-steps-on-the-sound-pressure-level-inside-qioto7hl.png Figure 12: Effect of steps on the sound pressure level inside the cavity .M1 D 0:71; x=L D 0:9/. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-arrangement-of-pressure-tappings-on-the-cavity-2q3e1tsh.png Figure 4: The arrangement of pressure tappings on the cavity floor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-effect-of-the-different-passive-control-devices-on-1fi48d4t.png Figure 13: Effect of the different passive control devices on centreline OASPL .M1 D 0:71/. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-physical-activity-in-small-sided-basketball-1yvzm8d5k7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-for-measures-of-1ja9zaas.png Table 1. Means and Standard Deviations for Measures of Physical Activity in 3v3 and 5v5 Games https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-offensive-played-balls-by-position-and-condition-jk91ne1z.png Table 2. Offensive-Played Balls by Position and Condition https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-protons-carbon-and-fullerene-impacts-on-a-33pfddqeh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-sequence-of-the-interaction-of-a-200-ev-proton-3njpn75i.png Fig. 1. Time sequence of the interaction of a 200 eV proton with a graphite cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-sequence-of-the-interaction-of-a-2-kev-carbon-ion-u4ig3h4i.png Fig. 2. Time sequence of the interaction of a 2 keV carbon ion with a graphite cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-sequence-of-the-interaction-of-a-1-mev-c6-ring-1y3msfst.png Fig. 8. Time sequence of the interaction of a 1 MeV C6 ring molecule with a graphite cylinder. The camera is moving at the same velocity as the initial velocity of the molecule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-sequence-of-the-interaction-of-a-1-mev-c6-ring-8wqk42he.png Fig. 7. Time sequence of the interaction of a 1 MeV C6 ring molecule with a graphite cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-sequence-of-the-interaction-of-a-10-mev-c60-4xouqeiz.png Fig. 4. Time sequence of the interaction of a 10 MeV C60 fullerene with a graphite cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-sequence-of-the-interaction-of-a-10-mev-c60-36qx0eu8.png Fig. 5. Time sequence of the interaction of a 10 MeV C60 fullerene with a graphite cylinder. The camera is moving with same velocity as the initial velocity of the fullerene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-sequence-of-the-interaction-of-a-12-kev-c6-ring-eqfo1909.png Fig. 6. Time sequence of the interaction of a 12 keV C6 ring molecule with a graphite cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-sequence-of-the-interaction-of-a-120-kev-c60-3fe7mqd4.png Fig. 3. Time sequence of the interaction of a 120 keV C60 fullerene with a graphite cylinder. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-routing-methods-in-telecommunication-networks-20e2w4miwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12a-e-a-majority-relations-for-a3-fig-12b-e-a-majority-1601yf93.png Fig. 12a- e(a)-majority relations for a3 Fig. 12b- e(a)-majority relations for a4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-min-max-ranges-for-s2-337nzssj.png Fig. 10 Min-max ranges for S2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-confrontation-table-for-s2-3rorkfw5.png Fig. 9 Confrontation table, for S2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-k-optimality-regions-of-a3-and-a4-for-s2-the-shaded-12wyzrbh.png Fig. 11 k-optimality regions of a3 and a4 for S2. The shaded areas represent projections of volumes in the space (k1, k4, k7), onto a two dimensional space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-min-max-ranges-for-s1-slusgwve.png Fig. 4 The min-max ranges for S1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alternatives-of-the-decision-problem-routing-methods-2ssivs7d.png Table 1: alternatives of the decision problem-routing methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-main-features-of-alternatives-for-s2-wtfe9u0c.png Fig. 8 Main features of alternatives, for S2 https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-statistical-algorithms-for-detecting-4ilt7ymdht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-part-of-drome-river-downstream-reaches-on-fig-3-all-1i7jqyia.png Figure 4: Part of Drôme River downstream reaches on Fig. 3. All methods with the same optimisation as on Fig. 3. See zoom of the rectangle on the eHMM subfigure in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-3rd-template-left-without-noise-right-with-noise-27q9iikj.png Figure 12: 3rd template. Left without noise; right: with noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sensitivity-to-a-probability-of-2nd-type-risk-and-6tor1doc.png Figure 7: Sensitivity to α (probability of 2nd type risk) and resolution in the the Pettitt method, top: with noise; bottom: without noise; left: low probability of wrong acceptance of homogeneity; right: high probability. Top and bottom graphs are all for resolution 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sensitivity-to-affinity-threshold-in-the-scc-method-1fd8xz6r.png Figure 8: Sensitivity to affinity threshold in the SCC method. Top: with noise; bottom: without noise; left: low affinity threshold; right: high affinity threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-2nd-template-with-noise-all-methods-3osnqrit.png Figure 11: 2nd template, with noise, all methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-topology-of-an-ergodic-hmm-the-dashed-lines-3q3p0bn8.png Figure 1: Topology of an ergodic HMM: the dashed lines correspond to the authorised transitions in the ergodic model vs. the linear model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-drome-river-active-channel-width-mean-and-half-2jgdr412.png Figure 3: Drôme River, active channel width, mean, and half standard error for reaches found by all methods fitted on the whole river but represented on the upstream part corresponding to Fig. 2. For ergodic HMM, homogeneous sectors for no less than six points. For SCC, aff. thr. is the affinity threshold, which has the dimension of the variable. Note that the Pettitt, CE and SCC methods are parameterised with more reaches than the Hubert and HMM methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comprehensive-description-of-templates-with-3dgvdywu.png Table 2: comprehensive description of templates (with abscissas of points for resolution 1) https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-the-photoelectrochemical-oxidation-of-methanol-4507o58xzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-imps-measured-at-the-rutile-tio2-100-surface-in-3eov8ep3.png Fig. 8 IMPS measured at the rutile TiO2 (100) surface in aqueous 0.1 MKCl with methanol concentrations of 0 (&), 1 vol% ( ), 5 vol% ( ), 10 vol% ( ) and 15 vol% ( ) at 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, solid symbols indicate measurements at 63 and 6.3 Hz, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-imps-measured-at-the-rutile-tio2-001-surface-in-zh3871ex.png Fig. 7 IMPS measured at the rutile TiO2 (001) surface in aqueous 0.1 M KCl (a) before and (b) after addition of 1 vol% methanol at potentials of 0.3 V vs.Ag/AgCl (&), 0.2 V vs.Ag/AgCl ( ), 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl ( ) and 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl ( ), solid symbols indicate measurements at 63 and 6.3 Hz, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-illustration-of-processes-involving-photogenerated-1ci9cfkc.png Fig. 1 (a) Illustration of processes involving photogenerated holes at the electrode surface. (b) Scheme of an IMPS complex plane plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-potential-dependence-of-ktr-for-a-001-and-b-100-11bxef73.png Fig. 11 Potential dependence of ktr for (a) (001) and (b) (100) surfaces measured at methanol concentrations of 0 vol% (solid symbols) and 1 vol% (open symbols). Solid lines are fits to eqn (6e) with X0 and k3 replaced by eqn (6g) and (7), respectively, and k5 = 0. Dashed lines are for illustration purposes only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-methanol-concentration-dependence-of-ktr-for-rutile-a-1k3re8bv.png Fig. 12 Methanol concentration dependence of ktr for rutile (a) (001) and (b) (100) surfaces at 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Lines correspond to fits to eqn (6e) (a) and to eqn (6a) (b), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-methanol-concentration-dependence-of-krec-for-rutile-3i5gflgh.png Fig. 13 Methanol concentration dependence of krec for rutile (a) (001) and (b) (100) surfaces at 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Lines are simulations corresponding to eqn (6f) (a) and (6b) (b), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-images-of-tio2-a-001-before-photoetching-b-001-3mbyv6xo.png Fig. 4 SEM images of TiO2 (a) (001) before photoetching, (b) (001) after photoetching, (c) (100) before photoetching, and (d) (100) after photoetching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-i-v-curves-measured-at-a-001-and-b-100-surfaces-of-3kaocd3z.png Fig. 3 I–V curves measured at (a) (001) and (b) (100) surfaces of rutile TiO2 in the dark (dashed lines) and under illumination (solid lines) with a 250 W Xe lamp in 0.1 M KCl (aq), scan rate = 200 mV s 1. The measurements have been carried out before (black) and after (grey) photoetching. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-three-methods-of-measuring-vertebral-heart-2ja3jgiumw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-laterolateral-thoracic-radiographic-view-with-long-cftr6l4y.png Figure 2. Laterolateral thoracic radiographic view with long and short axis of the heart and VHS unit (body and disc of T4) according to second and third method of VHS measurement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-la-and-short-sa-axis-of-the-heart-in-lateral-mgklwsrd.png Figure 1. Long (LA) and short (SA) axis of the heart in lateral radiograph view, with repositioning of their length over thoracic vertebrae beginning with cranial edge of T4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vhs-values-mean-standard-deviation-and-coefficient-36adctbp.png Table 1. VHS values (mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation according to three methods of VHS measurement in German shepherd dogs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vhs-values-v-in-dogs-according-to-three-methods-of-1t29de64.png Figure 3. VHS values (v) in dogs according to three methods of VHS measurement https://scispace.com/papers/compass-a-community-driven-parallelization-advisor-for-2okyo8ocef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-architecture-of-the-proposed-compass-system-1ii4lpcu.png Figure 1. System architecture of the proposed COMPASS system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-compass-procedurization-using-a-library-1tylu3bo.png Figure 2. Example COMPASS Procedurization using a library call from the Intel IPP R©library [27] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-compass-procedurization-using-a-library-v32qb14o.png Figure 3. Example COMPASS Procedurization using a library call from the NVIDIA CUDA R©library [19] https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-transcriptome-derived-simple-sequence-repeat-52o27ye0ou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-srr-and-snp-markers-used-1fwh6kjn.png Table 2. Characteristics of the SRR and SNP markers used, including the chromosome in which they are situated, the S. incanum and S. aethiopicum unigenes to which they correspond (Gramazio et al. 2016), the corresponding scaffold in the eggplant genome ((Hirakawa et al. 2014)), and the forward and reverse primers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-genetic-diversity-statistics-including-number-of-3lo8mwvx.png Table 5. Genetic diversity statistics, including number of alleles, major allele frequency, number of genotypes, polymorphic information content (PIC), expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and coefficient of inbreeding (f) for the 35 SNP markers evaluated in a collection of brinjal, gboma and scarlet eggplants accessions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-upgma-hierarchical-clustering-consensus-phenograms-21kr3vjb.png Figure 2. UPGMA hierarchical clustering consensus phenograms based on Nei (1972) genetic distances for the brinjal (S. melongena and S. incanum), gboma (S. macrocarpon and S. dasyphyllum) and scarlet eggplant (S. aethiopicum and S. anguivi) complex groups according to SSR (left) and SNP markers (right). Bootstrap values (based on 1000 replications; expressed in percentage) greater than 50% are indicated at the corresponding nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-genetic-diversity-statistics-including-major-allele-12dn7xrf.png Table 4. Genetic diversity statistics, including major allele frequency, number of genotypes, number of alleles, expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), polymorphic information content (PIC), and coefficient of inbreeding (f) for the 11 SSR markers evaluated in a collection of brinjal, gboma and scarlet eggplants accessions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-snp-x-axis-and-ssr-y-axis-pair-233nxhxk.png Figure 1. Relationship between SNP (X-axis) and SSR (Y-axis) pair-wise genetic distances among 48 individual accessions of the brinjal, gboma and scarlet eggplant complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-accessions-having-a-shared-genetic-profile-with-11-nt58vk5b.png Table 3. Accessions having a shared genetic profile with 11 SSR or 35 SNP markers, or using all of them (11 SNP plus 35 SNP markers). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plant-materials-used-for-molecular-characterization-1w8bv6r6.png Table 1. Plant materials used for molecular characterization with SNP and SSR markers of a collection of accessions of brinjal, gboma and scarlet eggplant complex, including the species and cultivar group and the country of origin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-nei-1972-genetic-identities-among-the-different-1x267fbo.png Table 6. Nei (1972) genetic identities among the different groups of the brinjal, gboma and scarlet eggplant complexes based on SSR (above the diagonal) and SNP (below the diagonal) markers. Vertical and horizontal lines separate the different eggplant complexes. https://scispace.com/papers/comparison-of-visual-and-refractive-results-of-toric-16bgz08xl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-preoperative-cumulative-cdva-snellen-acuity-versus-3kjgbi1v.png Fig. 5 Preoperative cumulative CDVA Snellen acuity versus postoperative UDVA after TICL implantation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pre-and-postoperative-visual-outcomes-in-eyes-that-2u3mtfpm.png Table 3 Pre- and postoperative visual outcomes in eyes that underwent Toric Implantable Collamer Lens implantation (n081) or bioptics (n083) for the correction of myopic astigmatism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-preoperative-cumulative-cdva-snellen-acuity-versus-25r9djdl.png Fig. 6 Preoperative cumulative CDVA Snellen acuity versus postoperative UDVA after bioptics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preoperative-demographics-of-eyes-that-underwent-1mx09jfg.png Table 1 Preoperative demographics of eyes that underwent Toric Implantable Collamer Lens implantation or bioptics for the correction of myopic astigmatism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-changes-in-cdva-safety-in-the-ticl-and-bioptics-groups-1w9e0n39.png Fig. 7 Changes in CDVA (safety) in the TICL and bioptics groups https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-preoperative-preop-versus-12-month-postoperative-1wda16rr.png Fig. 1 Preoperative (preop) versus 12-month postoperative refractive cylinder in diopters (D) after TICL implantation and bioptics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-values-of-vectorial-decomposition-components-kfb4cdwo.png Table 2 Mean values of vectorial decomposition components before and after TICL implantation and bioptics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scatter-plot-of-the-astigmatic-vectors-j0-and-j45-1lthpf3q.png Fig. 2 Scatter plot of the astigmatic vectors (J0 and J45) before and after TICL (a) and bioptics (b) treatment. The more central location of postoperative data represents the reduction of preoperative astigmatism https://scispace.com/papers/compatibility-of-imidazolium-based-ionic-liquids-for-co2-56nztscsds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1q3zuq63.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-13g3db8k.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bj2b2266.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1100r3a4.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-steel-alloys-used-by-mass-c-si-mn-s-p-5i32dx0e.png Table 2. Composition of steel alloys used, % by mass. C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1ajxq0ri.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/compensation-of-heat-load-deformations-using-adaptive-optics-4j1u6lr8so 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-power-density-in-w-mm2-on-mirror-m1-a-kh-3-07-kv-0-1ws3t4r6.png Fig. 1. Power density (in W/mm2) on mirror M1. a) Kh = 3.07,Kv = 0 (integrated power 3,523 W), b) Kh = 0,Kv = 3.07 (integrated power 3,776 W), c) Kh = 2.171,Kv = 2.171,Φ = 0 °(integrated power 3,978 W), d) Kh = 2.171,Kv = 2.171,Φ = 90 °(integrated power 1,353 W). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-the-strehl-ratio-for-a-deformation-in-21ge085w.png Fig. 6. Variation of the Strehl ratio for a deformation in form of cosine with a deformation amplitude of 50 nm corrected with different profiles at M3: ideal correction, and profiles resulting from applying the AXO basis with (cropped or extrapolated, see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-correction-profile-on-m3-left-and-intensity-1bppgwp5.png Fig. 4. Correction profile on M3 (left) and intensity distribution (right) at the focal position when the different deformations of M1 are corrected by the AXO in M3 using a) ideal correction profile, b) expansion of the ideal profiles as a function of the AXO orthonormal basis which defines a shorter mirror, and c) expansion of the ideal profiles as a function of the AXO orthonormal basis and then making a linear extrapolation at the edges to the longer mirror length. Note that the intensity profiles have been shifted vertically for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-column-2d-map-of-the-surface-deformation-a1-1s5z78bf.png Fig. 2. Left column: 2D map of the surface deformation: a1) cryogenic mirror for Kh = 3.07, Kv = 0; b1) cryogenic mirror for Kh = 0, Kv = 3.07; c1) water-cooled mirror Kh = 3.07, Kv = 0; d1) water-cooled mirror Kh = 0, Kv = 3.07. Central column: the extracted 1D profiles a2,b2,c2, and d2 respectively. Right column: The focused image with these profiles are in Figs. a3, b3, c3 and d3, respectively. The FWHM values are: 3.85, 3.91, 8.53 and 36.34 µm, respectively (3.68 µm for the undeformed one) and the Strehl ratios: 0.99, 0.98, 0.43 and 0.11, respectively (one for the undeformed mirror). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-oasys-workspace-showing-the-simulation-for-the-1zxaochg.png Fig. 3. OASYS workspace showing the simulation for the beamline with no deformation in M1. The intensity profile of the beam are superposed at different positions, with FWHM of 819 µm at M1, 1,631 µm at M3 and 3.82 µm at the focal position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-2d-intensity-at-the-image-position-exit-slit-plane-sv50iwrj.png Fig. 8. 2D intensity at the image position (exit slit plane) obtained for the worst deformation case (vertical polarization and water cooled M1) a) uncorrected image. b) corrected image by using M3 AXO. These images have been obtained combining the vertical profile (Fig. 7)) with the uncorrected and corrected horizontal profiles (Figs. 3 and 4, respectively.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variation-of-the-strehl-ratio-at-e-230-888-ev-as-a-3rgd33ky.png Fig. 5. Variation of the Strehl ratio at E=230.888 eV as a function of the deformation radius of curvature in M1 for a) convex curvature (bump) and b) concave curvature (anti-bump). Deformation is compensated with the corrective profiles in M3 expressed as a function of AXO basis for two cases: crop the profile to the AXO dimension (case A) and extrapolate the profile outside the AXO mirror (case B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-vls-profile-used-for-the-simulations-fragment-the-iqmfuyzi.png Fig. 7. a) VLS profile used for the simulations (fragment). The total VLS grating length is 150 mm and contains 5 105 points. b) Intensity profile at the image position (exit slit) produced by the VLS grating. https://scispace.com/papers/competition-and-microfinance-2407ujs3a6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-pi-figure-1b-npi-16fzullv.png Figure 1a: Pi ∈ Figure 1b: NPi ~∈ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2hkmubu5.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-in-microenterprise-lending-nicaragua-2ilim02c.png Table 1: Growth in Microenterprise lending, Nicaragua https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-yd12yk65.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-37hhma6c.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-imnhjyi1.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/papers/competition-reform-and-household-welfare-a-microsimulation-2z5j641v2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-welfare-effects-loss-of-ethio-telecom-monopoly-34034xpo.png Table 4. Welfare Effects, Loss of Ethio Telecom Monopoly, Current Users https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-poverty-and-inequality-effects-loss-of-ethio-telecom-2krgzgly.png Table 3. Poverty and Inequality Effects, Loss of Ethio Telecom Monopoly, Current Users https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-incidence-of-greater-competition-mobile-3ibjf9e9.png Figure 4. Relative Incidence of Greater Competition, Mobile Services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-mobile-cellular-price-basket-low-usage-70-1l9cx9pp.png Figure 2.1. The Mobile-Cellular Price Basket, Low Usage (70 Minutes + 20 SMS), 2008–19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-household-expenditures-on-ict-services-by-1vhm1m1j.png Table 1. Household Expenditures on ICT Services, by Consumption Decile, 2015/16, % https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-price-changes-after-diluting-the-market-share-of-the-9om5vy80.png Table 2. Price Changes after Diluting the Market Share of the ICT Monopoly https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-welfare-effects-loss-of-ethio-telecom-monopoly-new-unjkid9a.png Table 6. Welfare Effects, Loss of Ethio Telecom Monopoly, New Users https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-welfare-gains-of-greater-competition-in-3phuyrj2.png Figure 3. Relative Welfare Gains of Greater Competition in Telecommunication, New Users https://scispace.com/papers/competition-and-profitability-in-the-chinese-banking-3j8wow0cnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-insolvency-risk-stability-inefficiency-in-the-3ej6hb1h.png Figure 3 Insolvency risk (stability inefficiency) in the Chinese banking industry: 2003- 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-of-all-variables-considered-n0j1y4s8.png Table 4 Descriptive statistics of all variables considered in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-empirical-results-the-impact-of-competition-on-bank-11shf6bc.png Table 8 Empirical results: The impact of competition on bank profitability (loan market) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-empirical-results-the-impact-of-competition-on-bank-2fzghfip.png Table 10 Empirical results: The impact of competition on bank profitability (non-interest income market) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-1f6aznto.png Table 5 Summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-shows-the-results-with-regard-to-the-impact-of-18461220.png Table 7 shows the results with regard to the impact of competition in different banking markets on bank profitability in China. The F statistic shows that the variables in the model are jointly significant while the Sargan test statistic shows that there are no over-identified restrictions. The results further indicate that the first-order autocorrelation is present for all the cases while the second-order autocorrelation is rejected, which guarantees the consistency of the results. The finding shows that the lag of the dependent variable (both ROA and NIM) are significant and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-competitive-condition-in-different-banking-markets-2us0zzj8.png Figure 2 Competitive condition in different banking markets in China over 2003-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-assets-of-socbs-jscbs-ccbs-and-total-13613c0y.png Table 1 Summary of the assets of SOCBs, JSCBs, CCBs and total banking institutions in China over the period 2003-2013 https://scispace.com/papers/competing-electronic-instabilities-in-the-quadruple-mvo0gw2mh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-r3-crystal-structure-parameters-of-pbmn7o12-refined-2dprd2su.png TABLE I. R3̄ crystal structure parameters of PbMn7O12 refined at 300, 160, 100, and 20 K. Below TOO1, these parameters correspond to the average, unmodulated structure. Atomic Wyckoff positions are as follows. Pb: 3a [0, 0, 0], Mn1: 9e [ 12 , 0, 0], Mn2: 9d [ 1 2 , 0, 1 2 ], Mn3: 3b [0, 0, 12 ], O1 and O2: 18 f [x, y, z]. Uiso is given in units of Å2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-a-maximum-values-of-the-d3x2-1mcrxroz.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of (a) maximum values of the d3x2−r2 and d3y2−r2 normalized orbital polarization, (b) the Pb polarization averaged over x4, and (c) the magnetic propagation vectors reproduced from Ref. [19] plotted alongside ks/2. All values were determined from data measured on cooling. The inset to (c) highlights k1− magnetic diffraction peaks measured at 1.5 (left) and 50 K (right, marked by a black arrow), also reproduced from Ref. [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-quasicommensurate-crystal-structure-of-pbmn7o12-3vw15d6a.png FIG. 5. The quasicommensurate crystal structure of PbMn7O12 drawn in the commensurate limit, in which the Pb lone-pair instability is maximally stabilized (see text). (a) The layer of atoms centered around z = 1/2, (b) 3D view of PbO12 coordinations. Pb, Mn1, Mn2, Mn3, and O atoms are drawn as gray, blue, green, yellow, and red spheres, respectively. JT active Mn2 octahedra are shaded gray. Short Pb-O bonds are highlighted in bold, and the commensurate unit cell is drawn as fine black lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-modulation-amplitudes-in-units-a-and-refinement-bvva6gzt.png TABLE II. Modulation amplitudes (in units Å) and refinement reliability parameters for the R3̄(00γ )0 crystal structure of PbMn7O12 at 160, 100, and 20 K. Amplitudes that are zero by symmetry are not tabulated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-c-averaged-mn2-o-bond-length-pairs-and-d-f-pb-o-bond-3ffs9r3m.png FIG. 3. (a)–(c) Averaged Mn2-O bond length pairs and (d)–(f) Pb-O bond lengths, plotted as a function of x4, calculated from the modulated structures refined at 20, 100, and 160 K, respectively. Six symmetry equivalent Pb-O1 (black) and Pb-O2 (red) bonds form the 12-fold oxygen coordination. The modulation origins are set to the Mn2 and Pb positions given in Table I. x, y, and z define a local coordinate system with z ∼ ||c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-dependence-of-a-the-square-root-of-the-2etfdb09.png FIG. 1. Temperature dependence of (a) the square root of the superimposed (5, 6̄, 2) − ks and (6, 5̄, 2) − ks integrated satellite intensities, (b) the z component of ks, (c) the a lattice parameter, (d) the c lattice parameter, and (e) the unit cell volume. Values refined on cooling and warming are shown as blue circles and red diamonds, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synchrotron-x-ray-powder-diffraction-data-red-circles-11l6oyci.png FIG. 2. Synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction data (red circles) measured at (a) 160 K, (b) 100 K, and (c) 20 K. Fits of superspace structural models are shown as black lines, and the differences between Iobs and Icalc are given as blue lines. From top to bottom, the black tick marks show peak positions from the average PbMn7O12 structure, and the α-Mn2O3 and Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 impurities. The positions of incommensurate satellites originating in the structural modulation of PbMn7O12 are indicated by green tick marks, and highlighted in the insets by black arrows. The asterisk in the inset to (a) denotes the superimposed (5, 6̄, 2) − ks and (6, 5̄, 2) − ks peaks. https://scispace.com/papers/compiler-directed-energy-reduction-using-dynamic-voltage-4e5jmkr8se 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-a-code-fragment-and-b-its-ldg-14foqv2c.png Fig. 5. (a) A code fragment and (b) its LDG. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-default-simulation-configuration-2c1ssnf9.png TABLE 1 Default Simulation Configuration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-processor-characteristics-with-different-voltage-8ev1rzj1.png TABLE 2 Processor Characteristics with Different Voltage Levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-our-applications-zouswmaq.png TABLE 3 Our Applications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-load-imbalance-across-eight-processors-for-the-first-1uulxev9.png Fig. 1. Load imbalance across eight processors for the first five loop nests of some of our multimedia applications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-breakdown-of-the-load-imbalances-in-our-applications-1z7l5s7v.png Fig. 2. Breakdown of the load imbalances in our applications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-data-parallelization-of-a-loop-nest-12mizstw.png Fig. 4. Data parallelization of a loop nest. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-voltage-island-based-architecture-with-2a9o1u2j.png Fig. 3. An example voltage island based architecture, with three islands. We assume that there exists a large off-chip memory, shared by all processors. https://scispace.com/papers/completeness-of-social-and-behavioral-determinants-of-health-3ewor9zaw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-of-the-study-cohort-1wnqdu79.png Table 2 Demographics of the study cohort https://scispace.com/papers/complements-versus-substitutes-and-trends-in-fertility-4n8275ki0h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-annual-data-used-for-the-time-series-experiment-in-1tm60cur.png Table A.4: Annual Data Used for the Time Series Experiment in Section 6, U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cbrs-as-a-function-of-g-for-different-values-of-s-2zv31e30.png Figure 4: CBRs as a function of γ for different values of σ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cbr-and-cbrs-as-a-function-of-pcy-for-different-39k2brxj.png Figure 5: CBR and CBRs as a function of πcy for different values of σ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cbrs-as-a-function-of-ewl-for-different-values-of-s-rv5ts7v1.png Figure 6: CBRs as a function of EWL for different values of σ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-u-s-experience-from-1800-to-1990-annual-2cgr60bl.png Figure 8: The U.S. experience from 1800 to 1990, annual population growth rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-changing-expected-lifetime-el-3izx6ez6.png Table A.3: Changing expected lifetime (EL) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-completed-fertility-model-vs-data-1850-to-2000-1w1pdm59.png Figure 11: Completed Fertility Model vs. Data: 1850 to 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-annual-data-used-for-the-time-series-experiment-in-ldo1cbco.png Table A.5: Annual Data Used for the Time Series Experiment in Section A.4, U.K. https://scispace.com/papers/compliance-with-south-africa-s-antimicrobial-resistance-3sdjepk9or 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-community-health-centres-compliance-with-the-1o8qua7s.png Figure 3. Community health centres’ compliance with the Framework (n = 9) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determining-the-denominator-per-question-and-overall-2nchtys4.png Table 2. Determining the denominator per question and overall https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determining-the-denominator-per-facility-type-2mo1mmis.png Table 3. Determining the denominator per facility type https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-awareness-of-antimicrobial-resistance-the-framework-perrsmmu.png Table 4. Awareness of antimicrobial resistance, the Framework, and perceived compliance 1 with the Framework 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-national-central-hospitals-compliance-with-the-2llvvtf1.png Figure 1. National central hospitals’ compliance with the Framework (n = 8) 6 7 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-public-healthcare-facilities-in-south-africa-and-the-2dxikjix.png Table 1. Public healthcare facilities in South Africa and the level of service provided35 https://scispace.com/papers/complicated-procedures-made-easy-gui-42piubl2z8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-in-automatic-mode-almost-all-controls-are-inactive-in-2dcigmog.png Fig. 16. In Automatic mode, almost all controls are inactive in the “Estimate Plant Model” window: the user needs only to select the domain and press “Start.” The “auto” strings in the order windows mean that the best orders will be determined automatically. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-starting-graph-of-the-gui-of-the-frequency-domain-bdd0yxss.png Fig. 1. Starting graph of the GUI of the Frequency Domain System Identification Toolbox (FDIdent). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-help-menu-7pucmila.png Fig. 2. The Help menu. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-typical-plot-of-a-frequency-domain-data-object-3b3lzx1v.png Fig. 17. Typical plot of a frequency domain data object. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-segmentation-window-3e5eplt3.png Fig. 4. The Segmentation window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-segmentation-22jbmgl2.png Fig. 5. Illustration of segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-read-measure-time-domain-data-window-fig-6-xth2kgt3.png Fig. 3. The Read/Measure Time Domain Data window. Fig. 6. Variance Analysis window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-computer-aided-model-selection-window-aymsbzhr.png Fig. 7. Computer Aided Model Selection window. https://scispace.com/papers/complications-of-syndesmotic-screw-removal-4tphcri7lf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-removed-and-retained-syndesmotic-screws-25i87iwp.png Figure 1. Examples of removed and retained syndesmotic screws https://scispace.com/papers/component-tolerance-effect-on-ultra-wideband-low-noise-1z1f7oxwmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-printed-circuit-board-structure-3meczist.png Fig. 8. Printed circuit board structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-circuit-model-for-noise-matching-condition-analysis-11wcqrxg.png Fig. 2. Circuit model for noise matching condition analysis with dual-section input matching network and transistor equivalent noise impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-input-matching-network-impedance-transformation-model-gdd3cv1r.png Fig. 4. Input matching network impedance transformation model: (a) lumped and (b) distributed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multisection-uwb-lna-topologies-with-a-lumped-and-b-2gvai7rs.png Fig. 1. Multisection UWB LNA topologies with (a) lumped and (b) distributed matching networks. is the loaded -factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sensitivity-to-input-matching-network-component-1hkop2vk.png Fig. 5. sensitivity to input matching network component variations. (a) Lumped components ( , ). (b) Distributed components ( https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-passive-component-parameters-c1br4bkm.png TABLE I PASSIVE COMPONENT PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-noise-figure-of-a-lumped-uwb-lna-design-and-nj6oevu7.png Fig. 6. Simulated noise figure of (a) lumped UWB LNA design, and (b) distributed UWB LNA design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-series-parallel-conversion-of-a-dual-section-input-15g8eu1q.png Fig. 3. Series-parallel conversion of a dual-section input matching network at . https://scispace.com/papers/composition-and-function-of-the-extracellular-matrix-in-the-4tm7afmefw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-formation-steps-of-collagen-2fz7jnef.png Table 1. The formation steps of collagen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-segmentation-process-on-a-neuroblastic-tumor-sample-2pk8q0z0.png Figure 8. Segmentation process on a neuroblastic tumor sample immunostained with CD31. A) Original image. B) Im‐ age after segmentation. Note that the big blood vessel with an interrupted staining of the endothelial cells surrounding the vascular lumen (asterisk) has been closed, thus providing morphometric measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-segmentation-process-on-a-kidney-tissue-a-original-3ftwjnyl.png Figure 7. Segmentation process on a kidney tissue. A) Original image. B) Image after segmentation. The reticulin fibers recognized by the algorithm are marked‐up in red. https://scispace.com/papers/composite-minimax-robust-optimization-of-vmat-improves-2ndqt2u1zr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-dosimetric-parameters-and-ntcp-values-of-18xyjwin.png Table 1: The average dosimetric parameters and NTCP values of the PTV-optimized and CMRO 361 treatment plans 362 Abbreviations: CI = conformity index; HI = homogeneity index; CMRO = Composite 363 minimax robust optimization; PCM = pharyngeal constrictor muscle; EAGD: estimated 364 actually given dose. The 95% confidence interval values are given between the brackets. *: 365 statistically significant difference between de PTV-plan and cmRO-plan, using the 366 Wilcoxon signed-rank test adjusted using Bonferonni’s correction for multiple testing. 367 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-workflow-to-1dm3o1g3.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the workflow to calculate the estimated actually given dose. 348 1: A deformable image registration is made for all 35 individual CBCTs to the planning CT. 2: The 349 external of the planning CT is warped towards each CBCTs, the part of the external that is outside 350 the CBCT’s field of view is overridden with a density of water. 3: The CBCTs are automatically 351 segmented based on their CT value into air, lung, adipose, soft tissue, cartilage/bone and other (i.e. 352 higher densities) to allow dose calculation. 4: The dose of the treatment plan is calculated on the 353 segmented CBCTs resulting in a daily dose distribution. When a treatment plan-adaptation is 354 considered, the first 15 fractions are calculated using the original treatment plan and the remaining 355 20 fractions using the adapted treatment plan. 5: All doses are deformed to the planning CT using 356 the registrations created in step 1. 6: The individual doses are summed resulting in the estimated 357 actually given dose distribution. 358 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-actually-given-dose-for-ptv-optimized-and-x1c4vwqf.png Figure 3: Estimated actually given dose for PTV optimized and robustly optimized VMAT treatment 382 plans (n=10). 383 Each scatter plot represents a different dose parameter. The x position of each data point 384 corresponds to its value of the PTV optimized plan and its y position to its value of the robustly 385 optimized plan. Therefore, data points below the diagonal indicate a lower value in the robustly 386 optimized plan than in the PTV optimized plan. Data points shown as circles represent the planned 387 nominal dose and diamond shapes represent the estimated actually given dose. 388 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-normal-tissue-complication-model-outcome-2ggsvejr.png Figure 4: Estimated normal tissue complication model outcome for PTV optimized and robustly 391 optimized VMAT treatment plans (n=10). 392 Each scatter plot represents a NTCP model. The x position of each data point corresponds to its value 393 of the PTV optimized plan and its y position to its value of the robustly optimized plan. Therefore, 394 data points below the diagonal indicate a lower value in the robustly optimized plan than in the PTV 395 optimized plan. Data points shown as circles represent the planned nominal dose and diamond 396 shapes represent the estimated actually given dose. 397 https://scispace.com/papers/compositional-methods-applied-to-capital-allocation-problems-53g4hi351v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cost-of-risk-based-capital-allocation-principles-to-3ayj0nmg.png Table 1: Cost of risk based capital allocation principles to allocate the aggregate risk and their relative counterparts https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-of-the-three-capital-allocation-principles-3myxvwgo.png Table 3: Average of the three capital allocation principles https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reward-to-risk-less-based-capital-allocation-353ulwoj.png Table 2: Reward to risk less based capital allocation principle to allocate the diversification benefits and their relative counterparts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplicial-distances-between-capital-allocation-3rz46ikp.png Figure 1: Simplicial distances between capital allocation principles. Solid lines represent the distances of principles against the neutral allocation principle (~0). Dotted lines represent the distances of principles against the gradient principle (∇). https://scispace.com/papers/compositional-synthesis-of-finite-abstractions-for-networks-3gf2az58qc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-state-trajectories-of-the-closed-loop-system-s-5yfb0me1.png Fig. 3. State trajectories of the closed-loop system Σ consisting of 1000 rooms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-control-comparison-of-errors-in-2-7-1lhucjqp.png Fig. 2. Temperature control: Comparison of errors in (2.7) resulted from our approach based on small-gain condition with those resulted from the approach proposed by Swikir et al. (2018) based on dissipativity-type condition for different values of n ≥ 3 and ηi . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fully-connected-network-comparison-of-errors-in-2-7-37awvknd.png Fig. 4. Fully connected network: Comparison of errors in (2.7) resulted from our approach based on small-gain condition with those resulted from the approach proposed by Swikir et al. (2018) based on dissipativity-type condition for different values of n ≥ 1 and ηi . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interconnection-of-three-control-subsystems-s1-s2-and-9z4d3379.png Fig. 1. Interconnection of three control subsystems Σ1 , Σ2 , and Σ2 with h13 = h31 = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/compost-from-municipal-solid-wastes-as-a-source-of-biochar-10kby1ez5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-burn-off-during-the-preparation-of-the-prepared-3geoyzsv.png Table 4. Burn-off during the preparation of the prepared samples and textural properties of materials determined from BET and t-plot methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-integrated-management-of-environment-ime-by-co2-huv3bwjd.png Figure 1. Integrated management of environment (IME) by CO2 capture using materials developed from the municipal solid wastes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-breakthrough-curves-of-adsorption-measurements-of-tmzs6e8e.png Figure 5. Breakthrough curves of adsorption measurements of CO2 at 40 C of (a) CMSW-400, (b) CMSW-800, (c) CMSW-S, (d) CMSW-800-S, (e) CMSW-S-800. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scheme-of-activation-procedure-of-the-different-2co2a1n5.png Figure 3. Scheme of activation procedure of the different proposed samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-of-the-digestive-process-to-obtain-biogas-23yxeiuz.png Figure 2. Scheme of the digestive process to obtain biogas and prepare compost. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-between-the-adsorption-capacities-of-11xjt107.png Table 6. Comparison between the adsorption capacities of recent proposed adsorbents for CO2 capture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-experimental-equilibrium-data-symbols-and-fitted-1bu4c2sf.png Figure 6. (a) Experimental equilibrium data (symbols) and fitted Langmuir isotherm (lines) for CO2 adsorption at 40 C; (b) comparison between CO2 uptake capacity (mmol g –1) of investigated adsorbents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specific-properties-and-operating-conditions-of-35cxvr14.png Table 2. Specific properties and operating conditions of breakthrough apparatus. https://scispace.com/papers/compositional-verification-of-hybrid-systems-with-discrete-3w92sh1ruo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-linear-hybrid-automaton-models-1k2z8ve8.png Fig. 1. Linear hybrid automaton models https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fischers-mutual-exclusion-protocol-for-4-processes-2pocavbt.png TABLE I FISCHER’S MUTUAL EXCLUSION PROTOCOL FOR 4 PROCESSES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-algorithm-for-checking-assume-guarantee-simulation-10ko2amg.png Fig. 4. Algorithm for checking assume-guarantee simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-semi-algorithm-for-computing-a-simulation-relation-933pj9j0.png Fig. 3. Semi-Algorithm for computing a simulation relation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-specification-models-35ac7eml.png Fig. 2. Specification models https://scispace.com/papers/comprehensive-safety-evaluation-of-the-chemicals-with-human-2vcx6di3ry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-figure-2-percentage-of-putatively-unsafe-compounds-2534jl4j.png Figure 2. Figure 2: percentage of putatively unsafe compounds in the ”chemical universe” (here intended as the SIGMA Aldrich database, considering only highly reliable predictions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-figure-1-percentage-of-putatively-unsafe-compounds-680qw3ra.png Figure 1. Figure 1: Percentage of putatively unsafe compounds in each chemical category. Significance is calculated by comparing the % of putatively safe and unsafe compounds for a given category of chemical to the % of putatively safe and unsafe compounds in the SIGMA catalog. Legend: * = chi square p-value < 0.05, ** = p-value < 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/compounding-structure-and-dielectric-properties-of-silica-3qfftgc7rh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-silica-dispersion-in-a-4-5-wt-silica-pp-cast-film-ii2tbbbf.png Fig. 1. Silica dispersion in a 4.5 wt-% silica-PP cast film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-space-charge-density-profiles-of-selected-pp-silica-3k4r87m2.png Fig. 2. Space charge density profiles of selected PP-silica cast films at 60 °C: a) unfilled reference, b) 1.0 wt-% silica-PP (diluted from 4.5 wt-% masterbatch by compounding, c) 4.5 wt-% silica-PP. Polarization field (50 V/µm) was switched off at 10800 s. Accumulation of positive space charge is observed in a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-isothermal-a-charging-current-at-100-degc-100-v-um-245qzfdg.png Fig. 5. Isothermal a) charging current at 100 °C, 100 V/µm (expressed as volumetric conductivity) and b) discharge current at 100 °C of the biaxially stretched films. The inset in b) shows the trap level vs. density distribution derived from the IDC characteristics (from ~20 s to 6 h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thermally-stimulated-depolarization-current-spectra-of-3mnn8jnx.png Fig. 4. Thermally stimulated depolarization current spectra of the biaxially stretched thin silica-PP films. The inset shows the trap level vs. density distributions in the shallow trap region (from −50 to +85 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-permittivity-real-part-and-dielectric-loss-f9hgw0nb.png Fig. 3. Relative permittivity (real part) and dielectric loss (tan δ) characteristics of the biaxially stretched thin films as a function of temperature (1 kHz). https://scispace.com/papers/compressive-light-field-sensing-4548skni4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-our-prototype-camera-where-an-lcd-array-is-mounted-98zdjbdn.png Fig. 2. (a) Our prototype camera where an LCD array is mounted to the lens of a digital camera. (b) LCD array showing an example mask combination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-detailed-parts-from-fig-8-a-reconstruction-results-27ye2sne.png Fig. 9. Detailed parts from Fig. 8. (a) Reconstruction results using linear Hadamard inversion from 35 images. Reconstruction results using the proposed scheme from (b) 10, (c) 15, and (d) 20 acquired images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-principle-of-utilizing-a-coded-aperture-to-7vdb9u63.png Fig. 1. Basic principle of utilizing a coded aperture to obtain light field images. (a)–(c) The angular images when only corner blocks of the aperture are left open. Both horizontal and vertical parallax can be observed between these images (horizontal and vertical dashed lines are shown to denote the vertical and horizontal parallax, respectively). (d) Captured image with the randomly coded aperture used in the proposed compressive sensing light field camera. All images are from a synthetic light field image (see Section VII). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-measurements-versus-relative-reconstruction-2svq3pa9.png Fig. 4. Number of measurements versus relative reconstruction error (averaged over 20 runs) at two different noise levels (a) with uniform and (b) with scrambled Hadamard measurement matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reconstruction-examples-with-uniform-matrices-a-1z0p80ar.png Fig. 3. Reconstruction examples with uniform matrices. (a) Original angular image. Reconstructed images from (b) and (e) 9 measurements, (c) and (f) 13 measurements, and (d) and (g) 17 measurements. (b)–(d) Low-noise case. (e)–(g) High-noise case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstruction-examples-with-scrambled-hadamard-2yz8k5t9.png Fig. 5. Reconstruction examples with scrambled Hadamard matrices. (a) Original angular image. Reconstructed images from (b) and (e) 9 measurements, (c) and (f) 13 measurements, and (d) and (g) 17 measurements. (b)–(d) Low-noise case. (e)–(g) High-noise case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reconstruction-results-from-a-real-dataset-a-three-of-30gkdvp2.png Fig. 8. Reconstruction results from a real dataset. (a) Three of the acquired images. (b) Reconstructed images using linear Hadamard inversion from 35 images. Reconstructed images using the proposed scheme from (c) 10, (d) 15, and (e) 20 acquired images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nine-angular-images-from-the-light-field-reconstructed-3t2e47ss.png Fig. 6. Nine angular images from the light field reconstructed with 13 uniform measurements and σ 2 = 10−3. The displayed images are smaller compared to the original images. https://scispace.com/papers/computation-of-covalent-and-noncovalent-structural-3v6kjo8g16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-signed-bond-length-deviations-a-computed-over-a-2gon0x74.png Figure 4: Signed bond length deviations (Å) computed over a selection density functionals and basis sets versus the (top) H-bond CCSD(T) equilibrium reference distance of the formamide dimer,39 (middle) mixed electrostatics/dispersion CCSD(T)/CBS reference distance of T-shaped ethyne aggregate,42 and (down) dispersion-dominated stacking CCSD(T)/CBS reference distance of the methane–methane aggregate.42 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-of-the-cpu-time-spent-to-achieve-the-red-self-6f8t3y8g.png Figure 5: Ratio of the CPU time spent to achieve the (red) self-consistent field (SCF) convergence, (blue) PT2, (orange) coupled-perturbated Kohn-Sham (CPKS) and (green) nuclear gradient computations, with a given basis set with respect to the DH-SVPD basis set on the methane dimer example. The computations are performed on Intel Xeon CPUs (E5-2690 v3 @2.60GHz) using 8 processors in shared memory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-from-left-to-right-molecular-structures-and-3t7rg5zn.png Figure 1: From left to right, molecular structures and reference bond lengths (Å) of the formamide dimer,39, and the T-shaped ethyne and methane–methane aggregates.42 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-mean-absolute-deviations-a-computed-with-the-d8p5ljk1.png Figure 2: (left) Mean absolute deviations (Å) computed with the PBE-QIDH double hybrid and different basis sets taking as reference the 53 (164) CCSD(T) (B3LYP) equilibrium bond length references gathered into the CCse (B3se) databases.40,41 (right) Absolute bond length deviations (Å) computed with the PBE-QIDH double hybrid and a selection of basis sets versus the r(O · · ·Hcis) H-bond CCSD(T) equilibrium reference parameter of the formamide dimer,39 the r(π · · ·H) mixed electrostatics/dispersion CCSD(T)/CBS reference parameter of T-shaped ethyne aggregate,42 and the r(C · · ·C) dispersion-dominated stacking CCSD(T)/CBS reference parameter of the methane–methane aggregate.42 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-signed-deviations-a-computed-over-a-selection-h0k4qn9q.png Figure 3: Mean signed deviations (Å) computed over a selection density functionals and basis sets versus the 53 CCSD(T) equilibrium bond length references gathered into the CCse database.40,41 https://scispace.com/papers/computation-of-the-effect-of-pipe-plasticity-on-pressure-8jx20g7jzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-finite-difference-grid-and-local-characteristics-3sqpp0z5.png Fig. 3. Finite-difference Grid and Local Characteristics Passing through Point P. ANL, Neg. No. 113-5882. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pressure-history-at-location-1-in-pulse-gun-anl-neg-no-81wwlvjs.png Fig. 5. Pressure History at Location 1 in Pulse Gun. ANL Neg. No. 113-5883. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-plwv-computations-with-sri-experiment-js1g9nh0.png Fig. 7. Comparison of PLWV Computations with SRI Experiment; Location-1 Pulse Used https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-2vna1245.png Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/papers/computational-algorithm-for-dynamic-hybrid-bayesian-network-54yl1hobkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-7-hci-bn-1y3z7iw3.png Figure 8-7: HCI BN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3-quadcopter-bn-model-397lfsmr.png Figure 8-3: Quadcopter BN model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-5-internal-sensor-data-6n54sg0s.png Table 8-5: Internal sensor data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-bn-of-components-with-common-factor-337q8o0c.png Figure 4-8: BN of components with common factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-9-fatigue-bn-1vufdqcr.png Figure 8-9: Fatigue BN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-pre-computation-process-r0x2j9ga.png Figure 4-1: Pre-computation process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-example-of-different-degradation-trajectories-of-16cih9rr.png Figure 3-7: Example of different degradation trajectories of 𝐶. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-typical-exponential-degradation-function-l8g9lzn6.png Figure 3-3: Typical exponential degradation function. https://scispace.com/papers/computational-approaches-and-data-analytics-in-financial-mh27m4cj5x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-studies-about-applications-of-analytical-1pqq9s4m.png Table 4. Summary of studies about applications of analytical and computational models in various areas of financial decision making https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indicative-list-of-recent-studies-on-lgd-modeling-1sd2j7yn.png Table 3. Indicative list of recent studies on LGD modeling https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-on-the-use-of-analytical-methodologies-for-3k0r951e.png Table 1. Studies on the use of analytical methodologies for asset selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-studies-using-computational-approaches-for-asset-10n37uuw.png Table 2. Studies using computational approaches for asset trading https://scispace.com/papers/computational-model-to-evaluate-port-wine-stain-depth-2hgo2da8ou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fluence-profiles-at-585-and-600-nm-the-ms-epi5200-cm-xcxlazsz.png Fig. 4 Fluence profiles at 585 and 600 nm. The ms,epi5200 cm 21 was used in the calculation. The fluence was considerably higher at 600 nm due to the substantially lower blood absorption coefficient, resulting in a higher quantity of backscattered and deeply penetrating light. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-computed-initial-temperature-profiles-at-2ssk3eba.png Fig. 3 Comparison of computed initial temperature profiles at 585 nm using two different sets of epidermal optical properties: ma 513 cm21, ms5200 cm 21 (solid line); and ma59 cm 21, ms 5500 cm21 (dashed line). Epidermal profiles differed slightly, but PWS profiles were nearly identical in shape and amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-computed-initial-temperature-profiles-at-the-end-of-2pzzpu2b.png Fig. 5 (a) Computed initial temperature profiles at the end of 1.5 ms laser pulses at 585 and 600 nm. (b) PPTR signals computed for incident 585 and 600 nm laser pulses. The FD model was used to calculate heat transfer dynamics with the initial temperature profiles in (a) used as input. Assumed signal-to-noise ratio was set to 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-a-swe-and-b-dwe-pptr-reconstructed-2ytjxx1y.png Fig. 6 Comparison of (a) SWE- and (b) DWE-PPTR reconstructed profiles with the actual 585 nm initial temperature profile. In (a), DS585(t) was used as input, and ‘‘Actual’’ represents the actual initial profile and ‘‘Reconstructed’’ the profile reconstructed by applying the conjugate gradient algorithm to the SWE-PPTR signal. In (b), both signals from Fig. 5 were used as input. The actual 585 nm initial temperature profile (Actual) is shown in gray. X(z) and Y(z) represent profiles reconstructed from signal components x(t) and y(t), respectively. Error bars represent standard deviations of five iterative solutions. DWE parameters: a=0.47, b=1.07. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-the-optical-thermal-modeling-technique-28nombsp.png Fig. 1 Flow chart of the optical-thermal modeling technique using a biopsy-defined PWS skin geometry. Rectangles represent input or output, and ellipses represent data processing steps. Histology sections were first converted from 2-D cross-sectional slices to 1-D absorption profiles. A Monte Carlo model was applied to simulate light transport and energy deposition in each section. This procedure was repeated for each of the 42 histology sections used in this study. The 42 light distributions were converted to a corresponding number of initial temperature profiles immediately after pulsed laser irradiation. An average heat source profile was calculated and used as input in an explicit finite difference model to simulate ensuing heat transfer dynamics and compute a PPTR signal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-pws-skin-characteristics-extracted-1r35gujc.png Table 4 Comparison of PWS skin characteristics extracted from the actual initial temperature profile at 585 nm [Fig. 3(a)] with those from SWE- and DWE-PPTR reconstructed profiles (Fig. 4). Definitions of each characteristic are provided in Sec. 2.6. Uncertainties reported for actual values are due to the 2 mm axial resolution used in the models. Uncertainties listed for depth values extracted from reconstructed profiles are minimum values due solely to the ;16 mm distance between adjacent grid points in the profiles. Uncertainties presented for DTepi,max are standard deviations of five near-optimal solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tissue-absorption-coefficients-ma-used-in-the-monte-1l14o6va.png Table 1 Tissue absorption coefficients ma used in the Monte Carlo optical model, for 585 and 600 nm light. Blood ma values represent 75% oxygen saturation (see Ref. 29). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-blood-vessel-diameters-davg-blood-fractions-25c3rz7b.png Table 2 Mean blood vessel diameters davg , blood fractions fbld , and absorption coefficient (ma) values at 585 and 600 nm for additional skin layers used to increase model geometry depth. Initial depth of the most superficial additional skin layer (e.g., 0.450 mm) was adjusted accordingly to correspond to the bottom of each 2-D biopsy-defined slice. https://scispace.com/papers/computational-methods-for-verification-of-stochastic-hybrid-3gjyfpozdr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-room-heater-benchmark-safe-states-for-q-110-t-3sygh4ad.png Fig. 5. Room heater benchmark safe states for q = [110]T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-value-function-for-the-navigation-benchmark-2lpwsqmo.png Fig. 3. Value function for the navigation benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-navigation-benchmark-3blfx39g.png Fig. 2. Navigation benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-reachability-and-b-safety-1jva20z9.png Fig. 1. (a) Reachability and (b) safety. https://scispace.com/papers/computational-study-of-the-threshold-energy-for-the-1-2-1q6enbsum4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-threshold-energy-barriers-for-halogen-f-cl-br-uioiyy4w.png Table 2. Threshold energy barriers for halogen (F, Cl, Br) interchanges (kJ/mol) with various 285 groups calculated at the B3PW91/6-311+G(2d,p) level of theory and basis set. E0 is arranged in 286 ascending order based on F systems. 287 288 https://scispace.com/papers/computational-modeling-of-diesel-spray-combustion-with-3net7ttus0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-generation-of-chemistry-table-used-for-tabulated-2pelokb7.png Figure 4. Generation of chemistry table used for tabulated flamelet progress variable model (TFPV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-between-formaldehyde-plif-results-from-2t83kpg3.png Figure 14. Comparison between formaldehyde PLIF results from experiments [46] and planar contours predicted by TFPV and RIF at an ambient of 900 K. Two solid white lines represent border of the spray and stoichiometric mixture fraction. The planar contours are split into two parts: 𝐶𝐻2𝑂 (upper half) and represents the 𝐶2𝐻2 (lower half). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-plots-from-a-experiments-and-simulations-using-b-2131ekvv.png Figure 21. 𝐼 − 𝑥 − 𝑡 plots from (a) experiments and simulations using (b) 𝑘 − 𝜀 and TFPV models; (b) 𝑘 − 𝜔 SST and TFPV models; (c) 𝑘 − 𝜀 and RIF models; (d) 𝑘 − 𝜔 SST and RIF models. White contours represent 0.015 < 𝐼 < 0.025 from experiments, and various features are indicated in (a). Combustion recession is shown in the white circle; ignition delays of 1st and 2nd injection and lift-off lengths are identified by dashed green and solid yellow lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-section-of-the-computational-domain-for-the-n389joyz.png Figure 5. Cross-section of the computational domain for the 𝑘 − 𝜀 model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-measured-and-computed-liquid-and-vapor-penetration-2zv6ki1b.png Figure 6. Measured and computed liquid and vapor penetration for nonreacting Spray A baseline case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-measured-and-computed-vapor-penetration-for-three-1y3f5yyz.png Figure 7. Measured and computed vapor penetration for three different ambient conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-between-experimental-46-and-computed-nbtabyb2.png Figure 13. Comparison between experimental [46] and computed apparent heat release rate for an 800-K ambient temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computed-ignition-delay-times-from-rif-and-tfpv-fyw3lrw8.png Table 3. Computed ignition delay times from RIF and TFPV. https://scispace.com/papers/computer-aided-design-and-loaded-tooth-contact-analyses-of-4k2u8lf457 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-continued-2q02u519.png Fig. 16. Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-continued-3twaihok.png Fig. 11. Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-defining-normal-stress-1xyhx9d9.png Fig. 10. Defining normal stress. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fe-mesh-1zq3twa0.png Fig. 8. FE mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-definition-of-displacement-vector-nmhhja6u.png Fig. 15. Definition of displacement vector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-load-normal-elastic-strain-diagram-7dg3hsge.png Fig. 14. Load normal elastic strain diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-angles-and-diameters-of-bevel-gear-27qqiuig.png Fig. 1. Angles and diameters of bevel gear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-definition-of-planing-angle-1gql8gtw.png Fig. 4. Definition of planing angle. https://scispace.com/papers/computer-generated-speaker-charisma-and-its-effects-on-human-kbi9x5ohrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-sonderborg-showing-place-of-departure-and-2cwcqclh.png Figure 1. Map of Sønderborg showing place of departure and destination of the test drive, as well as the ideal route (green) and the stepwise deviations from this route (1- 4) demanded by the navigation system. Edited screenshot of Google Maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-percentages-of-yes-agree-answers-for-the-4-yes-no-1bcg6gvc.png Figure 5. Percentages of yes/agree answers for the 4 yes-no questions of the concluding questionnaire in the SJ and MZ conditions (n=15). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-ratings-from-1-negative-to-7-positive-on-the-1nbx8vsj.png Figure 4. Mean ratings (from 1 =negative to 7=positive) on the Likert scales of the concluding questionnaire in the SJ and MZ conditions (n=15). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-acoustic-tone-of-voice-profiles-of-selected-psola-2ucxk1f1.png Table 1. Acoustic tone-of-voice profiles (of selected PSOLA-compatible parameters) of SJ and MZ, as determined in a speech-corpus analysis by Niebuhr et al. (2016b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-summary-of-test-drive-abort-continuation-zn7jgg4s.png Figure 3. Summary of test-drive abort/continuation percentages in the SJ and MZ conditions (n=15). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pictures-of-the-nissan-qashqai-used-for-the-1wdm2q10.png Figure 2.Pictures of the Nissan Qashqai used for the experimental test drive of all 30 participants. https://scispace.com/papers/computer-control-of-rf-manipulations-in-the-cern-antiproton-xzspwlw0aa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-other-functions-can-have-more-sequences-for-example-1k6cjcup.png Fig. 2. Other functions can have more sequences, for example the standard unstacking function has nine sequences, with two DHS sequences, followed by a TRP sequence, then three pairs of RAT followed by HOV sequences. https://scispace.com/papers/computerized-tomography-of-the-acute-left-upper-quadrant-43skho14fm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-radiologic-diagnoses-correctly-made-on-ct-192m0wno.png Table 1. Radiologic diagnoses correctly made on CT examination in patients with left upper quadrant pain. https://scispace.com/papers/computing-temporal-twins-in-time-logarithmic-in-history-3y9gdfpkx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-computation-time-of-mlei-algorithms-solving-the-twins-byfnjqld.png Fig. 8. Computation time of MLEI algorithms solving the ∆-twins listing problem in function of the number of edges in the link stream on the Enron datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-computation-time-of-mlei-and-mei-algorithms-solving-3mcwcw10.png Fig. 7. Computation time of MLEI and MEI algorithms solving the ∆-twins listing problem in function of the number of edges in the link stream on the Rollernet datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-this-tree-represents-the-same-time-partitioning-as-the-kund0wb4.png Fig. 4. This tree represents the same time partitioning as the one in Fig. 3 but is one level deeper and therefore requires more operations and a greater computation time to delete a new instant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representation-of-0-16-where-3-6-7-8-9-12-14-are-2evnwmr6.png Fig. 3. Representation of [0, 16] where 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14 are removed. The two leaves respectively represent time ranges preceding and following [6, 9]. All remaining intervals can be enumerated from the intervals in blue contained in the leaves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-overview-of-computation-time-of-all-experiments-svkqnob7.png Fig. 6. Overview of computation time of all experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-computation-time-of-mlei-algorithms-solving-the-twins-3sgtvhc4.png Fig. 9. Computation time of MLEI algorithms solving the ∆-twins listing problem in function of the number of edges in the link stream on the Lesfurets datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-computation-time-of-mlei-algorithms-solving-the-twins-1fxc276q.png Fig. 5. Computation time of MLEI algorithms solving the ∆-Twins listing problem in function of history length on the Timeprogression datasets. We do not have consistent results for MEI due to out of RAM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-this-link-stream-vertices-1-and-2-represented-by-2nl8esg6.png Fig. 1. In this link stream, vertices 1 and 2 (represented by rows with the corresponding identifiers) have exactly the same links to other vertices at every instants from 0 to 5 = τ − 1. They form a pair of eternal-twins. https://scispace.com/papers/computing-bivariate-splines-in-scattered-data-fitting-and-20oahse728 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spline-approximations-of-the-bvp-of-example-8-5-34xj3zy1.png Fig. 7. Spline approximations of the BVP of Example 8.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-franke-function-3pegn1jr.png Fig. 3. The Franke function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-least-squares-fits-of-f-from-s125-k-and-s-24-9-k-see-1xvrnru2.png Fig. 5. Least-squares fits of F from S1,25 (△k) and S 2,4 9 (△k), see Example 8.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-minimal-energy-fits-of-f-from-s125-k-see-example-8-2-2strw3kj.png Fig. 4. Minimal energy fits of F from S1,25 (△k), see Example 8.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-minimal-energy-fit-of-example-8-1-22m1fbcv.png Fig. 2. The minimal energy fit of Example 8.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-one-step-of-algorithm-9-1-2ctmnoaf.png Fig. 8. One step of Algorithm 9.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-minimal-determining-sets-for-s125-and-s-24-9-3eep0g1x.png Fig. 1. Minimal determining sets for S1,25 (△) and S 2,4 9 (△). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-penalized-least-squares-fits-of-f-with-l-01-005-001-0-81v6nzme.png Fig. 6. Penalized least-squares fits of F with λ = .01, .005, .001, 0. https://scispace.com/papers/computing-clusters-of-correlation-connected-objects-cqzaf2630d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-dimensional-correlation-planes-207s5wwy.png Figure 2: 2-Dimensional Correlation Planes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-symmetry-of-the-correlation-e-neighborhood-a-p-n-328gw48m.png Figure 4: Symmetry of the correlation ε-neighborhood: (a) P ∈ N M̂Qε (Q). (b) P 6∈ N M̂Q ε (Q). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-e-neighborhood-of-a-point-p-according-1xavlmpq.png Figure 3: Correlation ε-neighborhood of a point P according to (a) MP and (b) M̂P . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-three-correlation-connected-clusters-found-by-4c-1agcgwa5.png Figure 11: Three correlation connected clusters found by 4C on a 3-dimensional dataset. Parameters: ε = 2.5, µ = 8. δ = 0.1, λ = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-clusters-found-by-orclus-on-the-dataset-depicted-2j9zwzte.png Figure 12: Clusters found by ORCLUS on the dataset depicted in Figure 11. Parameters: k = 3, l = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-dimensional-correlation-lines-1zyfezz6.png Figure 1: 1-Dimensional Correlation Lines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-between-4c-and-dbscan-2ls3ynt0.png Figure 10: Comparison between 4C and DBSCAN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-clusters-found-by-4c-on-the-metabolome-dataset-2py6kfxy.png Figure 9: Clusters found by 4C on the metabolome dataset. Parameters: ε = 150.0, µ = 8, λ = 20, δ = 0.1. https://scispace.com/papers/computing-maximal-bisimulations-3pyriovyj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sbisim-timings-total-runtime-and-the-5-longest-pjq0b4qb.png Table 1: sbisim timings. Total runtime and the 5 longest invocations for each algorithm (not necessarily corresponding to the same inputs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-state-and-transition-counts-with-no-compression-2gx6loux.png Table 4: State and transition counts with no compression, dbisim, and sbdia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-timings-with-no-compression-dbisim-and-sbdia-j0u3psrl.png Table 5: Timings with no compression, dbisim, and sbdia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-constructed-lts-can-be-quadratically-larger-than-2wxhe7id.png Fig. 2: The constructed LTS can be quadratically larger than the input. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dbisim-wbisim-and-sbdia-timings-in-seconds-3972974n.png Table 3: dbisim, wbisim, and sbdia timings in seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sbisim-statistics-times-for-naive-iterative-1u8isupt.png Table 2: sbisim statistics. Times for Näıve Iterative Refinement, ChangeTracking Iterative Refinement, and the Paige-Tarjan algorithm in seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-r-has-the-same-initials-as-each-of-the-qi-but-is-in-a-1j3r500d.png Fig. 1: R′ has the same initials as each of the Qi , but is in a different equivalence class from them. An initial classification based on initials would therefore place them in the same equivalence class, but a future refinement would reclassify either R′ or all of the Qi , which would change the afters of R only or all of the b → Q(i), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/concentration-and-time-dependent-effects-of-isothiocyanates-1nerl1omke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-different-glucosinolates-and-concentrations-mmol-g-3pft9o79.png Table 2. Different glucosinolates and concentrations (μmol/g) in dry shoot tissue of Brassica juncea (cv. Pacific Gold) and Sinapis alba (cv. Architect) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-isothiocyanates-detected-from-140-mg-hydrated-14766ayl.png Table 1. Major isothiocyanates detected from 140 mg hydrated dried plant tissues of Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea and their chemical standard mixtures 1 µL each (S.alba-CS and B.juncea-CS). Samples were taken 0-10 min and 60-70 min after adding water, according to the highest peaks with 140 mg dried plant tissues of Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-volatile-compounds-ug-min-in-the-first-two-hours-2prrifkm.png Table 3. Volatile compounds (µg/min) in the first two hours after adding water in 1 g dry shoot tissue of Brassica juncea (cv. Pacific Gold) and Sinapis alba (cv. Architect) https://scispace.com/papers/computing-the-communication-costs-of-item-allocation-26m0x0qkiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-expected-information-transmitted-per-bidder-for-lkeewflj.png Figure 3: Expected information transmitted per bidder for varying numbers of bins with 60 bidders https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-highest-three-levels-of-a-dialogue-tree-for-2zibb4jn.png Figure 1: Highest three levels of a dialogue tree for Bisection auction with four bidders and sixteen bins https://scispace.com/papers/concentration-and-flux-based-dose-responses-of-isoprene-1cirofx3to 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-isoprene-emission-from-individual-leaves-as-a-wjpqnvkg.png Figure 3. Isoprene emission from individual leaves as a function of foliar total chlorophyll content across two poplar clones (‘546’ and ‘107’), two sampling times (August and September) and three leaf positions (upper, middle and lower leaves). The solid line represents the linear regression of both clones, as ANCOVA showed no differences in slope between the clones. Lower leaf position in August was measured for improving the linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-leaf-level-isoprene-emission-sd-of-two-poplar-2uu6l2mn.png Figure 2. Leaf-level isoprene emission (±SD) of two poplar clones (‘546’ and ‘107’) in relation to AOT40 (a), POD1 (b) and POD7 (c). ANCOVA shows the significance level of differences in slope between clones. As differences were not significant, one only solid line represents the linear regression of both clones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-ozone-cf-charcoal-filtered-air-nf-non-12wngcpd.png Figure 4. Effects of ozone (CF, charcoal filtered air; NF, non-filtered ambient air; NF + 20, NFwith additional of 20 ppb; NF + 40, NF with additional of 40 ppb; and NF + 60, NF with additional of 60 ppb), clone (‘546’ and ‘107’) and sampling time (August and September) on total leaf area per plant (a) and standardized plant-level isoprene emission (b). Values aremean ± SD, significant differences among bars within each variable were labelled by different letters (four-way ANOVA, Tukey test, P < 0.05, N = 3 OTCs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-daytime-o3-concentrations-aot40-pod1-and-147av4iz.png Table 1. Summary of daytime O3 concentrations, AOT40, POD1 and POD7 (±SD) for clone ‘546’ and ‘107’, from the beginning (June 26th) to the end of the experimental period (September 30th 2016). Values aremean ± SD. CF, charcoal filtered air, NF, non-filtered ambient air, NF + 20, NFwith addition of 20 ppb, NF + 40, NF with addition of 40 ppb and NF + 60, NF with addition of 60 ppb https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plant-level-isoprene-emission-sd-of-two-poplar-1in39af2.png Figure 5. Plant-level isoprene emission (±SD) of two poplar clones (‘546’ and ‘107’) in relation toAOT40 (a), POD1 (b) andPOD7 (c). The black and grey dotted lines represent linear regressions of clone ‘546’ and ‘107’, respectively, and are shown only when there was significant difference in the slope between the clones as tested by ANCOVA. Otherwise, a solid line represents the linear regression of both clones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-isoprene-emission-isorelative-of-two-k89igu2q.png Figure 6. Relative isoprene emission (Isorelative) of two poplar clones (‘546’ and ‘107’) in relation toAOT40 (a), POD1 (b) and POD7 (c). The black and grey dotted lines represent linear regressions of clone ‘546’ and ‘107’, respectively, and are shown only when there was significant difference in the slope between the clones as tested by ANCOVA. Otherwise, a solid line represents the linear regression of both clones. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-four-wayanova-results-p-values-for-the-effects-of-o3-2bian0t9.png Table 2. Four-wayANOVA results (P values) for the effects of O3 (CF, charcoal filtered air, NF, non-filtered ambient air, NF + 20, NFwith addition of 20 ppb, NF + 40, NFwith addition of 40 ppb andNF + 60, NFwith addition of 60 ppb), clone (‘546’ and ‘107’), leaf position (upper and middle) and sampling time (August and September) on isoprene emission at leaf level, total leaf area and isoprene emission at plant level. Statistically significant effects are marked in bold (P < 0.05, N = 3 OTCs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-ozone-cf-charcoal-filtered-air-nf-non-2q8uzas7.png Figure 1. Effects of ozone (CF, charcoal filtered air, NF, non-filtered ambient air, NF + 20, NFwith additional of 20 ppb; NF + 40, NFwith additional of 40 ppb; and NF + 60, NF with additional of 60 ppb), clone (‘546’ and ‘107’), leaf position (upper and middle) and sampling time (August and September) on standardized isoprene emission at leaf level. Values are mean ± SD, significant differences among bars within each variable were labelled by different letters (four-way ANOVA, Tukey test, P < 0.05, N = 3 OTCs). https://scispace.com/papers/concept-tree-based-clustering-visualization-with-shaded-5gpgpwzv8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-matrix-extracted-from-the-iris-data-set-f08mv6nv.png Table 1. Data matrix extracted from the Iris data set. Abbreviations: sl: sepal-length, sw: sepal-width, pl: petal-length, pw: petal-width. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-randomly-ordered-shaded-similarity-matrix-3olvrbgs.png Figure 1. LEFT: Randomly ordered shaded similarity matrix; RIGHT: Reordered shaded similarity matrix using a seriation algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-similarity-matrix-corresponding-to-table-1-2c5nt3ta.png Table 2. Similarity matrix corresponding to Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-concept-tree-on-the-iris-data-set-1gqtb9yj.png Figure 2. A concept tree on the Iris data set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-concepts-shown-in-fig-3-3dzrdn0c.png Table 4. Concepts shown in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-concept-tree-based-clustering-visualization-on-the-ttpg53n7.png Figure 3. Concept tree based clustering visualization on the Iris dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-concept-tree-construction-algorithm-2jmnpn1z.png Table 3. Concept tree construction algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/concrete-retrofitting-using-metakaolin-geopolymer-mortars-5d8cyxbks5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-compressive-strength-according-to-curing-days-for-2t8wikdq.png Fig. 6. Compressive strength according to curing days for geopolymeric mortar mixtures with several sodium hydroxide concentrations (12 M, 14 M, 16 M) and several sand/ binder mass ratios (30%; 60%, 90%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-compressive-strength-versus-h2o-na2o-atomic-ratio-xrtwitvh.png Fig. 7. Compressive strength versus H2O/Na2O atomic ratio according to curing days for geopolymeric mortars with several sand/binder mass ratio (30%; 60%, 90%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-flexural-strength-of-opc-concrete-beams-reinforced-19eb9mv8.png Fig. 11. Flexural strength of OPC concrete beams reinforced with geopolymeric mortars and CFRP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-showing-some-of-the-interrelationships-between-3kgfgspi.png Fig. 1. Diagram showing some of the interrelationships between technical and scientific aspects of geopolymer binder technology [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cfrp-strips-2v1am9na.png Fig. 3. CFRP strips. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-properties-of-commercial-pre-pack-mortars-mawj5m67.png Table 3 Properties of commercial pre-pack mortars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aggregate-gradation-lv3e72ua.png Fig. 2. Aggregate gradation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flexural-strength-according-to-curing-days-for-27zggz61.png Fig. 8. Flexural strength according to curing days for geopolymeric mortar mixtures with several sodium hydroxide concentrations (12 M, 14 M, 16 M) and several sand/ binder mass ratio (30%; 60%, 90%). https://scispace.com/papers/concert-hall-geometry-optimization-with-parametric-modeling-3t3vcjpeyj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-progress-of-the-optimization-in-the-case-of-a-1zprmv0l.png Figure 4. The progress of the optimization in the case of a complex 2-dimensional function. The panel on the left indicates the sampling points in the parametric space for 100 iterations, the center shows 400 iterations, and the right shows the underlying objective function. More samples are taken in the region of the objective function’s maximum, eliminating wasteful calculations of positions that are unlikely to be good results. In the geometry optimization case, the objective function is only known at sampled points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-optimization-software-setup-3d6x4eds.png Figure 1. The optimization software setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scores-for-each-sampled-geometry-represented-as-14h1dhpg.png Figure 5. Scores for each sampled geometry represented as spheres in the three dimensional parameter space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-geometries-corresponding-to-the-best-and-worst-2rcs1d5z.png Figure 6. Geometries corresponding to the best and worst scores for a single sound source. The eight best scores are indicated in progressively darker shades of green and the eight worst are in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-three-geometric-parameters-under-consideration-1fhdojhg.png Figure 2. The three geometric parameters under consideration. The same changes were symmetrically applied to both sides of the hall, at the under-balcony and balcony ceiling. Source and receiver positions are also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-geometries-corresponding-to-the-best-and-worst-3nut7qof.png Figure 8. Geometries corresponding to the best and worst scores for ten simultaneous sound sources. The eight best scores are indicted in progressively darker shades of green and the eight worst are in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scores-for-each-sampled-geometry-represented-as-3uvxdx48.png Figure 7. Scores for each sampled geometry represented as spheres in the three dimensional parameter space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-results-of-the-fdtd-simulation-at-20-ms-for-a-8n9z7ta9.png Figure 3. The results of the FDTD simulation at 20 ms, for a low scoring geometry (Left) and a high scoring geometry (Right). The sound field is shown for a single sound source. In the lower right of the right geometry, one can see a second pair of reflections following the sidewall reflections that are not present in the left geometry. https://scispace.com/papers/conditional-cash-transfers-do-they-change-time-preferences-e4l9bbu1nz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-preference-choices-22e1lh45.png Table 1: Time Preference Choices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-is-there-any-evidence-of-manipulability-of-program-iq6xnevq.png Table 2: Is there any evidence of manipulability of program eligibility? https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-discontinuities-in-baseline-covariates-around-the-2pex3tcb.png Table 3: Discontinuities in Baseline Covariates around the Poverty Score Cut-off https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-program-participation-on-time-preferences-2j25jh2w.png Table 4: Effect of Program Participation on Time Preferences and Educational Aspirations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-the-poverty-index-around-the-cut-29opgvti.png Figure 3: Distribution of the poverty index around the cut-off score https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-of-program-participation-by-poverty-160mlgxl.png Figure 2: Probability of program participation by poverty score https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-outcome-variables-jbpeud0l.png Figure 1: Histogram of outcome variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-participation-on-time-preferences-for-1gaoeftt.png Table 5: Effect of Participation on Time Preferences for Current and Past Recipient Households https://scispace.com/papers/condition-assessment-and-rehabilitation-of-large-sewers-4penc8rx6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-service-defect-codes-and-weights-37dzbe08.png Table 2. Service defect codes and weights https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-structural-condition-rating-threshold-1dr7bbl6.png Table 6. Structural condition rating threshold https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-conversion-table-for-the-defect-codes-1hk0mtis.png Table 4. Conversion table for the defect codes https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-pinecrest-collector-condition-assessment-summary-1n2pca8e.png Table 13. Pinecrest Collector condition assessment summary https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-service-condition-rating-threshold-1jx4ffme.png Table 7. Service condition rating threshold https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-condition-state-and-rehabilitation-priorities-23kxfe92.png Table 8. Condition state and rehabilitation priorities https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-template-for-structural-and-service-condition-vzfgzxix.png Table 5. Template for structural and service condition ratings based on inspection results https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-future-inspection-frequency-1h08mtl1.png Table 9. Future inspection frequency https://scispace.com/papers/condensate-growth-in-trapped-bose-gases-1yjxyl0x5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-equilibration-of-the-local-temperature-and-chemical-p-5dzgc21g.png FIG. 8. Equilibration of the local temperature and chemical p tential for a situation in which the final equilibrium temperature the gas is above the critical temperature. Panel~a! gives the local temperature as a function of energy for a sequence of times du the equilibration process. In equilibrium, both the temperature chemical potential are independent of energy. Panel~b! gives the corresponding variation of the local chemical potential. The init conditions before the distribution is truncated are defined by a t https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plot-of-the-logarithm-of-the-distribution-functiong-e-dy3x02f5.png FIG. 6. Plot of the logarithm of the distribution functiong(e,t) for the curve withTcut /Tc52.5 from Fig. 1, at time intervalsDt 50.02 s, starting fromt50.02 s. Each curve is shifted up by on unit with respect to the previous one for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plot-of-the-product-of-the-density-of-states-and-2o1svyq1.png FIG. 7. Plot of the product of the density of states and distribution function at energies of 30, 60, 120, and 240\v̄, for the curve withTcut /Tc52.5 in Fig. 1. The peaks occur in the vicinity o the onset timetonset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-growth-curves-for-different-initial-temperaturest-in-fswxo1cp.png FIG. 3. Growth curves for different initial temperaturesT. In order of decreasingequilibrium number of condensate atom T/Tc51, 1.05, 1.1, 1.15, 1.2, 1.25, and 1.3. The initial conditio are defined by fixing the number of noncondensed particles tÑ 5403106, and the number of condensed atoms toNc5214, as in Fig. 1. The cutoff is now kept fixed atTcut /Tc52.5. The chemical potential is less than zero, and adjusted to keep the numbe noncondensed particles fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-growth-curves-for-different-initial-energy-cutoffs-a-i98pizul.png FIG. 1. Growth curves for different initial energy cutoffs. A discussed in Sec. IV, the initial conditions are defined by fixing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-theoretical-growth-curve-for-initial-conditions-given-2dywy1ag.png FIG. 11. Theoretical growth curve for initial conditions given b Ñ(0)5603106, T5Tc50.876 mK, Tcut /Tc52.5, and Nc(0) 5503104. The experimental points are taken from Fig. 3 of R @10#. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-theoretical-growth-curves-for-the-initial-conditions-3j5ydmvw.png FIG. 10. Theoretical growth curves for the initial conditions Fig. 1, but with Nc(0)510 4 and for various energy cuts:~a! Tcut /Tc51.9, ~b! Tcut /Tc50.6, ~c! Tcut /Tc55.7. The experimenta points are taken from Fig. 4 of Ref.@10#. The dashed line shows th theoretical growth curve for the conditions of case~b! but with mean-field interactions turned off. https://scispace.com/papers/conditional-inference-and-advanced-mathematical-study-1mccofayc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-four-conditional-types-and-four-inference-types-14og44kq.png Table I. The four conditional-types and four inference-types used in the study. These gave rise to sixteen inferences, shown here with their premises (Pr), conclusions (Con), inference-type and validity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-the-mean-ncis-from-each-session-by-inference-kstmj2jg.png Figure 3. Left: The mean NCIs from each session, by inference-type. Right: The mean APIs from each session, by negation-type. Error bars represent ±1 SE of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-mean-number-of-each-inference-correctly-3pdg0pn8.png Table II. The mean number of each inference correctly categorised by the mathematics and comparison groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-mean-number-of-each-inference-correctly-17g8m8g6.png Table III. The mean number of each inference correctly categorised by the mathematics group in Sessions 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-the-mean-ncis-for-each-group-by-inference-type-cjo2054w.png Figure 2. Left: The mean NCIs for each group, by inference-type. Right: The mean APIs for each group, by negation-type. Error bars represent ±1 SE of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-typical-conditional-inference-task-for-the-rule-kylccpr4.png Figure 1. A typical conditional inference task (for the rule ‘if ¬p then q’, the inference MT, and with an explicitly negated premise ‘¬q’). https://scispace.com/papers/conductance-switching-in-a-molecular-device-the-role-of-side-5bzbjb2fj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-geometry-of-monolayers-a-c-connecte-with-2xsx2w15.png FIG. 1. ~Color online! Geometry of monolayers A–C connecte with two Au ~111! surfaces. Color codes: C~dark gray or green!, H ~white!, O ~black or red!, N ~black or blue!, S ~light gray or yellow!, and Au ~light gray or gold!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-zero-bias-transmissiont-e-vb50-for-39sliva2.png FIG. 4. ~Color online! ~a! Zero-bias transmissionT(E,Vb50) for monolayer C@60.~b! Transmission eigenchannels correspon ing to HOMO and LUMO resonances of C@60.~c! Total energy of monolayer a C~dark gray or blue! and monolayer C@60~light gray or magenta! as a function of bias potential.~d! I -Vb characteristics of monolayer C~dark gray or blue! and monolayer C@60~light gray or magenta!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-energy-vs-rotation-angle-for-mol-26bd1bc7.png FIG. 3. ~Color online! ~a! Energy vs rotation angle for mol eculesA, B, andC in Au~111! 333 unit-cell. The energy is calcu lated within the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof approximation the exchange-correlation functional~Ref. 21!. ~b! Contour plot of the effective potential between TW’s with NO2 side groups. Note the bond formation between the O atom and the H atom on neighboring TW. https://scispace.com/papers/confabulation-in-schizophrenia-a-neuropsychological-study-1qe4eal73w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-neuropsychological-performance-of-schizophrenic-uqh8x1fp.png Table 3. Neuropsychological performance of schizophrenic patients and controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-confabulation-scores-and-1h1mq0dy.png Table 4. Correlations between confabulation scores and neuropsychological test scores in the schizophrenic patients https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-confabulation-in-schizophrenic-patients-showing-3t3trlfx.png Fig. 2. Confabulation in schizophrenic patients showing different levels of memory performance, based on normative data for the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) recall. Confabulators are indicated by symbols with a superscript number; the number indicates the number of confabulations produced. Non-confabulators (i.e., those who produced 0–3 confabulations) have no superscript number. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-confabulation-in-the-schizophrenic-3htnntmw.png Table 2. Examples of confabulation in the schizophrenic patients and controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-mean-and-sd-mz45n7n0.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics (mean and SD ) of schizophrenic patients and controls https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-confabulation-distribution-in-patients-and-controls-1b87lngn.png Fig. 1. Confabulation distribution in patients and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-t-test-comparing-intrusion-and-false-recognition-18v8zx2z.png Table 5. T test comparing intrusion and false recognition memory errors (transformed) in patients and controls (descriptives are shown for raw scores) https://scispace.com/papers/confidence-intervals-for-the-duration-of-a-mass-extinction-3e2gbrrjxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observed-ages-of-a-anamensiseafarensis-fossil-3md824pk.png Figure 2. Observed ages of A. anamensiseafarensis fossil horizons plotted as a function of expected ages from A) Zliobait _e's constant fossil recovery potential (FRP) model and B) Zliobait _e's waxewane FRP model. Expected ages are estimated following Zliobait _e (2020), using code from https://github.com/zliobaite/Australopithecus-hat/blob/ master/run_uniformity.R, wherein fossil horizon ages are sampled from prespecified FRP distributions (insets). Lines represent the line of unity. A) is similar to a uniform probability plot (cf. Fig. 5 in Du et al., 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-anamensiseafarensis-age-gaps-through-time-dashed-zeely5ji.png Figure 1. A. anamensiseafarensis age gaps through time. Dashed line is a fitted ordinary least squares model, and the red line is the same but with an added quadratic term. Age is plotted as proceeding from left to right, so the linear model slope appears to be positive even though it is estimated to be negative. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-hypothetical-waxewane-pattern-through-time-for-15v4o2vs.png Figure 3. A) Hypothetical waxewane pattern through time for the fossil recovery potential extremely rapidly on geological time scales (e.g., within 104 years). As a result, there is a negl and between the beginning of waning (right arrow) and the extinction date. The curve wa which here are 1.05 and 1.05. B) Expected fossil horizon ages sampled from the waxewan Expected waxewane ages are averaged over 10,000 iterations, each one a sorted, random sa from the distribution in A). Expected uniform ages are 30 points evenly distributed between waxewane pattern through time for A. anamensiseafarensis along with its phyletic ancestor and waning portions, while A. anamensiseafarensis exhibits a weak waxewane pattern. This p are replaced by wider, ‘fuzzy’ zones). The curve was generated from a beta distribution with these plots. https://scispace.com/papers/configural-and-featural-face-processing-influences-on-3kuugknp2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-38yv1wb3.png Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics of the sample https://scispace.com/papers/confidence-sets-for-cohen-s-d-effect-size-images-277mdp970z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-coverage-results-for-the-circular-signal-with-2n0hrqqh.png Fig. 7. Coverage results for the circular signal, with homogeneous (top row) and heterogeneous (bottom row) Gaussian noise structures. All algorithms performed well, and unlike the linear ramp, empirical coverage for all three methods converged towards the nominal level. For smaller sample sizes there was a larger degree of over-coverage, most noticeably for simulations using the 80% nominal target. Overall, Algorithm 2 performed marginally better than the other two methods, and Algorithm 1 performed the worst. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-slices-views-of-the-cohens-confidence-sets-obtained-2o5na79i.png Fig. 12. Slices views of the Cohen’s 𝑑 Confidence Sets obtained from applying Algorithm 3 to the HCP working memory task data, using three Cohen’s 𝑑 effect size thresholds, 𝑐 = 0 . 5 , 0 . 8 and 1.2. The upper CS ̂ + 𝑐 is displayed in red, and the lower CS ̂ − 𝑐 in blue. Yellow voxels represent the point estimate set ̂ 𝑐 , the best guess from the data of voxels that have surpassed the Cohen’s 𝑑 threshold. The red upper CS has localized regions in the frontal gyrus, paracingulate gyrus, angular gyrus, cerebellum and precuneus which we can assert with 95% confidence have attained (at least) a 0.5 Cohen’s 𝑑 effect size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-coverage-results-for-the-uk-biobank-signal-type-where-4gnh9kxk.png Fig. 11. Coverage results for the UK Biobank signal type, where the full standard deviation image was used as the standard deviation of the subject-level noise fields. Coverage results here were similar to the results for the multiple spheres signal type shown in Fig. 10 . Once again, both Algorithms 2 and 3 performed well for large samples, with empirical coverage rates hovering above the nominal target, while results for Algorithm 1 came further above the nominal level. While for smaller samples the degree of over-coverage became greater for Algorithms 1 and 3 , results for Algorithm 2 appear to slightly drop here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-coverage-results-for-the-multiple-spheres-signal-type-10c34lg0.png Fig. 10. Coverage results for the multiple spheres signal type, with homogeneous (top row) and heterogeneous (bottom row) Gaussian noise structures. Algorithms 2 and 3 both performed well, particularly for the 95% confidence level, where for moderate-to-large sample sizes coverage remained in the vicinity of the 95% confidence interval of the nominal target. Once again, the degree of over-coverage increased as the sample size was made smaller, most severely for Algorithm 1 , while Algorithm 2 remained relatively close to the nominal level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-coverage-results-for-the-large-sphere-signal-type-with-2ufidsfw.png Fig. 9. Coverage results for the large sphere signal type, with homogeneous (top row) and heterogeneous (bottom row) Gaussian noise structures. Compared with the small sphere results displayed in Fig. 9 , empirical coverage results were higher for all three methods here. Algorithm 1 suffered from a particularly large degree of over-coverage for simulations with a small sample size. Coverage performance for Algorithms 2 and 3 was closer in resemblance to the corresponding small sphere results, with Algorithm 2 performing slightly better. This suggests that both of these methods are fairly robust to changes in the boundary length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-two-cohens-effects-corresponding-to-the-linear-29e9sqwe.png Fig. 3. The two Cohen’s 𝑑 effects corresponding to the linear ramp signal 𝜇( 𝒔 ) . On the left, the subject-specific Gaussian noise field 𝜖𝑖 ( 𝒔 ) has a spatially constant standard deviation of 1, and therefore 𝑑( 𝒔 ) = 𝜇( 𝒔 ) . On the right, 𝜖𝑖 ( 𝒔 ) had a spatially increasing standard deviation structure in the y -direction (from top-to-bottom), while remaining constant in the x -direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coverage-results-for-the-small-sphere-signal-type-with-148hrxct.png Fig. 8. Coverage results for the small sphere signal type, with homogeneous (top row) and heterogeneous (bottom row) Gaussian noise structures. In general, empirical coverage remained above the nominal level across all simulations, and for the 95% confidence level (right plots), the results of all three methods fell close to the nominal target (with some over-coverage for 𝑁 = 30 ). All methods were robust as to whether the subject-level noise had homogeneous or heterogeneous variance structure. Because of this, there are minimal differences comparing the plots between both rows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-four-of-the-cohens-fields-used-for-the-3d-simulations-2abzilnj.png Fig. 5. Four of the Cohen’s 𝑑 fields 𝑑( 𝒔 ) used for the 3D simulations. Plots (a)–(c) show the Cohen’s 𝑑 field for the three different spherical effects 𝜇( 𝒔 ) when Gaussian noise with spatially homogeneous standard deviation was added to the signal. Plot (d) shows the Cohen’s 𝑑 field corresponding to the UK Biobank full mean and standard deviation images. Note that the colormap limits for the first three Cohen’s 𝑑 effect-size images are from 0 to 1, while the colormap limits for the UK Biobank image is from − 0.9 to 0.9. https://scispace.com/papers/confined-brownian-ratchets-10qzsqjv6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rectification-of-a-processive-circles-non-processive-3r5seg7l.png FIG. 3. Rectification of a processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian particle moving due to the two state model in a symmetric channel. (a) Particle velocity, in units of D0/L, with D0 = D0(R = 1), as a function of the phase shift φ0 for different values of the parameter S = 1.73, 2.19, 2.94 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S), for V1 = 0.2 and ω21/ω12 = 0.01. (b) Processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor velocity, in units of D0/L, as a function of S upon variation of particle radius R (solid lines, for h0 = 1.25, h1 = 0.2), h0 (solid points, for R = 1, h1 = 0.2) or h1 (open points, for R = 1, h0 = 1.25) for φ0 = 0.1, 0.2 (larger symbols correspond to larger φ0). As a comparison, the case for φ0 = 0.1, 0.2 and V1 = 0.2 is shown (green diamonds) (the larger the symbol, the larger φ0) with ω21/ω12 = 0.01. (The curves for V1 = 1 have been magnified by a factor of 5 for the sake of clarity.) (c) Processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor velocity as a function of the ratchet potential amplitude V1 for S = 1.73, 2.19, 2.94 (the larger the symbol, the larger S) with ω21/ω12 = 0.01. (d) Processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor velocity, in units of D0/L, as a function of ω12/ω21 for φ0 = 0.1 (0.3), open (solid) points and S = 0.4, 7.6 (the larger the symbol, the larger S), with V1 = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rectification-of-a-brownian-motor-moving-due-to-a-33opkjs8.png FIG. 4. Rectification of a Brownian motor moving due to a symmetric flashing ratchet in an asymmetric channel, for h2/h1 = 0.25. (a) Particle velocity, in units of D0/L, D0 = D0(R = 1), as a function of the phase shift φ0 for different values of the parameter S = 0.84, 2.19, 2.94 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S), with V1 = 0.2 and Q = 2. (Inset) μ as a function of φ0 for the same parameters. (b) Particle velocity as a function of S, varied increasing h1 (with R = 1, h0 = 1.25) at constant ratio h2/h1 = 0.1 (open points) and h2/h1 = 0.25 (solid points), for φ0 = 0.1, 0.5 and V1 = 0.2,Q = 2 (the larger the symbol size, the larger φ0). Cyan open circles represent the average velocity obtained by a uniform distribution of φ0 as a function of S. (Inset) μ as a function of S for the same parameters. (c) Particle velocity as a function of the channel asymmetry parameter h2, with φ0 = 0 and S = 1.09, 2.19 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S), for R = 1, h0 = 1.25,V1 = 0.2,Q = 2. (Inset) μ as a function of h2 for the same parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rectification-of-a-processive-circles-non-processive-3a8pvotd.png FIG. 5. Rectification of a processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor moving according to the two state model in symmetric ratchet and asymmetric channel, for h2/h1 = 0.25. (a) Particle velocity, in units of D0/L, D0 = D0(R = 1), as a function of the phase shift φ0 for different values of the parameter S = 1.73, 2.19, 2.94 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S), with V1 = 0.2 and ω21/ω12 = 0.01. (b) Processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor velocity, in units of D0/L, as a function of S as a function of particle radius R (solid lines, with h0 = 1.25, h1 = 0.2) or h1 (open points, with R = 1, h0 = 1.25) for φ0 = 0.1, 0.4 (the larger the symbol size, the larger φ0) for V1 = 1 and ω21/ω12 = 0.01. Green open circles (triangles) represent the average velocity of processive (non-processive) motors obtained by a uniform distribution of φ0 as a function of S. (c) Processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor velocity as a function of h2, being φ0 = 0, with h0 = 1.25,V1 = 0.2, ω21/ω12 = 0.01. The larger the symbol size, the larger the value of h1 (h1 = 0.125, 0.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-brownian-ratchet-and-entropic-barriers-a-brownian-1sanfg1f.png FIG. 1. Brownian ratchet and entropic barriers. A Brownian motor moving in a confined environment will be sensitive to the free energy A(x) (solid) generated by the ratchet potential V (x) (dotted) and the entropic potential (dashed), −kBTS(x), induced by the channel shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rectification-of-a-brownian-motor-moving-due-to-a-3b4fn16c.png FIG. 6. Rectification of a Brownian motor moving due to a asymmetric flashing ratchet in symmetric channel. (a) Particle velocity, in units of v0, for S = 0, as a function of the phase shift φ0 for different values of the parameter S = 0.84, 2.19, 2.94 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S), for V1 = 0.2 and Q = 2. (Inset) μ, in units of the dimensionless mobility, μ0, as a function of φ0 for the same parameters. (b) Particle velocity as a function of S as a function of particle radius R (solid lines, with h1 = 1.25, h2 = 0.2), h1 (solid points, with R = 1, h2 = 0.2) or h2 (open points, with R = 1, h1 = 1.25) for φ0 = 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6 and V1 = 0.2,Q = 2 (the larger the symbol size, the larger φ0). Cyan open circles represent the average velocity obtained by a uniform distribution of φ0 as a function of S. (Inset) μ/μ0 as a function of φ0 for the same parameters. (c) Particle velocity as a function of the ratchet potential amplitude, V1, for Q = 0.02, 0.2, 2 (the larger the symbol size, the larger Q), for S = 2.94, φ0 = 0.1. (Insets) μ and μ/μ0 as a function of φ0 for the same parameters. (d) Particle velocity as a function of Q. Squares for V1 = 0.1, 1, 10 and S = 2.94, φ0 = 0.1 (the larger the symbol size, the larger V1); triangles: Q = 1, S = 1.1, φ0 = 0.5, and V1 = 1. (Insets) μ and μ/μ0 as a function of φ0 for the same parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rectification-of-a-processive-circles-non-processive-1b4ter0z.png FIG. 7. Rectification of a processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor moving due to the two state model in symmetric channel. (a) Particle velocity, in units of v0 as a function of the phase shift φ0 for different values of the parameter S = 1.73, 2.19, 2.94 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S), for V1 = 0.2 and ω21/ω12 = 0.01. (b) Processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor velocity, in units of D0/L, as a function of S and particle radius R (solid lines, with h0 = 1.25, h1 = 0.2), h0 (solid points, with R = 1, h1 = 0.2) or h1 (open points, with R = 1, h0 = 1.25) for φ0 = 0.1, 0.9 (the larger the symbol size, the larger φ0) for V1 = 1 and ω21/ω12 = 0.01. Green open circles (triangles) represent the average velocity of processive (non-processive) motors obtained by a uniform distribution of φ0 as a function of S. (c) Processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor velocity as a function of the ratchet potential amplitude V1 for S = 0.4, 2, 7.6 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S) with ω21/ω12 = 0.01. (d) Processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor velocity as a function of ω12/ω21 for φ0 = 0.1, 0.3, open (solid) points and S = 0.4, 7.6 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S) for V1 = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rectification-of-a-brownian-motor-moving-according-to-3ksi3ne1.png FIG. 8. Rectification of a Brownian motor moving according to an asymmetric flashing ratchet in an asymmetric channel. (a) Particle velocity, in units of the velocity, v0, provided by the ratchet for S = 0, as a function of the phase shift φ0 for different values of the parameter S = 0.84, 2.19, 2.94 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S), for V1 = 0.2, h2/h1 = 0.25 and Q = 2. (Inset) μ, in units of the dimensionless mobility μ0 as a function of φ0 for the same parameters. (b) Particle velocity as a function of S and h1 (with R = 1, h0 = 0.25) for φ0 = 0.1, 0.4, h2/h1 = 0.25 and V1 = 0.2,Q = 2 (the larger the symbol size, the larger φ0). Cyan open circles represent the average velocity obtained by a uniform distribution of φ0 as a function of S. (Inset) μ/μ0 as a function of φ0 for the same parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rectification-of-a-processive-circles-non-processive-13eydjdm.png FIG. 9. Rectification of a processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor moving due to the two state model in an asymmetric channel. (a) Particle velocity, in units of v0, for S = 0, as a function of the phase shift φ0 for different values of the parameter S = 1.73, 2.19, 2.94 (the larger the symbol size, the larger S), for V1 = 0.2, h2/h1 = 0.25, and ω21/ω12 = 0.01. (b) Processive (circles), non-processive (triangles) Brownian motor velocity, in units of D0/L, as a function of S and particle radius R (solid lines, with h0 = 1.25, h1 = 0.2, H2/h1 = 0.25) or h1 (open points, with R = 1, h1 = 1.25, h2/h1 = 0.25) for φ0 = 0.1, 0.9 (the larger the symbol size, the larger φ0) for V1 = 1 and ω21/ω12 = 0.01. Green open circles (triangles) represent the average velocity of processive (non-processive) motors obtained by a uniform distribution of φ0 as a function of S. https://scispace.com/papers/confinement-of-ar-between-two-identical-parallel-semi-48ohox140p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-density-profiles-of-ar-confined-in-a-slit-of-co2-with-oyiagjxt.png FIG. 4. Density profiles of Ar confined in a slit of CO2 with L =60 at Tt. The displayed spectra correspond to average densities av ranging from 0.0555 to 0.555 with a constant step. The horizontal line is the liquid density https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reduced-free-energy-per-particle-of-ar-confined-in-a-2fu9kirh.png FIG. 3. Reduced free energy per particle of Ar confined in a slit of Li with L =40 at T=115 K displayed as a function of the average density. The curve labeled by circles corresponds to symmetric solutions, that labeled by triangles corresponds to asymmetric ones, and the vertical dashed line at av =0.192 indicates the end of ground states with asymmetric profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-asymmetry-parameter-for-ar-confined-in-slits-of-li-3odvn3zx.png FIG. 5. Asymmetry parameter for Ar confined in slits of Li walls as a function of average density. Results for the widths L =10, 20, 40, and 60 are displayed. From outside to inside the curves correspond to temperatures T=83.78, 109, 114, 115, 116, 117, and 118 K. The asymmetric solutions occur for different ranges sb1 av sb2 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-properties-of-ar-confined-in-slits-with-wall-of-73vmx5kf.png TABLE I. Properties of Ar confined in slits with wall of alkali metals, Mg, and CO2. The ratio WsAr / ArAr, wetting Tw, and critical prewetting Tcpw temperatures are listed. C indicates continuous growth at T Tt and PW denotes present work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-both-las-and-ras-branches-of-the-asymmetry-parameter-2u7h40ou.png FIG. 8. Both LAS and RAS branches of the asymmetry parameter for Ar confined between walls of Li at temperatures T Tw. Data for slits of several widths are displayed: L =10 up-triangles , L =20 squares , L =40 downtriangles , and L =60 circles . Solid curves are fits to Eq. 3.7 used for determining Tsb Tcpw; the obtained value is indicated by the horizontal line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-asymmetry-parameter-for-ar-confined-between-two-2k3ptaty.png FIG. 6. Asymmetry parameter for Ar confined between two identical walls of Na located at a distance L =60 as a function of average density. From outside to inside the curves correspond to temperatures T=83.78, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, and 130 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-asymmetry-parameter-for-ar-confined-between-two-3tqko75a.png FIG. 7. Asymmetry parameter for Ar confined between two identical walls of Rb located at a distance L =60 as a function of average density. From outside to inside the curves correspond to temperatures T=83.78, 138, 139, 140, and 141 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reduced-adsorption-potentials-exerted-on-ar-atoms-by-2ob5lk52.png FIG. 1. Reduced adsorption potentials exerted on Ar atoms by the left wall of the slit. Solid curves are CCZ potentials Ref. 16 for alkali substrates, while the dashed curve stands for the interaction between Ar and a wall of CO2 from Refs. 17 and 18. https://scispace.com/papers/confirmatory-factor-analysis-to-establish-determinants-of-1oaihu3v4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-factors-driving-and-inhibiting-wireless-3t9a7krm.png Table 1: The factors driving and inhibiting wireless technology adoption in healthcare https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-initial-model-1lj330v4.png Figure 1: Initial model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-model-x2-41-6-df-23-p-0-010-x2-df-1-810-gfi-0-3j6uxa94.png Figure 8: SEM Model: X² = 41.6, df = 23, p = 0.010, X²/df = 1.810, GFI = 0.955, TLI = .932, RMSEA = 0.065 (Data fit the improved model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-factors-clinical-usefulness-of-wireless-hqbdd2t6.png Table 5: The factors ‗clinical usefulness‘ of wireless technology adoption in healthcare from data analysis of survey result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-clinical-usefulness-x2-30-8-df-12-p-0-054-x2-df-1-rclvwb2r.png Figure 4: Clinical Usefulness: X² = 30.8, df = 12, p = 0.054, X²/df = 1.492, GFI = 0.959, TLI = .900, RMSEA = 0.050 (Data fit the improved model) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-clinical-usefulness-x2-9-0-df-7-p-0-252-x2-df-1-28-nc1xb9sh.png Figure 5: Clinical Usefulness: X² = 9.0, df = 7, p = 0.252, X²/df = 1.28, GFI = 0.986, TLI = .992, RMSEA = 0.038 (Data fit the improved model) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-drivers-x2-37-3-df-25-p-0-054-x2-df-1-492-gfi-0-959-3eevqwkj.png Figure 3: Drivers: X² = 37.3, df = 25, p = 0.054, X²/df = 1.492, GFI = 0.959, TLI = .900, RMSEA = 0.050 (Data fit the improved model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-factors-inhibiting-wireless-technology-adoption-3nf9u5ru.png Table 4: The factors inhibiting wireless technology adoption in healthcare from data analysis of survey result https://scispace.com/papers/conflict-in-south-asia-and-its-impact-on-health-3sbralfcdj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-mental-health-disorder-attributed-to-on07hi5v.png Table 1 | Prevalence (%) of mental health disorder attributed to conflict in select countries in South Asia9 41 42 https://scispace.com/papers/conflicted-scientists-the-shared-pool-dilemma-of-scientific-4fzzuz60l9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-among-2ucx708m.png Table 2. Means, standard deviations, and correlations among variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analysis-for-variables-predicting-1wjom5mx.png Table 3. Regression analysis for variables predicting satisfaction with advisory committee participation (n = 82) https://scispace.com/papers/conflict-resolution-in-parent-adolescent-relationships-and-umtxb9yvwg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-of-the-conflict-13m80nqc.png Table 1 Means and Standard Deviations of the Conflict Measures and Adolescent Delinquency https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relation-between-adolescents-and-their-parents-24an5ms0.png Table 3 Relation Between Adolescents’ and Their Parents’ Conflict Resolution Styles and Delinquency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-mutual-hostility-interaction-in-adolescent-57w3ohwh.png Figure 2 The Mutual Hostility Interaction in Adolescent-Mother Relationships https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-demand-withdraw-interaction-in-adolescent-1hi79jhx.png Figure 1 The Demand-Withdraw Interaction in Adolescent-Father Relationships https://scispace.com/papers/confocal-and-multiphoton-imaging-of-intracellular-ca-2-1vqi5olib2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-major-categories-of-fluorescence-properties-of-ca2-3c9ja4h0.png Figure 7: Major categories of fluorescence properties of Ca2+ indicators. A: Change in dye absorbance and quantum yield generates a Ca2+ sensitive change in the fluorescence intensity (examples Fluo-3/4 Rhod-2, Oregon Green and Fura-Red (inverse relationship). B: Spectral shift in the excitation spectrum as a result of Ca2+ binding to an indicator allows ratiometric measurements (example Fura-2/3/4/6/FF). C: Changes in fluorescence life time as a result of Ca2+ binding to an indicator; the fluorescence decays exponentially within ns of the end of excitation. The rate of decay is Ca2+ dependant; for example the decay of Ca2+-bound Fluo-3 fluorescence is faster than the decay of unbound Fluo-3. D: Change in förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency as a result of Ca2+ binding to either the acceptor or donor proteins; Ca2+ binding changes the distance between the two linked fluorescent proteins. The distance between the donor and acceptor proteins determines the degree of FRET, an increase in FRET efficiency causes a decrease in donor fluorescence and an increase in acceptor fluorescence. Black lines indicate excitation spectra and grey lines indicate emission spectra. Dotted lines represent the Ca2+-free form of the dye, whereas solid lines represent the Ca2+-bound form of the dye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-a-jablonski-diagram-showing-the-energy-states-of-2wafwhu8.png Figure 2: A: A Jablonski diagram showing the energy states of a given fluorophore, including the process of absorption and emission of longer wavelength light upon excitation. The duration of each state is also indicated. B: The absorption and emission spectra of a given fluorophore including the Stoke’s shift due to emission of a longer wavelength photon upon excitation of the fluorophore. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-single-photon-emission-spectra-of-voltage-17zfb6iq.png Figure 11: Single-photon emission spectra of voltage sensitive Di-4-ANEPPS and RH-237, and Ca2+-sensitive Fluo-3 and Rhod-2 dyes. The following emission spectra were obtained by spectrophotometry after simultaneously loading cardiac muscle cells in a high Ca2+ solution (60 μM) with Ca2+- and voltage-sensitive dyes and exciting at 488 nm. The presence of intact excitable cells in a Ca2+-rich environment provides substrate for both Ca2+- and voltage-sensitive dyes. A: Fluo-3 (Ca2+; first peak) and Di-4-ANEPPS (voltage; second peak). B: Rhod-2 (Ca2+; first peak) and RH-237 (voltage; second peak). C: Fluo-3 (Ca2+; first peak) and RH-237 (voltage; second peak). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-internal-reflection-fluorescence-tirf-3lt7zdrt.png Figure 3: Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. A: Overview including the incident and reflected laser light paths within the objective. B: Once the incident light reaches a medium with a lower refractive index at an angle greater than the critical angle θ, the incident light does not penetrate the specimen, but an electromagnetic field is created that penetrates up to ~100 nm above the surface, called an evanescent wave. This may excite fluorophores within the range of the evanescent wave. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-two-photon-2p-excitation-microscopy-including-a-8pnmvlch.png Figure 6: Two-photon (2P) excitation microscopy, including a comparison to singlephoton confocal microscopy. A: Schematic of illumination lightbeams, in which excitation occurs along the whole z-axis with single-photon confocal microscopy; though with highest intensity at the focal point, whereas excitation is confined to a narrow area around the focal point with 2P microscopy. Correspondingly, emission occurs along the entire z-axis with confocal microscopy; though out-of-focus light is blocked by the confocal aperture, whereas emission is confined to a narrow area around the focal point with 2P excitation microscopy. B: Schematic of the continuous laser used for single-photon excitation and a pulsed titanium:sapphire (Ti:Sapphire) laser used for 2P excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ca2-calibration-errors-a-error-due-to-changes-in-139cuwl0.png Figure 10: [Ca2+] calibration errors. A: Error due to changes in background fluorescence plotted against varying [Ca2+] values normalized by the indicator Kd (0.4 μM, Fluo-3 and 0.8 μM, Fluo5F). Dynamic range of the dye was set at 100 (maximum attributable to Fluo-3). A typical cellular Ca2+ concentration range is highlighted by grey boxes (100 nM to 1 μM) for each of the two Kd values. The left axis (thick line) highlights the relative fluorescence versus [Ca2+]. The right axis (thin lines) represents the % error in [Ca2+] due to variations in the intracellular background. Two levels of background fluorescence were considered: (i) background fluorescence is equal in magnitude to Fmin; errors of +/- 50% and +/- 100% background were considered, and (ii) background fluorescence is equal to 5x Fmin; errors of +/- 10% and +/- 20% of background fluorescence. These two combinations of background and errors superimpose exactly (i.e. +/-50% superimposes on +/-10% and +/-100% superimposes on +/- 20%) to produce the 4 error lines shown. B: Error in absolute fluorescence levels; errors of +/- 10% and +/- 30% are shown. C: Error in dynamic range of Fluoand Rhod-based dyes; errors of +/- 10% and +/- 30% are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-illustration-of-the-conversion-of-increments-in-3vopgurd.png Figure 9: Illustration of the conversion of increments in total cellular Ca2+ to free Ca2+ signal using the cellular buffer power. Increase of the total cellular Ca2+ by equivalent amounts (T1 & T2) causes a rise of free [Ca2+] of F1 and F2 due to differences in the background [Ca2+]. Cellular Ca2+ buffer is illustrated by the relationship between total cellular Ca2+ and free Ca2+. Note that while the amplitude of the transient increase in free [Ca2+] depends on the increase in total Ca2+ and the cellular buffer power, the time course of the decrease will depend on the extent of activation of cellular Ca2+ pumps and exchangers. Generally the rate of these processes depends on the free [Ca2+], therefore the decay of the Ca2+ transients of different amplitudes may differ substantially. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cameleon-based-forster-resonance-energy-transfer-3s190f0x.png Figure 4: Cameleon-based förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). A: Schematic of the cameleon in the absence and presence of Ca2+; note the conformational change in the calmodulin (Cam) and the Cam-binding domain of myosin light chain kinase (M13) upon binding to Ca2+ that allows for FRET between the donor and acceptor green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants. B: The relative emission intensities at different wavelengths indicate whether or not Ca2+ is present, and hence FRET occurs. https://scispace.com/papers/conjugated-linoleic-acid-does-not-improve-insulin-tolerance-nd5ykvymgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-diet-on-fat-pad-weight-of-mice-fed-8v0mqpjy.png Figure 4: Effect of diet on fat pad weight of mice fed control or CLA-containing diets for 6 weeks, experiment 3. MH, MH1 (mouse line selected for high metabolic rate); control, 7% soy oil diet; CLA, 6% soy oil 1% CLA diet. N 12 mice per diet. Error bars represent SEM. abDifferent letters within fat pad represent differences, p 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-diet-on-basal-blood-glucose-and-serum-1l8z9tgd.png Figure 5: Effect of diet on basal blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations at death of mice fed control or CLA-containing diets for 9 weeks, followed by control diet for 0, 14, and 35 days, experiment 1. Line diet not significant; therefore, bars represent least squares means of glucose and insulin in mice from both genetic lines (MH1 and ML1). Control, 7% soy oil diet; restricted, control diet at 65% to 70% intake of control mice; CLA, 6% soy oil 1% CLA diet. (A) Day 0 of recovery. (B) Day 14 of recovery. (C) Day 35 of recovery. Day 0, n 6 mice per diet; day 14, n 3 to 6 mice per diet; day 35, n 7 to 10 mice per diet. Error bars represent SEM. abDifferent letters represent differences in glucose, p 0.05. cdDifferent letters represent differences in insulin, p 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-diet-on-fatty-acid-profile-of-liver-3ih7x5ij.png Table 3. Effect of diet on fatty acid profile of liver, experiment 1* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-in-glucose-after-insulin-injection-in-mice-2x8ftne2.png Figure 6: Change in glucose after insulin injection in mice on day 0 (n 9 per line per diet), experiment 1. Error bars represent SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-diet-on-fatty-acid-profile-of-epididymal-v5oi2dhw.png Table 2. Effect of diet on fatty acid profile of epididymal fat, experiment 1* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-diet-on-preinjection-and-30-minute-24gg2ss4.png Figure 7: Effect of diet on preinjection and 30-minute postinsulin injection blood glucose concentrations of mice fed control or CLA-containing diets for 9 weeks, followed by control diet for 0, 11, and 32 days, experiment 1. MH, MH1 (mouse line selected for high metabolic rate); ML, ML1 (mouse line selected for low metabolic rate); control, 7% soy oil diet; restricted, control diet at 65% to 70% intake of control mice; CLA, 6% soy oil 1% CLA diet. (A) Day 0 of recovery. (B) Day 11 of recovery. (C) Day 32 of recovery. Day 0, n 9 mice per line per diet; day 11, n 6 mice per line per diet; day 32, n 5 to 6 mice per line per diet. abcDifferent letters represent differences in baseline glucose, within mouse line, p 0.05. deDifferent letters represent differences in the change in glucose at 30 minutes, within mouse line, p 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-diet-on-feed-intake-and-body-weight-1kzewzfv.png Figure 2: Effect of diet on feed intake and body weight, experiment 1. MH, MH1 (mouse line selected for high metabolic rate); ML, ML1 (mouse line selected for low metabolic rate); control, 7% soy oil diet; restricted, control diet at 65% to 70% intake of control mice; CLA, 6% soy oil 1% CLA diet. Arrow indicates switch to all mice consuming control diet ad libitum. The experiment started with n 10 to 14 mice per line per diet. (A) Feed intake, grams per day. #Main effect of line, p 0.05. *Main effect of diet, p 0.05. **Line diet interaction, p 0.05. (B) Body weight, grams. #Main effect of line, p 0.05. *Main effect of diet, p 0.05. **Line diet interaction, p 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-preinjection-and-30-minute-postinsulin-injection-25ydeeku.png Figure 8: Preinjection and 30-minute postinsulin injection blood glucose concentrations of mice fed control or CLA-containing diets for 6 weeks, followed by control diet for 0 or 24 days, experiments 2 and 3. Control, 7% soy oil diet; CLA, 6% soy oil 1% CLA diet. N 12 mice per diet in each experiment. (A) Day 0 of recovery, mouse line MH3, experiment 2. (B) Day 24 of recovery, mouse line MH3, experiment 2. (C) Day 0 of recovery, mouse line MH1, experiment 3. https://scispace.com/papers/connected-cooperative-ecodriving-system-considering-human-1guk0mus0a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-passing-scenario-at-different-entry-case-376b91no.png Fig. 16. Passing scenario at different entry case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hmi-interface-for-in-vehicle-advising-1f5mqdeq.png Fig. 4. HMI interface for in-vehicle advising. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-driver-error-calculation-mo48pz0t.png Fig. 5. Driver error calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flowchart-of-ead-system-considering-driver-error-2l9q8rja.png Fig. 6. Flowchart of EAD system considering driver error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-scenario-tree-aogs7ifw.png Fig. 7. Example scenario tree. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-energy-and-mobility-improvement-1j0lu9hs.png TABLE II AVERAGE ENERGY AND MOBILITY IMPROVEMENT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-speed-trajectory-of-ead-with-without-driver-in-the-ms8o7bum.png Fig. 19. Speed trajectory of EAD with/without driver-in-the-loop (for case 9, driver 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-scenario-change-analysis-1qc75bep.png TABLE I SCENARIO-CHANGE ANALYSIS https://scispace.com/papers/connecting-dispersion-models-and-wall-temperature-prediction-5frusqkzto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-parallel-flows-in-ducts-evolution-of-df-as-a-function-1pm4dhji.png Fig. 1. Parallel flows in ducts: evolution of Df⁄ as a function of the Reynolds number for several Prandtl numbers. Comparison with numerical reference results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-description-of-the-two-layers-decomposition-j0uk0pkr.png Fig. 2. Schematic description of the two-layers decomposition: case of a circular pipe. Solid surface is denotedRwhile the surface delimiting both regions is denoted R2,1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wall-temperature-during-the-crossing-of-a-temperature-27jatslu.png Fig. 6. Wall temperature during the crossing of a temperature jump in laminar adiabatic flows in plane channels and circular pipes (see Table 3), at 3 different times and for Re = 175 and Pr = 1.48. Comparison between three wall temperature profiles: classical (Eq. (86)), transport equation model (Eq. (84)) and reference results coming from spatially averaged CFD fine scale simulations are shown. Wall temperature profiles are scaled with inlet (Te) and outlet (Ts) temperature values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-jump-in-a-laminar-adiabatic-flows-in-a-11r5hcyf.png Fig. 4. Temperature jump in a laminar adiabatic flows in a plane channel, Re = 175, Pr = 1.48: comparison between classical (Eq. (86)), dispersive (Eq. (30)) and reference results coming from spatially averaged CFD fine scale simulations. Temperature profiles are scaled with inlet (Te) and outlet (Ts) temperature values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-jump-in-a-laminar-adiabatic-flows-in-a-1cwc8l1b.png Fig. 5. Temperature jump in a laminar adiabatic flows in a plane channel, Re = 175, Pr = 1.48: comparison between bulk (TB), averaged (hT f if ) and wall (Tw) temperature profiles provided by our macroscale model. On can see the shift between bulk temperature increase and wall temperature increase. Temperature profiles are scaled with inlet (Te) and outlet (Ts) temperature values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-non-uniformly-heated-flows-in-pipes-non-dimensioned-r45wrdoe.png Fig. 9. Non-uniformly heated flows in pipes: Non-dimensioned wall temperature profiles. Comparison between three wall temperature profiles: classical (Eq. (86)), transport equation model (Eq. (84)) and reference results coming from spatially averaged CFD fine scale simulations are shown. Wall temperature profiles are scaled with inlet (Te) and outlet (Ts) temperature values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-validation-test-cases-steady-flows-with-non-uniform-3buo0aui.png Table 4 Validation test-cases: steady flows with non-uniform wall heat flux. Acronym ‘‘CP’’ stands for plane channel and ‘‘Tu’’ for circular pipes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-description-of-the-wall-temperature-model-test-case-1r7pynce.png Fig. 8. Description of the wall temperature model test-case: steady flows with piecewise linear wall heat flux. https://scispace.com/papers/connecting-scientific-data-to-scientific-experiments-with-1sq4au6u7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-time-to-refine-workflow-with-and-26jxamtf.png Figure 9: Time to refine workflow with and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-combined-workflow-and-data-process-documentation-3ulnbfl2.png Figure 8: Combined workflow and data process documentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-time-for-refinement-and-enactment-with-ptc-and-1g1cchrp.png Figure 10: Time for refinement and enactment with PTC and PASOA systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-part-of-montage-workflow-ovals-denote-computations-94c0rwq0.png Figure 1. Part of Montage Workflow. Ovals denote computations, rectangles denote data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-workflow-with-node-clustering-of-data-transfer-3teed643.png Figure 4: Workflow with node clustering of data transfer tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-workflow-with-data-transfer-and-registration-nodes-1l77xz36.png Figure 3: Workflow with data transfer and registration nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-workflow-a-after-reduction-b-after-site-selection-19rqav1e.png Figure 2: Workflow (a) After Reduction (b) After Site Selection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pegasus-workflow-refinement-3sxvq3y4.png Figure 5: Pegasus workflow refinement https://scispace.com/papers/connecting-the-islands-enabling-global-connectivity-through-15xuppnw76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-devices-close-to-each-communicates-via-their-local-wk2r5sma.png Fig. 1: Devices close to each communicates via their local interface and form an island, the global interface is used for communication with devices further away on other islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-devices-on-the-island-of-the-source-and-the-sink-1alvdvoi.png Fig. 3: The devices on the island of the source and the sink communicate cooperatively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-source-transmits-to-the-sink-and-the-neighbouring-2wkto56d.png Fig. 2: The source transmits to the sink and the neighbouring devices of the sink cooperate with the sink. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tradeoffs-depending-on-the-field-and-generation-size-1hmuxa30.png Fig. 4: Tradeoffs depending on the field and generation size. https://scispace.com/papers/connectivity-condition-for-structural-properties-using-a-5b7v2552gv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-edges-and-corresponding-components-events-logical-3bjxjktm.png Table 1. Edges and corresponding components events logical expression https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cpt-for-and-logical-operators-3fuqcf6x.png Table 2. CPT for ∧ and ∨ logical operators https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-temporal-cpt-1wpr40l8.png Table 3. Temporal CPT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-digraph-of-example-is8icvfx.png Figure 1. The digraph of example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reliability-of-the-connectivity-condition-1x5a18as.png Figure 3. Reliability of the connectivity condition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dbn-of-the-connectivity-condition-3i6x3b82.png Figure 2. DBN of the connectivity condition https://scispace.com/papers/consciousness-and-depth-of-anesthesia-assessment-based-on-4j75m53k1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-bdoa-values-in-light-anesthesia-state-with-2s2yfnrn.png TABLE III BDoA VALUES IN LIGHT ANESTHESIA STATE WITH DIFFERENT SAMPLES (n) AND VARIANCE τ VALUES, BIS = 70–80 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-eeg-histogram-is-fitted-to-the-different-probability-rp0a7unh.png Fig. 8. EEG histogram is fitted to the different probability densities: normal, gamma, Rayleigh, extreme, inverse Gaussian, and exponential. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-impacts-of-n-and-t-values-on-the-posterior-values-a-1ixmi4vn.png Fig. 9. Impacts of n and τ values on the posterior values. (a) MAP values increase when the sample n increases. (b) MAP values decrease when the variance τ increases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-bdoa-values-in-moderate-anesthesia-state-with-3u1fv9v2.png TABLE IV BDoA VALUES IN MODERATE ANESTHESIA STATE WITH DIFFERENT SAMPLES (n) AND VARIANCE τ VALUES, BIS = 40–55 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-the-two-denoising-thresholds-a-bdoa-1dppacfa.png Fig. 1. Comparison between the two denoising thresholds: (a) BDoA trend using the threshold in (3). (b) BDoA trend using the new proposed Bayesian threshold in (15). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-burst-suppression-happens-from-390-to-397-s-a-3e66qcvg.png Fig. 11. Burst suppression happens from 390 to 397 s. (a) Comparison between BDoA and BIS trends. BDoA index can show the DoA values during the burst suppression time. (b) Sample EEG signal during the burst suppression time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-doa-values-in-the-case-of-poor-signal-quality-of-tvtvgb62.png Fig. 12. DoA values in the case of poor signal quality of Patient 12: a comparison between the BDoA and BIS trends. From 0 to 180 s, when SQI is lower than 15, the BDoA values can display the DoA values but the BIS cannot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relation-between-the-anesthesia-states-and-the-mpp-q6g2wqx1.png TABLE I RELATION BETWEEN THE ANESTHESIA STATES AND THE MPP FOR A PATIENT https://scispace.com/papers/connectome-constrained-graphical-models-of-meg-coherence-e7tou2yf0c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structural-connectome-we-show-the-streamlines-1263cpol.png Figure 1: Structural Connectome: We show the streamlines derived from [28] on the right and the structural connectome for the 114 areas of the Lausanne parcellation on the left. We have labeled a subset of areas each with 1 to 3 subdivisions (see [29] for all subdivisions of the Lausanne parcellation). We show the binarized SC, with any non-zero edge being shown in yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-edge-weight-correlation-in-simulation-we-estimated-1zqvguug.png Figure 5: Edge Weight Correlation in Simulation: We estimated networks using the cGGM and aGGM at different signal to noise ratios. We compared the reconstructed partial coherence (cGGM) and partial correlation (aGGM) to the ground truth by examining the correlation in edge weights (over the set of non-zero edges). Partial coherence is more correlated to the ground truth partial coherence than the partial correlation is to the ground truth partial correlation across all SNR. Note that partial coherence has a correlation greater than 0.5 for almost all reconstructions at an SNR above 30 dB while this is true for partial correlation only at 50 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graph-theory-and-amplitude-partial-correlation-we-3mpxxcky.png Figure 7: Graph Theory and Amplitude Partial Correlation: We show how well different graph theoretic metrics can capture the structural connectivity characteristics relative to using the reconstructed partial correlation weights. At each SNR, we plot the correlation between graph theory metrics calculated from reconstructed network with the original network across 500 iterations in green. In orange we show the correlation of the weights of reconstructed partial correlation with the original partial correlation. For comparison purposes we show the same set of correlations alongside all graph theory metrics. We examine the two methods across different SNR and find that at SNR below 30 dB, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and degrees provide more accurate reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-meg-forward-model-we-show-the-fsaverage-brain-kkel1r5i.png Figure 2: MEG Forward Model: We show the fsaverage brain subdivided into 114 regions of interest (ROIs) according to the Lausanne parcellations, with x, y, z oriented dipoles representing source activity in each brain ROI. The CSF, skull and scalp boundaries obtained from the fsaverage head are indicated by transparent surfaces and the 102 locations of orthogonal pairs of planar gradiometers are indicated by red dots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-degrees-across-connectomes-we-show-degrees-across-24bxpg47.png Figure 9: Degrees Across Connectomes: We show degrees across different areas in the structural connectome. Similarly we show median degrees across subjects in the beta band when using partial correlation, and in gamma band when using partial coherence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-overview-describing-each-figure-above-in-14cvsngk.png Figure 3: Simulation Overview - describing each figure above in a clockwise manner from top left: First, we used the SC edge locations and weights to constrain the precision on each iteration of the simulation. The original SC weights were shuffled across the edges and we generated random phases for each edge (described in Methods, see Eq. 22). Second, we sampled from a complex-valued multivariate normal distribution using the precision generated in the first step. Third, we used the MEG forward matrix to forward model the samples to the sensors. Fourth, we applied an inverse solution to source localize data. Fifth, we split the data into 4 ensembles of 120 samples (represented are the 4 covariance matrices from these ensembles of data). Finally, these 4 ensembles served as the input for the adaptive graphical lasso. The estimated precision from this procedure was compared to the original precision (orange arrow) using sensitivity and false discovery rate (FDR). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graph-theory-and-partial-coherence-we-show-how-well-23jty5da.png Figure 6: Graph Theory and Partial Coherence: We show how well using different graph theoretic metrics does at capturing the structural connectivity characteristics relative to using the reconstructed partial coherence weights. At each SNR, we plot the correlation between graph theory metrics calculated from reconstructed network with the original network across 500 iterations in green. In orange we show the correlation of the weights of reconstructed partial coherence with the original partial coherence. For comparison purposes we show the same set of correlations (of edge weights) alongside all graph theory metrics. We examine the two methods across different SNR and find that at SNR below 50 dB, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and degrees provide more accurate reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-results-we-show-the-average-for-different-1creryzp.png Table 1: Simulation Results: We show the average for different reconstruction performance metrics and for different summary statistics across all 500 simulation iterations. Each column represents the results for a particular summary statistic (partial coherence - PC or amplitude partial correlation - APC) at a particular signal to noise ratio (1 to 50 dB). The third row shows the average correlations between edge weights from estimated and ground truth PC/APC. The fourth row onward shows the correlation between estimated and ground truth graph theoretic metrics for PC and APC. For full distributions of results across all 500 simulation iterations see Figures 4,5,6, and 7. https://scispace.com/papers/consensus-based-distributed-optimal-power-flow-algorithm-1drm3hhhs1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ieee14-system-topology-3b8ecsr1.png Fig. 1: IEEE14 system topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-real-voltage-of-bus-3-and-the-estimates-in-ieee14-3bmbzygd.png Fig. 4: The real voltage of bus 3 and the estimates in IEEE14 system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-real-voltage-of-bus-5-and-the-estimates-in-ieee14-3bwsrhyx.png Fig. 6: The real voltage of bus 5 and the estimates in IEEE14 system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-real-voltage-of-bus-10-and-the-estimates-in-ieee14-4qcrltpe.png Fig. 9: The real voltage of bus 10 and the estimates in IEEE14 system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-real-voltage-of-bus-12-and-the-estimates-in-2i6zaxpq.png Fig. 11: The real voltage of bus 12 and the estimates in IEEE14 system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-real-voltage-of-bus-11-and-the-estimates-in-37jpdhc8.png Fig. 10: The real voltage of bus 11 and the estimates in IEEE14 system https://scispace.com/papers/connectivity-guided-adaptive-lifting-transform-for-image-3vlqqng9nw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-results-for-the-homer-9handle-torus-1poum8f0.png Table 1. Comparative results for the Homer, 9Handle Torus, Sandal, Dragon, Dance models compressed using MPEG-3DGC and SPIHT mesh coders. Hausdorff distances are measured between the original and reconstructed meshes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-proposed-framework-for-mesh-compression-mi-1ac5fcjt.png Fig. 1. The proposed framework for mesh compression. Mi represents the mesh data at stage i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-projection-operation-and-the-2lpmctfo.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the projection operation and the resulting image-like representation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-homer-model-reconstructed-from-a-9-41-kb-of-spiht-1vb8n81a.png Fig. 4. Homer model reconstructed from (a) 9.41 KB of SPIHT bitstream and (b) 41.8 KB ofMPEG bitstream. (c) Face mean error of the Homer model reconstructed from SPIHT bitstream. Darker regions represents low error regions. (d) Flat-shaded Homer model reconstructed SPIHT bitstream. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-compression-results-for-a-homer-and-b-9handle-torus-kczykg7j.png Fig. 3. Compression results for (a) Homer and (b) 9Handle Torus models using SPIHT and JPEG2000. Hausdorff distances are measured between the original and reconstructed models. https://scispace.com/papers/consequences-of-strain-for-the-structure-of-aliphatic-55e9ku3p84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-for-conformational-analysis-of-c-c-single-bonds-30hjhh0y.png Fig. 2. Model for conformational analysis of C—C single bonds taking into account geminal repulsion between groups of different sizes (L.--- large, M = medium, S =small). I—II: meso; III — V : D,L. In each case, only one enantiomer of III — V is shown. * Denotes the preferred conformation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-structures-and-newman-projections-of-the-two-rotamers-2p7vupsi.png Fig. 4. Structures and Newman projections of the two rotamers of D,L-3,4di(1-adamanty1)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane with important bond lengths [pm) and angles [°] derived from crystal structure analysis [30, 401. Ad= 1-adamantyl. The (S,S)-enantiomers are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/consequences-of-the-serial-nature-of-linguistic-input-for-3bno7uvtgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-response-accuracy-by-condition-for-experiment-2-3sovnnm9.png Table 4 Response accuracy by condition for Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-r2s-for-regressions-of-several-factors-against-3hc4b8o2.png Table 6 R2s for regressions of several factors against reading times https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-r2s-for-log-normalized-conditional-n-gram-models-3qdj0n1d.png Table 7 R2s for log normalized conditional n-gram models collapsing across item regressions of several factors against reading timesa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-length-adjusted-residual-reading-times-per-word-ms-1aon6e0i.png Table 2 Length-adjusted residual reading times per word (ms) by two-word region over the RC https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reading-times-in-msec-over-the-embedded-and-matrix-7jr1t27y.png Table 3 Reading times in msec over the embedded and matrix verbs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-integration-cost-as-a-linear-predictor-of-reading-2l1mljmj.png Fig. 6. Integration cost as a linear predictor of reading times per region in Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reading-times-and-predicted-locality-costs-at-the-16ziuqzg.png Fig. 4. Reading times and predicted locality costs at the first verb for each condition in Experiment 2 (r2 = .889). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reading-times-and-predicted-integration-costs-for-f9zvwjqu.png Fig. 2. Reading times and predicted integration costs for Experiment 1 plotted for consecutive regions. https://scispace.com/papers/considerations-on-security-in-zigbee-networks-5f86ev9hcp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-home-certification-12yrqpa1.png Figure 2. Home-certification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-zigbee-protocol-stack-1vq0av7n.png Figure 1. The ZigBee protocol stack. https://scispace.com/papers/constant-envelope-ofdm-transmission-over-impulsive-noise-4nnnrjqa75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-instantaneous-power-of-ce-ofdm-and-ofdm-signals-226bx73r.png Figure 1: Instantaneous power of CE-OFDM and OFDM signals. https://scispace.com/papers/constrained-optimal-control-theory-for-differential-linear-49d2brhogl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-projection-on-the-x1-x2-plane-39qcknrd.png Fig. 2. Projection on the x1–x2 plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimal-control-synthesis-1iexapfo.png Fig. 1. Optimal control synthesis. https://scispace.com/papers/constraining-mass-transfer-histories-of-blue-straggler-stars-2ui1b3smu8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-wocs-4540-and-wocs-5379-2sg5m20q.png Table 1. Properties of WOCS 4540 and WOCS 5379 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-left-color-magnitude-diagram-showing-mesa-2ogpbmg8.png Figure 10. Left: Color-magnitude diagram showing MESA accretion evolutionary tracks for both WOCS 4540 (solid line) and WOCS 5379 (dashed line) that best match the observed photometry. The gray dots show the NGC 188 cluster members (Geller et al. 2009). The current CMD positions of both systems are shown with gray stars. The photometric errors are within the points, but WOCS 5379 is a photometric variable with ∆V= 0.22, which we show with the error bar. The modeled photometry for each track at an age of 6.2 Gyr is shown with green stars. The model that best matches WOCS 4540 is a 1.14 M progenitor that accretes 0.44 M to reach a final BSS mass of 1.58 M . The model that best matches WOCS 5379 is a 0.85 M progenitor that accretes 0.44 M to reach a BSS mass of 1.29 M . Right: The same models as on the left, but shown on an HR diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-from-gosnell-et-al-2015-a-cmd-of-ngc-188-cluster-104dc0gu.png Figure 1. From Gosnell et al. (2015), a CMD of NGC 188 cluster members. The solid black line shows the zeroage main sequence. The BSS symbols indicate binarity (diamonds: binary, double diamond: double-lined binary, circle: non-velocity variable). BSS with photometric WD detections are filled in with a color from light to dark blue, indicating the approximate temperature of the WD companion. Hotter WD companions are younger. The two BSS in this study, WOCS 4540 and WOCS 5379, are labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co-core-wd-atmosphere-model-fits-to-the-spectrum-of-8jk5st8p.png Figure 4. CO-core WD atmosphere model fits to the spectrum of WOCS 4540. The gray lines are 500 random draws from the posterior distribution. The data used in the fit are shown in darker blue, while the data masked from the fit are shown in light blue. The best fit parameters for WOCS 4540 are Teff = 17200 +100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-he-core-wd-atmosphere-model-fits-to-the-spectrum-of-20an206j.png Figure 5. He-core WD atmosphere model fits to the spectrum of WOCS 5379, with the same symbols as Figure 4. The wavelength range here is different due to less contamination from the BSS companion. The best fit parameters for WOCS 5379 are Teff = 15400 +280 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mesa-evolutionary-tracks-for-accreting-stars-with-19u8xpb4.png Figure 9. MESA evolutionary tracks for accreting stars with initial masses ranging from 0.7 to 1.1 M , as shown in the figure legend. On the left, the tracks are compared against the Teff and luminosity of WOCS 4540, shown with a black star. Dashed lines show the accretion tracks ending with a 1.5 M BSS and the solid lines show tracks ending with a 1.6 M BSS, with the color indicating the original progenitor mass. The diamonds and circles show the locations on those tracks corresponding to an age of 6.2 Gyr. On the right, similar tracks are shown for WOCS 5379, with the dashed lines indicating a 1.2 M BSS and the solid lines indicating a 1.3 M BSS. The squares and triangles show the locations at 6.2 Gyr. These tracks show that the progenitor for WOCS 4540 must be slightly more massive than the assumed current turnoff mass of 1.1 M and the resulting BSS mass is almost 1.6 M . WOCS 5379 has a progenitor of approximately 0.8–0.9 M with a final BSS mass close to 1.3 M . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-stability-calculations-for-the-formation-models-1wtx4fts.png Figure 11. Stability calculations for the formation models shown in Figures 9 and 10. Models for WOCS 4540 are shown on the left, and models for WOCS 5379 are on the right. Plots compare the response of the Roche lobe to mass loss with the expected adiabatic response of the giants to mass loss as a function of the resulting white dwarf mass to the formation models (colored symbols). The shaded gray region represents mass transfer scenarios expected to be stable, where ζRL > ζad, and the white region indicates the unstable mass transfer regime (ζRL < ζad) where the mass-losing giant is expected to expand faster than its Roche lobe. The grey line is where ζRL = ζad. Symbols correspond to different final blue straggler masses (1.2–1.6 M ), and colors correspond to initial accretor masses (0.7–1.1 M ) as in Figure 9. We also show in green stars the stability of the best-fit evolutionary tracks from Figure 10. For each model we also show the necessary mass transfer efficiency (B). Here we assume the giant donor undergoes no wind mass loss prior to the onset of Roche lobe overflow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-stability-calculations-as-in-figure-11-but-here-we-6aw9z3zi.png Figure 12. Stability calculations as in Figure 11, but here we determine the adiabatic response of the giant donor assuming substantial wind mass loss on the RGB, and for WOCS 4540 also on the AGB, prior to the onset of Roche lobe overflow. When accretion begins, the AGB donor for WOCS 4540 (left) has a mass of 0.92 M . The RGB donor for WOCS 5379 (right) has a mass of 1.08 M . We show the mass transfer efficiency (B) as a fraction of the mass lost during Roche lobe overflow (i.e. assuming none of the material lost earlier as a wind can be accreted by the secondary). This scenario provides an optimistic limit on the possible stability of these formation scenarios. https://scispace.com/papers/constraints-on-dark-matter-properties-from-observations-of-yuxcbtgiqh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-panel-transfer-functions-for-the-wdm-orange-line-z011qsfo.png FIG. 1. Left panel: Transfer functions for the WDM (orange line), IDM (blue line), and FDM (magenta line) models that are ruled out by our analysis at 95% confidence, corresponding tomWDM ¼ 6.5 keV, σ0 ¼ 8.8 × 10−29 cm2 (for DM particle massmχ ¼ 100 MeV), and mϕ ¼ 2.9 × 10−21 eV, respectively. These constraints are marginalized over our MW satellite model and the properties of the MW system. Middle panel: SHMF suppression relative to CDM for each ruled-out non-CDM model. The vertical dashed line indicates the 95% confidence upper limit on the lowest-mass halo inferred to host MW satellite galaxies [36]. Note that the IDM SHMF is assumed to be identical to the WDM SHMF in our analysis and is offset slightly for visual clarity. Right panel: Predicted MW satellite galaxy luminosity functions for each ruled-out non-CDM model compared to DES and PS1 observations, evaluated at the best-fit MW satellite model parameters from Ref. [36]. The shaded band illustrates the uncertainty of our WDM prediction due to the stochasticity of our galaxy-halo connection model and the limited number of simulations used in our analysis; the size of this uncertainty is very similar to that in CDM and the other alternative DMmodels shown. This panel is a simple one-dimensional representation of our MW satellite and DM model fit to the luminosity, size, and spatial distribution of satellites in the DES and PS1 survey footprints. The comparison of our CDM model to data is described in Ref. [36], and full posterior distributions for our non-CDM analyses are provided in Supplemental Material [46]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-constraints-on-the-wdm-idm-and-fdm-paradigms-from-2nr4b8y1.png TABLE I. Constraints on the WDM, IDM, and FDM paradigms from observations of MW satellite galaxies. Limits for each nonCDM model are derived by assuming that it constitutes the entirety of the DM. The first column lists the DM paradigm, the second column describes the particle physics parameters constrained by this analysis, the third column lists the corresponding constraints at 95% confidence, the fourth column describes the derived property constrained for each DMmodel, and the fifth column lists constraints on the derived parameters. Limits on the DM-proton scattering cross sections depend on the DM particle mass, mχ (see Fig. 2); for simplicity, we present our constraint for mχ ¼ 100 MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-constraints-on-ultralight-axion-particle-mass-versus-13ca79up.png FIG. 3. Constraints on ultralight axion particle mass versus axion-photon coupling from our analysis of the MW satellite population (red). Limits from CMB polarization washout [89] and the Lyman-α forest [39] are shown in green, and haloscope limits are shown as gray vertical bands. Experimental constraints from the CAST experiment [90], the lack of a γ-ray signal from SN1987A [91], and the x-ray transparency of the intracluster medium [92] are shown in gray and do not require that the ultralight axion makes up all of the DM. The dashed lines [93] span canonical QCD axion models [94,95]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-exclusion-regions-for-wdm-and-idm-models-from-our-2wnv8piu.png FIG. 2. Exclusion regions for WDM and IDM models from our analysis of MW satellites observed with DES and PS1 (red) compared to previous constraints from classical and SDSS satellites [22] (blue) and other experimental results. Left panel: Constraints on the mass and mixing angle of resonantly produced sterile neutrino DM. These constraints are derived by finding mass and mixing angle combinations that suppress the linear matter power spectrum more strongly than the mWDM ¼ 6.5 keV thermal relic ruled out at 95% confidence by our analysis. The black point with error bars shows the sterile neutrino interpretation of the 3.5 keV x-ray line [74]. The dark gray region is ruled out by dwarf galaxy internal dynamics [82], and the gray contour shows x-ray constraints [83–85]. Solid black lines indicate regions of parameter space in which resonantly produced sterile neutrinos cannot constitute all of the DM in the neutrino minimal standard model [66,73]. Right panel: Constraints on the interaction cross section and DM mass for velocityindependent DM-proton scattering. Green contours show cosmological limits from the CMB [23,25] and the Lyman-α forest [86]. Light gray contours show experimental limits from the x-ray quantum calorimeter [87] and direct detection results as interpreted by Ref. [88]. https://scispace.com/papers/constraints-on-the-statherian-evolution-of-the-intraplate-3bkhzehopr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-main-lithofacies-identified-in-the-1fou9vjx.png Table 1 Summary of the main lithofacies identified in the Botuporã Supersynthem with its correspond https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-contact-between-volcanic-rocks-of-the-algodao-3qyx5z77.png Fig. 7. (A) Contact between volcanic rocks of the Algodão Synthem (AS) and conglomerate Cc photomicrographs of volcanic lithofacies: (C) volcanic quartz crystal with internal cracks in a fine in a fine-grained groundmass of volcaniclastic rock (cross-polarized light); (E) partially resorbed, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-schematic-cartoon-showing-the-evolution-of-the-two-311idmhl.png Fig. 11. Schematic cartoon showing the evolution of the two superposed rifting phases (the Algodão and Sapiranga rifts) and related Statherian plutonic (Lagoa Real) and volcanic (São Simão) activity most southerly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lithofacies-from-the-sapiranga-synthem-a-graded-29a9iyb1.png Fig. 5. Lithofacies from the Sapiranga Synthem. (A) Graded conglomerate Cmwith massive san lithofacies; (C) interlayered mudstone–sandstone succession (SP); (D) low-angle tangential cr https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-geotectonic-hypothetical-model-to-explain-2lmozsmx.png Fig. 13. The geotectonic hypothetical model to explain intracontinental rifting during the Stath Columbia supercontinent as conceptualized by Hou et al. (2008a). The localization of the sever several authors believe that they made part of a single mega-continent soon after Rhyacian or https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-depositional-process-and-depositional-systems-2rcointq.png Table 2 Depositional process and depositional systems interpreted for the facies associations described https://scispace.com/papers/constraints-on-the-very-high-energy-emission-from-bl-29mdksh5s7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-parameters-379p531j.png TABLE 4 Analysis Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-cuts-h7igy7y3.png TABLE 3 Analysis Cuts https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-30-upper-limits-scaled-to-300-gev-compared-with-29h5fe43.png TABLE 9 The 30 Upper Limits Scaled to 300 GeV Compared with the Flux Estimates of Costamante & Ghisellini (2002), Where Available https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-observation-results-for-each-object-for-each-nujg0s9h.png TABLE 5 The Observation Results for Each Object, for Each Observing Period during Which It Was Observed https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-flux-upper-limits-for-each-object-1lx0iy09.png TABLE 8 Flux Upper Limits for Each Object https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-observation-results-for-the-three-detected-bl-lac-3g3doktj.png TABLE 6 Observation Results for the Three Detected BL Lac Objects That Were Originally Observed as Part of This Survey https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-significance-of-the-deficit-or-excess-in-the-detected-1aj8qrm3.png Fig. 2.—Significance of the deficit or excess in the detected count rate from each of the 29 BL Lac objects for each season during which they were observed. This distribution has a mean of 0.005 and standard deviation of 0.976. The black curve shows the expected shape if the significances were normally distributed. This curve fits the data at the 95% confidence level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-bl-lac-objects-2e8u09wx.png TABLE 1 Observed BL Lac Objects https://scispace.com/papers/constructing-a-class-of-topological-solitons-in-7idmo30wuk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-topological-solitons-in-mhd-with-np-1-and-a-nt-2-3f50n5s8.png FIG. 2. (Color) Topological solitons in MHD with np = 1 and (a) nt = 2, (b) nt = 3, and (c) nt = 4. A single magnetic field line fills out each of the linked, toroidal surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-one-lobe-of-the-field-configuration-for-np-1-and-y9qedzpo.png FIG. 1. (Color) One lobe of the field configuration for np = 1 and nt = 2. (a) A single, closed core magnetic field line. (b) The core field line is surrounded by nested toroidal surfaces, shown in cross section. (c) A complete magnetic surface filled entirely by one field line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-the-magnetic-surfaces-for-nt-1-and-a-np-2-b-np-3-2twhua2t.png FIG. 3. (Color) The magnetic surfaces for nt = 1 and (a) np = 2, (b) np = 3, and (c) np = 4. Solutions with np = 1 have zero angular momentum and are therefore not stable solitons. The magnetic field lines in each lobe wind in opposite directions, represented by the red and blue surfaces. https://scispace.com/papers/constructing-weighted-argumentation-framework-with-cognitive-4hxoimo57m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-waf-1eirscpe.png Figure 3. An example of WAF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-corresponding-arguments-and-attack-relations-1hpeb3ve.png Figure 4. The corresponding arguments and attack relations obtained from the influence between two concepts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-waf-associated-to-the-cognitive-map-119txgvz.png Figure 5. The WAF associated to the cognitive map https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cognitive-map-defined-on-the-value-set-3-3-33h7yijg.png Figure 1. A cognitive map defined on the value set [-3,+3] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-sub-waf-associated-to-the-observation-o1-anqaw1uv.png Figure 6. The sub-WAF associated to the observation O1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-sub-waf-associated-to-the-observation-o2-3tpuaj3u.png Figure 7. The sub-WAF associated to the observation O2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-af-1avvaidm.png Figure 2. An example of AF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-an-example-of-the-waf-obtained-from-two-concepts-33vt8x9d.png Figure 8. An example of the WAF obtained from two concepts with circular influence relation. https://scispace.com/papers/constructivist-approach-to-information-security-awareness-in-28m7qud8ex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-employee-attitude-survey-15zadcp0.png Fig. 1. Employee Attitude Survey https://scispace.com/papers/construction-strategy-of-wireless-sensor-networks-with-3brw3ucqao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-developed-wireless-sensor-node-3ij1a9du.png Fig. 5. Developed wireless sensor node https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-experimental-results-of-measured-rssi-and-throughput-3ui03vbc.png Fig. 10. Experimental results of measured RSSI and throughput https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gathering-disaster-area-information-by-utilizing-rm4akxd9.png Fig. 1. Gathering disaster area information by utilizing wireless sensor networks and rescue robot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-constructing-method-of-wireless-sensor-networks-by-v3lq0rls.png Fig. 3. Constructing method of wireless sensor networks by utilizing rescue robot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-existing-approach-of-wireless-tele-operation-1r42yena.png Fig. 2. Existing approach of wireless tele-operation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-workflow-of-sn-deployment-method-3g6nrwbi.png Fig. 4. Workflow of SN deployment method https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-specification-of-wireless-sensor-node-1wavm8b0.png TABLE I. SPECIFICATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NODE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-environment-fqypjf0q.png Fig. 8. Experimental environment https://scispace.com/papers/consumer-responses-to-corporate-social-responsibility-csr-g7ugwhvkxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-framework-1rhzrv3t.png FIGURE 1: Conceptual Framework https://scispace.com/papers/contact-mechanics-for-poroelastic-fluid-filled-media-with-37irkrkwkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-surface-roughness-power-spectrum-c-q-as-a-function-1uhv18mz.png FIG. 5. The surface roughness power spectrum C(q) as a function of the wavenumber q (log-log scale). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-for-a-poroelastic-solid-the-negative-fluid-pressure-186c6vtp.png FIG. 11. For a poroelastic solid, the negative fluid pressure at the leading edge of the confined fluid will result in a flow of fluid from the poroelastic solid into the space between the solids, which will reduce the tendency for the gap between the solids to close the front edge of contact. This will reduce the friction and wear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-a-solid-contact-pressure-psolid-and-b-the-area-of-1tkfzh62.png FIG. 8. The (a) solid contact pressure psolid and (b) the area of contact A (in units of the nominal contact area A0), as a function of the logarithm of time t. For a rigid rectangular strip (width w = 2 cm) squeezed in a fluid (viscosity η = 1 Pa s) against a solid with the surface roughness power spectrum shown in Fig. 5. The squeezing pressure is applied at t = 0 and increases linearly with time during the first 0.01 s to its final value p = 1 MPa. The red and green lines are for an elastic solid with the elastic modulus E = 1 MPa, and the pink lines are for a poroelastic solid where the elastic network has the modulus E = 1 MPa. The green line is obtained with the pressure flow factor φp = 1, while the red and pink lines are with the pressure flow factor shown in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-pressure-flow-factor-php-as-a-function-of-the-2eeza5qw.png FIG. 6. The pressure flow factor φp as a function of the average interfacial separation u (in units of the rms-roughness amplitude hrms = 10 µm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-porous-fluid-filled-elastic-material-2b7cimj0.png FIG. 2. Porous, fluid filled elastic material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-average-interfacial-separation-as-a-function-of-2thre24c.png FIG. 7. The average interfacial separation as a function of time (log-log scale). For a rigid rectangular strip (width w = 2 cm) squeezed in a fluid (viscosity η = 1 Pa s) against a solid with the surface roughness power spectrum shown in Fig. 5. The squeezing pressure is applied at t = 0 and increases linearly with time during the first 0.01 s to its final value p = 1 MPa. The red and green lines are for an elastic solid with the elastic modulus E = 1 MPa, and the pink line is for a poroelastic solid where the elastic network has the modulus E = 1 MPa. The green line is obtained with the pressure flow factor φp = 1, while the red and pink lines are with the pressure flow factor shown in Fig. 6. The blue line is for rigid solids with flat surfaces (no surface roughness). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-an-animal-joint-b-a-rigid-porous-membrane-filter-2brxt2ws.png FIG. 1. (a) An animal joint. (b) A rigid porous membrane (filter) squeezed against a cartilage. The pore channels in the filter are large enough so that there is negligible resistance to fluid flow in the filter. In Refs. 13 and 14, the fluid squeeze-out from the cartilage was studies as a function of time and was used to determine the cartilage effective elastic modulus and fluid diffusive resistance, and to test the applicability of the biphasic theory for the cartilage. (c) Fluid squeeze-out studied in this paper. A rigid compact solid with a randomly rough surface is squeezed against a poroelastic solid. The fluid flow at the interface between the solids in a complex system of narrow channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-pressure-in-the-asperity-contact-region-generates-1gxzri5b.png FIG. 3. The pressure in the asperity contact region generates a fluid pressure gradient in the porous material which forces the fluid to flow into empty or low-pressure fluid filled regions at the interface. The fluid-filled regions will carry a part of the external load and also acts as a lubricant at the onset of slip. https://scispace.com/papers/contact-state-determination-for-robotic-based-cylindrical-3fpy1wcyyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forces-on-contact-plane-1lfjzfdz.png Figure 3. Forces on contact plane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-behaviour-of-dvalue-for-two-point-contact-2ch22x6l.png Figure 8. Behaviour of dvalue for two point contact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-behaviour-of-dvalue-for-single-point-contact-125xlibv.png Figure 6. Behaviour of dvalue for single point contact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-behaviour-of-dvalue-for-line-contact-2krn5m9d.png Figure 7. Behaviour of dvalue for line contact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-contact-forces-during-two-point-contact-22h940g4.png Figure 9. Contact forces during two point contact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-cgsld10v.png Figure 1. Experimental setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-moment-comparison-for-two-point-contact-3mqvle1y.png Figure 10. Moment comparison for two point contact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cylindrical-pair-with-two-point-contact-l4l0681v.png Figure 2. Cylindrical pair with two point contact https://scispace.com/papers/contact-with-an-ex-partner-is-associated-with-psychological-1429hmvvxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-bivariate-correlations-of-o5ua0otk.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Correlations of Study Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-association-between-within-person-withex-2opfd1ky.png Figure 1. Predicted association between Within-Person WithEx (lagged) and SRPD as a function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-magnitude-of-change-in-srpd-associated-3lyeuf5q.png Figure 2. Relative magnitude of change in SRPD associated with 1 SD increase in each of the https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unstandardized-regression-coefficients-from-models-1wtmal6d.png Table 3. Unstandardized Regression Coefficients from Models Predicting Lagged SRPD https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unstandardized-regression-coefficients-from-models-2hymy5lc.png Table 2. Unstandardized Regression Coefficients from Models Predicting Concurrent SRPD https://scispace.com/papers/contemporary-trends-in-imaging-test-utilization-for-prostate-27jafh727g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-staging-test-utilization-rates-in-groups-before-and-b1asknnr.png TABLE 2. Staging test utilization rates in groups before and after June 1997 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographic-and-clinical-factors-predictive-of-test-2i2wggbn.png TABLE 3. Demographic and clinical factors predictive of test utilization https://scispace.com/papers/context-preserving-xquery-fusion-1iqbgeti32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-annotated-xquery-1olo0hdw.png Fig. 4. Annotated XQuery https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fusion-by-partial-evaluation-312r6qkt.png Fig. 5. Fusion by partial evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-semantics-of-xquery-using-the-simple-xml-store-2t37ql3j.png Fig. 2. Semantics of XQuery using the simple XML store https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dewey-code-propagation-1i3injia.png Fig. 6. Dewey code propagation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-source-xml-s-left-xquery-expression-em-middle-and-the-bmuk5ssc.png Fig. 1. Source XML: S (left). XQuery expression: em (middle) and the serialized result: T (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-simple-example-for-the-document-order-in-element-1hv41vpa.png Fig. 3. A simple example for the document order in element creations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fusion-rules-for-three-kinds-of-axis-3dwddmn6.png Fig. 7. Fusion rules for three kinds of axis https://scispace.com/papers/context-classifier-for-service-robots-14j2v5nwuj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confusion-matrix-3tobqq5p.png Table 2. Confusion Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-detailed-performance-measures-14yfibuu.png Table 3. Detailed performance measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-confusion-matrix-from-the-mixed-testing-path-1gkhibty.png Table 4. Confusion Matrix from the mixed testing path https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-holos-mixed-testing-path-18hxkaa7.png Fig. 3. Holos mixed testing path https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-context-models-in-robotic-systems-their-34g239sq.png Table 1. Overview of context models in robotic systems their application purpose https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-detailed-performance-measures-1c520dfb.png Table 5. Detailed performance measures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reliability-context-integration-architecture-u6ykzuqg.png Fig. 1. Reliability context integration architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bayes-network-1hbzed8z.png Fig. 2. Bayes Network https://scispace.com/papers/context-dependent-changes-in-functional-connectivity-of-41c93qkk46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-increased-functional-connectivity-of-bilateral-stg-ty2cvwmu.png Figure 1. Increased functional connectivity of bilateral STG for Action Color words as compared with Abstract words (all voxels surviving the threshold of p < .005, k > 65). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-brain-regions-showing-significantly-more-functional-2ocz5lwr.png Table 5. Brain Regions Showing Significantly More Functional Connectivity with the Left FFG for Action/Color Words in the Action Context versus the Color Context and for Action/Color Words in the Color Context versus the Action Context ( p < .005, k > 65) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-brain-regions-showing-significantly-more-functional-1c3r7cm5.png Table 2. Brain Regions Showing Significantly More Functional Connectivity with the Bilateral STG for Action/Color, Action, Color than for Abstract Words ( p < .005, k > 65) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-increased-functional-connectivity-of-bilateral-1bbqkh9m.png Figure 2. (A) Increased functional connectivity of bilateral STG for Action Color words in the action context as compared with Abstract words in the action context (all voxels surviving the threshold of p < .005, k > 65). (B) Increased functional connectivity of bilateral STG for Action Color words in the color context as compared with Abstract words in the color context (all voxels surviving the threshold of p < .005, k > 65). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-brain-regions-showing-significantly-more-functional-uzapnhvq.png Table 4. Brain Regions Showing Significantly More Functional Connectivity with the Bilateral STG for Action/Color Words in the Action Context versus the Color Context and for Action/Color Words in the Color Context versus the Action Context ( p < .005, k > 65) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-increased-functional-connectivity-of-the-left-ffg-2eo1zaaa.png Figure 5. Increased functional connectivity of the left FFG for Action Color words in the color context as compared with Action Color words in the action context (all voxels surviving the threshold of p < .005, k > 65). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-increased-functional-connectivity-of-bilateral-stg-8xpauq47.png Figure 3. Increased functional connectivity of bilateral STG for Action Color words in the action context as compared with Action Color words in the color context (in red); increased functional connectivity of bilateral STG for Action Color words in the color context as compared with Action Color words in the action context (in blue; all voxels surviving the threshold of p < .005, k > 65). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-brain-regions-showing-significantly-more-functional-1fvra45m.png Table 3. Brain Regions Showing Significantly More Functional Connectivity with the Bilateral STG for Action/Color than for Abstract Words for the Action and Color Context ( p < .005, k > 65) https://scispace.com/papers/contextual-determinants-of-employee-entrepreneurial-behavior-3855cy8c2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-key-empirical-studies-on-employee-253j7ar6.png Table 1: Overview of Key Empirical Studies on Employee Entrepreneurial Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-methodological-and-conceptual-characteristics-of-key-aspmk791.png Table 2: Methodological and Conceptual Characteristics of Key Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contextual-determinants-of-employee-entrepreneurial-32bsm9eg.png Table 3: Contextual Determinants of Employee Entrepreneurial Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthesis-of-key-slr-findings-and-directions-for-2d6zytqg.png Figure 1: Synthesis of Key SLR Findings and Directions for Future Research https://scispace.com/papers/continuity-and-change-the-planning-and-management-of-long-kdvei8cvc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-official-long-distance-routes-ldrs-in-scotland-3n6ruosi.png Figure 1: Official long distance routes (LDRs) in Scotland https://scispace.com/papers/contextual-fear-conditioning-in-zebrafish-3kh8hb9pnr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-contextual-tank-discrimination-in-tu-and-tl-iwnspil4.png Figure 7. Contextual (tank) discrimination in Tu and TL zebrafish. Behavior during testing in Tu (A, B) and TL (C, D) fish in Tank A or Tank B with second-by-second differences from baseline (left) and differences from baseline over the 2.5 min of the test session (right) in distance traveled. Semitransparent lines are average second-by-second data. Solid lines are the result of a local polynomial regression fit with 95% confidence interval for the fit (gray ribbons). (*) P < 0.05, compared with testing in Tank B, (^) P < 0.05 compared with a difference of zero, n’s = 33–36. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-20-um-mk-801-administration-after-2a44a7ip.png Figure 3. The effect of 20 µM MK-801 administration after training on contextual fear conditioning. (A) Averaged second-by-second differences from baseline in distance traveled during testing in contextual fear conditioning in fish administered vehicle or MK-801. (B) Differences from baseline in distance traveled over the first 2.5 min of testing of fear conditioning. (C) Differences from baseline in distance traveled over the first 2.5 min of testing for fish administered vehicle or MK-801 after training and exposed to the tank specificity paradigm (Fig. 2A). Semitransparent lines are average second-by-second data. Solid lines are the result of a local polynomial regression fit with 95% confidence interval for the fit (gray ribbons). (*) P < 0.05 compared with MK-801-treated fish or as indicated, n’s = 18–19 (A,B), n’s = 16–18 (C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contextual-tank-discrimination-in-adult-zebrafish-a-2k8dpzgg.png Figure 2. Contextual (tank) discrimination in adult zebrafish. (A) Scheme indicating the behavioral procedure used to test for tank discrimination. (B) Averaged second-by-second differences from baseline in distance traveled during testing in contextual fear conditioning in either tank A or tank B. (C ) Differences from baseline in distance traveled over the first 2.5 min of the test session. Semitransparent lines are average second-by-second data. Solid lines are the result of a local polynomial regression fit with 95% confidence interval for the fit (gray ribbons). (*) P < 0.05 compared with testing in Tank B, (^) P < 0.05 compared with a difference of zero, n’s = 30. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-different-retention-delays-on-contextual-37q8mevs.png Figure 4. Effect of different retention delays on contextual fear conditioning in adult zebrafish. Fish were tested after a delay of 7 (A), 14 (B), 21 (C), or 28 (D) days following training. Second-by-second differences from baseline in distance traveled during the entire test (left) and during the first 2.5 min of testing (right). Semitransparent lines are average second-by-second data. Solid lines are the result of a local polynomial regression fit with 95% confidence interval for the fit (gray ribbons). (*) P < 0.05, (†) P < 0.10 compared with unshocked fish, n’s = 19–21. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-extinction-of-contextual-fear-conditioning-in-adult-zitsw2o7.png Figure 5. Extinction of contextual fear conditioning in adult zebrafish. (A) Second-by-second differences from baseline in distance traveled during each of four successive days of testing following training in contextual fear conditioning. (B) Differences from baseline in distance traveled over the first 2.5 min of four successive days of testing following training in contextual fear conditioning. Semitransparent lines are average second-by-second data. Solid lines are the result of a local polynomial regression fit with 95% confidence interval for the fit (gray ribbons). (*) P < 0.05, (†) P < 0.10, n’s = 31–32. https://scispace.com/papers/continental-interior-and-edge-breakup-at-convergent-margins-2kemc4zd3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-conceptual-models-of-the-contrasting-continental-4oermwyk.png Figure 7. Conceptual models of the contrasting continental breakup modes (a–c) and area diagram summarizing the models in terms of breakup types as a function of subduction duration and age of the oceanic lithosphere (d). (a) Typical subduction zone, in which the upper plate is divided into continental edge and interior according to whether they are located directly above the slab‐lithosphere interface. (b, c) Illustration of the breakup of the continental interior and edge, respectively. (d) The dashed line marks the threshold values indicating the transformation from continental edge to interior breakup. The shadow area denotes the conditions under which both breakup modes at a given age can be expected by varying the subduction duration. CUC: continental upper crust; CLC: continental lower crust; LM: lithospheric mantle; AM: asthenospheric mantle; OC: oceanic crust. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observations-in-the-south-china-sea-region-a-x3g6h3cn.png Figure 1. Observations in the South China Sea region. (a) Bathymetry map and the imprint of the late Mesozoic volcanic arc in the SCS region. The imprint of the late Mesozoic volcanic arc shows that the Cenozoic opening of the SCS basins has broken the continental interior in the west and the continental edge in the east (Li, Sun, & Yang, 2018). (b and c) Crustal velocity structures beneath the southwestern and northeastern margin (Nissen et al., 1995; Qiu et al., 2011). For more crustal structures in SCS, please refer to OBS2001 in Zhao et al. (2010) and OBS2006 in Wei et al. (2011). (d) Tomographic section indicating a subhorizontal fast slab anomaly (the PSCS north slab) under the east SCS (Sun et al., 2019; Wu & Suppe, 2018). DG: Dangerous Grounds (Nansha). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-group-1-oceanic-lithospheric-age-of-10-1srs6zq4.png Figure 4. Evolution of Group 1. Oceanic lithospheric age of 10 Ma and subduction duration (SD) of (a) 4 (Model 1), (b) 6 (Model 2), (c) 8 (Model 3), and (d) 10 Myr (Model 4). The inset colors show the second invariant of the strain rate (as in the color bar). White lines are isotherms in °C. Black arrows denote the calculated velocity field. The colors of rock types are as in Figure 2. Circle denotes the continental edge breakup mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-group-3-oceanic-lithospheric-age-of-30-2k9th3r3.png Figure 6. Evolution of Group 3. Oceanic lithospheric age of 30 Ma and subduction duration (SD) of (a) 4 (Model 9), (b) 6 (Model 10), (c) 8 (Model 11), and (d) 10 Myr (Model 12). The inset colors show the second invariant of the strain rate (as in the colorbar). White lines are isotherms in °C. Black arrows denote the calculated velocity field. The colors of rock types are as in Figure 2. Circle and square denote the continental edge and interior breakup mode, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-map-of-the-horizontal-gradient-of-the-bouguer-38ll6gez.png Figure 9. Map of the horizontal gradient of the Bouguer anomaly in the SCS region without (a) and with (b) interpretation and (c) the numerical models used for comparison. High‐amplitude anomaly belts paralleling to the South China continental margin are numbered. The region of the Crocker‐Palawan complex is modified after Hutchison (2004). The free‐air gravity anomaly data are obtained from the satellite‐derived field produced by Sandwell et al. (2014). Terrain corrections for Bouguer gravity anomalies are derived from 1′ ×1′ resolution ETOPO1 model (Amante & Eakins, 2009). Nansha Trough (NW Borneo trough), Nansha (Dangerous Grounds). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-group-2-oceanic-lithospheric-age-of-20-1olirmuq.png Figure 5. Evolution of Group 2. Oceanic lithospheric age of 20 Ma and subduction duration (SD) of (a) 4 (Model 5), (b) 6 (Model 6), (c) 8 (Model 7), and (d) 10 Myr (Model 8). The inset colors show the second invariant of the strain rate (as in the colorbar). White lines are isotherms in °C. Black arrows denote the calculated velocity field. The colors of rock types are as in Figure 2. Circle and square denote the continental edge and interior breakup mode, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plate-reconstructions-of-the-scs-region-the-3s9agih1.png Figure 2. Plate reconstructions of the SCS region. The schematic of the process of subduction direction reversal in plane (a–b) and in profile (c–f) (summarized after Hall, 2002; Holloway, 1982; Li et al., 2014; Li, Sun, & Zhang, 2018; Pautot et al., 1986; Sun et al., 2009, 2019; Wu & Suppe, 2018). (HN: Hainan; MB: Zhongsha Bank [Macclesfield Bank]; PI: Xisha Islands [Paracel Islands]; RB: Reed Bank; BO: Borneo; DG: Nansha [Dangerous Grounds]; TW: Taiwan; PN: Palawan; SCS: South China Sea). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sketch-map-showing-the-proportion-of-the-proto-scs-7ttcan3u.png Figure 8. Sketch map showing the proportion of the Proto‐SCS (PSCS) subducting toward the northwest and southeast with oceanic ages of ~15–45Ma. In the northwest dipping subduction (red line), a larger portion of the PSCS has been subducted beneath the western South China margin compared to that beneath the eastern South China margin. The dashed line divides the PSCS into northwestern and southeastern slabs, which have been subducted beneath the South China block (along the red line) and Sarawak/Sabah (along the green line), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/continuous-activity-planning-for-continuous-traffic-1zhci69ffz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-function-plots-showing-the-development-of-utility-u73vyn8d.png FIGURE 1 Function plots showing the development of utility and need levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-the-influence-of-calibration-ytzl1vwl.png FIGURE 7 Illustration of the influence of calibration mechanisms to the behavior of agents. Samples are generated over a simulation period of 100 equal weeks. Please note that y-axes have different scales and that scales change in Fig. 7(e). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-visualization-of-the-must-do-violation-check-1zevj945.png FIGURE 6 Visualization of the must do violation check https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-components-of-our-model-and-their-interdependencies-1uermd95.png FIGURE 2 Components of our model and their interdependencies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-postponement-considerations-for-the-2zhqk012.png FIGURE 5 Illustration of postponement considerations for the current and the next execution window https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-different-need-increase-rates-pi2rwcf6.png FIGURE 4 Different need increase rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-execution-periods-modeling-shop-opening-hours-and-2yys6htl.png FIGURE 3 Execution periods modeling shop opening hours and flexible working hours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-empirical-performance-analysis-of-our-code-samples-1gzs1qpb.png FIGURE 8 Empirical performance analysis of our code. Samples are generated over a simulation period of 100 equal days https://scispace.com/papers/continuous-flow-synthesis-of-morpholines-and-oxazepanes-with-47vcmd4ahd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reaction-optimization-using-the-flow-reactora-1vfcj2p3.png Table 1. Reaction optimization using the flow reactora https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gram-scale-synthesis-of-3-3-bromophenyl-morpholine-19vkl7ic.png Figure 2. Gram-scale synthesis of 3-(3-bromophenyl)morpholine) hydrochloride; the SLAP reagent (1.00 equiv) was condensed with the aldehyde (1.00 equiv) and cyclized. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proposed-catalytic-cycle-for-the-cyclization-of-re9zacon.png Figure 3. Proposed catalytic cycle for the cyclization of SLAP reagents20; M = TMS+ or H+ https://scispace.com/papers/continuously-varying-coupled-transmission-lines-applied-to-5acusjrx8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variations-of-odd-and-even-impedance-values-2nasmsk6.png Figure 4 : Variations of odd and even impedance values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-transmission-parameter-of-the-third-order-filter-2x9hiv4e.png Figure 7 : Transmission parameter of the third order filter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-line-section-and-characteristic-impedance-kbksk0nf.png Figure 1 : Line section and characteristic impedance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-configuration-of-two-cascaded-resonators-1gjdvmve.png Figure 3 : Configuration of two cascaded resonators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nonuniform-coupled-transmission-lines-3t66mscy.png Figure 2 : Nonuniform coupled transmission lines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-order-one-filter-with-compensated-velocity-a-2yw8u2yd.png Figure 5 : Order one filter with compensated velocity (a) Microstrip profile - (b) Frequency responses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-return-losses-of-the-third-order-filter-313j9cmu.png Figure 8 : Return losses of the third order filter https://scispace.com/papers/continuous-pain-report-demonstrates-time-delay-of-pain-40ygjetkxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-participants-samples-3r54bhj2.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics for Participants Samples & Psychological Testing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-a-equipment-setup-b-study-stages-6f4obg9f.png Figure 1. Experimental Setup. A. Equipment setup; B. Study stages; C. Acquired measures at each study stage. VAS – visual analogue scale; TES – transcutaneous electrical stimulator; ACR’90/’10 – American College of Rheumatology Criteria for fibromyalgia diagnosis from 1990 and 2010; SF-MPQ – Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire; STHR – sensory threshold; PTHR – pain threshold; PTOL – pain tolerance; PRAN – pain range; TS/Aμ – average pain rating during temporal summation/adaptation; TS/Amax – maximal pain rating during TS/A; Amin – minimal pain rating during A. Stimulator image is supplied by manufacturer (Digitimer Ltd., UK) and sitting position image from Dimensions.Guide. Reproduced from respective sources with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-marginal-means-15mx24yi.png Table 4. Estimated Marginal Means. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-values-ma-for-psychophysical-measures-351d2j7n.png Table 3. Average Values (mA) for Psychophysical Measures & Stimulation Levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-trajectory-of-continuous-pain-ratings-per-3ekdblyv.png Figure 3. Average Trajectory of Continuous Pain Ratings per Stimulation Condition. https://scispace.com/papers/contour-pocketing-computation-using-mathematical-morphology-3tqopsn07s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contour-pocketing-examples-using-toroidal-tools-with-ab4u5k6o.png Fig. 6. Contour pocketing examples using toroidal tools with the rotating axe parallel to surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contour-pocketing-using-a-free-form-tool-and-a-one-1o9wennp.png Fig. 4. Contour pocketing using a free form tool and a one radius tool. In a), a cylindrical tool producing a rectangular pocketing is shown. On the right, a comparative example: In b), the rectangle shape is machined correctly. In c), shaded regions are not machined because of the use of a one radius tool in classical pocketing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-different-machining-tools-that-could-be-used-in-tool-2q1uqpjx.png Fig. 5 Different machining tools that could be used in tool paths as shown in figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-contour-pocketing-using-the-morphological-approach-37i93y63.png Fig. 11. Contour pocketing using the morphological approach (left) and the commercial library (right). The library does not detect the two segments that are almost parallel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-raw-offset-of-a-curve-local-self-intersections-in-1-zn8y4buh.png Fig. 1. a) Raw offset of a curve. Local self-intersections in 1 and discontinuities in 2 will clash with part curve in shaded regions if it were machined. b) Offset after trimming selfintersections and avoiding the discontinuity. If this offset is used as a tool compensated trajectory, machined surface will differ from the original in 3 due to curve curvature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-contour-pocketing-using-the-morphological-approach-a-sv5vgiqf.png Fig. 10. Contour pocketing using the morphological approach. a) Pocketing with a one radius tool (e.g. spherical tool). b) Pocketing with a rectangular tool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-offset-of-curves-using-the-morphological-approach-a-32j3eyvw.png Fig. 9. Offset of curves using the morphological approach. a) Offset with a one radius tool (e.g. spherical tool). b) Offset with a rectangular tool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-toroidal-tools-with-polygonal-section-1udxeatx.png Fig. 14. Toroidal tools with polygonal section https://scispace.com/papers/contract-driven-implementation-of-choreographies-hhjm4r4lqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-choreography-semantics-2l7mo62o.png Table 1. Choreography semantics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contract-semantics-uibz15ui.png Table 2. Contract semantics https://scispace.com/papers/contrast-enhanced-ultrasound-to-predict-the-risk-of-2vp3r2o1tg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-contrast-enhancement-of-a-carotid-vulnerable-plaque-bipjfnpk.png Fig. 1 a Contrast enhancement of a carotid vulnerable plaque (dashed line region of interest ROI). b Analysis of the same plaque with Quontrast® above a color map representing in red the area of higer enhancement and in green the area of lower enhancement, below computer assisted evaluation of CEUS pattern with SI max and SI mean calculation. c, d Comparison between pre- and post-procedural DW-MRI of the same patient showing new microembolization areas (red arrows) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-and-cardiovascular-risk-factors-of-2m7uggjd.png Table 1 Characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors of the study population divided between patients who developed post procedural cerebral ischemic injury (Microembolization+) and those without post-procedural ischemic injury (Microembolization−) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-study-between-patients-who-developed-2tp95qe2.png Table 2 Results of the study between patients who developed post procedural cerebral ischemic injury (Microembolization+) and those without post-procedural ischemic injury (Microembolization−) https://scispace.com/papers/contrasting-structural-patterns-of-the-mesozooplankton-2fmoye5yi0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-from-pca-performed-on-community-and-3l6ybx30.png Figure 8. Results from PCA performed on community and physical descriptors of the 442 mesozooplankton community of SJG. Normalized eigenvectors 1 and 2 (78.5% of the total 443 variance). Circle of correlation (radius = 1) is displayed. Continuous black and grey arrows 444 represent active and supplementary variables, respectively. Cope: Copepod biomass; Deca: 445 Decapod biomass; Clad: Cladoceran biomass; Chae: Chaetognath biomass; b: slope of the 446 size spectra; SST: sea surface temperature; Chl-a: chlorophyll-a concentration; |µ|: absolute 447 horizontal tidal circulation velocity; Dep: depth; DM: distance to the gulf´s mouth. 448 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temporal-and-spatial-variability-of-physical-and-zjyvp0bs.png Figure 5. Temporal and spatial variability of physical and mesozooplankton community 369 descriptors from San José Gulf. For physical descriptors, the two clusters of stations coincide 370 with the hydrographic east and west domains (Amoroso et al., 2011). For community 371 descriptors, the two clusters of stations correspond to month-aggregated data from the cluster 372 analysis. For simplicity, in both cases clusters are referred to as from the West and East. 373 Each horizontal bar in physical descriptor plots indicates a homogeneous group from Dunn´s 374 test. Symbols and vertical whiskers denote median and inter-quartile range respectively. In 375 community descriptor plots, each horizontal bar indicates a homogeneous group using 376 Tukey´s HSD test, while symbols and vertical whiskers denote mean and 95% confidence 377 intervals respectively. Vertical bars indicate differences between clusters. 378 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatiotemporal-patterns-of-the-total-7z54an5g.png Figure 2. Spatiotemporal patterns of the total mesozooplankton biomass and SST. 310 Size circles refer to total biomass (mg m-3), dashed lines represent SST isolines (in ⁰C) and 311 darker tones indicate higher SST. 312 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-groups-of-sampling-stations-based-on-two-k-means-1f5dhn71.png Figure 4. Groups of sampling stations based on two K-means clustering of physical 336 and community descriptors. Left panel shows clusters based on physical descriptors for each 337 month and for all months together (A and B, respectively). Right panel shows clusters based 338 on community descriptors for each month and for all months together (C and D, respectively). 339 The dashed line indicates the approximate location of the boundary between hydrographic 340 WD and ED according to Amoroso et al. (2011). 341 https://scispace.com/papers/contribution-of-the-transport-sector-to-climate-change-24q8zqtqu8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-structure-of-asia-pacific-integrated-model-1gb4q6hv.png Figure 2. The structure of Asia-Pacific Integrated Model/Transport (AIM/Transport) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-parameter-a-in-the-regression-results-3icqk1wp.png Table 3. Estimated parameter a in the regression results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-projected-energy-use-a-and-ghg-emissions-b-1f4q1ida.png Figure 10. Projected energy use (a) and GHG emissions (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-region-wise-mean-absolute-percentage-error-mape-of-2uf4gz84.png Figure 4. Region-wise Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) (%) of the business as usual (BaU) scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regional-mean-fuel-wise-mean-absolute-percentage-kdlxixc4.png Table 2. Regional mean fuel-wise Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) (%) of the business as usual (BaU) scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transport-related-energy-consumption-in-asia-1knxenjc.png Figure 3. Transport-related energy consumption in Asia-pacific Integrated Model /Computable General Equilibrium (AIM/CGE) and AIM/Transport before (a) and after (b) coupling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-travel-demand-in-asia-pacific-integrated-model-2hzeeh8f.png Figure 6. Travel demand in Asia-pacific Integrated Model /Computable General Equilibrium (AIM/CGE) with and without coupling with AIM/Transport https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-global-passenger-transport-related-ghg-emission-14se0ltk.png Figure 13. Global passenger transport-related GHG emission trajectories projected by different models https://scispace.com/papers/contributions-of-climate-change-and-groundwaterextraction-to-3f4vaeadgf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-coefficients-a-c-e-g-and-differences-in-ais1tli2.png Figure 1. Correlation coefficients (a, c, e, g) and differences in spatial patterns (b, d, f, h) of the ESA-CCI soil moisture and the corresponding simulated top 10 cm soil moisture from 1979 to 2010. Gray pixels indicate no correlation and negative correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-spatial-distribution-of-linear-trends-for-a-3uy5xxta.png Figure 6. The spatial distribution of linear trends for (a) simulated surface soil moisture (m3 m−3 yr−1) and (b) surface soil moisture from ESA-CCI (m3 m−3 yr−1), (c) simulated deep soil moisture (m3 m−3 yr−1), (d) groundwater extraction (mm yr−1), (e) precipitation (mm yr−1), and (f) temperature (◦C yr−1). The shaded areas represent grids with statistically significant trends (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-soil-moisture-stations-and-three-1bg35f0m.png Figure 2. Distribution of soil moisture stations and three subregions. The are 7 stations on the North China Plain, 15 in the central US, and 1 in Kanpur in northern India). The background is the groundwater (GW) extraction rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-annual-mean-a-surface-soil-moisture-b-deep-soil-1qerwk7p.png Figure 5. Annual mean (a) surface soil moisture, (b) deep soil moisture, (c) precipitation, and (d) temperature averaged globally from 1979 to 2010. ∗ = p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trends-in-new-simulated-surface-soil-moisture-3tyhrxhq.png Table 3. Trends in NEW-simulated surface soil moisture, precipitation, and temperature forcing data. ∗ = p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-relative-contribution-of-gw-extraction-to-2t4hicxq.png Figure 9. The relative contribution of GW extraction to regional (a) surface and (b) deep soil moisture trends (%). North China Plain (34–40◦ N, 110–120◦ E), northern India (23–33◦ N, 68–78◦ E), the central US (33–42◦ N, 97–105◦W). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-relative-contribution-of-groundwater-extraction-2z32caxq.png Figure 8. The relative contribution of groundwater extraction to (a) surface and (b) deep soil moisture trends (%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-taylor-diagrams-illustrating-the-comparisons-among-2dsvv7uh.png Figure 3. Taylor diagrams illustrating the comparisons among GSWP, CRUNCEP, PRINCETON, WFDEI, and in situ observation data. https://scispace.com/papers/contributions-to-the-contact-resistivity-in-fired-tunnel-1pzu4s1jvd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ir-transmission-spectra-of-dsp-and-se-wafer-full-and-1nxpwyke.png Fig. 1: IR transmission spectra of DSP and SE wafer (full and open squares, respectively) and of a sample with a doped SiCx layer on both sides (circles, measured after firing at 770°C). Overlaid lines denote modelling results. The inset shows ellipsometry data (symbols) and fitting results (lines) of the same sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-mobility-vs-carrier-density-of-sicx-b-layers-2twl4la3.png Fig. 2: Optical mobility vs. carrier density of SiCx:B layers fired at different temperatures. Stars refer to undefined firing temperatures due to a calibration error. Arrows denote the saturation concentrations of B in Si at the indicated temperatures [15], the line illustrates the hole mobility limit due to ionised impurity scattering in Si [16]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-implied-voc-vs-carrier-density-f4zbbaw5.png Fig. 6: Implied Voc vs. carrier density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-selected-samples-with-2x1019-2es55muz.png Fig. 4: Temperature dependence of selected samples with 𝑵𝑨 = 2×1019 cm-3 (black squares), 3×1019 cm-3 (red circles), and 5×1019 cm-3 (green triangles). Closed and open symbols refer to HNO3 and O3 oxides, respectively. Thin dashed and dotted lines illustrate the contributions by TFE and TO transport, respectively, the thick lines represent their sum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-proposed-band-diagram-for-a-fired-p-type-passivating-25iz4thw.png Fig. 5: Proposed band diagram for a fired p-type passivating rear contact. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contact-resistivity-vs-carrier-density-error-bars-30s7oi6z.png Fig. 3: Contact resistivity vs. carrier density, error bars denote the standard deviation over three samples. Dotted lines illustrate tunnelling transport across an oxide barrier for the shown extent of the band bending. Dashed lines illustrate the contact resistivity expected for thermionic field emission (TFE), using the shown values for the Schottky barrier. The full line illustrates the sum of both transport processes for intermediate parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/control-of-a-tandem-queue-with-a-startup-cost-for-the-second-1w7dpvwnju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approximation-errors-of-the-technique-2hmgltr4.png Table 1. Approximation errors of the technique. https://scispace.com/papers/control-of-functionalization-of-supports-for-subsequent-21v9wsac38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-micrographs-of-the-surface-of-fluorine-doped-164tm60o.png Figure 3 SEM micrographs of the surface of fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass supports after being silanized with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (left) and further functionalized with glutaraldehyde (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-atomic-concentration-ratio-of-the-chemical-elements-3rkcufcu.png Table 1. Atomic concentration ratio of the chemical elements belonging to the functionalized layer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xps-spectra-n-1-s-of-the-functionalized-fluorine-2sb4mhqa.png Figure 4 XPS spectra (N 1 s) of the functionalized fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates. APTS, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane; GA, glutaraldehyde https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-intensity-of-secondary-ions-positive-and-negative-1ff0f3ni.png Figure 6 Intensity of secondary ions (positive and negative, labelled in the abscissa) as measured with time‐of‐flight secondary ions mass spectrometry and normalized to the total ion intensity in spectrum on functionalized substrates, top: fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, middle: silica glass, bottom: titanium alloy. APTS, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane; GA, glutaraldehyde https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strategy-for-tio2-films-preparation-by-layer-by-h6jtuhc4.png Figure 1 Strategy for TiO2 films preparation by layer‐by‐layer deposition of functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-strategy-for-functionalization-of-the-supports-here-on5sqwgm.png Figure 2 Strategy for functionalization of the supports (here, fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass with 3‐ aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and glutaraldehyde). Potential (under the largest) molecular fragments to be monitored with time‐of‐flight secondary ions mass spectrometry are marked with red https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-auger-electron-spectra-in-differential-3vafdc97.png Figure 5 Auger electron spectra in differential representation for the blank fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate (blue), after functionalization with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) (red), and after further functionalization with glutaraldehyde (GA) (green), measured at 3 locations on each sample https://scispace.com/papers/control-of-the-arc-motion-in-dc-plasma-spray-torch-with-a-3lds6wuhq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-enthalpy-flow-rate-and-mass-flow-rate-for-an-external-7wlszge4.png Fig. 17 Enthalpy flow rate and mass flow rate for an external magnetic field of 0.05 T. Predicted total enthalpy flow rate: 23.7 kJ/s and total mass flow rate: 1.77.10-3 kg/s in the anode exit plane https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plasma-torch-operating-conditions-1o5vqe42.png Table 1: Plasma torch operating conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fluid-and-electromagnetic-equations-and-h-are-the-1oymlact.png Table 2: Fluid and electromagnetic equations. 𝐮 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ and h are the fluid velocity and enthalpy; 𝐉, ?⃗⃗⃗? and ?⃗⃗? are the electric current density, magnetic field and electric field, respectively; 𝛗 and ?⃗⃗? are the electric and magnetic potential, 𝛒, 𝛌, 𝐂𝐩 are the fluid density, thermal conductivity and specific heat, respectively and µ0 is the permeability constant (4π×10−7H·m−1). ?̿? is the shear stress tensor, 𝐉 ∧ ?⃗⃗⃗? the electromagnetic Lorentz force, 𝐐𝐉 the Joule heating and 𝐐𝐫 the radiation loss. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-boundary-conditions-the-number-in-the-first-column-18sc2ruj.png Table 3: Boundary conditions. The number in the first column correspond to the boundaries of the domain shown in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-the-maximum-anode-temperature-with-the-3anjryz5.png Fig. 8 Variation of the maximum anode temperature with the plasma-forming gas injection angle (no external magnetic field) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-variation-of-the-anode-arc-attachment-velocity-with-3rr48alv.png Fig. 7 Variation of the anode arc attachment velocity with the plasma-forming gas injection angle (no external magnetic field) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temperature-of-the-electrodes-with-the-anode-inner-1azclmoe.png Fig. 9 Temperature of the electrodes with the anode inner surface zoomed in. Nozzle Ø = 9 mm, 500 A, 60 NLPM Ar. Straight gas injection, no external magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-self-magnetic-field-generated-by-the-arc-current-2892tj93.png Fig. 11 Self-magnetic field generated by the arc current https://scispace.com/papers/control-theoretical-software-adaptation-a-systematic-4hwq40649r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-f17-controller-purpose-12auhpvl.png Fig. 16: F17: Controller purpose https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-f16-controller-type-vs-f19-software-qualities-xcgtqj62.png Fig. 18: F16: Controller type vs F19: Software qualities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-collected-data-items-sngcnwdj.png TABLE 4: Collected Data items. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-control-theoretical-guarantees-fq7oou7p.png Fig. 6: Control-Theoretical Guarantees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-studies-with-minimum-10-citations-per-year-awu5jtgn.png TABLE 5: Studies with minimum 10 citations per year. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-results-for-different-properties-of-system-models-1qho91i4.png Fig. 10: Results for different properties of system models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sensors-and-actuators-2bwawx42.png Fig. 11: Sensors and Actuators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quality-items-to-assess-the-presentation-quality-of-2m3ce36b.png TABLE 3: Quality items to assess the presentation quality of the studies. https://scispace.com/papers/controlled-evaluation-of-a-physical-activity-intervention-3sh25rqdwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-at-baseline-2dgqx7xu.png Table 2 Descriptive Statistics at Baseline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intervention-effects-at-10-weeks-posttest-p-0-001-13jl1o2v.png Figure 2 — Intervention effects at 10 weeks posttest (p = 0.001). Dashed line indicates control; solid line indicates treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lap-intervention-design-and-sample-fl-ow-3pf8n6n0.png Figure 1 — LAP intervention design and sample fl ow. https://scispace.com/papers/controller-design-for-hybrid-systems-with-nonlinear-sub-5cixmktqfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-details-of-hs-9iaa6epq.png Fig. 3 The details of hσ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-in-simulation-qsvdoa2b.png Table 1 Parameters in simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-results-for-the-plain-hybrid-system-phs-270org6r.png Fig. 4 Simulation results for the plain hybrid system (PHS) without disturbances. (Left) Overall view. (Right) Ranged details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-parameter-updating-in-phs-3n1v9t7l.png Fig. 5 Parameter updating in PHS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-results-for-the-renewed-hybrid-system-rhs-153wfmq9.png Fig. 6 Simulation results for the renewed hybrid system (RHS) without disturbances. (Left) Overall view. (Right) Ranged details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-in-simulation-with-sinusoidal-rw4r1xwm.png Table 2 Parameters in simulation with sinusoidal disturbances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-results-for-the-plain-hybrid-system-phs-zoz594qs.png Fig. 8 Simulation results for the plain hybrid system (PHS) with step disturbances. (Left) Overall view. (Right) Ranged details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-parameter-updating-in-rhs-1h9bvuzl.png Fig. 7 Parameter updating in RHS. https://scispace.com/papers/controlled-growth-of-ni-nanocrystals-on-srtio3-and-their-2n3kre5lsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-growth-of-truncated-pyramid-shaped-supported-ni-1xn9zu22.png Fig. 3 Growth of truncated pyramid shaped supported Ni nanocrystals with high areal density and uniform size distribution. (a) STM image of Ni nanocrystals on a SrTiO3-c(4 2) surface following 4 ML Ni deposition (Vs = +1.0 V, It = 0.3 nA). (b) The size distribution of grown Ni nanocrystals. Here the width of the square base of the Ni particles is measured. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-stm-image-of-truncated-pyramid-shaped-ni-2bpnm8dw.png Fig. 2 (a) STM image of truncated pyramid shaped Ni nanocrystals on a c(4 2) surface after prolonged annealing (Vs = +1.0 V, It = 0.4 nA). (b) A line profile taken through a typical pyramid. The measured parameters l and h are indicated. (c) A 3D model of an fcc truncated pyramid shaped Ni nanocrystal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stm-images-of-the-substrate-before-and-after-ni-9sbaz7c1.png Fig. 1 STM images of the substrate before and after Ni nanocrystal growth. (a) The c(4 2) reconstructed SrTiO3(001) surface (Vs = +1.5 V, It = 0.1 nA). (b) Ni nanocrystals on the c(4 2) surface (Vs = +1.0 V, It = 0.4 nA). https://scispace.com/papers/controller-design-of-multivariable-lti-unknown-systems-50sccc6uke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-turbo-generator-example-open-loop-response-215oxs24.png Figure 6.1: Turbo-Generator Example, Open-Loop Response. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-comparison-example-closed-loop-response-pi-29k7zekt.png Figure 7.2: Comparison Example, Closed-Loop Response PI Controller Input yref = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-schematic-of-marts-setup-zgn0lcoe.png Figure 8.1: Schematic of MARTS setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-possible-transformations-of-the-simplex-a-38ziraqv.png Figure 3.1: Possible transformations of the simplex: (a) reflection, (b) expansion, (c) contraction, and (d) shrinkage [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-the-sequence-of-triangles-tk-converging-to-the-39g8ep9b.png Figure 3.2: The sequence of triangles {Tk} converging to the optimal point for the NelderMead algorithm [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-determination-of-r-and-l-parameters-for-the-2y2lqylg.png Figure 1.1: Determination of R and L parameters for the Ziegler-Nichols step response method [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-pid-parameters-obtained-from-ziegler-nichols-step-1qaozbm1.png Table 1.1: PID parameters obtained from Ziegler-Nichols step-response method [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3-2-linearized-valve-characteristics-obtained-silva8o4.png Figure 8.3-2: Linearized valve characteristics obtained experimentally. https://scispace.com/papers/controlling-currents-through-molecular-wires-u38rl55m5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-averaged-currenti-a-as-a-function-of-the-driving-26khmpv9.png Fig. 2. Time-averaged currentĪ (a) as a function of the driving amplitudeA for a wire with N = 3 sites with on-site energiesEn = 0 and chemical potentialsµR = −µL = 25∆. Theother parameters areΩ = 5∆/ andΓ = 0.5∆. The triangles mark the results obtained within the master equation approach of [22]. Panel (b) displays the FanoF factor for these parameters (full curve) and for a smaller wire–lead coupling (dash–dotted curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-time-average-pha-t-n-n-pha-t-of-the-overlaps-n-pha-1y2wl48d.png Fig. 4. The time average〈〈Φα(t)|n〉〈n|Φα(t)〉〉 of the overlaps|〈n|Φα(t)〉|2 of the sitesn = E,C1,C2 and T (central site) with a Floquet state|Φα(t)〉 for three different polarization anglesϑ . All parameters are as inFig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-molecular-circuit-consisting-ofn-6-sites-of-which-klg8v6v2.png Fig. 1. The molecular circuit consisting ofN = 6 sites of which the sites 1, . . . , L are coupled toL = 4 leads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-currents-through-contacts-c1-solid-and-c2-dg4zdap1.png Fig. 3. Average currents through contacts C1 (solid) and C2 (broken) as a function of the polarization angleϑ for the three-terminal device depicted in the inset. The chemical potentials areµE = −µC1 = −µC2 = 50∆; https://scispace.com/papers/controlling-lateral-buckling-of-subsea-pipeline-with-3tc5ipxjya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-use-of-regular-expansion-bend-in-fairway-field-project-1my6m3ho.png Fig. 6. Use of Regular Expansion Bend in Fairway Field Project (Lanan and Barry, 1992) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-33-longitudinal-strain-for-imperfect-pre-deformed-2cylux7u.png Fig. 33. Longitudinal Strain for Imperfect Pre-Deformed Pipeline and ‘Straight’ Pipeline https://scispace.com/figures/fig-29-lateral-deflection-of-imperfect-pre-deformed-pipeline-ja5iwbu4.png Fig. 29. Lateral Deflection of Imperfect Pre-Deformed Pipeline during the first start-up (SU) and shutdown (SD) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-lateral-deflection-for-perfect-pre-deformed-pipeline-3p21zqw3.png Fig. 17. Lateral Deflection for Perfect Pre-Deformed Pipeline https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fully-restraint-effective-axial-force-of-a-perfectly-bihqnsuv.png Fig. 9. Fully Restraint Effective Axial Force of a Perfectly ‘Straight’ and Pre-Deformed Pipeline with temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-initial-shape-of-perfect-pre-deformed-pipeline-3ssbj3md.png Fig. 14. Initial Shape of Perfect Pre-deformed pipeline https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-initial-shape-of-perfect-pre-deformed-pipeline-two-33ptbfj8.png Fig. 15. Initial Shape of Perfect Pre-deformed pipeline (two lobes in 1:1 scale) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-use-of-sleeper-for-controlling-lateral-buckling-ap6yymyh.png Fig. 2. Use of sleeper for controlling lateral buckling (Kristiansen et al., 2005) https://scispace.com/papers/controlling-ion-transport-through-nanopores-modeling-43w2mdlbpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-total-currents-as-functions-of-pore-length-hpore-for-21z7mfyx.png Fig. 4 (A) Total currents as functions of pore length, Hpore, for various charge patterns with Hn/Hx = 1.0625 kept fixed. The currents are normalized with the values at Hpore = 10 nm. The inset shows the ION/IOFF ratio for the two cases where the ON states are defined either with “−0−” or “−−−”. (B) Concentration profiles of the anions (the charge carriers) for Hpore = 10 nm (black) and Hpore = 25 nm (red) for charge patterns “−+−” (solid) and “−0−” (dashed) as obtained from NP+LEMC simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-currents-in-the-off-state-through-nanopores-with-3efj0csw.png Fig. 3 Currents in the OFF state (“−+−”) through nanopores with varying region lengths. The total length, Hpore = 2Hn +Hx = 10 nm, is kept fixed. The results are shown as functions of Hx. Top panel shows the total current, while the bottom panel shows the cation and anion currents. The inset of the top panel shows the ION/IOFF ratio, where the charge pattern of the ON state is “−−−” (its current is independent of Hx). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-total-normalized-currents-as-functions-of-pore-3vw13srj.png Fig. 5 (A) Total normalized currents as functions of pore radius, Rpore, for various charge patterns for Hn/Hx = 1.0625 and Hpore = 10 nm. The currents are normalized with the values at Rpore = 1 nm. The inset shows the ION/IOFF ratio for the two cases where the ON states are defined either with “−0−” or “− − −”. (B) Ratio of cation concentration profiles in the OFF (“− + −”) and ON (“− − −”) states for different pore radii. (C) Radial concentration profiles of cations for z ≈ 1 nm (at the deepest point of the depletion zone). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-concentration-dependence-of-the-current-in-the-on-2bx0nyhv.png Fig. 6 (A) Concentration dependence of the current in the ON (“− − −”) and OFF (“−+−”) states. The inset shows the ION/IOFF ratio. (B) Ratio of cation concentration profiles in the OFF and ON states for different bulk concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-the-cylindrical-nanopore-that-has-three-t4sm3lpu.png Fig. 1 Schematics of the cylindrical nanopore that has three regions of lengths Hn, Hx, and Hn. These regions carry σn, σx, and σn surface charges, respectively. The radius of the nanopore is Rpore. The simulation cell is larger than this domain of this figure, but also rotationally symmetric; the three-dimensional model is obtained by rotating the figure about the z-axis. The electrolyte inside the pore and on the two sides of the membrane is represented as charged hard sphere ions immersed in a dielectric continuum of dielectric constant ε = 78.5. The dielectric constant is the same everywhere including the interior of the membrane. The PNP model closely mimics this model as described in the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-demonstration-of-the-effect-of-ph-by-plotting-the-1dsb3wis.png Fig. 8 Demonstration of the effect of pH by plotting the current against the “total pore charge” characterizing the asymmetry of the pore’s charge distribution. Assuming that the n and x regions have about equal lengths, this dimensionless number is obtained by ∑3k=1 σk/σ0, where σk is the surface charge of region k and σ0 = 1 e/nm2. OFF states of the transistor are present in cases when this number is close to zero, namely, when depletion zones for both ionic species are present (“−+−”). For the example given in the main text (carboxyl and amino groups), this charge pattern is present at neutral pH. ON states are present when depletion zones for one of the ionic species are absent. The charge patterns “0 + 0” or “−0−” can be produced by tuning the pH towards acidic or basic, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-the-ion-ioff-ratio-as-a-function-of-the-rpore-ld-zhko9xbx.png Fig. 7 (A) The ION/IOFF ratio as a function of the Rpore/λD variable for the cases, when we change Rpore at fixed λD (c = 0.1 M, red), and when we change λD by changing concentration for a fixed Rpore = 1 nm (black). The numbers near symbols indicate pore radii (red) or concentration (black). (B) Ratio of cation concentration profiles in the OFF and ON states for combinations of Rpore and λD for fixed Rpore/λD = 1.56 (solid lines and open symbols) and 2.6 (dashed lines and closed symbols) ratios. From bottom to top, the curves correspond to the following (Rpore/nm; c/M) pairs: (1.924; 0.0563) (blue), (1.5; 0.1) (red), (1; 0.225) (black) for Rpore/λD = 1.56 and (3.5; 0.0511) (blue), (2.5; 0.1) (red), (1; 0.626) (black) for Rpore/λD = 2.6. The ION/IOFF values for these points are indicated by blue triangles in Fig. 7A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-the-value-of-the-mean-electrical-potential-on-the-2zjk03nj.png Fig. 9 (A) The value of the mean electrical potential on the surface of the pore wall (r = Rpore) for three selected charge patterns as obtained from NP+LEMC calculations. (B) The value of this potential in the center of the pore (z = 0, r = Rpore shown with larger symbols in panel A) as a function of σx. The figure demonstrates the monotonic relation between surface charge density, σx, and surface potential, Φ(z = 0,r = Rpore). https://scispace.com/papers/controlling-of-crystal-size-and-optical-band-gap-of-cdo-32d816cz19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plotting-of-f-r-hu-t-2-as-a-function-of-the-photon-1wvalkmt.png Fig. 5 Plotting of (F(R)hυ/t)2 as a function of the photon energy for pure CdO, (5 %), (10 %), (15 %), and (20 %) Fe-doped CdO nanopowders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-the-refractive-index-as-a-function-of-1j2497cn.png Fig. 6 Variation of the refractive index as a function of wavelengths for pure CdO, (5 %), (10 %), (15 %), and (20 %) Fe-doped CdO nanopowders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-sol-gel-process-for-production-1xet9coq.png Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of sol gel process for production nanopowders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-a-udoped-cdo-b-5-c-10-veytjx97.png Fig. 2 (a). X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) udoped CdO, (b) 5 %, (c) 10 %, (d) 15 % and (e) 20 % Fe-doped CdO nanopowders. (b). The variation of the intensity ratios of (111)/(200) with different Fe concentration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-crystallite-size-d-strain-e-and-the-2et7439h.png Table 1 Values of crystallite size D, strain ε and the dislocation density δ of pure and 5, 10, 15, 20 % Fe-doped CdO powder nanostructures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diffused-reflectance-spectrum-as-a-function-of-3rgsorhi.png Fig. 4 Diffused reflectance spectrum as a function of wavelength for undoped and (5 %), (10 %), (15 %), and (20 %) Fe-doped CdO nanopowders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-images-of-2d-40x40mm2-insets-1-2d-5x5mm2-and-2-3d-3r0qt05a.png Fig. 3 AFM images of (2D 40×40μm2). Insets: 1- (2D 5×5μm2) and 2-(3D 1×1μm2) for (a) pure CdO, (b) 5 %, (c) 10 %, (d) 15 % and (e) 20 % Fe-doped CdO nanopowders https://scispace.com/papers/convective-boiling-of-r-134a-on-enhanced-tube-bundles-27pwg91l4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-r-134a-tube-pitch-comparison-3vnvdz4c.png Figure 6 R-134a tube pitch comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-refrigerant-circuit-2p9faqh3.png Figure 1 Schematic diagram of refrigerant circuit https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-input-uncertainty-1afwwmed.png Table 3 Input uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-r-134a-bundles-comparison-at-30-40-kw-m2-and-15-kg-1uyr6dix.png Figure 12 R-134a bundles comparison at 30-40 kW/m² and 15 kg/m².s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-r-134a-bundles-comparison-at-40-50-kw-m2-and-25-kg-3uov0kuf.png Figure 13 R-134a bundles comparison at 40-50 kW/m² and 25 kg/m².s https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-matrix-inputs-2f4phdch.png Table 1 Test matrix inputs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-configuration-of-the-three-tube-pitches-p-d-1-167-1-2uxb5a27.png Figure 3 Configuration of the three tube pitches P/D 1.167, 1.33, and 1.5 (left to right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-section-overall-dimensions-397thp70.png Figure 2 Test section overall dimensions https://scispace.com/papers/controlling-the-false-discovery-rate-in-gwas-with-population-2swlpuu6mt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exchangeability-of-knockoffs-and-real-uk-biobank-zrxa974w.png Figure 1: Exchangeability of knockoffs and real UK Biobank genotypes. (a) Principal component analysis for 10k individuals with diverse ancestries, separately for genotypes and knockoffs. (b) Kinship coefficients between 2000 pairs of related individuals, computed separately on genotypes and knockoffs. Kinship is measured by means of KING coefficients [40] so that a value of 0.5 indicates monozygotic twins and 0 indicates no relatedness. (c) Pairwise correlations between nearby variants on chromosome 22 (minor allele frequency ≥ 0.01) for the same individuals as in (a), with (left) or without (right) swapping genotypes (X) and knockoffs (X̃). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-knockoffgwas-discoveries-208-kb-resolution-10-fdr-edyt4gdn.png Table 1: KnockoffGWAS discoveries (208 kb resolution, 10% FDR) using all 487k UK Biobank samples, and corresponding BOLT-LMM findings (5 × 10−8). For example, we report 940 distinct discoveries for cardiovascular disease, 274 of which contain significant LMM associations. The LMM reports 257 discoveries for this phenotype, 96.9% of which overlap with at least one of our discoveries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-on-real-genotypes-and-synthetic-3d1kn1dn.png Figure 4: Performance on real genotypes and synthetic phenotypes from a model with 4000 causal variants. The results obtained with either KnockoffGWAS (nominal FDR 0.1) or BOLT-LMM (5×10−8, heuristic FDR, and oracle FDP calibration) are shown as a function of the total heritability. (a) Low-resolution KnockoffGWAS discoveries and strongly clumped LMM findings. (b) Multi-resolution KnockoffGWAS discoveries (reported only at the resolution with the most findings for each value of heritability) and weakly clumped BOLT-LMM findings. Other details are as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualization-of-the-haplotype-hmm-and-knockoff-2j4c1ymf.png Figure 2: Visualization of the haplotype HMM and knockoff construction. (a) Each haplotype sequence, H(i), is described as a mosaic of motifs from a subset of other haplotypes (in different colors). (b) Haplotypes and knockoffs of close relatives share IBD segments where their alleles match exactly (shaded segments). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-knockoffgwas-and-bolt-lmm-discoveries-for-a-1av0uczh.png Figure 3: KnockoffGWAS and BOLT-LMM discoveries for a simulated trait based on the genotypes of 489k UK Biobank individuals with population structure. (a) The shaded rectangles represent our discoveries at different resolutions. The FDR level is 10%. Darker rectangles have lower estimated local FDP. The light rectangles are false discoveries because they do not contain causal variants (whose positions are marked by asterisks on top). (b) BOLT-LMM p-values from the same data, and PLINK clumps (segments below) at the genome-wide significance level (5× 10−8), utilizing different colors for different clumps. The colors match those of the corresponding p-values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-the-analysis-of-uk-biobank-data-on-36nbwztj.png Figure 5: Results of the analysis of UK Biobank data on cardiovascular disease, within a small portion of chromosome five. (a) Marginal p-values computed by BOLT-LMM on the subset of samples with European ancestry [24], for genotyped and imputed variants within this locus. All p-values here are larger than 5×10−8. (b) Novel findings reported by KnockoffGWAS. The shaded rectangles indicate the genetic segments discovered at different resolutions; the darker ones are more statistically significant, i.e., with a lower estimated local FDP (white labels). (c) Location of genes in the locus spanned by our highest-resolution discovery. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-numbers-of-low-resolution-208-kb-discoveries-1of0xnc8.png Table 3: Numbers of low-resolution (208 kb) discoveries obtained with our method and confirmed by other studies, or by an enrichment analysis carried out on external summary statistics. For example, 81.3% of our 940 discoveries for cardiovascular disease are confirmed either by the results of other studies, or by the enrichment analysis. The results are stratified based on whether our findings can be detected by BOLT-LMM using the UK Biobank data (excluding non-European individuals). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cumulative-numbers-of-discoveries-for-all-uk-biobank-1gvnq4uu.png Table 2: Cumulative numbers of discoveries for all UK Biobank phenotypes at different resolutions, utilizing different subsets of the samples. For example, including related individuals increases by 16.4% the number of discoveries obtained from the British samples at the 208 kb resolution (from 8635 to 10049). As another example, adding non-British individuals (including related ones) increases by 2.2% the number of discoveries obtained from the British samples (including related ones) at the 208 kb resolution (from 10049 to 10270). https://scispace.com/papers/conventional-versus-ultrasound-treat-to-target-no-difference-15fi9949v3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-structural-damage-mri-features-mean-change-from-2c855onx.png Figure 2 A-C: Structural damage MRI features. Mean change from baseline for MRI structural damage scores. Estimates based on a linear mixed effects model adjusted for baseline score, age, gender and ACPA status. Error bars represent 95% CI. D-F: Cumulative 2-year change for all patients. JSN=joint space narrowing. RAMRIS=OMERACT RA MRI Score. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-d-inflammatory-mri-features-mean-change-from-382abhaf.png Figure 1 A-D: Inflammatory MRI features. Mean change from baseline for inflammatory MRI features. Estimates based on a linear mixed effects model adjusted for baseline score, age, gender and ACPA status. Error bars represent 95% CI. https://scispace.com/papers/convergence-and-performance-of-the-peeling-wavelet-denoising-463d03smbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-convergence-speed-for-different-versions-of-the-2zdbn6jp.png Figure 3. Convergence speed for different versions of the peeling algorithms, based on the parameters (ux, σx) and (uz, σz). The constant lines correspond to the deterministic thresholds. The number of iterations until convergence and our final values for the thresholds, followed by the deterministic value given by Lemma A.1, are given in parenthesis. Recall that, for signals having N = 10000 points, the convergence should occur after a number of iterations of order log(N) = 9.21. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-denoising-example-from-top-to-bottom-a-clean-signal-8m72o64g.png Figure 6. Denoising example. From top to bottom: (a) clean signal; (b) noisy signal (Laplacian noise, SNR=3); (c) Universal thresholding (Blocks: SNR=5.7, ECG: SNR=4.8); (d) SURE thresholding (Blocks: SNR=5.9, ECG: SNR=5.4); (e) T05,z thresholding (Blocks: SNR=6.8, ECG: SNR=5.9); (f) T15,z thresholding (Blocks: SNR=6.4, ECG: SNR=5.2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-denoising-results-comparisons-between-4-algorithms-j05f9ljw.png Figure 5. Denoising results comparisons between 4 algorithms on 5 signals. We considered Laplacian, Gaussian and ∼Uniform noises, with SNR varying from 10 to 1. The original SNR σx/σw before denoising is represented by the dotted line, while the bar heights represent the final SNR after denoising https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-critical-constant-fc-for-different-shapes-u-the-1k4jh6zb.png Table 1. Critical constant Fc for different shapes u. The shape u is defined in Hypothesis 1.1 and the critical coefficient Fc in Lemma 2.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-curves-corresponding-to-g1-u-with-f-0-9fc-fc-1-15fc-1hpm49t9.png Figure 1. Curves corresponding to g1,u with F ∈ {0.9Fc, Fc, 1.15Fc}, with u defined in Hypothesis 1.1 and Fc in Lemma 2.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-fm-and-of-critical-fc-respectively-5ix4qcfr.png Figure 2. Evolution of Fm and of critical Fc (respectively defined in Equation (6) and Lemma 2.2) in function of the shape u (defined in Hypothesis 1.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-clean-test-signals-from-top-to-bottom-blocks-bumps-2vuti8rz.png Figure 4. Clean test signals, from top to bottom: Blocks, Bumps, HeaviSine, Doppler, ECG https://scispace.com/papers/convergence-of-a-structured-metapopulation-model-to-levins-s-57xejm9eiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distributions-pen-labelled-pi-p-pi-and-p-pi-for-the-ymnqgpke.png Fig. 3. Distributions πen (labelled pi), π ′ (pi’) and π ′′ (pi”) for the parameter values in the last line of Table 1. The value πen{0} ≈ 0.506 is out of the scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distributions-pen-labelled-pi-p-pi-and-p-pi-for-the-duu8ct4h.png Fig. 2. Distributions πen (labelled pi), π ′ (pi’) and π ′′ (pi”) for the parameter values in the third line of Table 1. The value πen{0} ≈ 0.543 is out of the scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computation-of-some-quantities-of-interest-when-the-3afxky7f.png Table 1. Computation of some quantities of interest when the values of K , γ and ν are those listed in the first three columns. In all cases, r = 1 and ρ = 0.4. The columns headed (3.17) and (4.1) refer to the corresponding approximations to σ ∗; those headed (3.13) and (4.2) refer to approximations to πen{0}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-function-g-s-the-approximation-given-in-theorem-2-19llgh88.png Fig. 4. The function G(s), the approximation given in Theorem 2 (labelled appr. Thm. 2.6), the approximation (3.15) (appr. (3.15)) and the approximation (4.7) (appr. SUMS), together with the bisectrix. The points of crossing of the several curves with the bisectrix correspond to the values of σ ∗ and its approximations, listed in Table 1. Left, the parameters are as in Fig. 2; right, as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-function-g-s-and-its-approximations-as-in-fig-4-1xxz6d46.png Fig. 5. The function G(s) and its approximations, as in Fig. 4. Left, the parameter values are as in the last line of Table 4; right, they are the same, except that ν = 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-level-curves-g-0-1-in-the-g-r-plane-the-different-17z9zxgs.png Fig. 1. Level curves G′(0) = 1 in the (γ, r)–plane. The different solid lines, from top to bottom, correspond to ρ = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1; the dashed line is the curve obtained from (4.4) for ρ = 0.2. Other parameter values are K = 100 and ν = 0.01. The lower figure is a detail of the upper one. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computation-of-some-quantities-of-interest-with-3dm7ilz5.png Table 4. Computation of some quantities of interest with increasing K and decreasing ν. In all cases, r = 1 and ρ = 0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computation-of-some-quantities-of-interest-with-3jfxcy6i.png Table 2. Computation of some quantities of interest with decreasing γ and ν. In all cases, r = 1 and ρ = 0.4. https://scispace.com/papers/conversational-forms-of-instruction-and-message-layer-design-4xtf4ab7ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-generic-model-of-human-computer-interaction-that-3nqahzty.png Figure 1. A generic model of human-computer interaction that can also be used to typify human-human conversational interactions as well. (After Winograd & Flores, 1986.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-merrills-primary-presentation-forms-a-core-set-of-3mfeds1r.png Table 2. Merrill’s primary presentation forms—a core set of display types created by crossing content mode (generality, instance) and presentation mode (expository, inquisitory). In retrospect, it can be seen that each display type represented a category of message within the context of an instructional conversation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-division-of-the-screen-display-in-an-anderson-tutor-3i16bibr.png Figure 1. A generic model of human-computer interaction that can also be used to typify human-human conversational interactions as well. (After Winograd & Flores, 1986.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-completed-assembly-of-components-that-have-been-3v5equ0i.png Figure 3. A completed assembly of components that have been connected and tested in the Feedback MiniLab’s workspace, showing also the results of a test of the functioning of the assembly (from Forbus, 1993). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-framework-of-guidelines-and-strategies-for-the-23a5bcen.png Table 3. A framework of guidelines and strategies for the design of scaffolding experiences in science inquiry (From Quintana et al, 2004, p. 345). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-component-schematics-for-a-propulsion-unit-that-35eg4pgi.png Figure 2. Component schematics for a propulsion unit that learners could assemble into a configuration prior to experimenting with its operation in the Feedback MiniLab (from Forbus, 1993). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-listing-of-momentary-strategic-goals-that-represent-1j9q0b84.png Table 2. Merrill’s primary presentation forms—a core set of display types created by crossing content mode (generality, instance) and presentation mode (expository, inquisitory). In retrospect, it can be seen that each display type represented a category of message within the context of an instructional conversation. https://scispace.com/papers/converging-from-branching-to-linear-metrics-on-markov-chains-ws736ba9qa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linear-program-characterization-of-the-k-bisimilarity-29rqkb9o.png Fig. 2. Linear program characterization of the k-bisimilarity distance δkb . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-a-state-in-the-original-mc-m-right-the-mc-m-2flwf0h6.png Fig. 3. (Left) A state in the original MC M; (Right) The MC M̄ constructed from M. In M̄, each state w ∈ S moves to its counterpart w̄ ∈ S̄ that proceeds as m does in M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-u-and-v-are-stutter-trace-equivalent-but-neither-2oghs0s3.png Fig. 1. (Left) u and v are stutter trace equivalent but neither bisimilar nor trace equivalent; (Right) δt(u, v) = √ 2/4 (see [6]) and δb(u, v) = 1/2. States are labeled by colors. https://scispace.com/papers/convergent-in-situ-generation-of-both-transketolase-105videzi1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conditions-and-results-of-fsaeco-catalyzed-reactions-28wie8ws.png Table 2. Conditions and results of FSAeco catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of aldehydes 1–3. https://scispace.com/papers/converse-magnetoelectric-effect-in-laminated-composites-of-57qku8xrdg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-cme-coefficient-b-on-magnetic-bias-field-3cvp5dqk.png FIG. 4. Dependence of CME coefficient B on magnetic bias field HBias at the frequency of 200 Hz. The inset shows the result of a similar composite sample based on unpolarized PMN–PT single crystal plates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-magnetic-induction-b3-as-a-function-of-15j8m01g.png FIG. 3. Measured magnetic induction B3 as a function of applied ac voltage V3 for various magnetic bias fields HBias at the frequency of 200 Hz. The inset shows the result of a similar composite sample based on unpolarized PMN–PT single crystal plates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-waveforms-of-the-measured-magnetic-induction-b3-due-to-2adf5o6m.png FIG. 2. Waveforms of the measured magnetic induction B3 due to an applied ac voltage V3 of 100 V peak at the frequency of 200 Hz and with the magnetic bias field HBias of 170 Oe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-our-laminated-composite-the-1rox9ceb.png FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of our laminated composite. The arrows P and M denote the polarization and magnetization directions, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/convex-restriction-sets-for-cbers-2-satellite-image-1pvexlbqj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reference-image-obtained-by-decimating-the-ikonos-3iygl34b.png Figure 2. Reference image obtained by decimating the IKONOS panchromatic image to the same CBERS-2 pixel size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-displays-computational-time-of-wiener-filter-2o6ikubb.png Table 2. Displays computational time of Wiener Filter, Modified Inverse Filter, POCSINV and the proposed POCS procedure applied to phantom image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-original-cbers-2-ccd-image-2vm03uwr.png Figure 6. Original CBERS-2 CCD image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-original-ikonos-panchomatic-image-uzcddrox.png Figure 1. Original IKONOS panchomatic image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-isnr-and-image-quality-index-u-values-for-wiener-3vg4jyp0.png Table 1. ISNR and Image Quality Index (U) values for Wiener Filter, Modified Inverse Filter, POCSINV and the proposed POCS procedure applied to phantom image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-restored-phantom-image-by-applying-equation-29-rmeq0719.png Figure 4. Restored phantom image by applying Equation (29). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-normalized-autocorrelation-coefficients-for-y-2y0g8m22.png Figure 9. Normalized autocorrelation coefficients for y direction. The continuous and dotted lines are, respectively, the coefficients of original and restored CBERS-2 images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phantom-image-obtained-by-degrading-and-decimating-x0apbxzn.png Figure 3. Phantom image obtained by degrading and decimating the IKONOS panchromatic image. https://scispace.com/papers/cooled-infrared-dichroic-beamsplitters-and-filters-for-the-4pr6uvgvsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-miri-1-3c-dichroic-filter-channel-overlay-at-7k-174qppc2.png Fig 4. MIRI 1-3c Dichroic filter channel overlay at 7K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-miri-imager-filter-measurements-at-7k-2z2me0yy.png Fig 6. MIRI Imager filter measurements at 7K https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-miri-1-3a-dichroic-filter-channel-overlay-at-7k-1gyvo9bc.png Fig 2. MIRI 1-3a Dichroic filter channel overlay at 7K https://scispace.com/papers/coolerado-cooler-helps-to-save-cooling-energy-and-dollars-53ld1bqds0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-supply-air-temperatures-from-several-different-250r06xw.png Figure 8. Supply air temperatures from several different cooling technologies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-conventional-indirect-direct-air-flow-m3yz4yyx.png Figure 9. Comparison of conventional indirect/direct air flow vs. the Maisotsenko Cycle air flow. OA is outside air; RA is return air.Source: Steve Slayzak, NREL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-conceptual-psychrometric-representation-of-the-316k3xx3.png Figure 10. Conceptual psychrometric representation of the staged indirect cooling process with continual purge of secondary/working air. Source: PsycPro software at www.Linric.com https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-map-of-summer-cooling-load-hours-source-ari-3uckpnw8.png Figure 15. Map of summer cooling load hours. Source: ARI Unitary Directory, August 1, 1992, to January 31, 1993, pp. 16-17; Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, www.energyexperts.org/ac_calc/default.asp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-direct-evaporative-cooling-2xi3p3vu.png Figure 3. Comparison of the direct evaporative cooling possible when starting with TDB of 95°F (35°C) at 70% RH vs. at 10% RH. Source: PsycPro software at www. Linric.com https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-coolerado-cooler-test-unit-at-nrels-thermal-test-1xa6hwyp.png Figure 12. Coolerado Cooler test unit at NREL’s Thermal Test Facility. Source: NREL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-in-an-indirect-evaporative-cooling-process-the-3qxp6wcm.png Figure 4. In an indirect evaporative cooling process, the primary airstream flows in a different channel than the secondary airstream. Source: Wang, Shan K., Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (2nd Edition), McGraw-Hill, p. 5, 2001; www.knovel. com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=568& VerticalID=0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-the-indirect-evaporative-cooling-process-no-2zfcbuqm.png Figure 5. In the indirect evaporative cooling process, no water is shown being added to the primary airstream as it cools from A to B. Source: PsycPro software, www. Linric.com https://scispace.com/papers/cooperation-through-social-influence-27no3fly6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-influence-graph-g-w-f-associated-to-the-weighted-3d6swene.png Figure 3: An influence graph (G,w, f ) associated to the weighted game [q; w1, . . . ,wn]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-unweighted-influence-graph-associated-to-the-qssvzfbs.png Figure 2: An unweighted influence graph associated to the simple game ({1, 2, 3, 4}, {{1, 2, 4}, {2, 3}, {3, 4}}). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-graph-g-used-to-prove-that-half-vertex-cover-is-np-1g8ah6r1.png Figure 10: Graph Ĝ used to prove that Half vertex cover is NP-hard. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-influence-graph-g2-f2-used-in-the-definition-of-the-2y3j90w8.png Figure 9: Influence graph (G2, f2) used in the definition of the game ∆2(G, k). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-unweighted-influence-graph-g-f-associated-to-the-3kj5o4i3.png Figure 4: An unweighted influence graph (G, f ) associated to the weighted game [q; w1, . . . ,wn]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-simple-game-whose-set-of-players-n-1-n-admits-w0fxasjt.png Figure 12: The simple game whose set of players N = {1, . . . , n} admits a partition N1, . . . ,Nm in such a way thatW = {S ⊆ N ; ∃Ni with Ni ⊆ S } has exponential dimension, n1 · . . . · nm−1 [28], but this game admits a polynomial unweighted influence graph (G, f ) with respect to n for the corresponding unweighted influence game (G, f , n + 1,N). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-influence-graph-g1-f1-of-the-game-1-g-k-5luiebvo.png Figure 8: Influence graph (G1, f1) of the game ∆1(G, k). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-new-results-in-bold-face-known-results-1jeooheo.png Table 1: Summary of new results (in bold face), known results and trivial results (without reference). https://scispace.com/papers/cooperative-behavior-based-on-a-subjective-map-with-shared-5fmh6uwi9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-potential-fields-of-robots-epurrznn.png Figure 4: Potential fields of robots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-robot-and-the-field-for-the-robocup-2002-sony-17cn4zo9.png Figure 5: The robot and the field for the RoboCup 2002 Sony four-legged robot league. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-initial-conditions-of-experiments-3vyh44pb.png Figure 6: The initial conditions of experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-robot-as-potential-field-and-positions-of-objects-3pnwolg4.png Figure 11: Robot A’s potential field and positions of objects in its map at the initial condition in case 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-sequence-of-the-robots-movements-with-a-myj402p7.png Figure 12: A sequence of the robots’ movements with a subjective map in case 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-sequence-of-the-robots-movements-using-a-2qxfunw0.png Figure 10: A sequence of the robots’ movements using a subjective map in case 2 with large error for robot B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-rate-of-times-that-robot-as-decision-was-3iswl6rx.png Table 1: The rate of times that robot A’s decision was identical to the decision using an overhead camera https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-sequence-of-the-robots-movements-using-subjective-1ozwl90g.png Figure 7: A sequence of the robots’ movements using subjective maps in case 1 under normal localization error https://scispace.com/papers/cooperative-maneuvering-in-close-environments-among-olxxa9641u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tno-ags-architecture-2iac7m7n.png Fig. 4. TNO AGS architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-communication-requirements-for-each-maneuver-1m59e52o.png TABLE II COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH MANEUVER https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-communications-data-package-y977m67m.png TABLE I COMMUNICATIONS DATA PACKAGE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-iai-csics-acc-fuzzy-controller-membership-functions-2j7zcuf4.png Fig. 6. IAI-CSIC’s ACC fuzzy controller membership functions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-inria-pmp-control-step-scheme-3m86zaby.png Fig. 7. INRIA PMP control step scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-fuzzy-controller-output-29pyjcnc.png TABLE III FUZZY CONTROLLER OUTPUT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-i2v-experiment-with-emergency-stop-signals-sent-from-2q0o0sw3.png Fig. 15. I2V experiment with emergency stop signals sent from the central station. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-iai-csic-car-system-architecture-1r2zlilq.png Fig. 1. IAI-CSIC car system architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/cooperative-infrastructure-and-spectrum-sharing-in-2f0erwhx1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-bs-cost-model-parameters-3pisin29.png TABLE I: BS cost model parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-scenarios-4ni0o2tk.png TABLE II: Scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sets-parameters-and-corresponding-values-1rta8qp3.png TABLE III: Sets, parameters and corresponding values https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-core-of-subcoalitions-for-d-0-55-same-for-the-ntu-3uttrmfd.png TABLE V: Core of subcoalitions for δ = 0.55 (same for the NTU and the TU games) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-ntu-game-sharing-gain-is7mdgkt.png TABLE VI: NTU game: sharing gain https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-tu-game-sharing-gain-wslch3kx.png TABLE VII: TU game: sharing gain https://scispace.com/papers/coordinated-path-following-for-unicycles-41hor8fe75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-experiment-2-coordinated-path-following-with-changing-13l0sggr.png Fig. 6. Experiment 2: coordinated path following with changing coordination task. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experiment-2-phase-difference-and-angular-velocity-114gdr8w.png Fig. 7. Experiment 2: phase difference and angular velocity error when the coordination specification changes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-closed-loop-system-2l7gaatv.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of the closed-loop system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-results-coordination-and-angular-velocity-161jwktr.png Fig. 4. Experimental results: coordination and angular velocity error while maintaining a phase difference of π . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-results-control-signals-ui-j-i-j-2-while-3dn2dcgy.png Fig. 5. Experimental results: control signals ui,j , i, j ∈ 2, while maintaining a phase difference of π . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-results-path-following-of-robots-while-1a4k7row.png Fig. 3. Experimental results: path following of robots while maintaining a phase difference of π . (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-motion-of-unicycle-i-restricted-to-the-four-10jey9vy.png Fig. 1. The motion of unicycle i restricted to the four components of P ⋆i \ {vi = 0}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experiment-2-control-signals-ui-j-i-j-2when-the-108vzz7h.png Fig. 8. Experiment 2: control signals ui,j , i, j ∈ 2when the coordination specification changes. https://scispace.com/papers/coordinated-primary-and-secondary-frequency-support-between-4yvx6hld6a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-parameters-1h1x2i68.png TABLE II SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-battery-soc-2ur5r2ve.png Fig. 25. Battery SoC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-wt-output-power-and-average-power-6y3e8end.png Fig. 5. WT output power and average power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-pmsg-rotor-speed-visak1v5.png Fig. 23. PMSG rotor speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-pitch-angle-of-wt-3bqkjetf.png Fig. 21. Pitch angle of WT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-wt-pmppt-and-pwt-2teoz3ym.png Fig. 22. WT PMPPT and PWT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-the-output-active-power-of-weak-grid-19blk927.png Fig. 19. The output active power of weak grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-power-reference-of-different-pfr-and-sfr-controllers-32pix7vi.png Fig. 20. Power reference of different PFR and SFR controllers. https://scispace.com/papers/coordination-modes-of-aminodiphosphane-ligands-to-the-4hf9615efm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculated-and-experimental-esi-mass-spectra-of-mo-1hyetxp4.png Figure 2. Calculated and experimental ESI mass spectra of [Mo-1]+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ligands-distribution-in-mo3s4-cluster-complexes-1x0uqoxf.png Figure 1. Ligands distribution in Mo3S4 cluster complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-averaged-bond-distances-for-compounds-mo-1-2xxbr6bb.png Table 1. Selected Averaged Bond Distances for compounds [Mo-1]+, (P)- [Mo3S4Cl3((1S,2S)-PPro)3]+ and [Mo3S4Cl3(edpp)3]+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-31p-1h-nmr-spectra-of-mo-1-top-and-mo2-4-bottom-10mou3yl.png Figure 4. 31P {1H}-NMR spectra of [Mo-1]+ (top) and [Mo2]4+(bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ortep-representations-of-two-different-views-of-the-156ywbbm.png Figure 3. ORTEP representations of two different views of the cluster [Mo-1]+ (ellipsoids 50 % probability). Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/coordination-of-single-phase-rooftop-pvs-in-unbalanced-three-1jeg81u1yt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-voltage-magnitude-for-case-2-317bj7it.png Table 4.3 Voltage magnitude for Case-2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-voltage-magnitude-for-case-3-3bhb22vl.png Table 4.5 Voltage magnitude for Case-3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-reactive-power-injection-kvar-of-installed-pvs-for-39p4g22b.png Table 4.6. Reactive power injection (kVAR) of installed PVs for Case-3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-8-reactive-power-injection-kvar-of-installed-pvs-for-28g839ja.png Table 4.8. Reactive power injection (kVAR) of installed PVs for Case-4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-pv-inverter-ratings-in-kva-for-single-phase-2zfi4rnm.png Table 5.6. PV inverter ratings (in kVA) for single-phase rooftop PVs, considered in the simulation of failure of the proposed unbalanced voltage reduction method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-pv-inverter-ratings-in-kva-for-single-phase-kb848acw.png Table 3.4. PV inverter ratings (in kVA) for single-phase rooftop PVs, considered in the simulation case-4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3-voltage-magnitude-for-case-3-188sfz96.png Table 5.3 Voltage magnitude for Case-3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-7-voltage-magnitude-for-failure-case-1h95l2y7.png Table 5.7 Voltage magnitude for failure case https://scispace.com/papers/copeptin-and-nesfatin-1-are-interesting-interrelated-2te0njomii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-o8f389iq.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/coping-and-resilience-in-riverine-bangladesh-1xo60q9blh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numbers-of-surveyed-households-involved-in-different-1hy4rocf.png Table 2 Numbers of surveyed households involved in different types of movement in 2016 and 2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-sample-households-evacuating-in-floods-37bio0wa.png Table 3 Percentage of sample households evacuating in floods by origin and destination https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coping-actions-r65sa5xn.png Fig. 3 Coping actions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-times-respondents-moved-home-in-their-2rus68vv.png Fig. 2 Number of times respondents moved home in their lifetime https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-locations-of-study-sites-4x7w41gi.png Fig. 1 Locations of study sites https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-main-advantages-and-disadvantages-reported-for-home-3u1llrew.png Table 4 Main advantages and disadvantages reported for home location (% of households) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reported-health-effects-of-2016and-2017-floods-fk0m0pq6.png Table 1 Reported health effects of 2016and 2017 floods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-seasonality-of-migration-for-work-348y4uah.png Fig. 4 Seasonality of migration for work https://scispace.com/papers/coping-with-gray-markets-the-impact-of-market-conditions-and-2rkc79jg2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-40hcm9zt.png Table 1 Notations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-segmentation-of-market-2-before-and-after-parallel-17pszwmq.png Figure 2 Segmentation of market 2 before and after parallel importation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optimal-strategy-as-a-function-of-product-3vpx25h5.png Figure 8 Optimal strategy as a function of product characteristic and market conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-of-optimal-quantities-with-parallel-imports-146t2l4a.png Figure 5 Ratio of optimal quantities with parallel imports to quantities without parallel imports. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-manufacturers-price-gap-and-total-profit-as-a-2u3swpdw.png Figure 6 Manufacturer’s price gap and total profit as a function of ω and b1/b2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ratio-of-optimal-profit-in-the-ssg-to-the-uniform-3i57dut2.png Figure 11 Ratio of optimal profit in the SSG to the uniform pricing profit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-manufacturers-optimal-profit-in-each-market-jghlaxqv.png Figure 7 Manufacturer’s optimal profit in each market. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-optimal-strategies-as-a-function-of-product-35eoo7o2.png Figure 10 Optimal strategies as a function of product characteristic and market conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/copper-catalyzed-oxidative-ring-closure-of-ortho-4mza19p1bf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-studies-of-the-reaction-a-358bg8c4.png Table 1. Optimization studies of the reaction a https://scispace.com/papers/copper-coating-specification-for-the-rhic-arcs-18ddpq4ynh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ridc-ring-parameters-3gznx2p0.png TABLE I: RIDC ring parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figures-5-and-6-show-surface-impedance-calculations-using-a3j66x9j.png Figures 5 and 6 show surface impedance calculations using equations (4) and (8) for RRR = 50 and RRR = 25 respectively. Using equation (1) and the beam parameters in Table 1, the power per unit frequency for the two values of RRR are shown in Figure 7. For RRR = 50 at 3.45T the power per unit frequency is 0.064 Watts/meter. For RRR = 25 at 3.45T the power per unit frequency is 0.079 Watts/meter. Both the values are well below the 0.5 Watt/meter) limit considered in [4]. For a fixed bunch length of (78 = 5 cm the results are easily extended to different numbers of bunches and charges per bunch. For instance, with 1.0 x lOll protons per bunch the charge per bunch is 16 nCo For 2000 such bunches and RRR = 50 the loss rate is P = (1/2)2(2000/180)0.064 Watts/meter = 0.18 Watts/meter which is still acceptable. https://scispace.com/papers/core-models-of-receptor-reactions-to-evaluate-basic-pathway-2utug2oquw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-c8-dynamics-and-main-properties-for-1z0bv8jg.png Fig. 4: Comparison of C8 dynamics and main properties for models EAICMcf (a),(b) and EAICM-c (c),(d) for the sensitive cell n. 121 - simulations were performed for 600 min for comparison needs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-c8-dynamics-and-main-properties-for-2l5p1azy.png Fig. 3: Comparison of C8 dynamics and main properties for models EAICM-cf (a),(b) and EAICM-c (c),(d), for the resistant cell n. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-degradation-study-3s70hvnm.png Fig. 7: Degradation study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-cell-best-approached-per-model-and-type-of-evy2p9k5.png Table 2: Number of cell best approached per model and type of fits, comparing C value https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-cell-best-approached-per-model-and-type-of-anzpliki.png Table 3: Number of cell best approached per model and type of fits comparing the delay,ie |T100000,EAICM,i − T100000,data,i|, i ∈ {1, ..., 414} https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reference-values-and-c8-features-scheme-35n5fhsm.png Fig. 2: Reference values and C8 features scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-cell-best-approached-per-model-and-type-of-3il9gev3.png Table 4: Number of cell best approached per model and type of fits according to C8 final value, ie comparing |Vfinal,EAICM,i − Vfinal,data,i|, i ∈ {1, ..., 414} https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-c8-main-features-with-the-dynamic-of-3lmrx4da.png Fig. 8: Comparison of C8 main features with the dynamic of each C8 equation component of EAICM-af (a),(b) and EAICM-a (c),(d) for the resistant cell n. 10 https://scispace.com/papers/corona-exchange-dynamics-on-carbon-nanotubes-by-multiplexed-1f3wu77yl3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-protein-adsorption-attenuates-gt-6-swcnt-sensor-2cmkw2x8.png Figure 1. Protein adsorption attenuates (GT)6-SWCNT sensor response to dopamine. (a) Near-infrared (nIR) spectra of 5 μg/mL (GT)6-SWCNTs before (black) and after (red) addition of 200 μM dopamine. (b-c) nIR spectra of 5 μg/mL (GT)6SWCNTs incubated with 40 μg/mL (b) albumin or (c) fibrinogen for 40 minutes before (black) and after (red) addition of 200 μM dopamine. (d) Change in (GT)6-SWCNT fluorescence intensity at 1200 nm peak following 40 minutes incubation in PBS or protein solution at 40 μg/mL, then addition of 200 μM dopamine (N = 3). Nanosensor excitation was with 721 nm light. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kinetic-model-of-competitive-exchange-between-ssdna-18t8v4bw.png Figure 3. Kinetic model of competitive exchange between ssDNA and protein on SWCNTs fit to fluorescence data to extract rate constants. Fraction of (a) (GT)6-Cy5 ssDNA and (b) FAM-labeled albumin (FAM-HSA) protein free in solution for varying concentrations of FAM-HSA injected into 5 μg/mL (GT)6-Cy5-SWCNT solution. Fraction of (c) (GT)6-Cy5 ssDNA and (d) FAM-labeled fibrinogen (FAM-FBG) protein free in solution for varying concentrations of FAM-FBG injected into (GT)6-Cy5-SWCNT solution. Star data points represent initial conditions used for solving model differential equations. Error bars represent standard error between experimental replicates (N = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-range-of-kinetic-model-fit-parameters-1bdfk42u.png Table 1. Range of kinetic model fit parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tracking-exchange-of-fluorophore-labeled-ssdna-and-36qjk4ut.png Figure 2. Tracking exchange of fluorophore-labeled ssDNA and protein on SWCNT surfaces demonstrates protein adsorption selectivity and ssDNA length effect. (a) Corona exchange assay workflow. ssDNA-Cy5-SWCNT solution was added to a well-plate, FAM-protein solution was injected, and the ad-/de-sorption processes were monitored in separate color channels of a fluorescence plate reader (see 4.3 Visible fluorescence measurements methods section). Increase in ssDNACy5 fluorescence induced by addition of 40 μg/mL (b) FAM-labeled albumin (FAM-HSA) or (c) FAM-labeled fibrinogen (FAMFBG) to 5 μg/mL ssDNA-Cy5-SWCNT suspended with ssDNA, (GT)6 or (GT)15. Decrease in fluorescence of (d) FAM-HSA and (e) FAM-FBG after addition of protein to (GT)6- or (GT)15-SWCNT. Error bars represent standard error between experimental replicates (N = 3). https://scispace.com/papers/corporate-governance-and-international-business-2cikhg817w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-future-research-agenda-268c8myu.png Table 2: A Future Research Agenda https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-papers-in-the-focused-issue-gt5cxqvu.png Table 1: Summary of Papers in the Focused Issue https://scispace.com/papers/corporate-governance-and-national-institutions-a-review-and-5bycmlylug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structure-of-ceo-remuneration-packages-around-the-3adwow6h.png Table 2 Structure of CEO Remuneration Packages Around the World https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-normative-principal-agent-perspective-vs-21ltjlcv.png Table 1 Normative Principal-agent Perspective vs Institutional Corporate Governance Framework https://scispace.com/papers/corporate-governance-and-the-value-of-excess-cash-holdings-284ygplfb9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-summary-statistics-of-cash-to-assets-by-country-3bskx98l.png Table B.1 Summary statistics of cash-to-assets by country, 2000-2004. The cash-to-assets ratio is defined as Cash and Cash Equivalents divided by Net Assets, where Net Assets is Total Assets minus Cash and Cash Equivalents. The cash-to-assets ratio is winsorized at the mean plus and minus three times the standard deviation. The rightmost column in the table shows the number of observations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-spending-excess-cash-and-corporate-governance-this-2ywzj6uf.png Table 10. Spending excess cash and corporate governance This table shows the regression results of the change in Excess Cash on the Governance scores. Assets are net of Cash. The dependent variable in model [1] is the ratio (ExcessCashi,t- ExcessCashi,t-1) / Assetsi,t-1 and in model [2] (ExcessCashi,t- ExcessCashi,t-1) / MEi,t-1 where MEi,t-1 = Market value of Equity at time t-1. The independent variables include the Governance scores Shareholder rights, Takeover defences, Disclosure and Board. The sample is the intersection of firms with positive lagged excess cash and firms for which excess cash declined over the year; i.e. for model (ExcessCashi,tExcessCashi,t-1) / Assetsi,t-1 < 0 and for model [2] (ExcessCashi,t- ExcessCashi,t-1) / MEi,t-1 <0. Regressions are made with firm fixed and year fixed effects. OLS regression is used with White's heteroskedasticity consistent standard errors. Standard errors are presented between parentheses. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-summary-statistics-of-cash-to-assets-by-industry-1wk9bwse.png Table C.1 Summary statistics of cash-to-assets by industry, 2000-2004. The cash-to-assets ratio is defined as Cash and Cash Equivalents divided by Net Assets, where Net Assets is Total Assets minus Cash and Cash Equivalents. The cash-to-assets ratio is winsorized at the mean plus and minus three times the standard deviation. The rightmost column in the table shows the number of observations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-corporate-governance-scores-by-country-2000-2004-d8fbdl9p.png Table 2. Corporate governance scores by country, 2000-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-corporate-governance-scores-per-year-2000-2004-2svhacsz.png Table 1. Corporate governance scores per year, 2000-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-the-impact-of-the-use-of-excess-cash-and-corporate-e7ngeubg.png Table 11. The impact of the use of excess cash and corporate governance on the ROA This table shows the regression results for the return on assets regressions. The dependent variable is ROA (EBIT over Assets) minus industry average ROA. Assets are computed net of cash. In model [2]- [5] X (X in governance X) is equal to, Shareholder rights, Takeover defences, Disclosure and Board respectively. In model [1] X is equal to the sum of Shareholder rights, Takeover defences, Disclosure and Board. Independent variables are: one-year lagged excess cash to assets, one-year lagged governance scores X, the interaction between lagged excess cash and lagged governance, Size (LN RealAssets), property, plant and equipment to assets (PPE/Assets), and lagged industry adjusted ROA. The sample is the intersection of firms with positive lagged excess cash and firms for which excess cash declined over the year; i.e. (ExcessCashi,t- ExcessCashi,t-1) / Assetsi,t-1 < 0. Regressions are made with firm fixed and year fixed effects. OLS regression is used with White's heteroskedasticity consistent standard errors. Standard errors are presented between parentheses. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-normal-cash-model-this-table-shows-the-regression-dn3xzkgl.png Table 6. Normal cash model This table shows the regression results of the cash models. In all variables Assets are net of Cash. The dependent variable is the ratio Cash / assets. The independent variables include: Size (natural logarithm of the firm real assets), Market-to-Book ((Market capitalization + Total Debt) / Assets), Cash Flow / Assets, NWC / Assets (Net Working Capital / Assets), Sigma (Industry Cash Flow volatility over past 6 years), R&D / Assets (Research and Development, set to zero if missing), Leverage (Total Debt / Assets), Capex / Assets (Capital Expenditures / Assets), Dividend Dummy (set to 1 if the firm pays dividend, zero otherwise), Governance total (sum of Shareholder rights, Takeover defences, Disclosure and Board), Shareholder rights, Takeover defences, Disclosure and Board. Regressions are made with firm fixed and year fixed effects. OLS regression is used with White's heteroskedasticity consistent standard errors. Standard errors are presented between parentheses. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 level, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-cash-to-assets-ratio-by-industry-2veqrcm6.png Table 5. Summary statistics cash-to-assets ratio by industry, 1990-2005 The cash-to-assets ratio is defined as Cash and Cash Equivalents divided by Net Assets, where Net Assets is Total Assets minus Cash and Cash Equivalents. The cash-to-assets ratio is winsorized at the mean plus and minus three times the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/corporation-income-taxes-and-the-cost-of-capital-a-revision-v1kctomht0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cost-of-capital-mms-tax-correction-model-thin-line-1uiackd3.png Figure 6. cost of capital: mm’s tax correction model (thin line) and the revised tax model (bold line) https://scispace.com/papers/corpus-based-dialectometry-aggregate-morphosyntactic-10dp0wlljb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fuzzy-mds-map-county-level-n-38-all-features-ptotal-3cyzi7b7.png Figure 6: Fuzzy mds map, county level (N = 38), all features (ptotal = 62); input: cophenetic distance matrix (clustering algorithm: wpgma); felicitousness of the mds solution: r = .96. Similar colours indicate likely membership in the same dialect area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fuzzy-mds-map-county-level-n-38-all-features-ptotal-3f5ymfgm.png Figure 7: Fuzzy mds map, county level (N = 38), all features (ptotal = 62); input: cophenetic distance matrix (clustering algorithm: ward); felicitousness of the mds solution: r = 1.00. Similar colours indicate likely membership in the same dialect area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlating-linguistic-and-geographic-distances-3q9i0ghm.png Figure 1: Correlating linguistic and geographic distances, county level (N = 38), all features (ptotal = 62), r = .22, p = .00. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlating-linguistic-and-geographic-distances-3d43n56v.png Figure 2: Correlating linguistic and geographic distances, county level (N = 38), geographically significant features only (pgeo = 23), r = .41, p = .00. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-composite-cluster-map-county-level-n-38-all-nn4o09lp.png Figure 4: Composite cluster map, county level (N = 38), all features (ptotal = 62); input: cophenetic distance matrix (clustering algorithm: wpgma). Darker borders indicate more robust dialect boundaries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-composite-cluster-map-county-level-n-38-all-2waz3p0i.png Figure 5: Composite cluster map, county level (N = 38), all features (ptotal = 62); input: cophenetic distance matrix (clustering algorithm: ward). Darker borders indicate more robust dialect boundaries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-continuum-map-regular-mds-on-euclidean-distance-19xn1s67.png Figure 3: Continuum map: regular mds on Euclidean distance matrix (county level). Labels are three-letter Chapman county codes (see http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/Regions/Codes.html for a legend). Smooth colour transitions indicate the presence of a dialect continuum. Reddish colours correlate best with increased frequencies of multiple negation, greenish colours correlate best with higher frequencies of non-standard weak past tense and past participle forms, and bluish colours correlate best with increased frequencies of wh-relativisation. https://scispace.com/papers/correcting-tensile-test-results-of-ecae-deformed-aluminium-548qe0gp7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-actual-smallest-cross-section-values-from-1zbzytpv.png Table 1: Actual smallest cross-section values from interrupted tensile tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-tensile-sample-profile-at-16-total-strain-as-37g4lqhm.png Figure 2: The tensile sample profile at 16% total strain as calculated from the Segal method, measured crosssections and the measured profile by Laser-Interferometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-true-stress-true-strain-curves-computed-with-1mg9tvnu.png Figure 1: True stress-true strain curves, computed with different assumptions, (a) Geometrical methods: assumed homogeneous deformation, Segal correction, interrupted tensile tests; (b) Segal correction, FE method optimized elasto-plastic material law when using Segal as initial input, FE method optimized elasto-visco-plastic material law of Norton-Hoff type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-force-displacement-curves-as-obtained-1mv7rhf0.png Figure 4: (a) Force-displacement curves as obtained experimentally and resulting from FE simulations using both non-optimized and optimized Segal material laws and the EVP Norton-Hoff law; and (b) the obtained tensile sample profiles as measured by laser and as obtained from the FE results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-sample-geometry-with-testing-diameter-5-mm-and-3403dbzv.png Figure 3: (a) Sample geometry, with testing diameter 5 mm and testing length 10 mm and (b) FE axisymmetric mesh using a four-node, assumed-strain element. https://scispace.com/papers/correcting-the-disconnect-between-phylogenetics-and-48pnrv1dsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-distribution-of-two-coral-genera-montastraea-20avqx6o.png FIGURE 1. Top. Distribution of two coral genera (Montastraea and Favites) in the waters off the northern Australian coast with data drawn from the Atlas of Living Australia. Bottom. Distributions of two clades of corals as inferred from a phylogeny of the corals (Fukami et al. 2004). The left panel is the tree in which two separate clades are mapped on the right. The maps are drawn from individual species distributions from the Atlas of Living Australia.[i] Distribution of six coral species including Montaserea curta (light blue), and (ii) Distribution of four species of coral including two species of Montastrea. The distributions of M. curta and M. valenciennesi are broadly sympatric, but the genus is non-monophlytic, which suggests evolutionary convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-biodiversity-resources-available-through-phylojive-1kn4grfr.png FIGURE 2. Biodiversity resources available through PhyloJIVE. Bold text indicates web services and external web pages currently available. https://scispace.com/papers/correlating-synthesis-parameters-with-physicochemical-1x3nj30f45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dsc-thermograms-plotting-the-specific-heat-capacity-1a4opmhh.png Figure 5. DSC thermograms plotting the specific heat capacity as a function of temperature of PGS films depending on (a) curing temperature and (b) time and (c) sebacic acid:glycerol molar ratios. The values between brackets are the glass transition temperatures, Tg. The melting temperatures, Tm, have been located, when possible, at the maximum of the endothermic melting peak. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mass-loss-of-pgs-films-as-a-function-of-curing-mr3k8a04.png Figure 6. Mass loss of PGS films as a function of curing temperature and time and sebacic acid:glycerol molar ratios after (a) 14 and (b) 28 days in water and 0.01 M NaOH (aq) at 37ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-density-b-equilibrium-water-contents-of-pgs-films-1fw7i69o.png Figure 3. (a) Density, (b) equilibrium water contents of PGS films as a function of curing temperature and time and sebacic acid:glycerol molar ratios. (c) Molecular mass between crosslinks (Mc) of the PGS networks estimated through the relationship between the crosslink density and elastic modulus for rubbers, and Flory-Huggins parameter (χ) estimated through Flory-Rehner equation, which relates the volume fraction of polymer at equilibrium swelling with the crosslink density. In (a), 110ºC vs 150ºC and 1:1 vs 2:1, p<0.05. In (b), 110ºC vs others and 24 h vs 96 h, p<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-images-of-the-pgs-surface-cultured-with-mxxkgwa9.png Figure 8. SEM images of the PGS surface cultured with fibroblasts for (a, d, g, j) 5 h, (b, e, h, k) 4 days and (c, f, i, l) 7 days. Samples were prepared from equimolar sebacic acid:glycerol mixtures and cured (a-c) at 130ºC/48 h, (d-f) at 130ºC/96 h and (g-i) at 150ºC/48 h and (j-l) prepared from a 2:1 sebacic acid:glycerol mixture and cured at 130ºC/48 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stress-strain-curves-obtained-from-compressive-25erli1i.png Figure 4. Stress–strain curves obtained from compressive experiments performed on PGS films as a function of (a) curing temperature and (b) time and (c) sebacic acid:glycerol molar ratios. Insets: initial Young modulus, E; for samples cured at 110ºC vs 130, 140 and 150ºC, those cured at 120ºC vs 130, 140, 150ºC, those cured at 24 h vs 48, 72, 96 h and those prepared from SA:G 1:1 vs 2:1, p<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fluorescence-microscopy-images-of-the-pgs-surfaces-3iym0i8n.png Figure 7. Fluorescence microscopy images of the PGS surfaces cultured with fibroblasts for 7 days. Samples were prepared from equimolar sebacic acid:glycerol mixtures and cured (a) at 130ºC/48 h, (b) at 130ºC/96 h and (c) at 150ºC/48 h and (d) prepared from a 2:1 sebacic acid:glycerol mixture and cured at 130ºC/48 h. Surfaces were pretreated with Sudan Black to avoid autofluorescence and stained with DAPI (cell nuclei) in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ftir-spectra-of-pgs-films-prepared-from-equimolar-3hxpzxt1.png Figure 2. FTIR spectra of PGS films prepared from equimolar SA:G ratios and cured (a) at increasing temperatures for 48 h, and (b) for different times at 130ºC, and (c) PGS films prepared from 1:1 and 2:1 SA:G ratios and cured at 130ºC/48 h. The values between brackets are transmittances ratio between 3480 cm-1 and 1720 cm-1. (d) Water contact angles (WCA) on samples prepared following the different procedures, in their dry state and equilibrated in water. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pgs-films-prepared-from-equimolar-sa-g-ratios-and-i7iz9dx5.png Figure 1. PGS films prepared from equimolar SA:G ratios and cured (a) at increasing temperatures (from left to right: 110ºC, 120ºC, 130ºC, 140ºC and 150ºC) for 48 h, and (b) for different times at 130ºC (24, 48, 72 and 96 h). (c) PGS films prepared from 0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1 sebacic acid:glycerol ratios and cured at 130ºC/48 h. The values between brackets are mass fractions (%) of efficiently crosslinked chains, i.e., ratios of experimental mass after rinsing per reagents unit mass at different synthesis conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/correlation-between-cu-ion-instability-and-persistent-1oi8kzvitl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photoluminescence-pl-spectral-change-of-cu1-dimers-at-1xrektn0.png FIG. 4. Photoluminescence~PL! spectral-change of Cu1 dimers at Tb525 K under the 3.492-eV and 30-Hz excitation.~a! PL spectra measured at 0 s~dash-dotted line!, 300 s~dotted line!, and 3000 s ~solid line! after the laser exposure with the 8.5-mJ/cm2 energy density is started. The PL-data accumulated time is 10 s.~b! PL spectra after the various temperature cycles: 100 K~dash-dotted line!, 150 K ~dotted line!, 175 K ~dashed line!, and 200 K~solid line! under the laser irradiation with the 420-nJ/cm2 energy density. The temperature-cycling measurements were done after the 1 laser exposure with the 850-mJ/cm2 energy density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-persistent-spectral-holes-of-cucl-nanocrystals-embed-1z29a7b3.png FIG. 1. Persistent spectral holes of CuCl nanocrystals embed in a NaCl crystal at 2 K.~a! Absorption spectra before~dash-dotted line! and after~solid line! the laser exposure;~b! absorption-spectra change measured at 2 min~dotted line! and 20 min~solid line! after the burning laser is stopped. The main hole~d! and satellite holes ~m, n, j, and h! are clearly observed. The mean radius of t nanocrystals is 3.5 nm. The burning photon energy, the energy sity, the pulse duration, the pulse repetition, and the excitation riod are 3.245 eV, 33mJ/cm2, 5 ns, 30 Hz, and 3 min, respectively https://scispace.com/papers/correctly-translating-concurrency-primitives-1op8t8uyq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-calculi-considered-in-this-paper-qkppi2jt.png Table 1. Overview of the calculi considered in this paper https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-busy-wait-encoding-of-buffers-ig7q29jo.png Figure 11. Busy-wait encoding of buffers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-implementing-the-buffer-operations-buffer-put-and-2j8xscoh.png Figure 9. Implementing the buffer operations buffer, put and get, where (1), (2), (3) indicate subexpressions for later reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-types-expressions-and-processes-of-lt-fch-2u34zc09.png Figure 1. Types, expressions and processes of λτ (fch) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-types-of-expressions-4qwjjrx6.png Figure 3. Types of expressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structural-congruence-of-processes-2464cad4.png Figure 2. Structural congruence of processes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-well-typed-processes-29k5pfwk.png Figure 4. Well-typed processes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evaluation-contexts-3af18tn1.png Figure 5. Evaluation contexts https://scispace.com/papers/correlation-between-multifractal-spectrum-based-on-wavelet-3cgl6ormxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-electrocardiogram-series-j8rlond4.png Figure 1. An example of Electrocardiogram series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multifractal-spectrum-and-its-concave-hull-referred-kp53gyb7.png Figure 2. Multifractal spectrum and its concave hull referred to series of figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/correlation-of-age-and-haematoma-volume-in-patients-with-2o2xlwbv1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-14l5zmiq.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2k4dlktd.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ymvu50pr.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3n64jt46.png Table 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-foe7nhxb.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fef6ri7z.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/corrosion-evaluation-and-prevention-of-reactor-materials-to-4ascf3lz0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tcm-reaction-properties-for-the-corrosion-vacuum-16cpk5ln.png Table 1. TCM reaction properties for the corrosion vacuum tests. 170 https://scispace.com/figures/table-74-21bj79eh.png Table 74 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reactor-test-operating-conditions-179-69qfr1xg.png Table 2. Reactor test operating conditions. 179 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-initial-and-final-weight-of-the-cu-specimen-under-11hvdlzn.png Table 3. Initial and final weight of the Cu specimen under study and calculated CR. 251 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1d8anqha.png Figure 10. https://scispace.com/papers/corrosion-behavior-of-reactor-materials-in-fluoride-salt-3odcxf3hmn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hot-leg-sections-of-nicke1-mo1ybdenum-chromium-bhu0lv7f.png Fig. 3. Hot-Leg Sections of Nicke1-Mo1ybdenum-Chromium Convection Loops Following 500-hr Exposure to Fluoride Fuel. mixture: NaF-LiF-KF-UF'4 (11.2-45.3-41.0-2.5 mole 10). 250X. 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-corrosion-product-concentrations-of-salts-tested-3cl7lmwt.png Table II. Corrosion-Product Concentrations of Salts Tested with Experimental Nickel.Malybdenum Alloys Containing Multiple Allay Additions Salt Mixture: NaF -li F-K F-UF 4 (11.2-45.3-41.0-2.5 mole %) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-appearance-of-hot-leg-surface-of-a-ternary-nickel-322h3x5p.png Fig. 4. Appearance of Hot-Leg Surface of a Ternary Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy Containing 5.55 at. % Cr Following Exposure to Fluoride Fuel. Heat No. OR30-2. Salt mixture: NaF-LiF-KF-UF4 (ll.2-45.3-4l.(}2.5 mole %). 250X. Reduced 4%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diagram-of-forced-convection-loop-used-for-evaluation-1le2o2py.png Fig. 5. Diagram of Forced-Convection Loop Used for Evaluation of INOR-8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-calculated-corrosion-rate-and-cumulative-attack-for-2zbiihdh.png Fig. 10. Calculated Corrosion Rate and Cumulative Attack for 800°C Section of INOR-8 Loop Containing Pre-e~uilibrated NaF-ZrF4-UF4 (50-4&-4 mole %) Salt. Assumed test conditions: hot-leg temperature, 800°C; cOld-leg temperature, 600°C. Salt in e~uilibrium with INOR-8 at 600°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-corrosion-product-concentrations-of-salts-tested-with-33c75zoc.png Fig. 1. Corrosion-Product Concentrations of Salts Tested with https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-relative-thermodynamic-stabilities-of-fluoride-2xpiume7.png Table III. Relative Thermodynamic Stabilities of Fluoride Compounds Formed by Elements Employed as Alloying Additions https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-corrosion-rates-of-inserts-located-in-the-1f1p9zr6.png Table IV. Corrosion Rates of Inserts Located in the https://scispace.com/papers/corruption-inequality-and-fairness-3ichnwa8m6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-fairness-combined-with-the-meltzer-1bnecl5s.png Figure 4: The effect of fairness combined with the Meltzer-Richard effect — multiple steady states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-standard-meltzer-richard-effect-unique-steady-3mbrt7te.png Figure 1: The standard Meltzer-Richard effect — unique steady state in the absence of corruption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-fairness-multiple-steady-states-in-xbt8v45x.png Figure 3: The effect of fairness — multiple steady states in the absence of any self-motivated redistribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-self-sustained-corruption-multiple-steady-states-in-2zvp06t7.png Figure 2: Self-sustained corruption — multiple steady states in the absence of both the standard Meltzer-Richard effect and the concern for fairness. https://scispace.com/papers/corruption-the-issues-1uunwreymv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typology-of-public-sector-corrupt-practices-1s0ot5az.png Table 1. Typology of Public sector Corrupt Practices https://scispace.com/papers/cosmic-ray-short-burst-observed-with-the-global-muon-2b3l5wt80e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-solar-wind-parameters-and-muon-count-rates-observed-1gbz2rcy.png Figure 3. Solar wind parameters and muon count rates observed by four vertical channels of the GMDN between 12:00 and 24:00 UT of 2015 June 22. Figures 3(a)– (c) display 1 minute solar wind data from the OMNIWeb data set, while solid circles in panels (d)–(g) show Ii,j(t) recorded in four vertical channels of the GMDN. Each panel displays (a) solar wind velocity (blue curve) on the left vertical axis and IMF strength (red curve) and its dispersion (green curve) on the right vertical axis, (b) proton density (red curve) and temperature (blue curve) on the left and right vertical axes, respectively, (c) three GSE-components of IMF, and (d)–(g) 10 minute muon count rates recorded in four vertical channels of GMDN (solid circles) each with the count rate error. Panels (a)–(c) show 1 minute data, while gray curves in (d), (e), and (g) also display 1 minute count rates (σci,j). Only 10 minute data are available from “Kuwait City” in (f). The dotted curves in panels (d)–(g) display the best-fit count rate I ti j, fit ( ), while red and blue curves show contributions from the anisotropy and density to I ti j,fit ( ) (see the text). Vertical gray solid and dotted lines indicate arrival times of the strong shock and HCS, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-imf-and-anisotropy-on-both-2yte4ipr.png Figure 4. Illustration of the IMF and anisotropy on both sides of the HCS. The left panel displays the up-wind and down-wind IMF vectors BU( and BD) by green vectors on both sides of the HCS indicated by a plane with gray frames, while the right panel illustrates the solar wind velocity VSW( ) and the velocity of Earth’s orbital motion vE( ), which are used for the corrections of the solar wind convection and Compton–Getting effect, by unfilled and gray filled arrows, respectively. Black axes on both panels represent the GSE coordinate system, while blue axes on the right panel represent the HCS coordinate system in which the z-axis directs parallel to the normal vector of the HCS. Three red arrows in the right panel illustrate the observed cosmic-ray streaming orientation (opposite to the anisotropy) rapidly changing across the HCS (see Figure 5(c) and the text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-and-estimated-responses-to-the-2thfg9vm.png Table 1 Characteristics and Estimated Responses to the Geomagnetic Storm of Four Vertical Channels of GMDN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asymptotic-viewing-directions-of-60-directional-3mjqd065.png Figure 1. Asymptotic viewing directions of 60 directional channels of the GMDN. Each colored cross shows the asymptotic direction viewed by a directional channel recording primary cosmic rays with the median primary rigidity Pm, while the small solid symbol indicates the location of each detector. Each detector is indicated by a different color; Nagoya (NGY) in red, Hobart (HBT) in blue, Kuwait City (KWT) in brown, and São Martinho da Serra (SMS) in green. Two colored dashed lines for each detector connect the north–south and east–west directional channels, respectively, with the vertical channel at the intersection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-best-fit-density-and-anisotropy-for-the-same-period-171p4vu9.png Figure 5. Best-fit density and anisotropy for the same period as Figure 3. Each panel displays best-fit parameters derived from 10 minute data of GMDN, (a) cosmicray density, (b) total amplitude of the anisotropy (green curve) and amplitudes of perpendicular (red circles) and parallel (blue circles) components to the local IMF, (c) GSE-longitude (red circles on the left vertical axis) and latitude (blue circles on the right vertical axis) of the anisotropy, (d) amplitude of the total anisotropy corrected for the solar wind convection and Compton–Getting effect (green curve) and amplitudes of perpendicular (red circles) and parallel (blue circles) components to the local IMF, (e) GSE-x (black circles), y (blue circles), and z (red circles) components of the cosmic-ray density gradient calculated by assuming the diamagnetic drift streaming for the perpendicular anisotropy, (f) amplitudes of perpendicular (red circles) and parallel (blue circles) components of the anisotropy to the HCS together with the total anisotropy amplitude (green curve), (g) the longitude (red circles) and latitude (blue circles) of the anisotropy in the HCS coordinate system (see Figure 4 and the text). Vertical lines indicate arrival times of the strong shock (gray solid line) and HCS (gray dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-errors-of-the-best-fit-parameters-evaluated-from-13huyleh.png Figure 6. Errors of the best-fit parameters evaluated from the count rate error (σci,j). From left to right, each panel displays the error of I0(t), tx GEOx ( ), ty GEOx ( ), and tz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-deviation-of-the-geomagnetic-cutoff-rigidity-from-znhdf4hy.png Figure 7. Deviation of the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity from its nominal value calculated by using the latest geomagnetic field model (TS05) during a period between 18:00 and 22:00 UT of June 22. Each upper panel displays the deviation (ΔPc) by a black curve on the left vertical axis calculated as a function of the universal time (UT) for the vertical channel of each detector in GMDN, while each lower panel shows the observed muon count rate with the reversed vertical axis for comparison with ΔPc in the upper panel. Note different ranges of ΔPc on the left vertical axes in the upper panels. Also shown in each upper panel by a gray curve is the reproduced Dst index on the right vertical axis, together with the observed hourly Dst index shown by gray diamonds. Vertical lines in each panel indicate arrival times of the strong shock (gray solid line) and HCS (gray dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solar-wind-parameters-and-cosmic-ray-density-2p0w731k.png Figure 2. Solar wind parameters and cosmic-ray density between 2015 June 20 and 26. Panel (a) displays 10 minute averages of solar wind velocity (blue curve) and IMF strength (red curve), while panel (b) shows the cosmic-ray density derived from best-fitting to 10 minute GMDN data. Arrival times of three shocks are indicated by the gray vertical lines. https://scispace.com/papers/cosmic-ray-interactions-in-the-solar-atmosphere-35ye4v6mk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-canopy-geometry-assumed-by-seckel-et-al-1992-1iygi8aa.png Figure 2. The canopy geometry assumed by Seckel et al. (1992). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-histogram-of-field-magnitude-at-the-footpoints-of-holuxxio.png Figure 7. Histogram of field magnitude at the footpoints of open fields in the model studied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-standard-nist-pstar-range-energy-relationship-for-3k12inpa.png Figure 4. Standard (NIST/PSTAR) range–energy relationship for protons in hydrogen. https://scispace.com/papers/cost-effective-solar-concentrators-based-on-red-fluorescent-p41brg2wcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-absorption-and-emission-spectra-lexc-450-nm-of-a-0-347njpy7.png Figure 4. Absorption and emission spectra (λexc = 450 nm) of a 0.3 wt.% ZnL/PMMA film with a thickness of 25±5 µm https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concentration-factors-c-and-optical-efficiencies-1ghzmaxf.png Table 2. Concentration factors (C) and optical efficiencies (ηopt) calculated for ZnL/PMMA LSCs and compared to those of ZnL/PMMA LSCs with similar geometrical factor19, 43 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fitting-parameters-of-the-photocurrent-data-measured-m1qu8rfn.png Table 1. Fitting parameters of the photocurrent data measured for ZnL/PMMA and LR/PMMA43 films. For both systems, the film thickness was 25±5 µm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalised-absorption-and-emission-lexc-450-nm-1imvl0d7.png Figure 2. Normalised absorption and emission (λexc. = 450 nm) spectra of ZnL in (a) dioxane and (b) THF solutions (5⋅10-6 mol/L). The red emission of the ZnL dioxane solution (inset Figure 1a) was taken by exciting with a Dark Reader 46B transilluminator (Multiple blue LEDs, ∼ 450 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-zinc-n-n-bis-2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene-2iysj1ko.png Figure 1. Structure of Zinc N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene)-diaminomaleonitrile (ZnL). Atoms are represented by spheres of different colours: Zn grey, C green, O red, N cyan, and H white. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fluorescence-peak-emission-intensity-vs-absorbance-2nr1ai8i.png Figure 5. Fluorescence peak emission intensity vs. absorbance (black filled circles) of ZnL/PMMA films of a thickness of 25±5 µm with increasing dye concentration and photocurrent (open circles) measured for the same films at different dye content (wt.%). Photocurrents were fitted with eq. 1 (red curve) with parameters listed in Table 1 (see below). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-td-dft-computed-vertical-excitation-and-emission-v29kkcnr.png Figure 3. (a) TD-DFT computed vertical excitation and emission energies computed on ground (S0) and excited state (S1) minima, respectively, in dioxane and THF solutions. Implicit, PCM, and discrete-continuum, (solvent)2-PCM, solvation model are compared on absorption energies. Experimental values are from Figure 2; the grey area represents the Stokes shift. (b) Molecular orbital (MO) energy levels for ZnL(Dioxane)2-PCM and ZnL(Tetrahydrofuran)2-PCM: blue solid lines represent the MOs at the ground state minimum, while the dashed red lines represent the MO levels at the S1 TD-DFT optimized structure; the vertical transitions of interest in absorption (solid blue arrow) and emission (dashed red arrow) involve only HOMO and LUMO orbitals. (c) Isodensity surface plots of HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals for the ZnL(Dioxane)2-PCM system (positive and negative values are depicted in yellow and cyan, respectively, with a contour threshold value of 0.02). https://scispace.com/papers/cosmological-evolution-of-brane-world-moduli-3azze6rln7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-evolution-of-r-with-different-initial-conditions-2wndxg75.png FIG. 1. The evolution of R with different initial conditions for the case of radiation and matter on the positive tension brane and no matter on the negative tension brane. We find that R is driven towards zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-i-i0-eq-68-for-initial-conditions-which-2ma53qk0.png FIG. 8. Evolution of I/I0 (eq. (68)) for initial conditions which are allowed by nucleosynthesis. The value of the gravitational constant at nucleosynthesis was of order one percent larger than its value today. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-of-i-i0-eq-68-for-initial-conditions-which-38hx0ucl.png FIG. 9. Evolution of I/I0 (eq. (68)) for initial conditions which are forbidden by nucleosynthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-field-r-as-a-function-of-redshift-202opj0p.png FIG. 6. Evolution of the field R as a function of redshift with different initial conditions. The constraint today is R < 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-of-the-field-ph-as-a-function-of-redshift-95tsx0fx.png FIG. 7. Evolution of the field φ as a function of redshift with different initial conditions. Note that when the potential energy starts to dominate, φ changes its time–evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-evolution-of-ph-for-different-initial-conditions-fa2a3z38.png FIG. 4. The evolution of φ for different initial conditions with the same cosmology as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-density-parameter-i-as-a-function-of-18gw8oa7.png FIG. 5. Evolution of the density parameter Ωi as a function of redshift for radiation, matter and the scalar fields. When the potential of the moduli dominates, the universe is accelerating. Note, that in order to explain the values for the energy density of dark energy, one has to fine–tune the parameters of the theory. For these plots we have set α = 0.01. The dark matter lives on the positive tension brane, there is no matter on the negative tension brane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-evolution-of-r-with-different-initial-conditions-lp682egu.png FIG. 3. The evolution of R with different initial conditions for the case of radiation and matter on the positive tension brane and pressureless matter on the negative tension brane. We find that R is driven towards zero for all cases. Note, that if the ratio ρ2/ρ1 grows, R evolves faster towards zero. The ratios of ρ2/ρ1 are given by 0, 0.11, 0.25, 0.42 and 0.5, for the curves from the right to the left. https://scispace.com/papers/cost-benefits-of-flexible-hybrid-cloud-storage-344yioro3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cost-savings-due-to-the-refinement-of-the-1c17e6g6.png Figure 7: Cost savings due to the refinement of the reassessment interval for different times of refinement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cost-savings-due-to-the-refinement-of-the-msya06pk.png Figure 8: Cost savings due to the refinement of the reassessment interval for different levels of utility premium u https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metrics-used-in-cost-based-analysis-of-cloud-yhs0f1ys.png Table 1: Metrics used in cost-based analysis of cloud deployment alternatives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-change-in-the-cost-savings-vs-the-change-in-the-392dcmal.png Figure 10: Change in the cost savings (∆) vs. the change in the demand estimation error (|ε0| − |ε2|) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-growth-of-the-ncar-archiving-storage-during-1986-v7w7111g.png Figure 5: Growth of the NCAR archiving storage during 1986-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-forecasted-and-real-storage-growth-2b1z2194.png Figure 9: Forecasted and real storage growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hybrid-cloud-costs-without-refinement-of-17dpccob.png Figure 1: Hybrid cloud costs without refinement of reassessment interval https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-errors-and-the-change-in-cost-savings-3kinlqd0.png Table 2: Estimation errors and the change in cost savings https://scispace.com/papers/cost-effectiveness-analysis-with-influence-diagrams-4x28fvg6he 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-result-of-applying-algorithm-1-to-the-1h8a3sg5.png Figure 3: The result of applying Algorithm 1 to the interventions {nth, th1, th2} is a CEP whose thresholds are the slopes of the lines from nth to th1 and from th1 to th2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cep-potential-for-the-utility-node-in-figure-4-the-2rn46m8r.png Table 2: CEP potential for the utility node in Figure 4. The values of cost and effectiveness are obtained from Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-initial-influence-diagram-built-by-the-evaluation-2xwikx74.png Figure 4: Initial influence diagram built by the evaluation algorithm. Node U results from combining the three utility nodes in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cost-effectiveness-partition-cep-of-four-2x4s83zd.png Figure 1: A cost-effectiveness partition (CEP) of four thresholds (five intervals). All the λ’s inside the i-th interval have the same cost (ci), effectiveness (ei), and optimal intervention (Ii). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cost-and-effectiveness-of-each-intervention-for-the-1kqhosz6.png Table 1: Cost and effectiveness of each intervention for the Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-influence-diagram-obtained-after-reversing-the-arc-3afig8kh.png Figure 5: Influence diagram obtained after reversing the arc Disease → Test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-influence-diagram-obtained-after-removing-the-node-sb4zmnsy.png Figure 6: Influence diagram obtained after removing the node Disease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cost-effectiveness-influence-diagram-for-the-38swrfd4.png Figure 2: Cost-effectiveness influence diagram for the Example 1. https://scispace.com/papers/cost-effectiveness-of-ashrae-standard-90-1-2010-compared-to-1wq528utbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-8-incremental-costs-2samyulo.png Table 4.8. Incremental Costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-quantity-of-addenda-included-in-the-cost-estimate-16r72qql.png Figure 3.1. Quantity of Addenda Included in the Cost Estimate by Standard 90.1 Chapter https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-occupancy-sensor-control-types-65f9dij0.png Table 4.6. Occupancy Sensor Control Types https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-sources-of-cost-estimates-by-cost-category-n33rgvsv.png Table 4.1. Sources of Cost Estimates by Cost Category https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-9-comparison-of-total-building-cost-and-incremental-mm57o6x1.png Table 4.9. Comparison of Total Building Cost and Incremental Cost (per Ft2 and percentage) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-prototype-buildings-3nuze3kq.png Table 2.1. Prototype Buildings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-hvac-systems-in-selected-prototypes-2of9njbd.png Table 2.2. HVAC Systems in Selected Prototypes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-small-office-air-distribution-system-3oz1ouul.png Figure 4.1. Small Office Air Distribution System https://scispace.com/papers/cost-efficiency-estimations-and-the-equity-returns-for-the-2c31aaqurx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sampledescriptivestatistics-k3fxvnva.png TABLE 2 Sampledescriptivestatistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-three-year-returns-for-all-formation-years-1jx94xf5.png TABLE 8 Three-year returns for all formation years https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-average-cost-efficiency-scores-during-threeyear-2c3tyg3w.png TABLE 9 Average cost efficiency scores during threeYear holdingperiod https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-company-accounting-data-are-from-compustat-north-15lzq72d.png TABLE A.1 Company accounting data are from COMPUSTAT North America: Financial Statements and FundamentalAnnuals https://scispace.com/papers/cost-evaluation-and-optimisation-of-hybrid-multi-effect-4tuefoxtce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fresh-water-cost-versus-steam-flow-rate-of-the-med-3uein3z2.png Fig. 7. Fresh water cost versus steam flow rate of the MED process (𝑇𝑠(𝑀𝐸𝐷)= 70 °C, 𝑄𝑓(𝑅𝑂)= 0.058 m³/s, 𝑃𝑓(𝑅𝑂)= 50 atm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-equations-of-economic-model-for-ro-process-1nex6icf.png Table 3. Equations of economic model for RO process https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-modelling-of-individual-reverse-osmosis-process-4dwjnpwy.png Table A.2. Modelling of individual Reverse Osmosis process (Adapted from Filippini et al. (2018)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-between-the-non-optimised-and-optimised-203pn4kw.png Table 7. Comparison between the non-optimised and optimised hybrid MED+RO systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-full-med-ro-system-with-ro-2k9tmj0j.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of full MED+RO system, with RO process placed upstream (Adapted from Filippini et al. (2018)) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-non-optimised-operating-conditions-from-3vv73y84.png Table 6. The non-optimised operating conditions from Filippini et al. (2018) and the optimised values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-used-in-the-economic-model-of-med-tvc-2tp4qrk0.png Table 2. Parameters used in the economic model of MED-TVC https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-economical-comparison-between-med-with-tvc-and-med-vblm9agj.png Table 5. Economical comparison between MED with TVC and MED without TVC section. (Ts(MED)= 70 °C, Ms(MED)= 8 kg/s, Qf(RO)= 0.058 m 3 /s, P(RO) = 50 atm) https://scispace.com/papers/cost-efficient-lie-group-integrators-in-the-rkmk-class-4q4dvuhygn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-commutators-involved-in-some-rkmk-methods-23md3ip8.png Table 1: Number of commutators involved in some RKMK methods. Columns indicate order (p), number of stages (s), the number of commutators as presented originally in [7] (Orig), the number indicated by the free Lie algebra approach of [8] (FLA), and the number obtained by the approach of this paper (New). The numbers in parenthesis refer to the embedded pair (whenever it differs). https://scispace.com/papers/coulomb-drag-in-parallel-quantum-dots-429zr5033v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-parallel-double-quantum-dot-system-342khhey.png Fig. 1: A sketch of the parallel double-quantum-dot system. There is no tunneling between the dots but they influence each other through the long-range Coulomb interaction of strength U . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-drag-current-in-configuration-a-for-7543sln7.png Fig. 4: (Color online) Drag current in configuration A for different values of the coupling strength VR1 and VL1. The regions of negative differential conductance are suppressed at VR1 = 0.5. This means that the interdot transitions are less important and that electrons rather tunnel out in the leads. Other parameters are U = 0.15, kT = 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-current-through-the-passive-dot-in-jp43tp9l.png Fig. 5: (Color online) The current through the passive dot in configuration B as a functions of the bias V2 at different temperatures. Passive dot in configuration B. VL1 = VR1 = 0.25, U = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-c-relevant-regions-of-the-density-of-w8eabf9y.png Fig. 3: (Color online) (a)–(c) Relevant regions of the density of states for the passive dot in configuration B (µ0 = 2.25). (d) The upper level is populated in configuration A even if it is located above the chemical potential of the leads. In this case µ0 = 1. Other parameters are as in fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-the-currents-through-the-dots-as-a-3gf1qnu1.png Fig. 2: (Color online) (a) The currents through the dots as a function of bias applied on the active dot. Full line: JL1 (configuration A), long-dashed line: JL1 (configuration B), dashed line: J2 (configuration A), dotted line: JL2 (configuration B). The 3rd level in configuration A is above the chemical potential of the leads. (b) The occupation numbers of the dots as a function of V2. Full line: N1 (configuration B), long-dashed line: N1 (configuration A), dashed line: N2. Other parameters: U = 0.15, VL1 = VR1 = 0.25, VL2 = VR2 = 0.5, kT = 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/could-free-trade-alleviate-effects-of-climate-change-a-b2xqvobhov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-decomposition-of-aggregate-average-welfare-impacts-2781yww4.png Figure 14: Decomposition of aggregate average welfare impacts by effect in Morocco and Turkey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1b-evolution-of-distribution-across-scenarios-of-2dun067l.png Figure 1b: Evolution of distribution across scenarios of intrinsic productivity growth rates for irrigated and rainfed wheat in the top five producing countries of the IFPRI database https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-evolution-of-distribution-across-scenarios-of-2takz0kw.png Figure 1b: Evolution of distribution across scenarios of intrinsic productivity growth rates for irrigated and rainfed wheat in the top five producing countries of the IFPRI database https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-average-yield-impact-in-ifpri-and-image-in-change-2sjsgac6.png Table 9: Average yield impact in IFPRI and IMAGE (in % change) https://scispace.com/figures/table-24-net-impacts-on-domestic-sales-disposal-in-morocco-vgjnntv5.png Table 24: Net impacts on domestic sales disposal in Morocco and Turkey by sector (in % change) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-regional-distribution-of-climate-induced-projected-13gu77sl.png Figure 6: Regional distribution of climate-induced projected yield, and impacts on welfare and gross domestic product https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distribution-of-net-welfare-impacts-by-climate-aq1maori.png Figure 11: Distribution of net welfare impacts by climate scenario and by category https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regional-matching-between-the-gtap-and-ifpri-regions-377n64ff.png Table 5: Regional matching between the GTAP and IFPRI regions https://scispace.com/papers/counting-rotten-apples-student-achievement-and-score-1s6ea1mxv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bounds-on-score-distributions-x8wnpo0j.png Figure 8: Bounds on Score Distributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-average-counterfactual-scores-by-2oy2uiqd.png Table 2: Estimates of Average Counterfactual Scores by Compliance Types and Percent of Honest and Dishonest Teachers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-regional-rankings-using-raw-and-adjusted-scores-5krkmzyf.png Figure 9: Regional Rankings using Raw and Adjusted Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentages-of-honest-and-complying-teachers-33xymwfq.png Figure 3: Percentages of Honest and Complying Teachers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-naive-bounds-on-e-y0-39af4msh.png Figure 5: Naive Bounds on E [Y0] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compliance-types-2wjkdxyo.png Table 1: Compliance Types https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-average-counterfactual-scores-by-2uzh3jwv.png Table 2: Estimates of Average Counterfactual Scores by Compliance Types and Percent of Honest and Dishonest Teachers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bounds-on-e-y0-using-behavioral-restrictions-2ir3j160.png Figure 6: Bounds on E [Y0] using Behavioral Restrictions https://scispace.com/papers/coupled-mixed-model-for-joint-genetic-analysis-of-complex-4tx6a3qglb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-roc-curves-of-the-compared-methods-in-terms-of-1wwbbpcv.png Figure 2: The ROC curves of the compared methods in terms of identifying the SNPs that are jointly associated with both phenotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-existing-challenges-when-f1uvhrzk.png Figure 1: Illustration of the existing challenges when conducting a joint analysis on two independently collected data sets with two different phenotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-snps-that-the-cmm-method-identifies-from-both-g8b8tsd7.png Table 1: The SNPs that the CMM method identifies from both the SUD and the AD data sets. The SNPs are ranked by the absolute values of their estimated effect sizes, and showed in the “SUD rank” and “AD rank” columns. The information of whether a SNP is located within a region of a gene is taken from the Database for Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP) (Sherry et al., 2001), and listed in the “Gene” column. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-minor-allel-frequencies-mafs-of-the-five-3az4p26r.png Table 2: The minor allel frequencies (MAFs) of the five identified SNPs in the case (“AD” column) and the control (“C” column) samples. The overall MAFs (in “all” column are reported for reference. The p-values of the student’s t-tests are also reported. The statistically significant p-values which are below the threshold of 0.05 are shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-interactions-between-trpv1-and-9-sud-related-1aeybmgv.png Figure 3: The interactions between TRPV1 and 9 SUD-related drugs. Violet ellipses represent drugs of abuse; black solid edges represent known interactions in DrugBank; and red dashed edges represent predicted interactions using the PMF model. https://scispace.com/papers/coupled-acoustic-mode-propagation-through-continental-shelf-469wih6jxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-the-offset-along-the-initial-acoustic-wavefront-of-24ym66ke.png Fig. 18. The offset along the initial acoustic wavefront of modes that exit the ISW in unison, after refraction, are shown schematically for the SIA geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pe-computational-results-similar-to-those-of-fig-7-are-1i74ihyy.png Fig. 8. PE computational results similar to those of Fig. 7 are shown, except that initial energy is in mode 3. The lines are coded as before. The case for L = 700 m shows much transfer from mode 3 to mode 4, unlike the initial mode 1 energy which behaved adiabatically (Fig. 7). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pe-computations-of-mode-amplitude-versus-position-fylhtniw.png Fig. 7. PE computations of mode amplitude versus position within ISW’s are shown for ISW’s havinga = 15 m andL = 25, 75, 250, and 700 m [(a)–(d)]. The acoustic frequency is 400 Hz, with a lossless bottom. Initial energy is in mode 1. Modes 1 and 4 are shown with solid lines, modes 2 and 5 with dashed, and modes 3 and 6 with dotted. Coupling is the strongest at L = 75 m, with most energy going into modes 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-basic-environment-is-shown-there-are-two-2msz2oe2.png Fig. 1. The basic environment is shown. There are two isothermal mixed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-horizontal-paths-of-acoustic-modes-1-dashed-line-1bayxt87.png Fig. 16. The horizontal paths of acoustic modes 1 (dashed line) and 3 (dotted line) are shown crossing an ISW ofa = 15,L = 100 m atx = 0. The angle between the acoustic and ISW propagation is 60 at x far from zero. The profile of mode 1 wavenumberk1 is shown in scaled form. The maximum of k1 is 1.6803 and the minimum is 1.6775. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-sia-computed-mode-amplitudes-after-propagation-1cvz5vku.png Fig. 14. SIA computed mode amplitudes after propagation through tophat ISW’s of variable L and fixed a = 12 m are shown, along with PE computational results of Fig. 10, forsech-type ISW, a =15. (a) The case of initial (before ISW) mode 1 energy is shown. Annotation 1-P indicates mode 1 from PE, 2-S indicates mode 2 from SIA, etc. Line types indicate mode number as in previous figures. (b) The case of initial mode 2 is shown, with line types the same as (a). (c) The case of initial mode 3 is shown. Unlike (a) and (b), mode 1 amplitude is omitted and mode 4 is shown because very little energy couples to mode 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-pe-computed-mode-amplitudes-after-complete-isw-25vin0k4.png Fig. 12. PE computed mode amplitudes after complete ISW traversal are shown. The cases are analogous to those of Fig. 11, withL = 100 m and a variable. The decreased coupling at highera for initial modes 2 and 3, shown in (b) and (c), respectively, occurs because of reinforcing coupling at intermediate scales (a of 12–15 m) on both sides of the ISW trough which does not appear at higha. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-similar-to-fig-4-except-for-200-hz-the-line-types-are-7i9llsp1.png Fig. 5. Similar to Fig. 4, except for 200 Hz. The line types are as labeled in Fig. 4: (a) The mode1=j adiabatic boundaries(a ij) are similar to those of 400 Hz. (b) The2=j boundaries are lower than for 400 Hz. (c) The mode3=j boundaries are very low, much different than the 400-Hz case, especially 3/4. (d) The 4=j boundaries are very low, so adiabatic transmission is expected for virtually all L. https://scispace.com/papers/coupling-analysis-for-sway-motion-box-with-internal-liquid-13mxh6yy1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-of-sway-motion-amplitudes-for-various-1vqj21e6.png FIG. 16: Comparison of sway motion amplitudes for various filling depths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coupling-strategy-for-the-ship-motion-response-with-2n2gvlgu.png FIG. 2: Coupling strategy for the ship motion response with internal sloshing flow under wave action. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-time-signals-between-the-external-2i19xjhz.png FIG. 8: Comparison of the time signals between the external wave and internal sloshing forces and the corresponding internal sloshing free surface pattern of B150D186 under Ai = 0.005 m (ωl = ωn = 8.60 rad/s). (a) ω = 8.60 rad/s, (b) ω = 8.80 rad/s, (c) ω = 9.10 rad/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-of-the-sway-motion-amplitudes-for-various-1wrhrpq5.png FIG. 13: Comparison of the sway motion amplitudes for various tank breadths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mesh-resolutions-number-of-cells-in-the-1j02cubw.png TABLE II: Mesh resolutions (number of cells in the computational domain) for the convergent tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-test-cases-and-corresponding-geometries-and-2tr9jt8c.png TABLE I: List of test cases and corresponding geometries and parameters in the present study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-signals-of-the-sway-motion-response-for-the-box-22w1ejzj.png FIG. 3: Time signals of the sway motion response for the box under wave actions. (a) D = 0.094 m, B = 0.150 m, Ai = 0.015 m, and ω = 8.00 rad/s, (b) D = 0.186 m, B = 0.150 m, Ai = 0.015 m, and ω = 8.70 rad/s, (c) D = 0.290 m, B = 0.150 m, Ai = 0.015 m, and ω = 8.90 rad/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-sway-motion-amplitudes-with-and-xwyekpdu.png FIG. 7: Comparison of the sway motion amplitudes with and without the influence of internal sloshing flow motion at an incident wave amplitude of Ai = 0.005 m. (a) B = 0.150 m, and D = 0.094 m, (b) B = 0.225 m, and D = 0.094 m, (c) B = 0.300 m, and D = 0.094 m, (d) B = 0.150 m, and D = 0.186 m, (e) B = 0.225 m, and D = 0.186 m, (f) B = 0.300 m, and D = 0.186 m, (g) B = 0.150 m, and D = 0.290 m, (h) B = 0.225 m, and D = 0.290 m, (i) B = 0.300 m, and D = 0.290 m. https://scispace.com/papers/coupling-heterogeneous-multiscale-fem-with-runge-kutta-53yibotu70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ec0-l2-t-error-solid-lines-and-el2-h1-t-error-2kfbuxik.png Figure 2: eC0(L2),T error (solid lines) and eL2(H1),T error (dashed lines) versus Nmacro. The lines correspond respectively to Nmicro = 4, 8, 16, 32. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-random-problem-of-section-6-4-solutions-at-final-eauhot75.png Figure 3: Random problem of Section 6.4. Solutions at final time t = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linear-problem-94-97-ec0-l2-t-error-solid-lines-and-2htam7v2.png Figure 1: Linear problem (94)-(97). eC0(L2),T error (solid lines) and eL2(H1),T error (dashed lines) versus the number Nsteps of timesteps. Fine macro and micro meshes (Nmacro = Nmicro = 128). https://scispace.com/papers/covid-19-in-823-transplant-patients-a-systematic-scoping-3db7oly5nb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-flowchart-1gws2qe4.png Figure 1. Study flowchart https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-common-clinical-presentation-and-3v303eeb.png Table 4. Comparison between common clinical presentation and major outcomes of COVID-19 in transplant vs non-transplant patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-illness-severity-and-organ-pz4i7l0f.png Table 3. Distribution of illness severity and organ transplant https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-common-immunosuppressive-therapy-at-baseline-and-1uqfr68w.png Table 2. Common Immunosuppressive therapy at baseline and changes after COVID-19 diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-the-study-designs-of-the-review-2un5257n.png Table 1. Distribution of the study designs of the review https://scispace.com/papers/covid19-2020-a-tutorial-of-sorts-on-reading-data-55xg2dauvh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-horizontal-distance-between-the-affected-and-39ntli8f.png Figure 3: Horizontal distance between the affected and removed curves. Red: raw removed data. Blue: shifted removed data. From top left to bottom right: Brazil (stable around 15), Israel (stable around 18-20, singularity between the twowaves), USA (under-reported recovered cases), Germany (stable around 16), Italy (under-reported recovered cases) and Switzerland (stable around 10-15). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dlk-incremental-logarithmic-isps-empirical-1az6buvq.png Figure 7: DLK: Incremental logarithmic ISPS. Empirical measurement until day 207 (August 15) and projected scenario beyond. From top left to bottom right: Brazil, Israel, USA, Germany, Italy, Switzerland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-logarithmic-incremental-affected-cases-blue-and-20w8hc2c.png Figure 4: Logarithmic incremental affected cases (blue) and their linear regressions on logarithmic infected cases (red), each country in its training period. From top left to bottom right: Brazil, Israel, USA, Germany, Italy, Switzerland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-proportion-of-incremental-dead-cases-out-of-rek9bsnr.png Figure 6: The proportion of incremental dead cases out of incremental removed cases. From top left to bottom right: Brazil, Israel, USA, Germany, Italy, Switzerland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-g-116-modified-assessments-of-infected-cases-jan-1yqm5x7x.png Figure 10: γ = 116 modified assessments of infected cases, Jan 22 2020 to August 12 2020. Blue: affected cases, yellow: recovered cases, red: infected. From top left to bottom right: Brazil, Germany, Israel, Italy, Switzerland and USA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-estimation-recovered-cases-calibration-and-1zmkfhiv.png Table 1: Parameter estimation, recovered cases calibration and determination of training period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimation-other-than-g-fixed-at-116-lr5gzt9u.png Table 2: Parameter estimation (other than γ, fixed at 116 ), recovered cases calibration and determination of training period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-infected-cases-red-raw-data-yellow-2hfm8wgq.png Figure 2: Number of infected cases. Red: raw data, yellow: inferred from shifted raw data, blue (working version): regression-adjusted. From top left to bottom right: Brazil, Israel, USA, Germany, Italy, Switzerland. https://scispace.com/papers/coxeter-groups-as-beauville-groups-14z2exq4sy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-traces-of-non-trivial-powers-of-the-elements-1eqdup99.png Table 2. The traces of non-trivial powers of the elements appearing in the proof of Lemma 2.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-matrices-corresponding-to-the-simple-24ge6429.png Figure 4. The matrices corresponding to the simple reflections in our representation of W (H4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-matrices-verifying-that-w-e8-is-a-strongly-real-2ulsz0vq.png Figure 3. The matrices verifying that W (E8) is a strongly real Beauville group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-traces-of-non-trivial-powers-of-the-elements-oe2z9922.png Table 4. The traces of non-trivial powers of the elements appearing in the proof of Lemma 3.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elements-of-the-groups-bn-for-small-n-that-provide-u0l0pd9b.png Table 3. Elements of the groups Bn for small n that provide strongly real Beauville structures proving Lemma 2.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-matrices-verifying-that-w-e7-is-a-strongly-real-19dndcgz.png Figure 2. The matrices verifying that W (E7) is a strongly real Beauville group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-elements-of-the-groups-dn-for-small-n-that-provide-155vvn5u.png Table 6. Elements of the groups Dn for small n that provide strongly real Beauville structures proving Lemma 3.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-traces-of-non-trivial-powers-of-the-elements-87pg8mw1.png Table 5. The traces of non-trivial powers of the elements appearing in the proof of Lemma 3.2. https://scispace.com/papers/cr-as-a-key-factor-for-direct-synthesis-of-multi-walled-4eom3dsaio 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-images-of-mwcnts-synthesized-by-two-oxidation-34n4rwp4.png Fig. 5. SEM images of MWCNTs synthesized by two oxidation durations (a) 5 min and (b, c) 120 min. Reduction duration was constant at 60 min. The image of (c) is expansion of square in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-oxidation-duration-on-average-diameter-of-2ubm7y2i.png Fig. 6. Influence of oxidation duration on average diameter of MWCNTs synthesized on SUS316. Reduction duration was constant at 60 min. Inset shows an example TEM image of MWCNTs produced by the present study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-component-distributions-in-sus316-after-two-oxidation-bcaggo3q.png Fig. 7. Component distributions in SUS316 after two oxidation durations (a) 60 min and (b) 120 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-components-in-alloys-used-in-the-present-study-2idaorp5.png Fig. 1. Components in alloys used in the present study. Concentrations were analyzed by EDX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-explanatory-schematic-image-of-formation-mechanism-of-yi7ck4ug.png Fig. 8. Explanatory schematic image of formation mechanism of MWCNT and mushroom structures on the surface of SUS316. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sem-images-of-mwcnts-synthesized-by-two-reduction-3fx6m3wm.png Fig. 9. SEM images of MWCNTs synthesized by two reduction durations (a) 3 min and (b) 120 min. Oxidation duration was constant at 60 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-images-of-the-surfaces-of-substrates-after-three-2lwm73ki.png Fig. 2. SEM images of the surfaces of substrates after three steps (oxidation step, reduction step, and CVD step) on which MWCNTs were not formed by synthesis conditions in the present study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-influence-of-reduction-duration-on-thickness-of-mwcnt-c31xov0r.png Fig. 10. Influence of reduction duration on thickness of MWCNT film and average diameter of MWCNTs. Oxidation duration was constant at 60 min. https://scispace.com/papers/cr-doped-tise2-a-layered-dichalcogenide-spin-glass-3echvnrac7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structural-characterization-of-1t-ti1-xcrxse2-x-2-a-1hbmtsaq.png Figure 1. Structural characterization of 1T-Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2. (a and b) The overall crystal structure of 1T-TiSe2 (a), (b) Composition dependence of the room temperature lattice parameters a and c for Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6), (c) and (d) refined powder Xray diffraction data for the two structural models for Ti0.4Cr0.6Se1.7. The superioriy of the model for metal interstitials (Model 2) over selenium vacancies (Model 1) is seen through comparison of the difference plots. Regions of interest are marked by circles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-characterization-of-the-resistivity-of-ti1-xcrxse2-mcycniwz.png Figure 7. Characterization of the resistivity of Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2. The temperature dependence of the ratios (ρ/ρ300K) for polycrystalline pellets of Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2 (0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-curie-weiss-plots-for-ti1-xcrxse2-x-2-a-inverse-9ngs08ls.png Figure 4. Curie-Weiss plots for Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2. (a) Inverse susceptibility (1 / χ - χ0) versus temperature in a 1 T field for Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2. Inset: effective moment and Curie Weiss temperatures. (b) Plot of C/|θcw|(χ-χ0) versus T/|θcw| for Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2 (x = 0.03, 0.07, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5). This plot shows that these compounds exhibit consistent Curie behavior at high temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spin-glass-characterization-of-ti1-xcrxse2-x-2-a-2g7b236s.png Figure 5. Spin glass characterization of Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2 (a) Temperature dependence of the dc susceptibility in an applied field of 200 Oe for Ti0.5Cr0.5Se1.75. (b) Temperature dependence of the ac susceptibility in an applied field of 20 Oe for Ti0.5Cr0.5Se1.75 as a function of frequency. (c) M-H curve for Ti0.5Cr0.5Se1.75 at 2 K. (d) The behavior parameterized in a fit to the Volger-Fulcher law. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-general-magnetic-characterization-of-ti1-xcrxse2-x-39m4z091.png Figure 3. General Magnetic characterization of Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2 (a) Magnetic susceptibility (χ) versus temperature for Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2 (x = 0, 0.07, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6). Inset χ at 200 K vs. x for Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2. (b) Normalized χ/χmax versus temperature in a 200 Oe field for Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2 (x = 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-heat-capacity-characterization-of-ti1-xcrxse2-x-2-16ohmqfb.png Figure 6. Heat capacity characterization of Ti1-xCrxSe2-x/2. Main Panel: heat capacity of Ti1-xCrxSe2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5) in the form of Cp/T over a wide temperature range. The prsensence of extra entropy at low temperarture for the Cr-doped materials is clearly seen. Inset: The temperature dependence of the excess heat capacity of Ti1xCrxSe2 (x = 0.25, 0.5), determined by the subtraction of the heat capacity of TiSe2. This heat capacity must be a reflection of the spin freezing in the system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-resolution-transmission-electron-microscopy-2sw9p97x.png Figure 2. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HETEM) characterization of 1T-Ti0.6Cr0.4Se1.8 (a) crystal model in the [100] zone; (b) and (c) HAADF-STEM image in the [100] zone at different magnifications; (d) HAADFSTEM image in the [001] zone; (e)-(i) Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra (g-i) obtained at each pixel during scanning in the boxed area (e,f). Intensities of the core-loss edge of each element were integrated and mapped in the scanning area to show the elemental distribution at the atomic level. No segregation of Cr was found. https://scispace.com/papers/crack-imaging-by-scanning-laser-line-thermography-and-laser-25vg8atd05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-d-ghost-point-finite-difference-heat-diffusion-2tas97vy.png Figure 1. 1-D ‘ghost point’ finite difference heat diffusion model. Heat flux is balanced when it flows into, through and out of the crack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-simulation-of-laser-line-image-after-100ms-2z5lbs38.png Figure 5. (a) Simulation of laser line image after 100ms heating. (b) Temperature difference across the crack as a function of laser line distance to the crack https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-difference-across-a-crack-for-a-laser-1je38inn.png Figure 6. Temperature difference across a crack for a laser line source when (a) crack opening changes. (b) crack length changes. (c) crack depth changes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-laser-line-source-crossing-the-centre-part-of-the-1s5wk5vr.png Figure 11. Laser line source crossing the centre part of the crack. (a) Simulation of thermal image of the laser line (b) First differential image. (c). Second differential image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-laser-line-source-crossing-the-tip-of-the-crack-a-32pwtagj.png Figure 10. Laser line source crossing the tip of the crack. (a) Simulation of thermal image of the laser line (b) First differential image. (c). Second differential image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-titanium-test-piece-with-a-crack-of-11mm-long-3um-1tdegufm.png Figure 17. Titanium test-piece with a crack of 11mm long, 3µm wide. (a) Summed first derivative imaging result by LLT method; (b) Summed second derivative imaging result using the LLT method; (c) Summed first derivative imaging result by the LST method (d) Summed second derivative imaging result by the LST method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-in-the-simulations-2dw4qcv6.png Table 1. Parameters used in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-simulation-of-laser-spot-image-after-50ms-heating-3jw0i87s.png Figure 4. (a) Simulation of laser spot image after 50ms heating. (b) Temperature difference across the crack as a function of laser spot distance to the crack. https://scispace.com/papers/creative-destruction-and-optimal-patent-life-in-a-variety-2off20vdhg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-steady-state-equilibrium-at-l-20-or-l-using-ads4n173.png Figure 1: Steady State Equilibrium at l = 20 or l → ∞, using baseline parameter values for eqs. (26a) & (26b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-scenario-a-is-benchmark-with-ps-ph-1-product-279omrpq.png Table 2: Scenario A is benchmark with ψ = φ = 1. Product innovation, monopoly firms, and hazard rate, as ψ (coefficient of creative destruction) or φ (coefficient of research congestion or patent races) is increased. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-analysis-optimal-patent-length-and-1is857do.png Table 3: Sensitivity analysis: optimal patent length and changes in ψ, φ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-parameter-values-2cha7bm4.png Table 1: Baseline parameter values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-patent-length-balancing-gains-from-3ia72xpc.png Figure 2: Optimal patent length: balancing gains from innovation against welfare losses from both increased R&D intensity (saving) and increased net monopoly distortion; distances a and b are equal approximately, meaning dUn ≈ |dU s + dUM | with dUM = dUM/price + dUM/cost (given dl ≈ l = 1), where dU(l = i) ≈ U(l = i) − U(l = i− 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensitivity-analysis-optimal-patent-length-and-27kllys6.png Table 5: Sensitivity analysis: optimal patent length and changes in θ (inverse of research productivity). As θ is increased, an active R&D sector requires a longer minimum patent length, but the world calls for a shorter optimal patent length. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivity-analysis-optimal-patent-length-and-3eypr7n4.png Table 4: Sensitivity analysis: optimal patent length and changes in ε and β https://scispace.com/papers/creating-well-defined-hot-spots-for-surface-enhanced-raman-ahyc0fli0h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-optical-microscope-images-of-the-fabrication-28patfqh.png Figure 1. (a, b) Optical microscope images of the fabrication procedure of crossed Ag nanowires by using a nanomanipulator. (c) SEM image of the same crossed Ag nanowires. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-optical-microscope-images-of-crossed-ag-rs4g9scl.png Figure 3. (a-c) Optical microscope images of crossed Ag nanowires. The green laser spot was focused on the crossing point of Ag nanowires, a single Ag nanowire, and a glass substrate, respectively. (d) The corresponding SERS spectra of BCB at the laser spots in panels a-c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-afm-images-and-section-analyses-of-a-b-crossed-and-2o8l7g6o.png Figure 2. AFM images and section analyses of (a, b) crossed and (c, d) parallel Ag nanowires on which we obtained SERS spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sers-spectra-of-a-pma-and-b-pmba-for-the-crossed-au-2yivcpt0.png Figure 4. SERS spectra of (a) pMA and (b) pMBA for the crossed Au nanowires. The insets are an optical microscope image and a magnified SEM image of crossed Au nanowires. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-c-optical-microscope-images-of-parallel-ag-2v7yu8fg.png Figure 5. (a-c) Optical microscope images of parallel Ag nanowires. The green laser spot was focused on the parallelly touching Ag nanowires, separated Ag nanowires, and a glass substrate, respectively. (d) The corresponding SERS spectra of BCB at the laser spots in panels a-c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-polar-plots-of-integrated-sers-intensity-of-the-24r2ggg6.png Figure 6. Polar plots of integrated SERS intensity of the 1650 cm-1 Raman band of BCB at (a) crossed Ag nanowires and (b) parallel Ag nanowires. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-local-electric-field-intensities-e-2-of-a-crossed-297xq6hk.png Figure 7. Local electric field intensities |E|2 of (a) crossed Ag nanowires, (b) a single Ag nanowire on a glass substrate, and (c, d) parallel Ag nanowires with different incident polarization directions. The FDTD method was used for calculations with an incident light wavelength of 514.5 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-from-fdtd-calculation-compared-with-2d9ixxl0.png TABLE 1: Results from FDTD Calculation Compared with Experimental SERS Intensity https://scispace.com/papers/credit-quantity-and-credit-quality-bank-competition-and-5e7juefedo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-general-equilibrium-dynamics-4s8em7l8.png Figure 3: General equilibrium Dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-steady-state-equilibrium-m-and-k-3ugj2irs.png Figure 4: Steady-state equilibrium m and K https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-n-when-th-is-high-and-low-xecikt25.png Figure 5: Effect of N when θ is high and low https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-p-and-x-1ljmczn7.png Figure 1: Equilibrium p and X https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-equilibrium-m-and-k-2ln1oidk.png Figure 2: Equilibrium m and K https://scispace.com/papers/creative-potential-and-conceptual-tempo-in-preschool-41m2bs30f1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-msfm-total-scores-and-time-tl69si7y.png Table 2 Correlations between MSFM total scores and time measurements with KRISP error and latency scores https://scispace.com/papers/credit-risk-in-general-equilibrium-yan9pc28jr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-competitive-borrowing-and-lending-in-equilibrium-a4map3b2.png Figure 1: Competitive borrowing and lending in equilibrium without default. Optimality of decisions requires that the utility gradients πi of the lender and the borrower are orthogonal to the space of net income transfers T spanned by the possibility to trade a bond. The equilibrium problem is then to find a price q that rotates the space of net income transfers in a way that the net transfers add up to zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-competitive-borrowing-and-lending-with-bankruptcy-z5cynyez.png Figure 2: Competitive borrowing and lending with bankruptcy. What was the net transfer space before now gets a kink. Optimality for the lender requires that his utility gradient π1 is orthogonal to the ray spanned by the vector T l = (−q, r). For the borrower the utility gradient π2 is orthogonal to the ray spanned by T s = (q,−1) because he holds a short position in the bond. The default penalty is equal to the vertical distance of his optimal decision point to the point where his date one consumption is zero. The equilibrium problem is that q and r have to adjust such that the linear space spanned by T l = (−q, r) passes through the time 1 zero consumption point of agent 1. At this point the real net transfers are such that they add up to zero. https://scispace.com/papers/crimetelescope-crime-hotspot-prediction-based-on-urban-and-14gwxnpihj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-of-building-training-and-testing-datasets-fzgfrtfg.png Figure 8 Example of building training and testing datasets over time https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-crime-data-in-different-types-march-bsbpja09.png Table 2 Statistics of crime data in different types (March 2015 in NYC) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-poi-categories-in-two-different-w3wtnz7d.png Figure 5 Distribution of POI categories in two different grid cells https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-crime-data-in-different-boroughs-march-98xe3a0c.png Table 1 Statistics of crime data in different boroughs (March 2015 in NYC) https://scispace.com/papers/critical-biomass-harvesting-applying-a-new-concept-for-1nit22uyrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exceedance-of-critical-harvesting-in-spruce-forest-1sj8tzel.png Figure 3. Exceedance of critical harvesting in spruce forest at stem harvesting (a) and 317 whole-tree harvesting (b) 318 319 320 321 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exceedance-of-critical-harvesting-in-pine-forest-at-327ynp7g.png Figure 4. Exceedance of critical harvesting in pine forest at stem harvesting (a) and 323 whole-tree harvesting (b) 324 325 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-critical-harvesting-at-the-deposition-of-2020-1r326r94.png Figure 2. Critical harvesting at the deposition of 2020 according to the EMEP model in 304 spruce forests (a) and in pine forests (b). 305 306 In spruce forest the critical harvesting was exceeded in most parts of the southern half of 307 Sweden and along the coast in the north, already at stem-harvesting (Figure 3). Whole-308 tree harvesting increased the area with exceeded critical harvesting slightly, but above all 309 it led to higher exceedances in southern Sweden (Figure 3, Table 2). In pine forests the 310 critical harvesting was exceeded in 50% of the merged catchments at stem harvesting, but 311 the exceedance was generally low (Figure 4; Table 2). Whole-tree harvesting led to a 312 somewhat larger fraction of catchments where the critical harvesting was exceeded. 313 314 315 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-losses-of-base-cations-ca-mg-na-k-at-stem-2ncmlaea.png Figure 1. Losses of base cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) at stem harvesting in spruce forests (a), 286 whole-tree harvesting in spruce forests (b), stem harvesting in pine forests (c) and whole-287 tree harvesting in pine forests (d). 288 289 290 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-harvest-losses-critical-harvesting-and-exceedance-at-2oxcxarp.png Table 2. Harvest losses, critical harvesting and exceedance at stem-only and whole-tree 291 https://scispace.com/papers/critical-realism-and-economic-anthropology-3mv4d09fc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-categories-for-diachronic-analysis-of-property-2vyeyk05.png Table 1: Basic categories for diachronic analysis of property rights https://scispace.com/papers/crop-selection-under-price-and-yield-fluctuation-analysis-of-3v33i15020 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-loadings-from-pca-38z8d5rb.png Table 2: Loadings from PCA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-farmers-cultivating-the-eight-main-crops-ogpv219t.png Table 3: Number of farmers cultivating the eight main crops in the watershed of the Soyang Lake in the Gangwon Province. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ssa-decomposition-of-the-crop-yield-a-rice-b-beans-111oqxnt.png Figure 5: SSA decomposition of the crop yield: (a) rice, (b) beans, (c) potato, (d) radish, (e) cabbage and (f) pepper. The number in parenthesis shows the ratio of eigenvalues. The trend component contains the mean, the others show the variability around it. The yellow area shows ± standard deviation around the trend component. Note that the time scale is years and not months as for the price data. Fluctuations with periods of 23 years and 16 years (trend) were chosen for rice and the other crops, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principal-component-analysis-of-farmers-1diwzxdr.png Figure 1: Principal Component Analysis of farmers’ characteristics. Arrows show original variables. The direction and the length of the arrows show the correlation between the original variables and the principal components. The more an arrow is parallel to the axis, the more the original variable is related to this particular principal component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ssa-decomposition-of-the-portfolio-prices-a-three-1cdkebqc.png Figure 4: SSA decomposition of the portfolio prices: (a) three-crops portfolio (beans (35.0%), pepper (32.5%), and cabbage (32.5%)) and (b) five-crops portfolio (potato (29%), pepper (27.7%), beans (17.4%), cabbage (14.4%) and radish (11.5%)).For both portfolio, four periods of fluctuation were considered: larger than 24 months (trend), 6–24 months (seasonality), 3–5.9 months, smaller than 2.9 months. The number in parenthesis shows the ratio of eigenvalues. The trend component contains the mean, the others show the variability around it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-korean-domestic-rice-price-converted-in-usd-ton-and-36j0co6a.png Figure 7: Korean domestic rice price converted in USD/ton and world rice price in USD/ton (left), SSA decomposition of the world rice price (right). Four groups of fluctuation were considered: larger than 24 months (trend), 6–24 months (seasonality), 3–5.9 months, smaller than 2.9 months. The number in parenthesis shows the ratio of eigenvalues. The trend component contains the mean, the others show the variability around it. The world rice data was Thailand nominal price quote obtained from the World Bank Global Economic Monitor (GEM) Commodities. The exchange rate from Korean Won to USD for each year was obtained from the World Bank World Development Indicators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ssa-decomposition-of-the-crop-prices-a-rice-b-beans-pdyz1057.png Figure 3: SSA decomposition of the crop prices: (a) rice, (b) beans, (c) potato, (d) radish, (e) cabbage and (f) pepper. Four groups of fluctuation were considered: larger than 24 months (trend), 6–24 months (seasonality), 3–5.9 months, smaller than 2.9 months. The number in parenthesis shows the ratio of eigenvalues. The trend component contains the mean, the others show the variability around it. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-risks-adjusted-revenue-for-the-analysed-period-from-55riubcp.png Table 4: Risks adjusted revenue for the analysed period from 1996 to 2011. https://scispace.com/papers/crop-yield-reduction-in-the-tropics-under-climate-change-53trhs6p86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-number-of-ensemble-members-from-a-total-of-18-1e3c2l3c.png Figure 5. The number of ensemble members, from a total of 18, which predict an increase in yields between the baseline and scenario periods. The results for the fixed–duration crop are very different to those of the variable duration crop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-the-ensemble-values-2vwgpmr0.png Figure 6. Mean and standard deviation of the ensemble values of percentage change in yield between the baseline and 2071–2100 scenarios. The fixed–duration crop has been used for these simulations, so that any changes are due to changes in growth processes only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-of-the-humidity-sensitivity-analyses-3qsrh744.png Figure 7. Results of the humidity sensitivity analyses, carried out on two crop models: the DSSAT CROPGRO model (D) and QNUT (Q). Four regions (CE, NW, SP and GJ) are shown. CROPGRO simulations used two values of the soil fertility factor, SLPF. Three sensitivity analyses on CROPGRO are shown. Two of these adjusted the maximum and minimum temperatures (+2 and -2 ◦C, respectively), whilst using either the Ritchie version of the Priestley–Taylor equation or the Penman–FAO method to calculate evapotranspiration. The third method adjusted VPD directly by multiplying it by 1.5. This third method was also used with QNUT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-18-scenario-simulations-grouped-by-properties-2fchpcgn.png Table I. The 18 scenario simulations grouped by properties. Four of the crop model parameter variations affect simulation in both the baseline climate and the future climate (2071–2100) scenarios (there are therefore four corresponding baseline simulations — see text). Six of the parameter variations affect only the scenario simulations. Each unique pair of scenario parameter variations (Large/Small TE Increase, Reduced/Same SLA Limit) adds up to 18. The final two rows add up to 15, since the three Reduced VPD–TE Interaction scenario simulations had their own (small) value of the parameter controlling increases in TE at low VPD (see CW07). All scenario simulations used a value of the physiologically–limited maximum transpiration that was 17% lower than the corresponding baseline value. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-18-scenario-simulations-described-in-terms-of-39nyqy5z.png Table II. The 18 scenario simulations, described in terms of the four parameter properties listed in table I: the baseline parameter set to which changes were applied and the imposed changes, under elevated CO2, in transpiration efficiency (TE) and maximum specific leaf area (SLA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-the-statistics-bars-indicate-means-s-ylae7msf.png Figure 1. Change in the statistics (bars indicate means, σ indicates standard deviation) of growing–season weather (precipitation, P and mean daily temperature, T ) between the 1961-90 baseline simulation and the 2071–2100 simulation. Crosses indicate regions where no simulations were carried out. Also shown are the four regions used for further analysis. From north to south, these are: NW, GJ, CE and SP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ensembles-of-thirty-year-mean-yields-from-the-2071-1aj60bmp.png Figure 2. Ensembles of thirty–year mean yields from the 2071–2100 scenario simulations using individual grid cells within each of two regions (CE and GJ; see figure 1a). Each ensemble consists of a number of simulations grouped by crop model parameter values, as described in table I. (a) and (b) show the 18 simulations grouped by perturbations of baseline parameter sets (each group having various scenario parameter sets). (c) and (d) show the simulations grouped by perturbations of scenario parameter sets (each with a number of baseline sets). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-of-the-temperature-sensitivity-analysis-3u04pktk.png Figure 8. Results of the temperature sensitivity analysis, carried out on two crop models: the DSSAT CROPGRO model (D) and QNUT (Q). Yields for the climate change scenario (CCS) were simulated using no CO2 increase, so that only changes in climate affected the simulations. Rainfed (Rfd) and irrigated (Irr) runs are shown. CROPGRO simulations used two values of the soil fertility factor, SLPF. All CROPGRO simulations used the Ritchie calculation of evapotranspiration, as this the option which minimises any systematic influence of VPD (see figure 7). The 18 GLAM ensemble members are also shown as boxplots (whiskers show full range, boxes show inter–quartile range, and bars show median). These GLAM simulations have been corrected for the impact of increased CO2, as described in the text. Mean temperature changes were calculated over the first 90 days of crop growth. In the baseline simulations, the corresponding temperatures are, from left to right, 23.8, 27.4, 27.9 and 27.9 ◦C. These last three temperatures are close to the range of optimal temperatures for development (Topt) across all three crop models. https://scispace.com/papers/cross-chronotope-alignment-in-senegalese-oral-narrative-19z74lyr17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synoptic-chart-of-mr-ndomes-narratives-fe96i8sl.png Table 1 Synoptic chart of Mr. Ndome’s narratives https://scispace.com/papers/cross-contamination-avoidance-for-droplet-routing-in-digital-4kdg7wtskq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-for-optimization-model-in-clock-cycles-3p134edw.png TABLE II PARAMETERS FOR OPTIMIZATION MODEL (IN CLOCK CYCLES). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-of-the-proposed-method-with-the-32rlc54v.png TABLE III COMPARISON OF THE PROPOSED METHOD WITH THE BASELINE METHOD FOR EXAMPLE 2 (CONTAMINATION WITHIN SUBPROBLEM). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-the-proposed-method-with-the-baseline-zhs05veq.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF THE PROPOSED METHOD WITH THE BASELINE METHOD FOR EXAMPLE 1 (CONTAMINATION WITHIN SUBPROBLEM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-routes-for-sub-problem-7-with-or-without-wash-2ca9tu4l.png Fig. 3. Routes for sub-problem 7 with or without wash operation: (a) disjointrouting solution for sub-problem 7; (b) disjoint routes for sub-problem 8 when no wash operation is performed before it; (c) disjoint routes for sub-problem 8 when a wash operation performed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-module-placement-for-the-multiplexed-in-vitro-2tgf0gvt.png Fig. 1. Module placement for the multiplexed in-vitro diagnostics example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-disjoint-routing-and-cross-contamination-oblivious-4un5wjpt.png Fig. 2. Disjoint routing and cross-contamination-oblivious routing for subproblem 3: (a) three 2-pin nets and two 3-pin nets; (b) Route 2 violates the timingdelay constraint; (c) feasible routes for all the nets using the disjoint-routing method; (d) routing results obtained using the cross-contamination-oblivious routing method. https://scispace.com/papers/cross-cultural-variations-in-naive-psychology-among-2-year-20mibyr533 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cont-jc9fy5n8.png Table 2 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/figs-1-and-2-the-battery-of-tasks-was-selected-to-ensure-33qgdyq5.png Figs 1 and 2. The battery of tasks was selected to ensure that the full range of children’s naïve psychology could be assessed. This study is the first phase of a 2-year longitudinal study, so representational tasks were included to create consistency across phases of the research. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-characteristics-of-uk-and-singapore-gil8op84.png Table 2 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-comparing-performance-of-naive-psychology-169mncmw.png Table 3 Results comparing performance of naïve psychology tasks (M (SD)) between UK and Singapore cohorts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stimuli-used-for-representational-tasks-1-9eta6avi.png Figure 2. Stimuli used for representational tasks. 1=Representational change; 2=False-belief (puppy-lemon); 3=False-belief (hat-pen); 4=Appearancereality; 5=Level-2 visual perspective-taking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-on-non-representational-tasks-of-uk-and-bs0fmmm0.png Figure 3. Performance on non-representational tasks of UK and Singapore cohorts. 1=Attribution of pretend properties; 2=Object substitution; 3=Discrepant Desires; 4=Action prediction; 5=Emotion prediction; 6=Level-1 visual perspective-taking; 7=Pretend transformation and mental-reality distinction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stimuli-used-for-non-representational-tasks-1-37cdfm01.png Figs 1 and 2. The battery of tasks was selected to ensure that the full range of children’s naïve psychology could be assessed. This study is the first phase of a 2-year longitudinal study, so representational tasks were included to create consistency across phases of the research. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-on-representational-tasks-of-uk-and-5ju8snzm.png Figure 4. Performance on representational tasks of UK and Singapore cohorts. 1=Representational change; 2=False-belief (puppy-lemon); 3=Falsebelief (hat-pen); 4=Appearance-reality; 5=Level-2 visual perspective-taking. https://scispace.com/papers/cross-device-taxonomy-survey-opportunities-and-challenges-of-2rubom7yex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tracking-characteristics-and-modalities-of-the-cross-slboom7p.png Table 2: Tracking characteristics and modalities of the cross-device papers with tracking as a main contribution. Our tracking classification directly relates to surveys of tracking technologies in ubicomp [126, 137]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-evaluation-methods-used-in-our-corpus-in-round-2esbh1ni.png Table 5: Evaluation methods used in our corpus (in round brackets are the number of papers employing each strategy). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ontology-of-cross-device-research-terminology-1doxgeef.png Figure 1: Ontology of cross-device research terminology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-interaction-techniques-for-cross-device-1nl6ucy8.png Table 3: Overview of interaction techniques for cross-device computing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-taxonomy-of-cross-device-design-space-dimensions-2e5k9emk.png Figure 2: Taxonomy of cross-device design space dimensions: temporal, configuration, relationship, scale, dynamics and space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cross-device-visualisation-and-management-dyn4o2wd.png Table 4: Cross-device visualisation and management. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cross-device-application-domains-nine-application-2ul1mmuy.png Table 1: Cross-device application domains: Nine application categories (and sub categories) with examples use cases. https://scispace.com/papers/cross-linguistic-influence-in-simultaneous-cantonese-english-3n6wgg2wx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-colour-online-sample-picture-pair-o7m6z2hc.png Figure 1. (Colour online) Sample picture pair. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-proportion-of-error-types-and-standard-errors-290pmz2r.png Figure 4. Mean proportion of error types and standard errors for bilingual group for English subject and object RCs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-test-sentences-for-each-condition-1tfge768.png Table 3. Examples of Test Sentences for Each Condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-error-types-for-monolingual-and-1bh8lzp5.png Figure 3. Distribution of error types for monolingual and bilingual groups for Cantonese Ge- and CL- subject and object RCs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-significant-model-terms-for-analysis-of-bilingual-253eswq1.png Table 5. Significant Model Terms for Analysis of Bilingual Children’s Head Errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-correct-performance-and-standard-errors-for-1lhcr66c.png Figure 2. Mean correct performance and standard errors for bilingual and monolingual children on Ge- and CL-RCs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-significant-terms-in-final-model-for-analysis-of-3bgr2jc7.png Table 4. Significant Terms in Final Model for Analysis of Bilinguals’ RC Comprehension. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-monolingual-and-bilingual-groups-ppvt-scores-3e8mzfu2.png Table 1. Monolingual and Bilingual Group’s PPVT Scores. https://scispace.com/papers/cross-resistance-to-fluconazole-induced-by-exposure-to-the-ug5kwxhqfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-efflux-of-rhodamine-6g-by-the-three-independent-1dx8del4.png Figure 3 Efflux of rhodamine 6G by the three independent replicates of tetraconazole-treated and fluconazole-treated groups and negative control group, after induction of antifungal resistance. Data are expressed as relative fluorescence units (RFU). The top graph shows the RFU curve of rhodamine 6G efflux, demonstrating a plateau starting at 15 min after the addition of glucose. Each point on the curve represents the mean RFU of replicates with glucose minus the mean RFU of replicates without glucose. The lower graph depicts the median with interquartile range of the difference in RFU of the replicates with and without glucose, 15 min after the addition of glucose. *P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-antifungal-susceptibility-of-the-three-independent-2v6q25y6.png Figure 2 Antifungal susceptibility of the three independent replicates of tetraconazole-treated and fluconazole-treated groups and negative control group, with and without efflux pump inhibitor, after inducing antifungal resistance. Data are expressed as geometric mean SD of each treatment group. Unexposed group: Control ( ). Data are compared between replicates of the same treatment group, with and without the addition of promethazine. *Indicates a significant increase (P < 0.05) in MIC values of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole, after exposure of replicates to increasing concentrations of tetraconazole (n = 3) and fluconazole (n = 3) compared to the unexposed group (n = 3). ***P < 0.001. In the Y-axis, antifungal concentration ranges from 0.015 lg ml 1 [log2(0.015) = 6] to 256 lg ml 1 [log2(256) = 8]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamics-of-fluconazole-susceptibility-of-3q0vw6nl.png Figure 1 Dynamics of fluconazole susceptibility of independent replicates of C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 exposed to increasing concentrations of tetraconazole (n = 3), malathion (n = 3) and fluconazole (n = 3). Data are expressed as geometric mean standard deviation (SD) of each treatment group. Unexposed group: control ( ) (n = 3). ‘0’ represents the beginning of treatment, with the MICs obtained prior to resistance induction assay. *Drug concentration was doubled weekly and fluconazole susceptibility was tested at the end of each week. Data obtained for each treatment group were compared to drug-free group (negative control). ***P < 0.001. In the Y-axis, antifungal concentration ranges from 0.5 lg ml 1 [log2(0.5) = 1] to 256 lg ml 1 [log2(256) = 8]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expression-of-cdr-and-erg11-genes-in-the-three-keo2ycqm.png Figure 4 Expression of CDR and ERG11 genes in the three independent replicates of tetraconazole-treated and fluconazole-treated groups and negative control group, after induction of antifungal resistance. Data are normalised to mean signal of ACT1 and 18S genes. The expression of one replicate of the negative control group was used as calibrator and their transcription level was set as ‘1 relative unit’. Data are expressed as dispersion and mean SE of the replicates. Data of each treatment are compared to the negative control group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/crossover-from-a-nearly-constant-loss-to-a-superlinear-power-1cbjahx9yd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-conductivity-at-a68d2jdv.png FIG. 4. Color online Temperature dependence of conductivity at different frequencies. The inset shows the Arrhenius fit according to Eq. 3 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-plots-of-f-against-f-for-mn-doped-bmt-pt-15ucxyuy.png FIG. 5. Color online Plots of f against f for Mn-doped BMT–PT at 173 and 473 K. The solid lines are the best fitted lines according to Eq. 4 . The inset displays the temperature dependence of the exponent m and preexponential coefficient log C . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-relative-381cj3bz.png FIG. 1. Color online Temperature dependence of the relative dielectric permittivity of Mn-doped BMT–PT ferroelectric ceramics at various frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-exponent-n-3lg66nsx.png FIG. 3. Color online Temperature dependence of the exponent n and B shown in inset in Eq. 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-frequency-dependence-of-the-conductivity-41j0xkbo.png FIG. 2. Color online Frequency dependence of the conductivity and the imaginary part of the relative dielectric permittivity at selected temperatures for Mn-doped BMT–PT ferroelectric ceramics. Inset shows the high temperature behavior. https://scispace.com/papers/crossover-of-the-spectral-weight-function-a-new-2l7jih9raj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-a-values-obtained-in-different-q-34n9h069.png TABLE I. Comparison of A values obtained in different q regions and different equations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-gaussian-shape-function-dotted-line-1rbw1zsq.png FIG. 3. Comparison of the Gaussian shape function (dotted line), with the modified Lorentzian shape function (dashed hue) of Ref. 20, and the asymptotic RG shape function (solid line) of Ref. 13. Note that x ~1.28m/I . https://scispace.com/papers/crowd-behavior-characterization-for-scene-tracking-1375gd8j38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-one-frame-of-makkah-sequence-b-the-appearance-1lbe16hk.png Figure 5: (a) One frame of Makkah sequence. (b) The appearance local spatial entropy of (a). (c) The motion local spatial entropy of (a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-different-measures-of-crowd-behavior-1zv4ib9o.png Table 1: Values of different measures of crowd behavior depending on the scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-motion-entropy-of-real-crowd-datasets-2v0xmc3f.png Table 4: Motion entropy of real crowd datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-appearance-entropy-of-real-crowd-datasets-2num56t0.png Table 5: Appearance entropy of real crowd datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-performance-of-state-of-the-art-tracking-algorithms-1xryyunv.png Table 7: Performance of state-of-the-art tracking algorithms on real crowd datasets. We use as measure of performance the tracking accuracy defined in [3]. The second column contains results of tracking of deep flow algorithm [9]. The third column contains results of NMC [3] tracking algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualization-of-the-simulated-crowd-scenario-cases-1c6nb8dw.png Figure 1: Visualization of the simulated crowd (scenario cases are described in Section 4.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualization-of-the-simulated-multi-group-crowd-1xtllctg.png Figure 2: Visualization of the simulated multi-group crowd. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-measure-of-the-proportion-of-principal-components-13pltphc.png Table 6: Measure of the proportion of principal components needed to summarize the appearance of the real crowd datasets. https://scispace.com/papers/crowdtruth-machine-human-computation-framework-for-2bw9o8oe96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-crowdtruth-overall-architecture-2fjh7ssa.png Fig. 4: CrowdTruth Overall Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-event-role-fillers-taxonomies-2uq4f6g4.png Table 1: Event Role Fillers Taxonomies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-screenshot-of-crowdtruth-analytics-for-units-in-iq6fgaif.png Fig. 8: Screenshot of CrowdTruth Analytics for Units in Selected Jobs and Tasks; click on an annotation bar for more details according to the CrowdTruth metrics & click on the pie chart to see annotations per micro-task https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-crowdtruth-data-mode-and-data-provenance-24g3n8bp.png Fig. 2: The CrowdTruth Data Mode and Data Provenance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-crowdtruth-pre-processing-workflows-for-text-images-1defxp1p.png Fig. 5: CrowdTruth Pre-processing Workflows for Text, Images and Videos https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-screenshot-of-crowdtruth-analytics-for-worker-quality-32e236le.png Fig. 7: Screenshot of CrowdTruth Analytics for Worker Quality and Annotations for Selected Jobs (comparison); click on a worker to se more details according to the CrowdTruth metrics & click on the pie chart to select specific jobs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-crowdtruth-main-components-and-open-api-1tpygug5.png Fig. 3: The CrowdTruth Main Components and Open API https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-crowdtruth-annotation-workflows-for-text-images-and-nvmcjs62.png Fig. 1: CrowdTruth Annotation Workflows for Text, Images and Videos https://scispace.com/papers/cryptic-homoeology-analysis-in-species-and-hybrids-of-genus-59tpk99tjz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-possible-mechanisms-of-chromosome-differentiation-in-wa163avx.png Fig. 2: Possible mechanisms of chromosome differentiation in the genus Zea. First https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-trivalents-in-parental-species-with-2n-qytogc1m.png Table 3: Percentage of trivalents in parental species with 2n = 30, for plants treated colchicine (0.5 x 10-4 M) and untreated control plants (significance in parenthesis): A- Hybrid between maize species with different ploidy level (pvalue 0.77); B- Zea mays x Zea parviglumis with 2n = 30 (p-value 1.13 x 10-8); C- Zea mays x Zea perennis with 2n = 30 (p-value 0.00); D- Zea perennis x Zea Mexicana (p-value 1.53 x 10-8); E- Zea luxurians x Zea perennis (p-value 1.42 x 10-10); F- Zea diploperennis x Zea perennis with 2n = 30 (p-value 0.40 x 10-16). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-of-quadrivalents-in-parental-species-and-2lzfcaml.png Table 4: Percentage of quadrivalents in parental species and Zea hybrids with 2n = 40, for plants treated with colchicine (0.5 x 10-4 M) and untreated control plants (significance in parenthesis): A- Zea mays with 2n = 40 (p-value 0.33); B- Zea perennis (p-value 0.00); C- Zea mays x Zea perennis with 2n = 40 (pvalue 2.50 x 10-5); D- Zea diploperennis x Zea perennis with 2n = 40 (p-value 0.00); E- Zea parviglumis x Zea diploperennis with 2n = 40 (p-value 0.00); Ftrihybrid between Zea mays x (Zea diploperennis x Zea perennis) with 2n = 40 (p-value 1.10 x 10-16). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-number-of-chiasmata-in-species-and-hybrids-3t3zz1dl.png Table 5: Average number of chiasmata in species and hybrids of Zea in material treated with a diluted colchicine solution and untreated control https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-quadrivalents-in-parental-species-with-3t9qvw47.png Table 1: Percentage of quadrivalents in parental species with 2n = 20, for plants treated with colchicine (0.5 x 10-4 M) and untreated control plants (significance in parenthesis) : A- Zea mays (p-value 0.00); B- Zea mexicana (pvalue 0.00); C- Zea parviglumis (p-value 0.00); D- Zea luxurians (p-value 0.00); E- Zea diploperennis (p-value 1.00). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-meiotic-configurations-induced-by-colchicine-treatment-3lwcg0vb.png Fig. 1. Meiotic configurations induced by colchicine treatment in: A- Z. mays with 2n = 20 (5IV); B- Zea perennis (81V + 4II); C- Z. mays x Zea perennis with 2n = 30 (10III); D- Z. mays x Zea perennis with 2n = 40 (9IV + 2II). Scale 10 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-quadrivalents-in-hybrids-with-2n-20-qr9wv2ju.png Table 2: Percentage of quadrivalents in hybrids with 2n = 20, for plants treated with colchicine (0.5 x 10-4 M) and untreated control plants (significance in parenthesis): A- Zea mays x Zea mexicana (p-value 0.00); B- Zea mays x Zea parviglumis with 2n = 20 (p-value 0.00); C- Zea mays x Zea luxurians (p-value 1.25 x 10-13); D- Zea mays x Zea diploperennis with 2n = 20 (p-value 1.00); EZea diploperennis x Zea luxurians (p-value 1.00); F- Trihybrid between (Zea mays x Zea diploperennis) x Zea luxurians (p-value 1.60 x 10-11). https://scispace.com/papers/cryptanalysis-of-server-aided-rsa-protocols-with-private-key-3cs1u5cmrv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-theorem-3-4-average-running-2dgcqn3d.png TABLE 1. Experimental Results (Theorem 3.4) – Average running times (in seconds) of the LLL algorithm and the Gröbner basis computation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cryptanalysis-of-server-aided-rsa-protocol-with-2dx4uos2.png FIGURE 6. Cryptanalysis of Server-Aided RSA Protocol with Mixed Splitting (left: small e ' Nα; right: arbitrary e, k ∈ {2, 4, 8} rounds) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experimental-results-rsa-s1h-average-running-times-26e2vxn7.png TABLE 4. Experimental Results (RSA-S1H) – Average running times (in seconds) of the LLL algorithm and the Gröbner basis computation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficiency-comparisons-rsa-s1-and-rsa-s1h-wcfvhmhi.png TABLE 3. Efficiency comparisons (RSA-S1 and RSA-S1H) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-server-aided-rsa-protocol-with-additive-splitting-3tp19mef.png FIGURE 1. Server-Aided RSA Protocol with Additive Splitting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cryptanalysis-of-server-aided-rsa-protocol-with-jur56fno.png FIGURE 2. Cryptanalysis of Server-Aided RSA Protocol with Additive Splitting https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-experimental-results-rsa-s2-average-running-times-in-36ez3hp1.png TABLE 5. Experimental Results (RSA-S2) – Average running times (in seconds) of the LLL algorithm and the Gröbner basis computation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-results-rsa-s1-average-running-times-in-2q5pb8et.png TABLE 2. Experimental Results (RSA-S1) – Average running times (in seconds) of the LLL algorithm and the Gröbner basis computation https://scispace.com/papers/crystal-structure-of-a-bacterial-cnnm-magnesium-transporter-2fm2bwzx39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tm-domain-has-negatively-charged-cavity-on-2vf6zo3h.png Figure 2. TM domain has negatively charged cavity on intracellular side. a, TM domain homodimerizes with interface formed by TM2 and TM3 of each protomer. b, Electrostatic surface potential representation (±5 kT e-1) of MtCNNM TM domain of cross-sectional (left) and intracellular (right) views of the acidic cavity. c, Close-up view of the residues forming the acidic cavity. d, A sodium ion (Na+) bound in the cavity with Fo-Fc omit map contoured at 4.0 σ. e, 𝜋-helical turn preceding Pro114 in TM3. f, Conservation of residues in the 𝜋-helix turn from archaea to humans. g, Mutational https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-molecular-modeling-a-homology-model-of-human-cnnm2-fd5i1gge.png Figure 5. Molecular modeling. a, Homology model of human CNNM2 (HsCNNM2) color-coded according to identity to CNNMs shown in Fig. S4. The HsCNNM2 domains are 26% identical to MtCNNM. Conservation is highest around the Na+ binding site in the TMD, negatively charged cavity and the CBS-pair dimerization interface. b, Electrostatic surface potential representation (±5 kT e-1) of HsCNNM TMD in crosssectional (top) and intracellular (bottom) views. c, Mutations in CNNM2 and CNNM4 responsible for hypomagnesemia and Jalili syndrome cluster around the core of the TMD and nucleotide-binding site. For clarity, mutations are only shown on one chain. d, Outward-facing conformation generated by MD simulations. e, Proposed model of MtCNNM transport and regulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crystal-structure-of-mtcnnm-c-bound-to-mg2-atp-a-2rwgjtbj.png Figure 1. Crystal structure of MtCNNM∆C bound to Mg2+-ATP. a, Phylogenetic analysis of CNNM orthologs generated using neighbor-joining method. b, Domain organization of eukaryotic and prokaryotic CNNMs. TMD, transmembrane domain; AHB, acidic helical bundle; CNBH, cyclic nucleotide-binding homology domain; CorC, cobalt resistance C domain. c, Crystal structure of MtCNNM without the C-terminal CorC domain as a homodimer. One chain is colored by domains. d, Topology of a MtCNNM monomer showing the transmembrane and juxtamembrane helices of the TMD (residues 1-154, cyan), the two helices of the AHB (residues 166-199, yellow), the Mg2+ATP-binding CBS-pair (residues 200-324, green), and the CorC domain (residues 325- 426, grey). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-apo-conformation-of-mtcnnmdc-captured-by-r235l-13e8l6my.png Figure 4. Apo conformation of MtCNNMΔC captured by R235L mutant. a, Overall structure of MtCNNMΔC R235L mutant. b, Contact surface between TMD and CBS-pair domain. c, AHB binds to CBS-pair domain and competes for Mg2+-ATP site. d, Large conformational change in the AHB and CBS-pair domains upon Mg2+-ATP binding. e, Structural comparison of apo and ATP-bound conformations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-juxtamembrane-helix-and-conformational-change-in-1epxr4ck.png Figure 3. Juxtamembrane helix and conformational change in cytosolic domains. ab, UDM detergent molecules bound by the juxtamembrane helix and 2Fo-Fc map contoured at 1.0 σ. c, Conservation of acidic residues in the AHB domain. d, Hydrated magnesium bound between TMD and AHB and Fo-Fc omit map contoured at 3 σ. e, Structural basis of Mg2+-ATP binding. Mg2+ ions and water molecules are shown in magenta and red, respectively. The Mg2+-ATP Fo-Fc omit map was contoured at 3.0 σ. f, Sequence conservation of conserved glutamates in the AHB. g, Mutational analysis of MpfA in S. aureus. Mutation of a glutamate in the AHB and the CBS-pair domain arginine involved in ATP binding blocked growth. h, Affinities of MtCNNMΔC to adenosine nucleotides with and without 50 mM Mg2+ measured by ITC. i, Dimerization of the MtCNNM CBS-pair domain in the presence of 1 mM adenosine nucleotides as measured by SV-AUC experiments. j, Conformational change in the MtCNNMΔC in the presence and absence of Mg2+-ATP measured by HDX-MS. Regions that showed significant decreases in exchange (defined as >5%, 0.3 kDa, and a Student’s t-test https://scispace.com/papers/crystal-viscoplastic-modeling-of-uo2-single-crystal-3w2oyc6b3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lattice-rotations-in-uo2-single-crystal-compression-3n1bomjl.png Figure 3: Lattice rotations in UO2 single crystal compression after 2% strain. Experimental lattice rotations (in black) versus computed rotations using the CPFE approach including (a) case 1 (in yellow) and (b) case 3 in red (model parametrizations are detailed in table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-slip-system-observations-in-the-experiments-and-1ae78gxy.png Table 2: Slip system observations in the experiments and computed slip system activity. Experimental data refer to Sawbridge and Sykes study [9]. 𝜙 and 𝛺 orientations are depicted figures 2 and 3 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stress-anisotropy-for-the-three-model-cases-37j289rb.png Figure 5: Stress anisotropy for the three model cases accounting for {111} slip. (a)-(c) flow stress at 2% strain versus 𝜙 and 𝛺 orientations. (b)-(d) computed normalized shear contribution for each slip mode versus 𝜙 and 𝛺 orientations (𝛾{2##}/𝛾¡¢¡ in blue, 𝛾{22#}/𝛾¡¢¡ in red and 𝛾{222}/𝛾¡¢¡ in in yellow). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-the-model-cases-accounting-for-1-2-3e05c4dh.png Table 3: Description of the model cases accounting for ½<110>{111} slip systems. CRSS are provided for each slip mode. They are computed at T=1600 K and 𝜀̇ = 101V𝑠12 using equation (9) and the maximum Schmid factor assumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-parameters-for-the-crss-processing-equation-9-of-hiumx2o9.png Table 1: Key parameters for the CRSS processing (equation (9)) of ½<110>{100} and ½<110>{110} slip modes under single slip conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crss-versus-temperature-profiles-for-1-2-110-100-3k80e6wx.png Figure 1: CRSS versus temperature profiles for ½<110>{100} and ½<110>{110} slip modes. Experimental data are shown using symbols while blue and dashed red curves refer to equation (9) solutions respectively {100} and {110} slip modes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stress-anisotropy-a-c-flow-stress-at-2-strain-39bcvhol.png Figure 4: Stress anisotropy. (a)-(c) flow stress at 2% strain versus 𝜙 and 𝛺 orientations. (b)-(d) Computed normalized plastic shear contribution for each slip mode (𝛾{2##}/𝛾¡¢¡ in blue and 𝛾{22#}/𝛾¡¢¡in red) versus 𝜙 and 𝛺 orientations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stress-strain-of-1600-k-uo2-single-crystal-3kh24icz.png Figure 2: Stress-strain of 1600 K UO2 single crystal compression tests. CPFEM (dashed line) is compared to experimental compression tests (full line) [9]. Computed data are shown using the engineering stress definition. https://scispace.com/papers/crystalline-versus-amorphous-donor-acceptor-blends-influence-46g0887ela 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electroluminescence-spectra-of-dbp-dip-and-c60-single-9q6yygr5.png FIG. 4. Electroluminescence spectra of DBP, DIP, and C60 single-layer devices (a), as well as DBP:C60 (b) and DIP:C60 (c) PM HJ solar cells for different applied voltages between 0.9 and 4.0 V. The measurements are performed at room temperature. Please note, that the rolloff above 1020 nm for the DIP:C60 spectra may originate from the limited sensitivity of the used Si detector. Thus, this range is not further considered in the following analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-reduced-ct-absorption-ipce-and-emission-el-spectra-of-20s3pdod.png FIG. 7. Reduced CT absorption (IPCE) and emission (EL) spectra of DIP:C60 (a) and DBP:C60 (b) and fits with Gaussian line shapes according to Marcus theory as proposed by Vandewal et al. [4,5]. The fit parameters are given in Table I. In addition, the EL spectra are converted into absorption using the reciprocity relation (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-schematic-illustration-of-the-energy-landscape-at-the-2whraqop.png FIG. 11. Schematic illustration of the energy landscape at the two DA interfaces studied in this work. The occupation of interfacial CT states is indicated for low (orange) and high (red) charge-carrier density. For DBP:C60, shown on the left side, the CT DOS is Gaussian with little effect of state filling as evidenced by the almost negligible shift of the EL spectra. Whereas DIP:C60, shown on the right side, exhibits strong state filling effects with a concomitant shift of the EL peak upon increasing carrier density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-molecular-structures-of-the-donor-materials-dip-3tyiowny.png FIG. 1. Top: molecular structures of the donor materials DIP and DBP; center: AFM images of 1:1 mixtures of both donors with the fullerene C60 as acceptor; bottom: sketch of the layer morphology for both cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-temperature-dependence-of-reduced-el-spectra-of-dbp-rhb2467q.png FIG. 10. (a) Temperature dependence of reduced EL spectra of DBP:C60 measured at a constant voltage of 2 V. The peaks at about 1.3 eV are fitted using simple Gaussian functions to determine their variance. (b) Gaussian variance of the EL peaks is plotted as a function of temperature to analyze the relative contributions of static and dynamic disorder according to Eq. (11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-shift-of-the-el-peak-with-current-density-for-dip-c60-2upi1xol.png FIG. 9. Shift of the EL peak with current density for DIP:C60 and DBP:C60 solar cells. The peak positions are obtained from Gaussian fits to reduced EL spectra as detailed in the Supplemental Material. The dashed lines show linear fits to the obtained data with slopes given in meV per decade as indicated in the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reduced-normalized-ipce-spectra-of-dip-a-and-dbp-b-1dz4c7u0.png FIG. 5. Reduced normalized IPCE spectra of DIP (a) and DBP (b) single-layer devices with the architecture ITO/HIL 1.3/organic layer (50 nm)/BCP(5 nm)/Al. The first absorption peak of DBP is well described with one Gaussian only, whereas for DIP two Gaussians are necessary. The low-energy region is fitted linearly to emphasize the presence of tail states, most pronounced in DIP. From the slopes an Urbach energy EU is calculated. The literature values for the optical gaps Eopt of 2.1 eV for DIP [43] and 1.9 eV for DBP [44] are marked with black arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-of-the-combined-le-ups-spectra-for-neat-224t5lbe.png FIG. 2. (a) Comparison of the combined LE UPS spectra for neat DBP (blue) and a DBP:C60 1:1 mixture (black). (b) The same for a neat DIP layer (green) and a DIP:C60 1:1 mixture (black). In both cases, the spectra of single donor layers and D:A mixtures are normalized in intensity such that the fitted HOMO peaks (see the Supplemental Material for details) are identical, as indicated by the gray dashed line. The pronounced exponential tail structure in the DIP:C60 mixture is visualized by an arrow. EF denotes the Fermi energy of the respective sample. https://scispace.com/papers/csr-and-tax-planning-case-study-of-football-club-oxtcqtbcx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-which-retail-chain-in-the-pardubice-region-do-you-1by21hix.png Fig. 2: Which retail chain in the Pardubice region do you prefer most for your shopping? https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-are-you-most-interested-in-any-group-of-products-in-2lvqgkzt.png Fig. 1: Are you most interested in any group of products in the leaflets? https://scispace.com/papers/csr-disclosure-the-more-things-change-30mcygy1om 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1cey87m8.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tests-for-changes-in-legitimacy-relationships-total-1i9mjxhd.png Table 2 Tests for Changes in Legitimacy Relationships – Total CSR Disclosure https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tests-for-changes-in-market-valuation-using-total-3ih5bc8k.png Table 4 Tests for Changes in Market Valuation using Total Disclosure Score https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tests-for-changes-in-market-valuation-using-separate-1co0cij8.png Table 5 Tests for Changes in Market Valuation using Separate Disclosure Areas https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2wnkx2p9.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tests-for-relationship-of-environmental-disclosure-1fccbufi.png Table 6 Tests for Relationship of Environmental Disclosure to Market Valuation Controlling for https://scispace.com/papers/ct-diagnostic-reference-levels-are-they-appropriately-241bbvzbx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-ct-devices-and-dlp-data-per-device-body-f7mhszr4.png Table 1 Number of CT devices and DLP data per device Body region Head Thorax Abdomen Lumbar spine https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-drls-derived-from-device-related-means-medians-and-3ogrw0av.png Table 2 DRLs derived from device-related means, medians, and from all DLP data pooled https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variability-95-confidence-interval-in-percentage-of-3ju8zcw5.png Fig. 2 Variability (95% confidence interval in percentage of median) of the 75th percentile of device-related DLP medians (left panel) and means (right panel) as a function of the number of devices included. Closed circles, open circles, closed triangles, and open triangles correspond to 10, 20, 50, and 100 DLP values per device, respectively. (a), head. (b), abdomen. (c), thorax. (d), lumbar spine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-continued-1hqhxbqa.png Fig. 2 Variability (95% confidence interval in percentage of median) of the 75th percentile of device-related DLP medians (left panel) and means (right panel) as a function of the number of devices included. Closed circles, open circles, closed triangles, and open triangles correspond to 10, 20, 50, and 100 DLP values per device, respectively. (a), head. (b), abdomen. (c), thorax. (d), lumbar spine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-median-and-95-confidence-interval-of-the-75th-f1viie2w.png Fig. 3 Median and 95% confidence interval of the 75th percentile (DP75, computed considering one DLPmean value) (closed circles) and one DLPmedian value per device (open circles); median and 95% confidence interval of all DLP values of the centers included (closed triangles). These medians and intervals were computed considering 10, 50, or 200 devices. (a) Head. (b) Abdomen. (c) Thorax. (d) Lumbar spine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-statistical-method-panel-a-illustrates-the-first-step-28i6eicc.png Fig. 1 Statistical method. Panel A illustrates the first step of the statistical analysis and panel B illustrates the second one https://scispace.com/papers/cultivation-and-genomics-of-the-first-freshwater-sar11-ld12-4dw673ql76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-growth-rates-for-lsucc0530-according-to-a-salinity-and-o6ldvyyp.png Fig. 4 Growth rates for LSUCC0530 according to a salinity and b temperature. The boxes indicate the interquartile range (IQR) of the data, with vertical lines indicating the upper and lower extremes according to 1.5 × IQR. Horizontal lines within each box indicate the median. The underlying data points of individual biological replicates, calculated from corresponding growth curves in Fig. S8, are plotted on top of each box https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-circular-diagram-of-the-lsucc0530-genome-rings-171m1pml.png Fig. 2 Circular diagram of the LSUCC0530 genome. Rings indicate, from outside to the center: Position relative to the replication start site; Forward strand genes, colored by COG category; reverse strand genes, colored by COG category; RNA genes (tRNAs green, rRNAs red, other RNAs black); GC content; GC skew https://scispace.com/papers/cultural-distance-and-international-trade-in-services-a-32nvtpvpkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-effect-of-aggregate-cultural-distance-on-total-poahhcpn.png Table 9: The effect of “aggregate” cultural distance on total services trade – alternative estimators https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-aggregate-cultural-distance-average-3r4xvvva.png Table 3: The effect of “aggregate” cultural distance: average values for 2004 - 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-aggregate-cultural-distance-2004-2007-1nljx7eq.png Table 4: The effect of “aggregate” cultural distance: 2004 -2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-effect-of-aggregate-cultural-distance-a-model-1rywug3o.png Table 8: The effect of “aggregate” cultural distance: a model with exporter and importer fixed effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-effect-of-weighted-aggregate-cultural-distance-dy0c01e5.png Table 7: The effect of weighted “aggregate” cultural distance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-aggregate-cultural-distance-on-goods-u93cy1q9.png Table 1: The effect of “aggregate” cultural distance on goods trade, services trade, and individual services categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-effect-of-aggregate-cultural-distance-accounting-d8xxeff4.png Table 6: The effect of “aggregate” cultural distance, accounting for joint English skills (COMMUNICATION) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effect-of-aggregate-cultural-distance-2008-2011-qt652wcg.png Table 5: The effect of “aggregate” cultural distance: 2008 - 2011 https://scispace.com/papers/cultural-hybridization-in-east-asia-exploring-an-alternative-3gbt5zwow0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-types-of-political-orientations-1baty82y.png Table 3. Types of Political Orientations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-resident-types-of-political-system-and-levels-of-3a7dlyp9.png Figure 3. Resident Types of Political System and Levels of Overall Support for Democratic and Authoritarian Processes (on a 3-point scale) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-most-and-least-prevalent-types-of-hybridizers-1it8vu67.png Table 4. The Most and Least Prevalent Types of Hybridizers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-orientations-to-democracy-and-its-alternatives-as-a-35pbcpdf.png Table 1. Orientations to Democracy and Its Alternatives as a Regime https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-resident-types-of-political-systems-and-the-2kzoagwu.png Table 5. Resident Types of Political Systems and the Prevalence of Hybridizers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resident-types-of-political-system-and-preferences-a1v7dg8k.png Figure 4. Resident Types of Political System and Preferences for Authoritarian, Hybrid, and Democratic Processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-orientations-to-democracy-and-its-alternatives-as-a-9xgtnmua.png Table 2. Orientations to Democracy and Its Alternatives as a Process of Governance A. Orientations to Democracy as a Process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-resident-types-of-political-system-and-preferences-2wmzsofl.png Figure 2. Resident Types of Political System and Preferences for Democratic and Hybrid Regimes https://scispace.com/papers/current-account-deficits-in-the-new-member-states-causes-and-2efivl5fjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-current-accounts-of-the-nms-17d30of0.png Figure 1 Current Accounts of the NMS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-domestic-savings-and-investment-rates-in-the-nms-ohq5m8r0.png Figure 2 Domestic Savings and Investment Rates in the NMS Compared to Other Upper Middle Income Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-percentage-of-foreign-ownership-of-bank-assets-in-46k3v3a9.png Figure 6 Percentage of Foreign Ownership of Bank Assets in Eastern Europe, 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-current-accounts-and-adjustment-for-fdi-2007-3n2m7gfq.png Figure 7 Current Accounts and Adjustment for FDI, 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stock-market-indexes-in-the-nms-2ll8bawj.png Figure 4 Stock Market Indexes in the NMS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-relationship-between-fdi-and-investment-in-the-1u5p05tv.png Figure 5 The Relationship between FDI and Investment in the NMS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-relationship-between-government-budget-defi-14uh919l.png Figure 3 The Relationship Between Government Budget Defi cits and Current Accounts in the NMS, 2007 https://scispace.com/papers/current-account-sustainability-in-brazil-20ahl9efvi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linearity-and-model-selection-tests-ztggxeei.png Table 2. Linearity and model selection tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-forecast-error-variance-decomposition-ot-1-it-1-0-3vesh91h.png Table 7. Forecast error variance decomposition: (ωt −1 : ∆It −1 < 0) and st −d = ∆It −1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-forecast-error-variance-decomposition-ot-1-gt-1-0-rle36wck.png Table 8. Forecast error variance decomposition: (ωt −1 : ∆Gt −1 > 0) and st −d = ∆Gt −1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-responses-of-ca-to-one-standard-deviation-shock-ot-sznbdqz4.png Figure 2. Responses of CA to one standard-deviation shock (ωt −1 : ∆It −1 > 0)1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-responses-of-ca-to-two-standard-deviation-shock-ot-2fixplai.png Figure 8. Responses of CA to two standard-deviation shock (ωt −1 : ∆Gt −1 > 0)1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-forecast-error-variance-decomposition-ot-1-gt-1-0-6klxekqo.png Table 12. Forecast error variance decomposition: (ωt −1 : ∆Gt −1 > 0) and st −d = ∆Gt −1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-forecast-error-variance-decomposition-ot-1-it-1-0-amlur3l4.png Table 11. Forecast error variance decomposition: (ωt −1 : ∆It −1 < 0) and st −d = ∆It −1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-response-of-ca-to-two-standard-deviation-shock-ot-1-1t3gm1vy.png Figure 9. Response of CA to two standard-deviation shock (ωt −1 : ∆Gt −1 < 0)1 https://scispace.com/papers/current-estimation-of-the-derivative-of-a-nonstationary-qp7xntb2lh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-current-mode-of-rss-operation-observed-process-3pcbsppf.png Fig. 1. Current mode of RSS operation: observed process (∗), calculated values of τ (•), and instant of conjugation of the RSS segments q ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-error-of-reconstruction-of-the-function-s0-and-its-3mxsu73l.png Fig. 3. Error of reconstruction of the function σ0 and its derivative σ1 versus the noise error σξ: (a) f1(t); (b) f2(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-test-functions-and-reconstructed-derivatives-10xgov5h.png Fig. 2. Test functions and reconstructed derivatives. https://scispace.com/papers/current-role-of-salvage-robotic-assisted-laparoscopic-1mamgyz3p3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-salvage-robotic-assisted-laparoscopic-prostatectomy-22ryoo0l.png Table 2 – Salvage Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy series: complications, oncological and functional outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-salvage-robotic-assisted-laparoscopic-prostatectomy-acw3mqpf.png Table 1 – Salvage Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy series: demographic and perioperative outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/current-space-station-experiments-investigating-component-z0huby3iqa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-visual-inspection-results-for-solder-joints-formed-3oxtuoy6.png TABLE 3.—VISUAL INSPECTION RESULTS FOR SOLDER JOINTS FORMED IN REDUCED GRAVITY USING 60% TIN-40% LEAD SOLID SOLDER WIRE WITH EXTERNAL LIQUID FLUX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-unused-sorge-circuit-board-and-drawing-of-a-2zfsydi3.png Figure 1.—An unused SoRGE circuit board and drawing of a resistor and two joint locations. The soldering occurs on the bare leg of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-astronaut-sunita-williams-works-on-sorge-within-the-zp5i8bhj.png Figure 2.—Astronaut Sunita Williams works on SoRGE within the Containment Area aboard the ISS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-visual-inspection-results-for-solder-joints-formed-nd1slz82.png TABLE 1.—VISUAL INSPECTION RESULTS FOR SOLDER JOINTS FORMED IN REDUCED GRAVITY USING 60% TIN-40% LEAD FLUX CORED SOLDER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-visual-inspection-results-for-solder-joints-formed-3p978cze.png TABLE 2.—VISUAL INSPECTION RESULTS FOR SOLDER JOINTS FORMED IN REDUCED GRAVITY USING EUTECTIC FLUX CORED SOLDER. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-replacement-u2-component-on-a-cre-1-circuit-board-w64ymexn.png Figure 8.—A replacement U2 component on a CRE-1 circuit board. The image shows a joint which passes the NASA standard as well as one joint that does not pass https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-replacement-u4-on-a-cre-1-circuit-board-in-this-a1wcb2wi.png Figure 10.—A replacement U4 on a CRE-1 circuit board. In this case, the first leg is not soldered to the circuit board, requiring rework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-replacement-u4-on-a-cre-1-circuit-board-this-1ysxo313.png Figure 9.—A replacement U4 on a CRE-1 circuit board. This image shows the component not resting flat on the board surface. The joints do not pass NASA standard, but are functional. https://scispace.com/papers/current-role-of-the-chimney-technique-in-the-treatment-of-2ha7qb8oxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pericles-registry-findings-from-first-publication-in-3etobwg6.png Table 1. PERICLES Registry findings from first publication in 2015 to latest in 2019. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indications-supporting-primary-use-1c6daxn1.png Table 2. Indications supporting primary use. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-considerations-limiting-primary-use-2k7b323f.png Table 3. Considerations limiting primary use. https://scispace.com/papers/current-voltage-characteristics-of-an-lb-monolayer-of-25z2kgrfqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-transmission-infrared-spectrum-of-bulk-c10h21-2n-3cnq-33ejx28p.png Fig. 11. Transmission infrared spectrum of bulk (C10H21)2N+-3CNQ - deposited https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-two-competing-forces-may-determine-the-molecular-1446pbxn.png Fig. 12 Two competing forces may determine the molecular orientation at the air-water interface: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-zwiterionic-d-p-a-molecules-for-vq6yl9c7.png Fig. 1. Chemical structures of zwiterionic D--π-A+ molecules. For molecule 2, the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-current-voltage-plot-i-v-for-lb-monolayer-of-c10h21-2n-ukrfheqo.png Fig. 7. Current-voltage plot(I-V) for LB monolayer of (C10H21)2N+-3CNQ -, in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-current-voltage-plot-i-v-for-lb-monolayer-of-c10h21-2n-rihi5z3r.png Fig. 8. Current-voltage plot(I-V) for LB monolayer of (C10H21)2N+-3CNQ -, in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-diagram-of-lb-monolayer-of-c10h21-2n-3cnq-2l9pkz5w.png Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of LB monolayer of (C10H21)2N+-3CNQ - sandwiched https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-xps-sputter-depth-profile-of-lb-monolayer-of-c10h21-2n-2bmgyif7.png Fig. 9. XPS sputter depth profile of LB monolayer of (C10H21)2N+-3CNQ - on a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assignments-of-ir-bands-of-c10h21-2n-3cnq-lb-304l4kea.png Table 1. Assignments of IR bands of (C10H21)2N+-3CNQ- LB monolayer on gold and bulk (C10H21)2N+-3CNQ- deposited on a KBr disk. https://scispace.com/papers/cusp-electron-gun-with-modulation-electrode-for-a-thz-gyro-oq236dhkr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-alpha-spread-of-the-designed-electron-gun-7c3xuc4r.png Fig. 4. The alpha spread of the designed electron gun. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-simulated-beam-trajectory-as-a-function-of-the-3fubotbj.png Fig. 3. The simulated beam trajectory as a function of the axial position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-geometric-model-of-the-triode-type-cusp-electron-3k9w18pa.png Fig. 2. The geometric model of the triode-type cusp electron gun. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-superconducting-magnet-and-b-the-magnetic-field-3mk6m5l8.png Fig. 1. (a) The superconducting magnet and (b) the magnetic field profile. https://scispace.com/papers/custom-plating-of-nanoscale-semiconductor-catalyst-junctions-2kt1il2el3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-high-magnification-sem-top-view-images-of-ni-1cv44kzf.png Figure 3. (a–c) High-magnification SEM top view images of Ni NWs electrodeposited on n-Si with p = 10 µm for (a) Qedep = 1 mC, (b) 3 mC, and (c) 30 mC. (d,e) Low-magnification SEM top view images of Ni NWs electrodeposited on n-Si with Qedep = 3 mC for (d) p = 10 and (e) 96 µm. (f) AFM picture (2 x 2 µm²) of a single Ni NWs electrodeposited on n-Si. (g) Graph of w as a function of Qedep for n-Si/Ni NWs prepared with p = 10 µm. (h) Plot of w as a function of p for n-Si/Ni NWs prepared with Qedep = 3 mC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-lsvs-scan-rate-100-mv-s-1-of-n-si-ni-nws-in-1-m-dtoo84bb.png Figure 4. (a) LSVs (scan rate: 100 mV s-1) of n-Si/Ni NWs in 1 M NaOH with different p values, constant electrodeposition charge (Qedep = 3 mC), in the dark (black curves), and under illumination (colored curves, average of >3 independently prepared samples). b) CVs of NiIII/NiII (scan rate: 100 mV s-1) on n-Si/Ni NWs in 1 M NaOH under illumination. (c) Voc values obtained by OCP measurements in a FeIII(CN)63-/ FeII(CN)64- solution. (d) Plot of QNi as a function of ANi; squares are experimental data points and the black curve is a linear fit. (e) CA of an n-Si/Ni NW at 2.3 V vs RHE (Qedep = 3 mC, p = 10 µm) in K-borate/Li-borate buffer under illumination. In all panels, the color of the curves and the data points correspond to p = 10 (purple), 24 (blue), 48 (green), and 96 µm (red). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-photovoltaic-parameters-extracted-from-simulated-1265tfq3.png Table 1. Key photovoltaic parameters extracted from simulated J-V curves under AM 1.5 G illumination for Structures 1-4 shown in Figure 5d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tilted-sem-view-of-an-n-si-ni-np-photoanode-1rmk0dtx.png Figure 1. (a) Tilted SEM view of an n-Si/Ni NP photoanode prepared by conventional electrodeposition of Ni on n-Si. The left part of the panel illustrates the photoanode operation in alkaline pH. Under illumination, holes are directed to the Ni NPs where they participate in the OER reaction. (b) Scheme of the conduction band energy as a function of the position in n-Si in the pinch-off regime (adapted from ref. 34), where qφm is the low barrier height at the metal contact, qφh is the high barrier height, and qφeff is the effective barrier height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-b-2d-representation-of-the-cb-energy-in-n-si-for-1af94xqe.png Figure 5. (a,b) 2D representation of the CB energy in n-Si for an n-Si/Ni surface with p =100 µm and (a) w = 350 nm (black) and (b) w = 100 nm. (c) Graph of the band bending below a Ni pad for a surface with p =100 µm for w = 350 (black), 300 (red), 250 (green), 200 (blue), 150 (cyan), and 100 (purple) nm. These energy band profiles are extracted from a cutline located in the middle of the centered Ni pad. Zero depth represents the position of the silicon interface. (d) Schemes of the surface models that have been computed. Their key photovoltaic parameters are reported in Table 1 as a function of their geometrical parameters. The Ni pad electrode widths w of Structures 2, 3, and 4 are reduced by 50 nm compared to those of Structure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-scheme-of-the-sequential-steps-of-templated-2247htd6.png Figure 2. (a) Scheme of the sequential steps of templated electrodeposition for the preparation of catalytic metal NWs with a high degree of control. The metal growth direction is indicated by black arrows in panel 3, and the geometrical parameters h, w, and p are shown in panel 4. (b,c) SEM top views (left panels) and corresponding Si kα (red), Co Lα (pink), and Ni Lα (green) EDS mapping (right panels) of electrodeposited (b) Co NWs and (c) Co NWs on n-Si. https://scispace.com/papers/customer-driven-management-models-for-choiceless-clientele-2syfh0oar9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-food-stamps-and-calworks-applications-vs-staffing-30vpdkvq.png Figure 1: Food Stamps and CalWORKS Applications vs. Staffing Levels, 2001-2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-food-stamps-cases-resolved-out-of-1dzryhbl.png Figure 3: Percentage of Food Stamps Cases Resolved out of Total Cases, Monthly Averages for San Diego County and the state of California, 2001-2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-how-have-the-following-work-related-factors-changed-2mq4gyg4.png Figure 2: How have the following work-related factors changed since business process reengineernig? https://scispace.com/papers/cyberbullying-victimization-and-substance-use-among-quebec-4a46041ktb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unstandardized-coefficients-of-the-moderated-3kkfmcrc.png Table 2 Unstandardized coefficients of the moderated mediated model. https://scispace.com/papers/cybrids-and-tetrad-sterility-for-developing-true-potato-seed-2lgi2qa1mp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crop-priority-ranking-by-farmers-in-abron-dambo-and-2wk2e3y3.png Table 2. Crop priority ranking by farmers in Abron, Dambo and Karau-Karau Communities of Kaduna State, northern Nigeria (1= highest). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-vdx0pp5a.png Table 4. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-problem-prioritisation-by-farmers-in-abron-dambo-and-3igwmhi1.png Table 3. Problem prioritisation by farmers in Abron, Dambo and Karau-Karau communities of Kaduna State, northern Nigeria. (1= highest). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-villages-where-farmer-workshops-took-hus2vtue.png Figure 1. Location of villages, where farmer workshops took place. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-evaluation-of-striga-control-options-using-farmer-1y40pxhh.png Table 6. Evaluation of Striga control options using farmer evaluation criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-status-of-striga-control-options-in-abron-dambo-and-33wd4nvw.png Table 5. Status of Striga control options in Abron, Dambo and Karau-Karau communities in April, 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-communities-identifying-crop-production-1g9e7s14.png Figure 2. Number of communities identifying crop production constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-community-workshops-location-market-characteristics-2zhloc1y.png Table 1. Community workshops, location, market characteristics and participants. https://scispace.com/papers/cyclic-and-monotonic-testing-of-free-and-constrained-58zh4595yf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-step-4-constrained-recovery-during-consecutive-107wwac3.png Figure 4: Step 4 constrained recovery during consecutive thermomechanical cycles for a sample pre-strained 20% at 65°C and heated at 5 °C/min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-step-4-free-recovery-during-four-consecutive-2815tg87.png Figure 3: Step 4 free recovery during four consecutive thermomechanical cycles for a sample pre-strained 20% at 65°C and heated at 5 °C/min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-step-4-constrained-recovery-during-consecutive-10h733ul.png Figure 7: Step 4 constrained recovery during consecutive thermomechanical cycles for a sample pre-strained 20% at 45°C and heated at 5 °C/min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-stress-vs-temperature-during-constrained-recovery-375mqf79.png Figure 12: Stress vs. temperature during constrained recovery at 5 °C/min following various material stress relaxations during temporary 20% strain fixation 40 °C. Relaxation was permitted by slowing the loading strain rate and/or by allowing a stress relaxation of 1 hour at 40 °C after step 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-mechanical-analysis-temperature-sweep-from-3adv4jwt.png Figure 1: Dynamic mechanical analysis temperature sweep from 20°C to 100°C at 2 °C/min and 1 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-material-stress-strain-response-in-uniaxial-tension-13pvajwi.png Figure 2: Material stress-strain response in uniaxial tension when deformed up to 20% at 65 °C during step 1 of four consecutive thermomechanical cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-material-stress-strain-response-in-uniaxial-tension-1z9ll4sl.png Figure 5: Material stress-strain response in uniaxial tension when deformed up to 20% at 45 °C during step 1 of four consecutive thermomechanical cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-step-4-free-recovery-during-four-consecutive-2wufh9hi.png Figure 6: Step 4 free recovery during four consecutive thermomechanical cycles for a sample pre-strained 20% at 45°C and heated at 5 °C/min. https://scispace.com/papers/cycling-bread-and-circuses-when-le-tour-came-to-yorkshire-1sqnxcp8ly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yellow-bike-on-otley-street-by-the-author-2s3cjvjb.png Figure 1: Yellow bike on Otley Street. By the author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-banner-on-restaurant-by-the-author-ifs6bu64.png Figure 4: banner on restaurant. By the author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sheep-statue-by-the-author-3bd1wfeh.png Figure 3: sheep statue. By the author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mural-on-newmarket-street-by-the-author-c71ts6w2.png Figure 2: mural on Newmarket Street. By the author. https://scispace.com/papers/cyclization-in-concert-5bkeij27go 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biosynthetic-pathway-of-mucin-like-o-glycans-once-i43krb9y.png Figure 1 Biosynthetic pathway of mucin-like O-glycans. Once mucin-type O-glycans are synthesized in the Golgi by glycosyltransferases (GTs), the corresponding mucin-like glycoproteins are transported to the plasma membrane. Gadhoum and Sackstein showed that CD15s (sLex) on mucin-type glycoproteins is further subjected to processing by an endogenous sialidase on the cell surface, thus forming CD15 (Lex). Proteins are shown in light blue. https://scispace.com/papers/cytokinin-binding-proteins-from-mammalian-sera-2k4q6hv1q1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3h-i6a-binding-by-gel-filtration-1bqy8njz.png Figure 2. 3H-i6A binding by gel filtration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3h-i6a-binding-by-chromatography-on-sephadex-g-25-3d49xhvd.png Table 1. 3H-i6A binding by chromatography on Sephadex G-25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-affinity-chromatography-for-the-isolation-of-2yvspfqf.png Figure 1. Affinity chromatography for the isolation of cytokinin binding protein from normal rabbit serum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-binding-of-3h-i6a-to-the-protein-fraction-in-the-38q4rsxz.png Table 2. Binding of 3H-i6A to the protein fraction in the presence of unlabelled compounds. https://scispace.com/papers/d-card-a-distributed-mobile-phone-based-system-for-relaying-13249ben5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-d-card-system-architecture-1hnvj128.png Fig. 1. D-Card System Architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-power-consumption-ohouma0h.png TABLE I POWER CONSUMPTION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bloom-filter-encoding-2yrmm0m0.png Fig. 4. Bloom Filter Encoding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-d-card-context-exchange-3vz5kkly.png Fig. 3. D-Card Context Exchange. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-d-card-structure-3jqtgyy6.png Fig. 2. D-Card Structure. https://scispace.com/papers/dabco-catalyzed-reaction-of-allenic-esters-and-ketones-with-1tp0c4blbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ortep-draw-of-4a-1c4u54p8.png Figure 1. The ORTEP draw of 4a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ortep-draw-of-3a-22kefofj.png Figure 1. The ORTEP draw of 4a. https://scispace.com/papers/d-opioid-receptor-activation-protects-against-parkinson-s-2xoo2p5waw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dor-activation-promoted-parkins-translocation-from-2utl1wnr.png Figure 5. DOR activation promoted Parkin’s translocation from cytoplasm to mitochondria and its phosphorylation at Ser65 UBL domain and increased OMM ubiquitination for mitophagy. (A) PC12 cells were exposed to hypoxia at 1% O2 for 48 hrs, the protein extracted from mitochondria and cytosols were analyzed by Western blot respectively. C: normoxic control. H: hypoxia. H+U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 in hypoxic conditions. H+ U+N: PC12 cells were treated with UFP-512 plus naltrindole at the same time in hypoxic conditions. N=3 for each group. Note that hypoxia at 1% O2 for 48 hrs led to a significant decrease in Parkin expression both in the mitochondria and cytosol. Activating DOR using UFP-512 caused a modest increase in the ratio of mitochondria/plasma Parkin density, appearing as a sharp decrease of Parkin in the cytoplasm and an inappreciable increase of Parkin in the mitochondria. (B) PC12 cells were exposed to 1.0mM MPP + for 24 hrs. The Parkin expressed both in mitochondria and cytosols were measured using Western blot. C: control. M: MPP + . M+U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 and exposed to MPP + . M+U+N: PC12 cells were treated with UFP-512 plus naltrindole and exposed to MPP + . N=3 in each group. ** p˂0.01 vs. control. ΔΔ p˂0.01 vs. M. Note that DOR activation caused a translocation of Parkin from cytoplasm to mitochondria with a significant decrease of Parkin in cytosol and a noticeable increase of Parkin in mitochondria under MPP + insults. (C) The PC12 cells were treated with CCCP or exposed to hypoxia at 1% O2 for 48 hrs or 1.0 mM MPP + for 24 hrs and the control group were established. The proteins were immunoprecipitated with anti-Ub antibody or anti-phospho-Ub (Ser65) antibody. Immunoprecipitants (IPs) and whole cell lysates (WCLs) were analyzed for Parkin, Mfn2 and Tom20. CCCP: positive control. PC12 cells were treated with 10 μM CCCP for 24 hrs. C: control. C+U: the cells were treated with UFP-512. H: hypoxia. H+U: DOR activation with UFP-512 in hypoxic condition. M: MPP + . M+ U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 and then exposed to MPP+. Note that the administration of UFP-512 promoted the phosphorylation of Parkin at its Ser65 UBL domain, and increased the ubiquitination of Mfn2 and Tom20 both under normal conditions and MPP + insults. Hypoxia induced a remarkable degradation in Mfn2 and Tom20 expression with an increase in the ubiquitination of these two proteins. UFP-512 did not appreciably alter the hypoxia-mediated effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-beneficial-effects-of-dor-activation-on-2j9a1kr4.png Figure 3. Beneficial effects of DOR activation on mitochondria under hypoxic and/or MPP + insults were partially blocked by PINK1 knockdown or DOR knockdown. (A) BC: blank control. PC12 cells were merely transfected with lipofectamine 2000. NC: negative control. PC12 cells were transfected with negative control siRNA. DOR siRNA: PC12 cells were tranfected with two kinds of DOR siRNA 1 and 2. PINK1 siRNA: PC12 cells were transfected with PINK1 siRNA. N=3 for each group. * p<0.05, ** p˂0.01 vs. BC. Note that the expression intensity of DOR was significantly interfered by DOR siRNA 2, and PINK1 expression was significantly reduced by PINK1 siRNA transfection. (B) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-mechanisms-underlying-dor-mediated-fu2gvqtn.png Figure 8. Schematic mechanisms underlying DOR mediated protection against mitochondrial injury under hypoxic and/or MPP + insults. Solid green arrow: strong mitoprotection. Dotted green arrow: weak mitoprotection. Green flat arrow: strong inhibition. Note that although DOR activation up-regulated PINK1 in both conditions of MPP + and hypoxia, DOR exhibited a more powerful mitoprotective capacity against MPP + insults through stabilizing mitochondrial potential, restoring mitochondrial function, and inhibiting anti-cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. Moreover, DOR activation differentially regulated ROS under MPP + vs. hypoxia, and it also specifically promoted the recruitment of Parkin in the mitochondria, thus enhanced the mitophagy in a PINK1-Parkin dependent manner in MPP + conditions but not in hypoxia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dor-activation-promoted-mitophagy-under-normal-3j9u08qg.png Figure 7. DOR activation promoted mitophagy under normal conditions and MPP + insults in a PINK1-dependent manner. C: control. C+U: cells were treated with DOR agonist UFP-512 in normal conditions. H: hypoxia. H + U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 in hypoxic conditions. M: MPP + . M + U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 and exposed to MPP + . (A) PC12 cells transfected with PINK1 siRNA were exposed to hypoxia at 1% O2 for 48 hrs or 1.0mM MPP + for 24 hrs, and then the mtDNA content were measured using qPCR. N=3 in each group. NS: not significant, ΔΔ p<0.01 vs. C or M within the same group. Note that DOR activation induced down-regulation of mtDNA content was significantly attenuated by PINK1 knockdown both under normoxic and/or MPP + conditions. The application of DOR agonist UFP512 showed an unappreciable effect on mtDNA content after cells were transfected with PINK1 siRNA under hypoxic condition. (B) COXII degradation was evaluated before and after PINK1 knockdown. N=3 in each group. NS: not significant. p<0.01 vs. C or M within the same group. Note that the administration of DOR agonist UFP-512 down-regulated COXII expression under normoxia and MPP + , whereas PINK1 knockdown interfered with DOR mediated COXII degradation. (C) N=3 in each group. NS: not significant, Δ p˂0.05 vs. C or M within the same group. PC12 cells were transfected with negative control siRNA or PINK1 siRNA. Fluorescent imaging and quantification of co-localization of Parkin/mitochondria were performed in PC12 cell line. Note that PINK1 knockdown seriously interfered with the co-localization of GRP-Parkin and RFP-mitochondria induced by DOR activation under normal and MPP + conditions. The overlapping of Parkin/mitochondria showed no appreciable difference between the cells transfected with NC siRNA and the cells transfected with PINK1 siRNA under hypoxic condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dor-activation-attenuated-hypoxic-and-or-mpp-3u47mtx0.png Figure 1. DOR activation attenuated hypoxic and/or MPP + insults induced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and mitochondrial dysfunction. (A) PC12 cells were exposed to hypoxia at 1% O2 for 48 hrs, the mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using TMRM reagent. C: normoxic control. H: hypoxia. H+U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 in hypoxic conditions. H+U+N: PC12 cells were treated with UFP-512 plus naltrindole at the same time in hypoxic conditions. H+N: PC12 cells were treated with DOR antagonist naltrindole alone in hypoxic condition. N=3 in each group. ** p˂0.01 vs. C; Δ p˂0.05 vs. H; Note that hypoxia significantly decreased the red fluorescent intensity compared to the control, suggesting the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. The application of DOR agonist UFP-512 attenuated these changes and the flow cytometer results were consistent with the fluorescence microscope observation. (B) PC12 cells were exposed to 1.0 mM MPP + for 24 hrs. C: control. M: MPP + . M+U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 and exposed to MPP + . M+U+N: PC12 cells were treated with UFP-512 plus naltrindole and exposed to MPP + . M+N: PC12 cells were exposed to naltrindole along with MPP + . N=3 in each group. ** p˂0.01 vs. C; Δ p˂0.05, ΔΔ p<0.01 vs. M. Note that MPP + insults also caused a depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, while activating DOR using UFP-512 significantly reversed these destructive changes induced by MPP + insults. In contrast, applying DOR antagonist naltrindole alone further aggravated the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential under MPP + insults. The results measured by flow cytometer were consistent with the florescence observation. (C) PC12 cells were exposed to 1% O2 for 48 hrs or 1.0mM MPP + for 24 hrs. N=3 in each group. ** p˂0.01 vs. C; Δ p˂0.05, ΔΔ p<0.01 vs. H or M. Note that hypoxia and/or MPP + caused a significant decrease in ATP generation, while DOR activation restored the capacity of mitochondria in ATP production. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dor-activation-enhanced-mitophagy-under-normoxic-1osp8bg4.png Figure 6. DOR activation enhanced mitophagy under normoxic and MPP + conditions, but not in hypoxia. C: control. CCCP: PC12 cells were treated with 10 μM CCCP for 24 hrs. C+U: cells were treated with DOR agonist UFP-512 in normal conditions. C+U+N: cells were treated with DOR agonist UFP-512 plus DOR antagonist naltrindole under normal conditions. H: hypoxia. H+U: DOR was activated using UFP512 in hypoxic conditions. H+U+N: DOR was treated with UFP-512 plus naltrindole at the same time in hypoxic conditions. M: MPP+. M+U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 and exposed to MPP + . M+U+N: PC12 cells were treated with UFP-512 plus naltrindole and exposed to MPP + . (A) Quantification of mtDNA was carried out using qPCR under normoxic, hypoxic and MPP + conditions. N=3 for each group. NS: not significant, * p<0.05, ** p˂0.01 vs. control. ΔΔ p<0.01 vs. M. Note that exposure to CCCP or hypoxia induced significant reduction of mtDNA content in PC12 cell line. The administration of DOR agonist UFP-512 remarkably decreased the mtDNA relative content in the conditions of normoxic and MPP + , whereas no appreciable change was observed under hypoxic conditions. (B) N=3 for each group. NS: not significant, * p<0.05, ** p˂0.01 vs. control. ΔΔ p<0.01 vs. M. Mitophagy was analyzed by measuring the degradation of COXII. Note that CCCP or hypoxic exposure significantly decreased COXII expression. DOR activation by UFP-512 promoted the degradation of COXII under normoxic and MPP + conditions, whereas showed a minimum effect under hypoxia. (C) N=3 for each group. NS: not significant. Δ p<0.05 vs. C or H or M. PC12 cells fluorescent imaging and quantification of co-localization of Parkin/mitochondria were performed in PC12 cell line. Note that exposure to CCCP caused a remarkable increase in co-localization of GRP-Parkin and RFP-mitochondria. The administration of UFP-512 significantly increased the overlap of Parkin/mitochondria under normorxia and MPP + , while showed a minimum effect under hypoxia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-knockdown-of-dor-or-pink1-interfered-with-dor-3ax2x361.png Figure 4. Knockdown of DOR or PINK1 interfered with DOR-mediated cytoprotection against hypoxia and/or MPP + . (A) The PC12 cells transfected with DOR siRNA or PINK1 siRNA together with the cells transfected with NC siRNA were exposed to hypoxia at 1% O2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dor-activation-strongly-protected-pc12-cells-from-3o9vhx4p.png Figure 2. DOR activation strongly protected PC12 cells from the oxidative injury induced by MPP + , and inhibited the cytochrome c release with a mild effect on the cells exposed to hypoxia. (A) PC12 cells were exposed to 1% O2 for 48 hrs. The mitochondrial superoxide was detected by MitoSOX Red Mitochondrial Superoxide Indicator. C: normoxic control. H: hypoxia. H+U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 in hypoxic conditions. H+U+N: PC12 cells were treated with UFP-512 plus naltrindole at the same time in hypoxic conditions. N=3 for each group. ** p˂0.01 vs. C. Note that hypoxia significantly increased the mitochondrial superoxide appearing as a sharp increase in red fluorescent intensity, incubation the cells with DOR specific agonist UFP-512 showed no appreciable difference. (B) PC12 cells were treated with 1.0mM MPP + for 24hrs. C: control. M: MPP + . M+U: DOR was activated using UFP-512 and exposed to MPP + . M+U+N: PC12 cells were treated with UFP-512 plus naltrindole and exposed to MPP + . N=3 for each group. ** p˂0.01 vs. C; ΔΔp<0.01 vs. M. Note that MPP + up-regulated mitochondrial superoxide in PC12 cells. DOR activation significantly attenuated the superoxide generation with a remarkable decrease in red fluorescent density under MPP + insults, while the addition of naltrindole plus UFP-512 reversed the effects induced by DOR activation. (C) PC12 cells were exposed to 1% O2 for 48 hrs or treated with 1.0mM MPP + for 24 hrs, the protein from cytosol were extracted and analyzed by Western blot. N=3 for each group. * p˂0.05, ** p˂0.01 vs. C; Δp˂0.05 vs. H; ΔΔp<0.01 vs. M. Note that hypoxia and MPP + caused a rise of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm, whereas DOR activation remarkably inhibited the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm against MPP + insults with a mild effect on the cells exposed to hypoxia. https://scispace.com/papers/daily-temperature-variation-lowers-the-lethal-and-sublethal-ynbby527ar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-chlorpyrifos-concentrations-24-hours-after-3dc1w1u9.png Figure 3. Measured chlorpyrifos concentrations 24 hours after the application of the pesticide 289 pulse for each of the six treatment combinations of interspecific competition and daily 290 temperature variation (DTV). Each mean concentration is given ±1 standard error. 291 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-visualization-of-the-experimental-scheme-for-the-hr17jiuz.png Figure 1. A visualization of the experimental scheme for the Culex pipiens larvae. Larvae 177 were continuously reared at a constant temperature (DTV of 0 °C) or fluctuating temperatures 178 (DTV of 10 °C) at the same mean temperature of 20 °C. In the final L4 instar they were 179 exposed to the solvent control of a chlorpyrifos pulse, and 24 h later the interspecific 180 competition treatment started. The gray bands indicate periods with interspecific competition 181 with Daphnia magna. 182 183 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effects-of-chlorpyrifos-cpf-on-a-lethal-and-the-two-1wbrnhbz.png Figure 4. Effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on a lethal and the two sublethal response variables of 351 the mosquito Culex pipiens in function of daily temperature variation (DTV) and competition 352 with the water flea Daphnia magna: (A) total survival from start L4 until pupa, (B) 353 development time from start L4 until pupa, and (C) pupal mass. Means are given with their 354 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dose-response-curve-for-the-effect-of-chlorpyrifos-f2txvmr3.png Figure 2. Dose-response curve for the effect of chlorpyrifos (nominal concentrations) on 283 survival after 72h in the mosquito Culex pipiens at a constant temperature of 20 °C. The gray 284 area gives the 95% confidence interval and the dots visualize the observed survival 285 percentage for a given vial. The size of the dots indicates the number of replicate vials 286 (smallest dot: 1 vial; largest dot: 10 vials). 287 https://scispace.com/papers/das-leuchten-des-meeres-neue-beobachtungen-nebst-ubersicht-1ql3h1kqfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-7-cyclops-rostratus-fig-13-8-cyclopis-pullus-fig-18-9-1zey420s.png Fig. 22, 7) Cyclops rostratus Fig. 13, 8) Cyclopis pullus Fig. 18, 9) Eijthrocephalus coecus Fig. 6, 10) ^. macrophthalmus Fig. 5, 11) Za/v« A/Vf/vb Fig. 23, 12) Manti's platjura Fi^. 20, 13) JVauplius Fi^. l7 , 14) Palaemon noctilucus Fig. 2, 15) Penaeus adspersus Fig. 1, 16) Phasmatocarcinus glaucus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ii-synchaeta-baltica-n-sp-korper-panzerlos-kurz-conisch-24fpl1dg.png Fig. II. Synchaeta baltica n. sp. Körper panzerlos, kurz conisch, bis y lang, vorn breit abgestutzt, hinten spitz, in eine kurze bewegliche Zange endend, welche oft als einfache Spitze erscheint. Ein 4 lappiges, muskulöses Räderorgan wird vorn so hervorgeschoben, dafs die gröfseren Theile weit seitlich hervorstehen. Zwischen dem Räderorgan in der Mitte ist ein kleiner, unpaarer, behaarter Stirntheil, oder Oberlippe, hinter dem auf der Rückenselte unmittelbar ein grofses, rothes Auge liegt. Zwischen den https://scispace.com/papers/dancing-with-physio-a-mobile-game-with-physiologically-aware-8l4g9z2byv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-from-the-five-point-scale-sam-questionnaire-2xboa4sp.png Fig. 4. Results from the five-point scale SAM questionnaire: means and standard errors in the a) arousal and b) valence dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-motion-capture-setting-of-the-dance-animations-1zta72ck.png Fig. 3. Motion capture setting of the dance animations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-participants-interacting-with-the-virtual-humans-of-3jk2xyeg.png Fig. 1. a) Participants interacting with the virtual humans of the game through the use of their own psychophysiological activity, b) Initial configuration screen of the game. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-from-poms-questionnaire-mean-and-standard-1rv82qoj.png Fig. 5. Results from POMS questionnaire: mean and standard errors in a) total scores, b) scores by factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparisons-of-heart-rate-3ov96efy.png TABLE 3 Comparisons of Heart Rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-means-and-standard-errors-of-the-physiological-1mwp227g.png Fig. 6. Means and standard errors of the physiological variables in the two experimental conditions: a) heart rate, b) respiration rate, c) skin conductance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-apathetic-virtual-humans-barely-dancing-b-euphoric-3ofa7yv8.png Fig. 2. a) Apathetic virtual humans barely dancing, b) euphoric virtual humans dancing frenetically. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparisons-of-skin-conductance-2rht7r4u.png TABLE 5 Comparisons of Skin Conductance https://scispace.com/papers/dark-matter-implications-of-the-wmap-planck-haze-2fgzn32kak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-our-roi-with-masked-compact-sources-chosen-to-bzvpvvpr.png Figure 2. Left: Our ROI with masked compact sources chosen to produce the conservative DM constraints with CMB subtraction only. It was constructed as the rectangle −35° ≤ b ≤ −10°, |l| ≤ 35°. Right: Our ROI with masked compact sources chosen for the regional fitting in the component separation procedure (see more in §6). Before point source masking it was constructed as a half-disc of 60° radius around GC, with very bright areas around the Galactic plane also masked. This ROI is also used in the presentation of example DM emission spectra in §4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-variation-ranges-and-mean-of-the-contributions-for-21c7cd1v.png Table 6. Variation ranges and mean of the contributions for all our DM/MF/propagation models. The last row shows the residuals normalized to data. More details are in §6.3 and §6.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-examples-of-the-marginalized-1d-and-2d-likelihoods-3pwl9hfp.png Figure 8. Examples of the marginalized 1D and 2D likelihoods for the components mentioned on each plot. The green regions show 68% confidence intervals while the blue regions 95%. 1D likelihoods are shown for both the BF and WF cases. 2D confidence regions are shown for the pairs of most correlated component intensities in the BF case. More details are in §6.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-all-parameter-values-for-the-best-fitting-bf-the-2bt0nmia.png Table 3. All parameter values for the best-fitting (BF, the first row) and worst-fitting (WF, the second row) DM/MF/propagation models. Lower rows illustrate the fit quality for other models, which differ from the BF model by one or two parameters indicated in the respective columns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-addition-of-the-bubbles-and-dm-on-the-1r3tzg7n.png Table 4. Effects of addition of the Bubbles and DM on the quality of the fit. The BF DM model shown is described in Table 3. The second column shows results with “standard” foregrounds only. The third column shows the χ2r improvement after adding the Bubbles. The fourth column shows improvements after adding the BF DM model only (no Bubbles). The last column shows improvements in the most general case of the Bubbles and DM considered together. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-online-for-all-figures-examples-of-dm-2t6hz474.png Figure 1. (COLOR ONLINE FOR ALL FIGURES) Examples of DM emission intensity maps in Galactic coordinates, at the frequencies indicated. The top left map represents a reference DM parameter configuration (“REF”). Specific parameters of the configuration are given above the map. Other maps show the difference with respect to the REF map when the model parameters are changed as noted. The difference is shown as the ratio Ix(b, l)/IREF(b, l), where Ix is the intensity of the map with one of parameters being changed and IREF is the intensity of the REF map. To illustrate dependence on MF/propagation we changed the relevant parameters. For more details see §2.6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-residuals-resulting-from-our-component-separation-syrih580.png Figure 6. Residuals resulting from our component separation procedure in units of the total measured sky intensity. The top row shows the residuals at different frequencies without introducing either the Bubbles or DM template. We can see a clear excess in this case at low frequencies. The bottom row shows residuals at 23 GHz with DM only and Bubbles+DM. Adding DM improves residuals slightly, while adding both the Bubbles and DM improves the residuals much more. At the same time the difference between the BF and WF configurations is almost absent. More details are in §6.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diffusion-parameter-values-for-the-electron-xhujoz5k.png Table 1. Diffusion parameter values for the electron propagation (which enter Eqs. 2.3–2.6) and MF vertical scale heights (which enter Eq. 2.2) used in our work. https://scispace.com/papers/das-sehen-der-niederen-tiere-erweiterte-bearbeitung-eines-4ffb9olmox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ii-zusammengesetzter-ocell-an-der-spitze-der-ii-r-n-1vlpu2ot.png Fig. II. Zusammengesetzter Ocell an der Spitze der ^ii^ r»^„n^ ^ Kiemen von Branchiomma Köllikeri. ^^^^ J^"^ ^^^^^ erregt, in deren Sehfeld die https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-querschnitt-durch-den-zusammengesetzten-die-einen-dfvw2r7p.png Fig. 12. Querschnitt durch den zusammengesetzten die einen mehr, die anKiemenocell von Branchiomma Küllikeri. , , t-n https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-schema-des-sehens-mit-dem-euconen-zusammengesetzten-2evwdxht.png Fig. 23. Schema des Sehens mit dem euconen zusammengesetzten Arthropodenauge (Appositionsauge). Den Facettengiiedern https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2-facettenglied-eines-zusammengesetzten-insektenauges-3juweua0.png Fig. 2 2. Facettenglied eines zusammengesetzten Insektenauges („Appositionsauges"), cl Cornealinse ; kk Kegel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-stirnocell-einer-fliege-helophilus-sp-sz-sehzellen-e6a8j9id.png Fig. 16. Stirnocell einer Fliege {Helophilus sp.). sz^ Sehzellen mit kurzem, der Linse dicht anliegenden rezipierenden Abschnitt (dicke Kontur); sz^ von der Linse entfernte Sehzelle mit langgezogenem rezipierenden Abschnitte; sn Sehnerv. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-stirnocell-einer-libelle-agrioti-sp-l-linse-sz-sz-17rrajar.png Fig. 17. Stirnocell einer Libelle (Agrioti sp.). l Linse; sz^, sz., eiste, zweite Reihe der Sehzellen; in ihnen sind die lichtrezipicrenden Elemente (Rhabdome) durch die dickeren Linien dargestellt; sn Sehnerv. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-epithelialer-pigmentbecherocell-von-patclla-k83aius3.png Fig. 7. Epithelialer Pigmentbecherocell von Patclla, schematisch, cp Epithel; die Sekretmasse sckr deckt das Sehepithel, das aus pigmentierten Sehzellen nnd pigmentfreien Sekretzellen besteht; sn Sehnerv. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-2cnzbzec.png Fig. 21, https://scispace.com/papers/data-based-characteristics-analysis-for-linear-discrete-time-4q9wdukqx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-trajectories-of-system-17-q5bj3zko.png Fig. 2. State trajectories of system (17) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-output-trajectories-of-system-17-igjdra2h.png Fig. 1. Output trajectories of system (17) https://scispace.com/papers/data-currency-in-replicated-dhts-4vv8a5o19f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-timestamp-generation-3bt6n1w9.png Figure 4. Timestamp generation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-timestamp-generation-2yl66nud.png Figure 3. Example of timestamp generation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-response-time-vs-failure-rate-3b9g3x3q.png Figure 11. Response time vs. failure rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-response-time-vs-frequency-of-updates-3682tf9b.png Figure 12. Response time vs. frequency of updates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-communication-cost-vs-number-of-peers-3tm6fnhs.png Figure 8. Communication cost vs. number of peers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-communication-cost-vs-number-of-replicas-regn5bgm.png Figure 10. Communication cost vs. number of replicas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-response-time-vs-number-of-peers-24xqwqyk.png Figure 6. Response time vs. number of peers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-response-time-vs-number-of-peers-2frosdqd.png Figure 7. Response time vs. number of peers https://scispace.com/papers/data-driven-tree-structured-bayesian-network-for-image-1e2tntshkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-overview-of-data-driven-tree-structured-bayesian-2zpgz8kv.png Fig. 1. The overview of Data-Driven Tree-Structured Bayesian Network (DDT) framework. The original image (1) is over-segmented in multi-scale hierarchical manner in process (2). (3) The corresponding DDT is built according to the superpixels in each level. (4) The features are extracted from the original image corresponding to each superpixel. (5)-(7) After learning and inference algorithm, the resulting hierarchical segmentation can be interpreted from levelH1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contour-detection-and-region-segmentation-on-bsds300-1pvd3qcp.png Table 1. Contour detection and region segmentation on BSDS300. The algorithm is in descending order with respect to PRI, top is the best. The optimal single scale for region segmentation is l = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-segmentation-results-the-original-images-top-and-2yx6361w.png Fig. 2. Segmentation results. The original images (top) and corresponding ground-truth multiscale contours (2nd row). The multiscale contours produced by our meDDT (3rd row) and GMiND (4th row). The optimal scale segmentation of meDDT (5th row) and GMiND (6th row). https://scispace.com/papers/data-driven-model-improved-by-multi-objective-optimisation-4pac889i9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ml-modelling-for-prediction-of-building-energy-loads-de0rkwfz.png Table 1: ML modelling for prediction of building energy loads and performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-the-selected-features-for-building-23qn3evd.png Figure 2: Distribution of the selected features for building energy data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-comparison-of-ml-models-including-all-1rr2nq0h.png Table 5: Performance comparison of ML models including all features and removing unimportant ones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagram-of-an-rf-model-with-n-independent-trees-1zd3yjv9.png Figure 4: Diagram of an RF model with n independent trees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rmse-of-predicting-a-heating-and-b-cooling-loads-by-2wyyh2o2.png Figure 7: RMSE of predicting (a) heating and (b) cooling loads by varying the number of total number of samples used for training https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-training-and-testing-time-of-energy-loads-1v632iaj.png Figure 8: Average training and testing time of energy loads models the versus number of records. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-proposed-ml-optimisation-3io8d8o3.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the proposed ML optimisation method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-enrgyplus-features-extracted-for-model-wmuva67g.png Table 2: List of EnrgyPlus features extracted for model training https://scispace.com/papers/data-hiding-of-intra-prediction-information-in-chroma-1y88jalxij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-bitrate-savings-for-the-two-set-of-qps-a-2ykizud0.png Table 1. Percentage bitrate savings for the two set of QPs (a), and location of the mark (in percentage) for 3 QPs (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-of-hidden-index-for-the-proposed-scheme-in-27y84v5m.png Fig. 2. Percentage of hidden index for the proposed scheme in YUV 4:2:0 and YUV 4:4:4 for each QPs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pareto-frontier-obtained-for-a-given-set-of-rd-pairs-a8u2cdlr.png Fig. 1. Pareto frontier obtained for a given set of RD pairs. https://scispace.com/papers/data-report-meadow-marsh-pond-system-sewage-treatment-1vr4wrvml8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-eadow-marsh-pond-schematic-37gkh4hj.png Figure 1. ~eadow/marsh/pond schematic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-total-coliform-3l2j94h8.png Figure 14. Total coliform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-biochemical-oxygen-demand-19iv69p8.png Figure 7 . Biochemical oxygen demand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-total-solids-3advzs2m.png Figure 2. Total solids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-v-o-l-a-t-i-l-e-dolids-3duy3qqh.png Figure 3 . Total v o l a t i l e dolids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-influent-and-ef-f-luent-temperatures-3q8coo6p.png Figure 16. Influent and ef f luent temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-suspended-s-o-l-i-d-s-hx0eekkg.png Figure 4 . Total suspended s o l i d s . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-total-nitrogen-p1fuhcxh.png Figure 9. Total nitrogen. https://scispace.com/papers/data-predictive-control-using-regression-trees-and-ensemble-1ec5kub5s6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dpc-en-at-time-k-the-algorithm-uses-the-forecast-of-ghco9d81.png Fig. 2: DPC-En: At time k, the algorithm uses the forecast of disturbances Xdk|k to select linear models Θ1 to Θt in the leaves of each ensemble. The linear models in each ensemble are averaged to calculate a single model represented by Θ̂j which act as constraints in the optimization problem. The optimal sequence [Xck|k, . . . ,X c k+N−1|k], of which the first one is applied, and Xdk+1|k+1 is calculated to proceed to k + 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-quantitative-comparison-of-root-mean-square-error-jmqnwxw6.png TABLE I: Quantitative comparison of root mean square error (RMSE), R2 score, and explained variance (EV) for trees and forests for different predictions steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-predictions-from-a-tree-and-a-forest-for-2zmjf9gg.png Fig. 3: Temperature predictions from a tree and a forest for first step prediction (top) and the 6-hour ahead prediction (bottom). Ensemble method shows a relatively higher accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-quantitative-comparison-of-explained-variance-mean-f8hrdyml.png TABLE II: Quantitative comparison of explained variance, mean value of objective function, mean input cost cTu and mean deviance from the reference temperature |T− Tref |. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-optimal-performance-obtained-with-mpc-16szce1c.png Fig. 4: Comparison of optimal performance obtained with MPC, DPC-En and DPC-RT for 3 days in January and 3 days in May. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-separation-of-variables-step-1-tree-t1-is-trained-only-1bvw1enp.png Fig. 1: Separation of variables. Step 1: Tree T1 is trained only on the disturbances Xd as the features. Tree T2 uses both the disturbances Xd and the control variables Xc for splitting and is thus not computationally suitable for control. Step 2: In the leaf Ri of the trees, a linear regression model parametrized by βi is defined as a function only of the control variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-model-accuracy-during-training-the-prediction-made-by-1jcryuab.png Fig. 5: Model accuracy during training: The prediction made by forest using only Xd (red) captures the effect due to disturbances. The linear models in the leaves capture the local effects (green) due to the control inputs Xc and improve the model accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-power-management-using-dpc-the-controller-is-active-2y6mmdqe.png Fig. 6: Power management using DPC. The controller is active between 7am - 2pm. This region is marked in dashed red lines. https://scispace.com/papers/data-fusion-based-descriptor-approach-for-attitude-2jv235ppgk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-empirical-cumulative-distribution-function-for-euler-3h9er66h.png Fig. 4. Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function for Euler angles estimation errors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-external-acceleration-top-of-the-figure-and-euler-16a9kepq.png Fig. 3. External acceleration (top of the figure) and Euler angles estimation errors during experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rmse-of-euler-angles-for-the-estimators-cf-gda-qdf-62x4wdbs.png Table 2. RMSE of Euler angles for the estimators CF, GDA, QDF, QKF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-with-mti-and-vicon-system-1i5xvujc.png Fig. 2. Experimental setup with MTi and Vicon system https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-angular-velocity-scenario-30bitsap.png Table 1. Angular velocity scenario https://scispace.com/papers/ddt-uptake-by-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-alfalfa-and-depletion-4bboj394vb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ddt-concentrations-in-alfalfa-a-shoot-and-b-root-z0klyhx6.png Fig. 1. DDT concentrations in alfalfa (a) shoot and (b) root tissues by Soxhlet extraction. Data are means of three replicates and on a dry matter (freeze- https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-shoot-and-root-dry-matter-yield-freeze-dried-2u7sk5mh.png Table 1 Mean shoot and root dry matter yield (freeze-dried basis) and proportion of root length colonized by the AM fungus after cultivation of mycorrhizal alfalfa with or without surfactant and non-mycorrhizal controls in soil containing different levels of added DDTa (mean SE, n ¼ 3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ddt-adsorbed-on-alfalfa-roots-results-are-expressed-as-i20yw8bw.png Fig. 3. DDT adsorbed on alfalfa roots. Results are expressed as percentage of DDT adsorbed on roots (n ¼ 3). Bars, standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-ddt-concentrations-in-a-rhizosphere-and-b-bulk-nww8eb21.png Fig. 2. Total DDT concentrations in (a) rhizosphere and (b) bulk soil. Data are https://scispace.com/papers/dating-us-business-cycles-with-macro-factors-z7qxbwzybk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-end-of-sample-probabilities-of-recession-pt-t-for-3jv5l316.png Figure 6: End-of-sample probabilities of recession (p̂t,t) for the hold-out sample 1988:1 – 2010:12. Shaded areas denote NBER recession months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probabilities-of-recession-paths-for-the-hold-out-xhtc7tsa.png Figure 7: Probabilities of recession (paths) for the hold-out sample period 1988:1 – 2010:12. Shaded areas denote NBER recession months. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-out-of-sample-loss-2poa13i9.png Table 4: Out-of-Sample Loss https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mle-markov-switching-models-byilew3i.png Table 3: MLE Markov-Switching Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-single-factor-probit-models-for-yt-xmv6350n.png Table 1: Single-Factor Probit Models for yt https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bayesian-probit-models-for-yt-4yazvks2.png Table 2: Bayesian Probit Models for yt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-factor-gt-and-capacity-utilization-ab89yclr.png Figure 1: Dynamic factor (ĝt) and capacity utilization. Standardized units are reported. Shaded areas denote NBER recession months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-sample-probabilities-of-recession-from-the-2yb94yzz.png Figure 2: In-sample probabilities of recession from the single-factor probit model using ĝt as predictor. Shaded areas denote NBER recession months. https://scispace.com/papers/de-aliasing-undersampled-volume-images-for-visualization-436g71rs0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2d-slices-of-simulated-3d-data-with-the-326q0y85.png Figure 5: 2D slices of simulated 3D data, with the undersampled axis vertical and one of the sufficiently sampled axes horizontal. (a) shows Image Correlation Supersampling (ICS), and (b) interpolative supersampling. In the 3D data a bright disk translates from left to right, as is reconstructed correctly by ICS in (a). The disk is incorrectly split into two features in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-image-correlation-supersampling-ics-and-b-5dbp1h1d.png Figure 6: (a) Image Correlation Supersampling (ICS), and (b) interpolative supersampling. The images show an isosurface calculated from the 3D data. In the 3D data a bright disk translates from left to right, as is reconstructed correctly by ICS in (a). The disk is incorrectly split into two features in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-the-impact-of-interpolative-methods-qwc6apl5.png Figure 1: An example of the impact of interpolative methods for supersampling undersampled data. (a) A properly sampled image of a shape with a Gaussian cross section. (b) shows supersampling of an undersampled version of the same object. The undersampling and supersampling are in the vertical direction. Note the bumpy shapes introduced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-an-isosurface-calculated-from-simulated-2d-fluid-hso1du59.png Figure 8: An isosurface calculated from simulated 2D fluid flow. (a) Image Correlation Supersampling (ICS), and (b) interpolative supersampling. (c) shows an isosurface calculated from data correctly sampled at high resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2d-slices-of-3d-data-measuring-turbulent-flow-with-285tivf8.png Figure 7: 2D slices of 3D data measuring turbulent flow, with the undersampled temporal axis vertical and one sufficiently sampled spatial axis horizontal. (a) Image Correlation Supersampling (ICS), and (b) interpolative supersampling. (b) shows significant aliasing introduced by the supersampling. The aliasing is not apparent in (a). (c) is a gold standard for the supersampled data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-image-correlation-supersampling-ics-and-b-2z3rsomg.png Figure 10: (a) Image Correlation Supersampling (ICS), and (b) interpolative supersampling. The images show 2D slices of 3D data measuring turbulent flow. (b) shows significant aliasing introduced by the supersampling. The aliasing is not apparent in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-an-isosurface-calculated-from-3d-imaging-data-of-11isq8yf.png Figure 9: An isosurface calculated from 3D imaging data of turbulent fluid flow. (a) Image Correlation Supersampling (ICS), and (b) interpolative supersampling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-frames-from-measurements-of-turbulent-fluid-flow-21hh3zha.png Figure 4: Frames from measurements of turbulent fluid flow. Time increase for images toward the right. The overall flow within each image is toward the left. https://scispace.com/papers/de-novo-transcriptome-characterization-of-royal-iris-iris-2vd0f1969t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-characterization-of-ssrs-loci-found-in-iris-3mdf7xrz.png Figure 7. Characterization of SSRs loci found in Iris transcriptome. a. Distribution of SSR mot repeat numbers and relative frequency. b. Frequency distribution of SSRs based on motif sequenc types. if e https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-iris-transcriptome-samples-ukiipqye.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics of Iris transcriptome samples. GC – Percentage of G or C nucleotides in the sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plant-materials-used-for-rna-sequencing-a-iris-1nze8zt8.png Figure 1. Plant materials used for RNA sequencing. a. Iris atropurpurea flower in the field sit where collected (Dora). b. Representation of three stages of bud development (1 to 3) in atropurpurea, as defined in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-contig-lengths-in-base-pairs-across-1k6sms62.png Figure 2. Distribution of contig lengths (in base pairs) across the assembled contigs from the Iris transcriptome. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-the-10-most-abundant-pfam-protein-families-in-the-1li5725b.png Figure 4. a. The 10 most abundant PFAM protein families in the I. atropurpure a transcriptome. b. The 10 most abundant transcription factors families in the atropurpurea transcriptome. a I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phylogenetic-analysis-of-mads-box-proteins-from-the-2accwhvb.png Figure 5. Phylogenetic analysis of MADS-box proteins from the I. atropurpurea transcriptome, fulva, Arabidopsis and rice. I. atropurpurea transcripts names are in red and I. fulva in light blue Colours are for visual separation only. Sequences that were separated from their known clade hav the name of their original clade written on the branch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-top-10-hit-species-distribution-of-annotated-1j5602ab.png Figure 3. a. Top 10-hit species distribution of annotated transcripts. Other species represented in the transcriptome had only 1% or less of the transcripts annotated to them. b. Clusters of orthologous group (COG) classification, showing 22,564 transcripts that were classified. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistical-summary-of-iris-transcriptome-sequencing-2twpym3s.png Table 1. Statistical summary of Iris transcriptome sequencing and assembly. https://scispace.com/papers/de-novo-construction-of-polyploid-linkage-maps-using-3xxcs3d2zx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-performance-between-map-construction-xhuexuyx.png Figure 3: Comparison of performance between map construction in netgwas and MSTMAP for different genotyping error rates. Simulated data contain 300 markers for different numbers of individual n. Top figure reports average grouping, and bottom figure shows average ordering accuracy scores over 50 independent runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cartoon-example-of-conditional-dependence-pattern-3v1fub7u.png Figure 1: Cartoon example of conditional dependence pattern between neighboring markers in different population schemes: (i) homozygous, (ii) inbred, (iii) outcrossing (outbred) populations, where ordered markers Y1, . . . , Y5 reside on chromosome 1, and Y6, . . . , Y10 on chromosome 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-construction-linkage-map-in-potato-a-estimated-3qbj1akw.png Figure 6: Construction linkage map in potato. (a) Estimated precision matrix for unordered genotype data of tetraploid potato. (b) Estimated precision matrix after ordering markers. (c) Estimated order of markers across potato genome, versus estimated order in tetraploidSNPmap software. Each dashed line represents a chromosome. All potato chromosomes were detected correctly in netgwas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tetraploid-peanut-linkage-map-comparison-khdu0nwz.png Figure 4: Tetraploid Peanut linkage map comparison. Performance of netgwas and MapMaker on map construction for tetraploid peanut. There is a high level of consistency between MapMaker and netgwas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-certainty-associated-with-the-linkage-map-kz47twbd.png Figure 2: The certainty associated with the linkage map estimation in A.thaliana using the non-parametric bootstrap. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-copies-dosage-of-a-reference-allele-3heyutq0.png Table 1 Number of copies (dosage) of a reference allele. Relation between different genotypes, Xj., and allele dosage, Yj, for a tetraploid individual, where A is the reference allele. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-an-example-of-correspondence-between-yj-and-xj-185dmr2u.png Table 1 Number of copies (dosage) of a reference allele. Relation between different genotypes, Xj., and allele dosage, Yj, for a tetraploid individual, where A is the reference allele. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-performance-measures-of-linkage-map-1ydgaycf.png Table 2 Summary of performance measures of linkage map construction in simulated F2 populations for netgwas, MSTMAP and JOINMAP at different rates of missingness and genotyping errors. The Tables presents average grouping and ordering accuracy scores for 50 independent runs and standard deviation in parentheses. Best scores are boldfaced. https://scispace.com/papers/death-in-kingston-upon-thames-analysis-of-the-bonner-hill-169k2oilwa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-number-of-burials-at-bonner-hill-cemetery-1y5e3tpv.png Table 2 Percentage Number of Burials at Bonner Hill Cemetery By Month, 1856- 1909 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-infant-mortality-in-the-first-year-after-birth-1855-a03aabur.png Table 4 Infant Mortality In the First Year After Birth 1855-1911 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-generally-accepted-reason-as-to-why-the-months-36j07fxy.png Figure 1. The generally accepted reason as to why the months of August and September was a dangerous period for infant health – particularly in urban areas - is that the August heat precipitated bouts of infant diarrhoea which often proved fatal. As Williams and Galley have argued in relation to infant mortality: “The urban-rural difference was always present throughout the year, but reached its maximum between July and September; the period when many urban infants succumbed to diarrhoea-related diseases.”8 This was certainly the case in Kingston, and was frequently highlighted by the Medical Officer of Health. In his report covering the year 1899, for example, H.Beale Collins stated in relation to diarrhoea that “The greatest mortality from this disease was in August and September, when 44 infants under one year of age died.” The reasons he gives for these 44 deaths are worth quoting in detail: https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-class-profile-of-kingston-in-1851-and-1891-2hkqqxmv.png Table 6 Class Profile of Kingston in 1851 and 1891 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-number-of-burials-at-bonner-hill-cemetery-2pce5fiq.png Table 1 Percentage Number of Burials at Bonner Hill Cemetery By Age, 1856-1909 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-and-of-infant-deaths-in-kingston-1873-1911-nrkigmud.png Table 5 Number and % of Infant Deaths in Kingston 1873-1911 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-age-profile-of-kingston-upon-thames-1861-1891-of-ig8xv2no.png Table 3 Age Profile of Kingston upon Thames 1861-1891 (% of total population) https://scispace.com/papers/debt-maturity-is-long-term-debt-optimal-5bcatm1caf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-u-s-sustainability-for-the-never-default-3la3ury6.png Figure 16: U.S. - Sustainability for the Never Default Equilibria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-u-s-welfare-110qg2yb.png Figure 17: U.S. -- Welfare https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibration-2490xr68.png Table 1: Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-brazil-government-bond-yields-jan-1st-2002-dec-31st-2e4tdh55.png Figure 1: Brazil -- Government Bond Yields Jan 1st, 2002--Dec 31st, 2002 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-brazil-sustainability-for-the-sometimes-default-1thdgm91.png Figure 8: Brazil -- Sustainability for the 'Sometimes-Default-Equilibrium' https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-debt-sustainability-in-cole-and-kehoe-2000-j8bg7dxw.png Figure 9: Debt Sustainability in Cole and Kehoe (2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-brazil-sustainability-in-the-two-period-debt-25bmr1ku.png Figure 6: Brazil -- Sustainability in the Two Period Debt Economy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-brazil-sustainability-for-the-never-default-18fkypfh.png Figure 7: Brazil -- Sustainability for the 'Never-Default-Equilibrium' https://scispace.com/papers/deathbed-phenomena-reported-by-patients-in-palliative-care-az057lzang 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-results-1udz3qxi.png Figure 1 Flow Chart of Results https://scispace.com/papers/decadal-prediction-skill-using-a-high-resolution-climate-1erhyef2p1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-oceanic-heat-content-1021-joules-0-500m-over-the-3igjkasg.png Figure 9: Oceanic Heat Content (1021 joules) [0-500m] over the SPG for GLORYS2V3 (black line) and a) DH93, b) DH94, c) 828 DH95 and d) DH96 (red line). The anomalies are computed with respect to the time average over the 10-year hindcasts. The 829 spread is computed on the 5 members as more or less 1 standard deviation (red shading). The zero line is in gray. 830 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-anomaly-coefficient-correlation-of-the-sst-19920ru5.png Figure 4: Anomaly coefficient correlation of the SST hindcasts (with respect to ERSST3b) for a) the global ocean, b) the 776 AMO, c) the tropical Atlantic, d) the Indian Ocean and e) the nino3-4 index. The areas used to compute the indices are 777 defined within the figure 1a. The red (purple) line denotes the hindcast (4-year persistence) skill (trends included). The 778 hindcasts are initialized every year from 1993 to 2002 (i.e. 10 hindcasts of 10 years). The gray shading indicates that the 779 ACC is not significant at the 95% confidence level according to a Monte-Carlo procedure. 780 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-evolution-of-vertically-integrated-in-pw-a-2psx5p3a.png Figure 13: Evolution of vertically integrated (in PW) a) meridional heat transport anomalies vT and its decomposition into 869 b) 𝑇𝑣′, c) 𝑣𝑇′and d) 𝑣′𝑇′ for DH95. The anomalies are computed with respect to the average over all the 10-year 870 hindcasts. Bars denote the monthly means and prime the departure from the monthly means. Dots indicate that anomalies are 871 significant at the 95% confidence level according to a Student t-test. 872 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ten-year-linear-trends-for-1994-2003-to-the-2003-wrbc61uw.png Figure 5: Ten-year linear trends for 1994-2003 to the 2003-2012 periods for a) winter SIE, b) summer SIE, c) winter SIV and 791 d) winter SIV. The SIE trend is expressed in 106 km2 and the SIV trend in 103 km3. The observed SIE (from NSIDC) and SIV 792 (from PIOMAS) are represented with a black cross. Each hindcast is represented by an orange circle and the ensemble mean 793 by an orange dashed line. The gray areas represent the spread (more or less one standard deviation of the ensemble) 794 computed from all the hindcasts of each start date, and the white area is the average over all the hindcasts. The hindcasts are 795 initialized every year from 1993 to 2002 (i.e. 10 hindcasts of 10 years with 5 members). 796 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-annual-mean-barotropic-streamfunction-sv-averaged-1i3ypyzb.png Figure 8: Annual mean barotropic streamfunction (Sv) averaged over all the hindcasts. The hindcasts are initialized every 821 year from 1993 to 2002 (i.e. 10 hindcasts of 10 years with 5 members). Negative (positive) values denote counterclockwise 822 (clockwise) circulation. The subpolar gyre area (SPG) is defined as the box represented in black: [60°W – 10°W; 50°N – 823 65°N]. 824 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cerfacs-hr-minus-erai-difference-in-surface-air-eyulanj3.png Figure 1: (a) CERFACS-HR minus ERAI difference in surface air-temperature (°C), averaged over all the start-dates and 753 lead-time, (b) drift in global mean surface air temperature (°C), over the 122 months lead-time, (c) drift in Arctic sea-ice 754 extent (106 km2) over the 122 months lead-time, (d) mean value of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (Sverdrup) 755 computed with GLORYS2V3 (contour) and CERFACS-HR (color), and its (e) CERFACS-HR minus GLORYS2V3 756 difference (color, in Sverdrup). (f) Annual mean of the drift of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, i.e an index 757 computed at 40°N and at a depth of 2000m, for the 10 years lead time. 758 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-751-fwdvro7m.png Figures 751 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-same-as-fig-10-but-for-barotropic-streamfunction-3mxej8ey.png Figure 12: Same as Fig. 10 but for barotropic streamfunction anomalies (Sv). 860 https://scispace.com/papers/decarbonisation-at-home-the-contingent-politics-of-32r1j7za7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-wattbox-interface-institute-of-energy-and-1hv58kvf.png Figure 2. The Wattbox interface. Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development (IESD), DeMontfort University. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-extract-from-the-guidance-information-provided-241b19gv.png Figure 1. An extract from the guidance information provided to participants – Feedback Lamp 1. Loughborough Design School. https://scispace.com/papers/decadal-variability-of-net-water-flux-at-the-mediterranean-2rszjz95n6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-yearly-mean-sea-level-anomaly-in-the-mediterranean-sea-840e6d3e.png Fig. 1. Yearly mean sea level anomaly in the Mediterranean Sea over the period 1970–2009 derived from multi-satellite altimetry (circle) and from MBMED11 reconstruction (square) with error bounds corresponding both to the RMS difference of input data (gray shadow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-yearlymean-thermo-steric-a-halo-steric-b-total-steric-3brccc2h.png Fig. 2. Yearlymean thermo-steric (a), halo-steric (b), total steric (c) sea level anomalies in the Mediterranean Sea over the period 1970–2006 from Ishii version 6.7 (circle) and Medar/Medatlas integrated until 4000meter depth (triangle). In c)Medar/Medatlas integrated until 600 (square) is shown in addition. Error bounds computed from Medar/ Medatlas (dashed line) and corresponding both to the RMS difference of input data (gray shadow) are given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-and-significance-of-climatic-index-with-agvf7x0l.png Table 6 Correlation and significance of climatic index with variables in 1970–2006. For sea level the component type is indicated by the subscript (tot: total sea level; ster: steric sea level; thermo-ster: thermo-steric sea level; halo-ster: halo-steric sea level; mass: mass induced sea level). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-large-scale-climate-modes-on-3exeugc1.png Fig. 6. Influence of large-scale climate modes on Mediterranean water mass budget components. DJFM yearly values of NAO index and anomalies of P, R sea level pressure, ∂M/∂t (note: the signs of the NAO and SLP are reversed) (top panel) and yearly values of the AMO index and of OAFLUX evaporation anomalies (bottom panel). For all, a six-year running mean is shown to focus on long-term anomalies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-yearly-anomalies-of-mediterranean-sea-water-cycle-2w7p4v3z.png Fig. 4. Yearly anomalies of Mediterranean Sea water cycle components in water budget equation (Eq. 1) during 1960–2009 relative to the period 1979–2001. From top to bottom: Evaporation (a), Precipitation (b), E-P (c), Bosphorus water flux, river discharge and time derivative of mass-induced sea level (Fig. 3b) (d) from model simulations (gray) and observations. Legend specifies data source. Error bounds in (a–b–c) correspond to the RMS difference of data input from databases (gray shadow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-yearlymass-induced-sea-level-anomaly-inmediterranean-3r44d3q2.png Fig. 3. Yearlymass-induced sea level anomaly inMediterranean Sea (a) and its time derivative (b) over the period 1970–2009. Shown are estimates based on the steric-corrected sea-level reconstruction using two different steric corrections (squares for Medar/ Medatlas and circles for Ishii), on the steric-corrected sea-level altimetry using two different steric corrections (inverted triangles from MFSTEP and triangles from Ishii) and on GRACE-basedmass retrievals (diamonds). Bounds in (a) correspondboth to error propagation of components (dashed line) and to RMS difference of solutions derived from input data in Figs. 1 and 2 (gray shadow). In (b) only bounds corresponding to RMS of solutions are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-data-for-the-seven-fields-used-in-this-study-3tdrm8k6.png Table 1 List of data. For the seven fields used in this study : temperature (T), salinity (S), sea level (Stot ), mass-induced sea level (Smass), evaporation (E), precipitation (P), sea level pressure (SLP) the name of the database together with its time interval, spatial and temporal resolutions are given. For the T and S fields the maximum depth and the number of levels are given in addition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimates-of-gibraltar-water-flux-anomalies-during-the-2n7jiip2.png Fig. 5. Estimates of Gibraltar water flux anomalies during the period 1960–2010 (reference period is 1979–2001). Shown are yearly values from the PROTHEUSmodel simulation (circle) and from the water budget equation using observational estimates of E, P, ∂M/∂t and simulated R and B (triangle), and similar estimates neglecting R+B (square, diamond). E is from OAFLUX, P is from the REOFS and from GPCP, ∂M/∂t is from the steric corrected sea-level reconstruction using Ishii data. Error bounds correspond to the annual uncertainties given for E, P, E-P in Table 4. Bounds correspond both to error propagation of components including only E, P (black dashed line) and to RMS difference of solutions including all components in Fig. 4 (gray shadow). https://scispace.com/papers/decay-of-correlations-in-one-dimensional-dynamics-3490imvn2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-construction-of-partitionspn-the-middle-part-ofo-25q3pby3.png Fig. 1. Construction of partitionŝPn. The middle part ofω reaches large scale afterν1 iterates; the uppe part has a shallow return, and the lower part has a deep return. https://scispace.com/papers/decentralised-distributed-fountain-coding-asymptotic-4xi74v0zq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-symmetric-dsc-with-lt-codes-2ct3z3ey.png Fig. 2. Symmetric DSC with LT codes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-generic-ddfc-scheme-b-symmetric-dsc-problem-in-1objtntp.png Fig. 1. (a) Generic DDFC scheme, (b) Symmetric DSC problem in Example 2 as an instance of DDFC, (c) Weighted UEP LT codes [5] for two classes of importance as an instance of DDFC, (d) EWF codes [6] for two classes of importance as an instance of DDFC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-weighted-lt-codes-with-an-optimised-degree-k76lbchg.png Fig. 3. Weighted LT codes with an optimised degree distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/decentralized-sliding-mode-control-for-a-class-of-nonlinear-3ltsd2ewk6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-time-response-of-the-system-states-by-using-dsfc-izxcpado.png Fig. 4: The time response of the system states by using DSFC proposed in [23] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-time-response-of-the-sliding-functions-3ijw4cdj.png Fig. 3: The time response of the sliding functions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-time-response-of-the-system-states-29eqgsbo.png Fig. 1: The time response of the system states https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-time-response-of-the-system-control-signals-28dz8a7n.png Fig. 2: The time response of the system control signals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-time-response-of-the-system-states-by-using-dsfc-lhye8fl0.png Fig. 7: The time response of the system states by using DSFC proposed in [23] under the new conditions (71)-(72) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-time-response-of-the-system-control-signals-by-2rmmlp3w.png Fig. 5: The time response of the system control signals by using DSFC proposed in [23] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-time-response-of-the-system-states-by-using-the-p7amdwo9.png Fig. 6: The time response of the system states by using the method proposed in this paper under the new conditions (71)-(72) https://scispace.com/papers/decay-of-multiple-spin-echoes-in-dipolar-solids-228rkfuk8f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dependence-of-the-decay-time-t-on-pulse-spacing-v-v-t-1pmazgcn.png FIG. 1. Dependence of the decay time T* on pulse spacing v (v. =t,/4; t, is the cycle time) in KvSiF&, CaF2, KAsF6, and Teflon. These data were obtained from Figs. 2 and 3 of Bef. 4. Note that T*ccv for CaF2 and K2SiF6, while T*cc~ for KAsF6 and Teflon. https://scispace.com/papers/decision-making-for-mitigating-wildlife-diseases-from-theory-gdzulchlxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-management-related-parameter-space-1nhvbiar.png Figure 4. Results of management-related parameter space exploration, obtained from the simplified 553 model. Panels (a), (b), (c) depict the combinations of management effects (reduction of transmission 554 β, initial host density S0, or host survival) that are required to obtain R0 = 1. In panel (b), reducing 555 transmission or initial density leads to the same graph (see eq. S12). In panel (c), parameter 556 combinations under the plotted surface lead to R0 > 1. Panel (d) indicates the ratios of final host 557 densities (with and without management) as a function of two management parameters (with a 558 quasi-extinction threshold of 0.01). 559 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-flow-chart-for-the-fire-salamander-bsal-kpo4d1sa.png Figure 1. Summary flow-chart for the fire salamander-Bsal integral projection model. The arrows 526 indicate how hosts can transition within and between the susceptible and infected states from time t 527 to time t+1 (three days apart); z and z’ indicate infection loads at t and t+1 respectively. Inserts 528 represent the elicited parameter values; for Survival and Transmission (probability of transmitting 529 infection from an infected to a susceptible host), curves indicate the most likely elicited values, with 530 shaded areas indicating minimum-maximum ranges. For Initial load, the insert represents the 531 elicited probability distribution; for Load Growth, the insert represents the probability density 532 function of Bsal load at time t+1, given the load at time t. 533 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-predicted-outcomes-for-potential-bsal-m5pafsqc.png Figure 2. Comparison of predicted outcomes for potential Bsal mitigation actions in a fire 536 salamander population over a three-month period, obtained from the IPM. The x-axis indicates the 537 basic reproduction number of Bsal (R0), and the y-axis the host population decline, expressed as the 538 ratio between the final number of susceptible individuals for a given action and that simulated for a 539 scenario without infection. Values shown are median (markers) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) 540 for each action (error bars). Note that, given the strong within-action correlation between R0 and 541 final density ratio (not shown), the error bars for the latter are the associated results of the 95% CIs 542 in R0: within a management action, the highest final density ratio is associated to the lower 95% CI 543 bound of R0, et vice versa. 544 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distance-covered-by-infected-individuals-during-2wb2izpk.png Figure 3. Distance covered by infected individuals during their life-span, under different mitigation 547 actions, obtained from the IPM. Action labels correspond to those indicated in Fig 2 and Table 1. 548 The y-axis indicates the proportion of individuals that moved at least the distance given by the 549 respective value on the x-axis. Dashed lines indicate minimum/maximum values. 550 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-exploratory-actions-for-bsal-mitigation-3tb8njah.png Table 1. Summary of exploratory actions for Bsal mitigation and their implementation in the 518 integral projection model. The column “Parameters modified” refers to the parameters in the IPM 519 equations (Supporting Information) and how they were modified to simulate the prospective 520 management actions. “Data” indicates the modification was applied directly to the values elicited 521 from experts (e.g., the estimated transmission rates at different infection loads). 522 https://scispace.com/papers/decide-now-or-wait-for-the-next-forecast-testing-a-decision-1qd4wr798m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-utilities-for-the-basic-cost-loss-model-the-rows-3423tq2n.png Table 1: utilities for the basic cost-loss model. The rows represent the different choices, and the columns represent the different weather. Each combination of choice and weather leads to a value of the utility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-utilities-for-the-extended-cost-loss-model-the-rows-2sjp3zu4.png Table 2: utilities for the extended cost-loss model. The rows represent the different choices, combined across Thursday and Friday. Thursday’s choice is cancel or wait, and Friday’s choice, if cancellation has not already occurred on Thursday, is to cancel or go-ahead. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definitions-of-the-different-probabilities-used-in-2qg11o7r.png Table 3: definitions of the different probabilities used in the extended cost-loss model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synthetic-forecast-data-results-for-the-average-3tgxof8t.png Figure 1: synthetic forecast data results for the average utility achieved across 2500 simulated cases, for four different decision-making methodologies applied to the base case described in the text. The methodologies are 1) the extended cost-loss decision making algorithm derived in this article (labelled extended), 2) the simple decision making methodology based on always ignoring Thursday’s forecast and waiting to Friday (labelled always-fc1), 3) the simple decision making algorithm based on always ignoring Friday’s forecast and deciding on Thursday (labelled always-fc2) and 4) the decision making algorithm that consists of applying the simple cost-loss framework on Thursday and then if necessary again on Friday (labelled basic-twice). The first four columns show the average utilities of each algorithm on its own. The black bars show the 5%-95% uncertainty intervals estimated with bootstrapping. We see that extended has the highest (least negative) utility. The next three columns show the differences in the utilities between the methods. We see that extended shows a statistically significant positive difference versus the other three methods. https://scispace.com/papers/decision-environment-effects-on-intertemporal-financial-1x84w5y65h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-predicted-system-1-behavior-3n6x1d4z.png Figure 1: Predicted System 1 Behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predicted-effects-of-treatments-on-estimated-wgve8wwq.png Table 2: Predicted Effects of Treatments on Estimated Parameter Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-start-date-t-on-early-payment-demand-3s5081et.png Table 3: Effect of Start Date, t, on Early Payment Demand https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-15reap7d.png Table 1: Experimental Design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributions-of-parameter-estimates-3g9hm3cu.png Figure 4: Distributions of Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-quantile-treatment-effects-on-individual-utility-3k6uyfqs.png Table 5: Quantile Treatment Effects on Individual Utility Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-demand-for-early-payment-by-treatment-and-test-1vzjum82.png Figure 3: Demand for Early Payment by Treatment and Test Score https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-demand-functions-for-early-payment-in-data-18arm1ot.png Figure 2: Demand Functions for Early Payment in Data https://scispace.com/papers/deciphering-the-mechanism-of-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibition-6pu96zen3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crystallographic-parameters-and-refinement-1skaos5p.png Table 2. Crystallographic Parameters and Refinement Statistics for the hCA II-4b Adduct https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electron-density-map-at-1s-of-the-hydrolyzed-dvh0tx14.png Figure 1. Electron density map at 1σ of the hydrolyzed coumarin 2 (i.e., trans-2-hydroxy-cinnamic acid 4b) bound within the hCA II active site. The Zn(II) ion and its three protein ligands, (His94, His96, His119, CPK colors) and the coordinated water molecule (w, in red) are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-binding-of-the-coumarin-2-hydrolysis-product-trans-3e0dl94m.png Figure 2. Binding of the coumarin 2 hydrolysis product (trans-2-hydroxy-cinnamic acid 4b in yellow) and coumarin 1 hydrolysis product (cis2-hydroxycinnamic acid 3, magenta) to the hCA II active site. The protein backbone is shown as green ribbon, the catalytic Zn(II) ion as violet sphere, with its three protein ligands (His94, 96, and 119, CPK colors) also evidenced. The proton shuttle residue (His64) is shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inhibition-ofmammalian-isozymesca-i-xv-h-human-m-2d8g8ccx.png Table 1. Inhibition ofMammalian IsozymesCA I-XV (h=Human,m=Murine Isoform)withCoumarins/Thiocoumarins 1, 2, 5-23, by a StoppedFlow, CO2 Hydration Assay Method (6 h Incubation Time between Enzyme and (Thio)coumarin) 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-superposition-of-the-hca-ii-3-adduct-gold-pdb-file-3ugnmgvf.png Figure 4. Superposition of the hCA II-3 adduct (gold, PDB file 3F8E), hCA II-4b adduct (violet, PDB file 4F8E)with the hCA II-phenol 24 adduct22 (file not available in PDB, sky blue) and hCA II-sulfonamide 25 adduct24 (magenta, PDB file 3EFT). The protein backbone is shown as green ribbon, the catalytic Zn(II) ion as pink-violet sphere, with its three protein ligands (His94, 96, and 119) evidenced. Some of the amino acid residues involved in the binding of hydrolyzed coumarins (His64, Asn67, and Phe131) are also shown (CPK colors). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hydrogen-bonds-in-which-4b-participates-when-bound-3ohn51ra.png Figure 3. Hydrogen bonds in which 4b participates when bound to the hCA II active site with residues Asn62, His64, Gln92, and a water molecule (w257). Figures represent distances (in Å). https://scispace.com/papers/decision-making-on-adoption-of-cloud-computing-in-e-commerce-rkwore3bib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-fuzzy-evaluation-decision-matrix-3mriemqv.png TABLE VI: FUZZY EVALUATION DECISION MATRIX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hierachy-of-criteria-11jl3qln.png Fig 4. Hierachy of criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-nine-point-intensity-of-importance-scale-28-1emqc68a.png TABLE IV: NINE-POINT INTENSITY OF IMPORTANCE SCALE [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-iaas-paas-and-saas-32rdeu60.png Fig 1: IaaS, PaaS and SaaS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-technological-factors-definition-3oftz4th.png TABLE I: TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS DEFINITION https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-organisational-factors-definition-2y8dxga7.png TABLE II: ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS DEFINITION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-enviromental-factors-definition-3la9njfu.png TABLE III: ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS DEFINITION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-proposed-method-ukkan6vb.png Fig 3. The proposed method. https://scispace.com/papers/decision-support-interventions-for-people-making-decisions-2jokgyk3rz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-graph-review-authors-judgements-about-11192i1n.png Figure 2. Risk of bias graph: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-flow-diagram-3hv20nuj.png Figure 1. Study flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-risk-of-bias-summary-review-authors-judgements-3j1m3tph.png Figure 3. Risk of bias summary: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study https://scispace.com/papers/decision-time-and-steps-of-reasoning-in-a-competitive-market-4iexq77l16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-market-entry-rates-in-percent-by-capacity-time-119gsnpe.png Figure 1: Market entry rates in percent by capacity, time constraint, and treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-market-entry-rates-in-percent-by-capacity-gender-8k06ydj4.png Figure 2: Market entry rates in percent by capacity, gender, time constraint, and treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-the-entry-decision-when-the-market-3fnhzf0j.png Table 4: Determinants of the entry decision when the market capacity is 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-payoff-matrix-in-the-market-entry-game-in-points-17t2gr00.png Table 1: Payoff matrix in the market entry game (in points) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-36tytrgh.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-the-entry-decision-when-the-market-3cz6937k.png Table 3: Determinants of the entry decision when the market capacity is 2 https://scispace.com/papers/decisive-role-of-the-energetics-of-dissociation-products-in-1oxo440ttn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-adsorption-energy-of-a-oads-and-b-oh-as-a-function-of-3640t8av.png FIG. 3. Adsorption energy of a Oads and b OH as a function of O on O/Ru 0001 surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-projected-density-of-states-on-the-p-263ofyqg.png FIG. 2. Color online a Projected density of states on the p orbitals of the O atom belonging to the OH adsorbed on a hcp site on O/Ru 0001 at different values of O. Inset: adsorption height of OH as function of O. b PDOS on the d orbitals of Ru in the top surface layer and in O 2 4 /Ru 0001 Ru atom not bound to Oads . c PDOS on Oads and the O atom in OH before and after the adsorption of OH on O 2 4 /Ru 0001 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-adsorption-energies-eads-of-h-oh-and-h2o-adsorbed-on-1p8v8mzv.png TABLE I. Adsorption energies Eads of H, OH, and H2O adsorbed on Ru 0001 at different O. Preferred adsorption sites are indicated; two sites into the same parentheses denote equally favorable sites. The energy gained by dissociative adsorption Ediss H2O defined by Ediss H2O=Eads H +Eads OH−Esplit H2O; where Esplit H2O=5.58 eV is the required energy for partial dissociation of the water molecule in vacuum. The relative stability of dissociative versus molecular adsorption E is defined by E=Ediss H2O–Eads H2O. Notice that positive values of E denote favored dissociative over intact adsorption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-relaxed-geometries-of-h2o-adsorbed-on-o-2lwwgowp.png FIG. 1. Color online Relaxed geometries of H2O adsorbed on O/Ru 0001 surfaces for two different O: a O 4 4 /Ru 0001 substrate O=0.0625 ML and b O 2 4 /Ru 0001 , corresponding to O=0.125 ML. https://scispace.com/papers/declarative-framework-for-semantical-interpretations-of-6jrvy88o06 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-snippet-using-the-cs-module-3pg0mtkj.png Figure 4: Snippet using the cs module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-snippet-using-the-scs-and-scse-modules-32dube6y.png Figure 5: Snippet using the scs and scse modules https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interface-to-cs-6zgexuf9.png Table 1: Interface to cs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-herbrand-constraint-system-1602z4wj.png Figure 3: A Herbrand constraint system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-class-diagram-1qy9qs9l.png Figure 1: General class diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-snippet-using-the-ba-module-1tf1h84j.png Figure 6: Snippet using the ba module https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interface-to-scs-and-scs-e-2wme4x06.png Table 2: Interface to scs and scs-e https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-worst-case-complexity-of-methods-n-means-of-elements-z0elq8ni.png Table 3: Worst-case complexity of methods, n means # of elements in the cs https://scispace.com/papers/declaratively-programming-the-mobile-web-with-mobl-3k8xx9nn2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-talk-details-22bm6x05.png Figure 4: Talk details https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nearby-conferences-naklut3e.png Figure 1: Nearby conferences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-next-talks-figure-6-search-3bf22x08.png Figure 5: Next talks Figure 6: Search https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tuesdays-schedule-qi5zoz74.png Figure 3: Tuesday’s schedule https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schedule-days-1iwxr86q.png Figure 2: Schedule days https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-loading-conference-data-and-picking-a-conference-2xywaq3c.png Figure 9: Loading conference data and picking a conference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-conference-screen-s04djx31.png Figure 10: The conference screen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-eventitem-and-eventdetails-controls-mok1s0ms.png Figure 11: The eventItem and eventDetails controls https://scispace.com/papers/decomposing-predictability-semantic-feature-overlap-between-udif29kd7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-approach-to-disentangle-contiguity-and-3iglwxe9.png Fig. 1. A simple approach to disentangle contiguity and semantic feature overlap of two words. Driver and car often co-occur in the same sentence, and therefore are associated, but they also contain many common associates, e.g. alcohol, owner and helmet (cf. e.g. Roelke et al., 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-values-sd-in-parentheses-of-manipulated-and-12wqioux.png Table 2. Mean values (SD in parentheses) of manipulated and controlled variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-lmm-analyses-p-0-05-2jw7nwnw.png Table 4. Results of the LMM analyses (* P < 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-se-of-the-target-noun-for-the-different-eye-307xgjqz.png Table 3. Means (SE) of the target noun for the different eye movement parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-sentences-for-the-experimental-conditions-vtcwvboq.png Table 1. Example sentences for the experimental conditions https://scispace.com/papers/decoherence-a-closed-system-approach-ugyqkp5e3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schema-of-the-interactions-among-the-particles-a-kto74i76.png FIG. 1: Schema of the interactions among the particles: (a) generalized spin-bath model (M > 1), and (b) original spin-bath model (M = 1). https://scispace.com/papers/decomposing-series-parallel-graphs-into-paths-of-length-3-39npqmy6oa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-2-edge-connected-non-planar-graph-with-no-p4-c3-1ns530e9.png Figure 1: A 2-edge-connected non-planar graph with no {P4, C3}-decomposition https://scispace.com/papers/decouverte-precoce-d-une-osteonecrose-dysbarique-4i3fq4kudn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coupes-coronales-obliques-de-lepaule-droite-en-onb0zulw.png Fig. 2 : Coupes coronales obliques de l’épaule droite en séquences pondérées T1. Hyposignal de la région métaphyso-épiphysaire. https://scispace.com/papers/deconvolution-of-directly-precipitating-and-trap-3svv6foamz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-efits-of-two-gaussian-component-model-to-double-33pgs0wm.png FIG. 2.ÈFits of two-Gaussian component model to double footpoint sources of HXT maps shown in Fig. 1. The representation is identical to Fig. 1, with identical contour levels. The distance between the Gaussian centers deÐnes the footpoint separation measurement. Note that the two-component model Ðts only the Ñuxes near the peaks of the footpoint sources, whereas no attempt was made to Ðt additional structures of the HXT map. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ehxt-nux-prodles-bilinearly-interpolated-along-the-oc7lyl29.png FIG. 3.ÈHXT Ñux proÐles (bilinearly) interpolated along the footpoint baseline computed from the Gaussian Ðts as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The observed Ñux is shown with a thick solid line (normalized), whereas the Ðt of the two-component Gaussian model is shown with a thin solid line (and the center positions of the Gaussians are marked with dashed lines). Note that the Ðts are optimized in the two-dimensional image plan and thus do not necessarily coincide with the best conceivable Ðt along a one-dimensional scan line, especially for source components that are not spherically symmetric. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ethree-model-scenarios-for-a-symmetric-left-column-a-73wilma7.png FIG. 8.ÈThree model scenarios for a symmetric (left column), a slightly asymmetric (middle column), and strongly asymmetric magnetic trap (right column). The spatial conÐguration of a buried dipole and the resulting pitch-angle motion of trapped and/or precipitating electrons is sketched (top row) ; the magnetic Ðeld B(s) is parametrized as function of the loop coordinate s (second row) ; the pitch-angle variation a(s) as function of the loop coordinate and three pitch-angle regimes are shown (third row) ; and the corresponding pitch-angle regimes in velocity space are shown (bottom row). The numbers 1 and 2(v A , v M ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-edistributions-of-precipitation-and-trapping-fractions-1xiczbmi.png FIG. 9.ÈDistributions of precipitation and trapping fractions (top), conjugate loss-cone angles (middle), and magnetic mirror ratios (bottom), calculated for an isotropic pitch-angle distribution at the acceleration/ injection site (see numerical values in Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-escatter-plot-of-footpoint-distances-measured-at-di-awge6cpq.png FIG. 4.ÈScatter plot of footpoint distances measured at di†erent energies : vs. (left frame) and vs. (right frame). The mean andd M1 dLo dM2 dM1standard deviation of their ratios do not indicate a signiÐcant deviation from unity (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ecomparison-of-footpoint-asymmetries-a-measured-at-di-3llpmeso.png FIG. 5.ÈComparison of footpoint asymmetries A measured at di†erent energies : vs. (left frame) and vs. (right frame). The mean andA M1 ALo AM2 AM1standard deviation of their ratios do not indicate a signiÐcant deviation from unity (solid line). Data points from Ñares with large footpoint separations (d [ 20 Mm) are indicated with Ðlled diamonds. These well-separated footpoints show a tighter correlation between the asymmetries and because ofALo AM1less confusion by thermal emission that bridges the footpoints in the lowest energy channel (Lo). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ede29clq.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-l3e8qxdg.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/decrease-in-electrical-resistivity-below-28-nom-by-aging-in-5a5117epop 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cont-35n8b2jc.png Figure 4. Cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hardness-and-electrical-resistivity-a-alloy-i-aged-2ww2hce5.png Figure 4. Cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-alloy-ii-aged-at-400-degc-for-425-h-a-b-tem-images-2eo3xdxt.png Figure 5. Alloy-II aged at 400 °C for 425 h. (a,b) TEM images at different magnifications showing the size and morphology of the precipitates; (c) TEM image showing two nanometric precipitates; (d) HRTEM image of the area enclosed by the dashed square “d” in (c) in which the solid white https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-in-weight-gnnyoelq.png Table 1. Chemical composition (in weight %). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-alloy-ii-aged-at-400-degc-for-900-h-a-b-tem-images-22gegc40.png Figure 6. Alloy-II aged at 400 °C for 900 h. (a,b) TEM images at different magnifications showing the size and morphology of the precipitates; (c) TEM image showing a nanometric precipitate of the metastable L12-Al3Zr phase in (110) facet of the α(Al) matrix; (d) HRTEM image of the area enclosed by the dashed square in (c) showing the coherence of this nanosized precipitate of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-scheme-used-for-four-wire-resistivity-gqb3tr7p.png Figure 2. Experimental scheme used for four-wire resistivity measurements. VR is the voltage that the sample supports; IR is the current flowing through of the sample; Rsample is the resistance sample. Rlead is the resistance of the connecting cables; IS is the value of the current that the circuit supplies; VM is the voltage measured by this multimeter; RINPUT is the resistance of the multimeter and IM is the value of the current of the part of the multimeter circuit. https://scispace.com/papers/deep-learning-application-for-4d-pressure-saturation-4z490z925e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-for-sample-based-seismic-inversion-smb7o3rg.png Figure 1: Architecture for sample-based seismic inversion with explicit gradient calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schiehallion-2004-timestep-bayesian-inversion-and-1184rxwm.png Figure 3: Schiehallion 2004 Timestep Bayesian Inversion and Neural Inversion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schiehallion-2004-timestep-seismic-data-pore-volume-39hd5dw4.png Figure 2: Schiehallion 2004 Timestep Seismic data, pore volume and sim2seis results. https://scispace.com/papers/deep-learning-with-unsupervised-data-labeling-for-weeds-ri9cpastoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flowchart-of-crop-line-detection-method-3nbzaals.png Figure 2. Flowchart of crop line detection method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-from-left-to-right-line-detection-in-bean-a-and-4p4w38od.png Figure 3. From left to right: line detection in bean (a) and spinach (b) fields. Detected lines are in blue. In the spinach field, inter-row distance and the crop row orientation are not regular. The detected lines are mainly located in the center of the crop rows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-crop-and-weed-samples-of-size-64-x-64-2shdujh1.png Figure 7. Example of crop and weed samples of size 64 × 64 pixels with and without background. Bean: samples of crop (a,b), samples of weed (c,d). Spinach: samples of crop (e,f) and samples of weed (g,h). Depending on the plant size and the window position, we obtain a plant or aggregation of plants per window. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-roc-curves-of-test-data-with-weed-data-from-the-d2uosd1n.png Figure 11. ROC curves of test data with weed data from the bean field exchanged with those of the spinach field. From left to right: the ROC curves computed on the bean (a) and spinach (b) test data. In the bean field, the areas under the curve (AUCs) are 91.37% for unsupervised data and 93.25% for supervised data. In the spinach field, the areas under the curve (AUC) are 82.70% for unsupervised data and 94.34% for supervised data. Supervised and unsupervised data mean, respectively, data labeled in supervised and unsupervised ways. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-examples-of-superpixels-computed-on-images-with-the-6qc7iuhq.png Figure 4. Examples of superpixels computed on images with the dimensions N = 7360 × 4912 pixels. From left to right: the image is segmented with a number of superpixels equal to 0.5% × N, 0.1% × N, and 0.01% × N, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-detection-of-inter-row-weeds-red-after-line-1uzeutk4.png Figure 5. Detection of inter-row weeds (red) after line detection (blue) in a bean image. The crop mask is represented in green and the potential weeds in magenta. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-images-taken-in-bean-a-and-spinach-3jprpoxn.png Figure 6. Example of images taken in bean (a) and spinach fields (b). The bean field has fewer inter-row weeds and is predominantly composed of potential weeds. The inter-row distance is stable and plants are sparse compared to the spinach field, which presents a dense vegetation in the crop rows and irregular inter-row distances. The spinach field has more inter-row weeds and has few potential weeds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-receiver-operating-characteristic-roc-curves-of-2xfon4tw.png Figure 10. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the test data with unsupervised and supervised data labeling. From left to right, the ROC curves computed on the bean (a) and spinach (b) test data. In the bean field, the areas under the curve (AUCs) are 88.73% for unsupervised data and 94.84% for supervised data. In the spinach field, the AUCs are 94.34% for unsupervised data and 95.70% for supervised data. Supervised and unsupervised data mean, respectively, data labeled in supervised and unsupervised ways. https://scispace.com/papers/deep-learning-techniques-for-automatic-mri-cardiac-multi-4wq9m6rglw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-dice-scores-of-the-winner-of-the-segmentation-2b5nesjk.png TABLE IX DICE SCORES OF THE WINNER OF THE SEGMENTATION CHALLENGE [44] ON THE 1.5T AND 3T CMR IMAGES TAKEN FROM THE TESTSET. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-overview-of-methods-evaluated-during-the-acdc-lk4rdznh.png TABLE II OVERVIEW OF METHODS EVALUATED DURING THE ACDC CHALLENGE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-clinical-metrics-for-the-10-evaluated-methods-on-jgmoskm4.png TABLE IV CLINICAL METRICS FOR THE 10 EVALUATED METHODS ON THE TESTING DATASET. RED IS THE BEST METHOD, AND BLUE ARE THE METHODS WITHIN A P-VALUE LARGER THAN 0.05 ACCORDING TO BIAS AND STD MEASUREMENTS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-segmentation-accuracy-of-the-10-evaluated-methods-34v3rdg1.png TABLE III SEGMENTATION ACCURACY OF THE 10 EVALUATED METHODS ON THE TESTING DATASET. RED IS THE BEST METHOD, AND BLUE ARE THE METHODS WITHIN THE RANGE OF AGREEMENT (DICE INDEX OF 0.02 AND HAUSDORFF DISTANCE OF 2.26 MM FROM THE BEST). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-degenerated-result-at-the-base-of-the-heart-3mriuglt.png Fig. 4. Typical degenerated result at the base of the heart. [Left] input image; [Middle] ground truth; [Right] prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histogram-of-degenerated-slices-ed-left-and-es-right-qh99f38r.png Fig. 3. Histogram of degenerated slices ED (left), and ES (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-full-set-of-existing-cardiac-mri-1crg6atb.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF THE FULL SET OF EXISTING CARDIAC MRI DATASETS WHICH ARE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE FOR COMPARISON PURPOSES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-percentage-of-patients-with-an-ef-error-lower-than-5-25jg9zya.png TABLE V PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS WITH AN EF ERROR LOWER THAN 5%. https://scispace.com/papers/defect-assessment-of-mg-doped-gan-by-beam-injection-31to08zt50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-normalized-trcl-spectra-15-kv-10-na-measured-at-180-3orfegip.png FIG. 6. ~a! Normalized TRCL spectra~15 kV, 10 nA! measured at 180 K for a 1 ms delay time using a 3ms electron beam excitation pulse~solid line! and a 70ms excitation pulse~dashed line!. ~b! Gaussian deconvolution o the CL spectrum recorded with a 3ms pulse. Emission bands are centered 3.28, 3.02, and 2.82 eV~dashed lines!. The solid line is the best-fit curve while circles correspond to experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cl-intensity-of-the-bands-centered-at-180-k-at-2-92-23jchiyk.png FIG. 7. CL intensity of the bands centered at 180 K at 2.92 and 3.06 eV a function of the electron excitation pulse width. Solid lines correspond fits to Eq.~1!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photocurrent-spectra-of-a-mg-doped-film-recorded-at-2lmxr2mp.png FIG. 5. Photocurrent spectra of a Mg-doped film recorded at room temp ture without applied reverse bias~dashed line! and applying a 1.5 V reverse bias ~solid line!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cl-spectra-12-kv-5-na-recorded-at-different-1d5zbmjy.png FIG. 3. CL spectra~12 kV, 5 nA! recorded at different temperatures in th interval where the spectral distribution of the emission shows pronoun changes in the dominant band. https://scispace.com/papers/deep-sequencing-reveals-different-compositions-of-mrna-pw12gn6113 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detected-ranges-of-transgene-in-rnaseq-data-and-by-2nc5nowh.png Table 1. Detected ranges of transgene in RNAseq data and by targeted sequencing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-f8-and-dhfr-mrna-levels-across-the-14-analyzed-1i59mjfu.png Figure 3. F8 and dhfr mRNA levels across the 14 analyzed clones. (A) Overview of transgene composition. qPCR primer targets used in (C) are marked with grey lines. (B) F8 and dhfr expression level based on RNA sequencing in the CHO DXB11 clones (1-14) versus productivity. FVIII productivity is calculated as units recombinant FVIII released per cell within the first 48 hours of cultivation, and is shown as percentage of the clone with highest productivity. (C) Tripartite leader, F8 and dhfr expression level based on qRT-PCR in the CHO DXB11 clones (1- 14) versus productivity. (D) Read depth distribution over each basepair of the F8-dhfr expression cassette on the transfected plasmid. Typical results show for each group. From the top: clone 1 (High FVIII producing cell line), clone 8 (Medium FVIII producing cell line), clone 12 (non-producing cell line), clone 13 (non-producing cell line) and clone 14 (non-producing cell line). Representative clones for the various RNA signatures shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-transgene-integration-site-of-clone-8-a-read-3zuhtu2j.png Figure 4. The transgene integration site of clone 8. A) Read depth distribution for each base pair of the 20 kb region surrounding the suggested insertion site of clone 8 (vertical line) on scaffold NW_003615608.1 position 140838 in RNA sequencing data for all 14 clones. (B) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-growth-and-fviii-production-of-14-selected-cho-3awscxsd.png Figure 2. Growth and FVIII production of 14 selected CHO DXB11 clones. (A) Cultures were set ups seeded at 3x10e5 cells/ml and monitored during cultivation for viable cell count. Error bars indicate standard deviation of biological replicates. (B) The glutamine, glucose, and lactate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cho-dxb11-cells-were-transfected-with-a-plasmid-16syt1r4.png Figure 1. CHO DXB11 cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding FVIII and were subsequently single cell diluted. (A) The productivity of 62 CHO clones. Each bar represents an individual clone and clones numbered 1-14 were selected for further analysis. FVIII productivity was calculated as units recombinant FVIII (COA) released per cell per day, and is shown as percentage of the clone with highest productivity. (B) Western blot showing presence of FVIII protein in cell lysates from clone 1-14. https://scispace.com/papers/deep-recurrent-neural-network-and-point-process-filter-4rcv6fjiss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-maze-structure-and-the-rat-s-movement-1trv5xdq.png Figure 4: The maze structure and the rat's movement trajectory. a. Structure of the experiment, Wmaze. The rat moves from the center arm to the left and right arms to get food rewards. b. Movement trajectory in X and Y directions during the experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-spiking-patterns-of-two-different-groups-of-159cl7n5.png Figure 7: The spiking patterns of two different groups of place cells with a localized receptive field and putative place cells with a less distinct receptive field. a-b. place cells with a distinct receptive field. cd. place cells without a localized receptive field. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dropping-process-algorithm-3ras3ymx.png Table 1. Dropping Process Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-mechanisms-to-encode-the-geometry-of-the-mw1sr647.png Figure 1: Different mechanisms to encode the geometry of the maze. a. The experiment maze structure, where the rat moves in, blue lines represents the walls and borders of the maze; and the black lines are boards of the experiment area. b. The maze area is segmented using multiple small squares. Here, we have 49 different segments representing the whole area including both inside and outside maze. c. The experiment area divided one segment covers outside area and 20 segments covers inside the maze d. A balanced segmentation of the maze topology, the maze area is encoded by three segments, and one segment for the outside area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-mean-of-estimated-trajectory-in-approximate-3dd3x6ng.png Figure 6: a. Mean of estimated trajectory in approximate filter solution. b. Mean of estimated trajectory in the 3rd LSTM network topology. c. Mean of estimated trajectory in Numerical exact solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-traditional-lstm-network-topology-the-1st-model-3p7lhiob.png Figure 2: Traditional LSTM network topology (the 1st model). This model consists of a layer of LSTM recurrent units and a fully connected output layer to estimate the rat position -(𝑥, 𝑦) - from the place cells’ ensemble spiking activity. The input is spiking activity of an ensemble of C place cells and the output is -2D position of the rat in the maze (identified by a red dot indicator in the output image). Red segment in geometry-estimator section is the segment with highest probability where the rat is in it in the current time step. Finially, red arrow in velocity estimator section is direction of the rat movement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-segmentation-mechanism-for-the-maze-structure-three-1u2i35ix.png Figure 5: Segmentation mechanism for the maze structure. Three arms plus outside area encoded as Area1 to Area4. The areas between two adjacent arms assigned randomly to one of these near areas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-propsed-lstm-network-topologies-a-the-2nd-lstm-271on1rg.png Figure 3: The propsed LSTM network topologies. a. The 2nd LSTM network topology. Similar structure to the 1st topology for position estimator with addition of the geometry-estimator layer that adds information about geometry of the environment as an input to the output layer. Green boxes imaginary separate the layers and visualization of the layers output. The output of geometryestimator layer shows that the area that the rat is at the current time step , area-1 (left arm of the maze identified by red color). d. The 3rd LSTM network topology. In this topology, the movement velocity (red arrow) is extracted directly from spiking activity and passed to the position-estimator layer along with geometry information. https://scispace.com/papers/defending-against-probe-response-attacks-4qjwy2x1i8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-shuffling-spm-mitigation-technique-1xydmskp.png Fig. 7: Comparison of the shuffling (SPM) mitigation technique and sampling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pra-identified-monitors-with-shuffling-spm-and-without-2cm183cz.png Fig. 5: PRA-identified monitors with shuffling (SPM) and without any countermeasure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-shuffling-spm-mitigation-technique-31x6r4ci.png Fig. 6: Comparison of the shuffling (SPM) mitigation technique and hashing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-publicly-available-alert-data-output-in-the-tracing-1dtizllu.png Fig. 1: Publicly available alert data output in the TraCINg CIDS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probe-response-attack-pra-lifecycle-overview-18-a6qxxe2y.png Fig. 2: Probe-Response Attack (PRA) lifecycle overview [18] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-the-shuffling-procedure-in-dshield-data-1lrn1kyp.png Fig. 4: Example of the shuffling procedure in DShield data https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-different-pra-mitigation-techniques-2xzfkhug.png TABLE I: Comparison of different PRA mitigation techniques: ”◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦” indicates the lowest (worst-case) possible value, while ”• • • • •” the highest (best-case) one https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-hashing-the-destination-port-marker-in-the-2dvnws09.png Fig. 3: Example of hashing the destination port marker in the DShield data https://scispace.com/papers/deficiency-of-nrf2-accelerates-the-effector-phase-of-44qp87p855 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-levels-of-inflammatory-mediators-in-front-paw-cii8xnbw.png FIG. 5. Levels of inflammatory mediators in front paw homogenates on day 10. Data represent mean – S.E.M, n = 4–8; ***p< 0.001, **p< 0.01, *p< 0.05 each arthritic group compared with its respective naı̈ve group, ###p < 0.001, #p< 0.05 arthritic Nrf2-/- group with respect to arthritic wild-type group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-course-of-arthritis-a-arthritis-incidence-and-2pwntk0d.png FIG. 1. Time-course of arthritis. (A) arthritis incidence (%) and clinical score (mean – S.E.M) of hind paws (n= 8 animals per group); Nrf2-/- mice (circles), wildtype mice (squares). Pictures of representative hind paws taken at the end of the experiment (day 10). (B) arthritis incidence (%) and clinical score (mean – S.E.M) of front paws (n= 8 animals per group); Nrf2-/- mice (circles), wildtype mice (squares); *p < 0.05 compared to arthritic wild-type mice. Pictures of representative front paws taken at the end of the experiment (day 10). (To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ ars). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-western-blot-analysis-of-ho-1-and-cox-2-protein-a-hind-35kqaccc.png FIG. 6. Western blot analysis of HO-1 and COX-2 protein. (A) Hind paws (knees) homogenates; (B) front paws homogenates. GAPDH was used as a control. Relative expression of HO-1/COX-2 and GAPDH bands was calculated after densitometric analysis of samples. Data represent mean– S.E.M, n= 3; **p< 0.01, *p< 0.05 each arthritic group compared with its respective naı̈ve group, ##p< 0.01, #p< 0.05 arthritic Nrf2-/- with respect to arthritic wild-type group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-histological-analysis-of-frontal-sections-of-ankle-mdvxipsd.png FIG. 2. Histological analysis of frontal sections of ankle joints on day 10. (A) A–H, safranin O and fast greenstained sections; I–P, hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. A, E, I, M, ankle joint of naı̈ve wild-type mouse; B, F, J, N, ankle joint of naı̈ve Nrf2-/- mouse; C, G, K, O, ankle joint of arthritic wildtype mouse; D, H, L, P, ankle joint of arthritic Nrf2-/- mouse. C, cartilage; CA, calcaneous; JS, joint space; S, synovium; T, tibia. Original magnification X40 (A–D). Original magnification X100 (I–L). Original magnification X200 (E–H, M–P). (B) Histological score. Data represent mean– S.E.M. (n = 8 animals per arthritic group and 4 for naı̈ve group); ***p< 0.001, **p< 0.01, *p< 0.05, each arthritic group compared to its respective naı̈ve group. (To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-immunohistochemical-analysis-of-inos-in-joints-on-day-12n60npa.png FIG. 7. Immunohistochemical analysis of iNOS in joints on day 10. (A) Ankle joint sections, (B) front joint sections. A, E, I, joint of naı̈ve wild-type mouse; B, F, J, joint of naı̈ve Nrf2-/- mouse; C, G, K, joint of arthritic wild-type mouse; D, H, L, joint of arthritic Nrf2-/- mouse. C, cartilage; CA, calcaneous; JS, joint space; S, synovium; T, tibia. A–H sections were treated with a specific anti-iNOS antibody whereas I–L sections were treated with rabbit IgG control. Original magnification X100 A (A–D). Original magnification X200 A (E–L), B (A–D, I–L). Original magnification X400 B (E–H). Data represent mean – S.E.M, n= 4–8; **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 each arthritic group compared with its respective naı̈ve group, #p< 0.05 arthritic Nrf2-/- group with respect to arthritic wild-type group. (To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-levels-of-inflammatory-mediators-in-serum-on-day-10-1rvw8h47.png Table 1. Levels of Inflammatory Mediators in Serum on Day 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histological-analysis-of-frontal-sections-of-front-1j8jdisb.png FIG. 3. Histological analysis of frontal sections of front joints on day 10. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. A, E, I, front joint of naı̈ve wild-type mouse; B, F, J, front joint of naı̈ve Nrf2-/- mouse; C, G, K, front joint of arthritic wild-type mouse; D, H, L, front joint of arthritic Nrf2-/- mouse. C, cartilage; JS, joint space; R, radius; S, synovium; U, ulna. The solid arrows indicate areas of cell infiltration. Broken arrows (.) indicate exudate. Original magnification X40 (A–H); original magnification X100 (I–L). (B) Safranin O and fast green-stained sections. A, E, front joint of naı̈ve wild-type mouse; B, F, front joint of naı̈ve Nrf2-/-mouse; C, G, front joint of arthritic wild-type mouse; D, H, front joint of arthritic Nrf2-/- mouse. C, cartilage; JS, joint space. Broken arrow indicates proteoglycan depletion from cartilage matrix (—). Original magnification · 100 (A–D). Original magnification X200 (E–H). (C) Histological score. Data represent mean – S.E.M, n= 4; *p< 0.05 each arthritic group compared with its respective naı̈ve group, #p< 0.05 arthritic Nrf2-/- group with respect to arthritic wild-type group. (To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-immunohistochemical-analysis-of-nitrotyrosine-in-2e0e48is.png FIG. 8. Immunohistochemical analysis of nitrotyrosine in joints on day 10. (A) Ankle joint sections, (B) front joint sections. A, E, I, joint of naı̈ve wild-type mouse; B, F, J, joint of naı̈ve Nrf2-/- mouse; C, G, K, joint of arthritic wild-type mouse; D, H, L, joint of arthritic Nrf2-/-mouse. C, cartilage; CA, calcaneous; JS, joint space; T, tibia. A–H sections were treated with a specific anti-nitrotyrosine antibody whereas I–L were treated with rabbit IgG control. Original magnification X200 (A– D, I–L). Original magnification X400 (E–H). Data represent mean– S.E.M, n= 4–8; **p< 0.01, *p< 0.05 each arthritic group compared with its respective naı̈ve group, #p < 0.05 arthritic Nrf2-/- group with respect to arthritic wild-type group. (To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com/ars). https://scispace.com/papers/defining-conservation-priorities-for-freshwater-fishes-33jzuuc2ar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-native-fish-species-that-were-modeled-with-2pq00r8d.png TABLE 1. Native fish species that were modeled with multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS [Friedman 1991]), as well as species included as point occurrences in the program Zonation v. 2.0 (Moilanen et al. 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-and-conservation-prioritization-of-the-lower-13wveoqg.png FIG. 1. Map and conservation prioritization of the Lower Colorado River Basin. (A) A map of the basin showing major cities, dams, and rivers; and conservation rankings of (B) taxonomic diversity; (C) functional diversity; and (D) phylogenetic diversity. In panels (B)–(D), the highest conservation priorities are indicated with the smallest values (i.e., 0.1–10 is the best 10% of the landscape). Hatched areas represent closed catchments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-congruence-between-the-top-10-of-different-3b02rkxa.png FIG. 4. Congruence (%) between the top 10% of different conservation scenarios with contemporary nonnative species richness (top 20th percentile), multi-parameter threat index (top 20th percentile), protected areas (GAP classification 1); and between future projected changes in temperature (top 20th percentile), precipitation (top 10th and bottom 90th percentile), and impervious surface (top 20th percentile). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-mismatches-between-a-taxonomic-phylogenetic-b-l67cshxl.png FIG. 3. Spatial mismatches between (A) taxonomic–phylogenetic, (B) taxonomic–functional, and (C) functional–phylogenetic conservation scenario priority rankings. Hatched areas represent closed catchments. Abbreviations: tax, taxonomic; phyl, phylogenetic; func, functional. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-congruence-between-the-output-of-different-z7s74iy7.png FIG. 2. Congruence (%) between the output of different conservation scenarios for measures of species diversity along a gradient of increasing cumulative fractions of landscape quality. For example, the best 10% of the landscape for functional and phylogenetic diversity results in 88% congruence between scenarios. https://scispace.com/papers/defining-digital-foley-for-live-performance-3terfg8fl4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-paternoster-machine-28apc3uq.png Figure 3 Paternoster machine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-moloch-machine-1uli1vj1.png Figure 2 Moloch machine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prototype-benemin-used-as-a-controller-for-sound-374qfk96.png Figure 1 Prototype ‘Benemin’ – used as a controller for sound manipulation in Dead by Dawn. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-heart-machine-gz6h2407.png Figure 4 Heart machine. https://scispace.com/papers/defining-the-role-of-minimally-invasive-proctectomy-for-22b5gy5i99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-estimates-of-survival-curve-by-16fge38u.png FIGURE 2. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival curve by operative approach. Intent-to-treat popu lations utilized. Probability of 5-year OS (overall survival) and years for 80th percentile survival reported. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-analysis-of-short-term-outcomes-by-3qushphv.png TABLE 4. Multivariate Analysis of Short-term Outcomes by Operative Approach As-1rc3lcd OR/ RM !:15% C l p ln1en1-10-trea1 https://scispace.com/papers/definition-and-predictability-of-an-olr-based-west-african-g482atmwdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-annual-and-tendencies-composite-evolution-mts0elmu.png Figure 5: Mean annual and tendencies (composite evolution before and after ODs) of selected indexes averaged in the 10°W-10°E window : (a,b), OLR at 10°N, 5°N and equator; (c,d) WAMI and (e,f) Conv(MSE) over central Sahel, central Sudan and central Guinea. Markers are superimposed when a local (5-day) tendency is greater than mean tendency plus 2 standard deviations in June-July. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-evolution-of-correlation-coefficients-between-11g1ooru.png Figure 6: Time evolution of correlation coefficients between OD(olr) and selected indexes averaged in the 10°W-10°E window: a) OLR difference between 10°N and 5°N (dashed line) a d between 5°N and equator (solid); b) WAMI differences between central Sahel and Guinea (dashed line) and Conv(MSE) difference between central Sudan and Guinea (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-april-october-latitudinal-mean-variations-of-olr-2tmwa1q7.png Figure 1: April-October latitudinal mean variations of OLR values in W/m2 averaged over five longitudinal windows: (a) 30°W-20°W, (b) 20°W-10°W, (c) 10°W-10°E, (d) 10°E-20°E, (e) 20°E-30°E windows. Period 1979-2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-selected-april-october-signals-1ipl1xgr.png Figure 2 : Comparison between selected April-October signals in OLR averaged in the 10°W10°E window as a function of latitude: (a) OLR mean, (b) OLR minimum; (c,e) percentages of occurrences with OLR < 240 and < 180 W/m2, respectiv ly; (d,f) percentages of occurrences for convection maximums. The superimposed red curve on the left panels marks the heart of ITCZ using OLR minimums (a) and convection maximums (c,e). Period 1979- 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basic-statistics-for-odolr-and-odpre-in-julian-days-3n73sm13.png Table 1: Basic statistics for ODolr and ODpre in julian days over the period 1979-2004. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dates-of-onset-derived-from-the-3-rainfall-datasets-u712ykni.png Table 2 : Dates of onset derived from the 3 rainfall datasets in julian days: ODcmap, ODgpcp, ODgsod. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cross-validated-hindcasts-of-odolr-using-pentad-p-35apf752.png Table 3: Cross-validated hindcasts of ODolr using pentad (P) values of 4 predictors in May (pentads# 26-30) based on OLR and WAMI meridional gradients (line 1), along with explained variance (R2) and the regression coefficints obtained with standardized series (line 2). The variance inflation factor (VIF) is displayed in line 4 following Chatterjee and Price (1977). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hovmoller-diagrams-averaged-in-the-10degw-10dege-103fbfc6.png Figure 4: Hovmöller diagrams averaged in the 10°W-10°E window for the years 1988, 1995 and 1998: OLR values (left) and maximums of convection (right). The superimposed ‘+’ https://scispace.com/papers/definition-of-design-guidelines-construction-and-performance-4unilb2gl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-picture-of-the-cryogenic-insert-b-three-quarters-iyrxyzsg.png FIG. 5. (a) Picture of the cryogenic insert. (b) Three quarters section of the CAD rendering of the full system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-linear-spectral-density-lsd-of-the-velocity-measured-2l90q5s5.png FIG. 6. (a) Linear spectral density (LSD) of the velocity measured in the Z direction on the island and on the STM table with a seismometer (Guralp CMG-40T). In the same graph, with the scale on the right axis, acoustic noise is reported as LSD of the pressure difference measured with a low-frequency microphone (G.R.A.S. 46AF). (b) LSD of the Z height noise at the tunnel junction measured on (Pb,Bi)2Sr2CuO6+x at setup condition V = 300 mV and I = 150 pA. (c) LSD of the tunneling current at the same tunnel junction as (b), measured out of tunneling as well as in tunneling with the feedback loop closed and open. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cross-section-of-the-3d-cad-rendering-of-the-stm-32o3puls.png FIG. 1. (a) Cross section of the 3D CAD rendering of the STM head, with the main components being pointed out. (b) Top view of the open STM head, where the slider construction and the tip holder can be seen. The picture of the tip holder during the construction phase is shown in detail. The conical Al2O3 holder has been sputtered with gold on the bottom surface to provide a ground shield for the current signal (measured from the tip). In between the latter and the piezotube, a small Al2O3 ring is glued. (c) Picture of the fully assembled STM head. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stm-measurements-on-sr2rho4-a-topograph-in-a-field-of-1yplzbcn.png FIG. 7. STM measurements on Sr2RhO4. (a) Topograph in a field of view of 15 × 15 nm2. Setup condition V = −20 mV, I = 600 pA. The image is not filtered. (b) Atomic corrugation profile along the black line in (a). (c) Example of a single dI/dV spectrum measured during a spectroscopic map. (d) Density of states measured simultaneously to the topograph in panel (a), showing the quasiparticle interference pattern in real space at energy E = −20 meV. (e) Non-symmetrized Fourier transform of the conductance layer at the Fermi level acquired in a spectroscopic map over a 55 × 55 nm2 field of view. One of the Bragg peaks is highlighted in the blue circle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-flow-chart-explaining-the-procedure-applied-to-dqiesfz7.png FIG. 2. (a) Flow chart explaining the procedure applied to several components of the STM head in order to achieve higher resonant frequencies. (b) Mode shapes of the first six mechanical resonances of the piezotube as computed with Comsol, as a legend for panels [(c) and (d)]. The modes are shown as (exaggerated) displacements with colors from red (max displacement) to blue (no displacement). (c) Variation of eigenfrequencies of the piezotube’s modes with respect to the piezotube height, with base diameter fixed. (d) Variation of eigenfrequencies of the piezotube’s modes with respect to the wall thickness (with fixed outer diameter D = 3.68 mm). The dashed boxes indicate the eigenfrequencies for the final chosen dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-transfer-functions-vout-v-in-of-the-coarse-27hv2oku.png FIG. 4. Measured transfer functions Vout/V in of the coarse approach system and of the piezotube. (a) Transfer function of the shear piezo stack coarse approach mechanism. A scheme of the electronic circuit is shown at the bottom right corner, where R = 11Ω. In the inset, a zoom of the area shaded in gray is shown. (b) Transfer function of the piezotube vertical excitation. In the inset, a zoom of the gray area is shown. (c) Transfer function of the piezotube bending excitation. In the insets, zooms of the gray areas are shown (note the different scales). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-main-vibrational-modes-of-the-stm-head-as-calculated-10si9k0x.png FIG. 3. Main vibrational modes of the STM head, as calculated with Comsol, with the base of the STM fixed. All the modes shown are calculated for the full design, but to ease visualization, the modes that belong to the scanner assembly (s1–s5) are shown separately. See the main text, Sec. II B, for a description of the modes. https://scispace.com/papers/deformation-based-design-of-aluminium-alloy-beams-5az1l5l5lj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-comparisons-between-four-point-bending-1t20iyxk.png Table 5. Summary of comparisons between four-point bending test results and design strengths https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-between-experimental-and-numerical-1jyyol5f.png Table 6. Comparison between experimental and numerical results https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-comparisons-between-all-experimental-and-2v6vzq5f.png Table 7. Summary of comparisons between all experimental and numerical results with design strengths https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measured-three-point-bending-specimen-dimensions-and-bh7tkm5s.png Table 1. Measured three-point bending specimen dimensions and material properties from tensile coupon tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-illustration-of-four-point-bending-test-26g13idg.png Figure 5. Schematic illustration of four-point bending test configuration (dimensions in mm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-setup-for-four-point-bending-tests-3mwop4lt.png Figure 6. Experimental setup for four-point bending tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-moment-end-rotation-curves-from-three-point-bending-k2duvksj.png Figure 4. Moment–end rotation curves from three-point bending tests on (a) normal strength 6063-T5 aluminium alloy beams and (b) high strength 6061-T6 aluminium alloy beams https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measured-four-point-bending-specimen-dimensions-and-3ipn1z46.png Table 2. Measured four-point bending specimen dimensions and material properties from tensile coupon tests https://scispace.com/papers/degradation-of-thermo-hygro-mechanically-thm-densified-wood-132u64mr6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-tangential-longitudinal-section-tls-of-th-treated-32onbyzq.png Figure 3 (a) Tangential longitudinal section (TLS) of TH-treated beech wood at 1608C. Note reddish staining of fibre tracheids and multiseriate xylem ray parenchyma (arrows) with safranin Astra blue due to combustion of polysaccharides. (b) Transverse section (TS) of TH-treated beech wood showing cavities (arrows) within secondary walls of fibre tracheids. (c) TS of untreated Norway spruce wood showing cavities (arrows) within the secondary walls of tracheids. (d) TLS of untreated Norway spruce showing bore holes (pointers) and lenticular cavities (arrows) with conical ends that follow the orientation of microfibrils in secondary walls of tracheids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dry-weight-losses-of-norway-spruce-wood-specimens-xp6ur1n5.png Figure 2 Dry weight losses of Norway spruce wood specimens in untreated controls, TH-treated wood (160 and 1808C), densified wood without thermal treatment, THM-densified wood (140, 160, 1808C and 1808C/80% RH) and CC (1.6 and 0.4%) impregnated wood incubated for 8, 16, 24 and 32 weeks. Bars show standard deviation (ns6). Columns marked with an asterisk show a significant difference in comparison to untreated control (P-0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dry-weight-losses-of-beech-wood-specimens-in-x20zyy99.png Figure 1 Dry weight losses of beech wood specimens in untreated controls, TH-treated wood (160 and 1808C), densified wood without thermal treatment, THM-densified wood (140, 160, 1808C and 1808C/80% RH) and CC (1.6 and 0.4%) impregnated wood incubated for 8, 16, 24 and 32 weeks. Bars show standard deviation (ns6). Columns marked with an asterisk show a significant difference in comparison to untreated control (P-0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-ts-of-th-treated-norway-spruce-wood-showing-soft-1p7lhtqg.png Figure 4 (a) TS of TH-treated Norway spruce wood showing soft-rot type 2 attack in secondary walls of tracheids. Note: formation of hyphal sheaths and cell wall erosion troughs (arrows). (b) TS of THM-treated beech wood post-treated at 1608C showing soft-rot attack within a multiseriate xylem ray. Note: complete degradation of the secondary walls (arrows) in xylem ray parenchyma. (c) TLS showing THM-treated spruce wood post-treated at 1808C showing non-occluded xylem ray parenchyma cells. Note: cavity formation (arrows) in the secondary walls of xylem ray parenchyma. (d) TS of THM-treated spruce wood post-treated at 1808C showing cavities within the secondary walls of tracheids (arrows). https://scispace.com/papers/degradation-of-widespread-pharmaceuticals-by-activated-2ei5no7jmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-original-grayscale-image-b-aggregates-binary-image-c-2pbxycof.png Fig. 1. (a) original grayscale image, (b) aggregates binary image, (c) filaments binary image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rate-kinetic-parameters-of-pseudo-first-and-pseudo-vd7mn05u.png Table 4 Rate kinetic parameters of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models for the removal of paracetamol at different initial concentrations, onto activated sludge biomass. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pseudo-first-order-and-pseudo-second-order-kinetics-3htqxego.png Fig. 3. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetics plots for removal of a) IBU and b) PARA by activated sludge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rate-kinetic-parameters-of-pseudo-first-and-pseudo-3dsm7esq.png Table 3 Rate kinetic parameters of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models for the removal of ibuprofen at different initial concentrations, onto activated sludge biomass. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-removal-percentage-and-qe-mg-g-1-2ddmjual.png Table 1 Values of removal percentage (%) and qe (mg g-1) calculated for different initial concentration of IBU and PARA using a reactor inoculated with activated sludge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-removal-percentage-and-qe-mg-g-1-using-2t2lghbe.png Table 2 Values of removal percentage (%) and qe (mg g-1) using ceramic material and Pinus bark adsorbents, for an initial concentration of 1mg L-1 of IBU and PARA pharmaceuticals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ratio-between-residual-and-initial-pharmaceutical-mev4daac.png Fig. 2. Ratio between residual and initial pharmaceutical concentration (C/C0) as a function of contact time, for the initial concentrations of 0.4 and 1mg L-1 (Data not shown for t0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-area-of-small-and-intermediate-aggregates-for-the-2d5o1f5p.png Fig. 4. Area of small and intermediate aggregates for the experiment with PARA (a, c) and with IBU (b, d). Experimental data were normalized by the control results. https://scispace.com/papers/degradation-studies-of-fermilab-low-beta-quadrupole-cable-9c46n5qqpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-cable-degradation-plotted-against-strand-sbibdwgl.png Figure 3. Average cable degradation plotted against strand diameter for a few cable designs currently in use. The empirical relationship between strand diameter and degradation pointed to strand tension as a possible contributor to the degradation of Low Beta Quad cable. The degradation of 7.2% for the Low Beta cable is taken from samples after the first mid-thickness change was made and prior to a reduction in strand tension. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strand-specjfications-1kn04crf.png Table 1 Strand Specjfications https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cable-specifications-3ckch1fc.png Table 2. Cable Specifications https://scispace.com/papers/delay-performance-of-csma-in-networks-with-bounded-degree-32d5dl9zf7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conflict-graphs-of-the-two-network-topologies-3platq7b.png Fig. 1. Conflict graphs of the two network topologies https://scispace.com/papers/delay-reduction-in-multi-hop-device-to-device-communication-4cjck4m6v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-decoding-delay-versus-number-of-devices-m-for-a-3kk9p5wt.png Fig. 3. Mean decoding delay versus number of devices M for a network composed of N = 30 packets, a connecitvity index C = 0.1 an erasure probability P = 0.1, and Q = 0.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-decoding-delay-versus-the-connectivity-index-c-1rd1xv32.png Fig. 2. Mean decoding delay versus the connectivity index C for a network composed of M = 60 devices, N = 30 packets, an erasure probability P = 0.1, and Q = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mean-decoding-delay-versus-erasure-probability-p-for-a-2xcmq0ir.png Fig. 8. Mean decoding delay versus erasure probability P for a network composed of M = 60 devices, N = 30 packets, a connecitvity index C = 0.4 an erasure probability Q = 2P . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-network-composed-of-7-devices-and-3-packets-the-3n2mumtz.png Fig. 1. Network composed of 7 devices and 3 packets. The feedback matrix represents the distribution of lost (1) and received packets (0) at each device. The erasure probabilities between devices is presented on the edges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-decoding-delay-versus-number-of-devices-m-for-a-lpfjcb7t.png Fig. 4. Mean decoding delay versus number of devices M for a network composed of N = 30 packets, a connecitvity index C = 0.4 an erasure probability P = 0.1, and Q = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-decoding-delay-versus-number-of-packets-n-for-a-1lj2nmf6.png Fig. 5. Mean decoding delay versus number of packets N for a network composed of M = 60 devices, a connecitvity index C = 0.1 an erasure probability P = 0.1, and Q = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-decoding-delay-versus-number-of-packets-n-for-a-32j22n0b.png Fig. 6. Mean decoding delay versus number of packets N for a network composed of M = 60 devices, a connecitvity index C = 0.4 an erasure probability P = 0.1, and Q = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mean-decoding-delay-versus-erasure-probability-p-for-a-1rbdo1c3.png Fig. 7. Mean decoding delay versus erasure probability P for a network composed of M = 60 devices, N = 30 packets, a connecitvity index C = 0.1 an erasure probability Q = 2P . https://scispace.com/papers/delay-tolerant-network-assisted-flying-ad-hoc-network-35zs07y85l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-used-standard-simulation-parameters-1j6dj93w.png Table 1. Used standard simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-delivery-probability-vs-buffer-size-and-b-latency-12bi4wlv.png Fig 13. (a) Delivery Probability vs. Buffer size and (b) Latency vs. Buffer Size for the four Routing strategies under study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-node-speed-vs-delivery-probability-spray-and-wait-qyl18xse.png Fig 4. Node speed vs. Delivery Probability: Spray and Wait routing for proposed Random Walk, Random Waypoint, and Shortest path Map based movement models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-node-speed-vs-delivery-probability-prophet-routing-for-2geiihbl.png Fig 3.Node speed vs. Delivery Probability: Prophet routing for proposed Random Walk, Random Waypoint, and Shortest path Map based movement models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-used-simulation-specific-parameters-for-routing-3mpbm7qy.png Table 2. Used simulation specific parameters for routing protocol https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-used-simulation-parameter-settings-for-energy-1a5qe6l3.png Table 3: Used Simulation Parameter Settings for Energy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-node-speed-vs-delivery-probability-maxprop-routing-for-35714o9f.png Fig 5. Node speed vs. Delivery Probability: MaxProp routing for proposed Random Walk, Random Waypoint, and Shortest path Map based movement models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-node-density-vs-delivery-probability-epidemic-routing-12i2rlbp.png Fig 6. Node density vs. delivery probability: Epidemic routing for proposed Random Walk, Random Waypoint, and Shortest path Map based movement models. https://scispace.com/papers/delivery-of-splice-switching-oligonucleotides-by-amphiphilic-5effvyxa7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-characterization-of-cellular-association-of-sso-2yajwste.png Figure 7. Characterization of cellular association of SSO/polymer complexes by flow cytometry. Complexes containing Cy5 labeled SSO (Cy5-SSO705) were incubated for 4 and 24 h with HeLa/Luc705 cells at a final SSO concentration of 0.3 μM. Highlighted area corresponds to populations of cells with high relative fluorescence (FL) (above free SSO), which can be attributed to the release of SSO from vesicles and dissociation from polymer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-live-cell-imaging-by-confocal-laser-scanning-3j71rzhj.png Figure 8. Live cell imaging by confocal laser scanning microscopy. TMC-SA/Cy5-SSO complexes (represented in red) at N/P 80 and 70 kDa Rhodamine-Dextran (represented in green) were coincubated with HeLa/Luc705 cells for 24 h. After extensive washing with PBS, OPTIMem (no phenol red) was added to the wells and cells were imaged. The two orthogonal view images (top) of the same cell represent different xyz coordinates (dashed lines indicate the xy, xz, yz planes of view). Arrows point to examples of colocalization of dextran and Cy5-SSO (identified by appearance of yellow color). Arrowhead points to a region of accumulation of TMC-SA/Cy5-SSO complexes at the cell membrane. The lower image represents a maximum intensity z-projection of 15 slices, giving an overview of the vesicle spread throughout the cell and the aggregation of Cy5-SSO polyplexes at the periphery of the cell. Colocalization spots, in yellow, are present in high amounts, as observed in the z-projection and confirmed through the orthogonal view analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1h-nmr-spectra-of-unmodified-tmc-a-and-tmc-sa-b-400-bmb0e6py.png Figure 1. 1H NMR spectra of unmodified TMC (A) and TMC-SA (B) (400 MHz, D2O:MeOD, DCl). As spectra were recorded in (D2O:MeOD:DCl), the MeOH-d4 quintuplet (3.25 ppm) overlaps the N(CH3)3 peak (3.24 ppm). The peaks corresponding to the grafted stearyl units, the N-acetyl group peak, and the trimethyl group from TMC are indicated. The integrations of signals corresponding to the methyl group from stearic acid (−CH3, δ = 0.8–0.9 ppm) and the acetyl groups (NAc, δ = 2.0–2.1 ppm) from TMC were used to calculate the degree of substitution (DS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gel-retention-assay-polymer-sso-complexes-and-free-mao0ij7d.png Figure 2. Gel retention assay. Polymer–SSO complexes and free SSO (control) were loaded in a 4–20% (w/v) TBE– polyacrylamide gel, and electrophoresis was run at 140 V. Brackets for the TMC PAGE (top gel) indicate a region of smear bands denoting delayed release of SSO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-splice-correction-activity-in-hela-luc705-by-m2f9wm20.png Figure 4. Splice correction activity in HeLa/Luc705 by transfection of SSO mediated by TMC-based polyplexes. Results are expressed as fold increase in luciferase activity over untreated cells. (A) Cells were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h with SSO–polymer complexes at different N/P ratios, and at a fixed SSO concentration of 0.3 μM. Complexes were then washed out and cells continued in incubation for an additional 24 h before proceeding to lysis and luciferase activity determination. Additionally, as a further control, cells were incubated for 48 h with free SSO705 (without transfection reagents) at 1 μM. Two-way ANOVA with A Bonferroni post-test was used for statistical analysis: *** P < 0.001, ** P < 0.01; (n = 3, ± SD). (B) RT-PCR. Cells were incubated with SSO–polymer complexes at different SSO final concentrations, for 48 h. Total cellular RNA was isolated and subjected to RT– PCR. The upper band (268bp) and lower band (142bp) correspond to the aberrant and correct luciferase mRNA. Each lane under the corresponding concentration represents one independent experiment. (C) Cells were incubated for different periods of time with TMCSA/SSO complexes with the most effective N/P ratio of 80, after which they were immediately analyzed for luciferase expression. Cell confluency at the day of transfection was around 50% for all time points tested in order to allow incubation up to the 72 h time point while maintaining equal conditions at start of transfection between the time points. (D) Cytotoxicity assay as evaluated by metabolic activity determination through the resazurin assay. TMC-SA/SSO complexes were incubated with HeLa/Luc705 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-characterization-of-polymer-sso-complexes-by-zd6ykdug.png Figure 3. Characterization of polymer–SSO complexes by dynamic light scattering (size and PdI) at different N/P ratios (n = 3, average ± SD). Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test was used for statistical analysis: *** P < 0.001, ** P < 0.01; (n = 3, ± SD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cells-were-incubated-with-tmc-sa-sso-complexes-at-n-1p9n759k.png Figure 9. Cells were incubated with TMC-SA/SSO complexes at N/P ratio 80 for 24 h, after which chloroquine (CQ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stability-of-sso-polymer-complexes-in-different-8th2y8af.png Figure 5. Stability of SSO/polymer complexes in different media. (A) TMC/SSO; (B) TMC-SA/SSO. Complexes were formed at N/P ratio 80, diluted 3-fold in either complexation buffer, PBS (final 1x PBS) or DMEM with 10% serum, and incubated for 1 h at 37 °C. Average size was then determined by DLS. Profile of DMEM with serum and no nanoparticles (Blank (no NP)) was taken in order to distinguish protein-related aggregates. https://scispace.com/papers/delinquent-behavior-and-emerging-substance-use-in-the-mta-at-3hpjbiifco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentages-of-mta-and-lncg-children-with-moderate-w3hyidbf.png TABLE 2 Percentages of MTA and LNCG Children With Moderate to Serious Delinquency and Substance Use, Separately by Sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentages-of-mta-and-lncg-children-at-each-level-1d67btud.png TABLE 1 Percentages of MTA and LNCG Children at Each Level of Delinquency Severity at Each Assessment and Percentages With Moderate to Serious Delinquency https://scispace.com/papers/delineating-social-network-data-anonymization-via-random-1xnucd4vxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-converting-a-pattern-in-go-to-another-1dbmvlkl.png Figure 2: Converting a pattern in Go to another. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evaluation-of-probabilistic-attack-1937ppm4.png Figure 4: Evaluation of probabilistic attack. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probability-that-k-path-in-ga-is-preserved-we-face-a-1qq16wq8.png Table 1: Probability that k-path in GA is preserved. We face a few challenges in demonstrating the feasibility of the attack: first, the prediction of degree ranges should be correct with https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-classification-of-nodes-under-perturbation-28tk99fx.png Figure 6: Classification of nodes under perturbation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pr-dp-i-with-n-10-000-and-do-50-15797efz.png Table 2: Pr(dp ∈ I) with N = 10, 000 and do = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-of-affected-victims-kxwr2wok.png Table 4: Percentage of affected victims https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evaluation-of-utility-preservation-3dgw9x5c.png Figure 5: Evaluation of utility preservation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-m-2r67xgjp.png Table 5: Effect of m. https://scispace.com/papers/demand-forecasting-at-low-aggregation-levels-using-factored-1vrn4uvlsi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-general-architecture-of-fcrbm-where-v-t-is-the-39lj4p56.png Figure 1. The general architecture of FCRBM, where v<t is the conditional history layer (input), h is the hidden layer, y is the style layer and v is the visible layer (output). Where G# denotes binary neurons, # represent the real values and the others are Gaussian value. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-meteorological-and-price-data-m68hey9j.png TABLE I. SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL AND PRICE DATA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electrical-demand-profile-at-low-aggregation-level-2ogbe1mi.png Figure 2. Electrical demand profile at low aggregation level between 1 January 2014 until 25 June 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-prediction-error-of-the-aggregated-demand-with-25nj69ke.png Figure 4. The prediction error of the aggregated demand with mean (straight line) and standard deviation (shaded area) for 6 hours, using FCRBM, SVM and persistence methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-the-experiments-4myk8kes.png TABLE II. SUMMARY OF THE EXPERIMENTS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-general-architecture-of-a-gaussian-restricted-1k2n7asj.png Figure 3. General architecture of a Gaussian restricted Boltzmann machine (GRBM) as input to the FCRBM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-improved-accuracy-of-the-aggregated-electrical-3izohyk5.png TABLE V. IMPROVED ACCURACY OF THE AGGREGATED ELECTRICAL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-of-true-predicted-aggregated-electricity-za53ricz.png Figure 5. An example of true predicted aggregated electricity demand for six hours ahead, with five minutes resolution, using FCRBM, SVM and persistence methods. https://scispace.com/papers/demographic-and-evolutionary-impacts-of-native-and-invasive-3oaoaxgdaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-patterns-of-size-dependent-plant-demography-a-changes-1x7vdmge.png FIG. 2. Patterns of size-dependent plant demography: (a) changes in size (natural log scale; diameter originally measured in millimeters) from one year to the next, (b) the probability of survival, (c) the probability of flowering, and (d) seed production. Note that for panels (b) and (c) we divided the data into 20 equal-sized categories and calculated the probability and mean size for each category; the analysis, however, was performed on the binary data. Parameter values for the fitted functions are given in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-negative-binomial-glm-model-for-the-mean-number-of-3crgz85q.png TABLE 1. Negative binomial GLM model for the mean number of Rhinocyllus eggs per plant, e, in relation to plant root crown diameter, x (natural-log-transformed). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relationship-between-seedling-recruitment-in-year-1g03nexq.png FIG. 4. The relationship between seedling recruitment in year t 1 1 and estimated seed production in year t. The line is from the fitted negative binomial model (Eq. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-box-plot-of-the-number-of-rhinocyllus-eggs-laid-per-14x5pdnn.png FIG. 3. Box plot of the number of Rhinocyllus eggs laid per plant (a) for different years of the study and (b) in relation to plant size (diameter measured in millimeters); open circles come from years after 1993. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-predicted-ess-evolutionarily-stable-strategy-g158pq93.png FIG. 8. (a) Predicted ESS (evolutionarily stable strategy) flowering size for the different scenarios, 1990–2000; the symbols refer to different kernels; open circles, plant-only; solid squares, native-insects-only; solid circles, average-size-related Rhinocyllus oviposition; and solid triangles, aggregated (negative binomial) Rhinocyllus oviposition. The horizontal line is the mean size at flowering; the shaded area indicates the 95% confidence interval. The plant-only and native-insect-only kernels give the same ES prediction because native insect attack is not size dependent. (b) Patterns of selection, measured as 2]l/]b0, for the average-size-related Rhinocyllus oviposition (solid circles) and aggregated (negative binomial) Rhinocyllus oviposition (open circles) kernels, 1990–2000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-observed-bars-and-predicted-line-stable-size-162rax96.png FIG. 7. Observed (bars) and predicted (line) stable size distributions (natural-log-transformed; diameter measured in millimeters) from the native-insects-only kernel for: (a) all plants and (b) only flowering plants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-estimates-for-the-statistical-models-u82zdt5s.png TABLE 2. Parameter estimates for the statistical models describing the demography of Platte thistle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-finite-rate-of-increase-l-and-equilibrium-gzc6h0j3.png FIG. 5. Predicted finite rate of increase (l) and equilibrium population size for Platte thistle in each year of the study, 1990–2002. The symbols refer to different kernels: open circles, plant-only; solid squares, native-insects-only; solid diamonds, average-size-related Rhinocyllus oviposition; and solid triangles, aggregated (negative binomial) Rhinocyllus oviposition. https://scispace.com/papers/demo-abstract-human-coap-interaction-with-copper-3lc6ajv1z1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-internet-of-things-browser-copper-implemented-as-1gm6x0f5.png Fig. 1. Internet of Things browser ‘Copper’ implemented as Firefox extension https://scispace.com/papers/democracy-governance-and-economic-performance-east-and-ukpihcqfri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-4-south-korea-s-economic-performance-1987-1995-1w8mnyrq.png Table 6.4 South Korea's economic performance, 1987±1995 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2-umno-membership-breakdown-by-state-1997-2omtsvk5.png Table 9.2 UMNO membership breakdown by state, 1997 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1-malaysian-federal-parliament-election-results-1955-l0ydbghu.png Table 9.1 Malaysian Federal Parliament election results, 1955±19951 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-growth-of-south-korean-gdp-and-merchandise-trade-sepzwp51.png Table 6.1 Growth of South Korean GDP and merchandise trade, compared with middle-income oil-importing economies, 1960±1970 and 1970±1980 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-numbers-of-medium-and-small-enterprises-in-taiwan-1ee2qp65.png Table 5.2 Numbers of medium and small enterprises in Taiwan and their percentage of all enterprises, 1982±1994 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-1-political-parties-and-economic-governance-in-26abzxer.png Figure 13.1 Political parties and economic governance in East and Southeast Asia https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-basic-indicators-of-party-institutionalization-in-349uuc9p.png Table 7.1 Basic indicators of party institutionalization in the Philippines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-cont-20yhfn4o.png Figure 3.4 (cont.) https://scispace.com/papers/demonstration-and-application-of-37-5-gb-s-duobinary-pam3-in-9ds6pkjexq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ber-measurements-of-a-20-gbaud-db-pam3-and-db-pam4-b-1nvds3ed.png Fig. 2: BER measurements of a) 20 GBaud DB-PAM3 and DB-PAM4, b) 25 GBaud DB-PAM3 and DB-PAM4, c) 10 GBaud PAM4 and PAM8. Figures also show 10 Gb/s OOK and 25 Gb/s DB-OOK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-experimental-setup-bottom-eye-diagrams-as-1lyuclwl.png Fig. 1: Top: Experimental setup. Bottom: Eye diagrams as generated by upsampling of the filtered data after the receiver in offline processing. https://scispace.com/papers/demonstration-of-differences-in-colonic-volumes-transit-1hzhgej82m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlations-of-relaxometry-with-fecal-water-16k7als8.png Figure 6: Correlations of relaxometry with fecal water content and stool frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-events-during-each-treatment-period-3f0cc4no.png Figure 1: Schematic of events during each treatment period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changes-in-mri-relaxometry-parameters-3sg19sly.png Figure 4: changes in MRI relaxometry parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-ascending-colon-content-in-response-to-5-3reuqeug.png Figure 3: Changes in ascending colon content in response to 5 days psyllium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-mri-parameters-of-volume-and-transit-1al6p834.png Figure 2: Changes in MRI parameters of volume and transit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-changes-in-stool-frequency-and-form-1005zd4n.png Figure 5: changes in stool frequency and form https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-measured-on-fasting-mri-after-5-days-29zmjo4s.png Table 1: Variables measured on fasting MRI after 5 days treatment 669 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-area-under-the-curve-of-variables-measured-on-34pkoi4h.png Table 2: Area Under the Curve of variables measured on postprandial MRI scans during day 6 of treatment 671 https://scispace.com/papers/dempster-shafer-evidence-combining-for-anti-honeypot-3597eb3rwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-bba-values-for-evidences-used-in-example-1-1dl8j0cv.png TABLE I BBA VALUES FOR EVIDENCES USED IN EXAMPLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-belief-evaluation-of-being-honeypot-for-normal-machine-t549d8g2.png Fig. 1. Belief Evaluation Of Being Honeypot For Normal Machine Compared With High Interaction and Low Interaction Honeypots https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-ranges-of-bba-for-different-evidences-used-in-1oba7wbj.png TABLE IV RANGES OF BBA FOR DIFFERENT EVIDENCES USED IN SIMULATION 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-specifications-of-machines-lndjeuig.png TABLE II SPECIFICATIONS OF MACHINES https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ranges-of-bba-for-different-evidences-used-in-22gbo68a.png TABLE III RANGES OF BBA FOR DIFFERENT EVIDENCES USED IN SIMULATION 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-values-of-bba-for-each-step-in-multi-steps-test-3npyaxlb.png TABLE V THE VALUES OF BBA FOR EACH STEP IN MULTI-STEPS TEST https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-using-multi-step-test-to-determine-the-true-nature-of-19lxt2zz.png Fig. 3. Using multi-step test to determine the true nature of three machine types: normal, low interaction honeypots and high interaction honeypots https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-different-supporting-evidences-values-in-1vtjn7ml.png Fig. 2. The Effect Of Different Supporting Evidences Values In Detecting Three Normal Machines https://scispace.com/papers/demonstration-of-vernier-effect-tuning-in-tunable-twin-guide-24c6hnqgnf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-typical-optical-emission-spectrum-3pzdwm6l.png Fig. 9 Typical optical emission spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-finished-ssg-ttg-laser-chip-dashed-white-2wefj13g.png Fig. 3 SEM images of finished SSG-TTG laser chip Dashed white lines in lower image indicate position of InP p-n homojunctions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-behaviour-of-emission-wavelength-and-smsr-along-14xxpcuv.png Fig. 8 Behaviour of emission wavelength and SMSR along exemplary tuning curve indicated in Figs. 5 and 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-smsr-and-tuning-currents-it1-a-and-it2-against-1bkkkdn8.png Fig. 10 SMSR ( ) and tuning currents It1(A) and It2(+) against emission wavelength https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-ssg-ttg-laser-diode-a-214gew7d.png Fig. 1 Schematic drawing of SSG-TTG laser diode a Longitudinal cross-section b Transverse=lateral cross-section https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-reflection-spectra-and-cavity-modes-of-ssg-3mg6e6j5.png Fig. 2 Calculated reflection spectra and cavity modes of SSG-TTG laser diode a Reflection spectrum of tuning section 2 b Reflection spectrum of tuning section 1 c Product of both reflection spectra d Cavity modes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-l-i-and-v-i-characteristics-3gdzzwf1.png Fig. 4 L-I and V-I characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tuning-behaviour-of-emission-wavelength-the-various-v4f0feam.png Fig. 5 Tuning behaviour of emission wavelength The various supermodes can be most easily recognised by identifying the regions of high SMSR in Fig. 6. The dashed line indicates the tuning curve shown in Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/papers/dense-and-accurate-whole-chromosome-haplotyping-of-1w56nt5bzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phasing-efficacy-of-read-based-and-experimental-xvvh1whq.png Fig. 1 Phasing efficacy of read-based and experimental phasing approaches using chromosome 1 as an example. a Two homologous chromosomes are shown (blue and black). Experimental phasing approaches like Strand-seq can connect heterozygous alleles along whole chromosomes, however, at higher costs (time and labor) and lower density of captured alleles. In contrast, read-based phasing can deliver high-density haplotypes, but only short haplotype segments are assembled with an unknown phase between them. b Barplot showing the percentage of phased variants, for each sequencing technology, from the total number of reference SNVs (Illumina platinum haplotypes). c Graphical summary of phased haplotype segments for Illumina, PacBio, 10X Genomics, and Strand-seq phasing shown for chromosome 1. Each haplotype segment is colored in a different color with the longest haplotype colored in red. Side bar graph reports the percentage of SNVs phased in the longest haplotype segment. d Accuracy of each independent phasing approach measured as the percentage of switch errors in comparison to benchmark haplotypes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-integration-of-global-and-local-haplotypes-by-the-1fvv7kvo.png Fig. 2 Integration of global and local haplotypes by the WhatsHap algorithm. An example solution of the weighted minimal error correction problem (wMEC) using WhatsHap algorithm is shown. For simplicity base qualities used as weights are omitted from the picture (for details on wMEC see https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-recommended-settings-to-phase-certain-amounts-of-kj3l33gk.png Fig. 4 Recommended settings to phase certain amounts of individuals. a Genome-wide phasing of NA12878 using combination of 40 Strand-seq libraries with 30× short Illumina reads, 10 Strand-seq libraries with 10-fold long PacBio reads, or 10 Strand-seq libraries with 10X Genomics data. Plots show quality measures such as percentage of phased SNV pairs, switch error rate, and Hamming error rate for phased autosomal chromosomes. b A diagram providing the recommendations for the required number of Strand-seq libraries to be combined with recommended minimum of 10-fold PacBio and 30× Illumina coverage in order to reach global and accurate haplotypes for a depicted number of individual diploid genomes https://scispace.com/papers/dense-water-formation-in-the-coastal-northeastern-adriatic-43e2v7qf97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-residual-currents-and-ellipses-of-standard-g3c2ipui.png Figure 7. Mean residual currents and ellipses of standard deviations measured (red) and modelled (blue) at A1 to A9 stations between 1 February and 1 April 2015. Orientation of channel bathymetries in which stations have been moored is indicated by the red line in the left lower corner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-salinity-and-pda-values-measured-at-the-ch61gdcf.png Figure 3. Temperature, salinity and PDA values measured at the Kvarnerić Channel transect during (a) the leg 1 cruise between 3 and 6 December 2014 and (c) the leg 2 cruise between 26 and 29 May 2015, together with model-to-observation difference (bias) in temperature and salinity estimated for the (b) leg 1 and (d) leg 2 cruises. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-vertical-profiles-of-the-model-to-observation-bias-13cqloif.png Figure 8. Vertical profiles of the model-to-observation bias (thick vertical lines) and the root-mean-square error (horizontal lines) averaged over 1 m vertical bins over all CTD stations (1–19) during the leg 1 (winter, blue) and leg 2 (spring, red) cruises. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-daily-integral-values-of-surface-buoyancy-fluxes-3gticl5h.png Figure 12. Daily integral values of surface buoyancy fluxes (BFs) and its components averaged over the nested model domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-modelled-heat-and-salinity-fluxes-normal-to-3mk1ve8u.png Figure 13. Modelled heat and salinity fluxes normal to transects T1 to T789 and averaged between 15 December 2014 and 15 May 2015. Positive fluxes are oriented northeastward over the T2, T3, T4 and T789 transects and northwestwards over the T1, T5 and T6 transects. Green areas denote the bathymetry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-temperature-b-salinity-and-c-pda-series-measured-16wz5ehx.png Figure 4. (a) Temperature, (b) salinity and (c) PDA series measured at the bottom of stations A4, A7, A8 and A9. The series are filtered using a low-pass Kaiser–Bessel filter with a cut-off period at 33 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-position-and-bathymetry-of-the-coastal-2wf3oglv.png Figure 1. Geographical position and bathymetry of the coastal northeastern Adriatic, with indicated measurements conducted through the NAdEx 2015 experiment: stations A1 to A9 (black circles) where ADCP/SBE911 were moored at the bottom, stations 1 to 19 (black diamonds) where CTD probe profiling, ARVOR-C profiling (orange stars), and glider profiling have been executed (yellow stars). Locations G1 and G2 (red stars) have been used for computation of temporal changes in heat losses, buoyancy changes and thermohaline properties from the modelling system, while the definition of the bora episode has been based on ALADIN/HR wind modelled at the G1 location. Transects T1 to T6 and T789 are marked by red lines on which the fluxes and transports have been estimated; the transect labels are associated with the equivalent A station labels. Nested ROMS domain boundary is indicated by the dashed white line. Inset numbers 1, 2 and 3 denote the areas where dense-water formation is documented in the Adriatic Sea, while PS and SAP stand for Palagruža Sill and South Adriatic Pit, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-as-in-fig-14-but-for-dense-water-mass-transports-19eiw9lv.png Figure 16. As in Fig. 14, but for dense-water mass transports. https://scispace.com/papers/density-based-anycast-a-robust-routing-strategy-for-wireless-3dh1luf5kv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-sample-values-ofo-n-is-the-number-of-anycast-group-ktk8z4xe.png TABLE II SAMPLE VALUES OFǫ. N IS THE NUMBER OF ANYCAST GROUP MEMBERS ANDD IS THE NETWORK DIAMETER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-ofk-on-the-steepest-gradient-for-varying-group-noah995x.png Fig. 5. Effect ofk on the steepest gradient for varying group sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sample-values-ofu-n-is-the-number-of-anycast-group-1td1rbmi.png TABLE I SAMPLE VALUES OFµ. N IS THE NUMBER OF ANYCAST GROUP MEMBERS ANDD IS THE NETWORK DIAMETER. https://scispace.com/papers/densitometric-evaluation-of-bone-remodelling-around-oc0xw15vhc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-patients-matched-for-sex-2vxdswld.png Table 2 Results for patients matched for sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-patients-matched-for-bmi-7ywvxiyy.png Table 4 Results for patients matched for BMI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-regions-of-interest-roi-automatically-detected-by-1fxjg3ym.png Fig. 2 Regions of Interest (ROI) automatically detected by software https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-for-patients-matched-for-age-2knbj5a4.png Table 5 Results for patients matched for age https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trabecular-metal-primary-stem-with-porous-tantalum-hc18a63n.png Fig. 1 Trabecular Metal Primary stem with porous tantalum proximal coating https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-patients-matched-for-bmd-of-lumbar-spine-3d4dz0mg.png Table 3 Results for patients matched for BMD of lumbar spine and contralateral femur https://scispace.com/papers/densities-of-short-uniform-random-walks-in-higher-dimensions-1p1sqt0c8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-p5-n-x-for-n-0-1-2-1-7-2-294w1krx.png Figure 4: p5(ν;x) for ν = 0, 1 2 , 1, . . . , 7 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-w3-n-s-on-9-2-for-n-0-1-2-3k7opbqi.png Figure 3: W3(ν; s) on [−9, 2] for ν = 0, 1, 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-p4-n-x-for-n-0-1-2-1-7-2-1gf79prh.png Figure 2: p4(ν;x) for ν = 0, 1 2 , 1, . . . , 7 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-p3-n-x-for-n-0-1-2-1-7-2-1wk1gaok.png Figure 1: p3(ν;x) for ν = 0, 1 2 , 1, . . . , 7 2 https://scispace.com/papers/density-dependence-of-the-symmetry-free-energy-of-hot-nuclei-1ydfocg9hd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-correlation-of-the-symmetry-coefficients-11aeeykl.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Correlation of the symmetry coefficients with density for the system 110Sn. The calculations refer to those with the base density. The experimental points are taken from Ref. [15]. The notations for the calculated results are the same as described in the caption to Fig. 3(c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-same-as-described-in-the-caption-to-fig-3-1nxytwjb.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Same as described in the caption to Fig. 3, but the calculations are done with the microcanonical equilibrium density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-equilibrium-temperature-a-the-21g2kpzk.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The equilibrium temperature (a), the equilibrium central density (b), and the symmetry coefficients (c) as a function of excitation energy for 110Sn. The calculations are performed with the base density (without self-similar expansion). In the bottom panel, the dotted black line and the dash-dot blue line are the symmetry coefficients CE and CF , respectively, calculated in LDA. The dashed magenta line and the solid red line refer to CE and CF with inclusion of second-order corrections. For the experimental data points, see the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-symmetry-coefficients-ce-and-cf-for-nuclear-matter-34yws44z.png FIG. 2. The symmetry coefficients CE and CF for nuclear matter calculated with the SBM interaction (a) shown as a function of density at T = 10 MeV and (b) as a function of excitation energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-symmetry-energy-coefficient-ce-for-nuclear-matter-j5ojddzk.png FIG. 1. The symmetry energy coefficient CE for nuclear matter at T = 0 as a function of density with different interactions. The full line refers to calculations with SBM interaction; the other results are taken from Ref. [47]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-dependence-of-the-symmetry-coefficients-on-the-36ar0p5p.png FIG. 7. The dependence of the symmetry coefficients on the underlying EOS is shown for the finite system 110Sn. https://scispace.com/papers/density-guarantee-on-finding-multiple-subgraphs-and-3yg5bjcjws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-and-bound-of-density-on-datasets-continued-2d9ykwfk.png Fig. 3. Average and bound of density on datasets (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-runtime-for-a-sub-tensor-on-datasets-best-qjzxd5se.png Fig. 4. Average runtime for a (sub)tensor on datasets. Best viewed in color. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-of-notations-1lxnnf8k.png Table 2. Table of notations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-network-a-ack-detection-on-air-force-in-the-top-five-22muxn1m.png Table 5. Network a ack detection on Air Force in the top five subtensors https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-diversity-of-estimated-subtensors-2vbjk48q.png Table 4. Diversity of estimated subtensors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-illustrated-example-of-high-density-guarantee-13fl4izm.png Fig. 2. An illustrated example of high density guarantee. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-tensor-2bbxd5is.png Fig. 1. Examples of tensor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-runtime-while-varying-best-viewed-in-color-1vx7jk3g.png Fig. 5. Runtime while varying : . Best viewed in color. https://scispace.com/papers/density-functional-theory-studies-of-oxygen-and-carbonate-4tmp1rseff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimized-geometries-of-31a-with-bond-lengths-in-3vgdx0d0.png Fig. 1. Optimized geometries of 3,1A with bond lengths in Ångstroms and angles (a) and dihedral angles (d) in degrees. Data in parenthesis refer to the singlet spin state. Color codes: green = Cu, red = O, blue=N, grey = C, yellow = S and white = H. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-natural-orbitals-of-3a-336dmzde.png Fig. 2. Natural orbitals of 3A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-difference-spectrum-of-1d-with-16o2-positive-axis-and-3ojhs3v0.png Fig. 7. Difference spectrum of 1D with 16O2 (positive axis) and 1D with 18O2 (negative axis). Raman frequencies calculated with Gaussian and unscaled. The inset shows the region from 300–470 cm 1 enlarged. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimized-geometries-of-31c-with-bond-lengths-in-1zix12z1.png Fig. 4. Optimized geometries of 3,1C with bond lengths in Ångstroms. Data in parenthesis refer to the singlet spin state. For color coding see Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-optimized-geometries-of-31d-with-bond-lengths-in-2iywivqe.png Fig. 5. Optimized geometries of 3,1D with bond lengths in Ångstroms. Data in parenthesis refer to the singlet spin state. For color coding see Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ir-vibrational-spectrum-of-1d-with-oxygen-sensitive-2hac6rlx.png Fig. 6. IR vibrational spectrum of 1D with oxygen sensitive frequencies highlighted in red. The inset shows the vibrational mode of mOO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimized-geometries-of-patellamide-structures-without-1ygqxgx3.png Fig. 3. Optimized geometries of patellamide structures without carbonate and or dicopper bound: 1B1 = [(H4Pat)]; 1B2 = [(H4Pat)] (H2O)4; 3,1B3 = [Cu2(H2Pat)]2+ (H2O)4; and 1B4 = [Cu2(H2Pat)]2+ (H2O)6. All bond lengths in Ångstroms. For color coding see Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/density-gradient-ultracentrifugation-of-nanotubes-interplay-29bhh5ksfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-absorption-of-comocat-swnts-dispersed-in-water-4vdqfxbh.png Figure 5. Absorption of CoMoCAT SWNTs dispersed in water using different surfactants after ultrasonication and ultracentrifugation (∼173 000g). The spectra are vertically shifted for clarity. The chiralities are assigned following ref 103. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-photograph-and-b-absorption-after-dgu-from-a-sdc-12a8ok7z.png Figure 12. (a) Photograph and (b) absorption after DGU from a SDC-encapsulated CoMoCAT SWNT dispersion. The absorption from the unsorted material is plotted as well (red line). (c) PLE map of the topmost fraction. (d) Photograph of the ultracentrifuge cell after DGU using SC trihydroxy bile salt. (e) Absorption from the unsorted material (red line), topmost and one of the bottom fractions. (f) PLE of the topmost fraction. The ellipse indicates the (6,5) eh11-K emission satellite.158 The chiralities are assigned following ref 103. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-raman-spectra-of-comocat-swnts-measured-at-514-nm-2omw0ieq.png Figure 13. Raman spectra of CoMoCAT SWNTs measured at 514 nm. (a) RBM and (b) G region. Spectra are offset for clarity. A reference iodixanol spectrum is also shown and its main features marked with *. The chiralities in (a) are assigned using C1 and C2 from ref 162, combining Pos(RBM) with excitation wavelength and the “Kataura plot”.103 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-raman-spectra-of-la-swnts-measured-at-632-8-nm-a-fqoe4us1.png Figure 21. Raman spectra of LA SWNTs measured at 632.8 nm. (a) RBM and (b) G region. The spectra for the pristine LA SWNT material and the aliquots extracted in the orange band of the SC:SDS-4:1 and in the dark cyan band of the SC:SDS-1:4, Figure 18a,c, are plotted. A reference iodixanol spectrum is also shown, marked with *. Spectra are offset for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-raman-spectra-of-la-swnts-measured-at-488-nm-a-rbm-3l49xrs8.png Figure 19. Raman spectra of LA SWNTs measured at 488 nm. (a) RBM and (b) G region. Curves are for the pristine material and aliquots extracted in the orange band of the SC:SDS-4:1 sample and in the dark cyan band of the SC:SDS-1:4 one (see Figure 18). A reference iodixanol spectrum is also shown and marked *. Spectra are offset for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-raman-spectra-of-la-swnts-measured-at-514-5-nm-a-2mrjtfq7.png Figure 20. Raman spectra of LA SWNTs measured at 514.5 nm. (a) RBM and (b) G region. The spectra for the raw material and the aliquots extracted in the orange band of the SC:SDS-4:1 and in the dark cyan band of the SC:SDS-1:4 dispersions, Figure 18a,c, are plotted. A reference iodixanol spectrum is also shown and marked *. Spectra are offset for clarity. Note that the RBM detection in (a) is limited by the filter cut off at ∼230 cm-1, indicated by the dotted line. Tubes with diameter >1.0 nm cannot be detected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-photograph-and-b-optical-absorption-before-red-31m8y59x.png Figure 11. (a) Photograph and (b) optical absorption before (red line) and after DGU from TDC dihydroxy bile salts-encapsulated CoMoCAT SWNTs dispersion. (c) PLE map of the top fraction. The chiralities are assigned following ref 103. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-photograph-and-b-optical-absorption-after-dgu-fx5zvyim.png Figure 10. (a) Photograph and (b) optical absorption after DGU separation of the Pluronic F98-encapsulated CoMoCAT SWNTs dispersion. The spectrum of the unsorted sample is also plotted (red line) for comparison. (c and d) PLE maps of (c) fraction f5 and (d) fraction f9. The chiralities are assigned following ref 103. https://scispace.com/papers/density-of-states-monte-carlo-method-for-simulation-of-26bc76rdh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-diagram-of-the-truncated-lennard-jones-fluid-the-349fqgdv.png FIG. 2. Phase diagram of the truncated Lennard-Jones fluid. The solid shows the results of this work; the triangles depict literature data for same system~Ref. 8!. The dashed lines are isobars calculated from density of states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-dimensional-density-of-states-of-the-truncated-wdltjolh.png FIG. 1. Two-dimensional density of states of the truncated Lennard-J fluid. Different lines correspond to a different number of particles. T number of particles increases monotonically from right to left. https://scispace.com/papers/dependent-coding-in-quantized-matching-pursuit-1b6r3xvgif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-results-for-coding-a-lena-and-b-barbara-oexjz43z.png Figure 3: Simulation results for coding (a) Lena; and (b) Barbara. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-results-for-coding-of-four-eight-frame-312kgtm1.png Figure 6: Simulation results for coding of four eight-frame QCIF motion-compensated video residual images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-for-compression-of-lena-at-0-10-bits-pixel-gutkxf8j.png Figure 4: Results for compression of Lena at 0.10 bits/pixel (with exactly known DC coe cients): (a) coded with baseline method; (b) coded with QMP; (c) spatial rate variation with baseline method; (d) spatial rate variation with QMP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distortion-reduction-due-to-consistent-2x7zq8uh.png Figure 1: Distortion reduction due to consistent reconstruction. The `baseline' method uses linear reconstruction; `CR' refers to consistent reconstruction; `scalar quant' refers to using independent scalar quantization for each component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-for-compression-of-barbara-at-0-15-bits-3bj92pa7.png Figure 5: Results for compression of Barbara at 0.15 bits/pixel (with exactly known DC coe cients): (a) coded with baseline method; (b) coded with QMP; (c) spatial rate variation with baseline method; (d) spatial rate variation with QMP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-results-with-n-4-showing-the-improvement-8fisx357.png Figure 2: Simulation results with N = 4 showing the improvement due to dependent coding and the low bit rate superiority of QMP over independent scalar quantization. https://scispace.com/papers/deobfuscation-reverse-engineering-obfuscated-code-3hehpxhr60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-deobfuscation-results-2110fa9c.png Table 2: Deobfuscation results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-program-and-its-control-ow-graph-3jn4bzhh.png Figure 1: An example program and its control ow graph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-enhancing-attening-with-interprocedural-data-flow-cfbk2ca0.png Figure 3: Enhancing attening with Interprocedural Data Flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-control-ow-graph-after-basic-attening-yun2ssqy.png Figure 2: Control ow graph after basic attening https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-static-characteristics-of-original-and-obfuscated-3rm076wa.png Table 1: Static characteristics of original and obfuscated benchmark programs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-enhancing-attening-with-articial-blocks-and-xnka0gdm.png Figure 4: Enhancing attening with articial blocks and pointers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-code-cloning-38bfznbs.png Figure 5: Code Cloning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-code-cloning-for-control-flow-flattening-1n6kqopg.png Figure 6: Code Cloning for Control Flow Flattening https://scispace.com/papers/dephosphorylation-pathway-of-d-myo-inositol-1-4-5-bftvb1hh8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dephosphorylation-of-2-3h-ins-145-p-in-extracts-of-tw3hq48b.png Table 1. Dephosphorylation of [2-3H]Ins(1,4,5)P, in extracts of different cell types of C. eugametos and the relative abundance of the InsP, and InsP, isomers recovered https://scispace.com/papers/depressive-symptoms-are-associated-with-soluble-p-selectin-377n0x8g2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-medical-characteristics-of-the-2wnqljq9.png Table 1. Sociodemographic and Medical Characteristics of the Study Subjects https://scispace.com/papers/depth-video-enhancement-based-on-weighted-mode-filtering-4up5fbk9en 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relation-between-in-5-and-in-12-where-is-omitted-can-1yuvu1gb.png Fig. 5. Relation between in (5) and in (12), where is omitted. can be referred to as the approximated one of Gaussian function . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-aliasing-effect-in-the-depth-upsampling-different-from-26fdsz4u.png Fig. 6. Aliasing effect in the depth upsampling: Different from the previous approaches that use the bilinear or bicubic interpolations based on low-pass filtering, the sparse original depth values are used only in the proposed method. However, this may result in the aliasing effect, as shown in (a). This problem can be handled by using the MCM in (c). (a) Aliased depth map. (b) Cropped image of (a). (c) Fig. 1(c) (with MCM). (d) Cropped image of (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-objective-evaluation-average-rank-of-depth-maps-of-1f2se90f.png TABLE IV OBJECTIVE EVALUATION (AVERAGE RANK OF DEPTH MAPS) OF SEVERAL EXISTING STEREO MATCHING ALGORITHMS “BEFORE” AND “AFTER” APPLYING OUR PROPOSED DEPTH REFINEMENT TECHNIQUE https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-objective-evaluation-the-percent-of-bad-matching-3c0salpz.png TABLE II OBJECTIVE EVALUATION (THE PERCENT (%) OF BAD MATCHING PIXELS) FOR DEPTH UPSAMPLING ON ALL (ALL PIXELS IN THE IMAGE) AND DISK (THE VISIBLE PIXELS NEAR THE OCCLUDED REGIONS) REGIONS WITH THE MIDDLEBURY TEST BED https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-depth-upsampling-results-in-noisy-environment-the-3fmo9auj.png Fig. 12. Depth upsampling results in noisy environment: The downsampling ratio is 8 in each dimension, and AWGN was added with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 20. (a) Input noisy depth maps. (b) Upsampled depth maps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-processing-times-of-depth-upsampling-for-middlbury-3bqykffw.png TABLE III PROCESSING TIMES OF DEPTH UPSAMPLING FOR MIDDLBURY TEST BED https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shows-an-example-of-the-depth-upsampling-with-the-mcm-veert6tn.png Fig. 7 shows an example of the depth upsampling with the MCM. Note that the depth and color images are always processed on the full resolution. Given the initial sparse (irregularly sampled) depth map, the depth values on the th level are https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pseudocode-of-depth-upsampling-with-mcm-on-1x2hv6t1.png TABLE I PSEUDOCODE OF DEPTH UPSAMPLING WITH MCM ON HIERARCHICAL SCHEME https://scispace.com/papers/depth-control-for-an-over-actuated-hover-capable-autonomous-2myq6e836j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-results-show-control-performance-when-the-system-83exbgsh.png Figure 18: Results show control performance when the system is subjected to a variation in the net buoyancy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-cost-of-transport-cot-at-different-speeds-1sm0qzb5.png Figure 20: Cost of transport (COT) at different speeds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coordinate-systems-30y8xvwl.png Figure 2: Coordinate systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-22-flight-style-operation-at-speeds-with-a-speed-207l3wc3.png Figure B.22: Flight-style operation at speeds with a speed transition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pi-d-scheme-32dwxszq.png Figure 5: PI-D scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-hover-style-control-block-diagram-3a0safxl.png Figure 8: A hover-style control block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hover-style-force-diagram-3dij1gko.png Figure 6: Hover-style force diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-parameters-used-for-a-generalised-force-allocation-oskv0aq1.png Figure 7: Parameters used for a generalised force allocation. https://scispace.com/papers/derivation-of-new-quantum-hydrodynamic-equations-using-1uf02eeu1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-6-influence-of-the-dispersive-velocity-term-d2-8-nuxx-1s9j9tsq.png Fig. 6.6. Influence of the dispersive velocity term (δ2/8)(nuxx)x on the current-voltage curve for thermal conductivity κ = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2-current-voltage-characteristic-for-the-new-qhd-3burwwh9.png Fig. 6.2. Current-voltage characteristic for the new QHD system with thermal conductivities κ = 0.2 (solid line) and κ = 0.3 (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3-electron-density-before-dashed-line-and-after-solid-2ivdqq8u.png Fig. 6.3. Electron density before (dashed line) and after (solid line) the first valley for thermal conductivities κ = 0.2 (left) and κ = 0.3 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-physical-parameters-for-gaas-aagf9a0s.png Table 6.1 Physical parameters for GaAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-4-left-influence-of-the-effective-mass-meff-on-the-9t7dhwha.png Fig. 6.4. Left: Influence of the effective mass meff on the current-voltage characteristic. Right: Current-voltage characteristic for a barrier height of B = 0.3 eV. In both pictures, κ = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-5-influence-of-the-number-of-discretization-points-on-sc7ho149.png Fig. 6.5. Influence of the number of discretization points on the current-voltage characteristics for the new QHD equations (left) and for Gardner’s QHD model (right). In both pictures, κ = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-geometry-of-the-resonant-tunneling-diode-and-oziunlmr.png Fig. 6.1. Geometry of the resonant tunneling diode and external potential modeling the double barriers. The Al mole fraction is x = 0.3. https://scispace.com/papers/deriving-cloud-velocity-from-an-array-of-solar-radiation-16xughdmum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-lce-vs-mcp-half-hourly-a-a-and-b-v-averages-on-3dpd5fvg.png Figure 7: LCE vs MCP half-hourly (a) α and (b) v averages on October 20th, 21st, and 25th, 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-sensor-pair-with-spacing-d-aligned-in-the-2ggc7ywm.png Figure 2: Sample sensor pair with spacing D aligned in the cloud motion direction and irradiance timeseries IA and IB . https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cloud-speed-and-direction-obtained-from-radiosonde-2n09q742.png Table 3: Cloud speed and direction obtained from radiosonde data for the cloud height h observed by METAR (Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-mcp-results-for-october-20th-1205pst-each-92ybm4z9.png Table 2: Example MCP results for October 20th, 1205PST. Each pair is characterized by their aligment direction θ. Resulting time lag tAB and speed v for the most correlated pair are higlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ghi-and-its-standard-deviation-s-every-5-s-over-30-2bu9q9z7.png Figure 5: GHI and its standard deviation σ every 5 s over 30 s intervals and MCP results for maximum correlation coefficient ρ and cloud direction α on October 21, 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-polar-histogram-for-b-and-a-directions-for-october-1o012rgf.png Figure 8: Polar histogram for β and α directions for October 20th. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-profiles-of-radiosonde-wind-direction-and-speed-on-231gnukn.png Figure 4: Profiles of radiosonde wind direction and speed on October 20, 2011. The cloud height reported by METAR at KNKX at 1655 PST is shown as a horizontal line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-a-linear-cloud-edge-passing-a-sensor-2cjk7v44.png Figure 3: Schematic of a linear cloud edge passing a sensor triplet. β is the angle between the cloud edge and the x axis, and α is the angle between the CMV v and the x axis. Ce and Cn are the cloud edge points that pass over sensors N and E. https://scispace.com/papers/description-of-space-time-variability-of-the-potential-7njmh0dn13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-anisotropy-angles-histogram-and-percentage-and-1b0bi50y.png Figure 5. Anisotropy angles histogram and percentage and isotropic behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-caven-communities-distribution-in-the-study-area-38zme0v2.png Figure 2. A. caven communities distribution in the study area by EVI’s standard deviation. a) Summer: 25 February, 2004. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-evi-behavior-in-summer-autumn-winter-and-3i801gr1.png Figure 1. Average EVI behavior in summer, autumn, winter and spring of years 2004, 2005 and 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variogram-map-of-the-study-area-vg6bzetd.png Figure 6. Variogram map of the study area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variogram-map-of-the-study-area-in-summer-autumn-3d3gzlze.png Figure 7. Variogram map of the study area in summer, autumn, winter and spring. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-analysis-of-efficient-reconfigurable-wavelet-4scjvu43x2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-stages-of-a-one-level-2-d-wavelet-transform-2h60t3yt.png Fig. 1. Basic stages of a one level 2-D wavelet transform operation https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-of-binary-filter-features-and-hardware-3pae9xq7.png TABLE IV COMPARISON OF BINARY FILTER FEATURES AND HARDWARE RESOURCES REQUIREMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conceptual-overview-of-the-dwt-filter-design-2cuadvyg.png Fig. 2. Conceptual overview of the DWT filter design constraints and desired features https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-analysis-high-pass-filter-coefficients-h1-for-the-1gobij9q.png TABLE II ANALYSIS HIGH PASS FILTER COEFFICIENTS (H1) FOR THE BIORTHOGONAL 9/7 TAP FILTER https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-analysis-low-pass-filter-h0-coefficients-for-the-1scnxe37.png TABLE I ANALYSIS LOW PASS FILTER (H0) COEFFICIENTS FOR THE BIORTHOGONAL 9/7 TAP FILTER https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-coefficients-for-le-galls-5-3-filter-6jtr97zf.png TABLE III COEFFICIENTS FOR LE GALL’S 5/3 FILTER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-analysis-of-quantization-error-for-seven-bit-4edg5rus.png Fig. 3. Numerical Analysis of Quantization error for seven bit finite representation of filter coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hardware-architectures-for-biorthogonal-9-7-filter-a25xw75r.png Fig. 4. Hardware architectures for biorthogonal 9/7 filter https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-control-of-a-6-degree-of-freedom-precision-hpw17yxnr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-boundary-conditions-for-simulation-b-first-39h0oo3v.png Figure 3 (a)The boundary conditions for simulation, (b) first mode shape (6199.6 Hz), (c) secondmodeshape (8722.2 Hz) and (d) thirdmodeshape (10197 Hz). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-the-result-of-1-hz-sinusoidal-motion-tracking-zsekft5s.png Figure 24 The result of 1 Hz sinusoidal motion tracking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-finite-element-model-of-the-6-dof-system-a-without-26d5miar.png Figure 12 Finite element model of the 6-DOF system: (a) without PEAs (b) with PEAs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-geometric-model-of-the-elliptical-flexure-hinge-a-clghpfng.png Figure 6 Geometric model of the elliptical flexure hinge. (a) Geometry and parameters; (b) loads and reactions; (c) deflections [46]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-pea-press-against-the-y1gl1o3b.png Figure 7 (a) Schematic diagram of the PEA press against the hinge through ball tipand (b) its simplified dynamic model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-shows-the-geometry-schematic-diagram-of-the-2jqncql4.png Figure 10 shows the geometry schematic diagram of the locations, Pi(i=4,5,6) of the piezoelectric actuators relative to the movingcircular ring. According to the space geometric relationship, the following relationship can be obtained: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-first-eight-mode-shapes-of-the-6-dof-positioning-2834pnxi.png Figure 16 First eight mode shapes of the 6-DOF positioning system https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-corresponding-frequencies-of-the-mode-shapes-19p5jn0u.png Table I: The corresponding frequencies of the mode shapes. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-measurement-considerations-for-wbg-switching-gknjq7vtbs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-current-gate-drive-frequency-response-in-lt-spice-2qp97h96.png Fig. 8 (a) Current gate drive frequency response in LT Spice simulation, and (b) test results on Network Analyser (small signal) driving into a simulated capacitive gate load. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-linear-current-gate-drive-circuit-and-half-bridge-3obq2jeh.png Fig. 7 Linear current gate drive circuit and half-bridge switched inductive load test topology. Gate drive has +/- 800mA output capability, over +18V / -8V VG range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-wbg-development-platform-and-b-testing-sub-circuits-16rb4t1m.png Fig. 1 (a) WBG development platform, and (b) testing sub-circuits with a Vector Network Analyser. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sccli-measured-on-vna-2nh-b-optimum-loop-inductance-18tp5fr6.png Fig. 2 (a) SCCLI measured on VNA (<2nH), (b) optimum loop inductance PCB layout cross-section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-turn-on-waveforms-50-nsec-div-ch-1-yellow-100-1-scope-d504qp2g.png Fig. 11 Turn-ON waveforms (50 nsec/div) Ch.1 (yellow): 100:1 scope probe VDS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-turn-off-waveforms-50-nsec-div-ch-1-yellow-100-1-27yxp1p7.png Fig. 10 Turn-OFF waveforms (50 nsec/div) Ch.1 (yellow): 100:1 scope probe VDS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-current-gate-drive-small-signal-response-tested-at-3bfbs0a5.png Fig. 7 Linear current gate drive circuit and half-bridge switched inductive load test topology. Gate drive has +/- 800mA output capability, over +18V / -8V VG range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-calibration-of-on-board-current-measurement-circuit-258a9rbo.png Fig. 12 Calibration of on-board current measurement circuit (Ch.3 blue) against an Agilent hall-effect current probe (Ch.4 green). Waveform shows double-pulse test cycle. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-characterisation-of-srs-filtering-optical-fibre-2rex766etv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concept-of-srs-filtering-due-to-resonant-coupling-1i6jjgvw.png Figure 1. Concept of SRS filtering due to resonant coupling between core and cladding modes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cross-section-of-a-srs-filtering-fibre-design-b-3pg1kv8k.png Figure 2. (a) Cross section of a SRS filtering fibre design. (b) Refractive index profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-osa-output-spectra-resolution-1nm-obtained-for-the-1l8ohyhu.png Figure 6. OSA output spectra (resolution 1nm) obtained for the 2ns pulses at 1MHz repetition rate. Solid line: coil diameter 30cm, dashed line: 15cm. Inset: Output beam at ~1065nm at maximum power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-microscope-image-of-the-srs-filtering-fibre-scale-3qanv41f.png Figure 4. (a) Microscope image of the SRS filtering fibre, scale = 20m. (b) Loss spectrum measurement. Inset: OTDR loss spectra, for the 9.5m long SRS suppression fibre (blue), and the corresponding linear fit (dashed red curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-setup-for-the-pulsed-laser-application-zfey9wxw.png Figure 5. Experimental setup for the pulsed laser application. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-effective-indices-of-modes-as-a-function-of-2rp80q81.png Figure 3. (a) Effective indices of modes as a function of wavelength. Solid line corresponds to the LP01 (blue) and dashed line corresponds to LP11 (red) modes of the silica core modes; dotted lines correspond to the Ge-rod modes; (b) Effect of bend radius on a leakage loss of the SRS suppression fibre. The mode field diameter at 1070nm is ~17.5m. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-development-of-a-c-band-rf-transceiver-for-uavsar-1kb9jqocfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sar-rf-transceiver-figure-3-rf-transceiver-with-28sl1j74.png Figure 2. SAR RF transceiver. Figure 3. RF transceiver with chassis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-google-earth-map-b-sar-image-at-mersing-site-1t90r92r.png Figure 12. (a) Google earth map. (b) SAR image at mersing site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measurement-setup-for-transmitter-testing-1wju3ksz.png Figure 4. Measurement setup for transmitter testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-output-waveform-of-the-transmitted-chirp-signal-at-s2i5wrju.png Figure 5. Output waveform of the transmitted chirp signal at the transmitter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-processed-image-of-ground-test-site-7kl141i6.png Figure 11. Processed image of ground test site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-measurement-setup-with-microstrip-array-antenna-2juo8e4x.png Figure 10. Measurement setup with microstrip array antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-system-level-requirements-23jdqmn6.png Table 1. System level requirements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-output-waveform-of-the-rf-subsystem-using-a-100-ns-28jqy6fp.png Figure 8. Output waveform of the RF subsystem using a 100 ns delay line. https://scispace.com/papers/design-and-synthesis-of-an-ieee-754-exponential-function-3de0cmcwdg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exponential-function-algorithm-werm3fyu.png Figure 2: Exponential Function Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-block-diagram-of-the-hardware-implementation-1anf7p34.png Figure 3: Block Diagram of the Hardware Implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-black-box-representation-38y07xfv.png Figure 1: "Black-Box" Representation https://scispace.com/papers/design-automation-model-for-application-specific-processors-1me4fbdwxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-operation-defined-for-motion-intensity-calculator-28zf3f7w.png TABLE II OPERATION DEFINED FOR MOTION INTENSITY CALCULATOR EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sample-template-generated-by-the-compiler-for-add-2fuanhww.png Fig. 2. A sample template generated by the compiler for add https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-dependency-graph-for-delaying-example-mgdyks7c.png Fig. 1. Data dependency graph for delaying example https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-syntax-of-statements-and-conditions-1h75hfto.png TABLE I SYNTAX OF STATEMENTS AND CONDITIONS https://scispace.com/papers/design-by-competition-and-the-potential-for-public-1465ulz4rc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-about-here-2zbwgb1f.png FIGURE 5 ABOUT HERE https://scispace.com/papers/design-construction-and-operation-of-a-laboratory-scale-5g2hs33ivw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-isotopic-composition-measurement-in-the-1fh70w1b.png Table 2. Summary of isotopic composition measurement in the precursor gas and in the enriched single crystals. The gas measurements were performed by GC-MS and the crystal measurements were performed with SIMS. Due to the use of an natural Si seed, the 30Si enriched crystal has an isotopic gradient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variable-temperature-hall-effect-data-for-23volg7w.png Fig. 10. Variable temperature Hall effect data for isotopically enriched Si crystals: 99.92% 28Si, 91.37% 29Si, and 86.7% 30Si. All crystals are n-type. The net carrier concentration is higher in the tail end of the 28Si crystal compared to the seed end due to P segregation during the float zone growth. A dashed line indicates the T-3/2 dependence for the mobility data. Data courtesy I. Sharp and C. Liao, LBNL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-gc-data-during-reactor-operation-rpdd1miv.png Fig. 3. Typical GC data during reactor operation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-diameter-of-poly-si-rod-as-a-function-of-distance-in-4rm5rqhq.png Fig. 8. Diameter of poly-Si rod as a function of distance in the reactor. Growth rate is uniform throughout the reaction zone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dislocation-free-single-crystals-of-isotopically-96pq18o3.png Fig. 9. Dislocation-free single crystals of isotopically enriched Si. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-characterization-results-for-isotopically-1nqx1muh.png Table 3. Summary of characterization results for isotopically enriched Si crystals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-isotopic-composition-measurement-in-the-edu1cy4e.png Table 1. Summary of isotopic composition measurement in the precursor gas (SiF4). The gas measurements were provided by the vendor and performed by GC-MS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-photoluminescence-spectra-obtained-at-4-k-of-the-pnp-3ahputdf.png Fig. 11. Photoluminescence spectra obtained at 4 K of the PNP transition in enriched Si single crystals. Positions and linewidths are: 28Si: 9274.18 cm-1, 0.022 cm-1; 29Si: 9282.9, 0.013 cm-1 (line is split due to substitutional carbon incorporation, see inset and text); 30Si with two different enrichments due to natural Si incorporation during FZ growth: 9289.15 and 9290.18 cm-1, 0.064 cm-1, respectively. The location of the transition in natural Si is indicated with an arrow. Data courtesy M. Thewalt, Simon Fraser University. https://scispace.com/papers/design-considerations-for-high-power-converters-interfacing-41vjrz3kh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-igbts-cost-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-levels-of-ijuo55me.png Fig. 5 IGBTs cost as a function of the number of levels of the converter. 1200V/3600A (blue bar), 1700V/3600A (red bar), 3300V/1500A (green bar). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-total-converter-cost-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-26mpndwn.png Fig. 8 Total converter cost as a function of the number of levels of the converter with a 1700V/3600A diodes, 3mF/800V capacitors b 1700V/800A diodes, 3mF/800V capacitors c 1700V/3600A diodes, 1.6mF/1150V capacitors d 1700V/800A diodes, 1.6mF/1150V capacitors IGBTs used in (a), (b), (c) and (d): 1200V/3600A (first column for each level), 1700V/3600A (second column for each level) and 3300V/1500A (third column for each level) IGBTs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-igbts-considered-for-the-converter-design-27-1mja492u.png Table 1 IGBTs Considered for the converter design [27] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-igbts-in-series-parallel-and-total-for-a-x219l6hz.png Table 2 Number of IGBTs in series, parallel and total for a BTB NPC converter to feed a 10 MW SG at 3300 V line to line https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-diodes-cost-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-levels-of-1nasjrd4.png Fig. 7 Diodes cost as a function of the number of levels of the converter. 1700V/36A (blue bar) and 1700V/800A (red bar). The determination of the global optimal number of voltage level for a converter is carried out according to the following steps: https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-number-of-diodes-in-series-parallel-and-total-for-a-3c22r778.png Table 6 Number of diodes in series, parallel and total for a BTB NPC converter to feed a 10 MW SG at 3300 V line to line https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-capacitors-cost-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-levels-3tvbompp.png Fig. 6 Capacitors cost as a function of the number of levels of the converter levels. 3mF/800V (blue bar) and 1.6mF/1150V (red bar). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-diodes-considered-for-the-converter-design-28-5u4wxssn.png Table 5 Diodes considered for the converter design [28] https://scispace.com/papers/design-fiction-anticipating-adoption-1ycpr7yy01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-fiction-world-building-1blz2lfc.png Figure 2. Screenshots from Game of Drones Video (https://youtu.be/6b_30d7yW2s) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-drone-docking-station-9s6rilse.png Figure 3. Drone Docking Station https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshots-from-game-of-drones-video-https-youtu-oin5ekss.png Figure 2. Screenshots from Game of Drones Video (https://youtu.be/6b_30d7yW2s) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drone-enforcement-zone-signage-xl9827sp.png Figure 4. Drone Enforcement Zone Signage https://scispace.com/papers/design-framework-for-privacy-aware-demand-side-management-4u9go3harj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-smart-metering-system-which-enables-the-privacy-2q9fkk91.png Fig. 1. The smart metering system which enables the privacy-aware DSM by altering the user demand from the grid Yk using an ESS so that the deviation from the reference signal Ȳk is minimized while reducing the privacy leakage and losses in the ESS. Here, the solid lines denote the energy flow and the dotted lines denote the information flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-belief-state-space-partitioning-recursion-2galwpjs.png Fig. 3. An example belief state-space partitioning recursion with |H|=3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-emu-strategies-in-different-test-1v857r3u.png TABLE II COMPARISON OF EMU STRATEGIES IN DIFFERENT TEST CASES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pareto-optimal-trade-off-between-dsm-privacy-and-ess-2up7q6ak.png Fig. 7. Pareto-optimal trade-off between DSM, privacy, and ESS cost. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-nomenclature-3f23ij17.png TABLE I. NOMENCLATURE https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-cyclin-g-associated-kinase-gak-epidermal-growth-2fx05nj2b2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gak-and-egfr-in-vitro-and-in-cell-biochemical-gsl7y5lc.png Table 2. GAK and EGFR in vitro and in cell biochemical characterization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-strategy-for-gak-egfr-inhibitors-a-erlotinib-3ry8o0gj.png Figure 2. Design strategy for GAK/EGFR inhibitors: (A) Erlotinib and (B) 3 docked in GAK and (C) lapatinib and (D) 15 docked in EGFR demonstrating the hydrophobic pocket. (see SI for detailed images) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-western-blot-of-egfr-and-p-egfr-y1068-lowing-2boesm4b.png Figure 3. Western blot of EGFR and p-EGFR (Y1068) lowing erlotinib, 7 (CA156) and 8 (CA176) treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chordoma-and-fibroblast-screening-results-27p594xp.png Table 3. Chordoma and Fibroblast screening results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-previously-reported-inhibitors-of-gak-and-egfr-173n945j.png Figure 1. Previously reported inhibitors of GAK and EGFR. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-flexure-rotational-time-base-with-varying-57ox8i6bge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-inertia-and-stiffness-variation-of-the-example-rdco-xk1jdad2.png Fig. 9: Inertia and stiffness variation of the example RDCO versus rotation angle θ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-rdco-physical-implementation-2qbqm6hu.png Fig. 4: Example of RDCO physical implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-influence-of-parameter-d-on-the-kinematics-of-the-1q052ecx.png Table 1: Influence of parameter δ on the kinematics of the RDCO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinematic-diagram-of-the-rdco-using-ideal-joints-in-2ad6n8w7.png Fig. 2: Kinematic diagram of the RDCO using ideal joints in nominal position (left) and rotated (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-inertia-isochronism-tuning-masses-for-the-rdco-p8eafw83.png Fig. 13: Inertia isochronism tuning masses for the RDCO. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mass-parameters-of-the-rdco-flexure-implementation-24jqtbdg.png Table 2: Mass parameters of the RDCO flexure implementation used for numerical validation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-parameters-of-the-rdco-stiffness-and-inertia-models-in-3unno4j7.png Fig. 7: Parameters of the RDCO stiffness and inertia models in equilibrium position (a) and rotated by angle θ (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-huygens-isochronism-correction-for-the-pendulum-with-3cdc9j9d.png Fig. 3: Huygens’ isochronism correction for the pendulum with cycloidal cheeks changing its active length as it oscillates. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-nonlinear-dynamic-inversion-controller-for-4rcnrp6uj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-autolanding-trajectory-38vafv1n.png Fig. 1 Autolanding trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-longitudinal-axis-ndi-controller-w4asujwo.png Fig. 2 Longitudinal Axis NDI Controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lateral-directional-response-during-trajectory-2nqk92rg.png Fig. 5 Lateral-directional response during trajectory following https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-actuator-rates-as-function-of-time-and-wind-profile-as-16mmij9d.png Fig. 6 Actuator rates as function of time and wind profile as function of altitude https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-longitudinal-response-during-trajectory-following-1oq7cz66.png Fig. 4 Longitudinal response during trajectory following https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lateral-directional-axis-ndi-controller-1108ina7.png Fig. 3 Lateral-Directional Axis NDI Controller https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-multi-channel-spin-polarimeter-3c1qswv8jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-the-electron-intensity-image-on-the-2fymr1k0.png Fig. 4. (color online) (a) The electron intensity image on the target. (b) The intensity spectrum cut from (a) along the momentum direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-the-electron-intensity-image-on-the-1l0af3mn.png Fig. 5. (color online) (a) The electron intensity image on the final MCP. (b) The intensity spectrum cut from (a) along the energy direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-ray-tracing-results-of-the-electron-160qf4s6.png Fig. 3. (color online) Ray tracing results of the electron optics along energy (a) and momentum (b) directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-sketch-of-the-spinresolved-arpes-2adhdmx3.png Fig. 2. (color online) The sketch of the spinresolved ARPES spectrometer based on multichannel VLEED. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-mechanism-of-spin-polarimeters-based-21091sot.png Fig. 1. (color online) The mechanism of spin polarimeters based on spin-orbit (a) and strong correlation (b) interactions. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-an-auditory-guidance-system-for-the-blind-with-2p57xtpovb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-block-diagram-of-the-ultrasonic-sensor-interface-16rl5yvd.png Fig. 4. Block diagram of the ultrasonic sensor interface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-concept-of-the-electronic-travel-aids-29wfemd3.png Fig. 1. The concept of the Electronic Travel Aids https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-directional-response-of-ultrasonic-sensor-2g8m0f62.png Fig. 3. Directional response of ultrasonic sensor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-auditory-guidance-system-using-multiple-ultrasonic-2b81br4s.png Fig. 2. Auditory guidance system using multiple ultrasonic sensors to audio signal transformation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-directional-measurement-of-stereo-ultrasonic-sensors-1lj6njtm.png Fig. 5. Directional measurement of stereo ultrasonic sensors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sound-intensity-equalization-method-ifxbnzjx.png Fig. 8. Sound intensity equalization method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-beep-sound-wave-forms-and-parameters-3uyz2w24.png Fig. 6. Beep sound wave forms and parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-modeling-of-phase-di-erence-1qnbjlmz.png Fig. 7. Modeling of phase di erence https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-balanced-qpsk-space-time-trellis-codes-for-several-f3h6fzkdks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-partition-of-z24-in-cosets-ury8yvc6.png TABLE I. Partition of Z24 in cosets https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-16-state-4-psk-fully-b-sttc-with-2-tx-antennas-and-1j6m6ql2.png TABLE III. 16-state 4-PSK fully B-STTC with 2 Tx antennas and min (tr(A)) = 16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-4-state-4-psk-fully-b-sttc-with-2-tx-antennas-and-sw30rav8.png TABLE II. 4-state 4-PSK fully B-STTC with 2 Tx antennas and min (tr(A)) = 10 https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-an-integrated-antenna-for-automotive-applications-4j2ri4edsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-photograph-of-the-integrated-multi-function-ic0xwubb.png Figure 2. A photograph of the integrated multi-function antenna https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometry-of-the-integrated-multi-function-antenna-37b8pvbh.png Figure 1. Geometry of the integrated multi-function antenna https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-and-simulated-gain-of-the-optimized-multi-3qzffwj9.png Figure 3. Measured and simulated gain of the optimized multi-function antenna (a) COSPAS-SARSAT band, (b) GSM/GPRS lower band, GSM/GPRS upper band and (d) GPS band. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-a-railway-scheduling-model-for-dense-services-29qao5184u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conflict-matrix-157q1w5s.png Table 1 Conflict matrix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-possible-representation-of-the-swiss-railway-central-fjet57y1.png Fig. 1 Possible representation of the Swiss railway central part divided in condensation and compensation zones https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flexibility-of-the-speed-profile-in-a-compensation-3bny1oe8.png Fig. 6 Flexibility of the speed profile in a compensation zone. The shaded zone represents the feasible space for scheduling the train https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-switch-region-topology-in-the-west-of-the-berne-main-3d3upzqw.png Fig. 3 Switch region topology in the west of the Berne main station https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-the-condensation-zone-berne-approximate-2zt5tlqs.png Fig. 2 Sketch of the condensation zone Berne. Approximate distances given in meters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-example-of-non-dominated-similar-paths-the-link-be-via-3kb1a5fv.png Fig. 9 Example of non-dominated similar paths. The link BE via s generates other conflicts than the link via t. We prefer BEs as it has one conflict less https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-conflict-graph-describing-the-routing-and-scheduling-2zzby1pl.png Fig. 7 Conflict graph describing the routing and scheduling possibilities for three trains through a network in a discretised timetable https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-switch-region-topology-in-the-east-of-the-berne-main-o2bwbnjs.png Fig. 4 Switch region topology in the east of the Berne main station https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-cmos-ternary-latches-51aspve4p2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-stable-dc-operating-points-1kpfzb3p.png TABLE I SUMMARY OF STABLE DC OPERATING POINTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-open-loop-curves-for-the-fig-6-d-latch-at-three-adf28hz2.png Fig. 8. Open-loop curves for the Fig. 6(d) latch at three process corners. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rs-ternary-latch-1uukp46b.png Fig. 9. RS ternary latch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tristable-latch-with-two-n-channel-mosfets-2meyh1zk.png Fig. 1. Tristable latch with two n-channel MOSFETs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-summary-of-fig-6-latch-variations-dod8id07.png TABLE III PERFORMANCE SUMMARY OF FIG. 6 LATCH VARIATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-open-loop-curves-corresponding-to-the-fig-2-circuit-a-384u0q5g.png Fig. 3. Open-loop curves corresponding to the Fig. 2 circuit. (a) Voltage transfer characteristic V versus V . (b) V V versus V . (c) Gain curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-circuit-used-for-open-loop-analysis-of-the-fig-1-latch-2kwcfnau.png Fig. 2. Circuit used for open-loop analysis of the Fig. 1 latch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gain-curves-for-a-r-220-v-0-b-r-10-k-v-0-c-r-10-k-v-11u05st3.png Fig. 4. Gain curves for: (a) R = 220, V = 0; (b) R = 10 k, V = 0; (c) R = 10 k, V = 600 mV. https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-single-shaped-reflector-antennas-for-the-synthesis-3tp1oi83p3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1vqulx6c.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solving-time-in-the-fem-versus-number-of-edges-1lnibsuq.png Figure 1 Solving time in the FEM versus number of edges https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-elastomer-structure-to-facilitate-incorporation-of-1c7zwagrln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-actuation-curves-for-the-2-and-3-loadings-of-3mbx9ygn.png Figure 6. Sample actuation curves for the 2% and 3% loadings of EG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-experimental-versus-theoretical-actuation-of-3s0mzm2l.png Figure 7. Experimental versus theoretical actuation of composites at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-types-of-graphite-a-natural-graphite-b-2d0m8rnx.png Figure 1. Different types of graphite a) natural graphite, b) expanded graphite and c) exfoliated graphite https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-microscope-images-of-the-dispersion-of-eg-k42lyloq.png Figure 2. Optical microscope images of the dispersion of EG in a mechanically mixed sample (A) and a speed mixed sample (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-breakdown-strength-of-the-various-composites-2q4fmf6y.png Figure 5. Breakdown strength of the various composites https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-the-epigenec-study-assessing-the-epidemiology-and-z2wxkx7cth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-data-sources-157-3b4vxvkt.png Figure 1. Data sources 157 https://scispace.com/papers/design-of-three-component-one-dimensional-photonic-crystals-u1gk08p9kl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-value-of-filling-fraction-limfsi-for-2aq1me14.png Table 1. Maximum value of filling fraction LimfSi for different values of t-layer thickness, Dt , required for GM calculations of a three-component PC with lattice period A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-odbs-width-filled-rectangles-and-the-transmission-3ceop37k.png Fig. 4. The ODB’s width (filled rectangles) and the transmission spectra T for the first PBGs at incident angles of 0o and 85o for two-component PC (denoted as 2comp) with optical contrasts (a) 3.42/1 and (b) 3.42/1.3, and three-component PC (denoted as 3comp) with an additional layer Nt=1.5 and (a) Dt=0.2А and (b) Dt=0.27А. The limiting filling fraction LimfSi value is 0.3. The dashed line corresponds to the level of RPBG=0.999 (or TPBG =0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-shows-that-the-introduction-of-a-t-layer-with-dt-0-17aq49fe.png Figure 2a shows that the introduction of a t-layer with Dt =0.20A and Nt =1.5 results in i) a decrease in the size of all PBGs and ii) a red shift of the PBGs with respect to the original two-component PC. Similar behavior was observed earlier in the GM of the PBGs of a two-component PC as NL increases9, 15. Thus, the introduction of the t-layer has a similar effect to the substitution of NL, i.e. it serves to decrease the optical contrast or, in accordance with Ref.6, decrease the effective dielectric constant. As can be seen in Fig. 2a, the size of the high-order PBG regions for the threecomponent PCs differs from that in two-component PCs. In the range of NF values from 0.7 to 1, a suppression of high order PBGs takes place. https://scispace.com/papers/design-parameters-for-seismically-retrofitted-masonry-to-9bmaat2yut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-methods-to-determine-the-nominal-tensile-mbz7tran.png Table 2 Summary of methods to determine the nominal tensile load conical concrete/masonry breakout, Nc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-failure-modes-a-substrate-cone-failure-and-b-1moxe6g6.png Figure 4 Failure modes: (a) substrate cone failure; and (b) combined cone-bond failure (adapted from Zamora et al., 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-proposed-acceptance-criteria-for-connections-142w0jub.png Table 6 Proposed acceptance criteria for connections subjected to pullout. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-experimental-results-and-1e6zag8q.png Figure 5 Comparison between experimental results and behavioral models. WT .40. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-experimental-parameters-determined-from-the-160cz337.png Table 1 Main experimental parameters determined from the pullout tests on injection anchors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-injection-anchors-for-connections-a-sketch-of-1o78kcby.png Figure 1 Injection anchors for connections: (a) sketch of application (Cóias e Silva, 2007); (b) possible failure modes (top view). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-relative-to-the-idealized-curves-3ks5u680.png Table 5 Parameters relative to the idealized curves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-predicted-tensile-capacities-and-3vneg883.png Table 4 Comparison between predicted tensile capacities and experimental values. https://scispace.com/papers/design-optimization-of-mixed-time-event-triggered-1wx4cvf9s8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-initial-bus-configuration-30yr7aqj.png Figure 6. Initial Bus Configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-percentage-of-schedulable-applications-2nqp7hte.png Figure 10. Percentage of Schedulable Applications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-architecture-3mbcg0ez.png Figure 1. System Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-application-model-example-2ivnd4u9.png Figure 2. Application Model Example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-runtime-of-step-3-2b5f1he5.png Figure 14. Runtime of step 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-runtime-of-step-2-function-of-psp-15uymmgd.png Figure 12. Runtime of step 2 function of |ΨP| https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimization-of-bus-access-cycle-11a8hk8b.png Figure 4. Optimization of Bus Access Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-partitioning-into-tt-et-domains-1qe0s5bu.png Figure 3. Partitioning into TT/ET domains https://scispace.com/papers/design-principles-and-traction-performance-of-a-novel-zero-tiq0bcmzwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-design-flowchart-of-rc-cvt-1r6jzlec.png Figure 5 The design flowchart of RC-CVT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-relationship-between-and-of-ht-cvt-and-rc-cvt-31m7xs2g.png Figure 12 The relationship between 𝔱𝑖𝑛 and 𝐶𝑟 of HT-CVT and RC-CVT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-reference-frames-and-principal-curvature-radii-1is54qlk.png Figure 3 The reference frames and principal curvature radii for the rollers and conical disks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-design-flowchart-of-rc-cvt-e178vp3e.png Figure 4 The design flowchart of RC-CVT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-efficiency-of-the-cvts-as-a-function-of-the-3ic9k4lc.png Figure 11 The efficiency of the CVTs as a function of the creep coefficient 𝐶𝑟 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-efficiency-of-the-cvts-as-a-function-of-the-3ydw3mi6.png Figure 10 The efficiency of the CVTs as a function of the input traction coefficient 𝔱𝑖𝑛 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-spin-moment-as-a-function-of-input-traction-27z0gas5.png Figure 9 The spin moment 𝜒𝑖𝑛 as a function of input traction coefficient 𝔱𝑖𝑛 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-category-of-spin-loss-2zhgzcd0.png Table 1 Category of spin loss https://scispace.com/papers/designed-aromatic-homo-dipeptides-formation-of-ordered-2mn6lwkqum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ft-ir-analysis-the-secondary-structure-of-the-2wdsk250.png Figure 3. FT-IR analysis: the secondary structure of the studied dipeptides was analyzed from the second derivative of the infrared absorption spectra curve-fitting in the amide I region: (a) FT-IR spectra of the di-D-1-Nal assemblies indicated an anti-parallel β-sheet conformation along with α-helix motifs, (b) spectrum of the di-D-2-Nal tubular structures revealed an anti-parallel β-sheet conformation, (c) anti-parallel β-sheet conformation observed for the di-para-fluoro-Phe based tubular structures, (d) the wide tubular structures formed by the di-pentafluoro-Phe have a β-turns conformation, (e) anti-parallel β-sheet conformation observed for the di-para-iodo-Phe, (f ) the spectrum for the di-para-nitro-Phe peptide indicated on random structures or β-turns, (g) one small band correlated with an α-helix conformation and another significant band indicated on turns or β-strands was observed for the plate-like structures formed by the di-4-phenyl-Phe peptide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-model-for-the-formation-of-the-various-nvvi2ftm.png Figure 4. Schematic model for the formation of the various structures by the aromatic homo-dipeptides. Varying structures could be formed by alternative organization of the ordered layers. The specific organization of the layers could lead to tubular (single-walled or multiwalled), spherical, or fibrillar structures. Due to the geometrically-restricted interactions of the aromatic moieties and their complex hydrophobic and electrostatic nature, various changes in the electronic environment of the aromatic system in the context of very small peptide, can significantly affect the organization of the assembled formed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-molecular-structures-and-morphologies-yte9au2e.png Table 1. Summary of the molecular structures and morphologies of the assemblies formed by homo-dipeptides studied in the current study as well as previous ones. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transmission-electron-microscopy-tem-micrographs-of-vd8yroer.png Figure 1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of the studied homo-dipeptides (scale bar represents 100 nm): (a) the di-D-1-Nal peptide assembled into thin fibril structures, (b) tubular structures with a wider diameter arranged in bundles formed by the di-D-2-Nal, (c) addition of fluoro group in the context of the diphenylalanine peptide resulted in tubular assemblies formed by the di-para-fluoro-Phe peptide, (d) addition of five fluoro groups resulted in the formation of wide tubular structures with various widths and lengths by the di-pentafluoro-Phe peptide, (e) the di-para-iodo-Phe peptide self-assembled into tubular structures, (f ) spherical structures together with nanometric fibrillar structures were formed by the di-para-nitro-Phe peptide, (g) thin plate-like structures assembled by the di-4-phenyl-Phe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-the-studied-1n4v18j4.png Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of the studied peptides: (a) di-D-1-Nal, (b) di-D-2-Nal, (c) di-para-fluoro-Phe, (d) di-pentafluoroPhe, (e) di-para-iodo-Phe, (f ) di-para-nitro-Phe, (g) di-4-phenyl-Phe. https://scispace.com/papers/designing-bandwidth-efficient-stabilizing-control-servers-3sng1tobq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-proposed-approach-2w10x1io.png Figure 1. Overview of the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-worst-case-and-best-case-resource-allocation-2ljwrcyx.png Figure 5. Worst-case and best-case resource allocation scenarios for implicit deadline server. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphical-interpretation-of-the-nominal-delay-and-3cb395hp.png Figure 2. Graphical interpretation of the nominal delay and worst-case response-time jitter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-percentage-of-the-benchmarks-for-which-1mmnhbhr.png Figure 7. The percentage of the benchmarks for which stability of the control task associated with the harmonic server could not be guaranteed compared to the implicit deadline server. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-worst-case-and-best-case-resource-allocation-2gopggdh.png Figure 3. Worst-case and best-case resource allocation scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-server-supply-in-the-harmonic-case-6ptdlkh5.png Figure 6. Server supply in the harmonic case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-stability-curves-generated-by-the-jitter-margin-341sa0ja.png Figure 4. The stability curves generated by the Jitter Margin toolbox and their linear lower bounds (the area below the curves is the stable area). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-example-solution-to-the-server-design-problem-s6lh7607.png Table II EXAMPLE: SOLUTION TO THE SERVER DESIGN PROBLEM. https://scispace.com/papers/designing-digital-content-to-support-science-journalism-cpsjeq89oh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mixed-digital-and-paper-content-in-the-inquest-3mskinv5.png Figure 4: Mixed digital and paper content in the INQUEST first prototype, from left to right: the text editor sidebar view, the web application view, and the mixed digital and paper content presented to journalists. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-title-of-news-article-related-to-sea-level-rises-in-159gl31l.png Figure 2: Title of news article related to sea-level rises in Venice, published by CBS News, and EurekAlert service alert on sea-level rises and Venice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-inquest-sidebar-in-a-google-docs-text-editor-x1n74ln5.png Figure 5: The INQUEST sidebar in a Google Docs text editor, showing information cards and explanation sparks related to explaining protein in a new story about measles vaccines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-different-types-of-digital-information-source-15n2edhg.png Table 1. Different types of digital information source mentioned by the experts as used regularly as the starting point for the development of science-related stories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-titles-of-retrieved-peer-reviewed-publication-35gqvkhx.png Figure 1: Titles of retrieved peer-reviewed publication related to sea-level rises in Venice, published in Climate Dynamics, and article related to sea-level rises in Venice, published in Nature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-of-the-parameterized-explanation-sparks-17so2y55.png Table 2. Some of the parameterized explanation sparks designed for the first INQUEST prototype. When presented to journalists in the prototype, each spark was designed to associate an entity extracted from the current paper, article or story with one or more audience personas already selected by the journalist https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-textual-description-of-the-first-version-of-the-3fknu2v7.png Figure 3: Textual description of the first version of the Michelle persona, who is disengaged from science. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-inquest-web-application-prototype-displaying-2qplvpnx.png Figure 6: The INQUEST web application prototype displaying some of the audience personas, guidance about the Paul persona and people of similar age, and science communication metaphor content generated for it. https://scispace.com/papers/designing-resilient-networks-using-multicriteria-3q6ifwilnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-continued-14edjhk4.png Fig. 5 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-pareto-solutions-obtained-by-the-proposed-3sjdigce.png Fig. 1 Examples of Pareto solutions obtained by the proposed approach using Pareto dominance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-for-the-third-example-while-considering-i9v9f70t.png Fig. 6 Performance for the third example while considering the problem as multiobjective and using Pareto dominance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-solutions-obtained-for-the-europe-network-1b0dw9jx.png Fig. 2 Examples of solutions obtained for the Europe network benchmark. The source-destination pairs are (11,31) and (25,26) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-b-two-nondominated-solutions-obtained-by-considering-2v7ro3j1.png Fig. 5 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-network-model-with-65-nodes-and-108-2vvrvqv1.png Fig. 3 Experimental network model with 65 nodes and 108 connections https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-performance-of-the-objectives-cost-and-number-of-25j4k5q3.png Fig. 7 Performance of the objectives cost and number of common edges for the third example while considering the problem as multiobjective and using Pareto dominance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-d-four-nondominated-solutions-obtained-by-1c68ykb3.png Fig. 4 (a–d) Four nondominated solutions obtained by considering Pareto dominance relationship for the third example having 3 source nodes and 3 destination nodes given by the pairs: (24,45), (28,35), (7,46) https://scispace.com/papers/designing-indicators-for-assessing-the-effects-of-marine-29nh4wjk6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-expected-economic-effects-of-implementing-a-mpa-and-taqedk36.png Table 5. Expected economic effects of implementing a MPA, and variables measured to evidence these effects. References are presented according to type of contribution. In empirical studies, quantitative estimates obtained from data are provided. “Discussed in article” means that the subject is mentioned and discussed from a general and/or theoretical standpoint. Modelling studies present results from mathematical models to illustrate the subject. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-metrics-used-in-less-than-five-articles-for-each-29hvgob8.png Table 9. Metrics used in less than five articles, for each ecological effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-expected-economic-unpriced-effects-of-implementing-a-ioeqviu9.png Table 6. Expected economic unpriced effects of implementing a MPA, and variables measured to evidence these effects. References are presented according to type of contribution. All references provide quantitative estimates for studying the effect mentioned, except those in italics that only discuss the subject. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-effectiveness-of-metrics-used-in-the-literature-32jgi2ce.png Table 10. Effectiveness of metrics used in the literature. Descriptive uses of metrics were excluded from computations. Eff. means effectiveness. n is the number of articles from which the effectiveness was calculated (each article generally includes several uses of the metric). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-relevance-of-metrics-for-each-ecological-effect-as-116bam6c.png Table 8. Relevance of metrics for each ecological effect, as estimated by the total number of times (over articles) the metrics was used, and between parentheses the number of articles in which a given metrics was used. Only metrics used in more than five articles were reported. Biomass and density are respectively in weight per surface area and in numbers of individuals per surface area. Profiles refer to multivariate relative measures per species or species group (e.g. families). CPUE is either commercial or scientific. Common species are also termed important species, frequently observed species. Total refers to all species, although pelagic species and/or cryptic species are sometimes excluded. According to references, fishable species are termed fished species, commercial species, vulnerable species, target species, exploitable species or exploited species. Size range includes maximum size. Species stage includes age group, size group, maturity group. Total species richness either refers to total fish, or total invertebrates, or total algae depending on effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-management-objectives-for-marine-protected-areas-mpa-1rlgnd53.png Table 1. Management objectives for marine protected areas (MPA), as listed from the literature. Objectives linked to resolution of conflicts between different users groups were not reported. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-expected-mpa-effects-at-population-level-and-9mwsl563.png Table 2. Expected MPA effects at population level, and variables measured to evidence these effects. Expected effects were listed from the references listed from review articles quoted at the beginning of Sect. 2.1. Variables measured were listed from the articles cited. LHT stands for Life History Traits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-social-effects-of-implementing-mpas-key-factors-of-f0qavcwe.png Table 7. Social effects of implementing MPAs, key factors of success, and variables measured to evidence of these effects. All references provide quantitative estimates for studying the effect mentioned, except those in italics that only discuss the subject. https://scispace.com/papers/designing-robust-liner-shipping-schedules-optimizing-4eyzpfju4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-optimal-recovery-policy-under-the-optimized-schedule-121d5can.png Table 5: Optimal recovery policy under the optimized schedule https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-characteristics-of-the-solutions-of-the-di-erent-1hgdablg.png Table 6: Characteristics of the solutions of the di erent methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cost-of-performing-recovery-actions-32u1dzth.png Table 2: Cost of performing recovery actions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-cost-per-port-and-computational-times-for-2z1f5khr.png Table 3: Average cost per port and computational times for the di erent methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-delay-and-bu-er-time-distribution-for-the-2gdivhx0.png Table 4: Average delay and bu er time distribution for the current and optimized route schedule https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-route-mi8shk6z.png Table 1: Characteristics of the route https://scispace.com/papers/designing-the-next-generation-of-activity-trackers-for-28j6uobk3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-interview-questions-35hl8jma.png Table 1: The interview questions. https://scispace.com/papers/designing-work-for-inclusiveness-4i0tr1m837 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-yellow-logistics-operations-green-assembly-operations-598y7368.png Fig 1: Yellow: logistics operations; Green: assembly operations: Orange: wiring the fuse box; Blue: testing, and preparing the fuse box for shipping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-representation-of-the-redesign-approach-191axmbq.png Fig 1: Yellow: logistics operations; Green: assembly operations: Orange: wiring the fuse box; Blue: testing, and preparing the fuse box for shipping. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-it-is-important-to-notice-that-the-colours-1rfr7e8c.png Fig 2: It is important to notice that the colours (representing various operations) are now neatly organized; this implies saving of time for the technicians (less walking) https://scispace.com/papers/detailed-modelling-of-a-moving-heat-source-using-multigrid-2gqm3n23ur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-multisource-configuration-1ztku7pp.png Figure 10: Multisource configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-comparison-between-analytical-and-numerical-2ntgh7dy.png Figure 9: (a)Comparison between analytical and numerical solutions for increasing Peclet number. (b)Error between analytical and numerical solution for Pe=1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-the-physical-domain-and-coordinate-1fknis6s.png Figure 1: Description of the physical domain and coordinate system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-t-x-00-pe-for-different-source-radii-with-pe-100-3phpa90h.png Figure 13: T̄ (X,0,0)* √ Pe for different source radii with Pe=100, 10, 2, 1 top to bottom https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-t-x-y-0-z-for-a-peclet-number-of-1-r-1-3-1-4-1-8-3t7qkv93.png Figure 14: T (X,Y = 0, Z) for a Peclet number of 1, r=1/3, 1/4, 1/8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-temperature-distribution-for-a-unit-huyjprf3.png Figure 5: Numerical temperature distribution for a unit square flux, unit disk flux, disk flux with Q(X,Y) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heat-transfer-stencil-2g0bevu0.png Figure 2: Heat transfer stencil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-t-x-00-for-a-peclet-number-of-1-solutions-for-r-1-2x1sruqq.png Figure 11: T(X,0,0) for a Peclet number of 1. Solutions for r=1/8,1/4,1/3 and a unit disk are plotted top to bottom. https://scispace.com/papers/detailed-potentiometric-study-of-al3-and-cr3-with-malic-acid-3p6a798muj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-triplicate-titrations-of-free-malic-acid-free-cr-3-3b07ki1k.png Figure 3: Triplicate titrations of free malic acid, Free Cr 3+ , and Cr 3+ : malic acid in 1:1 ratio. Equivaelnt (eq.) is number of mmoles of titrant per mmoles of Cr 3+ . The inset shows the number of eq. of the 1:1 titration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-titration-curves-of-free-malic-acid-free-cr-3-frj3clsy.png Figure 2: Titration curves of free malic acid, free Cr 3+ solution, and that Cr 3+ : malic in 1:1 ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-references-from-the-literature-not-the-full-2z3mpo2c.png Table 2: Selected References from the Literature (Not the Full List) for Various Metal Ions in Different Oxidation States with Malate/Other Hydroxy Carboxylates that Formed the Dimer Complexes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-speciation-diagram-of-free-malic-showing-the-pka-15m8phly.png Figure 1: Speciation diagram of free malic showing the pKa values of the two carboxylates. Total mmoles of acid is = 0.2 mmoles at 25˚C, pKw = 13.78 from Ref. no. [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-exact-number-of-protons-released-into-the-19lktc0h.png Table 1: The Exact Number of Protons Released into the Aqueous Solutions from the Reactions of Al 3+ : Malic Acid in Different Molar Ratios. Also Shown are the Number of Protons Titrated from the Free Al 3+ and Free Malic Acid as Standards https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-linear-regression-of-the-observed-ph-values-with-3f55ugg1.png Figure 4: Linear regression of the observed pH-values with total solution potential in millivolts of the Al 3+ : malic acid in 1:3 ratio in triplicate. https://scispace.com/papers/detailed-phytochemical-characterization-and-bioactive-1zvdlqym46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-antibacterial-activity-of-m-nivelii-leaves-flfhlw80.png Table 4 Antibacterial activity of M. nivelii leaves https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cytotoxic-properties-of-m-nivelii-leaves-in-human-ty1pthys.png Table 3 Cytotoxic properties of M. nivelii leaves in human tumor cell lines and non-tumor liver primary cells https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-astroturf-lobbying-movements-2aac0ouxwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-most-prominent-words-distinguishing-clusters-in-the-2zmsf6jk.png Table 1. Most prominent words distinguishing clusters in the US hydraulic fracturing debate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mapping-of-the-interest-groups-according-to-their-uc14nsgh.png Figure 2. Mapping of the interest groups according to their type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-interest-groups-classified-by-frames-29h94v4q.png Table 2. List of interest groups classified by frames. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-astroturf-groups-in-the-us-hydraulic-fracturing-2lhexe4b.png Figure 3. Astroturf groups in the US hydraulic fracturing debate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correspondence-analysis-presenting-the-most-3gtdsju7.png Figure 1. Correspondence analysis presenting the most frequent words in the US hydraulic fracturing debate. https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-critical-configuration-of-six-points-1iw4geddaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-some-image-data-denoted-as-di-i-1-8-where-m2-and-m5-vhim3a1t.png Fig. 1. Some image data, denoted as Di, i = 1..8, where m2 and m5 are very close in D7 and D8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-real-image-of-a-calibration-grid-where-mi-i-1-6-are-s2zmqxta.png Fig. 2. A real image of a calibration grid, where mi, i = 1..6 are the image points from Gmin and Gmin is the group of six pairs of space and image points with the minimal value of the criterion function f https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-values-i1-i2-under-different-noise-levels-3i5pgg7j.png Table 1. The values I1, I2 under different noise levels https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-microstructural-deviations-in-individuals-with-tw72z8x230 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-focal-cortical-dysplasia-anomaly-detection-patient-1-a-3kdnbqah.png Fig. 4 | Focal cortical dysplasia anomaly detection (patient 1). a, the t2 hyperintense lesion, located at the base of the skull in the temporal lobe, is shown. b–d, Several pathways with anomalies interdigitate in the vicinity of the lesion. Although the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (c; IFOF with RISH0 colormap overlayed and the 20 along-tract sections underlayed) signal did not extend beyond the shaded areas (d; ±1 z-score), the proposed anomaly https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-emotional-expression-in-face-to-face-and-online-ig42h9u83n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-medical-characteristics-for-primary-20f76cmp.png Table 1 Demographic and Medical Characteristics for Primary Breast Cancer Patients Participating in F2F Breast Cancer Support Groups (N 20) and in TWC OSGs (N 16) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-type-of-coding-measurement-by-study-question-omyldmee.png Table 2 Type of Coding Measurement by Study Question https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spearman-correlations-among-emotion-categories-for-2vf0ish7.png Table 4 Spearman Correlations Among Emotion Categories for Specific Affect for Breast Cancer Video (Percent Time) and Specific Affect for Text (Percent Time) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-spearman-correlations-between-spaff-video-coding-and-2umq2rgs.png Table 5 Spearman Correlations Between SPAFF Video Coding and SPAFF Text Word Count With LIWC Affect Categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphed-are-box-and-whisker-plots-for-each-summary-2ri28uvt.png Figure 1. Graphed are box-and-whisker plots for each summary measure of each affect coded for Study 1 from videotape (Specific Affect for Breast Cancer) and transcripts of the videotapes (Specific Affect for Text): video percent time, transcript percent time, and transcript percent word count. Bottom line on whisker the smallest observation; bottom line on box lower quartile; middle line on box median; top line on box upper quartile; top line on whisker largest observation; circles mild outlier; stars extreme outlier. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-median-25th-and-75th-percentiles-for-specific-affect-230fkkem.png Table 3 Median, 25th, and 75th Percentiles for Specific Affect Summary Codes for Videotape and Text in Women With Primary Breast Cancer (N 20) https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-imbalances-in-house-prices-what-goes-up-must-come-3mn5mc4aaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-trace-test-for-cointegration-rac40i2k.png Table B.1: Trace test for cointegration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-panel-a-forecasts-dotted-red-against-actual-house-1ov6cz88.png Figure 3: Panel a) Forecasts (dotted red) against actual house price growth (black) for the US. Green fans show 95 percent confidence intervals, 2000q1–2014q4. Panel b) Forecasts (dotted red) against actual house price growth (black) for Finland. Green fans show 95 percent confidence intervals, 2000q1–2011q4. Panel c) Forecasts (dotted red) against actual house price growth (black) for the Norway. Green fans show 95 percent confidence intervals, 2000q1–2014q4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-variable-definitions-and-data-sources-3jb1ec5c.png Table A.1: Variable definitions and data sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-panel-a-bubble-indicator-for-the-us-2000q1-2014q4-3l8brrxw.png Figure 4: Panel a) Bubble indicator for the US, 2000q1–2014q4. Panel b) Bubble indicator for Finland, 2000q1–2011q4. Panel c) Bubble indicator for Norway, 2000q1–2014q4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-panel-a-recursively-estimated-long-run-coefficients-rg6gqlfu.png Figure 1: Panel a) Recursively estimated long-run coefficients for the US with 95 percent confidence intervals, 1996q1–1999q4. Panel b) Recursively estimated long-run coefficients for Finland with 95 percent confidence intervals, 1996q1–1999q4. Panel c) Recursively estimated long-run coefficients for Norway with 95 percent confidence intervals, 1996q1– 1999q4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-panel-a-test-for-transition-to-explosivity-for-the-3r1olsbq.png Figure 5: Panel a) Test for transition to explosivity for the US, 2000q1–2014q4. Panel b) Test for transition to explosivity for Finland, 2000q1–2011q4. Panel c) Test for transition to explosivity for Norway, 2000q1–2014q4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-panel-a-implied-equilibrium-value-dotted-red-nm8dds1f.png Figure 2: Panel a) Implied equilibrium value (dotted red) against actual house prices (solid black) for the US, 2000q1–2014q4. Panel b) Implied equilibrium value (dotted red) against actual house prices (solid black) for Finland, 2000q1–2011q4. Panel c) Implied equilibrium value (dotted red) against actual house prices (solid black) for Norway, 2000q1–2014q4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-from-recursive-cvar-analysis-based-on-3jlv2bto.png Table 1: Results from recursive CVAR analysis based on inverted demand approach https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-social-groups-from-space-assessment-of-remote-17axc5ph7u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-examples-of-the-mapped-slum-blocks-of-favelas-3rgof3bi.png Fig. 2. (a) Examples of the mapped slum blocks of favelas/invasoes (white outlines) in Rio de Janeiro and (b) estimated classes of building density (shown as percentages). These classes were subsequently consolidated into three classes: (b-1) 0%-40%; (b-2) 40%-60%; (b-3) 60%-80%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-box-plots-visualizing-the-distribution-of-the-pitg2ai4.png Fig. 4. Box plots visualizing the distribution of the household income for varying types of urban morphology (morphological slums, formal urban development), density and number of storeys. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characteristic-morphology-of-slum-areas-in-different-2c76dqif.png Fig. 1: Characteristic morphology of slum areas in different cities in the world, embedded in formally developed urban neighborhoods: Khayelitsha (Cape Town), Kibera (Nairobi), Dharavi (Mumbai) and Paraisópolis (Sao Paulo). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-agreement-disagreement-between-mapped-2va1i20z.png Fig. 3. Examples of agreement/disagreement between mapped morphological slums (yellow) and census slums (red). Mutual overlap between both data is with grey background. (a): displays variations in ambiguous slum block outlines and apparent non-slum areas which are comprised by the census slum blocks; (b): displays large natural areas comprised by census slum blocks; (c): visualizes the slum category “Loteamenton” in the census slums which cannot be distinguished from formal urban development in direct spatial vicinity solely based on morphological criteria. https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-resonant-tidal-excitations-of-rossby-modes-in-3fyijckjnq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-summary-of-the-effect-of-including-r-mode-1pyeiyz4.png TABLE VIII. Summary of the effect of including r-mode resonance in parameter constraints. The second column gives the best fractional errors for Ξ and λ̄sðaÞf achievable when we vary ψ1 and Ωs1. These fractional errors are generally improved relative to those achievable including only PN effects. In the third and forth columns, we list the best and worst improvement factors for each parameter, as we vary ψ1 and Ωs1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-bns-system-m1-m2-with-two-spin-vectors-s1-and-s2-the-3pdd8j8s.png FIG. 1. A BNS system m1 −m2 with two spin vectors S⃗1 and S⃗2. The neutron stars’ spin axes are tilted by angles ψ1;2 with respect to the direction of the orbital angular momentum L⃗. Here the azimuthal angle of the spins is unimportant, because the effect of precession is negligible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comoving-coordinate-system-dx-y-zth-that-centers-at-1ogfk7fg.png FIG. 2. A comoving coordinate system ðx; y; zÞ that centers at m1. The companion NSm2 orbits aroundm1, whose orbital plane intersects with the x-z plane at N⃗ and intersects with the x-y plane at the y axis. The orbital phase ϕðtÞ is the angle between N⃗ and the location of m2, z⃗. The orbital angular momentum L⃗ is in the x-z plane, with polar angle ψ1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-several-eoss-for-nss-used-in-this-paper-2icw0cdc.png FIG. 5. Several EOSs for NSs used in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ns-mass-radius-relation-with-different-eoss-2aozcnez.png FIG. 6. NS mass-radius relation with different EOSs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-i-love-and-ir-love-universal-relations-for-several-1880yvjd.png FIG. 7. The I-Love and Īr-Love universal relations for several EOSs, as well as the fitting formulas in Eq. (52). The bottom two plots are fractional errors between true values and fitted results; errors of both relations are within 10−2 for λ̄f ranging from Oð1Þ to Oð104Þ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-noise-spectral-density-of-the-ce-2d5idjo1.png FIG. 9. The noise spectral density of the CE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-same-as-fig-11-but-with-the-fps-eos-the-constraints-26ltd98t.png FIG. 21. Same as Fig. 11, but with the FPS EOS. The constraints are worse than those for GM1 by a factor of ∼2.6–2.7. https://scispace.com/papers/detecting-the-moment-of-learning-4mombne40p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-machine-learned-model-of-the-probability-of-3edajijc.png Table 1. The machine learned model of the probability of learning at a specific moment. In the unusual case where output values fall outside the range {0,1}, they are bounded to 0 or 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-relatively-spiky-graph-of-a-students-performance-on-3p4xmnf8.png Fig. 1. A relatively “spiky” graph of a student’s performance on a specific skill, indicating eureka learning (left), and a relatively smooth graph, indicating more gradual learning (right). The X axis shows how many problem steps have involved the current skill, and the Y axis shows values of P(J). https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-electric-quadrupole-transitions-in-water-vapour-53d8xhqpuq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-absorption-line-list-of-h216o-at-296-k-clce52ye.png Fig. 1 Overview of the absorption line list of H216O at 296 K. The calculated electric-quadrupole spectrum [20] (wine circles) is superimposed to the calculated electric-dipole spectrum (grey circles). The red and blue triangles highlight the quadrupole transitions experimentally measured in this work by FTS and in Ref. [20] by CRDS, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-in-the-1800-2100-cm-1-region-a-globar-was-used-as-1h0ytf9e.png Table 1. In the 1800–2100 cm-1 region, a globar was used as light source and the transmitted light intensity was measured with a liquid nitrogen cooled MCT detector. The values of the pressure and pathlength are similar to those of the 2.5 µm region. The cell temperature during the recordings was higher (28.5 °C). A total of 8220 interferograms were co-added, leading to a noise equivalent absorption coefficient (min≈ 5×10-9 cm-1) and a detectivity threshold (2×10-27 cm/molecule) about twice higher than in the 2.5 µm region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermodynamic-and-technical-conditions-of-the-62tgljyh.png Table 1. In the 1800–2100 cm-1 region, a globar was used as light source and the transmitted light intensity was measured with a liquid nitrogen cooled MCT detector. The values of the pressure and pathlength are similar to those of the 2.5 µm region. The cell temperature during the recordings was higher (28.5 °C). A total of 8220 interferograms were co-added, leading to a noise equivalent absorption coefficient (min≈ 5×10-9 cm-1) and a detectivity threshold (2×10-27 cm/molecule) about twice higher than in the 2.5 µm region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assignment-transition-frequencies-and-intensities-of-1i0n0ce9.png Table 2 Assignment, transition frequencies, and intensities of the electric-quadrupole lines of H216O measured near 5.4 and 2.5 µm and comparison with theoretical values [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-predicted-electric-12t5fzxu.png Fig. 4 Examples of predicted electric- https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-disbonds-in-multi-layer-structures-by-laser-flpgq20mwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-indication-of-position-of-lines-11-and-22-along-32ejrw47.png FIGURE 12 Indication of position of lines 11 and 22 along which Sample #1 was cut. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-position-and-size-in-scale-of-defects-ktjkybie.png FIGURE 1 Layout, position, and size (in scale) of defects inserted in Sample #1 at the (a) first and at the (b) second adhesive layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-domain-waveforms-acquired-in-sample-1-in-pitch-4f3b9n0l.png FIGURE 4 Time domain waveforms acquired in Sample #1 in pitch-catch configuration with 1 MHz probe, representative of well-bonded area (left) and of zone with inserts D1=D2 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-domain-waveforms-acquired-in-sample-1-in-pitch-d623hmgk.png FIGURE 5 Time domain waveforms acquired in Sample #1 in pitch-catch configuration with 2 MHz probe, representative of well-bonded area (left) and of zone with inserts D1=D2 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-time-domain-waveforms-acquired-in-sample-2-in-lqft6uo7.png FIGURE 10 Time domain waveforms acquired in Sample #2 in pitch-catch configuration with 1 MHz probe, representative of well-bonded areas. Peakto-peak amplitude variation is within 7%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-layout-position-and-size-in-scale-of-defects-2ehvzxt9.png FIGURE 2 Layout, position, and size (in scale) of defects inserted in Sample #2 at the (a) first and at the (b) second adhesive layer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-velocity-of-longitudinal-wave-and-acoustic-impedance-2bsyaiv4.png TABLE 3 Velocity of Longitudinal Wave and Acoustic Impedance for Some Materials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-normalized-amplitude-spectrum-of-signals-acquired-1o501ch8.png FIGURE 9 Normalized amplitude spectrum of signals, acquired in Sample #2 in pitch-catch configuration with 1 MHz probe, representative of wellbonded area and of zone with inserts (E1=E2, F, G, H1=H2). https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-leishmania-dna-in-saliva-among-patients-with-3r5pcfw47j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-patients-according-to-the-results-swlwcj8g.png Table 3: Characteristics of patients according to the results of three diagnostic methods for Leishmania infection: i) Antibody detection 9 using Direct Agglutination test (DAT); ii) DNA detection by the nested-PCR-ITS1 using buffy coat and iii) DNA detection by the nested-10 PCR-ITS1 using saliva 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristics-of-31-patients-who-presented-r3zd5int.png Table 4: Characteristics of 31 patients, who presented positive results for Leishmania 13 infection by the nested-PCR-ITS1 using saliva and/or the nested-PCR-ITS1 using buffy 14 coat including DAT titer, CD4 level, opportunistic infection, viral load and IVDUs, are 15 shown 16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitivity-and-specificity-by-the-nested-pcr-its1-fe6gyd2d.png Table 2: Sensitivity and specificity by the nested-PCR-ITS1 using buffy coat (BF) and saliva 6 (SL) specimens 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-of-leishmania-dna-detection-by-the-1x0mr8we.png Table 1: The results of Leishmania DNA detection by the nested-PCR-ITS1 using saliva (SL), 1 and the nested-PCR-ITS1 using buffy coat (BF) including antibody detection using the Direct 2 Agglutination Test (DAT), n (%) 3 https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-multiple-change-points-in-multivariate-time-o1480cd2nv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schwarz-criteria-above-the-series-of-returns-on-37rbba4b.png Figure 4: Schwarz criteria. Above: The series of returns on FTSE 100 with the estimated change–points represented by vertical lines; Below: The series of returns on S&P 500 with the estimated change–points represented by vertical lines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adaptive-detection-above-the-series-of-returns-on-3hjmdqqp.png Figure 3: Adaptive detection. Above: The series of returns on FTSE 100 with the estimated change– points represented by vertical lines; Below: The series of returns on S&P 500 with the estimated change– points represented by vertical lines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-above-the-series-r1-t-with-the-estimated-change-sljdby7w.png Figure 7: Above: The series r1,t with the estimated change–points represented by vertical lines; Middle: The series r2,t with the estimated change–points represented by vertical lines; Below: the series kt with the estimated change–points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ftse-100-and-s-p-500-indices-intervals-of-the-1b7klnfw.png Table 7: FTSE 100 and S&P 500 indices: intervals of the penalization parameter and the P -values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ftse-100-and-s-p500-indices-adaptive-detection-with-1plfjslt.png Figure 2: FTSE 100 and S&P500 indices: adaptive detection with α = 10−7. Above: the contrast sequence {JK , 1 6 K 6 30}; Below: • : the contrast sequence {JK , 6 6 K 6 30}; − : the fitted model for {JK , 6 6 K 6 30}; ∗ : the predicted value of J5 with this fitted model https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-number-of-detected-change-points-using-the-2otvhdwi.png Table 6: Average number of detected change–points using the adaptive method for n = 100 (based on 5000 replications). Standard errors are between parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-number-of-detected-change-points-and-their-1gor0jx4.png Table 4: Average number of detected change–points and their location using the adaptive method, n = 500, τ1 = 200, τ2 = 350 (based on 5000 replications). Standard errors are between parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-number-of-detected-change-points-and-their-t6u6dryr.png Table 5: Average number of detected change–points and their location using the adaptive method, n = 1000, τ1 = 400, τ2 = 700 (based on 5000 replications). Standard errors are between parentheses https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-ph-variation-using-modified-microcantilever-1edhg1gx1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bending-responses-of-unmodified-cantilevers-as-a-2b4rqfmv.png Fig. 2. Bending responses of unmodified cantilevers as a function of pH: (a) silicon nitride (Au/Si3N4) cantilever; (b) silicon (Au/SiO2) microcantilever. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bending-response-of-the-11-mercaptoundecanoic-acid-1tstwxxm.png Fig. 5. Bending response of the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid coated HOOC(CH2)11SH/Au microcantilever as a function of pH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-ph-response-region-and-deflection-sensitivity-nm-1ul48crk.png Fig. 6. The pH response region and deflection sensitivity (nm/pH) of different cantilevers used in these experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-of-the-fluid-cell-and-the-cantilever-ao4ypyno.png Fig. 1. The schematic of the fluid cell and the cantilever deflection measurement system used in this experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bending-response-square-solid-line-of-the-4-da3jfdep.png Fig. 4. Bending response (square, solid line) of the 4-aminobutyltriethoxysilan coated (NH2-silane/Au) microcantilever as a function of pH. The contact angle vs. pH profile is also plotted for comparison (circle, dotted line [20]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bending-response-of-the-aluminum-oxide-coated-au-sio2-2acw6iur.png Fig. 3. Bending response of the aluminum oxide coated Au/SiO2 microcantilever as a function of pH. https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-plant-responses-to-drought-using-close-range-45y4mexc7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rgb-image-and-cluster-map-from-a-maize-plant-at-the-sjr9s12a.png Fig. 2: RGB image and cluster map from a maize plant at the V13 growing stage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-f-value-obtained-from-the-band-selection-procedure-vj3epadd.png Fig. 4: The F -value obtained from the band selection procedure. The threshold was set at 70% of the maximum F value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-different-water-treatments-applied-to-maize-36fdfyav.png Fig. 1: Four different water treatments applied to maize plants, showing the level of soil water content over the entire developmental period indicated by the V-stage, which represents here the number of developed plant leaves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-spectral-distance-throughout-the-1ch6rjrs.png Fig. 3: Evolution of the spectral distance throughout the drought stress experiment. Plants grew from the V2 until the V18-stage. https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-new-mycobacterium-leprae-subtype-in-bangladesh-5453o2g520 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phylogeography-of-m-leprae-strains-maximum-22g063x5.png FIGURE 2 | Phylogeography of M. leprae strains. Maximum parsimony tree of 259 genomes of M. leprae built in MEGA 7. Support values were obtained by bootstrapping 500 replicates. Branch lengths are proportional to nucleotide substitutions. The tree is rooted using M. lepromatosis. The strains from Bangladesh are shown in red and their exact organization in the tree is shown in the two zoomed sections of the genotypes 1A-B and 1D. Strains with an A at SNP61425 in the esxA gene are shown in green. The specific 1B-Bangladesh genotype/cluster of Bangladesh strains is shown in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-m-leprae-genotypes-identified-in-bangladesh-12daeu29.png TABLE 1 | M. leprae genotypes identified in Bangladesh. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anti-pgl-i-igm-positivity-1g6dwblz.png TABLE 3 | Anti-PGL-I IgM positivity. https://scispace.com/papers/detection-of-radio-interference-attacks-in-vanet-10zl15g3up 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measure-the-correlation-coefficient-as-a-function-of-2sni314q.png Fig. 2. Measure the Correlation Coefficient as a function of packet size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-simulated-vehicular-ad-hoc-network-3tn228ih.png TABLE I PARAMETERS OF THE SIMULATED VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-measure-the-correlation-coefficient-as-a-function-of-26re2yqt.png Fig. 1. Measure the Correlation Coefficient as a function of the number of vehicles. https://scispace.com/papers/detention-the-war-on-terror-and-the-federal-courts-5fk3k65vl3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-from-daniel-p-mears-evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-3h3yxfac.png Table 1 from Daniel P. Mears, Evaluating the Effectiveness of Supermax Prisons 74 app. tbl.1 (2006), originally published as Table 1 in Roy D. King, The Rise and Rise of Supermax: An American Solution in Search of a Problem?, 1 Punishment & Soc’y 163, 175 tbl.1 (1999), reproduced with the permission of Professors Mears and King. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3ttxlh16.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-7a1dkjst.png FIGURE 7 https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-corporate-default-a-bma-approach-4dyahjhpxs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bma-determinants-of-firm-default-2h3ahbfc.png Table 1: BMA Determinants of Firm Default https://scispace.com/papers/detective-quantum-efficiency-of-the-medipix-pixel-detector-3o9wjtsv20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectrum-of-x-ray-source-used-incident-on-device-6wv95p4o.png Fig. 1. Spectrum of X-ray source used (incident on device). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-equation-for-a-line-spread-function-fitted-by-least-3vxm9vdn.png Fig. 4. Equation for a line spread function fitted, by least squares, to the counts data of the slit image. The coefficients as used for the MTF calculation were found to be: 20272, 0.0547, 8245, and 0.0432 fora , a , a , anda , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectrum-detected-by-the-300-m-silicon-detector-medium-1ffd2n8k.png Fig. 3. Spectrum detected by the 300 m silicon detector medium. The intensity is to the same scale as the incident spectrum graph earlier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-absorption-efficiency-of-300-m-of-silicon-at-the-9gkikpr0.png Fig. 2. Absorption Efficiency of 300 m of silicon at the energies present in the source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-total-detective-quantum-efficiency-of-the-system-2yfvmrb1.png Fig. 7. The total detective quantum efficiency of the system against spatial frequency. The line is a least squares fit to the data points using the equation: DQE= A sinc (f l). The values for the maximum, A, and pixel pitch, l, are found to be 0.1184 0.0010 and 0.1678 0.0024, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/detection-tracking-and-event-localization-of-interesting-iect42g7jp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-successive-time-steps-of-a-jet-stream-segmentation-28tf5hmf.png Fig. 5. Two successive time steps of a jet stream segmentation at 18:00 UTC, 22 January 2007 (left) and 00:00 UTC, 23 January 2007 (right). The red highlighted region in the panel on the right indicates the location of a merging event. At the previous time step (see panel on the left) the two jet stream features were still separated. All non-event samples are shaded according to the wind speeds at their respective positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-isentropic-potential-vorticity-on-315-k-colors-in-pvu-14u7vtcf.png Fig. 4. Isentropic potential vorticity on 315 K (colors, in pvu) and wind speed on 315 K (black contours for 40, 50, and 60 m s−1) and on 350 K (orange contours for 40, 50, and 60 m s−1) at (a) 12:00 UTC, 20 January 2007,(b) 12:00 UTC, 21 January 2007,(c) 18:00 UTC, 22 January 2007, and( ) 00:00 UTC, 23 January 2007. The 2-pvu contour denotes the dynamical tropopause. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-histograms-relating-the-size-to-the-lifetime-of-jet-1uq33fqq.png Fig. 8. Histograms relating the size to the lifetime of jet stream sub-segments in the North Atlantic (left) and North Pacific (right) region, respectively. The colors represent the number of sub-segments of the years 2007 and 2008. The size of each sub-segment is approximated by the sum of the cosines of the latitudes of the corresponding grid points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-dimensional-example-of-the-applied-steps-for-qahjo6z5.png Fig. 3. Two-dimensional example of the applied steps for localizing a merging event. In the top-left picture, gray grid points indicate the location of the merged feature at time step. Red and green grid points indicate the initial location of the separated features at the previous time stept−1. Grid points with the tag “1” mark the positions where the red and gray features overlap. Grid points with the tag “2” indicate positions where the green and gray features overlap. The pictures to the right and below show the second step of the first growing phase and the final tagging, respectively. Newly tagged regions are depicted in red and green, the positions where both regions touch are indicated by the tag “M” on yellow background. The picture at the bottom-right shows the final state at the end of the second growing phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-year-climatology-of-the-spatial-distribution-of-3hqr5xu4.png Fig. 7. Two-year climatology of the spatial distribution of (left) jet stream merging and (right) jet stream splitting events. Values indicate the event frequencies (in %). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-part-of-an-example-event-graph-of-a-single-4-d-segment-2ukzxoul.png Fig. 2. Part of an example event graph of a single 4-D-segment. Nodes are depicted by ellipses including shapes of the corresponding 3-D-features. Connecting edges are depicted by arrows, dashed lines indicate the border between features of different time steps. The green ellipse indicates a genesis event, and the red ellipse a lysis event. https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-demand-for-private-supplementary-tutoring-in-18lxddafu8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-sampling-and-data-collection-of-cfps-1e5qydfs.png Figure 1: Flow Chart of Sampling and Data Collection of CFPS Baseline Survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-about-probability-and-2a5qp06v.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics about probability and expenditures on private tutoring https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-student-sample-2wyjo8m6.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of student sample https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-epidemiologic-transition-in-rural-africa-the-7bt31rcjno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-causes-of-death-during-2003-to-2011-as-registered-by-369o77ei.png Table 2. Causes of death during 2003 to 2011 as registered by verbal autopsy https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-the-decline-in-fertility-2002-to-1d0qyyhy.png Table 4. Determinants of the decline in fertility (2002 to 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-research-area-in-the-garu-tempane-haebd06n.png Figure 1. Map of the research area in the Garu-Tempane district in the Upper East region of Ghana. Large purple circles denote improved drinking water sources, while large green circles denote unimproved drinking water sources. Small circles denote households and their colours indicate their primary drinking water source (improved or unimproved). Geographical and hydrological data were provided by the Centre for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (CERGIS), University of Ghana in Legon, Accra, Ghana. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-decline-in-fertility-2002-to-2011-in-a-the-general-tq42qjiz.png Figure 4. Decline in fertility (2002 to 2011). In (A) the general fertility rate as the number of births per 1000 men or women aged 19 to 44 over calendar years is shown, while in (B) the child-adult ratio as the number of children aged up to 5 years per 1000 men or women aged 19 to 49 over calendar years is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-population-2002-2011-2b7ol57e.png Table 1. Characteristics of the study population (2002–2011) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-sex-specific-distributions-of-age-groups-of-3ty31sxf.png Figure 2. The sex-specific distributions of age groups of individuals in the study population in 2002 (upper pyramid) and 2011 (lower pyramid). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-decline-in-mortality-2002-to-2011-in-a-age-wayfbcrn.png Figure 3. Decline in mortality (2002 to 2011). In (A) age-standardised sex-specific mortality rates per 100 000 person-years (py) over calendar years are shown. In (B) the relative causes of death, classified as infectious or non-infectious, over calendar years as determined by verbal autopsy are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-the-decline-in-mortality-2002-to-23yty5pk.png Table 3. Determinants of the decline in mortality (2002 to 2011) https://scispace.com/papers/determinants-of-human-development-index-a-cross-country-fye1wbj9jg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-regression-analysis-1k5g9a0q.png Figure 4.2 [Regression Analysis] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-human-development-index-classification-and-mean-vfwmofe9.png Figure 4.1 [Human development Index classification and mean value of determinants] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-hdi-three-dimensions-and-four-indicators-1ggw22bg.png Figure 2.1 [HDI: Three dimensions and four indicators] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-analysis-of-human-development-index-region-wise-3421i81v.png Figure 4.3 [Analysis of Human development Index region wise] https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-absolute-o-3p-and-o2-a1-d-g-densities-and-2jm2jt6xy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-o2-a-1g-n-mole-fraction-and-b-o2-a-1g-o2-x-3g-2ggstedx.png Figure 9. (a) [O2(a 1g)]/N mole fraction and (b) [O2(a 1g)]/[O2(X 3g -)] ratio in discharge as function of pressure for different currents. The solid squares are data from VUV absorption measurements, the open squares are from IR emission. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measured-absorption-cross-section-of-ground-state-2plisttt.png Figure 2. Measured absorption cross-section of ground state O2(X 3g -) in the long-wavelength shoulder of the Schumann-Runge band at 323 K. The arrows indicate the photon energies used for different pressures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-o-3p-atom-loss-frequency-q-o-in-the-early-afterglow-3o1s2jrx.png Figure 8. O(3P) atom loss frequency q O in the early afterglow (open symbols; q O obtained from O2(X 3g -) recovery dynamics) and in the active discharge (solid symbols; q O obtained by timeresolved actinometry) as function of pressure for different currents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-o-3p-n-mole-fraction-and-b-o-3p-o2-x-3g-ratio-in-30tuackb.png Figure 10. (a) [O(3P)]/N mole fraction and (b) [O(3P)]/[O2(X 3g -)] ratio in the active discharge as a function of pressure for different currents. The solid squares are obtained from the VUV absorption measurements. The crosses present thee results of actinometry for the 777 nm and 844 nm lines of O atoms, multiplied by a factor of 4.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-o2-a-1g-loss-frequency-in-the-late-afterglow-2os94tln.png Figure 5. The O2(a 1g) loss frequency in the late afterglow obtained from the IR emission decay as function of pressure for different currents. The O2(a 1g) loss frequency determined from the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-dynamics-of-o-3p-n-o2-a-1g-n-and-o2-x-3g-n-mole-1texc8px.png Figure 11. Dynamics of [O(3P)]/N, [O2(a 1g)]/N and [O2(X 3g -)]/N mole fractions in the discharge afterglow for 1 Torr, 10 mA (a) and 4 Torr, 40 mA (b). Solid lines are from the model. Points are experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-measured-o2-a-1g-ir-emission-spectra-1xgn4trz.png Figure 3. Examples of measured O2(a 1g) IR emission spectra for different pressures at a current of 20 mA. The spectral resolution is ~0.55 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-showing-the-dc-discharge-set-up-1jeaki7l.png Figure 1. Experimental setup showing the DC discharge set-up connected to the DESIRS VUV beamline (for VUV absorption measurements), along with the other diagnostics. PMT stands for photomultiplier, TMP for turbomolecular pump. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-2d-implanted-ion-distributions-using-18f4aduoj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-measured-1d-profiles-the-dotted-lines-are-mc-results-2x6ipgj5.png Fig. 6. a) Measured 1D profiles. The dotted lines are MC results. b) The relative difference between measurement and MC simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-art-results-using-all-data-a-the-2d-distribution-gymga987.png Fig. 7. ART results using all data. a) The 2D distribution function. b) Profiles. Dotted lines result from the reconstructed function. c) Relative difference between the measurement and the reconstruction results. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-adsorption-capacity-and-kinetics-of-3ojuoemfna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-global-chlorophyll-a-concentration-figure-from-2tt2n226.png Figure 14. Global Chlorophyll a concentration (figure from NASA; http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/GlobalMaps/view.php?d1=MY1DMM_CHLORA) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-big-bubba-filter-system-for-gross-filtration-of-wnbg9vxx.png Figure 1. Big Bubba Filter System for Gross Filtration of Large Debris from Ambient Seawater. The unfiltered seawater was filtered through a 150 µm filter and delivered to a head tank for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-42-day-exposure-of-the-ornl-ai8-367h56vx.png Figure 13. Comparison of 42 Day Exposure of the ORNL AI8 Adsorbent Capacity in Light Exposed https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reduction-in-ornl-ai8-adsorption-capacity-due-to-t7xgupy2.png Table 3. Reduction in ORNL AI8 Adsorption Capacity Due to Biofouling after 42 days of Exposure in 150 µm Filtered Seawater. Reductions Were Determined Relative to a Reference Data Set (Independent of This Study) That Was Conducted in PNNL Flow-Through Columns With 0.35 µm Filtered Seawater and With a Dark Exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-conceptual-side-view-of-the-recirculating-flume-3rxgbv94.png Figure 4. Conceptual side view of the recirculating flume showing fresh seawater introduced from the temperature controlled head tank, the overflow tube to control water depth, and the pump recirculation system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-biofouling-mass-accumulation-as-a-function-of-time-2dcjszst.png Figure 10. Biofouling mass accumulation as a function of time in light exposed and dark flumes for a 42 day exposue experiment with 150 µm filtered seawater. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-layout-of-main-braid-and-mini-braids-in-the-dark-1s2c4eue.png Figure 8. Layout of Main Braid and Mini Braids in the Dark and Light Flumes for the Unfiltered Seawater Biofouling Exposure Study. The main braid was positioned near the seawater recirculation inlet. The dark flume had 5 mini braids and the light flume had 14 mini https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-mini-braid-held-together-with-fishing-line-prior-1prizjp1.png Figure 9. (A) Mini Braid Held Together with Fishing Line Prior to Conditioning; (B) Conditioned Mini Braids attached to tubing in the Flume (C) Braided Adsorbent Before Conditioning with KOH; (D) KOH Conditioned Braid Secured Inside the Flume. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-electron-effective-mass-and-electron-31abu1xsqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-circles-and-simulated-solid-gate-and-drain-1sv25sk5.png Figure 5: Measured (circles) and simulated (solid) gate and drain currents with VDS = 10 mV, for MOSFET device A: 16 Å HfO2, device B: 20 Å HfO2, device C: 24 Å HfO2, and device D: 30 Å HfO2. All fits to the measured data are obtained for the following parameters: mHfO2 = (0.08- 0.14)mo, χHfO2 = (1.75-2.25) eV, mSiOx = 0.5mo, and χSiOx = 1.4 eV. The TiN work function is in the range of 4.58-4.63 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-resolution-cross-sectional-transmission-2d7kt8sl.png Figure 1: High Resolution cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) micrograph of the MOSCAP device dielectric layers, showing an interfacial SiOx thickness of 6 Å and an HfO2 thickness of 37 Å. The equivalent oxide thickness is estimated to be (10.9 ± 0.1) Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-single-gate-soi-device-left-sectional-view-is-3oui4i5i.png Figure 6: The single-gate SOI device (left, sectional view) is the 32 nm technology node simulated template, and the body region of the double-gate device (right, plan view, 60 nm S/D extensions not shown) is the 22 nm technology node simulated template. Both device gates have a width of 1 μm. The purple (b&w: dark grey) hatched regions either side of the 32 nm device gate are Si3N4 spacers (k = 7.5). The source/drain contacts for the 22 nm device are placed vertically at the extension ends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulated-gate-current-densities-for-32-nm-black-1zb614w9.png Figure 7: Simulated gate current densities for 32 nm (black) and 22 nm (red, b&w: light gray) technology node MOSFETs with VDS = 0 V (top), and VDS = 1 V (bottom). Note: the Jg-Vg for the 22 nm template device includes the current density of both gates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-17kkdj9e.png Table I: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measured-and-simulated-i-v-characteristics-for-the-rq75mxsq.png Figure 4: Measured and simulated I-V characteristics for the e-beam MOSCAP device. The measured current is for various sites across the wafer. The Ni gate area is 55 x 55 μm2. Simulation parameters for SiOx are inset. Solid curve: mHfO2 = 0.11mo, χHfO2 = 1.75 eV, dashed curve: mHfO2 = 0.135 mo, χHfO2 = 2.0 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-measured-circles-and-simulated-line-c-v-1xo0dfti.png Figure 3: The measured (circles) and simulated (line) C-V response for the e-beam MOSCAP device. The measured data was recorded at an ac signal frequency of 1 kHz. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-eleven-veterinary-drugs-in-chicken-meat-and-2nd3vlpzs9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-eleven-compounds-analyzed-in-chicken-3241bv34.png Table 1. Results of the eleven compounds analyzed in chicken meat and liver, number of samples analyzed for each matrix; Brazilian legislation (matrix, number of samples, MRL) compared to worldwide MRL legislation regarding these same residues in meat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chicken-sample-collection-and-determination-3d9nkkld.png Figure 1. Chicken sample collection and determination according to official procedures https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-longitudinal-phase-space-in-slac-main-4szsevr8fp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-peak-current-as-determined-through-simulation-gitxs0ra.png Figure 4: Peak current as determined through simulation correlates well with total measured CTR power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectrometer-images-of-two-shots-without-and-then-1q0967jw.png Figure 5: Spectrometer images of two shots, without and then with the plasma cell in the beam. The high energy nose cannot ionize lithium, so goes through unimpeded in both cases. Only later portions of the bunch experience the plasma effects with strong acceleration and deceleration. Vertical axis is pixels on spectrometer camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-a-poor-and-a-good-fit-the-only-15xx7xac.png Figure 2: Example of a poor and a good fit. The only difference in the simulations is that overall rf phase changed by 0.5 degrees. Our method is sensitive to small changes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-synchrotron-x-ray-producing-2jm8kue3.png Figure 1: Schematic of the synchrotron X-Ray producing chicane in a region of horizontal dispersion. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-local-polarization-properties-of-biological-2lcuk8yq8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-profiles-of-muscle-fiber-orientation-along-one-a-scan-2kqy6pwc.png Fig. 3. Profiles of muscle-fiber orientation along one A scan obtained from histological images from Mueller OCT after differentiation and before differentiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-retardation-images-of-porcine-tendon-a-before-jyc2425j.png Fig. 2. Retardation images of porcine tendon (a) before differentiation and (b) after differentiation; (c) prof iles of averaged phase retardation before and after differentiation; and (d) profiles of averaged slow-axis orientation before and after differentiation. Dimensions of each image are 0.5 mm 3 0.9 mm width 3 height . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-mueller-oct-system-pm-polarization-1ravjxwm.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the Mueller OCT system. PM, polarization modulator; NBS, nonpolarizing beam splitter; PBS, polarizing beam splitter; LP, linear polarizer; DL, delay line; PDH, PDV, photodiodes for horizontal and vertical polarizations, respectively; SLD, superluminescent diode. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-paris-law-constants-with-a-reverse-1e9syvb3ha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-double-u-specimen-dimensions-in-mm-1yqpydp3.png Fig. 1. Double-U specimen (dimensions in mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolut-3ug6cnl9.png Fig. 6 evolut https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sensitivity-analysis-of-the-main-independent-3bfqdsv4.png Fig. 7. Sensitivity analysis of the main independent parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-physical-model-b-spider-web-mesh-c-transition-mesh-d-3i7q6knn.png Fig. 3. (a) Physical model; (b) spider web mesh; (c) transition mesh; (d) spider web pattern; (e) regular mesh; and (f) assembled model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fracture-surfaces-a-lf010-specimen-tested-with-a-5-hz-2w8i7dha.png Fig. 2. Fracture surfaces (a) LF010 specimen: tested with a 5 Hz sinusoidal load, R = 0.1. (b) LF016 specimen: tested with a 1–30–1–1 s trapezoidal load, R = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-definition-of-the-dependent-parameter-z-considered-for-21ns7kzs.png Fig. 4. Definition of the dependent parameter Z considered for the determination of the m constant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-determination-of-m-constant-of-paris-law-a-evolution-222zagb5.png Fig. 5. Determination of m constant of Paris law: (a) evolution of the ratio A1/A2 with the modified average crack length; (b) evolution of m with the ratio of A1/A2. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-protein-stoichiometries-via-dual-color-2u1lw3364f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calibration-and-determination-of-stoichiometry-through-9fxbdgoz.png Fig. 5. Calibration and determination of stoichiometry through analyzing the colocalization ratios with DCC-SMLM. (A) The colocalization ratios (P) for mVenus and PAmCherry linked to proteins with known stoichiometries (STD). Red dots show the fit with Eq. 1 and blue dots show the fit with Eq. 3 including the modification factor m. The number of cells included are 13, 30, 14, 19 and 34, respectively, for barttin, ClC-2, bClC-K, EAAT2 and Kir2.1. (B) Colocalization ratios for mVenus and PAmCherry linked to the indicated proteins of interest (POI). The number of cells included are 24, 27, 22, 25, 30 and 22, respectively. (C-H) The coefficient of mismatch (M2) calculated for all the proteins of interest at assumed stoichiometries (n) of 1, 2, 3 and 4. (I–N): Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests of the observed colocalization ratios from each protein of interest compared with the protein standards in (A). The orange horizontal line indicates the Bonferroni-corrected threshold for the α-level (0.0125). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-dcc-strategy-to-determine-protein-stoichiometry-a-wlbmdjgo.png Fig. 1. The DCC strategy to determine protein stoichiometry. (A) Model of a dimeric fusion protein used for DCC-SMLM. The protein of interest is marked with a white “X”, whereas the marker and indicator fluorescent proteins are labeled “M” and “F”, respectively. (B) A reconstructed SMLM image from an HEK293T cell expressing Kir 2.1 labeled with both mVenus (green) and PAmCherry (magenta). White indicates colocalization of the two color signals. Scale bar: 1 μm. (C) The probability P of detecting a protein complex changes with the number (n) and detection efficiency (p) of the fluorescent proteins it contains. Each color indicates a different p value from 0.1 to 0.9 in steps of 0.1. (D) The mean background cluster densities in the mVenus (green, g.) and the PAmCherry (red, r.) recording channels. A cluster comprises a series of fluorescent signals that are spatially close and clustered with the DBSCAN algorithm. (E) As the background signals in the green channel are negligible, only three types of signals are considered: signals from mVenus (mV.), signals from PAmCherry (pC.) and background signals in the red channel (r.bkg). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correction-of-sample-drift-and-chromatic-aberration-a-2f7cirjw.png Fig. 2. Correction of sample drift and chromatic aberration. (A) An SMLM image of a bead sample reconstructed from 13,000 frames recorded over ∼ 18.5 minutes. The small magenta smears indicate sample drift. The corrected positions are displayed in green or, when overlapping, in white. Scale bar: 1 μm. (B) The mean cluster radius of positions extracted from 41 beads before (b.) and after (a.) drift correction, with error bars indicating the SEM. The cluster radius is defined as μ + 2σ of the Euclidean distances (di) of all signals (with coordinates (xi, yi)) to the center of the cluster, as shown in the inset. (C) Plot of the lateral chromatic aberration between the red and green channels, (Ax, Ay), versus the distance of the beads from a center point (x0, y0). Data from both dimensions are included in the graph. Linear regression (black line) yielded the values of the slope K, x0 and y0. (D) Data from nine recordings of a bead sample (1980 beads) were corrected with the values obtained in (C). Black lines show Gaussian fitting. (E) The mean intensities of the beads recorded at the green and the red channels change along the axial position of the sample. The axial distance between the two peaks indicates the axial chromatic aberration (ACA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-definition-of-colocalization-in-smlm-a-the-radial-3vny7jwh.png Fig. 3. Definition of colocalization in SMLM. (A) The radial distribution g(r) of PAmCherry clusters around mVenus clusters (total of 12,132 clusters). mVenus and PAmCherry were both fused to the Cterminus of Kir2.1, expressed in HEK293T cells and recorded in SMLM. (B) Distribution of the distance from mVenus clusters to the nearest (blue, dm in inset) and second nearest (orange, d2m in inset) neighboring PAmCherry clusters. The black curve shows a Gaussian fit of the nearest distances. Data for both panels are pooled from 35 cells from three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-different-fixation-methods-on-the-number-of-3hvz65b4.png Fig. 4. Effect of different fixation methods on the number of clusters. (A, B) Results from the radial distribution function g(r) for PAmCherry clusters around mVenus clusters recorded in Flp-In T-REx 293 cells expressing barttin-mVenus-PAmCherry and fixed with cold methanol (A, MeOH, 24 cells) or para-formaldehyde plus glutaraldehyde (B, Aldehyde, 29 cells). The inset shows the histograms of the nearest neighbor distances. (C, D) The densities of mVenus (C, p = 0.0028) and PAmCherry (D, p = 4.9×10-5) clusters in samples prepared using the two fixation methods. (E) The relative density of PAmCherry (pC.) clusters to mVenus (mV.) clusters, p = 0.02. (F) The measured colocalization ratio of mVenus with PAmCherry, p = 1.6×10-10. *: 0.05 > p > 0.01, **: 0.01 > p > 0.001, ***: p < 0.001, Student t-test. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-possible-responses-of-radon-222-magnetic-35av403p9h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-1mh411r9.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3p28qld7.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-351bthqd.png Figure 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2n9mtzh4.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1wexluo9.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-2lmflp0b.png Figure 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-11zotkd0.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2x4y5qip.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-phylogenetic-background-fimbrial-genes-and-582sj3gsuv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-fimbrial-genes-related-to-different-2unujrtd.png Table 2 Distribution of fimbrial genes related to different phylogenetic subgroups https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-the-nanoscale-dielectric-constant-by-means-4i0ezs1rfe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principle-of-efm-microscopy-using-a-double-pass-method-1asb4mqm.png FIG. 1. Principle of EFM microscopy using a double pass method. During the first scan topography is acquired. The tip is then retracted by a constant height Hlift and amplitude is reduced by a factor of about 3. During the second scan, a potential Vdc is applied on the tip and the force gradient is detected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-f0-z-curves-measured-on-a-conductive-3liti26f.png FIG. 5. Color online a f0 z curves measured on a conductive gold sample circles and a SiO2 /gold sample squares with hSiO2 =12 nm. The tip radius R=105 4 nm is obtained from experiments on gold using ECM. Then, by fitting the SiO2 experiments, we calculated the permittivity of the SiO2 insulating layer: r=4.5 1.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-a-f0-z-curves-obtained-on-a-50-3-nm-ps-29dlfwem.png FIG. 6. Color online a f0 z curves obtained on a 50 3 nm PS thin film at 22 °C diamond and 70 °C squares in comparison with the curve obtained on a gold sample circles . The tip radius R=32 2 nm is obtained from experiments on gold using ECM. Fitting PS parabolic coefficients using ECM, we obtained r=2.2 0.2 at 22 °C and r=2.6 0.3 at 70 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-f0-z-curves-obtained-on-a-50-2-nm-pvac-2m53gn82.png FIG. 7. Color online a f0 z curves obtained on a 50 2 nm PVAc thin film at 22 °C diamond and 70 °C squares in comparison with the curve obtained on a gold sample circles . The tip radius R=32 2 nm is obtained from experiments on gold using ECM. Fitting PVAc parabolic coefficients using ECM, we obtained r=2.9 0.3 at 22 °C and r=8.2 1.0 at 70 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-parabolic-profiles-of-f0-vdc-curves-22fkg5s2.png FIG. 4. Color online Parabolic profiles of f0 Vdc curves measured on a conductive gold sample circles and a SiO2 /gold sample squares with hSiO2 =12 nm. Both curves were obtained for the same tip-sample distance z=31 nm. The parabolic fit gives a f0 =31.7 Hz /V 2 for gold and a f0 =27.8 Hz /V2 for SiO2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-typical-amplitude-distance-curve-recorded-3p72lpub.png FIG. 3. Color online Typical amplitude-distance curve recorded on a stiff sample. The first scan amplitude z1 is equal to the difference between the z-position corresponding to the set point amplitude and the zero distance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-representation-of-the-charges-z-0-image-37ygz8mh.png FIG. 2. Color online a Representation of the charges z 0 , image charges z 0 , and test points modeling the tip over a metallic plate. b The potential created in the air z 0 and in the dielectric z 0 by a tip R=130 nm, =15° in front of a dielectric layer of height h=100 nm with a dielectric constant r=4. The potential is set to 1 V at the surface of the tip. The maximum error in one test point is of the order of 1/1000. https://scispace.com/papers/determination-of-sorption-of-seventy-five-pharmaceuticals-in-1e17f7ze86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sorption-isotherms-obtained-during-sorption-to-1j1d7ezw.png Table 4. Sorption isotherms obtained during sorption to secondary sludge short sludge age. P is the significance that the linear model has a better fit than another model tested, the model tested was Freundlich and Langmuir. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-fraction-i-e-the-fraction-of-the-total-3amd5f71.png Figure 3. Estimated fraction, i.e. the fraction of the total APIs load into the activaed sludge tank which isn’t lost either by degradation or stripping, https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-evaluating-the-effect-of-ph-within-the-ph-rang-fora-23rsq7jv.png Table 5. Evaluating the effect of pH within the pH rang fora WWTP, pH 6-8. Average one point Kd values with standard deviation (n=3) obtained in sludge from secondary sludge long sludge age at pH 6, 7 and 8for the concentration 10 µg L-1. By employing one way ANOVA with a 95 % confidence interval was the following question asked; are the means significantly different? https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sorption-isotherms-obtained-during-sorption-to-3vttem4z.png Table 3. Sorption isotherms obtained during sorption to secondary sludge long sludge age P is the significance that the linear model has a better fit than another model tested, the model tested was Freundlich and Langmuir. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-plot-illustrates-that-for-majoring-of-the-apis-2p83qd9o.png Figure 2. The plot illustrates that for majoring of the APIs in this study it was not possible estimate their sorption behavior based on log Dow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-experimental-set-up-including-api-concentrations-3v6yzan9.png Table 1. The experimental set up, including API concentrations, pH sludge concentration and the number of bottles per blank/zero sludge/sludge. From each bottle triplicate solid phase extractions (SPE) were made. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sorption-isotherms-obtained-during-sorption-to-271w8xqy.png Table 2. Sorption isotherms obtained during sorption to primary sludge. P is the significance that the linear model has a better fit than another model tested, the model tested was Freundlich and Langmuir. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-the-obtained-sorption-isotherms-from-the-kuexr1x9.png Figure 1. Example of the obtained sorption isotherms. From the top Pizotifen linear isotherm, second Maprotiline Freundlich isotherm and at the bottom Bisoprolol Langmuir isotherm. https://scispace.com/papers/determining-symptomatic-factors-of-nomophobia-in-peruvian-9taw6qbcmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-c2t665mz.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reliability-statistics-2q6olugb.png Table 2. Reliability Statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-total-explained-variance-extraction-method-3swlo9lj.png Table 10. Total explained variance. Extraction method: Principal component analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-time-per-day-devoted-to-smartphone-use-36fsnarp.png Table 5. Time per day devoted to smartphone use. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-correlation-matrix-for-the-16-items-in-the-3rmqryav.png Table 8. Correlation matrix for the 16 items in the questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-multiple-comparisons-average-scores-based-on-the-2vrupxk9.png Table 13. Multiple comparisons: Average scores based on the percentage of smartphone interference in academic life https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-interference-of-students-smartphone-use-in-academic-3kv45kht.png Table 12. Interference of students’ smartphone use in academic activity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-how-long-the-respondent-has-had-a-smartphone-3jesibbp.png Table 4. How long the respondent has had a smartphone. https://scispace.com/papers/determining-the-points-of-change-in-time-series-of-4st54l0wtk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-two-mean-value-situations-i-and-ii-considered-2r9xmwcb.png Figure 2. The two mean value situations i and ii considered in the text. The blue line corresponds to a steady increase, the red to a discontinuous jump. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flow-chart-for-the-change-detection-method-u-is-a-gowkgepd.png Figure 4. Flow chart for the change detection method. µ is a generic name for the unknown parameters considered. In the leftmost part we are investigating whether there are changes in the interval [tl, tk] using the Q-test statistic (6). If the answer is no, the analysis is finished. If the answer is yes, i.e. we have at least one change in [tl, tk], we go to the column in the middle. Based on observations at tℓ, · · · , tℓ+s we (for s = 1, · · · , k − 1) successively investigate whether there are changes between time points tℓ+s−1 and tℓ+s. This is done by testing the hypothesis Hℓ0, j+1 : µℓ+ j = µℓ+ j−1 corresponding to H0, j from (14) using the test statistic R (ℓ) j corresponding to R j from (15). If we do not identify any changes before time point tk−1 we conclude that the change in the interval [tℓ, tk] falls in the interval [tk−1, tk]. If the first change we identify, occurs in [tℓ+r−1, tℓ+r] we conclude that there are no changes in the interval [tl, tℓ+r−1] and a change in [tℓ+r−1, tℓ+r]. We then update ℓ to ℓ + r and start again in the leftmost column. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-p-values-of-the-different-test-statistics-for-277x1gzg.png Table V. The p-values of the different test statistics for rye. The path leading to the change indices is indicated https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-the-p-values-of-the-different-test-statistics-for-akfzex1n.png Table IV. The p-values of the different test statistics for forest. The path leading to the change indices is indicated https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-the-p-values-of-the-different-test-statistics-for-1jyl4gm8.png Table VI. The p-values of the different test statistics for grass. The path leading to the change indices is indicated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-histograms-of-the-p-values-for-testing-the-3qah8dbi.png Figure 8. The histograms of the p-values for testing the hypotheses Mar = Apr = May = Jun = Jul = Aug, i.e. no changes in the entire period, and for testing Apr = Mar, May = Apr (= Mar), Jun = May (= Apr = Mar), Jul = Jun (= May = Apr = Mar), and Aug = Jul (= Jun = May = Apr = Mar) for the forest area. These histograms present the distribution of the pixelwise change indices for the forest area. The averages are found in Table IV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-hypothetical-observations-and-the-change-1gsq68wi.png Figure 3. The (hypothetical) observations and the change indices for the Gamma distribution example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-zoom-on-grass-field-reported-on-in-table-vi-the-p-3hmsn3s6.png Figure 11. Zoom on grass field reported on in Table VI. The p-value corresponding to each subimage has the same relative position as in Table VI. Also, the path leading to the change indices is indicated in the figure as well as in the table. p-values, i.e., the no-change probability are stretched linearly between 0 and 1. Dark areas correspond to change. https://scispace.com/papers/deterministic-seasonality-in-dickey-fuller-tests-should-we-4z5w96simd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-size-adjusted-and-estimated-power-for-5-level-tests-bwxe8fb5.png Table 3. Size-adjusted and estimated power (for 5% level tests) of ADFct(nd) and ADFsd,t using the GS t-sig (5%) lag selection method (based on 10 000 replications) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fractiles-of-the-distribution-of-dickey-fuller-test-4wvatpjy.png Table 1. Fractiles of the distribution of Dickey-Fuller test statistics based on 50 000 Monte Carlo replications. The DGP is ∆yt = P4 i=1(−1)iδ Dit + t, t ∼ nid(0, 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-finite-sample-critical-values-for-the-adfsd-and-2dv9n2cn.png Table A.2. Finite sample critical values for the ADFsd and ADFsd,t statistics using the GS t-sig, 5% level method (based on 50 000 replications) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-fractiles-of-the-distribution-of-dickey-fuller-netx8dl5.png Table A.1. Fractiles of the distribution of Dickey-Fuller test statistic τsd,t (DFsd,t) based on 50 000 Monte Carlo replications https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-empirical-results-for-some-portuguese-economic-time-387zf0ht.png Table 4. Empirical results for some Portuguese economic time series https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-size-estimates-of-adfct-nd-and-adfsd-t-at-the-1eibluum.png Table 2. Size estimates of ADFct(nd) and ADFsd,t at the nominal 5% level using the GS t-sig 5% strategy(based on 10 000 replications) https://scispace.com/papers/deuterium-lamb-shift-via-quenching-radiation-anisotropy-cuqqjvp3rw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-of-theoretical-and-experimental-mb-3g2kb7th.png TABLE IV. Comparison of theoretical and experimental ~mb shifts (MHz) in deuterium. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-input-data-x-for-the-theoretical-calculation-of-the-z7mehx9n.png TABLE I. Input data (x) for the theoretical calculation of the D(2s~/&) quenching anisotropy (R), and sensitivity coefficients (s) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-anistropy-as-a-function-of-position-along-3g3hi7zy.png FIG. 3. Calculated anistropy as a function of position along the beam 'axis. The trapezium to the right is the geometrical slit function of the detector system showing its location along the beam axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sources-of-error-in-the-measurement-of-g-due-to-18gfp5h9.png TABLE III. Sources of error in the measurement of g due to uncertainties in various parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-observed-numbers-of-low-and-high-runs-1i1t54if.png TABLE II. Comparison of observed numbers of low and high runs with the expected numbers of, r'uns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-histogram-for-the-distribution-of-the-experirnental-1qgm3tta.png FIG. 4. Histogram for the distribution of the experirnental data about the mean in units of the expected standard deviation for each point. The solid circles show the expected bar heights for a Gaussian distribution with the same mean and unit half-width. https://scispace.com/papers/developing-a-framework-for-studying-brain-networks-in-8mozcweofq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-subject-specific-spatial-maps-of-the-rsns-a-are-mapped-1hk6fkma.png Fig. 4 Subject-specific spatial maps of the RSNs (a) are mapped on the cortical surface (b) and together with the structural connectome, the structural connectivity within specific RSN can be studied (c). Here is an example of the interhemispheric connections within the primary visual RSN (IC 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-segmentation-of-the-3d-t2w-images-with-the-drawem-1y19bunj.png Fig. 1 Segmentation of the 3D-T2w images with the DrawEM algorithm[14] (a). Notice the poor/absent definition of the anterior/posterior limbs of the internal capsule. Classification of the segmentation into 9 tissue types overlaid on a highresolution FA-image (b), and the improvement after manual editing, especially of the central WM (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-sift-filtered-whole-brain-tractogram-a-is-used-3o6k7unj.png Fig. 2. The SIFT-filtered whole brain tractogram(a) is used together with a parcellation image (b) to generate the corresponding structural connectome(c). In this example the lobo-lobar connectome; the spheres depict the nodes (i.e. the cerebral lobes, including the insular cortices and the cingulate gyri), the edges depicts connections between nodes and the sphere sizes corresponds to the total streamline count (measure of connectivity). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-11-rsns-identified-in-the-cohort-are-visually-35p6e3yo.png Fig. 3. The 11 RSNs identified in the cohort are visually assessed and classified (a). Dual regression is used to formulate a connectivity network matrix of connection strengths/correlations between the RSNs. This is analysed using basic network modelling in FSLNets (b), where red/green/blue represents strong/moderate/low connectivity between the numbered RSNs in (a). Notice the clustering of correlated RSNs into meaningful functional networks (e.g. RSNs 1-6-3-5 which are all related to visual processing), as well as the anticorrelation of others (b). https://scispace.com/papers/developing-a-study-orientation-questionnaire-in-mathematics-3i60gsirhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-defcription-a-d-sample-item-from-each-field-assessed-3lcebbja.png TABLE 1 DEFCRIPTION A D SAMPLE ITEM FROM EACH FIELD ASSESSED https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-1nr5b5wo.png TABLE 12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tucker-s-0-coefficients-for-three-factors-of-the-2k05c2bd.png TABLE 5 TUCKER'S 0 COEFFICIENTS FOR THREE FACTORS OF THE SOhI(P) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-2mqwso4w.png TABLE 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pattern-matrix-of-f-ctor-ayalysis-ok-parcels-and-25ftytde.png TABLE 6 PATTERN MATRIX OF F.~CTOR AYALYSIS OK PARCELS AND ITEM COMMUNALITIES (PARCEL 6 DELETED) .- - -. ~- https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-corrfi-a-t-i-k-s-between-factors-2uj1mndy.png TABLE 7 CORRFI A T I ~ K S BETWEEN FACTORS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-slhool-by-g-i-o-n-and-loc-tion-20osfw3t.png TABLE 2 SLHOOL~ BY ~ G I O N AND LOC~TION https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-me-ns-medians-minimum-and-maximum-range-l-u-d-s-1n9wx9hq.png TABLE 8 ME.~NS, MEDIANS, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM (RANGE) \ ~ L U D S . LOWER AND UPPER QUARTILES, SKEW~NESS, AND KURTOSIS FOR GRADE 4 TO 7 LEARNERS [ Ohf(P)] (,"17= 1,103) https://scispace.com/papers/deterrence-versus-intrinsic-motivation-experimental-evidence-1hv78qfi17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-expected-bribe-in-the-risk-treatment-1t56qhti.png Table 4: Expected bribe in the risk treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ordered-logit-estimates-for-the-non-risk-treatment-3irrxlrl.png Table 5: Ordered Logit Estimates for the Non-risk treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-motivation-which-drives-behavior-in-different-fmrmgnui.png Table 1: Motivation which drives behavior in different treatments according to hypotheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-firms-bids-of-price-and-bribe-no-risk-treatment-1nenxhrr.png Table 2: The firms' bids of price and bribe (no-risk treatment) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ordered-logit-estimates-for-the-risk-treatment-tu8m4x8z.png Table 6: Ordered Logit Estimates for the Risk Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-firms-bids-of-price-and-bribe-and-probability-of-1e1jacpm.png Table 3: The firms' bids of price and bribe, and probability of detection https://scispace.com/papers/developing-evaluating-and-demonstrating-an-open-source-3whyhm1rp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-gateway-evaluations-1-through-11-35-dipy2gei.png Table 2-1. Gateway Evaluations 1 through 11 .................................................. 35 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-yield-and-irrigation-water-productivity-adapted-33vax9dy.png Figure 1-1. Yield and Irrigation Water Productivity (adapted from Goldhamer, Viveros, & Salinas, 2006, Table 2) ..................................................................... 4 https://scispace.com/papers/developing-a-valid-and-reliable-measure-of-product-swjsy4l9ps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-2z8qxzha.png Table 16) https://scispace.com/figures/table-48-result-of-the-lm-test-12yxteg2.png Table 48. Result of the LM test https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-product-innovation-matrices-of-iphones-2ky1s11f.png Table 21. Product innovation matrices of iPhones https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-values-of-the-cpis-25uamkf8.png Table 17. Values of the CPIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-35-sample-correlations-v3k1ahgo.png Table 35. Sample Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-literature-review-map-1o9j1tl2.png Figure 3. Literature review map https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-the-model-s-fit-graphic-3dj8qvj8.png Figure 36. The model's fit graphic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-product-innovativeness-scores-ts57aokf.png Figure 23. Product Innovativeness Scores https://scispace.com/papers/developing-an-academic-library-assessment-plan-a-case-study-3sooesralc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-analysis-of-survey-data-planning-process-and-3u244lpl.png Table II Analysis of Survey Data: Planning Process and Product https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-analysis-of-survey-data-the-context-of-the-planning-bimiehga.png Table I Analysis of Survey Data: The Context of the Planning Process https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-analysis-of-survey-data-organizational-outcomes-1lrg8dot.png Table III Analysis of Survey Data: Organizational Outcomes https://scispace.com/papers/developing-trend-of-domestic-electricity-tariffs-in-great-1b31j1tz22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electricity-demand-profile-from-a-individual-household-2j5yhrcz.png Fig. 4. Electricity demand profile from a individual household with electricity cooker [26] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-real-time-prices-of-illinois-power-company-on-15-14ijmlv5.png Fig. 3. The real-time prices of Illinois Power Company on 15 December 2009 [22] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-of-cpp-tariff-structure-19-1aelit3z.png Fig. 2. An example of CPP tariff structure [19] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-summer-and-winter-tou-schedule-17-ld3ritlr.png Fig. 1. An example of summer and winter TOU Schedule [17] https://scispace.com/papers/developing-understanding-of-challenging-behaviour-through-wahlzpoh6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-person-environment-fit-is-essential-in-reducing-vf0rs0kg.png Fig 2. The person environment fit is essential in reducing occurrence of challenging behaviour, the further apart the two are, the more likely the individual is to display behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-recognition-of-the-holistic-needs-of-the-2heqiu60.png Fig 1. The recognition of the holistic needs of the individual is essential to our understanding as to why someone may present challenging behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-assault-cycle-was-explored-using-a-story-which-3euhiquo.png Fig 3. The assault cycle was explored, using a story which could relate to everyone’s https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-evolution-of-an-anomalous-asian-dust-event-584a6pgur3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-trends-of-fr5-5-0-to-10-0-mm-at-bologna-7lc859r9.png Figure 3. Temporal trends of fr5 (5.0 to 10.0 μm) at Bologna, red line, and Trieste, blue line, and of fr3 (3.0 to 5.0 μm) at Mt. Cimone, green line. Values are in Counts dm -3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-size-bins-of-the-three-opcs-all-reported-values-are-2xe4cq07.png Table 1. Size bins of the three OPCs. All reported values are in μm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-vertical-profiling-from-the-automated-lidar-2wpr8vbs.png Figure 8. Vertical profiling from the automated LIDAR ceilometer located in Milan on 28 and 29 March 2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-back-trajectories-96-h-backwards-ending-at-bologna-3iober4t.png Figure 2. Back-trajectories (96-h backwards) ending at Bologna on a) 27 March 18:00 UTC; b) 28 March 335 18:00 UTC; c) 29 March 18:00 UTC; d) 30 March 12:00 UTC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-particle-size-distributions-for-the-opcs-a-loac-31hvw3wt.png Figure 5. Particle size distributions for the OPCs: a) LOAC (Bologna); b) FAI (Trieste); c) GRIMM (Mt. 400 Cimone). Abscissa values are in μm, ordinate values in log(# L -1 ). Abscissa axis is on logarithmic scale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-concentration-of-major-components-and-trace-3r9w7sgm.png Figure 9. Concentration of major components and trace elements analyzed in PM2.5 particulate samples at 495 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-part-analysis-maps-showing-500-hpa-1urcut9u.png Figure 1. Left part: analysis maps showing: 500 hPa geopotential height (colors, in dam) and temperature (dotted dashed grey lines, in °C) and surface pressure (white lines, in hPa) relative to the days a) 25 March; c) 26 March; e) 27 March; g) 28 March, chosen as the most significant synoptic maps for the episode studied. Source: Wetterzentrale.de (https://www.wetterzentrale.de/). Right part: PM10 concentration maps 305 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fractions-analyzed-with-loac-fai-opc-and-grimm-with-3jha2019.png Table 2. Fractions analyzed with LOAC, FAI OPC, and GRIMM, with the corresponding bin combinations (sums or differences) https://scispace.com/papers/developing-human-capital-for-successful-implementation-of-33l94uao0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matrix-of-capacity-building-approaches-for-ocean-3iogjqtq.png Table 1. Matrix of Capacity Building Approaches for Ocean Science, Observations, and Data/Information Management https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-deployment-of-public-transport-policy-and-3z9r5pgw64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-vehicles-registered-in-taiwan-1990-2004-257o5nxu.png Table 1. Number of vehicles registered in Taiwan (1990–2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intercity-public-transportation-passenger-trip-ji4yij4s.png Table 3. Intercity public transportation passenger trip length in Taiwan (1993–2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intercity-public-transportation-passengers-in-taiwan-1cf5hk32.png Table 2. Intercity public transportation passengers in Taiwan (1993–2004). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bus-and-metro-passengers-in-taipei-1990-2004-fphsa0zu.png Table 4. Bus and metro passengers in Taipei (1990–2004). https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-predictors-of-childhood-mental-health-2569l7fkaj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-analyses-predictors-of-a-general-mental-1tilk6tc.png Table 4: Univariate analyses: Predictors of a general mental health problem (TDS90a) at 11 years based on mental health problems or functional disabilities at 5 years of age for a national cohort of extremely pretermb children born in Norway in 1999-2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-scores-and-proportion-of-high-scores-on-the-11nylsjq.png Table 2: Mean scores and proportion of high scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 5 and 11 years of age, and correlations between the two assessments in the population of extremely preterm (EP)a children. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stability-of-parent-reported-mental-health-problems-33bi98vt.png Table 3: Stability of parent reported mental health problems from 5 to 11 years of age in the extremely preterm (EP)a children measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-the-extremely-preterma-28mjhanm.png Table 1: Clinical characteristics of the extremely preterma children who were assessed vs. not assessed for mental healthb at both 5 and 11 years of age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multivariate-analyses-predictors-of-a-general-mental-3dwypcy9.png Table 5: Multivariate analyses: Predictors of a general mental health problem (TDS90a) at 11 years of age based on mental health problems or functional disabilities at 5 years of age for a national cohort of extremely pretermb children born in Norway in 1999-2000. https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-religious-polarization-the-emergence-of-2unn9m7fcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-brief-timeline-of-emancipation-reform-and-schism-5rj2wa6n.png Figure 1: A brief timeline of emancipation, Reform and schism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-equilibrium-effort-contributions-e-t-as-a-function-2m8iml40.png Figure 5: Equilibrium effort contributions e∗(τ ∗) as a function of economic development λ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-strictness-t-as-a-function-of-economic-development-3r576aa6.png Figure 4: Strictness τ as a function of economic development λ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-german-reform-communities-that-sent-rabbis-to-32k9jo0x.png Figure 3: The German Reform communities that sent rabbis to the Rabbinical Conferences of 1844 to 1846. Data from Lowenstein (1981). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-jewish-communities-in-germany-that-experienced-2dt3ln34.png Figure 2: Jewish communities in Germany that experienced civic emancipation in the first part of the nineteenth century. Data from Acemoglu et al. (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-strictness-t-as-a-function-of-economic-development-2mchswlb.png Figure 7: Strictness τ as a function of economic development λ when agents have an exit option. https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-testing-of-an-additively-manufactured-5gda5c5r13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-cfd-model-output-pressure-drop-across-the-32jll936.png Figure 5: Typical CFD model output (Pressure drop across the catalyst bed segment) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-original-thruster-components-dnwwzux1.png Figure 2: Original thruster components https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-validation-of-a-self-report-measure-of-bus-18y16ppyoo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exploratory-factor-analysis-pca-of-bus-driver-coping-337xdzwf.png Table 3. Exploratory factor analysis (PCA) of bus driver coping https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-bdri-components-and-crash-19o41kzi.png Table 4. Correlations between BDRI components and crash variables for a bus driver sample. No correction for number of comparisons applied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-component-labels-alpha-coefficients-study-1-2881p1vt.png Table 1. Component labels, alpha coefficients (Study 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-exploratory-factor-analysis-pca-of-bus-driver-stress-34hoj53i.png Table 2. Exploratory factor analysis (PCA) of bus driver stress https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-celeration-behaviour-in-2y1nrrva.png Table 5. Correlations between celeration behaviour in different sections of the simulator drives and different drives. N=67. Sections 2A and 2B were driving under time pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlations-between-the-coping-components-of-the-1vl6328x.png Table 6. Correlations between the coping components of the BDRI, simulator celeration behaviour and time pressure effects (differences between drives). N=67. https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-validation-of-a-symptom-based-activity-index-2cigan6mpa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-s2zib3gc.png Table 1: Patient characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-eesai-pro-score-for-the-7-day-recall-period-the-24d0fyve.png Table 4: EEsAI PRO score for the 7-day recall period. The score based on regression coefficients that ranges from 0 to 8.52 is shown in column 1. For clinical ease of use, a total of the score based on the regression coefficients was set to 100 and values for each category adjusted accordingly. This score is shown in column 2. Abbreviations: VDQ, visual dysphagia question; AMS, avoidance, modification, and slow eating score. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-type-and-frequency-of-eoe-related-symptoms-assessed-2ugbsyel.png Table 2: Type and frequency of EoE-related symptoms assessed in the EEsAI PRO instrument over 3 recall periods (N = 153). https://scispace.com/papers/development-and-validation-of-an-inverse-method-for-4kpepd68b2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-the-retrieving-of-four-unknown-parameters-3u3attbk.png Table 3. Results of the retrieving of four unknown parameters with comparison against real parameters of the pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-identification-method-of-thermal-2k2hrx4h.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the identification method of thermal parameters of a short laser pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aluminium-plate-with-main-dimensions-front-view-1ck7pdq9.png Fig. 2. Aluminium plate with main dimensions – front view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-temporal-temperature-variation-in-point-c-as-well-as-2zcih5bz.png Fig. 6. A) Temporal temperature variation in point C as well as B) and C) distribution of temperature along lines Lx and Ly, respectively for approximately 5 ms after heating started for case 2 and for initial guess, final estimation and experimental measured. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-temporal-temperature-variation-in-point-c-as-well-as-2rfqlxvn.png Fig. 7. A) Temporal temperature variation in point C as well as B) and C) distribution of temperature along lines Lx and Ly, respectively for approximately 5 ms after heating started for case 4 and for initial guess, final estimation and experimental measured. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-stand-a-the-schematic-and-b-the-photo-of-2k7ym37y.png Fig. 3. Experimental stand: A) the schematic and B) the photo of the setup for the multimodal IR and 3D DIC monitoring of the solid sample under short single or multiple laser pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-performed-experiments-et3qvov0.png Fig. 4. Schematic of performed experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermophysical-parameters-of-the-aluminum-alloy-3tz2gq0k.png Table 1. Thermophysical parameters of the aluminum alloy AW2017A T4 [10]. https://scispace.com/papers/development-armed-conflict-and-conservation-improving-the-40qxczeux3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-maps-of-presence-of-the-three-strongest-illegal-xjk0vcvl.png Figure 3.4. Maps of presence of the three strongest illegal armed groups in Colombia adapted from Peace and Reconciliation foundation (2015). FARC signed a peace deal in November 2016, ELN is going through a peace deal with the Colombian government. The Bacrim is an illegal armed group dedicated to drug trafficking and does not possesses any political status. In green forest cover in 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-population-declines-from-habitat-loss-the-blue-r9lfshyx.png Figure 4.5. Population declines from habitat loss. The blue bar is the habitat loss until 2000, the orange bar the habitat loss until 2015 and the red bar the projected habitat loss by 2040. This graph only shows the 69 regionally-endemic forest-dependent species. Vertical lines represent the thresholds for classification as near threatened (NT) (20%), vulnerable (VU) (30%), endangered (EN) (50%), and critically endangered (CR) (80%) based on the IUCN criterion A4. In parenthesis IUCN category in 2019. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-coefficients-and-statistical-significance-of-1ft676iu.png Table 5.1. Coefficients and statistical significance of effectiveness of protection on reducing deforestation for the whole protected area network and the protected area in each biotic region in relation to matched unprotected sites from the three modelling procedures assessed. In bold the coefficients from the model that better accounted for spatial autocorrelation. The coefficients of protected area effectiveness for each biotic region were from sub-matching, which was the matching procedure that generated the most adequate matchings at the regional level. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. For full description of the models, see Materials and Methods section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-a-loss-of-extent-of-potential-habitat-for-forest-1tb2l73u.png Figure 4.1. (a) Loss of extent of potential habitat for forest-dependent Colombian birds. Change in suitable habitat for each of the 550 species, until 2015 and the projected loss by 2040, split by each species’ current IUCN Red-list status: critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), vulnerable (VU), near threatened (NT), and least concern (LC). The circles represent the historical extent of suitable habitat within the range of each species, the triangles the extent in 2015 and the asterisks the projected extent for 2040; the lines are drawn between the circle and triangle for the same species to highlight the species-specific change, the same for the dashed lines between the circles and asterisks. The species within each threat category are randomly distributed along the x axis. (b) The same figure but only showing species with historical extent of suitable habitat smaller than 5000 km². In this graph the horizontal black dotted lines represent the thresholds for classification as vulnerable (VU) (2000 km²), endangered (EN) (500 km²) and critically endangered (CR) (10 km²) based on the IUCN criterion B2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-comparison-of-model-fitness-between-full-model-14-54ikmh4g.png Figure 3.3. Comparison of model fitness between full model (14 explanatory variables) and a null model for which WofE coefficients for all variables were set to zero (0 explanatory variables; deforestation is random). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-average-percentage-forest-loss-in-protected-areas-e9p7oe1s.png Figure 5.2. Average percentage forest loss in protected areas relative to overall forest loss outside protected areas and in matched unprotected control sites. Numbers in parenthesis are the protected area with forest cover for each biotic region in 2000. Negative values represent forest gain. Green bars depict loss inside protected areas, grey bars loss in unprotected areas and red, pink and blue bars depict loss in matched control sites using different matching procedures. Black lines depict 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-histogram-of-the-number-of-forest-dependent-birds-1y4naohh.png Figure 4.2. Histogram of the number of forest-dependent birds (n=550 species) with different proportions of historical habitat loss until 2015 and (b) the projected for 2040 in Colombia. Continues lines represent a smoothed count estimate, vertical dashed lines show the mean habitat loss. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-indices-of-covariate-imbalance-for-the-principal-13qkxn0m.png Table 5.2. Indices of covariate imbalance for the principal variables associated with deforestation and park location in Colombia, before and after the matching process for an initial matching analysis at a national scale and different matching procedures at the regional scale. Values in bold show scores higher than 25% which are considered suspect, and indicate a possible imbalance for that specific variable. A full table including indices of covariate imbalance before and after matching for each department is available in supplementary material (Appendix 5.3). https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-double-sided-consequent-pole-linear-vernier-ngdyzjufiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-lvhpm-machine-a-proposed-b-baseline-30x3km1g.png Fig. 1 Structure of LVHPM machine (a) proposed, (b) baseline https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-baseline-and-proposed-lvhpm-bqqiaja5.png TABLE I: PARAMETERS OF THE BASELINE AND PROPOSED LVHPM MACHINES https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-thrust-constant-and-ripple-of-both-models-2ad0vxxg.png TABLE II: THRUST CONSTANT AND RIPPLE OF BOTH MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-average-force-vs-phase-current-for-both-lvhpm-9rywqmx1.png Fig. 12: Average force vs. phase current for both LVHPM machines https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-transient-fea-performance-comparison-2ahgpcdp.png TABLE III: TRANSIENT FEA PERFORMANCE COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-cogging-force-waveforms-over-a-complete-electrical-33fqojaw.png Fig. 13: Cogging force waveforms over a complete electrical cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-generated-mesh-for-the-proposed-lvhpm-model-1y5ltvku.png Fig. 8: Generated mesh for the proposed LVHPM model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-no-load-back-emf-waveforms-of-both-machines-32q0g7dk.png Fig. 10: no-load back EMF waveforms of both machines https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-fluid-dynamic-model-for-quantitative-396r3nes0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-assessment-of-dceus-based-microbubble-transport-using-3fw07dfo.png Fig. 2: Assessment of DCEUS-based microbubble transport using the in-vitro experimental setup. (a,b): typical example of DCEUS images of the silicone tubing undergoing a flow rate of 4.8 mL/min with bubble dilutions of 1:1000 (a) and 1:2000 (b). The associated transport field, estimated using the proposed methodology, is superimposed using yellow arrows (for an easier visualization, only arrows associated to pixels with DCEUS intensity higher than 10 % of the maximal saturation value are displayed). (c,d): DCEUS-based transports flow rate estimates, as a function of the pump flow rate, independently replicated (N=3) for bubble dilutions of 1:1000 (c) and 1:2000 (d). The black dashed line represents the linear regression line; its equation and the correlation coefficient are indicated in the text box in the bottom-right of each graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-microbubble-transport-estimates-from-the-3uix7jb8.png Fig. 3: Example of microbubble transport estimates from the DCEUS of two rats using the proposed approach. The first and the second rows display results associated to a control and a ligature rats, respectively (referred to as rats #11 and #7 in the scope of this study). The first column displays a B-mode image with the manually drawn mask superimposed (yellow dashed line) underlying the placenta. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th columns display DCEUS images acquired 10 s, 15 s and 20 s after the determined microbubble arrival in the placenta, respectively. The corresponding transport field estimates are superimposed using yellow arrows. The maximum amplitude of the instantaneous transport is reported on the upper-right of each panel. In these results, ∆T , δt, α and fc were fixed to common typical values of 60 s, 3 s, 0.1 and f0/16, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-temporal-window-size-t-2uitt9zh.png Fig. 6: Analysis of the impact of the temporal window size (∆T ) and temporal derivative step (δt) on the overall results of the proposed approach. The bolus velocity was estimated for various values of ∆T and δt (α and fc being fixed to typical values of 0.1 and f0/16, respectively). The significance of the difference between bolus velocities obtained for the two rat populations (i.e. ligature and control) is reported using the pvalue of an unpaired Mann-Whitney U test (a) and the AUROC (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-cutoff-frequency-fc-of-31w9pzun.png Fig. 7: Analysis of the impact of the cutoff-frequency fc of the low-pass spatial image filtering and of the regularization parameter α of the numerical scheme on the overall results of the proposed approach. (a): bolus velocities estimated for various values of fc (∆T and δt and α and being fixed to typical values of 60 s, 3 s and 0.1, respectively), (b): bolus velocities estimated for various values of α (∆T , δt and fc and being fixed to typical values of 60 s, 3 s and f0/16, respectively). The significativity of the difference between bolus velocities obtained for the two rat populations (i.e. ligature and control) is reported using the AUROC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temporal-evolution-of-the-bolus-velocity-averaged-over-1w5xk4wz.png Fig. 4: Temporal evolution of the bolus velocity (averaged over the ROI encompassing the placenta, and weighted by the amount of grey level intensity in the DCEUS image) estimated for each control (a) and ligature (b) rat. Note that, for an easier visualization, a temporal average filter (kernel size=30) has been applied on each individual curve before display. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-processing-sequence-for-the-quantitative-evaluation-of-2lomwr3d.png Fig. 1: Processing sequence for the quantitative evaluation of the microbubble transport amplitude occurred in the imaged tissue during a microbubble bolus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-assessment-of-proposed-and-tic-based-approaches-for-3od1vu4f.png Fig. 5: Assessment of proposed and TIC-based approaches for the classification of the two rat populations (i.e. control and ligature). (a): boxplots of overall microbubbles velocities (i.e. γ in Eq. (8)) estimated over each rat populations using the proposed approach, (b-e): distributions of PE, WiR, TTP and WiAUC estimated over the placenta for the two rat populations using the existing TIC-based approach. The median is shown by the central mark, the first and the third quartiles are reported by the edges of the box, the whiskers extend to the most extreme time points that are not considered as outliers, and outliers are individually plotted in red. Note that the term “outliers” refers here to values which benefitted from a specific display (i.e. red crosses), and not to rats which would have been removed in the statistical analysis. It corresponds to values that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range away from the top or bottom of the plotted box. (f): ROC curve obtained using γ, (g): ROC curves obtained using PE and WiR, (h): ROC curves obtained using TTP and WiAUC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-analysis-of-the-impact-of-unwanted-errors-on-g-1m6spmue.png TABLE I: Analysis of the impact of unwanted errors on γ occurred in the targeted organ delineation process (Task #1) and in the organ displacement estimation (Task #2), during the in-vivo experiments. The first raw of each cell reports the mean ± standard deviation over the 20 rats, and the second raw provides the first, second and third quartiles ([0.25, 0.5, 0.75]). https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-nb3sn-multifilamentary-wire-for-accelerator-ddxcfrgwdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-critical-current-density-vs-magnetic-flux-density-as-3sz0psum.png Fig. 3. Critical current density vs. magnetic flux density, as measured on a B3 strand sample, at 4.2 K and 1.8 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-sectional-view-of-single-barrier-strand-b3-cusn-slkz032k.png Fig. 2. Cross-sectional view of single-barrier strand B3 (CuSn spacers), after heat treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetization-curves-measured-on-strands-b1-and-b3-for-21ymzfd5.png Fig. 4. Magnetization curves measured on strands B1 and B3, for a ± 3 T trapezoidal cycle and a sweep rate of 1.5 T/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-sectional-view-of-double-barrier-strand-b2-no-1p8bqdqw.png Fig. 1. Cross-sectional view of double-barrier strand B2 (no CuSn spacers), after heat treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-new-mpeg-standard-for-advanced-3d-video-1l0gkysvmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-advanced-3d-video-processing-chain-2bv7lrt0.png Figure 4. Advanced 3D video processing chain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mvd-format-and-view-synthesis-for-efficient-support-1s8w5pte.png Figure 5. MVD format and view synthesis for efficient support of multiview auto-stereoscopic displays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stereo-image-pair-with-low-pass-filtered-right-view-1s3jqr9k.png Figure 1. Stereo image pair with low-pass filtered right view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rendering-of-stereo-video-from-video-plus-depth-v-d-dcur4eeq.png Figure 3. Rendering of stereo video from video plus depth (V+D) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stereo-coding-combined-temporal-interview-jqtokk5n.png Figure 2. Stereo coding, combined temporal/ interview prediction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-target-of-3d-video-format-illustrating-limited-14e4eyyo.png Figure 8. Target of 3D video format illustrating limited camera inputs and constrained rate transmission according to a distribution environment. The 3DV data format aims to be capable of rendering a large number of output views for auto-stereoscopic N-view displays and support advanced stereoscopic processing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-layered-depth-video-ldv-2k08wdb6.png Figure 6. Layered depth video (LDV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-depth-enhanced-high-quality-stereo-with-a-based-on-19ws73oz.png Figure 7. Depth enhanced high quality stereo with a based on view synthesis. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-single-cell-glxr-based-camp-biosensor-for-54om5cye7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dot-plots-upper-panels-and-histograms-lower-panels-2kwbsauy.png Fig. 5. Dot plots (upper panels) and histograms (lower panels) obtained by FACS analysis of 590 the ∆cyaB mutant, the wild type, and the ∆cpdA mutant, all carrying the pSenPcg3195 591 plasmid. The strains were cultivated in shake flasks in CGXII minimal medium with 100 mM 592 glucose as carbon source and cells of the mid-exponential growth phase (4-5 h) were used for 593 FACS analysis. 100 000 cells were analyzed for each strain. The gates P2 and P3 were set for 594 cell sorting. 595 596 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dot-blots-upper-panels-and-histograms-lower-panels-2yyo9ewr.png Fig. 6. Dot blots (upper panels) and histograms (lower panels) obtained by FACS analysis of 598 1:1 mixtures of wild-type and ∆cyaB cells (left panels) or wild-type and ∆cpdA cells (right 599 panels). The strains were cultivated in shake flasks in CGXII minimal medium with glucose 600 as carbon source and cells from the mid-exponential growth phase (4-5 h) were used for 601 FACS analysis. 100 000 cells of each mixture were analyzed prior to the sorting. Gate P2 was 602 used to select for ΔcyaB mutant cells, gate P3 was used to sort for ΔcpdA cells. 603 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-of-the-sensor-plasmid-psenpcg3195-evzb53bn.png Fig. 1. Schematic overview of the sensor plasmid pSenPcg3195. The eyfp gene is under 550 control of a 188 bp fragment covering 163 bp upstream and 24 bp downstream of the 551 transcriptional start site of cg3195. In this way, the ribosome binding site of cg3195 552 (underlined) was positioned at the same distance to the start codon of eyfp as in the genome to 553 the start codon of cg3195. The eyfp coding sequence is in italics. The binding sites for GlxR 554 and IpsA are indicated with grey and white boxes, respectively. The IpsA binding site is not 555 fully contained on the plasmid. The transcriptional start (+1) is annotated as described 556 previously (Baumgart et al., 2013). An additional 10 bp upstream of the partial IpsA binding 557 site that belong to the pJC1 backbone are indicated with non-capitalized letters. 558 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principle-of-the-reporter-gene-based-camp-biosensor-30a9vh4n.png Fig. 2. Principle of the reporter gene-based cAMP biosensor for C. glutamicum. At high 561 intracellular cAMP concentrations (upper scheme) formation of the cAMP-GlxR complex is 562 favored which binds to the cg3195 promoter and represses expression of the eyfp reporter 563 gene. Low cAMP levels (lower scheme) result in lower levels of the cAMP-GlxR complex 564 and increased reporter gene expression. 565 566 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-response-of-c-glutamicum-wild-type-carrying-the-camp-ky4223s3.png Fig. 3. Response of C. glutamicum wild type carrying the cAMP biosensor plasmid 568 pSenPcg3195 to varying levels of GlxR (A, B, C) and cAMP (D, E, F). Panel A shows the 569 growth of C. glutamicum/pSenPcg3195/pXM19-glxR in CGXII minimal medium with 570 100 mM glucose and various concentrations of IPTG added at the start of the cultivation in 571 the BioLector system. In the control strain, pXMJ19-glxR was replaced by the empty plasmid 572 pXMJ19. Panel B shows the specific fluorescence (fluorescence/backscatter at 620 nm) of the 573 cultures shown in panel A. In panel C, the maximal specific fluorescence shown in panel B is 574 plotted as a function of the IPTG concentration used to induce glxR expression. In panel D, 575 growth of C. glutamicum/pSenPcg3195 in CGXII minimal medium with 100 mM glucose and 576 varying levels of cAMP added at the start of the cultivation is displayed. Panel E shows the 577 specific fluorescence of the cultures presented in panel D. In panel F, the maximal specific 578 fluorescence is plotted against the concentration of cAMP added to the medium. The results 579 of three biological replicates with standard deviations are shown. 580 581 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-growth-a-c-and-specific-fluorescence-b-d-of-c-t5t7z0z0.png Fig. 4. Growth (A, C) and specific fluorescence (B, D) of C. glutamicum wild type, the ∆cyaB 583 mutant, and the ∆cpdA mutant, all carrying the sensor plasmid pSenPcg3195. Cells were 584 cultivated in CGXII minimal medium supplemented with 100 mM glucose (A, B) or 100 mM 585 sodium acetate (C, D) as carbon source in the BioLector. The results of three biological 586 replicates with standard deviations are shown. 587 588 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-543-bacterial-strains-and-plasmids-used-in-this-jbbka75b.png Table 1 543 Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study. 544 https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-personnel-neutron-dosimeter-spectrometer-lho8u40efs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-spectrum-weighted-responses-of-oospec-8itukp7c.png Table 1. Mean Spectrum Weighted Responses of OOSPEC Components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-responses-of-dospec-components-cr-39-3ubx4n3p.png Figure 1. Relative responses of DOSPEC components - CR-39, polycarbonate, Kodak LR115 track etch detectors and TLD albedo, (a. Sensitivity of CR-39 and polycarbonate is the sum of tracks on both sides of the sample.) https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-screening-procedure-for-the-12g1et67uc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-median-lipid-composition-of-the-botryococcus-braunii-2jx873h2.png Table 4 Median lipid composition of the Botryococcus braunii strains bb2, 3, 8 and 10 grown in batch and continuous modes. The absolute lipid content was expressed as the median content of the four strains (in%DW) on the left columns of the table and normalized for comparison purpose to 100, on the right side columns of the table. The fold change was calculated as the ratio of the normalized values continuous vs batch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-variability-of-the-hydrocarbon-content-of-botryococcus-jwvluzat.png Fig. 1. Variability of the hydrocarbon content of Botryococcus braunii. Data from 35 measurements obtained for different strains of the three races of B. braunii, A, B [ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quantitative-screening-results-of-the-10-b-braunii-63yry7qe.png Table 2 Quantitative screening results of the 10 B. braunii strains cultivated in batch mode. max was calculated as followed: = ln Cx1Cx0 × 1 (t1−t0) with Cx1: concentration measured before the beginning of the stationary phase (at time t1), and Cx0: concentration measured before the beginning of the exponential phase (at time t0). td was estimated from max using td=ln2/( max × 24). Px was calculated on the first 20 days of the culture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-growth-curves-obtained-from-8-strains-of-botryococcus-17ur7fpb.png Fig. 2. Growth curves obtained from 8 strains of Botryococcus braunii cultivated in batch mode. The dry weight biomass concentration of the strains grown in batch mode under high dissolved inorganic carbon conditions are indicated according to the days of sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-median-polar-lipid-composition-of-the-botryococcus-3c20d2z0.png Fig. 4. Median polar lipid composition of the Botryococcus braunii strains bb2, 3, 8 and 10 grown in batch and continuous modes. Data are expressed as dry weight percentage (DW%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quantitative-screening-results-of-the-four-djadl45m.png Table 3 Quantitative screening results of the four Botryococcus braunii selected strains (bb2, 3, 8 and 10) cultivated in continuous mode. Biomass, HC and TAG productivities values are indicated, together with the final lipids composition measured at the end of the culture. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-a-sustainable-bioprocess-based-on-green-4qtqq6pcz2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xylitol-production-from-corn-cob-whole-slurry-by-j0sgo9r2.png Fig. 4. Xylitol production from corn cob whole slurry by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using 5% of solid and 24 FPU/g at (a) 30 °C and (b) 35 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-xylitol-production-from-corn-cob-whole-slurry-by-pre-2ns5pxxf.png Fig. 5. Xylitol production from corn cob whole slurry by pre-saccharification simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using 8% of solid. (a) PSSF1 with 8 FPU/g and (b) PSSF2 with 24 FPU/g of enzyme loading. (c) SSF1 with 8 FPU/g and (d) SSF2 with 24 FPU/g of enzyme loading. The dotted lines indicate the yeast inoculation time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-experimental-procedure-for-a-evaluation-2o4wpwcj.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of experimental procedure for (a) evaluation of the effect of autohydrolysis pretreatment at different different solid loadings on enzymatic saccharification and (b) optimization of operational conditions and process configuration for xylitol production using whole slurry corn cob. Dotted lines refer to an optional strategy for xylitol production by the complete removal of acetic acid from hemicellulosic hydrolysate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-response-surface-for-fitted-for-a-xylitol-u09u66hm.png Fig. 6. Response surface for fitted for (a) xylitol concentration (g/L), (b) xylitol yield (%) and (c) xylitol productivity (g/L·h). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-solid-and-liquid-fractions-3qv34khu.png Table 1 Chemical composition of solid and liquid fractions obtained from corn cob processing by autohydrolysis at Severity of 3.89 using high solid loading. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simultaneous-saccharification-and-fermentation-of-corn-3kolin8x.png Fig. 7. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corn cob whole slurry under optimal conditions (6.76 % of substrate loading and 24 FPU/g) using 11 g/L of inoculum and (a) enzymatic hydrolysed hydrolysate; (b) acid-hydrolysed hydrolysate and (c) 22 g/L of inoculum and acid-hydrolysed hydrolysate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operational-conditions-used-in-the-enzymatic-2law93x5.png Table 2 Operational conditions used in the enzymatic saccharification of 5% pretreated corn cob using 24 FPU/g and main results (glucose concentration and yield and xylose concentration and yield) obtained at 96 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-enzymatic-saccharification-of-whole-slurry-using-5-of-s0xy81vx.png Fig. 3. Enzymatic saccharification of whole-slurry using 5 % of pretreated corn cob from autohydrolysis at (a) 20%, (b) 25% (c) 30% of solid loading. Profiles of glucose, xylose and acetic acid concentrations. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-an-aerosol-retrieval-method-description-and-40q6i91doe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-series-plots-utc-of-horizontally-averaged-values-1dxabs4w.png FIG. 9. Time series plots (UTC) of horizontally averaged values of IFN concentration (particles per liter) for the (a) free run, (b) FP50, and (c) FP100. (d) The observed IFN vertical profile at approximately 2200 UTC 4 May 1998. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-series-plots-utc-showing-overall-measure-of-3aqhisuv.png FIG. 6. Time series plots (UTC) showing overall measure of agreement [defined in Eq. (4)] between observed and simulated values of IWP, LWP, LWDN, and SWDN (a) for experiments that only assimilate water paths (PA50 and PA100) and (b) for runs assimilating both water paths and surface fluxes (FP50 and FP100). (c), (d) Similar to (a) and (b), but using a higher number of minimization iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-time-series-plots-utc-of-the-vertical-distribution-m-1ewee92c.png FIG. 10. Time series plots (UTC) of the vertical distribution (m) of horizontally averaged values of CCN concentration (cm 3) for run FP100. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-numerical-experiments-that-correspond-1dutbrnd.png TABLE 1. Summary of the numerical experiments that correspond to results presented in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-series-plots-utc-of-comparisons-of-a-b-3t7oect5.png FIG. 5. Time series plots (UTC) of comparisons of (a), (b) downwelling radiative fluxes at the surface (W m 2) observed and simulated for the control run and experiments FL50, PA50, and PA100 for 4 May 1998. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-as-in-fig-7-but-for-simulated-and-retrieved-droplet-3jki6280.png FIG. 8. As in Fig. 7, but for simulated and retrieved droplet effective radius ( m; retrieved data are provided through the courtesy of P. Zuidema). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-series-plots-of-hourly-data-utc-for-a-b-2aoo3ua2.png FIG. 3. Time series plots of hourly data (UTC) for (a), (b) vertically integrated water paths (g m 2) and (c), (d) surface fluxes (W m 2) observed at SHEBA site on 4 May 1998. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-mlef-algorithm-2l58ardo.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the MLEF algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-automatic-solar-tracking-system-for-small-41fc754j62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gyroscope-angle-tracking-2um69x85.png Fig. 1: Gyroscope Angle Tracking https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-circuits-and-system-models-for-the-9w19jbtnmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-one-mode-and-steady-0-6-mm-beam-offset-cz1uzbmk.png Figure 4 One mode and steady 0.6 mm beam offset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-one-mode-and-steady-0-6-mm-beam-offset-3903d71b.png Figure 5 One mode and steady 0.6 mm beam offset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-one-mode-and-0-6-mm-oscillating-beam-offset-and-3103d5zz.png Figure 8 One mode and 0.6 mm oscillating beam offset and with 712 fs random, bunch timing errors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-synchronization-layout-3gcrqiol.png Figure 1: Synchronization layout. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-three-modes-and-0-6mm-oscillating-beam-offset-with-19661dxv.png Figure 10 Three modes and 0.6mm oscillating beam offset with 712 fs random, bunch timing errors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-one-mode-and-steady-0-6-mm-beam-offset-10ssfgkz.png Figure 3 One mode and steady 0.6 mm beam offset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-one-mode-and-steady-0-6-mm-beam-offset-21ay6smo.png Figure 6 One mode and steady 0.6 mm beam offset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-one-mode-and-steady-0-6-mm-beam-offset-38rksf3u.png Figure 7 One mode and steady 0.6 mm beam offset https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-an-uncertainty-quantification-predictive-kh6fdbj017 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bound-changes-of-the-laminar-flame-speed-qoi-2fpmhowt.png Table 6. Bound Changes of the Laminar Flame Speed QoI Suggested by VCM https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bound-changes-of-the-ignition-qoi-suggested-by-vcm-bq3donfp.png Table 5. Bound Changes of the Ignition QoI Suggested by VCM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-top-average-sum-of-squares-deviations-of-the-3b0umo8r.png Figure 10. (Top) Average sum-of-squares deviations of the optimized model predictions from the experimental observations. (Bottom) Number of bound violations, i.e., when model-predicted QoI values are outside their respective uncertainty bounds. The individual bars correspond to the indicated parameter sets. “Original” represents the initial literature value set (Table S5 of the Supporting Information), and the rest of the values designate the optimization methods of the present work. Colored in red are results obtained with the DLR-SynG 1 dataset, and colored in blue are those obtained with the DLR-SynG 2 dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-literature-experimental-data-for-23se9v3e.png Figure 1. Comparison of literature experimental data for atmospheric 50:50 H2/CO/air laminar flame speed with the reported uncertainty bars.69 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-of-uncertainty-intervals-for-the-selected-3nl99wff.png Table 3. Evaluation of Uncertainty Intervals for the Selected Laminar Flames https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-eight-self-inconsistent-qoi-1gk78qz3.png Table 4. Eight Self-Inconsistent QoI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-two-dimensional-projections-of-feasible-set-f-on-264qmmba.png Figure 9. Two-dimensional projections of feasible set F on QoI pairs. The axes are QoI values. Their ranges represent the uncertainty bounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-laminar-flame-speeds-experimental-data-53547186-1ces331w.png Figure 16. Laminar flame speeds: experimental data,53,54,71,86 symbols; initial model, black line; Varga et al.12 model, gray line; LS-H, red dotted line; VCM, red dash-dotted line; LS-F, blue dashed line; and 1N-F, blue short dashed line. Black stars are targets of the DLR-SynG 2 dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-cold-formed-steel-moment-resisting-21gmk2rfqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-design-parameters-of-cfs-joint-1mmtkfgf.png Figure 3. Design parameters of CFS joint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-m-th-curves-and-dsm-design-for-sb-and-cb-2qo5i0tl.png Figure 5. M-θ curves and DSM design for SB and CB connections with 300 mm deep F, S, S* and C beams with 2-6 mm thicknesses, without slip and with slip loads of 0.3Mp, 0.5Mp, 0.7Mp. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yielding-distribution-at-peak-m-for-connections-with-woay4pu4.png Table 2. Yielding distribution at peak M for connections with 200 mm deep S beam with 2 mm thickness Slip https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-overall-view-of-a-cb-connection-vertically-29kdcf95.png Figure 13. Overall view of a CB-connection vertically positioned in a test rig https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-fe-and-test-hysteretic-curves-for-the-cb-2y2z57ru.png Figure 14. FE and test hysteretic curves for the CB-connection with slip at 0.5Mp having 4mm thickness Ssection beam https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-fe-and-test-deformed-shape-at-0-08rad-rotation-for-1xfobfsh.png Figure 15. FE and test deformed shape at 0.08rad rotation for the CB-connection having 4mm thickness Ssection beam with connection slip at 0.5Mp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-m-th-curves-and-dsm-design-for-sb-and-cb-frazjkln.png Figure 6. M-θ curves and DSM design for SB and CB connections with 200 mm deep F and S beams with 2 mm thicknesses, without slip and with slip loads of 0.3Mp, 0.5Mp, 0.7Mp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-developed-web-bolted-cfs-connection-with-non-3es83s5a.png Figure 1. Developed web-bolted CFS connection with non-uniform bolt-group bearing elongation [3] https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-experimental-methods-for-quantifying-the-cox2t7r381 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-specification-of-apparatus-3dxbb1f8.png Table 4: Specification of apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-test-room-with-test-subject-mz9007d5.png Figure 1: Schematic of the test room with test subject positioned inside https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-questions-and-the-bipolar-descriptions-of-the-17o6he09.png Table 5: Questions and the bipolar descriptions of the answers in the questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-spectral-reflectance-and-chromaticity-under-a-uz7d7n0c.png Figure 8: Spectral reflectance and Chromaticity under a standard D65 light source https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-wilcoxon-signed-rank-paired-test-between-errors-lq2gq648.png Table 9. Wilcoxon signed-rank paired test between errors recorded in Achromatic (AA) and Chromatic Acuity (CA) tasks under three light conditions with significant results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparisons-between-medians-of-time-spent-units-are-11j27xqn.png Figure 9: Comparisons between medians of time spent (units are seconds) in the achromatic acuity (AA), chromatic acuity (AA), and colour naming (CN) tasks under the three window conditions, respectively. Error bars show the 95% confidence intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-section-view-of-the-subject-viewing-position-inside-2j0ivabs.png Figure 7: Section view of the subject viewing position inside the test room. Achromatic and chromatic Landolt rings used in objective tasks (not to scale) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-procedures-and-estimated-time-2c8zz35s.png Table 6. Procedures and estimated time https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-electric-field-stress-control-devices-for-a-y2o8syrh85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-grounded-end-grading-device-position-variation-2aoquo86.png Fig. 5. Grounded end grading device position variation (parameter d) and optimal positions A and B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-hv-grading-device-for-the-132-kv-ica-2pwqm3i7.png Fig. 8. HV grading device for the 132 kV ICA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-maximum-electric-field-magnitude-at-the-triple-fls9p87f.png Fig. 6. Maximum electric field magnitude at the triple junction against the distance (d) of the grounded-end grading device from the edge of the compression insulator end-fitting. At positions A (30 mm - 40 mm) and B (70 mm) the electric field magnitude is reduced below the 3.5 kV/cm limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-electric-field-contours-for-the-grounded-end-with-2qq58hqb.png Fig. 7. Electric field contours for the grounded end with grading device. Maximum electric field magnitude at the triple junction is 3.5 kV/cm; maximum electric field on the grading device is 12 kV/cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-insulating-cross-arm-it-consists-of-four-1ediu72a.png Fig. 1. The insulating cross-arm. It consists of four insulating members end fittings, electric field grading devices and a nose connection for the attachment of the conductor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-electric-field-magnitude-on-the-surface-and-inside-sgnj5bkt.png Fig. 10. Electric field magnitude on the surface and inside the core of the compression insulator at 132 kV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-electric-field-contours-for-hv-end-with-grading-device-3l6z4pnh.png Fig. 9. Electric field contours for HV-end with grading device. Maximum electric field magnitude at the triple junction is 2.9 kV/cm; maximum electric field on the grading device is 6.7 kV/cm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-corona-extinction-voltage-3jym3m3m.png TABLE II CORONA EXTINCTION VOLTAGE https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-master-s-programs-in-sustainable-engineering-17ge01pw52 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-curricular-structure-of-the-master-of-science-program-2clwmr70.png Fig. 2. Curricular Structure of the Master of Science Program in Sustainable Engineering https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-curricular-structure-of-the-master-of-engineering-1vflca81.png Fig. 1. Curricular Structure of the Master of Engineering Program in Sustainable Engineering https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-ice-particles-in-convective-clouds-observed-s0kypsa9iw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-as-figure-5-but-for-the-test-run-t1-17j37dhm.png Figure 7. As Figure 5, but for the test run T1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-observations-on-15-july-2007-of-vertical-wind-lwc-2idl5s9t.png Figure 4. Observations on 15 July 2007 of vertical wind, LWC and concentration of ice particles larger than 50µm measured by SID-2 during penetrations: (a) at 1445 UTC, ≈ 4.6 km amsl, T ≈ −4 ◦C, (b) at 1457 UTC, ≈ 5 km amsl, T ≈ −7 ◦C, and (c) at 1509 UTC, ≈ 5.3 km amsl, T ≈ −9 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-maximum-reflectivity-in-the-model-for-f00su8qp.png Figure 6. Evolution of maximum reflectivity in the model for (a) the reference run, (b) test run T1, and (c) test run T2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-as-figure-5-but-for-the-test-run-t2-3hqe0t9g.png Figure 8. As Figure 5, but for the test run T2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flight-track-of-aircraft-heading-north-over-the-1t38kaxl.png Figure 1. Flight track of aircraft heading north over the mountains from 1335 to 1346 UTC on 15 July 2007. The magnitude of the updraught speed is indicated by the colour scale. Wind vectors show the horizontal wind direction and speed. The two ellipses show the location of the clouds as determined by the satellite images at 1330 UTC, and the coloured dots indicate the reflectivity (dBZ) measured by POLDIRAD at 1430 UTC. The colour scale for the reflectivity is –5–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, and 50–60 dBZ in grey, green, yellow, orange, red, and dark red, respectively. The coloured lines are the elevation with contours at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 m. The location of POLDIRAD is (7.61◦E, 48.74◦N). The IMK radar was located at Karlsruhe (8.36◦E, 49.01◦N). Note that one tenth of a degree of longitude is 7.4 km and 7.3 km at latitudes 48 and 49◦N, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-observations-from-a-penetration-made-in-the-8inpkzqb.png Figure 9. Observations from a penetration made in the downshear direction on 11 July 2007 at 1204 UTC. (a) LWC (upper) and concentration of particles (lower) measured by the 2DC and 2DP instruments. Examples of particle images from the CPI and 2DC instruments are shown in (b) and (c). For each CPI image box in (b), the particle size is shown on the lower left corner. The distance between the vertical lines in (c) represents 800µm. The vertical wind is not shown because of icing problems in the instrument during the penetration. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-one-step-reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-229xtm1put 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-of-products-amplified-from-57jbuxxv.png Fig. 1. Agarose gel electrophoresis of products amplified from DHV-1–infected duckling liver samples using DHV-1–specific primers and direct one-step RT-PCR. Lane M, 100-bp DNA marker; lanes 1 and 2, DHV-1 strains DRL-62 and R85952, respectively; lanes 3–9, Korean DHV-1 isolates AP-03317, AP-03337, AP-04009, AP-04092, AP-04114, AP-04203, and AP-04Q6, respectively; and lane 10, negative control (DHV-1– uninfected duckling liver sample). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-of-products-amplified-q95pdpc4.png Fig. 2. Agarose gel electrophoresis of products amplified using DHV-1–specific primers and direct one-step RT-PCR. Lane M, 100-bp DNA marker; lanes 1 and 2, DHV-1 strains DRL-62 and R85952, respectively; lanes 3 and 4, Korean DHV-1 isolates AP-03337 and AP-04203, respectively; lanes 5–18, AEV, reovirus, AIV, NDV, IBV, IBDV, adenovirus, LTV, R. anatipestifer, P. multocida, E. coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, M. gallisepticum, and M. synoviae, respectively; and lane 19, negative control (DHV-1–uninfected duckling liver sample). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-avian-pathogens-used-for-one-step-rt-pcr-1jl14ifl.png Table 1. Avian pathogens used for one-step RT-PCR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-of-dhv-1-one-step-rt-pcr-3u38ygi2.png Fig. 4. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DHV-1 one-step RT-PCR products from duck embryo livers (A) and allantoic fluid (B) and chicken embryo livers (C) and allantoic fluid (D). Lane M, 100-bp DNA marker; lanes 1 and 2, DHV-1 strains DRL-62 and R85952, respectively; lanes 3– 9, Korean DHV-1 isolates AP-03317, AP-03337, AP-04009, AP-04092, AP-04114, AP-04203, and AP-04Q6, respectively; and lane 10, negative control (DHV-1–uninfected duck embryo liver or allantoic fluid). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-agarose-gel-electrophoresis-of-one-step-rt-pcr-2ui7hafo.png Fig. 3. Agarose gel electrophoresis of one-step RT-PCR amplification of RNA prepared from serial dilutions of DHV-1–infected liver homogenates. Lane M, 100-bp DNA marker; one-step RT-PCR amplification of RNA prepared from serial dilutions of DHV-1 ranging from 105 to 1022 ELD50 100 ml21. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-rwhet-to-simulate-contaminant-transport-in-7jz9cq5pnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-34-example-5-particle-tracking-through-a-e81nyjhz.png Figure 34. Example 5 - Particle tracking through a heterogeneous medium. (a) The distribution of hydrofacies generated by T-PROGS [Carle, 1999]. (b) The simulated contour of hydraulic head using MODFLOW and the streamlines (blue lines) calculated by https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-six-numerical-cases-shown-in-figure-12-and-the-2l2jbn9c.png Table 2. The six numerical cases shown in Figure 12 and the time step for particle tracking. In the legend, T1 = (b/6)2 / D0, and T2 = (b/4)2 / D0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-snapshot-particle-clouds-simulated-by-the-dns-xral5xq1.png Figure 13. A snapshot (particle clouds) simulated by the DNS-Reflective method in a single fracture with downward transport and fracture-matrix particle transfer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-tests-of-rwhet-pan-bodvarsson-influence-of-the-29dc4wfm.png Figure 23. Tests of RWHet-Pan&Bodvarsson: Influence of the retardation coefficient on BTC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-example-3-concentration-profiles-i-e-normalized-9bknxfrq.png Figure 31. Example 3 - Concentration profiles (i.e., normalized concentration over time) at the well during an injection/pumping cycle. The symbols are the numerical solutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-numerical-tests-of-rwhet3-25-nuft-f90-variable-1xcz6gho.png Figure 4. Numerical tests of RWHet3.25_NUFT.f90: Variable longitudinal dispersivity αL in fracture (units: meter). The other model parameters are: (free-water) diffusion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numerical-tests-of-rwhet3-25-nuft-f90-variable-iidxbx9c.png Figure 3. Numerical tests of RWHet3.25_NUFT.f90: Variable aperture 2b (units: meter). The other model parameters are: (free-water) diffusion coefficient 0D =1×10 -9 m2/s, velocity V=1m/day, fracture dispersivity αL=0 m, fracture spacing 2B=1m, matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-conceptual-model-of-a-single-fracture-matrix-qhili67w.png Figure 10. Conceptual model of a single fracture-matrix system. In the figure, D denotes the molecular diffusion coefficient, θ denotes the porosity, and R is the retardation https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-techniques-to-investigate-sonoluminescence-as-4mdlnm8v9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-sonoluminescence-process-after-3l8csr2h.png Figure 1.—A schematic of the sonoluminescence process (after ref. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sonoluminescence-flight-hardware-testing-in-2003-fsckdgsl.png Figure 2.—Sonoluminescence flight hardware testing in 2003. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-sem-image-comparison-of-as-deposited-3-um-thick-3e0ewkki.png Figure 12.—SEM image comparison of as-deposited, 3-µm-thick films of pure platinum coating alumina substrates exposed to sonoluminescence with (a) D2O, and (b) H2O. The arrows https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-properties-important-to-sonoluminescence-for-3ociw4u3.png TABLE II.—PROPERTIES IMPORTANT TO SONOLUMINESCENCE FOR DIFFERENT SOLVENTS AT 20 °C (REF. 30) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-true-color-picture-of-sonoluminescence-in-light-1fkut8ev.png Figure 11.—True-color picture of sonoluminescence in light water (contrast-enhanced). Exposure time was 2 min. at f/2.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-enhanced-images-of-mbsl-at-93-28-khz-in-the-250-ml-35kbx5xu.png Figure 10.—Enhanced images of MBSL at 93.28 kHz in the 250 ml flask. Exposure time was 5 min. at f/2.8. The field of view is 11.4 by 8.8 cm. MBSL shown in (a) grayscale and (b) false color highlighting filament structure with a guide to outline the ring pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-enhanced-images-of-mbsl-at-68-76-khz-in-the-250-ml-3ccs3wpe.png Figure 9.—Enhanced images of MBSL at 68.76 kHz in the 250 ml flask. Exposure time was 3 min at f/2.8. The field of view is 11.4 by 8.8 cm. Image shown in (a) grayscale and (b) false color https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-large-20-by-10-um-failure-of-the-pdcr-film-over-hbkyeh6u.png Figure 15.—A large 20 by 10 µm failure of the PdCr film over Pt film. Globules of PdCr are seen (arrows) on the 1-µm-thick Pt film that is still adhering. https://scispace.com/papers/development-scenarios-for-the-north-and-baltic-sea-grid-a-4ha12g94po 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-development-of-national-welfare-compared-to-no-1m2gb4lc.png Figure 4: Development of National Welfare Compared to no Offshore Extensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-congestion-rent-for-the-existing-offshore-links-in-i1tliqg6.png Figure 6: Congestion Rent for the Existing Offshore Links in Trade / Meshed design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-offshore-grid-and-wind-scenarios-1416uyas.png Figure 2: Offshore Grid and Wind Scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-welfare-and-rental-distribution-in-a-two-node-3ozio9ok.png Figure 1: Welfare and rental distribution in a two node example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rent-shifting-with-trade-left-and-meshed-right-3gkyl3ce.png Figure 5: Rent Shifting with Trade (left) and Meshed (right) Network Design for 2009 https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-the-pc-gmaw-welding-technology-for-tmcp-steel-3lsw5xj816 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-s460m-steel-as-received-mechanical-properties-2gewwoyb.png Table 2. The S460M steel as received: mechanical properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-microstructure-of-cghaz-of-the-s460m-steel-w6-5-25-3lgcb7zm.png Figure 5. Microstructure of CGHAZ of the S460M steel; W6/5 = 25 °C/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hardness-of-welded-joints-of-steel-s460m-13kz88k6.png Figure 7. Hardness of welded joints of steel S460M. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-microstructure-of-the-weld-metal-a-c-and-haz-b-d-of-11zu3rj3.png Figure 6. Microstructure of the weld metal (a, c) and HAZ (b, d) of S460M steel, made by traditional arc (a, b) and pulse-arc (c, d) welding (x500). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-s460m-steel-as-received-chemical-composition-wt-1ho0qu4k.png Table 1. The S460M steel as received: chemical composition, wt. % https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mechanical-properties-of-welded-steel-joints-of-the-14y2do6n.png Table 3. Mechanical properties of welded steel joints of the S460M under different welding methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-microstructure-of-the-s460m-steel-as-it-was-offzwmqd.png Figure 1. Microstructure of the S460M steel as it was received. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-toughness-dependence-on-cooling-rate-for-the-33ne060d.png Figure 4. Impact toughness dependence on cooling rate for the S460M steel. https://scispace.com/papers/development-of-the-magnetic-cone-for-the-center-of-the-1m6u5z9740 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-magnet-field-flutter-model-approximation-compared-to-16bkl1o0.png Fig. 1. Magnet field flutter, model approximation compared to full scale. https://scispace.com/papers/developments-in-compartmentalized-bimetallic-transition-1omgcs49ml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bis-phenoxyimine-catalysts-based-on-titanium-and-2vllf7mt.png Fig. 1 Bis(phenoxyimine) catalysts based on titanium and vanadium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dizirconium-and-dihafnium-constrained-geometry-type-1vxy4hld.png Fig. 2 Dizirconium and dihafnium constrained geometry-type precatalysts, 4 - 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-mixed-metal-bimetallic-transition-metal-complexes-42-2anoj7o5.png Fig. 15 Mixed-metal bimetallic transition metal complexes, 42 and 43 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-xanthene-bridged-dinuclear-nickel-ii-complexes-19-22-2us3xxt8.png Fig. 8 Xanthene-bridged dinuclear nickel(II) complexes, 19 − 22 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-seven-examples-of-bimetallic-fe-and-co-complexes-30-1hi8o88s.png Fig. 13 Seven examples of bimetallic (Fe and Co) complexes, 30 – 36 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ethylene-oligomerization-and-polymerization-by-1nhycbh0.png Table 3 Ethylene oligomerization and polymerization by complexes 35a–ha https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phenoxyimine-containing-binuclear-nickel-complexes-9-1opgao59.png Fig. 4 Phenoxyimine-containing binuclear nickel complexes 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-macrocyclic-bimetallic-nickel-complexes-17-and-18-2x58480z.png Fig. 7 Macrocyclic bimetallic nickel complexes 17 and 18. https://scispace.com/papers/developments-in-high-fidelity-surface-force-models-and-their-f5t8jjplun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-flux-at-envisat-and-gps-spacecraft-at-one-38yacrsq.png Figure 4. The flux at Envisat and GPS spacecraft at one specific epoch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-flux-emitted-by-the-earth-due-to-long-wave-2jvy8913.png Figure 2. The flux emitted by the Earth due to long wave emission (the entire surface) and short wave reflection (the day side, in this case the right hand side of the figure). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-flux-incident-on-the-bus-and-solar-panels-of-7z6ur0un.png Figure 6. The flux incident on the bus and solar panels of ENVISAT and GPS spacecraft over one orbit. https://scispace.com/papers/diachronic-analysis-of-individual-tree-mortality-in-a-norway-g3xlfakzo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3spr9n1i.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stand-characteristics-of-the-permanent-plot-497-498-1hjsqi36.png Table 1. Stand characteristics of the permanent plot. 497 498 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1agemty2.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-33b3434w.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-parameters-and-fit-statistics-of-the-2j1lh5id.png Table 2. Estimated parameters and fit statistics of the logistic models. 513 514 https://scispace.com/papers/diagnosing-stream-ecosystem-integrity-in-the-ordesa-vinamala-534ynv78ho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cluster-analysis-of-study-sites-based-on-fish-20ssgdt3.png Figure 4. Cluster analysis of study sites based on fish abundances using the Bray-Curtis index of similarity. Fish densities by catch per unit of effort (CPUE, number of specimens captured per hour). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-study-sites-in-the-ara-and-gallego-1e9038va.png Figure 1. Location of study sites in the Ara and Gállego River Basins, in the Ordesa-Viñamala Biosphere Reserve. Dark-dotted areas represent urban surfaces. The coding of samples sites is used in all figures and tables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cluster-analysis-of-study-sites-based-on-presence-q3iafull.png Figure 5. Cluster analysis of study sites based on presence/absence of macroinvertebrate families using the BrayCurtis index of similarity. Scores for IBMWP/IASPT indices and the classification of their ecological status. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-fish-caught-time-surveyed-60-minutes-size-21prqwoh.png Table 2. Number of fish caught (time surveyed 60 minutes), size range (total length in millimeters), total biomass measured (in grams) and occurrence of taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates (dark circles) collected at study sites along the Ara and the Gállego River Basins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pca-biplot-of-study-for-habitat-characterisation-1po3za0a.png Figure 2. PCA biplot of study for habitat characterisation: Water physicochemical parameters (temperature, oxygen concentration, pH and conductivity) and physical habitat parameters (substrate type, mean width, mean depth, mean water velocity and shaded percentage of the river channel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-locality-and-sampling-data-habitat-characterisation-dpjwhfcy.png Table 1. Locality and sampling data, habitat characterisation parameters, environmental quality indices and water nutrients values at study sites along the Ara and the Gállego River Basins. Sampling codes correspond to shown in Figure 1. IHF: Fluvial Habitat Index, QBR: Riparian Forest Quality Index, QHEI: Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index, RQI: Riparian Quality Index, IBMWP: Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party, IASPT: Iberian Average Score Per Taxon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pca-biplot-of-study-sites-for-ecological-integrity-24vgdez7.png Figure 3. PCA biplot of study sites for ecological integrity: Environmental quality indices (QHEI, QBR, RQI, IHF and IBMWP), nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, chloride and sulphate concentration) and hydrochemical parameters (temperature, oxygen concentration, pH and conductivity). https://scispace.com/papers/diagnosis-of-lung-cancer-improving-survival-rates-eyfhroxrk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-key-randomised-controlled-trials-of-the-1xhoqhu4.png Table 1: Summary of key randomised-controlled trials of the use of chest x-ray with or without sputum cytology for screening for lung cancer https://scispace.com/papers/diagnosis-of-carpal-tunnel-syndrome-4jdyujy47v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-ranges-of-the-two-point-sensing-according-to-1uk9oygj.png Table 2. The ranges of the two-point sensing according to Rosen-Lundborg [15] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-classification-of-cts-severity-based-on-wrist-r5odzxs6.png Table 4. Classification of CTS severity based on wrist ultrasound examination [30] https://scispace.com/papers/diagnostic-accuracy-of-ultrasound-and-magnetic-resonance-22ky4iob7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stener-lesion-of-the-thumb-ulnar-collateral-2r1ydbrj.png Figure 1: Stener lesion of the thumb ulnar collateral ligament (A) Illustration of the ruptured ulnar collateral ligament (arrow) dislocated superficial and proximal to the adductor https://scispace.com/papers/diagnostic-value-of-coronary-ct-angiography-with-prospective-2sq49giy2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-23twtyai.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-guuazmem.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-18s9ve0n.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1nqz68sy.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3hthgdzw.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/diagnostic-value-of-targeted-next-generation-sequencing-in-4wepycp1b0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-pathogenic-variants-identified-in-the-16ehct8q.png Figure 3 Number of pathogenic variants identified in the patients in relation to the final diagnosis. In four cases, the results were false negative. One patient had a KRAS pathogenic variant (frequency of 3%) and was diagnosed with pancreatitis. Two patients with an IPMN had a KRAS variant; one patient with an IPMN had a KRAS and a GNAS variant, and these IPMNs did not progress towards malignancy. IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; PA, pathological; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-all-gene-variants-detected-in-the-70-included-1o7ko6b4.png Figure 2 All gene variants detected in the 70 included patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-at-baseline-and-the-actual-treatment-391k7yqm.png Table 1 Characteristics at baseline and the actual treatment and final diagnosis of the included patients https://scispace.com/papers/diagnostics-for-heteroscedasticity-in-regression-vnoglny6re 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-12-and-table-2-go-here-hmzstf91.png Figures 1,2.and Table 2 go here https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-percen-age-points-from-the-small-sample-1abvlk76.png TABLE 1 - Simulated percen~age points from the small sample, null distribution of the score statistic Situation Level Score-10 Score-3 Score-1 sf Bickel https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-score-tests-tree-data-table-3-score-tests-gas-vapor-1tin64xr.png TABLE 2 ~ Score tests, tree data TABLE 3 - Score tests, gas vapor data Weight function z Score df Weight function z Score df - https://scispace.com/papers/diarrhea-helminth-infection-dehydration-and-malnutrition-54h1t8z1yk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operational-definitions-38s939qa.png Table 1. Operational definitions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-sample-descriptives-of-demographic-health-and-2es07we2.png Table 3. Main sample descriptives of demographic, health, and hygiene-related factors of students (N = 1,558) and WaSH-related structural factors of schools (N = 15). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-multiple-logistic-regression-models-of-observed-12dnhfmz.png Table 8. Multiple logistic regression models of observed malnutrition among students from subsample and risk factors in homes in Metro Manila (n = 211). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multiple-logistic-regression-models-of-self-reported-1ztzkf98.png Table 5. Multiple logistic regression models of self-reported diarrhea and STH infection among students (N = 1,296) from main sample and risk factors in schools (N = 14). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multiple-logistic-regression-model-of-observed-32rm0lbg.png Table 6. Multiple logistic regression model of observed malnutrition among students (n = 1,292) from main sample and risk factors in schools in Metro Manila (n = 14). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-subsample-descriptives-of-demographic-hygiene-and-23bx4vah.png Table 4. Subsample descriptives of demographic, hygiene- and food security-related factors of households and WaSH-related structural factors of homes (n = 211). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-multiple-logistic-regression-models-of-self-reported-17n0zr05.png Table 7. Multiple logistic regression models of self-reported diarrhea and STH infection among students from subsample and risk factors in homes in Metro Manila (n = 212). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-schools-included-in-survey-by-barangay-the-smallest-39yawrmv.png Table 2. Schools included in survey by “barangay”, the smallest government unit in the Philippines (N = 15). https://scispace.com/papers/did-the-2007-legal-arizona-workers-act-reduce-the-state-s-41dnhp6taw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-states-receiving-positive-weights-for-the-synthetic-38dfq7gw.png Table 2 States Receiving Positive Weights for the Synthetic Control Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trends-in-the-proportion-of-arizona-residents-that-3uwnbcv3.png Table 1 Trends in the Proportion of Arizona Residents that Are Foreign-Born, that are Non-Citizens, and that are Hispanic NonCitizens, all Residents and by Education for Residents 15 Years of Age and Older, 1998 to 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-impact-of-the-passage-and-introduction-of-1ps4y9v4.png Table 6 Estimated Impact of the Passage and Introduction of LAWA on Various Sub-Sets of the Foreign-Born Population by Broad Age Groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-difference-in-the-proportion-foreign-born-relative-2dpimz0p.png Figure 4: Difference in the Proportion Foreign-Born Relative to the Synthetic Control Group, All States (Arizona Displayed with Thick Red Line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hjfe40b4.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-impact-of-the-passage-and-introduction-of-2qvnpt6w.png Table 5 Estimated Impact of the Passage and Introduction of LAWA on Hispanic Naturalized Citizens, on Rental Vacancy Rates and on Vacancy Rates for Owner-Occupied Housing https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimated-impact-of-the-passage-and-introduction-of-1rrcma8a.png Table 7 Estimated Impact of the Passage and Introduction of LAWA on Various Sub-Sets of the Prime Working Age Foreign-Born Population by Gender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-2nefkgow.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/papers/die-anuren-batrachier-der-deutschen-fauna-untersucht-und-36ge96jpnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kopf-ijiit-der-form-der-ohrdrusen-von-b-tfo-calamita-2-2d4gf07j.png Fig. 1. Kopf ijiit der Form der Ohrdrüsen von B^tfo calamita. „ 2. Kopf und Form der Ohrdrüsen von Bufo vulgaris. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-am-harnleiter-von-betrachtlicher-grosse-beginnt-1eiwatjw.png Fig. 26) am Harnleiter, von beträchtlicher Grösse, beginnt gleich unmittelbar an der Niere, als weissliche oder auch schwäi'zlich pigmentirte drüsige Masse von knospig - höckerigem Aussehen. Rösel hat sie schon abgebildet, doch nicht sonderlich ; weit besser ist dies von Swajdierdam geschehen. Die fernere Prüfung erkennt sie als Aussackung am Harn-Samenleiter ; ihre Innentläche ist von netzig-grubiger Beschaffenheit und bedeckt von einem schönen, grosskernigen Epithel ; in der bindegewebigen Grundlage unterscheide ich Geflechte glatter Muskeln. Bei Männchen im gepaarten Zustande sind die Samenblasen prall erfüllt von Samenmassen und alsdann, insoweit sie nicht pigmentirt sind, von gelbweisser Farbe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-64-stuck-des-axisfuhrungsg-anges-einer-grosseren-244kegyh.png Fig. 64. Stück des Axisführungsg-anges einer grösseren Hautdrüse von Bombinator igiieus. Er ist vielzellig. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-66-u-67-in-den-grossen-hautwarzen-des-ruckens-verbirgt-16xaij8j.png Fig. 66 u. 67). In den grossen Hautwarzen des Rückens •) verbirgt sich eine entsprechend grosse Drüse, deren AusmUndung auf dem Gipfel des Hornhückers liegen kann, so dass sich der letztere wie eine die Drüsenölfuung umstellende Wucherung der Epidermis ausnimmt; doch kann aucli die Mündung der Drüse seitwärts vom Hornliöcker den Platz haben. Die Drüsenöffnung ist durch eine Art Pfropf geschlossen. Die Warzen der Bauchgegend bergen entweder ebenfalls eine grössere Drüse in ihrem Inneren, oder sie umschliessen anstatt einer solchen mehrere mittelgrosse ; oder es können endlicli die Warzen ohne allen drüsigen Inhalt sein Dies zeigt, dass die Warzenbildung unabhängig von den Drüsen besteht. Die Drüsenanhäufimg der Olirgegend, Parotis, bildet einen ovalen, schwach gebogenen Wulst, dessen innerer Rand sich in der Mitte etwas wölbt, während der Aussenrand gerade und steil abfällt und https://scispace.com/figures/fig-81-unter-dem-mikroskoj-wird-klar-dass-der-eigentliche-19g5d3bc.png Fig. 81). Unter dem Mikroskoj) wird klar, dass der eigentliche Zahnstreifen um Vieles kleiner und schmäler ist und aus 2 bis 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-u-7-versinnlicht-durch-die-gelbe-farbe-des-dotters-3qmq83k2.png Fig. 6 u. 7 , versinnlicht. Durch die gelbe Farbe des Dotters hebt der Theil sich gut von dem weissgrauen Embryo ab. Hierin stimmt auch der Embryo von Notoclelphys mit dem des Alytes überein. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-83-zellen-der-aussersten-lage-von-der-epidermis-der-6ve5w6l4.png Fig. 83. Zellen der äussersten Lage von der Epidermis der Daumenschwiele, von der Fläche gesehen, ebenfalls von Rana agilis: es zeigt sich fein gekörnelte lieliefbiklung. https://scispace.com/papers/die-bakteriologie-in-der-augenheilkunde-36dnj6yq7e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-gonokokken-von-einer-blennorrhoea-neonatorum-15dfwyp5.png Fig. I. Gonokokken (von einer Blennorrhoea neonatorum). Gramnegative (rotgefärbte) semmelförmige Diplokokken, mit Vorliebe in Zellen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-iv-streptokokkenconjunctivitis-von-einer-21x631xf.png Fig. IV. Streptokokkenconjunctivitis (von einer pseudomembranösen Conjunctivitis). Grampositive (blaugefärbte) runde Kokken, zum Teil in Ketten, vielfach auch in Diploform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-vi-lofflersche-diphtheriebazillen-von-pseudomembranoser-1o5ci63u.png Fig. VI. LÖFFLERsche Diphtheriebazillen. (Von pseudomembranöser Conjunctivitis.) Grampositive, oft gebogene Bazillen mit verdickten Enden. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-ausstrich-von-ulcus-serpens-mit-pneumokokken-2iu7vjb0.png Fig. I. Gonokokken (von einer Blennorrhoea neonatorum). Gramnegative (rotgefärbte) semmelförmige Diplokokken, mit Vorliebe in Zellen. https://scispace.com/papers/did-you-really-get-the-message-using-text-reminders-to-4gc6djktx5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-ipm-adoption-practices-and-3no05hby.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics of IPM adoption practices and scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-marginal-effects-of-treatment-and-covariates-on-2gbr2aex.png Table 7: Marginal effects of treatment and covariates on adoption scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-marginal-effects-of-treatment-and-covariates-on-1pm1dj0w.png Table 6: Marginal effects of treatment and covariates on knowledge scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-marginal-effects-of-treatment-knowledge-and-3forfv0e.png Table 8: Marginal effects of treatment, knowledge, and covariates on adoption scores (Con’t) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-balance-of-covariates-17089cbq.png Table 5: Balance of covariates https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-marginal-effects-of-treatment-knowledge-and-2uxmj3vt.png Table 8: Marginal effects of treatment, knowledge, and covariates on adoption scores (Con’t) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-ipm-knowledge-questions-pjwytz8j.png Table 4: Descriptive statistics for IPM knowledge questions and scores Sample Control Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-ipm-knowledge-questions-and-their-2paejbxi.png Table 2: Description of IPM knowledge questions and their categorization to generate knowledge scores https://scispace.com/papers/die-gattung-neritina-1txnrpi269 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-deckel-von-n-turrita-chemn-dieselbe-untergattung-s-16-1o28trbx.png Fig. 15. Deckel von N turrita Chemn., dieselbe Untergattung, S. 16 und 107, doppelt vergrössert. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-s-179-vergrossert-neritina-bicolor-reel-s-181-138qxvko.png Fig. 21. S. 179, vergrössert. Neritina bicolor Reel. S. 181, Philippinen. — 22. „ subpunctata Reel., S. 179. Philippinen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-zeichnung-von-n-cmorostoma-vergrossert-18-retropicta-9s32ojps.png Fig. 17. Zeichnung von N. cMorostoma, vergrössert. — 18. „ „ „ retropicta, vergrössert. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-5-neritina-belladonna-parreyss-in-collectionibiis-3i9rcdes.png Fig. 4, 5. Neritina belladonna Parreyss in collectionibiis Mousson loc. cit. 53, und Journ. Conch. XXII 1874 p. 16 und 35. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-9-neritina-virginea-var-turriculata-menke-s-123-124-1c6sxsm4.png Fig, 1—9. Neritina virginea var, turriculata Menke S. 123, 124. Verschiedene Zeichnungs-Varietäten. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1080-nicht-1081-1hnt7o07.png Fig. 1080 (nicht 1081). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-37-39-im-obern-euphratgebiet-n-mesopotamica-und-3m7y2urr.png Fig. 37—39.) im obern Euphratgebiet N. Mesopotamica und cinctella. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-var-spirata-westerlund-s-208-von-der-insel-gotland-tixy6on7.png Fig. 4, 5. Neritina belladonna Parreyss in collectionibiis Mousson loc. cit. 53, und Journ. Conch. XXII 1874 p. 16 und 35. https://scispace.com/papers/die-in-der-atmosphare-vorhandenen-organisirten-korperchen-4gywxp8hb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-6-ballons-her-von-denen-jeder-einschliesst-3anhtexg.png Fig. 10 6 Ballons her, von denen jeder einschliesst https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-tafel-ii-habe-ich-krystalle-dieser-saure-gezeichnet-1cj7nayi.png Fig. 23 (Tafel II) habe ich Krystalle dieser Säure gezeichnet, welche in einem fünfzehn Tage lang bei einer Temperatur von 1 1° sauer gebliebenen Urin abgesetzt worden waren, an dessen Oberfläche nur die schon in Fig. 2 1 dargestellte Mucorinee entstanden war. https://scispace.com/papers/diesel-ignition-delay-and-lift-off-length-through-different-4rjt0nx3ay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-optical-setups-106f4jgs.png Table 2: Detailed optical setups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ignition-delay-results-for-all-conditions-tested-33d5boav.png Fig. 5: Ignition delay results for all conditions tested. Horizontal axis correspond to Schlieren imaging and vertical axis to broadband chemiluminescence. Le plot corresponds to variations of oxygen concentration, while the right plot to injection pressures. Black solid line represents y = x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-e-ect-of-ambient-conditions-on-ignition-delay-on-the-l4g07vsr.png Fig. 6: E ect of ambient conditions on ignition delay. On the le the e ects of oxygen concentration, temperature and injection pressure is shown. On the right the e ect of density. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empirical-correlation-results-for-ignition-delay-coe-3tjcvstk.png Table 3: Empirical correlation results for ignition delay. Coe cient obtained by Benajes et al. [20] for Spray A are reported for reference and comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-setup-used-photron-sa-x2-for-broadband-1b73p2rj.png Fig. 1: Optical setup used. Photron SA-X2 for broadband chemiluminescence. Andor iStar ICCD camera equipped with 310 nm center wavelength (CWL) lter for quasi-steady LOL. Phantom - V12 for schlieren imaging. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ignition-delay-le-and-li-o-length-right-comparison-241bpf8v.png Fig. 10: Ignition delay (le ) and li -o length (right) comparison between a single ori ce (Spray A) and multi ori ce (Spray B) injectors. Color gradients correspond to injection pressure variations, lightest color is 50 MPa going to the darkest color 150 MPa. Black solid line represents y = x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-dependant-li-o-measured-through-broadband-3eyzahpa.png Fig. 9: Time dependant li -o measured through broadband chemiluminescence for di erent ambient conditions, but constant density of 22.8 kg/m3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-e-ect-of-ambient-conditions-on-ignition-li-o-length-196jc3wa.png Fig. 8: E ect of ambient conditions on ignition li -o length, but constant density of 22.8 kg/m3. https://scispace.com/papers/dietary-energy-sources-affect-the-partition-of-body-lipids-m6gmun1thh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fatty-acid-composition1-in-subcutaneous-adipose-1t92pi71.png Table 5. Fatty acid composition1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue as influenced by line and diet https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-as-influenced-by-line-and-diet-during-2ctoo39q.png Table 2. Performance as influenced by line and diet during the growing-finishing period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lipid-content-in-tissues-pigs-from-two-lines-1mqbrxwi.png Figure 1. Lipid content in tissues. Pigs from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI) were offered either a low fat, low fiber (LF, white bars) diet or a high fat, high fiber (HF, black bars) during the growing period. Data were analyzed with line, diet, and the interaction between line and diet (L × D) as the main effects. Least squares means in the four experimental groups are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-activities-of-oxidative-enzymes-and-glucokinase-in-1x45bz89.png Table 7. Activities of oxidative enzymes and glucokinase in tissues as influenced by line and diet1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-body-composition-as-influenced-by-line-and-diet-1yb9wf26.png Table 3. Body composition as influenced by line and diet during the growing-finishing period https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-activities-of-enzymes-related-to-lipogenesis1-in-1ekzp17w.png Table 6. Activities of enzymes related to lipogenesis1 in tissues as influenced by line and diet https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tissue-composition1-as-influenced-by-line-high-or-5rdv1qjl.png Table 4. Tissue composition1 as influenced by line (high or low residual food intake, RFI) and diet (LF, low fiber low fat; HF, high fiber high fat) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ingredients-chemical-and-nutritional-compositions-of-1x6be1cu.png Table 1. Ingredients, chemical and nutritional compositions of the experimental diets1 https://scispace.com/papers/dietary-energy-density-and-body-weight-changes-after-3-years-tez4opf4j9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3y-changes-in-dietary-habits-related-to-the-244cxncn.png Table 2. 3y-changes in dietary habits related to the Mediterranean diet across quintiles of change in ED https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-between-ed-changes-and-body-weight-3l2ipvai.png Table 4. Association between ED changes and body weight changes after three years in the PREDIMED study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-y-mean-weight-changes-according-to-quintiles-of-1ormwfmj.png Table 3. 3-y mean weight changes according to quintiles of change in dietary ED https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-participants-across-2atsl4go.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the participants across quintiles of 3-y ED change (n=4242) https://scispace.com/papers/dietary-fatty-acids-on-aortic-root-calcification-in-mice-dsq7wk5bs6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-food-intake-final-body-and-relative-weights-and-5x4guaao.png Table 3. Food intake, final body and relative weights, and biochemical analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-detailed-information-about-primers-sequences-used-in-30r1svwn.png Table 2. Detailed information about primers’ sequences used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fatty-acid-composition-of-dietary-fats-1l5jidkp.png Table 1. Fatty acid composition of dietary fats. https://scispace.com/papers/dietary-intake-of-trans-fatty-acids-as-a-cardiovascular-risk-23movgfvjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-subjects-whose-contribution-of-trans-fatty-acids-3n5jn12d.png Figure 1. Subjects whose contribution of trans fatty acids exceeded the limit value of 1% of total calories according to classes. https://scispace.com/papers/dietary-modulation-of-cortical-excitation-and-inhibition-tlywrpupad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-data-from-a-subset-of-5-participants-in-the-3o6w4s1h.png Figure 3: Data from a subset of 5 participants in the treatment group who returned after a further two months during which they did not consume the active substance. The effect of the treatment after one month is still apparent for this subgroup (compare circles and squares at high contrast in panel a). At 7 Hz there was a main effect of time (F1,4 = 8.16, p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.671) and time*contrast interaction (F6,24 = 4.58, p < 0.01, partial η 2 = 0.534). However, following the washout period of 2 months, responses had begun to return towards baseline (triangles in panel a, green circles in panel b), and were no longer significant (p>0.05 for main effect of time and time*contrast interactions). These results suggest that the effects might be relatively long lasting, in the order of weeks or months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-steady-state-eeg-responses-at-the-target-panel-a-b-13vhyyrj.png Figure 2: Steady-state EEG responses at the target (panel a,b) and mask (panel c,d) frequencies in both the placebo control group (left) and the treatment group (right). Each data point is the average of 14 participants, with shaded regions indicating ±1SE of the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/dietary-shifts-in-two-vultures-after-the-demise-of-18upnb1urq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-in-the-niche-breadth-shannon-wiener-index-of-3bqlzbmj.png Table 1 Changes in the niche breadth (Shannon–Wiener index) of the griffon and Egyptian vultures in the three considered study periods: 2005: prior to the closure of feeding stations; 2007: during the closure; 2008: after the closure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-change-in-the-overlap-schoener-index-between-the-3sodkwos.png Table 2 Change in the overlap (Schoener Index) between the diet of the griffon vulture and the diet of the Egyptian vulture in three communal roosts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variations-in-the-food-habits-of-the-griffon-and-312e2lf1.png Fig. 2 Variations in the food habits of the griffon and Egyptian vultures along the study period: <2007: prior to the closure of feeding stations; 2007: During the closure; 2008: after the closure. For the griffon vulture and because pellets collected in the same year were considered as a single sample total values are shown (without error bars). For the Egyptian vulture we considered separately the samples collected in each communal roost; annual mean values and standard errors are shown. Differences between periods were estimated on the basis of modeling procedures (see “Materials and methods”): **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-ebro-valley-n-spain-showing-the-four-2fx0ywy2.png Fig. 1 Study area (Ebro Valley, N. Spain) showing the four studied roosting areas (A–D griffon vulture: inverted triangle; Egyptian vulture: triangle). Main predictable sources of food in the surroundings: rubbish dumps: squares, supplementary feeding stations: circles; open circles represent feeding stations closed during the study period https://scispace.com/papers/differences-in-digitalization-levels-a-multivariate-analysis-4dg0soh8j9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-canonical-correlations-2rogcq5q.png Table 7 Canonical correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-digitalization-index-by-country-log-transformed-3bgme0o2.png Table 12 Digitalization index by country (log transformed variables) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-continued-lqutf0ov.png Table 12 Digitalization index by country (log transformed variables) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gdp-per-capita-versus-digitalization-index-source-11ukb5vi.png Fig. 2 GDP per capita versus digitalization index. Source: Author’s own calculations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dispersion-and-inequalities-between-countries-in-ict-wfx96i6v.png Fig. 1 Dispersion and inequalities between countries in ICT adoption. Note: Pearson’s coefficient of variation is the ratio of standard deviation to the mean. Gini index is weightened by population. N = 142. Source: Author’s work from World Bank (2006) https://scispace.com/papers/differences-in-visually-induced-meg-oscillations-reflect-5dqasi5iql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-connection-changes-in-data-from-ref-20-a-correlations-2brs3pxi.png Fig. 4 Connection changes in data from ref. 20. a Correlations between connectivity parameters and V1 size. Parameters were obtained by fitting data from ref. 20. Changes in the drive to deep pyramidal neurons from both superficial interneurons, a31 (iii) and deep pyramidals, a33 (x) correlated with V1 size. Also changes in the drive to deep interneurons, a34 (v) and drive to inhibitory interneurons in superficial cells, a14 (ii). b Correlations between connectivity parameters and gamma peak frequency. Parameters were obtained by fitting data from ref. 20. Changes to the drive to superficial pyramidal neurons correlated with peak frequency, a41 (viii). Least-squares fitted line shown in magenta. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-connection-changes-in-data-from-ref-15-correlations-3bmype5d.png Fig. 5 Connection changes in data from ref. 15. Correlations between connectivity parameters and V1 size using data from ref. 15. Changes in the connections between the deep pair of excitatory and inhibitory populations, a23 and a32, significantly correlated with different V1 sizes (vi and ix). Leastsquares fitted line shown in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-and-predictions-a-two-pairs-of-excitatory-black-1fjsidfy.png Fig. 1 Model and predictions. a Two pairs of excitatory (black) and inhibitory (red) populations occupy superficial and deep cortical layers. Firing rates within each population provide inputs to other populations and convolution of presynaptic activity produces postsynaptic depolarization. Arrows denote excitatory and inhibitory connections. All recurrent connections are inhibitory to preclude run-away excitation in the network. The same microcircuit was implemented both as a neural mass11 and a compartmental model5. The equations describe the evolution of hidden states corresponding to activity in each of the four populations in the neural mass model. b Both models predict LFPs and power spectra. The top plot shows predicted power spectra from both models generated by superficial pyramidal neurons. Predictions from the neural mass model are shown in magenta, while predictions from the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-v1-size-predictors-a-we-scored-alternative-glms-where-1fp0n3rz.png Fig. 6 V1 size predictors. a We scored alternative GLMs where predictors of variability in V1 included any combination of the connections (arrows) in Fig. 1a. We found that for the data from ref. 15 V1 size could be best predicted by the recurrent connectivity of deep inhibitory interneurons, a22 (brown arrow). Evidence in favour of a GLM including a22 was very strong p > 0.95. b Same as in a for data from ref. 20. V1 size variability reported in ref. 20 could be best predicted by the inhibitory drive to deep pyramidal cells, a31 (brown arrow). Evidence for the corresponding GLM was weak p > 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-outline-a-schematic-of-our-analysis-pipeline-this-197fnnoe.png Fig. 2 Outline. a Schematic of our analysis pipeline. This summarizes the steps of our approach: 1. Simulate data from the compartmental model. 2. Fit the mass model to these data. 3. Use the parameter estimates obtained as priors for fitting M/EEG data. 4. Obtain hidden parameters that describe laminar dynamics. b Construction of the neural mass model: We first establish a similarity between the model of ref. 5 and its symmetric variant. Here horizontal arrows of different widths in the left panel denote asymmetric connectivities and delays between mini-columns depicted as rectangles containing https://scispace.com/papers/differences-in-therapy-and-survival-between-lung-cancer-1t32ife0g6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1k9h7751.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kaan2uht.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/papers/different-but-equally-plausible-narratives-of-policy-1ky8syfx3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-narrative-of-a-single-policy-transformation-14vklwct.png Table 2 – The narrative of a single policy transformation through different lenses https://scispace.com/papers/different-approaches-to-influence-based-on-social-networks-507u7zalte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-influence-function-b-jby190wo.png Table 1 The influence function B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-agent-social-network-cy5lrvhb.png Fig. 1 Three-agent social network https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-command-function-o-1jdvgmnq.png Table 4 The command function ω https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-influence-function-b-18weyoji.png Table 5 The influence function B https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-generalized-possibility-influence-indices-d-b-s-pp8t2zu3.png Table 6 The generalized possibility influence indices D(B, S → j) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-sets-of-followers-under-b-1vvcis1v.png Table 7 The sets of followers under B https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-sets-of-followers-under-b-2r9ptwp6.png Table 2 The sets of followers under B https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-possibility-and-certainty-influence-indices-d-b-3m4av5ou.png Table 3 The possibility and certainty influence indices ( d(B, S → j), d(B, S → j) ) https://scispace.com/papers/different-mutant-runx1-oncoproteins-program-alternate-73krq63q3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-runx1-mutants-interact-with-cbfb-and-partially-6cc0echi.png Figure 3. RUNX1 mutants interact with CBFβ and partially disrupt RUNX1/CBFβ interactions. (A) Representative imagesare shownof immunocytochemistry andproximity ligationassay (PLA) inprogenitorswithandwithout inductionof themutant formsofRUNX1. For eachcell line, the left panel shows immunocytochemistry of the mutant protein alone (shown in green, using anti-HA or anti-EVI1 antibodies) counterstained with DAPI (blue). The centre panel shows a PLA of endogenous RUNX1 (cross reaction with R201Q possible) using C-terminal RUNX1 antibody with CBFβ (red), with DAPI (blue). The right panel shows a PLA of the mutant RUNX1 with CBFβ (red), with DAPI (blue). (B) The number of endogenous RUNX1/CBFβ PLA foci were counted in 150 cells across three biological replicates and are shown by the grey circles. Themeanand95%confidence intervals are indicatedby thebar anderrorbar.P-valueswerecalculatedusing two-sample t tests between–and + dox pairs, n.s. indicates a P-value > 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-h3k27ac-changes-caused-by-runx1-mutants-are-not-1ch8p0yf.png Figure 6. H3K27ac changes caused by RUNX1 mutants are not wholly dependent on changing chromatin accessibility. (A) The H3K27ac ChIP-seq signal at open chromatin sites in progenitors was ranked by fold change of the +dox/−dox tag count and represented as density plots (±2 kb). The side bar indicates +dox-specific sites (orange), grey shared, andblue−dox-specific siteswherespecific sitesareat least twofolddifferent. Thenumberof sites shared, lost or gained is indicated. (B) Average profiles of H3K27ac counts-per-million-normalised ChIP-seq signal in progenitors plotted around the differential distal ATAC sites identified in Fig 5 (±2 kb). (B, C) The counts-per-million-normalised average peak heights of ATAC-seq and RUNX1 ChIP-seq were calculated for the specific sites identified in (B). (B, D) The percentage of shared specific sites identified in (B) was calculated and shown by the bar graphs, where the circles indicate sets which have been overlapped in each case. Sets where there are no intersecting sites in either the − or +dox-specific sites are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mutant-forms-of-runx1-cause-unique-and-shared-gene-7zvmkojl.png Figure 4. Mutant forms of RUNX1 cause unique and shared gene expression changes. (A) Heat maps showing the log2-fold gene expression changes across the HE2 to progenitor transition. Colour bars on the left indicate genes which are (red) upregulated in both − and +dox (green), up-regulated in −dox only, (pink) up-regulated in +dox only (orange) down-regulated in −dox only, (purple) down-regulated in +dox only (blue), down-regulated in both − and +dox. (B) Pairwise analysis of genes which were twofold up- or down-regulated in either HE2 or progenitors after induction of each RUNX1 mutant. The left table shows the number of genes which were mutually up (red) or down-regulated (blue), the right table shows the number of genes which were up-regulated in the dataset shown along the top and down-regulated in the dataset on the side. Columns or rows which are greyed out have 0 genes deregulated in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-induction-of-runx1-mutants-during-blood-3rblzghl.png Figure 1. Induction of RUNX1 mutants during blood differentiation perturbs progenitor identity. (A) Schematic showing the RUNX1-inducible constructs used, the bindng specificity of the antibodies used in the study, the embryonic stem cell differentiation system, and the stage of induction of the transgenes. (B) Flow cytometry was used to assess the proportion of cells in the blast culture which were HE1, HE2, or progenitors as indicated in the schematic on the left. Bars show themean percentage of cells in each population. N = 3 for R201Q, n = 4 for R204X, and RUNX1-ETO and n = 5 for RUNX1-EVI1. (C) Progenitors were placed into colony forming assays in the without doxycycline. The bars show log2-fold change of induced (+dox) by noninduced (−dox) for primary colonies in orange, and secondary colonies in blue. R201Q primary colony forming n = 5, n = 3 for all others. (C, D) The absolute number of colonies of each lineage subtype https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mechanism-of-runx1-oncoprotein-action-on-chromatin-3a03gbr0.png Figure 8. Mechanism of RUNX1 oncoprotein action on chromatin priming. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-runx1-mutants-disrupt-runx1-driven-chromatin-3j28men3.png Figure 7. RUNX1 mutants disrupt RUNX1-driven chromatin priming. (A) Scheme of how the enrichment of differentially accessible ATAC-seq peaks from Fig 2A, intersecting with ATAC peaks specific to common myeloid progenitors, B-cells, monocytes, erythroblasts or megakaryocytes was calculated. (B) Bubble plots showing the association of differentially accessible peaks after mutant RUNX1 induction with each peak set from the indicated cell types. Each bubble represents one intersection, the Z-score representing level of enrichment (red) or depletion of sites of each lineage (blue) as shown by the colour scale. The P-value is shown by the size of the circle. Source data are available for this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-chromatin-accessibility-changes-are-unique-to-each-1rbngose.png Figure 5. Chromatin accessibility changes are unique to each RUNX1 mutant and correlate with specific transcription factor–binding patterns. (A)Heat map of hierarchical clustering, showing the normalised enrichment score for transcription factor motifs which were seen in the de novomotif search of specific distal ATAC sites in progenitors. (B) Table showing the number of specific ATAC peaks in progenitors, and the percentage of the total peaks this corresponds to. (C) Chromatin accessibility in progenitors was ranked by fold change of the +dox/−dox tag count and represented as density plots (±1 kb), as depicted in Fig 2A. Motif enrichment and ChIP-seq of key transcription factors are plotted alongside. (D) ATAC tag counts were calculated across union of all −/+dox-specific distal peaks across all four RUNX1 inductions in progenitors, and ranked according to R201Q −dox descending tag count. 9,494 unique peaks of 9,986 used were unique. (B, E) Heat map showing the Pearson correlation and hierarchical clustering using the tag counts of the union of specific peaks in progenitors calculated in (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mutant-runx1-induction-leads-to-specific-changes-in-250hyskq.png Figure 2. Mutant RUNX1 induction leads to specific changes in endogenous RUNX1 binding and chromatin accessibility. (A) Chromatin accessibility in cKit+CD41+Tie2–sorted progenitors at distal sites as determined by ATAC-seq was ranked by fold change of the +dox/−dox tag count and represented as densityplots (±1kb fromthesummit). Thegeneexpression foldchangeasdeterminedbyRNA-seq (+dox/−dox)wasplottedalongsidebasedonnearest geneassigned. Thebinarypresence or absenceof aRUNX1, RUNX1-ETO, or RUNX1-EVI1 ChIPpeakwas alsoplottedbasedon intersectionwith theopen chromatin. The redbar indicates +dox-specific sites, grey sharedandblue −dox-specific sites where the normalised tag-count of specific sites was at least twofold different. (B) University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome browser screenshot of countsper-million-normalised ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq tracks at the Spi1 locus. The box highlights the Spi1 enhancer which demonstrates changes in RUNX1 binding and chromatin accessibility. https://scispace.com/papers/different-supramolecular-interactions-mediated-by-br-atoms-1hg9kdlawl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3izfe9fw.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-21hd08zm.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/differential-emotional-processing-in-concrete-and-abstract-169r8tvdp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-rt-in-ms-and-error-across-experimental-5of3s5ft.png Table 2 Mean RT (in ms) and %Error across Experimental Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-with-sds-of-target-word-specifications-across-1v872d7g.png Table 1 Means (with SDs) of Target Word Specifications across Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-emotion-x-imageability-lmms-on-abstract-and-concrete-1cp8332i.png Table 6 Emotion × Imageability: LMMs on Abstract and Concrete Words https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-emotion-x-concreteness-x-imageability-reduced-lmm-2l430epv.png Table 5 Emotion × Concreteness × Imageability: Reduced LMM Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-click-here-to-download-figure-figure-1-tiff-2qyuz89a.png Figure 1 Click here to download Figure Figure 1.tiff https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-click-here-to-download-figure-figure-2-tiff-1bfpdf9d.png Figure 2 Click here to download Figure Figure 2.tiff https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-emotion-x-concreteness-x-alexithymia-linear-10y352e5.png Table 4 Emotion × Concreteness × Alexithymia: Linear Regression Model Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-emotion-x-concreteness-lmm-results-3vzw6g4b.png Table 3 Emotion × Concreteness: LMM Results https://scispace.com/papers/differential-synchronization-4846pabuya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-of-linear-vs-binary-search-algorithms-3f1xo00j.png Figure 8: Performance of Linear vs. Binary search algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-way-merge-22cqetk6.png Figure 1: Three-way merge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differential-synchronization-without-a-network-2qdi7m82.png Figure 2: Differential Synchronization without a network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-many-servers-single-database-1npw8vf5.png Figure 6: Many servers, single database. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differential-synchronization-with-shadows-3d266t5g.png Figure 3: Differential Synchronization with shadows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differential-synchronization-with-guaranteed-3ms8v14i.png Figure 4: Differential Synchronization with guaranteed delivery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-six-client-one-server-synchronization-network-17klomu3.png Figure 5: Six client, one server synchronization network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-six-client-two-server-synchronization-network-3b8gnxbj.png Figure 7: Six client, two server synchronization network. https://scispace.com/papers/differential-metabolic-activity-and-discovery-of-therapeutic-2pzq9ql1e9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tcga-samples-used-in-this-study-3bqzw5qc.png Table 1. TCGA samples used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-cell-proliferation-of-line-ags-stomach-21y2hltd.png Fig. 4 Relative cell proliferation of line AGS (stomach gastric adenocarcinoma) upon UPB1 expression depletion by three different MISSION shRNAs or transduced with control vector pLKO.1. The asterisk indicates significant differences (Mann–Whitney test pvalues < 0.01). The percentage of reduction of cell proliferation is also shown. The prediction of UPB1 essentiality made by Metabolizer was confirmed by a relatively more sensitive behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-modules-found-as-differentially-activated-3nfzz0g9.png Table 3. Number of modules found as differentially activated in the cancers listed in Table 1 by the different methods GSEA, SPIA, and Metabolizer https://scispace.com/papers/differential-voltage-amplification-from-ferroelectric-1mkzvanpei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-voltage-amplification-due-to-ferroelectric-negative-2nxtyggj.png FIG. 1. Voltage amplification due to ferroelectric negative capacitance: (a) Energy landscape of a ferroelectric capacitor. The capacitance, C, is negative in the region enclosed by the dashed box. (b) The experimental setup. VS and VD are the source voltage and the voltage across the dielectric capacitor, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-results-a-circuit-diagram-of-the-simulation-216y6495.png FIG. 4. Simulation results. (a) Circuit diagram of the simulation. CF, q, and RF represent the capacitance, the internal resistance, and the leakage resistance of the ferroelectric capacitor. CD and R represent the capacitance and the leakage resistance of the dielectric capacitance. (b) Simulated waveforms corresponding to VS and VD of the circuit shown in (a) in response to a bipolar triangular pulse VS: 0 V !þ10 V ! 10 V ! 0 V with period T¼ 50 ls. Amplification is observed in the segments, AB and CD. (c) Simulated amplification AV as a function of VS. AV 1 in the segments, AB and CD. The inset shows the ferroelectric charge-voltage characteristics extracted from the waveforms in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-dielectric-capacitance-on-amplification-a-2cuucgph.png FIG. 3. Effect of dielectric capacitance on amplification. (a) and (b) Amplification AV as a function of VS for CD¼ 240 pF (a) and 145 pF (b). (c) and (d) The extracted charge-voltage characteristics of the ferroelectric capacitor for CD¼ 240 pF (c) and 145 pF (d). These loops are overlaid on the ferroelectric chargevoltage characteristics extracted for CD¼ 440 pF, which is also shown in the inset of Fig. 2(c). The load lines for the dielectric capacitor DQ ¼ CD ðVS VFÞ corresponding to VS¼þ10 V are plotted for CD¼ 240 and 145 pF in (c) and (d), respectively. The load-line (VS¼þ10 V) for CD¼ 440 pF is plotted in both of them. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-voltage-amplification-in-a-ferroelectric-dielectric-2cou2v8d.png FIG. 2. Voltage amplification in a ferroelectric-dielectric series circuit. (a) and (b) Waveforms corresponding to the voltage across the positive capacitor VD in response to a bipolar triangular voltage pulse VS: 0 V !þ10 V ! 10 V ! 0 V with period T¼ 50 ls during 4.2 ls <t < 6.7 ls (a) and 22.6 ls <t < 25.3 ls (b). CD¼ 440 pF. The dashed red lines have the same slew rates as those of the VSðtÞ t curves in these time frames (i.e., they are jj to the VS-t curves). The inset in (a) shows the waveforms corresponding to the source voltage VS and VD during the entire cycle. Differential amplification is observed in the regions corresponding to the green shades, segments AB and CD in (a) and (b), respectively. (c) Amplification AV (¼dVD=dVS) as a function of VS. The inset in (c) shows ferroelectric charge (DQ)-voltage (VF) characteristics extracted from the waveforms. https://scispace.com/papers/differentiated-instruction-in-primary-schools-implementation-wbpy8fl1mc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dimension-2-kv36ydto.png Table 4: Dimension 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dimension-3-3d69z1r4.png Table 5: Dimension 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-di-implementation-and-comparison-with-the-benchmark-1fhi28dm.png Table 2: DI implementation and comparison with the benchmark (N=604) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dimension-1-395hqawo.png Table 3: Dimension 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dimension-5-2wl2t1op.png Table 7: Dimension 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inventory-of-di-dimensions-as-reported-in-the-rma5dfnf.png Table 1: Inventory of DI dimensions as reported in the literature and an integrated perspective https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dimension-4-hcto6oih.png Table 6: Dimension 4 https://scispace.com/papers/diffusion-coefficients-of-oxygen-and-hemoglobin-measured-by-5aoz1wb95s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hill-parameters-for-eq-1-20degc-2pge9ndu.png Table 1 Hill parameters for Eq. 1 (20°C) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pp-reaches-a-maximal-value-at-26-g-dl-up-to-the-in-o4zswiam.png Fig. 3. Pp reaches a maximal value at 26 g/dl; up to the in creasing carrying capacity of the solution (C Eq. and above this concentration P https://scispace.com/papers/diffusion-as-classification-3r3v05qvsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-15d8vy5w.png FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3dntuoua.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proportions-of-high-school-and-university-graduates-2n9lgzig.png FIGURE 1 Proportions of high school and university graduates in the United States, 1940-2008 (U.S. Census data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-limited-and-full-diffusion-contingent-upon-33upl0qf.png FIGURE 5 Limited and full diffusion, contingent upon legitimacy intensity (LI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-e8nljzrm.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/differentiation-and-passivity-for-control-of-brayton-moser-34ipylmayg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-passive-maps-for-the-boost-converter-a7rqa6a4.png TABLE II PASSIVE MAPS FOR THE BOOST CONVERTER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-input-shaping-for-the-buck-converter-from-the-top-time-f4tcgwuy.png Fig. 4. Input shaping for the buck converter. From the top: Time evolution of the voltage, current, and duty cycle considering a load variation ΔG at the time instant t = 1 s. Input shaping for buck converter is plotted in blue color, while Parallel Damping PBC approach proposed in [20] is plotted in red-dashed (parameters: L = 1 mH, C = 1 mF, Vs = 400 V, G = 0.04 S, ΔG = 0.02 S, V = 380 V, kd = 10× 105, ki = 8× 107, u = V /Vs, and gamma in [20, Equation (19)] is set to 0.97). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-shaping-for-the-buck-converter-from-the-top-3p1ct67d.png Fig. 3. Output shaping for the buck converter. From the top: Time evolution of the voltage, current, and duty cycle considering a load variation ΔG at the time instant t = 1 s (parameters: L = 1 mH, C = 1 mF, Vs = 400 V, G = 0.04 S, ΔG = 0.02 S, V = 380 V, kd = 5× 105, and ki = 1× 107). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electrical-scheme-of-the-buck-converter-1jq845da.png Fig. 1. Electrical scheme of the buck converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electrical-scheme-of-the-boost-converter-88u9lju0.png Fig. 2. Electrical scheme of the boost converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-input-shaping-for-the-dc-network-from-the-top-time-2d0nzuk6.png Fig. 9. Input shaping for the dc network. From the top: Time evolution of the voltage of each node, current generated by each converter, and duty cycle of each converter, considering a load variation at the time instant t = 1 s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-network-parameters-2b9hjzam.png TABLE IV NETWORK PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scheme-of-the-considered-network-with-four-power-111uk7i6.png Fig. 8. Scheme of the considered network with four power converters: Nodes 1 and 3 have buck converters and nodes 2 and 4 have boost converters. https://scispace.com/papers/diffusion-of-iso-9000-and-iso-14000-certification-in-italian-33zajr23gm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-italian-ea-commodity-sectors-classification-with-1r2zjl65.png Table III. Italian EA commodity sectors classification with reference to the change from ISO 9000:1994 to ISO 9000:2000 standards https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-iso-9000-and-iso-14000-certification-in-italy-from-3co3wcu0.png Table I. ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certification in Italy (from January 1993 to December 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-trend-of-iso-14000-certification-diffusion-versus-1dixtjyu.png Figure 4. Trend of ISO 14000 certification diffusion versus GDP contribution for various commodity sectors in the period 1999-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-iso-9000-and-iso-14000-certified-sites-in-italy-in-1hjxzgzl.png Table II. ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified sites in Italy in the period 1999-2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-classification-of-ea-accreditation-sectors-328ejo03.png Table VI. Classification of EA accreditation sectors according to ISO 9000 variation certification diffusion and the incidence variation on GDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trend-of-iso-9000-certification-diffusion-versus-29pignpo.png Figure 2. Trend of ISO 9000 certification diffusion versus GDP contribution for various commodity sectors in the period 1999-2005 https://scispace.com/papers/diffusive-ballistic-crossover-and-the-persistent-spin-helix-40s2ir6jwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-sketch-of-the-branch-cut-and-the-2u77ac9v.png FIG. 1. Color online The sketch of the branch cut and the integral contour in the calculation of S t ,q . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-oscillation-frequency-in-the-ywnaz0gq.png FIG. 3. Color online The oscillation frequency in the imaginary part of S t ,q as a function of a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-imaginary-and-b-the-real-parts-of-s-t-q-we-set-1-je9xib12.png FIG. 2. a The imaginary and b the real parts of S t ,q . We set =1. For both figures, from bottom to top, the curves are corresponding to a=2.2,2.6,3 ,3.4,3.8,4.2. https://scispace.com/papers/digital-control-of-mems-gyroscopes-a-robust-approach-1d2ckvhl0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-direct-control-architecture-with-a-digital-controller-3jbkd8kx.png Fig. 1. Direct control architecture with a digital controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-power-spectral-density-estimates-of-the-relative-1y369vjb.png Fig. 4. Power spectral density estimates of the relative tracking error εx/xref (left) and of the relative estimation error udy/dy (right) at rest (Ωz = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-values-of-z-compared-to-the-true-value-of-z-iqgr3yhu.png Fig. 5. Values of Ω̂z compared to the true value of Ωz . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-implementation-results-for-the-reference-tracking-left-3rko5xqf.png Fig. 3. Implementation results for the reference tracking (left) and for the disturbance rejection (right) at rest (Ωz = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-h-criterion-3q6kcpnc.png Fig. 2. H∞ criterion. https://scispace.com/papers/digital-reconstruction-and-4d-presentation-through-time-1ky7b9ls7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-4d-interactive-presentation-with-time-slider-in-1q4t19mb.png Figure 1: The 4D interactive presentation, with time slider, in the Demotride viewer. https://scispace.com/papers/dilated-cardiomyopathy-and-arrhythmogenic-left-ventricular-30c0053rxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-left-ventricular-scar-in-myocardial-2s3hwlww.png Figure 2. Distribution of left ventricular scar in myocardial layers and in bull's eye view of the 17-segment AHA according to aggregated genotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-left-ventricular-scar-in-myocardial-ctqu9ekx.png Figure 3. Distribution of left ventricular scar in myocardial layers and in bull's eye view of the 17-segment AHA for desmoplakin/filamin C genotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-arrhythmic-events-and-electrocardiographic-2brlqqhv.png Table 2. Arrhythmic events and electrocardiographic characteristics of the study population according to the genotype group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-3fh41w6r.png Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population according to the genotype group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-left-ventricular-scar-in-myocardial-82pbs7r0.png Figure 4. Distribution of left ventricular scar in myocardial layers and in bull's eye view of the 17-segment AHA for other DCM genotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-plots-and-confidence-intervals-comparing-the-yzi4ln3o.png Figure 1. Box plots and confidence intervals comparing the percentage of left ventricular scar among individual genotypes (A) and between grouped genotypes (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-imaging-phenotypes-in-cardiac-magnetic-resonance-1mrmfm92.png Table 3. Imaging phenotypes in cardiac magnetic resonance according to the genotype group. https://scispace.com/papers/dimension-dependence-of-the-thermomechanical-noise-of-4yo2kqd4v7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-micrograph-of-the-two-kinds-of-cantilever-rmtxza9e.png FIG. 1. Optical micrograph of the two kinds of cantilever arrays used in this work. a An array composed of seven cantilevers with varying length from 50 to 500 m. The width and thickness are 40 and 0.334 m, respectively. b An array of five cantilevers with varying width from 20 to 200 m. The length and the thickness are 200 and 0.334 m, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-of-the-cantilever-dimensions-experimental-and-3m8x5o9x.png TABLE I. Data of the cantilever dimensions, experimental, and theoretical values of the resonance frequency, spring constant, and experimental values of the quality factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-minimal-detectable-force-per-bandwidth-unit-as-a-2w8ifi4l.png FIG. 5. Minimal detectable force per bandwidth unit as a function of the length a and the width b and minimal detectable surface stress per bandwidth unit as a function of the length c and width d . The minimal detection values are obtained by calculating the thermomechanical noise from the experimental values of the spring constant, resonance frequency, and Q factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-values-of-the-quality-factor-as-a-uarbb8sp.png FIG. 4. Experimental values of the quality factor as a function of the cantilever length a and width b . The dashed line represents the theoretical values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-values-of-the-resonance-frequency-as-a-3jwiv48m.png FIG. 3. Experimental values of the resonance frequency as a function of the cantilever length triangles and width circles . The resonance frequency is calculated from the fitting of the frequency spectrum of the thermal noise to the harmonic-oscillator model. The inset shows the thermal noise frequency spectrum for a 300- m-long and 40- m-wide cantilever. The dotted and solid lines represent the theoretical resonance frequency for the singly clamped beam model, f0=1.020 E / 1/2T /L2, and the fitting curve to the “two spring model.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-values-of-the-spring-constant-as-a-3iacwwcd.png FIG. 2. Experimental values of the spring constant as a function of the length a and width b of the cantilever. The dotted and solid lines represent the the theoretical expression k=EWT3 /4L3 and to the fitting curve to the “two spring model,” respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/dimensional-structure-of-dsm-5-posttraumatic-stress-symptoms-4vtiu252f6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-path-diagram-representing-item-distribution-across-the-11plm5q8.png Fig. 1. Path diagram representing item distribution across the 7-factors of the Hybrid model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-item-mappings-for-the-five-ptsd-models-assessed-in-u-1878we9o.png Table 1 Item mappings for the five PTSD models assessed in U.S. veterans and Midwestern students. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-among-factors-in-both-samples-2077lyn2.png Table 4 Correlations among factors in both samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confirmatory-factor-analyses-fit-indices-for-five-cgjvbvzc.png Table 2 Confirmatory factor analyses fit indices for five PTSD models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-loadings-for-the-hybrid-7-factor-model-a034bnvc.png Table 3 Factor loadings for the hybrid 7-factor model. https://scispace.com/papers/dimension-driven-geometry-in-cad-a-survey-1w25vsy121 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-a-relations-graph-cugini-devoti-and-1gr12ew8.png Figure 4: Example of a relations graph ( Cugini, Devoti and Galli ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphical-description-of-newton-raphson-iterative-22hntdou.png Figure 5: Graphical description of Newton-Raphson iterative method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-construction-of-a-triangle-picme-2z0vl8i5.png Figure 9: Construction of a triangle ( PICME ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-position-of-c-is-overconstrained-and-d-is-not-285fufzw.png Figure 1: The position of C is overconstrained and D is not constrained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-modification-of-constraint-103rehfu.png Figure 11: Modification of constraint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-example-of-an-interactive-sequence-3uz06pvl.png Figure 10: Example of an interactive sequence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-importance-of-the-choice-of-the-first-value-3nf82z57.png Figure 6: Importance of the choice of the first value https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-set-of-constraints-and-the-corresponding-graph-39hzlf79.png Figure 2: The set of constraints and the corresponding graph ( Fitzgerald ) https://scispace.com/papers/dimensionality-reduction-and-clustering-on-statistical-45bujyw47a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-natural-image-segmentation-with-the-clustering-on-1a3mn0u6.png Figure 11. Natural image segmentation with the clustering on statistical manifolds. Expect the first sample which uses intensity value as feature, color information in RGB alone is used as feature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unlike-non-statistical-manifolds-which-map-the-17kcrjr0.png Figure 1. Unlike non-statistical manifolds which map the parametric space onto a set of scalar values of features, statistical manifolds associate each parameter location xp with a set of PDFs of features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-statistical-embedding-the-pdfs-are-estimated-from-314htlvf.png Figure 2. Statistical embedding. The PDFs are estimated from inside (first column) and outside (second) of the body. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-statistical-manifolds-can-be-used-to-separate-24h3f02l.png Figure 4. Statistical manifolds can be used to separate regions that have the same mean and variance but look different. The test image (a) was generated from two different PDFs, f1 and f2 in (b). A technique based on non-statistical manifolds failed to accurately locate the boundary of the two regions (c,d), but statistical manifold framework successfully identifies the texture boundary (e). In addition, diffusion on the statistical manifold produces a better result (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multinomial-distributions-as-points-on-an-n-simplex-1io6xnp1.png Figure 3. Multinomial distributions as points on an n-simplex (a) and a sphere (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-example-shows-instability-of-clustering-with-a-1uki5ug4.png Figure 5. An example shows instability of clustering with a large input dimension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-iterative-method-to-estimate-frechet-mean-on-a-2z7wc3uq.png Figure 6. Iterative method to estimate Fréchet mean on a sphere. Points (a) on the sphere are projected on a tangent plane (b) at an initial point of mean estimate. An expectation is calculated and projected back onto the sphere (c). Iterate the procedure until the mean converges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-case-of-misclassification-33v1iszu.png Figure 8. A case of misclassification. https://scispace.com/papers/diopside-enstatite-and-forsterite-solubilities-in-h2o-and-1kc0ia3caj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-forsterite-solubility-experiment-measurements-at-w9pitcgz.png Table 1. Forsterite solubility experiment measurements at 1GPa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-diopside-solubility-experiments-2u4n8b97.png Table 3. Results of diopside solubility experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-range-of-p-t-conditions-investigated-in-this-study-29tq3isw.png Fig. 1. The range of P-T conditions investigated in this study (pink shaded region) compared to previous work on diopside solubility, including the relatively low P-T data of Schmulovich et al. (2001) at 650 °C and 0.5 GPa and Budanov and Shmulovich (2000) at 650 °C and 0.2 – 0.75 GPa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-enstatite-solubility-experiments-2a3y8r1o.png Table 2. Results of enstatite solubility experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/dip-mip-distributed-individual-paging-extension-for-mobile-4vy5qhf6bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-signaling-cost-as-a-function-of-the-packet-arrival-1t40sna3.png Fig. 10. Signaling cost as a function of the packet arrival rate λ under random walk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-mip-and-dip-mip-signaling-cost-as-a-function-of-37vfmo5y.png Fig. 13. MIP and DIP-MIP signaling cost as a function of paging area size K under fluid flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-signaling-cost-as-a-function-of-the-packet-arrival-2dci17xp.png Fig. 9. Signaling cost as a function of the packet arrival rate λ under fluid flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-state-diagram-of-a-markov-chain-with-paging-area-of-10x1sukg.png Fig. 4. State diagram of a Markov chain with paging area of size K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-signaling-cost-as-a-function-of-the-average-residence-pcjy9tls.png Fig. 8. Signaling cost as a function of the average residence time T under random walk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-signaling-cost-as-a-function-of-the-average-velocity-v-2qoevg9k.png Fig. 7. Signaling cost as a function of the average velocity V under fluid flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-mip-and-dip-mip-signaling-cost-as-a-function-of-2l7ozfjs.png Fig. 14. MIP and DIP-MIP signaling cost as a function of paging area size K under random walk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-signaling-cost-as-a-function-of-paging-area-size-k-28rqid7t.png Fig. 5. Signaling cost as a function of paging area size K under fluid flow. https://scispace.com/papers/dimensionality-reduction-of-face-images-for-gender-17o3pidl74 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-two-dimensional-plane-embedded-in-a-three-3okpludr.png Fig. 1. (a) A two dimensional plane embedded in a three dimensional space has an ID value of 2. (b) Three dimensional horseshoe data distribution with an ID value of 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-correlation-dimension-plot-of-the-horseshoe-data-b-15ker47l.png Fig. 2. (a) Correlation Dimension plot of the horseshoe data. (b) The Correlation Dimension is calculated as the slope of the linear part of the curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-projection-of-the-horseshoe-data-of-fig-1-b-from-a-2wa8p76m.png Fig. 4. (a) Projection of the horseshoe data of Fig. 1(b) from a three dimensional space to a two dimensional space by CCA (b) The “dy-dx” representation indicates a nonlinear projection with unfolding (dy > dx) occurring at higher scales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-projection-of-fig-1-a-from-a-three-dimensional-space-22ffqjxz.png Fig. 3. (a) Projection of Fig. 1(a) from a three dimensional space to a two dimensional space by CCA (b) The “dy-dx” representation indicates a complete linear projection with no unfolding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-the-raw-face-images-of-dataset1-38izphi5.png Fig. 5. Examples of the raw face images of dataset1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-error-rates-over-5-testsets-of-dataset1-with-3mtby4dl.png TABLE I AVERAGE ERROR RATES OVER 5 TESTSETS OF DATASET1, WITH DIFFERENT CCA DIMENSIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-first-row-faces-are-the-60-x-90-extractions-of-the-ilosf1wy.png Fig. 6. The first row faces are the 60 × 90 extractions of the original 128 × 128 face images. The second row shows face images after histogram equalization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-the-correlation-dimension-plot-for-dataset1-the-id-9i55gzpm.png Fig. 7. (a) The Correlation Dimension plot for dataset1. The ID estimation varies at different intervals. The interval taken in (b) gives ID as 7, while (c) and (d) gives ID as 11. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-exfoliation-of-graphite-with-a-porphyrin-creating-2cxha4g0w9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectrum-of-ng-1-dispersion-in-thf-drop-cast-2yjl3100.png Fig. 2 Raman spectrum of NG–1 dispersion in THF drop-cast onto a silicon oxide wafer and excited at 532 nm. Inset shows the single Lorentzian fit (red) of the 2D-band (black). https://scispace.com/papers/dipole-interactions-with-random-anisotropy-in-a-frozen-ybh7gepalk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-decay-of-the-thermoremanent-magnetization-for-h-25kubtpe.png FIG. 5. Time decay of the thermoremanent magnetization for H =100 G, T=15 K. Within our time window, the decay can be fitted by a logarithmic form (solid line). Inset: The slope of the lnt fit, S, vs temperature. The peak in S is seen in many types of glassy systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-h-vs-t-the-peak-position-in-the-zfc-curve-for-three-3e3lpuoo.png FIG. 2. H vs T,. „the peak position in the ZFC curve, for three volume fractions c of magnetite. At low fields the interac- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-field-cooled-fc-and-zero-field-cooled-zfc-12z53ioj.png FIG. I. Field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization vs temperature at H =10 G. The illustration shows randomly oriented magnetite particles of median diameter 50 A and a surfactant layer of —20 A. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-laser-patterning-and-phase-transformation-of-2d-pdse2-4iz25d9t8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-laser-sensitivity-of-supported-pdse2-layer-a-2xtofw82.png Figure 3. Laser sensitivity of supported PdSe2 layer. (a) Schematic side view of the laser annealing process in a supported geometry. (b, c) Raman spectra evolution after exposure with varying laser power of 0.6, 1.8, 3.5 and 7.8 mW as probed by safe laser power of 60 µW. (d-g) AFM images of the modified PdSe2 film after laser exposure with varying laser power of 0.6 mW (d), 1.8 mW (e), 3.5 mW (f) and 7.8 mW (g) and corresponding cross-sections (h-k). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-laser-modification-of-pdse2-fet-device-a-schematic-1cc4zxoc.png Figure 5. Laser modification of PdSe2 FET device. (a) Schematic of the laser annealing of PdSe2 FET devices with graphene contacts. (b) Schematic of the device fabrication process: (i) e-beam patterning of graphene electrodes with a gap of 1.2 µm on top of gold contacts, (ii) transferring of continuous PdSe2 film on top of the defined graphene contacts, (iii) defining the PdSe2 device channel by local removal of material with high laser power of 7.8 mW, (iv) local phase modification to create PdSe2-x channel with moderate laser power of 1.8 mW, the modified part is presented by red area. (c) Optical microscopy image of the device before and after laser patterning. The white dashed lines show the position of the underlying graphene contacts. The red dashed rectangular represents the area where the phase modification was performed. (d, e) SEM images of the modified area, where (e) is a zoom-in image of the yellow rectangular area in (d). (f, g) Representative Raman spectra for the PdSe2 and PdSe2/Gr regions before and after laser annealing with high laser power of 7.8 mW (LA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stem-characterization-of-crystal-structure-of-pdse2-35a5osr1.png Figure 2. STEM characterization of crystal structure of PdSe2-x and its interface with PdSe2. (a) Low magnification ADF-STEM of the sample on graphene after laser exposure (7.8 mW). (b) Magnified ADF-STEM image of the material annotated in the red box in (a), where the white line shows the demarcation between two different phases of the material. (c) Magnified ADF-STEM image of the laser-modified material, closer to the edge. (d) High resolution ADF-STEM image of the material annotated in the blue box in (c). (e) High resolution image of the initial material, which clearly shows the PdSe2 structure. The inset is the atomic resolution image of the boxed region. (f) Fast Fourier transform (FFT) of (e). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-electrical-performance-of-laser-modified-pdse2-fet-13ytbivi.png Figure 6. Electrical performance of laser modified PdSe2 FET devices. (a-c) Conductivity as a function of gate voltage, measured for the unmodified (PdSe2/Gr) and laser-modified (PdSe2-x/Gr LA) PdSe2 FET devices and for graphene FET device. (d) Drain-source current as a function of the drain-source voltage measured for the unmodified (PdSe2/Gr) and lasermodified (PdSe2-x/Gr LA) PdSe2 FET devices. (e, f) The structural schematics for the unmodified (PdSe2/Gr) and laser-modified (PdSe2-x/Gr LA) devices and the respective energy band diagrams (g, h) depicting graphene/semiconductor (Gr/S/Gr) and graphene/metal (Gr/M/Gr) interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-laser-enabled-patterning-of-the-pdse2-film-the-1kotfsxt.png Figure 4. Laser enabled patterning of the PdSe2 film. The laser power of 7.8 mW is used with 500 nm step in x direction and varying step in y direction: (a-e) 2 µm, (f-j) 1.5 µm and (ko) 1 µm. Schematic of the patterned regions (a,f,k). AFM (b, g, l) and SEM (c, h, m) images of the patterned films. The spatial Raman maps of the area of the PdSe2 peak at 260 cm-1 (d, i, n) and the Si peak at 520 cm-1 (e, j, o) measured in the laser-patterned regions. The values are in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-laser-induced-modifications-of-pdse2-a-schematic-2hl48trr.png Figure 1. Laser induced modifications of PdSe2. (a) Schematic representation of the PdSe2 material transformation under laser exposure. (b) Schematic side view of the TEM sample geometry. (c, d) Laser induced film damage with various laser power for the samples with/without underlying graphene support. Scale bar is 500 nm. (e) TEM image of the laser annealed sample. There are four distinct regions present in the sample: (1) graphene and PdSe2 film destruction resulting in a hole, (2) PdSe2 destruction resulting in formation of Pd nanoparticles, (3) transformation region with PdSe2-x phase and (4) unaffected region with https://scispace.com/papers/direct-liquid-cooling-method-verified-with-a-permanent-4gfj4s8bm7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-von-mises-stress-distribution-at-3000-min-1-speed-35lgua7y.png Fig. 8. Von Mises stress distribution at 3000 min-1 speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-rotor-deceleration-as-a-result-of-the-friction-2p0uaue4.png Fig. 10. The rotor deceleration as a result of the friction torque as a function of speed with and without magnets (from measurements). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematic-drawing-of-the-test-arrangment-in-the-1zuk9w3b.png Fig. 9. Schematic drawing of the test arrangment in the laboratory. The primary cooling circuit consists of a heat exchanger (with a secondary cooling loop), a pump, and cooling tubes inside the PMSM stator slots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-friction-torque-as-a-function-of-speed-with-and-30zhhyr1.png Fig. 11. Friction torque as a function of speed with and without magnets (from measurements). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-measured-temperatures-averaged-from-3-pt-100-values-374rplle.png Fig. 14. Measured temperatures (averaged from 3 Pt-100 values) drive with 50 C inlet water temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-measured-friction-and-iron-loss-as-a-function-of-2g7w7adl.png Fig. 12. The measured friction and iron loss as a function of speed according to no-load measurements after magnets are assembled to the rotor (gray) and friction loss withour magnets (black). The iron loss caused by the permanent magnet excitation increases the no-load loss dramatically from 175 W@1500 min-1 to 1.7 kW when PMs were inserted in the rotor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-measured-temperatures-averaged-from-3-pt-100-values-exsolgpk.png Fig. 13. Measured temperatures (averaged from 3 Pt-100 values) with 15 C inlet water temperature. Constant loads A and B according to table VI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-of-electric-bus-3q4m3lb2.png TABLE II PARAMETERS OF ELECTRIC BUS https://scispace.com/papers/direct-measurement-of-no-3-reactivity-in-a-boreal-forest-54d3g5vy09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expanded-view-of-five-campaign-days-illustrating-3qkxw7jy.png Figure 4. Expanded view of five campaign days illustrating the three types (1–3) of night encountered. Type 1 has a strong vertical gradient in temperature (T) and significant O3 loss with relative humidity (RH) at 100 %. Type 2 (no temperature inversion), has little or no O3 loss. Type 3 is influenced by emissions from the Korkeakoski sawmill. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-stationary-state-no3-mixing-ratios-calculated-from-391juoq1.png Figure 10. Stationary state NO3 mixing ratios calculated from the production term (k1[NO2][O3]) and using either kOTG+ k2[NO]+ JNO3 (b, black line), kGC-MS+ k2[NO]+ JNO3 (b, red line), or kGC-MS+ k2[NO]+ JNO3 (b, blue line) as loss terms. For comparison, the measured NO3 mixing ratios are also plotted (a, blue line) as well as the 1.3 pptv limit of detection (horizontal red line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gas-phase-formation-and-loss-of-tropospheric-no3-3smde5f6.png Figure 1. Gas-phase formation and loss of tropospheric NO3 indicating processes which transfer reactive nitrogen to the particulate phase. RONO2 are alkyl nitrates. VOC is volatile organic compound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diel-profiles-of-kotg-black-line-and-o3-blue-line-1fft9mee.png Figure 5. Diel profiles of kOTG (black line) and O3 (blue line) on two different types of days/nights. (a) Type 1 (strong nighttime temperature inversion). (b) Type 2, (no temperature inversion). The shaded areas represent 2 σ uncertainty and indicate variability over the diel cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-campaign-averaged-diel-cycle-of-no3-reactivity-3qow1jdn.png Figure 9. (a) Campaign averaged diel cycle of NO3 reactivity (kOTG) and the reactivity calculated from the monoterpenes reported by the GC-AED. The error bars represent the overall uncertainty in each parameter and not variability. Panels (b) and (c) show data from type 1 nights (significant nocturnal temperature inversion) and type 2 nights (weak or no nocturnal temperature inversion) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-measurements-during-ibairn-the-grey-3d4pz8yi.png Figure 2. Overview of measurements during IBAIRN. The grey shaded regions represent nighttime. The uncertainty in kOTG is given by the green shaded region. Measurements were obtained from the common inlet at a height of 8.5 m apart from the NO3 photolysis rate (taken from a height of 35 m on an adjacent tower), wind direction (WD) and wind speed (WS) (both at 16.5 m on the 128 m tower). A time series of kOTG is given in log scale in the Supplement (Fig. S1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-fraction-f-of-the-total-no3-loss-with-organic-36vb01ea.png Figure 12. The fraction, f , of the total NO3 loss with organic trace gases as a time series (a) and as a campaign averaged, diel cycle (b) where f = kOTG/(kOTG+ JNO3 + kNO). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-series-of-total-monoterpenes-from-gc-aed-black-qdggs9km.png Figure 6. Time series of total monoterpenes from GC-AED (black), GC-MS (red), and PTR-TOF-MS (blue). The data are reproduced as histograms in Fig. S3 of the Supplement. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-measurement-of-superluminal-group-velocity-and-signal-3xlhm3yd5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-index-of-refraction-and-absorption-77ach7dc.png FIG. 2 (color online). Index of refraction and absorption coefficient versus frequency for W0 WR 60. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-fast-light-and-slow-light-curves-compared-2bw2h95o.png FIG. 5 (color online). Fast-light and slow-light curves compared to the reference pulse, whose center is marked by the dashed vertical line. The solid vertical line marks the position of the summit of a pulse that would have travelled at speed c. The fast pulse shows superluminal group velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-basic-scheme-by-carefully-adjusting-the-wo9tuhcu.png FIG. 1 (color online). Basic scheme. By carefully adjusting the direction of both PBS, one can modify the group velocity of the pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-in-the-three-figures-the-reference-pulse-3pt7jb54.png FIG. 4 (color online). In the three figures, the reference pulse (dashed line) has been normalized for convenience. (a) Sequence of measurements obtained by varying the orientation of a polarizer, in a log scale. The stronger the absorption, the larger the group velocity, as expected. However, the pulse is distorted in such a way that its front travels with a constant speed, the signal velocity c=nf. (b), (c) Examples of measurements of fast light and of slow light, in a linear scale, together with theoretical fits (smooth solid curve). The real weak value W obtained from the fit is given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-experimental-setup-2pxx5z2d.png FIG. 3 (color online). Experimental setup. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-measurements-and-numerical-predictions-of-welding-1h8uybma75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-properties-of-material-ah32-used-for-the-1qh4ibfx.png Table 2. Mechanical properties of material AH32 used for the structure model. 112 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-welding-parameters-of-the-actual-welding-process-and-3v6j8jpp.png Table 3. Welding parameters of the actual welding process and welding procedure 117 specifications 118 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-engineering-stress-versus-engineering-strain-curve-of-2jk5007w.png Fig. 7. Engineering stress versus engineering strain curve of material AH32. 110 111 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-patterns-of-welding-induced-initial-38g2tgmh.png Fig. 1. Typical patterns of welding-induced initial deformations in stiffened plate 43 structures [2]. 44 45 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-welding-induced-deformations-in-thin-walled-ausle5uw.png Fig. 2. Example of welding-induced deformations in thin-walled structures [5]. 47 48 A number of studies on this topic are available in the literature, and their survey is 49 found in Ueda [4] and Paik [2], among others. The previous studies include both 50 direct measurements and numerical predictions. A few measurement studies were 51 performed with full-scale structure models [5]. Most of previous studies used 52 small-scale models which were far different from the actual welding in practice, 53 which would significantly affect the resulting measured initial deformations in 54 magnitude and pattern. Therefore, the development of direct measurement databases 55 of welding-induced initial deformations in full-scale steel stiffened plate structures is 56 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-full-penetration-of-welds-with-a-leg-length-of-7-mmm-219x1wrj.png Fig. 8. Full penetration of welds with a leg length of 7 mmm. 135 136 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-structure-after-completing-of-fabrication-in-the-3clnd5v9.png Fig. 9. The structure after completing of fabrication in the shipyard. 138 139 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-procedure-for-predicting-welding-induced-initial-1qhfo4gj.png Fig. 12. Procedure for predicting welding-induced initial deflections in plate panels 187 [12,13] 188 189 https://scispace.com/papers/direct-model-navigation-issue-shifted-in-the-continuous-47xpnr5tv4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-trajectory-generation-using-dkm-8jf5seql.png Fig. 1 : the trajectory generation using DKM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-cycab-model-140ectxw.png Fig. 11 : the CyCab model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-deterministic-and-stochastic-2oh4i4tq.png Fig. 8 : comparison between deterministic and stochastic algorithms in the presence of local minima https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-cycab-robot-1p142now.png Fig. 10 : the CyCab robot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-bypass-trajectory-performed-through-simulated-2xq9fvqs.png Fig. 9 : bypass trajectory performed through simulated annealing algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-dkm-navigation-principle-ogr2053c.png Fig. 2 : the DKM navigation principle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-between-the-robot-s-distance-from-the-3upcsajt.png Fig. 14: comparison between the robot's distance from the initial reference path and from the nearest obstacles in scenario 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-scenario-1-navigation-of-the-cycab-robot-in-a-3bw61bvj.png Fig. 12 - scenario 1: navigation of the CyCab robot in a cluttered environment https://scispace.com/papers/direct-numerical-simulation-of-a-fully-developed-turbulent-12a0u4angn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schema-of-the-square-duct-2e2y8ywn.png Figure 1: Schema of the square duct. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-point-correlations-of-the-stream-wise-velocity-2oec7yos.png Figure 2: Two-point correlations of the stream-wise velocity, u, at nine monitoring locations. This case corresponds to a simulation with Lx/h = 4π, i.e. double length that the simulation parameters shown in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-and-numerical-simulation-parameters-2gr6wz0w.png Table 2: Physical and numerical simulation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-secondary-velocity-vectors-with-mean-stream-10dcpacv.png Figure 6: Mean secondary velocity vectors with mean stream-wise flow contours at: (a) Reτ = 300, (b) Reτ = 600, (c) Reτ = 900, (d) Reτ = 1200. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-profiles-of-the-mean-lateral-velocity-near-the-a-19uvviw6.png Figure 9: Profiles of the mean lateral velocity near the (a) bottom and (b) wall bisector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-correlation-of-the-stream-wise-velocity-u-at-cz1mp7ml.png Figure 5: Time correlation of the stream-wise velocity, u, at two locations at y+ = 10 for Reτ = 900. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-profiles-of-the-mean-stream-wise-velocity-near-the-3if8i0c5.png Figure 8: Profiles of the mean stream-wise velocity near the (a) bottom and (b) wall bisector. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-simulation-work-relevant-to-turbulent-duct-2d3h80ac.png Table 1: Numerical simulation work relevant to turbulent duct flows. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-observation-of-the-surface-topography-at-high-2wg5j5tpgx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variations-of-sa-a-and-sz-b-parameters-as-a-37w8c6wg.png Figure 3. Variations of Sa (a) and Sz (b) parameters as a function of temperature, determined from 3D reconstructions at magnification 500X. The grey circle and the grey square are associated to the Sa and Sz values obtained after 30 minutes heat treatment at 900°C. The black circle and the black square are associated to the Sa and Sz values obtained after sample cooling at room temperature (these points are arbitrary reported at T=930°C for clarity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-views-of-the-furnasem-heating-stage-a-positioned-on-ttzpzfg5.png Figure 1. Views of the FurnaSEM heating stage. a) Positioned on the stage of the ESEM. b) Heated at 900°C in 100Pa air inside the ESEM chamber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2d-and-corresponding-3d-reconstructions-of-the-1i1n54pk.png Figure 2. 2D and corresponding 3D reconstructions of the sample surface recorded in situ at high temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-3d-reconstructions-obtained-at-different-3d61t8ul.png Figure 5. (a) 3D reconstructions obtained at different temperatures showing Grain 1 morphological modifications, (b) Zone where the profiles are measured and (c) Profiles determined at different temperatures (lines) and associated differences between the profile determined at a given temperature and the profile determined at the end of the heat treatment (dot lines). NB. “900°C - end” means a 30 minutes heat treatment at 900°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-d-high-temperature-t-900degc-esem-images-tilt-1coc19f3.png Figure 4. (a-d) High temperature (T=900°C) ESEM images (tilt angle =0°) and (e-h) corresponding 3D reconstructions recorded at different magnifications. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-write-electron-beam-lithography-of-an-ir-antenna-2v83vmwjpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-image-of-the-hemispherical-lens-mounted-on-a-chip-1tuiqvvy.png FIG. 6. Image of the hemispherical lens mounted on a chip carrier for a substrate-side illumination and b airside illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-image-of-the-hemispherical-lens-and-evaporator-holder-1x24zip1.png FIG. 4. Image of the hemispherical lens and evaporator holder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-image-of-the-finished-antenna-coupled-dtbusifa.png FIG. 5. SEM Image of the finished antenna-coupled microbolometer at the center of the lens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-image-of-the-hemispherical-lens-and-sem-fixture-33196mt0.png FIG. 3. Image of the hemispherical lens and SEM fixture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-image-of-the-spinner-holder-for-the-hemispherical-2se2eab7.png FIG. 1. a Image of the spinner holder for the hemispherical lens. b Drawing of spinner holder for the hemispherical lens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-image-of-the-hot-plate-holder-for-the-hemispherical-29zgad7s.png FIG. 2. a Image of the hot-plate holder for the hemispherical lens. b Drawing of the hot-plate holder for the hemispherical lens. https://scispace.com/papers/direct-push-multilevel-sampling-system-for-unconsolidated-4puqdyjkuj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vertical-cross-section-of-the-reference-systems-and-27mlzmd8.png Fig. 5 Vertical cross section of the reference systems and SMPS system used for the validation tests comparing the concentrations profiles. On the left is the geological cross section of the studied area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-horizontal-cross-section-of-the-smps-system-with-five-22fr6pbo.png Fig. 1 Horizontal cross section of the SMPS system with five PVC sampling tubes. ID internal diameter, OD outside diameter, NBR nitrile butadiene rubber https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-profiles-of-the-smps-system-dash-line-and-reference-23n07r5m.png Fig. 6 Profiles of the SMPS system (dash line) and reference systems (solid line) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vertical-cross-section-illustrating-the-different-13o19404.png Fig. 2 Vertical cross section illustrating the different steps of installing the SMPS system. a Ramming the casing with the metal tip into the ground. b Introducing the system through the metal casing and pulling out the metal casing. The cement-bentonite grout is injected via the central tube in black. c Final view of the SMPS system with cement-bentonite packers and equipped with a flush mounted well cover https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plan-view-of-the-study-site-showing-location-of-smps-22x8gh2b.png Fig. 3 Plan view of the study site, showing location of SMPS systems and reference systems. PCE is tetrachloroethene https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vertical-cross-section-of-the-two-smps-systems-used-4lm3gqe8.png Fig. 4 Vertical cross section of the two SMPS systems used for artificial tracer tests. On the left is the geological cross section of the studied area. ML1 is the SMPS system without cement-bentonite packer and ML2 is the tubing-multilevel systems equipped with packers. The bold arrows show the tracer injections. The curved arrows show the possible circulations between the ports after tracer injection when sampling in the port above and below. Connections were observed between ports ML1-3 and ML1-4, while no circulations were observed between other ports https://scispace.com/papers/directed-derivatives-of-convex-compact-valued-mappings-n062rmm3b7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-and-1wp2yfrs.png Figure 1.5 , and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-and-1gcnb6ry.png Figure 1.1 , and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-and-i76k3rgx.png Figure 1.4 , and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-and-gbhk1nb3.png Figure 1.6 , and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-and-jabpdf8c.png Figure 1.3 , and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-and-2uq194jf.png Figure 1.2 , and https://scispace.com/papers/directed-diffusion-of-reconstituting-dimers-4ivgosla4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-autocorrelation-functions-of-critical-bcc-sector-lc-359l3ft5.png Figure 4. Autocorrelation functions of critical BCC sector (Lc/L ' √ 6 − 2), for both even and odd sublattices (dashed and solid lines respectively). In both cases, the asymptotic behaviour is consistent with a t−2/3 relaxation. As explained in the text, the early time oscillations are due to the periodicity of the four IS characters [1000]. The inset displays even and odd sublattice currents (upper and lower curves respectively), as functions of their corresponding densities ρ2 = 1 − LL , ρ1 = 1 − L2L . The data are accurately described by J2 = 2ρ2(1 − ρ2)/(3 − ρ2) and J1 = (1 − ρ1)(2ρ1 − 1)/(2 − ρ1), in agreement with equation (9). The critical condition of the main panel corresponds to maximum currents near ρ2 = 3− √ 6, and ρ1 = 2−√3/2, namely at vanishing wave velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-autocorrelation-functions-of-null-strings-0-l-with-2h6auuyo.png Figure 1. Autocorrelation functions of null strings [0]L with different lengths L. From bottom to top they refer to L/L = 1/5, 3/5, 1/3 and ∼√2 − 1 (compensating condition W − U = 0). The latter case is consistent with a t−2/3 large-time decay, whereas the other situations give rise to exponential decays. The inset displays steady currents of null sectors with particle densities ρ = 1 − L/L , closely following the analytical current ρ(ρ − 1)/(ρ − 2) derived from section 3, and reaching a maximum near vanishing wave velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-autocorrelations-of-critical-b-bc-string-with-13k8r5eh.png Figure 5. Autocorrelations of critical B BC string with length density Lc/L ' √ 30 − 5. The large-time behaviour follows closely a t−2/3 power law decay (denoted by the rightmost lower dashed line). As in figure 4, the initial oscillations can be accounted for by the periodicity of the IS elements [10100]. The inset contains the steady currents (equivalent in both sublattices), which follow entirely their analytical counterparts J = (ρ−1)(5ρ−2)/(ρ−4), in equation (9). The wave velocity vanishes at the current maximum, on approaching the main panel regime at ρ = 4−3√6/5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatial-pair-correlations-of-sector-0-l-for-l-l-1-2-23s3ppgv.png Figure 6. Spatial pair correlations of sector [0]L for L/L = 1/2 (triangles), 1/3 (circles), 1/5 (squares) and 1/10 (rhomboids). The solid lines are fitted with slopes (inverse correlation length) ξ−1 = ln( 1+L/L1−L/L ), in agreement with equations (10) and (11). The actual oscillations of C(r) also follow the behaviour predicted in section 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-data-collapse-of-autocorrelations-in-sector-0-l-for-oclgnkqq.png Figure 3. Data collapse of autocorrelations in sector [0]L for non-critical regimes. They refer respectively to L/L = 3/5 (squares), 1/5 (circles) and 1/3 (triangles). The curvature of the ASEP scaling function g00 (solid line, [12]) shows that the collapse achieved through the fitting parameters a, b is yet very far from the asymptote. The latter is only reached above s3 = at & 200, as hinted at by the actual behaviour of g00 exhibited in the inset. Nevertheless, the resulting values of a and b are understandable in terms of the analysis of g00 given in [12, 16] along with the wheeling velocity (equation (2)). For the purposes of display, all early time data (at . 1/2) have been pruned. https://scispace.com/papers/directed-forgetting-of-complex-pictures-in-an-item-method-1kdzqnltdq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-picture-sets-used-to-view-this-cxjncdrq.png Figure 1. Illustration of the picture sets used. To view this figure in colour, please visit the online version of this issue. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recognition-rate-and-reaction-times-6u52vtx0.png TABLE 2 Recognition rate and reaction times https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-questionnaire-scores-1arjqayb.png TABLE 1 Questionnaire scores https://scispace.com/papers/discharge-cavitation-during-microwave-electrochemistry-at-b2ssapyq7e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chronoamperometry-data-obtained-with-a-0-8-mm-diameter-3pxidpfx.png Fig. 2 Chronoamperometry data obtained with a 0.8 mm diameter Pt disc electrode immersed in aqueous 1 M KCl containing 10 mM Ru(NH3)6 3+ in the presence of microwave radiation (12 mA magnetron anode current, pulsed) (A) in the capacitive potential region (ca. 0.4 V vs. SCE) and (B) in the Faradaic potential region (ca. 0.6 V vs. SCE). The time axis shows the time after switching on the microwave pulse. (C) Schematic depiction of homogeneous discharge cavitation versus microwave induced surface discharge cavitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-voltammetry-responses-scan-rate-20-mv-s-1-obtained-for-12fq7q68.png Fig. 1 Voltammetry responses (scan rate 20 mV s 1) obtained for reduction of 10 mM Ru(NH3)6 3+ in aqueous 1 M KCl at a 0.8 mm diameter platinum disc electrode: (A) in the absence of microwave radiation, (B) in the presence of microwaves with 3.4 mA magnetron anode current, and (C) as in B but with expanded current scale. https://scispace.com/papers/directional-discrete-cosine-transform-for-handwritten-script-53h4cb7cq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-few-of-examples-of-bi-scripts-sample-images-real-2ugfx0p7.png Fig. 1. A few of examples of bi-scripts’ sample images: real Indian post card addresses can be written using bi-scripts, and are highlighted through red color marks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-showing-word-segmentation-using-devanagari-3uhnyh25.png Fig. 2. An example showing word segmentation using Devanagari text block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-it-illustrates-a-script-identification-performance-of-uct6zd0z.png Fig. 4. It illustrates (a) script identification performance of conventional DCT and D-DCT, (b) time complexity (in sec.) of feature extraction methods (DDI and D-DCT). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-features-spread-plot-a-horizontal-2ms7rynf.png Fig. 3. An example of features spread plot (a) horizontal features of Indian Roman and Kannada script, (b) horizontal features of IAM Roman and Kannada scrip, and (c) diagonal features of Indian Roman and Kannada script. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-multi-script-identification-in-with-lda-2utt9aeh.png TABLE V. MULTI-SCRIPT IDENTIFICATION (IN %) WITH LDA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-bi-script-identification-in-with-k-nn-lower-393qt1ng.png TABLE II. BI-SCRIPT IDENTIFICATION (IN %) WITH K-NN (LOWER TRIANGLE RESULTS ARE FROM DDI AND UPPER TRIANGLE ARE FROM D-DCT). https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-multi-script-identification-in-with-k-nn-3k73waja.png TABLE VI. MULTI-SCRIPT IDENTIFICATION (IN %) WITH K-NN. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-bi-script-identification-results-in-with-lda-lower-qbz803gp.png TABLE I. BI-SCRIPT IDENTIFICATION RESULTS IN % WITH LDA (LOWER TRIANGLE RESULTS ARE FROM DDI AND UPPER TRIANGLE ARE FROM D-DCT). https://scispace.com/papers/disclosure-venture-capital-and-entrepreneurial-spawning-z9qxv63dzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-country-characteristics-2rou2a9s.png Table 3. Country characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-securities-laws-and-the-performance-of-venture-3vduhaw2.png Table 7. Securities laws and the performance of venture capital The multinomial logit model used for entrepreneurs is )()Pr( 43210 kkjiijj LawsSecuritiesYIXInvtusCurrentSta βββββα +++++Ψ= where Ψ is the cumulative logistic probability distribution function. Current Status is the current status of the PC: Public, Subsidiary, or Defunct. Inv is a vector of investment-specific data such as: Investment Term,Yrs Since Last Inv, Portfolio Size/Mgr, and Industry M/B. Xi is a vector of VC characteristics including: Corporate VC, Expertise, and Risk. Y is a vector of macroeconomic variables including Market Cap Market Return, GDP per capita, Hot, Domestic Credit, Judicial Efficiency and Anti-director Rights. SecuritiesLaws is either Supervisor, Investigative, Orders, Criminal, Public Enforcement, Disclosure, Burden of Proof, or Private Enforcement. Public Enforcement is the arithmetic average of Supervisor, Investigative, Orders and Criminal. Private Enforcement is the arithmetic average of Disclosure and Burden of Proof. The base specification is Public Status = Defunct. Investment (PC) data specifics are from VentureXpert. Marginal effects are reported and robust standard errors (clustered around PC) are given in brackets. *, **, *** indicate significance levels of 10, 5, and 1 percent respectively. Sample includes VC/PC relationships in SDC Platinum where the last investment in portfolio company was between 1999 and 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-difference-in-means-2ttfnuyk.png Table 4. Difference in means https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-disclosure-and-venture-capital-investments-szypobfy.png Figure 1. Disclosure and venture capital investments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-2cvvx9oh.png Table 2. Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-securities-laws-and-the-amount-of-venture-capital-1qm1y57s.png Table 8. Securities laws and the amount of venture capital The ordinary least squares model used is kktktk LawsSecuritiesYSupplyVC ελλϕ +++= − 11,0, . Supply VCs is either Number of VC Deals, Number of VC Firms, Sum of Equity, or Sum of Deal Value. Y is a vector of macroeconomic variables including Market Cap Market Return, GDP per capita, Hot, Domestic Credit, Judicial Efficiency and Anti-director Rights. SecuritiesLaws is either Supervisor, Investigative, Orders, Criminal, Public Enforcement, Disclosure, Burden of Proof, or Private Enforcement. Public Enforcement is the arithmetic average of Supervisor, Investigative, Orders and Criminal. Private Enforcement is the arithmetic average of Disclosure and Burden of Proof. Investment (PC) data specifics are from VentureXpert. Marginal effects are reported and robust standard errors (clustered around country) are given in brackets. *, **, *** indicate significance levels of 10, 5, and 1 percent respectively. Sample term is 1999-2008. https://scispace.com/papers/discordant-patterns-of-genetic-and-phenotypic-47rsrhbpv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geographical-location-of-the-12-micro-reserves-from-2kxtfdss.png Table 1 Geographical location of the 12 micro-reserves from La Mancha region considered in this study and sample sizes (number of 950 males/females in parentheses; only males were collected for Cb and Ci) and genetic variability (AR) for each studied species. 951 952 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-r-for-mantel-test-between-a-1p68g85j.png Table 2 Correlation coefficients (r) for Mantel test between (a) genetic (FST) and (b) 956 phenotypic distance (PST) matrices of each species pair (below the diagonal) and for 957 partial Mantel test controlling for geographical distance (above the diagonal); (c) 958 Procrustes sum of squares (m2) from PROTEST analyses. Values in bold are statistically 959 significant after sequential Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). 960 961 https://scispace.com/papers/discovering-and-manipulating-affordances-3v6i0cyive 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-baxter-robotics-platform-used-for-our-experiments-2wly9o7p.png Fig. 2. The Baxter robotics platform used for our experiments. The RGB-D camera used for perception is visible in the foreground. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-bayesian-network-obtained-after-feeding-the-21ne7580.png Fig. 4. The Bayesian Network obtained after feeding the interaction data with the atomic objects cart and blockLoad. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-conditional-linear-gaussian-network-obtained-after-2422i9jx.png Fig. 5. Conditional linear Gaussian network obtained after learning process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-learned-gaussian-bn-all-nodes-are-defined-as-1tl3f9tu.png Fig. 3. Learned Gaussian BN. All nodes are defined as continuous random variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-objects-used-in-the-experiments-and-the-employed-25e4122l.png Table 1. The objects used in the experiments, and the employed composition order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-proposed-sensorimotor-approach-for-2tbfntx8.png Fig. 1. Architecture of the proposed sensorimotor approach for affordance learning. https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-a-bright-field-methane-t-type-brown-dwarf-by-2yrmthim1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1gmgb1vd.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-enear-infrared-spectrum-of-2mass-j0559-14-solid-line-1izqen4q.png FIG. 2.ÈNear-infrared spectrum of 2MASS J0559[14 (solid line) obtained by CorMASS. Overlaid are SDSS 1624]00 data from Burgasser et al. (2000b) and from Strauss et al. (1999) for 0.87È1 km and 1È2.35 km, respectively (dashed line). Both spectra are normalized to one at the 1.27 km peak. Prominent molecular bands of and (collision-induced absorption) are indicated, as is an FeH band at 0.9896 km and the K I wing at z band.H2O, CH4, H2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-eserc-ej-optical-and-2mass-j-band-images-of-the-2mass-2hlcgp1f.png FIG. 1.ÈSERC-EJ Optical and 2MASS J-band images of the 2MASS J0559[14 Ðeld. Images are 5@] 5@ with north up and east to the left. A 20A ] 20A box is drawn around the location of the T dwarf in both images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-etwo-detailed-regions-of-figure-2-showing-a-0-88e1-01-1xsjroxk.png FIG. 3.ÈTwo detailed regions of Figure 2 showing (a) 0.88È1.01 km and (b) 1.15È1.345 km. Spectra are normalized as in Figure 2. Features of FeH (0.9896 km), K I (1.1690, 1.1773, 1.2432, 1.2522 km), and Cs I (0.8943 km) are indicated, as are and bands.H2O CH4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1yktolva.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/discovering-coherent-biclusters-from-gene-expression-data-3pwcstuvr1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-zbdds-for-vertical-seeds-1lrcdmi3.png Fig. 7. ZBDDs for vertical seeds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-continuation-of-the-trie-example-in-fig-13-bicluster-21rphu0a.png Fig. 14. Continuation of the trie example in Fig. 13. Bicluster #1 in Fig. 2b is found from the trie in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-operators-and-on-zbdds-a-the-set-operators-are-31y3t7c5.png Fig. 15. The operators [ and on ZBDDs. (a) The set operators are recursively defined on the ZBDDs. The operator \ is defined in the same way as the operator , but is not shown here. (b) An example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-roc-curve-auc-1-4-0-75-showing-that-our-biclusters-1anhikce.png Fig. 19. ROC curve (AUC ¼ 0:75) showing that our biclusters and the -biclusters [8] found from the yeast data set [30] can be discriminated against with respect to the known gene categories by Tavazoie et al. [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characterization-of-biclusters-in-some-applications-12gtptlq.png Fig. 1. Characterization of biclusters. In some applications, such as gene coregulation analysis, the biclusters in area A are most interesting. On the other hand, the biclusters in area C are important in other applications, such as marker gene identification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-to-be-referred-to-throughout-the-paper-a-gene-14aj63vk.png Fig. 2. Example to be referred to throughout the paper. (a) Gene expression data matrix D ¼ ðUG; UEÞ, where UG ¼ fg0; g1; g2; g3; g4; g5g and UE ¼ fe0; e1; e2; e3; e4; e5g. (b) Two maximal biclusters on D we are going to find. The parameters used are ¼ 1, MG ¼ ME ¼ 3, as will be explained in Section 2.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relationship-between-g-and-e-in-a-q-bicluster-b-1-4-dg-1pmrsina.png Fig. 8. Relationship between G and E in a Q-bicluster B ¼ ðG;EÞ. (a) Definitions. (b) Deriving G from E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-trie-representation-of-horizontal-seeds-and-the-2egl9v7z.png Fig. 12. The trie representation of horizontal seeds and the experiment sets predicted from them. The edge labeled with i corresponds to the experiment ei. The path from the root to node n represents the set of experiments n:E. The set associated with each node is the set of genes n:G. (a) Horizontal seeds from Fig. 11c. (b) Predicted E sets. The trie has been expanded to examine possible experiment sets. ME ¼ 3. https://scispace.com/papers/discovering-the-discriminating-power-in-patient-test-4v8w1g03h7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-testing-the-impact-of-each-feature-increasing-the-yel4tc38.png Fig. 4. Testing the impact of each feature: increasing the weight of the “Muscle Activation” feature results into a robust patient-healthy separation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-multi-objective-result-of-all-the-feature-type-1j6c4fs2.png Fig. 3. Multi-objective result of all the feature type combined. The gathering of the green dots representing the control subjects in the lower part is not concentrated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-the-potential-objective-minimization-a-the-ey9n3k41.png Fig. 1. Example of the potential objective minimization. (a) The points and their similarities form a complete graph. The graph’s vertices are placed at random positions. (b) The minimum spanning tree of the graph is calculated. (c) By minimizing the potential objective, the vertices are moved so that the tree’s structure is apparent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-pareto-diagram-illustrating-the-pareto-front-3p7m7j96.png Fig. 2. Example Pareto diagram illustrating the Pareto front for a problem of two objectives, J1 and J2. The gray area represents the set of all feasible solutions, while the bold border is the Pareto front. Solution P2 dominates P1, as well as all solutions within the hatched area. Solutions P2 and P3 are incomparable. https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-a-wolf-rayet-star-through-detection-of-its-he87cspinv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-emission-lines-h0wreui2.png Table 2 Emission Lines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-the-normalized-het-spectrum-of-wr-142b-showing-2egdegar.png Figure 3. Left: the normalized HET spectrum of WR 142b showing the identifications of the major lines. The spectrum has been corrected for telluric absorption but residual features are marked. Right: the blue end of the normalized LBT spectrum showing no evidence of a hot companion star. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-i-band-light-curve-of-wr-142b-the-magnitude-1c4k0iur.png Figure 5. Typical I-band light curve of WR 142b. The magnitude is calibrated assuming that the comparison star has a brightness of I = 11.26 mag. The check star is shown shifted by −1.4 mag. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-resolved-photometry-log-l8zqun6u.png Table 1 Time-resolved Photometry Log https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-red-digitized-sky-survey-image-around-v503-cyg-12in4037.png Figure 1. Red Digitized Sky Survey image around V503 Cyg showing the variable stars (Stars A–G) identified in this study. Star X is the comparison star used in the photometry and Star Y is a check star. Star B is a new Wolf–Rayet star, WR 142b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-discovery-spectrum-of-wr-142b-shifted-by-a-factor-32cjwqni.png Figure 2. Discovery spectrum of WR 142b (shifted by a factor of three) compared with the HET spectrum confirming the classification as a WR star. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-28-mm-wavelength-msx-image-centered-on-wr-142b-1ucov0y0.png Figure 4. 8.28 μm wavelength MSX image centered on WR 142b. The left panel shows a 2 deg region around the star. The right panel is a 0.5 deg field showing WR 142b in the center. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-long-term-variability-of-wr-142b-3sdpd0xt.png Table 3 Long-term Variability of WR 142b https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-an-ultra-quantum-spin-liquid-32mmbvmgtr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-specific-heat-of-lcso-lczso-and-lzso-a-measured-4abgznai.png Fig. 1. Specific heat of LCSO, LCZSO, and LZSO. a, Measured specific heats in zero field. b, Intrinsic magnetic contribution CM(T,H)/T to the specific heat divided by temperature at various magnetic fields for LCSO, after subtraction of the lattice, nuclear-Schottky, and impuritySchottky contributions (See text and SI Sec. IV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-muon-spin-relaxation-rate-and-specific-heat-in-lcso-a-3n914izd.png Fig. 3. Muon spin relaxation rate and specific heat in LCSO. A. Temperature dependencies of zero-field muon spin relaxation rate λ(T ) (red dots: data taken at PSI; red squares: data taken at TRIUMF) and CM(T )/T (blue dots) at zero field. It is remarkable that the relaxation rate tends to a constant value at low temperatures, and that it follows the temperature dependence of CM/T over the entire temperature range. Inset: separation of CM/T into contributions from the two layers (SI Sec. VI). The low-temperature constant values are approximately inversely as their respective ΘW’s as determined by the fit to the magnetic susceptibility measurements (SI Sec. VI). The characteristic temperatures of the two logarithmic terms are also similar to the respective ΘW values. The knee between the two logarithms, for T & ΘW2 requires a semiclassical form, which we fit to the expression mandated for T >> ΘW. With this fit, the measured magnetic entropy is consistent with being the same for both layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-entropy-of-lcso-a-change-sm-t-h-sm-0-1-k-h-in-magnetic-q382qqgs.png Fig. 2. Entropy of LCSO. a, Change SM(T,H)−SM(0.1 K, H) in magnetic entropy, normalized to R ln 2 per spin, 0.1 K ≤ T ≤ 23 K, 0 ≤ H ≤ 9 T. b, Red symbols: change ∆SM(T,H) = SM(T,H)−SM(T, 0) in magnetic entropy in an applied field of 9 Tesla as a function of temperature from 2 K to 300 K from measurements of magnetization in LCSO (see text and SI Sec. IV). Black symbols: the same quantity up to 20 K from the direct determination of magnetic entropy shown in Panel a. The lost magnetic entropy is fully recovered at high temperatures, proving that the missing entropy is independent of the applied field. https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-an-outstanding-hoabinhian-site-from-the-late-e125c7f0cg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-burial-ndeg1-dpk-de-5-a-lithic-artefacts-b-animal-2206s5zt.png Figure 4 Burial n°1 (dpk DE-5): a) lithic artefacts, b) animal bones c) human bones, d) charcoals, e) ochre, f) limestone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-burial-ndeg1-dpk-de-5-with-the-mortar-filled-with-1hx380uv.png Figure 5 Burial n°1 (dpk DE-5) with the mortar filled with ochre powder. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-direct-dating-of-the-material-from-the-burials-at-1sy8kphk.png Table 4 Direct dating of the material from the burials at Doi Pha Kan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-location-of-the-excavated-area-at-doi-pha-kan-2z704lb2.png Figure 3 Location of the excavated area at Doi Pha Kan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-location-of-doi-pha-kan-site-8lf631o6.png Figure 2 Location of Doi Pha Kan site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-superposition-of-the-burials-a-shell-b-lithic-3bl5dwtt.png Figure 10 Superposition of the burials. a) shell, b) lithic artefacts, c) animal bones d) human bones, e) charcoals, f) ochre, g) limestone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-sites-indicated-in-the-text-with-ox0wmer5.png Figure 1 Map of the sites indicated in the text with indication of Hoabinhian cultural area (hatched surface) with sites including perforated stones (point), flexed burial (square)), “tall people” potential area (red line), the covered graves potential area (blue line), modified from Imdirakphol et al. (2017). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-samples-of-hoabinhian-burials-due-to-the-aauy2twp.png Table 1 Comparative samples of Hoabinhian burials. Due to the lack of an accurate count in the different sites, the ”crouched” burials from the Zengpiyan cave (northern part of Guangxi province) from period IV (12,000 - 8000 BP) and from Liyuzui (central Guangxi province) for period I (9000-8000 BP) described by (Rispoli 2007) are not included in the table. https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-novel-pyridazinylthioacetamides-as-potent-hiv-1-32h36n4kv0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inhibitory-activity-of-compound-8k-against-hiv-1-rt-1md85xt5.png Table 2 Inhibitory activity of compound 8k against HIV-1 RT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-predicted-binding-mode-and-molecular-docking-of-2cdkjs89.png Fig. 3 (A) Predicted binding mode and molecular docking of compound 8k into th conformations of 8k (white) and ZP7 (purple) in HIV-1 RT (PDB code: 3DLG); (C) super RT (PDB code: 3DLG). The docking results are shown by PyMOL. Hydrogen bonds a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-azolylthioacetanilide-based-nnrtis-24ajg99r.png Fig. 1 Azolylthioacetanilide-based NNRTIs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anti-hiv-activity-cytotoxicity-and-selectivity-2a4z4caa.png Table 1 Anti-HIV activity, cytotoxicity and selectivity indices of 2-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)pyridazin-3-ylthio)-N-arylacetamide derivatives (8a–8p) https://scispace.com/papers/discovery-of-five-recycled-pulsars-in-a-high-galactic-4ube9yeliu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histograms-of-height-above-the-galactic-plane-for-166hf6ak.png Fig. 3.—Histograms of height above the Galactic plane for isolated (top) and binary (bottom) field MSPs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-pulse-profiles-at-1-4-ghz-psr-j1600-3053-1jikg4ku.png Fig. 1.—Average pulse profiles at 1.4 GHz. PSR J1600 3053 profile measured with CPSR2 (solid ) and the 512 ; 0:5 MHz filter bank (dotted ), and J1741+1351 profile measured by the 96 ; 3 MHz filter bank. The 512 ; 0:5 MHz filter bank was used for all others. Horizontal bars represent the time resolution of the observing system arising from the differential dispersion within a filter-bank channel and the sampling interval, except for J1600 3053 where horizontal bar indicates 2 s time resolution of the coherently dedispersed pulse profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pulsar-parameters-for-j1528-3146-and-j1600-3053-5wsxpaxw.png TABLE 1 Pulsar Parameters for J1528 3146 and J1600 3053 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pulsar-parameters-for-j1741-1351-j1933-6211-and-1pcrn0dz.png TABLE 2 Pulsar Parameters for J1741+1351, J1933 6211, and J2010 1323 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-timing-residuals-plotted-vs-observation-epoch-left-7xf3enc9.png Fig. 2.—Timing residuals plotted vs. observation epoch (left column) and orbital phase (right column) for pulsars with phase-connected timing solutions. Filled circles represent observations at 1390 MHz, open squares represent 600 MHz observations. https://scispace.com/papers/discrete-fracture-networks-modeling-of-shale-gas-production-2xnvwqvy15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-log-log-plot-with-and-without-adsorption-gas-1g0hhg2h.png Fig. 8 Log-log plot with and without adsorption gas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-square-root-of-time-plot-with-and-without-adsorption-35gqw1qr.png Fig. 9 Square root of time plot with and without adsorption gas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-matrix-apparent-permeability-in-the-srv-after-50-and-19izyk1j.png Fig. 19 Matrix apparent permeability in the SRV after 50 and 500 days of production with fracture networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-cumulative-production-with-and-without-matrix-u2o5cui4.png Fig. 20 Cumulative production with and without matrix permeability evolution inside SRV with fracture networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-square-root-of-time-plot-with-and-without-fracture-2sbrx2bx.png Fig. 18 Square root of time plot with and without fracture networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-34-square-root-of-time-plot-with-unevenly-distributed-3dp2ga1o.png Fig. 34 Square root of time plot with unevenly distributed hydraulic fractures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-33-log-log-plot-with-unevenly-distributed-hydraulic-17wr618l.png Fig. 33 Log-log plot with unevenly distributed hydraulic fractures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-how-these-different-flow-regimes-which-32aml9k8.png Table 1 shows how these different flow regimes, which correspond to specific flow mechanisms, can be classified by different ranges of 𝐾𝑛. https://scispace.com/papers/discrete-multitone-format-for-repeater-less-direct-sjf03b8u98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-our-envisaged-system-architecture-repeater-less-and-2jmaph9t.png Fig. 10. Our envisaged system architecture: repeater-less, and filter-less transmission through SMF-28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-kjao9o4i.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-rf-spectrum-of-the-input-dmt-signal-with-different-2610ahzt.png Fig. 3. (a) RF spectrum of the input DMT signal with different pre-emphasis levels. (b) Measured RF spectra of received signals. (c) Back-to-back capacity at different pre-emphasis levels for different DAC resolutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-back-to-back-capacity-obtained-with-different-dac-3ny44t8j.png Fig. 2. (a) Back-to-back capacity obtained with different DAC resolutions and sampling rates. (b) Bit allocation map for 8-GHz DMT signal with different DAC resolutions. b(1): 10 bits; b(2): 6 bits; b(3) 5 bits; b(4) 4 bits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-capacity-obtained-for-dmt-signal-with-different-number-2azr3r07.png Fig. 4. Capacity obtained for DMT signal with different number of subcarriers. Signals were generated using 8-bits 24-GSa/s DAC without preemphasis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-capacity-achieved-after-transmission-1jheu70o.png TABLE I CAPACITY ACHIEVED AFTER TRANSMISSION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-electrical-spectrum-of-the-detected-signals-at-back-to-94hi722t.png Fig. 8 Electrical spectrum of the detected signals at back-to-back. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-capacity-obtained-for-8-ghz-dmt-signal-with-different-3sjpgklc.png Fig. 6. Capacity obtained for 8-GHz DMT signal with different transmitters. https://scispace.com/papers/discretized-gaussian-modulation-based-continuous-variable-cv-2ia574r0ez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-skrs-when-simplified-oscd-based-qkd-is-used-2tepnlek.png Fig. 3 Normalized SKRs when simplified OSCD-based QKD is used for different signal constellation sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-skrs-for-proposed-discretized-gm-qkd-3u4lqa3u.png Fig. 2 Normalized SKRs for proposed discretized GM-QKD protocol vs. channel loss for different signal constellation sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-proposed-rf-assisted-discretized-gm-cv-qkd-scheme-2p8u0bcl.png Fig. 1 The proposed RF-assisted discretized GM-CV-QKD scheme. VOA: variable optical attenuator, BPD: balanced photodetector, BPF: bandpass filter. https://scispace.com/papers/discrete-temporal-constraint-satisfaction-problems-24tgi7ofun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-for-item-2-of-the-proof-of-lemma-4-1qsvbtrg.png Figure 2: Illustration for item (2) of the proof of Lemma 4. Here, a9 is not in the same equivalence class as any of the previous points. Assume that g(a8) < g(a9) < g(a4). We then find a copy of Z between the copies containing h8(a8) and h8(a4) and not containing any points of the image of h8. We set h9(a8) to be an arbitrary point in this new copy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-for-item-1-of-the-proof-of-lemma-4-we-2ds0odtz.png Figure 1: Illustration for item (1) of the proof of Lemma 4. We consider the case i = 8. The domain of h8 is depicted above, and the copies of Z intersecting the image of h8 are depicted below. Here, the image of h8 intersects two copies of Z. The colours represent equivalence classes of (g, s)connectedness, where g is a function of some Fj that connects all the points of {a1, . . . , a9} that eventually become connected. Since a9 is in the same class as some previous point, we are in case (1) of the construction. Supposing that g(a9) = g(a8) + 3, we build h9 by setting h9(a9) = h9(a8) + 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-proof-of-lemma-8-after-the-hw3jzaek.png Figure 4: Illustration of the proof of Lemma 8, after the first step of the construction. The blue nodes (light grey) are now the integers in S′3 that are not in S2 or in p(S3), that is, the integers that are mapped by h to integers near h(S2 ∪ p(S3)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-proof-of-lemma-8-here-k-3-1-and-11zergg9.png Figure 3: Illustration of the proof of Lemma 8. Here, k = 3, ` = 1 and m = 2. The nodes coloured in red (light grey) are the integers in S1, S2, S3. The nodes coloured in blue (dark grey) are the integers in S′2 \ S2, that is, the integers that are mapped under h to integers near h(S2). The assumption that Γ does not have finite-range endomorphisms guarantees that there are arbitrarily long intervals of white nodes in the middle line, both on the left of s2 and the right of t2. https://scispace.com/papers/discrimination-experienced-by-landed-immigrants-in-canada-2sft3t8x8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predictors-of-discrimination-demographic-social-2huest57.png Table 4: Predictors of discrimination – demographic, social, economic, and regional characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-population-15-years-who-experienced-1p5m0vv5.png Table 2: Percentage of population (15+ years) who experienced discrimination in Canada, by basis of discrimination, 2009 (Table shows weighted percentage) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-immigrants-organized-by-region-of-1qlwqw1p.png Table 1: Percentage of immigrants organized by region of birth and period of immigration, Canada, 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-immigrants-and-non-immigrants-who-3jtv3ca7.png Table 3: Percentage of immigrants and non-immigrants who faced discrimination, organized by type of situation in which discrimination was experienced, Canada, 2009. (Table shows weighted percentages) https://scispace.com/papers/discussion-of-design-optimization-of-floating-breakwaters-1ihvv735zv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-for-the-monolithe-cube-measured-amplitude-of-the-sway-2agm93w2.png Fig. 3. For the Monolithe cube measured amplitude of the sway, heave, and roll motions for scenario 1 (incident wave of 1 m height and 3.4 s period). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-scenarios-tested-on-the-monolithe-2xyvrvsp.png Table 1. Description of the scenarios tested on the Monolithe cube model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-the-different-motions-analyzed-and-position-1r8r7f8u.png Fig. 2. Sketch of the different motions analyzed and position of the infrared probes (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-floating-monolithe-cube-on-lake-of-morat-in-27g17lks.png Fig. 1. Floating Monolithe cube on Lake of Morat in Switzerland during the Swiss national exhibition Expo.02 (Photo: Catherine https://scispace.com/papers/discriminative-models-for-speech-recognition-13f3lma959 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hmm-dynamic-bayesian-network-21tukxec.png Fig. 1. HMM Dynamic Bayesian Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-classification-error-on-the-timit-core-test-set-3hwy1soa.png TABLE II CLASSIFICATION ERROR ON THE TIMIT CORE TEST SET https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-memm-dynamic-bayesian-network-31enl1xd.png Fig. 2. MEMM Dynamic Bayesian Network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-feature-dependencies-in-the-hcrf-2mss8zlu.png Fig. 3. Feature Dependencies in the HCRF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-discrete-hmm-topology-and-state-probabilities-1s0qftrn.png Fig. 4. Example discrete HMM topology and state probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-feature-vector-values-for-a-generative-kernel-2vtsftzi.png TABLE I FEATURE VECTOR VALUES FOR A GENERATIVE KERNEL https://scispace.com/papers/discursive-and-non-discursive-design-processes-3mdptfux8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-local-axial-integration-r2-maps-27yp2rwa.png Fig. 30 Local Axial Integration R2 maps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-types-of-spatial-relations-in-a-justified-graph-cited-z9jmgrud.png Fig. 22, Types of spatial relations in a justified graph cited in Hillier (1996, p. 249) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-31-diagram-showing-integration-and-intelligibility-37la43nk.png Fig. 31 Diagram showing integration and intelligibility values for the different proposals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-homogeneity-of-integration-and-intelligibility-z6szdl2f.png Table 4. The homogeneity of integration and intelligibility values within the population. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-percentages-of-genotype-related-functions-2h62jpg7.png Fig. 19, Percentages of genotype-related functions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-total-cognitive-actions-in-the-different-design-tasks-3kpv4ozn.png Fig. 17, Total cognitive actions in the different design tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-percentages-of-phenotype-related-functions-jlpng987.png Fig. 20, Percentages of phenotype-related functions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-quantities-of-genotype-and-phenotype-related-actions-29dxav39.png Fig. 18, Quantities of genotype and phenotype-related actions in the design tasks. https://scispace.com/papers/discussion-on-the-peak-shift-of-a-ti-phase-in-tio2-4qtpn6bvex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-presence-of-the-peaks-in-the-2-theta-range-of-20-w8spamd8.png Fig. 2: The presence of the peaks in the 2-theta range of 20-30 of the samples annealed at 500 C and 600 C, where anatase phase is symbolized as ▲, and rutile phase is symbolized as Δ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-d-spacing-values-of-the-reflections-100-002-101-and-a1u7f8e4.png Table 1: d spacing values of the reflections {100}, {002}, {101} and {102} of α-Ti existing in TiO2/Ti-6A-4V samples annealed at various temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-patterns-of-tio2-ti-6a-4v-samples-annealed-in-the-307j13m1.png Fig. 1: XRD patterns of TiO2/Ti-6A-4V samples annealed in the range of 25 C to 600 C https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-of-the-peaks-at-25-2-and-27-4-of-the-samples-588r4qjc.png Table 2: Data of the peaks at 25.2 and 27.4 of the samples annealed at 500 C and 600 C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-the-samples-annealed-at-600-c-erhggi3h.png Fig. 3: SEM images of the samples annealed at 600 C https://scispace.com/papers/diseases-and-emotions-an-automated-content-analysis-of-2tp1jxt8bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-inquiries-over-time-2flc8w8q.png Figure 1: Number of inquiries over time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-inqueries-by-sex-8g401avs.png Figure 2: Number of inqueries by sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-the-diseases-of-the-online-3dpdlodv.png Table 5: Correlations between the diseases of the online inquiries and the statistical emergence of diseases in Switzerland’s hospitals https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequencies-of-diseases-in-the-inquiries-2j0h175j.png Table 4: Frequencies of diseases in the inquiries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-automated-coding-with-manual-sljmeudp.png Table 1: Comparison of the automated coding with manual coding https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-about-the-inquirers-3ma3k8cb.png Table 2: Information about the inquirers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-age-of-online-inquirers-per-year-3288g9pl.png Table 3: Average age of online inquirers per year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-propotion-of-inqueries-by-age-35erizjz.png Figure 4: Propotion of inqueries by age https://scispace.com/papers/disentangling-moral-hazard-and-adverse-selection-in-private-1feu8yd8e2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-difference-in-expenditure-distribution-plan-b-vs-3oyeo0q4.png Figure 6: Difference in Expenditure Distribution: Plan B vs. Plan C https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-estimators-383kvaxr.png Table 3: Comparison of Estimators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-indifference-curve-and-non-linear-budget-constraint-6z56iw7j.png Figure 1: Indifference Curve and Non-Linear Budget Constraint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-parameterized-difference-in-expenditure-1bznkrsy.png Figure A.2: Parameterized Difference in Expenditure Distribution: Plan C vs. Plan D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-budget-constraints-generated-by-plans-in-data-30190cv1.png Figure 2: Budget Constraints Generated by Plans in Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parameterized-difference-in-expenditure-yt82f1c8.png Figure 5: Parameterized Difference in Expenditure Distribution: Plan B vs. Plan D https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-health-insurance-plans-33xu6rbb.png Table 1: Health Insurance Plans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-adverse-selection-1pgb7umh.png Figure 8: Adverse Selection https://scispace.com/papers/disentangling-the-implementation-of-local-to-global-4bhtsy4hic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-state-of-the-target-ast-right-before-the-1z6n6yml.png Figure 3: The state of the target AST right before the relocation and integration of the nonlocals produced by the inputfield transformation is initiated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-target-ast-obtained-after-transforming-the-1z7sct6c.png Figure 2: The target AST obtained after transforming the sample installation program (figure 1). The prefixes W, P, I, D, K correspond to the wizard, page, inputfield, defvalue and key transformations which produce these nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-source-ast-of-installation-program-written-in-3arm8dis.png Figure 1: The source AST of installation program written in WIZ. The prefixes W, P, I, D, K correspond to the wizard, page, inputfield, defvalue and key transformations that take these nodes as input. https://scispace.com/papers/disentangling-running-coupling-and-conformal-effects-in-qcd-2o8vcbwn4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-effective-chargeb-function-3ap8x4qb.png TABLE I. Comparison of effective chargeb function coefficients in the largeb0 approximation given by the width of 0 , b2,35r 2 (2)2(r 1 (1))2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-effective-chargeb-function-17kc21ok.png TABLE II. Comparison of effective chargeb function coefficients. https://scispace.com/papers/disincentive-effects-of-unemployment-insurance-benefits-2ppkdsyynu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-uib-recipients-in-2007-2tq45cno.png Table 1. Description of UIB recipients in 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimation-results-for-covariates-of-time-intervals-3qd7v7jy.png Figure 4. Estimation results for covariates of time intervals in piecewise-constant proportional hazard models where UIB is modelled as daily rates12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-results-of-piecewise-constant-2fo0qlat.png Table 3. Estimation results of piecewise-constant proportional hazard models where UIB is modelled in daily rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-survival-estimates-non-adjusted-and-185ddgu4.png Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, non-adjusted and adjusted using the end of the benefit period https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-for-benefit-covariates-in-rd9odzsk.png Table 2. Estimation results for benefit covariates in piecewise-constant proportional hazard models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-smoothed-hazard-rates-for-exiting-into-employment-18kixfgx.png Figure 3. Smoothed hazard rates for exiting into employment with 95% confidence intervals, non-adjusted and adjusted using the end of the benefit period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-unemployed-in-estonia-for-2004-2009-2oeg6ov5.png Figure 1. Number of unemployed in Estonia for 2004 – 2009 https://scispace.com/papers/dispatching-fixed-sized-jobs-with-multiple-deadlines-to-1zkx6riskf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-static-policies-in-example-1-3hqw3bcl.png Fig. 4. Static policies in Example #1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dispatching-system-withm-4-parallel-servers-2lxs4iz5.png Fig. 3. Dispatching system withm = 4 parallel servers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-routing-a-job-to-the-high-priority-server-1-with-fpi-2cds7354.png Fig. 8. Routing a job to the ‘‘high-priority’’ Server 1 with FPI based on CIQ and RND. Black dots correspond to Server 1, white dots Server 2, and gray dots mean a tie. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulation-results-with-dynamic-policies-in-scenario-2-9ancb78j.png Fig. 9. Simulation results with dynamic policies in scenario #2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-value-function-w-r-t-deadline-and-n-3-sub-intervals-35c38cp3.png Fig. 1. Value function w.r.t. deadline and n = 3 sub-intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-with-static-policies-q5o444sj.png Fig. 5. Performance with static policies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-job-classes-of-example-2-2058kyl5.png Table 1 Job-classes of Example #2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dynamic-policies-dead-1-and-fpi-when-l-1-and-r-0-8-in-5fw898gq.png Fig. 6. Dynamic policies Dead-1 and FPI when λ = 1 and ρ = 0.8 in the example scenario #1. https://scispace.com/papers/dispersion-estimation-from-linear-array-data-in-the-time-4tyoizjy92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-delay-frequency-representation-18d9mm8r.png Fig. 4. Delay-frequency representation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-spatial-resolution-issues-in-the-f-k-qxvj7fqc.png Fig. 5. Examples of spatial resolution issues in the f–k representation. (a) Profile with 50 traces. (b) j2DFT j of (a). (c) Profile with ten traces. j2DFT j of (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-examples-of-spatial-resolution-issues-in-the-slant-3r47ufvj.png Fig. 6. Examples of spatial resolution issues in the slant-stack representation. (a) Profile with 50 traces. (b) Profile with ten traces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-of-the-frequency-resolution-issue-the-3dhfccc3.png Fig. 7. Example of the frequency resolution issue. The amplitude maxima of the curves are normalized to 1. On the left is the FT modulus of the profile p, on the right is the FT modulus of the wavelet , and in the middle is the FT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-proposed-description-of-the-cgg-data-set-a-magnitude-1aayq99y.png Fig. 19. Proposed description of the CGG data set. (a) Magnitude image I (t; f) (trace 5). (b) Delay image I (t; f) (trace 5). (c) Magnitude image I (t; f) (trace 10). (d) Delay image I (t; f) (trace 10). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-time-frequency-description-of-two-traces-from-the-cgg-1quy6otc.png Fig. 18. Time-frequency description of two traces from the CGG data set. (a) Scalogram of trace 5. (b) Reassigned scalogram of trace 5. (c) Scalogram of trace 10. (d) Reassigned scalogram of trace 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-profile-filtered-by-the-wavelet-a-initial-profile-in-uzqufhtl.png Fig. 8. Profile filtered by the wavelet. (a) Initial profile in time. (b) j2DFT j of (a). (c) Profile filtered by the wavelet. (d) j2DFT j of (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-propagation-compensation-of-the-filtered-profile-p-on-16sffyy9.png Fig. 9. Propagation compensation of the filtered profile p on (a) the first sensor (a) and on (b) the last sensor. https://scispace.com/papers/dispersion-of-relative-importance-values-contributes-to-the-8j55vjjb1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aggregated-values-ai-and-ranking-results-rank-using-2mhlzi0i.png Table 2. Aggregated values (Ai) and ranking results (rank) using five different MCDM methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-sensitivity-analysis-of-how-the-change-of-vnblj62x.png Figure 2. The sensitivity analysis of how the change of criterion weight affects the ranking of alternatives. The dark grey shading indicates the tolerable change of criteria weight, which is shown as folds of difference on the left and right panels. The light grey shading represents the range that contributes to a single change of alternatives. The abbreviations of criteria are shown on the top. The results for the five MSDM methods in each criterion panel are displayed in the following order: WSM (first from the left), WPM, rAHP, TOPSIS and COPRAS (last from the left). The coefficients of variation (dispersion) for each criterion is shown on the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-sensitivity-coefficients-calculated-as-a-1bf6a1eo.png Table 4. Relative sensitivity coefficients calculated as a number of changes in the alternative ranking due to change of criteria weights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tolerable-change-of-criteria-weights-established-1vpppndx.png Table 5. Tolerable change of criteria weights established through the sensitivity analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-correlation-between-the-dispersion-of-relative-2qmmomde.png Figure 5. The correlation between the dispersion of relative importance values of alternatives (CV) and the dissimilarity of ranking (Euclidian distance, ED). Random numbers were used as criterion C11 relative importance values of alternatives. R2 is coefficient of determination of the linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-most-critical-criteria-the-bar-chart-compares-qm9nxbiv.png Figure 1. Most critical criteria. The bar chart compares sensitivity coefficients of the most critical criteria for best (A) and any alternatives (B) established using different MCDM models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-correlation-between-the-dispersion-of-relative-raitgkmp.png Figure 6. The correlation between the dispersion of relative importance values of alternatives (CV) and the dissimilarity of aggregated values (Euclidian distance, ED). Non-random numbers were used as criterion C11 relative importance values of alternatives. The top panel represents the dynamics of models that were used to generate non-random values. RL2, RP2 and RE2 are coefficients of determination for linear, polynomial and exponential regressions, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-correlation-between-the-dispersion-of-relative-3uzqne4l.png Figure 4. The correlation between the dispersion of relative importance values of alternatives (CV) and the dissimilarity of aggregated scores (Euclidian distance, ED). Random numbers were used as criterion C11 relative importance values of alternatives. RL2, RP2 and RE2 are coefficients of determination for linear, polynomial and exponential regressions, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/displacement-and-mixing-ventilation-driven-by-opposing-wind-38g5ak1p6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-displacement-flow-dimensionless-values-of-a-x-h-h-b-7ne09l1g.png Figure 4. Displacement flow: dimensionless values of (a) ξ =h/H , (b) g′/G′H and (c) Q/(B1/3H 5/3) plotted against A∗/H 2, for different values of F . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-displacement-flow-effect-of-source-strength-a-x-h-aa7xdjxi.png Figure 11. Displacement flow – effect of source strength. (a) ξ = ĥ/Ĥ and (b) g′/(∆/ρĤ ) plotted against B/Ĥ (∆/ρ)3/2. In (c) and (d) the same quantities are plotted against F̂ . The quantities used in the experiments shown gave A∗/Ĥ 2 = 1.23× 10−2. Predictions from (2.12) and deduced from (2.13) are shown by the continuous curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-q-qw-plotted-against-f-for-a-h-2-0-05-the-solution-2n1h9ea0.png Figure 2. Q/QW plotted against F for A ∗/H 2 = 0.05. The solution for Q/QW > 0 represents displacement flow. The solution forQ/QW < 0 represents mixing flow – the solid curve indicates the stable branch and the dashed curve shows the unstable branch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-displacement-flow-dimensionless-values-of-a-the-1gm66lva.png Figure 3. Displacement flow: dimensionless values of (a) the interface height ξ =h/H , (b) the upper-layer buoyancy g′/G′H and (c) the flow rate Q/(B 1/3H 5/3) plotted against F , for different values of the dimensionless area A∗/H 2. (G′H is the reduced gravity in the plume at the ceiling a distance H from its source.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-g-plotted-against-f-the-square-located-on-the-3opdrrng.png Figure 7. G′ plotted against F . The square located on the mixing flow branch marks the critical value Fc and the dashed line the unstable mixing branch. The remaining branches are the corresponding displacement flow solutions for A∗/H 2 = 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-mixing-flow-square-symbols-varied-with-all-other-336t1lwa.png Figure 13. Mixing flow. Square symbols: ∆ varied with all other quantities fixed, A∗/H 2 = 2.05× 10−2. Triangular symbols: ∆ varied with all other quantities fixed, A∗/H 2 = 1.23× 10−2. Star symbols: A∗ varied with all other quantities fixed. Circular symbols: B varied with all other quantities fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-between-steady-state-natural-363ftd6e.png Table 1. A comparison between steady-state natural ventilation flows driven by buoyancy forces alone and those opposed by wind. The source strength is 0.5 kW and the pressure coefficients at the windward inlet and leeward outlet are taken to be Cpi =0.7 and Cpo =−0.2, respectively. The physical properties of the ambient air at 15◦C are taken to be β =3.48× 10−3 K−1, CP =1012 Jkg−1 K−1 and ρ=1.225 kgm−3, see Batchelor (1967), p. 594. The number of air changes per hour (ACH) is based on an enclosure of volume V =1000m3. Ta denotes the temperature of the ambient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mixing-flow-the-dependence-of-q-qw-on-f-the-dashed-1fsjtmsa.png Figure 6. Mixing flow: the dependence of Q/QW on F . The dashed line shows the unstable solution. The minimum flow rate for which a mixing flow can be maintained occurs at F =Fc =1.3747 and is |Q/QW |=0.5773. https://scispace.com/papers/dissecting-round-trip-time-on-the-slow-path-with-a-single-35zdlootp8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-the-inaccuracy-of-traditional-approaches-useful-for-16ce7inj.png Fig. 1: On the inaccuracy of traditional approaches useful for RTT dissecting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-isolating-the-rtt-contribution-of-as2907-over-the-path-2wnciedg.png Fig. 6: Isolating the RTT contribution of AS2907 over the path of Fig.1(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-timestamps-collected-with-d-wddw-and-related-rtt-nnq3yxjs.png Fig. 3: Timestamps collected with D ∣ ∣WDDW and related RTT chunks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-baseline-scenario-s-source-w-compliant-node-d-30cq830v.png Fig. 2: Baseline scenario (S: source - W: compliant node - D: destination). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-home-network-rtt-contribution-toward-repubblica-it-2c6bibxx.png Fig. 7: Home network RTT contribution toward repubblica.it monitored through a wireless link and an ADSL connection. https://scispace.com/papers/dissociable-neural-mechanisms-track-evidence-accumulation-yr9kxeszlf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-behavioral-sensitivity-to-attribute-evidence-and-ucugsjh2.png Fig. 2 Behavioral sensitivity to attribute evidence and rewards. During Epochs 2 and 3, responses were highly sensitive to both the amount of evidence and the relative reward for the two attributes. a A psychometric curve shows that participants were much more likely to select a response the more evidence it provided for the high-reward attribute. b Regression coefficients for the influence of high- and low-reward coherence on choice. While high-reward https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dacc-encoding-of-attribute-coherence-varies-along-10lx1wqr.png Fig. 4 dACC encoding of attribute coherence varies along rostrocaudal axis. a A nonparametric whole-brain analysis revealed that more caudal regions of dACC negatively tracked the coherence of the high-reward attribute (red) and more rostral regions positively tracked the coherence of the low-reward attribute (green). Activations reflect t-statistics (t > 3.35, p < 0.001), extent-thresholded to achieve a cluster-corrected family-wise error p < 0.05, and are displayed on the inflated CARET surface. b, c This rostocaudal pattern was confirmed with a set of independent ROIs drawn from an earlier study32 (shown in b), which proposed that these reflect a range of uncertainty/conflict levels, from low-level responses (e.g., motor actions) most caudally to more https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-behavioral-paradigm-a-participants-viewed-random-dot-2nlzgp8f.png Fig. 1 Behavioral paradigm. a Participants viewed random dot motion patterns and could indicate whether the dots were primarily moving up or down and/ or whether they were majority red or blue. They responded with either a left or right button press. Responses were bivalent, denoting both a color and a motion direction, and participants were rewarded for each stimulus attribute they correctly discriminated on a given trial. b The coherence and correct response for motion and color dimensions were varied orthogonally across trials. Four participant-specific coherence levels were used for each attribute. c Participants performed three epochs (192 trials each) that varied in motion/color reward associations, rewarding both either equally (Epoch 1) or https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vmpfc-and-dacc-differentially-encode-the-relative-2y35bpwe.png Fig. 3 vmPFC and dACC differentially encode the relative evidence for the high- and low-reward attributes. a vmPFC (yellow) and dACC (red) ROIs were defined a priori based on the relevant findings from research on integration of information from multi-attribute stimuli displayed on a normalized Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template3,11. b vmPFC positively tracked the evidence each attribute provided for the chosen response (signed coherence), but it did not weigh the evidence for both attributes equally. Rather, responses to the two attributes were weighed in proportion to the reward expected for responding correctly to that attribute. For reference, the inset shows the reward amounts (in dollars) expected for each attribute. c dACC tracked how little evidence was available for these two attributes, weighing the evidence for the two attributes in proportion to the influence that attribute will have on the ultimate choice (inset from Fig. 2b), potentially reflecting the amount of attention placed on that attribute while forming a decision. Regression coefficients are plotted with their corresponding s.e.m https://scispace.com/papers/dissociating-neuromodulatory-effects-of-diazepam-on-episodic-sg39wfya4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-b-dzp-induced-deactivations-during-performance-of-a-2hye8nu9.png Fig. 4 a,b DZP-induced deactivations during performance of a the memory encoding task and b the alphabetical ordering task, both compared to baseline. Areas of significant interaction are identified by the arrow, and are superimposed upon transverse sections of the averaged MRI of all subjects https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-decreases-in-rcbf-following-administration-of-dzp-as-1c837q02.png Fig. 3 Decreases in rCBF following administration of DZP, as compared to placebo, averaged across all task types. Areas of significant change are rendered onto a standard template brain (L=left, R=right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-two-cognitive-factors-of-interest-were-episodic-11uyjgsf.png Fig. 1 a The two cognitive factors of interest were episodic memory encoding (M) and stimulus re-ordering (O). We measured the main effect of each factor and, when necessary, the simple main effect of each active condition compared to baseline. b Schematic representation of the 2×2×2 experimental design. There were three factors, each with two levels: cognitive state [encoding (M) or reordering (O)]; time of scan relative to drug administration (T) (four scans pre-administration, and eight scans post-administration); and drug state (D) (placebo or diazepam). The latter factor was a between-subjects factor, while the other two were withinsubjects factors. In order to test our experimental hypothesis we analysed the interactions M×D×T and O×D×T. There were not enough scans per condition to satisfactorally analyse the four-way interaction M×O×D×T https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-areas-showing-significant-change-in-activity-2k7im5hu.png Table 4 Areas showing significant change in activity following administration of DZP in the three experimental tasks, each compared to baseline. The co-ordinates are equivalent to those in the stereotactic atlas of Talairach and Tournoux (1988). All postulated areas (see Materials and methods) are significant to a value of at least P≤0.001 (uncorrected for multiple comparisons) (L=left, R=right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-example-stimulus-set-showing-the-15-stimuli-used-1tmj0pu5.png Fig. 2 An example stimulus set showing the 15 stimuli used for each of the four conditions. Conditions were presented in randomised order within-subjects. There were three such sets, presented in randomised order between-subjects. The baseline condition required neither episodic memory (M) nor re-ordering (O); the alphabetical ordering condition required O but not M; the memory encoding condition required M but not O; and the anagrams condition required both M and O https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-10-mg-dzp-and-placebo-on-accuracy-of-wxfg7hua.png Table 1 Effects of 10 mg DZP and placebo on accuracy of memory encoding and ordering. Scores shown are mean number correct, out of a possible total of 15 (SEs are shown in parentheses). Preadministration scores reflect a baseline, treatment-free state for both placebo and diazepam groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-areas-of-significant-activation-during-a-episodic-ozxsqqbj.png Table 2 Areas of significant activation during (a) episodic memory encoding and (b) stimulus re-ordering. The co-ordinates are equivalent to those in the stereotactic atlas of Talairach and Tournoux (1988). All postulated areas (see Materials and methods) are significant to a value of at least P≤0.001 (uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Areas indicated by * are significant at P<0.05 (corrected for multiple comparisons) (L=left, R=right) https://scispace.com/papers/dissolution-of-realgar-by-acidithiobacillus-ferrooxidans-in-31nvy6ni9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-atr-ftir-spectra-of-solid-products-of-the-realgar-3r5k4tpn.png Fig. 6 ATR-FTIR spectra of solid products of the realgar dissolution experiments with and without ZVI after stage III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-of-realgar-dissolution-by-a-ferrooxidans-in-phhueku2.png Fig. 8 Schematic of realgar dissolution by A. ferrooxidans in the absence and presence of ZVI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-changes-in-aqueous-as-t-and-fe-t-concentrations-during-2paqqhe1.png Fig. 2 Changes in aqueous As(T) and Fe(T) concentrations during realgar dissolution by A. ferrooxidans with and without ZVI. The experiments were carried out over three stages (hereafter donated as Stage I, II, III, 7 d per stage), with fresh A. ferrooxidans culture refreshment between Stages. Error bars denoted as standard deviations (n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-changes-in-ph-and-eh-during-realgar-dissolution-by-a-cn2hv73c.png Fig. 1 Changes in pH and Eh during realgar dissolution by A. ferrooxidans with and without ZVI. The experiments were carried out over three stages (hereafter denoted as Stage I, II, III, 7 d per stage), with fresh A. ferrooxidans culture refreshment between Stages. Error bars denoted as standard deviations (n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-edx-images-of-incubation-products-in-control-a-b-0-1pvricie.png Fig. 5 SEM-EDX images of incubation products in control (A, B), 0 g (C, D), 0.2 g (E, F) and 2.0 g ZVI (G, H) systems after stage III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-visible-changes-in-color-during-realgar-dissolution-by-3b8enfus.png Fig. 4 Visible changes in color during realgar dissolution by A. ferrooxidans in three ZVI treatments after stage III. (A: control, B: 0 g ZVI, C: 0.2 g ZVI; 2.0 g ZVI). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-xps-spectra-in-as-3d-a-d-fe-2p-b-and-s-2p-c-e-regions-1mf0aymw.png Fig. 7 XPS spectra in As 3d (A, D), Fe 2p (B) and S 2p (C, E) regions of solid products after realgar https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-in-aqueous-as-speciation-during-realgar-23k5xb7w.png Fig. 3 Changes in aqueous As speciation during realgar dissolution by A. ferrooxidans with and without ZVI. The experiments were carried out at 1 d and 7d of each stage (three stages hereafter donated as Stage I, II, III), with https://scispace.com/papers/dissipation-and-adsorption-of-isoproturon-tebuconazole-21hqj44pas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-dissipation-parameters-of-isoproturon-ipu-247no6di.png Table 1 The dissipation parameters of isoproturon (IPU), tebuconazole (TCZ), chlorpyrifos (CHL), and of theirmain transformation products in soil in the laboratory experiment. Dissipation kinetic parameters were calculated with the single first order (SFO) kinetic model or the biphasic First Order Multi-compartment (FOMC) model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-dissipation-kinetics-of-isoproturon-ipu-3cnfvvyg.png Table 2 The dissipation kinetics of isoproturon (IPU), tebuconazole (TCZ), chlorpyrifos (CHL) and of their main transformation products in soil in the field experiment. Dissipation parameterswereobtained byfitting either the singlefirst order (SFO) kineticmodel or the biphasic model Hockey Stick (HS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-field-dissipation-of-a-isoproturon-ipu-b-2x46grxe.png Fig. 3. The field dissipation of (a) isoproturon (IPU), (b) tebuconazole (TCZ) and (c) chlorpyrif compounds. Each value is the mean of three replicates ± the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-formation-and-dissipation-patterns-of-a-mono-24jktjrl.png Fig. 4. The formation and dissipation patterns of (a) mono-desmethyl-isoproturon (MD-IPU), (b) di-desmethyl-isoproturon (DD-IPU) and (c) 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), transformation products of isoproturon (IPU) and chlorpyrifos (CHL), in soil treated with ×1 (○), ×2 (□), and ×5 (Δ) the recommended dose in the field. Each value is the mean of three replicates ± the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-adsorption-isotherms-of-a-isoproturon-ipu-preparedwith-a8zgs2v5.png Fig. 5. Adsorption isotherms of (a) isoproturon (IPU) preparedwith the use of the active substance (♦) or the commercial formulation (◊) (b), tebuconazole (TCZ) preparedwith the use of the active substance (■) or the commercial formulation (□), (c) chlorpyrifos (CHL) prepared with the use of the active substance (●) or the commercial formulation (○) and (d) of their main transformation products in soil mono-desmethyl-isoproturon (MD-IPU) (▲), di-desmethyl-isoproturon (DD-IPU) (Δ), 4 isopropyl-aniline (4-IA) (ᚼ), and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) (X). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-adsorption-coefficients-of-isoproturon-ipu-1fqaiuni.png Table 3 The adsorption coefficients of isoproturon (IPU), tebuconazole (TCZ), chlorpyrifos (CHL) determined either with the use of the active substance or the commercial formulation. The adsorption coefficients of the transformation products of the studied pesticides are also given including mono-desmethyl-isoproturon (MD-IPU), di-desmethyl-isoproturon (DD-IPU), 4 isopropyl-aniline (4-IA), and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-laboratory-dissipation-of-a-isoproturon-ipu-b-4cbokaon.png Fig. 1. The laboratory dissipation of (a) isoproturon (IPU), (b) tebuconazole (TCZ) and (c) chlor dose of each of these compounds. Each value is the mean of three replicates ± the standard de https://scispace.com/papers/dissociative-electron-attachment-on-surfaces-and-in-bulk-4jsh3aqv1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-resonance-shift-for-the-cf3cl-molecule-at-the-5d8j299w.png FIG. 8. Resonance shift for the CF3Cl molecule at the equilibrium internuclear separation. The curve notation is the same as in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-resonance-width-for-the-cf3cl-molecule-at-the-1hvv3sop.png FIG. 7. Resonance width for the CF3Cl molecule at the equilibrium internuclear separation. Solid line, gas-phase width; dashed line, molecules at the surface of the Kr film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-resonance-width-for-the-ch3cl-molecule-at-the-3r6xwsfx.png FIG. 4. Resonance width for the CH3Cl molecule at the equilibrium internuclear separation: solid line, gas-phase width; dashed line, molecules at the surface of the Kr film; dotted line, molecules buried under the surface at the distance 50 a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-resonance-shift-for-the-ch3cl-molecule-at-the-3fzyw83h.png FIG. 5. Resonance shift for the CH3Cl molecule at the equilibrium internuclear separation. The curve notation is the same as in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dea-cross-sections-for-the-ch3cl-molecule-experimental-1cu23h2l.png FIG. 6. DEA cross sections for the CH3Cl molecule. Experimental data: squares, surface; circles, bulk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dea-cross-sections-for-the-cf3cl-molecule-experimental-85ja8hbp.png FIG. 9. DEA cross sections for the CF3Cl molecule. Experimental data: squares, surface; circles, bulk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-near-threshold-behavior-of-the-resonance-width-for-the-o3xkg1u8.png FIG. 3. Near-threshold behavior of the resonance width for the CH3Cl molecule on the Kr-film surface at the equilibrium internuclear separation: + contribution solid line , − contribution dashed line , and the total width dotted line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-real-part-of-the-reflection-coefficient-r-as-a-2cqxh9rw.png FIG. 2. Real part of the reflection coefficient R − as a function of energy for cos k=0.6 solid line and 0.1 dashed line . https://scispace.com/papers/distance-based-and-orientation-based-visual-servoing-from-37axa053ru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-configuration-of-three-points-in-the-3-d-space-a-3qe13h74.png Fig. 4. Configuration of three points in the 3-D space. (a) Equilateral triangle and circumcircle and (b) desired pose of the camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-decoupled-versus-coupled-control-a-camera-cartesian-1smd46b2.png Fig. 5. Decoupled versus coupled control. (a) Camera Cartesian trajectories, (b) and (c) computed camera velocities (in meters per second and radians per second) using spp and ssp , and (d) and (e) errors on spp spp and ssp . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-rotation-and-translation-displacement-a-desired-image-13u2kadn.png Fig. 14. Rotation and translation displacement. (a) Desired image, (b) initial image, (c) Cartesian trajectory, and (d) computed camera velocities (in meters per second and radians per second). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-translation-displacement-a-desired-image-b-initial-u3tvssi2.png Fig. 12. Translation displacement. (a) Desired image, (b) initial image, (c) image trajectories, and (d) computed camera velocities (in meters per second and radians per second). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-45-rotation-around-and-20-cm-translation-along-the-ibhghly9.png Fig. 13. 45◦ rotation around and 20-cm translation along the optical axis. (a) Desired image, (b) initial image, (c) image trajectories, and (d) computed camera velocities (in meters per second and radians per second). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-rotation-and-translation-displacement-a-desired-image-13sfmly4.png Fig. 15. Rotation and translation displacement. (a) Desired image, (b) initial image, (c) errors, and (d) computed camera velocities (in meters per second and radians per second). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spherical-projection-of-two-points-a-distance-between-3j5s3j3c.png Fig. 1. Spherical projection of two points. (a) Distance between the spherical images of the two points and (b) components of the rotation matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-in-the-case-of-a-complex-motion-a-camera-1awpod13.png Fig. 8. Comparison in the case of a complex motion. (a) Camera Cartesian trajectories and (b) and (c) computed camera velocities (in meters per second and radians per second) using spp and ssp . https://scispace.com/papers/distinct-effects-of-human-glioblastoma-immunoregulatory-3rvkiqnv59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-used-in-the-rt-pcr-experiments-opz1qso6.png Table 1: Primers used in the RT-PCR experiments* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ido-protein-expression-on-gbm-cell-lines-2xs37vjh.png Table 2: IDO protein expression on GBM cell lines* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ido-and-pdl-1-protein-expression-on-gbm-specimens-3kcyw3n8.png Table 3: IDO and PDL-1 protein expression on GBM specimens* https://scispace.com/papers/distress-feeding-of-depredatory-birds-in-sunflower-and-5c9ihaw1p7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-efficacy-of-bioacoustics-in-sunflower-and-sorghum-15thj6bk.png Figure 7 Efficacy of bioacoustics in Sunflower and Sorghum, Feb-Mar 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-details-of-experiment-conducted-along-with-damage-3m54chhy.png Table 5 Details of experiment conducted along with damage percentage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distress-feeding-pattern-by-parakeets-and-baya-uqro0ko1.png Figure 4 Distress feeding pattern by Parakeets and Baya Weavers https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-extent-of-cropped-area-and-availability-of-food-to-1wkzsfxz.png Table 6 Extent of cropped area and availability of food to Parakeets, Baswapur, 13 Mar to 28 Mar 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-extent-of-cropped-area-and-availability-of-food-to-2qabzb0b.png Table 7 Extent of cropped area and availability of food to Parakeets, IIMR, 13 Mar to 28 Mar 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-extent-of-cropped-area-and-availability-of-food-to-3hmklna0.png Table 4 Extent of cropped area and availability of food to Parakeets, Dec 2013 to Jan 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-extent-of-cropped-area-and-availability-of-food-to-199334hu.png Table 3 Extent of cropped area and availability of food to Parakeets and Baya Weavers, SepOct 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-location-and-crop-details-of-experiments-conducted-3czrvnz8.png Table 1 Location and crop details of experiments conducted https://scispace.com/papers/distinctive-feature-detection-using-support-vector-machines-55rtbvsbc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-of-linear-and-non-linear-support-vector-152jzc2r.png Figure 4: Performance of linear and non-linear support vector machines against derivative operators and HMMs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-of-linear-support-vector-machines-2p27n8br.png Figure 3: Performance of linear support vector machines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-on-the-training-set-3s75mtv2.png Figure 2: Histogram of on the training set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-portion-of-the-speech-waveform-top-panel-the-3jv2nr08.png Figure 1: Portion of the speech waveform (top panel), the associated three-dimensional feature vector, x (middle panel), and the desired output bottom panel marking the times of the closure-burst transition, x axis is time in msec. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-application-management-using-plush-4oc5n0abfy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eman-application-specification-w49ufndl.png Fig. 4. EMAN application specification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-modelnet-directory-specification-sysnet80-is-the-1jycwe6i.png Fig. 6. ModelNet directory specification. sysnet80 is the FreeBSD core machine. sysnet81 is a Linux edge host that is running 2 virtual hosts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plush-connecting-to-500-clients-on-planetlab-since-it-wzk17hqu.png Fig. 3. Plush connecting to 500 clients on PlanetLab. Since it is often difficult to find 500 usable machines on PlanetLab, in this example we use resources fromtw slices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plush-partial-barrier-api-specification-the-methods-286xugyb.png Fig. 2. Plush partial barrier API specification. The methods shown relax traditional barrier semantics for better performance in volatile, wide-area network conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sword-running-on-100-randomly-chosen-planetlab-hosts-2cty16ve.png Fig. 5.SWORD running on 100 randomly chosen PlanetLab hosts. At t=1250 seconds, we fail 20 hosts. Plush finds new hosts, who connect to the controller, and begin downloading and installing the software. Service is restored at approximately t=2200 seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plush-terminal-commands-2fwxa3tl.png Table 1.Plush terminal commands https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-architecture-of-plush-a-box-shown-above-another-1p27o6sv.png Fig. 1. (a) The architecture of Plush. A box shown above another box indicates that the top box requires the functionality provided by the lower box for successful operation. (b) Example file distribution application comprised of application, component, process, and barrier blocks in Plush. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-architecture-for-teleoperation-over-the-internet-1qo4yvt881 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-software-components-at-the-client-and-server-sides-1t27eajs.png Fig. 5. Software components at the client and server sides https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-client-server-control-loops-12s85a7p.png Fig. 1. Client-server Control Loops https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-user-interface-of-the-remote-client-software-ixe4bd3p.png Fig. 6. User Interface of the remote client software https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-inverted-pendulum-kxixc1p1.png Fig. 2. The inverted pendulum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-swing-up-control-signal-17qes22m.png Fig. 3. Swing-up control signal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-the-transmission-delay-variation-in-3ai6o63q.png Fig. 4. Example of the transmission delay variation in Internet communication https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-approach-to-the-holistic-resource-management-of-2lp3hks8aa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-algorithms-mechanism-agents-actions-and-evaluation-37b4s4y2.png Fig. 2: The algorithm’s mechanism; agents, actions, and evaluation domains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-link-categories-their-capacity-and-costs-ppvrbf1r.png TABLE II: Link categories, their capacity and costs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-dc-categories-their-capacity-and-costs-2njltat9.png TABLE I: DC categories, their capacity and costs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-network-topologies-used-in-experiments-each-with-40-1h391lh8.png Fig. 3: Network topologies used in experiments, each with 40 nodes. DC assignment: Huge, Large, Medium, Small. Link assignment: Large, Medium, Small. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-total-operational-cost-relative-to-the-cost-incurred-1x3p09rc.png Fig. 6: Total operational cost relative to the cost incurred by the optimal approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-standard-deviation-of-the-distribution-of-dc-fd5v3wp7.png Fig. 7: Standard deviation of the distribution of DC allocation levels across the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-overview-with-entities-and-their-properties-v661vrc9.png Fig. 1: Model overview with entities and their properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-application-resource-utilisation-characteristic-2bsq8w69.png TABLE IV: Application resource utilisation characteristic types with utilisation intensities. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-autonomous-morphogenesis-in-a-self-assembling-3fqcofqwy7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conditions-causing-state-transitions-1ue2ne66.png Table 2: Conditions causing state transitions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-robot-finite-state-machine-fsm-for-the-autonomous-1t0irvpr.png Fig. 4: Robot finite state machine (FSM) for the autonomous morphogenesis controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-graphical-representation-of-organism-structures-239sbqg2.png Fig. 6: Graphical representation of organism structures. Although two organisms have very similar 2D planar structures, the orientation difference for robots with ID ‘2’ leads to different 3D motion capability for these two organisms, when those robots bend their hinge joint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-symbol-sequences-of-example-organisms-the-dashed-line-3si6l5jr.png Fig. 8: Symbol sequences of example organisms. The dashed line that connects two symbols indicates a corresponding edge in its tree representation counterpart. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-screenshots-from-simulation-using-multiple-entries-2epl54mp.png Fig. 12: Screenshots from simulation using multiple entries recruitment strategy. The robots marked with dark colour are in state Recruitment. The first robot is attached to the large box at time 10m 30s 100msec. The organism is completed at time 29m 38s 300msec. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-vision-of-the-symbrion-project-two-types-of-robots-362jeumb.png Fig. 1: A vision of the SYMBRION project. Two types of robots, with different motion capability but compatible mechanical docking units, are proposed to be developed in the system. All robots can explore the environment freely using their own sensing and actuators. Different structures can be formed when several robots physically connect to each other, such as a ‘snake’ like shape and a ‘scorpion‘ like shape shown here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-robot-and-its-graphical-node-counterpart-the-hinge-2p2qvx3m.png Fig. 5: A robot and its graphical node counterpart. The hinge joint is on the left-right axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-a-simple-cross-2d-organism-b-its-tree-representation-3b8cd4wt.png Fig. 7: (a) A simple ‘cross’ 2D organism, (b) its tree representation and (c) the symbol sequence notation. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-consensus-based-control-of-multiple-dc-39eb5o1rxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-hil-simulation-case-study-three-interconnected-dc-2rglcxgn.png Fig. 8. HIL simulation case study: Three interconnected DC Microgrids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-implementation-of-dynamic-consensus-protocol-1ykt7ku9.png Fig. 7. Implementation of dynamic consensus protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-electrical-setup-and-control-system-parameters-2qwfw28c.png TABLE I ELECTRICAL SETUP AND CONTROL SYSTEM PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-performance-of-proposed-control-methodology-1j0vp3hd.png Fig. 9. Performance of proposed control methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-primary-control-of-dc-mgs-2k1r15ow.png Fig. 1. Primary control of DC MGs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-performance-of-the-voltage-regulator-in-rejecting-2plrxnzd.png Fig. 10. Performance of the voltage regulator in rejecting load disturbances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-the-proposed-adaptive-droop-control-in-266s88w6.png Fig. 4. Performance of the proposed adaptive droop control in charging mode. (a) SOC1 and SOC2. (b) Input current of batteries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-of-the-proposed-adaptive-droop-control-in-27dprew6.png Fig. 5. Performance of the proposed adaptive droop control in discharging mode. (a) SOC1 and SOC2. (b) Output current of batteries. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-health-monitoring-system-for-reusable-liquid-4whlz0v9rc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-failure-characterization-and-fdi-p-using-the-ongfe-ldasx87q.png Figure 8: Failure Characterization and FDI&P using the ONGFE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pg-algorithm-for-prognostics-optimization-1nx10j64.png Figure 9: PG Algorithm for Prognostics Optimization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-the-aess-48jypqf2.png Figure 1: Block Diagram of the AESS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ongfe-neuro-scst-fgay2yca.png Figure 2: ONGFE Neuro-SCST https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-main-screen-of-mmi-software-28ym3763.png Figure 4: Main Screen of MMI Software https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-optimized-neural-network-fdi-lgeg4r31.png Figure 5: Results of Optimized Neural Network FDI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-inputs-right-validated-outputs-3144rfdz.png Figure 6: Left: Inputs; Right: Validated Outputs https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-event-based-control-strategies-for-3fcaj8jo65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inter-event-times-for-different-n-number-of-agents-3hrsd3qh.png Table 2: Inter-event times for different N Number of agents 10 50 100 150 200 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-based-event-triggered-control-2ty7jekr.png Figure 2: Model-based event-triggered control. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-time-triggered-and-event-triggered-j78pyc9u.png Table 1: Comparison of time-triggered and event-triggered strategies No. updates {τ ik}min (s) {τ ik}max (s) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulation-result-with-trigger-functions-14-c0-0-02-13n4gd21.png Figure 4: Simulation result with trigger functions (14), c0 = 0.02, c1 = 0.5 and α = 0.7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scheme-of-the-network-of-the-inverted-pendulums-3dsk7p1y.png Figure 3: Scheme of the network of the inverted pendulums https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-solution-of-27-1zcd9j2j.png Figure 1: Graphical solution of (27). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-system-response-when-n-200-when-ij-0-4-0-4-2i20fy0v.png Figure 5: System response when N =200 when ∆ij ∈ [−0.4, 0.4] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulation-result-with-trigger-functions-14-for-the-3pfrdx87.png Figure 6: Simulation result with trigger functions (14) for the approaches of the sections 3 and 4 https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-localization-using-noisy-distance-and-angle-tj00baaq8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variable-3ovtu29e.png Figure 8: Variable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-number-of-iterations-vs-number-of-nodes-b-number-37vtho0p.png Figure 13: (a) Number of iterations vs. number of nodes; (b) Number of iterations v.s. average degree of nodes; (c) Number of iterations vs. number of fixed nodes; (d) Area statistics vs. average degree of nodes; (e) Area statistics vs. number of fixed nodes; (f) Area statistics vs. percentage of link failure; (g) Number of iterations vs. percentage of link failure; (h) and (i) Comparison of SDP with our distributed algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-connectivity-graph-with-two-distinct-embeddings-q6gyerg5.png Figure 1: A connectivity graph with two distinct embeddings having the same set of edge lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-region-of-uncertainty-for-node-j-in-the-local-3u6mox0b.png Figure 2: Region of uncertainty for node j in the local coordinate space of node i. The relaxed feasible region is shown shaded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-feasibility-region-hij-for-center-of-sj-with-116kqnqe.png Figure 4: The feasibility region Hij for center of Sj with respect to placement of Si. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-i-chain-ii-corner-iii-and-iv-two-embedding-of-a-1fou2g3m.png Figure 11: (i) Chain; (ii) Corner; (iii) and (iv) Two embedding of a clause gadget. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-summary-of-the-hardness-results-1kd19yq9.png Figure 5: A summary of the hardness results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-graph-gc-of-a-3sat-instance-x1-x2-x3-x2-x3-x1-2q6r10c6.png Figure 6: The graph GC of a 3SAT instance (x1∨x2∨ x3) ∧ (x2 ∨ x3) ∧ (x1 ∨ x2 ∨ x3). https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-mac-protocol-for-cognitive-radio-networks-design-c7tfzn1w9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-network-and-spectrum-sharing-model-that-was-considered-cvyoguwp.png Fig. 1. Network and spectrum sharing model that was considered in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-between-the-normalized-throughputs-of-the-11mwnqpr.png TABLE I COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NORMALIZED THROUGHPUTS OF THE BASIC AND RTS/CTS ACCESS SCHEMES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-normalized-throughput-versus-contention-window-w-for-t-24f6egq0.png Fig. 3. Normalized throughput versus contention window W for τ = 1 ms, m = 3, different N , and the basic access mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-timing-diagram-of-the-proposed-multiple-channel-mac-1ac6lfyv.png Fig. 2. Timing diagram of the proposed multiple-channel MAC protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-throughput-versus-sensing-time-t-for-w-32-m-388gd1hw.png Fig. 4. Normalized throughput versus sensing time τ for W = 32, m = 3, different N , and the basic access mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-throughput-versus-sensing-time-t-and-2f90bxfm.png Fig. 5. Normalized throughput versus sensing time τ and contention window W for N = 15, m = 4, and the basic access mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-throughput-versus-sensing-time-t-and-3t3a79gd.png Fig. 6. Normalized throughput versus sensing time τ and contention window W for N = 10, m = 4, M = 5, and the basic access mechanism. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-memory-allocation-technique-for-synchronous-dgpk0j2w28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-stereo-application-memory-footprints-1g5roxa2.png Fig. 11. Stereo application memory footprints https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-properties-of-the-test-graphs-35igg844.png TABLE I PROPERTIES OF THE TEST GRAPHS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sobel-application-memory-footprints-pwz0nncj.png Fig. 10. Sobel application memory footprints https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-merged-buffers-heterogeneous-scenario-151vtsf7.png Fig. 9. Merged buffers: Heterogeneous scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-application-performance-1lu12ovw.png TABLE II APPLICATION PERFORMANCE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-synchronous-dataflow-sdf-graph-of-the-sobel-2jz1moz9.png Fig. 1. Synchronous Dataflow (SDF) graph of the Sobel application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-meg-derived-from-the-sdf-graph-of-figure-2-1p670fmt.png Fig. 3. MEG derived from the SDF graph of Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-single-rate-sdf-graph-of-the-sobel-application-from-19m72624.png Fig. 2. Single-rate SDF graph of the Sobel application from Figure 1 for a 720p resolution (h = 720, w = 1280, and n = 2). Blue and red arrows depict a schedule of the SDF graph on an architecture with two cores. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-monitoring-and-management-of-exascale-systems-in-5acj7n5mr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-hierarchy-of-4-enclaves-on-the-left-3f9sg5a3.png Figure 1. Example of a hierarchy of 4 enclaves. On the left, the squares represent compute nodes, with the filled ones representing the master and its replica. On the right, the hierarchy of enclaves is represented as a tree. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-splitting-over-features-sparse-bayesian-learning-2domepeem7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-this-figure-shows-the-convergence-of-g-for-the-175sv057.png Fig. 2. (a) This figure shows the convergence of γ. For the distributed case the convergence is the same as for the exact solution. (b) Difference between the exact and approximated objective function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-magnetic-field-of-our-laboratory-used-for-the-livlp2cx.png Fig. 1. (a) The magnetic field of our laboratory used for the simulations in this paper. (b) Difference between exact ẑk and approximated z̃k. (c) NMSE in dependence of SBL iterations. Iteration 0 is the iteration after initialization. https://scispace.com/papers/distributed-mode-scheduling-for-coordinated-power-balancing-1mybtcb8if 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-change-of-the-values-of-the-global-objective-2nrzkv7y.png Fig. 3. The change of the values of the global objective function (scenario 1). In this scenario, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), not shown here, was reduced from 8.0 to 2.9 in 30 iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trellis-diagram-of-mode-transition-timing-the-axis-of-2qfnkv5x.png Fig. 2. Trellis diagram of mode transition timing (the axis of mode itself is omitted). Possible paths to get from A to B are depicted by thick lines. In the dynamic programming, the value of P is calculated from path Q and R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-proposed-framework-iterative-efx5kfop.png Fig. 1. Architecture of the proposed framework. Iterative negotiation is conducted in the box (dashed line) to determine the day-ahead power profiles of the participants. https://scispace.com/papers/distribution-of-orders-in-number-fields-1a2ufalz12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-of-c8-n-2jhakodg.png Table 2 Values of c8(n) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transitive-subgroups-up-to-conjugation-1yofhqis.png Table 1 Transitive subgroups up to conjugation https://scispace.com/papers/distribution-of-multiband-thz-wireless-signals-over-fiber-1022eoqvev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-diagram-for-photonic-multiband-thz-18h9g6dj.png Figure 5. Schematic diagram for photonic multiband THz wireless system for uplink and downlink. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-specific-attenuation-due-to-atmospheric-gases-1qf8gel2.png Figure 1. (a) Specific attenuation due to atmospheric gases based on calculated model ITU-R P676-10 on THz spectrum (0.1- 1 THz), and FSPL at 10 m and 100 m, and (b) future THz wireless applications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-of-photonic-generation-of-thz-wireless-2351fz03.png Figure 2. (a) Schematic of photonic generation of THz wireless based on two free running lasers, (b) power penalty versus THz linewidth-symbol time product using Monte Carlo simulations, and (c) power penalty at a BER level of 10-3 for the simulated ideal system and the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thz-linewidth-requirements-for-a-receiver-penalty-of-czij5s90.png TABLE 1. THz linewidth requirements for a receiver penalty of 2dB @ BER OF 10-3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-photonic-multichannel-wireless-thz-ar8tymg8.png Figure 3. Schematic of photonic multichannel wireless THz distribution. DEMUX and MUX are optical demultiplexer and multiplexer, respectively, DSP is digital signal processing module, and RAU is remote antenna unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-diagram-of-photonic-generation-of-thz-2qluqzxb.png Figure 4. (a) Schematic diagram of photonic generation of THz wireless system using external injected gain-switched comb source, (b) and (c) the spectra for the modulated sub-carriers with 3Sc x QPSK at 8 and 10 Gbaud, and 4 SCs X 12.5 Gbaud. https://scispace.com/papers/distribution-of-the-milliped-genus-narceus-rafinesque-1820-1c9a17treh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-occurrences-of-narceus-and-the-n-americanus-annularis-3dyak7f9.png Fig. 2. Occurrences of Narceus and the “N. americanus/annularis complex” west of the Mississippi River and in southwestern Wisconsin. Some dots represent records from closely proximate localities; the question mark indicates projected occurrence in southeastern Minnesota. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-occurrences-of-narceus-and-the-n-americanus-annularis-1uez9bnv.png Fig. 1. Occurrences of Narceus and the “N. americanus/ annularis complex” in New England. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-projected-overall-distributions-of-narceus-and-the-n-80d2ggyo.png Fig. 3. Projected overall distributions of Narceus and the “N. americanus/annularis complex” showing selected peripheral records. A smooth curve is drawn around range extremes in all directions excepting the Lyon County, Minnesota, record which we treat as representing an allopatric population. The dashed lines across peninsular Florida denote the approximate range of N. gordanus, and the stars show the distribution of N. woodruffi. The question marks indicate projected occurrences in southeastern Minnesota and the Delmarva Peninsula. https://scispace.com/papers/diurnal-and-nocturnal-cloud-segmentation-of-asi-images-using-12ay8t9s4y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-framework-of-the-complete-proposed-automatic-cloud-1wkzwvct.png Figure 5. Framework of the complete proposed automatic cloud segmentation based on EFCN-8s. (a) Original diurnal ASI image from the test set, which is the input test image of the EFCN-8s. (b) Enhanced diurnal ASI image using the histogram equalization, (c) diurnal cloud segmentation result using the trained EFCN-8s, (d) original nocturnal ASI image from the test set, which is the input test image of the EFCN-8s, (e) enhanced nocturnal ASI image using the histogram equalization, and (f) nocturnal cloud segmentation result using the trained EFCN-8s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-parameters-of-the-proposed-efcn-8s-for-3a51p3oz.png Table 1. Detailed parameters of the proposed EFCN-8s for segmenting cloud pixels from ASI images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-different-cloud-segmentation-algorithms-8cqubu2m.png Figure 6. Results of different cloud segmentation algorithms. (a) Original diurnal ASI images, (b) enhanced diurnal ASI images, (c) ground truth of the corresponding ASI images in (a), (d) results of OTSU, (e) results of EFCN-32s, (f) results of EFCN-16s, (g) results of FCN-8s, and (h) results of the proposed EFCN-8s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asi-device-and-asi-image-a-asi-device-including-a-dpt4r006.png Figure 1. ASI device and ASI image. (a) ASI device including a fish-eye lens, an industrial camera, and a clear glass cover. (b) Original RGB color ASI image (2592×1728 pixels) and (c) resized RGB color ASI image of (b) (1408× 1408 pixels). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diurnal-and-nocturnal-original-rgb-color-asi-images-1prulo21.png Figure 2. Diurnal and nocturnal original RGB color ASI images in the data set and the corresponding ground truth of the ASI images. (a) Diurnal original RGB color ASI images in the data set, (b) corresponding ground truth ASI images from (a), (c) nocturnal original RGB color ASI images in the data set, and (d) corresponding ground truth of ASI images from (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-cloud-segmentation-results-of-aji8y3id.png Table 2. Comparison of cloud segmentation results of different algorithms on diurnal ASI images. The enhanced performance values are highlighted in bold font. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-of-different-cloud-segmentation-algorithms-hfltc979.png Figure 7. Results of different cloud segmentation algorithms. (a) Original nocturnal ASI images, (b) enhanced nocturnal ASI images, (c) ground truth of the corresponding ASI images in (a), (d) results of OTSU, (e) results of EFCN-32s, (f) results of EFCN16s, (g) results of FCN-8s, and (h) results of the proposed EFCN-8s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-basic-components-of-fcn-model-including-3vsw3meo.png Figure 3. Basic components of FCN model including convolutional layers, pooling layers, activation functions, and deconvolutional layers. https://scispace.com/papers/divalent-and-multivalent-activation-in-phosphate-triesters-a-2f6x0fn9tz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-seminal-report-of-cuprate-addition-to-allylic-2wa946p4.png Figure 3. Seminal report of cuprate addition to allylic phosphates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hydrolysis-half-life-of-trimethyl-and-the0cv1p.png Figure 1. Hydrolysis half-life of trimethyl- and dimethylsodium phosphate. https://scispace.com/papers/diversity-evolution-and-therapeutic-applications-of-small-4jl0e93rfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-formation-of-sirna-associated-risc-from-dsrna-2cc2rjj9.png Fig. 3. The formation of siRNA-associated RISC from dsRNA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-adaption-protospacer-integration-into-the-20kx2sff.png Fig. 1. Overview of Adaption – protospacer integration into the CRISPR locus. The CRISPR locus, composed of repeat sequences (orange) which are intermingled with spacers, integrates a new spacer from a foreign protospacer next to a PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) upstream (in type I and III systems) in the locus next to the leader sequence. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-cas-core-protein-qualities-yc5kr181.png Table 1 Summary of Cas core protein qualities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-progression-of-crrna-biogenesis-which-includes-the-w9rgcqo3.png Fig. 2. The progression of crRNA biogenesis, which includes the initial transcription of the CRISPR locus and processing of crRNA precursors. https://scispace.com/papers/diversifying-the-technological-strategies-for-recovering-xtc6hj9sl1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electric-energy-generation-from-biogas-in-the-a-c8gj8al4.png Fig. 2. Electric energy generation from biogas in the (a) harvesting and (b) inter-harvesting periods and (c) electric and total (electric þ thermal) energy conversion for different prime movers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparative-environmental-scores-for-ethanol-according-3aug5rsk.png Fig. 6. Comparative environmental scores for ethanol according to the different impact ca terrestrial acidification potential (TAP), (d) freshwater eutrophication (FWE), (e) agricultura https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-net-present-value-npv-total-investment-and-internal-3jkucqmf.png Fig. 5. Net present value (NPV), total investment and internal rate of return (IRR) for the sc (GTB), and (e) and (f) a combined cycle (CC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-input-data-for-the-sugarcane-biorefinery-sugar-and-1razbhsi.png Table 1 Input data for the sugarcane biorefinery (sugar and ethanol production) and biodigestion plants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-assessed-scenarios-considering-the-2f3ghv7v.png Table 2 Overview of the assessed scenarios considering the implementation of biodigestion plan https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-scenarios-assessed-for-bioenergy-recovery-from-2p2deb4y.png Fig. 1. Energy scenarios assessed for bioenergy recovery from sugarcane vinasse: CE-1 e two-phase AD without biogas-H2 recovery; CE-2 e two-phase AD with biogas-H2 purification for sale; CE-3 e two-phase AD with biohythane production from biogas-H2 and biogas-CH4 blending; CE-4 e two-phase AD with biogas-CH4 upgrading by injecting purified biogas-H2 into the methanogenic phase; and, CE-5 single-phase AD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-breakdown-of-the-environmental-impact-on-selected-j53u8s8c.png Fig. 7. Breakdown of the environmental impact on selected categories for ethanol produ potential (HTP), (c) freshwater eutrophication (FWE), and (d) fossil depletion potential (FD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-total-investment-costs-with-ad-power-plants-and-b-zej068bn.png Fig. 4. (a) Total investment costs with AD-power plants and (b) the relativ https://scispace.com/papers/diversity-external-morphology-and-reverse-taxonomy-in-the-3wj9nwc0lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-drawings-of-the-preserved-dna-voucher-tadpole-of-wmor9k1u.png Fig. 14. Drawings of the preserved DNA voucher tadpole of Mantidactylus sp. 42 (FG/MV 2002.1957-ZSM 774/2004): (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view, (c) oral disk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-morphometric-measurements-all-in-mm-of-all-the-dna-seqpb2qd.png Table 3. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of all the DNA voucher specimens of tadpoles of Mantidactylus species in the subgenera Ochthomantis and Maitsomantis described in this paper. For abbreviations, see Material and methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-the-oral-disk-characteristics-of-the-4jlpg0l6.png Table 5. Comparison of the oral disk characteristics of the voucher specimens of tadpoles of Mantidactylus species in the subgenera Ochthomantis and Maitsomantis described in this paper. JW, Thorn-pap, MCL, DG, A1-2 len, P1-3 len, A2 gap, A2 row+gap, Kerat len, MP len and SMP len are in mm. ODW/BW, DG/ODW, JW/ODW, MCL/JW, A1/ODW and A2Gap/A2 are in %. A1-2 den, P1-3 den, is density (number/mm). UR, LR, A1 num, MP, SMP and Tot pap are total numbers. A: ventrally; B: anteroventrally; C: soft partially keratinised with smooth surface; D: thorn-shaped papillae, not keratinized; E: lower sheath totally hidden; F: short widely pointed; G: short https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-drawings-of-the-preserved-dna-voucher-tadpole-of-19yrnebc.png Fig. 11. Drawings of the preserved DNA voucher tadpole of Mantidactylus ambreensis (FG/MV 2002.1950-ZSM 762/2004): (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view, (c) oral disk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diversity-of-adults-in-the-mantidactylus-subgenera-1y40e9f1.png Fig. 2. Diversity of adults in the Mantidactylus subgenera Maitsomantis (M. argenteus) and Ochthomantis. Morphological identification of several species is unambiguous: Mantidactylus argenteus (FG/MV 2002.537 from Ranomafana), M. majori (specimen from Ranomafana, not collected), M. ambreensis (specimen from Montagne d’Ambre), M. zolitschka (paratype ZFMK 60116 from An’Ala). Others were identified by DNA barcoding, i.e., on the basis of the molecular tree in Fig. 1: M. femoralis (FG/MV 2002.56 from Antoetra); M. mocquardi (ZCMV 5865 from Ambohitsara), M. sp. 63 (specimen from Tsaratanana), M. sp. 62 (ZSM 309/2005-FGZC 2885 from Marojejy, Camp Simpona), M. sp. 61 (ZSM 221/2005-FGZC 2719 from Andapa), M. sp. 42 (specimen from Montagne d’Ambre, assignment to this confirmed candidate species is tentative and not based on molecular data), M. sp. 43 (ZSM 253/2005-FGZC 2797 from Marojejy Camp Mantella), M. sp. 47 (specimen from Ambatolahy). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-drawings-of-the-preserved-dna-voucher-tadpole-of-20xjth0y.png Fig. 16. Drawings of the preserved DNA voucher tadpole of Mantidactylus sp. 47 (ZCMV 2699-ZSM 456/2008): (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view, (c) oral disk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-drawings-of-the-preserved-dna-voucher-tadpole-of-29kuwnwi.png Fig. 17. Drawings of the preserved DNA voucher tadpole of Mantidactylus mocquardi (ZCMV 3511-ZSM 1540/2007): (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view, (c) oral disk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-drawings-of-the-preserved-dna-voucher-tadpole-of-9s57sehi.png Fig. 10. Drawings of the preserved DNA voucher tadpole of Mantidactylus femoralis (ZCMV 3431-ZSM 1736/2007): (a) dorsal view, (b) lateral view, (c) oral disk. https://scispace.com/papers/diversity-in-obsidian-use-in-the-prehistoric-and-early-2rl09h3gto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-obsidian-use-at-kenan-tepe-in-the-four-ubaid-phases-90v5rmuy.png Fig. 5: Obsidian use at Kenan Tepe in the four Ubaid phases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graph-showing-the-proportions-of-obsidian-sources-that-1brrl0xx.png Fig. 4: Graph showing the proportions of obsidian sources that supply at least 10% of the obsidian assemblage. Selected sites, where 20-30 obsidian samples have been https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graphs-showing-diversity-indexes-for-selected-sites-1luxvbbq.png Fig. 3: Graphs showing diversity indexes for selected sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-diversity-indexes-3rk722mx.png Table 1: Table of diversity indexes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-map-with-archaeological-sites-mentioned-in-the-text-1f2z5zu4.png Fig. 2: Map with archaeological sites mentioned in the text (Triangles: Levantine sites with diversity indexes in Table 1; Circles: Mesopotamia sites with diversity indexes in Table 1; Squares: other sites mentioned in the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-with-the-major-obsidian-sources-for-the-middle-3k6wi638.png Figure 1: Map with the major obsidian sources for the Middle East. Key sources labelled. https://scispace.com/papers/dna-repair-deficiency-associated-with-hematological-2yy1qtzcuh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-defects-of-dna-repair-mechanisms-in-hematological-1ee7o3mm.png Table 1. Defects of DNA repair mechanisms in hematological malignancies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-for-dsb-initial-response-and-repair-initial-3b7pnnab.png Fig. 1. Model for DSB initial response and repair. Initial recognition of DSB is performed by various sensor proteins (ATM, MRN complex, BRCA1, RAD51, DNA-PKcs). A DSB is repaired either by NHEJ or HR. In NHEJ, the heterodimer Ku70/80 binds to DSB and recruits DNA-PKcs, which promotes ends juxtaposition. Gaps are filled by polymerases ┤ or ┣ and nicks are sealed by ligase complex (Ligase IV, XRCC4). In HR, after resection of DSB, Rad51 forms a nucleoprotein filament. Then, a strand-exchange reaction generates a joint molecule between the damaged and the undamaged DNA. Then, repair synthesis is performed by DNA polymerases ├/┝. https://scispace.com/papers/do-bubbles-spill-over-estimating-financial-bubbles-in-3uwdiqxo44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-prices-and-bubble-percentages-world-3prqpqnc.png Figure 3: Prices and bubble percentages: World. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prices-and-bubble-percentages-turkey-3k4na6l8.png Figure 2: Prices and bubble percentages: Turkey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prices-and-bubble-percentages-usa-3ag5uqwi.png Figure 1: Prices and bubble percentages: USA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-co-movement-of-stock-indices-ise100-and-sp500-3qgnpp0r.png Figure 6: Co-movement of Stock Indices: ISE100 and SP500. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-values-for-dividend-process-parameters-24wpbdwu.png Table 1: Initial values for dividend process parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-crises-in-us-ygbs8nfe.png Figure 4: Crises in US. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-crises-in-turkey-wx5duwms.png Figure 5: Crises in Turkey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-root-mean-square-error-comparison-with-alternative-5du7nudj.png Table 2: Root mean square error: Comparison with alternative models. https://scispace.com/papers/do-demand-characteristics-contribute-to-minimal-ingroup-2uga64367f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-children-results-of-preregistered-analyses-v75rgvfy.png Table 1 Children: Results of Preregistered Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-individual-adult-bias-scores-by-condition-in-the-odkpbzgw.png Figure 2. Individual adult bias scores by condition in the Explicit Attitude (A), Behavioral Attribution (B), and Expectations of Reciprocity (C) measures. In each plot, the dashed horizontal line indicates chance. Scores above chance suggest a greater preference for match children, and scores below chance suggest a greater preference for nonmatch children. For each condition, mean bias scores and 95% confidence intervals are shown (see Table C1). The position of points along the horizontal axis (within condition) is arbitrary. In the BA and ER measures, bias scores are integer values; in plots B and C, points are jittered such that these scores generally appear slightly above or below their true values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-individual-child-bias-scores-by-condition-in-the-2co19t17.png Figure 1. Individual child bias scores by condition in the Explicit Attitude (A), Behavioral Attribution (B), and Expectations of Reciprocity (C) measures. In each plot, the dashed horizontal line indicates chance. Scores above chance suggest a greater preference for match children, and scores below chance suggest a greater preference for nonmatch children. For each condition, mean bias scores and 95% confidence intervals are shown (see Table 1). The position of points along the horizontal axis (within condition) is arbitrary. In the BA and ER measures, bias scores are integer values; in plots B and C, points are jittered such that these scores generally appear slightly above or below their true values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adults-results-of-preregistered-analyses-2cbxczzz.png Table 2 Adults: Results of Preregistered Analyses https://scispace.com/papers/do-child-development-accounts-promote-account-holding-saving-6l5kujorx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-and-socioeconomic-characteristics-of-the-gw3tmj9j.png Table 2. Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Sample by Treatment Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-seed-ok-treatment-effects-on-participant-owned-1w2f742g.png Table 5. SEED OK Treatment Effects on Participant-Owned Accounts by Household Income: Regression Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-seed-ok-treatment-effects-based-on-regression-lm4q1cit.png Table 4. SEED OK Treatment Effects Based on Regression Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-seed-ok-529-account-structure-and-incentives-by-1kqw0b9p.png Table 1. SEED OK 529 Account Structure and Incentives by Treatment Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-savings-outcomes-and-impacts-by-treatment-status-n-2qvrf9bo.png Table 3. Savings Outcomes and Impacts by Treatment Status (N=2,670) https://scispace.com/papers/do-exposures-to-sagging-real-estate-subprime-or-conduits-uso6mmrijo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regional-distribution-for-exposures-by-german-banks-1b9jih13.png Table 3 Regional Distribution for Exposures by German Banks in 2007Q2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-explaining-the-change-in-domestic-bank-lending-in-3hu0e02i.png Table 7 Explaining the Change in Domestic Bank Lending in Germany Following Shocks to Exposures in the US https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-the-observations-used-in-23v2dhxm.png Table 2 Descriptive Statistics for the Observations Used in the Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-descriptive-statistics-by-bank-exposures-6q4ypm18.png Table 6 Descriptive Statistics, by Bank Exposures https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-3bysyxth.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-explaining-the-change-in-domestic-bank-lending-in-a0wlrz9e.png Table 10 Explaining the Change in Domestic Bank Lending in Germany Following Shocks to Exposures in the US, for Alternative Shock Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-explaining-the-change-in-domestic-bank-lending-in-3lj0l417.png Table 9 Explaining the Change in Domestic Bank Lending in Germany Following Shocks to Exposures in the US, Controlling for Firm Demand by Employing Only Firms with Multiple Lenders https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-impact-on-firm-borrowing-a5cwbuwe.png Table 11 Impact on Firm Borrowing https://scispace.com/papers/do-leading-indicators-forecast-u-s-recessions-a-nonlinear-re-zbt52jz7n1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-term-spread-is-depicted-with-the-green-3tihzhfo.png Figure 1: The term spread is depicted with the (green) continuous line, the dotted (blue) line with the circle markers depicts the expected short-term interest rate, and the (red) dashed line without markers depicts the term premium. The grey areas denote NBER recessions; colours are only present in the online version of the paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hyperplane-selection-and-support-vectors-the-svs-211e9cd4.png Figure 2: Hyperplane selection and support vectors. The SVs are indicated by the pronounced red circles, the margin lines are represented with the continuous lines, and the hyperplane is represented with the dotted line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-out-of-sample-qps-of-svm-linear-models-220ym44g.png Table 4: Out-of-sample QPS of SVM–linear models https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-in-sample-qps-of-svm-rbf-models-1xcodwvc.png Table 5: In-sample QPS of SVM–RBF models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-out-of-sample-forecasted-probabilities-of-the-ar-3cnjzeg0.png Figure 5: Out-of-sample forecasted probabilities of the AR SVM–RBF models. Grey areas denote NBER recessions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-out-of-sample-qps-of-svm-rbf-models-2ucnmwxj.png Table 6: Out-of-sample QPS of SVM–RBF models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-out-of-sample-forecasted-probabilities-of-the-2dpm73qv.png Figure 4: Out-of-sample forecasted probabilities of the dynamic probit models. Grey areas denote NBER recessions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-out-of-sample-qps-of-probit-models-ij3yjk49.png Table 2: Out-of -sample QPS of probit models https://scispace.com/papers/do-grassland-plant-communities-profit-from-n-partitioning-by-1b7n5s591x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-combinations-of-plant-species-1ozkro0j.png TABLE 1. Experimental design: combinations of plant species composition and 15N treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proportional-similarity-with-regard-to-n-uptake-from-4bn07xs0.png FIG. 1. Proportional similarity with regard to N uptake from shallow and deep soil between pairs of species, at different levels of species richness and at different harvests, as estimated from a mixed-effects model. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals. The model is as shown in Table 3, except for the effect of species pair that was not included here. Note that the ordinate covers the whole potential range of proportional similarity values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-results-for-the-fraction-of-15n-tracer-taken-3dr71mcx.png TABLE 2. ANOVA results for the fraction of 15N tracer taken up from deep soil (deep fraction, DF) by populations of individual species grown in mixture (n ¼ 240). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anova-results-for-proportional-similarity-with-1ia320fg.png TABLE 3. ANOVA results for proportional similarity with regard to N uptake from shallow and deep soil between pairs of species (n ¼ 288). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plant-community-n-content-in-above-and-belowground-oi8hnvuk.png FIG. 2. Plant community N content (in above- and belowground biomass) as a function of the calculated community niche for each harvest. The positive relationship is indicated by regression lines, including a 95% confidence interval (gray area). Note that the community niche for the mixtures was determined a priori from 15N uptake by individual plant species from deep and shallow soil (Eq. 6), whereas for the monocultures, it equals 15N uptake from deep and shallow soil by one species only. https://scispace.com/papers/do-lgbt-workplace-diversity-policies-create-value-for-firms-2rh08shbo3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-1sqkah7x.png Table 3. Correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-n4fe1b4q.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-propensity-score-matching-1ue51z5i.png Table 6. Propensity score matching https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robustness-analysis-2r4xb4c0.png Table 5. Robustness analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-workplace-diversity-policies-innovation-and-firm-2jyrwf08.png Table 8. Workplace diversity policies, innovation, and firm performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-workplace-diversity-policies-and-innovation-2gwjhdol.png Table 4 Workplace diversity policies and innovation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-definitions-2xnzrbkn.png Table 1. Variables definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-generalized-method-of-moments-1hs1tqmp.png Table 7. Generalized Method of Moments https://scispace.com/papers/do-organizational-forms-matter-an-econometric-analysis-of-p9p6rjl9bq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1nkt8h5f.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-33dclng6.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1uykfzia.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2hmjyayx.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/papers/do-physicians-financial-incentives-affect-medical-treatment-43gcngoqa2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comes-from-a-calibration-of-this-model-under-the-3d4c8cfa.png Figure 4 comes from a calibration of this model under the following assumptions: https://scispace.com/papers/do-publicly-backed-venture-capital-investments-promote-4b3hn5m9l2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-361qhxxb.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vc-investment-made-to-companies-2hw5dg7q.png Table 3: VC investment made to companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-deal-characteristics-and-1db62why.png Table 2: Correlations between deal characteristics and industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-modelling-the-number-of-patents-creation-using-a-24ioah5j.png Table 4: Modelling the number of patents creation using a negative binomial model 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pre-funding-and-post-funding-innovation-capabilities-32zysz5d.png Table 5: Pre-funding and post-funding innovation capabilities for new ventures https://scispace.com/papers/do-public-health-interventions-crowd-out-private-health-he2znzg1yb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-randomization-checks-individual-variables-219y6zx0.png Table 1: Randomization checks – Individual Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-theoretical-predictions-36ks72b4.png Table 4: Summary of the theoretical predictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-compliance-with-treatment-allocation-1n95ox7j.png Table 3: Compliance with treatment allocation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-randomization-checks-household-variables-26ixe37k.png Table 2: Randomization checks – Household Variables https://scispace.com/papers/do-risk-assessment-tools-help-manage-and-reduce-risk-of-2kp87fmh6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-does-the-use-of-risk-assessment-tools-facilitate-1k8wiz2a.png Table 3 Does the Use of Risk Assessment Tools Facilitate Match to the Risk Principle? https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-overall-summary-of-findings-n1um9gxt.png Table 7 Overall Summary of Findings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-does-the-use-of-risk-assessment-tools-facilitate-3c7awo08.png Table 4 Does the Use of Risk Assessment Tools Facilitate Match to the Need Principle? https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-do-professionals-perceive-risk-assessment-tools-to-1fumv3ds.png Table 1 Do Professionals Perceive Risk Assessment Tools to be Useful for Risk Management? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-search-strategy-and-phases-of-review-16mpgij2.png Figure 1. Search strategy and phases of review. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-what-strategies-help-to-improve-the-utility-of-risk-1v36hoyw.png Table 6 What Strategies Help to Improve the Utility of Risk Assessment Tools for Risk Management? https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-when-professionals-conduct-risk-assessments-with-1vdoa2m4.png Table 2 When Professionals Conduct Risk Assessments with Tools, Do These Assessments Guide Risk Management Efforts? https://scispace.com/papers/do-stereotypes-about-older-workers-change-evidence-from-a-1q7sp9qy49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-the-assessment-of-individual-skills-13y55zoh.png Table 2: Changes in the assessment of individual skills between 2010 and 2013 by managers (30-65 years) of workers of 50 years and older https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-assessment-of-skills-of-older-workers-very-much-3gxtw937.png Figure 1: Assessment of skills of older workers (% (very much) agrees that presented skills applies to workers of 50 years and older) at two moments in time https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3m021pqv.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impact-of-the-age-of-the-manager-on-changes-in-3axcavdr.png Figure 2: Impact of the age of the manager on changes in assessment of the hard and soft skills of older workers (50+) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-explaining-changes-in-attitudes-of-managers-between-3hwzolmj.png Table 3: Explaining changes in attitudes of managers (between 30-65 years) towards older workers of 50 years and older https://scispace.com/papers/do-social-norms-matter-to-energy-saving-behavior-endogenous-4ibjav2drm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-pptmwos1.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-for-setting-28-celsius-degree-in-356h2mr5.png Table 4. Estimation Results for Setting 28 Celsius Degree in Summer https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-for-setting-20-celsius-degree-in-1xug5lpj.png Table 5. Estimation Results for Setting 20 Celsius Degree in Winter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alternative-restrictions-on-correlation-in-rrjw8opi.png Figure 3. Alternative Restrictions on Correlation in Unobservables, Winter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alternative-restrictions-on-correlation-in-3suzmkr0.png Figure 2. Alternative Restrictions on Correlation in Unobservables, Summer https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-28-degree-setting-in-summer-and-the-number-of-xcapdskf.png Table 2. 28 Degree Setting in Summer and the Number of Friends Doing the Practice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multiple-equilibria-2a4zq9a7.png Figure 1. Multiple Equilibria https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-percent-change-in-doing-the-practice-if-friends-come-rt40k3ph.png Table 6. Percent Change in Doing the Practice if Friends Come to be Engaged in the Practice https://scispace.com/papers/do-subjective-memory-complaints-predict-falls-fractures-and-q5vgpif9ed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-baseline-characteristics-of-women-1kx5jb7v.png Table 1: Description of baseline characteristics of women with and without subjective memory complaints (SMC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-participants-with-persistent-smc-lnsykbqq.png Table 2: Characteristics of participants with persistent SMC (pSMC) and intermittent SMC (iSMC) at baseline and follow-up. https://scispace.com/papers/does-apprenticeship-improve-job-opportunities-a-regression-26mmjzv1ev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-of-the-hazard-function-into-a-1raehshu.png Table 4: Estimation results of the hazard function into a permanent job – proportional effect of apprenticeship https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-estimation-results-of-the-baseline-hazard-function-23kcyrwg.png Table 11: Estimation results of the baseline hazard function of the models augmented by firm and job characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-baseline-transition-intensities-to-367vsk0k.png Figure 4: Estimated baseline transition intensities to permanent work https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-covariates-by-contract-type-3huma2hr.png Table 2: Summary statistics of covariates by contract type https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimated-probabilities-of-having-already-found-a-1o3vlcjm.png Table 8: Estimated probabilities of having already found a permanent job within t months for apprentices https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-of-hazard-function-into-permanent-1720m4ue.png Table 5: Estimation results of hazard function into permanent job – non proportional effect of apprenticeship https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-spell-durations-until-a-32he4oyf.png Table 1: Summary statistics of spell durations until a permanent job by contract type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-smoothed-kaplan-meier-permanent-job-hazard-function-xzrlmuhe.png Figure 1: Smoothed Kaplan-Meier permanent job hazard function by contract type https://scispace.com/papers/do-trade-policy-differences-induce-sorting-theory-and-50u1uvffo2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-between-industry-comparison-26oso9ln.png Table 7: Between Industry Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-non-woven-industry-s-cuto-s-1q65y2i1.png Figure 4: Non-Woven Industry s Cuto¤s https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presents-the-sample-means-of-the-key-variables-by-2u5tdc1u.png Table 1 presents the sample means of the key variables by the sub-industries and export destinations (EU vs US). Firm capital stock, Kjt; is constructed by summing real investment, Ijt; over the years using the perpetual inventory method with an annual depreciation rate, ; of 10%: https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-productivity-and-demand-shocks-estimates-2573t1fe.png Table 4: Average productivity and demand shocks estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dependent-variable-log-of-output-31hjrlhz.png Table 3: Dependent variable: Log of output https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-first-order-stochastic-dominance-test-of-2y8bvbrt.png Table 8: First Order Stochastic Dominance Test of Productivity Distribution: AUS rms vs OEU rms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-market-choice-by-firms-with-di-erent-markets-225mmufi.png Figure 1: Market Choice by Firms with Di¤erent Markets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exporting-and-productivity-37hupmjc.png Figure 2: Exporting and Productivity https://scispace.com/papers/does-backing-up-behavior-explain-the-efficacy-performance-37iw1k43d2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hierarchical-mediated-regression-analyses-predicting-1vpch2th.png Table 2. Hierarchical Mediated Regression Analyses: Predicting Team Task Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-zero-order-1yo514qq.png Table 1. Means, Standard Deviations, and Zero-Order Correlations https://scispace.com/papers/does-cmip6-inspire-more-confidence-in-simulating-climate-658lt5la59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-name-modeling-center-and-country-and-1290f5jv.png Table 1. Model name, modeling center and country, and atmospheric resolution of 30 CMIP5 global climate models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-differences-of-meridional-overturning-circulation-f4v6fa1d.png Fig. 9. Differences of meridional overturning circulation (vectors in m s-1) and specific humidity (shading, in g kg-1, increase in blue and decrease in red) zonally averaged within 110°E-120°E for the historical period 1961-2005 in summer (JJA). From left to right are CMIP6-MME minus NCEP, CMIP5-MME minus NCEP and CMIP6-MME minus CMIP5-MME. The abscissa is the latitude and the ordinate is the pressure level ( hPa).(specific humidity has less levels(only to 300mb) from NCEP) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-box-and-whisker-plots-left-column-and-the-spatial-usq3ml3k.png Fig. 1. Box-and-whisker plots (left column) and the spatial pattern of biases (simulation minus observation) in CMIP6-MME (middle column, red) and CMIP5-MME (right column, blue) of temperature indices for the historical period https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-same-as-fig-1-but-for-a-c-prcptot-d-f-r95p-g-i-sdii-j-2olh1r9y.png Fig. 5. Same as Fig. 1., but for (a-c) Prcptot, (d-f) R95p, (g-i) Sdii, (j-l) CDD and (m-o) R20mm (Units: mm, mm, mm/day, days, days). The areal-mean percentage bias (Bias) over China and the inter-model standard deviation (SD) of the difference in percentage averaged over the country (middle and right column) are given on the top of each panel (but with bias and inter-model standard deviation of the difference for R20mm, Unit: days). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-skill-scores-in-terms-of-ivs-for-the-five-temperature-1fxaxwp9.png Fig. 4. Skill scores in terms of IVS for the five temperature indices in CMIP6 (red) and CMIP5 (blue) models over China. The filled bars show the ensemble mean, and the error bars represent ranges of one standard deviation (1σ) among models. Asterisks (**) indicates that the differences between CMIP6 and CMIP5 models are significant at the 95% confidence level based on the t-test, with an asterisk (*) for 90%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-as-fig-2-but-for-five-precipitation-indices-3ku84zv4.png Fig. 6. Same as Fig. 2., but for five precipitation indices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-name-acronym-definition-and-unit-of-climate-indices-1buto8h2.png Table 3. Name, acronym, definition and unit of climate indices used in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-same-as-fig-3-but-for-five-precipitation-indices-1ualt7lb.png Fig. 7. Same as Fig. 3., but for five precipitation indices. https://scispace.com/papers/does-democracy-matter-regime-type-and-suicide-terrorism-26isrq75j8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-suicide-terrorist-incidents-by-regime-type-1980-2003-31zjmfo7.png Table 1 Suicide Terrorist Incidents by Regime Type, 1980-2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-causes-of-suicide-terrorism-1980-2003-39ax9vho.png Table 2 Causes of Suicide Terrorism, 1980-2003 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-regime-type-and-minorities-on-being-3dmc8au3.png Figure 1 Effects of Regime Type and Minorities on Being Targeted by Suicide Terrorists, 1980-2003, Freedom House Data, Using Model 1 of Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/does-diversity-of-bank-board-members-affect-performance-and-1utd4qwoqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-impact-of-board-diversity-on-bank-risk-iv-2sls-3kewg080.png Table 5 The impact of board diversity on bank risk: IV/2SLS models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-performance-risk-and-1a8i4qjq.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of performance, risk and diversity measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-board-diversity-from-2001-to-2011-3lvsstee.png Table 2 Board Diversity from 2001 to 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-impact-of-board-diversity-on-bank-risk-iv-2sls-gx8hl0p9.png Table 7 The impact of board diversity on bank risk: IV/2SLS models on individual diversity dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-17g5jj63.png Table 3 Correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-impact-of-board-diversity-on-bank-performance-1y2vd0zg.png Table 8 The impact of board diversity on bank performance: Alternative performance measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-impact-of-board-diversity-on-bank-performance-iv-s57c840c.png Table 4 The impact of board diversity on bank performance: IV/2SLS models https://scispace.com/papers/does-external-funding-push-doctoral-supervisors-to-be-more-2p9wq1ytgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-mean-standard-deviation-1i1ymy95.png Table 2 Descriptive Statistics (Mean, Standard Deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis) for 20 Items describing Doctoral Students’ Experience with the Supervisor/Doctoral Student Relationship https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-context-specific-mean-scores-for-the-directive-3q88juiv.png Table 6 Context Specific Mean Scores for the Directive Supervision Scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pattern-matrix-of-the-loadings-for-14-items-1cs4s4b6.png Table 3 Pattern Matrix of the Loadings for 14 Items describing Doctoral Students’ Experience with their Doctoral Supervision (Principal Component Analysis, Promax Rotation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-scales-163szn4x.png Table 4 Descriptive Statistics for Scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pool-of-items-used-to-assess-the-supervisor-student-kdldjaxa.png Table 1 Pool of Items used to Assess the Supervisor/Student Relationship, Including Directive Supervision Practice https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pearson-product-moment-correlations-between-scales-32g0lsy6.png Table 5 Pearson Product-Moment Correlations between Scales https://scispace.com/papers/does-financial-development-affect-growth-3onap1kt8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-near-here-1q78kv12.png TABLE 3 NEAR HERE https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-near-here-37jcf3pk.png TABLE 4 NEAR HERE https://scispace.com/papers/does-limited-punishment-limit-the-scope-for-cross-5f30u044ze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-generic-prisoners-dilemma-game-32rqvk8w.png Figure 4: A Generic Prisoners’ Dilemma Game https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-deviation-under-nash-reversion-and-2allizbq.png Figure 1: Structure of Deviation under Nash Reversion and Unlinked-WEC Strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deviation-under-linked-wec-strategy-3txel0p8.png Figure 2: Deviation under Linked-WEC Strategy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interaction-in-two-sectors-3gldpsbd.png Figure 3: Interaction in Two Sectors https://scispace.com/papers/does-mentoring-for-young-women-introduce-a-feminist-approach-57jvog2hag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-reviewed-works-on-mentoring-for-t1i4g40z.png Table 1. Overview of the reviewed works on mentoring for young women https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-study-selection-process-27uqrt61.png Figure 1. Overview of study selection process https://scispace.com/papers/does-shared-decision-making-respect-a-patient-s-relational-5295919ywg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-procedural-and-substantive-approaches-to-relational-1sc417wr.png FIGURE 1 Procedural and substantive approaches to relational autonomy and their relationship to sovereignty https://scispace.com/papers/does-species-diversity-limit-productivity-in-natural-1eg29p1q0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multivariate-statistical-model-used-to-evaluate-13eazdf1.png Figure 1 Multivariate statistical model used to evaluate data from 12 grassland studies. Path 1 represents the effects of abiotic conditions on richness operating independent of those mediated indirectly through biomass production. Path 2 represents the net effect of abiotic conditions on production. Path 3 represents the disturbance history on richness. Path 4 represents the change in production associated with disturbance history. Path 5 represents the combined effects of competitive exclusion, competitive inhibition, and facilitation, while path 6 represents the influences of niche complementarity as well as any other effects of richness on production (e.g. facilitation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bivariate-and-multivariate-relationships-involving-f10u757c.png Figure 2 Bivariate and multivariate relationships involving richness and biomass production. Sites are arranged by maximum production (from lowest to highest). Strength of bivariate relationships are represented by the correlations between biomass production and species richness per plot (r). For multivariate model results (in diagrams to the right of bivariate plots), standardized coefficients are reported. Nonlinear effects are represented by coefficients followed by an asterisk. For the Mississippi prairie, there were no measures of recent disturbances. na, not applicable; ns ¼ non-significant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-results-from-meta-analysis-of-model-paths-2d9em8l5.png Table 2 Summary of results from meta-analysis of model paths, including average effect sizes (detransformed), bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and measures of data heterogeneity (QT) and its significance for the six paths in the statistical multivariate model (Fig. 3) for all sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-summary-of-meta-analysis-results-for-more-detail-106vojm3.png Figure 3 Summary of meta-analysis results (for more detail see Table 2). Shown are average effect sizes as standardized path coefficients. https://scispace.com/papers/does-solar-physics-provide-constraints-to-weakly-interacting-2skd80jmzx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-same-as-in-fig-8-for-mssm-configurations-wh-the-2vnbaymu.png FIG. 9. The same as in Fig. 8, for MSSM configurations wh the total capture rate is dominated by spin-dependent interactio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rescaling-parameterj5min-1-vxh-2-0-05-as-a-function-of-2ysindy1.png FIG. 7. Rescaling parameterj5min(1,Vxh 2/0.05) as a function of the zero-temperature thermally averaged neutralino s annihilation cross section̂sav&0 in the effective minimal supersymmetric standard model~MSSM!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fractional-variations-of-the-central-temperature-1l64hxua.png TABLE II. Fractional variations of the central temperature the SunTc , of the squared isothermal sound speed in the S interior and of the8B neutrino flux, calculated in solar mode where WIMPs are accreted in the Solar core. For each model WIMP-nucleon scalar cross section has been set at the value w maximizes the effect of the presence of WIMPs in the Sun. https://scispace.com/papers/does-the-investment-based-model-explain-the-value-premium-33zzvvnlc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-euler-equation-tests-with-excess-returns-2ki8odjd.png Table 9: Euler Equation Tests with Excess Returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-euler-equation-tests-with-fama-french-discount-1hdabxaw.png Table 10: Euler Equation Tests with Fama-French Discount Factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-model-estimation-with-equity-return-stochastic-d0fy0dlq.png Table 6: Model Estimation with Equity Return Stochastic Discount Factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-imposing-wacc-constraints-equity-return-stochastic-272dkdar.png Table 7: Imposing WACC Constraints: Equity Return Stochastic Discount Factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-imposing-wacc-constraints-164r42ii.png Table 3: Imposing WACC Constraints https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-exact-equity-stochastic-discount-factor-335uf28b.png Table 8: Exact Equity Stochastic Discount Factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-of-euler-equations-for-investment-and-32kfbo6j.png Table 2: Estimation of Euler Equations for Investment and Equity Returns https://scispace.com/papers/does-sustainability-matter-a-qualitative-study-in-tourism-54vui3w9aw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mentioned-words-about-sustainability-7wuhn23z.png Table 3. Mentioned words about sustainability https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sustainability-in-organizations-3b58kzwr.png Table 1. Sustainability in organizations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-meaning-of-sustainability-36sw7keo.png Table 2. Meaning of sustainability https://scispace.com/papers/dogs-as-vectors-of-streptobacillus-moniliformis-infection-1b4c2fwu6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electrophoresis-of-the-amplicons-from-the-18-salivary-2kke12d8.png Fig. 1. Electrophoresis of the amplicons from the 18 salivary samples. M: DNA marker (SmartLadder, Eurogentec); arrow indicates the amplicon position. https://scispace.com/papers/domain-general-and-domain-specific-aspects-of-temporal-2cbysr8ptl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-of-one-participant-on-the-monetary-td-task-1u0oggzt.png Table 2. Data of one participant on the monetary TD task, example of the calculation of subjective values of the delayed rewards https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-auc-and-standard-deviations-for-the-td-tasks-2fym7a1t.png Table 3. Mean AUC and standard deviations for the TD tasks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-the-sample-3nupjc3a.png Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-auc-values-of-the-different-td-tasks-2kl4kwr7.png Fig. 4 AUC values of the different TD tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-td-slopes-of-the-different-td-tasks-19uij535.png Fig. 3 TD slopes of the different TD tasks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-trial-in-the-first-task-233qux2v.png Fig. 1 Example of a trial in the first task https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-trial-for-the-material-rewards-and-20zqfxhc.png Fig. 2 Example of a trial for the material rewards and monetary TD tasks. Instruction: Which reward do you prefer, taking the delay into account? https://scispace.com/papers/domain-objects-for-dynamic-and-incremental-service-1xlvbxicy0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-trainbooking-and-onlinepayment-fragments-3ld36thm.png Fig. 5: trainBooking and onLinePayment Fragments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-incremental-service-composition-dvwzotzr.png Fig. 4: Incremental Service Composition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-core-layer-implementation-7631ymta.png Fig. 6: Core Layer implementation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fragment-implementation-3kswymi4.png Fig. 7: Fragment implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-urban-mobility-application-scenario-wc2jmfob.png Fig. 2: Urban Mobility Application Scenario. https://scispace.com/papers/domain-reconstruction-and-mutation-approach-to-expand-4rpel3oj26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-d-subset-fbon77ii.png Figure 7 D subset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-functional-requirements-for-a-clamp-and-basic-ti20fx5y.png Figure 4 Functional requirements for a clamp and basic operation actions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mutation-of-basic-operation-actions-2vc1h4vb.png Figure 3 Mutation of basic operation actions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-typical-building-block-a-basic-mechanism-stored-in-1y22cbxx.png Table 2 Typical building block (a basic mechanism) stored in the database (BOA: Basic operation action) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-functional-decomposition-for-a-paper-36ka2lut.png Figure 6 The functional decomposition for a paper positioning device https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-domain-reconstruction-and-mutation-for-clamp-s-3uixtkoe.png Figure 5 Domain reconstruction and mutation for clamp's functional requirements https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-kinematic-behaviors-of-basic-operation-23eugc5m.png Table 1 List of kinematic behaviors of basic operation actions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-combination-of-two-basic-operation-actions-rdu5lo8e.png Figure 2 Combination of two basic operation actions https://scispace.com/papers/domain-specific-and-domain-general-processing-in-left-39f5wxem3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rsa-overview-center-and-right-brain-data-rdm-from-a-13zppdkc.png Figure 4. RSA overview. (Center and right) Brain data RDM from a single searchlight location (in LIFG), expressed as a 6 × 6 symmetrical matrix of correlation distances between condition pairs. (Left) A model RDM coding hypothesized selective sensitivity to phrase structure processing (simple syntax [SS] and complex syntax [CS] are processed similarly); blue represents the predicted presence of a correlation between condition-specific activation patterns; and red, the absence of correlation. Comparison of model RDMs with data RDMs (Spearman correlation) across the brain volume produces a brain-wide map of model fit (see Results, Figure 7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-spectrograms-of-an-example-speech-stimulus-and-2i1ttq3p.png Figure 3. (A) Spectrograms of an example speech stimulus and its corresponding musical rain (MuR) version. Both speech and MuR tokens have similar distributions of acoustic energy over the length of the file, and their sound intensity contours (yellow line) are matched. In the MuR token, however, the formant values (red dots) do not form clear formant tracks, in contrast to the speech token. (B) Visualization of the sparse fMRI sequence. The repetition time (TR) is 3.4 sec, and the acquisition time (TA) is 2 sec, leaving a 1.4-sec silence gap for the auditory stimulus presentation. On the task trials, participants were asked to answer a visually presented yes/no question with a button press. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-result-localizations-for-the-syntax-regression-2wivanqp.png Table 4. Result Localizations for the Syntax Regression Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-univariate-regression-on-syntactic-processing-2wdpu2mo.png Figure 7. Univariate regression on syntactic processing complexity. Highlighted areas show linear BOLD increases with increasing phrase structure complexity. Thresholded at a voxel level of p < .01 and a cluster level of p < .05 (corrected for multiple comparisons). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-significant-overall-activations-after-mur-baseline-20yxbxld.png Figure 5. Significant overall activations (after MuR baseline subtraction) for the six main experimental conditions: complex and simple syntax (A), inflection (B), and derivation (C). Results, plotted by hemisphere, are overlaid on the canonical brain and thresholded at a voxel level of p < .001 and a cluster level of p < .05 (corrected for multiple comparisons). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significant-activations-associated-with-complex-and-36cwkap4.png Table 3. Significant Activations Associated with Complex and Simple Syntax and Inflection Conditions against the Complex and Simple Derivation Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-all-inflection-all-syntax-all-derivation-contrast-258m0u7f.png Figure 6. All inflection + all syntax − all derivation contrast. Significant activations for the subtraction of combined complex and simple derivation from combined complex and simple syntax and inflection conditions. Results overlaid on the canonical brain and thresholded at a voxel level of p < .001 and a cluster level of p < .05 (corrected for multiple comparisons). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phrase-structure-trees-for-a-complex-syntax-and-b-2zviwtkt.png Figure 1. Phrase structure trees for (A) complex syntax and (B) complex inflection. The matrix clause (NP) contains an embedded CP. For complex inflection, the subject (N) and the C are empty. https://scispace.com/papers/domains-and-levels-of-physical-activity-are-linked-to-adult-4qwe3rocne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameter-estimates-and-95-confidence-intervals-from-2djjeroc.png Table 5. Parameter estimates (and 95% confidence intervals) from domain-diversity multilevel multivariate models for the mental wellbeing, mental and physical health and general health measures. For brevity, only PA domain, PA level and LSI main effects and interactions are shown. Significant parameter estimates (p<0.05) are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-percentages-of-people-doing-pa-from-each-domain-by-2vcfmsk8.png Table 2 5 Percentages of people doing PA from each domain, by demographic and personal characteristics 6 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-sample-composition-and-distribution-of-levels-of-2fvaxas4.png Table 1 1 Sample composition, and distribution of levels of PA by demographic and personal characteristics (n=2,654). 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-rank-of-domains-from-which-pa-was-undertaken-2hl7877o.png Figure 1. Mean rank of domains from which PA was undertaken, by level of PA: low, moderate, high. Rank scores are reversed, so higher values 2 indicate doing proportionally more PA of that domain. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-contribution-of-different-types-of-physical-mr9xf6ar.png Table 3 Relative contribution of different types of physical activity, measured by mean reverse ranking of domains of PA in groups of respondents doing different levels of PA https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-and-95-confidence-intervals-from-2wm4mksf.png Table 4 Parameter estimates (and 95% confidence intervals) from all-domain multilevel multivariate models for the mental wellbeing, and mental, physical and general health measures. Significant parameter estimates (p<0.05) are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/door-opening-and-traversal-with-an-industrial-cartesian-426b8rlbcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-components-of-the-kuka-kmr-iiwa-robot-which-was-5extgv88.png Fig. 1: The components of the KUKA KMR iiwa robot, which was used for door opening, and the poses of the corresponding coordinate frames. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-driving-into-a-room-with-a-closed-door-time-vyj1q6gn.png Fig. 11: Driving into a room with a closed door. Time evaluation starts with checking whether the door is closed and ends after the doorway is passed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-approximately-linear-increasing-door-opening-angle-ph-1cw5s16u.png Fig. 10: Approximately linear increasing door opening angle ϕ over time t for door (2) using different velocities żref . Oscillations increase for higher velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-door-opening-angle-ph-over-time-t-for-five-different-1oshy99w.png Fig. 9: Door opening angle ϕ over time t for five different doors with mean opening velocity ¯̇zH. Door (1) is 0.81m wide, opens clockwise (cw), Door (2) is 0.93m wide, opens cw, Door (3) is 0.97m wide, opens cw, Door (4) is 0.93m wide, opens counter clockwise (ccw), Door (5) is 0.98m wide, opens ccw. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-aligning-to-a-closed-door-with-the-determination-of-2w4ygvtc.png Fig. 2: Aligning to a closed door with the determination of the door opening state in (a) and the base positioning procedure in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-grasping-and-turning-the-handle-with-tactile-feedback-6s973prk.png Fig. 4: Grasping and turning the handle with tactile feedback. The blue path in (a) indicates the path of the tool center point, which is given as (CF)E. The white path in (b) indicates the circular path to turn the handle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detected-door-handles-for-different-scenarios-green-1azttjmw.png Fig. 3: Detected door handles for different scenarios. Green boxes indicate the output of the object detection network. Training was based on similar pictures as these examples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-geometric-relation-of-the-door-opening-process-i-ye-is-3yninpz9.png Fig. 5: Geometric relation of the door opening process: |(I)yE| is the distance between the end-effector frame (CF)E and manipulator base frame (CF)I. The door opening angle ϕ is defined as the angle between the y-axis of the base frame (CF)B and x-axis of (CF)H. https://scispace.com/papers/doping-dependent-electronic-structure-of-cuprates-studied-2317el5xxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-extract-of-the-th-39-azimuthal-scan-of-bi2212-od-3geer1pm.png Fig. 5. Extract of the θ = 39◦ azimuthal scan of Bi2212(OD), Bi2212(OPT) and Pr-Bi2212(UD) measured at EF. The vertical lines indicate how ∆ is measured. FS labels the large Fermi surface crossings, SB the shadow bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-fermi-surface-volumes-as-a-function-of-the-hole-29wtjz55.png Fig. 6. (a) Fermi surface volumes as a function of the hole concentration for circular (filled circles) and octagonal (empty triangles) Fermi surface shapes. The straight lines indicate the Fermi surface volume evolution for a Luttinger Fermi surface. (b) Fermi surfaces of Bi2212(OD), Bi2212(OPT) and PrBi2212(UD) in the (π 2 , π 2 ) region assuming a circular Fermi surface shape. The dashed circle segment indicates the Luttinger Fermi surface for a doping level corresponding to the Pr-Bi2212(UD) sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-distribution-curves-for-a-polar-photoelectron-24dc97me.png Fig. 1. Energy distribution curves for a polar photoelectron emission angle of 39◦ off normal along a Fermi surface crossing of optimally doped Bi2212 measured with 21.22 eV photons. The dashed vertical lines indicate the measuring window for a Fermi surface measurement (see text). The inset shows the intensities measured within this measuring window for these spectra. The maximum intensity (spectrum measured at 33◦) within the measuring window occurs near the Fermi level crossing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-suggested-cuprate-bandstructure-at-different-doping-10ilebm8.png Fig. 7. Suggested cuprate bandstructure at different doping levels. The filled areas indicate hole states. (a) Valence band maximum at (π 2 , π 2 ) for the antiferromagnetic insulator. (b) Hole doping shifts the Fermi level into the valence band. (c) Large Fermi surface as observed in highly doped samples. (d) A reduced Brillouin zone transforms a large Fermi surface into hole pockets at (π2 , π 2 ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-he-i-excited-energy-distribution-curves-of-scoc-for-a-3r93231x.png Fig. 12. He I excited energy distribution curves of SCOC for a continuous range of polar angles along the (π, π) − (0, 0) direction. Photoemission intensities are plotted in a linear grey scale. Raw data are shown in a), in b) a quadratic background has been subtracted. The black dots indicate the peak position as determined by a Gaussian fit (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-dispersion-of-the-uppermost-valence-band-of-scoc-p6wpxipw.png Fig. 13. (a) Dispersion of the uppermost valence band of SCOC along the (π, π) − (0, 0) direction for different cleaves. In (b) these scans are normalized to the valence band maximum (VBM). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-sketch-of-the-reciprocal-space-for-bi2212-opt-the-oc5l49bq.png Fig. 8. (a) Sketch of the reciprocal space for Bi2212(OPT). The Fermi surface barrels are drawn as regular octagons. Thick solid lines indicate the large Fermi surface, thick dashed lines the shadow bands and thin dashed lines modulation related replicas. The circle indicates the θ = 39◦ azimuth. The labels A to G are discussed in the text. (b) Azimuthal cut through the Fermi surface of Bi2212(OPT) at θ = 39◦. Intensity variations are discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-intensity-ratio-between-shadow-band-and-large-fermi-alv7d0zk.png Fig. 10. Intensity ratio between shadow band and large Fermi surface peaks calculated from the data shown in Figure 9 (region A) and for the regions E and H. https://scispace.com/papers/doppler-effect-assisted-wireless-communication-for-3qra5gzm6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-main-simulation-block-diagram-3r0o0lpb.png Fig. 5. The main simulation block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustrations-of-magnitude-responses-of-1-rs-f-2-ri-f-2sl0t5fy.png Fig. 4. Illustrations of magnitude responses of (1) RS (f), (2) RI (f), (3) HS (f) and (4) HI (f) which are Fourier transforms of rS (t), rI (t), hS (t) and hI (t) respectively. The magnitude response of LPF at AP is also shown in (5), and fD = vfc C sin θ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-multi-antenna-system-for-single-user-communication-3seg4rux.png Fig. 11. (a) multi-antenna system for single-user communication and (b) multi-antenna system for multi-user configuration, where a setting for two-user system is shown to reduce the clutter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-an-enlarged-multi-antenna-part-canister-system-that-2ujojbyl.png Fig. 12. An enlarged multi-antenna part-canister system that shows the azimuth and elevation of incoming rays. Only a single desired incoming ray, BnC, is shown to reduce the clutter, where BnCZ̄ = φSn and B̄nCY = β S n . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-possible-antenna-implementation-for-doppler-assisted-1oleex8s.png Fig. 1. A possible antenna implementation for Doppler assisted wireless communication (DAWC), where (a) a fixed antenna canister with an opening, where a small portion of the antenna is visible to outside, (b) a rotatable drum antenna, which is located inside the circular canister, (c) a possible implementation to receive two desired signals from two transmitters of azimuthal separation of θ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-for-qpsk-pass-band-simulation-2m9m4ajz.png TABLE II PARAMETERS FOR QPSK PASS-BAND SIMULATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ber-performance-of-daim-where-sir-0-db-k-20-db-n-50-o-3ps9v52j.png Fig. 6. BER performance of DAIM, where SIR = 0 dB, K = 20 dB, N = 50, ω = 20o, and v is set such that in (1), fD = 10.8 KHz and in (2), fD = 12.9 KHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-and-also-in-general-a-rotation-velocity-that-achieves-3ayl1447.png Fig. 6. BER performance of DAIM, where SIR = 0 dB, K = 20 dB, N = 50, ω = 20o, and v is set such that in (1), fD = 10.8 KHz and in (2), fD = 12.9 KHz. https://scispace.com/papers/doppler-free-spectroscopy-of-the-lowest-triplet-states-of-3uo3dshmor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-example-of-double-optical-resonance-scheme-in-4he-208xemv3.png Figure 3: a: Example of double optical resonance scheme in 4He using π-polarised pump and probe tuned to the D0 and D∗ 0 transitions, respectively. b, c: VSOP-controlled velocity distribution profiles in the Y2 and Z9 sublevels addressed by the pump (notations are defined in Table A.4). d: Absorption spectrum for the 706.5 nm probe scanning the D∗ 0 line. The velocity and frequency widths are discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plots-of-processed-data-obtained-from-wavemeter-2gaaf4qf.png Figure 6: Plots of processed data obtained from wavemeter readout values λ vs. the laser frequency control parameters (repeated back and forth scans appear in different colours). a,b: Pump laser at 1083 nm (vs the DL temperature control parameter). Lower traces: examples of deviations of λ from linear fits, with slopes sλ, for the pump laser; Upper traces: derivatives of these deviations scaled to sλ. c,d: Probe laser at 706.5 nm. c: Example of λ variation with the piezo actuator control for the probe laser. d: Corresponding differences to a linear law with the common slopes fit to the second halves of the hysteresis loops in c. The arrows in c and d indicate increasing times. Scale conversions to frequency units are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-displays-probe-absorption-spectra-obtained-in-an-d5pfkq1s.png Figure 7 displays probe absorption spectra obtained in an applied longitudinal field when the 23P0 state of 3He (a) or 4He (b) was pumped. The Zeeman shifts derived in Sect. 2.4 were used to compute the expected line positions represented below the spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-double-optical-resonance-spectra-displaying-15e0svfq.png Figure 7 displays probe absorption spectra obtained in an applied longitudinal field when the 23P0 state of 3He (a) or 4He (b) was pumped. The Zeeman shifts derived in Sect. 2.4 were used to compute the expected line positions represented below the spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-experimental-double-optical-resonance-3laphwo1.png Figure 5: Examples of experimental double optical resonance spectra in low-pressure 4He (a to c), an isotopic mixture (d and e), and high-pressure 3He (f). The gas pressure is indicated in each box. The transmittance data are plotted vs. probe detuning from C∗ 1. The pump frequency was tuned to D0 (a), D1 (b), or D2 (c) for pure 4He; D0 (d) or C8 (e) for the mixture; C3 (f) for pure 3He. The on-axis pump intensity incident on the cell was 55 mW/cm2 (a to c) or 0.1 W/cm2 (d to f). Relevant transition matrix elements of Fig. 2a are displayed below each panel. Note the different transmittance and frequency scales for the top and bottom rows. The displayed frequency ranges add up to 12 GHz (top) and 35 GHz (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-results-of-series-of-repeated-scans-across-the-23p0-3ggk9j2y.png Figure 9: Results of series of repeated scans across the 23P0–3 3S absorption lines in isotopic mixtures with a pumped 23P0 level. a: Typical recording comprising six scans for a C8-tuned pump. b: Fit frequencies of the lines in a set of recordings are plotted vs. the scan number (squares: data from Fig. a; other symbols: three more recordings on the same day; the lines connect values of one recording). c, d, f: The averages (symbols) and standard deviations (error bars) of the six scans were derived for each recording. c and d: C8 pumping, f: D0 pumping. e: Difference of the data in c and d, yielding the hyperfine splitting in the 33S state of 3He. The solid lines are the averages of all data, the dotted lines are the computed values (Table A.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-d-2-left-demodulated-saturated-absorption-signal-from-1p4g8mix.png Figure D.2: Left: Demodulated saturated absorption signal from P1 (see Fig. 4) with a modulated discharge amplitude in Clock (0.27+0.27 mbar mixture). Sums of Gaussian profiles (blue and red dotted lines) were used to model thermal velocity distributions. Right: Expanded difference of the signals and the Gaussian fits for the left half of the spectrum. Three Lorentzian profiles were used to fit the saturated absorption dips. Atomic lines are labelled, X is the crossover resonance of D1 and D2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ground-state-and-lowest-triplet-energy-levels-of-2etdr65i.png Figure 1: Ground-state and lowest triplet energy levels of 3He (left) and 4He (right) in null magnetic field. The energy differences between atomic states and between levels characterised by their electronic (J) or total (F ) angular momentum are not displayed to scale. The Zeeman sublevels with angular momentum projections mJ or mF are represented by bullet symbols. For clarity the sublevel names are indicated for the 3S and 23P0 states only (the full lists for the 23P state are found in Ref.[17]). The pump and probe transitions are sketched between states, but they actually address well-defined sublevels depending on the frequency and polarisation of the corresponding lasers. Metastability-exchange (ME) collisions are displayed for completeness. They play no direct role in the optical transitions but tend to enforce a spin-temperature distribution of the 23S state sublevel populations when 3He is present in the gas. https://scispace.com/papers/doubling-the-ultra-wide-frequency-sweep-of-linearly-chirped-r8u4ynpmog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-experimental-demonstration-of-chirp-doubling-in-a-2j0r9vhp.png Fig. 2. (a) Experimental demonstration of chirp doubling in a four segment QPM HNLF, (b) the spectrogram of photocurrent of the filtered FWM output, and (c) the conversion efficiency spectrum of the 200m QPM HNLF used in the experiments.Pch = 100 mW and PR = 100 mW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-experimental-setup-for-chirp-1x6h7pft.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for chirp bandwidth doubling in QPM NLF. EDFA: Erbium doped fiber amplifier, BPF: Band pass filter, MZI: Mach-Zehnder interferometer, PD: Photodetector https://scispace.com/papers/double-stopband-bilayer-photonic-crystal-based-upconversion-fjj6ok7r7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustration-of-detection-system-a-ucnps-bfwiucsb.png Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of detection system. (a) UCNPs/bilayer OPC hybrid fluorescence film. (b) Fluorescence film modified by poly-dopamine film and capture anti-PSA, excited by https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-d-shows-the-sem-images-and-transmittance-spectra-of-3lo6j2k8.png Fig. 2a-d shows the SEM images and transmittance spectra of 980/545 nm and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-emission-spectra-enhancement-factory-and-schematic-35kj3eki.png Fig. 3 Emission spectra, enhancement factory and schematic diagram of energy transfer progress of four kinds of fluorescence films. (a)UCNPs/980 nm OPC/545 nm OPC (b)UCNPs/545 nm OPC/980 nm OPC (c)UCNPs/808 nm OPC/545 nm OPC (d)UCNPs/545 nm OPC/808 nm OPC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shows-the-detection-result-tested-by-confocal-2oppkdt5.png Fig. 5 shows the detection result tested by confocal microscope with 980 nm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-schematic-diagram-of-detection-process-tested-with-3ednjj0q.png Fig. 5 shows the detection result tested by confocal microscope with 980 nm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-e-upconversion-emission-spectra-of-detection-area-pcks0faw.png Fig. 4 (a-e) upconversion emission spectra of detection area, linear fitting and fluorescence lifetime result under 980 nm and 808 nm excitation in antigen detection. (f) specificity test result https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-d-sem-image-and-transmitted-spectra-of-980-545-nm-xk7yqt90.png Fig. 2a-d shows the SEM images and transmittance spectra of 980/545 nm and https://scispace.com/papers/double-skin-facade-modelling-technique-and-influence-of-2twl0spkxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-solar-radiance-properties-of-materials-used-1ohwdqhg.png Table 4: Solar radiance properties of materials used https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-computational-efforts-for-all-modelling-strategies-3bn8xo2k.png Table 5: Computational efforts for all modelling strategies studied https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-turbulence-intensity-at-mid-height-of-the-indoor-1wxtz2wj.png Figure 14: Turbulence intensity at mid-height of the indoor space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-temperature-profile-at-a-mid-height-of-the-indoor-3sf06mch.png Figure 12: Temperature profile at (a) mid-height of the indoor space (b) near the top wall (0.094 from top wall) of the indoor space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-velocity-profile-near-the-top-wall-of-the-indoor-32cn2uun.png Figure 13: Velocity profile near the top wall of the indoor space https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-average-parameters-evaluated-at-internal-glaze-2-3bhqjtby.png Table 8: Average parameters evaluated at internal glaze–2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-solver-parameters-t7efjprx.png Table 1: Summary of solver parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-indoor-wall-average-surface-heat-flux-as-a-26d3re6d.png Figure 15: indoor wall average surface heat flux as a function of blind angle https://scispace.com/papers/doubly-charged-silicon-vacancy-center-si-n-complexes-and-2amxhaztc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-spin-hamiltonian-parameters-measured-for-sivn0-the-1a2o9d2s.png TABLE III. Spin Hamiltonian parameters measured for SiVN0 . The three principal values (p1–3) and directions are given for each parameter. A positive tilt is given to mean away from [[0 0 1̄]] toward [1 1 0]: no tilt is required for the final principal value of each parameter, retaining the [1 1̄ 0] mirror plane and reflecting the defect’s C1h symmetry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-epr-spectra-of-a-sample-f-15n-doped-and-b-sample-g-14n-2p7xgsil.png FIG. 4. EPR spectra of (a) sample F (15N doped) and (b) sample G (14N doped) with B‖〈1 1 1〉. Experiment in black; simulation in red. Additional resonances in (a) are due to 15N2VH0. Arrows highlight resonances of the three inequivalent orientations of a C1h defect (relative populations 1:1:2), each of which is split by interaction with an I = 1/2 15N nucleus. (c) Angular variation ({1 1 0} plane) of measured EPR transition fields in sample G (circles) overlaid with a spin Hamiltonian simulation (Table III). Transitions of a single SiVN0 orientation are highlighted to demonstrate the effect of the similar magnitude quadrupole and hyperfine interactions ( mS = ±1; mI = ±1 transitions gain appreciable intensity) resulting in six transitions per orientation rather than the expected three. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-epr-spectrum-of-sample-g-with-b-1-1-1-experimental-2r83h6po.png FIG. 5. EPR spectrum of sample G with B‖〈1 1 1〉. Experimental data in black; simulation in red. Additional panels show the 29Si hyperfines on each side of the primary spectrum. As expected, their intensity is 5% of the primary spectrum. Simulation generated by EasySpin [71] using the spin Hamiltonian parameters given in Table III. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-samples-employed-in-this-study-all-4x95mjgf.png TABLE I. Summary of the samples employed in this study. All post-growth anneals were performed under stabilizing pressure and for 1 h, except for sample G which was annealed for 100 h. Dopants without explicit isotopes are natural abundance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-binding-energies-ebind-see-sec-iii-b-for-each-2iui8io6.png TABLE IV. Binding energies (Ebind, see Sec. III B) for each modeled defect through charge-conserving reactions. Displayed errors result from comparing values calculated using LDA and GGA functional. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-schematic-of-the-sivn0-defect-highlighting-the-3efi814c.png FIG. 6. (a) Schematic of the SiVN0/− defect, highlighting the defect’s {1 1 0} mirror plane and the 〈3 1 3〉 direction between the nitrogen and silicon atoms. (b) Defect-free region of the diamond lattice for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-schematic-of-the-sivn0-defect-highlighting-the-2evbrzdz.png FIG. 7. (a) Schematic of the SiVN0/− defect, highlighting the defect’s 〈1 1 0〉 mirror plane. (b) Calculated formation energies at varying chemical potentials μe for SiV and SiVN with reference to the intrinsic diamond valence band maximum. Transition levels include charge density offset and Madelung corrections. The calculated conduction band minimum was at 4.27 eV. (c)–(e) Electron density on band gap states for (c) the donor state in N0s ; (d) the state with an unpaired electron for SiVN 2−; and (e) the same state for SiVN0 . Comparison of (d) and (e) highlights the additional electron in an N-C antibonding orbital in SiVN2− . Isosurfaces depict a surface of constant spin density: a common spin density threshold was chosen for (d) and (e) to allow comparison in the same structure; a higher threshold was chosen for (c) due to the highly localized nature of the N0s donor state. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-details-and-references-for-techniques-and-2yx4djxv.png TABLE II. Details and references for techniques and absorption cross-section coefficients employed in the quantification of defects at each annealing stage. https://scispace.com/papers/dovado-an-open-source-design-space-exploration-framework-3aqheh5gj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solution-trade-off-for-corundum-space-exploration-1vcs3qdk.png Figure 4: Solution trade-off for Corundum Space Exploration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-non-dominated-solutions-for-neorv32-space-1yfe4vvk.png Figure 5: Non-Dominated Solutions for Neorv32 Space Exploration https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-configurations-for-corundum-queue-manager-23y8sl9g.png Table I: Configurations for Corundum Queue Manager https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dovado-framework-block-diagram-with-design-1covtg2i.png Figure 1: Dovado framework block diagram with design automation and design space exploration flows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-configuration-parameters-for-tirex-doieeek4.png Table II: Configuration Parameters for TiReX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-non-dominated-solutions-for-tirex-space-exploration-1dwyt4br.png Figure 6: Non-Dominated Solutions for TiReX Space Exploration on ZU3EG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-non-dominated-solutions-for-tirex-space-exploration-ry4q8l3u.png Figure 7: Non-Dominated Solutions for TiReX Space Exploration on XC7K70T https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dovado-dse-block-diagram-zoom-focused-on-synthesis-2tpmbf0e.png Figure 2: Dovado DSE Block Diagram zoom focused on Synthesis/Implementation Approximation https://scispace.com/papers/doxorubicin-persistently-rewires-cardiac-circadian-3hw49iqq1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dox-effects-on-gene-expression-of-metabolic-and-232f6a6t.png Fig. 7 DOX effects on gene expression of metabolic and mitochondrial proteins in WT MEFs. a–j Circadian-gene expression of metabolic genes over the circadian-time: Nampt (a), Acadl (b), Cpt1α (c), Cpt1β (d), Uqcrq I, Sdha (f), ND2 (g), TFAM (h), Pparα (i), and NRF1 (j). Error bars indicate SEM. *p < 0.05 DOX vs control. n = 5 per group and CT (circadian-time) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bmal1-acetylation-levels-in-hek-293-cells-a-srb-2v9a5zs8.png Fig. 8 BMAL1 acetylation levels in HEK 293 cells. a SRB analysis of HEK 293 cells treated with DOX (0.05, 0.5 and 1 µM) for 20 h. Results express protein content right after the treatment. n = 4 per condition. b HEK 293 were co-transfected with expression vectors (flagSIRT1, myc-BMAL1, mycCLOCK) and treated with DOX (0, 0.05, 0.5, 1 µM). The protein extracts were immunoprecipitated with an anti-myc antibody and the levels of BMAL1 acetylated were assessed. IP immunoprecipitation, IB immunoblotting, IgG immunoglobulin G. Error bars indicate SEM. *p < 0.05 DOX vs control https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gene-expression-profiles-in-saline-and-dox-mouse-heart-vdgc4wah.png Fig. 4 Gene expression-profiles in saline- and DOX mouse-heart. Total- and oscillating (ZT 9 and ZT 21) mRNA levels of Prg4 (a), Pdk4 (b), Cytl1 (c), Cdkn1a (d), and Irf7 (e), determined by qRTPCR. Error bars indicate SEM. **p < 0.01 DOX vs saline. n = 6 per group, n = 3 per group and ZT (zeitgeber time, light–dark cycle) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-western-blotting-analysis-of-sirt1-and-sirt1-1nfbl6q7.png Fig. 5 Western blotting analysis of SIRT1- and SIRT1 deacetylation targets in mouse hearts. a Total protein expression and acetylation levels of H3K9 and BMAL1 at ZT 9 and ZT 21. b– d Oscillatory levels of the ratio acetylated H3K9/total H3K9 (b), total BMAL1 (c), and the ratio acetylated BMAL1/total BMAL1 (d). e Total SIRT1 protein levels. Error bars indicate SEM. *p < 0.05 ZT 21 vs ZT 9; #p < 0.05 DOX vs saline at ZT 21; Φ p < 0.05 DOX ZT 21 vs CTR ZT 9. n = 3 per group and ZT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-dox-treatment-on-the-expression-of-circadian-pf89xu61.png Fig. 2 Impact of DOX treatment on the expression of circadian molecular clock, metabolic- and mitochondrial-related genes in the heart. a–f Circadian expression levels of the core clock-genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per2, Cry1, Rev-erbα, Dbp), g Nampt and h Cpt1α were determined by qRT-PCR. I) Total mRNA levels of important metabolicand mitochondrial genes were assessed by qRT-PCR. Error bars indicate SEM. **p < 0.01 DOX vs saline. n = 20 per group, n = 5 per group and ZT (zeitgeber time, light–dark cycle) https://scispace.com/papers/downdating-high-resolution-population-density-maps-using-2argeb2wj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-land-use-map-of-flanders-and-brussels-in-2013-10-m-2zuc67ql.png Figure 1. Land-use map of Flanders and Brussels in 2013 (10 m resolution map developed by VITO aggregated to a 100 m resolution), with an indication of both regions (thick black lines; Brussels Capital Region (B)), the Flemish provinces (thin black lines) and their capitals (Bruges (Bg), Ghent (G), Antwerp (A), Leuven (L) and Hasselt (H)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-population-density-map-for-2013-inhabitants-per-30-1zr6iu8q.png Figure 2. Population density map for 2013 (inhabitants per 30 m pixel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-avg-densification-index-values-and-standard-1oud1wz2.png Table 4. Average (Avg) densification index values and standard deviations (SD) for different categories of population per 300 m cell in the population density map for 2013. Cells with a population below 10 were excluded as outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-population-of-flanders-and-the-brussels-capital-1g6j6ul3.png Table 3. Population of Flanders and the Brussels Capital Region for 1986, 2001, and 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-standard-deviation-of-sealed-surface-fraction-30-m-3esvlzz1.png Table 5. Standard deviation of sealed surface fraction (30 m cells), population estimate (inhabitants per 300 m cell) and resulting densification index (300 m cells), averaged over all cells, in a Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-population-difference-maps-aggregated-to-a-300-m-1gnsl80p.png Figure 3. Population difference maps (aggregated to a 300 m resolution) for the periods (a) 1986 – 2001, and (b) 2001 – 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-densification-index-maps-300-m-resolution-for-cells-jmqc1b22.png Figure 4. Densification index maps (300 m resolution) for cells with a growing population and a minimum of 10 inhabitants for the periods (a) 1986 – 2001, and (b) 2001 – 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportions-of-land-uses-in-flanders-and-the-s0pmq7kr.png Table 1. Proportions of land uses (%) in Flanders and the Brussels Capital Region according to the 2013 land-use map of the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO). Residential, industrial and commercial, and infrastructure are built-up land uses. Natural land covers in military terrains were moved from infrastructure to nature to produce this table. https://scispace.com/papers/dpd-linearization-complexity-reduction-of-remote-radio-heads-3m2z65ulnt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-system-behaviour-and-dpd-performance-1hhh50vj.png Fig. 5. System Behaviour and DPD Performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimum-values-for-dpd-and-performance-results-325iij4g.png Table 1. Optimum values for DPD and Performance Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analog-optical-test-setup-7xoy68wm.png Fig. 3. Analog Optical Test-setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-simplified-c-ran-architecture-1oddjzjt.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of the simplified C-RAN architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probability-desnsity-function-and-adaptive-order-t20802j5.png Fig. 2. Probability Desnsity Function and adaptive order proposed solution https://scispace.com/papers/drag-moderation-by-the-melting-of-an-ice-surface-in-contact-silslm290w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-high-speed-camera-snapshots-of-60-mm-18jpwf7k.png FIG. 4 (color online). High-speed camera snapshots of 60 mm diameter dyed-ice ice-covered metal sphere falling in water (a) at a low speed of about 0.8 m=s corresponding to Re ≈ 5 × 104 and (b) at a higher speed of about 2.4 m/s corresponding to Re ≈ 1.5 × 105. Arrows indicate the approximate position at which flow separation occurs. See Video 2 of the Supplemental Material [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-drag-coefficient-dependence-on-the-32gsfybz.png FIG. 3 (color online). Drag coefficient dependence on the Reynolds number for ice surface spheres and smooth solid surface spheres free falling in room temperature (22 °C) water: solid squares (red) are for ice-shell sphere, open circles (blue) are for solid steel spheres, and open triangles (blue) are for solid surface composite spheres matching the weight and the size of the ice-shell spheres [21]. Open squares (red) are drag coefficients for ice-shell spheres calculated using the extrapolated values for the terminal velocity. Solid diamonds (red) are drag coefficients for ice-shell spheres falling in 6 1 °C water. Literature values for smooth solid surface spheres falling in an infinite tank measured by White [11] are shown as blue crosses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-fall-velocities-versus-time-for-a-60-mm-28caorgh.png FIG. 2 (color online). Fall velocities versus time for a 60 mm diameter ice-covered tungsten carbide sphere and a 60 mm diameter solid steel sphere of the same average density, ρs ¼ 7.8 g=cm3, during free fall in room temperature (22 °C) water. Each data series is fitted with the extrapolation function [13] UðtÞ ¼ UTð1 − e−t=τÞ (lines). An upper bound estimate based on the maximum measured velocity gives CD ¼ 0.23 for the ice sphere and CD ¼ 0.50 for the solid sphere. See Video 1 of the Supplemental Material [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-images-of-a-60-mm-diameter-ice-shell-kvlmoe65.png FIG. 1 (color online). Images of a 60 mm diameter ice-shell sphere with a 40 mm diameter spherical steel core. (a) Image of the sphere before immersion in water. After the sphere is released from the mold, the ice surface starts to melt slowly and a thin water layer wets the surface, resulting in a glossy appearance. (b) Image of the ice sphere immersed in water. See other examples in Figs. S3 and S8 in the Supplemental Material [21]. https://scispace.com/papers/draw-solutes-in-forward-osmosis-processes-9q5ou5590q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-overview-of-the-different-draw-solutions-used-in-9fobe7p2.png Table 5.1 Overview of the different draw solutions used in FO process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-schematic-of-the-ombr-process-adapted-from-bowden-20vpcllf.png Figure 5.3 Schematic of the OMBR process (adapted from Bowden et al. 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-general-example-of-an-sps-from-its-non-polar-to-3vyjxzzh.png Figure 5.4 General example of an SPS from its non-polar to its polar form https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-schematic-representation-of-the-proposed-fo-md-wb6gnywt.png Figure 5.7 Schematic representation of the proposed FO-MD process for dye wastewater treatment (adapted from Ge et al. 2012b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-general-criteria-for-selection-of-suitable-ds-3vdfjlik.png Figure 5.1 General criteria for selection of suitable DS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-schematic-representation-of-the-proposed-fo-nf-imax0eyo.png Figure 5.6 Schematic representation of the proposed FO-NF process for seawater desalination (adapted from Tan and Ng, 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-schematic-of-the-hybrid-fo-ro-system-adapted-from-1f9gthcw.png Figure 5.8 Schematic of the hybrid FO/RO system (adapted from Bamaga et al., 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-schematic-representation-of-the-two-stage-fo-1ee8r4t7.png Figure 5.2 Schematic representation of the two-stage FO process for desalination https://scispace.com/papers/driven-spheres-ellipsoids-and-rods-in-explicitly-modeled-31isy85jxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-velocity-v0-of-the-differently-shaped-colloids-in-1jc829cn.png Figure 2. (a) Velocity V0 of the differently-shaped colloids in the absence of polymers as a function of the colloid aspect ratio p. (b) Friction coefficient/effective radius determined from MPCD simulations for different colloid shapes. (c) Theoretical prediction for the friction coefficient/effective radius for prolate ellipsoids. Symbol/color code as in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-local-polymer-densities-rl-normalized-by-the-bulk-2xvtnpnd.png Figure 8. Local polymer densities ρl normalized by the bulk densities ρ. Differently-shaped colloids at polymer densities (a) ρ = 0.05 and (b) ρ = 0.2. Colloidal spheres in flexible and semiflexible polymer solutions at polymer densities (c) ρ = 0.01 and (d) ρ = 0.2. Symbol/color code as in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-decay-of-the-ratio-of-the-non-dimensionalized-1vvbcsu8.png Figure 5. (a) Decay of the ratio of the non-dimensionalized tangential flow fields ue(r) and no-polymer flow fields u0e(r). The curves, for densities ρ = 0.01 (orange), ρ = 0.05 (green), ρ = 0.1 (red) and ρ = 0.2 (purple), level off to constants I (fits shown as black dashed lines). (b) Measured apparent slip velocities vs/V = 1 − I as a function of the normalized bulk viscosities η/η0 of the fluids. The black dotted and dashed lines show theoretical predictions from a two-fluid model with inner fluidlayer thickness δ = a0 and δ = 0.5a0, respectively. Symbol/color code as in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-velocities-v-of-the-differently-shaped-colloids-102lbvxo.png Figure 10. Velocities, V , of the differently-shaped colloids scaled by their respective velocities in a solution with no polymers, V0, as a function of scaled fluid viscosity, η/η0. The black dashed curve shows a theoretical estimate which includes the effect of a finite polymer depletion layer around the particle. The red dotted curve shows the theoretical velocities when the depletion layer is neglected. Symbol/color code as in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-local-polymer-density-for-short-rods-at-different-3u545tcx.png Figure 7. Local polymer density for short rods at different driving forces F/aeff for ρ = 0.2. Color code as in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/papers/driving-factors-for-occupant-controlled-space-heating-in-1u9wgp1ed8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-literatures-evaluating-the-influencing-2vfsgx2h.png Table 1: Overview of literatures evaluating the influencing factors of occupant space-heating behaviour https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-influencing-factors-identified-by-fabi-et-al-3-to-9fzmgn6a.png Table 3: Influencing factors identified by Fabi et al. [3] to influence turning up/down of the heating system, for different user types https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-schematic-process-of-building-performance-wxgh3y4n.png Figure 2: The schematic process of building performance simulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-input-values-of-variables-in-each-behaviour-scenario-23rdkqml.png Table 2: Input values of variables in each behaviour scenario from Love [73] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heat-balance-within-a-building-in-winter-1c9moxda.png Figure 1: Heat balance within a building in winter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-links-between-influencing-factors-and-bps-inputs-3w07mljc.png Figure 3: Links between influencing factors and BPS inputs https://scispace.com/papers/drones-innovative-technology-for-use-in-precision-pest-y0rwobh6p3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-articles-published-between-1998-and-2018-on-1avp1z52.png Fig. 2. Number of articles published between 1998 and 2018 on the use of drones in agriculture. Shown is the number of publications for each year mentioning ‘drone’, ‘UAV’ (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), or ‘UAS’ (Unmanned Aerial System) and ‘agriculture’. The words ‘bee’, ‘honey bee’, and ‘hive’ were explicitly excluded from the search, to avoid including publications on drones defined as male bees. Source: Web of Science. https://scispace.com/papers/drought-planning-and-state-government-current-status-mgxvjneagm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-status-of-drought-panning-june-1990-2udn4hqg.png TABLE 1. Status of Drought Panning: June 1990' https://scispace.com/papers/drug-delivery-research-in-europe-1c7ofaldsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-publications-on-drug-delivery-listed-in-web-a7zkmtqr.png Fig. 1. Number of publications on “Drug delivery” listed in Web of Science. https://scispace.com/papers/dual-band-wearable-textile-antenna-on-an-ebg-substrate-1489m5v6qf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulated-and-measured-band-gap-response-of-double-fpv5sfs5.png Fig. 8. Simulated and measured band gap response of double square HIS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-diagram-of-front-view-of-concentric-square-3vags4yc.png Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of front view of concentric square EBG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-surface-current-flows-for-a-single-cell-at-2-45-ghz-2jlxtkxn.png Fig. 7. Surface current flows for a single cell at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dual-band-coplanar-antenna-on-ebg-plane-1vsvhkd7.png Fig. 9. Dual-band coplanar antenna on EBG plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulated-current-distributions-over-the-combined-2ms6oso1.png Fig. 10. Simulated current distributions over the combined antenna at two frequencies.( a) 2.45 GHz. (b) 5.7 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-reflection-coefficient-of-integrated-antenna-on-a-10qnwxzg.png Fig. 14. Reflection coefficient of integrated antenna on a human body. (a) Antenna on thigh. (b) Reflection coefficient measured for different body locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-measured-radiation-patterns-for-three-on-body-2ys4246m.png Fig. 15. Measured radiation patterns for three on-body antennas. (a) E-plane. (b) H-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-simulated-sar-of-wlan-antennas-on-the-rectangular-3f55llq9.png TABLE IV SIMULATED SAR OF WLAN ANTENNAS ON THE RECTANGULAR LIQUID BODY https://scispace.com/papers/dual-modality-pet-ultrasound-imaging-of-the-prostate-bz25dr5js2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3d-view-of-the-prostate-yellow-penis-bulb-burgundy-2wpj96gh.png Fig. 4. 3D view of the prostate (yellow), penis bulb (burgundy), bladder (beige), rectum (pink) and uretha (yellow brown). Prostate and urethra contours were measured with TRUS, and the others with CT. Turquoise area is dominant intraprostatic cancer lesion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-axial-and-b-sagittal-ultrasound-image-acquired-using-2nlzzho5.png Fig. 5. (a) Axial and (b) sagittal ultrasound image acquired using a commercial transabdominal system at UCSF. The bladder, prostate, seminal vesicle, and rectum overlaid CT contours are shown in orange, red, green and yellow, respectively. The seminal vesicle is only visible in the sagittal view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transrectal-ultrasound-probe-is-attached-to-a-30pw2dz8.png Fig. 3. Transrectal ultrasound probe is attached to a calibrated stepper and a series of 2D TRUS images are taken as the probe is stepped past the prostate. 2D images are then reconstructed to visualize a single 3D image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-photograph-of-the-partially-assembled-camera-with-sr8pfi2c.png Fig. 2. (a) Photograph of the partially-assembled camera with the lead shielding on one side removed and a single axial row of detector modules visible. The individual detector modules are angled to point towards the center of the camera (where the prostate will be positioned). (b) Photograph of the completed camera with a person in position on the patient table. The detector banks can be tilted to accommodate a patient′s bent knees if necessary (i.e., when transrectal probe is inserted for dual prostate imaging). Leg supports will be used for the actual patient studies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-11c-choline-imaging-of-prostate-cancer-before-left-and-3uub6y7e.png Fig. 1. [11C]choline imaging of prostate cancer before (left) and after (right) treatment. These color images indicate a high (red) uptake in the prostate cancer compared to a low (blue) uptake elsewhere. Images provided by Hara and coworkers [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/dti-segmentation-by-statistical-surface-evolution-3vhc6m7j66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-segmentation-results-in-the-region-of-the-splenium-1n0bu2ou.png Figure 18: Segmentation results in the region of the splenium (blue: Euclidean distance, green: J-divergence, red: geodesic distance) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-segmentation-of-the-y-tensor-field-top-row-axial-329ks8p6.png Figure 4: Segmentation of the Y tensor field. Top row: Axial slice of the original and noisy data-set. Middle and bottom rows: Evolution of the segmentation (color map indicates FA) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-failure-of-the-helix-segmentation-with-the-2md09ivk.png Figure 9: Failure of the helix segmentation with the Euclidean distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-successful-segmentations-of-the-torus-with-the-j-3e4sei8h.png Figure 8: Successful segmentations of the torus with the J-divergence and geodesic distances (bottom right: final state after 27 iterations with the J-divergence or 20 iterations with the geodesic distance. The evolutions are similar.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-segmentation-of-the-corpus-callosum-using-the-33pqt8wb.png Figure 19: Segmentation of the corpus callosum using the Euclidean distance (top left), Jdivergence (top right), and geodesic distance (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-definition-of-the-covariance-matrix-lp-2drm53ol.png Figure 2: Definition of the covariance matrix Λp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-segmentation-of-the-rat-spinal-cords-phantom-1st-ujwwiqha.png Figure 12: Segmentation of the rat spinal cords phantom. [1st row] Axial slice of the data-set (left) and final segmentation using the geodesic distance (right). [2nd row] Segmentation process with the geodesic distance and large sphere initialization. [3rd row] Segmentation process with the geodesic distance and small sphere initialization. [4th row] Segmentation process with the geodesic distance and initialization at one end of a cord. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-failure-of-the-torus-segmentation-with-the-1m9czkh6.png Figure 7: Failure of the torus segmentation with the Euclidean distance (bottom right: final state after 600 iterations) https://scispace.com/papers/dual-seven-pinhole-tomography-45yr2wrxds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shows-how-sensitivity-varies-with-d-and-with-the-point-3typf7se.png Fig. 5 shows how sensitivity varies with d and with the point source location, r (distance to each detector). For small values of r,~~s~e~nsitivity falls off very quickly as the number of projections decreases. This effect is more obvious for small values of d. On the other hand, count rate falls off smoothly with increasing r, because of decreasing solid angle. Therefore, when extended sources are imaged, d^ and dg must be chosen such that the source is as close as possible to the detector but far enough to allow every point to have a reasonable number of projections. https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-results-of-the-calibration-procedure-1f8t666r.png Table X: Results of the calibration procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-geometry-xuutvjqh.png Fig. 3: System geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-resolution-versus-distance-39j0sbf2.png Fig. 6: Average resolution versus distance. https://scispace.com/papers/duty-rostering-for-physicians-at-a-department-of-orthopedics-1aep3j954q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-implications-of-assigning-a-duty-to-a-physician-on-1jplgfi4.png Table 1: Implications of assigning a duty to a physician on the presence in her team on work days and on possible duties on the following day. https://scispace.com/papers/duox1-is-the-main-source-of-hydrogen-peroxide-in-the-rat-16biz7fk1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-silencing-of-rduox1-and-rduox2mrna-expression-in-pccl3-28y9vo97.png Fig. 3 – Silencing of rDuox1 and rDuox2mRNA expression in PCCl3 transiently transfected with siRNA constructs. Total RNA extracted from transfected PCCl3 cells with Neg, rDuox1 or rDuox2 siRNA constructs was reverse transcribed and PCR amplified using specific primer for rDuox1 (A) or rDuox2 (B). GAPDH was amplified to estimate an equal efficiency of amplification in each sample. V: PCCl3 transfected with the pGE-1 vector alone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-h2o2-production-by-pccl3-transiently-expressing-a-un8csmc8.png Fig. 2 – H2O2 production by PCCl3 transiently expressing a siRNA interferingwith rDuox1 or rDuox2. H2O2 production by PCCl3 transfected with different constructs encoding siRNAs was measured during 1 h and 30 min at 37 °C as described in Materials and methods. Each sample was tested in duplicate and the H2O2 expressed in ng/μg protein was represented in percentage of the value of H2O2 obtainedwithwild type PCCl3 (wt) or PCCl3 transfected with the Neg siRNA treated with ionomycin. (A) Wild type PCCl3 (wt) and PCCl3 transfected with Neg siRNAwere treated (+) or not by ionomycin 1μM. (B) Ionomycin stimulated PCCl3-expressing Neg siRNA or 4 different rDuox1 siRNAs (D1-44, D1-65, D1-67, D1-72). (C) H2O2 generation by PCCl3-expressing Neg siRNA or 6 different rDuox2 siRNAs (D2-30, D2-31, D2-43, D2-46, D2-70, D2-90) and stimulated with ionomycin. These experiments are representative of two independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expression-of-rduox-transcripts-in-pccl3-frtl5-wrt-and-78y2w0sy.png Fig. 4 – Expression of rDuox transcripts in PCCl3, FRTL5, WRT and rat thyroid tissue by RT–PCR. (A) PCR amplification of 1 pM rDuox1-pcDNA3.0 or rDuox2-pcDNA3.0 cDNA using primers common to Duox1 and Duox2 (primers rat-Duox1-2A forward and reverse). These primers amplify a fragment of 580 bp from rDuox1 and a fragment of 470 bp from rDuox2. (B) Amplification of Duox1 and Duox2 cDNAs obtained by reverse transcription of total RNA from PCCl3 (1), FRTL5 (2), WRT (3) and rat thyroid tissue (4) with the same primers as in panel A. GAPDH amplification was used for normalization. These results are representative of four independent experiments. (C) Relative densitometry of Duox1 (black) andDuox2 (grey) expression; summarized data from four independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-silencing-of-rduox1-in-pccl3-clones-expressing-the-d1-2x371eoy.png Fig. 5 – Silencing of rDuox1 in PCCl3 clones expressing the D1-65 andD1-72 siRNAs. (A) Duox expression in PCCl3 clones stably transfected with D1-65 and D1-72 siRNA constructs. 4 out of 10 representative clones are shown. 30 μg of total protein extracts were loaded on a 6% SDS–PAGE gel. rDuox proteins were immunodetected with the I2 antibody at a dilution of 1/8000. Actin (antibody fromSigma, dilution 1/750) was immunodetected as control of protein loading. (*): non-specific band. (B) rDuox transcripts expression measured by RT–PCR on total RNA fromwild type PCCl3, Neg, D1-65 or D1-72 PCCl3 clones using specific primers for rDuox1 (455 bp), rDuox2 (695 bp) and GAPDH (545 bp) for normalization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-h2o2-production-by-pccl3-clones-expressing-d1-65-or-d1-2k241g7y.png Fig. 6 – H2O2 production by PCCl3 clones expressing D1-65 or D1-72 siRNAs. PCCl3 cells were stimulated by 1 μM ionomycin 1 h and 30 min at 37 °C and the H2O2 production was measured as described in Materials and methods. Each sample was tested in duplicate. (A) H2O2 production from wild type PCCl3 corresponding to 100% activity and 6 individual clones expressing the Neg siRNA. (B) H2O2 production from Neg#1 PCCl3 corresponding to 100% activity and 4 clones expressing the D1-65 siRNA. (C) H2O2 production by Neg#1 PCCl3 and 4 clones expressing the D1-72 siRNA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-expression-of-nis-and-iodide-uptake-in-pccl3-1mpqzyke.png Fig. 7 – Expression of NIS and iodide uptake in PCCl3 expressing D1-65 siRNA. (A) Expression of NIS mRNA by RT–PCR on total RNA isolated from PCCl3 wild type, Neg#1 and 4 D1-65 PCCl3 clones. GAPDH cDNA was amplified for normalization. (B) 125I (1 mCi/ml) uptake in wild type PCCl3 preincubated with or without NaClO4. After washing, the cells were lyzedwith 1 NNaOH and the 125I was countedwith a gamma Wizard Counter (Perkin-Elmer). The radioactivity was normalized to protein concentration and expressed in percentage of the uptake by wild type PCCl3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-nameandposition-fromstartatgof-oligonucleotide-vktjott9.png Table 1 – (A)Nameandposition fromstartATGof oligonucleotide sequences in rDuox1and rDuox2 cDNAencoding siRNAs; (B) Structure of the double strand oligonucleotide cloned in the pGE-1 vector encoding a siRNA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rescue-of-h2o2-generation-in-d1-65-pccl3-clones-a-h2o2-2y9cmyiv.png Fig. 8 – Rescue of H2O2 generation in D1-65 PCCl3 clones. (A) H2O2 generation in rDuox-transduced PCCl3 cells. D1-65#1 and D1-65#3, rat Duox1 knock-down PCCl3 cells, were infected with pWXLd-GFP, pWXLd-rD1 or pWXLd-hD1 lentivirus. H2O2 measurements were performed after stimulation (+) or not with 1 μM ionomycin during 2 h and 30 min at 37 °C. All samples were tested in duplicate and the level of H2O2 was represented in percentage of the value obtained for ionomycin stimulated wild type PCCl3. Graph is representative of two independent experiments. (B) Duox protein expression in transduced cells. 15 μg of total protein extracts were separated in a 6% SDS–PAGE gel. Duox proteins were immunodetected with the I2 antibody at a dilution of 1/16,000. wt: wild type PCCl3 cells: Hum: 5 μg of total protein extracts of human thyrocyte; Cos rD1 and Cos hD1: 5 μg of total protein extracts from Cos transfected with rat or human Duox1 in pcDNA3.0 by FuGENE6 method. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-bayesian-network-for-semantic-place-classification-1wzgz5uel3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-idol-database-recording-conditions-aw9hln39.png Table 1 IDOL Database: recording conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-on-idol-for-the-bcs-and-the-mixture-model-in-14erjlfl.png Table 3 Results on IDOL for the BCs and the mixture model, in terms of Fmeasure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-maps-showing-the-classification-results-obtained-by-3daor15u.png Fig. 6 Maps showing the classification results obtained by the DBMM approach. The colors encode the categories for each frame along the path: - 1pO; -2pO; - KT; -CR; - PR. These results, for every robot position, were obtained in a testing (unseen) sequence from Exp. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-on-the-cold-saarb-as-addressed-in-sect-5-2-gzkn0ulq.png Fig. 4 Results on the COLD-Saarb as addressed in Sect. 5.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-the-influence-ofa-on-a-given-p-c-18sjm8ce.png Fig. 3 An example of the influence ofα on a given P(C). Distributions are shown, from left to right, for increasing values of α. Additionally, standard deviation is provided in the top of each subplot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-fmeasure-per-values-of-a-and-t-0-4-21n3rugg.png Fig. 2 Evolution of the Fmeasure , per values of α and T = [0, · · · , 4], shown for the four experiments on the IDOL dataset as described in Sect. 5.1. The legends indicates the DBMM for different values of time-slices. These curves clearly demonstrate improvement on the performance of the DBMM when the ‘dynamic’ part is considered. Here, the legend BMM indicates a DBMM without time steps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrative-representation-of-the-dbmm-approach-with-jn9mchvr.png Fig. 1 Illustrative representation of the DBMM approach with T time-slices, where k = t, · · · , t − T . The posterior depends on the priors P(Ck), the combined probabilities from the base-classifiers P(Xk |Ck), and the normalization β https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-on-idol-averaged-for-the-classes-pidqlqz0.png Table 4 Results on IDOL, averaged for the classes https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-business-network-process-management-in-instant-mr1q4vyzo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-detailed-architecture-in-three-level-framework-2zttud2h.png Figure 5: detailed architecture in three-level framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-enactment-architecture-21932dk9.png Figure 8: enactment architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-software-modules-in-prototype-system-16q7mhv3.png Figure 14: software modules in prototype system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-user-interface-of-workflow-composition-module-293jn4xa.png Figure 13: user interface of workflow composition module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-architecture-after-detailing-functionality-3kugphal.png Figure 4: architecture after detailing functionality https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-user-interface-visualizing-ontology-beans-3v79b0uj.png Figure 9: user interface visualizing ontology beans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-user-interface-of-team-formation-module-3q6viiw4.png Figure 12: user interface of team formation module https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matching-architecture-clusters-and-functional-29ntqruo.png Table 1: matching architecture clusters and functional requirements https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-consistency-and-ambiguity-a-reappraisal-1kf4wwl4zo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-consistency-in-the-dynamic-investor-37eq9i0f.png Figure 2: Dynamic consistency in the dynamic investor / Ellsberg example (choice between f1 and g1) RGB: the decision maker learns nothing (i.e. the information is that R or G or B). Other notation is as in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-information-structures-after-rejecting-and-17ahi33z.png Table 3: Example information structures after rejecting and accepting the offer of learning whether B (i.e. at nodes α and ˚ in Figure 3 respectively). The aggregators are generated according to φpxq “ minpPD p ř iPI ppiqxiq for I as in the penultimate column of the table, and D in the final column. For the rest of the notation, see Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sets-of-priors-and-corresponding-preferences-we-2gekv5cd.png Table 2: Sets of priors and corresponding preferences. We adopt the notation introduced in the Introduction (Figures 1 and 2). Priors are defined over the payoffrelevant state space S “ tR,B,Gu, with pr, r1, r2q denoting the probability measure p P ∆pSq such that ppRq “ r, ppBq “ r1 and ppGq “ r2 and copCq for a set C Ď ∆pSq denoting the convex closure of C.11 The preferences over the acts in Table 1 indicated here are those generated, according to (1), by the sets of priors and any utility function with up10q ą up0q. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-information-aversion-notation-as-in-figure-1-3quyvntv.png Figure 3: Information Aversion. Notation as in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-investor-ellsberg-one-urn-example-values-in-psjhindv.png Table 1: The investor / Ellsberg one-urn example (values in millions of dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-line-2640jyks.png Figure 4: Time line https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-consistency-in-the-dynamic-investor-3tp8ej8b.png Figure 1: Dynamic consistency in the dynamic investor / Ellsberg example (standard version) B: the information thatB (i.e. the performance is bad) is received; RG: the information thatR orG (i.e. the performance is not bad) is received. 0 and 10 are the outcomes, as indicated in Table 1. fRG (respectively gRG) is the bet conditional on RG (i.e. performance not being bad) that coincides with f1 and f2 (resp. g1 and g2; Table 1); e.g. fRG yields 10 if R and 0 ifG. Circles indicate nature nodes; squares are choice nodes. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-data-flow-testing-45bc94i6n0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-subject-applications-25zex8o1.png Table 5.1. Subject applications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-distribution-of-the-increase-of-executed-2b6hiy7a.png Figure 7.2. Distribution of the increase of executed definition use pair by the enhanced test suites: (a) distribution of increase per class, (b) distribution of the percentage increase per class. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-comparison-of-different-data-flow-analyses-with-2hxi0ksh.png Figure 4.1. Comparison of different data flow analyses with respect to feasibility https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-extract-of-the-ccfg-of-the-class-coffeemachine-of-2lzg6cp7.png Figure 2.2. Extract of the CCFG of the class CoffeeMachine of Listing 2.2, that focus on the interaction between the methods makeCoffee, makeTea and addSugar. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-definition-use-pairs-computed-with-oadf-for-the-lbf7bwl4.png Table 3.2. Definition use pairs computed with OADF for the methods of class Cut, reported in Listing 3.4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-relation-between-data-flow-abstractions-3kitt49h.png Figure 3.2. Relation between data flow abstractions statically identified with data flow analysis and feasible data flow abstractions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-feasible-definition-use-pairs-of-class-cut-of-2d1lvn86.png Table 6.1. Feasible definition use pairs of class Cut of Listing 3.4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-definitions-and-uses-dynamically-revealed-against-22vw6lq5.png Table 6.2. Definitions and uses dynamically revealed against the execution of method sequences https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-contracts-with-moral-hazard-and-adverse-selection-59pbt5fln1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-period-contract-for-a-high-quality-agent-1anvjayw.png Figure 2: Three-period contract for a high-quality agent, which speci es for any possible three-period history !3 the payment to this agent, h3 (!3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-period-contract-for-the-agent-of-type-s-which-3471a4mb.png Figure 1: Two-period contract for the agent of type s, which speci es for any possible two-period history !2 the payment to this agent, s2 (!2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-period-contract-for-a-low-quality-agent-2hqzvix0.png Figure 4: Two-period contract for a low-quality agent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-period-contract-for-an-impatient-agent-of-type-wxys8ogl.png Figure 3: Two-period contract for an impatient agent of type s, which speci es for any possible histories !1 and !2 the payment to this agent, s2 (!k). https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-fracturing-simulation-of-brittle-material-using-the-47jmu0tw6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-representative-crack-bifurcation-observed-in-the-2o4hi9yv.png Fig. 5 A representative crack bifurcation observed in the highest pre-strain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-the-crack-velocity-versus-the-initial-3rh8i9vm.png Fig. 8 Variation of the crack velocity versus the initial stored energy of the plate for the full rate-dependent (RD-F) model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-crack-tip-location-versus-time-in-the-rate-381lem7j.png Fig. 6 The crack tip location versus time in the rate-independent (RI) case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-variation-of-the-crack-velocity-versus-the-initial-33i43fwy.png Fig. 7 The variation of the crack velocity versus the initial stored energy of the plate for the rate-independent (RI) and the partial ratedependent (RD-P) model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-initial-stored-energy-i-e-fracture-energy-versus-2thsqwgg.png Fig. 1 The initial stored energy (i.e., fracture energy) versus the crack propagation velocity observed in the PMMA plates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-physical-model-top-and-the-calculation-cycle-1cdnopat.png Fig. 2 The physical model (top) and the calculation cycle (bottom) of the DLSM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-distribution-of-the-y-direction-strain-predicted-by-nief20da.png Fig. 9 Distribution of the y-direction strain, predicted by the DLSM at t = 5 ls (a) and t = 25 ls (b) for the highest pre-strain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-constitutive-law-used-in-the-dlsm-4po0i9fs.png Fig. 3 The constitutive law used in the DLSM https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-kinetics-of-catalytic-dehydrogenation-of-methanol-to-4j6iir4h6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-continuous-mass-spectrometer-signals-of-reactor-1369mga4.png Fig. 6. Continuous mass spectrometer signals of reactor effluent. The recycle reactor was initially stable m 1% CH,OH, then, at t= 1 mitt, the feed was switched to Ar and changed to 1% CD,OD at t= 15 min. Conditions: 0.1 g Na,CO,/C, r=36 s, total flow-rate=2 ml ss’ (STP),p= 150 kPa, T=923 K. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-interval-based-labeling-scheme-for-efficient-xml-ns8wdfonen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-delete-procedure-1aheq6rj.png Figure 7. Delete Procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-data-tn06iby0.png Table 3 Experimental Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-insert-processing-as-increasing-the-size-of-29cho3kn.png Figure 11. Insert Processing as increasing the size of original data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-insert-processing-as-increasing-the-number-of-1r00jkqs.png Figure 12. Insert Processing as increasing the number of inserted nodes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-delete-processing-as-increasing-the-number-of-m1nshmmw.png Figure 13. Delete Processing as increasing the number of deleted nodes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-insert-procedure-2g9m9uxm.png Figure 5. Insert Procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-structural-join-2hw99fbx.png Figure 9. Structural Join https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-structural-join-processing-for-the-nasa-data-25-1nh0mbbj.png Figure 19. Structural Join Processing for the Nasa data(25.2MB) https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-modification-of-pore-opening-of-sapo-34-by-adsorbed-y0ehjtyla9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-analysis-of-the-relative-c2-c3-black-line-and-c4-red-2cutx5gu.png Fig. 1. (a) Analysis of the relative C2=+C3= (black line) and C4= (red line) selectivities from the on-line mass spectra, with the population of the SMS (CH3-Oz) derived from the SXRD measurements (bar chart), and (b) high-resolution SXRD profiles measured at room temperature, after injection of methanol vapour over SAPO-34 (TOS as labelled). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-the-pore-window-obstruction-of-sapo-34-lnq6ub6p.png Fig. 4. Illustration of the pore window obstruction of SAPO-34. Briefly, due to the formation of the SMS, the 8-MR pore opening of SAPO-34 becomes smaller to further deny larger n-C4= species to pass through. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-raman-spectra-showing-fresh-and-spent-sapo-34-2wg12kzm.png Fig. 3. (a) Raman spectra showing fresh and spent SAPO-34 samples. An extra feature at 1614 cm-1 has been observed, which corresponds to monocyclic carbon species[31]. (b) FT-IR spectra of various treated SAPO-34 samples. An extra feature can be observed at 1100 cm-1 for the SAPO-34 sample after 10 min of time-on-stream. This corresponds to a typical C-O stretching mode[15]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-averaged-mean-force-f-as-a-function-of-the-3es1qsf4.png Fig. 6. The averaged mean force (<F>) as a function of the constraint parameter (λ) for ethylene in fresh and spent SAPO-34 zeolites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-fourier-contrast-map-generated-from-the-sxrd-1g3n85y2.png Fig. 2. (a) Fourier contrast map generated from the SXRD measurement after 4 min-TOS of MeOH injection (calculated by Fobs-Fcalc in TOPAS v.4.2); the brighter regions/patches suggest higher electron density, (b) the corresponding SXRD pattern and Rietveld refinement profile fitted with 12 ‘C’ atoms (zoom-in displayed in Figures S5-S6 in SM). (c) Rietveld derived crystal structure of framework atoms, the 8-MR pore opening can be reduced by as much as 1.3 Å in one dimension (estimated by the CrystalMaker software). Its aperture is smaller than the kinetic diameters of the molecules studied. Grey = Si/Al, yellow = P, red = O, and black = C. No hydrogens are plotted for clarity. (d) – (g) Displays of ethylene, propylene, trans-2-butene, and benzene, with their corresponding estimated kinetic diameters[34]. Ball-and-stick model: grey = Si/Al, yellow = P, and red = O. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-product-distribution-of-sapo-34-of-the-mto-process-360v18cx.png Table 1. Product distribution of SAPO-34 of the MTO process at industrial reaction conditions at 460 °C with 100% conversion of methanol (data provided by SRIFT-SINOPEC). The powder catalyst was pressed into a pallet and loaded in a fixed-bed reactor. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-on-mesh-procedural-generation-control-1sd169zd7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-each-geometry-element-is-reduced-to-its-two-2g74kkqx.png Figure 2: Each geometry element is reduced to its two endpoints (a30/a03, b30/b03). Two additional temporary points are sampled on each segment (a′12/a ′ 21, b ′ 21/b ′ 12), and projected on the tangent plane defined by the normal N at its nearest endpoint (a12/b21 for a03 ≡ b30). G1 continuity is ensured by choosing the normal N in the plane defined by the adjacent endpoints (a30, a03 ≡ b30, b03). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-texture-marching-approach-allows-to-2luwij08.png Figure 1: Our texture marching approach allows to interactively control an expansion grammar over any parametrized surface (a/b). Onmesh paintings can be used to easily specify additional constraints (b). White pixels and black arrows in (c) show the marching performed for result (b), red border representing the indirection pixels. In case the destination pixel is in background (d-1), we march back (black pixels) until finding the appropriate indirection pixel (green pixel, d-2), that redirect to the next chart (d-3). https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-performance-of-displacement-ventilation-in-a-lecture-cux62mm8op 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-constructional-and-system-parameters-of-the-study-27w340au.png Table 1: Constructional and system parameters of the study case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-photo-of-the-studies-lecture-room-and-the-ida-2gl5b11d.png Figure 3: The photo of the studies lecture room and the IDA-ICE model of it https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-capacity-model-parameter-values-from-steady-stare-3qhs69eb.png Table 2: 2-capacity model parameter values from steady-stare identification https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-parameters-of-the-two-validation-cases-2eadkis9.png Table 4: The parameters of the two validation cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-two-capacity-model-and-ida-ice-35qyrxuf.png Figure 5: Comparison of the two-capacity model and IDA-ICE simulation indoor air temperature with tree different outdoor temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-parameters-of-the-calibrated-2-capacity-14tblvez.png Table 3: The parameters of the calibrated 2-capacity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-simplified-2-capacity-1hjy3c2o.png Figure 1: Structure of the simplified 2-capacity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-measured-indoor-temperature-profiles-upper-and-2a6jpqxf.png Figure 5: Comparison of the two-capacity model and IDA-ICE simulation indoor air temperature with tree different outdoor temperatures https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-power-balance-analysis-in-jet-5rpmjq9olv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-effect-of-different-smoothing-times-1hv88oi3.png Fig. 6 Comparison of the effect of different smoothing times for the same pulse as Fig. 4. The IR power refers to the power measured on the outer divertor × 2.28 which gives the expected total divertor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-unsmoothed-data-used-in-the-power-balance-3oj0hydd.png Fig. 1 Example of unsmoothed data used in the power balance analysis. Top frame: main power inputs and radiated power loss. Middle: outer divertor power derived from IR camera. Bottom: diamagnetic loop and MHD derived plasma energies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-repeat-of-fig-4-but-with-the-dw-dt-term-set-to-zero-to-2m0wwwl6.png Fig. 5 Repeat of Fig. 4 but with the dW/dt term set to zero to illustrate the importance of changes in thermal stored energy for the power balance in JET. It is also clearer that the magnitude of the radiation event at 15.5s is well captured i.e. the radiation multiplier is valid over a wide range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-jet-pulse-83432-total-predicted-plasma-load-ppredicted-2wmc7s4s.png Fig. 4 JET pulse 83432 total predicted plasma load Ppredicted = POh + 0.96×PNBI + PICH – 1.00×PR - dW/dt based on the fit of Fig. 1 and PIR plasma = 2.28×PIR with which it should be compared. The triangular smoothing window is 25ms for all signals. Not shown are PICH ~3MW and POh<0.5MW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-binned-points-showing-the-deviation-from-the-best-fit-3glt4iun.png Fig. 3 Binned points showing the deviation from the best fit to the outer divertor IR power. Lower: same data and smoothing time as used in Fig. 2. Upper: smoothing time reduced to 25ms. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-power-management-with-power-network-on-chip-1j4jscod7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-routers-for-pnoc-a-simple-topology-with-linear-12ra2b9z.png Fig. 5. Power routers for PNoC a) Simple topology with linear voltage regulator. b) Advanced topology with dynamically adaptable voltage regulator and microcontroller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-preferred-and-supplied-voltage-levels-in-pnoc-with-1vpmppy6.png Fig. 6. Preferred and supplied voltage levels in PNoC with four power domains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-proposed-pnoc-with-four-power-domains-and-four-power-7id3ljdg.png Fig. 7. Proposed PNoC with four power domains and four power routers connected with control switches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-on-chip-power-network-with-routers-distributing-the-3tvaapjk.png Fig. 4. On-chip power network with routers distributing the current over the power grid to the local loads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-on-chip-power-network-with-multiple-locally-powered-16efezmi.png Fig. 3. On-chip power network with multiple locally powered loads and three supply voltage levels (a) PNoC configuration at time t1, and (b) PNoC configuration at time t2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-on-chip-networks-based-on-the-approach-of-separation-3pod6rcj.png Fig. 2. On-chip networks based on the approach of separation of functionality, (a) network-on-chip (NoC), and (b) power network-on-chip (PNoC). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-output-load-in-a-pnoc-with-four-power-domains-2ynig481.png TABLE I OUTPUT LOAD IN A PNOC WITH FOUR POWER DOMAINS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-power-router-with-voltage-regulator-load-sensor-and-hj7bstfr.png Fig. 8. Power router with voltage regulator, load sensor, and adaptive networks. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-resonances-in-the-reaction-of-fluorine-atoms-with-accge73t17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-of-flight-spectra-at-lab-angles-18deg-30deg-383emaii.png Figure 4. Time-of-flight spectra at LAB angles 18°, 30°, and 8° with vibrational state assignments (data t.., total calculated dist. --------, vibrational state same as Figure 3, solid line not shown when it obscures a vibrational state). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-center-of-mass-velocity-1-98-kcal-mol-flux-contour-28punf0h.png Figure 8. Center-of-mass velocity 1.98 kcal/mol. flux contour map for F + HD, DF + H, .. / https://scispace.com/papers/dynamically-reconfigurable-resource-aware-component-4q9dla55pj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-application-and-component-lifecycles-nyyt41ef.png Fig. 2. Application and component lifecycles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-metamodel-defining-basic-concepts-entities-and-361oml97.png Fig. 1. Metamodel defining basic concepts, entities and interconnection mechanisms https://scispace.com/papers/dynamic-transitions-in-a-model-of-the-hypothalamic-pituitary-1oc3jsyn7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-square-of-the-amplitude-of-cortisol-oscillations-nlabw0in.png FIG. 4. (a) The square of the amplitude of cortisol oscillations as a function of the control parameter k2 at the vicinity of SAH bifurcation (k2,c1¼ 1.6123 10 8 M min 1). (b) Period of largeamplitude oscillations (T) as a function of distance from the SL bifurcation point (k1,c¼ 1.42521 10 5 M min 1) expressed as the logarithm of the control parameter D¼ (k1 k1,c)/k1,c. (c) Steady state and (d) sustained largeamplitude oscillations obtained for the same value of the control parameter k1 (k1¼ 1.42525 10 5 M min 1), but different initial concentrations of cholesterol (x1,0): x1,0¼ 1 10 4 M in (c) and x1,0¼ 3.4 10 4 M in (d). Initial concentrations of all other dynamic variables were the same: x2,0¼ 1.0 10 12 M, x3,0¼ 8.0 10 8 M, x4,0¼ 4.0 10 8 M, and x5,0¼ 1.5 10 9 M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bifurcation-diagrams-showing-changes-in-hpa-axis-16zg1buw.png FIG. 5. Bifurcation diagrams showing changes in HPA axis dynamics as a function of the rate constant varied: (a) k1 and (b) k9. Values of all other rate constants were as given in Table I. Solid lines represent stable nodes. Dashed lines represent saddle nodes. Dashed-dotted lines represent unstable foci. Dots represent stable foci. Oscillatory states are represented by open circles, indicating the minimal and maximal cortisol concentration of sustained oscillations with constant amplitude and frequency, which are established for the indicated value of the control parameter. The exact position of the SAH bifurcation point is indicated by the triangle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bifurcation-diagrams-showing-changes-in-hpa-axis-3q2p5e5b.png FIG. 3. Bifurcation diagrams showing changes in HPA axis dynamics as a function of the rate constant varied: (a) k2; (b) k4; (c) k11; and (d) k12. Values of all other rate constants were unchanged, as given in Table I. Dashed-dotted lines represent unstable foci. Dots represent stable foci. Oscillatory states are represented by open circles, indicating the minimal and maximal cortisol concentration of sustained oscillations with constant amplitude and frequency, which are established for the indicated value of the control parameter. The exact position of the AH bifurcation point is indicated by the triangle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-different-small-limit-cycle-oscillations-and-distinct-2qeo2ofj.png FIG. 2. Different small limit cycle oscillations and distinct responses to perturbations performed by addition of the same amount of X2 (CRH) when different values of the rate constant k13 are used in the HPA axis model: (a) k13¼ 0 min 1 and (b) k13¼ 1.350 10 1 min 1. Perturbations were carried out with the same concentration of X2, x2¼ 1.2839 10 8 M. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-values-of-the-rate-constants-at-which-oscillations-1o6ao8zf.png TABLE II. Values of the rate constants at which oscillations appear (lower critical value) and disappear (upper critical value). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-series-showing-the-temporal-dynamics-of-x4-37z7nt7g.png FIG. 1. Time-series showing the temporal dynamics of X4 (cortisol) obtained by numerical integration of ODE (Equations (1a)–(1e)) for the values of kinetic rate constants given in Table I. Time is given in hours and molar concentration in M¼mol dm 3. (These units were used throughout.) https://scispace.com/papers/dynamicity-in-emotion-concepts-5bw7r9hp83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-number-of-types-of-emotion-words-used-to-label-the-3lputvit.png Table 10. Number of types of emotion words used to label the four groups of scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-the-most-frequent-on-target-black-30wnx34k.png Figure 1. Percentage of the most frequent on-target (black bars) vs. off-target (grey bars) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-most-frequent-responses-to-threat-to-kin-emotional-dlfjjv2n.png Table 11. Most frequent responses to „threat to kin‟ emotional scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-additional-facets-used-in-the-construction-of-shame-2i3rn4ia.png Table 3. Additional facets used in the construction of SHAME and GUILT scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-most-frequent-on-target-word-s-used-to-label-3sk6126v.png Table 8. The most frequent on-target word(s) used to label GUILT emotional situations https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-most-frequent-on-target-word-s-used-to-label-2yw0iq2y.png Table 9. The most frequent on-target word(s) used to label SHAME emotional situations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reference-equivalents-in-face-naming-task-adapted-s7ri4ljl.png Table 1. Reference equivalents in face-naming task (adapted from Boster, 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-facets-used-in-the-construction-of-anger-scenarios-5-1gf99zkp.png Table 2. Facets used in the construction of ANGER scenarios 5 https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-an-oscillating-turbulent-jet-in-a-confined-3xw4r0eapk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-for-re-4700-and-w-d-30-in-the-z-0-plane-simulation-4qry0kjo.png FIG. 3. For Re= 4700 and W /d = 30 in the z = 0-plane, simulation (left) and experiment (right), from top to bottom: vector fields of the mean velocity, contours of the horizontal mean velocity, contours of the vertical mean velocity, and contours of the scaled instantaneous sub-grid-scale viscosity νSGS/ν. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-neutral-curve-equation-12-of-the-reduced-model-2d87pu25.png FIG. 10. The neutral curve (Equation (12)) of the reduced model (Equation (11)), where the shaded region depicts the region of stability, while the white region depicts the unstable modes. The parameter values for Re= 3150 up to Re= 7100 and W /d = 30 (left) and for W /d = 20 up to W /d = 50 and Re= 4700 (right) are depicted in this diagram. The error bars in these graphs indicate the accuracy in the fit, see the Appendix for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-phase-averaged-jet-angle-profile-from-the-les-3pxduqgf.png FIG. 9. Phase averaged jet angle profile from the LES simulations (solid red) and from the DDE model (dashed blue), for four cases with different Reynolds numbers and cavity widths. The model parameters r , µ, k , and τ obtained from the fitting procedure are shown per figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-the-vertical-component-of-the-mean-velocity-for-m4i8qamh.png FIG. 4. (Left) The vertical component of the mean velocity for Re= 4700 and W /d = 30 for the lines y =−0.18 m, y =−0.28 m, and y =−0.38 m, which is, respectively, 0.08 m, 0.18 m, and 0.28 m below the nozzle exit for both the numerical simulation (solid red) and the experiments (dashed blue and circles, Kalter et al.6). (Right) The turbulent kinetic energy obtained from the numerical simulations is shown for the same lines (red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-jet-angle-th-t-from-the-numerical-simulation-solid-red-1x0edzgd.png FIG. 5. Jet angle θ(t) from the numerical simulation (solid red line) and from the PIV measurements (dashed blue line, from Kalter et al.6) for Re= 4700 and W /d = 30. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-for-given-re-and-w-d-r-and-t-eq-15-are-calculated-2e0uw7av.png TABLE I. For given Re and W /d, r and τ (Eq. (15)) are calculated. Furthermore, using Equation (16), Recrit is calculated based onW /d. The last four columns indicate the oscillation frequency, based on St= 0.011, the LES model, the experiments by Kalter et al.,6 and the zero-dimensional model, respectively. Unless stated otherwise, H/d = 70 (for W /d < 50) and H/d = 2.5W /d (for W /d ≥ 50), dn/d = 10, T /d = 3.5 and ν = 1.27×10−6 m2/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-flow-stability-as-a-function-of-re-and-w-d-for-1ppu3c7t.png FIG. 14. Flow stability as a function of Re and W /d for simulations (squares) and experiments (circles). Oscillatory flows are indicated by open symbols, non-oscillating flow by closed symbols. The critical Reynolds number predicted by the DDE model, with its uncertainty, is depicted by the solid line and grey area, respectively. Oscillatory flows are expected for Re > Recrit. For all symbols T /d = 3.5, dn/d = 10, and ν = 1.27×10−6 m2/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-example-model-solutions-solid-lines-and-th-obtained-1o9qj4jt.png FIG. 12. Example model solutions (solid lines) and θ obtained from the numerical simulations (symbols and dashed lines). Unless stated otherwise, T /d = 3.5, dn/d = 10, H/d = 70 (for W /d < 50) and H/d = 2.5W /d (for W /d ≥ 50) and ν = 1.0×10−6 m2/s, (a) Re= 4700 and W /d = 30, (b) Re= 7100 and W /d = 20, (c) Re= 4700, W /d = 30, ν = 2.0×10−6 m2/s and vin changed accordingly to satisfy Re= 4700, (d) Re= 4700, W /d = 30, T /d = 5.0, (e) Re= 4700, W /d = 30, H/d = 100, (f) Re= 4700, W /d = 30, dn/d = 25. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-and-universality-in-noise-driven-dissipative-9c66o4rye5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-example-for-rg-flows-of-the-josephson-1ds9d3hd.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Example for RG flows of the Josephson coupling g(l) and of the effective temperature T (l) in the different dynamical regimes. We used the parameters g0/ 0 = 0.3, R/RQ = 0.7, T0 = 0, and different noise parameters. (a) F̄ = 0.001, happens to be in the superconducting regime. The Josephson coupling reaches the cutoff scale 0 and runs off to strong coupling before any appreciable temperature is generated. (b) F̄ = 0.1 is in the thermal metal regime. The Josephson coupling may grow initially, but the effective temperature is first to reach the cutoff scale. At lower frequency scales, the Josephson coupling is strongly suppressed by the effect of temperature. (c) F̄ = 2.0 is in the insulating regime. The Josephson coupling is irrelevant and it has a chance to decrease significantly from its bare value before the temperature reaches the cutoff scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-phase-diagram-of-the-noisy-josephson-zvw3gr9e.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Phase diagram of the noisy Josephson junction as a function of the bare resistance R/RQ and the bare Josephson coupling g0/ 0 for different values of the noise: (a) F̄ = 0.01, (b) F̄ = 0.1, and (c) F̄ = 2.0. The blue lines (lower half of each panel) are obtained from the weak coupling analysis and correspond to Eqs. (56) and (57). The red lines (upper half of each panel) are obtained through the duality transformation. The crosses (+) indicate the points used for the numerical solution of the RG equations shown in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electric-circuit-of-a-resistively-shunted-josephson-3uvpy0kh.png FIG. 1. Electric circuit of a resistively shunted Josephson junction (1). (a) The junction is at equilibrium. (b) The junction is driven out of the equilibrium by time-dependent charge noise, modeled by a stochastic voltage source Vn(t) = CQ(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-the-cutoff-1yw4xzyl.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Real and imaginary parts of the cutoff function (A1). The real part of this function equals to e−|ω|/ . In addition, the cutoff function has a nontrivial imaginary part that allows to preserve causality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-i-v-characteristic-of-the-josephson-1hgxfart.png FIG. 5. (Color online) I-V characteristic of the Josephson junction in the insulating regime of the phase diagram Fig. 2, calculated from the RG flow using Eq. (61). The bare parameters of the junction are the same as the one chosen for Fig. 3(c): g/ = 0.3, R/RQ = 0.7, and F̄ = 2.0. If the junction was a perfect insulator, all the current would flow through the resistor and the curve would be the dotted line V = RI . In reality, the junction carries a nonvanishing current Is leading to a power-law deviation from the linear curve. Inset: double logarithmic plot of the supercurrent Is . The dotted line corresponds to an ideal power law with exponent R(lT )/RQ[1 + F̄ (lT )]. The actual Is follows the power law down to the effective temperature Teff = e−lT . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-i-v-characteristic-of-a-noisy-josephson-3pcopnle.png FIG. 6. (Color online) I-V characteristic of a noisy Josephson junction in the superconducting regime for gdual/ 0 = 0.3, RQ/R = 0.7, F = 2.0. In the regime Teff I/2e g,dual, we see the algebraic behavior, predicted by the perturbation theory in the strong coupling limit, Eq. (62). In the regime I/2e Teff , highlighted in the inset, the junction follows Ohm’s law with an effective resistance δR = δGdual, perturbatively smaller than the bare resistance R (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-crossover-line-82-as-a-function-of-the-39r719gi.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Crossover line (82) as a function of the Luttinger parameter K and the commensurate lattice strength g/ 2 for different values of the noise strength π−2F/η: (a) 0.01, (b) 0.1, and (c) 1.0. In the “local dissipative” regime, the effective dissipation is diverging and the effective temperature is small, while in the “critical thermal” regime, the effective temperature is large and the dissipation small. A critical behavior is still observable in the short-times dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-sketch-of-the-effective-circuits-used-for-1zgnkbuu.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Sketch of the effective circuits used for calculating I-V characteristics. (a) Bare physical circuit. Panel (b) shows the renormalized circuit including the effective conductance δG that is generated in the course of renormalization. Panel (c) shows the bare circuit corresponding to the dual theory and (d) is the renormalized dual circuit. Note that the dual current Idual can be thought of as the current of flux quanta trasversing perpendicular to the junction and the resistor in panel (a). https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-coherent-acoustic-phonons-in-thin-films-of-cosb-54txfvkupy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-transient-reflectivity-changes-and-the-327dmfdq.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Transient reflectivity changes and the extracted reflectivity signals of CoSb3 samples: (a) and (b) as-deposited; (c) and (d) annealed at 500 ◦C. The extracted signals of as-deposited and annealed CoSb3 samples change from damped oscillation to equally spaced echoes as the thickness of the CoSb3 film increases. The damped oscillations arise from the interference of the probe light reflected at the surface and the acoustic pulse bounced inside the CoSb3 films, while the equally spaced echoes result from the multiple reflections of acoustic pulses between the surface and the 1st interface. The insets in (b) and (d) are the respective close-up views of the 1st echo of the 224 nm samples. The solid and dotted lines indicate acoustic reflections from the 1st interface and the 2nd interface, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-fast-fourier-transform-of-the-ybxco4sb12-gsiorpy1.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Fast Fourier transform of the YbxCo4Sb12 transient shown in Fig. 3. The phonon spectra are discretized due to the confinement of the acoustical vibrations in the YbxCo4Sb12 films. As the filling fraction increases, the high-frequency phonons are strongly suppressed. The suppression of phonon peaks gives evidence of the scattering of acoustic phonons in the presence of the Yb atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-the-frequency-of-the-peaks-in-fig-4-is-39jhs4je.png FIG. 5. (Color online) (a) The frequency of the peaks in Fig. 4 is plotted over mode number m. The linear fits for YbxCo4Sb12 samples are also shown. (b) Plot of calculated sound velocity over Yb content x. The sound velocities of CoSb3 films are depicted for comparison. A significant drop of the sound velocity in YbxCo4Sb12 samples is observed at high filling fraction. At x = 0.68 the sound velocity is comparable to that of polycrystalline CoSb3 films. Filled and open symbols represent YbxCo4Sb12 samples annealed at 300 ◦C and 500 ◦C, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-crystal-and-sample-structure-of-cosb3-mmzgovvi.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The crystal and sample structure of CoSb3 skutterudite. (a) The cubic unit cell of CoSb3 skutterudite. The Co (yellow) atoms form eight small cages and six of them are occupied by the planar square rings of four Sb (cyan) atoms. The remaining two empty cages can be filled by foreign atoms. (b) Graphical representation of the CoSb3 sample with a layer structure of CoSb3/SiO2(100nm)/Si(100), which was investigated by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-structural-and-electrical-properties-of-1os3vbhd.png TABLE I. The structural and electrical properties of YbxCo4Sb12 thin films. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-round-trip-time-of-acoustic-pulses-traveling-135csyqd.png TABLE II. Round-trip time of acoustic pulses traveling through the CoSb3 films and SiO2 layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-transient-reflectivity-changes-and-the-dyywn0iz.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Transient reflectivity changes and the extracted reflectivity signals of YbxCo4Sb12 samples: (a) and (b) annealed at 300 ◦C; (c) and (d) annealed at 500 ◦C. The film thicknesses, which vary from 33 nm to 49 nm, are listed in Table I. An obvious decrease of the magnitude of the electronic contribution to R/R is observed as the filling fraction x increases in both (a) and (c), which is probably due to the increase of carrier concentration as a consequence of filling. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-electrically-driven-martensitic-phase-3um7dr27op 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-typical-di-dv-signal-as-function-of-32g8663s.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Typical dI=dV signal as function of time and applied electric field. (b) Lifetimes and energy barrier of the fcc state. (c) Lifetimes and energy barrier of the bcc state. (d) Energy differences between the two phases at different electric fields. The connecting lines are a guide to the eye. The range of low electric fields is indicated by the vertical dark gray area; medium-high electric fields are indicated by vertical light gray areas. The inset in (c) shows two representative time traces recorded at the indicated electric fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-di-dv-signal-at-an-applied-electric-23us1ocs.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) dI=dV signal at an applied electric field of 0:63 GV=m recorded at the position indicated by the red cross in the inset (topographic snapshots). The histogram on the right side reflects the distribution of the dI=dV signal showing two distinct peaks for bcc and fcc states. (b) The decay of the bcc state (orange squares) can be fitted with an exponential decay (solid orange line). (c) Energy diagram of the bistable switching between bcc and fcc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-strain-dependence-of-switching-at-38l3iinw.png FIG. 4 (color online). Strain dependence of switching at different electric fields. The inset depicts the three areas on which the measurements were performed. Lifetimes (upper parts) and the energy differences (lower parts) at (a) low strain, (b) intermediate strain, and (c) high strain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-ab-initio-calculations-for-the-energy-2x6zuqjz.png FIG. 3 (color online). Ab initio calculations for the energy landscape of the fcc to bcc transition in (a) negative, (b) zero, and (c) positive applied electric field and slightly different lattice constants of the Cu substrate. Blue (dark gray) lines indicate layerwise antiferromagnetic order, and orange (light gray) lines indicate ferromagnetic order. (d) Energy differences between the two states for the three different values of the electric field. The connecting lines are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-social-trust-and-human-capital-in-the-learning-2fya67jnxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-sales-revenue-by-internal-production-ffet31kv.png Figure 3. Proportion of sales revenue by internal production (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-sales-revenue-generated-by-kojima-1ib628qo.png Figure 2. Proportion of sales revenue generated by Kojima area (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-sales-revenue-ec-2sls-random-effects-4r41wb8l.png Table 4 Determinants of sales revenue (EC 2SLS Random Effects Model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-sales-revenue-random-effects-model-3hxnmzmh.png Table 3 Determinants of sales revenue (Random Effects Model) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-kojima-garment-cluster-in-okayama-2you7ahf.png Figure 1. Location of the Kojima garment cluster in Okayama prefecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-2y64h2jk.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rates-of-kojima-production-and-internal-production-34xwiqwa.png Table 1 Rates of Kojima production and internal production (%) https://scispace.com/papers/dyonic-and-magnetic-black-holes-with-rational-nonlinear-no956fytpy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-b-1-2jj9xi45.png Table 1: B = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-m0-0-11pkkqq2.png Table 2: m0 = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-plot-of-the-function-gcq-q-2-mb-1-2-vs-x-the-18z0utkt.png Figure 5: The plot of the function GCq/(q 2 mβ) 1/2 vs x+. The solid curve is for C = 1, the dashed curve corresponds to C = 2, and the dashed-doted curve corresponds to C = 3. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-primitive-streak-regression-controls-the-fate-of-5dpit9etdk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-limited-convergence-of-the-nmp-territory-in-the-3bvgcorl.png Figure 3: Limited convergence of the NMP territory in the epiblast https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-anterior-to-posterior-gradient-of-proliferation-2n9k1yij.png Figure 4: An anterior to posterior gradient of proliferation counteracts ingression in the SOX2/T territory https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterization-of-the-sox2-t-positive-territory-37yria0k.png Figure 1: Characterization of the SOX2/T-positive territory of the epiblast of the anterior primitive streak https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lineage-tracing-of-sox2-t-double-positive-cells-11ecsq4q.png Figure 2: Lineage tracing of SOX2/T double-positive cells shows their contribution to the neural and mesodermal tissues during axis formation. https://scispace.com/papers/dynamique-urbaine-a-prague-de-la-fin-de-la-periode-4o6tqhzp9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-louverture-des-centres-commerciaux-peripheriques-a-t2hz9j55.png Figure 2 : L’ouverture des centres commerciaux périphériques à Prague. Carte de localisation, 1998 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schema-des-processus-de-la-mutation-du-commerce-de-3tdmdade.png Figure 1 : Schéma des processus de la mutation du commerce de détail à Prague à partir de 1989 https://scispace.com/papers/dynamics-of-extended-spinning-masses-in-a-gravitational-18b1sysidq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-orbital-radial-coordinate-rs-for-gec64sff.png FIG. 1 (color online). The orbital radial coordinate rs for various choices of s= mr , where m 10 2M, r 10M, # ’ =4, and a 0:50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-orbital-azimuthal-angle-s-where-m-10-1bnp0all.png FIG. 3 (color online). The orbital azimuthal angle s , where m 10 2M, r 10M, # ’ =4, and a 0:50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-orbital-polar-angle-s-for-various-yb78ybu8.png FIG. 2 (color online). The orbital polar angle s for various choices of s= mr , wherem 10 2M, r 10M, # ’ =4, and a 0:50. https://scispace.com/papers/dysarthria-and-dysphagia-due-to-the-opercular-syndrome-in-2ufwer6ui1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-mri-brain-scan-axial-flair-image-showing-a-right-3qz0azmn.png Figure 1 (A) MRI brain scan axial FLAIR image showing a right juxtacortical perisylvian lesion (arrow), and a smaller left perisylvian lesion. (B) MRI brain scan coronal T1-weighted image showing gadolinium enhancement in the right perisylvian region (arrow). https://scispace.com/papers/e-e-annihilation-into-baryon-antibaryon-pairs-co62hnw0q7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-coupling-strengths-ci-c2-of-the-vector-mesons-p-u-16byoyy1.png TABLE II. Coupling strengths Ci +C2 of the vector mesons p, u, and Q to the &1/2+& 1/2+ system at q =0. The values are in units of the magnetic moment of each particle and the total magnetic moment p is in units of the proton magnetic moment p p. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-coupling-strengths-c-1-of-vector-mesons-p-d-and-q-to-3vb2tvl4.png TABLE I. Coupling strengths C 1 of vector mesons p, (d, and Q to the &1/2+& iy2+ system at q =0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cross-sections-qg-8-b-g2-b-gt-fig-7-cross-sections-a-e-1ti8s04b.png FIG. 6. Cross sections Qg 8 ~B~g2+B~gt+}. FIG. 7. Cross sections a(e+e -ÃN*), vyhepeN* =P«(1470), 8«+535), D„O.520), End F„O.688). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electromagnetic-form-factors-of-the-proton-in-the-1hmj5e8f.png FIG. 1. Electromagnetic form factors of the proton in the spacelike region. Data are from Ref. 18 and Bef. 19. In @)q ~F~& andq~F~2 are also included in order to show the large-q~ behavior of F~& and F~&. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electromagnetic-form-factors-of-the-neutron-in-the-x7p10ab8.png FIG. 2. Electromagnetic form factors of the neutron in the spacelike region. Data are from Bef. 18. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-three-body-cross-sections-fy-e-e-pp71-ppq-1kmf2bmg.png FIG. 8. Three-body cross sections fy(e+e -pp71 ~,ppq). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-sections-o-e-e-i3-y2-b-g-dashed-line-n-0-9-solid-3arfyv98.png FIG. 3. Cross sections o(e'e I3,y2+B&g&+). Dashed line: n' = 0.9, solid lines: n' =1; dashed-dotted line: cross section according to simple dipole law with dipole mass ~a=0.71 GeV. Upper bounds are from Befs. 23 and 24. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-coupling-strengths-c-and-c3-of-vector-mesons-p-u-2jhyvmjb.png TABLE III. Coupling strengths C& and C3 of' vector mesons p, u, and Q to the B3g2+B3g2+ system at q =O. 2 and C4 are obtained by multiplying C~ by the proton anomalous moment tcp = 1.79. https://scispace.com/papers/e-coli-bacterial-foraging-algorithm-applied-to-pressure-v0huza1lrx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pressure-reducing-valve-adapted-from-6-hin-corresponds-3oqdo7ws.png Fig. 2. Pressure reducing valve, adapted from [6]. hin corresponds to the input pressure, qm is the flow over the valve, xm is the diaphragm space, qc is the flow through the cavity, and hout is the output pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pid-response-on-a-prv-using-a-demand-profile-between-vg6jiycx.png Fig. 5. PID response on a PRV using a demand profile between 10 and 15 l/s with speed increment αopen = αclose = 3×10−6 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-statistical-description-of-pid-and-e-coli-3l2ria3d.png TABLE I STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF PID AND E. COLI SIMULATIONS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-e-coli-simulation-using-multiple-operation-points-with-11g6bxpj.png Fig. 8. E. Coli simulation using multiple operation points with S = 10, N = 20, Ns = 4, and C = 0.02. a) PRV response, b) Control signal u(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-e-coli-indirect-controller-response-on-a-prv-using-a-afb7bvc1.png Fig. 6. E. Coli indirect controller response on a PRV using a demand profile between 10 and 15 l/s with speed increment αopen = αclose = 3×10−6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plant-identification-narx-technique-with-nu-5-ny-1-six-lfydusbp.png Fig. 7. Plant identification: NARX technique with nu = 5, ny = 1, six hidden layers, and 300 epochs. a) Training, b) Testing, c) Generalization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characteristic-method-for-the-water-hammer-equations-2aj186ex.png Fig. 1. Characteristic method for the water hammer equations, adapted from [12], [13]. L corresponds to the length of the pipe, and the points A, B, and P are used as subindices to represent the pressure (hA, hB or hP), or the flow (qA, qB or qP), or the position (xA, xB or xP) in each pipe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-e-coli-indirect-controller-response-on-a-prv-using-a-2nd8qzcm.png Fig. 4. E. Coli indirect controller response on a PRV using a demand profile between 2.6 and 3 l/s (lower profile demand). https://scispace.com/papers/e2v-cmos-and-ccd-sensors-and-systems-for-astronomy-2bztxdtznu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tdi-cmos-concepts-2vrnr38w.png Figure 5. TDI CMOS concepts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-jpcam-1-2-gigapixel-cryocam-a-exploded-view-b-18easn5t.png Figure 13. JPCAM 1.2 Gigapixel cryocam (a) exploded view (b) assembled instrument https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cross-section-of-the-newly-developed-backside-edax0lrd.png Figure 7. Cross section of the newly developed backside biased and fully depleted PPD pixel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-key-features-of-jpcam-ty7vr8dl.png Table 7. Key features of JPCAM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-kmtnet-focal-plane-and-sensors-ccd290-99-and-ccd47-3ezbmmg8.png Figure 12. KMTNet focal plane and sensors [CCD290-99 and CCD47-20] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-photomicrograph-of-bsb1-the-first-reverse-biased-20lvf2k1.png Figure 8. Photomicrograph of BSB1, the first reverse biased PPD CMOS image sensor prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cis113-performance-1k3mrkx0.png Table 1. CIS113 performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-illustrations-of-wuvs-custom-sensor-and-sealed-20wkeha8.png Figure 11. Illustrations of WUVS custom sensor and sealed cryostat https://scispace.com/papers/e-government-a-comparison-of-strategies-in-local-authorities-2x3ay6jo9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-size-geographic-location-and-population-of-the-34v4g1j7.png Table 1: The Size, Geographic Location and Population of the Councils Surveyed https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparing-and-contrasting-e-government-in-the-uk-and-301xvbmd.png Table 2: Comparing and contrasting e-government in the UK and Norway https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comments-on-how-e-government-has-changed-the-way-of-3p09aiza.png Table 5: Comments on How E-Government Has Changed the Way of Working in Councils https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-councils-perspective-on-how-to-improve-national-1xt3uycy.png Table 4: The Councils’ Perspective on How to Improve National Strategy https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-employee-perspective-of-e-government-in-the-uk-fl8qcxvh.png Table 3: The Employee Perspective of E-Government in the UK and Norway https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-swot-analysis-of-the-uk-and-norways-e-government-wjkprogt.png Figure 4: A SWOT Analysis of the UK and Norway’s E-government Initiatives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-councils-perspective-of-the-egovernment-3v1iu4eq.png Figure 1: The Councils’ Perspective of the Egovernment Challenges in Norway https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-level-of-it-support-and-it-resources-in-norway-and-2v6mtwtp.png Figure 3: Level of IT Support and IT Resources in Norway and the UK https://scispace.com/papers/early-life-gut-dysbiosis-linked-to-mass-mortality-in-2xuzk42mjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-permanova-of-microbiome-dissimilarities-across-three-3oiwdiou.png Table 1. PERMANOVA of microbiome dissimilarities across three gut regions. 630 https://scispace.com/papers/early-results-of-the-ponseti-method-for-the-treatment-of-4j7pcqjoae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-b-figs-1-a-1-b-and-1-c-clinical-photographs-of-the-b244ot3z.png Fig. 1-B Figs. 1-A, 1-B, and 1-C Clinical photographs of the feet of a patient in the myelomeningocele group (Case 1; see Appendix). Fig. 1-A Photograph made at the time of presentation, demonstrating a very severe right-sided clubfoot deformity. Fig. 1-B Photograph made when the patient was eighteen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-2s8l9u7s.png Fig. 1-B Figs. 1-A, 1-B, and 1-C Clinical photographs of the feet of a patient in the myelomeningocele group (Case 1; see Appendix). Fig. 1-A Photograph made at the time of presentation, demonstrating a very severe right-sided clubfoot deformity. Fig. 1-B Photograph made when the patient was eighteen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-c-29rlwsdk.png Fig. 1-B Figs. 1-A, 1-B, and 1-C Clinical photographs of the feet of a patient in the myelomeningocele group (Case 1; see Appendix). Fig. 1-A Photograph made at the time of presentation, demonstrating a very severe right-sided clubfoot deformity. Fig. 1-B Photograph made when the patient was eighteen https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-3gqznm2v.png TABLE II Demographic and Clinical Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-anteroposterior-radiograph-of-the-tibia-and-fibula-of-3u05kmsf.png Fig. 2 Anteroposterior radiograph of the tibia and fibula of a patient in the myelomeningocele group (Case 6; see Appendix), demonstrating distal tibial and fibular shaft fractures that occurred after the child was placed into the foot abduction brace at twenty weeks of age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-outcome-measurements-3sfhlse6.png TABLE III Outcome Measurements https://scispace.com/papers/early-results-with-precision-abstraction-using-data-flow-esjcxtprth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-broadway-procedure-locations-82vsmoht.png Table 1. Comparison of Broadway procedure locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-broadway-statement-locations-10z2lohy.png Table 2. Comparison of Broadway statement locations https://scispace.com/papers/early-steps-of-the-film-growth-mechanism-in-self-assembled-4xyww5jts3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-zeta-potential-of-pah-pss-covered-silica-particles-in-1vix3u8z.png Fig. 5. Zeta Potential of PAH/PSS covered silica particles in NaCl 10−3 M pH 9. PAH outer layer (1, 3, 5) PSS outer layer (2, 4, 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-afm-images-10-mx-10-m-z-scale-is-between-0-and-100-nm-dkvp7set.png Fig. 6. AFM images (10 m× 10 m, z scale is between 0 and 100 nm) of the PAH/PSS for 1 bilayer (A), 2 bilayers (B), 3 bilayers (C), three-dimensional image for the 3 bilayers film (D), enlarged part of C (3 m× 3 m) (E), z profile along the white line in E (F). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adsorbption-isotherms-for-pah-at-ph-5-and-9-ph-not-2653jvcs.png Fig. 1. Adsorbption isotherms for PAH at pH 5 ( ) and 9 ( ) (pH not adjusted). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-adsorption-isotherms-for-pss-and-pah-at-ph-9-adjusted-3cqish9y.png Fig. 2. Adsorption isotherms for PSS ( ) and PAH ( ) at pH 9 (adjusted pH). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-charge-balance-for-the-first-layer-a-the-first-pah-31l411gk.png Table 2 Charge balance for the first layer (a), the first PAH/PSS bilayer (b) and calculation of the contribution of small ions in the neutralization of the film (c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ph-variation-versus-time-and-addition-step-number-ph-j11gkdqo.png Fig. 4. pH variation versus time and addition step number, pH 9with adjustment after mixing ( ) and without adjustment ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-adsorption-isotherms-for-pah-a-and-pss-b-odd-and-even-3dtvbj3c.png Fig. 3. Adsorption isotherms for PAH (a) and PSS (b). Odd and even numbers refer to PAH and PSS respectively. In 3a, layer 1 of PAHwas deposited on silica ( ), layer 3 was the 2nd layer of PAH deposited on SiO2/PAH/PSS ( ), layer 5 was the 3rd layer of PAH deposited on SiO2/PAH/PSS/PAH/PSS ( ). In 3b, Layer 2 was the 1st layer of PSS deposited on SiO2/PAH ( ), layer 4 was the 2nd layer of PSS deposited on SiO2/PAH/PSS/PAH and layer 6 was the 3rd layer of PSS depsoited on SiO2/PAH/PSS/PAH/PSS/PAH ( ). Intermediate adsorbed polymer densities are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/early-time-chromatic-variations-in-the-wind-swept-medium-of-4lzgdbsxxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-bvrrcicjhks-light-curves-from-2-8-minutes-to-2-0-272v1q2l.png Fig. 2.—Left: BVRRCICJHKs light curves from 2.8 minutes to 2.0 days after the burst and best-fit WIND-BLUE model from x 3.1. Upper limits are 3 . We do not include the dottedKs upper limit in our fits. Data are fromMcLeod et al. (2002), Pandey et al. (2003), Fox et al. (2003), Holland et al. (2004), and this paper. Right: g 0r0i and unfiltered KAIT and NEAT light curves from 9.2 minutes to 1.0 days after the burst and best-fit WIND-BLUE model from x 3.1. The dotted curves are the reverse and forward shock components of the best-fit model for the spectral response of KAIT’s CCD. Data are from Fox et al. (2003), Li et al. (2003), and this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-residuals-of-fig-2-colors-are-the-same-as-in-fig-2-h2bcyk1r.png Fig. 3.—Residuals of Fig. 2. Colors are the same as in Fig. 2. Notice the increase relative to the best-fit model of the unfiltered NEAT and KAIT data, which is also clearly visible in Fig. 2 (right ), concurrent with a decrease relative to the best-fit model of our RC and possibly IC data from Tenagra and Gunma. The dashed curves are our best-fit simple model for this from x 3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectral-flux-distribution-at-six-epochs-and-best-fit-334g21yz.png Fig. 4.—Spectral flux distribution at six epochs and best-fit WIND-BLUE model from x 3.1 (solid curves). Dashed curves are the same fit, but with source-frame extinction set to zero. We scale data to these times using the best-fit light curve, and when there are multiple points per spectral band, we plot weighted averages of the scaled data for clarity (see x 3.2). Colors are the same as in Fig. 2. Horizontal bars mark the 90%width of the filter. Upper limits are 3 . We do not include the dotted Ks upper limit in our fits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fun-grb-collaboration-observations-of-the-afterglow-27ji5fd7.png TABLE 1 FUN GRB Collaboration Observations of the Afterglow of GRB 021211 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-i-light-curve-from-22-hr-to-102-days-after-the-31x5hja9.png Fig. 1.—The i light curve from 22 hr to 102 days after the burst and best-fit WIND-BLUEmodel from x 3.1. The host galaxy dominates at late times. We do not detect the supernova (Fruchter et al. 2002; Della Valle et al. 2003), likely due to the timing of our observations. https://scispace.com/papers/earnings-announcements-and-attention-constraints-the-role-of-3pkz3w30by 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-earnings-announcement-percentages-per-specialist-1imr2rjy.png Figure 2: Earnings Announcement Percentages per Specialist Panel https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regressions-of-non-ea-liquidity-on-panel-earnings-u1htqwnd.png Table 5: Regressions of Non-EA Liquidity on Panel Earnings Announcements and Inventories, Controlling for Market-Wide Effects Analysis period is June 1, 2006 through May 31, 2007. The dependent variable is Residual effective spread (in basis points) for common stocks on non-announcement days, calculated as the residual from a regression of the stock's effective spread on the average off-panel (market-wide) effective spread. Residual effective spread is regressed on earnings announcement and inventory measures and each measure interacted with Hybrid , an indicator variable equal to one if the stock has gone Hybrid on or before day t, else zero. Earnings announcement % is the percentage of stocks on the panel having earnings announcements on day t; Off-panel Earnings announcement % is the percentage of stocks off the panel (market-wide) having earnings announcements on day t; Off-panel Industry Earnings announcement % is the percentage of stocks off the panel (market-wide) in the same industry having earnings announcements on day t. Inventory t-1 is the absolute inventory (in $100 millions) for all stocks on the panel on day t-1. Inventory change EA is the change in absolute inventory (in $1 millions) from day t-1 to day t for stocks on the panel having earnings announcements on day t. Limit order ratio is the ratio of non-marketable limit order volume to total order volume. Regressions also include stock fixed effects and the following control variables: the Hybrid indicator; market-wide volatility measured by the opening level of the VIX index; the log of the number of trades; the log of the average trade size; the stock's absolute return; a time trend; the Hybrid indicator interacted with all other control variables; and five lags of the dependent variable. Coefficients for the control variables other than Limit order ratio and for the constant are not reported. T-statistics, reported in parentheses below coefficient estimates, are robust to time-series and cross-sectional correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regressions-of-non-ea-liquidity-on-panel-inventories-b5xmmuu7.png Table 4: Regressions of Non-EA Liquidity on Panel Inventories without and with Earnings Announcements https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regressions-of-non-ea-liquidity-on-panel-earnings-1tjwskiu.png Table 3: Regressions of Non-EA Liquidity on Panel Earnings Announcements https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-regressions-of-non-ea-off-floor-market-maker-db5vj4t8.png Table 8: Regressions of Non-EA Off-Floor Market Maker Participation on Panel Earnings Announcements https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regressions-of-specialist-participation-on-same-22ti80uk.png Table 7: Regressions of Specialist Participation on Same-Stock Earnings Announcements https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variable-correlations-1p7ahr8m.png Table 2: Variable Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-specialist-panels-and-average-number-of-stocks-per-1rbqrgso.png Figure 1: Specialist Panels and Average Number of Stocks per Panel https://scispace.com/papers/early-warning-signals-in-plant-disease-outbreaks-31xbiex6qc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatio-temporal-behaviour-of-the-number-of-infected-2qwuv5ho.png Figure 3: Spatio-temporal behaviour of the number of infected trees N(Ly) along the height of the channel as a function of their location along the width of the domain for the following tree densities ρ: (a) 0.58, (b) 0.60 and (c) 0.80. The colour bar shows the number of infected trees per line along Ly. The first two cases (a-b) correspond to values in the critical region ρ ≈ ρc and although the disease is spreading through the domain is not annihilating all susceptible hosts, since there are green sites interspersed with diseased trees. For ρ = 0.8 the number of infected individuals increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-c-time-series-for-the-propagation-velocity-v-t-2va5mstf.png Figure 4: (a-c) Time series for the propagation velocity v(t) for the following values of tree densities: (a) ρ = 0.58, (b) ρ = 0.60 and (c) ρ = 0.62. Three samples are showed for each density. The velocity increases as ρ is increased. (d) Probability distribution function F(v) for the time averaged velocity v obtained from 104 simulations, for densities ρ: (1) 0.58, (2) 0.59, (3) 0.595, (4) 0.6 and (5) 0.62. (e) Inset showing the For all cases L = 500 and β = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-propagation-velocity-v-for-the-spread-of-a-w6fybalb.png Figure 5: (a) Propagation velocity 〈v〉 for the spread of a pathogen inside a grid with dimensions L = 500 as a function of tree density ρ and disease transmissibility β, following a Von Neumann neighbourhood. A shift between two stable states: infection confinement and an extended epiphytotic outbreak, occurs for ρ ≈ ρc. A shaded region is showed for ρ ∼ ρc, associated with the black dotted line highlighting the results for β = 0.5. (b) Phase space diagram for the pathogen dispersal on the grid, indicating region of disease containment and epiphytotics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-woodland-patches-located-in-the-mabie-forest-near-65y1rf5j.png Figure 1: Woodland patches located in the Mabie Forest near Dumfries and Galloway, UK. (a) Monocultures of coniferous forests outlined according to the interpreted forest type (IFT) accounted in the National Forest Inventory Scotland 2016 (white dotted lines): I, young trees; II and V conifer trees; III and VII, felled area; IV, bare area and VI, grassland. Trees were planted at intervals of 2-3 m. (b) Coniferous forests with patches of trees infected with P. ramorum (red outline). The IFTs showed are I, felled trees; II, conifer trees, III, young trees and IV, broadleaved trees. Maps are showed in latitude/longitude coordinates and were obtained with QGIS 2.18 ’Las Palmas’, using c©2018 Google Satellite datasets. To account for the interpreted forest types we used the National Forest Inventories from Scotland (2016) (Forestry Commission, 2018b). Image analysis was done with ImageJ (Schneider et al., 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ensemble-behaviour-for-the-metric-based-indicators-2oc7jib3.png Figure 6: Ensemble behaviour for the metric-based indicators measured for the propagation velocity v of disease spread in the domain (L = 500, β = 0.5). Temporal variance (a), kurtosis (b), skewness (c) and autocorrelation function at lag τ = 1, as a function of the tree density ρ. Three regimes are shown, with the shaded area corresponding to ρ ≈ ρc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-final-configurations-of-disease-spread-32gy99v3.png Figure 2: Typical final configurations of disease spread obtained for a system with L = 500, β = 0.5 and tree densities ρ = 0.60 (a) and 0.62 (b). Near the critical transition, slight changes in tree densities result in different spatial patterns of disease spread. Inset: Detail of the sites statuses with trees represented following the colour bar showed on the right: empty (∅), susceptible (S), removed (R) and infected (I). The simulations were stopped after the disease dies out (a) or when it reached the edge of the system (b). (c) Patterns of disease spread (P. ramorum) on coniferous trees in the Mabie Forest near Dumfries, Scotland, UK. The total forest patch area is ∼ 250 ha and the infected region ∼ 2.5 ha. c©2018 Google Satellite datasets. Image analysis was done with ImageJ (Schneider et al., 2012). https://scispace.com/papers/earthquake-safety-assessment-of-buildings-through-rapid-256rpyuxll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-initial-and-vulnerability-scores-for-concrete-258zhk4r.png Table 5. Initial and vulnerability scores for concrete buildings given in EMPI [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-vulnerability-parameters-in-empi-28-284bnbr8.png Table 6. Vulnerability parameters in EMPI [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-buildings-in-each-similarity-from-rvs-11i3hcsg.png Figure 3. Percentage of buildings in each similarity from RVS methodologies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-set-representation-of-each-similarity-278slmtv.png Figure 2. Set representation of each similarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-collected-information-from-a-street-survey-performed-2fw9jjgl.png Table 7. Collected information from a street survey performed by a Middle East Technical University (METU) research team [29,33]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-european-macroseismic-scale-ems-98-damage-grades-as-1kqowqxp.png Table 8. European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) 98 damage grades as numbers [32,33]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-ranges-of-scaled-rapid-visual-screening-rvs-results-2a27848o.png Table 11. Ranges of scaled Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) results with damage state definition [33]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-damage-state-of-selected-building-data-from-rvs-16l6gpk1.png Figure 1. Damage state of selected building data from RVS methodologies. https://scispace.com/papers/eastern-wind-integration-and-transmission-study-executive-4hzoi84m2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-line-mileage-by-scenario-1siivuk0.png TABLE 3. ESTIMATED LINE MILEAGE BY SCENARIO https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transmission-cost-assumptions-2sta26dp.png TABLE 2. TRANSMISSION COST ASSUMPTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reliability-zones-for-lole-analysis-with-installed-135xoa7y.png TABLE 5. RELIABILITY ZONES FOR LOLE ANALYSIS WITH INSTALLED WIND GENERATION CAPACITY (NAMEPLATE WIND IN MEGAWATTS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scenario-2-annual-generation-differences-between-3fxvm30w.png Figure 6. Scenario 2, annual generation differences between unconstrained case and constrained case (Note: Because price contours developed from defined pricing hubs, they do not correspond exactly to geography.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-generation-expansion-for-the-scenario-2-carbon-1sriyk6x.png Figure 12. Generation expansion for the Scenario 2 carbon sensitivity case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-carbon-emissions-for-different-scenarios-carbon-3so2b5bf.png Figure 14. Carbon emissions for different scenarios (carbon price applies only to carbon scenario) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-study-process-22p6wsa2.png Figure 4. Study process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scenario-2-annual-generation-weighted-locational-3atots0a.png Figure 7. Scenario 2, annual generation weighted locational marginal price (LMP) for constrained case https://scispace.com/papers/eating-disorders-from-parent-to-child-mothers-perceptions-of-11a50oo8ki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-case-study-inquiry-28xh78e2.png Fig 2 The Case Study Inquiry https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-for-edi-subscale-1qiaqlfl.png Table 1. Means and standard deviations for EDI subscale scores for all four time points (pre, post, 6 month post, 12 month post). https://scispace.com/papers/eccentric-hamstring-strength-and-hamstring-injury-risk-in-1covqdev7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nordic-hamstring-exercise-force-variables-from-2tip25nw.png Table 1. Nordic hamstring exercise force variables from hamstring strain injured and uninjured elite Australian footballers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-relative-risk-of-sustain-a-future-2qce4dxy.png Table 2. Univariate relative risk of sustain a future hamstring strain injury (HSI) using eccentric strength and imbalance, previous injury and demographic data as risk factors. https://scispace.com/papers/eccentric-exercise-in-treatment-of-achilles-tendinopathy-o4mfpvzfow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-self-reported-symptoms-in-questionnaire-and-changes-zwc55ymr.png Table 2. Self-reported symptoms in questionnaire and changes at time points 3–52 weeks presented as mean (SEM) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ultrasonographic-thickness-and-tenderness-at-1szzqcvn.png Table 3. Ultrasonographic thickness and tenderness at inclusion and the changes after 3 months and at the final visit https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristic-of-the-two-groups-given-as-bg370lj3.png Table 1. Baseline characteristic of the two groups, given as mean and SEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evaluation-of-global-improvement-at-3-months-and-at-3bkjmalb.png Table 4. Evaluation of global improvement at 3 months and at the final follow-up https://scispace.com/papers/eco-design-tool-to-support-the-use-of-renewable-polymers-4dq1y1hx3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-relationship-between-user-time-and-skill-levels-2kxrh6c4.png Figure 6: The relationship between User time and skill levels with the three separate Tools parts 1 - 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-findings-of-lca-study-against-review-criteria-2009-2uoj0wx8.png Figure 1: Findings of LCA study against review criteria (2009) [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-new-introductions-of-bdps-based-on-company-1bmelujn.png Figure 3: New Introductions of BDPs based on company announcements from Jan 04 to May 09 - Colwill et al [1] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-principal-bio-derived-polymers-adapted-2r2cm4f9.png Figure 2: Overview of principal bio-derived polymers (adapted from [6]). Flows in bold indicate routes to the principal BDPs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-ecodesign-tool-study-against-review-1hdlzrra.png Table 2: Results of Ecodesign Tool Study against review criteria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-key-functions-of-a-packaging-dept-and-their-1h0wykl1.png Figure 5: Key functions of a packaging dept and their relation to other key business areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-key-features-requirements-and-intended-users-of-the-2k8ub4i7.png Table 3: Key features, requirements and intended users of the tool. https://scispace.com/papers/echo-hunting-using-reverberation-mapping-of-active-galactic-1yv47liuii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-5-survey-extension-rankings-2ln7xiqo.png Table 3.5: Survey extension rankings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-12-same-as-fig-2-10-panels-a-and-c-but-for-0-01-z-4-sp2cohvi.png Figure 2.12: Same as Fig. 2.10 panels (a) and (c) but for 0.01 < z < 4.0 HzSC, Stage III and Stage IV constraints. All these constraints use the current SN, BAO, and CMB measurements as a baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-the-improvement-2000-standard-candles-would-1hxmhdm4.png Figure 2.4: The improvement 2000 standard candles would contribute relative to the dark energy equation of state parameter baseline constraints of the combined SN, BAO, and CMB measurements (black curves) based on current data (left-hand plot) and future Stage III (middle plot) and Stage IV (right-hand plot) data, in a flat wzCDM cosmology. The predicted improvement is shown for the three different HzSC redshift distributions discussed in Section 2.6.1. The red (solid) [purple (dashed)] curves show results for Case 1a [1b] where the maximum [minimum] redshift is varied for a uniform distribution of standard candles with a fixed minimum [maximum] redshift at z = 0.01 [z = 4.0]. The green (dot-dashed) curves show results for Case 2, where the mean redshift is varied for a Gaussian distribution of standard candles with width Σz = 1.0. Higher FoM values indicate stronger constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-the-relative-offset-of-the-recovered-lag-from-the-bcrkwh2m.png Figure 3.7: The relative offset of the recovered lag from the true lag, ∆, for the individually fitted (blue circles) and simultaneously fitted (olive triangles) two-line samples (left). The error bars represent the inner 68 percentile errors. The distribution of ∆ is shown in the right-hand panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-the-dependence-of-the-emission-line-snr-on-the-3t63r00s.png Figure 4.5: The dependence of the emission line SNR on the AGN redshift (left) and the central wavelength of the emission line (right). Plot definitions are the same as Figure 4.4. The vertical bands of SNR measurements, visible in the two top figures, arise due to variation in SNR values in the different emission lines and epochs for single objects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-distribution-of-emission-line-signal-to-noise-em06mqd7.png Figure 3.3: Distribution of emission-line signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in the current OzDES quasar sample for the full and priority sample (defined in Section 3.3.2). The emission-line SNR values were estimated for Hβ, Mg ii, and C iv for each object at all observed epochs using the OzDES spectra. Then a single SNR value is assigned to each object based on the median SNR value of the emission-line with the highest median SNR value using the available spectral measurements. This is the SNR value used in this plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-number-of-hours-the-des-sn-fields-are-visible-xyq6wal3.png Figure 3.2: Number of hours the DES SN fields are visible throughout the year with an airmass of < 2. The values are calculated for the period 2014 April - 2015 April using JSkyCalc2. The shaded observation period roughly represents the time when photometric and spectroscopic data will be taken with the current DES and OzDES programme design. Section 3.5.2 investigates the improvements afforded by extending this observation period to fully encompass the time when the fields are visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-examples-of-spectra-scaled-following-the-van-2c2mmzoz.png Figure 4.10: Examples of spectra scaled following the van Groningen & Wanders (1992) procedure. The spectra are in reverse chronological order and offset for clarity. The reference spectrum is shown in red for comparison. The time step between consecutive observations in the same year is approximately monthly. https://scispace.com/papers/ecode-a-definition-extraction-system-6g8waac2r3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evaluation-of-dcs-elements-identification-2urhj94h.png Table 4. Evaluation of DCs elements identification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-the-identification-of-dcs-elements-3bweeu1n.png Fig. 1. Example of the identification of DCs elements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-precision-recall-results-c21xkjed.png Table 3. Precision & Recall results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-of-the-results-19rbh0ew.png Table 2. Example of the results . https://scispace.com/papers/ecological-niche-overlap-between-co-occurring-native-and-4l9ewf4620 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predictor-variables-used-to-assess-habitat-all-the-3nr2vohh.png Table 1. Predictor variables used to assess habitat. All the variables were continuous. Variable Source https://scispace.com/papers/ecological-and-economic-indicators-for-the-evaluation-of-41ulujd4i8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-production-area-harvested-export-and-consumption-of-1oxphg3q.png Table 1. Production, area harvested, export, and consumption of almonds around the world (FAOSTAT, 2017). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-environmental-impact-categories-in-two-different-c1i2f76h.png Table 5. Environmental impact categories in two different planting typologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-relevance-indicated-by-stakeholders-of-the-different-o7o39g7b.png Table 8. Relevance indicated by stakeholders of the different categories of assessment from not relevant (nr) to maximum relevance (+++). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methodological-flowchart-bv49fxef.png Figure 1. Methodological flowchart. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-total-outputs-operational-costs-and-gross-margins-u3wn2bd2.png Table 6. Total outputs, operational costs, and gross margins. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-traits-of-the-two-planting-systems-2x1ci6bd.png Table 2. Main traits of the two planting systems. https://scispace.com/papers/economic-evaluation-of-predictive-dispatch-model-in-mas-98886uj1x1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-a-ders-and-esss-b-drp-and-c-connection-state-1z5gei12.png Fig. 3. Impact of (a) DERs and ESSs, (b) DRP and (c) connection state on Objective Function (OF) in HEM problems. https://scispace.com/papers/economic-impacts-of-advanced-weather-forecasting-on-energy-2afqmu4jpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-forecast-horizon-on-operational-costs-of-32ifhie8.png Fig. 2. Effect of forecast horizon on operational costs of multi storage hybrid system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ambient-temperature-observations-and-gp-model-2cl1pa8e.png Fig. 5. Ambient temperature observations and GP model realizations for a five-day forecast horizon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-spatial-correlation-for-the-wind-field-for-wind-2sf946q4.png Fig. 8. The spatial correlation for the wind field for wind farm #8 on June 5, 1:50 AM, denoted by “X.” The circle markers denote the other wind farms in Illinois. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-closed-loop-total-power-profiles-obtained-with-21dzhb52.png Fig. 10. Closed-loop total power profiles obtained with stochastic UC formulation. Top thick line is demand profile, medium thick line is the implemented thermal profile, gray lines are planned realizations at beginning of each day, bottom thick line is actual total wind power, and the adjacent gray lines are forecast profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-operating-policies-with-different-forecasts-thermal-3v1r9no8.png Fig. 9. Operating policies with different forecasts. Thermal comfort zone is highlighted by thick solid lines, predicted temperatures are gray lines, and actual realizations are dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-multi-storage-hybrid-2famub9o.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of multi storage hybrid system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ambient-temperature-observations-and-wrf-model-xujewd4n.png Fig. 6. Ambient temperature observations and WRF model realizations for a five-day forecast horizon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-wind-speed-realizations-for-6-wind-farm-locations-in-b8q6qer3.png Fig. 7. Wind speed realizations for 6 wind-farm locations in Illinois at 10 m and observations (dots) at nearest meteorological stations. Vertical lines represent beginning of day. https://scispace.com/papers/economic-approach-to-intergenerational-mobility-measures-58anoglig8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-mobility-and-educational-advantage-in-3jrk9ly1.png Figure 1: Relative mobility and educational advantage in China versus Indonesia: case A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-mobility-and-educational-advantage-in-3do51t55.png Figure 2: Relative mobility and educational advantage in China versus Indonesia: case B https://scispace.com/papers/economics-analysis-of-mitigation-strategies-for-fmd-52l044ba3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anova-results-for-economic-costs-for-mitigation-19ls5syv.png Table 4. ANOVA results for economic costs for mitigation strategies by introduction scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-economic-losses-under-early-and-delayed-3s3n2w8i.png Table 2. Median economic losses under early and delayed vaccine availability in ($) millions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-median-economic-losses-under-enhanced-and-regular-nw767u3o.png Table 3. Median economic losses under enhanced and regular surveillance in ($) millions. https://scispace.com/papers/economy-wide-estimates-of-the-implications-of-climate-change-84thqwsqpj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-real-gdp-the-impact-of-sea-level-rise-whn-added-to-ay6944t4.png Figure 4: Real GDP. The impact of sea level rise whn added to the impact of tourism relative to the impact of sea level rise https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-gdp-the-impact-of-tourism-when-added-to-the-3kv7lj5y.png Figure 3: Real GDP. The impact of tourism when added to the impact of sea level rise relative to the impact of tourism https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-3-and-4-allow-also-to-disentangle-the-rol-played-3kb96xki.png Figures 2, 3 and 4 allow also to disentangle the rol played by single shocks in the joint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-gdp-a-12jj1paf.png Figure 1: real GDP (A) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-real-gdp-b-mkd1y43w.png Figures 2, 3 and 4 allow also to disentangle the rol played by single shocks in the joint https://scispace.com/papers/ecriture-et-action-juridique-portrait-de-l-huissier-de-x4u3zt9hpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-un-exemple-de-formule-executoire-2mildtie.png Figure 1. Un exemple de formule exécutoire https://scispace.com/papers/eculizumab-in-aquaporin-4-positive-neuromyelitis-optica-2lmz4893kh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-efficacy-end-points-3br6b91e.png Table 2. Efficacy End Points.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-3nh8xs71.png Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adverse-events-2zvrikii.png Table 3. Adverse Events.* https://scispace.com/papers/edge-preserving-depth-image-based-rendering-method-3yvkcxq8dm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-processing-steps-of-the-proposed-method-horizontal-26odsst8.png Fig. 1. Processing steps of the proposed method. Horizontal displacement only allows for line-by-line processing, with the exception of the final edge smoothing step. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-33nvig73.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rendered-virtual-views-using-photographic-poznan-33lfcrvw.png Fig. 4. Rendered virtual views using photographic “Poznan Street” sequence and computer generated image “Basketball Penguin” (a) VSRS; (b and c) Proposed method with linear interpolation; (d) Difference image to ground truth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-objective-metrics-psnr-and-ssim-the-photographic-29n19p3f.png Fig. 3. Objective metrics PSNR and SSIM the photographic sequences; (a) PSNR for each rendered frame at view position 4 of Lovebird; (b) PSNR for each rendered frame at view position 5 of Poznan Street; (c) MSSIM for each rendered frame at view position 4of Lovebird; (d) MSSIM for each rendered frame at view position 5 of Poznan Street. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-edge-pixels-are-introduced-at-borders-between-2kvjl817.png Fig. 2. Edge-pixels are introduced at borders between foreground and background. They contain only foreground depth but both background and foreground colors at the corresponding side of the pixel. https://scispace.com/papers/education-and-dimensions-of-social-capital-do-educational-12dl5zsckx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-empty-models-fit-individual-level-variance-country-qve6ebln.png Table 3 Empty models; fit, individual level variance, country level variance, and intra country correlation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-28-countries-n1-4-23977-based-1ilhz3pr.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics, 28 countries, N¼ 23,977 (based on independent variables only) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-formal-social-capital-regressed-on-education-1jepgxdc.png Table 5 Formal social capital regressed on education, individual level control variables, country characteristics, and cross level interactions, unstandardized coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-countries-and-their-level-of-informal-and-formal-kieipsow.png Table 2 Countries and their level of informal and formal social capital https://scispace.com/papers/education-hiv-status-and-risky-sexual-behavior-how-much-does-71rgk8c0kk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-additional-inference-3fncx6fe.png Table 4: Additional Inference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-defintion-of-stages-of-the-hiv-epidemic-175r002k.png Figure 2: Defintion of Stages of the HIV Epidemic https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-the-hiv-education-gradient-sexually-active-sample-39ikquz0.png Table A-1: The HIV-Education Gradient, Sexually Active Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-hiv-education-gradient-women-and-men-separately-1fy8hgyu.png Figure 6: The HIV-Education Gradient: Women and Men Separately https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-hiv-education-gradient-women-and-men-separately-mvh59ooe.png Table 5: The HIV-Education Gradient: Women and Men Separately https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-the-knowledge-education-gradient-women-and-men-2v2rg72o.png Table A-2: The Knowledge-Education Gradient: Women and Men Separately https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-challenges-for-the-definition-of-stages-of-the-hiv-1wnr9ja8.png Figure 1: Challenges for the Definition of Stages of the HIV: Epidemic. The Evolution of the HIV Epidemic for a DHS Subsample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-dhs-sample-characteristics-across-countries-239wqc1i.png Table 1: The DHS Sample Characteristics (across Countries) https://scispace.com/papers/education-and-intergenerational-mobility-in-occupations-a-4rod4i0wgq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-otnhgx4c.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2neu4uqz.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-w4dbtfus.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-99hb1d41.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/papers/eeg-resting-state-and-event-related-potentials-as-markers-of-120w4u1qcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-erp-experiment-design-each-target-word-e-g-book-1ef4cejw.png Fig. 4. ERP experiment design. Each target word (e.g. book) appeared in at least four different sentences and conditions in order to avoid prediction effects. ERPs were recorded from the onset of the target word. The colors used for target words are the same as in Fig. 6: red = no-switching incongruent, pink = switching incongruent, black = no-switching congruent, green = switching congruent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-individual-language-scores-before-t1-and-after-3p4yigxm.png Fig. 3. Left: Individual language scores before (T1) and after the training (T2). Each line represents change in L2 proficiency of a given learner. Right: Overview of individual L2 scores at T1 and T2 and the corrected L2 development. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-prat-et-al-2018-schematic-depiction-of-electrode-1mnq9qs0.png Fig. 2. Left: Prat et al. (2018) schematic depiction of electrode pools. Right: Schematic depiction of electrode pools used in the present study and modelled on Prat et al.’s (2018). Letters correspond to network labeled (A) medial-frontal, (B) left frontotemporal, (C) right frontotemporal, (D) left posterior, (E) right posterior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-regression-plot-for-l2-proficiency-at-t2-and-the-n400-3k0ktvhu.png Fig. 8. Regression plot for L2 proficiency at T2 and the N400 effect calculated as the difference between no language switch and language switch conditions, such that positive values on the y-axis represent the size of the fact (negativity inverted). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bar-charts-of-erp-amplitudes-in-each-of-the-four-3l4x0ccp.png Fig. 7. Bar charts of ERP amplitudes in each of the four experimental conditions averaged over all subjects. Plot (a) shows grand average amplitudes and their standard error for the time window between 300–450ms, Plot (b) those in the time window of 600–800ms. For the N400, there is a significant difference between language conditions, that is, between no switching (L2) and switching (L1), while in the LPC component, the significant difference was between congruent (Cg) and incongruent (Icg) conditions. As the error bars show, there appears to be a large overlap between conditions in the N400 time window, in particular, which is likely to be explained by the varying L2 proficiency, which correlated with the N400 amplitude and therefore may explain the observable variance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-topographical-distribution-of-two-erp-components-a-2rqgjv1b.png Fig. 5. Topographical distribution of two ERP components. (a) N400 effect in the time window between 300–450ms. The voltage maps were obtained for the grand average values of language switch minus no-switch conditions. The electrode pool selected for further analyses is circled in red, and includes electrodes A1 (Cz), A2, A3 (CPz), D1, D14 (C1), D15 andD16. (b) LPC in the timewindow between 600–800ms. The voltage maps were obtained for the grand average values of incongruent minus congruent conditions. The electrode pool selected for further analyses is circled in light blue, and includes electrodes A3 (CPz), A4, A5, A6, A20, A21(POz), D16 (Fp2) and D17(FPz). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-erps-elicited-by-the-last-word-in-all-four-conditions-1lmue03o.png Fig. 6. ERPs elicited by the last word in all four conditions (switch, no-switch, congruent, incongruent), plotted in the (a) Central and the (b) Parietal electrode pools. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fixed-effect-estimates-for-the-best-fitting-model-12jl62jq.png Table 1 Fixed effect estimates for the best-fitting model for the interaction of L2 development and pre-training qEEG power over all frequency bands https://scispace.com/papers/eeg-activity-as-an-objective-measure-of-cognitive-load-120zkznpkf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-analysis-of-frontal-theta-frequency-band-in-the-four-108zby67.png Fig. 1. Analysis of frontal theta frequency band in the four test conditions. NB ¼ Noise delivered binaurally; NBETTER EAR ¼ noise delivered to the better hearing ear; NWORSE EAR ¼ noise delivered to the worse hearing ear; Q ¼ quiet. Means ± 95% confidence intervals are reported for each condition. PSD: power spectral density (mV2/Hz). Vertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysis-of-parietal-alpha-frequency-band-in-the-four-1y0z4io7.png Fig. 2. Analysis of parietal alpha frequency band in the four test conditions: NB ¼ noise delivered binaurally; N BETTER EAR ¼ noise delivered to the better hearing ear; N WORSE EAR ¼ noise delivered to the worse hearing ear; Q ¼ quiet. Means ± 95% confidence intervals are reported for each condition. PSD: power spectral density (mV2/Hz). Vertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-srt-levels-for-each-stimulus-19wqcmhc.png Table 2 Individual SRT levels for each stimulus configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cortical-maps-of-alpha-activity-in-the-different-noise-1xp6t38p.png Fig. 3. Cortical maps of alpha activity in the different noise conditions: a) noise delivered binaurally vs Quiet; b) noise delivered to the worse hearing ear vs Quiet; c) noise delivered to the better hearing ear vs Quiet. For each panel, the color bar codifies “t” values of the cortical regions showing a statistically significant increase (red) or decrease (blue) of alpha activity in the noise condition compared to the quiet condition. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/eeugene-employing-electroencephalograph-signals-in-the-54x2otxljj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-t-he-original-e-ugene-interface-with-6-sliders-for-15x42ux2.png Fig. 1. T he original E ugene interface with 6 sliders for rating [3] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-software-synthesiser-used-1z0xaqx2.png Fig. 4. The software synthesiser used https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-iga-process-in-the-context-of-this-work-ant1nor8.png Fig. 3. The iGA process in the context of this work https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-equipment-used-arduino-bluesmirf-and-mindwave-oe70k17a.png Fig. 2. The equipment used, Arduino, Bluesmirf and Mindwave. https://scispace.com/papers/eeg-coordination-dynamics-neuromarkers-of-social-3x6fx9m4oa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-box-and-whisker-plot-of-ph1-shows-its-selective-30d32gqk.png Fig. 4. (A) Box-and-whisker plot of φ1 shows its selective increase in the right hemisphere during unsynchronized trials (φ1 changes during synchronized behaviors not depicted: when φ1 was active in a subject, his/her pair did not produce synchronized behavior). (B) Box-and-whisker plot of φ2 shows its selective increase in the right hemisphere during synchronized trials. (L: left hemisphere - R: right hemisphere). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-action-perception-coupling-in-pairs-of-individuals-2abrzepu.png Fig. 6. Action∼perception coupling in pairs of individuals. Betweensubjects’ action∼perception is an informational coupling whereas within-brain perception∼action is supported by neural connectivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-behaviors-of-social-neglect-a-frequency-3qoqw8x7.png Fig. 2. Representative behaviors of social neglect (A), frequency estrangement (B), transient phase-locking (C) and sustained phase-locking (D). In each case, the upper plot shows the time course of the instantaneous period of movement for each subject and the lower plot shows the relative phase between the two movements. The period of visual contact during which coordination is possible extends from 20 to 40 sec in one minute trials. Social coordination is observed when the frequencies become identical and the relative phase settles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-time-frequency-power-plot-showing-recurrent-bursts-242cipgl.png Fig. 5. (A) Time-Frequency-Power plot showing recurrent bursts of φ2 during visual contact (from 20 to 40 sec), with a gap at 32 sec corresponding to a brief lapse of coordinative stability, as seen on the behavioral relative phase (grey arrow in B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectral-a-and-spatial-b-identification-of-phi-complex-2ajqv2i6.png Fig. 3. Spectral (A) and spatial (B) identification of phi complex in a representative subject. (A) The two adjacent component of the phi complex are best seen by plotting the spectral difference between pairs of electrodes in the left and right hemisphere, as the symmetrical rhythms (mu and alpha) cancel out. (B) Representative topographical map in the phi band in a subject. The line shows isopotential (same power before and during visual contact), the area shaded in gray shows selective increase in power attributable to φ1. φ2 has a similar topography. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-levels-of-representation-of-brain-dynamics-an-3fe4x3c4.png Fig. 1. Two levels of representation of brain dynamics. An event appears recurrently (stars atop second row) during the time course of the behavior and elicits phase resetting of a brain rhythm (lower row), which is hidden by the presence of noise. To identify cortical activity evoked by the event, continuous dynamics of EEG (lower row) is substituted with its event-related dynamics (upper row), the latter consisting of averaged epochs from the former in the time (as here) or frequency domain. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-a-long-bout-versus-short-bouts-of-walking-on-1bgjeuzobl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-study-groups1-sbp-1z1yss4j.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study groups1 SBP Group(n=32) LBP group(n=33) P value Age, mean, (SD), y 27.9 (4.4) 27.6 (4.7) 0.79 Married, % 44% 48% 0.68 Anthropometric measures, mean (SD) Body weight(kg) 81.44 (6.61) 81.07 (6.44) 0.82 Height(cm) 161.3 (3.97) 160.8 (4.0) 0.97 BMI(kg/m²) 31.33 (2.55) 31.90 (2.61) 0.75 WC (cm) 97.84 (10.84) 98.58 (7.34) 0.61 Biochemical measures, mean (SD) TC, mmol/l 4.44 (0.35) 4.33 (0.43) 0.26 HDL-C, mmol/l 1.16 (0.14) 1.20 (0.17) 0.35 LDL-C, mmol/l 2.60 (0.38) 2.44 (0.47) 0.14 TG, mmol/l 1.48 (0.19) 1.51 (0.17) 0.61 FPG, mmol/l 5.05(0.36) 5.06 (0.37) 0.94 2hppG, mmol/l 6.24 (0.50) 6.26 (0.63) 0.86 HA1C,% 5.20 (0.50) 5.22 (0.37) 0.82 Insulin, m U/l 13.02 (2.14) 12.73 (2.88) 0.62 HOMA-IR 2.93 (0.57) 2.88 (0.67) 0.73 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anthropometric-and-blood-measurement-characteristics-3pjgf873.png Table 2. Anthropometric and blood measurement characteristics in SBP and LBP groups before and after the 24-week intervention1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2c4h30zg.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-self-reported-dietary-intake-in-sbp-and-lbp-groups-2jf97rv9.png Table 3. Self-reported dietary intake in SBP and LBP Groups before and after the 24-week interventions¹ https://scispace.com/papers/effect-and-analysis-of-phenolic-compounds-during-somatic-178m6ulug4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-different-phenolic-compounds-on-somatic-1p8ovtq4.png Table 1. Effect of different phenolic compounds on somatic embryogenesis induction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hplc-diode-array-detector-profiles-of-methanolic-3alq194d.png Fig. 3. HPLC diode-array detector profiles of methanolic extracts from embryos cultivated for three weeks in the induction medium (A) or in the induction medium supplemented with 79.0 M phloroglucinol (B) or 56.0 M caffeic acid (C). Peaks 1, 3, and 5, flavones. Peak 2, ellagic acid. Peak 4, ellagic acid derivatives. Peak 6, chalcone. Zone I, flavan-3ols and gallic acid derivatives. Zones II, flavanones and dihydroflavonol derivatives https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-time-course-analysis-of-total-phenolic-compounds-in-1j5ibdjw.png Table 3. Time-course analysis of total phenolic compounds in explants cultured on the embryogenic induction medium or in media containing phloroglucinol or caffeic acid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-j-histological-and-ultrastructural-analysis-of-26v6uw51.png Fig. 2 A–J. Histological and ultrastructural analysis of somatic embryo formation. A Section of an embryogenic cotyledon showing two developing somatic embryos (s). Note the accumulation of phenols (arrows) mainly at the base of the embryos ( 620). B Few-celled somatic embryo (s) surrounded by phenol-rich cells (p) ( 1900). C Globular somatic embryo (s) connected to the mother tissue by a zone (p) of cells in which phenolic compounds are accumulated ( 580). D Heartshaped (hs) and globular (gs) embryos linked to callus tissue (ca) through a zone of phenolic cells (p) ( 210). E Section of a somatic embryo showing two distinct zones: apical zone (ap) and root pole (rp) ( 620). F Section of a nonembryogenic cell showing the accumulation of phenolic compounds (arrows) near the tonoplast ( 14100). G Cell of the phenolic zone indicated in D showing phenolic compounds randomly distributed in the vacuole (v). Cytoplasmic vesicles presumably fusing to the vacuole can be seen (arrow) ( 10800). H As in G, but showing the vacuoles completely filled with phenolic compounds (p) ( 14100). I Section of a cell from the phenolic zone showing microbodies with a crystalloid inclusion (mc), poorly differentiated mitochondria (mt), and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum (re) ( 23500). J Two adjacent cells of a somatic embryo showing two plasmodesmata (arrows) ( 35000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-f-morphological-aspects-of-somatic-embryogenesis-2h6eiklf.png Fig. 1 A–F. Morphological aspects of somatic embryogenesis induction and somatic embryo germination. A Globular somatic embryos on a medium containing 23.0 M phloridzin ( 85). B Somatic embryos (arrows) at different stages of development on medium containing 79.0 M phloroglucinol ( 8). C Several somatic embryos (s) and a callus (ca) developing from a cotyledon (cot) of a zygotic embryo ( 63). D Scanning electron microscopy image of a cotyledonary somatic embryo ( 65). E Somatic embryo produced on medium containing 56.0 M caffeic acid just before inoculation into the germination medium ( 13.5). F Germinated embryo ( 8) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-somatic-embryo-germination-on-ms-medium-containing-311fe8rd.png Table 2. Somatic embryo germination on MS medium containing gibberellic acid and kinetina https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-aging-temperature-on-a-thermoset-like-novel-17kcdffnmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aging-methodology-scheme-e45t48d1.png Figure 1: Aging methodology scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-dma-loss-factor-a-c-and-e-and-storage-modulus-b-d-27izvz5v.png Figure 12 : DMA loss factor (a, c and e) and storage modulus (b,d and f) results of unaged, aged at 70 °C and dried samples of neat Elium resin and CF/Elium composites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cf-elium-composite-experimental-aging-results-805k30w5.png Figure 5: CF / Elium composite experimental aging results versus numerical models for tensile (250×25×2.5 mm3) samples aged at : a) 40 °C and b) 70 °C https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-carter-kibler-model-results-for-neat-elium-and-cf-38qm1zkl.png Table 3: Carter & Kibler model results for neat Elium and CF / Elium composite samples aged at 40 °C and 70 °C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-modal-analysis-results-represented-by-dynamic-2vnvhn20.png Figure 10: Modal analysis results represented by dynamic elastic modulus performed on [0/90]4 and [+45/-45]4 samples at reference (unaged), aged at 40 °C (a, b) and 70 °C (c ,d) and dried after aging https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-moisture-content-vs-drying-time-of-a-neat-resin-and-2fucjrl4.png Figure 3: Moisture content vs. drying time of (a) neat resin and (b) CF ([0/90]4) reinforced composite dried at 40 °C after aging. Dashed curves represent Fickian desorption model results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-elium-188-o-neat-resin-experimental-results-versus-2c9226j4.png Figure 4:Elium 188-O neat resin experimental results versus numerical models for DMA samples aged at : a) 40°C and b) 70°C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-elium-neat-resin-and-b-carbon-fibre-0-90-4-3ex6xsn1.png Figure 2: (a) Elium neat resin and (b) carbon fibre ([0/90]4) reinforced Elium composite water uptake curves measured as % of weight increase vs. time in square root of hours https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-a-major-ice-storm-on-understory-light-conditions-42jpxklol5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-distributions-of-understory-light-levels-3l2fjts8.png Fig. 2. Frequency distributions of understory light levels before (1995) and at diffe heights (from first to last row: 0.3, 1, 2, and 4 m), at 44 locations in the understory o variation, G1: skewness coefficient). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-light-availability-stand-level-mean-ppfd-1s-e-at-four-ba9whfot.png Fig. 1. Light availability (stand-level mean %PPFD 1S.E.) at four different heights in the understory of an old-growth Acer–Fagus forest measured before and at different times after a major ice storm. Fitted regressions describing the temporal pattern of variation in light after the ice storm are: at 0.3 m, y = 13.73x 1.14, R2 = 0.997; 1 m: y = 14.39x 1.07, R2 = 0.997; 2 m: y = 17.68x 1.14, R2 = 0.996; 4 m: y = 20.36x 1.00, R2 = 0.993 (where y is the stand-level mean and x is the number of years post-disturbance, with x = 1 for 1998). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-b-field-dependent-particle-drifts-on-elm-behavior-37h6krxs2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2time-ms-27s96zom.png Fig. 2TIme (ms) https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-buffer-at-nanoscale-molecular-recognition-2rejlmnhs6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermodynamic-parameters-obtained-from-itc-2dcyqvcu.png Table 1. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from ITC measurements for MalB titrated into heparin in different buffers (10 mM). Hobs, -TS and G are in kcalmol-1, EOT is the end of titration point and Kd is the effective dissociation constant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-itc-curves-for-titration-of-malb-into-1w5n2u9j.png Figure 2. Comparison of ITC curves for titration of MalB into heparin in three different buffers at ca. 150 mM salt, pH 7.4, 25°C. ITC raw data are reported in Figure S1 (see ESI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-malb-c16-dapma-and-buffers-and-15zlepos.png Figure 1. Structures of MalB, C16-DAPMA and buffers, and computer modelling of the complexes formed between MalB and heparin (top right)23a and SAMul C16-DAPMA and heparin (centre right).25d https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thermodynamic-parameters-obtained-by-itc-for-c16-5a8vubbg.png Table 4. Thermodynamic parameters obtained by ITC for C16-DAPMA SAMul micelles titrated into heparin in different buffers (10 mM). Hobs, -TS and G are in kcalmol-1, EOT is the end of titration point and Kd is the effective dissociation constant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cmc-values-of-assemblies-formed-by-c16-dapma-as-12fa33wz.png Table 2. CMC values of assemblies formed by C16-DAPMA as assessed by Nile Red assay and ITC in different buffers (10 mM, pH 7.4), and Z-average hydrodynamic diameter and -potential of C16-DAPMA derived by DLS at 70°C (10 mM buffer, 150 mM NaCl). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-titration-curves-for-malb-displacement-assays-on-802q8l1s.png Figure 3. Titration curves for MalB displacement assays on titration of C16-DAPMA into an aqueous solution of MalB (25 M), heparin (27 M – based on disaccharide repeat unit with a charge of -4), 10 mM buffer and ca. 150 mM salt, at pH 7.4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ce50-ec50-and-doses-obtained-for-c16-dapma-using-3qvwl6k9.png Table 3. CE50, EC50 and doses obtained for C16-DAPMA using MalB competition assay (10 mM buffer, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.0). [MalB] = 25 M, [Heparin] = 27 M (based on a typical disaccharide repeat unit with an assumed -4 charge). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-direct-current-biasing-on-the-dielectric-4av1dbk6sz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-i-v-characteristics-for-doped-ba0-75sr0-25tio3-at-tc-dzw031k4.png Fig. 8. I–V characteristics for doped Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 at TC + 5°C, TC + 10°C, andTC + 15°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-circuit-to-represent-the-tunable-capacitor-under-dc-9wwcucc6.png Fig. 6. Circuit to represent the tunable capacitor under dc biasing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-i-v-characteristics-for-doped-batio3-attc-5degc-tc-1ggyt33k.png Fig. 7. I–V characteristics for doped BaTiO3 atTC + 5°C,TC + 10°C, andTC + 15°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-structural-parameters-curie-temperatures-and-average-fprlqxu6.png Table I. Structural Parameters, Curie Temperatures, and Average Grain Sizes for the 1.0-mol%-MgO- and 0.05-mol%-MnO2-Doped Ba1−xTiO3 System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microstructures-of-bst-doped-with-1-0-mol-mgo-and-0-05-2qjr4v9z.png Fig. 2. Microstructures of BST doped with 1.0 mol% MgO and 0.05 mol% MnO2: (A) x 4 0, (B) x 4 0.25, (C)x 4 0.5, (D)x 4 0.75, and (E) x 4 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lattice-parameterv1-3c-andtc-of-doped-bst-system-2u5pc9gb.png Fig. 4. Lattice parameterV1/3C andTC of doped BST system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependence-of-dielectric-constant-as-a-1u51xlu4.png Fig. 3. Temperature dependence of dielectric constant as a function of dc-biasing field for doped BST system. Measuring frequency is 10 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-dielectric-tunability-and-anharmonic-coefficients-391w0fh1.png Table II. Dielectric Tunability and Anharmonic Coefficients for the 1.0-mol%-MgO- and 0.05-mol%-MnO2-doped Ba1−xSrxTiO3 System https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-disintegrants-on-the-properties-of-1errhkkqqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-multiparticulate-tablets-11m3kchr.png Table 1. Composition of the multiparticulate tablets https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-doe-factors-with-their-experimental-space-n7is5rgh.png Table 2. DOE factors with their experimental space https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characterisation-of-placebo-granules-formulated-with-30cymsd4.png Table 4. Characterisation of placebo granules formulated with MCC (54. 5%), lactose (33.5%), disintegrant (8%) and PVP (4%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-plots-565-26ugl0jk.png Figure 4. Effect plots 565 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-and-optical-microscopy-pictures-of-the-fracture-1hor3qlh.png Figure 3. SEM and optical microscopy pictures of the fracture plane of multiparticulate tablets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sweet-spot-plots-570-31cg3ax7.png Figure 5. Sweet spot plots 570 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-monte-carlo-simulations-15jqzvct.png Figure 6. Monte carlo simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-appearance-of-multiparticulate-tablets-530-1my5782n.png Figure 2. Appearance of multiparticulate tablets 530 https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-dissolved-oxygen-concentration-on-microalgal-2cova685rk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gas-liquid-mass-transfer-coefficients-and-resulting-3bdz2eji.png Table 1 Gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients and resulting estimated dissolved oxygen concentrations for different photobioreactor geometries (PSmax= 19.5 g/m2/d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-surface-productivity-in-airlift-and-torus-pbr-for-8ye5orf0.png Fig. 6. Surface productivity in airlift and torus PBR for Chlorella vulgaris (CV) grown in the two PBRs for a photon flux density PFD=250 μmol/m2/s and dilution rate D=0.02 h−1 with different dissolved oxygen concentrations. Values for dissolved oxygen concentrations were added for each case (data are shown as a mean ± SD, n= 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-impact-of-photorespiration-on-the-relative-biomass-bs6t7bc1.png Fig. 1. Impact of photorespiration on the relative biomass productivity [27]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-surface-productivity-ps-of-chlorella-3r539lxq.png Fig. 2. Evolution of the surface productivity (Ps) of Chlorella vulgaris for different dissolved oxygen concentrations (CO2) in the torus PBR, for a photon flux density PFD=250 μmolhv/m2/s and a dilution rate D=0.02 h−1 (data are shown as a mean ± SD, n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-prediction-of-biomass-surface-productivity-of-y2txwzlz.png Fig. 5. (A): Prediction of biomass surface productivity of Chlorella vulgaris for different dissolved oxygen concentrations using recalculated JNADH2 values. (B): Comparison between experimental surface productivity of Chlorella vulgaris obtained by Souliès et al. [17] and theoretical surface productivity recalculated from the kinetic growth model for different dissolved oxygen concentrations and for a photon flux density PFD=200 μmol/m2/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-the-rate-of-respiratory-cofactor-3rj2bspu.png Fig. 4. Evolution of the rate of respiratory cofactor regeneration (JNADH2) in comparison with the evolution of the surface productivity (PS) of Chlorella vulgaris for different dissolved oxygen concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-total-pigment-and-photoprotective-37ob4i6h.png Fig. 3. Evolution of total pigment and photoprotective carotenoid (PPC) contents of Chlorella vulgaris at different dissolved oxygen concentrations (CO2) for a photon flux density PFD=250 μmol/m2/s (data are shown as mean ± SD n=3). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-dna-charge-helicity-on-b-z-dna-transition-3lx220anlt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electrostatic-energy-difference-of-b-and-z-dna-as-a-doi530k3.png FIG. 1. Electrostatic energy difference of B- and Z-DNA as a function of n0 for dZ=15.3 Å bold solid , 10 Å ii 5 Å i , and for uniformly charged rods iii . For the dashed-dotted curve n0 dependence Ref. 25 is taken into account for the energy of the helices. The dots are the data of Pohl Ref. 5 ; large dots are the same data but just shifted to improve comparing with our results. Curve iv is obtained in Ref. 12 from the nonlinear PoissonBoltzmann theory for uniformly charged DNA rods with aB=10 Å and aZ =8.5 Å. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-electric-current-pulses-on-the-microstructure-and-3uxkw6nvhr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-microscope-micrograph-for-sample-with-35azi0i0.png Figure 3: Optical microscope micrograph for sample with electropulsing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-edx-analysis-for-unelectropulsed-sample-showing-the-1s78nwkt.png Figure 9: EDX analysis for unelectropulsed sample showing the existence of precipitation free zones in the microstructure (the dark areas around grain boundaries) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-image-for-sample-without-electropulsing-td15j3hg.png Figure 4: SEM image for sample without electropulsing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-image-for-sample-with-electropulsing-red-arrow-7z8cm54a.png Figure 5: SEM image for sample with electropulsing (red arrow shows the direction of electric current) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-image-for-sample-without-electropulsing-1f3e5m59.png Figure 6: SEM image for sample without electropulsing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-image-for-sample-with-electropulsing-3kx73h73.png Figure 7: SEM image for sample with electropulsing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-experimental-setting-nhbefer6.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram of experimental setting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-representation-of-the-streamline-of-1q5bftmj.png Figure 8: Schematic representation of the streamline of electric current distribution a) before electropulsing b) after electropulsing https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-enzyme-activity-and-frozen-storage-on-jalapeno-3rlny4ypo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-sift-instrument-model-voice-100-syft-technologies-2rea9uck.png Figure 2.4: SIFT instrument, model Voice 100, Syft Technologies Inc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-effect-of-frozen-storage-on-major-lox-aldehydes-27mn9aj3.png Figure 4.7: Effect of frozen storage on major LOX aldehydes and their corresponding alcohols in pureed unblanched jalapeño peppers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-green-jalapeno-pepper-1borx3rb.png Figure 2.2: Green Jalapeño pepper https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-effect-of-frozen-storage-on-lox-volatiles-of-bryar7xb.png Figure 4.4: Effect of frozen storage on LOX volatiles of whole and pureed blanched jalapeño peppers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-effect-of-enzyme-activity-on-the-concentration-of-1t3gvy5k.png Figure 4.1: Effect of enzyme activity on the concentration of LOX-derived volatiles in jalapeño pepper. Standard error for (Z)-3-hexenal and hexanal in unblanched samples was 384 and 73, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-volatile-compounds-generated-by-the-lipoxygenase-2l1zb9dm.png Figure 2.3: Volatile compounds generated by the lipoxygenase pathway proposed for bell peppers. Abbreviations: LOOH, hydroperoxide; [LOX], lipoxygenase; [HPOL], hydroperoxide lyase; [ADH], alcohol dehydrogenase; [Z3/E2-ISO], (Z)-3/(E)-2 isomerase; [E?], unknown enzyme. Source: Luning and others 1995a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-graphic-representation-of-main-internal-processes-3i3ca3qn.png Figure 2.5: Graphic representation of main internal processes of SIFT-MS instrument. Source: Syft Technologies 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-major-volatile-compounds-found-in-capsicum-fruits-3c3hvl7e.png Table 2.2: Major volatile compounds found in capsicum fruits Sources: Buttery and others (1969), Keller and others (1981), Chitwood and others (1983), Wu and Liou (1986), Luning and others (1994), Mateo and others (1997), Kim and others (2007), Pino and others (2007), Forero and others (2009). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-functional-feeds-on-fatty-acid-and-eicosanoid-4qa09ine7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-docx-29l9vzxw.png Table 8.docx https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-c-ontinuation-1s3gjoac.png Table 4. (C ontinuation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-formulation-and-proximate-compositions-of-the-feeds-38stcmbr.png Table 1. Formulation and proximate compositions of the feeds https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-fatty-acid-compositions-percentage-of-total-fatty-3k12frrb.png Table 7. Fatty acid compositions (percentage of total fatty acids) of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine of head kidney from Atlantic salmon fed the different diets at 8- and 16- weeks postinfection with PRV. Results are means ± SD (n = 5).P-values of two-way ANOVA are presented for factors ‘diet’,   ‘time’   and   interaction   between   factors.   ARA,   arachidonic   acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; ns, not significant (p > 0.05); PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-lipid-fatty-acid-composition-percentage-of-3ftb81e8.png Table 2. Total lipid fatty acid composition (percentage of total fatty acids) and lipid class composition (percentage of total lipid) of the experimental diets. ARA, Arachidonic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expression-of-ppar-genes-in-head-kidney-expression-of-2kasdfl4.png Fig. 5. Expression of PPAR genes in head kidney. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated 655 receptor (PPAR) genes in head kidney was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Values were 656 normalized by dividing the number of copies of the target genes by the number of copies of 657 reference genes (an average value for the expression of cofilin-2 and elf-1). Different letters 658 represent significant differences between diets within time points and symbols represents differences 659 between time-points within diets (two-way ANOVA, p<0.05). 660 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-total-lipid-fatty-acid-composition-percentage-of-1ca0xbut.png Table 5. Total lipid fatty acid composition (percentage of total fatty acids) of heart from Atlantic salmon fed the different diets at 8- and 16- weeks post-infection with PRV. Results are means ± SD (n = 5).P-values of twoway ANOVA are presented for factors  ‘diet’,  ‘time’  and  interaction  between  factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-scoring-of-liver-steatosis-in-individual-sections-df422003.png Table 3. Scoring of liver steatosis in individual sections was based on the following system. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-goserelin-and-leuprolide-added-to-the-semen-on-1r7eizeimt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1d06ehwa.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-fuzzy-partitioning-in-crohn-s-disease-4tjtsqivzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-found-between-the-original-data-and-yjhpf47e.png Figure 3. Correlation found between the original data and fuzzy relations established https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-union-generation-12ky13i9.png Table 3. Union Generation https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-accuracy-comparison-based-on-partition-3sn3d4ht.png Table 6. Accuracy comparison based on partition https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correctness-parameters-305g7dj1.png Table 7. Correctness parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-matrix-of-the-fuzzy-relationships-x69bxd7w.png Table 2. Matrix of the fuzzy relationships https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-roc-curve-for-the-false-positive-rate-versus-3hw42z89.png Figure 8. The ROC curve for the false positive rate versus the true positive rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-error-histogram-using-20-bins-lqzg2t77.png Figure 7. Error Histogram using 20 bins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regression-plot-for-the-between-the-network-output-3aw13m11.png Figure 5. Regression plot for the between the network output and the targets https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-hr-diversity-management-practices-on-employee-3pr60thiwr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-framework-showing-relation-among-r0q5hodf.png Figure 1: Theoretical Framework Showing Relation among Variables https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-human-activity-on-habitat-selection-in-the-1voe9qsl71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-showing-the-geographic-location-of-the-field-kychcwbm.png Figure 1. Map showing the geographic location of the field site, the home range of the study groups 718 and the location of major anthropogenic features within the study site. Basemap source: Natural 719 Earth Data (2017) 720 https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-intensive-training-on-mood-with-no-effect-on-brain-xvv9f28iso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plasma-cortisol-concentrations-at-baseline-bl-at-1yppj8ew.png Figure 2. Plasma cortisol concentrations at baseline (BL), at the end of submaximal exercise (SM) at the end of the time trial (MAX) and after recovery (1h POST) in the three training conditions: normal (NT), intensified (INT) and recovery (REC) training. No difference was observed between the three training conditions. * = statistically different from BL (p<0.05) # = statistically different from SM (p<0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-global-mood-score-gms-during-normal-nt-intensified-14elzb0t.png Figure 4. Global Mood Score (GMS) during normal (NT), intensified (INT) and recovery training (REC) * = statistically different from INT (p<0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-spent-in-each-training-zone-during-each-3hjylp9q.png Figure 1: Time spent in each training zone during each training condition. Z1 = < 70%HRmax, Z2 = 70%–80%HRmax, Z3 = 80%–90%HRmax, Z4 = 90%–95%HRmax, and Z5 = > 95%Hrmax INT training showed a significant increase in volume and intensity (time spent in Z4 and Z5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plasma-bdnf-concentrations-at-baseline-bl-at-the-3mzr6jvn.png Figure 3. Plasma BDNF concentrations at baseline (BL), at the end of submaximal exercise (SM) at the end of the time trial (MAX) and after recovery (1h POST) in the three training conditions: during normal (NT), intensified (INT) and recovery (REC) training. No difference was observed between the three training conditions. * = statistically different from BL (p<0.05) # = statistically different from SM (p<0.05) https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-maternal-age-on-the-risk-of-preterm-birth-a-large-thycs8ljj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-of-preterm-birth-and-very-preterm-birth-1culmaw2.png Table 2. Risk of preterm birth and very preterm birth according to maternal age. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-maternal-and-obstetrical-risk-factors-2fhmy50c.png Table 1. Prevalence of maternal and obstetrical risk factors of prematurity by age group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-ndgn6q58.png Fig 1. Flow chart. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-value-of-adjusted-ors-to-predict-preterm-delivery-1f8vgike.png Table 3. Value of adjusted ORs to predict preterm delivery before 32 weeks and 37 weeks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-risks-of-all-preterm-delivery-spontaneous-and-3qnrl64k.png Fig 2. Risks of all preterm delivery (spontaneous and iatrogenic) before 37 weeks and adjusted odds ratio according to maternal age categories. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-mesoporous-sba-15-silica-on-the-thermal-stability-1mkcmio0bi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-dependence-on-time-of-the-ftir-stretching-mode-1uo1wkmd.png Figure 11. (a) Dependence on time of the FTIR stretching−mode carbonyl species at 160ºC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dependence-of-ea-on-the-weight-loss-for-the-2x1mnn46.png Figure 3. Dependence of Ea on the weight loss for the different materials under analysis. The colour code is inserted into the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-weight-content-in-sba-15-particles-determined-by-3chl0twb.png Table II. Weight content in SBA-15 particles determined by TGA; melting temperatures (Tm) obtained from DSC experiments; and, values of zero shear viscosity (0) at different temperatures above Tm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-tga-and-b-dtga-curves-in-air-for-the-pp-black-and-cq08ghez.png Figure 6. (a) TGA and (b) DTGA curves in air for the PP (black) and PP13 (blue) films at 2 (solid thick lines), 5 (solid thin lines), 10 (dashed lines) and 20ºC/min (dotted lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dependence-of-zero-shear-viscosity-on-the-sba-15-2s2gwxit.png Figure 5. Dependence of zero shear viscosity on the SBA-15 content at different temperatures: 160ºC, 180ºC and 200ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tga-and-b-dtga-curves-in-n2-for-the-pp-black-and-2ymjskrz.png Figure 1. (a) TGA and (b) DTGA curves in N2 for the PP (black) and PP13 (blue) films at different heating rates:2 (solid thick lines), 5 (solid thin lines), 10 (dashed lines) and 20ºC/min (dotted lines). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-reaction-conditions-for-the-synthesis-of-samples-2bds8t5i.png Table I. Reaction conditions for the synthesis of samples PP43 and PP80 and final PP/SBA ratio in the samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-induction-period-window-for-the-pp-homopolymer-1s35o3lg.png Figure 9. (a) Induction period window for the PP homopolymer and their SBA-15 nanocomposites by TGA under air at 5ºC/min. (b) Dependence of Tind (black points) and Tmax (blue points) for the oxygen uptake in the PP and SBA-15 materials at the different contents and heating rates. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-nitrogen-fertilizers-and-trichoderma-harzianum-on-24wllp9o46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mycelial-growth-of-t-harzianum-t-and-s-rolfsii-s-12r98oda.png Figure 4. Mycelial growth of T. harzianum (T) and S. rolfsii (S) after 72 hours of incubation in dual culture on the medium containing Czapeck-Dox and soil amended with the sulfate ammonium (S), the nitrate potassium (K) or the urea (U) at the rates of 6 (S1, U1, K1), 12 (S2, U2, K2) and 18 g of nitrogen·m–2 (S3, U3, K3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mycelial-growth-of-t-harzianum-and-s-rolfsii-after-2ufgdho2.png Figure 5. Mycelial growth of T. harzianum and S. rolfsii after 72 hours of incubation on a medium constituting water agar and soil amended with the horse manure at the rates of 2, 4 and 6 kg/m2. Check: water agar and soil without horse manure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mycelial-growth-of-t-harzianum-and-s-rolfsii-after-3e5ssp71.png Figure 3. Mycelial growth of T. harzianum and S. rolfsii after 72 hours of incubation on a medium constituting CzapeckDox agar and soil amended with sulfate ammonium (S), nitrate potassium (K) or urea (U) at the rates of 6, 12 and 18 g of nitrogen·m–2. Check: Czapeck-Dox agar and soil without fertilizer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-combined-action-of-nitrogen-fertilizers-and-t-206tb02z.png Table I. Combined action of nitrogen fertilizers and T. harzianum on the sclerotial viability of S. rolfsii in soil. Means in each column followed by the same letters are not different statistically (P = 0.05) according to Newman & Keuls' test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mycelial-growth-of-t-harzianum-t-and-s-rolfsii-s-2nun8vr3.png Figure 6. Mycelial growth of T. harzianum (T) and S. rolfsii (S) after 72 hours of incubation in dual culture on a medium constituting water agar and soil amended with the horse manure at the rates of 2, 4 and 6 kg/m2. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-nanosilica-addition-on-the-fresh-properties-and-4vb7a71sq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factors-and-levels-considered-jefrwogk.png Table 1. Factors and levels considered. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fresh-properties-of-mortars-2u979tz8.png Table 5. Fresh properties of mortars. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-the-materials-used-34ivw2c2.png Table 2. Chemical composition of the materials used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physical-properties-of-ns-fa-and-cement-2iyhyuh3.png Table 3. Physical properties of nS, FA and cement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-proportionings-of-the-mortars-tested-322n3qjk.png Table 4. Proportionings of the mortars tested. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cohesion-results-lombardi-2uf7nf9u.png Figure 5. Cohesion results (Lombardi). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-density-of-the-fresh-mortars-25di7087.png Table 6. Density of the fresh mortars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-density-of-the-fresh-mortars-2rldytzc.png Figure 6. Density of the fresh mortars. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-organizational-culture-on-employee-performance-in-3g7j5o4trk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-data-collected-from-the-targeted-2fax2ud5.png Table 1: Analysis of data collected from the targeted respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-anovaa-1m3k8izw.png Table 4: ANOVAa https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coefficientsa-w1z3aukw.png Table 5: Coefficientsa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anovaa-rfnpr973.png Table 2: ANOVAa https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficientsa-306wthpi.png Table 3: Coefficientsa https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-post-processing-on-the-dimensional-accuracy-of-1azhk5nxld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fdm-process-1pprfcvo.png Figure 3: FDM process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-touch-probe-scan-of-nylon-test-pieces-as-built-bqnzc9oi.png Figure 10: Touch probe scan of Nylon test pieces: “as built” compared to CAD geometry (a), tumbled (b), shot peened (c), hand finished (d), spray painted (e) and CNC machined (f) compared to “as built” geometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-dimensional-accuracy-of-post-1googoju.png Figure 9: Comparison of dimensional accuracy of post processing techniques for ABS test pieces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-progressively-tumbled-nylon-a-and-alumide-r-test-1i9gg6x8.png Figure 14: Progressively tumbled Nylon (a) and Alumide® test pieces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-am-processes-2wbsilvl.png Figure 1: Flow chart of AM processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-process-parameters-for-am-of-the-test-pieces-25ryld58.png Table 1: Process parameters for AM of the test pieces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-test-piece-and-its-features-uzctyevn.png Figure 5: Test piece and its features https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-dimensional-accuracy-of-post-pr29yxsp.png Figure 8: Comparison of dimensional accuracy of post processing techniques for Alumide® test pieces https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-prepregnancy-pertussis-vaccination-in-young-39eistwcrx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scatter-plot-between-anti-pt-igg-antibodies-in-1wjyg6g3.png Figure 6: Scatter plot between anti-PT IgG antibodies in Cords of infants and that in pregnant women at delivery. Left censored observations were replaced by the individual predicted mode values obtained from the final NLMM models for data in infants and data in pregnant women. Model building and selection: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-median-time-point-with-their-iqr-whenever-the-1fwcmcgd.png Figure 1: The median time point (with their IQR) whenever the anti-PT IgG antibodies in women, after https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transplacental-transport-ratio-for-pertussis-toxin-1bqiqtk4.png Table 3: Transplacental transport ratio for Pertussis Toxin, Filamentous haemagglutinin and pertactin antibodies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-geometric-mean-concentration-gmc-with-95-confidence-z12fbe4a.png Table 2: Geometric Mean Concentration (GMC) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for antibody concentrations against Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA), Pertactin (Prn) and Pertussis Toxin (PT) in women and infants at different time points, expressed in Elisa Units per milliliter (EU/mL).There was not enough sample available anymore from all women at the delivery of the first born child. Statistical test used: unpaired t-test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scatter-plot-of-the-observed-anti-pt-igg-antibodies-27myat0y.png Figure 2: Scatter plot of the observed anti-PT IgG antibodies with respect to the predicted anti-PT IgG antibodies using the individual parameters (model in infants with only one covariate child2, output from Monolix software). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustrated-presumed-dynamics-of-antibody-levels-in-2j00clkh.png Figure 3: Illustrated presumed dynamics of antibody levels in pregnant women. Solid line (in black): The theoretical dynamics of antibodies, where it is assumed to decrease over time and then immediately increase after pregnant women received the booster vaccination. Dashed-dotted line (in red): The hypothesized dynamics of antibodies based on the collected data where it is assumed that antibodies increase between 𝑇𝑇0 and 𝑇𝑇1 with the rate ⍵ then decrease between 𝑇𝑇1 and 𝑇𝑇2 with the decay 𝛼𝛼. The ODEs for the evolution of antibodies in pregnant women are written as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-participating-1w5i6on8.png Table 1: Demographic characteristics of the participating women and infants. Statistical test used: unpaired t-test and chi-square test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-scatter-plot-between-sampled-values-of-h-and-2tlf8wbl.png Figure 4: The scatter plot between sampled values of h and sampled values of ⍵ from running model A in Monolix software. We then applied the transformation to stabilize the sampling procedure in Monolix: ⍵= ℎ . As a https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-primary-driers-on-oxidative-drying-of-high-solid-2h3kzpxi7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-of-atr-ir-study-the-infrared-1zs0ohxb.png Figure 1. Experimental set-up of ATR-IR study. The infrared radiation is absorbed due to evanescent wave, which penetrates the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evaluation-of-thickness-effect-on-a-sample-of-alkyd-18lkcsce.png Figure 3. Evaluation of thickness effect on a sample of alkyd formulation. The series of ATR-IR experiments with different film thickness are performed to approach profiling of a thick coating. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetic-parameters-kch-max-tmax-it-tconj-a-for-the-29avqije.png Table 2. Kinetic parameters (–kCH,max, tmax, IT, tconj.) a for the coating saturated with air-oxygen (30 μm-wet thickness) and half-lifes of the process (t1/2) for coatings of different film thickness.b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-metal-concentration-on-development-of-3j7yla9l.png Figure 5. Effect of metal concentration on development of selected vibration modes in alkyd coating of 180 μm-wet thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-metal-concentration-on-development-of-2wmndkid.png Figure 2. Effect of metal concentration on development of selected vibration modes in alkyd coating of 30 μm-wet thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-view-of-film-formation-process-4wouuwhz.png Figure 6. Schematic view of film-formation process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-wet-thickness-on-development-of-cis-c-c-h-3od3c4f4.png Figure 4. Effect of wet thickness on development of cis-C=C–H stretching in alkyd formulations treated with different driers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-drying-times-t-a-relative-hardness-hrel-b-obtained-13not8zd.png Table 1. Drying times (τ) a relative hardness (Hrel) b obtained for alkyd formulations of different thickness. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-pulse-frequency-on-the-one-step-preparation-of-gnron2f894 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-images-of-the-deposited-surfaces-with-various-wk5u3yd0.png Fig. 2. SEM images of the deposited surfaces with various frequencies at 30V and 50% duty ratio pulse current.(a) 5 Hz; (b) 50 Hz; (c) 500 Hz; (d) 1000 Hz; (e) 2000 Hz; (f) 3000 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2d-and-3d-contour-images-of-the-deposited-surfaces-3dloov10.png Fig. 4. 2D and 3D contour images of the deposited surfaces with various frequencies at 30V and 50% duty ratio pulse current.(a)(b) 5 Hz; (c)(d) 1000 Hz; https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-primary-network-on-performance-of-spectrum-sharing-3y38ju1i1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-op-versus-average-snr-for-case1-mx1-mx2-my1-my2-2agmfx13.png Figure 3.2: OP versus average SNR for Case1: mX1 = mX2=mY1=mY2=mZ1=mZ2 = 1, ΩX1 = ΩY1 = ΩZ1 = ΩX2 = ΩY2 = ΩZ2 = 1, and Case2: mX1 = mX2=mY1=mY2=mZ1=mZ2 = 2, ΩX1 = ΩY1 = ΩZ1 = ΩX2 = ΩY2 = ΩZ2 = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-op-versus-average-snr-when-case1-mx1-mx2-my1-my2-2n9ub31v.png Figure 3.3: OP versus average SNR when Case1: mX1 = mX2=mY1=mY2=mZ1=mZ2 = 2, ΩX1 = ΩY1 = ΩZ1 = ΩX2 = ΩY2 = ΩZ2 = 1; Case2: mX1 = mX2=mY1=mY2=mZ1=mZ2 = 2, ΩX1 = ΩX2 = 1, ΩY1 = ΩZ1 = ΩY2 = ΩZ2 = 2 and Case3: mX1 = mX2=mY1=mY2=mZ1=mZ2 = 2, ΩX1 = ΩX2 = 1, ΩY1 = ΩZ1 = ΩY2 = ΩZ2 = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-basic-relay-newtwork-2mhd474c.png Figure 2.1: Basic relay newtwork. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-interweave-spectrum-sharing-v8mdm3q1.png Figure 2.4: Interweave spectrum sharing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-underlay-spectrum-sharing-2rc6di0u.png Figure 2.3: Underlay spectrum sharing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-op-versus-average-snr-when-case1-mx1-mx2-my1-my2-3ga6o7j1.png Figure 3.4: OP versus average SNR when Case1: mX1 = mX2=mY1=mY2=mZ1=mZ2 = 2, ΩX1 = ΩY1 = ΩZ1 = ΩX2 = ΩY2 = ΩZ2 = 1; Case2: mX1 = mX2=mY1=mY2=mZ1=mZ2 = 2, ΩX1= ΩX2 = ΩY1 = ΩY2 = 1, ΩZ1 = ΩZ2 = 2 and Case3: mX1 = mX2=mY1=mY2=mZ1=mZ2 = 2, ΩX1= ΩX2= ΩY1= ΩY2 = 1, ΩZ1 = ΩZ2 = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-system-model-for-spectrum-sharing-network-8bx5hv32.png Figure 3.1: System model for spectrum sharing network considering interference from PU-Tx. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-classification-of-spectrum-sharing-18fk0vfl.png Figure 2.2: Classification of spectrum sharing. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-reduced-impact-logging-on-seedling-recruitment-in-oj9vno0bcj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-information-related-to-the-reproductive-uro82w1n.png Table 1: Summary information related to the reproductive ecology of four commercially valuable (CV) and two pioneer (PI) tree species, including seed mass, shade tolerance, primary seed dispersal vectors (u, unassisted; m, mammal; b, bat and/or bird; w, wind and/or water), seed dispersal distance, tree height at maturity and diameter at breast height (DBH) at maturity (Fournier-Origgi 2002; Gerard et al. 1996; Hammond et al. 1996; Horsley et al. 2015; ITTO 2015). Market information for the Iwokrama operations is provided for the four timber tree species, and comprises minimum cutting size (DBH) for logs, and mean annual increments (MAI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-nmds-ordination-1e4tpxdq.png Figure 4. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of seedling community structure across the two Reduced-Impact Logging (RIL) treatment and unlogged forest plots: white, unlogged; grey, RIL 1.5 year postharvest; black, RIL 4.5 years postharvest. The first NMDS axis explains 27% of the variation, and the second axis 35%. Stress = 0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-seedling-densities-per-hectare-for-each-species-2wkylxt9.png Table 3: Mean seedling densities per hectare for each species within three height classes (0-50, 50-100 and 100-150 cm) across unlogged and 1.5 year and 4.5 year postharvest logging plots. One decimal place is provided where densities are <1 seedling per hectare. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-seedling-densities-between-1-5-year-cijti0vg.png Table 2: Comparison of seedling densities between 1.5 year and 4.5 year postharvest logging treatment and control (unlogged) plots, using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U post-hoc tests, for four commercially valuable (CV) and two pioneer (PI) tree species. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-sand-particles-on-flow-structure-of-free-jet-from-4zwm3f67bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-computational-domain-11zjh54m.png Figure 5. The computational domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-boundary-conditions-1hme25be.png Figure 6. The boundary conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-axial-distribution-of-air-jet-velocity-2zmwu0m6.png Figure 10. Axial distribution of air jet velocity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-radial-profile-of-air-jet-velocity-uj-15-m-s-2ev7k63j.png Figure 10. Axial distribution of air jet velocity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-axial-profile-of-jet-velocity-for-different-9pt4d4pe.png Figure 16. Axial profile of jet velocity for different loading ratios (UJ = 47 m/s, dp= 550µm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-radial-profile-of-air-jet-velocity-uj-47-m-s-3o1grlll.png Figure 8. Radial profile of air jet velocity (UJ =47 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-radial-profile-of-air-jet-velocity-uj-32-m-s-144wzlbr.png Figure 9. Radial profile of air jet velocity (UJ =32 m/s) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-radial-profile-of-jet-velocity-at-y-d-6-uj-47-m-s-2f43b1t1.png Figure 14. Radial profile of jet velocity at y/D=6 (UJ = 47 m/s, dp= 550µm). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-soaking-time-and-steeping-temperature-on-vu76buj5g3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-soaking-time-and-steeping-temperature-on-2y2bh6hn.png Table 1. Effect of soaking time and steeping temperature on germination time, germination percentage and weight loss percentage of germinated wheat and barley https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gaba-content-of-un-germinated-and-germinated-wheat-a-2fbbplhs.png Fig. 3. GABA content of un-germinated and germinated wheat (a) and barley (b) variety at soaking times 6, 12 and 24 hr and steeping temperatures 25, 30 and 35oC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pasting-properties-of-germinated-wheat-and-barley-at-2zfuvk6o.png Table 3. Pasting properties of germinated wheat and barley at different germination conditions (Unit: RVU) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stirring-number-of-un-germinated-and-germinated-wheat-f94n9zrn.png Fig. 2. Stirring number of un-germinated and germinated wheat (●) and barley (○) at different soaking times and steeping temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reducing-sugar-content-of-un-germinated-and-germinated-14kepvk5.png Fig. 1. Reducing sugar content of un-germinated and germinated wheat (●) and barley (○) at different soaking time and steeping temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-germinated-wheat-and-barley-a874gwuq.png Table 2. Chemical composition of germinated wheat and barley at different germination conditions (Unit: %) https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-rat-spinal-cord-injury-hemisection-on-the-ex-vivo-14itrnbsvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-spinal-cord-hemisection-and-nisoxetine-on-2p6iljzx.png Table 1 Effects of spinal cord hemisection and nisoxetine on [3H]noradrenaline uptake in spinal cord slices. 1 μM nisoxetine was added to the slices during preincubation and maintained throughout the experiments. n = 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fractional-release-of-3h-noradrenaline-from-spinal-2rxke4bs.png Fig. 1. Fractional release of [3H]noradrenaline from spinal cord slices in response to electrical field stimulation at the beginning of the 3rd and 13th fractions. 1 μM nisoxetine was added to the superfusion solution starting at the 8th fraction. Non-injured tissue (a), 3 days after SCI by hemisection (b). n = 28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frs1-and-frs2-values-which-represent-the-release-1kshvbkc.png Fig. 2. FRS1 and FRS2 values, which represent the release following electrical stimulation (S1 and S2) in addition to the resting release. n = 28. Note, that after SCI by hemisection nisoxetine (1 μM) failed to increase the release of [3H]NA in response to field stimulation. [3H] release values expressed in kBq/g: FRS1 (control 4.07 ± 1.01, after SCI 4.85 ± 1.12), FRS2 (control 2.72 ± 0.80, after SCI 3.18 ± 0.66), FRS2 with nisoxetine (control 4.43 ± 0.33, after SCI 4.35 ± 0.44). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electron-microscopy-image-of-the-spinal-cord-segment-2fv6lfzp.png Fig. 4. Electron microscopy image of the spinal cord (segment L5, lamina VIII, ipsilateral to the injury). Synapses with intact morphology (arrow) were observed, even at 3 days after SCI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-following-an-action-potential-or-external-electrical-3t15ddpk.png Fig. 3. Following an action potential or external electrical stimulation, [3H]noradrenaline is released from vesicles into the synaptic cleft. Some of this compound is taken up again by noradrenaline transporters (NET), whereas the remaining [3H]noradrenaline is degraded by enzymes or washed out into the superfusion solution and collected as effluent, as in the present study (a). When reuptake is inhibited with nisoxetine, a larger part of the released transmitter is washed out, resulting in a higher value for the measured noradrenaline release (b). A similar increase occurs when the transporter function is reversed in response to spinal cord injury (c). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-socio-economic-status-on-cognitive-control-in-non-2gf0cad7si 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-response-times-rt-error-rates-and-standard-k1qzy251.png Table 2. Mean response times (RT), error rates and standard deviations (in parentheses) for bilinguals and monolinguals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-background-data-of-participants-as-2rg890vf.png Table 1. Demographic and background data of participants as means and standard deviations (in parentheses). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-response-times-rt-and-standard-deviations-in-2mewchso.png Table 3. Mean response times (RT), and standard deviations (in parentheses) for flanker type and cue type in bilinguals and monolinguals. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-straw-incorporation-and-nitrification-inhibitor-on-4sa803wzrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-soil-ammonia-and-nitrate-dynamics-in-the-black-fluvo-2307b7wg.png Fig. 1 Soil ammonia and nitrate dynamics in the black, fluvo-aquic and red soils under different fertilization treatments (a-f). Error bars present standard deviations of means (n = 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-abundance-of-denitrifiers-based-on-the-copies-of-1a6ulfji.png Fig. 4 The abundance of denitrifiers (based on the copies of nirK and nosZ genes) in black, fluvo-aquic and red soils under different fertilization treatments (a-f). Error bars present standard deviations of means (n = 4). The different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-structural-equation-model-exhibiting-the-effects-24f9absu.png Fig. 5 (a) The structural equation model exhibiting the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on N2O flux. Numbers adjacent to arrows are indicative of the effect-size of the relationship. * indicates P < 0.05; ** indicates P < 0.01; *** indicates P < 0.001. Continuous and dashed lines indicate significant and non-significant relationships, respectively. Orange, blue and grey lines indicate the colors of variables the arrows pointed to, respectively. The width of arrows is proportional to the strength of path coefficients. R2 denotes the proportion of variance explained by the model. (b) Standardized total effects (direct plus indirect effects) derived from the structural equation models depicted above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-nmds-of-nirk-a-and-1jfbj9gb.png Fig. 3 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) of nirK (a) and nosZ (b) gene-containing denitrifiers based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix of T-RFs among three soil types https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-accumulative-n2o-emission-during-the-early-growth-111wen7v.png Fig. 2 The accumulative N2O emission during the early growth stage of corn under different fertilization treatments (a-c). Error bars present standard deviations of means (n = 4). The different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments by Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-superpave-defined-restricted-zone-on-hot-mix-51jmcpftlr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mix-design-summary-15d4eezj.png Table 4: Mix Design Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gradations-for-mix-4-n8r9ye4y.png Figure 5: Gradations for Mix 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-results-of-anova-for-marshall-flow-data-y622p6q8.png Table 14: Results of ANOVA for Marshall Flow Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gradations-for-mix-3-3u61bdsp.png Figure 4: Gradations for Mix 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-interaction-between-gradation-and-mix-on-cpn-233j00gm.png Figure 15: Interaction Between Gradation and Mix on CPN RutMeter Rut Depths https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-results-of-anova-for-marshall-stability-data-uktn6c4m.png Table 13: Results of ANOVA for Marshall Stability Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-marshall-stability-and-flow-test-results-2p8cma8q.png Table 12: Marshall Stability and Flow Test Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-anova-for-vma-analysis-a5r3vv4f.png Table 5: Results of ANOVA for VMA Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-soil-boron-application-on-flower-bud-and-leaf-3bbp4ixd0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-leaf-boron-content-on-12-july-and-31-january-b-2abvb6be.png Fig. 2. Leaf boron content on 12 July and 31 January. +B treatments consisted on soil application (29 March, 2003) of 8.3 g of B (as borax, 11% of B). Vertical bars are the mean confidence limits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-b-application-effect-on-flower-bud-and-leaf-b-zic2061w.png Table 1. Soil B application effect on flower bud and leaf B concentrations. In each column, the mean values with the same letter are not statistically different by Tukey HSD test (α < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flower-bud-boron-content-on-24-may-2003-just-before-30cvp0ue.png Fig. 1. Flower bud boron content on 24 May 2003, just before blossom. +B treatments consisted on soil application (29 March 2003) of 8.3 g of B (as borax, 11% of B). Vertical bars are the mean confidence limits. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-supplementary-irrigation-and-variety-on-yield-and-2vzzlvet5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-differences-in-sunflower-variables-due-to-3oiutcc2.png Table 4: Average differences in sunflower variables due to year, variety and water level at Tel Hadya, ICARDA, Syria https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mean-grain-water-use-efficiency-kg-ha-mm-of-2pog71v4.png Table 8: Mean grain water use efficiency (kg/ha/mm) of sunflower varieties in different years and water levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-the-analyses-of-variance-of-several-e774l55f.png Table 6: Summary of the analyses of variance of several variables for two sunflower cultivars grown in three years (1995, 1996, 1997) at three water levels (rainfed, 50% and 100% supplementary irrigation) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-years-varieties-and-water-level-on-yield-1cbves9g.png Table 3: Effects of years, varieties and water level on yield and other growth factors of sunflower in three years, 1995, 1996 and 1997, at Tel Hadya, ICARDA, Syria https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-surface-coating-on-the-biodistribution-profile-of-ebh3odyhg5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gold-concentration-in-the-analyzed-rat-organs-24-h-3kjrflzr.png Table 4 Gold concentration in the analyzed rat organs 24 h after i.v. injection of the AuNPs (expressed as% of the injected dose). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gold-concentration-in-the-liver-spleen-lung-and-blood-1lrjwyen.png Fig. 2. Gold concentration in the liver, spleen, lung and blood, 24 h after i.v. injection with AuNPs (expressed as% of the injected dose). Results are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 4 per group). ⁄p < 0.05 vs. Cit-AuNPs, #p < 0.05 vs. MUA-AuNPs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representative-tem-micrographs-of-rat-liver-taken-24-h-puami9ov.png Fig. 4. Representative TEM micrographs of rat liver taken 24 h after the intravenous injection of AuNPs, showing nanoparticles entrapped in endosomes (white arrows). The top and the bottom rows of micrographs depict Kupffer cells containing Cit-AuNPs (A and B), MUA-AuNPs (C and D), CALND-AuNPs (E and F), CALNS-AuNPs (G and H) and CALNN-AuNPs (I and J). The bottom micrographs correspond to the dashed square marked in the upper row. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-tem-micrographs-of-rat-liver-taken-24-h-2wo6b7xb.png Fig. 3. Representative TEM micrographs of rat liver taken 24 h after the intravenous injection of Cit-AuNPs (A), MUA-AuNPs (B), CALND-AuNPs (C), CALNS-AuNPs (D) and CALNN-AuNPs (E). The AuNPs appeared as electron-dense deposits and images show clusters of AuNPs entrapped in hepatocytes’ endosomes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-semiquantitative-tem-analysis-of-the-amount-of-1kep7d5s.png Table 5 Semiquantitative TEM analysis of the amount of internalized AuNPs by the Kupffer cells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-the-aunps-used-in-this-study-1o2rs67w.png Table 1 Main characteristics of the AuNPs used in this study. The average size and of the suspensions was determined by GFAAS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-representative-tem-image-of-citrate-aunps-the-bar-31tsveyp.png Fig. 1. (A) Representative TEM image of citrate-AuNPs. The bar represents 200 nm; (B) hi (N = 143 particles); (C) UV/Vis spectra of colloidal solutions of AuNPs capped with citra diameters measured by DLS for AuNPs with the different capping agents. (For interpreta version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gold-distribution-in-the-analyzed-rat-organs-0-5-24-2l3eqkhm.png Table 2 Gold distribution in the analyzed rat organs 0.5–24 h after i.v. injection of Cit-AuNPs and 24 h after i.v. injection of the functionalized AuNPs (expressed as ng/g tissue). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-the-amount-of-correction-on-posterior-tibial-slope-21ugll2ext 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-en5l0ww2.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intraclass-correlation-coe-cients-for-intraobserver-1h2xmed4.png Table 2 Intraclass correlation coe cients for intraobserver and interobserver of PTS, ISI and BPI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-iy1gxora.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3os8zsas.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3eqarri7.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-temporal-aggregation-on-the-estimate-of-annual-2d5j46flzq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-underestimation-errors-in-in-the-evaluation-of-the-1shkd5qw.png Table 2 Underestimation errors (in %) in the evaluation of the annual maximum rainfall depth considering rainfall data with time of aggregation of 30 min and different durations, d, at the Bastia Umbra station (Umbria Region, Central Italy). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-underestimation-errors-in-in-the-evaluation-of-the-gf142rkd.png Table 3 Underestimation errors (in %) in the evaluation of the annual maximum rainfall depth considering rainfall data with time of aggregation of 15 min and different durations, d, at the Bastia Umbra station (Umbria Region, Central Italy). https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-the-heating-rate-on-the-microstructure-of-a-3mneqrnez8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-theoretical-contribution-in-mpa-3r7vj8yk.png Table 7 Comparison of theoretical contribution (in MPa) considering two approach vs experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-samples-densities-using-different-heating-rates-38m1zxyw.png Table 4 Samples densities using different heating rates (%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-microhardness-of-different-ods-steels-14tpy538.png Fig. 6.Microhardness of different ODS steels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-yield-strength-evaluated-by-microhardness-2c9if0nw.png Table 5 Yield Strength evaluated by microhardness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-engineering-tensile-stress-strain-curves-3j7kwocy.png Fig. 7. Comparison of engineering tensile stress-strain curves for the SPSed ODS steels. SEM micrographs showing the cracks formed during the tensile test of Zr200 ODS steel depending on tensile deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-in-wt-and-theoretical-densities-rmin-and-2tqmyely.png Table 1 Composition, in wt.%, and theoretical densities, ρmin and ρmax (g/cm 3)i, of the processed ferritic ODS alloys (powder label: P: Prealloyed, E: Elemental). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sps-cycles-modifying-the-heating-rate-1064yeay.png Table 2 SPS cycles modifying the heating rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tensile-bone-sample-geometry-that-assures-uniform-1wevx9ln.png Fig. 1. Tensile bone sample geometry that assures uniform deformation, cross section of 1× 1 mm2 [26]. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-zno-on-the-microstructure-and-electrical-4mufud62g8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-m-villegas-t-jardiel-a-c-caballero-effects-of-zno-1vcdf2ko.png Figure 2. M. Villegas, T. Jardiel, A.C. Caballero. Effects of ZnO on the microstructure and electrical properties of WO3-doped Bi4Ti3WO12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-m-villegas-t-jardiel-a-c-caballero-effects-of-zno-phbwn7bk.png Figure 8. M. Villegas, T. Jardiel, A.C. Caballero. Effects of ZnO on the microstructure and electrical properties of WO3-doped Bi4Ti3WO12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-m-villegas-t-jardiel-a-c-caballero-effects-of-zno-4mqd1jbp.png Figure 9. M. Villegas, T. Jardiel, A.C. Caballero. Effects of ZnO on the microstructure and electrical properties of WO3-doped Bi4Ti3WO12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-m-villegas-t-jardiel-a-c-caballero-effects-of-zno-2dqhclwx.png Figure 1. M. Villegas, T. Jardiel, A.C. Caballero. Effects of ZnO on the microstructure and electrical properties of WO3-doped Bi4Ti3WO12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-m-villegas-t-jardiel-a-c-caballero-effects-of-zno-1j1eansc.png Figure 5. M. Villegas, T. Jardiel, A.C. Caballero. Effects of ZnO on the microstructure and electrical properties of WO3-doped Bi4Ti3WO12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-m-villegas-t-jardiel-a-c-caballero-effects-of-zno-2l8mpv0j.png Figure 6. M. Villegas, T. Jardiel, A.C. Caballero. Effects of ZnO on the microstructure and electrical properties of WO3-doped Bi4Ti3WO12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-m-villegas-t-jardiel-a-c-caballero-effects-of-zno-31s7t4fs.png Figure 4. M. Villegas, T. Jardiel, A.C. Caballero. Effects of ZnO on the microstructure and electrical properties of WO3-doped Bi4Ti3WO12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-m-villegas-t-jardiel-a-c-caballero-effects-of-zno-3fotve3b.png Figure 7. M. Villegas, T. Jardiel, A.C. Caballero. Effects of ZnO on the microstructure and electrical properties of WO3-doped Bi4Ti3WO12 https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-the-carbohydrate-composition-of-feed-7dev9sczyq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-nitrogen-intake-and-excretion-and-slurry-n-and-17mq4ej6.png TABLE V Nitrogen intake and excretion and slurry N and ammonium-N content as well as N loss during 14 weeks of storage (n = 6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-extents-of-apparent-nutrient-digestibilities-in-s9ovbgm1.png TABLE III Extents of apparent nutrient digestibilities in the animal and degradation in the slurry during 14 weeks of storage in relation to the respective amounts initially available (n = 6) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methane-emission-from-slurry-over-a-storage-period-35u0xusg.png Figure 1. Methane emission from slurry over a storage period of 14 weeks as influenced by different experimental diets fed to dairy cows (n = 6 per dietary treatment). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-methane-emission-from-enteric-fermentation-and-34wq2mxq.png TABLE IV Methane emission from enteric fermentation and slurry storage over 7 or 14 weeks (n = 6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-total-intake-of-nutrients-average-daily-excretions-uf24zhvi.png TABLE II Total intake of nutrients, average daily excretions of dairy cows and slurry residues after 14 weeks of storage (kg cow−1 d−1, n = 6) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-composition-of-concentrates-complete-diets-and-the-1ofci6ko.png TABLE I Composition of concentrates, complete diets and the carbohydrate fraction https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-time-of-temperature-observation-and-estimation-of-39a65ebgwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-solar-radiation-model-after-before-z788al1c.png Table 2. Performance of solar radiation model after (before) removal of systematic bias and estimated by root mean square error. Model parameters are developed from the station data listed in the leftmost column. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-of-solar-radiation-model-based-on-2ubmxr7m.png Table 4. Performance of solar radiation model based on relative error [(RMSE†/mean) 100] estimates. Model parameters are developed from the station data listed in the leftmost column. (Number of observations 3287 per site.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-application-of-the-akron-co-model-eq-7-and-8-and-20nu0y72.png Fig. 5. Application of the Akron, CO, model (Eq. [7] and [8]) and resultant scatterplot of measured and estimated solar radiation for (a) Ord, NE, and (b) Nisland, SD. Body Text https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-the-three-model-performances-for-nine-10ywwj5v.png Table 7. Comparison of the three model performances for nine sites based on root mean square error (RMSE), D index, and relative error [(RMSE/mean) 100]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sensitivity-analysis-of-estimated-solar-radiation-36tubcje.png Fig. 8. Sensitivity analysis of estimated solar radiation under various maximum and minimum air temperature ranges. ICSKY, corrected https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-accuracy-of-seasonal-solar-radiation-estimates-for-39dk7hj9.png Table 5. Accuracy of seasonal solar radiation estimates for Parsons, KS, and Williston, ND. The estimates are based on Eq. [7] and [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-meteorological-stations-pressed-by-cengiz-w8krz7pr.png Fig. 1. Location of meteorological stations.pressed by Cengiz et al. (1981) as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-error-estimates-for-the-model-based-solar-1glq7lyq.png Table 6. Mean error estimates for the model-based solar radiation calculation. https://scispace.com/papers/effect-of-the-legal-system-country-of-european-commercial-5dl8vcxg5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-commercial-banks-in-each-sample-countries-5rfe9it4.png Table 2: Number of Commercial Banks in Each Sample Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparative-statistical-averages-and-medians-between-2esfxkpl.png Table 3: Comparative Statistical Averages and Medians between Banks in Distress and Those Not Forming Part of 2005-2011 (Percent). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-number-of-observations-and-the-percentage-of-3uips1vz.png Table 6: The Number of Observations and the Percentage of Banks in Distress and those which are Not Accoding the Countries of the European Union https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-result-of-random-effects-logistic-regression-3fk14so2.png Table 7: Result of Random Effects Logistic Regression According to the Legal System of the Country https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presentation-of-variables-2837rv93.png Table 1: Presentation of Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-of-the-banks-according-to-the-2qeqv4du.png Table 4: Descriptive Statistics of the Banks According to the Legal System of the Country https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pearson-correlations-test-of-the-explanatory-32bh9jut.png Table 5: Pearson Correlations Test of the Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/papers/effective-model-for-a-short-josephson-junction-with-a-phase-ww90jskkce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-energy-barrier-prefactor-p-u-given-by-eq-33-vs-kc-370ps4ui.png FIG. 5. The energy barrier prefactor P U given by Eq. (33) vs κc(θ ) (black) and the one calculated using the 0th order approximation Eq. (30) (gray). (a) shows global behavior in the interval 0 κ 2π , while (b) shows the zoom of the area close to κ = π , where multiple solutions appear. Parameters are: w = 0.5, X0 = 0.04. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-eigenfrequency-prefactor-p-2o0-given-by-eq-37-vs-9swry8s9.png FIG. 6. The eigenfrequency prefactor P 2ω0 given by Eq. (37) vs κc(θ ) given by Eq. (16) (black) and the one calculated using the 0th order approximation Eq. (36) (gray). (a) shows global behavior in the interval 0 κ 2π , while (b) shows the zoom of the area close to κ = π , where multiple solutions appear. Parameters are: w = 0.5, X0 = 0.04. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-the-system-long-josephson-junction-of-hs3qizlf.png FIG. 1. Geometry of the system: long Josephson junction of width 2w with an infinitesimal pair of current injectors situated at x = x0. The bias current density j is applied uniformly along the junction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-width-s-k-of-the-escape-current-histogram-in-mqt-888chm06.png FIG. 7. The width σ (κ) of the escape current histogram in MQT regime calculated using the 0th order approximation Eq. (40) (gray line) and the second order approximation linearized near κ = π , see Eq. (39). (a) shows the global behavior in the interval 0 κ 2π , while (b) shows the zoom of the area close to κ = π , where multiple solutions appear. Parameters are: w = 0.5, X0 = 0.04. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ground-state-phase-thgs-k-comparison-of-the-2bpw8kn5.png FIG. 3. The ground state phase θgs(κ). Comparison of the approximate dependence given by Eq. (12) (black line) with the exact dependence calculated by numerically solving γ (θ ) = 0, see Eq. (3), for each value of κ (symbols). (a) X0 = 0.10, (b) X0 = 0.04, (c) X0 = 0.04 and the region close to κ = π zoomed. In all plots the regions with a positive slope and 0 < θgs < π (green) correspond to a stable solution [energy minimum, where U ′′(θ ) = γ ′(θ ) > 0], while the regions with a negative slope for 0 < θgs < π or any slope for −π < θgs < 0 (red) correspond to an unstable one [energy maximum, where U ′′(θ ) = γ ′(θ ) < 0]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-gc0-k-and-ph0-k-curves-calculated-using-eqs-10-and-3edayiji.png FIG. 2. The γc0(κ) and ϕ0(κ) curves calculated using Eqs. (10) and (11) for (a) X0 = 0.5, (b) X0 = 0.2, and (c) X0 = 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-the-gc-k-dependence-for-w-0-5-a-x0-0-04-2y9veqfe.png FIG. 4. Examples of the γc(κ) dependence for w = 0.5. (a) X0 = 0.04, global behavior of γc(κ); (b) X0 = 0.04, zoom of the region of interest near κ = π ; (c) X0 = 0.02, zoom of the region near κ = π . Thick (red) lines/symbols show γc obtained by directly solving Eq. (15) numerically to find all θc and then calculating γc from Eq. (3). Thinner black lines/symbols correspond to the approximation given by Eq. (17). Gray dashed lines show γc0(κ), see Eq. (10), for the same parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/effective-potentials-and-elastic-properties-in-the-lattice-1tznzbhnr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-error-on-the-stress-intensity-factors-19heekhu.png Table 3. Error on the Stress Intensity Factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-length-number-and-energy-parameters-of-the-different-2x5hy9k6.png Table 1. Length, Number, and Energy Parameters of the Different Links for the D3Q26 Lattice (13 Lines) and the D3Q18 Lattice (First 9 Lines) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-degrees-of-freedom-of-the-bond-element-joining-nodes-6pfqvizo.png Fig. 1. (a) Degrees of freedom of the bond element joining nodes i and j; (b) D3Q26 unit cell; (c) simulation box https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-stresses-in-the-crack-plane-th-1-4-0-in-mode-i-b-16law5yu.png Fig. 4. (a) Stresses in the crack plane (θ ¼ 0) in Mode I; (b) normal to the crack plane (θ ¼ π=2) in Mode I; exact solution (lines) and numerical results from LEM (symbols) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-griffith-crack-length-2a-subjected-to-a-pressure-p-and-2lnpsrk3.png Fig. 3.Griffith crack (length 2a) subjected to a pressure p and a shear q and Griffith crack in LEM (na ¼ 5); white links are links with zero stiffness (ϵn;t ¼ 0) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-parameters-calibration-25dfi8ml.png Table 2. Energy Parameters Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-finite-size-effect-b-and-c-3d-and-2d-dimensionless-9j6lkz1n.png Fig. 2. (a) Finite size effect; (b and c) 3D and 2D dimensionless stiffness constants (Cij=E) as a function of the Poisson’s ratio ðn ¼ 21Þ; theoretical values (solid lines), numerical values (symbols) https://scispace.com/papers/effective-preemptive-scheduling-scheme-for-optical-burst-825ojj0i24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-burst-loss-versus-cmax-a-fpp-b-cr-fpp-35qql8vi.png Fig. 4 Burst loss versus cmax. a FPP. b CR-FPP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-unfairness-measure-pure-lauc-vf-versus-fpp-cmax-7-ty8uzr78.png Fig. 3 Unfairness measure: pure LAUC-VF versus FPP cmax=7 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-burst-loss-versus-traffic-load-a-fpp-b-cr-fpp-2psctvoi.png Fig. 5 Burst loss versus traffic load. a FPP. b CR-FPP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-unfairness-measure-versus-under-c5-3gpfnd4i.png Fig. 10 Unfairness measure versus under c5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-burst-loss-versus-traffic-load-at-w-16-2lcoeqfv.png Fig. 7 Burst loss versus traffic load at W=16. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-7-and-8-depict-the-performance-comparisons-between-3b5causp.png Fig. 7 Burst loss versus traffic load at W=16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-unfairness-measure-versus-under-c1-2xua88rq.png Fig. 9 Unfairness measure versus under c1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-negative-impact-of-the-conversion-cascading-9vyvfge1.png Table 1 Negative impact of the conversion cascading constraint on fairness U.S. LongHaul, load =0.06 . https://scispace.com/papers/effectiveness-and-cost-effectiveness-of-human-papillomavirus-3y0ztx9uwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-diagram-of-the-literature-search-and-studies-1jpj3gg7.png Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the literature search and studies included in the review. The articles (n=82) that did not meet the inclusion criteria were not human papillomavirus related, or were not cost-effectiveness or modelling studies. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-a-cognitive-behavioral-self-help-program-and-a-1askffjn4n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-diagram-of-participant-flow-through-the-pilot-2v1kc3ug.png Fig. 1. Flow diagram of participant flow through the pilot study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observed-baseline-and-posttest-depression-scores-for-aoi2phjl.png Table 2 Observed baseline and posttest depression scores for participants in self-help CBS, SWI and WLC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-change-score-and-sd-between-posttest-and-24wnbgxv.png Table 3 Average change score (and SD) between posttest and baseline depression scores. https://scispace.com/papers/effectiveness-of-virtual-reality-in-the-treatment-of-hand-1eplf7fzkp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-review-authors-judgment-of-methodological-quality-3b6mr9g3.png Fig. 2. Review authors’ judgment of methodological quality summary of the included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-international-classification-of-functioning-14nz427c.png Table 3 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health related detail reported in the included studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-included-studies-and-the-intervention-1mo7a8fu.png Table 1 Summary of the included studies and the intervention detail https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-a-combination-of-beta-carotene-and-vitamin-a-on-4m7z7ch2tc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-curves-of-the-cumulative-incidence-of-2i7t6j99.png Figure 2. Kaplan–Meier Curves of the Cumulative Incidence of Death from All Causes and Confirmed Cardiovascular Causes among Participants Receiving Active Treatment and Those Re- https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-incidence-and-estimated-relative-risk-of-lung-cancer-102yiagm.png Table 2. Incidence and Estimated Relative Risk of Lung Cancer and Death from All Causes. * https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-curves-of-the-cumulative-incidence-of-2weakcwq.png Figure 1. Kaplan–Meier Curves of the Cumulative Incidence of Lung Cancer among Participants Receiving Active Treatment and Those Receiving Placebo. Data are shown only through 51⁄2 years of follow-up because of the small numbers of participants beyond that time. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-acupuncture-on-gait-of-patients-with-multiple-1vnd8vgxt6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-mean-of-the-t25fw-results-seconds-before-and-after-27xk7egn.png Figure 20: Mean of the T25FW results (seconds) before and after each acupuncture treatment for the female sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-alt-model-taken-from-greten-2010-2k9a14n9.png Figure 7: The ALT model. Taken from Greten (2010) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-phases-wood-fire-metal-water-according-to-the-2keoe8bx.png Figure 5: Phases Wood, Fire, Metal, Water according to the functional vegetative state of the organism and its manifestations. Taken from Greten (2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-the-expanded-disability-12x7t7is.png Figure 4: Schematic representation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Taken from: http://mobilitymattersinms.ca/YourMobility/AssessmentTests (15 June 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-diseases-according-to-acupuncture-2u04td2e.png Table 1: Classification of diseases according to acupuncture clinical trials of literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-descriptive-analysis-of-t25fw-results-before-and-3m5jnrl8.png Table 10: Descriptive analysis of T25FW results before and after each acupuncture treatment for males sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-descriptive-analysis-of-t25fw-results-before-and-11kbf85q.png Table 11: Descriptive analysis of T25FW results before and after each acupuncture treatment for females sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-pathogenesis-of-1w5o9ecc.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of pathogenesis of demyelinating lesions in MS. Adapted from Fontoura (2010). https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-arm-weight-support-on-neuromuscular-activation-2vkbntekhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-structure-of-synergy-clusters-at-different-support-3m0gn192.png Fig 6 Structure of synergy clusters at different support levels. A: Controls, three synergies were able to reconstruct the data of the high and medium support, while only two were necessary for the low support level. Synergy S1 represents muscles involved in external rotation, S2, internal rotation, and S3, flexion. Synergy structure was conserved through the different support levels. B: Mild Impairment, two synergies were extracted under the high and medium support conditions, while only one synergy was identified with low support. C: Moderate-Severe Impairment, a single synergy was present across all three support levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-number-of-targets-hit-at-each-support-level-for-todrzo7v.png Fig 3 Mean number of targets hit at each support level for each participant. Colours represent impairment groups. Support level is a discrete variable and data points have been dodged horizontally for visualization only. Error bars indicate ±1 SEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anova-for-linear-mixed-models-of-background-muscle-2gfjh6zi.png Table 3 ANOVA for linear mixed models of background muscle activity in static abduction task https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-background-muscle-activity-at-each-support-level-for-1fqbtapd.png Fig 8 Background muscle activity at each support level for control, mild, and moderate-severe impairment groups during the standardised static arm abduction task. Boxplots summarise rmsEMG measured before each TMS stimulus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-normalised-iemg-for-a-control-b-mild-and-c-21so7sir.png Fig 4 Mean normalised iEMG for A: Control, B: Mild, and C: Moderate-Severe impairment groups. Each circular subplot corresponds to a reaching target as presented in Figure 2B. Muscles are represented as sectors of each circle. Support level is indicated by colour https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-anatomical-t1-weighted-images-in-the-transverse-plane-kx3r2eee.png Fig 1 Anatomical T1-weighted images in the transverse plane at the level of the lesion for each patient. Patient numbers correspond with Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-single-emg-traces-showing-motor-evoked-potentials-from-6n2nsxbe.png Fig 7 Single EMG traces showing motor evoked potentials from a representative participant using the medium support level. TMS intensity was set to task motor threshold + 25% MSO https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-1vyatrcr.png Table 1 Participant characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-chitin-nanowhiskers-on-the-thermal-barrier-44m2j5i9bl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tga-curves-for-cnw-pp-composites-a-and-cnw-mapp-3vvhtd4o.png Fig. 5 TGA curves for CNW/PP composites (a) and CNW/MAPP composites (b), and heat-cool DSC curves for CNW/PP composites (c) and CNW/MAPP composites (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structure-of-chitin-2qf43653.png Fig. 1 Chemical structure of chitin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-water-loss-vs-time-curves-of-cnw-pp-a-and-cnw-mapp-b-9zamo340.png Fig. 6 Water loss vs. time curves of CNW/PP (a) and CNW/MAPP (b) composites, and water vapor permeance vs. CNW loading of CNW/PP and CNW/MAPP composites (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-elastic-modulus-a-ultimate-tensile-strength-b-and-25b8yh87.png Fig. 7 Elastic modulus (a), ultimate tensile strength (b), and elongation strain at break (c) of CNW/PP and CNW/MAPP composites at 1, 2, 5, and 10 wt% CNW loading https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-melt-compounding-a-compression-molding-b-3oi3cu01.png Fig. 2 Schematic of melt compounding (a), compression molding (b), and injection molding (c) processing methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-extensional-viscosity-vs-elongation-time-curves-of-cnw-jgwnty24.png Fig. 8 Extensional viscosity vs. elongation time curves of CNW/PP (a) and CNW/MAPP (b) composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-a-and-sem-b-images-of-the-morphology-of-dried-cnws-2mxglmw5.png Fig. 3 AFM (a) and SEM (b) images of the morphology of dried CNWs. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-e-cigarette-flavoring-chemicals-on-human-4jscrrvbl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-summary-expressing-magnitude-of-change-3q10oivo.png Table 5) Results summary expressing magnitude of change compared to vehicle control https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-beas-2b-results-summary-3hwu6rj2.png Table 2) BEAS-2B results summary https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-flavoring-chemicals-and-their-33uvun8e.png Table 1) List of flavoring chemicals and their characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-important-physicochemical-properties-in-accurately-3gjsause.png Figure 8) Important physicochemical properties in accurately predicting a compound’s toxicity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-activated-thp-1-results-summary-3t9ci9y8.png Table 4) Activated THP-1 results summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-speculation-on-possible-mechanisms-of-elfc-toxicity-2nrkape1.png Figure 9) Speculation on possible mechanisms of ELFC toxicity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-naive-thp-1-results-summary-34wmb8ty.png Table 3) Naïve THP-1 results summary https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-freezing-on-length-and-mass-measurements-of-u1dbfuymgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-of-baltic-gadus-morhua-collected-per-month-37tvt0bc.png TABLE 1 Numbers of Baltic Gadus morhua collected per month and country. Country Month Total https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameter-estimates-for-best-fitting-anova-model-for-1ommfj89.png TABLE 5 Parameter estimates for best fitting ANOVA model for describing the variation in per cent change in mass (Δ%MTa,MTt) of Baltic Gadus morhua. Coefficient Parameter estimate Standard error t -value P Intercept (Arkona Basin, K = 0) 2.60 1.41 1.85 > 0.05 Bornholm Basin 0.50 0.57 0.89 > 0.05 Gdańsk Bay 1.82 0.48 3.79 < 0.001 Hanö Bay –0.20 0.53 –0.37 > 0.05 K –7.17 1.44 –4.98 <0 .001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-for-best-fitting-anova-model-for-19ghfvc5.png TABLE 4 Parameter estimates for best fitting ANOVA model for describing the variation in per cent change in length (Δ%LTa,LTt) of Baltic Gadus morhua Coefficient Parameter estimate Standard error t -value P Intercept (Arkona Basin, K = 0) 0.24 0.54 –0.45 > 0.05 Bornholm Basin –1.98 0.22 –9.06 < 0.001 Gdańsk Bay –1.44 0.18 –7.82 < 0.001 Hanö Bay –1.33 0.20 –6.50 < 0.001 K –1.72 0.56 –3.08 < 0.01 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-aic-values-degrees-of-freedom-and-adjusted-r2-for-j16e2jp0.png TABLE 3 AIC values, degrees of freedom and adjusted R2 for model selection of linear model for describing variation in per cent change in mass (Δ%MTa,MTt) of Baltic Gadus morhua. Values in bold give indicate the best fitting models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-se-per-cent-change-d-in-total-length-of-baltic-1qsik0j1.png FIGURE 3: Mean (± SE) per cent change (Δ%) in total length (–●–) of Baltic Sea Gadus https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aic-values-degrees-of-freedom-and-adjusted-r2-for-1s0x0316.png TABLE 2 AIC values, degrees of freedom and adjusted R2 for model selection of linear model for describing variation in per cent change in length (Δ%LTa,LTt) of Baltic Gadus morhua. Values in bold give indicate the best fitting models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relationships-between-a-the-total-length-of-1exo7fla.png FIGURE 2 The relationships between: (a) the total length of live (LTa) Baltic Sea Gadus morhua (LTa, measured or back-calculated from total length of dead cod; LTd) and total length of cod after they have been thawed from frozen (LTt; n = 925); (b) LTa and total length of thawed and gutted cod (LTtg; n = 605); (c) LTa and standard length of live cod (LSa; n = 807); (d) LTa and standard length of thawed and gutted cod (LStg; n = 605). Also, The relationship between: (e) the total mass of live Baltic Sea cod (MTa, measured or back-calculated from total mass of dead cod MTd) and total mass of cod after they have been thawed from frozen https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-geometrical-and-thermophysical-parameters-on-heat-2tk5nkbzal 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-f-x-dh-l-versus-re-uncertainties-are-in-table-3-2vb18vgo.png Figure 5 4 f + ξ · Dh/L versus Re; uncertainties are in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-determination-of-the-singular-pressure-loss-2khph4xr.png Figure 6 Determination of the singular pressure loss coefficient; uncertainties are in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-pressure-drop-parameters-for-channels-2wzfzdqt.png Table 5 Comparison of pressure drop parameters for channels of different hydraulic diameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-friction-factor-versus-reynolds-number-2j9fp4zp.png Figure 7 Friction factor versus Reynolds number; uncertainties are in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-longitudinal-conduction-comparison-of-tubes-1-11zcffa3.png Table 6 The longitudinal conduction: comparison of tubes 1 and 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-wall-temperatures-uncertainties-versus-re-tube-3-1hfpy874.png Figure 13 Wall temperatures uncertainties versus Re (tube 3); uncertainties are in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-experimental-conditions-of-previous-3gugqcya.png Table 1 Summary of experimental conditions of previous studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-convergence-toward-macro-tubes-correlations-3au9gwbq.png Figure 1 Convergence toward macro-tubes correlations. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-ingestion-of-kepone-contaminated-food-by-juvenile-2wqsrnisml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exposure-water-conditions-27-3vxks3vi.png TABLE 1 EXPOSURE WATER CONDITIONS ................ 27 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-system-used-to-maintain-blue-c-r-a-b-s-1vhm6b6t.png FIGURE 1 DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM USED TO MAINTAIN BLUE C R A B S .............14 https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-interdiffusion-on-the-luminescence-of-ingaas-gaas-52oeuodr8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-morphology-of-one-of-the-samples-used-in-this-study-38okuuf9.png FIG. 1. Morphology of one of the samples used in this study before annealing or capping layer growth as imaged using scanning probe microscopy. The width of the scan is 750 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-low-temperature-12-k-photoluminescence-spectra-showing-1bk12px8.png FIG. 3. Low-temperature~12 K! photoluminescence spectra showing emission from quantum dots in as-grown and annealed samples. The smaller peak at 1.5 eV is due to free and impurity bound excitonic transitions in the GaAs buffer layer and substrate. Peak A is from an InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot sample where the quantum dots were grown at 550 °C and the GaAs buffer and cladding layers were grown at 650 °C. This sample was then annealed for 30 s at 850 °C~peak B!, 900 °C~peak C!, and 950 °C~peak D!. The maximum blueshift observed in the sample annealed at the highest temperature is 140 meV, and the FWHM for the inhomogeneously broadened peak changes from 61 to 24 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plan-view-tem-220-dark-field-images-taken-from-an-4fkd99re.png FIG. 2. Plan-view TEM 220 dark-field images taken from an~ ! unannealed and~b! annealed at 950 °C quantum dot samples, showing that quantum dots are still present after annealing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-pl-intensity-as-a-function-of-1-kbt-for-the-2ync1aqh.png FIG. 5. Normalized PL intensity as a function of 1/kBT for the unannealed and annealed samples with PL emissions labeled ‘‘A’’ and ‘‘D’’ in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-landscape-characteristics-on-annual-survival-of-2exgek1trq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-functional-relationships-from-program-mark-for-weekly-2p7zxhbf.png FIG. 3.—Functional relationships from Program MARK for weekly survival of lesser prairie-chickens versus patch richness within individual home ranges in Kansas during 2013–2015. Patch richness is the number of patch types that occurred in each individual home range https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-mortality-risk-of-female-lesser-prairie-2gawvczr.png FIG. 5.—Predicted mortality risk of female lesser prairie-chickens for distance to fence from AndersenGill models for continuous encounter covariates during 2013–2015. Site þ distance to fence (m) predicted curve, with three different study sites in Kansas (Clark County, Red Hills, and Northwest). Predicted curves only represent mortality risk for distance to fence that we located mortalities. Mortality risk from this model indicate that lesser prairie-chickens in Northwest Kansas experience greater risk (mortality risk at distance 0¼ 2.49, 95% CI¼ 1.88–3.09) in relation to fences than lesser prairie-chicken in the Red Hills (mortality risk at distance 0¼1.32, 95% CI¼0.78–1.86) and Clark County (mortality risk at distance 0 ¼ 0.79, 95% CI ¼ 0.20–1.37) study sites https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-landscape-composition-of-study-sites-from-northwestern-8pqvnr5k.png FIG. 2.—Landscape composition of study sites from Northwestern Kansas (Gove and Logan counties; top), Clark (Clark County, Kansas; center), and Red Hills (Kiowa and Comanche counties; bottom), illustrating that study sites have different proportions of landcover types, which differed from the surrounding landscape and represented as a 50 km buffer from the centroid of the study site https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-models-in-program-mark-used-to-explain-14oomdos.png TABLE 3.—Comparison of models in Program MARK used to explain variation in annual survival of female lesser prairie-chickens in Kansas for 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. Data from three sites were included in these models; Clark County, Red Hills, and Northwest https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-ranking-for-andersen-gill-models-based-on-3bo8gzpl.png TABLE 5.—Model ranking for Andersen-Gill models, based on Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc) for 26 models, including a null model, determining the effect of distance to anthropogenic features and landcover type (grassland, cropland, and CRP) on survival of lesser prairiechickens in Kansas during 2013–2015. Models with no support (wi¼0) were not included in these results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-functional-relationships-from-program-mark-for-weekly-m6ufozov.png FIG. 4.—Functional relationships from Program MARK for weekly survival of lesser prairie-chickens versus percent crop (A) and percent grassland (B) within individual home ranges during 2013–2015 for three sites in Kansas https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-available-lesser-prairie-chicken-locations-39g1oiue.png TABLE 2.—Total available lesser prairie-chicken locations from three Kansas study sites collected using satellite transmitters (SAT-PTT) and very-high-frequency (VHF) transmitters used to calculate minimum convex polygons during 2013–2015. Reported means are the mean of number of points per bird used to calculate the MCP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-sites-in-kansas-used-to-test-the-effect-of-2khms5i4.png FIG. 1.—Study sites in Kansas used to test the effect of landscape fragmentation on survival of female lesser prairie-chickens during 2013–2015. The underlying gray region represents the current estimated lesser prairie-chicken range within Kansas. Polygons indicate our Northwest Kansas study sites in Gove and Logan counties, our Red Hills study site in Kiowa and Comanche counties, and our Clark site in Clark County, Kansas https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-leptin-resistance-on-acute-fuel-metabolism-after-5506aiehz2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-13-study-participants-in-2yijls4t.png Table 1. Characteristics of the 13 Study Participants in Basal Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cumulative-energy-expenditure-ee-and-nutrient-5oo0aucc.png Table 4. Cumulative Energy Expenditure (EE) and Nutrient Oxidation over the Four Hours after Meal Intake1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-postprandial-leptin-changes-as-compared-with-premeal-twnvwv5z.png Fig. 1. Postprandial leptin changes as compared with premeal fasting levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-association-between-serum-leptin-levels-at-four-hours-2wcofzp2.png Fig. 2. Association between serum leptin levels at four hours after meal intake with cumulative postprandial lipid oxidation by Pearson’s Correlation Test (two outliners values were removed). https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-mindfulness-on-sleep-quality-anxiety-depression-112k7j80qw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-causal-diagram-to-represent-plausible-mediation-gbbyg0ny.png Figure 1: Causal diagram to represent plausible mediation relationship between MBSR+ and treatment response https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-mbsr-on-treatment-k1fohi02.png Table 6: Direct and indirect effects of MBSR+ on treatment response https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adjusted-analyses-assessing-effects-of-group-and-3spxo08f.png Table 2: Adjusted analyses assessing effects of group and time on psychosocial factors in episodic migraine patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-counterfactual-estimates-from-the-weighting-approach-3uf78e2f.png Table 5: Counterfactual estimates from the weighting approach to assess mediation effects of anxiety, depression and stress on treatment response https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-baseline-clinical-and-demographic-variables-in-13f6544a.png Table 3: Baseline clinical and demographic variables in episodic migraine patients by treatment responder status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-causal-diagram-to-represent-plausible-mediation-17855jx8.png Figure 1: Causal diagram to represent plausible mediation relationship between MBSR+ and treatment response https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-clinical-and-demographic-variables-in-2lqa6q0l.png Table 1: Baseline clinical and demographic variables in episodic migraine patients randomized to either MBSR+ or SMH https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-livestock-grazing-on-infiltration-and-erosion-dnxr8h3ic6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-infiltration-rates-measured-august-september-1971-on-2oz48038.png Fig. 2. Infiltration rates measured August-September, 1971. on unchained woodland sampled https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-motor-imagery-training-after-chronic-complete-3grf52pfne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-data-2kl4emrk.png Table 1 Clinical data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-slices-from-the-regions-of-interest-qlkwxtna.png Fig. 1 Representative slices from the regions of interest used in data analysis, all on left side of brain: a thalamus, b globus pallidus, c posterior putamen, d foot primary sensorimotor cortex, e the subset of foot primary motor cortex known to activate (at threshold Z > 3) during right foot movement from a prior study (Cramer et al. 2005), f the subset of foot primary sensory cortex known to activate (at threshold Z > 3) during right foot movement from a prior study (Cramer et al. 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-fmri-activation-maps-are-shown-from-a-32-year-old-3npq45w0.png Fig. 2 The fMRI activation maps are shown from a 32 year-old subject 2 years after a motor vehicle accident that resulted in complete (ASIA A) C6 tetraplegia An axial section at z = +16 is presented before and after 7 days of motor imagery treatment. At baseline, pre-training, left globus pallidus activation is evident (purple arrow). Post-training, an increase in activity is apparent in both left globus pallidus (purple arrow) and posterior putamen (blue arrow). The latter Wnding was signiWcant across all treated subjects https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-neuropeptide-y-on-feeding-microstructure-2vn1i6zxep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-frequency-distribution-of-pauses-for-neuropeptide-12ov365r.png Figure 4. (A) Frequency distribution of pauses for Neuropeptide Y (NPY)–treated rats (hatched bars) and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF)treated rats (open bars) ingesting 0.3 M sucrose. Mean (plus standard error) pause counts in each pause range are plotted. Range labels have been simplified for clarity of presentation. Range categories include pauses equal to or greater than the lower value through pauses up to 1 ms less than the upper value indicated. For example, category 15–30 s includes pauses 15,000 ms through 29,999 ms. Although NPY significantly increased the number of pauses in the meal, these increases were uniform across the entire pause distribution. This is indicated in (B), which shows the same data as in (A), except that pause counts in each range are plotted as a proportion (%) of all pauses in the meal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-burst-measures-for-artificial-1i63u3yq.png Figure 3. Comparison of burst measures for artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF)- and Neuropeptide Y (NPY)–treated rats. (A) Mean (plus standard error) burst size (licks/burst) for aCSF-treated (open bars) versus NPYtreated (filled bars) rats. Burst size increased monotonically with sucrose concentration in aCSF-treated rats; however, NPY treatment significantly halved mean burst size at the 1.0 M sucrose condition. *p .02. (B) Mean (plus standard error) number of bursts in the meal was more than quadrupled for NPY-treated (filled bars) relative to aCSF-treated (open bars) rats. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mean-plus-standard-error-effects-of-neuropeptide-y-1a5hp6xz.png Figure 9. Mean (plus standard error) effects of Neuropeptide Y (NPY; filled bars) on meal duration (min), meal burst count, and mean burst size (licks/burst) versus artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) conditions (open bars) for rats drinking distilled water (dH2O), 0.1% saccharin, and 1.0 M sucrose. (A) NPY had little effect on meal duration for water and 0.1% saccharin solutions but increased the meal for the 1.0 M sucrose solution more than two-fold (*p .05). (B) Similarly, NPY failed to affect burst count in either the water or saccharin conditions, but it did significantly increase the number of bursts in 1.0 M sucrose meals (*p .03). (C) Mean burst size was not affected by NPY treatment for either water or 0.1% saccharin; however, burst size was marginally reduced in the 1.0 M sucrose condition, relative to aCSF-treated controls ( p .07). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-ingestion-rates-licks-min-for-artificial-25ty4c6e.png Figure 5. Mean ingestion rates (licks/min) for artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; open symbols) versus Neuropeptide Y (NPY; filled symbols) drug conditions in rats ingesting 0.03 M sucrose (top panel), 0.3 M sucrose (middle panel), and 1.0 M sucrose concentrations (bottom panel) for each minute of the testing session. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-plus-or-minus-standard-error-licking-rate-17kxirnv.png Figure 6. Mean (plus or minus standard error) licking rate (licks/min) across meal thirds for rats treated with Neuropeptide Y (NPY; filled symbols) and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; open symbols). Meals were temporally divided into thirds, and the mean ingestion rates (licks/ min) associated with each meal third are presented for rats ingesting 0.03 M sucrose (A), 0.3 M sucrose (B), and 1.0 M sucrose (C). The mean lick rate for each meal third is plotted at the temporal midpoint of each meal third (i.e., at 1/6th, 3/6ths, and 5/6ths of the average meal duration); it should be noted that all meals begin at the same time, Minute 1. The figure shows that for all sucrose concentrations, NPY significantly prolonged meals with a significantly slower rate of ingestion in the final third of the meal compared with aCSF control conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dissociation-of-neuropeptide-y-npy-effects-on-meal-2d3v6e8z.png Figure 8. Dissociation of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) effects on meal size and meal frequency. Mean (plus standard error) meal size and number of meals initiated under NPY (filled bars) versus artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; open bars) conditions for rats ingesting distilled water (dH2O), 0.1% saccharin, and 1.0 M sucrose. (A) NPY significantly increased meal size for 1.0 M sucrose but not 0.1% saccharin or water (*p .02). (B) NPY significantly increased the number of meals initiated for all three taste solutions (*p .02). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effects-of-npy-across-different-meal-termination-1xlsgg4m.png Figure 10. Effects of NPY across different meal termination criteria. The mean number of licks (plus or minus standard error) emitted for the 1.0 M sucrose solution prior to the expression of a pause equal to or greater than the meal-ending pause criterion value (indicated on the abscissa) is plotted for artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; open circles) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY; filled circles) conditions. NPY significantly doubled meal size when meal criteria as brief as 30 s were used, F(1, 18) 6.36, p .04, and a more-than-double but nonsignificant intake increase by NPY was also observed when the criterion was as small as 3 s ( p .12). In other words, NPY significantly increased the number of licks exhibited prior to the first pause 30 s or greater in duration, relative to control conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-burst-measures-across-meal-thirds-for-21nh0x1h.png Figure 7. Comparison of burst measures across meal thirds for rats treated with Neuropeptide Y (NPY; filled symbols) and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; open symbols). Meals were temporally divided into thirds, and the mean (plus or minus standard error) number of bursts and the mean burst duration (s) associated with each meal third are presented. The mean for each meal third is plotted at the temporal midpoint of each meal third (i.e., at 1/6th, 3/6ths, and 5/6ths of the average meal duration); it should be noted that all meals begin at the same time, Minute 1. (A) NPY increased the number of bursts in the meal in a manner that was evenly distributed across meal thirds (0.03 M 0.03 M sucrose; 0.3 M 0.3 M sucrose; 1.0 M 1.0 M sucrose). (B) The duration of bursts tended to decline or remain constant across meal thirds (0.3 M 0.3 M sucrose; 1.0 M 1.0 M sucrose). https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-photon-reabsorption-phenomena-in-confocal-micro-10pep7uv4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-pl-spectra-recorded-from-p-type-c-si-wafers-2fennuk6.png FIG. 4. Normalized PL spectra recorded from p-type c-Si wafers with different doping levels, i.e., 7 1017, 5 1018, 4 1019, and 1 1020 cm 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-correlation-between-doping-density-and-cm-of-pl-drhbn4i7.png FIG. 5. Correlation between doping density and CM of PL spectra recorded from commercial p-type c-Si wafers for two different objectives, i.e., NA 0.4 and NA 0.8. The main plot is represented on a semi-log scale. The inset shows the same two curves on a linear scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-picture-of-a-single-laser-processed-region-lpr-the-2ftb6pzc.png FIG. 6. (a) Picture of a single laser-processed region (LPR). The horizontal dashed line defines the section from which (b) the center of mass and (c) the doping density profiles were obtained. PL data were collected using two different objectives, i.e., NA 0.4 and NA 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pl-spectra-calculated-by-integrating-eq-4-for-three-2usxrrw0.png FIG. 7. PL spectra calculated by integrating Eq. (4) for three different values of back surface reflectance (i.e., 0, 0.3, and 1.0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-illustrating-the-resulting-photon-flux-of-a-1f7zwlg6.png FIG. 1. Sketch illustrating the resulting photon flux of a spontaneous emission drsp situated at a distance z from the front surface in a wafer of thickness t. The total photon flux djem takes into account reabsorption and multireflection mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-picture-of-the-back-surface-of-the-measured-sample-b-22gkdqk8.png FIG. 8. (a) Picture of the back surface of the measured sample. (b) PL intensity map recorded from the front surface. (c) Normalized averaged PL spectra corresponding to the region inside the Au deposited layer and outside the Au region (c-Si wafer). The inset shows the reflectance of both regions for the spectral range under study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-scheme-of-the-measured-ibc-solar-cell-b-11vf79a2.png FIG. 9. (a) Scheme of the measured IBC solar cell. (b) Reconstructed PL intensity map of the selected surface area under study. Both emitter and BSF regions are indicated. (c) Averaged and normalized PL spectra corresponding to the emitter and BSF regions observed in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-normalized-pl-spectra-calculated-using-eq-2-for-26dqis2a.png FIG. 2. (a) Normalized PL spectra calculated using Eq. (2) for different values of x distance (see Fig. 1). The absorption coefficient (black dashed line) for c-Si along the represented wavelengths is also shown. (b) Normalized confocal micro-PL spectra recorded from a commercial p-type c-Si wafer at different depth distances from the front surface. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-pitch-size-and-skill-level-on-tactical-behaviours-467lijnsox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-estimates-provided-with-each-of-the-ar-obedaaz5.png Figure 4. Number of estimates provided with each of the AR model orders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-exemplar-player-to-locus-distance-time-series-of-10484i76.png Figure 3. Exemplar player-to-locus distance time-series of the same midfield players presented in Fig. 2. Both exhibit a near-sinusoidal cyclical pattern in all pitches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-values-for-shannon-entropy-player-to-locus-3o72g0go.png Figure 1. Mean values for Shannon entropy, player-to-locus distance, coefficient of variation and sample entropy. Error bars represent standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exemplar-spatial-distribution-maps-of-two-players-1kwezc9r.png Figure 2. Exemplar spatial distribution maps of two players from each group. A) national-level player; B) regional-level player. Both players usually performed as midfielders in competitive matches. Arrows represent attacking direction. The national-level player presents more variability in bin occupation in relation to the regional-level player in the small and intermediate pitches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pitch-dimensions-percentages-represent-the-13jjwvr7.png Table 1. Pitch dimensions. Percentages represent the proportion of official width and length measures (105 x 68 m). https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-poorly-perfused-peripheries-on-derived-transit-2qy6n3960u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pttr-boxplots-of-the-two-recruited-study-2fozl39t.png Figure 3 PTTR boxplots of the two recruited study populations. The two boxplots show that no significant difference (p)0.05) in the mean pulse transit time ratio (PTTR) between subjects with poorly perfused peripheries and those with normally perfused peripheries. However, a notable difference (p-0.05) is evident in the PTTR variances. This suggests that a cold periphery affects the PPG waveforms and PTT measurements, but has a limited effect on the PTTR parameters. This is likely due to the similar methodology for PTTR and the ankle brachial index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-signal-optimization-of-the-ppg-waveforms-acquired-jf5sgztg.png Figure 2 Signal optimization of the PPG waveforms acquired from a cold periphery. The diagram illustrates the differences in PPG signal amplitude obtained from a normally perfused periphery (top plot) and a poorly perfused periphery (middle plot). The bottom plot shows the effect on PPG signals of zero-phase filtration with minimal phase shifts or induced variability. Statistical analyses reveal that the timing characteristics are highly significantly correlated with those acquired from the ECG signals. This process is necessary as location of the PPG waveform peak obtained from a cold periphery is rather difficult. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-and-protocol-of-the-study-the-22zobpvl.png Figure 1 Experimental set-up and protocol of the study. The subject first adopted a supine posture on the bed provided and rested for 5 min prior to any test activity to allow for cardiovascular stabilization. A photoplethysmography (PPG) probe was applied simultaneously to the index fingers and second toes of the subject. All PPG signals were recorded in conjunction with electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The limbs measured were kept as parallel to the body as possible to maintain a consistent hydrostatic pressure acting on blood pressure for all limbs measured w15x. The subject was then requested to breathe normally whilst all parameters were recorded for another 5 min. Data from the first minute were discarded to ensure that ample time was given for the subject to accustom to the measuring apparatus. Then 50 consecutive readings free from any artifact were simultaneously selected for all five physiological parameters for further analysis. This procedure was standardized for both groups of subjects. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-power-truncation-on-the-insertion-loss-and-28band0hua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-solid-line-and-measured-s-central-peak-2138z48j.png FIG. 2. Calculated~solid line! and measured~s! central peak insertion losses dependence on the number of grating waveguides for the same d shown in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-output-spectra-of-a-single-channel-from-a-folded-awg-2ypfktx6.png FIG. 1. Output spectra of a single channel from a folded AWG as a func of number of grating waveguides. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-post-training-novelty-exposure-on-contextual-fear-2n4pdpf71j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contextual-fear-conditioning-paradigm-and-fear-96m2eo1m.png Figure 1. Contextual fear-conditioning paradigm and fear-potentiated startle results. a) Timeline of experimental design. After context conditioning, subjects either played a novel VR game or viewed footage of the game in 2D. Subjects returned 24 hours later for a test of contextual fear memory. b) Line plots reflecting mean startle responses in the first half (early) and second half (late) of the contextconditioning task for threat (CTX+, red), safe (CTX-, blue), and neutral contexts (ITI, grey) during Day 1 and 2 for both groups. Context conditioning resulted in stronger electromyography responses (i.e. eye-blink magnitude) to startle probes within the rooms compared to ITI during late Day 1 probes for both groups. Day 2 testing resulted in greater startle responses to late CTX+ probes compared CTXor hallway, but with no difference between groups. Error bars = s.e.m. ***p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-posture-on-the-physiology-of-gastric-emptying-a-3ldszlehxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-stomach-volume-meal-volume-and-intragastric-air-743glozj.png Table I. Stomach volume, meal volume and intragastric air volume in the fasted condition and after ingestion of 300 ml water in SP and UDP. Gastric relaxation and the difference between fasted and initial postprandial air volume after ingestion for SP and UDP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-gastric-emptying-curves-for-seated-position-sp-1dcbkt88.png Figure 4. a. Gastric-emptying curves for seated position (SP) and upside-down position (UDP). The regression was fitted to the first 25 min because negligible emptying occurred after this time (i.e. a small gastric residual was present). Measurement error of gastric volumes is low. The standard deviations provided reflect the large inter-individual variation in gastric emptying. b. Proximal and distal meal volumes over the 30-min study period (expressed as a percentage of the total meal volume) in SP (left ) and UDP (right ). In SP, water was retained in both the proximal and distal stomach and emptied from both compartments in an exponential fashion. In UP, almost all the water was retained in the proximal stomach with only a minimal amount seen in the distal stomach. The meal emptied in a linear fashion from the proximal stomach, whereas the (small) volume in the distal stomach remained constant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-total-stomach-volume-in-fasting-state-t-2-min-and-2t8aqyi0.png Figure 5. a. Total stomach volume in fasting state (t / 2 min) and over 30 min postprandial for seated position (SP) and upside-down position (UDP). Similar dynamics were observed for the stomach volume curves despite a difference in the emptying dynamics. b. Intragastric air in fasting state (t / 2 min) and during the first 20 min of gastric emptying (left ). After the initial increase in gastric air volume in UDP, the air was continuously emptied into the small intestine within 15 min. Frequency curves, i.e. mean (9/SD) contraction frequencies (1/min) over the 30 min study period in SP and UP (right ). In both positions the contractile frequency increased over the first 5 min following meal ingestion, after which the frequency remained stable. Over the first 20 min, the contractile frequency in UDP was slightly lower than that in SP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-0-5-t-open-configuration-mri-system-with-a-10driq7m.png Figure 1. a. The 0.5 T open configuration MRI system with a volunteer in seated position (SP) (left ) and upside-down position (UDP) (right ). b. In UDP the long axis of the stomach was always at an angle steeper then 458 to the horizontal scanner table. The standard abdominal surface coil was fixed around the subject’s abdomen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-consecutive-sagittal-images-of-mri-volume-scans-1zs03rq4.png Figure 2. a. Consecutive sagittal images of MRI volume scans from a volunteer in seated position (SP) (upper panel ) and upside-down position (UDP) (lower panel ), respectively. Stomach contours are outlined in each image. The images demonstrate the prominent difference in intragastric meal (water) and air distribution (F: feet direction, H: head direction). b. Oblique coronal images of motility scan from the same volunteer in SP (upper panel ) and UDP (lower panel ). Peristaltic contraction waves (white arrows ) and the position of the pylorus are indicated in the images. The UDP motility image nicely depicts that gastric air was confined to the distal stomach in this position (F: feet direction, H: head direction). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-3d-contour-plot-of-initial-postprandial-stomach-1d8k3ndr.png Figure 3. a. 3D contour plot of initial postprandial stomach volume of a volunteer in seated position (SP) (left ) and upside-down position (UDP) (right ). The division into proximal and distal stomach volume is indicated. b. Corresponding 3D visualizations of initial stomach (white) and meal (red ) volumes. The meal volumes (red ) were down-scaled to prevent overlapping of rendered surfaces. The 3D representation was performed to provide qualitative information on intragastric distribution and stomach shape. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-processing-conditions-on-the-physical-and-3kmnmad5zt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-carbon-aerogels-and-their-characteristics-1d7ykssd.png Table 1. List of carbon aerogels and their characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-specific-and-volumetric-capacitance-densities-f-g-37d2lhs8.png Figure 1. Specific and volumetric capacitance densities (F/g and F/cc, respectively) of RF carbon aerogel composites as a function of pyrolysis temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-repeated-local-heat-therapy-on-skeletal-muscle-37z5m1dsva 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-maximal-citrate-synthase-activity-and-the-17jdyj3i.png Table 2. Changes in maximal citrate synthase activity and the content of OXPHOS protein complexes https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-pulsing-of-the-target-tone-on-the-audibility-of-2q0vn05mbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scores-for-experiment-1-averaged-across-all-inner-2c7s5t1y.png FIG. 2. Scores for experiment 1 averaged across all inner partials and plotted as a function of the spacing of the partials. The parameter is the pulsing pattern of the probe tone and the target tone within the complex, as indicated in the key. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-med-plotted-against-the-corresponding-mean-d-value-1mg23mvs.png FIG. 7. The MED plotted against the corresponding mean d value obtained for each pulsing condition and spacing in experiment 2. Error bars show the standard deviation of the MED across partials 3, 6, and 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-fig-2-but-showing-results-for-experiment-2-sv7schbu.png FIG. 4. As Fig. 2, but showing results for experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-as-fig-1-but-showing-scores-for-experiment-2-in-which-3ddjeues.png FIG. 3. As Fig. 1, but showing scores for experiment 2, in which subj https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ir-for-the-complex-tones-used-in-four-different-3tuqdmbj.png FIG. 5. IR for the complex tones used in four different conditions, with the sixth partial pulsed. Time is plotted on the x-axis, channel CF is plotted on the y-axis, and darkness-brightness shows excitation in MUs see scale on the right . The spacing of the partials was either 0.75E left or 1E right . The two pulsing conditions were 40-ms ramps, 0-ms gaps top or 20-ms ramps, 100-ms gaps bottom . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-med-plotted-as-a-function-of-erbn-spacing-with-1nnga8kl.png FIG. 6. The MED plotted as a function of ERBN-spacing, with pulsing condition as parameter. The data points are based on the mean values of the MED obtained when partial numbers 3, 6, and 9 were pulsed. Error bars show the standard deviation of the MED across the three partials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scores-averaged-across-subjects-for-experiment-1-the-edadaz0f.png FIG. 1. Scores averaged across subjects for experiment 1. The percentage partials . Within each panel, the parameter is the pulsing pattern of the pro top-right . Each panel shows results for one spacing of the partials, as indic https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-quadratic-and-cubic-nonlinearities-on-a-perfectly-4fccx5zzee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-steady-state-amplitude-frequency-relations-where-3im4d37s.png Figure 3: Steady-state amplitude-frequency relations where the effects of quadratic and cubic nonlinearities cancel out for a < 1 (k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0.1) for (a) sub- and (b) superthreshold pumping where the insert in (a) shows the response x(t) and the insert in (b) is a blow up. Parameter values and markers as used in Fig. 1 unless stated otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-steady-state-amplitude-frequency-relations-for-fb57t9x6.png Figure 4: Steady-state amplitude-frequency relations for parametric excitation amplitude for (a) linear (k2 = k3 = 0) (b) pure cubic nonlinearity (k2 = 0, k3 = 0.5) (c) pure quadratic nonlinearity (k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0) (d) quadratic and cubic nonlinearities (k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0.08). Parameter values and markers as used in Fig. 1 unless stated otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-steady-state-amplitude-frequency-relations-with-3qplctyu.png Figure 2: Steady-state amplitude-frequency relations with mixed quadratic and cubic nonlinearities (k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0.05) for (a) sub- and (b) superthreshold pumping. Parameter values and markers as used in Fig. 1 unless stated otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-steady-state-subthreshold-amplitude-phase-relations-38je69fz.png Figure 5: Steady-state subthreshold amplitude-phase relations for (a) linear (k2 = k3 = 0), pure quadratic (k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0), pure cubic (k2 = 0, k3 = 0.1), and mixed quadratic and cubic nonlinearities (k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0.1) (b) mixed quadratic and cubic nonlinearities (k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0.08). (Ω = 1.) Parameter values and markers as used in Fig. 1 unless stated otherwise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-steady-state-amplitude-frequency-relations-showing-3f4e1a5o.png Figure 1: Steady-state amplitude-frequency relations showing (a) subthreshold (p = 0.01) quadratic (k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0) and cubic (k2 = 0, k3 = 0.5) responses, and their respective backbones (b) linear (k2 = k3 = 0) superthreshold (p = 0.1) response (c) pure cubic (k2 = 0, k3 = 0.3) superthreshold response (d) pure quadratic (k2 = 0.3, k3 = 0) superthreshold response. Solid blue curve and solid red curve with squares respectively denote stable and unstable approximate analytical results. Solid black curves denote backbones. Circles denote results obtained by direct numerical integration of (1). (φ = −π/4, β = 0.01, d = 0.01). https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-riparian-buffers-on-nitrate-concentrations-in-edfx7pyzbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-land-cover-fraction-buffer-wro7x2rj.png TABLE 1. Summary statistics for land cover fraction, buffer metrics, and average stream nitrate concentration for study watersheds in the Coastal Plain (CP, n¼111), Piedmont (PD, n ¼ 113), and Appalachian Mountain (AM, n ¼ 97) physiographic provinces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-province-means-for-components-of-stream-nitrate-in-2ipq1s8o.png TABLE 4. Province means for components of stream nitrate in the study watersheds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-watersheds-black-shading-in-three-major-2j2koi3o.png FIG. 1. Study watersheds (black shading) in three major physiographic provinces of the Chesapeake Bay basin. The upper inset shows the location of the Chesapeake basin (shaded) within the eastern United States. The lower inset expands one watershed cluster to show watershed boundaries, streams, and sampling points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-independent-variables-and-performance-measures-used-3d2797v8.png TABLE 2. Independent variables and performance measures used in models predicting stream nitrate concentrations from land cover proportions and physiographic province only (Eq. 2) and for models that also account for riparian buffers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-province-average-cropland-proportions-in-the-study-2mgy085z.png FIG. 3. Province average cropland proportions in the study watersheds. The average fraction of watershed occupied by unbuffered cropland (black) is the province average of buffer gap fraction for cropland (FGAPc) times the proportion of all cropland (Eq. 5) in each watershed. The upper portion of each bar is buffered cropland (gray), and the top of a bar gives the province average total cropland proportion. Key to provinces: CP, Coastal Plain; PD, Piedmont; AM, Appalachian Mountain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-province-averages-of-the-components-of-predicted-3mojgs0g.png FIG. 6. Province averages of the components of predicted stream nitrate for the study watersheds. Text near the Piedmont (PD) bar labels the four components (N1–N4, Eq. 13) and three quantities from summing those components (Table 4). The text at the right of the panel identifies average predicted stream nitrate concentrations with no cropland and with cropland under three scenarios of different buffer prevalence. Key to provinces: CP, Coastal Plain; AM, Appalachian Mountain; All, the average of all the study watersheds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-values-and-95-confidence-limits-for-coefficients-of-1trvwuhy.png FIG. 4. Values and 95% confidence limits for coefficients of the land proportion model (LP, Eq. 2) and MA models (MA, Eq. 7). Coefficients have units of mg N/L per unit of watershed proportion occupied by cropland. Cropland coefficients apply to all cropland in both the LP and MAmodels and also represent buffer leakage (Eq. 10) in the MA model. The MA model also has a coefficient for the additional nitrate lost from unbuffered cropland, and this coefficient measures absolute nitrate removal potential (Eq. 9). The sum of the cropland and unbuffered cropland coefficients measures input from cropland to buffers and output from unbuffered cropland to streams (Eq. 11). Coefficients for developed land and grassland (not shown) are low and not statistically significant (Table 3). Key to province abbreviations: CP, Coastal Plain; PD, Piedmont; AM, Appalachian Mountain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-for-five-models-predicting-stream-te7h802m.png TABLE 3. Coefficients for five models predicting stream nitrate concentrations and for the average of the five models (MA, weighted by Akaike weights, Table 2). https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-ruminally-protected-methionine-and-or-4fs137l1lf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-analysis-of-ingredients-used-in-the-total-3ubpkjpz.png Table 1: Chemical analysis of ingredients used in the total mixed rations (g/kg dry matter) fed to the treatment groups* https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-urine-analysis-for-cows-fed-rations-with-different-1uh9su9e.png Table 4: Urine analysis for cows fed rations with different ruminally protected amino acids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-free-amino-acid-and-ammonia-concentrations-ug-ml-in-krlq6bu3.png Table 5: Free amino acid and ammonia concentrations (µg/ml) in plasma of cows fed rations with different ruminally protected amino acids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-production-performance-and-body-scores-for-cows-fed-2zmntomi.png Table 3: Production performance and body scores for cows fed rations with different ruminally protected amino acids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-partial-net-energy-balance-for-cows-fed-rations-with-13tcns3e.png Table 6: Partial net energy balance for cows fed rations with different ruminally protected amino acids*. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-rhythm-on-memory-for-spoken-sequences-a-model-and-2y0lji58pe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportions-of-transpositions-within-and-between-227a0ru7.png Table 1 Proportions of transpositions within and between groups for Experiment 1 as a function of list-type and secondary-task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-serial-position-curves-from-experiment-2-as-a-3208qsa6.png Figure 8. Serial position curves from Experiment 2 as a function of list-type, for four of the 28 patterns of grouping tested: (a) 2-6-1, (b) 4-4-1, (c) 2-3-4, and (d) 3-3-3. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-4-effect-of-varying-maximum-frequency-fmax-on-fit-2b2ol42y.png Figure B.4 Effect of varying maximum frequency (fmax) on fit to data from experiment 2. Not that fmin is fixed at 0.1Hz and the filter depth (n) is fixed at 15. A large number of retrieval attempts are simulated under varying levels of noise. Upper plot shows the total squared error (discrepancy between observed and expected response proportions) collapsing over all grouping conditions and serial positions in experiment 2. The lower plot shows the negative log-likelihood of the data given the model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-correct-responses-in-experiment-2-as-a-2z1ug502.png Table 2 Proportion of correct responses in Experiment 2 as a function of list-type and pattern of grouping. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-sarcopenic-obesity-on-metabolic-syndrome-in-43esw2zpy0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-body-composition-and-metabolic-1gmzktqd.png Table 2. Differences in Body Composition and Metabolic Component according to Sarcopenia & Obesity Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-adjusted-odds-ratio-metabolic-syndrome-according-to-171o0t4v.png Table 4. Adjusted Odds Ratio Metabolic Syndrome according to Sarcopenia & Obesity Status https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-metabolic-component-and-metabolic-37qd3gyh.png Table 3. Frequency of Metabolic Component and Metabolic Syndrome according to Sarcopenia & Obesity Status https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-spatial-aggregation-on-the-characteristics-of-428pc858i9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-moving-sample-average-for-the-4-greatest-od-1avm5z6s.png Figure 5: The moving sample average for the 4 greatest OD pairs. Prefix length l = 4 (upper) and l = 8 (lower). Direction d0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-testing-diurnal-variation-right-side-od-pairs-1ofclcu9.png Figure 6: Testing diurnal variation. Right side: OD pairs correlation to the total link traffic as a function of the traffic volume. Left side: Average correlation of OD pairs with different prefix lengths l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-testing-gaussianity-distribution-of-r2-values-for-12draayv.png Figure 8: Testing Gaussianity: Distribution of r2 values for OD pairs of different traffic volumes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-testing-gaussianity-goodness-of-fit-values-r2-as-a-1wcxhvex.png Figure 7: Testing Gaussianity: Goodness of fit values r2 as a function of OD pair traffic volume. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-testing-gaussianity-average-od-pair-traffic-volumes-20yvos60.png Figure 9: Testing Gaussianity: Average OD pair traffic volumes and goodness of fit values r2 as a function of prefix length l. Direction d0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mean-variance-relation-in-log-log-scale-left-r2-0-1zb7rrq6.png Figure 10: Mean variance relation in log-log scale. Left: r2 = 0.95, right: r2 = 0.80. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-one-day-traffic-trace-of-the-studied-link-left-side-3fefu4cq.png Figure 1: One day traffic trace of the studied link. Left side: direction d0, right side: direction d1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-side-the-volumes-of-the-greatest-od-pairs-as-a-rhdnj93z.png Figure 4: Left side: The volumes of the greatest OD pairs as a function of prefix length l. Right side: The percentage of traffic of 15 greatest OD pairs as a function of l. Direction d0. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-temperature-on-heat-shock-responses-and-survival-pv9ljqoxhc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-generalized-linear-models-testing-the-3gypmtns.png Table I. Results of Generalized Linear Models testing the effects of test temperature (TT) and acclimation temperature on the survival of two crustacean species from Marion Island. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measured-survivorship-of-a-the-amphipod-hyale-3ibt9isx.png Fig. 2. Measured survivorship of a. the amphipod Hyale https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-representative-western-blot-proteins-from-isopod-1pghy1tw.png Fig. 4. a. Representative Western blot proteins from isopod Exosphaeroma gigas samples run simultaneously on two gels, and blotted https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-levels-of-heat-shock-protein-70-hsp70-shown-394ma7eb.png Fig. 5. Relative levels of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) (shown https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temperature-profiles-for-a-semi-exposed-and-b-3evzexhh.png Fig. 1. Temperature profiles for a. semi-exposed, and b. submerged microsites of the intertidal rocky shore of Trypot Beach, Marion Island. Temperatures ranged from -1.4 to 14.28C (mean ± SD of 5.6 ± 2.38C) and 2.1 to 9.18C (5.7 ± 0.88C) for exposed and submerged sites, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-western-blot-of-proteins-o7hb5s90.png Fig. 3. Representative Western blot of proteins https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-the-audiovisual-conflict-on-auditory-early-50vlnc69mq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electrode-groups-for-statistical-analyses-the-64-1oqtrfsk.png Fig. 4. Electrode groups for statistical analyses. The 64 electrodes are first divided in two groups: midlines and laterals. The midlines are then subdivided in two groups (red circles; FC: fronto-central; PO: parieto-occipital). The laterals are divided in two groups (left and right) and then in three groups (colored rectangles; FC: fronto-central; CP: centro-parietal; PO: parieto-occipital). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-anova-results-on-the-mean-n100-amplitudes-76sedt93.png Table 1 Main ANOVA results on the mean N100 amplitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-behavioral-results-left-mean-reaction-times-as-a-3680dut6.png Fig. 5. Behavioral results. Left: Mean reaction times as a function of the Type of sound and the Congruency. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Right: Accuracy as a function of the Type of sound and the Congruency. Error bars represent the quartile of the median. *: p b .05, NS: non-significant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-erp-analyses-a-the-n100-is-significantly-larger-for-33s3sq5h.png Fig. 6. ERP analyses. a. The N100 is significantly larger for the alarm than for the clearance sound. b. A main effect of the congruency leads to lower N100 amplitude for audiovisual incongruent situations. c. In addition, the congruency effect on the N100 is present within the alarm presentation whereas there is no significant difference within the clearance-related N100. d. ERP graphical representation for all conditions over the Cz electrode shows a congruency effect on the alarm-related N100 only. Results for main and interaction effects are shown for the averaged lateral electrodes. *: p b .05, ***: p b .001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-landing-task-a-two-runways-left-and-right-are-1o5imuu0.png Fig. 1. The landing task. a. Two runways (left and right) are visible during the task. The yellow reticule indicates the runway that the plane is heading for (the right one in this example). Three visualflying instruments (numbered 1, 2 and 3 in gray) surround the central video. The instrument 1 is themain visual instrument and represents the two runway accessibility. The runway that is accessible for landing is in green and inaccessible in red. Instruments 2 and3 are generic and aremadeof two zones: the green zone refers to ‘land’ and the red zone refers to ‘go-around’. The value of these instruments is pointed by the black arrow. In addition, two sounds are presented: a clearance sound (75% of overall sounds at 78 dB SPL) indicates that the landing is possible and an alarm sound (25% of overall sounds at 78 dB SPL) indicates that a go-aroundmust be performed. a, b and c. The participants are instructed to decidewhether the landing is possible or not according to the following audiovisual rule: if themain visual instrument and at least one of the two generic visual instruments provide the same information (‘land’ or ‘go-around’), the decision can be done according to this dominant visual parameters only (visual-based responses). If the main instrument provides an information inconsistent with both the two generic-instrument indication, visual instruments are considered as failing and the decision has to be done according to the auditory signal (clearance = ‘land’ and alarm = ‘go-around’; auditory-based responses). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-video-sequence-a-video-lasts-10-s-it-starts-with-a-1-5-2haztv8y.png Fig. 2. Video sequence. A video lasts 10 s. It starts with a 1.5 non-active phase (all instruments turned ‘off’) then every 1.5 s, a 1.5 s active phase (instruments ‘on’) is presented for a total of 3 active phases per video. For each active phase the participant has to decide if he/she can land or not. The video is not influenced by the participant's responses. During the 10 s a white noise (60 dB) is continuously broadcasted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-audiovisual-conflict-according-to-the-type-of-pkwqve6s.png Fig. 3. The audiovisual conflict. According to the type of sound (Alarm vs. Clearance sound) and the status of the main instrument (red vs. green), audiovisual presentations can be congruent or incongruent. For instance, the occurrence of an alarm when the main instrument indicates a possible landing constitutes an incongruent trial whereas the occurrence of a clearance sound with a clear runway refers to an audiovisual congruent trial. https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-thermal-recycling-temperatures-on-the-y2u5xl3dbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-debonded-microbond-sample-fiber-not-thermally-3ve3vpuc.png Figure 4. Debonded microbond sample (Fiber not thermally preconditioned) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-load-vs-extension-of-sample-with-as-received-fiber-26e9ruvz.png Figure 5. Load vs. extension of sample with “as received” fiber and thermally preconditioned fiber (500 °C, 25min) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fracture-surface-of-a-pp-composites-reinforced-with-1unywb0x.png Figure 9. Fracture surface of a PP composites reinforced with as received fibers and thermally preconditioned fibers (200°C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-apparent-ifss-between-thermally-preconditioned-320vpdip.png Figure 8. Apparent IFSS between thermally preconditioned fibers and PP with added MAPP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-stress-strain-curves-of-composites-based-on-7i9vmotr.png Figure 13. Stress-strain curves of composites based on thermally preconditioned glass fibers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-microbond-sample-preparation-3p8em9jz.png Figure 1. Microbond sample preparation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermal-gravimetric-analysis-of-chopped-glass-b7czia2o.png Figure 2. Thermal gravimetric analysis of chopped glass fibers with PP optimized sizing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maximum-tensile-stress-versus-fiber-preconditioning-1ohxy7z6.png Figure 7. Maximum tensile stress versus fiber preconditioning temperature https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-unsaturation-of-c2-and-c3-hydrocarbons-on-the-18bmuw2wfp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-concentrations-of-five-fuel-molecules-tested-ppm-r404vvqu.png Table 3: The concentrations of five fuel molecules tested (ppm is on molar basis) 142 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normalised-total-pah-concentrations-a-gas-phase-mg-of-2ze8baey.png Fig. 7: Normalised Total PAH Concentrations: a) Gas Phase (μg of PAH/m3 of gas) b) Particle Phase (μg of 577 PAH/m3 of gas) c) Particle Phase (ng of PAH/ mg of soot) 578 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-soot-mass-and-soot-concentrations-from-filter-d1onhn1a.png Table 4: soot mass and soot concentrations from filter gravimetric measurements 306 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-normalised-particle-phase-pahs-of-c2-and-c3-fuels-x-2euba2np.png Table 6: Normalised Particle Phase PAHs of C2 and C3 Fuels (x 10 ng of PAH/mg of soot) (*bdl denotes ‘below detection limit’ of the PAH) 386 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-16-priority-pahs-and-their-carcinogenic-u12bu0si.png Table 1: List of 16 Priority PAHs and their Carcinogenic groups as classified by US EPA (1993) 87 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-normalised-weighted-carcinogencity-a-weighted-zxxnab7g.png Fig. 8: Normalised Weighted Carcinogencity: a) weighted carcinogenicity of PP PAHs (μg PAH/m3 gas) b) 642 weighted carcinogenicity of PP PAHs (μg PAH/ g soot) 643 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-number-of-pah-rings-of-c2-and-c3-fuels-a-ethane-b-2zb9z1c3.png Fig. 6: Number of PAH rings of C2 and C3 Fuels: a) Ethane b) Ethylene c) Acetylene d) Propane e) 546 Propylene 547 Fig.6d and 6e show that propane and propylene respectively had lower concentrations of two 548 ring PAHs when compared with the C2 fuels; the concentrations of the two ring PAH in the C3 549 fuels also increased somewhat with increase in unsaturation of the fuel particularly at the lower 550 temperature of 1050 oC. The concentrations of four ring PAHs (pyrene, fluorathene, chrysene 551 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gas-phase-gp-and-particle-phase-pp-pah-ratios-of-c2-2n4y08ro.png Fig. 3: Gas phase (GP) and Particle phase (PP) PAH Ratios of C2 and C3 Fuels: a) Ethane b) Ethylene c) 405 Acetylene d) Propane e) Propylene (“Ratio” on the Y- axis refers to the fractional contribution of GP and 406 PP PAHs to the total PAHs, hence, GP ratio + PP ratio = 1) 407 https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-wearing-face-masks-under-moderate-physical-effort-52sn4lwl0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-before-and-after-moderate-physical-2xd5uvuo.png Table 1: Mean values before and after moderate physical effort, n = 10 https://scispace.com/papers/effects-of-wind-damage-on-the-optimal-management-of-boreal-4mb6xnjvzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optimization-problems-658-1bfejsls.png Table 3. Optimization problems. 658 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-stand-height-difference-between-adjacent-xg8qwz54.png Figure 5. Mean stand height difference between adjacent stands under four management plans 696 from 2015 to 2045 (see Table 3 for more detailed explanations of the management plans) 697 under the current and gradually changing climate. 698 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-area-3229nxef.png Table 1. Characteristics of the study area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thinned-and-clear-cut-areas-under-the-current-25cq78re.png Figure 6. Thinned and clear cut areas under the current climate for the three 10-year periods 701 in four management plans (see Table 3 for more detailed explanations of the management 702 plans). 703 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-the-method-developed-for-analyzing-3uigfw2e.png Figure 1. Flow chart of the method developed for analyzing the effects of wind damage. 671 Numbers correspond to the numbering of the main steps explained in the text 672 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-bias-in-the-components-of-the-total-carbon-balance-xk6t77o5.png Figure 9. Bias (%) in the components of the total carbon balance of forestry (living biomass, 719 forest soil, and wood products) caused by the omission of wind damage from calculations 720 (positive bias means overestimation) under the current and gradually changing climate in four 721 management plans. 722 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-carbon-balance-of-forest-biomass-forest-soil-and-xjfqcicw.png Figure 7. Carbon balance of forest biomass, forest soil, and wood products and total carbon 707 balance of forestry under the current and gradually changing climate in four management 708 plans (see Table 3 for descriptions of the management plans). 709 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-principle-of-simulating-wind-damage-the-37r9d3kg.png Figure 3. The principle of simulating wind damage. The critical wind speed (CWS) is 681 calculated for each edge of the subject stand using the characteristics of both the subject and 682 the adjacent stand. Then, the probability of having wind speeds higher than CWS (P) is 683 calculated. Damage occurs within the border zone (gray areas). The width of the border zone 684 is equal to the average tree height of the subject stand. The proportion of damaged trees 685 within the border zone is equal to 0.03 × P, where P is the probability of wind speed higher 686 than CWS and 0.03 is an empirical parameter. H is the mean tree height of the stand. 687 https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-and-safety-of-mefloquine-artesunate-mefloquine-lia1ndf6ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-clinical-symptoms-recorded-at-3-48-hour-3ctih4no.png Table 5. Summary of clinical symptoms recorded at 3-48 hour after drug administration, stratified by treatment group https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-of-bio-and-neurofeedback-for-depression-a-meta-48s6khxjks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-moderators-level-2-21pbpgbs.png Table 6. Moderators level 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-within-effect-sizes-of-neuro-and-biofeedback-for-qui39b7l.png Table 2. Within effect sizes of Neuro- and biofeedback for depressive symptomatology in all conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-between-effect-sizes-of-neuro-and-biofeedback-for-2kk8tk8h.png Table 3. Between effect sizes of Neuro- and biofeedback for depressive symptomatology in all conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-moderators-between-analysis-level-1-3eblgu2s.png Table 4. Moderators between analysis level 1. https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-assessment-of-pichia-guilliermondii-strain-z1-a-new-rzlxjblrvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-growth-kinetic-of-p-guilliermondii-strain-z1-at-ons74xm6.png Fig. 5. Growth kinetic of P. guilliermondii strain Z1 at different concentrations of orange juice. Vertical bars represent the standard error of two replicates corresponding to their respective means. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-percentage-of-decayed-orange-fruits-a-and-infected-38sbalp8.png Fig. 6. Percentage of decayed orange fruits (a) and infected wounds of fruit (b) with P. italicum on Valencia-late oranges, after 7 days of incubation at 24 C, treated with P. guilliermondii strain Z1 produced in Petri dishes (1 107 CFU/ml) or at industrial scale (1 g/3 l) or TBZ (1000 ppm label rate) and then inoculated 24 later with P. italicum (1 105 spores/ml). The values are the mean of four replicates with 10 fruits per replicate (20 wounds). Treatments having the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P 6 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-p-guillermondii-strain-z1-culturable-cells-a-on-pda-13x94hs5.png Fig. 1. P. guillermondii strain Z1 culturable cells (A) on PDA medium and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inhibition-effect-of-p-guilliermondii-strain-z1-1-108-1vdmw96i.png Fig. 2. Inhibition effect of P. guilliermondii strain Z1 (1 108 CFU/ml) against P. italicum (1 15 (c), 20 (d), and 25 C (e) and different relative humidity. Vertical bars showing the respective means. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-viability-of-p-guilliermondii-strain-z1-in-sdw-versus-1jhcrkjy.png Fig. 4. Viability of P. guilliermondii strain Z1 in SDW versus time of incubation (h). Vertical bars represent the standard error of two replicates corresponding to their respective means. https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-of-depth-jumps-to-elicit-a-post-activation-7ojdtcr10a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-sd-change-and-individual-values-n-17-for-31tf7fr8.png Figure 1. Mean±SD change and individual values (n=17) for running economy at 20%Δ below V̇O2 475 associated with lactate turn-point in the depth jump trial 476 477 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-and-qualitative-inferences-of-measures-taken-3af4yd2u.png Table 2. Results and qualitative inferences of measures taken during submaximal running at 20%Δ below V̇O2 at lactate turn-point and for the 470 run to exhaustion at speed associated with V̇O2max. CI = confidence interval, DJ = depth jumps, C = control trial (body weight quarter squats), 471 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-study-participants-n-17-vo2max-140f2ngj.png Table 1. Characteristics of study participants (n=17). V̇O2max. = maximal oxygen uptake, 464 sLTP = speed at lactate turn point, sV̇O2max. = speed associated with maximal oxygen uptake, 465 CMJ = counter-movement jump. 466 https://scispace.com/papers/efficacy-of-internet-delivered-mindfulness-for-improving-583bdy972w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-on-mindfulness-course-content-301-302-l7i7gfnt.png Table 1. Details on mindfulness course content. 301 302 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-analysis-of-covariance-for-group-effects-at-t3-n-44-1tl8ybrx.png Table 5. Analysis of covariance for group effects at T3. (N = 44) 317 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-self-report-outcome-measures-for-partners-caregivers-2f7bxyam.png Table 3. Self-report outcome measures for partners/caregivers: Means and standard deviations. 307 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-for-181a2cbx.png Table 2. Demographic and clinical characteristics for partners/caregivers. 304 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-covariance-for-group-effects-at-t2-n-44-ozr5s0k6.png Table 4. Analysis of covariance for group effects at T2. (N = 44) 311 https://scispace.com/papers/efficiency-assessment-of-diets-in-the-spanish-regions-a-1e3hyhl88h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dea-matrix-data-attributed-to-the-average-citizen-of-15njsw5o.png Table 3. DEA matrix (data attributed to the average citizen of each Spanish autonomous 424 region). 425 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-amount-of-food-eaten-per-person-and-year-in-each-1ygp013l.png Table 1. Amount of food eaten per person and year in each autonomous region (kg·person-1·y-255 1). 256 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methodological-framework-for-the-multi-criteria-2f8rzqjt.png Figure 1. Methodological framework for the multi-criteria efficiency assessment of diets. 153 2.2.1. Carbon footprint of diets 154 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-socio-economic-indicators-data-for-the-total-fvg5behn.png Table 2. Socio-economic indicators (data for the total population of each Spanish autonomous 305 region). 306 https://scispace.com/papers/efficiency-of-neutron-tomography-in-visualizing-the-internal-aywlvhdrgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-helically-wounded-finger-ring-b-2d-neutron-2c33okmn.png Figure 6. (a) Helically wounded finger ring (b) 2D neutron transmission radiograph almost flattens details (c) A saggital slice revealing the presence of hollows among the wires, corrosion products as bright white areas and original winding path in dark gray. (d) Frontal slice revealing the cross section of the ring and the presence of a core region inside the wire that remains intact only inside some strip wires. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-illustration-of-two-corrosion-scenarios-3jqlw6sq.png Figure 1: A schematic illustration of two corrosion scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-iron-spatula-from-the-mapungubwe-southern-terrace-21sh7gf2.png Figure 3. (a) Iron spatula from the Mapungubwe southern terrace. (b) Neutron 2D image. c) Sagittal tomogram slice near the mid plane showing detachment of corroded metal in the blade as dark areas. (d, e) Neutron tomogram axial slices illustrating lamination and flaking in the blade. (f) X-ray 2D image showing the metal core in the same zone as in the neutron sagittal slice. (g) X-ray axial slice tomogram with evidence of lamination in the blade. blade https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-coiled-copper-ring-from-mapungubwe-b-frontal-1f24ufr8.png Figure 5. (a) Coiled copper ring from Mapungubwe (b) Frontal neutron tomogram slice showing a discontinues spacing between wires (c) Saggital neutron tomogram slice revealing the lamellar structure of the corrosion layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-spatulas-encrusted-together-in-a-thick-layer-of-i1dg2qq1.png Figure 7: (a) Spatulas encrusted together in a thick layer of sand, charcoal and corrosion products. (b) 2D image showing the general shape of the spatulas (c) 3D results showing that the shaft has a loop. (d) Twisted wire around the shaft is observable in a frontal slice as well as the remainder of the metal core in medium gray. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-copper-ingot-from-mapungubwe-hill-rock-shelter-a-1dumwv78.png Figure 4: Copper ingot from Mapungubwe hill rock shelter. (a) Mould side surface. (b) Rough (top) surface with protrusion. (c) Neutron 2D image showing a plane projection of voids. (d) Frontal slice of the ingot showing pore distribution in the interior. (e) Axial slice showing corrosion (bright white) only on the surface and the inside of some of open voids. https://scispace.com/papers/efficiency-of-a-novel-food-to-waste-to-food-system-including-4sxbdwh7ik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-chemical-n-lysi-of-tomato-su-t-and-plant-leaves-in-1mj8grro.png Table 5. Chemical n lysi of tomato su t and plant leaves in after fiv weeks of growth in comp st mix without and with SMC. DM = r atter. A: Compost mix without SMC. B: C mpost mix with SMC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-chemical-analysis-of-tomato-substrate-and-plant-2raj4v6z.png Table 5. Chemical n lysi of tomato su t and plant leaves in after fiv weeks of growth in comp st mix without and with SMC. DM = r atter. A: Compost mix without SMC. B: C mpost mix with SMC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-in-ph-ec-and-o2-during-a-digeponics-experiment-joi5qunj.png Fig. 4. Changes in pH, EC and O2 during a digeponics experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nutrient-demand-example-for-cucumbers-and-supply-by-1selz0t0.png Fig. 6. Nutrient demand (example for cucumbers) and supply by mineral fertilizer compared to fresh food waste and anaerobically processed waste. Values are normalised such that with all materials the K demand for cucumbers (limiting value of the main nutrients N, P, K) is supplied with all materials (set to 100) and for the other nutrition parameters the demand for cucumbers is set to 100 and the nutritional parameters of the materials are set into proportion to 100% K delivery. The basis is the total concentration of nutrients in the material. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plant-available-nutrients-in-waste-based-organic-3llkfvgr.png Fig. 7. Plant available nutrients in waste-based organic growing substrates compared to commercial pot soil; digestate included for comparison. Values are normalised in such a way that the K availability for all substrates is set to 100 and for the other nutrition parameters the pot soil concentration of each nutrient is set to 100 and the nutritional parameters of the other substrates are set into proportion to 100% K availability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-cadmium-cd-concentration-in-plant-growing-d5qhsxi4.png Table 2 Total cadmium (Cd) concentration in plant growing substrates (at sowing) and plant crops in Exp 1 (mg kg−1 dry matter). Values are means of n independent plant substrates, where each sample was a composite sample from three replicate plant pots from that substrate. Supplementary materials Fig. 2 shows the experimental set-up in detail. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-visualization-of-the-overall-concept-for-the-f2w2f-3gyam4fz.png Fig. 1. Visualization of the overall concept for the F2W2F project. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-humidity-in-the-bubble-insulated-greenhouse-17p6nb84.png Fig. 3. Relative humidity in the bubble-insulated greenhouse in Norway with climate control system: prototype of bubble-insulated greenhouse (‘‘old”, before improvement of heat exchange and ‘‘new”, new improved one); left side compares week 52 in 2012 and 2013; right side compares week 5 in 2013 and 2014. SD – standard deviation; VAR – variance; RH – relative humidity, old – original climate system, new – improved climate system. https://scispace.com/papers/efficiency-of-pri-and-wrr-diffserv-scheduling-mechanisms-for-15a21dvs0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-schedulings-parameters-1fc8qrmf.png Table II: Schedulings parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-revenue-function-results-3f0tpxuj.png Table IX: Revenue function results https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-link-utilization-and-discrimination-prices-1gob44r3.png Table VIII: Link utilization and Discrimination prices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-network-architecture-for-qos-conceptual-models-3gpp-2jzmynao.png Figure 1: Network Architecture for QoS Conceptual Models [3GPP TS 23.207 V7.0.0 (2007-06)] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-local-ue-does-not-provide-ip-diffserv-capabilities-3fszlaex.png Figure 2: Local UE does not provide IP DiffServ capabilities [3GPP TS 23.207 V7.0.0 (2007-06)] https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ns-simulation-parameters-1pi1z8kn.png Table I: NS simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulation-topology-1djl8uab.png Figure 3: Simulation Topology https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-traffic-characteristics-5n3qntx1.png Table V: Traffic characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-and-incentive-compatible-exchange-of-real-time-5d3rjskrx1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-let-e-e-be-as-on-the-left-above-if-z-b-a-a-a-e-then-3jj48aun.png Figure 2: Let E ∈ E be as on the left above. If z = (b, a, a, a, e), then notice that z3 = a = Ω1, and Ω3 = c P1 b = z1; so z violates the reciprocity lower bound (but satis es no-envy). If 2 is assigned a, then the property requires that 1 is assigned b or c. If 3 is assigned a, then the property requires that 1 is assigned c. If z = (c, a, a, a, e), then z violates no-envy but satis es the reciprocity lower bound . The pro le on the right pertains to the discussion of the core. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-by-construction-at-each-step-in-e-before-step-q-gz-330m5h3l.png Figure 8: By construction, at each Step in E before Step Q + gz−1, hz only points to agents in who are in cycles ( ⋃ s∈T 0,...,T gz−1−1 s). So Step Q + gz−1 under E is the rst Step at which he points to an agent, hz−1, not in a cycle. We repeat this argument for hz−1, . . . , h1 until we nd h1 points to Ωi. Hence, at Step Q + gz−1 under E, hz points to hz−1 points to... h1. The agents still point in this fashion until Step V ′ under E. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cycles-qv-1-and-t-v-1-occur-at-step-v-1-under-e-but-398tlsjy.png Figure 4: Cycles QV ′+1 and T V ′+1 occur at Step V ′+1 under E, but under E′, when UV ′ 6= ∅, they occur at Step V ′ + 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-at-step-q-k-under-e-the-set-of-all-cycles-is-sk-at-2j46l6b2.png Figure 5: At Step Q + k under E the set of all cycles is Sk. At Step Q + k under E′, the set of cycles divided into two groups: T k is group una ected by the fact that i has withheld, and Uk is the group a ected by the fact that i has withheld (because there is some agent who pointed at Ωi). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-let-ja-be-the-owner-of-a-on-the-left-a-may-be-2ssdzltz.png Figure 6: Let ja be the owner of a. On the left, a may be unattainable because in xQ under E′, three agents are assigned object a. On the right, since three agents are assigned Ω2 = c, 2 must transfer in R1 and R2; similarly so for 3. This implies j must help 1 transfer b to 3 in R2; which further implies j may not transfer a in R2. Hence, only two agents receive a in xQ under E′, and a is unattainable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-schematic-above-shows-the-steps-of-the-1ydgjrau.png Figure 3: The schematic above shows the steps of the algorithm under E and E′ when V ′ > V . Underneath the column E, S1 and U1 are particular sets of cycles which occur at Step 1, and similarly for each other row. Claim 1 shows cycles SV , . . . , SV ′ occur under E′; Claim 2 shows UV ′ occurs under E′. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-several-possible-sequences-of-agents-at-which-hz-1beqvvzm.png Figure 7: Several possible sequences of agents at which hz points to are shown. In the rst column, at Step Q under E′, hz points to an agent in ⋃ s∈T 0 s. The rst Step under E ′ at which hz points to an agent in a U cycle is Step Q + 3. Hence, if the conditions 1.a and 1.b hold, then hz−1 is this agent, and gz−1 = 3. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-calculation-of-sensor-utility-and-sensor-removal-1jsjibzsfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-flops-required-for-sensor-removal-as-a-1n454i94.png Fig. 1. Number of flops required for sensor removal, as a function of the number of sensors K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-utility-calculation-time-as-a-function-of-the-number-1r488rqz.png Fig. 4. Utility calculation time as a function of the number of sensors K, averaged over 200 MC trials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-relative-error-er-of-the-utility-computations-3fna6qpp.png Fig. 5. Average relative error er of the utility computations, as a function of the (log-transformed) quantization level δ, averaged over 4000 MC trials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-flops-required-for-utility-computation-in-gwnjweqr.png Fig. 3. Number of flops required for utility computation in LCMV, as a function of the number of constraints Q. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-of-flops-required-for-utility-computation-as-a-1gnt79r8.png Fig. 2. Number of flops required for utility computation, as a function of the number of sensors K. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-crystallization-induced-emission-in-fluorenyl-344onakc5r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-from-pl-decay-studies-of-the-di-aryl-1pqxwohe.png Table 1. Parameters from PL decay studies of the di-aryl examples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-excitation-and-emission-spectra-of-fl-cb-compounds-38o0bj0k.png Figure 6. Excitation and emission spectra of Fl-Cb compounds in crystal or powder form. Inset: solid fluorescence in the dark (wavelength of irradiation: 365 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-comparison-of-electronic-transitions-of-di-aryl-1btivwnu.png Figure 7. A comparison of electronic transitions of di-aryl Fl-Cb derivatives in solution and in the crystal. S0, S0* and S1 represent the ground state, the original excited state and the charge-separated excited state, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stacking-of-cis-dmfl-cb-a-and-trans-dmfl-cb-b-the-2lk7ais2.png Figure 3. Stacking of cis-DmFl-Cb (a) and trans-DmFl-Cb (b). The interplanar mFl…mFl distances are given in Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-calculated-npa-charges-of-mfl-cb-ph-and-the-derived-2pf0s5jo.png Figure 8. Calculated NPA charges of mFl-Cb-Ph and the derived dipoles of bending (for mFl and Ph, red arrows)/stretching (for B−H, green arrows) vibrations. Additional dipoles originate from the vibrations of adjacent molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-contributing-electronic-transitions-for-the-lowest-1f3qjzcv.png Figure 10. Contributing electronic transitions for the lowest-energy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-enthalpy-and-free-energy-changes-in-parentheses-for-14sh4nz5.png Figure 9. Enthalpy and free energy changes (in parentheses) for https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-distance-based-q-csma-ca-algorithms-wireless-multi-137r9x1xeq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-represents-the-comparison-of-the-aodv-algorithm-cqvsczs7.png Fig 2 represents the comparison of the AODV algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-represents-the-packet-delivery-ratio-f40zah92.png Fig 4 represents the Packet Delivery Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-represents-the-comparison-between-the-dsdvand-aodv-for-22v1nc8k.png Fig 3 represents the comparison between the DSDVand AODV for througput https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-depicts-the-proposed-architecture-si8e9cwc.png Fig 1 depicts the proposed architecture https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-data-selection-for-asr-3ofunjwqpr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-logarithmic-p-values-for-results-obtained-using-2cbrl23k.png Table 6 Logarithmic P-Values for results obtained using TIMIT trained and WSJ evaluated ASR systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-logarithmic-p-values-of-results-produced-by-3ly9vvtm.png Table 5 Logarithmic P-Values of results produced by different systems and training data amounts for the TIMIT train and evaluation scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-smoothed-graphs-showing-triphone-accuracy-as-a-21gxr5dl.png Fig. 4 Smoothed graphs showing triphone accuracy as a function of triphone training count for the BN and WSJ experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-word-accuracies-obtained-on-systems-developed-on-wsj-2aw9wksf.png Fig. 8 Word accuracies obtained on systems developed on WSJ and evaluated on TIMIT using various training data percentages selected with different data selection approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-logarithmic-p-value-results-for-wsj-trained-and-fr95s2j0.png Table 8 Logarithmic P-Value results for WSJ trained and TIMIT evaluated ASR systems using different data selection methods and percentages of the total training data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-logarithmic-p-value-results-for-lwazi-trained-and-3jf1gyxt.png Table 9 Logarithmic P-Value results for Lwazi trained and evaluated ASR systems using different data selection methods and percentages of the total training data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-word-accuracies-for-lwazi-developed-and-evaluated-2hrre838.png Fig. 9 Word accuracies for Lwazi developed and evaluated systems using various data selection techniques and data training percentages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graph-a-shows-wsj-derived-triphone-accuracy-as-a-yev82dzq.png Fig. 3 Graph (A) shows WSJ-derived triphone accuracy as a function of triphone training count using the BN corpus as an evaluation set. Graph (B) shows the number of examples used to average the triphone accuracies. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-design-specific-worst-case-corner-extraction-for-1awpabr9bg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-circuit-schematic-of-an-8-bit-ripple-carry-26brigoc.png Fig 1. Simplified circuit schematic of an 8-bit ripple carry adder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-minimized-cost-function-y-22-by-semi-definite-15mr16qq.png Fig 3. The minimized cost function || Y||22 by semi-definite programming (SDP) and 100 runs of quadratically constrained quadratic programming (OCQP) with random initial guess. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eigvalues-of-the-quadratic-coefficient-matrix-a-for-154wka38.png Fig 2. Eigvalues of the quadratic coefficient matrix A for the performance model f( Y). https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-hardware-debugging-using-parameterized-fpga-a584y0prcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fpgas-logic-and-routing-resources-uklaq3t2.png Fig. 1. FPGA’s logic and routing resources https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-proposed-debug-flow-the-two-discrete-stages-offline-2yw0n00u.png Fig. 4. Proposed debug flow. The two discrete stages offline and online boost time efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-figure-a-demonstrates-the-dedicated-area-for-debugging-18bg5pyl.png Fig. 3. Figure (a) demonstrates the dedicated area for debugging and figure (b) the proposed approach for elimination of this area and integration of the debugging flow inside the user circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-depth-results-the-first-column-describes-the-logic-1jss2ene.png TABLE II DEPTH RESULTS. THE FIRST COLUMN DESCRIBES THE LOGIC DEPTH OF THE DESIGN. THE OTHER COLUMNS SHOW THE DEPTH RESULTS AFTER THE ADDITION OF THE DEBUGGING INFRASTRUCTURE AND MAPPING WITH DIFFERENT MAPPERS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-area-results-in-luts-the-second-column-contains-the-nd1dcg1o.png TABLE I AREA RESULTS IN #LUTS: THE SECOND COLUMN CONTAINS THE INITIAL DESIGN IN TERMS OF LUTS. THE OTHER COLUMNS CONTAIN THE AREA RESULTS AFTER THE INSERTION OF THE DEBUGGING INFRASTRUCTURE. SM (SIMPLEMAP) AND ABC ARE THE CONVENTIONAL MAPPERS. THE LAST COLUMN DESCRIBES THE RESULTS OF OUR PROPOSED TECHNIQUE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-area-results-in-terms-of-look-up-tables-2p60n7tm.png Fig. 7. Area results in terms of look-up tables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fpgas-parameterised-logic-and-routing-resources-2qdhjdbl.png Fig. 2. FPGA’s parameterised logic and routing resources https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-of-the-generic-stage-of-the-proposed-tool-37iwtums.png Fig. 5. Schematic of the generic stage of the proposed tool flow. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-light-harvesting-of-a-luminescent-solar-4hmpdwex4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-absorption-spectrum-in-absorption-coefficient-20j745eo.png Figure 2. (a) Absorption spectrum in absorption coefficient units (cm-1) and photoluminescence spectrum of (1:99 DCJTB:DPATPAN) 10% in PMMA. (b) Experimental and simulated light trapping efficiency as a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-estimated-short-circuit-current-when-the-si-solar-1s23t4uh.png Figure 4. (a) Estimated short-circuit current when the Si solar cell is illuminated by the different LSCs. (b) Relative short-circuit current as a function of distance for the different LSCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-chemical-structure-of-dpatpan-and-dcjtb-b-2dpq38sk.png Figure 1. (a) Chemical structure of DPATPAN and DCJTB. (b) Absorption spectrum of DCJTB in molar (decadic) absorption coefficient units (M-1 cm-1) and emission spectrum of DPATPAN with spectral area normalized to 1. (c) The EET efficiency E as a function of interchromophore distance between donor and acceptor (RDA), E = R0 / (R0 + RDA) estimated using the critical radius determined (see text). (d) EET efficiency of films estimated by taking the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-experimental-set-up-for-distance-dependent-ipce-2odqf19n.png Figure 3. (a) Experimental set-up for distance-dependent IPCE measurements for the different LSCs investigated. Distance dependent IPCE of (b) 19 m, (c) 26 m films of 0.1% DCJTB in PMMA, (d) 17 m (1:99 DCJTB:DPATPAN) 10% in PMMA. (e) Relative IPCE absorption maximum as a function of distance for DCJTB 0.1% in PMMA films. (f) Relative IPCE absorption maximum as a function of distance for (1:99 DCJTB:DPATPAN) 10% in PMMA films excited at 400 and 500 nm. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-methods-of-non-myopic-sensor-management-for-q7rnn6ahks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-visibility-masks-for-a-sensor-positioned-below-and-1ix5hs78.png Fig. 1. Visibility masks for a sensor positioned below and left of the surveillance region. We show binary visibility masks (non-visible areas are black and visible areas are white). In general, visibility may be between 0 and 1 indicating areas of reduced visibility, e.g. partially obscured by foliage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-six-time-step-vignette-where-the-target-moves-17hkj1s4.png Fig. 2. A six time step vignette where the target moves through an obscured area. The target is depicted by an asterisk. Obscured areas are black and visible areas are white. Extra dwells just before becoming obscured (time = 1) aid in localization after the target emerges (time = 6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-comparison-between-uniform-mc-and-information-1qco0bfs.png Fig. 5. A comparison between uniform MC and information-directed search. The top curve gives the results of searching each path equally (uniform search). The bottom two curves are each seeded with uniform search and followed by information-directed searches. A comparison is made in terms of the total number of paths searched between the algorithms, which is a measure of algorithm complexity. For a given number of paths searched, information-directed search yields better performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-of-the-non-myopic-scheduling-algorithms-2yn3nm4x.png TABLE I PERFORMANCE OF THE NON-MYOPIC SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-of-the-approximate-non-myopic-scheduler-of-jwu489az.png Fig. 6. Performance of the approximate non-myopic scheduler of Section V-D as a function of the weighting of the value-to-go approximation, w. w weights the influence of the one-step value of an action with the long-term value. When chose properly, the two considerations are balanced and the performance equals that of the exact non-myopic scheduler. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-model-problem-at-the-onset-the-filter-has-3lxequz5.png Fig. 4. The model problem. At the onset, the filter has estimates of target 1 and target 2 uniformly distributed across cells {2...6} and {11...15}, respectively. At time 1 all cells are visible. At time 2, 3, and 4 cells {11...15} are obscured. This emulates the the situation where one target is initially visible to the sensor, becomes obscured and then reemerges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-two-step-non-myopic-algorithm-is-rolled-out-for-11x2qism.png Fig. 3. The two-step non-myopic algorithm is rolled out for all possible actions at time k+1. The value of an action is the realized gain from the action plus the expected gain at the next step. This procedure is run many times to generate a MC average of the two-step gain for each action. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-nonlinear-markov-models-for-human-motion-2un7r6dhq1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-motion-completion-results-a-walking-joint-angle-rmse-1f82zk9v.png Table 2: Motion completion results. (a) Walking: Joint angle RMSE of our DFM approach and two baseline models. LI = Linear Interpolation; GPDM = Gaussian Process Dynamical Model. (b) Jump forward and golf swing: World coordinate RMSE of our DFM approach as a function of tree depth and Markov order. Note the decrease of the error with increasing tree depth and/or Markov order. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3d-from-2d-results-rmse-of-predicted-3d-trajectory-2ztv6tjo.png Table 3: 3D from 2D results. RMSE of predicted 3D trajectory given a 2D input. Deeper trees perform consistently better, while the effect of the Markov order varies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-autoregressive-tree-a-decision-tree-is-evaluated-on-y6edeybl.png Figure 1: Autoregressive tree. A decision tree is evaluated on a set of features extracted from K previously observed frames, φ (pa (xt)). At each leaf `i of the tree a linear autoregressive model is stored. If leaf `i is reached, the predictive filtering distribution is defined as p (xt | pa (xt)) = N (A`iφ (pa (xt)) ,Σ`i). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visualization-of-a-2d-3d-experiment-in-a-we-show-3h6z8ovi.png Figure 3: Visualization of a 2D→3D experiment. In (a), we show every third frame of a 2D input sequence for which we want to reconstruct the red subsequence in 3D. In (b) and (c), we show two animations of the output from our model: A stick model (top right) and a SCAPE model that was fitted based on our reconstruction (bottom). Ground truth data is shown in blue/light skin, reconstructions in red/dark skin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-discrete-time-hidden-markov-models-represent-a-1y721xsh.png Figure 2: (a) Discrete time Hidden Markov Models represent a probability distribution of a sequence of observations (xt)t by a Markov model on a sequence of hidden variables zt and a conditional observation distribution p(xt|zt). (b) Marginalization over the hidden variables yields a joint distribution p(x1:T ) over the observed variables, effectively coupling all variables. (c) Latent space formulation of our proposed nonlinear Markov model for order K = 2. A decision tree implicitly selects a latent state and we can view the nonlinear Markov model as an order-K approximation to (b), in which filtering inference and computation of log-likelihoods of observed sequences is very efficient. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-action-classification-results-a-accuracies-and-1qlsjk12.png Table 1: Action classification results. (a) Accuracies and runtimes of DFMs and four baseline models. DFMs outperform all other evaluated methods. (b) Classification accuracies of DFMs as a function of depth, order, and number of trees. The result in bold is shown in more detail in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-processing-of-continuous-join-queries-using-10zng5il2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-speed-of-dissemination-figure-6-message-overhead-bpip3su8.png Figure 5 Speed of dissemination Figure 6 Message Overhead https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-number-of-joins-figure-4-dissemination-2lgkkjbx.png Figure 3 Effect of Number of Joins Figure 4 Dissemination progress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-tuples-arrival-rate-figure-2-effect-of-1gnih92t.png Figure 1 Effect of Tuples Arrival Rate Figure 2 Effect of Query Arrival Rate https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-pyrazole-moiety-containing-ligands-for-cu-50wddcos0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-single-crystal-structure-of-the-dimer-of-the-cui-2dwnsfic.png Figure 2: (a) Single-crystal structure of the dimer of the CuI·L1 1:1 complex. Inset: Proposed active complex of L1 and CuI. (See Supporting Information Files 1 and 3) (b) Crystal structure of the polymeric CuBr·L6 1:1 complex containing halogenhydrogen bond [38]. (Supporting Information Files 2 and 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-solvent-copper-salt-temperature-and-3095s3n8.png Table 1: Effect of solvent, copper salt, temperature, and reaction time on the coupling of 4-iodotoluene with p-cresol.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coupling-of-aryl-halides-with-p-cresol-in-the-3k2gf5r2.png Table 3: Coupling of aryl halides with p-cresol in the presence of L1.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-various-n2-and-n3-ligands-l1-l8-for-2ig4kpk7.png Figure 3: Comparison of various N2- and N3-ligands, L1‒L8, for coupling of 4- iodotoluene with p-cresol.a aReaction conditions: 1a (1 mmol), 2a (1.5 mmol), CuI (0.1 mmol), ligand (0.1 mmol), K3PO4 (2.0 mmol), DMSO (7 mL), reaction time (24 h) and temperature (100 °C). bIsolated yield. c[CuI·L1]2 0.05 mmol. pyrazole moiety might limit the interaction with the substrate. On the other hand, L3 having three pyrazole moieties gave a good yield of 81%, which was much higher https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-possible-mechanism-for-cui-l1-catalyzed-coupling-of-nfe9xh7i.png Figure 5: Possible mechanism for CuI·L1–catalyzed coupling of phenols with aryl iodides. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coupling-of-4-iodotoluene-with-phenols-in-the-24jiaptn.png Table 2: Coupling of 4-iodotoluene with phenols in the presence of L1.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structures-of-monomeric-complexes-of-a-l1-b-1h309xtx.png Figure 4: Structures of monomeric complexes of (a) L1, (b) bipyridine (bpy) and (c) L8 with CuI, calculated using density functional theory (DFT). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-the-ligands-studied-3g4rzvpa.png Figure 1: Structures of the ligands studied. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-rectilinear-steiner-tree-construction-with-3wcur4tlvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-step-2-3ktam15v.png Figure 13: Step 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-test-cases-g91okjqo.png Table 1: Statistics of test cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-step-1-37xh29gi.png Figure 12: Step 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-step-5-yk0391s2.png Figure 16: Step 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-step-6-2kahrzck.png Figure 17: Step 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-blockage-placement-in-test-case-1-28r6akee.png Figure 18: Blockage placement in test case 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dissect-a-rectilinear-blockage-into-3-rectangular-39u0965q.png Figure 3: Dissect a rectilinear blockage into 3 rectangular blockages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-totoal-wire-length-and-run-time-comparison-3g5t09j3.png Table 2: Totoal wire length and run time comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-skyline-evaluation-over-partially-ordered-domains-15zaamj1l9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-algorithms-2g62o6q8.png Table 1: Description of the algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-and-setting-values-rw6dwz1a.png Table 2: Parameters and Setting Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dimension-distribution-data-space-consumption-in01f2m5.png Figure 5: Dimension Distribution & Data Space Consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-real-datasets-318m222f.png Table 3: Real Datasets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-scalability-w-r-t-width-per-po-o-2gakmq3i.png Figure 8: Scalability w.r.t. Width per PO (ω) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scalability-w-r-t-data-cardinality-n-syj7rnux.png Figure 6: Scalability w.r.t. Data Cardinality (n) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scalability-w-r-t-dimensionality-to-po-1y9767rf.png Figure 7: Scalability w.r.t. Dimensionality (|TO|, |PO|) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-scalability-w-r-t-density-per-po-r-x3n85l0s.png Figure 9: Scalability w.r.t. Density per PO (ρ) https://scispace.com/papers/efficient-treatment-of-stress-singularities-in-poroelastic-2f5b68tsie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-frequency-response-function-of-usy-0-1-0-18-of-the-3nw7masg.png Figure 8: Frequency response function of usy(0.1, 0.18) of the problem with a corner singularity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-convergence-curves-at-200hz-for-the-wbm-the-wbm-cf-1q8hfeui.png Figure 12: Convergence curves at 200Hz for the WBM, the WBM CF and the FEM with FEM model number 9 as reference https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-data-2lgqivg0.png Table 1: Material data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-stress-field-ssxy-n-m-2-at-200hz-1blh8rjt.png Figure 5: Predicted stress field σsxy[N/m 2] at 200Hz, calculated with the FEM https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-notations-used-in-the-biot-equations-12rm4h3u.png Table 4: Notations used in the Biot equations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-predicted-stress-field-ssxy-n-m-2-at-200hz-1ia6d5x3.png Figure 6: Predicted stress field σsxy[N/m 2] at 200Hz, calculated with the FEM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-response-function-of-usy-0-1-0-8-of-the-283302yb.png Figure 7: Frequency response function of usy(0.1, 0.8) of the problem without a corner singularity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2d-convex-poroelastic-domain-y9uazb95.png Figure 1: 2D convex poroelastic domain https://scispace.com/papers/egr1-transcriptional-control-of-human-cytomegalovirus-29e5w0tduw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chemical-inhibitors-579-1l9xgm1i.png Table 3 Chemical Inhibitors 579 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primer-sequences-510-primer-sequence-2boyyj29.png Table 1 Primer sequences 510 Primer Sequence https://scispace.com/papers/eigenvalue-beamforming-using-a-multirank-mvdr-beamformer-and-4pxvj30yzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-generalized-sidelobe-canceller-33b3qttp.png Fig. 3. Generalized sidelobe canceller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-eigenvalue-bearing-response-patterns-a-b-c-and-d-the-1lai5z7z.png Fig. 8. Eigenvalue bearing response patterns: (a) , (b) , (c) , and (d) . The data covariance matrix is estimated from snapshots. Dashed vertical lines indicate true source locations. Going from negative to positive electrical angles in each plot the first four sources generate fluctuating waves with rank-4 covariances and the next four sources generate standing waves with rank-1 covariances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bartlett-eigenvalue-bearing-response-patterns-a-b-c-1ah6f71q.png Fig. 7. Bartlett eigenvalue bearing response patterns: (a) , (b) , (c) , and (d) . Dashed vertical lines indicate true source locations. Going from negative to positive electrical angles in each plot the first four sources generate fluctuating waves with rank-4 covariances and the next four sources generate standing waves with rank-1 covariances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-eigenvalue-bearing-response-patterns-a-b-and-c-the-1sy8s4hg.png Fig. 9. Eigenvalue bearing response patterns: (a) , (b) , and (c) . The signal is modeled with a dimensional Slepian subspace and is mismatched to the actual dimensional Slepian signal subspace. Dashed vertical lines indicate true source locations. Going from negative to positive electrical angles in each plot the first four sources generate fluctuating waves with rank-4 covariances and the next four sources generate standing waves with rank-1 covariances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bearing-response-patterns-for-a-conventional-bartlett-1wcgt72v.png Fig. 5. Bearing response patterns for (a) conventional (Bartlett) beamformer and (b) standard MVDR beamformer. Dashed vertical lines indicate true source locations. Going from negative to positive electrical angles in each plot the first four sources generate fluctuating waves with rank-4 covariances and the next four sources generate standing waves with rank-1 covariances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mvdr-eigenvalue-bearing-response-patterns-a-b-c-and-d-yuqh8867.png Fig. 6. MVDR Eigenvalue bearing response patterns: (a) , (b) , (c) , and (d) . Dashed vertical lines indicate true source locations. Going from negative to positive electrical angles in each plot the first four sources generate fluctuating waves with rank-4 covariances and the next four sources generate standing waves with rank-1 covariances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-realizations-of-a-signal-from-a-known-one-1weg94ej.png Fig. 1. (a) Realizations of a signal from a known one-dimensional subspace; (b) realizations of a signal from an unknown one-dimensional subspace within a known -dimensional subspace; and (c) realizations of a signal from a known -dimensional subspace. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-standing-waves-drawn-from-3-b-standing-waves-drawn-1g69fkls.png Fig. 2. (a) Standing waves drawn from (3), (b) standing waves drawn from (5), and (c) fluctuating waves drawn from (7). https://scispace.com/papers/eigenvalue-spectra-of-asymmetric-random-matrices-for-4k60wg37sg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-contributions-of-the-quadratic-cumulant-2-and-the-1quv0fak.png FIG. 1. Contributions of the quadratic cumulant 2 and the quartic cumulant 4 to the self-energy J . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percentage-of-eigenvalue-outliers-of-two-component-1bg447q2.png FIG. 3. Percentage of eigenvalue outliers of two-component Gaussian network W decays as N increases. For f = 0.2, elements in fN columns ofW have Gaussian distribution with variance 2 N and mean μe. Other elements have Gaussian distribution with variance 1N and mean μi . From top to bottom, (μe,μi) are (1,− 14 ), ( 1√N ,− 14√N ), ( 1 N ,− 14N ), and (0,0), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-density-r-of-eigenvalues-as-a-function-of-radius-z-in-1wt09oik.png FIG. 2. Density ρ of eigenvalues as a function of radius |z| in the complex plane. Simulations are run for randommatrices of dimension N = 200, drawn from the ensemble defined in Eq. (2.4) with V (x) = x + x2. There are four types of neurons in the network, with f = (0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) and = diag(0.5I20,1.0I40,1.5I60,2.0I80). (a) μ = (10,30,30,−40). (b) μ = (1,3,3,−4). (c) μ = (0,0,0,0), i.e., M = 0. (d) Density functions in panels (a)–(c) are drawn in the same plane. We find the bulk of the three functions are very similar, which shows that even when elements of weight matrix M are of order higher than 1/ √ N , the density function of J +M still converges to that of J as N → ∞. This is due to the column structure of M . In comparison, we show in panel (d) the density function of W = J +M , where M is a constant matrix whose elements are randomly chosen from uniform distribution on [0,1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-self-energy-w-is-related-to-resolvent-gw-by-eq-3-2-3u9cl8ql.png FIG. 4. Self-energy W is related to resolvent GW by Eq. (3.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-density-r-of-eigenvalues-as-a-function-of-radius-in-1wbf2der.png FIG. 5. Density ρ of eigenvalues as a function of radius in the complex plane |z|, for N = 400. The solid lines are the analytic results by Eq. (3.9) and the symbols are numerical simulations. The figure shows results for different sets of variances σ 2/N with fixed population f = (0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4). We introduce the notation 〈σa〉 = ∑mi fiσ ai , where a is a constant. From Eq. (3.9), we find the eigenvalue density at the center and boundary of the spectrum: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-density-r-of-eigenvalues-as-a-function-of-radius-in-3bzykf1h.png FIG. 6. Density ρ of eigenvalues as a function of radius in the complex plane |z|, forN = 400. The solid lines are the analytic results obtained by Eq. (3.9) and the symbols are numerical simulations. The figure shows results for different sets of population with fixed variances σ 2 = (0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)/N . https://scispace.com/papers/eigenvector-based-interpolation-and-segmentation-of-2d-1bv1mpqfde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-interpolation-comparison-in-one-triangle-degenerate-3awbyv74.png Fig. 3. Interpolation comparison in one triangle: Degenerate points D1 from component-wise, D2 from eigenvector-based interpolation, in the case of (a) trisector, and (b) wedge point. (c) Radial tensorline entering degenerate point D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-full-segmentation-left-two-point-load-right-top-one-bxuy8g0n.png Fig. 7. Full segmentation: left: two-point load, right top: one-point load with randomly colored segments, right bottom: slice of strain simulation of forces on notched block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-neighborhood-of-a-degenerate-points-is-33165zlb.png Fig. 4. The neighborhood of a degenerate points is characterized by a number of halfsectors with specific behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-close-up-of-sector-classification-for-the-one-point-3pq1ojoy.png Fig. 5. A close-up of sector classification for the one-point load data-set using linear interpolation of eigenvectors, with (left) and without (right) subsequent re-triangulation. Shaded regions show the sectors: green and yellow for non-hyperbolic and hyperbolic, respectively; red and blue lines show radial lines, which are not integrated; black points and lines are the degenerate points and lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-interpolation-methods-left-eigenvector-16vpvpha.png Fig. 1. Comparison of interpolation methods: left: eigenvector-based (shape preserving), right: component-based. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-close-up-from-one-point-load-data-set-a-tensorline-in4dc3bs.png Fig. 6. Close-up from one-point load data-set: (a) tensorline runs into a degenerate line (black line); circulating tensorline (a) before and (b) after clean up; (d,e) comparison of separatrix integration for component-wise and eigenvector-based interpolation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-triangle-a-without-and-b-with-degenerate-point-edge-3b5n9ssy.png Fig. 2. Triangle (a) without and (b) with degenerate point, edge labels indicate whether two adjacent eigendirections match. (c) The location of a D is well-defined if the three lines connecting the vertices and their opposite points intersect in one point. https://scispace.com/papers/ejaculate-expenditure-and-timing-of-gamete-release-in-3rm0tnctu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-timing-and-duration-of-gamete-release-by-male-2p09k7fe.png TABLE I. The timing and duration of gamete release by male and female Oncorhynchus mykiss in experiment 1. Mean S.E. and sample sizes (n) are shown for each variable https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amount-of-packed-sperm-ejaculated-when-male-2acqyfr9.png FIG. 3. Amount of packed sperm ejaculated when male Oncorhynchus mykiss spawned alone with a female or spawned when paired with another male. Male’s ejaculate expenditure in each condition is connected by a line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-the-duration-of-male-oncorhynchus-zkyc4bsr.png FIG. 4. Relationship between the duration of male Oncorhynchus mykiss gape and the amount of packed sperm ejaculated. The curve was fitted by: y ¼ 0 5532x – 19 964. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-tocollect-sperm-frommaleoncorhynchusmykiss-a-piece-2p8sm8mi.png FIG. 1. (a)Tocollect sperm frommaleOncorhynchusmykiss, a piece of rubber tubingwas stitched to the ventral side of the male. (b) AU-shaped groove was cut out of the rubber tubing and it was securely placed over the gonopore. (c) A condom was attached to the posterior end of the tubing to collect ejaculated milt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-timing-and-duration-of-gamete-release-by-male-1y8bsuw7.png TABLE II. The timing and duration of gamete release by male and female Oncorhynchus mykiss in experiment 2. Mean S.E. time and sample sizes (n) are given https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-for-oncorhynchus-mykiss-between-packed-15c95za9.png FIG. 2. Relationship for Oncorhynchus mykiss between packed sperm volume in the diluted milt and average absorbance as measured spectrophotometrically. The curve was fitted by: y ¼ 0 017 þ 0 004x (r ¼ 0 99, n ¼ 36, P < 0 001). https://scispace.com/papers/elastic-constants-of-nanometer-thick-diamond-like-carbon-qp3rbs95tt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-portions-of-brillouin-spectra-at-60deg-incidence-p5epm2z2.png Figure 1. Portions of Brillouin spectra at 60° incidence showing the peak due to modified Rayleigh wave, measured under identical conditions on specimens A (circles) and B (squares). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-velocities-for-the-four-specimens-3l5av6wy.png Figure 3. Measured velocities for the four specimens; dispersion relations computed with the film elastic moduli obtained from the best fit procedure, and accepted values of silicon properties [20]. The limit at null wavevector is the Rayleigh velocity of a bare silicon substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-90-95-and-99-confidence-regions-in-the-e-g-plane-fd4r6vn5.png Figure 2. 90%, 95% and 99% confidence regions in the (E,G) plane for specimen B https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-samples-properties-3giiie42.png Table I: Samples’ properties https://scispace.com/papers/elastic-properties-of-ti-al-si-n-nanocomposite-films-2ryd3o8pyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-wave-impulses-detected-on-high-speed-steel-230tjw0a.png Fig. 1. Surface wave impulses detected on high-speed steel with Ž .Ti,Al,Si N film at different distances between the laser focus line and detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xrd-patterns-of-samples-prepared-in-rotation-mode-with-3ic82sli.png Fig. 3. XRD patterns of samples prepared in rotation mode with a substrate temperature of 400 C. The composition of these samples is approximately 28.5 at.% titanium, 12 at.% aluminium, 9.5 at.% silicon and 50 at.% nitrogen. In the spectra the Ti peaks show the growth of the Ti adhesion layer. https://scispace.com/papers/elastomeric-bearings-for-steel-trapezoidal-box-girder-5d26l7u163 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elastomeric-bearing-pad-design-summary-part-i-3tx5eeor.png Table 1. Elastomeric Bearing Pad Design Summary – Part I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-direct-connector-y-south-abutment-end-bearing-3a2r43z9.png Figure 4. Direct Connector "Y" South Abutment End Bearing Showing Longitudinal Shear Deformation, In Service (August 6, 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-direct-connector-y-south-abutment-end-bearing-3b17ay50.png Figure 5. Direct Connector "Y" South Abutment End Bearing Showing Transverse Shear Deformation, In Service (August 6, 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-direct-connector-m-unit-1-interior-bent-end-bearing-2msu4lzx.png Figure 6. Direct Connector "M" Unit #1 Interior Bent End Bearing, , In Service (August 6, 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-direct-connector-y-unit-1-interior-bearing-at-steel-1ufmtr5p.png Figure 7. Direct Connector "Y" Unit #1 Interior Bearing at Steel Box Straddle Bent, In Service (August 6, 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-us290-ih-35-interchange-direct-connector-z-in-3rrrnhrw.png Figure 1. US290 / IH 35 Interchange, Direct Connector "Z ", In Service (August 6, 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-direct-connector-z-steel-trapezoidal-box-girder-2kbvupyx.png Figure 3. Direct Connector "Z" Steel trapezoidal box girder Unit #1 End Bearing, During Construction (March 7, 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-direct-connector-z-erected-steel-trapezoidal-box-3qm3hvwz.png Figure 2. Direct Connector "Z" Erected Steel trapezoidal box girders, During Construction (March 7, 2000) https://scispace.com/papers/elective-participation-in-ad-hoc-networks-based-on-energy-3ds84tc37g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-also-suggests-that-further-decreasingt-to-below-2f52c0z4.png Figure 8 also suggests that further decreasingτ to below fraction of a second does not significantly increase the usable lifetime of the network. Indeed, ifτ is extremely small, the resulting frequent link updating and route querying packets may overwhelm the network, leading to congestions and rapid energy depletion. The optimal value ofτ largely depends on the system configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-remaining-energy-with-partition-checking-3bjbdny3.png Fig. 6. Average remaining energy, with partition checking https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-number-of-surviving-nodes-with-partition-checking-j41sxavl.png Fig. 7. Number of surviving nodes, with partition checking https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-power-consumption-in-various-states-3klcphil.png TABLE I POWER CONSUMPTION IN VARIOUS STATES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-number-of-surviving-nodes-without-partition-checking-30bzngpm.png Fig. 4. Number of surviving nodes, without partition checking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustrates-how-edp-can-potentially-improve-the-3l3jjcoy.png Figure 3 illustrates how EDP can potentially improve the battery lifetime. When the transceiver is continuously in the ACTIVE state, as in the non-EDP case, the battery is completely drained after 2.3 hours. In contrast, the EDP enabled nodesgradually become less active network participants as the remaining energy reserves are diminished. This allows the battery lifetime to be more than doubled, in the case ofτ = 60 [sec], to 5 hours. Moreover, since the judicious usage of energy depends upon the accurate knowledge of the remaining energy, the battery lifetime can be increased by more frequent energy inspections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-remaining-energy-without-partition-checking-2yl5qz5m.png Figure 3 illustrates how EDP can potentially improve the battery lifetime. When the transceiver is continuously in the ACTIVE state, as in the non-EDP case, the battery is completely drained after 2.3 hours. In contrast, the EDP enabled nodesgradually become less active network participants as the remaining energy reserves are diminished. This allows the battery lifetime to be more than doubled, in the case ofτ = 60 [sec], to 5 hours. Moreover, since the judicious usage of energy depends upon the accurate knowledge of the remaining energy, the battery lifetime can be increased by more frequent energy inspections. https://scispace.com/papers/electoral-systems-political-career-paths-and-legislative-jhdt4pglwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-single-member-districts-and-pr-1bumku3k.png Table 3. Comparison of single member districts and PR districts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-make-up-of-the-seventeenth-korean-national-assembly-26mervpi.png Table 1. Make-up of the Seventeenth Korean National Assembly https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-basic-models-2qav03kc.png Table 2. Basic models https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-uri-party-and-gnp-members-6l6suah2.png Table 4. Comparison of Uri party and GNP members https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-voting-defection-of-kna-members-by-election-tier-2hi15f4m.png Figure 1 Voting defection of KNA members by election tier Note: These are predicted bivariate regression lines, with 95% confidence intervals, using the results from model 6 (for the SMD members) and model 8 (for the PR list members). https://scispace.com/papers/electric-field-mediated-fibronectin-hydroxyapatite-iinzbav678 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-various-residues-of-fn-adsorbed-on-the-ha-2u9cii70.png Table 2. Summary of Various Residues of FN Adsorbed on the HA Surface in the Presence of an Electric Field https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-larger-number-of-atomic-contacts-is-an-indication-2hfwufto.png Figure 3. Larger number of atomic contacts is an indication of better adsorption. Time evolution of the number of contacts between FN and HA at different electric field strengths and directions. The highest number of contacts was formed in the case of +0.25 V/nm, which can be correlated with the observed highest interaction strength between FN and HA at this field strength. A contact is defined when two atoms belonging to FN and HA are within a distance of 4 Å. In the graphs, the legend color codes represent the thick lines (generated using a Savitzky−Golay filter). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-accessibility-of-the-rgd-loop-profoundly-influences-3v81uley.png Figure 4. Accessibility of the RGD loop profoundly influences cell−material interactions. It is worth noting that the conformation with the RGD loop exposed to the solvent is suitable for cell−material interactions. The position of the RGD loop with respect to the HA surface after 100 ns of simulation at different electric fields. The RGD loop is not exposed to the solvent at the negative field direction. Hence, the application of a negative field is likely to hinder cell adhesion on theHA surface (Atomic color code: red: O, blue: N, pale blue: C (FN) andCa (HA), white: H, and golden yellow: P. Axis color code: red: x, green: y, and blue: z). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electric-field-application-impacts-the-structural-2s4lo7s3.png Figure 5. Electric field application impacts the structural integrity of FN (secondary structure). The percentage of β-sheet as a function of simulation time, at different electric field strengths and directions. The stable β-sheet structure was not affected significantly at a low field strength and in the positive direction. Therefore, the FN structure cannot be greatly altered using a low electric field intensity. Notable change occurred at −1.00 V/nm. Smoothed thick lines were generated using a Savitzky−Golay filter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dependency-of-magnitude-and-the-orientation-of-the-ei71kspb.png Table 7. Dependency of Magnitude and the Orientation of the Total Dipole Moment Vector of Water on the Applied Electric fielda https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dipole-moment-vector-spontaneously-aligns-with-the-jf16lpgy.png Figure 8.Dipole moment vector spontaneously aligns with the electric field direction. The dipole moment orientation of protein (blue), HA (red), and water (green) at different field strengths and directions. The principal axes of the momenta of FN are shown in yellow. At a high field strength, the dipole moment vectors of FN and water became parallel to each other, which increased themutual repulsion between them and affected the adsorption process (axis color code: red: x, green: y, and blue: z). The length of the arrows presenting the dipole moment vectors are not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electric-field-application-and-its-directionality-3gh9qsw2.png Figure 1. Electric field application and its directionality influence the adsorption kinetics. MD results to illustrate the temporal evolution of distance between the COM of FN and that of the HA substrate. The larger distance indicates that the high field strength does not favor FN adsorption on the HA surface. In the graphs, the legend color codes represent the thick lines (generated using a Savitzky−Golay filter). The snapshots of trajectory at different time points have been shown for ±1.00 V/nm. Water molecules are not shown, for clarity. The secondary structure of FN has been represented with a color code: yellow: β sheet, pale blue: turns, white: other residues. FN andHA have been presented using the CPK coloring scheme with a color code: red: O, pale blue: C(FN) and Ca (HA), white: H, blue: N, and golden yellow: P. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-salt-bridge-forming-residues-of-fn-at-different-qfrnvdls.png Table 4. Salt Bridge-Forming Residues of FN at Different Electric Field Strengths https://scispace.com/papers/electric-industry-restructuring-and-environmental-issues-a-139z88e2c3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stages-and-elements-of-the-overall-restructuring-1vvv4qpw.png Table 3: Stages and Elements of the Overall Restructuring Process in Three States (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-electricity-prices-in-three-states-u4rz7ouj.png Fig. 1. Average electricity prices in three states https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-state-electricity-prices-as-percentage-of-u-2zadnju6.png Table 1: Average State Electricity Prices as Percentage of U.S. Average by Sector, 1993 and 1994 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stages-and-elements-of-the-overall-restructuring-wtb5ihjx.png Table 3: Stages and Elements of the Overall Restructuring Process in Three States (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-cpuc-externality-values-for-five-major-air-3knb7o3u.png Table 2: The CPUC Externality Values for Five Major Air Emission https://scispace.com/papers/electrical-and-thermal-behavior-of-pouch-format-lithium-ion-57kxz7scmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-hp-duty-cycle-representing-typical-track-driving-3eot1asf.png Fig. 1 a) A HP duty cycle representing typical track-driving application; b) IEC 62660 cycle life profile representing typical normal driving scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characterization-and-performance-tests-for-batteries-29eacezi.png TABLE I CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE TESTS FOR BATTERIES UNDERGOING HP DUTY CYCLING AND IEC CYCLE-LIFE PROFILE A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cad-drawing-of-test-rig-design-with-cells-b-photo-of-s1nc4c5t.png Fig. 2 a: CAD drawing of test rig design with cells. b: photo of assembled test rig with HIOKI temperature logger https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-thermocouple-measurements-of-cells-subjected-to-the-hp-3g6kmg0o.png Fig. 8 Thermocouple measurements of cells subjected to the “HP profile” (top) and “IEC Cycle Life Profile A” (bottom) from 95-10% SoC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-equivalent-circuit-model-for-hppc-data-2lw9hb1n.png Fig. 6 Equivalent Circuit Model for HPPC data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-current-dependent-internal-resistance-of-the-cells-for-3pyuo2tv.png Fig. 7 Current dependent internal resistance of the cells for charging and discharging; Imax corresponds to 424A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1c-discharge-capacity-and-ocv-curve-for-discharge-1eaqremu.png Fig. 4 1C discharge Capacity and OCV curve for discharge https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-soc-dependent-eis-plots-for-6-ncm-cells-pc10-10-soc-38tf8mre.png Fig. 5 SOC dependent EIS plots for 6 NCM Cells; pc10 = 10% SoC, etc. https://scispace.com/papers/electrical-conductivity-in-hexaalkoxytriphenylenes-1mfspdb0oz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-o-f-temperature-dependent-small-angle-x-ray-2v6o1gd9.png Table II Results o f temperature dependent small-angle X-ray measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-specific-conductivity-of-doped-triphenylenes-a-3ahu2v8v.png Fig. 3. Specific conductivity of doped triphenylenes A = HETJiodine; B = H ET'^iodine ; C = HET6/iodine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-specific-conductivity-of-undoped-triphenylenes-a-het4-3ocqwgrw.png Fig. 2. Specific conductivity of undoped triphenylenes A = HET4; B = H ET5; C = HET6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hexaalkoxytriphenylenes-x3l52j0e.png Fig. 1. Hexaalkoxytriphenylenes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-direct-current-dc-and-alternating-current-ac-con-1z5uuv00.png Fig. 4. Direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac) con ductivity o f HET5 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-i-i-activation-energies-o-f-conduction-1kp2gp1o.png Table I I I Activation energies o f conduction. https://scispace.com/papers/electrical-stimulation-versus-kinesitherapy-in-improving-v145f1k2ef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-enrolled-patients-2r4u1l7c.png Table 1 Demographic characteristics of enrolled patients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-design-d-w-days-per-week-35shhsth.png Fig. 1. Study design. d/w, days per week. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-functional-outcome-measures-2uwfqd3c.png Table 2 Functional outcome measures. https://scispace.com/papers/electrically-controllable-spin-states-of-holes-and-electrons-3g9kxddp62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-an-organic-device-and-the-organic-31ag2l3h.png Figure 1. Schematic of an organic device and the organic materials, and their energy diagrams. (a) Schematic structure of an organic semiconductor device used in this study. (b) Chemical structures of the organic semiconductor material RR-P3HT and pentacene. The definitions of the coordinate axes of RR-P3HT and pentacene molecules are shown. (c) Energy diagrams of the HOMO and LUMO of RR-P3HT and pentacene with different charge-accumulation process under different applied gate voltage (VG). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chemical-structures-and-the-dft-calculations-of-a-3jg0rgjw.png Figure 4. Chemical structures and the DFT calculations of a model molecule of RR-P3HT and pentacene. (a,b) Chemical structures of a thiophene heptamer (7T) (a) and a pentacene monomer (b) used for the DFT calculations. The definitions of the coordinate axes of 7T and pentacene molecules are shown. c-e, The spin density distribution of 7T (c,e) and pentacene (d,f) for cationic states (c,d) and anionic states (e,f) obtained from the DFT calculations. The directions of the principal axes of the calculated g tensors are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-number-of-spins-nspin-and-the-number-of-charges-1cjqhy92.png Figure 3. The number of spins (Nspin) and the number of charges (Ncharge) of the organic devices. (a) The VG dependence of the Nspin and Ncharge of the RR-P3HT device at H⊥ at RT, where the voltage between the asymmetric contact electrodes was not applied. The inset shows the data of X-ray diffraction for a RR-P3HT thin film. (b) The VG dependence of the Nspin and Ncharge of the pentacene device at the H⊥ at RT, where the voltage between the asymmetric contact electrodes was not applied. In (a) and (b), solid and open symbols denote the data for forward and reverse VG sweeps, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dependence-of-the-esr-spectra-of-the-organic-21p5skuj.png Figure 2. Dependence of the ESR spectra of the organic devices on the gate voltage. (a) The ESR spectra of the RR-P3HT device at positive and negative gate voltage (VG) at the external magnetic field H perpendicular to the substrate (H⊥) at room temperature (RT), where the voltage between the asymmetric contact electrodes was not applied. (b) The ESR spectra of the pentacene device at positive and negative VG at the H⊥ at RT, where the voltage between the asymmetric contact electrodes was not applied. https://scispace.com/papers/electroactive-poly-vinylidene-fluoride-based-materials-44ob5pten9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-ion-migration-and-bending-2af3fdiv.png Figure 4. Illustration of the ion migration and bending response of the IL/PVDF composites. Reprinted with permission from [58, 60]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peak-frequency-and-acceleration-for-various-energy-2qb0o1pc.png Table 2: Peak frequency and acceleration for various energy sources [133, 134]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sem-images-of-8-wt-tio2-p-vdf-trfe-membranes-cross-3lfeeqcx.png Figure 10. SEM images of 8 wt% TiO2/P(VDF–TrFE) membranes: cross-section (a,b); Photocatalytic degradation of tartrazine (10 mg l−1) with the 8 wt% TiO2/PVDF–TrFE nanocomposite, over 5 h of sunlight irradiation. Controls: irradiation of tartrazine solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-piezoelectric-and-pyroelectric-properties-of-pvdf-p-376pp6yp.png Table 1. Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of PVDF, P(VDF-TrFE) 70/30 and Lead zirconate titanate (PZT). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sem-micrographs-of-p-vdf-trfe-tio2-go-electrospun-2y6a3rqa.png Figure 11. SEM micrographs of P(VDF-TrFE)/TiO2/GO electrospun membranes with 20 % of GO/TiO2 (a) - the inset corresponds to a higher magnification of the sample; photocatalytic degradation of MB under visible radiation for P(VDF-TrFE) fiber membranes prepared with pure TiO2 (b), and membranes prepared with TiO2/GO nanocomposite (c) reproduced with permission from [125]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-displacement-of-the-composites-for-an-applied-1nk829b0.png Figure 7. Displacement of the composites for an applied voltage of 5 V and a frequency of 100 mHz (a) and as a function of frequency (b). c) Schematic representation of the ion migration and bending response and (b) bending motion as a function of time for the [PVDF]/[Pmim][TFSI] composite at a 100 mHz frequency and 5 V. Reprinted with permission from [58]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-a-capacity-retention-as-a-function-of-b-phase-3qpkhxbp.png Figure 18. a) Capacity retention as a function of β-phase content for the different membranes and b) Schematic representation of the interaction between lithium ions and the fluorine atoms of the β-phase of PVDF. Reproduced with permission from [175]. c) Cycling performance from 0.1C to 2C of cathodic half-cells from the different composite membranes and the pristine polymer. Reproduced with permission from [176]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-microscope-images-amplification-of-50x-of-a-17ymb12m.png Figure 12. Microscope images (amplification of 50×) of a commercial PMMA optical fibre (a); coated with 50% w/w TiO2/PVDF by one dip (b); Photocatalytic degradation versus number of uses (c), of 5 mg L−1 of CIP for 72 h under artificial sunlight using the 50 w/w% TiO2/PVDF-coated polymeric optical fibers. Reprinted with permission from [126]. https://scispace.com/papers/electrochemical-applications-of-electrolytes-based-on-ionic-52ofxt46g2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-voltammogram-of-the-polymer-electrolytes-at-a-25-m-2w95jh51.png Figure 4. Voltammogram of the polymer electrolytes at a 25 m diameter gold microelectrode versus Li/Li+. Initial sweep direction is anodic and the sweep rate was 100 mVs−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-illustration-of-the-electrochromic-2aafo43e.png Figure 5. Schematic illustration of the electrochromic structure device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dsc-curves-of-electrolyte-systems-3t1u86u3.png Figure 1. DSC curves of electrolyte systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cyclic-voltammograms-recorded-with-a-glassy-carbon-2ied691k.png Figure 6. Cyclic voltammograms recorded with a glassy carbon electrode (area = 0.07 cm2) at 100 mV s–1 in [N1 1 1 2(OH)][NTf2]: (A) 1,0 mM [Ni(tmc)]Br2; (B) 1,0 mM [Ni(tmc)]Br2 and 5,0 mM 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tga-curves-of-electrolyte-systems-1j7hxr7m.png Figure 2. TGA curves of electrolyte systems. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conductivity-curves-of-different-electrolyte-1p6tu5wn.png Figure 3. Conductivity curves of different electrolyte systems. https://scispace.com/papers/electrochemical-behaviour-of-myoglobin-at-an-array-of-2vz58tc1p0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-uv-vis-absorbance-spectra-of-10-um-mb-in-a-h20-b-10-xh86rnhj.png Figure 6. UV/Vis absorbance spectra of 10 µM Mb in (a) H20, (b) 10 mM LiCl and (c) 10 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS). (d) and e) correspond to 10 µM Mb in aqueous solutions of 10 mM LiCl pH 2 and 10 mM HCl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cv-of-5-um-mb-with-increasing-ionic-strength-of-the-3pqyj4a3.png Figure 3. CV of 5 µM Mb with increasing ionic strength of the aqueous phase. (a) (b) and (c) correspond to 1, 10 and 100 mM LiCl in 10 mM HCl, respectively. The electrochemical cell is as outlined in scheme 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cv-of-9-um-mb-in-a-ph-7-b-ph-12-c-ph-2-aqueous-1dqk3ziq.png Figure 4. CV of 9 µM Mb in (a) pH 7, (b) pH 12, (c) pH 2 aqueous phase, scan rate 5 mVs -1 . The blank scan (absence of Mb) is represented by the dashed line and the 9 µM Mb by the solid line. The electrochemical cell is as outlined in scheme 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cvs-of-5-um-mb-scan-rates-of-5-10-15-25-50-and-75-2umbgnfm.png Figure 2. CVs of 5 µM Mb, scan rates of 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 75 mVs -1 . The electrochemical cell is as outlined in scheme 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-cv-of-15-um-tea-b-cv-of-15-um-tea-plus-9-um-mb-vdvcpq8d.png Figure 5. (a) CV of 15 µM TEA + , (b) CV of 15 µM TEA + plus 9 µM Mb, and (c) CV of 9 µM Mb, scan rate 5 mVs -1 . On the voltammograms, the labels TEA + and Mb indicate features attributed to TEA + transfer and Mb adsorption/desorption, respectively. The electrochemical cell is as outlined in scheme 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cvs-of-1-3-and-6-um-mb-scan-rate-5-mvs-1-b-plot-3355ewcs.png Figure 1. (a) CVs of 1, 3 and 6 µM Mb, scan rate 5 mVs -1 . (b) Plot of reverse peak current versus myoglobin concentration. The electrochemical cell is as outlined as in scheme 1. https://scispace.com/papers/electrochemical-deoxidation-of-titanium-foam-in-molten-22sbt2hswy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sem-photograph-of-a-foam-sample-before-deoxygenation-1t5jk4w2.png Fig. 7—SEM photograph of a foam sample, before deoxygenation (magnification 110 times), showing the interconnected pore structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electro-reduction-of-tio2-synthetic-rutile-showing-2s08lk08.png Fig. 4—Electro-reduction of TiO2 (synthetic rutile), showing initial peaking (in current) behavior. Pellet dimensions: geometry, circular, and 2.5-cm diameter; thickness: 0.4 cm; temperature of the electrolyte: 950 C; applied voltage: 2.9 V; duration of polarization: 53.5 h; and salt: vacuum-dried and pre-electrolyzed CaCl2 (Fluka, granular) melt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-current-vs-time-profile-obtained-during-the-pre-2tiewnvi.png Fig. 5—Current vs time profile, obtained during the pre-electrolysis of (nominally) anhydrous and vacuum-dried CaCl2 (Fluka, granular variety). Electrolyte temperature: 900 C; applied voltage: 1.5 V; argon flow: 100 to 150 ccmin–1; duration: 19.5 h; and quantity of salt: 300 g. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sem-photograph-of-the-deoxidized-foam-magnification-3uwgvbo1.png Fig. 8—SEM photograph of the deoxidized foam (magnification 2200 times). The preparation conditions were as follows: salt, vacuum-dried (nominally anhydrous, Fluka, flake-type) CaCl2; amount, 300 g; pre-electrolysis parameters, electrolyte temperature, 900 C; applied voltage, 1.5 V; argon flow, 100 to 150 ccmin-1; duration, 19.5 h; deoxygenation parameters, electrolyte temperature, 900 C; applied voltage, 2.8 V; duration, 25 h; oxygen values, before deoxygenation, 0.775 mass pct; and after deoxygenation, 0.1702 mass pct. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photograph-of-the-foam-before-left-and-a-section-of-gmqi1nya.png Fig. 6—Photograph of the foam before (left) and a section of the same sample after (right) deoxidation. The deoxidized sample is almost free from carbon contamination. Electrolyte: fresh (and preelectrolyzed) CaCl2 (Fluka, granular variety); electrolyte temperature: 950 C; applied voltage: 2.8 V; duration of polarization: 25 h; and residual oxygen content: 0.1702 pct. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sem-edx-bulk-analysis-of-the-deoxidized-foam-b923oscq.png Fig. 9—SEM-EDX (bulk) analysis of the deoxidized foam. Preparation conditions were as follows: salt, vacuum-dried Fluka (nominally anhydrous, powdery-type) CaCl2; amount, 317 g; pre-electrolysis parameters, electrolyte temperature, 950 C; applied voltage, 1.7 V; argon flow, 70 to 80 ccmin-1; duration, 15 h; deoxygenation parameters, electrolyte temperature, 950 C; applied voltage, 2.9 V; duration, 30 h; oxygen values, before deoxygenation, 0.8272 mass pct; after deoxygenation, 0.1362 mass pct. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-electro-deoxidation-206t4r8n.png Fig. 1—Schematic representation of the electro-deoxidation experimental assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-typical-xrd-pattern-of-the-deoxidized-foam-of-the-24ssi4vt.png Fig. 10—Typical XRD pattern of the deoxidized foam (of the sample, whose EDX pattern is shown in Fig. 9), showing peaks of a-Ti only. https://scispace.com/papers/electrochemical-deposition-of-gold-at-liquid-liquid-40xpny7pc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-the-cv-anodic-peak-current-ip-a-a-and-37j97jjq.png Fig. 6 Dependence of the CV anodic peak current (Ip,a) (a) and the current variation rate (v) (b) on the time of potential cycling. Concentrations of [AuCl4] − ions were: 0.1 (1); 1 (2); 10 (3), and 100 μmol/L (4). (The rate of current variation is defined as v0ΔIp,a/Δt where ΔIp,a is the difference between two successive potential cycles; Δt is the time duration of a single potential cycle). The scan rate was 50 mV/s. The other conditions are the same as for Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-variation-of-the-net-sw-peak-current-for-ten-3hcybhq6.png Fig. 7 Variation of the net SW peak current for ten subsequent SW voltammograms recorded in a LiClO4(w) solution at concentration of 0.1 (1), 0.5 (2), and 1 mol/L (3). Concentration of K[AuCl4] was 100 μmol/L. The instrumental parameters were: frequency f020 Hz, amplitude Esw050 mV, and potential step dE01 mV. The other conditions are the same as for Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-effect-of-the-scan-rate-to-the-cyclic-voltammograms-1qtxfr2l.png Fig. 8 a Effect of the scan rate to the cyclic voltammograms of an Aumodified thin organic film electrode. The scan rates were: 5 (1), 10 (2), 20 (3), 30 (4), 40 (5), 50 (6), 60 (7), 80 (8), and 100 mV/s (9). b Quasireversible maxima recorded with a thin-film electrode (1) and Au-modified thin film electrode followed controlled potential deposition procedure (2) in contact with a 0.1 mol/L LiClO4 aqueous electrolyte solution. The NB film contained 50 mmol/L DMFC and 0.1 mol/L Bu4NClO4. In all cases, the gold deposition was conducted under in situ protocol by a potential cycling in 0.1 mol/L LiClO4 containing 100 μmol/L [AuCl4] −(w) until reaching a constant voltammetric response https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-catalytic-effect-of-the-gold-deposit-curves-1-on-the-pjou79oa.png Fig. 9 Catalytic effect of the gold deposit (curves 1) on the interfacial electron transfer reaction between DMFC(nb) and 1 mM [Fe(CN)6] 3−(w) (a) and 10 mM H2O2(w) (b). Curves 2 correspond to the experiments in the absence of gold particles. The electrode was modified with a gold deposit according to the “in situ” deposition protocol in 0.1 mol/L LiClO4(w) containing 0.17 mmol/L [AuCl4] −(w) until reaching a stable voltammetric response. The other conditions are the same as for Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-a-thin-organic-film-11c85gvg.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of a thin organic film-modified electrode consisting of black graphite, modified with a thin film of nitrobenzene, containing DMFC as a redox probe and (Bu)4NClO4 as an organic electrolyte. The modified electrode is immersed into an aqueous electrolyte solution containing LiClO4 as a supporting electrolyte and K[AuCl4] as an aqueous redox partner. The potential at the liquid interface is predominantly controlled by the partition of ClO4 − https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-optical-microscopy-image-of-a-gold-wire-formed-right-3cvqotgc.png Fig. 3 a Optical microscopy image of a gold wire formed right after the contact of a water droplet containing 1 mmol/L K[AuCl4] and a nitrobenzene droplet containing 50 mmol/L DMFC and 0.1 mol/L Bu4NClO4. The magnification scale is 10 μm. Snapshots at figures (b) and (c) show the same metal deposit with bigger magnifications on a scale of 50 and 30 μm, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ex-situ-deposition-protocol-a-cyclic-voltammograms-1qdj1hyf.png Fig. 2 Ex situ deposition protocol. a Cyclic voltammograms recorded with a modified thin film electrode in contact with a 0.1 mol/L LiClO4 aqueous solution, following the incubation of the electrode in a separate aqueous solution containing 1 mmol/L K[AuCl4] for 0 (1), 45 (2), 200 (3), 600 (4), and 1,000 s (5). The scan rate was ν050 mV/s. The nitrobenzene film contained 50 mmol/L of DMFC and 0.1 mol/L Bu4NClO4. Each voltammogram was recorded with a new modified electrode. b Controlled experiment performed under identical conditions as for (a), but the incubation solution was free of K[AuCl4] and contained only nitrobenzene saturated water https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-afm-images-of-au-deposit-obtained-with-an-aqueous-2pnzr2rc.png Fig. 4 AFM images of Au deposit obtained with an aqueous phase containing 1 mmol/L (a) and 50 mmol/L K[AuCl4] (b). c SEM image of Au deposited obtained under the same conditions as for (b). The other conditions are the same as for Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/electrochemical-quantized-capacitance-charging-of-surface-4mpi4zzmjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differential-pulse-voltammograms-dpv-panels-a-and-b-2pmvofks.png Figure 2. Differential pulse voltammograms (DPV, Panels A and B) and ac impedance-derived double-layer capacitancesCDL (Panels C and D) and charge transfer resistancesRCT (Panels E and F) of 0.1 mM MPC solutions (in 0.05 M Hx4NClO4 2:1 toluene:acetonitrile) and anchored MPCs. Left panels are based on preparations according to Figure 1A,C. Panel A: DPV of C4Au MPC solution (- - -) and anchored C4Au monolayer (-). Panel C: CDL results for anchored C4Au monolayer (1) and for TBBT monolayer self-assembled on Au (9). Panel E: RCT results for anchored C4Au monolayer (1). Right panels are based on preparations according to Figure 1B. Panel B: DPV of anchored monolayers of fractionated (-) and unfractionated (‚‚‚) C7-TBBT-Au MPCs and solution of fractionated C7-TBBT-Au MPCs (- - -), for which the current peaks are labeled with an asterisk (*) and the experimental time of ca. 20 min is too short for surface attachment reaction of Figure 1B to be significant. Panel D:CDL results for anchored monolayer of fractionated (1) and unfractionated (oooo) C7-TBBT-Au MPCs and naked Au electrode (•). Panel F:RCT results for anchored, fractionated, C7-TBBT-Au MPC monolayer (1). The sharp changes inCDL andRCT at the most negative potentials in panels D and F may be artifacts due to concurrent reduction of oxygen.EPZC is thought to lie at the arrows in Panels C-F. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cartoon-reactions-for-anchoring-mpcs-to-a-au-gjdykryf.png Figure 1. Cartoon reactions for anchoring MPCs to a Au electrode surface by two approaches: (A and C) reaction of a core-monodisperse butanethiolate-protected MPC (C4Au MPC), with a 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiolate (TBBT) self-assembled monolayer on Au, and (B) reaction of a clean Au surface with an MPC with a mixed heptanethiolate/TBBT protecting monolayer (C7-TBBT-Au MPC, either unfractionated or partially fractionated). The anchored MPC monolayer in (C) shows only the linker TBBTs for simplicity; the other TBBT units are presumed to still be present. (D) shows the assumed electrochemical equivalent circuit of the modified Au interface, whereRSOLN is solution resistance,CDL is electrode double layer capacitance, andRCT is cluster/ solution electron transfer resistance. (E) shows a schematic top view of anchored monolayer in whichd is taken as average center-center core separation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-eq-1-for-dpv-formal-potentials-for-c4au-30kvvp3k.png Figure 3. Plots of eq 1 for DPV formal potentials for C4Au and C7-TBBT-Au MPC solutions and anchored monolayers. Values ofCCLU from the slopes are 0.75 aF (C4 Au monolayer; 0.66 aF if the points in the curving, most positive potential part of the plot are omitted), 0.59 aF (C4 Au solution), 0.53 aF (C7-TBBT-Au monolayer), and 0.55 aF (C7-TBBT-Au solution). Calculation ofCCLU from the potential difference∆V between the z ) +1/0 and 0/-1 DPV peaks gives 0.42 and 0.53 aF/cluster for solution C4 Au and C7-TBBT-Au MPCs, respectively, and 0.46 and 0.55 aF/cluster, respectively, for the anchored MPCs. https://scispace.com/papers/electrochemically-generated-catalyst-system-with-increased-aies8blh8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-w4f-region-of-the-xps-spectrum-of-wcl6-reduced-or-1rmiwsht.png Fig. 2. W4f region of the XPS spectrum of WCl6, reduced or pulsed WCl6 and two olefin complexes. The extra peaks denoted by C correspond to W /olefin adduct. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cyclic-voltammogram-of-1-0-10-3-m-wcl6-solution-in-3ekmp5rj.png Fig. 1. Cyclic voltammogram of 1.0 /10 3 M WCl6 solution in methylene chloride-0,01 M TBABF4 on Pt disc electrode. Scan rate: 100 mV s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gas-chromatograms-of-the-solution-taken-after-the-1l4nafpr.png Fig. 3. Gas chromatograms of the solution taken after the solution of (A) WCl6 /olefin mixture is reductively electrolyzed, (B) WCl6 is reductively electrolyzed and excess olefin is added following electrolysis. https://scispace.com/papers/electrografting-of-mixed-organophosphonic-monolayers-for-si-2e5uv6hvq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-water-contact-angles-for-bare-niti-ht-niti-bupaniti-2twrmqop.png Fig. 1: Water contact angles for bare NiTi, HT-NiTi, BUPANiTi, C10P-NiTi, and BUPA/C10P-NiTi (in various ratios) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-xps-c1-s-core-levels-for-ht-niti-bottom-27k0v8f3.png Fig. 3: Representative XPS C1 s core levels for HT-NiTi (bottom) and BUPA/C10P-NiTi in various ratios (top) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pm-irras-spectra-for-ht-niti-bupa-niti-c10pniti-and-2y1qeed7.png Fig. 2: PM-IRRAS spectra for HT-NiTi, BUPA-NiTi, C10PNiTi, and BUPA/C10P-NiTi (in various ratios) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-normalized-secm-fb-mapping-for-bupa-c10p-niti-20-80-495341h4.png Fig. 13: Normalized SECM FB mapping for BUPA/C10P NiTi (20/80) and PMPC-NiTi prepared for 1, 3, or 6 h (obtained in 1 mM FeMeOH/0.1 M KNO3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-model-structures-of-c10p-and-bupa-a-and-schematic-wmvlvbgv.png Fig. 4: Model structures of C10P and BUPA (a) and schematic representation of BUPA/C10P coating thickness (based on XPS results) (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representative-polarization-curves-for-bare-niti-ht-21qwundy.png Fig. 5: Representative polarization curves for bare NiTi, HT-NiTi, and representative BUPA/C10P-NiTi (20/80) in 0.5 M NaCl at a scan rate of 1 mV s21 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sem-images-of-pmpc-niti-prepared-for-1-3-or-6-h-38z3rcyr.png Fig. 11: SEM images of PMPC-NiTi prepared for 1, 3, or 6 h https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-polarization-curves-for-bupa-c10p-niti-20-80-and-pmpc-39ygirj5.png Fig. 12: Polarization curves for BUPA/C10P NiTi (20/80) and PMPC-NiTi prepared for 1, 3, or 6 h (obtained in 0.5 M NaCl at a scan rate of 1 mV s21) https://scispace.com/papers/electromagnetic-scattering-from-a-corn-canopy-2658gnx4c2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-division-of-a-cylinder-into-two-identical-sub-yyqp3m9p.png Figure 5. Division of a cylinder into two identical sub-cylinder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-magnitudes-of-both-hh-and-vv-bistatic-237q8c5r.png Figure 6. Comparison of magnitudes of both HH and VV bistatic scattering functions at L band between VPM and MoM. Incidence angle is 130◦. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-corn-canopy-parameters-wgqx6kaa.png Table 1. Corn canopy parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-hh-backscattering-coefficients-3nd2o69h.png Figure 8. Comparison of HH backscattering coefficients between theories and measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-vv-backscattering-coefficients-1v5od0ff.png Figure 9. Comparison of VV backscattering coefficients between theories and measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-magnitudes-of-both-hh-and-vv-bistatic-28e5gwmk.png Figure 1. Comparison of magnitudes of both HH and VV bistatic scattering functions at L band between GRGA and MoM. Incidence angle is 130◦. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-backscattering-coefficients-between-urpye9up.png Figure 12. Comparison of backscattering coefficients between theory and RADARSAT-2 data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-effect-of-inclination-angle-distribution-of-1osnj4p3.png Figure 13. The effect of inclination angle distribution of corn leaves on backscattering coefficients at C band: Normal distribution is assumed. https://scispace.com/papers/electromagnetic-techniques-to-minimize-the-risk-of-hazardous-21d7awj18z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-change-in-temperature-t-near-the-distal-electrode-2kvsbyxu.png Fig. 8. The change in temperature ∆T near the distal electrode after 5 min of simulated scanning for various amounts of uniform wire resistance. The insulation is 350 µm thick. The linearity between the resistance and resistivity confirms that the skin depth is sufficiently larger than the metal thickness, such that the current is uniform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photograph-of-the-optocon-ts2-probe-red-aligned-v2zdg7zh.png Fig. 6. Photograph of the Optocon TS2 probe (red) aligned alongside the bared end of the insulated wire sample (yellow). Scale is in centimeters. An adjustable mechanism supports the TS2 probe and holds it in position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-change-in-temperature-t-near-the-distal-electrode-2u5wck21.png Fig. 7. The change in temperature ∆T near the distal electrode for three types of insulated wires, varying by insulation thickness, after 5 minutes scanning. Simulated data is verified by several measurements about the resonant peaks. The x-axis is normalized individually for each insulation type, such that the peaks occur at 0.41λPti. The respective wavelengths are λP700 = 0.72 m, λP350 = 0.61 m, and λP21 = 0.32 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-e-field-at-one-end-of-a-800-um-diameter-bare-1jqukmun.png Fig. 1. Average E-field at one end of a 800 µm diameter bare wire for various lengths in a lossy phantom (σ = 0.47 S/m) to model a human body. The wire length is normalized to a wavelength of 0.24 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-worst-case-t-x-z-at-the-distal-electrode-after-5-3091knc5.png Fig. 4. The worst-case T (x, z) at the distal electrode after 5 minutes of simulated scanning. The wire length was 0.41λPn and blood perfusion was included. The initial temperature was 37 ◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-clear-acrylic-phantom-on-the-bed-of-the-mri-machine-215tf6hp.png Fig. 5. Clear acrylic phantom on the bed of the MRI machine with operator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-change-in-temperature-t-near-the-distal-electrode-39v3stzs.png Fig. 3. The change in temperature ∆T near the distal electrode of the insulated wire after 5 minutes of simulated scanning. The insulation covering the 800 µm diameter wire is 350 µm thick. The length of the wire is normalized to a wavelength of 0.61 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-e-field-at-the-distal-electrode-of-an-2x5vhvxb.png Fig. 2. Average E-field at the distal electrode of an insulated wire in a lossy phantom (σ = 0.47 S/m). The insulation covering the 800 µm diameter wire is 350 µm thick. The wire length is normalized to a wavelength of 0.61 m. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-backscatter-diffraction-in-low-vacuum-conditions-58mpzul807 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-charge-balance-and-imaging-process-3i1ubi9d.png Figure 1. Schematic of the charge balance and imaging process in an ESEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-average-diffraction-pattern-peak-intensity-1wvntfgm.png Figure 2. Plot of average diffraction pattern peak intensity as a function of vapor pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-map-identifying-the-phase-of-individual-2kvqi78s.png Figure 6. Phase map identifying the phase of individual grains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-raw-diffraction-patterns-from-a-silicon-single-1apx2aha.png Figure 3. Raw diffraction patterns from a silicon single crystal at (a) 10-4Pa, (b) 50Pa, and (c) 200Pa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-energy-dispersive-spectroscopy-signals-for-both-al-1fua703l.png Figure 5. Energy dispersive spectroscopy signals for both Al and Ti used to distinguish between the two crystal types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-diffraction-pattern-from-brushite-single-crystal-2hz66dp8.png Figure 9. Diffraction pattern from brushite single crystal. The orientation determined from indexing the diffraction pattern was used to simulate diffraction for verification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-crystal-structures-of-aln-and-tib2-1u8mh8ub.png Figure 4. Crystal structures of AlN and TiB2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-micrograph-of-the-brushite-single-crystal-1vypoaim.png Figure 8. SEM micrograph of the brushite single crystal examined. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-cyclotron-heating-results-on-jft-2-and-their-16vja1pcn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-voltage-drop-and-central-electron-temperature-3m631oyj.png Fig. 4. Relative voltage drop and central electron temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-change-in-relative-lineaveraged-density-interferometer-paovqs26.png Fig. 8 . Change in relative lineaveraged density (interferometer) and central density (Thomson scattering) as a function of the initial line-averaged density, for Rt = 0.93 T and rill = 0.66. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-the-central-electron-temperature-measured-by-3sv929dh.png Figure 2 shows the central electron temperature measured by Thomson scattering (circles) and soft X-ray pulse height analysis (squares) when 111) k\J of rf power is launched into the plasma. The toroidal field is 10 kG, which places the resonance at the center of the plasma. The central density is 5.5 x 1012 ~m'~, which is 85% of the cutoff density of 1 * 1013 (wp7/w2 = 1). The ohmic power prior to the rf is 85 kW. The effect of the rf power is to raise the central temperature from 600 eV to 1000 eV. The one-turn voltage decreases by 32% due to the drop in plasma resistivity as the temperature rises. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-central-tenperature-as-a-function-of-density-measured-7o0eabgm.png Fig. 3. Central tenperature as a function of density measured 10 msec' into the heating pulse for the perpendicular outside launch https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-doublet-i11-microwave-1-rcu-transmission-system-35gutr4h.png Fig. 11. Doublet I11 microwave 1 rcu transmission system. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-deficient-dicyanovinylene-ladder-type-3vijadgcn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sketch-of-frontier-molecular-orbitals-of-a-noq4ixep.png Figure 3. Sketch of frontier molecular orbitals of a simplified model of LPP (left) LPP(=O)2 (middle) and LPP(=C(CN)2)2 (right) (methyl instead of octyl groups) from DFT cal ulations (see details in experimental part) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalized-uv-vis-spectra-of-lpp-o-2-red-lpp-c-cn-2-1epj42qt.png Figure 4. Normalized UV-Vis spectra of LPP(=O)2 (red), LPP(=C(CN)2)2 (black), in solution in cyclohexane Inset: focus on the 400/9 nm portion of the spectra (n-π* transitions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-behaviour-of-the-threshold-voltage-vth-the-on-81l9l7g2.png Figure 11. (a) Behaviour of the threshold voltage VTH, the on-current IDS at VGS=+40V and the subthreshold swing S during a gate bias stress (VGS=+40V and VDS=0). (b) Perfect linearity between IDS and VTH during this stress. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-behaviour-of-the-ratio-ion-t-ion-0-with-ion-t-2wo5v3yg.png Figure 10. Behaviour of the ratio ION(t)/ION(0) with ION(t) being the on-current at t in air and ION(0) being the on-current under nitrogen atmosphere b fore releasing the OFET outside of the glove box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-transfer-a-and-output-b-characteristics-of-an-26nwy2e4.png Figure 8. left: Transfer (a) and output (b) characteristics of an n-OFET with 500 µm wide and 10 µm long channel. Right: Bottom Gate – Bottom Contacts structure of the present n channel OFETs (c) and main parameters of the OFET calculated from the characteristics of a) and b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-behaviour-under-nitrogen-atmosphere-of-the-ratio-27xuqyho.png Figure 9. Behaviour under nitrogen atmosphere of the ratio ION(t)/ION(0) with ION(t) being the on-current at t and ION(0) being the on-current just after the fabrication of the OFET. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-absorption-spectra-of-lpp-o-2-left-300-400-nm-range-21dqdhjd.png Figure 5. Absorption spectra of LPP(=O)2 (Left: 300/400 nm range, right: 400/700 nm range) in cyclohexane (black line), in THF (red line) and in ethanol (blue line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-absorption-spectra-of-lpp-c-cn-2-2-left-300-500-nm-1b9rqivm.png Figure 6. Absorption spectra of LPP(=C(CN)2)2 (Left: 300/500 nm range, right: 800/850 nm range,) in cyclohexane (black line), in THF (red line) and in ethanol (blue line) https://scispace.com/papers/electron-detachment-dynamics-of-the-iodide-guanine-cluster-zy90htzl4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-i-g-clusters-calculated-at-the-uuec60jc.png Table 1. Properties of the I-∙G clusters calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory, with 6-311G(d,p)/SDD for I-. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-impact-double-ionization-of-neon-argon-and-2ij29f8igw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinematical-parameters-considered-in-this-study-the-emijigvx.png Table 1. Kinematical parameters considered in this study. The last column indicates the forward and backward directions of ejection of the ‘b’-electron (θF-TS2 and θB-TS2, respectively) as predicted by our kinematical model, see text. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-radiation-damage-mechanisms-in-2d-mose2-2pinld89ur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-quantitative-results-for-the-four-different-3t9vnp14.png TABLE I. Quantitative results for the four different heterostructure configurations. N is the total number of the selenium atoms in the investigated area and V is the number of the produced vacancies after an dose φ. The damage–cross– section σ, which describes the vacancy production probability, is determined with ∆V/(Nφ). For the confidence intervals we took √ N for N, √ V for V, and 1% for the electron dose were assumed. The values for the damage–cross–section of MoS2 were taken from15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-damage-rate-on-tmds-under-the-1a49w0bk.png FIG. 2. Comparison of the damage rate on TMDs under the electron beam for different heterostructure configurations. The initial HRTEM image, and an image after an dose of φ = 7.7×108e−/nm2 are shown. (a) Free–standing MoSe2 (b) MoSe2 with a protection layer of graphene on the entry surface of the electron beam (G/MoSe2). (c) MoSe2 with graphene on the exit surface (MoSe2/G). (d) A Sandwich where MoSe2 was coated with graphene from both sides (G/MoSe2/G). The HRTEM images (a–d) show an increase in resistance against radiation damage going from free–standing to the G/MoSe2/G heterostructure. The scale bar corresponds to 1 nm. The frames were numerically corrected for residual A2 astigmatism in the order of 100 nm 21. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-an-optical-microscopy-image-from-a-quantifoil-au-degvr1rp.png FIG. 1. (a) An optical microscopy image from a quantifoil Au–grid with a G/MoSe2/G sandwich. The different layers are enlarged in the inset and framed with colors, where the red and yellow flakes are graphene and the green one is MoSe2. The scale bar corresponds to 50 µm. (b) An electron diffraction pattern of G/MoSe2/G with the MoSe2 peaks at 3.5 nm−1 and graphene peaks at 4.7 nm−1. The neighbouring graphene peaks correspond to two graphene layers which are in slightly different orientations. (c) A 80 kV AC–HRTEM image of G/MoSe2 (left area) and G/MoSe2/G (right area) after a total electron dose of 3.1 × 109 e/nm2. It is striking that the left area with the G/MoSe2 configuration is highly damaged while the right area is still in a good condition. The scale bar corresponds to 3 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-positron-pair-production-in-relativistic-heavy-ion-3o344kezz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-of-the-transverse-momentum-distribution-of-3qazgzy8.png Fig. 16. Comparison of the transverse momentum distribution of the pair for the STAR experiment to the QED and the EPA calculation. Same as in Fig. 14. Taken from [38]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-one-of-the-two-lowest-order-diagrams-for-the-pair-1vyvk4wt.png Fig. 7. One of the two lowest order diagrams for the pair production from two (virtual) photons with momenta k and p+ q − k. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pair-production-in-a-strong-static-field-e-the-total-3qmqteow.png Fig. 1. Pair production in a strong static field E. The total potential is given by the potential energy (solid line) of the electron in the binding potential V (x) (dashed line) and in the static electric potential eE. We may consider the electron bound by a potential of depth ∼ 2mc2. In the Schwinger process the electron tunnels through the barrier and an e+e− pair is created, see [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-electromagnetic-fields-of-two-heavy-ions-in-an-356pomp8.png Fig. 2. The electromagnetic fields of two heavy ions in an ultraperipheral collision. These fields can be decomposed into a spectrum of quasireal photons (Weizsäcker-Williams approximation). The collision of two photons gives rise to a dilepton pair. The collision of photons radiated from each nucleus are a copious source of e+e− pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-special-structure-of-the-electromagnetic-h3iw0qsd.png Fig. 6. The special structure of the electromagnetic interaction can be seen in this t-z plot. Due to the Lorentz contraction, the electromagnetic fields are localized in two sheets corresponding to z = ±t. In the ’retarded’ or ’Dirac sea’ approach (left), an electron with negative energy comes from t = −∞, crosses the field of each ion only once before leaving as an electron with positive energy. In the ’Feynman’ approach (right), the positron comes from t = +∞ and can go forward and backward in time interacting a number of times with the ions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-bound-free-pair-production-is-the-pair-production-2vr9iesf.png Fig. 12. Bound free pair production is the pair production process, where the electron is produced into a bound state of one of the ions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-of-the-distribution-of-the-pair-mass-for-f8nzwwzz.png Fig. 14. Comparison of the distribution of the pair mass for the STAR experiment to the theoretical QED calculations of [86] and to a calculation using the equivalent photon approximation (EPA). Taken from [38] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-the-transverse-momentum-distribution-of-dqw6g26p.png Fig. 15. Comparison of the transverse momentum distribution of the electron and the positron for the STAR experiment to the QED and the EPA calculation. Same as in Fig. 14. Taken from [38] https://scispace.com/papers/electron-phonon-relaxation-rates-and-optical-gain-in-a-1yvjhhh7me 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-positions-of-relevant-discrete-states-in-the-structure-13i45vg1.png FIG. 5. Positions of relevant discrete states in the structure for the magnetic field of B=20.5 T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ratio-of-the-total-electron-areal-densities-in-all-1dwx98yw.png FIG. 3. The ratio of the total electron areal densities, in all LLs of the third and second subband, as a function of the magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-total-electron-relaxation-rate-due-to-emission-of-1mcxezyp.png FIG. 2. The total electron relaxation rate due to emission of optical and acoustic phonons as a function of magnetic field, for transitions from the states3,0d into LLs belonging to the two lower subbands. https://scispace.com/papers/electron-transfer-prompted-ejection-of-a-tightly-bound-k-1z4rhhh7p5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ortep-diagram-showing-the-structure-of-9s-k-bph4-377fdx45.png Figure 2 ORTEP diagram showing the structure of [9s, K+] -BPh4 with a single CH3OH molecule complexed to K+. The hydrogens are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-square-wave-voltammograms-of-2-5-x-10-4-m-9s-in-97-1pljgtyq.png Figure 3 Square-wave voltammograms of 2.5 × 10-4 M 9s in 97:3 dichloromethane−acetonitrile recorded after each addition (as indicated) of substoichiometric increments of 2.5 × 10-2 M KB(C6F5)4 solution in MeCN at 22 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cyclic-voltammograms-of-2-5-x-10-4-m-9u-9s-and-10-a0wazx1n.png Figure 1 Cyclic voltammograms of 2.5 × 10-4 M 9u, 9s, and 10 (as indicated) in 97:3 dichloromethane−acetonitrile at a scan rate of ν = 100 mV s-1 (22 °C). In each figure, the corresponding square wave voltammograms are also shown in red. https://scispace.com/papers/electronic-and-vibrational-properties-of-tis2-zrs2-and-hfs2-5gg8y78ahu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dft-optimized-and-experimental5253-lattice-constants-1xeegl3m.png Table 1: DFT-optimized and experimental52,53 lattice constants a and c (in Å) for TiS2, ZrS2, and HfS2. The numbers in parentheses show the deviation from experimental values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-and-experimental616366-lo-to-splitting-2tnstfjt.png Table 3: Calculated and experimental61,63,66 LO–TO splitting for TiS2, ZrS2, and HfS2 (cm −1 units). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulated-and-experimental-raman-spectrum-of-tis2-24qozgcz.png Figure 7: Simulated and experimental Raman spectrum of TiS2 (both spectra from this work). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-vibrational-frequencies-of-the-ir-and-2dpf4f0o.png Table 2: Calculated vibrational frequencies of the IR and Raman active optical modes in TiS2, ZrS2, and HfS2 (cm −1 units). The values in parentheses show the difference to the experimental spectra.60,61 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-atomic-displacements-in-the-ir-and-raman-active-1uft8qri.png Figure 4: Atomic displacements in the IR- and Raman-active modes of TiS2, ZrS2, and HfS2. Blue square and yellow circles represent metal and sulfur atoms, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-band-structure-and-density-of-states-dos-at-the-dft-2hf2ypli.png Figure 2: Band structure and density of states (DOS) at the DFT-PBE0-D3(ZD)/TZVP level of theory: a) TiS2; b) ZrS2; c) HfS2. The top of the valence bands is at 0 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-crystal-structure-of-the-studied-ms2-compounds-2ixj47o7.png Figure 1: The crystal structure of the studied MS2 compounds (M = Ti, Zr, Hf). Left: Side view, Right: top view. Blue: M, yellow: S. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calculated-raman-spectra-for-tis2-zrs2-and-hfs2-33vandar.png Figure 5: Calculated Raman spectra for TiS2, ZrS2, and HfS2. https://scispace.com/papers/electronic-cigarette-use-in-young-people-in-great-britain-qd9ocdvsxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-95-ci-of-ec-use-and-perception-of-harm-by-1g1o0n4f.png Table 1 Percentage (95% CI) of EC use and perception of harm by smoking status in 11-18 years olds in Great Britain, 2013-2016 https://scispace.com/papers/electronic-and-magnetic-structure-of-the-lamno3-2n-srmno3-n-4h1ly5vsv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-unit-cell-of-lmo-2-smo-1-superlattice-and-9szeko0v.png FIG. 1. Schematic unit cell of LMO 2 / SMO 1 superlattice and the magnetic structure as predicted from the DFT calculations. Mn-0 represents the interfacial Mn atoms surrounded by both SrO and LaO layers and Mn-1 represents the Mn atoms inside the LMO part. Because the SMO part is small, there is no Mn atom surrounded by two SrO layers in this structure. The nearest-neighbor Mn-Mn exchange interactions are indicated by the J’s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-upper-panel-and-partial-spin-resolved-dos-for-36mwo1nj.png FIG. 2. Total upper panel and partial spin-resolved DOS for the ferromagnetic LMO 2 / SMO 1 superlattice. The labeling of the Mn atoms is as in Fig. 1. Upper and lower segments within each panel correspond, respectively, to the majority ↑ and minority ↓ spin densities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-magnetic-moments-radius-1-153-a-and-the-2i71fzc6.png TABLE I. Calculated magnetic moments radius 1.153 Å and the exchange interactions. A negative J corresponds to an FM interaction and a positive J corresponds to an AFM interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-unit-cell-of-lmo-4-smo-2-superlattice-and-17d89s8b.png FIG. 3. Schematic unit cell of LMO 4 / SMO 2 superlattice and the magnetic structure as obtained from the DFT calculations. Oxygen atoms occur at the intersections of the checkered lines forming the MnO6 octahedron. Mn atoms of each MnO2 layer are labeled as shown in the figure. Definitions of the exchange interactions for the LMO 6 / SMO 3 superlattice are identical to the ones shown here, and they are also consistent with Fig. 1 for the LMO 4 / SMO 2 superlattice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-variations-in-the-oxygen-1s-core-energy-and-d-the-30ox4fss.png FIG. 4. a – c Variations in the oxygen 1s core energy and d the energy of the lowest Mn-eg state of each MnO2 layer, obtained from the layer-projected wave-function characters. Mn atoms of each MnO2 layer are labeled as shown in the figure. The interfacial manganese atoms Mn-0 , which are sandwiched by the LaO and SrO layers, are shown by open circles with vertical dashed lines, indicating the position of the interface. The magnetic ordering of Mn spins for each layer as obtained from the DFT calculations is shown with the symbols F FM , G G-AFM , and A A-AFM . A potential barrier is clearly seen for the n=2 and n=3 superlattices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spin-up-and-spin-down-mn-d-dos-for-the-n-3-2l1rb0fn.png FIG. 5. Spin-up ↑ and spin-down ↓ Mn-d DOS for the n =3 superlattice. Up and down spins are with respect to the local magnetic moment of the Mn atom. The labeling of the Mn atoms is as in Fig. 4. The projected Mn-3 densities not shown here are similar to the Mn-2 densities as the bulk limit has already been reached. https://scispace.com/papers/electronic-excitations-on-silver-surfaces-30s4aj2p93 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-angle-and-energy-resolved-photoyield-spectra-ag-100-2cgu0zgk.png FIG. 6. Angle- and energy-resolved photoyield spectra Ag~100! adlayers and single crystal surface in the low photon ergy range. The spectra have been shifted along the vertical ax the clarity of presentation. The components~featureA—thin solid line, featureB—dashed line, featureC—thick solid line! of the fitted spectra are shown below each spectrum, while the total fi superposed on the experimental spectrum. The minimum at the plasmon energy between featuresA8 and C is shown by a bold arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-aerpy-spectra-for-the-bulk-ag-100-single-crystal-28px5a7b.png FIG. 7. AERPY spectra for the bulk Ag~100! single crystal surface as a function of binding energy~BE! at which the spectra are recorded in the constant initial state mode. The spectra have shifted along the vertical axis for clarity. The shift in the position featureB with binding energy is marked. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-aerpy-spectra-for-ag-111-adlayers-in-the-low-photon-214jvgxg.png FIG. 8. AERPY spectra for Ag~111! adlayers in the low photon energy range. The components~featureA—thin solid line, feature B—dashed line, featureC—thick solid line! of the fitted spectra are shown below each spectrum, while the total fit is superposed on experimental spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ag-100-normal-emission-arpes-spectra-as-a-functi-of-2d9iqnm6.png FIG. 1. Ag~100! normal emission ARPES spectra as a functi of photon energy~6–18 eV!. The inset shows the direct transitio peakD which disperses towardsEF with decreasing photon energ and is not observed below 9 eV. The spectra are shifted along vertical axis for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normal-emission-arpes-spectra-for-ag-100-with-27z1yf26.png FIG. 2. Normal emission ARPES spectra for Ag~100! with decreased work function~by submonolayer Na deposition! as a function of photon energy~3.5–6 eV!. Inset shows a comparison o f ature I in Ag~100! and Na deposited Ag~100! spectra forhn 56 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-aerpy-spectra-for-bulk-ag-100-crystal-surface-as-a-2rvaen7x.png FIG. 9. AERPY spectra for bulk Ag~100! crystal surface as a function of Na deposition (,1 ML) on the surface. An increase i featureC intensity is clearly observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normal-emission-arpes-spectra-for-ag-111-adlayer-of-22-16w7sh9r.png FIG. 4. Normal emission ARPES spectra for Ag~111! adlayer of 22 ML thickness~open circles! compared with spectra for bulk Ag~100! single crystal~filled circles! as a function of photon energ ~5–8 eV!. The direct transition feature in Ag~111! is marked byD, while the indirect transition feature in Ag~100! is marked byI. Inset shows the experimental~open circle! and calculated~solid line! ARPES spectra for Ag~111! bulk single crystal surface forhn 58 eV from Miller et al. in Ref. 24 In the inset, difference betwee experiment and theory~thick solid line! is compared with Ag~100! spectrum~filled circles! recorded withhn58 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculated-band-structure-of-ag-alonggx-and-gl-27rcjvvz.png FIG. 3. Calculated band structure of Ag alongGX and GL directions~from Fusteret al. in Ref. 37!. The energy scale refers t the Fermi level. https://scispace.com/papers/electronic-texture-of-the-thermoelectric-oxide-na0-75coo2-2avok3o14d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-na-ordering-pattern-proposed-for-x-0-75-kdnh9kup.png FIG. 4 (color online). Na ordering pattern proposed for x 0:75 in Ref. [13]. Sodium ions at Na(1) positions may hop (arrows) onto unoccupied neighboring Na(2) positions (solid triangles) but sodium ions at Na(2) positions (triangle centers) cannot because edge-sharing triangles cannot be occupied simultaneously. Our NMR data suggest a similar selective mobility in Na0:75CoO2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-59k-for-the-co1-co2-and-co3-sites-in-3ucipf6w.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) 59K for the Co1, Co2, and Co3 sites, in two field orientations. The hatched area represents the phase with magnetic order below TM 22 K. (b) 23K for 0 (calibrated from the 23Na resonance in aqueous NaCl solution). The vertical dashed line denotes the temperature of 180 K, where the 23Na line splits. (c) 59T1T 1 for the Co1 and the Co2 plus Co3 signals (Co2 and Co3 central lines cannot be separated in T1 measurements performed on central lines with H k c). Continuous lines are fit results: T1T 1 4:5 s 1 K 1, T1T 1 8 800= T 35 s 1 K 1. Below 50 K, critical fluctuations above TM enhance T 11 , with a progressive loss of Co2 and Co3 signals. (d) Corresponding T 11 data. (e) 23T 11 data for the three main 23Na lines. All T1 values were obtained by fitting the recovery curves to standard expressions for magnetic relaxation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-spectrum-for-h-k-c-circles-and-t-30-k-3doike1o.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Spectrum for H k c (circles) and T 30 K, with the total simulation (line) resulting from the Co1, Co2, and Co3 sites displayed in panel (b). Each site consists of seven lines split by the quadrupole frequency 59 c. c 0:57 MHz for Co1 is close to the value (0.68 MHz) for Co3 sites in Na1CoO2 [24], and is distinctly lower than c 1:22 MHz for Co2 and 1.14 MHz for Co3. (c) Spectrum for 54:7 where the quadrupole splitting vanishes, and T 50 K. Co2 and Co3 lines are much broader and more shifted than for H k c. These two lines have a much shorter spin-spin relaxation time T2 than the Co1 line, so they can be isolated from the latter by subtracting spectra taken at two different values of the NMR pulse spacing (Inset). Note that, for 54:7 , the Co1 line is actually split into Co1a and Co1b sublines. This effect arises from either in-plane (hyperfine or magnetic) anisotropy or from differences in the Co nearest neighbors at the Co1 sites. For simplicity, we report here only the properties of the more intense, less shifted, Co1a line (the maximum Kiso difference between Co1a and Co1b is 5 to 10 times smaller than the difference between the Co1 and the Co2 or Co3 sites). https://scispace.com/papers/electronic-transport-properties-of-fullerene-functionalized-3bwtglt3sq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transmission-as-a-function-of-energy-for-nanobuds-cnb0-25grej5n.png FIG. 2. Transmission as a function of energy for nanobuds CNB0, CNB1, CNB2, and a passivated six-vacancy CNBV. Results for a pristine 8,8 SWNT are shown for comparison dotted line . For all neck sizes the transmission is strongly reduced except for a plateau region below EF. With increasing neck length this region shifts upward in energy and more dips appear at low energies. The CNBV has a strongly reduced transmission in the plateau region and high transmission at EF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-transmission-for-swnt-cnb3-and-cnb15-22ug7g03.png FIG. 4. Color online The transmission for SWNT, CNB3, and CNB15 calculated with a tight-binding model. The trends from first-principles calculations are well captured for the smaller CNB3 system. Significantly increasing the system size results in a large number of dips which below EF display some degree of periodicity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-typical-cnb-structures-studied-in-this-1ux2d8ro.png FIG. 1. Color online Typical CNB structures studied in this work. The CNB consists of an imperfect C60 attached to an armchair 8,8 SWNT via a neck region, made of a 6,0 SWNT. The number of unit cells in the neck region can vary; panel a shows a zero-unit-cell neck CNB0 while b shows a two-unit-cell neck CNB2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-top-pdos-for-the-bud-and-neck-parts-of-95t7zqcw.png FIG. 3. Color online Top: PDOS for the bud and neck parts of the CNB3 system. There is a strong correlation between PDOS and the transmission. Bottom: the probability of the eigenchannel scattering states at the dip in transmission indicated by an arrow in the top panel. Comparing left T=0.74 and right panel T=0.26 shows that stronger reduction in transmission is related to stronger localization of states in the bud and neck. https://scispace.com/papers/elementary-landscape-decomposition-of-the-hamiltonian-path-3xzht74qym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-reversal-and-swap-for-a-permutation-of-9oi0b1hi.png Fig. 1. Examples of reversal and swap for a permutation of size 6. https://scispace.com/papers/elite-preferences-and-transparency-promotion-in-kazakhstan-5996svifu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-economic-and-political-indicators-for-s9em7tdd.png Table 1 - Selected Economic and Political Indicators for Kazakhstan https://scispace.com/papers/eliminating-the-effect-of-freezing-frames-on-user-perceptive-1fxoc1m4qr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-video-streaming-sequence-2urjy1u0.png Fig. 3 Video streaming sequence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-proposed-tirs-technique-where-dt-1-s-p213fn3x.png Fig. 4 The proposed TIRS technique, where Dt = 1 s https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-statistical-data-analysis-for-different-videos-3q5blvkj.png Table 3 The statistical data analysis for different videos and for different outage time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-buffering-behaviour-corresponding-to-the-frame-3kc9owcn.png Fig. 6 The buffering behaviour corresponding to the frame types and frame lost https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-mos-for-different-video-contents-and-for-different-6vb1ohqt.png Fig. 7 The MOS for different video contents and for different outage time, showing the average and the standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-compressed-video-size-bytes-and-the-number-of-eg9i01b3.png Table 1 The compressed video size (bytes) and the number of packets for IDA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-frame-sequences-with-different-interleaving-distances-1yvdann4.png Fig. 1 Frame sequences with different interleaving distances and GOP length 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-difference-in-the-number-of-user-ratio-per-category-340pqhpy.png Fig. 8 Difference in the number of user ratio per category when employing the TIRS technique and for different outage times https://scispace.com/papers/ellipticities-of-globular-clusters-in-the-andromeda-galaxy-1p3k3mhpsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-final-errors-a-relative-ellipticity-errors-de-e-in-as-oy5jyscb.png Fig. 5. Final errors: a) relative ellipticity errors δε/ε (in %) as a function of the derived ellipticities ε follow a power law δε/ε ∝ ε−0.6, b) orientation errors δθ versus the derived ellipticities ε (SNR = 10 line from Fig. 2 is overplotted to show the limit of uncertainty due to the fitting procedure) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-ellipticities-of-gc-systems-in-m-oehbnxao.png Table 2. Comparison of the ellipticities of GC systems in M 31, Milky Way, and Magellanic Clouds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-histogram-of-the-distribution-of-the-projected-1yzflvs3.png Fig. 6. A histogram of the distribution of the projected ellipticities of 173 GCs in M 31 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-our-ellipticities-versus-the-ellipticities-of-lu87-2mkncpgf.png Fig. 7. Our ellipticities versus the ellipticities of Lu87 (filled circles) and DP90 (crosses) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-velocity-dispersions-v2-1-2-versus-the-projected-15htfup9.png Fig. 9. Velocity dispersions, 〈v2〉1/2, versus the projected ellipticities ε for 14 M 31 GCs (arrows mark lower and upper limits, respectively). The solid line follows a power-law tendnency 〈v2〉1/2∝ ε−0.6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-influence-of-the-errors-induced-by-snr-of-the-3cus14s5.png Fig. 1. The influence of the errors induced by SNR of the Monte Carlo simulated ellipticities, εmodel, on the ellipticity values taken from the fit to the model data, εfit. Dashed curves represent dependences for SNR = 3, SNR = 10 and SNR = 20, respectively (45◦ theoretical line is also shown) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-orientation-error-dthfit-derived-by-the-fit-versus-1nk4jh23.png Fig. 2. The orientation error, δθfit, derived by the fit versus the model ellipticity, εmodel, for three values of SNR. The model orientation (plotted with dashed line) is taken to be always 0◦ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-projected-ellipticities-e-of-m-31-globular-1stth4ut.png Fig. 8. The projected ellipticities ε of M 31 globular clusters, plotted against their corrected M0(V ) magnitudes. The solid line represents the best fit of the relation ε = 0.072 + 50.23 exp(M0(V )) https://scispace.com/papers/embedding-a-state-space-model-into-a-markov-decision-process-af5baopu28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-hypergraph-representation-of-a-stage-in-an-hmdp-euxpuhcl.png Figure 2: A hypergraph representation of a stage in an HMDP. Level 0 indicate the founder level, and the nodes indicates states at the different levels. A child process (oval box) is represented using its state-expanded hypergraph (hyperarcs not shown) and is uniquely defined by a given state and action of its parent process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-rpo-for-the-cows-in-figure-3-the-horizontal-line-in-pigackqr.png Figure 8: RPO for the cows in Figure 3. The horizontal line in the bottom of each plot indicate whether the optimal decision is to keep or replace (black = replace, gray = keep). Vertical lines correspond to s: start of lactation, i: inseminated, p: positive pregnancy test, d: dry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-ssm-embedded-into-an-hmdp-from-time-t-to-t-1-3rbzm0wk.png Figure 5: The SSM embedded into an HMDP from time t to t + 1 (founder level not shown). At level 1 the means of the latent variables are stored. Node Πmi indicates that we consider state i where mt ∈ Πmi . At the observations Yt+1 are kept. The dummy node signifies the start of the child process. The different child processes is indicated by the slices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rectangular-partition-of-the-mean-mt-1-using-3vxxza23.png Figure 4: Rectangular partition of the mean mt,1 using univariate and multivariate discretization with a KL distance approximate equal to 0.2. Using a multivariate discretization reduce the number of states by 64%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-hmdp-for-example-2-time-t-to-t-1-the-child-2p20v3qg.png Figure 7: The HMDP for Example 2 (time t to t + 1). The child process storing the observations has been removed. The state invol has been moved from the child process to the parent process and direct transitions probabilities have been specified. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-milk-yield-and-residual-milk-yield-for-3-different-38mlbyvg.png Figure 3: Milk yield and Residual milk yield for 3 different cows (lactation 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-state-expanded-hypergraph-for-an-mdp-with-time-2h98efo3.png Figure 1: A state-expanded hypergraph for an MDP with time horizon T = 5. At stage t each node vs j,t corresponds to a state in St . The hyperarcs correspond to actions, e.g. if the system at stage 3 is in state s2 then there are two possible actions. Action a1 results in a deterministic transition to state s1 (because there is only one tail) at stage 4 and a2 results in a transition to either state s2 or s3 with a certain probability. For further details see Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-hmdp-for-example-2-time-t-to-t-1-corresponds-to-10oqsgss.png Figure 6: The HMDP for Example 2 (time t to t + 1). Corresponds to Figure 5 but with additional nodes added. Dummy state replaced, represent that the cow has been replaced. The nodes invol/okay represent involuntary culling. Two actions keep/replace are possible. Dashed lines indicate replacement. For details see text. https://scispace.com/papers/embodiment-ownership-and-disownership-4qyr1t1f0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-of-embodiment-qull6i80.png Table 3 Measures of embodiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-artificial-embodiment-and-pathological-disembodiment-xshah36f.png Table 2 Artificial embodiment and pathological disembodiment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-of-issues-concerning-the-body-and-the-self-1jl8bhui.png Table 1 Sample of issues concerning the body and the self. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differences-between-rubber-hand-embodiment-and-tool-248bq3hz.png Table 4 Differences between rubber hand embodiment and tool embodiment. https://scispace.com/papers/emergence-of-a-noncollinear-magnetic-state-in-twisted-4fppafxx6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mcd-microscopy-of-twisted-bilayer-cri3-a-d-magnetic-32sosr6s.png Figure 2 | MCD microscopy of twisted bilayer CrI3. a-d, Magnetic-field dependence of MCD of a natural bilayer CrI3 (a) and twisted bilayer CrI3 with twist angle 1.2 (b), 4 (c) and 15 (d). The MCD signal of an isolated monolayer CrI3 is shown in b for comparison (red). Coexistence of AF and FM contributions is evident at small twist angles. e, Image of 𝑀𝐶𝐷(1 𝑇) − 𝑀𝐶𝐷(0 𝑇) for the 1.2 sample, illustrating the AF fraction of the sample. Non-zero contrast is observed only in the twisted bilayer region. f-h, MCD images at B = 0 T for the 1.2 (f), 4 (g) and 15 (h) samples (samples are polarized at 1 T prior to the MCD measurement). They show the FM fraction of the samples. In all images the dashed black and red lines outline the constituent monolayer regions. The colored dots denote the locations of the MCD measurements of the same color in b-d. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-moire-superlattice-structure-of-twisted-bilayer-17mrmmel.png Figure 1 | Moiré superlattice structure of twisted bilayer CrI3. a, Moiré superlattice structure of twisted bilayer CrI3 with a small twist angle . R, M and AA denote rhombohedral, monoclinic and AA stacking, respectively. The R and M stacking are shown in b with blue and orange denoting two adjacent CrI3 monolayers. b, Schematic illustration of a magnetic domain wall formed between the R- and M-stacking regions. Balls and arrows denote the spins of magnetic ions. c, Electron-beam diffraction pattern from a small-angle twisted bilayer CrI3 sample, down the <001> zone axis (perpendicular to sample surface). The two arrows indicate the diffraction spots (six pairs in total) from the top and bottom hBN capping layers. The big dashed circle tracks the <300> diffraction spots for CrI3. The spots circled in green, blue and red are the dark field masks for the real-space dark field moiré fringe patterns in d-f, respectively. The scale bar is 50 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gate-control-of-the-noncollinear-magnetic-state-a-c2lbknal.png Figure 5 | Gate control of the noncollinear magnetic state. a, MCD (normalized to 1 at large fields) as a function of magnetic field at selected gate voltages (Vg). Vg is the total gate voltage applied symmetrically to the top and bottom gates. b, FM fraction fFM as a function of Vg. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-dependence-a-mcd-as-a-function-of-1lik38kc.png Figure 4 | Temperature dependence. a, MCD as a function of temperature and magnetic field (sweeping from negative to positive) for a 1.2-twist bilayer CrI3. b, Magnetic-field dependence of the MCD (for both forward and backward sweeps) at representative temperatures for the same sample. c, The extracted spin-flip transition field Bc (top) and the FM coercive field (bottom) as function of temperature. Bc is the average spin-flip transition field between forward and backward sweeps. The red curve is a fit to Bc using the model described in the main text. The vertical error bars are estimated from the field span of the magnetic transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-twist-angle-dependence-upper-panel-the-fm-and-af-31qxdr9u.png Figure 3 | Twist angle dependence. Upper panel: the FM and AF fraction, fFM (left axis) and fAF (right axis), as a function of target twist angle for all measured samples. The vertical error bars are estimated from measurements at different sample locations and indicate the spatial inhomogeneity. The twist angle uncertainty is estimated to be about 0.5 (not shown); it is characterized for two samples (red circle) by the STEM and shown. At small twist angles (𝜃 ≲ 3), fFM <1 indicates a mixed AF-FM ground state; a pure FM ground state is observed at 𝜃 ≳ 4. Lower panel: twist angle dependence of the spin-flip transition field Bc. The vertical error bars are estimated from the field span of the spin-flip transition 28. https://scispace.com/papers/emergence-of-particle-clusters-in-a-one-dimensional-model-um0hevzfr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-hydrodynamic-limit-we-show-1q8d4ssd.png Figure 4. Illustration of the hydrodynamic limit. We show histograms of the density based on configurations of the system for various N . [To define µ̃(x̂), we divide the unit interval into bins (subintervals) Bn = [(n − 1)δx̂, nδx̂), for integer n. We take δx = 0.05 so 1 ≤ n ≤ 20. Then µ̃(x̂) is the density of particles in the bin that contains the point x̂.] (a) Increasing N at constant β = 0.25: as the number of particles increases then the local density is self-averaging and µ̃ converges to a flat profile, as expected for a diffusive system at equilibrium. (That is, the density satisfies a law of large numbers within each bin.) (b) Increasing N and varying β according to (18) with b = 10 does not lead to a smooth density profile: multiple clusters of particles persist even as N →∞ because the particle correlations are so strong there is no law of large numbers within each bin. (For N = 160 and b = 10, the limitations of our numerical method mean that the system may not be completely converged to equilibrium, but the data are sufficient to illustrate the qualitative behaviour.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numerical-results-illustrating-the-limit-where-3j7vcchs.png Figure 3. Numerical results illustrating the limit where multiple clusters appear. (a) Distribution of the scaled gap size P̂g(ŷ), for two different system sizes, as one takes the hydrodynamic limit according to (18) with b = 10. The limiting distribution (19) is shown as a solid line. (b) Convergence to equilibrium of the mean (rescaled) gap size Y g/L; the (L-dependent) equilibrium values for this quantity are indicated. In the hydrodynamic limit, this average value approaches 1/b = 0.1. The time taken to converge to equilbrium increases rapidly as N increases, primarily because the interparticle attractions are becoming stronger, in accordance with (18). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-the-statistics-of-the-clusters-2nsiu1ml.png Figure 5. Illustration of the statistics of the clusters within the system. (a) Sketch of the (smoothed) empirical density for a configuration containing several clusters, within the unit interval. Each cluster is depicted as a triangle with finite width: there are many particles within each cluster but as N →∞ each cluster should concentrate on a single point. The origin x̂ = 0 has been placed at the centre of a cluster and the periodic image of this cluster is shown at x̂ = 1 by an unfilled triangle. (b) If we ignore the last gap (which has size α) and zoom in on the remainder of the system, the distribution of clusters within this subsystem is statistically identical (as N →∞) to their distribution in the full system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-results-for-finite-systems-for-r-n-l-1-1i247jsl.png Figure 2. Numerical results for finite systems, for ρ = N/L = 1 and amax = 0.3. We show two temperatures β = 0.5, 0.75 and for the lower temperature we show results for two system sizes N = 10, 40. (a) Equilibrium gap size distributions Pg(y) obtained numerically (points) and compared with theoretical predictions (solid lines). The numerical results were obtained at time D0t = 450. (b) Time evolution of the mean gap size Y g, with equilbrium values shown as solid horizontal lines. (c) Time evolution of the average energy per gap 〈E〉/(NJ). This quantity is sensitive to the gap size distribution at small y – for the lower temperature, this quantity has not fully converged even for the largest times considered, since the MC dynamics used are not efficient for sampling very small gaps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-trajectory-of-the-system-with-n-40-particles-at-g2h4z4yl.png Figure 1. A trajectory of the system with N = 40 particles at density ρ = 1, with β = 0.75 and amax = 0.3. Particles are initially distributed at random in the system but as time progresses, clusters of particles are observed to form. https://scispace.com/papers/emergency-preparedness-in-the-case-of-a-tsunami-evacuation-27wlfkp4u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flow-around-structures-and-buildings-due-to-a-20atkr8d.png Fig. 2. Flow around structures and buildings due to a hypothetical earthquake of Mw= 8,5 southwest of Padang https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-problems-and-open-questions-3n8jgj7b.png Fig. 5. Problems and open questions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-visualizer-snapshots-of-the-evacuation-simulation-16sxl34b.png Fig. 4. Visualizer snapshots of the evacuation simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-population-figures-of-padangs-subdistrics-1nmg6rqr.png Fig. 3. Population figures of Padang’s subdistrics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographical-information-extracted-from-ikonos-imagery-2i6tyalm.png Fig. 1. Geographical information extracted from Ikonos imagery https://scispace.com/papers/emergent-behaviors-in-the-internet-of-things-the-ultimate-4ih60gg7d4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-of-the-heb-concept-with-different-1pgs0d3s.png Fig. 1: Representation of the HEB concept with different hierarchy levels. The first level rules applied to level 1 elements (e.g. vehicles) induce a platoon behavior. The second level applies inter-level rules over the previous level behaviors (e.g. platoons) to enable more complex functionalities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-heb-requires-the-layer-rules-between-the-classical-1hpp407o.png Fig. 2: HEB requires the layer “Rules” between the classical stack layers “Things” and “Connectivity”, at every level of the hierarchy. For instance, if N=2, emergent behaviors out of level 1 become the level 2 “things”. Then, the level 2 rules complement the level 1 rules. https://scispace.com/papers/emerging-multiferroic-memories-3viqgf60kp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-electron-localization-function-representation-of-the-2ii9thfo.png Fig. 3.2 Electron localization function representation of the isosurface of the valence electrons in BiMnO3 projected within a unit cell. Dark colors correspond to a lack of electron localization and light to complete localization (adapted from [24]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-23-motivation-for-electric-field-control-of-properties-2cuppgjg.png Fig. 3.23 Motivation for electric field control of properties. (a) Resistivity versus temperature for La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films with no applied field (red), applied electric field (blue), applied magnetic field (green), and both applied electric and magnetic fields (pink). Energy scales in materials dictate the eventual incorporation of such materials into device structures. (b) The production of the large magnetic fields (~6T) required for colossal magnetoresistance in CMR materials requires large currents (~30 A) while (c) production of the appropriate electric fields to produce colossal electroresistance (~4 V for a 100 nm thick thin film) are much more reasonable and possible in standard semiconductor electronics circuitry. (Adapted from [255]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-20-schematic-phase-diagram-describing-the-strain-ryh82ss6.png Fig. 3.20 Schematic phase diagram describing the strain-driven changes in EuTiO3—candidate material for strain-driven multiferroism (adapted from [212]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-13-shape-of-a-ferroelectric-polarization-and-b-2nde0qb4.png Fig. 3.13 Shape of (a) ferroelectric polarization and (b) magnetism across a domain wall in BiFeO3 (adapted from [149, 150]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-7-bimno3-a-magnetization-curve-of-a-bimno3-film-cooled-eiyh93vm.png Fig. 3.7 BiMnO3. (a) Magnetization curve of a BiMnO3 film cooled under no applied magnetic field. The inset shows the ferromagnetic hysteresis loop at 5 K. (Adapted from [92]) (b) P–E hysteresis loop of a thin film of BiMnO3 on Si (100) above and below the ferromagnetic TC. (Adapted from [18]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-11-ordered-arrays-of-ferroelectric-domains-and-domain-lz5n83sg.png Fig. 3.11 Ordered arrays of ferroelectric domains and domain walls. (a) and (b) Schematics of equilibrium structure of an ordered array of 71° and 109° domain walls, respectively. (c) and (d) Surface topography as measured by AFM of 71° and 109° domain walls samples, respectively. Out-of-plane (e) and (f) as well as in-plane (g) and (h) PFM images for samples possessing ordered arrays of 71° and 109° domain walls. (Adapted from [130]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3-schematic-illustration-of-the-cooperative-rotation-1xq4x26w.png Fig. 3.3 Schematic illustration of the cooperative rotation of bipyramids in YMnO3 that give rise to ferroelectric polarization. The resulting rotations are shown with the arrows (adapted from [26]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-15-determination-of-strong-magnetoelectric-coupling-in-388phxyz.png Fig. 3.15 Determination of strong magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO3. Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) images before (a) and after (b) electric field poling. The arrows show the X-ray polarization direction during the measurements. In-plane piezoresponse force microscopy images before (c) and after (d) electric field poling. The arrows show the direction of the in-plane component of ferroelectric polarization. Regions 1 and 2 (marked with green and red circles, respectively) correspond to 109° ferroelectric switching, whereas 3 (black and yellow circles) and 4 (white circles) correspond to 71° and 180° switching, respectively. In regions 1 and 2 the PEEM contrast reverses after electrical poling. (e) A superposition of in-plane PFM scans shown in (c) and (d) used to identify the different switching mechanisms that appear with different colors and are labeled in the figure (adapted from [156]). (f) Schematic illustration of coupling between ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism in BiFeO3. Upon electrically switching BiFeO3 by the appropriate ferroelastic switching events (i.e., 71° and 109° changes in polarization) a corresponding change in the nature of antiferromagnetism is observed https://scispace.com/papers/emerging-roles-of-transporter-pdz-complexes-in-renal-alwzeo8a1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-arrangement-of-described-pdz-interactions-in-phaktegs.png Fig. 1 Schematic arrangement of described PDZ interactions in the brush borders (microvilli and subapical compartment) of proximal tubular cells. (EV Endosomal vesicle.) Interactions that remain to be identified are indicated by a clear three-quarter circle https://scispace.com/papers/emi-prediction-of-switching-converters-4q0y01sxyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graphical-explanation-of-the-response-of-lti-and-131hoxho.png Figure 3. Graphical explanation of the response of LTI and PSL elements to a single tone excitation (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-efficiency-and-covered-bandwidth-for-an-increasing-10c7yfd2.png Table I EFFICIENCY AND COVERED BANDWIDTH FOR AN INCREASING NUMBER OF THE EXPANSION ORDER N (SEE TEXT FOR DETAILS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dm-noise-voltage-vdm-t-of-the-example-test-case-of-o6hkvdzf.png Figure 6. DM noise voltage vDM (t) of the example test case of Fig. 5. Light gray: measurement; dark gray: prediction (N = 100); black thin: prediction (N = 1000). The bottom panel represents an expansion of the time scale to demonstrate the need of higher-order harmonics for a full reconstruction of all details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-domain-spectrum-of-dm-noise-voltage-vdm-t-3fezva8v.png Figure 7. Frequency-domain spectrum of DM noise voltage vDM (t) for the example test case of Fig. 5. Light gray: measurement; dark gray: prediction (N = 100); black thin: prediction (N = 1000). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-test-case-used-to-illustrate-the-proposed-i4k6v9l8.png Figure 1. Example test case used to illustrate the proposed modeling approach (left panel). The circuit is excited by the source e(t) and contains a generic switching element S characterized in the right panel by its switching function (T is the switching period, τ the closure instant and the duty cycle is D = ∆/T .) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-steady-state-response-of-the-voltages-v1-t-and-v2-t-2ux6telo.png Figure 2. Steady-state response of the voltages v1(t) and v2(t) of the circuit of Fig. 1 to a sinusoidal excitation e(t) = E0 sin(ω0t), where E0 = 1 V and f0 = 80 kHz (ω0 = 2πf0). The remaining parameters take the following values: g = 1/50 S, C = 1µF, and the switching frequency fc = 1/T = 10 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-frequency-domain-spectrum-of-the-voltage-v2-t-of-3vodmy75.png Figure 4. Frequency-domain spectrum of the voltage v2(t) of the example circuit of Fig. 1. The reference response (thin black lines) is compared with the solution of the augmented circuit with expansion order N = 50 (thick gray lines). https://scispace.com/papers/emission-pathways-towards-a-low-carbon-energy-system-for-1nnezk1iqj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hourly-assignment-of-daily-time-brackets-2ldocdu7.png Table 1: Hourly assignment of daily time brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-structure-of-genesys-mod-v2-0-source-own-3ajt2iu5.png Figure 1: Model structure of GENeSYS-MOD v2.0. Source: Own illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-development-of-yearly-power-production-in-the-1-tymyf5ar.png Figure 17: Development of yearly power production in the 1.5° pathway. Source: Own illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-yearly-high-temperature-heat-production-in-the-1-u97btclw.png Figure 18: Yearly high-temperature heat production in the 1.5° pathway. Source: Own illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-cumulative-co2-emissions-in-the-1-5deg-pathway-2xk04mos.png Figure 19: Cumulative CO2 emissions in the 1.5° pathway. Source: Own illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-power-production-profiles-for-germany-great-britain-16az2rh9.png Figure 6: Power production profiles for Germany, Great Britain, and Portugal and Spain in the years 2015, 2030, and 2050 in the base scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-cumulative-co2-emissions-in-the-2deg-pathway-6ssvx6rb.png Figure 13: Cumulative CO2 emissions in the 2° pathway. Source: Own illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-block-structure-of-genesys-mod-v2-0-source-own-5bkwh9z9.png Figure 2: Block structure of GENeSYS-MOD v2.0. Source: Own illustration, based on Howells et al. (2011). https://scispace.com/papers/emissions-and-climate-relevant-optical-properties-of-4yjcj03ljz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-emissions-of-co2-co-pm2-5-and-bc-by-test-1hio2vmf.png Table 1. Summary of Emissions of CO2, CO, PM2.5, and BC by Test Segment for the BDS and TSF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-normalized-cumulative-emission-of-pollutants-3q5ipgat.png Figure 1. (a) Normalized cumulative emission of pollutants averaged over all BDS tests. (b) Normalized cumulative emission of pollutants averaged over all TSF tests. The vertical solid blue line indicates the average point when the water began to boil and the simmering portion of the test started. The shaded bands represent the 95% confidence intervals around the average values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wood-consumed-fuel-based-pollutant-emission-factors-2hoor4mw.png Table 2. Wood Consumed, Fuel-Based Pollutant Emission Factors, Total Mass of Pollutants Emitted, and Particle Optical Properties (at 532 nm), Averaged over All BDS and TSF Tests Conducted, with 95% Confidence about the Means Noted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-from-the-21-bds-and-20-tsf-tests-a-total-mass-2ibcd72b.png Figure 2. From the 21 BDS and 20 TSF tests: (a) total mass emissions of PM2.5 and CO; (b) total mass emissions of BC and CO; and (c) the relationship between the calculated MAEPM2.5 and extinction-weighted SSA values of the emitted particles, measured at 532 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/emotional-arousal-in-agenesis-of-the-corpus-callosum-3wb07wub4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3nxntk9o.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3kdo9c4u.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2lvqtula.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1zfx0vsm.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/emotions-in-everyday-life-probability-of-occurrence-risk-14lq3firnf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-1k6ir4kb.png TABLE 1 Sample characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-control-and-sharing-behavior-profiles-for-the-six-3c2n1gpj.png TABLE 11 Control and sharing behavior profiles for the six most frequent emotions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-the-antecedents-and-reaction-xanb11r4.png TABLE 3 Correlations between the antecedents and reaction profiles of 10 frequently reported emotion categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-situational-risk-factors-for-the-occurrence-of-the-283xu5gs.png TABLE 5 Situational risk factors for the occurrence of the six most frequent emotions https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-causal-attribution-profiles-for-the-six-most-10qidz15.png TABLE 9 Causal attribution profiles for the six most frequent emotions https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-cross-tabulation-of-life-satisfaction-with-trait-21832o54.png TABLE 14 Cross-tabulation of life satisfaction with trait irritation https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlations-between-14-emotionality-traits-and-6-32x1jo0q.png TABLE 7 Correlations between 14 emotionality traits and 6 Prime-MD dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-risk-factors-for-reaction-profiles-happiness-family-5n6ea2ag.png TABLE 12 Risk factors for reaction profiles – happiness family https://scispace.com/papers/empathy-estradiol-and-androgen-levels-in-9-year-old-children-xwa3hyxa45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interaction-between-estradiol-and-gender-on-feelings-17ztfwqn.png Fig. 2. Interaction between estradiol and gender on feelings of sadness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interaction-between-testosterone-and-gender-on-10xoh7sx.png Fig. 1. Interaction between testosterone and gender on Understanding Feelings. https://scispace.com/papers/empathy-or-science-empathy-explains-physical-science-29eyckw33p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multinomial-logistic-regression-analysis-for-3ruw0lxf.png Table 1. Multinomial logistic regression analysis for physical sciences https://scispace.com/papers/empirical-analysis-of-ck-metrics-for-object-oriented-design-accjsmhc1g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interaction-effect-for-java-classes-15uv54h5.png Fig. 2. Interaction Effect for Java classes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-java-classes-1xl4f426.png TABLE 4 Summary Statistics: Java Classes https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-c-classes-hr21p2ty.png TABLE 3 Summary Statistics: C++ Classes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interaction-effect-for-c-classes-1qfyhhpl.png Fig. 1. Interaction Effect for C++ classes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-wls-estimates-for-java-classes-square-root-of-size-35qtymlq.png TABLE 7 WLS Estimates for Java Classes (Square Root of Size Used as the Weight) https://scispace.com/papers/empirical-evaluation-of-shared-parallel-execution-on-1fz2d78sfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-slowdown-under-different-memory-load-conditions-4-2ld84jmc.png Figure 3. Slowdown under different memory load conditions. 4 benchmark threads run on 4 nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-slowdown-for-various-cpu-time-slice-values-4-2l9uiisi.png Figure 2. Slowdown for various CPU time slice values: 4 benchmark threads run on 4 nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-slowdown-under-memory-loads-around-cache-sizes-4-248q6oph.png Figure 4. Slowdown under memory loads around cache sizes. 4 benchmark threads run on 4 nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scaling-of-slowdown-of-nas-benchmarks-due-to-3t23l8zd.png Figure 5. Scaling of slowdown of NAS benchmarks due to competing loads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-slowdown-of-the-nas-benchmarks-due-to-competing-2740p0wp.png Figure 1. Slowdown of the NAS benchmarks due to competing compute loads. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-execution-characteristics-of-the-nas-benchmarks-4-oc3rj89y.png Table 1. Execution characteristics of the NAS benchmarks: 4 threads run on 4 nodes https://scispace.com/papers/empowering-neighbors-versus-imposing-regulations-an-2hlc1rk4p2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3fizc42l.png Figure 5: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-series-of-average-efficiency-by-treatment-1webgkde.png Figure 4: Time Series of Average Efficiency by Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-median-efficiency-by-session-periods-16-30-fzslimia.png Figure 3: Median Efficiency by Session, Periods 16-30 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-design-264-total-subjects-1cgu72yj.png Table 1: Experimental Design (264 Total Subjects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-private-payoff-for-different-decision-numbers-2knp0bge.png Table 1: Experimental Design (264 Total Subjects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-pollution-choices-by-firm-location-and-1gqott26.png Table 2: Median Pollution Choices by Firm Location and Treatment, Periods 16-30 Far Firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-amounts-of-group-payoff-for-different-8yjxdulf.png Table 2: Median Pollution Choices by Firm Location and Treatment, Periods 16-30 Far Firms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1irq3anz.png Figure 2: https://scispace.com/papers/en-face-projection-imaging-of-the-human-choroidal-layers-3brnec7giy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-s-3m7xv7mr.png Figure 1. S https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sizes-2-x-2-g8y4syw6.png Figure 10. sizes 2 x 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-indicate-de-projection-1ppnd2qo.png Figure 3. indicate de projection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-n-3f2myo3b.png Figure 9. N https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-n-depth-loca-en-face-pr-12yyk415.png Figure 4. N depth loca En face pr https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nasal-8-de-2k368sdr.png Figure 5. nasal, 8 de https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-g-influence-by-lines-in-image-size-3r21kjgb.png Figure 8. G influence by lines in Image size https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-4-tctxvsfo.png Figures 2-4. https://scispace.com/papers/enabling-autonomous-flight-capabilities-onboard-commercial-4av1xfr6ms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fpwmin-constraint-32n30t30.png Figure 4. FPWmin Constraint https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-i-e-automaton-sizes-applied-during-simulation-1ewh3wty.png Table 1. A (i.e Automaton Sizes) Applied during Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulated-3d-environment-representing-low-altitude-1aisjj43.png Figure 5. Simulated 3D Environment Representing Low Altitude Urban Terrain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-waypoint-capture-represented-as-spherical-regions-1sc4qo9x.png Figure 6. Waypoint Capture Represented as Spherical Regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concatenation-of-right-helical-ascent-trim-to-34r3w485.png Figure 1. Concatenation of Right Helical Ascent Trim to Straight and Level Trim https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-segment-fpw-with-fpwmin-2s-on-system-1-1lnuyggz.png Figure 7. Segment FPW with FPWmin = 2s on System 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-execution-of-fixed-wing-aircraft-hold-maneuver-in-15eq0osx.png Figure 2. Execution of Fixed Wing Aircraft Hold Maneuver in Proximity to Obstacles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-waypoint-sets-applied-during-montecarlo-simulation-2svbhvix.png Figure 8. Waypoint Sets Applied during MonteCarlo Simulation https://scispace.com/papers/enabling-a-transformative-service-system-by-modeling-quality-1i0dv49o31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographic-profile-of-respondents-3l188tl1.png Table 3: Demographic profile of respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operationalization-of-constructs-1c75dkak.png Table 2: Operationalization of constructs https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-structural-model-3ej0hfvy.png Table 7 Results of structural model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structural-model-250yyup6.png Figure 3 Structural model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-assessment-of-first-order-reflective-model-s3ve9uoj.png Table 4: Assessment of First-Order, Reflective Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-correlations-and-aves-hfoitpat.png Table 5: Descriptive Statistics, Correlations and AVEs* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-constructs-linked-to-service-quality-1ybka0ys.png Table 1: Constructs linked to Service Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-assessment-of-the-higher-order-formative-model-7kfrwslg.png Table 6: Assessment of the Higher-Order, Formative Model https://scispace.com/papers/enabling-discoverable-trusted-services-for-highly-dynamic-4gpot7k4dj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experiences-are-added-as-service-is-used-3n6gto8a.png Fig. 3: Experiences are added as service is used https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-workflow-configuration-26mjtzde.png Fig. 1: Workflow Configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-web-standards-are-used-to-provide-service-descriptions-3fdasakx.png Fig. 2: Web Standards are used to provide service descriptions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vsa-workflow-graph-2xoa1ymf.png Fig. 4: VSA Workflow Graph https://scispace.com/papers/enantioselective-main-group-catalysis-modern-catalysts-for-1auqmz3mem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-al-salen-complex-used-in-phosphonylation-134-195l0lhc.png Figure 4. Al-Salen complex used in phosphonylation [134]. https://scispace.com/papers/enantioselective-reaction-of-a-lithiated-dithioacetals-using-4m2u204rm6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chem-3d-structure-derived-from-the-x-ray-3fkbea1q.png Figure 1. Chem 3D Structure Derived from the X-Ray Crystallography of anti-26 https://scispace.com/papers/encephalitis-with-autoantibodies-against-the-glutamate-3ghg9o0z4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-patients-antibodies-cause-a-reduction-of-cell-2ju08tqq.png FIGURE 5: Patient’s antibodies cause a reduction of cell-surface and synaptic GluK2 in cultured neurons. (A) Shows that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a representative patient (case 1), but not control CSF, causes a progressive decrease of GluK2 clusters in representative dendrites of cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. Note that the levels of clusters return to normal after removing the antibodies from the media and allowing the neurons to recover for 96 hours. Scale bar = 5 μm. (B–D) Show the quantification of these effects using CSF from patient 1 and (E–G) from patient 5 on total neuronal surface GluK2 (B, E) and synaptic GluK2 (D, G) defined by the co-localization of surface GluK2 with PSD95. The effects on GluK2 are reversible after the 96 hour recovery. Compared with control CSF, the CSF of the patients did not change the levels of PSD95 (C, F). n = 20 dendrites per condition, 3 independent experiments. Data presented as percentage against the median of the controls. Box plots show the median, and 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values. Significance of treatment effect was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparison *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-brain-immunostaining-with-cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-28qn70qp.png FIGURE 1: Brain immunostaining with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with GluK2-abs compared with that of patients with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), or combined antibodies. Sagittal sections of rat brain immunostained with CSF from 2 patients (case 1, A–C and case 2, D–F) showing a novel pattern of neuropil reactivity (subsequently characterized as due to GluK2-abs). The third row of panels (G–I) corresponds to a patient with antibodies against AMPAR and GluK2. Both antibodies intensively react with hippocampus (H) producing a mixed immunostaining; however, in cerebellum (I) the staining of the molecular layer results from AMPAR antibodies, and the staining of granular cells from GluK2 antibodies (I). For comparison with other glutamate receptor antibodies, the fourth and fifth rows correspond to CSF from a patient with anti-AMPAR (J–L) and a patient with NMDAR encephalitis (M–O) and show the distinct pattern of brain reactivity of each antibody (none of the 2 cases had GluK2 antibodies). Scale bars, G = 2 mm; H = 250 μm; I = 250 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pre-absorption-of-patients-serum-with-gluk2-3dzxjrkc.png FIGURE 4: Pre-absorption of patient’s serum with GluK2 abrogates brain immunoreactivity. Patient’s serum reactivity with cerebellum (A, B), live hippocampal neurons (C, D), and a live cell-based assay expressing GluK2 (E, F). Panels on the left correspond to patient’s serum preabsorbed with HEK293 cells not expressing GluK2, and panels on the right correspond to the same serum preabsorbed with HEK293 cells expressing GluK2. In C and D, cells have been co-incubated with patient’s serum (green fluorescence) and a commercial GluK2 antibody (red fluorescence); the yellow staining corresponds to merged reactivities. In E and F, the red immunofluorescence is a commercial antibody against Myc-tag to confirm that the cell-based assay (CBA) cells express GluK2. Note that pre-absorption with GluK2 abrogates the reactivity of patient’s serum with cerebellum, live neurons, and live CBA (B, D, F). Scale bars B, D, F = 20 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-features-of-patients-with-gluk2-and-20cigdbg.png TABLE 2. Clinical Features of Patients with GluK2 and Concurrent Antibodies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-brain-magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-scans-in-4-3aotwoqt.png FIGURE 2: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in 4 patients with GluK2 antibody associated cerebellitis. (A–E) Patient 1: Shows fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-T2 MRI sequences of selected axial and sagittal sections obtained at symptom onset (A, B), 2 weeks later (C, D), and at the last follow-up (E). Note the presence of bilateral cerebellar abnormalities with edema and compression of the fourth ventricle at onset, with partial improvement 2 weeks later, and normal features 5 years later. (F–J) Patient 2: Shows diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (F, H, J) and FLAIR-T2 (G, I) MRI sequences obtained at symptom onset (F–I) and 2 years later (J). There are bilateral, predominantly cortical, cerebellar abnormalities, best seen with DWI, with mass effect on the fourth ventricle, and the vermis was similarly involved. No restriction was observed on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps (not shown). At the last follow-up, most of the DWI abnormalities had resolved, but there was moderate residual atrophy (J). (K–O) Patient 5: Shows the DWI (K, M, O) and FLAIR-T2 (L, N) MRI sequences obtained at symptom onset (K–N) and 5 weeks later (O). Note the extensive abnormalities bilaterally involving the cerebellum and vermis, best seen in DWI sequences; there is milder involvement of the temporal lobes (left > right). On ADC maps, no restriction was observed. Five weeks after symptom onset, most of the DWI abnormalities had improved. (P–T) Patient 4: Shows FLAIR (P, S) and T1 with contrast (Q, R, T) MRI sequences obtained at presentation (P–R), and 1.5 years after disease onset (S, T). At disease onset, there is moderate cerebellar edema with reduction of size of the fourth ventricle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-patients-serum-decreased-gluk2-mediated-currents-a-11dzdsn2.png FIGURE 6: Patient’s serum decreased GluK2-mediated currents. (A, B) Correspond to HEK293 cells expressing GluK2 (Q) treated for 30 minutes or 5 hours with control serum or 2 patients’ serum. Current responses were activated by ultra-rapid application of 10 mM glutamate in the cells at 60 mV. In A the upper traces show the current responses of cells treated for 30 minutes with the indicated samples, and the lower traces show the current responses treated for 5 hours with the same samples (each of the traces represents the average of 4–7 consecutive glutamate applications). The average and SEM of glutamate-evoked normalized peak currents for cells untreated (basal), incubated with control serum, or 2 patients’ serum are shown in B. Circles denote single values for each experiment. The GluK2-mediated currents of cells treated for 30 minutes (244.7 45.39 pA/pF) or 5 hours with control serum (317 36.84 pA/pF) were similar to those of untreated cells (246.6 49.40 pA/pF;) and also similar (Figure legend continues on next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cell-based-assay-and-immunoprecipitation-of-gluk2-a-28kc66fb.png FIGURE 3: Cell-based assay and immunoprecipitation of GluK2. (A) Lanes 2 and 3 show the silver staining of proteins precipitated with serum of patient 1 (+) and a control serum (–). Molecular markers are shown in lane M (arrow head ~ 96 kDa). Lanes 4 and 5 show the corresponding immunoblot with a commercial GluK2 antibody demonstrating that the top band precipitated with patient’s sample is GluK2. (B–D) Cell-based assay with HEK293 cells expressing GluK2 immunolabelled with patient’s serum antibodies (green), or a commercial antibody against Myc-tag to confirm the expression of GluK2 (red). Panel D shows the merged reactivities. Panels (E– G) correspond to a similar CBA using serum from a healthy subject that demonstrates lack of reactivity with GluK2 (E). The nuclei of the cells (blue) is shown with 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Scale bar = 20 μm. (H) Immunoblot showing the immunoprecipitation of GluK2 from live HEK293 cells expressing GluK2 and patients’ or control sera. Lanes (+) correspond to GluK2 precipitated with serum from 6 patients; lanes (–) show the lack of GluK2 precipitation using serum from 2 healthy participants; lane M is the molecular weight marker; lane T corresponds to a lysate of HEK293 cells expressing GluK2, and lane UT correspond to a lysate of HEK293 cells not transfected with GluK2. In all lanes GluK2 was revealed with a polyclonal GluK2 antibody made in rabbit. (I–R) Immunostaining of cerebellum of wild-type mouse (I–M) and GluK2 knockout mouse (N-R) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 5 different patients: I and N Patient 1; J and O patient 3; K and P patient 5; L and Q patient 10 (with GluK2 and alpha-amino3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors [AMPAR] antibodies), and M and R patient 14 (with GluK2 and N-methyl-Daspartate receptor [NMDAR] antibodies). Scale bar = 250 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-features-of-the-eight-index-cases-with-2p7s0xv4.png TABLE 1. Clinical Features of the Eight Index Cases with GluK2-abs in Serum and CSF https://scispace.com/papers/end-to-end-internet-packet-dynamics-j5o1l7u3rp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-out-of-order-delivery-with-two-distinct-slopes-3f3wuo39.png Fig. 1. Out-of-order delivery with two distinct slopes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bottleneck-bandwidth-change-3s3j6gdl.png Fig. 2. Bottleneck bandwidth change. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-log-log-complementary-distribution-plot-ofn2-ack-334rz18r.png Fig. 7. Log-log complementary distribution plot ofN2 ack outage durations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-histogram-of-single-bottleneck-estimates-forn2-m0ff1vfu.png Fig. 4. Histogram of single-bottleneck estimates forN2: https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-unconditional-and-conditional-loss-rates-3rmrgqcd.png TABLE II UNCONDITIONAL AND CONDITIONAL LOSS RATES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-data-packet-timing-compression-309sovl5.png Fig. 8. Data-packet timing compression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-proportion-normalized-of-connections-with-given-1tbr3l0k.png Fig. 9. Proportion (normalized) of connections with given timescale of maximum delay variation(̂): https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-conditional-ack-l-oss-rates-for-different-regions-14ep8id9.png TABLE I CONDITIONAL ACK L OSS RATES FOR DIFFERENT REGIONS https://scispace.com/papers/end-to-end-privacy-for-open-big-data-markets-5ga34kjmvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-categorization-of-iot-devices-based-on-their-f6xb0aj6.png Figure 3: Categorization of IoT devices based on their computational capabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-open-data-market-supported-by-sensing-as-a-service-1hpodiop.png Figure 1: Open data Market Supported by Sensing as a Service Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phases-in-data-life-cycle-ptkssepl.png Figure 2: Phases in Data Life Cycle https://scispace.com/papers/end-to-end-learning-for-graph-decomposition-cc0btcynpo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-inconsistent-edge-labels-produced-by-a-2o7wtbbu.png Figure 2: Examples of inconsistent edge labels produced by a stand alone Siamese network on the MNIST digits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-marginal-distribution-updates-numbers-represent-1tfwttev.png Table 1: Marginal distribution updates. Numbers represent evolution of the marginal probabilities along with the mean-field iterations for different type of limbs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ratio-of-non-valid-cycle-numbers-represent-the-ratio-1hf4esch.png Table 2: Ratio of non valid cycle. Numbers (%) represent the ratio of non valid cycle for four different types of cliques that are defined for adjacent body joints. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-on-mpii-human-pose-dataset-ours-30ct0nru.png Table 4: Comparison on MPII Human Pose dataset. Ours outperforms all other bottom-up methods by a good margin and is comparable to top-down methods. Top-down methods can leverage larger datasets to train external person detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ablation-study-on-the-validation-set-end-to-end-35crakm4.png Table 3: Ablation study on the validation set. End-to-end training notably increases accuracy of multi-person pose estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-we-illustrate-a-graph-g-in-a-a-feasible-solution-2gsq2kl9.png Figure 1: We illustrate a graph G in (a); a feasible solution and an infeasible solution are shown in (b) and (c) respectively; the factor graph of the CRF model of G is in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-qualitative-results-left-association-without-crf-23u6w09u.png Figure 4: Qualitative Results. Left: association without CRF; Right: association after inference. First row, obvious wrong connections are corrected by inference. In the second row occluded people are separated. The last example is a failure case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-feature-learning-comparison-left-input-image-middle-21t1xms1.png Figure 3: Feature learning comparison. Left: input image; Middle: part field map learned locally; Right: part field map learned with the cycle consistency. The right samples clearly show sharper and more accurate confidence maps. https://scispace.com/papers/endogenous-enforcement-institutions-3bgekvajc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-depicts-the-equilibrium-in-settings-where-only-the-3k5e6u34.png Figure 3a depicts the equilibrium in settings where only the non-expropriation constraint of the Ruler binds, whereas the contract enforcement constraint is slack. The condition for this is that RH is below RV even for = 0 (i.e. under maximum expropriation allowed), so that setting = 0 is optimal. An exogenous improvement in contract enforcement technology (i.e., an increase in q) does not change the equilibrium point A, because it does not relax the ruler´s binding constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-depicts-the-equilibrium-in-settings-where-both-the-21ns8nbh.png Figure 3a depicts the equilibrium in settings where only the non-expropriation constraint of the Ruler binds, whereas the contract enforcement constraint is slack. The condition for this is that RH is below RV even for = 0 (i.e. under maximum expropriation allowed), so that setting = 0 is optimal. An exogenous improvement in contract enforcement technology (i.e., an increase in q) does not change the equilibrium point A, because it does not relax the ruler´s binding constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3c-depicts-the-equilibrium-in-settings-where-only-the-38atoov7.png Figure 3a depicts the equilibrium in settings where only the non-expropriation constraint of the Ruler binds, whereas the contract enforcement constraint is slack. The condition for this is that RH is below RV even for = 0 (i.e. under maximum expropriation allowed), so that setting = 0 is optimal. An exogenous improvement in contract enforcement technology (i.e., an increase in q) does not change the equilibrium point A, because it does not relax the ruler´s binding constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-enforcement-and-non-expropriation-13b09mwk.png Table 1. Effect of enforcement and non-expropriation institutions on income per capita https://scispace.com/papers/endophthalmitis-magnitude-treatment-and-visual-outcome-in-30tzw6nnpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-posttraumatic-endophthalmitis-2y9ikn1c.png Table 1. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis https://scispace.com/papers/endoparasitic-nematodes-of-ips-bark-beetles-in-eastern-texas-9e126mp7k6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-supercooling-temperature-for-nematode-infected-2uiud5in.png Table 1.-Mean supercooling temperature for nematode infected and non-infected Ips grandicollis and I. calligraphus exposed to -20°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-percentages-of-147-infected-and-241-1fglo81u.png FIG. 3.-Cumulative percentages of 147 infected and 241 noninfected emergent I. avulsus brood adults. (l emergence period =3 days). https://scispace.com/papers/endorsement-deduction-and-ranking-in-social-networks-4o611gjavq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-first-endorsement-mechanism-batch-endorsement-2rppdaq9.png Figure 8: First endorsement mechanism: Batch endorsement https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-endorsement-deduction-in-the-presence-of-217qihia.png Table 2: Effect of endorsement deduction in the presence of different spam alliances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-histograms-of-pagerank-scores-before-and-after-q54awz5s.png Figure 7: Histograms of PageRank scores, before and after deduction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-endorsements-for-java-left-and-endorsements-for-wgj1dug9.png Figure 4: Endorsements for ‘Java’ (left), and endorsements for ‘Programming’, with information deduced from ‘C++’ and ‘Java’ (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-endorsements-for-programming-with-information-cxl6dbba.png Figure 3: Endorsements for ‘Programming’, with information deduced from ‘C++’. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-base-network-of-1493-nodes-used-for-experiments-3ii0cofz.png Figure 5: Base network of 1493 nodes, used for experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-the-second-experiment-qn4og860.png Table 3: Results from the second experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-directed-graph-representing-a-skill-deduction-yq8arw7w.png Figure 1: Directed graph representing a skill deduction matrix Π. https://scispace.com/papers/endoscopy-versus-ivf-the-way-to-go-n91ra9lkl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lines-of-infertility-management-3e0mgd2l.png Table 1. Lines of infertility management https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sonographic-appearance-of-a-typical-hydrosalpnix-3pl7jvhs.png Figure 4. Sonographic appearance of a typical hydrosalpnix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hysteroscopic-cervical-canal-refashoning-34r2v2kc.png Figure 2. Hysteroscopic cervical canal refashoning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-robotic-surgery-in-gynecology-k6tlnn9c.png Figure 1. Robotic surgery in Gynecology https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pros-and-cons-of-robotic-surgery-z5vjkmij.png Table 2. Pros and cons of Robotic surgery https://scispace.com/papers/endovascular-management-of-portal-vein-obstruction-in-hrhimkfmbd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2ayjc3ux.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/energy-cost-of-slow-and-normal-gait-speeds-in-low-and-3h6tuudrdh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-full-correlation-table-332a44ov.png TABLE 3: Full correlation table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-distribution-of-the-dichotomization-based-on-121r8m3n.png FIGURE 1: Sample distribution of the dichotomization based on the usual speed 10-m z-score. Individuals who fell to the left https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-multiple-regression-models-3lj4ntar.png TABLE 2: Results from multiple regression models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-cost-per-meter-milliliter-per-kilogram-per-3olo2svb.png FIGURE 2: Energy cost per meter (milliliter per kilogram per meter) during the slower than normal and normal self-selected https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-1jxnppyw.png TABLE 1: Participant characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/energy-dissipation-in-spiral-vortex-layers-wrapped-around-a-1fvzbo387e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scolord-spatial-distributions-in-the-cross-axial-plane-14dufhnh.png FIG. 1. sColord. Spatial distributions, in the cross-axial plane, of the magnitude of the cross-axial vorticity and of the viscous dissipation rate at the critical time St=2.94 for vortex Reynolds numberG / s2pnd=100. fsad and sbdg The neutral casea=0. fscd and sddg The cyclonic casea= +0.2. fsed and sfdg The anticyclonic casea=−0.2. In sad, scd, andsed, the magnitude of the cross-axial vorticityfs]u/]rd2+r−2s]u/]ud2g1/2 is shown by color: red is the highests4Sd and blue is the lowestsi.e., nulld. In sbd, sdd, andsfd, the viscous dissipation rateDT+DS is shown by color: red is the highests27nS2d and blue is the lowest si.e., nulld. The solid curves represent the isocontours of the axial velocityu. Contour levels areu=nsnSd1/2 fn=−20s4d20g. The diagonal length of each panel is 40sntd1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-solutionf1-against-similarity-variableh-at-vortex-2xw37i1n.png FIG. 4. Solutionf1 against similarity variableh at vortex Reynolds number G / s2pnd=100. The solid curves represent the real part off1, while the dashed curves represent the imaginary part. The thick and the thin curves denote the asymptotic solutionss53d ands54d, and the numerical ones to the full equations45d, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-solutionf3-against-similarity-variableh-at-vortex-34gtavp3.png FIG. 5. Solutionf3 against similarity variableh at vortex Reynolds number G / s2pnd=100. The solid curves represent the real part off3, while the dashed curves represent the imaginary. The thick and the thin curves denote the asymptotic solutions55d and the numerical ones to the full equation s46d, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-critical-timetc-in-s29d-against-vortex-reynolds-1cpi40k2.png FIG. 3. Critical timetc in s29d against vortex Reynolds numberG / s2pnd. At time t. tc the contribution of spiral vortex layers to total dissipation exceeds that of a vortex tube. The solid curve represents the numerical result for s29d. The dashed curve denotes the large-Reynolds-number asymptotics s30d. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-and-qos-aware-routing-in-wireless-sensor-networks-1tamjn4dcv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pseudo-code-for-the-proposed-algorithm-19ysvyy1.png Fig. 4. Pseudo code for the proposed algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-for-first-node-to-die-with-different-real-time-bmsq41bj.png Fig. 7. Time for first node to die with different real-time data rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-queuing-model-in-a-particular-sensor-node-14bqtxgs.png Fig. 2. Queuing model in a particular sensor node https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bandwidth-sharing-and-service-rates-for-a-sensor-node-cwsmz8i7.png Fig. 3. Bandwidth sharing and service rates for a sensor node https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-delay-per-packet-with-different-real-time-data-2z8zv9wl.png Fig. 5. Average delay per packet with different real-time data rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-lifetime-of-a-node-with-different-real-time-3oatn7hj.png Fig. 6. Average lifetime of a node with different real-time data rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-tier-sensor-network-architecture-3ufwyk4l.png Fig. 1 : Three-tier sensor network architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-average-lifetime-of-a-node-for-different-buffer-size-1lj3ljy3.png Fig. 15. Average lifetime of a node for different buffer size https://scispace.com/papers/energy-efficient-big-data-networks-impact-of-volume-and-59yl1vd43s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-volume-scenario-a-parameters-5zsfwzqo.png TABLE IV VOLUME SCENARIO A PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-volume-scenario-b-parameters-2aavabzj.png TABLE V VOLUME SCENARIO B PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-displays-the-npc-of-the-classical-networks-and-eebdn-plbslcmg.png Fig. 8-a displays the NPC of the classical networks and EEBDN. The power saving increased at 10 ≤ く ≤ 30 and reached a maximum value of 52% at く = 30 (compared to the maximum power saving of 38% at く = 15 in scenario A). This is because the majority of the big data traffic in the network is the INF when 10 ≤ く ≤ 30 with a small amount of CHT as most of the Chunks are processed locally and in the intermediate nodes. After that point (i.e., く > 30), the CHT between the PNs and DCs dominates the network where the computing resources of all PNs are depleted, which leads to reduced power savings. However, the average power saving increases to 44% for 10 ≥ く ≥ 60 (higher than the average power saving of 32% in scenario A) as more Chunks are processed in SPNs and IPNs. Thus, increasing the PNs processing capacity has a positive impact on both the average network power saving and the total number of served Chunks in the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-cbdn-power-consumption-vs-eebdn-power-consumption-2g79h8gq.png Fig. 13. (a) CBDN power consumption vs EEBDN power consumption for variety scenario B.2. (b) Utilization of processing capacity % in the EEBDN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-volume-of-data-is-increasing-while-percentage-of-data-1tpbe9lt.png Fig 1: Volume of data is increasing, while percentage of data that can be processed is declining [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-cbdn-power-consumption-vs-eebdn-power-consumption-jh6sa3r7.png Fig. 5. (a) CBDN power consumption vs EEBDN power consumption (MILP and heuristic) for volume scenario A. (b) Utilization f processing capacity % in the EEBDN with different values of く for volume scenario A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-the-cost239-network-and-b-the-italian-network-171phfgz.png Fig 6. (a) The COST239 network, and (b) the Italian network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-cbdn-power-consumption-vs-eebdn-power-consumption-2ij5ej6y.png Fig. 11 (a) CBDN power consumption vs EEBDN power consumption for variety scenario B.1. (b) Utilization of processing capacity % in EEBDN with https://scispace.com/papers/energy-efficient-traffic-scheduling-in-ip-over-wdm-networks-47zv8bg1qh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-power-consumption-for-the-fixed-and-sliding-window-muvmtfu8.png Figure 7: Power consumption for the fixed and sliding window approaches considering static allocation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-network-parameters-3f5oqz6l.png Table 1: Network Parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-network-total-power-consumption-for-far-without-2iaklncg.png Figure 4: Network total power consumption for FAR without grooming vs SAR with grooming https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-consumption-for-the-fixed-and-sliding-window-1yqp9yw3.png Figure 5: Power consumption for the fixed and sliding window approaches https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-blocking-probability-for-the-fixed-and-sliding-1vlymc4o.png Figure 6: Blocking probability % for the fixed and sliding window approaches https://scispace.com/papers/energy-reduction-in-3d-nocs-through-communication-18t6tia9ks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-benchmarks-used-in-our-experimental-evaluation-6gq6mtng.png Table 2 Benchmarks used in our experimental evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-consumption-results-with-the-default-simulation-3bpuboup.png Fig. 2 Energy consumption results with the default simulation parameters. LS: link shutdown; LS + VS: link shutdown followed by voltage scaling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-area-overheads-normalizedwith-respect-to-no-energy-20axa7rr.png Fig. 8 Area overheads normalizedwith respect to no energy optimization case. LS: link shutdown;LS+VS: link shutdown followed by voltage scaling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-ilp-based-schemes-with-heuristic-3cb0flt7.png Fig. 7 Comparison of the ILP based schemes with heuristic approaches https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-our-simulation-parameters-and-their-default-values-jzoa2vxx.png Table 1 Our simulation parameters and their default values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-impact-of-the-number-of-voltage-islands-3i4ixegx.png Fig. 6 Impact of the number of voltage islands https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-the-mesh-size-2pcsva5d.png Fig. 4 Impact of the mesh size https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-impact-of-the-number-of-layers-in-3d-noc-3tqshfjs.png Fig. 5 Impact of the number of layers in 3D NoC https://scispace.com/papers/engaging-the-complexity-of-diet-and-healthy-aging-in-humans-zvnip9ho3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-853-3e6j04f5.png Figure 3 853 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-855-1787ebo0.png Figure 4 855 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-857-3ua2ayka.png Figure 5 857 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-849-1k4fnxi0.png Figure 1 849 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-851-47oxa1d6.png Figure 2 851 https://scispace.com/papers/energy-spectrum-of-electron-positron-pairs-produced-via-the-1rcia6qjb9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-probability-per-unit-time-sec-1-for-pair-1t6oiahf.png Figure 1: Total probability per unit time [sec 1] for pair production via the trident process, as a function of , for E mc2 = 2:5 TeV. This gure may be scaled to arbitrary since the vertical scale is proportional to 1= . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probability-for-production-via-the-trident-process-14pvvda2.png Figure 4: Probability for production via the trident process of pairs with energy less than or equal to x, as a function of x, for (a) = 138. (b) = 634, (c) detailed view of = 3485. (The vertical axis, which scales as 1=E, is given for E = 2:5 TeV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectrum-of-probability-per-unit-time-sec-1-for-1kz25t8x.png Figure 2: Spectrum of probability per unit time [sec 1] for pair production via the trident process, as a function of x E+=E, for (a) = 3000. (b) = 30000, (c) detailed view of = 3000 case for small x, (d) detailed view of = 30000 case for small x. The vertical axis, which scales as 1=E, assumes E = 2:5 TeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-coherent-pairs-per-particle-for-3owbw2ke.png Table 1: Number of coherent pairs per particle for representative very high energy linear collider design examples. Explanation of symbols is given in text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculation-of-maximum-de-ection-angle-of-pairs-for-2twv7e69.png Table 2: Calculation of maximum de ection angle of pairs for representative very high energy linear collider design examples. Explanation of symbols is given in text. https://scispace.com/papers/energy-reconstruction-methods-in-the-icecube-neutrino-1v11isnavw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-mean-energy-loss-rate-of-through-going-muons-as-a-2qkbi3fn.png Figure 19. Mean energy loss rate of through-going muons as a function of the muon energy at the point where it enters the detector volume. While the unfolding method reproduces well the fluctuations in the true energy loss rate above a few TeV (the similarity in 〈dE/dx〉 between “Monte Carlo truth” and “Unfolding”), these fluctuations limit the usefulness of the mean loss rate as a proxy for the energy of through-going muons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-example-of-a-simulated-charged-current-nt-383jefnm.png Figure 23. Example of a simulated charged-current ντ interaction with subsequent decay producing a second cascade (also known as “Double Bang”; see table 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-neutrino-interactions-with-nucleons-in-icecube-evis-1tebogb8.png Table 1. Neutrino interactions with nucleons in IceCube. Evis denotes the median fraction of the neutrino energy deposited in any present primary lepton and in the EM-equivalent energy of a hadronic cascade at the vertex. In charged-current interactions (top section of table), nearly all the energy of the interacting neutrino is deposited in such light-producing particles. In neutral-current interactions (bottom), a large fraction of the neutrino energy leaves with the outgoing neutrino (figure 1) [5]. Note that some of Evis may escape the detector: muon tracks at these energies have lengths of multiple kilometers, and τ leptons will decay before ranging out, depositing only a fraction of Evis in the detector. Events in IceCube are observed as a combination of cascades (near-pointlike particle showers) and long tracks, as are left predominantly by muons. “Double Bang” refers to two cascades joined by a short track, a signature of charged-current ντ interactions at high energies (& 1 PeV) where the separate production and decay cascades of the τ are resolvable in IceCube. Due to the long lengths of muon tracks above 1 TeV, most observed neutrino-induced muons have production vertices outside the detector and the initial hadronic cascade is not observed. https://scispace.com/papers/engagingdesign-methods-for-collective-creativity-c2ab17fjeq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-home-hospital-family-x-rays-1so3x4qo.png Fig. 6. Home hospital – family x-rays https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stigmas-critical-artefacts-posing-questions-not-2yewrssa.png Fig. 1. STIGMAS – Critical artefacts posing questions not answers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-love-links-monitoring-wellbeing-27hqzgnh.png Fig. 5. ‘Love links’ – monitoring wellbeing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-engaging-people-in-the-uk-and-taiwan-34awg9xu.png Fig. 2. Engaging people in the UK and Taiwan https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-exhibition-in-a-box-fig-4-biscuit-buddy-61gjdf4m.png Fig. 3. ‘Exhibition in a box’ Fig. 4. Biscuit Buddy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exhibition-in-a-box-provides-a-physical-map-of-1eyum46u.png Table 1. Exhibition in a box provides a physical map of Spradley’s theory. https://scispace.com/papers/engine-combustion-system-optimization-using-cfd-and-machine-57fyfv1ebt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-the-cross-validation-error-of-the-yk25joj3.png Figure 9. Evolution of the cross-validation error of the Superlearner ML a function of the training data size. 5-fold cross validation error is divided by the number of test designs to get the average 5-fold CV error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-robustness-of-the-five-local-optimum-designs-ce3t3h8b.png Figure 4. Robustness of the five local optimum designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-design-variables-emissions-fuel-consumption-merit-2j7kyrj8.png Table 4: Design variables, emissions, fuel consumption, merit values and merit improvements of the best CFD and ML-GGA designs at all operating conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ml-gga-piston-bowl-geometry-optimization-scheme-1263aq59.png Figure 11. ML-GGA piston bowl geometry optimization scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-five-cfd-designs-at-the-four-operating-xwm8q0t2.png Figure 5. Top five CFD designs at the four operating conditions (adapted from Ref. [39]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-piston-bowl-profile-with-design-parameters-2om6sdqf.png Figure 6. Piston bowl profile with design parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-prediction-versus-actual-merit-values-of-the-51-si38ipwk.png Figure 10. Prediction versus actual merit values of the 51 testing designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependence-of-the-optimal-solutions-on-the-pcbz6unt.png Table 1. Dependence of the optimal solutions on the https://scispace.com/papers/engineered-inorganic-core-shell-nanoparticles-2q0nqh2dfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-a-visual-demonstration-of-the-tunability-of-metal-o9kyt4hc.png Figure 23: (a) Visual demonstration of the tunability of metal nanoshells. (b) Optical resonances of gold shell-silica core nanoshells as a function of their core/shell ratio. Respective spectra correspond to the NPs depicted beneath. after the original figures from Loo et al [181] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-color-coded-matrix-of-segregation-energies-for-cu8tdr8l.png Figure 18: Color-coded matrix of segregation energies for impurity in 55-atom nanoparticle composed of 12 late-transition metals. Elements located around the diagonal have a trend to alloying rather core/shell structure. Color towards blue indicates a stable core/shell structure as depicted in the matrix. Conversely, color towards red indicates that the core/shell structure is reversed. The matrix located at the top are related to (111) and (100) surfaces, the matrix at the bottom is related to the cluster. The ball and stick figure represents the two opposite case (alloying with the atom at the centre and total segregation with the atom at the surface). (after the original figure from Wang and Johnson [161]) https://scispace.com/papers/english-as-a-lingua-franca-analyzing-research-frameworks-in-lw2mw9zxc4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-elf-paradigmatic-axioms-8txn2a5i.png Table 6. The ELF paradigmatic axioms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quadrant-analysis-qv5gf5jy.png Figure 1. Quadrant analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ice-ie-and-bana-points-of-view-apologies-to-2kfx5e02.png Table 1. ICE, IE and BANA points of view (apologies to Pennycook 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-orientations-in-ie-we-and-elf-paradigms-1pfavhwi.png Figure 2. Orientations in IE, WE, and ELF paradigms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-oce-and-we-views-apologies-to-pennycook-2002-2gt4yh73.png Table 2. OCE and WE views (apologies to Pennycook 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elf-view-of-the-global-spread-of-english-f6wy9fnk.png Table 3. ELF view of the global spread of English https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-ie-paradigmatic-axioms-etdflv3m.png Table 4. The IE paradigmatic axioms https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-we-paradigmatic-axioms-3p18w36e.png Table 5. The WE paradigmatic axioms https://scispace.com/papers/engineering-the-decentralized-coordination-of-uavs-with-235r6urc8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-task-distribution-in-a-gaussian-scenario-piaaxy6n.png Fig. 5: Example task distribution in a Gaussian scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-parameter-exploration-in-the-gaussian-scenario-3e684oze.png Fig. 6: Parameter exploration in the Gaussian scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-firefighting-scenario-r1-r2-and-r3-are-uavs-dotted-ciywxrkm.png Fig. 1: Firefighting scenario: ρ1, ρ2, and ρ3 are UAVs; dotted cicles around them are their communication ranges; τ1, τ2, and τ3 are targets. A solid line between a target and a UAV means that the UAV is aware of the target. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-independent-task-valuation-binary-encoding-2nfh4i7d.png Fig. 4: Independent task valuation, binary encoding. https://scispace.com/papers/english-language-use-at-the-internationalised-universities-5fhrdi2noq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sources-of-data-and-methods-of-obtaining-them-2pih77fe.png Table 2: Sources of data and methods of obtaining them. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-publications-in-english-per-2vv73ig1.png Figure 1: Percentage of publications in English per university. Universities are in descending order from left to right according to rank. Note that Copenhagen Business School, Roskilde University and the IT University of Copenhagen are ranked joint bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ranking-lists-of-universities-included-in-the-fq7gmxgw.png Table 1: Ranking lists of universities included in the present study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-political-and-personal-decisions-at-different-levels-2oo6v5o0.png Table 3: Political and personal decisions at different levels affecting language choice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-non-danish-staff-and-students-per-3clfjkt0.png Figure 3: Percentage of non-Danish staff and students per university. Universities are in descending order from left to right according to rank. Note that Copenhagen Business School, Roskilde University and the IT University of Copenhagen are ranked joint bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graduate-programmes-taught-in-english-per-29x90i8p.png Figure 2: Graduate programmes taught in English per university. Universities are in descending order from left to right according to rank. Note that Copenhagen Business School, Roskilde University and the IT University of Copenhagen are ranked joint bottom. Note: The figure for master’s programmes delivered in English at CBS seems conspicuously low (data derived from Danish Evaluation Institute 2010). It does not seem to correlate logically with the rather high proportion of international appointees and students. Nor does it seem consistent with another data source according to which 56.4 percent of all master’s students are enrolled in an English-medium programme (Mortensen and Haberland 2012). A possible explanation for this incongruence might be that there is a disproportionately large number of students enrolled in master’s programmes at CBS. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-electrocatalytic-activity-of-au-cu-core-shell-1too6pm23z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-mass-dissolution-charge-and-thickness-of-20q9nde7.png Table 1. Calculated mass, dissolution charge and thickness of the copper layers on Au cubic nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-carrier-transport-and-bandgap-reduction-in-sulfur-2xw9z6bgh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-am1-5-photocurrent-voltage-curves-of-the-pristine-1hyq7zde.png Figure 9. AM1.5 photocurrent−voltage curves of the pristine BiVO4 film and the one annealed in in sulfur partial pressure of 3.5 × 10−4 bar. The electrolyte is 0.1 M potassium phosphate (KPi) buffer (pH ∼7) with added 0.5 M sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) as a hole scavenger. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-photograph-of-the-sulfur-incorporated-bivo4-films-acnud0rv.png Figure 1. (a) Photograph of the sulfur-incorporated BiVO4 films on quartz substrates annealed at 350 °C for 2 h at different sulfur partial pressures. (b) The direct bandgap (Eg) of BiVO4 film decreases with increasing sulfur partial pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-s-v-atomic-ratio-in-bivo4-films-as-a-function-of-2usskb0a.png Figure 2. S/V atomic ratio in BiVO4 films as a function of the sulfur partial pressure during postannealing, as obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-s-2s-x-ray-photoelectron-spectra-of-the-bivo4-28y6c6j5.png Figure 4. (a) S 2s X-ray photoelectron spectra of the BiVO4 films annealed at 350 °C and sulfur partial pressure of 0 and 3.5 × 10−4 bar. (b) Valence band spectra of the BiVO4 films annealed at 350 °C and sulfur partial pressure of 0 and 3.5 × 10−4 bar measured by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The valence band shifts closer to the Fermi level (EF, binding energy = 0 eV) after sulfur incorporation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-x-ray-diffractograms-of-bivo4-films-annealed-at-banj27m6.png Figure 3. (a) X-ray diffractograms of BiVO4 films annealed at 350 °C in varying sulfur partial pressures. All films show monoclinic phase, but phase segregation into Bi2S3 occurs above a sulfur pressure of 3 × 10−4 bar. (b) Pressure−temperature phase diagram indicating the phase segregation of sulfur-incorporated BiVO4 and Bi2S3 based on the XRD measurements. The color of each point indicates the ratio of the Bi2S3 phase to the monoclinic BiVO4 phase. The gray line indicates the boundary (limited to the resolution of our measured data points) at which phase segregation starts to occur. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-formation-energies-for-the-various-explored-1vbyyfja.png Table 1. Formation Energies for the Various Explored SConfigurations in BiVO4 with Respect to Pristine BiVO4 in an Oxygen-Free Atmosphere (Δμ0 = −4 eV) and a Temperature of 350 °C, Assuming Molecular Sulfur (S2) in the Gas Phase as the Source of Sulfur and a Partial Pressure of 3.5 × 10−4 bar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-dft-based-crystal-structure-of-pristine-bivo4-b-2n1g75kz.png Figure 5. (a) DFT-based crystal structure of pristine BiVO4. (b) DFT-based lowest-energy optimized crystal structure of BiVO3.37S0.63 material revealing a well-dispersed S-pairing configuration. Bi are in purple, V in gray, O in red, and S in green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dft-based-computed-electronic-structure-of-bivo4-1w4pcg2z.png Figure 6. DFT-based computed electronic structure of BiVO4 (left) and BiVO3.37S0.63 (right) revealing well-dispersed S-pairing configuration. Contributions from S 3p, O 2p, V 3d, and Bi 6s are shown in green, red, gray, and purple colors, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-fcrn-dependent-transepithelial-delivery-of-igg-by-iz4zlme5ea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spr-derived-kinetics-for-binding-of-human-igg1-eqq499oc.png Table 1 | SPR-derived kinetics for binding of human IgG1 variants to human FcRn. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fcrn-binding-and-transport-of-igg1-fc-engineered-2131y0zo.png Fig. 4. FcRn binding and transport of IgG1 Fc-engineered variants. (A) Structural illustration showing the Fc part (blue) of human IgG1. Amino acid substitutions included in different variants engineered for improved hFcRn binding are shown as red spheres. The figure was prepared using PyMOL and was based on the Protein Data Bank structure 1HZH [99]. (B–F) Representative SPR sensorgrams showing binding of titrated amounts of monomeric hFcRn (31.25–4000.0 nM) injected over immobilized Fc-engineered NIP specific IgG1 variants (~550 R.U.) at pH 6.0. The injections were performed at 25 °C and the flow rate was 40 μl/min. (G) ELISA showing binding of Fc-engineered NIP specific IgG1 variants towards hFcRnGST at pH 6.0 and (H) pH 7.4. Error bars indicate S.D. of duplicates from one representative experiment out of three. (I) Transwell assay showing apical to basolateral transport of NIPspecific Fc-engineered IgG1 variants across polarized T84 monolayers 4 h post addition. Presented as pM/cm2. Error bars indicate S.D. of four individual monolayers from one representative experiment out of three. *p b 0.05, **p b 0.001, ***p b 0.0005, ****p b 0.0001, ns: not significant, by one-way ANOVA test (Dunnetts). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-synergistic-enhancement-of-fcrn-mediated-transcellular-2fe6r8kx.png Fig. 5. Synergistic enhancement of FcRn-mediated transcellular transport. (A) Apical to basolateral transport of monomeric IgG1-WT, monomeric IgG1-MN, IgG1-WT:NIP-OVA and IgG1MN:NIP-OVA ICs across polarized T84 monolayers 4 h post addition. Presented as pM/cm2. (B) Apical to basolateral transport of monomeric IgG1-WT or IgG1-MN across polarized T84 monolayers at either an acidic (6.0) or physiological (7.4) apical pH environment. Presented as in (A). (C) Apical to basolateral transport of IgG1-WT:NIP-OVA and IgG1-MN:NIP-OVA complexes across polarized T84 monolayers at either acidic (6.0) or physiological (7.4) apical pH environment. Presented as in (A). (D) Apical to basolateral transport of IgG1-WT:NIPOVA and IgG1-IHH:NIP-OVA complexes across polarized T84 monolayers at either an acidic (6.0) or physiological (7.4) apical pH environment. Presented as in (A). Error bars indicate S.D. of four individual monolayers from one representative experiment out of three. *p b 0.05, **p b 0.001, ***p b 0.0005, ****p b 0.0001, ns: not significant, by one-way ANOVA test (Dunnetts). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-enhanced-fcrn-mediated-transcellular-delivery-of-a-s3wll8gw.png Fig. 6. Enhanced FcRn-mediated transcellular delivery of a polymeric Fc-fusion format. Apical to basolateral transport of infliximab, polyFc-L309C and polyFc-L309C/H310L across polarized T84 monolayers at either an (A) acidic (6.0) or (B) physiological (7.4) apical pH environment. Presented as pM/cm2. Error bars indicate S.D. of four individual monolayers from one representative experiment out of three. *p b 0.05, **p b 0.001, ***p b 0.0005, ****p b 0.0001, ns: not significant, by one-way ANOVA test (Tukey's). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characterization-of-the-human-epithelial-cell-line-t84-3phr0mmz.png Fig. 1. Characterization of the human epithelial cell line T84. (A) RT-PCR showing amplification of hFcRn HC, β2m and FcγRIIb mRNA transcripts isolated from the human epithelial cell lines T84, CaCo-2 and CaLu-3. JURKAT (T-cell line) andU937 (monocytic cell line) were included as negative and positive controls, respectively. Amplification of GAPDHmRNA transcripts was used as a housekeeping control. (B) RT-PCR showing amplification of Ii splice variants (p33/p35) and (p41/p43)mRNA transcripts from thehuman epithelial cell lines T84, CaCo-2 and CaLu-3. Controls as in (A). (C) Stainingof T84 cells using the anti-hFcRnHC antibodyADM31. Amouse IgG2b antibodywasused as an isotype control. FcRn is shown in greenwhileHoechst stainingwas included to visualize the nucleus (blue). Scale bars are 10 μm. (D) Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (Ω·cm2)measured over four developingmonolayers of T84 cells from 0 to 5 days post seeding. Error bars indicate S.D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fcrn-mediated-bidirectional-flux-of-igg-across-1xanloeu.png Fig. 2. FcRn mediated bidirectional flux of IgG across polarized T84 monolayers. (A) A structu residues I253, H310 and H435 are shown as red spheres. The figure was prepared using PyM showing apical to basolateral transport of NIP-specific IgG1-WT and IgG1-IHH across polarize apical transport of NIP-specific IgG1-WT and IgG1-IHH across polarized T84 monolayers at 0 specific IgG1-WT across polarized T84 monolayers in the absence and presence of 0.1 μM Ba from one representative experiment out of three. *p b 0.05, **p b 0.001, ***p b 0.0005, ****p b 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-differential-fcrn-mediated-delivery-of-commercial-igg-36cq6550.png Fig. 3. Differential FcRn mediated delivery of commercial IgG-based drugs. (A) Non-reducing (150 kDa), etancercept (150 kDa), and rituximab Fc (50 kDa). The 140 kDa and 50 kDa band o showing binding of titrated amounts of monomeric hFcRn injected over immobilized comme and the flow rate was 40 μl/min. (E–G) Steady state affinity constants were determined by pl hFcRn using the BIAevaluation 4.1 software. (H) Transwell assay showing apical to basolate monolayers 4 h post adding. Presented as pM/cm2. Error bars indicate S.D. of four individual m way ANOVA test (Dunnetts). https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-genome-annotation-strategy-provides-novel-insights-3pdsafjndo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-enumeration-of-different-tree-search-strategies-10zygdcs.png Table 1. Enumeration of different tree search strategies. “Translation” and “Geneious MSA” indicates the translation-based alignment tool and the multiple sequence alignment tool provided in Geneious v8.1.9, respectively. The ditto mark (") indicates values that are the same as the above. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-likelihood-scores-of-pruned-trees-calculated-with-1onczhre.png Figure 6. Likelihood scores of pruned trees calculated with IQ-Tree using the data from the matrix and partition scheme of the working hypothesis. The graphic shows that the likelihood scores are sensitive to data partitioning and outgroup selection. Tree numbers correspond to Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sammon-projection-showing-the-multidimensional-3eq4ep0i.png Figure 5. Sammon projection showing the multidimensional scaling of match-split distances among trees. The graphic displays the relationship among different tree topologies, clustering them into distinctive groups. Outgroup sequences (Hepacivirus, Pegivirus, and Pestivirus) were removed to guarantee the compared tree topologies would have the same terminals. Tree numbers correspond to those in Table 1. (I) Outgroup sequences and partitioned matrices. * This tree was produced without outgroup sequences. (II) No outgroup sequences; some matrices were partitioned. See Figure S1 (Supplementary Materials) for a dendrogram depicting the hierarchical clusters of trees based on match-split distances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-continuation-from-of-the-working-phylogenetic-2vlk8jop.png Figure 9. Continuation (from *) of the working phylogenetic hypothesis of Flaviviridae (see tree No. 0, Table 1, Figure 8). Branch lengths represent an estimation of average the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Node labels indicate SH-aLRT support/ultrafast bootstrap (only shown if one of the values is below 90% too improve visualization). This image shows a group within flaviviruses which is sister to (NKV Specific lineage + (Seabird Tick-borne + Mammalian Tick-borne)). ∆ = The Ecuador Paraiso Escondido virus (EPEV) was isolated from sand flies (Psathyromyia abonnenci). The EPEV was the first sand fly-borne flavivirus identified in the New World. See Figure S2 (Supplementary Materials) for a full version of this tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phylogenetic-hypothesis-tree-no-0-in-table-1-branch-12vkw38l.png Figure 8. Phylogenetic hypothesis (tree No. 0 in Table 1). Branch lengths represent an estimation of the average number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Node labels indicate SH-aLRT support/ultrafast bootstrap (only shown if one of the values is below 90%). Clade names correlate to the character categorization analysis (Table S2, Supplementary Materials). Branch labels represent the four genera: I = Pestivirus; II = Pegivirus; III = Hepacivirus; IV = Flavivirus. Tree continues on Figure 8 (indicated by *). See Figure S2 (Supplementary Materials) for a full version of this tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-efficiency-of-annotation-pipeline-and-partition-2dqywd7w.png Figure 3. Efficiency of annotation pipeline and partition prevalence. The calculation of efficiency and prevalence considers 63 fully annotated reference sequences from the genera Flavivirus (48 sequences), Hepacivirus (seven sequences), Pegivirus (four sequences), and Pestivirus (four sequences). Prevalence is a measure of how widespread the partition is among the 63 annotated reference genomes. Annotation efficiency is a measure of the number of correct annotations when comparing the results with the 63 fully annotated reference genomes included in this study. There were no false positives. Values below each partition indicate their average length among the selected taxa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-steps-of-the-protein-annotation-pipeline-3ppgsrhc.png Figure 1. Main steps of the protein annotation pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-density-plot-representing-the-distribution-of-the-459mumf1.png Figure 7. Density plot representing the distribution of the match-split distances among unrooted binary cladograms. The Kruskal–Wallis test was significant (p = 0.0048) only between groups “among new” and “from the original.” Dashed lines represent the mean of the groups. https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-oncolysis-mediated-by-coxsackievirus-a21-in-3z5vb9g1s9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-skelding-et-al-mhlae77p.png Table 1. Skelding et al https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-skelding-et-al-95yvls8e.png Table 2. Skelding et al https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-micro-pocket-fission-detector-for-high-temperature-12yenavdgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-mcnp-transient-mpfd-model-left-and-location-in-phhqm3wc.png Figure 33. MCNP Transient-MPFD model (left) and location in experiment (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-round-geometry-mpfd-design-suitable-for-mtr-3nn0rzgx.png Figure 7. Round geometry MPFD design suitable for MTR irradiations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-electrodeposition-system-at-ksu-left-with-ht-mpfd-14vw7n95.png Figure 24. Electrodeposition system at KSU (left) with HT MPFD under deposition (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-electrodeposited-sample-of-uranium-under-analysis-1ccmod9y.png Figure 25. Electrodeposited sample of uranium under analysis with XRF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-component-diagram-of-mpfd-design-showing-wire-7c4mio2p.png Figure 8. Component diagram of MPFD design showing wire locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-desired-parameters-for-detection-during-39eeugiq.png Table 1. Summary of desired parameters for detection during fuel irradiation tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representative-cea-miniature-fission-chambers-and-tpptos6g.png Figure 4. Representative CEA miniature fission chambers and component sketch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-40-radiation-hardened-pre-amplifier-design-left-and-3dnlf3jn.png Figure 40. Radiation hardened pre-amplifier design (left) and kickoff meeting at INL (right) https://scispace.com/papers/enhanced-performance-of-counter-flow-sofc-with-partial-44ztjf6tih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-e-partial-internal-reformation-block-diagram-2szsqg5p.png Fig. 9 e Partial internal reformation block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-e-feedback-control-block-diagram-111arrgb.png Fig. 2 e Feedback control block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-e-predicted-steady-state-temperature-profile-for-1hvm2c4u.png Fig. 10 e Predicted steady state temperature profile for partia https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-e-predicted-anode-inlet-temperature-and-change-of-21z1w8p4.png Fig. 4 e Predicted anode inlet temperature and change of specie https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-e-predicted-fuel-cell-voltage-and-current-during-38ss90oh.png Fig. 3 e Predicted fuel cell voltage and current during transient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-e-predicted-load-tracking-profile-vgwnx4vm.png Fig. 8 e Predicted load Tracking profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-e-quasi-2-dimensional-counter-flow-sofc-spatial-ckti12h9.png Fig. 1 e Quasi 2-dimensional counter-flow SOFC spatial discretization [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-e-predicted-mo-3j2o7ku8.png Fig. 5 e Predicted mo https://scispace.com/papers/enhancement-and-control-of-carrier-lifetimes-in-p-type-4h-1xzy3hcx3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-major-deep-levels-existing-in-an-as-grown-4h-sic-1onxfc1r.png TABLE I. Major deep levels existing in an as-grown 4H-SiC epilayer and those after the irradiation and annealing. (The same deep levels are assumed to exist in the band gap for both p-type and n-type 4H-SiC.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-distribution-of-carrier-lifetimes-in-a-p-type-4h-sic-2jv0roiy.png FIG. 6. Distribution of carrier lifetimes in a p-type 4H-SiC sample after the lifetime control process with irradiation energy of 200 keV: (a) irradiation condition and (b) lifetime mapping of the sample. The lifetime mapping was measured in a high injection level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relation-between-the-inverse-of-carrier-lifetime-and-2hdii8cr.png FIG. 7. Relation between the inverse of carrier lifetime and the estimated Z1/2 concentration in irradiated p-type 4H-SiC. The dashed line in the figure is obtained from the measurements on n-type 4H-SiC.11 The carrier lifetime was measured in a high injection level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-oxidation-time-dependence-of-carrier-lifetime-for-a-2tm2qo8s.png FIG. 4. Oxidation-time dependence of carrier lifetime for a 147-lm thick p-type 4H-SiC epilayer with various oxidation times up to 45 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-annealing-temperature-dependence-of-carrier-lifetime-3w0xenvu.png FIG. 5. Annealing temperature dependence of carrier lifetime in 147-lm thick p-type 4H-SiC epilayers after carbon implantation process. Carbon ions were implanted at 600 C to make a 300-nm deep box profile with a carbon concentration of 5 1020 cm 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-l-pcd-decay-curves-for-a-147-lm-thick-p-type-4h-sic-309spxap.png FIG. 3. l-PCD decay curves for a 147-lm thick p-type 4H-SiC epilayer after oxidation at 1350 C for 10, 15, and 25 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-l-pcd-decay-curves-measured-before-and-after-various-22nfvpm3.png FIG. 1. l-PCD decay curves measured before and after various processing steps (oxidation at 1300 C for 5 h, Ar annealing at 1550 C for 30 min, and surface passivation with a nitrided oxide) for a 147-lm thick p-type 4H-SiC epilayer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-l-pcd-decay-curves-for-a-147-lm-thick-p-type-4h-sic-39ck8g0m.png FIG. 2. l-PCD decay curves for a 147-lm thick p-type 4H-SiC epilayer (as-grown) before and after surface passivation with deposited SiO2 annealed in NO. https://scispace.com/papers/enhancement-of-4-electron-o2-reduction-by-a-cu-ii-54rbqtxeoq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-one-electron-reduction-potentials-ered-h2o2-yields-2xt3zdsw.png Table 1 One-electron reduction potentials (Ered), H2O2 yields determined by iodometry and RRDV, number of electrons transferred (ncat), and reaction rate constants of catalytic O2 reduction under O2 (kcat) of CuNNN-py and CuNNN in pH 4.2 and 6.7 aqueous solution at 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rotating-ring-disk-voltammograms-for-a-cunnn-pyh-at-ph-39tbqwf0.png Fig. 4 Rotating ring-disk voltammograms for (a) CuNNN-pyH+ at pH 4.2, (b) CuNNN-py at pH 6.7, (c) CuNNN at pH 4.2, and (d) CuNNN at pH 6.7 in 0.1 M KNO3 bubbled with 1 atm O2 or 1 atm Ar at 298 K. iD of O2 (pink), iR of O2 (blue), iD of Ar (orange), iR of Ar (green). ER = 1.0 V vs. SCE, 20 mV/s, 400 rpm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plots-of-the-ratio-of-the-catalytic-current-ic-to-the-3uoaupe7.png Fig. 5 Plots of the ratio of the catalytic current, ic, to the blank peak current, ip, vs. ν–1/2 (a) CuNNN-pyH+ at pH 4.2, (b) CuNNN-py at pH 6.7, (c) CuNNN-py at pH 4.2, (d) CuNNN at pH 6.7. Conditions: [Cu complex] = 0.5 mM, 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-a-dft-optimized-structure-of-the-hydroperoxo-species-3pku8rag.png Fig. 6 (a) A DFT-optimized structure of the hydroperoxo species of CuNNN-pyH+. (b) Space-filling representation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cyclic-voltammograms-and-differential-pulse-34h8fzf2.png Fig. 3 Cyclic voltammograms and differential pulse voltammograms of CuNNN (purple) CuNNN-py (pink) at (a) pH 4.2 and (b) pH 6.7 in H2O at 298 K under Ar. Cyclic voltammograms of CuNNN-py at (c) pH 4.2 and (d) pH 6.7 under Ar (blue) and O2 (pink). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-ortep-drawing-of-the-cation-moiety-of-cunnnpy-2-1rgy4eml.png Fig. 2 An ORTEP drawing of the cation moiety of (CuNNNpy)2 using 50% probability thermal ellipsoids with numbering scheme for the heteroatoms. Hydrogen atoms and axially bound BF4– ions are omitted for clarity (see Fig. S2 in the ESI†). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-cuii-complexes-used-in-this-2axu4bzr.png Fig. 1 Chemical structures of CuII complexes used in this work. https://scispace.com/papers/enhancement-of-average-thermoelectric-figure-of-merit-by-4zqedmjv8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-xrd-patterns-of-the-polished-surface-of-sintered-mg3-3enj04jv.png FIG. 1. (a) XRD patterns of the polished surface of sintered Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.49 Te0.01 samples obtained using Cu-Ka radiation (Rigaku RINT-TTR III; Japan). Inset: crystal structure of Mg3(Sb,Bi,Te)2. (b) EBSD crystalorientation maps of the sample sintered at 873 K (average grain size: 1.0 lm) and (c) 1123 K (average grain size: 7.8 lm). Map colors are assigned using the inverse pole figure (IPF) color scheme shown in the legend under (b). Grain boundaries were drawn where the misorientation angle between grains is more than 15 . The grain size was averaged over a 20 lm 10 lm area [Fig. 1(b)] for the sample sintered at 873 K and a 180 lm 60 lm area (see supplementary material S2) for the sample sintered at 1123 K. EBSD measurement was performed using an EBSD detector (EDAX; USA) equipped with a scanning electron microscope (Zeiss Supra 55VP; Germany). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-thermal-conductivity-of-mg3-2sb1-5bi0-49te0-01-sbqinklf.png FIG. 2. (a) Thermal conductivity of Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01 sintered at 873 K and 1123 K. (b) Accumulated lattice thermal conductivity of Mg3Sb2 at room temperature as a function of phonon mean-free-path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-figure-of-merit-zt-b-calculated-conversion-z2302w7e.png FIG. 4. (a) Figure of merit zT, (b) calculated conversion efficiency, (c) absolute values of compatibility factor jsj and relative current density juj, and (d) reduced efficiency gr of Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01 sintered at 873 K and 1123 K. Properties of a hole-doped SnSe single crystal along the b axis 3 and PbS-alloyed PbTe with the phase separated nanostructure4 were plotted for comparison. In (b)–(d), the cold side temperature Tc was fixed to be 300 K. For (c) and (d), the hot side temperature Th was fixed to be 720 K. The efficiency, s, u, and gr were calculated using the spreadsheet calculator reported in Ref. 22. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-for-various-scattering-models-19-30oh21cb.png TABLE I. Parameters for various scattering models.19 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-electrical-resistivity-b-seebeck-coefficient-c-power-3521a8mq.png FIG. 3. (a) Electrical resistivity, (b) Seebeck coefficient, (c) power factor (¼ S2/q), (d) carrier density, and (e) Hall mobility of Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01 sintered at 873 K and 1123 K. (f) Comparison of the experimentally found log jSj logr relation with different energy dependent scattering models. At all temperatures between 300 and 470 K, better agreement with the curve shape of s / E 1=2 (rather than s / E3=2) is found, which is an energy dependency that is predicted by acoustic-phonon and point defect scattering models rather than ionized impurity scattering (see Table I). The open circle data points are from the literature where thermally activated conduction was attributed to ionized impurity scattering.6 Solid square data points are from a group of samples in this work (with smaller grain size) that had similar low temperature resistivity. https://scispace.com/papers/enhancement-of-bend-sensor-properties-as-applied-in-a-glove-1hk8gp07df 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-sensors-embedded-in-the-glove-accuracy-evaluation-2lqrl76a.png TABLE II SENSORS EMBEDDED IN THE GLOVE ACCURACY EVALUATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bland-altman-graphic-illustrating-the-agreement-jnycfekt.png Fig. 5. Bland-Altman graphic illustrating the agreement between the sensors embedded in the glove and traditional goniometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-output-responses-of-a-50-8-mm-sensor-as-a-function-of-3v0cfddn.png Fig. 4. Output responses of a 50.8-mm sensor as a function of the bending angle with bending locations of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 mm from the sensor proximal end. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sensor-reproducibility-evaluation-31p7gf78.png TABLE I SENSOR REPRODUCIBILITY EVALUATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-responses-of-a-50-8-mm-sensor-as-a-function-of-r3vohsh1.png Fig. 3. Output responses of a 50.8-mm sensor as a function of the bending angle with a series resistor of 10, 22, 33, and 68 kΩ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-medium-hand-size-of-a-subject-wearing-the-neuroassess-ih0xtf04.png Fig. 1. Medium hand size of a subject wearing the NeuroAssess Glove. The glove has integrated sleeves into which bend sensors are introduced. Four 50.8-mm (2-in) sensors are used for finger flexion monitoring and two 76.2-mm (3-in) sensors for palmar and dorsal wrist flexion monitoring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-different-bending-locations-of-a-50-8-mm-resistive-2kzk1tt3.png Fig. 2. Different bending locations of a 50.8-mm resistive bend sensor used to monitor finger joint motion. https://scispace.com/papers/enhancing-the-electron-mobility-of-srtio3-with-strain-z4f8a8vmu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-stress-induced-electron-mobility-gains-in-ee7z5lhg.png FIG. 2. Color online Stress-induced electron mobility gains in epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films. a Schematic of the three-point bending apparatus. b – c Hall electron mobility in SrTiO3 layers with b a carrier concentration of 3.6 1017 cm−3, and c a carrier concentration of 7.5 1017 cm−3 as a function of temperature under different uniaxial stress. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-energy-bands-near-the-conduction-band-2fbelhy9.png FIG. 1. Color online Energy bands near the conduction band minimum for the cubic and tetragonal phases of SrTiO3. a Conduction band energy E vs wave vector k relationship of cubic SrTiO3 showing degenerate at k =0 , HE and a LE bands. b The conduction bands split for tetragonal SrTiO3. Along the direction of the longer tetragonal c-axis the LE band is lower in energy. The spin orbit split-off band is not shown. c Fermi surface of the lower band of the band structure shown in b . The band parameters used here are obtained from an analysis of magnetoresistance oscillations by Uwe et al. Ref. 8 . https://scispace.com/papers/enhancing-the-sales-benefits-of-radical-product-4ltu599v6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-inter-construct-3q8v65y9.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics and inter-construct correlations for samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-findings-on-hypotheses-testing-1befxqz8.png Table 2: Findings on hypotheses testing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-and-hypotheses-2t7h58f8.png Figure 1: Conceptual model and hypotheses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interactive-effect-of-entrepreneurial-orientation-hch4vu4o.png Figure 2: Interactive effect of entrepreneurial orientation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interactive-effect-of-market-orientation-o15m4l1d.png Figure 3: Interactive effect of market orientation https://scispace.com/papers/enlisting-accounting-history-in-the-contest-between-43po6d8jfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-main-evidence-from-the-lombard-archives-examined-by-1z0mmffj.png Table 4. Main evidence from the Lombard archives examined by Zerbi https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sources-used-by-zerbi-1riojk0o.png Table 3. Sources used by Zerbi https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accounting-history-publications-by-zerbi-92611yt9.png Table 1. Accounting history publications by Zerbi https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-main-tenets-of-the-capital-centred-and-profit-fr8scdnb.png Table 2. The main tenets of the capital-centred and profit-centred accounting systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-main-evidence-from-the-genoese-venetian-and-tuscan-1atvoogn.png Table 5. Main evidence from the Genoese, Venetian and Tuscan archives examined by Zerbi https://scispace.com/papers/enriching-matlab-with-aspect-oriented-features-for-3zdrybu0w4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simple-matlab-example-code-needed-to-model-specialized-8wsay23x.png Fig. 8. Simple MATLAB example – code needed to model specialized fixed-point bit-widths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-examples-of-semantic-rules-for-data-type-conversions-3b6ox2lp.png Fig. 16. Examples of semantic rules for data type conversions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-quantification-rule-applied-to-the-function-from-fig-ygsglsex.png Fig. 19. Quantification rule applied to the function from Fig. 2 for variable (specialized) fixed-point representation using semantic rules defined with the aspect-oriented language. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-semantic-rules-example-a-matlab-code-with-an-1p11ygqc.png Fig. 17. Semantic rules example: (a) MATLAB code with an expression; (b) resulting code after applying semantic rules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-two-examples-of-different-semantic-rules-for-fixed-26db7g5e.png Fig. 18. Two examples of different semantic rules for fixed-point multiplications: (a) intermediate results with the precision required to store the result of the multiplication; (b) intermediate results using the precision used to store the result of the expression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-properties-currently-considered-2vamnuic.png Table 1 The properties currently considered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-outline-of-the-matlab-based-system-enhanced-with-2jq94wvq.png Fig. 9. Outline of the MATLAB-based system enhanced with aspect-oriented rules. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-types-and-the-corresponding-parameters-371cgjst.png Table 2 Data types and the corresponding parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/entanglement-generation-by-fock-state-filtration-1sx518cy49 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-density-matrices-for-the-fock-state-2xk9wnmd.png FIG. 3 (color online). Density matrices for the Fock-state filter. Ideal output states from the filter when the filtering is (a) turned off, jDDi, and (b) turned on, jHHi-jVVi = 2p , as described in text. The corresponding experimental tomographic reconstructions, based on raw counts, are shown, respectively, in (c) and (d), the upper (lower) panels are the real (imaginary) components. The fidelity between the ideal and measured states is 93 4% and 69 9%, respectively. The state measured in (d) is entangled, with tangle T 20 9%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quantum-interference-in-two-and-fourfold-coincidence-z45s0at4.png FIG. 2. Quantum interference in two- and fourfold coincidence counts as a function of the longitudinal position of the input fiber coupler for mode b. At zero delay, we see marked preferential absorption of single-photon over two-photon states in mode c, as indicated by the larger dip in two- over fourfold counts. The twoand fourfold raw visibilities are 95:20 0:02 % and 68 5 %, respectively; correcting for background as described in the text, the twofold visibility becomes 99:6 0:1 % (error bars are smaller than the points in the twofold case and are not shown). The visibilities are in excellent agreement with the theoretically expected two- and four-visibilities of 100% and 66.7% [6,11,18]. The input coupler was scanned 1 mm in 630 s: to mitigate drift effects the scan was repeated 63 times, leading to an integration time of 31.5 min per point. The slopes in the data are due to longitudinal-position-dependent coupling to the detectors; the trigger detector was particularly sensitive in this respect, leading to a large slope in the fourfolds; the twofolds show a much smaller slope as the trigger detector plays no role in that data. The visibilities were obtained from curve fits to products of a Gaussian and a linear function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-fock-state-filter-a-device-that-ete0z0pv.png FIG. 1 (color online). The Fock-state filter: a device that blocks the passage of single photons, but allows the coherent passage of photon pairs. As described in the text, a probabilistic Fock-state filter can be created by combining a 50% beam splitter, ancilla photon, quantum interference, and measurement. https://scispace.com/papers/enterprise-zones-poverty-and-labor-market-outcomes-resolving-4dufhzdflj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimates-of-the-effects-of-federal-enterprise-fc0mn2r7.png Table 8. Estimates of the Effects of Federal Enterprise Community Zones (ENTCs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimates-of-the-effects-of-state-enterprise-zones-2luhexqz.png Table 6. Estimates of the Effects of State Enterprise Zones (ENTZs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparing-trends-for-state-enterprise-zones-entzs-3p9zxkna.png Figure 1. Comparing Trends for State Enterprise Zones (ENTZs) and Potential Controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimates-of-the-effects-of-federal-empowerment-2jwa5p9x.png Table 7. Estimates of the Effects of Federal Empowerment Zones (EMPZs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-poverty-outcomes-in-state-1gbzvwp6.png Table 2: Summary Statistics for Poverty Outcomes in State Enterprise Zone Analysis: Comparing Estimates Using NCDB Data and HSIS Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-testing-for-pre-trends-in-state-enterprise-zones-3rtyk7q5.png Table 3. Testing for Pre-trends in State Enterprise Zones (ENTZs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-testing-for-pre-trends-in-federal-empowerment-zones-1no1xw33.png Table 4. Testing for Pre-trends in Federal Empowerment Zones (EMPZs) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparing-trends-in-for-federal-enterprise-3h21gemw.png Figure 3. Comparing Trends in for Federal Enterprise Communities (ENTCs) and Potential Controls https://scispace.com/papers/ensemble-forecasting-of-harmful-algal-blooms-in-the-baltic-36lgfu3lxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-argo-missions-in-bothnian-sea-deep-area-there-38iqkk1n.png Figure 3.1 Argo missions in Bothnian Sea deep area. There were altogether 257 measurement cycles analysed for this study. The bathymetry is shown in greyscale and the studied area is marked with red box. The routes of the missions are marked with other colours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-an-example-of-the-monthly-forecast-predicting-sst-sfg7jmwg.png Figure 3.3 An example of the monthly forecast predicting SST (a) and the amount of cyanobacteria (b). The forecast is made for the east coast of Gotland island (18.10◦E 57.25◦N) beginning from 20 June 2008 and ending 7 July. In the SST forecast upwelling event can be seen on 24 June. Figures (a) and (b) are from Publication V https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-the-current-rose-a-and-probability-density-1uahmf3b.png Figure 3.2 The current rose (a) and probability density histogram (b) showing the directions and distributions of the current speed in the Gulf of Bothnia Deep for Apex Missions A–F (Table 2.1). The figures are drawn from the data in Publication III. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-schematic-illustration-of-apex-cycle-in-the-3bu19oe8.png Figure 2.1 Schematic illustration of APEX cycle in the Baltic Sea (from Publication III) The profile starts from the parking depth. Db marks the beginning of the descent to the parking depth and De marks the beginning of the drifting phase. Ab and Ae mark the beginning and the end of profile sampling respectively, and ∆tD and ∆tA are the descension and ascension times, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-apex-measurements-in-the-baltic-sea-publications-3go5u81x.png Figure 2.2 APEX measurements in the Baltic Sea (Publications I, II and III). The location of the deployment is marked with a circle and the mission end point with a cross. The details of the missions are presented in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-spatial-and-temporal-scales-in-the-sea-figure-gyxqlt2r.png Figure 1.2 Spatial and temporal scales in the sea. Figure after Stommel (1963) and Dickey (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-a-map-of-the-baltic-sea-sub-basins-surrounding-3dukekur.png Figure 1.1 A map of the Baltic Sea sub-basins, surrounding countries and drainage area (HELCOM 2018b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-an-outline-of-the-operational-oceanographic-3pwmm01n.png Figure 1.3 An outline of the operational oceanographic system (simplified and modified from Bell et al. (2013)). The publications included in this thesis and the main areas of studies are marked on the picture. https://scispace.com/papers/entrenchment-or-enhancement-could-climate-change-adaptation-2s50ty4ry8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-potential-impacts-of-climate-change-on-poverty-and-12pcpi8v.png Figure 1 Potential impacts of climate change on poverty and the MDGs https://scispace.com/papers/entrepreneurial-innovations-and-taxation-zdzwzu1fmu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-equilibrium-ownership-structure-and-the-owvc7kgx.png Table 1: The equilibrium ownership structure and the acquisition price https://scispace.com/papers/entrepreneurial-skills-to-be-successful-in-the-global-and-1w7z3pgabk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-flowchart-that-summarizes-the-main-conclusions-of-3g9ofkvl.png Figure 1. A flowchart that summarizes the main conclusions of this review and guides the development of entrepreneurial pedagogy and the definition of research projects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reference-framework-for-global-entrepreneurial-ryd4gaw2.png Table 1. Reference framework for global entrepreneurial skills. https://scispace.com/papers/entrepreneurship-human-capital-and-labor-demand-a-story-of-27sg4uzdin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-founders-qualification-level-3v0mqe0c.png Figure 3. Relationship between founder’s qualification level and the number of employees by qualification level and firm age for firms in Denmark and Germany (based on baseline regression results in Tables A3 and A4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-development-of-employees-qualification-levels-in-b1w3b35w.png Figure 2. Development of employees’ qualification levels in start-ups in Denmark (manufacturing and KIBS). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-development-of-employees-qualification-levels-in-2dow1k37.png Figure 1. Development of employees’ qualification levels in start-ups in Germany (manufacturing and KIBS). https://scispace.com/papers/entry-mode-and-emerging-market-mnes-an-analysis-of-chinese-reylt8xehb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-descriptions-expected-signs-data-sources-iznsa2d1.png Table 1: Variables, descriptions, expected signs, data sources and justifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-chinese-investment-deals-in-the-united-22k4l9od.png Figure 1: Number of Chinese investment deals in the United States from 2003-2011 https://scispace.com/papers/entropy-estimates-for-the-irish-language-24zacoo50n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-runtimes-for-the-compression-phase-on-2-3ghz-core-i5-2ytzhszi.png Fig. 5. Runtimes for the compression phase (on 2.3GHz Core i5 on OS X Mojave). Irish texts are shown on the top, English texts below. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-a-summary-of-the-data-sets-used-to-estimate-the-2iyjram3.png TABLE II A SUMMARY OF THE DATA SETS USED TO ESTIMATE THE ENTROPY. CHARACTER AND WORD COUNTS ARE CONDUCTED WITH THE WC TOOL IN A UTF-8 LOCALE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-options-used-for-each-compressor-2sv8f93k.png TABLE I OPTIONS USED FOR EACH COMPRESSOR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-performance-of-various-compressors-on-random-bernoulli-2dgx3l4s.png Fig. 1. Performance of various compressors on random Bernoulli 0/1 text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-entropy-estimates-in-bits-per-character-via-fitting-18yvw2yn.png TABLE IV ENTROPY ESTIMATES IN BITS PER CHARACTER VIA FITTING f1(n) AND USING h AS THE ENTROPY ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS COMPRESSORS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-entropy-estimates-in-bits-per-character-using-r-n-26o62pga.png TABLE III ENTROPY ESTIMATES IN BITS PER CHARACTER USING r(n∗) AT THE FILE SIZE, n∗ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performance-of-various-compressors-on-bitmap-of-odd-1c0ob884.png Fig. 2. Performance of various compressors on bitmap of odd primes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-various-compressors-on-english-text-the-2lnx76n3.png Fig. 4. Performance of various compressors on English text. The Bible is shown on the top, the Constitution of Ireland is shown in the middle and the GDPR is shown at the bottom. https://scispace.com/papers/enumeration-of-unrooted-odd-valent-regular-planar-maps-42plpve5k6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-numbers-of-unrooted-r-regular-maps-r-3-5-7-glhcj7x1.png Table 4: Numbers of unrooted r-regular maps, r = 3, 5, 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-choice-of-axial-cells-in-quotient-maps-for-lifting-3de6rgg8.png Table 2: Choice of axial cells in quotient maps for lifting https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quotient-maps-for-a-rn-m-22onjdsu.png Table 1: Quotient maps for A(rn;m) https://scispace.com/papers/environmental-influences-on-children-s-physical-activity-in-1c21ajrmhq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proportion-of-children-meeting-national-academy-of-2omah8zl.png Table 3: Proportion of children meeting National Academy of Medicine Recommendation (≥15mins TPA/hr) [23] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-childrens-physical-activity-means-ci-adjusted-vlavw814.png Table 2: Children’s physical activity. Means, CI, adjusted difference, and P values. https://scispace.com/papers/enzymatic-production-of-fully-deacetylated-4093d8crst 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-screening-of-chitosanolytic-activity-in-commercial-329i346k.png Table 1. Screening of chitosanolytic activity in commercial enzyme preparations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chitosanolytic-activity-of-neutrase-0-8l-with-8nvlwbpz.png Table 2. Chitosanolytic activity of Neutrase 0.8L with different chitosans as substrates. https://scispace.com/papers/enzyme-immobilization-on-ag-nanoparticles-polyaniline-1ms5qtd84z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-afm-images-of-ito-pva-agnp-and-ito-pani-pva-agnp-227n4q8e.png Fig. 2. AFM images of ITO/PVA–AgNP and ITO/PAni/PVA–AgNP/urease electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cyclic-voltammograms-for-ito-pani-and-ito-pva-agnp-14m2ik0i.png Fig. 1. (a) Cyclic voltammograms for ITO/PAni and ITO/PVA–AgNP electrodes under various scan rates (5, 20, 30, 40 and 50mVs−1). Electrolyte: 0.1mol L−1 H2SO4. (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cronoamperometric-curves-at-different-urea-14j87tq3.png Fig. 4. Cronoamperometric curves at different urea concentrations for ITO/PAni/urease (black line) and ITO/PAni/PVA–AgNP/urease (red line) electrodes. Applied potential: 0.0V (Ag/AgCl). Electrolyte: phosphate buffer 0.1mol L−1. b) Michaelis–Menten curves for ITO/PAni/urease ( ) and ITO/PAni/PVA–AgNP/urease (©) electrodes (n=3). Applied potential: 0.0V (Ag/AgCl). Electrolyte: phosphate buffer 0.1mol L−1. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cyclic-voltammograms-for-ito-pani-and-ito-pva-agnp-15r6b5wz.png Fig. 3. Cyclic voltammograms for ITO/PAni and ITO/PVA–AgNP electrodes before (red line) and after (black line) urease immobilization. Scan rate: 50mVs−1. Electrolyte: 0.1mol L−1 H2SO4. (For interpretationof the references to colour in thisfigure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.) https://scispace.com/papers/enzyme-free-nucleic-acid-dynamical-systems-3ywpapegn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-for-engineering-a-single-reaction-crn-with-r1mu3glz.png Fig. 2. (A) Schematic for engineering a single-reaction CRN with exponential amplification using our systematic pipeline. (B) Domain-level illustration of the DNA species involved (fuel species indicated by dashed boxes). (C) A limited amount of imperfect fuel molecules, such as those with DNA synthesis errors, release signal strands and waste products through fast spurious pathways (“initial leak”). Ideal fuel molecules release similar products through slow “gradual” leak. (D) A Threshold complex (ThC) is designed to consume leaked autocatalyst. (E) Experimental setup. Vertical dotted lines separate initial contents of the test tube and timed additions. Addition of Produce complexes kickstarts release of autocatalyst through initial and gradual leak. (F) Experimental data showing concentration of ThC (top) and the amount of HelperCCk consumed (bottom) for three independent samples with differing initial amounts of ThC. The progress of the reaction is monitored via fluorophores on the Helper and Threshold species shown in (B) and (D). (G) Mechanistic model semi-quantitatively captures the dynamics of the DNA implementation (Note S5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sequence-design-principles-illustrated-with-a-produce-1zi6kuqo.png Fig. 3. Sequence design principles illustrated with a Produce complex (ProduceBCjCk). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-to-other-recent-synthetic-cell-free-1rijlzsu.png Table 1. Comparison to other recent synthetic cell-free biochemical oscillators. † T7 RNA polymerase, E. coli Ribonuclease H, and pyrophosphatase; ‡ Bst DNA polymerase, RecJf exonuclease, and Nt.BstNBI nickase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-systematic-pipeline-for-engineering-dynamical-3risa7zf.png Fig. 1. (A) A systematic pipeline for engineering dynamical systems with DNA strand displacement. The dynamics of our closed batch reactor approximates that of the prescribed CRN as long as fuel species are in large excess. (B) Domain-level abstraction of a multi-strand DNA complex. Gray rectangle indicates double helix; arrows indicate 3’ ends; * denotes Watson-Crick complementarity. (C) Reversible toehold exchange: fleeting toeholdbinding facilitates strand exchange via three-way branch migration. (D) Implementation of the general bimolecular reaction U+V! X+Y occurs in two steps, react and produce, mediated by an intermediate Flux strand. (E) Individual strand displacement or toehold exchange reactions within the react and produce steps are mediated by fuel species (indicated by dashed boxes). Dotted lines illustrate toehold binding and dissociation interactions. Note that although one history domain is shown for the input signals (hUj and hVk ), equivalent reactions occur with input strands with other history domains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-experimental-scheme-for-engineering-the-1tkw1zob.png Fig. 4. (A) Experimental scheme for engineering the Displacillator. Vertical dotted lines separate initial contents of the test tube and timed additions. (B) Experimental data (solid lines) and mechanistic model fits (dashed lines) show time derivatives of the concentrations of the three Helper strands under three different initial conditions. Insets display measured Helper concentrations. (C) Phase plot of the experimental data shown in (B). Thick dots indicate initial conditions. Insets show time traces for each trajectory, as in (B). (D) Phase plot of the concentrations of the signal strands extrapolated from the mechanistic model. Insets show time traces of the signal concentrations for each trajectory. https://scispace.com/papers/enzymes-in-the-synthesis-of-bioactive-compounds-the-40nc3dlepz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-13-diketone-1-was-designed-to-elicitate-12egyuw4.png Figure 3. A) The 1,3 diketone 1 was designed to elicitate antibodies with aldolase activity. This hapten can both trap the requisite Lys residue in the antibody binding site (B) to then form the essential enamine intermediate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-claisen-rearrangement-of-chorismate-to-form-2htnpc0v.png Figure 2. The Claisen rearrangement of (–)-chorismate to form prephenate. The conformationally restricted endo-oxabicyclic dicarboxylic acid 1 mimics the structure of the transition state and was used as the template for generating antibodies with chorismate mutase activity.41 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-erythromycin-pks-system-the-pathway-has-three-3827rr5j.png Figure 15. The erythromycin PKS system. The pathway has three PKS polypeptides containing six modules and loading and releasing domains. The cyclized structure shown need to be further modified to bring erythromycin to its final structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamic-kinetic-resolution-of-1-phenylethyl-alcohol-1t2ikr4e.png Figure 4. Dynamic kinetic resolution of 1-phenylethyl alcohol.52 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simultaneous-asymmetric-hydrolysis-and-azidolysis-lx7og7ps.png Figure 5. Simultaneous asymmetric hydrolysis and azidolysis of (±)-2- methyl-2-pentyloxirane.54 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-four-dhap-dependent-aldolases-are-1m8cqzr9.png Figure 6. The four DHAP-dependent aldolases are stereocomplementary, allowing the synthesis of the four possible diaestereoisomers for a given https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-production-of-sugar-nucleotides-and-3w58bv56.png Figure 14. Production of sugar-nucleotides and oligosaccharides by combined use of C. ammoniagenes with E. coli strains metabolically engineered. A) Production system for UDP-Gal and globotriose.105 B) Production system for CMP-NeuAc and 3’-sialyllactose.108 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-iterative-synthesis-of-a-600-member-library-from-2v3zz2al.png Figure 13. Iterative synthesis of a 600-member library from the flavonoid bergenin.98b https://scispace.com/papers/eolian-additions-to-late-quaternary-alpine-soils-indian-1wc43t4ckn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histograms-showing-relative-proportions-of-various-1dkouhrt.png FIGURE 6. Histograms showing relative proportions of various particle size classes in Front Range silt-enriched mantles. All analyses done using a laser particle size analyzer at the U.S. Geological Survey. Note that the examples given here are the samples with the finest grain size; samples from Arapaho cirque and Lake Dorothy cirque have higher sand and lower silt contents (see text for discussion). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-ti-zr-ti-nb-and-ce-y-for-sand-and-pwmfkcse.png FIGURE 9. Comparison of Ti/ Zr, Ti/Nb, and Ce/Y for sand and silt fractions from soils in the study area. Shaded polygons show the range of these values for biotite gneisses and granitic rocks (Fig. 8), and open polygons show the range of values for North Park (NP) and Middle Park (MP) alluvial silts. https://scispace.com/papers/epipolar-consistency-in-transmission-imaging-13vq0kld7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-fan-beam-consistency-condition-levi-10-as-3kyoeddk.png Figure 4.3: Fan-beam consistency condition [Levi 10] as implemented in the original images. The computation of the rectified images in Figure 4.4 is avoided, but the curves are identical to a weighted summation over the intensity in these images. The two curves overlap almost perfectly (hence the difficult visualization). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-9-plots-of-the-six-parameters-as-deviations-from-1iq2tcpz.png Figure 5.9: Plots of the six parameters as deviations from the ground truth φ⋆ (shown at the origin). The cost function shows a clear minimum for all six parameters for the correct alignment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-left-visualization-of-the-full-scan-trajectory-1r3mblr4.png Figure 5.8: Left: Visualization of the full-scan trajectory with 106 views. Original trajectory in black and same trajectory transformed by optimal T−1φ in blue (two perspectives for better visualization of transformation). Right: Same visualization for a short-scan trajectory taken from an actual Artis Zeego C-arm system. Only 166 out of 496 projections are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-left-visualization-of-a-system-matrix-a-for-p-24-1e7ct2kk.png Figure 2.3: Left: Visualization of a system matrix A for p = 24 projections of a 32 × 32 pixel object onto a detector line of m = 48 bins. The matrix is sparse: all non-zero elements are shown in white. Each line describes the contribution of each of the 32 · 32 = 1024 pixels to a specific bin in the Radon transform. Center: Each row of the matrix contains 1024 elements, which can be re-arranged into a 32 × 32 grid and visualized as a line in the space of the object. There are a few different ways to define the contribution mathematically. For example, one may compute the intersection length of the line with each pixel. Right: Multiplication with A is a projection to a sinogram (i.e. discrete representation of the Radon transform) and a multiplication with its transpose A⊤ is a backprojection (shown in the bottom right). The backprojection is a blurred version of the original object. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-visualization-of-parallel-left-and-fab-beam-right-34rkqjt8.png Figure 1.2: Visualization of parallel (left) and fab-beam (right) geometries (reproduced from Maier at al. [Maie 18]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-summary-of-notation-used-in-this-chapter-ua8droue.png Table 2.1: Summary of notation used in this chapter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-random-study-of-10-samples-per-60-frames-of-the-lu4rlmz1.png Figure 5.3: Random study of 10 samples per 60 frames of the first sequence over random disturbances of 10° and 25 mm using three reference images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-radon-intermediate-functions-top-row-left-image-1uh8yamj.png Figure 4.8: Radon intermediate functions. Top row: Left image (red) from Figure 4.7. Bottom row: Right image (green) from Figure 4.7. From left to right: Radon transform of the projection images (without any filter); Derivative in t-direction (vertical direction in figure) of Radon transform and Ramp filter in t-direction of Radon transform. The red/green lines represent the samples drawn to produce Figures 4.9, where the colored dots (in sequence red, turquoise, magenta, blue, yellow) each go back to a specific epipolar plane. The corresponding epipolar lines are shown on the projection images in Figure 4.7. https://scispace.com/papers/epiphytic-and-endophytic-bacteria-on-olive-tree-phyllosphere-1lbo65cv56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-epiphytic-endophytic-and-whole-bacterial-c8v710yf.png Fig. 2 Comparison of epiphytic, endophytic and whole bacterial communities in leaves and twigs regarding their abundance (relative abundance per tree), richness (number of OTUs/tree) and alpha diversity (Simpson’s index). Box plots depict medians (central horizontal lines), the inter-quartile ranges (boxes), 95% confidence intervals (whiskers) and outliers (dots). Significant differences between pairs of values are showed over horizontal lines. (n.s. not significant) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-metric-multidimensional-scale-nmds-plots-7uwb8225.png Fig. 3 Non-metric multidimensional scale (NMDS) plots corresponding to the clustering of epiphytic, endophytic and whole bacterial communities. Cluster analysis was performed with two different community similarity measures, namely, Bray-Curtis coefficient (raw abundance data) and Jaccard’s index (binary data). Bacterial communities from different olive tree cultivar (Cobrançosa or VerdealTransmontana) and plant organ (leaves or twigs) are represented by different colors/shapes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-abundance-of-bacterial-families-and-2b1p2nto.png Fig. 4 Relative abundance of bacterial families (and respective phyla) of epiphytes and endophytes present in leaves and twigs of olive tree cv. Cobrançosa and cv. Verdeal-Transmontana. (a) Relative abundance of bacterial families; (b) Relative abundance of bacterial families that exhibited significant (p < 0.05) differential abundance across host cultivar and plant organ. In b, displayed differences were only detected on epiphytic or on endophytic environment, not on both https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-co-inertia-factorial-map-of-a-epiphytic-and-b-3i0gx9p5.png Fig. 5 Co-inertia factorial map of (a) epiphytic and (b) endophytic olive tree bacterial communities, presenting positive (filled square) and negative (open square) relationships with cultivars (Cobrançosa vs. Verdeal-Transmontana) and plant organs (leaves vs. twigs). The square size indicates the degree of relatedness between variables (host cultivar or plant organ) and bacterial community. Underlined genera are exclusive from each community https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-epiphytic-endophytic-and-whole-bacterial-bqzg2bat.png Fig. 1 Comparison of epiphytic, endophytic and whole bacterial communities between Cobrançosa and Verdeal Transmontana cultivars regarding their abundance (relative abundance per tree), richness (number of OTUs/tree) and alpha diversity (Simpson’s index). Box plots depict medians (central horizontal lines), the inter-quartile ranges (boxes), 95% confidence intervals (whiskers) and outliers (dots). Significant differences between pairs of values are showed over horizontal lines. (n.s. not significant) https://scispace.com/papers/epistemic-foundation-of-the-well-founded-semantics-over-511utnexzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-logic-four-1dtc9txn.png Fig. 1. The logic FOUR. https://scispace.com/papers/epistemic-beliefs-of-non-stem-majors-regarding-the-nature-of-26fu0hsodm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-description-of-ebaps-axes-2w30kirv.png Table I. Description of EBAPS axes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-baseline-pre-test-and-post-test-averages-a-n1-4-913-1fuv07cl.png Table II. Baseline pre-test and post-test averages,a n¼ 913. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-baseline-pre-test-and-post-test-averages-a-n1-4-354-396cyoje.png Table IV. Baseline pre-test and post-test averages,a n¼ 354 for females and n¼ 366 for males. https://scispace.com/papers/epitaxial-growth-and-magnetic-properties-of-fe-4-x-mn-x-n-4o1mjymta3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3dfunhwu.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1mmm1kf8.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1rya7ths.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2uc4d93m.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2n4j1me8.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-60lcvlt8.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-swqteozo.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/papers/epr-studies-of-the-isolated-negatively-charged-silicon-4mi9wfgwhd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-epr-spectrum-of-the-electron-irradiatedn-type-6h-37yooszt.png FIG. 7. The EPR spectrum of the electron-irradiatedn-type 6H-SiC taken with the magnetic field along the@0001# axis at room temperature. The microwave frequency, the microwave power, the amplitude of the 100-kHz field modulation were 9.424 GH 2 mW, and 0.01 mT, respectively. The lower spectrum is the panded spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-epr-spectrum-of-the-electron-irradiatedn-type-4h-6m6nf2e2.png FIG. 3. The EPR spectrum of the electron-irradiatedn-type 4H-SiC taken with the magnetic field direction (u575°, w590°) at room temperature. The microwave frequency, the microw power, and the amplitude of the 100-kHz field modulation we 9.457 GHz, 0.2mW, and 0.01 mT, respectively. The lower spe trum is the expanded spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-epr-spectrum-of-the-electron-irradiatedn-type-4h-29gn7uug.png FIG. 2. The EPR spectrum of the electron-irradiatedn-type 4H-SiC taken with the magnetic field along the@0001# axis at room temperature. The microwave frequency, the microwave power, the amplitude of the 100-kHz field modulation were 9.457 GH 0.2 mW, and 0.01 mT, respectively. The lower spectrum is the panded spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-hyperfine-and-orbital-parameters-ofvsi-2-3v3dd7zl.png TABLE III. Hyperfine and orbital parameters ofVSi 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-angular-dependence-of-the-line-positions-ofvsi-2-in-4h-2jqxdoj4.png FIG. 5. Angular dependence of the line positions ofVSi 2 in 4H-SiC. The crystal was rotated with the magnetic field in t (11̄00) plane. In the magnetic field direction (u, f590°), u50° https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-angular-dependence-of-the-line-positions-ofvsi-2-in-4h-2pfrrlxd.png FIG. 6. Angular dependence of the line positions ofVSi 2 in 4H-SiC. The crystal was rotated with the magnetic field in t (112̄0) plane. In the magnetic field direction (u, f50°), u50° https://scispace.com/papers/equality-reasoning-in-sequent-based-calculi-22jsxihfya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculus-lk-for-signed-formulas-3sula3p8.png Figure 2: Calculus LK = for signed formulas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-calculus-lk-for-formulas-in-negation-normal-form-pudixb4c.png Figure 6: Calculus LK = for formulas in negation normal form https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-18qinsp8.png Figure 4; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-calculus-lj-1uowp5ab.png Figure 12: Calculus LJ = https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-lk-derivation-using-tableaux-1kjuol0h.png Figure 5: An LK = -derivation using tableaux https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-matings-21ai5jim.png Figure 9: Matings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-free-variable-tableau-derivation-j4zautvt.png Figure 8: A free variable tableau derivation https://scispace.com/papers/equational-reasoning-about-programs-with-general-recursion-w4zhbh270u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-join-and-conversion-typing-rules-3mtbsmsu.png Figure 5. Join and Conversion Typing Rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-selected-value-judgment-rules-23ndk59y.png Figure 8. Selected Value Judgment Rules . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-induction-and-recursion-typing-rules-e1gkplp8.png Figure 6. Induction and Recursion Typing Rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-typing-rules-for-quantification-and-valax-c3l391y3.png Figure 7. Typing rules for quantification and valax https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-typing-for-case-in-proofs-specialized-to-nat-3dcbstwx.png Figure 9. Typing for Case in Proofs, Specialized to Nat https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-basic-judgment-forms-1vpvwjyv.png Figure 2. Basic judgment forms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-termination-cast-typing-and-reduction-rules-29ox0iwm.png Figure 10. Termination cast typing and reduction rules https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-generalizing-associativity-of-list-append-to-non-ii9y7hpt.png Figure 15. Generalizing associativity of list append to non-terminating arguments. https://scispace.com/papers/equilibration-and-circulation-of-red-sea-outflow-water-in-4l80uikmfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-trajectories-of-10-rafos-floats-released-at-700-dbar-3lpu6uch.png FIG. 10. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-charts-showing-locations-of-observations-collected-310vo5o4.png FIG. 2. Charts showing locations of observations collected during (a) winter and (b) summer REDSOX cruises in the Gulf of Aden. See legend for symbol definitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-same-as-fig-8-but-showing-maps-of-pressure-of-same-1s5qjd56.png FIG. 9. Same as Fig. 8 but showing maps of pressure of same potential density surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-frequency-distribution-for-potential-density-1zipx5kl.png FIG. 11. (a) Frequency distribution for potential density observed 30 m off the bottom in the NC during winter 1996 (up to yearday 160, see Fig. 7); (b) probability distribution for potential density based on (a). The potential density in the bottom of the Tadjura Rift during the winter REDSOX cruise, 27.62 , is indicated by a vertical line, as is the density that the outflow would need to have at the mooring site in order to be at least as dense as the rift bottom water when it reached the exit of the NC. See text for explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vertical-sections-of-salinity-color-shading-and-2d1zbxre.png FIG. 3. Vertical sections of salinity (color shading) and potential density (contours) for the lower part of the northern and southern channels (NC and SC) in the western Gulf of Aden, and extending across the Tadjura Rift: (a) winter NC, (b) winter SC, (c) summer NC, and (d) summer SC. Station numbers are indicated along top axes, and locations are plotted in inset charts. Location where outflow first equilibrates is indicated by circled station number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-continued-2arcnkd8.png FIG. 10. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-charts-showing-the-bathymetry-of-the-gulf-of-aden-at-3lwmwnhg.png FIG. 1. Charts showing the bathymetry of the Gulf of Aden at various scales. (a) Entire gulf, contour interval 500 m; (b) western gulf, contour interval 200 m; (c) outflow channels, contour interval 100 m. Contours are based on high-resolution, multibeam surveys of the rift and channel regions obtained by French scientists (Hébert et al. 2001), combined with Smith and Sandwell (1997) 2 gridded bathymetry for other regions of the GOA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-product-water-properties-of-rsow-during-redsox-eku4tsyh.png TABLE 1. Product water properties of RSOW during REDSOX. https://scispace.com/papers/equilibrium-configurations-for-epitaxially-strained-films-2z34ulz88z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-simplified-representation-of-nodes-in-gk-for-d-2-and-3kplaspc.png Fig. 2. A simplified representation of nodes in Gk , for d = 2 and with Σ = ∅. The set Gk\G∗k corresponds to the cubes containing only a small portion of ∂∗Ωh ∪ Σ , see first picture. For the cubes G∗k , the portion of ∂∗Ωh is contained in a set Fkz with small boundary, see second picture. Intuitively, this along with the fact that (6.33) does not hold means that ∂∗Ωh is highly oscillatory in such cubes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-picture-of-the-situation-in-the-argument-by-1nxoyrf4.png Fig. 1. A picture of the situation in the argument by contradiction. We show that in fact G∞ = ∅ https://scispace.com/papers/equilibrium-cross-section-of-river-channels-with-cohesive-4kjf94ngd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-bankfull-shields-number-b-is-plotted-versus-3bdu7vo2.png Figure 5. (a) The bankfull Shields number, #∗b! , is plotted versus the particle Reynolds number Rp = (ΔgD 3)0.5∕+ (with Δ the immersed relative density and g gravity constant). The black vertical lines represent the limits between silt and sand fractions (D = 0.0625 mm) and between sand and gravel fractions (D = 2 mm). The solid line denotes the empirical threshold for incipient sediment motion derived by Shields (1936), while the dashed line represents the relation by Ackers and White (1973). The point-dashed line denotes the condition for incipient suspended load proposed by Bagnold (1966). (b) The Froude number, Fr, is plotted versus the channel slope, S. (c) Relationship between the bankfull channel width, Bb! , and flow depth, Hb! , both scaled by the mean grain size, D50. Data are those extracted from the database reported in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-definition-sketch-and-notation-a-cross-section-201h63em.png Figure 2. Definition sketch and notation. (a) Cross-section schematic: The labels denote the central region (O), the upper (UT), and the lower triangle (LT) near to the banks; (b) top view of a river reach with a regular sequence of equivalent Gaussian bumps along the banks. The relevant parameters controlling the in-channel flow are the bankfull flow discharge Qb! , the longitudinal mean slope S, the median grain size of the channel bed D50, and the critical shear stress for bank sediment erosion #c. https://scispace.com/papers/equilibrium-phases-of-charged-colloids-49xzxxfmn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-f-i-n-i-t-e-po-lyba-l-l-s-i-z-e-c-o-r-r-e-c-t-i-o-27che1by.png Fig. 4. The f i n i t e po lyba l l s i z e c o r r e c t i o n Z / Z = e K a / ( l + ~ a ) along t h e upper mel t ing curve i n Fig. 2 f~ = .0030) f o r https://scispace.com/papers/equilibrium-point-control-cannot-be-refuted-by-experimental-dwcxt49c9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-the-musculoskeletal-model-of-the-371lmdt5.png FIG. 1. Schematic drawing of the musculoskeletal model of the arm. The model consisted of three rigid segments interconnected by 2 hinges, actuated by 4 Hill-type muscles. e elbow angle and s shoulder angle. The model was constrained to move only in the elbow joint and in the horizontal plane. The upper arm and shoulder angle were incorporated because the forearm was actuated by both mono- and biarticular muscles, with the lengths of the biarticular muscles depending on both shoulder and elbow joint angle. In the simulations, the upper arm was prevented from moving by setting its initial angular velocity to 0 and by adding an external moment on the upper arm such that the angular acceleration of the upper arm was 0 at all times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimentally-observed-responses-of-the-elbow-angle-2qdr7tff.png FIG. 4. Experimentally observed responses of the elbow angle to moment perturbations (Popescu et al. 2003, reprinted with permission from Experimental Brain Research) and responses of our model with stiffness Kilf set to 10 Nm rad 1 (thick gray lines). The half quasi-sinusoidal traces starting at perturbation onset (t 0) are the moment perturbations that were imposed by Popescu et al. and the thin black lines are the elbow angle responses they measured. To be ignored from the results of Popescu et al. are the dotted lines, presenting inertial responses. Note that the moment perturbations in the study by Popescu et al. were intended to be square waves, whereas those in the simulations were actual square waves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-equilibrium-point-ep-trajectories-reconstructed-26s8zsk3.png FIG. 5. A: equilibrium point (EP) trajectories reconstructed using the KBI-approach proposed by Gomi and Kawato (1996, 1997) (see Eq. 4) and EP trajectories reconstructed with damping relative to the reference velocity (see Eq. 7). Also depicted are the true EP trajectory that served as input for the model and the resulting unperturbed elbow angle trajectory when the stiffness was set to 16 Nm rad 1. B: EP trajectories reconstructed using multiples (1, 2, and 10) of the estimated stiffness. https://scispace.com/papers/equity-in-pharmaceutical-utilization-in-ontario-a-cross-2irwskbrt6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-concentration-index-for-observed-drug-utilization-2hokdmt4.png Table 5, Concentration index for observed drug utilization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-drugs-used-by-income-quartile-35zdbwa0.png Figure 1. Number of drugs used,by income quartile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contribution-to-concentration-indices-29jbuv6u.png Figure 3. Contribution to concentration indices https://scispace.com/papers/equity-premium-prediction-the-role-of-economic-and-3r8bw4o5f3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equity-premium-prediction-out-of-sample-slope-3sopzx66.png Figure 3. Equity Premium Prediction – out-of-sample slope estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-equity-premium-prediction-individual-predictors-1vckprx9.png Figure 2. Equity Premium Prediction – individual predictors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equity-premium-prediction-multiple-predictors-fgnmweiu.png Figure 1. Equity Premium Prediction – multiple predictors https://scispace.com/papers/ergebnisse-anatomischer-untersuchungen-an-standfuss-schen-46jeec9p5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ist-asymmetrisch-gebaut-und-zwar-derart-dass-das-h5760fl9.png Fig. 4) ist asymmetrisch gebaut und zwar derart, daß das Tegmen an der linken Seite weit herunter ragt und einen eigenartigen Anhang besitzt. Der Uncus wie auch das Scaphium erscheinen an dieser Stelle abgeflacht. Die Spitze des Uncus ist lang und besitzt nicht jene eleganten Kurven, die beim normalen Uncus vorkommen. Die linke Valve ist ganz normal. An der rechten Seite befinden sich dagegen zwei Valven (cfr. Taf. 2, Fig. 11), wovon die ventralwärts gelegene anscheinend normal ist. Zwischen ihr und dem Penisdeckel ist eine überzählige Valve von viel geringerer Größe eingeschoben. Der vorher erwähnte Anhang des Tegmens stellt wahrscheinlich eine ähnliche zweite Valve der linken Seite dar, die in ihrer Entwicklung zurückgeblieben ist. Die Oeffnung der Penishülse ist nach außen stark asymmetrisch; dies ist ihre einzige Abnormität. Die Raphe ist normal. https://scispace.com/papers/equivalence-of-decoupling-schemes-and-orthogonal-arrays-2rxrnfq9qi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-decoupling-scheme-for-a-system-of-three-qubits-which-brazv420.png Fig. 1. A decoupling scheme for a system of three qubits which is not regular, i.e., the time slots cannot be rearranged into a form where all time slots have the same length. In this picture the time progresses from left to right and each row corresponds to one of the qubits. The transformations applied to the individual qubits correspond to the Pauli matrices as follows: 1 = 1 ; 2 = ; 3 = , and 4 = . The time-slots indicated in the figure have four different basic lengths https://scispace.com/papers/ergonomic-field-assessment-of-bucking-bars-during-riveting-3afhounvpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-accelerometer-attached-to-the-bucking-bar-during-3dvz4rqf.png Figure 2. Accelerometer attached to the bucking bar during the experimental task. https://scispace.com/papers/erratum-evidence-for-a-phenomenological-supersymmetry-in-3w2qg6ofpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-energy-differences-in-units-of-10-cm-between-1hxm1xx7.png TABLE II. Energy differences (in units of 10 cm ') between selected levels of the singly ionized Group-2A atoms (Ref. 6). The best agreements with the Hen levels are underlined and are those that one would expect from the discussion in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-energy-differences-in-units-of-10-cm-between-2vuu2lkd.png TABLE I. Energy differences (in units of 10' cm ') between selected levels of the alkali-metal atoms (Ref. 6). The best agreements with the H levels are underlined and are those that one would expect from the discussion in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/erratum-streamer-and-surface-charge-dynamics-in-non-uniform-3xk8rszafj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-surface-charging-by-photons-solid-lines-is-dominant-3e9jzxay.png Figure 6 Surface charging by photons (solid lines) is dominant at the streamer head when γ = 0.1, but charging by ion drift (dotted lines) dominates in the rest of the streamer channel. Small vertical arrow indicates streamer head position, which is at 10 mm from the barrier center. γ = 0.1: t = 8.7 ns, green lines. γ = 10-6: t = 9.9 ns, orange lines. Geometry G1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-electric-field-strength-along-streamer-propagation-1t7pohtu.png Figure 7 Electric field strength along streamer propagation path for geometry G2, U = 35 kV: a) t = 0 ns (background field), b) t = 0.3 ns (streamer initiated from the blade tip, propagating towards the barrier), c) t=7 ns (streamer propagation along barrier) d) t = 16 ns, e) t = 59 ns, f) t = 80 ns (streamer at the barrier edge) g) electric field after removing the space charge and restarting the simulation at 80 ns (the surface charge is shielding the blade tip, see section 4.5), The field is only plotted in regions where |E| ≥ 2.6 kV/mm. Maximum field strength indicated in each plot. The maximum field strength in air is located at the streamer head. Note: As the streamer propagates along and charges the barrier, the electric field strength in air behind the streamer head is reduced below the ionization threshold in air Ecr = 2.6 kV/mm (except in the 20-40 µm thin high-field region between the streamer and the surface discussed in section 4.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-streamer-distance-vs-time-geometry-g2-the-35-kv-36cfah1l.png Figure 8 Streamer distance vs time, geometry G2. The 35 kV streamer reaches the barrier edge, but the 14 kV simulation was not run for long enough, and slows down significantly, in support of the stability field concept (equation (8)). Dotted lines indicate propagation in the air gap, solid lines along the barrier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-potential-drop-along-the-surface-streamer-surface-3ps5avbe.png Figure 9 Potential drop along the surface streamer. Surface potential Φs on the dielectric surface, normalized to electrode potential U . Elapsed time in ns indicated on each curve. Streamer head position indicated with arrows. Upper plot 35 kV, lower plot 14 kV. Geometry G2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-surface-potential-measurements-on-rod-barrier-plane-n6lfrcwx.png Figure 1 Surface potential measurements on rod-barrier-plane gaps stressed with 35 kV 1.2/50 µs LI [1]. The measured potentials (grey solid lines) are partly close to the predicted saturation (black dashed line based on equations (6)-(8)). The characteristic volcano shape can be explained by back discharges at the LI tail. They can be computed according to [1] by removing a part of the accumulated charge and equalizing the normal electric field (blue dotted line). 2 mm rod radius, tip 10 mm above ground. 5 mm thick polycarbonate barrier resting on the ground plane. 5 independent measurements, surface cleaned and discharged between experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-grounding-the-blade-electrode-after-removing-the-2uzw459r.png Figure 10 Grounding the blade electrode after removing the space charge (but keeping surface charge) results in negative streamer inception from the blade tip, which changes the surface charge density σ (upper plot) and surface potential Φs (lower plot). The resulting characteristic volcano-shaped surface potential is qualitatively consistent with experiments (see Figure 1). Geometry G2,14 kV. Grounding t = 61.2 ns after simulation start. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-parameters-see-also-figure-2-rpo5iu59.png Table 1. Simulation parameters. See also Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-surface-charge-density-distribution-s-dotted-and-2ns09o85.png Figure 3 Surface charge density distribution σ (dotted and dashed lines) evolves toward saturation charge σsat (solid lines) on the dielectric surface. Numerals indicate elapsed simulation time in ns. a) Geometry G1, photoemission increases surface charging rate b) Geometry G2, effect of applied voltage level. Small vertical arrows indicate the optical streamer head position in G2. The simulations in G2 were stopped due to excessive computation time before the streamer reached the edge of the dielectric barrier. The reason is that the streamer slows down in the low-field regions (especially for the 14 kV case). This requires much more time steps that remain small (below 1 ps) and consequently the simulation needs up to a few days on a computer cluster. https://scispace.com/papers/error-boundedness-of-discontinuous-galerkin-spectral-element-4jm2az235m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-error-behavior-as-a-function-of-time-for-n-4-k-50-3parfi0i.png Fig. 1 Error behavior as a function of time for N = 4, K = 50. Right: Closeup of the early time behavior. The dashed horizontal lines mark the mean time-asymptotic value of the error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eigenvalues-of-the-spatial-operator-with-the-central-2uhyemth.png Fig. 2 Eigenvalues of the spatial operator with the central flux (Left) and the upwind flux (Right) for N = 4, K = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contours-of-p-for-the-plane-wave-solution-of-the-24hpli7d.png Fig. 6 Contours of p for the plane wave solution of the symmetric wave equation for N = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-history-of-the-error-for-the-two-dimensional-wave-13s0u2cw.png Fig. 7 Time history of the error for the two dimensional wave propagation problem. The dashed horizontal guidelines mark the limits of the time asymptotic states. Arrows mark the approximate times where the time asymptotic state is reached. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-convergence-of-the-time-asymptotic-error-for-the-3fnw4qdi.png Fig. 4 Convergence of the time asymptotic error for the upwind flux as a function of N for K = 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-circular-mesh-with-a-hole-showing-internal-degrees-of-3pjmpi24.png Fig. 5 Circular mesh with a hole showing internal degrees of freedom for N = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-error-behavior-as-a-function-of-time-for-n-7-k-50-left-3380nmxg.png Fig. 3 Error behavior as a function of time for N = 7, K = 50 (Left) and N = 4,K = 80 (Right). https://scispace.com/papers/error-probability-analysis-and-power-allocation-for-3xaqiz6l4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-power-efficiency-versus-number-of-bs-antennas-n-for-2bm8muqw.png Figure 8: Power Efficiency versus number of BS antennas, N , for different values of the transmission power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-constructive-interference-in-qpsk-where-the-2kbz4ibw.png Figure 1: Constructive interference in QPSK, where the constructive regions are denoted by the green areas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sep-versus-transmit-snr-with-different-power-c9kfiex0.png Figure 6: SEP versus transmit SNR with different power allocation schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-throughput-versus-transmit-snr-et-for-various-input-llmshwua.png Figure 7: Throughput versus transmit SNR, ηt, for various input types, when N = 100, Q = 5, and N = K = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cdf-of-the-received-snr-for-different-values-of-3su3mwnm.png Figure 2: The CDF of the received SNR for different values of the transmit SNR, ηt , number of users K , number of BS antennas N and u. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sep-versus-transmit-snr-for-various-input-types-3b9n0738.png Figure 4: SEP versus transmit SNR for various input types, when N = 4, 6 and K = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sep-versus-transmit-snr-for-various-input-types-3m38j9rk.png Figure 5: SEP versus transmit SNR for various input types, when N = 6, 8 and K = 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-received-snr-versus-transmit-snr-et-for-27vc5jto.png Figure 3: Average received SNR versus transmit SNR, ηt, for different values of N and K . https://scispace.com/papers/error-sources-and-guidelines-for-quality-assessment-of-3iajaixhvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-overview-of-the-measures-to-determine-accuracy-and-df4goyl9.png Table 5: Overview of the measures to determine accuracy and precision of glacier elevation changes 636 from altimetry (ALT)). The level refers to section 4.3. All mean values and standard deviations (STD) 637 are expressed in absolute units. 638 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-elevation-differences-on-stable-8ora5i52.png Fig. 5: Illustration of elevation differences on stable terrain and glaciers between a) 1990 and 2007 975 and b) 2007 and 2010 for Kronebreen in Svalbard (see red square on the inset for location). c) 976 Elevation difference histograms for stable terrain and glacier ice. d) Elevation change centreline 977 profiles along Kronebreen for both epochs, revealing higher loss rates near the terminus in the more 978 recent period. 979 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overview-of-the-measures-to-determine-accuracy-and-33afbl75.png Table 3: Overview of the measures to determine accuracy and precision of glacier outlines (GO). The 369 level refers to section 3.3. GO-4 is only listed for completeness but it is not a measure of accuracy. 370 All differences and standard deviations should be calculated in relation to the total area. 371 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-two-false-colour-landsat-images-path-row-147-031-1auyge6p.png Fig. 1: The two false colour Landsat images (path-row: 147-031) in the top row cover the region 175 around North and South Inylcheck Glacier in the central Tien Shan (see blue square in inset map for 176 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-overview-of-the-measures-to-determine-accuracy-and-3j2wecuk.png Table 6: Overview of the measures to determine accuracy and precision of glacier elevation changes 891 from DEM differencing (DEM). The level refers to section 5.3. All mean values and standard 892 deviations (STD) are expressed in absolute units. 893 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-satellite-derived-glacier-products-ec-alt-dem-3sae6xvz.png Table 1: Satellite-derived glacier products (EC-ALT/DEM: elevation change from altimetry / DEM 63 differencing), typical freely available sensors or datasets, auxiliary datasets (GO: glacier outlines, 64 DEM: digital elevation model) and their purpose, processing methods and output format. 65 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-region-around-baspa-glacier-at-the-headwater-of-1r11c8a6.png Fig. 2: The region around Baspa Glacier at the headwater of the Baspa river basin (see blue square 193 in inset map for location) as seen on two false colour Landsat images (path-row: 146-038) acquired 194 on a) 20. Aug. 2014 and b) 10. Sep. 2016. Although a) looks usable for glacier mapping at first sight, 195 it suffers from abundant seasonal snow (circle) and avalanche cones hiding glacier parameters. In b) 196 snow outside of glaciers has largely disappeared and glacier mapping is much more easy. However, 197 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-initial-problems-resulting-issues-for-36k9g9j3.png Table 2: Overview of initial problems, resulting issues for post-processing, methods of editing and 100 some internal accuracy measures for the four products. 101 https://scispace.com/papers/escherichia-coli-metabolism-under-short-term-repetitive-1v04wrwllu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-steady-state-and-average-feast-famine-biomass-7vn029l9.png Table 1 Steady-state and average feast–famine biomass specific rates with their associated standard deviations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-intracellular-concentrations-mmol-gcdw-of-tca-2ig18m37.png Fig. 5 Intracellular concentrations (μmol/gCDW) of TCA metabolites (a-ketoglutarate, malate and fumarate), over a feast–famine cycle(s). Black horizontal dashed lines represent the average steady-state levels. Green vertical dashed lines show the end of the feeding (20 s). The pink area represents the substrate feast phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-feast-famine-setup-lhgzz70p.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the feast–famine setup used in this work. The medium, containing glucose as a substrate, was fed block-wise (20 s on, 380 s off ) through a head-plate port. A constant volume was maintained by weight control. Successive cycles run for about 200 h in total https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-intracellular-concentrations-mmol-gcdw-of-nucleotides-1iaykrk5.png Fig. 6 Intracellular concentrations (μmol/gCDW) of nucleotides, as well as the adenylate energy charge (AEC), over a feast–famine cycle(s). Black horizontal dashed lines represent the average steady-state levels. Green vertical dashed lines show the end of the feeding (20 s). The pink area represents the substrate feast phase https://scispace.com/papers/escape-rate-of-active-particles-in-the-effective-equilibrium-5dgpy2xdzb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-escape-rate-in-units-of-bdt-for-different-values-of-1uujqst0.png FIG. 3. Escape rate in units of βDt for different values of the curvature ω0 of the bare potential Eq. (8) with (a) α = ω0/10 chosen thus that the barrier is always located at a fixed xb,0 and its height βE0 increases with ω0, and (b) α = √ ω30/35 such that xb,0 moves toward the origin with increasing ω0, while maintaining a constant barrier height. The data in (a) are plotted on a logarithmic scale and in (b) on linear scale to highlight the exponential and almost linear behavior of the escape rate as a function of ω0, respectively. The parameters are set to τ = 0.02 and Da = 2/3. The dashed black line indicates a linearly increasing ract with a slope m = βDt exp [−βE0/(1 +Da)]/(2π ) [Eq. (21)]. For such small values of ract, statistical fluctuations in the numerically measured escape rate (squares) make it difficult to ascertain the functional dependence of ract on ω0. It appears that ract becomes slightly nonlinear with increasing ω0 as it gets closer to the solid black line, which corresponds to Eq. (20). Nevertheless, the approximately linear dependence of ract on ω0 is clearly evident. The inset of (b) is a plot of the escape rate in Eq. (20) for different values of Da for fixed βE0. In the direction of the arrow Da is 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6. ract is normalized with respect to the slope m to highlight the nonlinearity with increasing ω0. The dash-dotted line of unit slope corresponds to the exactly linear variation of ract with ω0 in the limit of Da = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bare-potential-eq-8-and-analytic-effective-potential-v-2ec8ifim.png FIG. 1. Bare potential, Eq. (8), and analytic effective potential V eff (x), Eq. (9), for different values of Da (see legend). For the given parameters ω0 = 10, α = 1, τ = 0.02, and Dt = 1, these results are indistinguishable from the numeric solution of Eq. (6). We denote by xa = 0 the local minimum of the potential from where particles escape over the barrier at xb to the sink located at arbitrary xc. For numerical treatment xc will be obtained as the solution of βV eff (x) = −20. The orange vertical arrow indicates the decreasing potential barrier with increasing activity. The change in the curvature of the energy landscape is clearly evident. We use the curvature at xb,0 = ω0/(3α) to approximate the curvature at the (effective) maximum, which shifts slightly toward larger values of x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-escape-rate-of-active-particles-as-a-function-of-the-3s2zvn2h.png FIG. 2. Escape rate of active particles as a function of the active diffusivity Da. Escape rate of active particles is expressed in units of the escape rate of passive particles over the barrier of the bare potential. The rate of escape is calculated for three different values of τ (see legend). The curvature of the bare potential at xa is fixed to ω0 = 10 and the nonlinear parameter is α = 1. The escape rate ract increases by several orders of magnitude with increasing Da. The circles represent the rate calculated within the effective equilibrium approach and is obtained by numerically solving Eq. (17). The squares correspond to the rate obtained by simulating the colored-noise Langevin Eq. (2). The solid black lines correspond to the analytic predictions of Eq. (20) using the effective potential in the Kramers approach. The excellent agreement between the predictions of Eq. (20) with the numerically obtained rate from Eq. (17) indicates the high-accuracy of the Kramers analytical approach used in calculation of Eq. (20). The escape rate calculated using the colored-noise Langevin equation [Eq. (2)] starts deviating from the prediction of Eq. (20) for large Da. https://scispace.com/papers/estimate-of-undulator-magnet-damage-due-to-beam-finder-wire-4xxh3w8sna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neutron-per-day-per-cm2-that-are-absorbed-in-the-rvst7st8.png Figure 1: Neutron per day per cm2 that are absorbed in the maximally exposed magnet for an constant incident beam of 9.16× 1011 electrons per second on a 100 µm diamond foil. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-various-conditions-that-would-cause-0-01-damage-to-301hwjk3.png Table 2: Various conditions that would cause 0.01% damage to the undulator, as a function of the BFW wire diameter, step size and charge per shot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-from-alderman-et-al-showing-demagnetization-hjhjj92a.png Table 1: Results from Alderman et. al showing demagnetization caused by fast neutron irradiation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hadron-and-total-dose-both-maximum-and-averaged-uhul9bop.png Figure 2: Hadron and total dose, both maximum and averaged over the magnet blocks, are plotted as a function of the distance along the undulator. The undulator is actually 131 m long but memory limitations curtailed the model. Nevertheless, the dose maximum is reached before the end of the undulator. https://scispace.com/papers/establishing-excellence-where-do-we-go-from-here-1quwv0e8mx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-1-some-observations-about-excellence-232ebi6k.png Fig. 9.1 Some observations about ‘excellence’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2-applying-epas-to-demonstrate-excellence-in-heis-3blw6fyq.png Table 9.2 Applying EPAS to demonstrate excellence in HEIs https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-agricultural-sustainability-in-gujarat-using-23k696q8sv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-values-of-sustainable-livelihood-security-index-1fdtyafr.png Table 3. The values of Sustainable Livelihood Security Index for districts of Gujarat during TE 2013-14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-values-of-sustainable-livelihood-security-index-3olhkd9s.png Table 2. The values of Sustainable Livelihood Security Index for districts of Gujarat during the year 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-values-of-sustainable-livelihood-security-index-3ca0szyo.png Table 1. The values of Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) for districts of Gujarat in 2001 https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-body-fixed-frame-velocity-and-attitude-from-exapyki5r9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-observer-scheme-27vsi8jm.png Fig. 2. Observer scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-momentum-theory-control-volume-and-rotor-hub-showing-i75drsa8.png Fig. 1. Momentum Theory control volume and rotor hub showing the various powers for one of the rotors. In the control volume, we have the axis definition for {B} which may not always align with the rotor tip path plane. Vc = −Vz is the climb velocity described in the helicopter literature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-attitude-error-and-scaling-factor-we-can-see-that-the-1c4auwvb.png Fig. 4. Attitude error and scaling factor. We can see that the norm of the attitude error between estimated (R̂⊤e⃗3) and true (R⊤e⃗3) converges to zero in less than 0.5s which implies R̂⊤e⃗3 → R⊤e⃗3. This performance is further reaffirmed by Ue⃗3 → 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-the-simulated-v-b-with-v-being-the-true-1oowzn0j.png Fig. 3. Results of the simulated V ∈ {B}. With V being the true velocity, we can see that despite the 200% noise in accelerometer measurements that is reflected in V̄ determined algebraically as in Section III, the estimated velocities V̂ track quite well the true velocity V . This is indicated by the small difference ϵ between estimated V̂ and true V . https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-ethnic-preferences-using-ethnic-housing-quotas-in-dldmt7zh6j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-neighborhood-and-block-level-ethnic-quotas-3337bu14.png TABLE 1: NEIGHBORHOOD AND BLOCK LEVEL ETHNIC QUOTAS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-quotas-and-the-ethnicity-of-mbmpa15v.png TABLE 2: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUOTAS AND THE ETHNICITY OF BUYERS AND SELLERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-2wan4wfu.png TABLE 3: SUMMARY STATISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-testing-for-discontinuity-in-the-probability-that-the-3ljxopo0.png FIG. 3. Testing for discontinuity in the probability that the quota binds. Each panel in this figure is constructed by regressing Qbt (a dummy for whether the quota is binding for block b in month t) on a dummy that is 1 when the ethnic proportions are above the block quota cutoff and 4th order polynomials of ethnic proportions, centered around the quota cutoffs, then plotting the predicted probabilities. Repeat the exercise for the Malay quotas and Indian quotas. The dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals. Standard errors clustered at the block level. The coefficient estimates are 23%, 12% and 10% for Chinese, Malay and Indian quotas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-of-actual-quota-probabilities-on-1juxhsmw.png TABLE 7: REGRESSION OF ACTUAL QUOTA PROBABILITIES ON ESTIMATED QUOTA PROBABILITIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-map-of-170-neighborhoods-in-2005-comprising-6x7rpn2q.png FIG. 4a.– Map of 170 neighborhoods in 2005 comprising unconstrained neighborhoods, Chinese-, Malay- and Indian-constrained neighborhoods. The line indicates the eastern tip of the early Malay settlements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-identification-strategy-ua21ava5.png TABLE 6: SUMMARY OF IDENTIFICATION STRATEGY https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-on-observed-prices-controlling-for-ethnic-2fnyrbq9.png TABLE 5: EFFECTS ON OBSERVED PRICES, CONTROLLING FOR ETHNIC BUYER WEIGHTS https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-drivable-collision-free-space-from-monocular-5bsbaloyte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-row-an-image-captured-from-the-front-of-a-car-132hyou9.png Figure 1. (Top row) An image captured from the front of a car while driving on a road. The red curve shows the ground truth free space where the car can move without colliding with other cars and obstacles. The yellow curve shows the free space estimated using our algorithm. The blue marked region is the ground truth road classification. The numbers indicate the 3D distance from the camera to the obstacle estimated by our approach. (Bottom row) An image captured from a boat. The single yellow curve represents the free space where our result and the ground truth coincide visually. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-drivable-free-space-estimation-result-on-kitti-mcmpw320.png Table 1. Drivable free space estimation result on KITTI benchmark dataset [16]. We denote edges, appearance, homography, and smoothness using E, A, H, and S, respectively. Out of the 289 video sequences, we left out four sequences due to problems in ground truth. Here we randomly selected 100 images for training and 100 for testing and 85 for validation. The numbers above are on test images. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-with-water-classification-methods-399dgelz.png Table 4. Comparison with water classification methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-drivable-free-space-estimation-result-for-boat-u11mt760.png Table 2. Drivable free space estimation result for boat dataset. We denote edges, appearance, homography, and smoothness using E, A, H, and S, respectively. We randomly select 100 frames for training and 100 for testing from a video. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-for-different-values-of-c-the-coefficient-of-31c48a8h.png Table 3. For different values of C, the coefficient of regularization used in the structured SVM, we evaluate our algorithm on the boat dataset with all features. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-with-monocular-road-detection-methods-3njflhzt.png Table 5. Comparison with monocular road detection methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-red-curve-is-the-result-from-our-model-when-the-dltrrady.png Figure 5. The red curve is the result from our model. When the parameters of the camera are known, we can estimate the distance from the obstacle to the camera (yellow text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-first-row-shows-top-scoring-results-from-the-38lzav73.png Figure 8. The first row shows top scoring results from the boat sequence, while the second row shows low scoring results. The red curve is our result and the yellow one is the ground truth. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-resemblance-of-midi-documents-3egwo394hx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-resemblance-computations-1dpx8jl2.png Table 1. Sample resemblance computations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-frequency-of-resemblance-scores-from-our-26xhdhcv.png Fig. 3. Relative frequency of resemblance scores from our corpus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-similarity-scores-from-a-cluster-1u8gersw.png Table 3. Similarity scores from a cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-excerpt-from-j-s-bachs-jesu-joy-of-mans-desiring-197idgku.png Fig. 1. Excerpt from J.S. Bach’s “Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring” https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contents-of-some-representative-clusters-2t79nznk.png Table 2. Contents of some representative clusters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percent-of-note-events-altered-vs-estimated-1zuqm3yt.png Fig. 2. Percent of note events altered vs. estimated resemblance https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-merchantable-tree-volume-in-oregon-and-washington-34h423osbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-statistics3-and-coefficients-3-for-max-2nj3rzyi.png Table 1.— Regression statistics3 and coefficients'3 for Max and Burkhart (1976) inside bark stem profile models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-second-stage-models-for-dob-equation-5-and-a-summary-30jd29xi.png Table 3 —Second-stage models for dob (equation [5]) and a summary of errors 3 in predicting upper stem outside bark diameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatterplots-of-stem-profile-curves-represent-3a3hpbc1.png Figure 1.—Scatterplots of stem profile. Curves represent fitted Max and Burkhart model. Vertical lines represent join points (a 1 and a 2 ). Note that variance about the regression predictions is approximately homogeneous, at least within segments that are bounded by join points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scatterplots-of-empirical-first-derivative-tyz3pz6o.png Figure 2.—Scatterplots of empirical first derivative (Czaplewski 1989) for change in stem diameter relative to height. These plots show changes in the rate of stem taper that correspond to join points (a 1 and a 2) in the Max and Burkhart model. Estimated join points are indicated by vertical lines. These estimates were used in table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatterplot-of-ratio-between-diameter-outside-bark-2gzvvefr.png Figure 4.—Scatterplot of ratio between diameter outside bark (dob) and the unbiased prediction of diameter inside bark (cL). Curves are fitted models, retransformed from the linear regression models that use log[(d ob/d2) - 1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scatterplots-of-transformed-variable-i-e-log-dob-d2-2ycejjlw.png Figure 5.—Scatterplots of transformed variable, i.e., log (dob/d2 - 1), used to fit model for diameter outside bark, given an unbiased prediction of diameter inside bark. Fitted regression line is also portrayed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-of-average-percentage-differences-in-13vk7o57.png Table 7.—Comparison of average percentage differences in merchantable board foot volume estimates for the Max and Burkhart and second-stage models, and the Behre model, using independent validation data. Negative values indicate overestimates of volume. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-max-and-burkhart-and-behre-d-ib-1q7kmc6h.png Table 6.—Comparison of Max and Burkhart and Behre d ib estimates with validation data. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-benefits-of-regionalizing-emergency-medical-4pa180566y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emergency-and-transfer-call-sample-characteristics-1x4an51v.png Table 1. Emergency and Transfer Call Sample Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-emergency-and-transfer-call-estimation-results-1f99ecj3.png Table 2. Emergency and Transfer Call Estimation Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-spatial-distribution-of-ems-resources-under-3c05tpfj.png Figure 1. The Spatial Distribution of EMS Resources Under 1985 Emergency Only Demand Conditions https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-environmental-benefits-of-ride-sharing-a-case-4arqy7ojvr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distance-travelled-and-time-taken-2pr9a5wm.png Table 2 Distance travelled and time taken https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mode-split-1eg6317l.png Table 1 Mode split https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-copert4-results-base-scenarios-3f1djyy5.png Table 4 COPERT4 Results - Base scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logistic-regression-results-25sg0rgk.png Table 3 Logistic regression results https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-mean-of-a-small-sample-under-the-two-2ho6t20pco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-lognormal-pdf-with-mean-g-1-and-lognormal-variance-3izkg3ij.png Fig. 1 The lognormal PDF with mean γ = 1 and lognormal variance term σ2 = 3, which is written in terms of LN(µ,σ2) as LN(−1.5,3), with γ = exp(µ + σ22 ). This is used for the illustrations in Sections 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-ranges-for-the-mean-up-to-one-sided-95-percent-limits-2rixu4b3.png Fig. 13 Ranges for the mean up to one sided 95 percent limits for the employees data (with n = 2), by three methods. The distribution (15) is also shown, with the vertical dotted line representing δ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-g-g-s2-for-ln-1-53-with-n-2-histograms-of-one-million-9wvmgy67.png Fig. 3 g(γ̂|σ̂2) for LN(−1.5,3) with n = 2. Histograms of one million sample estimates. The analytic curves (12) are included as solid lines. a) σ̂2 = 2.25; b) σ̂2 = 3; c) σ̂2 = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-g-d-s2-for-the-arithmetic-mean-on-data-from-ln-1-53-2hctqpu7.png Fig. 6 g(δ̂ |σ2) for the arithmetic mean on data from LN(−1.5,3) with n = 2. Histogram of one million sample estimates. The analytic curve (15) is included as a solid line. The dashed line shows the approximate analytic density LN(log(γ0)− σ 2 n , σ2 n ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-g-s2-for-ln-1-53-with-n-2-histogram-of-one-million-3t60yxsi.png Fig. 2 g(σ̂2) for LN(−1.5,3) with n = 2. Histogram of one million sample estimates of σ̂2. The analytic curve (11) is included as a solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-the-use-of-ted-by-equation-2-from-8-2zb5rn0h.png Table 1 Examples of the use of TED by equation (2) (from [8]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-g-g-s2-for-the-model-for-numbers-of-employees-a-n-2-b-3q60jiy2.png Fig. 11 g(γ̂, σ̂2) for the model for numbers of employees. a):- n = 2; b):- n = 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-frequency-distribution-of-numbers-of-employees-2yydmd7p.png Fig. 10 The frequency distribution of numbers of employees per applicant for patents from survey data [14]. Note that this representation gives equal weight to the grouped classes and is not arithmetic. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-final-epidemic-size-for-covid-19-outbreak-3o20tv6ypy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-final-epidemic-size-22lm4rj8.png Table 3: Final epidemic size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-prediction-for-the-us-2pcibqou.png Figure 6: Prediction for the US. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-confirmed-covid-19-cases-across-the-world-te35nyl2.png Figure 1: Confirmed COVID-19 cases across the world. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-prediction-for-italy-note-the-decline-in-the-1iyq3z0r.png Figure 5: Prediction for Italy. Note the decline in the infection is much faster in the predicted curves from logistic, SIR, SEIQRDP models compared to actual cases. Corrected predictions with SEIQRDP(C) brings the predictions closer to actual values and gives the upper limit of estimated total cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-prediction-for-countries-most-affected-by-epidemic-1susyxoa.png Figure 9: Prediction for countries most affected by Epidemic, and India. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-spread-in-different-countries-2htlox7v.png Table 1: Characteristics of spread in different countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-confirmed-covid-19-cases-in-most-affected-countries-35nzycaa.png Figure 2: Confirmed COVID-19 cases in most affected countries and India. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-prediction-with-all-the-models-for-some-key-states-1phrn9pb.png Figure 8: Prediction with all the models for some key states in the US. 13 https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-risk-of-a-crop-epidemic-from-coincident-cl1ukn00qa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-north-dakota-elevated-risk-region-prolonged-2ri2i5ve.png Figure 3: North Dakota elevated risk region •=prolonged elevated risk, =no prolonged elevated risk) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-north-dakota-flowering-dates-2005-n-july-6-july-6-2eke10u6.png Figure 2: North Dakota flowering dates, 2005: N: <July 6, : July 6 to July 12, •:July 13 to July 18, : after July 20. Left: flowering survey data, Right: kriged map (means from posterior predictive distribution) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-posterior-epidemic-probabilities-with-p-s-t-weather-2iuhm9xl.png Table 1: Posterior Epidemic Probabilities with p(s, t)=weather based, δ̂(s, t)=estimated flowering probability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-north-dakota-raw-and-adjusted-risk-maps-july-9-10-152tebvf.png Figure 1: North Dakota raw and adjusted risk maps, July 9-10, 2005, •=high risk,N=medium risk, =no risk), Left column:Raw risk maps, Right column: Adjusted risk maps https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-water-requirements-of-high-yielding-and-young-lf4c1v96dq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-two-major-apple-producing-regions-in-the-2s7k9fm9.png Fig. 1 Map of the two major apple producing regions in the Western Cape Province of South Africa namely the Koue Bokkeveld (KBV, insert a) and the Elgin/Grabouw/Vyeboom/Villiersdorp (EGVV, insert b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-for-the-performance-of-the-3ebbqomo.png Table 4. Summary statistics for the performance of the Shuttleworth and Wallace model for predicting transpiration (T) and evapotranspiration (ET) at sites in KBV during 2014/15 and in EGVV during the 2015/16 growing season. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-total-water-use-for-the-2014-15-growing-season-in-1hxqbgjw.png Table 5. Total water use for the 2014/15 growing season in KBV and for the 2015/16 in EGVV. The season starts in September and ends in June the following year. T represents transpiration, Es evaporation from the orchard floor, and ET evapotranspiration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulated-monthly-total-et-and-its-components-namely-26742taq.png Fig. 7 Simulated monthly total ET and its components namely transpiration (T), and orchard floor evaporation (Es) for: (a) full-bearing, and; (b) non-bearing orchards compared with the measured reference evapotranspiration (ETo). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-the-atmospheric-evaporative-demand-eto-on-637mkn3b.png Fig. 4 Effect of the atmospheric evaporative demand (ETo) on the actual evapotranspiration measured in; (a) full-bearing ‘Golden Delicious’ (FBGD), (b) full-bearing ‘Cripps’ Pink’ (FBCP), (c) non-bearing Rosy Glow (NBRG)/ Cripps’ Red (NBCR), and; (d) non-bearing ‘Golden Delicious’ (NBGD) orchards. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-partitioning-of-et-into-the-transpiration-and-orchard-khl9gtge.png Fig. 5 Partitioning of ET into the transpiration and orchard floor evaporation components in: (a) a fullbearing, and; (b) a non-bearing apple orchard. Typical time lags between the measured ET and transpiration in: (c) a full-bearing, and; (d) a non-bearing apple orchard. The symbol “r” represents the correlation coefficient between ET and T. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-values-for-the-modified-shuttleworth-and-cxf4oenp.png Table 2. Parameter values for the modified Shuttleworth and Wallace model applied to high yielding and non-bearing apple orchards. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dynamics-of-soil-water-content-at-various-depths-in-2ysjt73w.png Fig. 2 Dynamics of soil water content at various depths in the root zone of (a) full-bearing ‘Golden Delicious’, and; (b) non-bearing ‘Cripps’ Red’ apple trees in response to irrigation and rainfall events during the 2015/16 growing season in EGVV. https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-size-of-the-covid-19-outbreak-in-italy-2rb5624zzf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-ci-dgr-and-wr-for-each-mj0k4m91.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the CI, DGR, and WR for each time phase https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-parameters-with-the-exponential-decay-2xoa4m1v.png Table 2. Estimated parameters with the exponential decay model applied to Eq. (5)) and the Gompertz model applied to the CI (Eq. (7)) for each time phase https://scispace.com/papers/estimating-the-unknown-time-delay-in-chemical-processes-5172ul9z59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-for-the-experiment-al58kdj3.png Table 1: Parameter values for the experiment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-case-iii-random-sampling-of-temperature-signal-ra3t4u81.png Table 4: Case III: Random Sampling of Temperature Signal: MeanValues and Standard Deviations for 10 Simulations with Different Noise and Inlet Temperature (Tin) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-case-i-time-delay-estimation-with-slowly-varying-14noqe20.png Figure 4: Case I: Time Delay Estimation with Slowly-Varying Inlet Temperature: The cross-correlation betweenu(t) andû(t − θ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-case-ii-time-delay-estimation-with-a-prb-signal-and-1okuxz4w.png Table 3: Case II: Time Delay Estimation with a PRB Signal and a Slowly-Varying Inlet Temperature: Mean Values and Standard Deviations for 10 simulations with different noise and assumed inlet temperature (Tin) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparing-the-performance-of-the-proposed-method-ubkjwlv9.png Table 6: Comparing the Performance of the Proposed Method, theCross-Correlation Method (CRA), the ARMAX-based method implemented by MATLAB’s delayest, and the Laguerre Methods for Estimating the Time Delay Using Smulation Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-continuous-stirred-heated-tank-332dsraw.png Figure 1: Schematic of the continuous, stirred, heated tank https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-case-i-time-delay-estimation-with-slowly-varying-k2zbsiai.png Figure 3: Case I: Time Delay Estimation with Slowly-Varying Inlet Temperature: Estimation of the steam flow rate ˙msteamwhenTin equals 10◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-case-i-open-loop-estimation-of-the-tank-2y01s00u.png Figure 2: Case I: Open-Loop Estimation of the Tank TemperatureT for the slowly-varying inlet temperature case https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-a-four-parameter-item-response-theory-model-kzglm2fv44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-test-information-functions-for-the-juvenile-30sp19te.png Figure 3. Test information functions for the juvenile delinquency scale for 4PM, 3PM, and 2PM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-item-parameter-and-trait-lo9w7na4.png Table 1. Summary statistics for item parameter and trait estimates: Four-parameter model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-for-item-parameter-estimates-by-2qp0v1xn.png Table 4. Summary statistics for item parameter estimates by item: MTF https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-item-parameter-and-trait-jxqpmbig.png Table 2. Summary statistics for item parameter and trait estimates: Three-parameter model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-item-parameter-and-trait-3ogtgdiu.png Table 3. Summary statistics for item parameter and trait estimates: Two-parameter model https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-and-inference-in-an-ecological-inference-model-1ysp6mj3xm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-test-model-effects-of-parameters-on-ate-bounds-1g8ggb1j.png Figure 1: Test Model: Effects of Parameters on ATE Bounds. Solid line, true ATE; Dashed lines, our bounds; Short-dashed lines, Manski (1990) bounds. Baseline parameter values: δ = 0.25; γ0 = −0.5; γ1 = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bounds-on-att-from-us-election-example-for-each-say38hw4.png Figure 4: Bounds on ATT from US Election Example. For each state, top and bottom of rectangular box corresponds to upper and lower bound of estimated ATT, as reported in Table 3. The confidence sets are marked by the whiskers. Y-axis: numbers correspond to states in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-example-bounds-for-marginal-and-counterfactual-4gbxryaa.png Table 4: Example: Bounds for Marginal and Counterfactual Outcome Distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-republican-voteshares-in-us-presidential-1myza1t9.png Table 3: Changes in Republican Voteshares in US Presidential Elections, 1980/2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-model-small-sample-performance-13mz5s69.png Table 1: Test Model: Small-Sample Performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-variables-included-in-propensity-15cgeyvv.png Table 2: Summary Statistics: Variables Included in Propensity Score. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bounds-on-ate-from-us-election-example-for-each-2sdg23xp.png Figure 3: Bounds on ATE from US Election Example. For each state, left and right of rectangular box corresponds to upper and lower bound of estimated ATE, as reported in Table 3. The confidence sets are marked by the whiskers. Y-axis: numbers correspond to states in Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-model-effects-of-parameters-on-att-bounds-3l8deh4f.png Figure 2: Test Model: Effects of Parameters on ATT Bounds. Solid line, true ATT; Dashed lines, our bounds. Baseline parameter values: δ = 0.25; γ0 = −0.5; γ1 = 0.5. https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-costs-in-the-russian-public-procurement-system-w5q7rtkcz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-120e84x3.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-w066ykf0.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-procurement-costs-and-total-savings-from-price-377z2bzs.png Table 8 Procurement costs and total savings from price reduction at competitive procedures https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-23d3usrs.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2nua4xzo.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-9kr2umio.png Table 7 https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-hass-avocado-persea-americana-mill-ripeness-by-3smk0y8o2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-1-tif-2db7x4pv.png Figure 1 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure 1.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-2-tif-35wi72dh.png Figure 2 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure 2.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-3-tif-uxz174mf.png Figure 3 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure 3.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-click-here-to-access-download-figure-figure-4-tif-bpvwy2w3.png Figure 4 Click here to access/download;Figure;Figure 4.tif https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-fuel-consumption-in-a-hybrid-electric-refuse-2jk0r0x6n9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-vehicle-transmission-torque-2l8zbrph.png Fig. 7. Vehicle-Transmission torque. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-drive-cycle-of-march-8-2013-2qyanlrr.png Fig. 4. Drive cycle of March 8, 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-refuse-dynamic-mass-3113ul9g.png Fig. 5. Refuse dynamic mass. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rcv-parameters-7bsqcn3a.png TABLE I: RCV parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-comparative-results-12f9jwyr.png TABLE V: Comparative results https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-fuel-consumption-comparison-324frxgv.png TABLE IV: Fuel consumption comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-state-of-charge-of-the-energy-storage-system-a2n0hvgz.png Fig. 12. State of charge of the energy storage system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-optimization-result-35ql0ohy.png TABLE III: Optimization result https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-breed-specific-heterosis-effects-for-birth-3ctsrzcsws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-breed-specific-heterosis-se-british-x-2az6an6g.png Table 4. Estimates of breed specific heterosis (SE) (British × British, British × Continental and Continental × Continental and breed × breed (nested random) heterozygosity) for weaning and yearling weight (Model 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-biological-type-heterosis-se-british-x-3bbn6cm1.png Table 2. Estimates of biological type heterosis (SE) (British x British, British x Continental and Continental × Continental) for birth, weaning and yearling weight (Model 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-standard-errors-se-and-correlations-among-p8b328q3.png Table 5. Estimates, standard errors (SE), and correlations among (co)variance components for yearling weight (Model 2) https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-position-and-intensity-of-dynamic-light-2hf06e0z9a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-reference-image-r-of-the-scene-b-current-scene-26hxbde2.png Fig. 1. (a): reference image R of the scene. (b): current scene capture. (c)(d): recovered illumination ratio map using respectively (b) and (a). (d) demonstrate a better separation of texture and lighting. Note the shadow of the front book in (d) compared to (c) as well as discarded pixels (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-recovered-ambient-intensity-la-and-point-light-sources-2mksbp43.png Fig. 4. Recovered ambient intensity La and point light sources intensity L1 and L2 for scenes S2 and S4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-row-1-reconstructed-shading-using-scene-geometry-and-38c88eow.png Fig. 5. Row 1: Reconstructed shading using scene geometry and recovered lighting properties (position and intensity) for S3 (left) and S4 (right). Row 2: AR scenarios with visually coherent virtual shadows (red capsule in S1 (left) and brown cube in S2 (right)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-and-second-best-correlation-coefficients-for-a-2ceartd9.png Fig. 3. First and second best correlation coefficients for a scene under static lighting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-col-1-overlay-of-selected-shadow-maps-contours-on-the-qq17h2ar.png Fig. 2. Col.1: Overlay of selected shadow maps contours on the input color frame. Col.2: Estimated illumination ratio maps for uniform (S1) and textured surfaces (S2, S3 and S4). https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-power-system-variability-due-to-wind-power-31l6bt6p25 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-box-plot-for-the-power-flows-in-the-system-lines-in-3kxkk4fq.png Fig. 8: Box-plot for the power flows in the system lines in case of 50% wind power penetration (10000-sample MCS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-load-distribution-for-4-tf-segmentation-10000-sample-2bmp8l1a.png Fig. 4: Load distribution for 4-TF segmentation (10000-sample MCS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scatter-diagram-between-two-system-loads-for-4-tf-2r6v3deo.png Fig. 5: Scatter diagram between two system loads for 4-TF segmentation (10000-sample MCS). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tf-settings-for-4-tf-load-modeling-for-the-new-2k11vrt3.png TABLE I: TF settings for 4-TF load modeling for the New England test system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wind-speed-scatter-diagram-r-0-7-10000-sample-mcs-m7tmguew.png Fig. 3: Wind speed scatter diagram, ρ = 0.7 (10000-sample MCS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-box-plot-for-the-power-flows-in-the-system-lines-in-2w3e841p.png Fig. 7: Box-plot for the power flows in the system lines in case of no wind power penetration (10000-sample MCS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wtg-wind-speed-power-characteristic-and-distributions-2t9mdjdg.png Fig. 1: WTG wind speed/power characteristic and distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sampling-of-a-r-v-in-mcs-3g0dtwuh.png Fig. 2: Sampling of a r.v. in MCS. https://scispace.com/papers/estimation-of-the-fatigue-strength-distribution-in-high-2mvuao4qto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-experimental-endurance-limits-pfz0-5-and-2acl7a1e.png Table 2 Median experimental endurance limits (PfZ0.5) and standard deviation (s) on smooth specimens at 10 6 or 107 cycles (in MPa) and relative error of prediction (REP) values (%) for the proposed model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fatigue-strength-probability-distributions-pf-versus-2sdpc2nh.png Fig. 2. Fatigue strength probability distributions Pf versus stress amplitude sa for smooth specimens in Ti–6Al–4V alloy. For combined plane bending and torsion: RsZK1, sa/TaZ1.732 (full line: theoretical predictions, dashed line: experimental distributions). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fatigue-strength-probability-distributions-pf-versus-bvam4jdw.png Fig. 3. Fatigue strength probability distributions Pf versus stress amplitude sa for smooth specimens in 30NiCrMo16 steel (full line: theoretical predictions, dashed line: experimental distributions). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-influence-of-the-maximum-shear-stress-on-the-median-1iyddhcg.png Fig. 8. Influence of the maximum shear stress on the median endurance limit predicted by the model for smooth specimens in Ti–6Al–4V under torsion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-prediction-of-the-size-effect-on-the-endurance-limit-tre4yl3v.png Fig. 10. Prediction of the size effect on the endurance limit in torsion (RsZK1) of smooth specimens of Ti–6Al–4V. Diameter of the reference specimens is equal to 7.98 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-prediction-of-the-size-effect-on-the-endurance-limit-1tl4xc51.png Fig. 9. Prediction of the size effect on the endurance limit in tension (RsZK1) for smooth specimens of Ti–6Al–4V. Diameter of the reference specimens is equal to 7.98 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fatigue-strength-probability-distributions-pf-versus-2lv8p39z.png Fig. 4. Fatigue strength probability distributions Pf versus stress amplitude sa for smooth specimens in C20 steel loaded under fully reversed combined plane bending and torsion with a phase-shift of 908 and sa/taZ1.78 (full line: theoretical predictions, dashed line: experimental distributions). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fatigue-strength-probability-distributions-pf-versus-3tqhvkvp.png Fig. 5. Fatigue strength probability distributions Pf versus stress amplitude for smooth specimens in 35CrMo4 steel (full line: theoretical predictions, dashed line: experimental distributions). https://scispace.com/papers/ethical-challenges-to-medical-assistance-at-sea-yd12aar1dd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-international-regulations-on-delivery-of-1t0jtzaf.png Table 1 Main international regulations on delivery of medical assistance at sea. https://scispace.com/papers/ethiopian-volcanic-hazards-a-changing-research-landscape-30lpmc6e8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summary-of-the-current-framework-for-response-to-a-1o2z7j4y.png Fig. 3. Summary of the current framework for response to a volcanic crisis in Ethiopia and communication pathways. IGSSA, Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy; VAAC, Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-population-exposure-around-fentale-corbetti-and-manda-1nq6w0f5.png Fig. 2. Population exposure around Fentale, Corbetti and Manda Hararo volcanic centres (Map sources: ESRI Online 2014; LandScan 2014; Smithsonian 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-volcanoes-in-ethiopia-pale-grey-a-alutu-al-3ll5aldy.png Fig. 1. Location of volcanoes in Ethiopia (pale grey): A, Alutu; AL, Alayta; BJ, Butajiri Silti Field; BR, Bilate River Field; BU, Bishoftu Volcanic Field; C, Corbetti Caldera; D, Dabbahu; EA, Erta’Ale; F, Fentale; HC, Hobicha Caldera; K, Kone; MH, Manda Hararo; S, Sodore; TA, Tat’Ale; and TM, Tullu Moje volcanoes. Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (Smithsonian 2014; Siebert et al., 2010; ESRI Online, 2015; NGIA 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-population-exposure-within-10-30-and-100km-of-24dvv0n3.png Table 1. Population exposure within 10, 30 and 100km of selected volcanoes and all volcanoes in Ethiopia: comparing population databases from World Pop (2010) and Land Scan (2014). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-timeline-of-events-and-interaction-capturing-the-2dzvtzqc.png Fig. 4. Timeline of events and interaction, capturing the collaborative process undertaken during the ARC project. AM I and AM II represent the French Margin Programmes (parts I and II) awarded to Raphaël Pik (CRNS, CRPG-Nancy). NSF (National Science Foundation, USA, EAR-0635789) funds awarded to a team led by Cindy Ebinger (University of Rochester, USA). ARC (Afar Rift Consortium, NE/E007414/1) funding awarded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, to a consortium led by Tim Wright (University of Leeds). RiftVolc (Rift Volcanism: Past, Present, Future, NE/L013460/1) funding awarded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, to a team led by Kathy Whaler (University of Edinburgh) and Juliet Biggs (University of Bristol). NERC urgency grants NE/D008611/1 and NE/D01039X/2 to Cindy Ebinger and Tim Wright. Dyke emplacement events from Hamling et al. (2010) and volcanic eruption dates from The Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (Smithsonian 2014). https://scispace.com/papers/ethnic-armies-and-ethnic-conflict-in-burma-reconsidering-the-c4whrlmbl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-enlistment-age-profile-of-men-in-the-data-sample-tgruc4wm.png Figure 6. Enlistment age profile of men in the data sample not recruited during the Second World War. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-enlistment-age-profile-of-those-entering-military-185np8aq.png Figure 7. Enlistment age profile of those entering military service, 1945–48. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-age-of-men-from-data-group-leaving-the-military-2v9arv6o.png Figure 11. Age of men from data group leaving the military structures of the Union of Burma, 1960–63. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-demobilization-dates-from-the-kachin-rifles-for-1rkx50bs.png Figure 10. Demobilization dates from the Kachin Rifles for those in the research dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/etsi-reconfigurable-radio-systems-software-defined-radio-and-3uxa2snrf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-rbs-functional-blocks-2git6n1a.png Figure 1: Basic RBS functional blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-cpc-in-a-heterogeneous-rat-environment-1ng23ypp.png Figure 4: The CPC in a heterogeneous RAT environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-functional-architecture-of-sdr-equipment-1934g2sa.png Figure 3: Functional architecture of SDR Equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reconfigurable-architecture-for-radio-base-stations-35uluyj0.png Figure 2: Reconfigurable architecture for radio base stations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-high-level-view-of-fa-2xnthi8k.png Figure 5: High level view of FA. https://scispace.com/papers/etudiants-en-medecine-et-internet-quelles-pratiques-de-1av5oea7dm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-notation-des-sites-internet-selon-les-declarations-1jzlfqlo.png Figure 3. Notation des sites Internet selon les déclarations des étudiants. Coll. Nat. des Enseignants : Collèges nationaux des enseignants, HAS : Haute Autorité de santé. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sites-consultes-par-les-etudiants-selon-leurs-12uz5bnq.png Figure 2. Sites consultés par les étudiants selon leurs déclarations au questionnaire. Coll. Nat. des Enseignants : Collèges nationaux des enseignants, HAS : Haute Autorité de santé. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scores-obtenus-aux-questions-medicales-selon-la-250u6e46.png Figure 1. Scores obtenus aux questions médicales selon la consultation d’Internet ou non. Question 1 : quel est le traitement des hémorroïdes ? Question 2 : quels sont les symptômes d’un syndrome de sevrage tabagique ? Question 3 : quels en sont les traitements possibles ? Question 4 : quelle est la définition du syndrome de Diogène ? Question 5 : citez dix moyens de contraception possibles. Question 6 : combien y a-t-il d’envenimations et de décès parmorsure de serpent dans lemonde chaque année ?Question 7 : quelles sont les recommandations à donner en cas de morsure par un serpent ? https://scispace.com/papers/eu-s-eastern-neighbours-institutional-harmonisation-and-3x5lyaltsk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determinants-of-institutional-reforms-in-a-single-34ybp346.png Table 1. Determinants of institutional reforms in a single equation specification https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-range-of-potential-country-growth-bonus-growth-in-277hmae3.png Table 5. Range of potential country growth bonus (% growth in per capita terms) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-of-eight-ebrd-transition-indicators-on5scqxh.png Figure 3. Average of eight EBRD transition indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-potential-growth-bonus-from-deepened-neighbourhood-y84a1lc8.png Table 4. Potential growth bonus from deepened neighbourhood cooperation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-range-of-potential-country-growth-bonus-for-9j3m9adv.png Figure 4. Range of potential country growth bonus for neighbouring countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparative-growth-performance-14coan5w.png Figure 1. Comparative growth performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-institutional-reforms-in-the-dynamic-2qgymoew.png Table 2. Determinants of institutional reforms in the dynamic panel specification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-approach-3ebmbcdc.png Figure 2. Conceptual approach https://scispace.com/papers/european-influence-and-economic-development-2aufyua7no 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-countries-and-constitution-data-coverage-731ua8k9.png Table A.1: Countries and Constitution Data Coverage https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-constitutional-similarity-and-growth-a-benchmark-r2qeyyht.png Table 2: Constitutional Similarity and Growth – A Benchmark https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-changes-in-growth-due-to-increases-in-neo-european-98xk580y.png Figure 5: Changes in Growth Due to Increases in Neo-European Influence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-executive-constraints-moderate-the-effect-of-free-77eh1094.png Figure 6: Executive Constraints Moderate the Effect of Free Elections on Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-constitution-variables-definitions-and-summary-254cu1zv.png Table A.2: Constitution Variables, Definitions, and Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-constitutional-similarity-and-growth-neo-european-1fm6fgrw.png Table 4b: Constitutional Similarity and Growth – Neo-European Influence on Colonies by Respective Colonizer https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-constitutional-similarity-and-growth-neo-european-33dunskr.png Table 4b: Constitutional Similarity and Growth – Neo-European Influence on Colonies by Respective Colonizer https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-constitutional-similarity-and-growth-disaggregated-5kj7jb0m.png Table 5a: Constitutional Similarity and Growth – Disaggregated Constitution Dimensions https://scispace.com/papers/europeanisation-and-internationalisation-the-case-of-the-4vjdarzxd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-supporting-opposing-eu-accession-in-the-2rdsny0t.png TABLE 2. Percentage supporting/opposing EU accession in the Czech Republic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-positions-of-czech-political-parties-and-social-3517fd2v.png FIGURE 2. The positions of Czech political parties and social movements regarding internationalisation and Europeanisation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-political-divides-in-the-czech-republic-1994-1qduqnpn.png FIGURE 1. Political divides in the Czech Republic (1994). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percentage-supporting-eu-accession-in-the-referendum-2amd06tx.png TABLE 4. Percentage supporting EU accession in the referendum and turnout https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-public-support-for-eu-membership-in-hungary-poland-19p9mrpy.png TABLE 3. Public support for EU membership in Hungary, Poland and Czech Republic https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportion-favouring-a-referendum-on-eu-accession-in-2wlfq8rg.png TABLE 1. Proportion favouring a referendum on EU accession in the Czech Republic https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-high-dose-rivastigmine-patch-in-severe-alzheimer-45u20zceza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-demographics-and-background-characteristics-1mqlmmfp.png Table 1. Patient demographics and background characteristics by treatment group and concomitant memantine use (randomized set). https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-local-vulnerability-and-organisational-resilience-2rlxwunxl6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-acute-malnutrition-by-region-n0odsdtx.png Figure 6. Acute malnutrition by region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-maga-showing-lake-maga-and-flooded-areas-3i1okvwa.png Figure 3. Map of Maga showing Lake Maga and flooded areas during the 2012 floods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-garoua-showing-flooded-areas-during-the-2012-1gcu3p3f.png Figure 2. Map of Garoua showing flooded areas during the 2012 floods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-general-strategy-for-the-prevention-of-risks-and-1rwrnazn.png Table 2: General strategy for the prevention of risks and disaster management in Cameroon https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-conceptual-framework-for-vulnerability-in-northern-95pjy5sv.png Figure 8. Conceptual framework for vulnerability in Northern Cameroon. Source: Authors, adapted from Gallopin (2006). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-relations-among-vulnerability-resilience-1s4rrrkf.png Figure 1. Conceptual Relations among vulnerability, resilience, and AC after Gallopin (2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-defects-in-the-maga-dam-and-the-logone-2oifwlcn.png Table 1: Structural defects in the Maga dam and the Logone dyke in Northern Cameroon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pictures-showing-deterioration-of-the-maga-dam-zbaopdsq.png Figure 7. Pictures showing deterioration of the Maga Dam https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-environment-in-international-development-57fx4o2qii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-observations-from-ces-sustainability-ready-2vuhaebb.png TABLE 3.1 Observations from CES Sustainability-Ready Stocktaking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-globally-distributed-gef-supported-protected-1fgmxxdn.png FIGURE 5.1 Globally Distributed Gef-Supported Protected Areas were Overlaid with Sites of Conservation Importance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-4-the-intervention-circle-3iw31d9x.png FIGURE 8.4 The Intervention Circle https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-5-outcomes-impacts-assessment-findings-for-1y9nssvd.png TABLE 7.5 Outcomes-Impacts Assessment Findings for Intermediate State 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-the-use-of-nested-theories-of-change-to-help-2r5d0zly.png TABLE 4.3 The Use of “Nested Theories of Change” to Help Evaluate Different Types of Issue https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-evaluation-criteria-3anr5ll8.png FIGURE 2.1 Evaluation Criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-2-modalities-of-compensation-in-the-pes-costa-rica-5lxjytkd.png TABLE 13.2 Modalities of Compensation in the PES, Costa Rica https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-steps-in-the-field-based-review-of-outcomes-to-36cq2yuq.png FIGURE 7.2 Steps in the Field-Based Review of Outcomes to Impacts Assessment Process https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-museum-visitor-experiences-based-on-user-2c71vvau6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-photos-at-the-museums-27we1lej.png Figure 4: Sample photos at the museums https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-museum-visits-by-month-3rp4s79s.png Figure 3: Museum visits by month https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-museum-visitors-photo-datasets-3akoev5v.png Table 1: Museum Visitors Photo Datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-museum-visits-1a7nms5w.png Table 3: Frequency of Museum Visits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-museum-photo-location-and-clustering-result-h1vnmn2l.png Figure 1: Museum photo location and clustering result. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proportion-of-photo-scenes-by-visitor-group-2xeywfwk.png Figure 6: Proportion of photo scenes by visitor group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-museum-visitors-by-country-of-origin-175qmhpd.png Table 2: Number of Museum Visitors by Country of Origin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiple-museum-visits-by-year-1gmyujgz.png Table 4: Multiple Museum Visits by Year https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-the-consumer-response-to-fuel-economy-a-review-of-2xt6dlv7ki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-main-sources-of-variation-in-vehicle-1cvh1na1.png Table 2. Summary of Main Sources of Variation in Vehicle Choice Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evidence-on-consumer-valuation-of-fuel-economy38-2fo0drj9.png Table 1. Evidence on Consumer Valuation of Fuel Economy38 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-techniques-for-interaction-at-a-distance-4ff32dh8jp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-times-to-finish-slalom-course-for-first-and-34ecixeb.png Figure 4: Average times to finish slalom course for first and second runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-user-questionnaire-and-average-time-per-k1mas2vv.png Figure 3: Results of user questionnaire and average time per technique. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cursor-moving-progressively-through-an-obstacle-1aedg362.png Figure 2: Cursor moving progressively through an obstacle course. Notice shadow walls moving away from the center, causing the cursor’s shadows to stay close to the edges of the screen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-path-distance-and-number-of-missed-gates-15lrkmtd.png Figure 5: Average path distance and number of missed gates per run. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prototype-setup-for-labeling-trees-from-a-distance-q9pg59nz.png Figure 1: Prototype setup for labeling trees from a distance. The center tree’s distance (unlabeled sphere) can be judged by comparing its shadow to those of nearby trees already represented in the model. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-the-effects-of-guided-coaching-calls-on-1alg3p2so2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-marginal-means-based-on-mmrm-results-with-wtv96mm7.png Table 1. Estimated marginal means based on MMRM results with the full intent-to-treat sample. Coaching (n = 68) Non-Coaching (n = 68) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-changes-in-mental-health-symptoms-between-coaching-1j6djwri.png Figure 1. Changes in mental health symptoms between coaching and non-coaching conditions by ACT component condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mmrm-results-for-interaction-effects-between-2l682ow2.png Table 2. MMRM results for interaction effects. Between Condition Effect Sizes https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-the-rainbow-self-adaptive-1dj7y4b909 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-rainbow-framework-27nuwt8q.png Figure 1. The Rainbow framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-znn-com-system-architecture-2uv4v4k9.png Figure 2. The Znn.com system architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quality-dimensions-and-the-corresponding-probes-and-7j06bo75.png Table 1. Quality dimensions and the corresponding probes and effectors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graph-of-actual-peak-day-traffic-of-a-site-1k8bu68p.png Figure 3. Graph of actual, peak-day traffic of a site experiencing Slashdot effect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-znn-com-experiment-data-3gnub0di.png Figure 4. Znn.com experiment data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-instantaneous-and-accrued-utility-3jc9iolr.png Figure 5. Instantaneous and accrued utility https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-the-impact-of-a-performance-based-methodology-on-3uaq477bp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-average-number-of-participants-in-aw-and-naw-3r6d2txr.png Figure 12. Average Number of Participants in AW and NAW Groups who Reported Engaging in new Behaviors on the Job, as a Result of Training. Figure 13 indicates the average number of ―tools‖ used on the job after training, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-response-rate-of-aw-and-naw-groups-to-the-1pk8j1ku.png Figure 5. Average Response Rate of AW and NAW Groups to the Question ―Using the scale provided, rate the extent to which you might have applied any learning from this training experience.‖Used a tool from the “Change Management Tool Kit” (e.g., Risk Assessment, Stakeholder Plan, Change Plan, Communication Plan) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-response-rate-of-aw-and-naw-groups-to-the-x2f6pvuj.png Figure 1. Average Response Rate of AW and NAW Groups to the Question ―What were your expectations as you began the Change Management learning experience?‖ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-response-rate-of-aw-and-naw-groups-to-the-2xp928cx.png Figure 6. Average Response Rate of AW and NAW Groups to the Question ―Using the scale provided, rate the extent to which you have applied any learning from this training experience.‖ Leading a change initiative using the tools, concepts, and processes I learned https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-average-combined-response-rate-of-aw-and-naw-1a6b7v94.png Figure 10. Average Combined Response Rate of AW and NAW Groups to all Parts of the Question ―Using the scale provided, rate the extent to which you might have applied any learning from this training experience.‖ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-response-rate-of-aw-and-naw-groups-to-the-2eai8a2w.png Figure 9. Average Response Rate of AW and NAW Groups to the Question ―Using the scale provided, rate the extent to which you might have applied any learning from this training experience.‖ Shared best practices regarding leading https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-average-number-of-tools-used-by-each-group-on-the-3rn2hpja.png Figure 13. Average Number of Tools Used by Each Group on the Job After Training. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-response-rate-of-aw-and-naw-groups-to-the-3b3prm0t.png Figure 2. Average Response Rate of AW and NAW Groups to the Question ―How were your expectations set?‖ https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-the-impact-of-an-exotic-plant-invasion-on-rodent-4uc6iobev5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-and-sample-plots-map-created-using-arcgis-1zdz6qt1.png Fig. 1. Study area and sample plots (map created using ArcGIS, Esri, Redlands, CA). Green boxes denote the locations of sixteen 50 × 50-m trapping plots that were sampled for rodents on the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, 2010–2013. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nonlinear-relationship-between-rodent-abundance-nw7oeiok.png Fig. 3. Nonlinear relationship between rodent abundance (average nightly captures per session per plot) and percent invasive plant cover on U.S. Army Dugway Proving Grounds, UT, 2010–2013 (n= 144 plots). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-glmm-for-predictor-variable-effects-on-28h8d842.png TABLE 1. Results of GLMM for predictor variable effects on rodent richness, Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, 2010–2013 (n= 144). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-glmm-for-predictor-variable-effects-on-otpiweir.png TABLE 2. Results of GLMM for predictor variable effects on rodent abundance, Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, 2010–2013 (n= 144). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-rodent-richness-number-of-species-17gsokmy.png Fig. 2. Relationship between rodent richness (number of species encountered) and percent invasive plant cover on U.S. Army Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah, 2010–2013 (n= 144 plots). https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-the-removal-of-non-detrital-matter-from-soils-and-3et0p2u8eu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reagents-and-conditions-used-in-the-sequential-3fkpchif.png Table 1. Reagents and conditions used in the sequential extraction procedures developed by Tessier et al. (1979) and 619 Schultz et al. (1998). 620 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-234u-238u-activity-ratio-and-u-concentration-of-the-3cau7rz7.png Table 2. (234U/238U) activity ratio, and U concentration of the untreated soil (< 63 µm fraction) 625 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comminution-ages-calculated-following-the-various-1sqqrpvt.png Table 6. Comminution ages calculated following the various sample pre-treatment procedures. 643 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-particle-size-and-surface-area-properties-of-the-63-3bfk5wcg.png Table 5. Particle size and surface area properties of the <63 μm fraction of the untreated soil sample, and following 637 Experiments 1, 3 and 4. 638 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-amount-of-mass-removed-per-gram-of-soil-in-2pn4w14k.png Table 4. The amount of mass removed per gram of soil in Experiments 1, 2, 4, and 5. 634 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-234u-238u-activity-ratios-and-the-cumulative-3mw9nume.png Table 3. (234U/238U) activity ratios and the cumulative percentage of U extracted (relative to the amount of U in the 629 untreated soil) in Experiments 1-7. 630 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-and-calibration-of-functional-network-modeling-ht9mxf3kjx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evaluation-of-the-network-modeling-methods-using-2fywcx75.png Figure 6. Evaluation of the network modeling methods using resting-state data without the removal of the global signal (here approximated as the first principle component). Results are for the 9 node network with 68 minute fMRI sessions. Panels are as in figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-positions-of-voxels-selected-for-inclusion-in-rois-2dlzz260.png Figure 2. Positions of voxels selected for inclusion in ROIs for subject 5. Each plot represents a visual area. Within a plot, central eccentricity region voxels are in red, intermediate are in green, peripheral are in blue, and the eccentricity borders are represented by vertical lines. Horizontal lines separate quadrants. Notice how only the V2E2-V2E3 border in the 0 to pi/2 cluster (quadrant) has voxels near it on both sides. Number of voxels in an ROI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-c-sensitivities-of-the-models-without-the-inclusion-1nzz3rdb.png Figure 5. C-sensitivities of the models without the inclusion of horizontal connections in the set of expected connections and using the new ROIs. The mean is computed across all subjects (grey line) and across subjects 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 (pink line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-retinotopy-and-connections-tested-for-use-in-c-oxr5i7eq.png Figure 1. Retinotopy and connections tested for use in c-sensitivity calculations. A) Visual areas V1, V2 and V3 were defined by examining the reversal of direction of increasing polar angle phases perpendicular to the iso-eccentricity delineation. Voxels from each area were further classified into three eccentricity bins: central, intermediate, and peripheral, with the boundaries 0.40 - 2.50 , 2.50 - 5.97 , and 5.97 - 12.00 , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-c-sensitivities-of-the-models-performed-in-a-3gvvpmvd.png Figure 6. Evaluation of the network modeling methods using resting-state data without the removal of the global signal (here approximated as the first principle component). Results are for the 9 node network with 68 minute fMRI sessions. Panels are as in figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-receiver-operating-characteristic-roc-curve-of-the-10fqda5g.png Figure 4. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the models in the case of the 9 node network and 68 minute sessions without inclusion of horizontal connections in the set of expected connections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-c-sensitivities-of-the-models-without-the-inclusion-3u1cf9wh.png Figure 3. C-sensitivities of the models without the inclusion of horizontal connections in the set of expected connections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-reduced-set-of-connections-tested-in-the-1ze5c9lj.png Figure 1. Retinotopy and connections tested for use in c-sensitivity calculations. A) Visual areas V1, V2 and V3 were defined by examining the reversal of direction of increasing polar angle phases perpendicular to the iso-eccentricity delineation. Voxels from each area were further classified into three eccentricity bins: central, intermediate, and peripheral, with the boundaries 0.40 - 2.50 , 2.50 - 5.97 , and 5.97 - 12.00 , respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluating-wild-grapevine-tolerance-to-copper-toxicity-4v6afbqgcm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-copper-concentrations-in-the-leaves-and-roots-c3aeufzf.png Table 1. Total copper concentrations in the leaves and roots of plants of V. vinifera x V. berlandieri "41B", V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from "Agrio 285 river" population and V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from "14/Rute/1" population, in response to treatment with a range of external Cu concentrations 286 for 30 days. Values represent mean ± SE, n = 3. 287 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-du-modele-computationnel-d-emotions-igrace-1i8pc8es82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-taux-de-reconnaissance-des-emotions-leml21d5.png FIGURE 2 : Taux de reconnaissance des émotions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-taux-de-satisfaction-du-comportement-154tm7av.png FIGURE 1 : Taux de satisfaction du comportement https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-a-metal-supported-ni-ysz-ysz-la2nio4-it-sofc-33zi4xa20x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-complete-cells-open-circuit-voltage-3gtd6ne4.png Figure 1. Evolution of complete cells’ open circuit voltage (OCV) during reduction of anode layer at 973 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-microstructure-of-samples-with-rms-a-c-and-1mi38goq.png Figure 5. Surface microstructure of samples with RMS (a,c) and SP cathodes (b,d) with different magnifications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cross-section-of-samples-with-rms-a-sp-b-and-rms-sp-wyscjg9b.png Figure 6. Cross section of samples with RMS (a), SP (b) and RMS+SP (c) samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-voltametry-tests-of-complete-cells-with-rms-cathode-2jrnrt4e.png Figure 2. Voltametry tests of complete cells with RMS cathode, SP cathode and RMS + SP cathode layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrd-measurements-of-rms-sp-and-rms-sp-complete-27xl2n9b.png Figure 4. XRD measurements of RMS, SP and RMS+SP complete cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-eds-mapping-of-the-porous-metallic-support-after-2boqhvsf.png Figure 8. EDS mapping of the porous metallic support after complete cell tests with RMS (a) and SP (b) samples. SP sample was annealed at 1423 K during 12 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nyquist-plots-of-complete-cells-with-rms-cathode-sp-21eo8cs0.png Figure 3. Nyquist plots of complete cells with RMS cathode, SP cathode and RMS + SP cathode layers. Models are represented by lines. Experimental results are represented by points. Symbols represent the different samples: SP LNO (Х), RMS LNO (◊), RMS + SP LNO (○). �� = 1 2�(������)1/�� (�� 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cross-section-of-samples-with-rms-a-c-and-rms-sp-b-2klfxe8y.png Figure 7. Cross section of samples with RMS (a,c), and RMS+SP (b,d) samples. Zoom on RMS nickelate lanthanum layer (a,b). Zoom on electrolyte material (c,d). https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-a-method-and-a-computer-tool-for-generating-4pyw2qvivv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-examples-of-concepts-for-emptying-a-tube-produced-1ogjwtvc.png Figure 10. Examples of concepts for emptying a tube produced by students of the Classic group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-generated-concepts-for-the-design-task-subf36dz.png Table 1. Generated concepts for the design task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bs-module-a-item-library-b-bs-design-space-c-item-3kzf4ka9.png Figure 3. BS module: A, item library; B, BS design space; C, item list; D, item properties; E, BS properties. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-an-electronic-nose-for-the-early-detection-of-5dc3aqhlw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-biogas-dilution-and-jt43bhcb.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the biogas dilution and sensing with an electronic nose device https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specifications-of-the-sensors-employed-in-the-35vjean0.png Table 2 Specifications of the sensors employed in the electronic nose device https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-means-squares-and-confidence-intervals-bars-of-the-3ahm0gmc.png Fig. 2 Means (squares) and confidence intervals (bars) of the sludge pH and the gas phase composition for digesters fed with cautious (1.3 gVS L-1 day-1) and risky OLR ([4 gVS L-1 day-1). Means with the same letter do not differ significantly at P B 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-progress-over-time-of-the-e-nose-t2-values-observed-1kut9dh0.png Fig. 8 Progress over time of the e-nose T2 values observed for reactors exposed to cautious OLR interrupted by pulse organic loads with dry sugar beet pulp on days 11 (2.7 gVS L-1 day-1), 15 (3.6 gVS L-1 day-1), 20 (5.3 gVS L-1 day-1) and day 40 (6.7 gVS L-1 day-1). Median and upper control limit (UCL) were obtained for four anaerobic semi-continuous reactors fed with different substrates (sucrose, oil, sucrose:oil mixture and dry sugar beet pulp)at a cautious OLR of 1.3 gVS L-1 day-1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-principal-component-analysis-score-plot-258-hcjlohd5.png Fig. 3 Principal component analysis score plot (258 observations) of the response of the six sensors for the digesters fed with the cautious OLR (1.3 gVS L-1 day-1) and four feeding substrates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-progress-over-time-of-the-e-nose-t2-values-and-ph-of-3mpoy6ub.png Fig. 5 Progress over time of the e-nose T2 values, and pH of the anaerobic sludge for digesters fed with a sucrose and b maize oil. The organic loading rate (OLR) increased from 1.3 to 5.3 gVS L-1 day-1. The upper control limit (UCL) was computed for four digesters fed with a cautious OLR of 1.3 gVS L-1 day-1. A pulse load was applied to the cautious OLR on day 48 at a rate of 10 gVS L-1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-progress-over-time-of-the-e-nose-t2-values-and-ph-of-jvb8muma.png Fig. 6 Progress over time of the e-nose T2 values, and pH of the anaerobic sludge for digesters fed with a mixture of sucrose:oil 1:1 and exposed to two disturbance strategies: a a pulse overload on day 48 and b an increasing OLR from 1.3 to 5.3 gVS L-1 day-1. The upper control limit (UCL) was computed for four digesters exposed to a cautious OLR of 1.3 gVS L-1 day-1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-progress-over-time-of-the-e-nose-t2-value-ph-and-2gju12li.png Fig. 7 Progress over time of the e-nose T2 value, pH and methane content of a digester fed with a mixture of sucrose and maize oil (1:1) and exposed to an increasing loading rate (1.3–5.3 gVS L-1 day-1). The upper control limit (UCL) was obtained with four digesters fed with the cautious OLR of 1.3 gVS L-1 day-1. When the pH of the digester dropped below 6.7, the feeding was stopped for a day and these periods are indicated by vertical arrows https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-atmosphere-biosphere-exchange-estimations-with-19vt5zqqfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fluxes-used-in-the-geos-chem-co2-simulation-the-3jnuiump.png Table 1. Fluxes used in the GEOS-Chem CO2 simulation. The inventories, a short description and references are listed as in Nassar et al.(2010). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-time-series-of-the-monthly-averages-of-column-31w48x73.png Fig. 2. The time series of the monthly averages of column averaged XCO2. The black line shows the mean for the TCCON measurements in Białystok (Poland), Bremen (Germany), Lamont (Oklahoma) and Park Falls (Wisconsin). The colored lines show the smoothed column averaged CO2 for the three models (CASA, SiB, GBiome-BGC) and the manipulated CASA model (Sect.7.2). The trend in the simulations is determined by the sum of the sources and sinks listed in Table1. For the comparison the daily averaged GEOS-Chem CO2 simulation profile for the same day was smoothed with the averaging kernel and a priori profile from the TCCON measurement and integrated to column averaged XCO2. In comparison with the TCCON measurements, the GEOS-Chem CO2 simulation with the SiB NEE input most closely simulates the seasonal cycle and the manipulated CASA model improves significantly the comparison. The variability of the TCCON time series in the winter of 2007–2008 is due to the few measurements averaged (Table S1 in the Supplement). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-averaged-seasonal-cycles-derived-with-the-averages-of-3ijiiz39.png Fig. 3. Averaged seasonal cycles, derived with the averages of the monthly means, shown in Fig.2. The emerging patterns reveal the characteristics already seen in the NEE inputs. The simulated CO2 drawdown using SiB or GBiome-BGC starts too early compared to the TCCON measurements and too late using CASA inputs. The seasonal amplitude is slightly overestimated with SiB and underestimated using GBiome-BGC and CASA. The simulated CO2 release starts too early using CASA and too late using SiB or GBiome-BGC. The zero crossings indicated with dots give an estimate of the delays in the CO2 drawdown and release (Table3). The manipulated NEE CASA input leads to a significant improvement of the simulated CO2 cycle. Even though the seasonal amplitude is overestimated, the timing of the CO2 drawdown and CO2 release is estimated accurately (Sect.7.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatial-distribution-of-annual-anomalies-in-growing-1g5o5xhs.png Fig. 4.Spatial distribution of annual anomalies in growing season net flux (average SiB NEE from May–August), representing the difference of annual mean GSNF from the five-year climatological average for(a) 2006,(b) 2007,(c) 2008,(d) 2009, and(e) 2010. Interannual variability is clearly evident throughout North America, Europe, and Boreal Asia, with anomalies representing 10 % or less of the climatological average. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-same-as-in-fig-2-showing-the-monthly-mean-xco2-for-2hy9g67z.png Fig. 5.The same as in Fig.2, showing the monthly mean XCO2 for the GEOS-Chem CO2 simulation using year-specific SiB fluxes and using only SiB 2009 NEE estimations for the whole time period. The differences between these GEOS-Chem CO2 simulations give a measure of the impact of year-specific SiB NEE fluxes in contrast to the climatology, showing only slight differences. The variability of the TCCON time series in the winter of 2007–2008 is due to the few measurements averaged (Table S1 in the Supplement). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tccon-sites-latitude-longitude-and-altitude-the-data-14pil5h2.png Table 2.TCCON sites (latitude, longitude and altitude). The data record time period and references are listed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-weekly-averaged-geos-chem-co2-simulations-using-casa-234b3u8n.png Fig. 6. Weekly averaged GEOS-Chem CO2 simulations using CASA NEE estimations (red dots) and SiB NEE inputs (green dots) in comparison with weekly averaged TCCON measurements at four sites: Park Falls (Wisconsin), Lamont (Oklahoma), Bremen (Germany), Białystok (Poland). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-the-geos-chem-co2-simulations-using-1ehdrqvj.png Table 3. Analysis of the GEOS-Chem CO2 simulations using different NEE estimations. Correlation coefficients for GEOS-Chem CO2 simulations with TCCON measurements for the CASA inventory (standard/manipulated), year-specific SiB fluxes and SiB climatology. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-biasing-and-protection-circuitry-components-j81zxtci5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-iv-curves-for-visible-light-leds-43c8hl99.png Fig. 3. IV-curves for visible light LEDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-change-in-capacitance-of-the-capacitors-as-a-function-1826h11v.png Fig. 2. Change in capacitance of the capacitors as a function of temperature. Numbers correspond to the indices in Table 2. The recorded temperature may be slightly different from the temperature of the capacitor itself since the temperature was rising continuously, though slowly. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-non-led-diodes-that-were-tested-cryogenically-3bm2wvjk.png Table 5 Non-LED diodes that were tested cryogenically. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-response-at-room-temperature-of-the-drain-and-gate-24n7ef1z.png Fig. 9. Response at room temperature of the drain and gate bias protection circuits to ±30 V step with a 5 ns rise/fall time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-iv-curves-for-unipolar-diodes-the-negative-part-of-the-21f6txz3.png Fig. 5. IV-curves for unipolar diodes. The negative part of the curves are not shown since they all had insignificant leakage currents, especially at cryogenic temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-changes-in-resistance-as-a-function-of-temperature-for-18iev9n7.png Fig. 1. Changes in resistance as a function of temperature for the components listed in Table 1. These generally cluster according to the resistance value. 3.2.Capacitors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-capacitors-tested-for-the-bias-protection-circuit-19htptsk.png Table 3 Capacitors tested for the bias protection circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-leds-selected-for-cryogenic-testing-37ouv794.png Table 4 LEDs selected for cryogenic testing. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-boundary-layer-type-in-a-weather-forecast-3ml3jaje7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-um-boundary-layer-types-of-lock-et-al-2000-left-1uvt9p50.png Table 1. The UM boundary-layer types of Lock et al. (2000) (left column) and their relation to the nine observational boundary-layer types of Harvey et al. (2013) (right column). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-frequency-of-occurrence-of-hourly-boundary-3kcta6bg.png Figure 1. The frequency of occurrence of hourly boundary-layer types for the UK4 and the observations during the period 01/09/2009–31/08/2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-frequency-of-occurrence-of-hourly-boundary-2kfp61i5.png Figure 7. The frequency of occurrence of hourly boundary-layer types for the UK4 and NAE models, and the observations during the period 01/09/2009 - 31/05/2010 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-construction-of-a-2x2-contingency-table-12hun6ue.png Table 2. The construction of a 2x2 contingency table. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-summary-of-the-sedi-score-for-each-decision-for-the-69m8ulk8.png Figure 8. Summary of the SEDI score for each decision for the the modal UK4 boundary-layer type and NAE boundary-layer type closest to the CFARR with 95% confidence intervals calculated using the forecast lead time data for the period 01/09/2009 - 31/05/2010. The right panel shows the SEDI score for the presence of cloud (>10%) below 3 km for the same period for the UK for the closest grid point to CFARR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-how-the-joint-histogram-in-figure-3-is-20g3g79w.png Figure 4. Schematic of how the joint histogram in Figure 3 is split into multiple 2x2 contingency tables corresponding to each decision. The number refers to the decision being considered (as in Table 3). Abscissa refers to the observed boundary-layer type and ordinate to the modelled type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-decisions-that-are-assessed-using-a-2o6o790n.png Table 3. Summary of decisions that are assessed using a binary verification measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-dependence-of-skill-on-forecast-lead-time-the-1nzvxa52.png Figure 5. The dependence of skill on forecast lead time. The panels show the skill for (a) the stability decision, (b) the cumulus decision, (c) the decoupled decision, (d) the layers decision, and (e) the stable stratocumulus decision. The lines indicate the SEDI values for the (solid) UK4 and (dot-dash) persistence forecasts, the dotted line indicates the expected SEDI values for a random forecast. The error bars are calculated as described in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-classification-algorithms-for-intrusion-klqk6whb9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contingency-matrix-showing-the-joint-probabilities-39g16ptr.png Table 2 Contingency matrix showing the joint probabilities for a multiclass classifier. Columns (Ii) represent intrusion events of type i (0 denotes a normal event) and rows (Aj) correspond to the alarms of type i generated by the IDS (0 denotes the absence of an alarm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gp-parameters-and-operators-used-in-the-experiments-n7nbi1cm.png Table 3 GP parameters and operators used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-achieved-for-the-original-two-class-dataset-1d56skz4.png Fig. 2. Results achieved for the original two-class dataset with an attack prevalence of 80%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-false-alarm-rate-fa-detection-rate-dr-and-1df5t0jc.png Table 4 False alarm rate (FA), detection rate (DR) and classification error (CE) incurred by each classifier using the multiclass dataset. Highlighted in bold are the best values achieved for each rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-detection-rates-of-each-attack-by-each-classifier-1rwvm2x5.png Fig. 6. Detection rates of each attack by each classifier regarding the multiclass dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-of-the-dataset-22crqcs9.png Table 1 Features of the dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-achieved-for-the-modified-two-class-dataset-90ho1mdg.png Fig. 4. Results achieved for the modified two-class dataset with an attack prevalence of 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graphical-comparison-of-the-classifi-1p963rrv.png Fig. 5. Graphical comparison of the classifi https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-combustion-mechanisms-using-global-uncertainty-v7w40nl9lb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-presents-a-comparison-between-the-experimental-41cpcu56.png Figure 1 presents a comparison between the experimental species mole fraction profiles from the flow reactor, and simulations using the three mechanisms. In addition to the single profiles from the three base mechanisms, output distributions are shown reflecting the impact of input uncertainties. The solid lines represent the experimentally measured profiles, and the dashed lines show the profiles using the original parameters within each mechanism. Experimental errors were reported11 for H2O2 and are represented by the shaded region in Fig. 1c. For each of the three mechanisms, there is an over prediction of H2O2 which is consistent with the previous findings of Liu et al. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-daily-home-spirometry-for-school-children-with-4bs1s5lq44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-group-characteristics-2qfw2e8i.png TABLE 1— Study Group Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-continued-2vy8mme5.png Fig. 1. (Continued ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-acceptability-and-reproducibility-criteria-17f17ztk.png TABLE 2— Acceptability and Reproducibility Criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-compliance-acceptability-and-repeatability-of-self-2mq9a552.png TABLE 7— Compliance, Acceptability and Repeatability of Self-Administered Spirometry: Differences by Panel, Age, Controller Medication Use and Lung Function https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-acceptability-and-repeatability-of-self-administered-2suewlvw.png TABLE 4— Acceptability and Repeatability of Self-Administered Spirometry for Daily Compared with Weekly Staff Follow-Up* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-variables-for-the-quality-of-the-31qfi4pz.png TABLE 3— Distribution of Variables for the Quality of the Best Maneuver1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-causes-of-visual-rejection-of-maneuvers-that-met-18eb7nmh.png TABLE 6— Causes of Visual Rejection of Maneuvers That Met Acceptability Criteria https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-curves-with-visual-scoring-errors-a-1x0gqkwp.png Fig. 1. (Continued ) https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-eleven-immunochromatographic-assays-for-sars-xrv8lj2lbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-instructions-of-eleven-immunochromatographic-28trv1yp.png Table 1. Instructions of eleven immunochromatographic (colloidal gold) tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evaluation-of-samples-collected-more-than-10-days-2r3l6flw.png Table 3. Evaluation of samples collected more than 10 days after the beginning of symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evaluation-of-cross-reactivity-between-dengue-and-2mjve9m1.png Table 4. Evaluation of cross-reactivity between Dengue and COVID-19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quality-measurements-of-immunochromatographic-assays-2ogy2pa4.png Table 2. Quality measurements of immunochromatographic assays https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-factors-influencing-driveway-accidents-interim-5aa754fk2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-variations-in-the-coefficient-of-x-g-the-total-2g5lv8yi.png Table 13. Variations in the Coefficient of X,g, the Total Number of Intersections Per MiTe, for Ten High https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-splitting-commercial-driveways-per-mile-into-3fnvn5je.png Table 11. Splitting Commercial Driveways Per Mile Into Intervals for the Interaction Analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-variations-in-the-coefficient-of-x-r-the-total-34kbpmon.png Table 15. Variations in the Coefficient of X ~ r > the Total Number of Driveways Per Mile, for Ten High https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-driveway-accidents-per-mile-commercial-driveways-per-2n0b1g11.png Table 6. Driveway Accidents Per Mile,, Commercial Driveways Per Mile, and ADT as a Function of the Number of https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-roadway-sections-displaying-significant-variance-in-3w3wkh9i.png Table 5. Roadway Sections Displaying Significant Variance in 3 Year Accident History. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-initial-analysis-order-of-entering-variables-lehivwza.png Table 10. Initial Analysis-Order of Entering Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-range-of-significant-variables-variable-maximum-os7pfq56.png Table 16. Range of Significant Variables. Variable Maximum Minimum Range https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-variations-in-the-coefficient-of-x-2-the-number-of-cny5fnfk.png Table 14. Variations in the Coefficient of X 2 ? , the Number of Commercial Driveways Per Mile, Tor Ten High https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-effective-stress-along-the-border-of-lateral-3c8bsl1xuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-position-of-maximum-principal-stress-and-the-maximum-17p6ssmf.png Fig. 11 Position of maximum principal stress and the maximum effective stress for a sharp notch perpendicular to the load direction (a) and for an inclined sharp notch (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-local-coordinate-systems-for-sharp-notches-a-notch-7xjbgg54.png Fig. 10 Local coordinate systems for sharp notches: a) notch perpendicular to the load direction; b) inclined notch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stress-field-along-the-bisector-principal-stress-s1-abc2u7l6.png Fig. 1 Stress field along the bisector. Principal stress σ1, and effective stress σeff. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shapes-and-dimensions-of-defects-in-a-cylindrical-body-1kdpj5go.png Fig. 2 Shapes and dimensions of defects in a cylindrical body under tensile loading experimental analysed by Lorenzino et al.9 (dimension in millilitres) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-isolines-of-first-principal-stress-in-non-dimensional-2zfhjpmg.png Fig. 12 Isolines of first principal stress in non-dimensional form σ1 /σnom for a rounded notch ((H-r)/c = 0.95, r/c = 0.05, axis scale in millimetres). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-coordinate-system-used-for-the-representation-of-1kqq2wnt.png Fig. 13 Coordinate system used for the representation of maximum stress point location in rounded notches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mesh-used-in-fe-analysis-4lu8x6sq.png Fig. 4 Mesh used in FE analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cracks-nucleated-near-the-notch-tip-observed-at-the-10i3mrz7.png Fig. 3 Cracks nucleated near the notch tip observed at the fatigue limit in JIS-S15C by Lorenzino et al.9 (defect rotated at a tilt angle Φ and zoom at notch tip). https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-individual-monitoring-in-mixed-neutron-photon-42qoct13yt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reference-values-for-two-points-of-the-mol-campaign-1wfu6as8.png Table 1. Reference values for two points of the Mol campaign for the neutron component [measured with Bonner spheres (BS) and the directional spectrometer (DS)] and for the photon component (measured with the FHT 191 ionisation chamber). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectral-neutron-fluence-lethargy-representation-at-1f0vkq0j.png Figure 1. Spectral neutron fluence (lethargy representation) at unshielded MOX rods in a rack (BN point 2A). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-area-monitor-results-for-two-points-at-the-mol-3v6339h2.png Table 2. Area monitor results for two points at the Mol campaign (including standard uncertainties). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-personal-dosemeter-readings-at-point-2a-in-2kzxzoun.png Figure 3. Personal dosemeter readings at point 2A in Belgonucléaire (Non-shielded MOX-rack). The dashed and dotted lines indicate the reference values for _Hp(10) and _H (10), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-irradiation-damage-effect-by-applying-electric-28n02rl1os 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-irradiation-history-of-lyra-3-32o5rat9.png Table 1. Irradiation History of LYRA 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resistivity-decrease-versus-transition-temperature-3tvnikm5.png Figure 5. Resistivity decrease versus Transition Temperature shifts for the Nickel rich model alloys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-resistivity-decrease-versus-transition-temperature-h9arwbc8.png Figure 6. Resistivity decrease versus Transition Temperature shifts for the Very Low Nickel model alloys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-steam-measuring-device-20f6b4bh.png Figure 1. STEAM Measuring Device https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-s-p-ratio-change-versus-transition-temperature-3c5j5813.png Figure 7. S/p ratio change versus Transition Temperature shift https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grouping-criteria-of-the-model-ahoys-3fao94xk.png Table 2. Grouping Criteria of the Model AHoys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adbtt-versus-asteam-for-medium-nickel-content-i0s9r4ci.png Figure 3. ADBTT versus ASTEAM for Medium Nickel content https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-adbtt-versus-asteam-for-very-low-nickel-content-18izog3w.png Figure 2. ADBTT versus ASTEAM for Very Low Nickel content https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-liver-graft-donation-after-euthanasia-2azyi3n5yk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recipient-and-surgical-demographic-characteristics-3r3cfw29.png Table 2. Recipient and Surgical Demographic Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-postoperative-demographic-characteristics-and-1y4g8hwa.png Table 3. Postoperative Demographic Characteristics and Complications https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-donor-demographic-characteristics-373q783a.png Table 1. Donor Demographic Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-curve-of-recipient-survival-from-liver-90mgvdeu.png Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier Curve of Recipient Survival From Liver Graft Donation After Circulatory Death Type V (DCD-V) vs Type III (DCD-III) https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-short-term-fish-reproductive-bioassays-for-3mnl0gu94n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-egg-production-per-female-per-day-in-a-the-2kn68z09.png Fig. 2. Mean egg production per female per day in A) the fathead minnow medium-term test, B) the fathead minnow short-term test, C) the mummichog reproduction test, and D) the zebrafi sh reproduction test. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean and asterisks represent signifi cant differences from the control group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cumulative-egg-production-in-a-the-fathead-minnow-2j5fcqd7.png Fig. 1. Cumulative egg production in A) the fathead minnow medium-term test, B) the fathead minnow short-term test, C) the mummichog reproduction test, and D) the zebrafi sh reproduction test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-goldfi-sh-testes-androgen-receptor-binding-and-goldfi-en61h6c8.png Fig. 3. Goldfi sh testes androgen receptor binding and goldfi sh sex steroid binding protein binding of La Tuque effl uent extracts over the course of the studies. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-novel-carbamate-insecticides-for-neurotoxicity-2wdfgsllfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-summary-of-the-multiple-sequence-alignment-using-5-mx9bbrxj.png Table 3-4. Summary of the multiple sequence alignment using 5 different animal species’ acetylcholinesterases’ protein sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-10-structure-of-mipafox-n-n-p9amq1ta.png Figure 1-10. Structure of Mipafox (N,N'-diisopropylphosphorodiamidic fluoride) (left) and Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) (diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate) (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-ic50-and-selectivity-index-data-obtained-from-6-g13hidbq.png Table 3-2. IC50 and selectivity index data obtained from 6 non-target species acetylcholinesterases using dilution with constant DMSO concentration for Ellman assay dilution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-8-acetylcholine-hydrolysis-by-acetylcholinesterase-2lx8q0ka.png Figure 1-8. Acetylcholine hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-ic50-obtained-from-9-commercial-carbamate-2hcphth6.png Table 3-1. IC50 obtained from 9 commercial carbamate insecticides tested on untreated male ICR mouse brain cortex homogenate, recombinant mouse, and recombinant human acetylcholinesterase. Dilution without constant DMSO concentration dilution method was used for Ellman assay dilution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-cladogram-comparing-the-relationships-between-31d7kf5j.png Figure 3-4. Cladogram comparing the relationships between acetylcholinesterases from five animals. Results summary and phylogram tree were automatically generated by ClustalW2EMBL-EBI (The European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalw2/). Mus = mouse, Homo = human, Torpedo = T. californica, Electrophorus = E. electricus, and Gallus = hen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-structure-of-neuropathic-and-non-neuropathic-2hvin9vd.png Table 1-1. Structure of neuropathic and non-neuropathic organophosphate compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-9-diagram-demonstrating-the-reaction-between-serine-5f68i5zd.png Figure 1-9. Diagram demonstrating the reaction between serine hydrolase (acetylcholinesterase) and a carbamate. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-kriging-techniques-for-high-level-radioactive-5ai1lm1yqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-d-reservation-1ygmdvbe.png FIGURE 6 d Reservation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dv4g8ov9.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-h-wells-d-h-drograp-1973-hanfor-y-xhjt29ts.png FIGURE 7 h Wells d H drograp 1973 Hanfor y https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2f3njgwa.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-23oeqvjk.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-contour-map-of-kriging-standard-errors-of-1yq9u6iw.png FIGURE 11 Contour Map of Kriging Standard Errors of September 1973 Hanford Water Potential Surface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-contour-map-of-kriging-standard-errors-of-january-ih48s68o.png FIGURE 19 Contour Map of Kriging Standard Errors of January 1975 Hanford Water Potential Surface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-ckxk6uts.png FIGURE 21 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-simulation-based-optimization-in-grafting-2a780lawgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-snapshot-of-simulation-run-for-cellular-where-a-1yr33wp5.png Figure 4. A snapshot of simulation run for cellular, where a worker handles all tasks relating to grafting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impact-of-problem-scale-on-computation-time-lichgcg2.png Figure 8. Impact of problem scale on computation time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-solution-of-optimize-then-simulate-approach-w41eoavn.png Figure 7. The solution of “optimize then simulate” approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-anova-in-order-to-test-the-equality-of-x08l3iec.png Table 4. Results of ANOVA in order to test the equality of estimated means for cost per plant in each workflow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normal-probability-plots-for-the-simulated-results-20y6i02f.png Figure 6. Normal probability plots for the simulated results for all the configurations suggested by information sources. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tukeys-studentized-range-test-to-identify-the-groups-tq6s2pue.png Table 5. Tukey’s studentized range test to identify the groups with different cost per plant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kolmogorov-smirnov-anderson-darling-and-chi-squared-1ymtlxyz.png Table 2. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, and Chi-Squared goodness of Fit tests to evaluate the distribution of the gathered data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-allocation-of-workers-by-all-three-information-3eb639xk.png Table 3. Allocation of workers by all three information sources (i.e., simulation based optimization, the scientist, and the manager) and the daily cost, length of shift and number of produced trays for each configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-stemflow-effects-on-the-spatial-distribution-4au4puk3ch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-size-distribution-jxdkwaez.png Table 1. Particle size distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measured-soil-water-content-simulated-soil-water-yxsphnuq.png Table 2. Measured soil water content, simulated soil water content and difference between measured and simulated soil water content [m3m-3] – Center pivot https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-soil-water-content-simulated-soil-water-10gide6z.png Table 3. Measured soil water content, simulated soil water content and difference between measured and simulated soil water content [m3m-3] – Traveling big gun system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-these-plots-show-the-results-of-the-adhydra-simulation-v09bp69v.png Fig. 7 These plots show the results of the ADHYDRA simulation of the water infiltration process during the center pivot irrigation event. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-stream-channelization-and-mitigation-on-the-o92cqz9hxj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-discharge-measurements-in-m-3-s-taken-on-1a0x63wj.png TABLE 8. SUMMARY OF DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS (IN M 3 /S) TAKEN ON THE ST. REGIS RIVER, 197 3-] 875. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-range-and-average-minimum-maximum-temperatures-from-8fmn8gze.png TABLE 6. RANGE AND AVERAGE MINIMUM-MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES FROM THREE RECORDING STATIONS ON THE ST. REGIS RIVER DURING THE SUMMERS OF 1974 AND 1975. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-estimated-fishing-pressure-observed-on-the-st-regis-1dzpfubx.png TABLE 10. ESTIMATED FISHING PRESSURE OBSERVED ON THE ST. REGIS RIVER FOR TWO PERIODS DURING THE SUMMERS OF 1974 AND 1975. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-sombo-flats-associated-with-environmental-99i79l9hjf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-outsiders-who-trade-in-the-sombo-flat-source-survey-2sa2jxjo.png Figure 7. Outsiders Who Trade in The Sombo Flat Source: Survey Results, 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-motorcycles-belonging-to-the-residents-of-sombo-2srccmw0.png Figure 4. Motorcycles Belonging to The Residents of Sombo Flats as One of The Transportation They Use (Survey results, 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-life-of-the-residents-of-sombo-flats-survey-results-2lhi8epi.png Figure 3. Life of The Residents Of Sombo Flats (Survey results, 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sombo-flat-condition-is-still-slum-snd-irregular-8ppfqajq.png Figure 6. Sombo Flat Condition is Still Slum snd Irregular (Source: survey results, 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-of-sombo-flats-source-google-earth-132vlrsq.png Figure 1. Layout of Sombo Flats (Source: google earth) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-four-wheeled-vehicle-that-parks-the-vehicle-on-qwzr36n7.png Figure 8. The Four-Wheeled Vehicle That Parks The Vehicle on The Side of The Sombo Flat Road (Source: survey results, 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-number-of-additions-and-changes-to-the-sombo-flats-17ags2g1.png Figure 9. Number of Additions and Changes to The Sombo Flats Facade (Source: Survey Results, 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-drainage-conditions-in-sombo-flats-source-survey-a6535fvh.png Figure 5. Drainage Conditions In Sombo Flats (Source: survey results, 2012) https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-temperature-changes-in-the-pulp-chamber-during-4a60gonm81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-group-design-244empxz.png Fig. 2. Group design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mechanism-of-the-measurement-of-intrapulpal-1cf5bypc.png Fig. 1. Mechanism of the measurement of intrapulpal temperature changes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-mean-and-standard-deviations-of-the-temperature-2g4wsqzx.png Table 3. The mean and standard deviations of the temperature rise for all groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-t-test-values-of-light-curing-units-for-tooth-groups-3hmx7uim.png Table 5. T test values of light curing units for tooth groups. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-3d-fractal-dimension-as-a-marker-of-1nnq64j8mb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optimal-k-ranges-in-massive-and-msc-data-sets-3bpxqe1y.png Figure 8: Optimal k-ranges in MASSIVE and MSC data sets. Panels A and B display the optimal spatial scales across all fractal dimension estimations in the MASSIVE data set for rst volume and FLAIR registration. Panel C quanti es how many of the ten volumes in each image analysis group yielded the same respective optimal k-ranges as a measure of scale dispersion. Reregistration shifted this distribution to the right, re ecting increased consistency of repeated optimization results. Panels D and F show the absolute frequencies of optimal spatial scales in the MSC data set for rst volume and MNI registration (single bars represent subjects and stacks represent image analysis groups for each subject). There was notable similarity to the MASSIVE data in scale selectivity and distribution by image analysis groups, especially regarding skeleton models vs. unskeletonized images. Panel F represents the consistency distribution over subjects in the MSC data. Note that only subjects 8 and 6 underwent acquisition runs 5 and 6, respectively (indicated by * and #), while all other subjects had four acquisition runs, and thus 4 represents the maximum repeatedoptimization consistency for those subjects. GM: gray matter; bin: binary tissue segmentation; pve: partial volume estimates; Skel: skeleton model; WM: white matter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-between-registration-comparison-of-fractal-dimension-1drogs3c.png Table I: Between-registration comparison of fractal dimension di erences and structural similarity in the MASSIVE data set. The table represents the mean ∆FD and SSIM values in the rst volume and FLAIR-registered data set compared by the Wilcoxon rank sum test. All p-values are Bonferroni-Holm-corrected for multiple comparisons (pcorr). GM: gray matter; bin: binary tissue segmentation; pve: partial volume estimates; Skel: skeleton model; SSIM: structural similarity index; WM: white matter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fractal-dimension-di-erences-and-structural-399lwx7a.png Figure 9: Fractal dimension di erences and structural similarity in the MASSIVE highresolution T1 images ( rst volume registration). Panel A displays the k −means clustering results within each analysis group. For all possible 45 comparisons, the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) between two input volumes was computed and related to the di erence in the corresponding fractal dimensions (∆FD). Numbers indicate which of the ten volumes were compared, with indices running from 0 to 9 to avoid triple digits. For rst volume registration, ∆FD/SSIM pairs showed strong clustering, and there was a systematic e ect of comparisons involving the rst volume (the original registration target, indexed by 0) for most image analysis groups. In these groups, clusters were driven by di erences in both ∆FD and SSIM , and this induced strong negative associations between di erences in fractal dimension and structural similarity (panel B). This e ect, however, was attenuated by reregistration (see g. 10 and main text). ∆FD: absolute di erence in fractal dimension between two compared volumes; GM: gray matter; bin: binary tissue segmentation; pve: partial volume estimates; Skel: skeleton model; SSIM Structural Similarity Index between two compared volumes; WM: white matter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exemplary-identi-cation-of-a-within-group-deviation-1c0bc5f0.png Figure 4: Exemplary identi cation of a within-group deviation. The data presented here belongs to the high-resolution T1 GM_pve images in the MASSIVE data set. If the fractal dimension of an image was identi ed to deviate from the remaining analysis group according to the chosen deviation criterion, the corresponding volume was agged (indicated here by #). In this case, the FD value belonging to the rst scan was agged, and its deviation from the remaining samples is visible from panel A. Note that in panel B, the variance of the jackknife mean without this agged volume is notably smaller, although this did not reach signi cance level in multivariate variance comparison. Panel C shows the corresponding quantilequantile plot. Although the agged FD only deviates by about 0.05 from the other FD estimates, normality assessment suggests that assuming an underlying Gaussian distribution is not recommendable. Clearly, however, the remaining samples tightly follow the normality reference and discarding the agged FD indeed restores the acceptance of composite normality. Furthermore, non-parametric comparison between the tted distributions with and without the agged volume yielded insigni cant results, exempli ed here in panel D. CI: con dence interval; PDF: probability density function; SD: standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-parameter-dependent-comparison-of-the-fractal-24hqtrn7.png Figure 12: Parameter-dependent comparison of the fractal dimension estimates in the MSC data set. Panels A and B visualize the comparisons of the mean fractal dimension estimates over image analysis groups in rst volume and MNI registration, respectively. Horizontal bars re ect pair-wise significance levels. Comparisons for binary-segmented images (second bar in each subpanel) invariably yielded the same signi cance levels as the partial volume estimates ( rst bar) so they were omitted here for visual coherence. Note that while image registration had a profound impact on the absolute fractal dimension estimates, the relative impact of sequence weighting, spatial resolution, segmentation procedure, tissue type, and skeletonization was essentially unaltered by registration. ns: not signi cant; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001; bin: binary tissue segmentation; GM: gray matter; pve: partial volume estimates; Skel: skeleton model; WM: white matter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-main-steps-of-within-group-deviation-analysis-the-q8iumlmf.png Figure 3: Main steps of within-group deviation analysis. The gure displays the deviation analysis for the exemplary analysis group of low-resolution T2 WM partial volume estimates in the MASSIVE data set. Panel A shows a near-uniform resampling distribution for bootstrapping, indicating the absence of a priori weights. Panel B displays the bootstrapped mean fractal dimensions as well as the resulting 99 % con dence interval and average over all bootstrapped means. Panel C plots the raw estimates for the ten scans in the data set and their sample mean, together with the bootstrapped con dence interval and the intervals spanning one and two standard deviations, respectively. Panel D represents the jackknife means, i.e. systematic resampling, where each of the ten raw was iteratively omitted to compute the mean over the remaining nine samples. Levene's test to see if the variances of the thus obtained means signi cantly di ered from one another was insigni cant. Panel E shows a quantile-quantile plot for the original data vs. a tted normal distribution, where a theoretical Gaussian would precisely follow the reference line. The values of the current analysis group reasonably adhere to this reference, and the test decision suggested that assuming composite normality was acceptable. Panel F shows the corresponding estimated normal distribution together with the cluster of the sampled FDs. The same procedure was applied to all 32 analysis groups in both the MASSIVE and the MSC data sets. CI: con dence interval; FD: fractal dimension; PDF: probability density function; SD: standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-deviation-analysis-across-the-massive-and-msc-data-2k0zxd23.png Figure 5: Deviation analysis across the MASSIVE and MSC data sets. Panels A and B depict sampling deviations by volume and analysis group in the MASSIVE data set in the original rst volume registration and after reregistration to the mean FLAIR images. Panels C and D relate the results by volumes and subjects in the Midnight Scan Club (MSC) data in rst volume and MNI registration. Note that only subjects 8 and 6 underwent acquisition runs 5 and 6, respectively (indicated by * and #), while all other subjects had four acquisition runs. Panels E and F resolve the MSC deviations by analysis groups in the two registrations. The original registration resulted in a deviation cluster around the registration target in both the MASSIVE and the MSC data. This e ect was abolished by reregistration in both data sets. High-resolution images were more susceptible to the registration e ect, and skeleton models were more prone to deviations than unskeletonized images. GM: gray matter; bin: binary tissue segmentation; pve: partial volume estimates; Skel: skeleton model; WM: white matter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exemplary-within-subject-analysis-of-fractal-3d1v8lge.png Figure 2: Exemplary within-subject analysis of fractal dimension and structural similarity in the MSC data set. Panel A relates the k−means clustering of ∆FD/SSIM pairs for all possible withinsubject comparisons in the high-resolution T1 images of the rst subject in the MSC data set. There was an indication of target-induced clustering (panel A) entailing across-cluster associations (panel B) in rst volume registration as well as the attenuation thereof in MNI registration (panels C and D), similar to the ndings in the MASSIVE data. However, as there were only four repeated acquisitions, the number of possible within-subject comparisons was limited to ( 4 2 ) = 6, as opposed to 45 per analysis group in the MASSIVE data. GM: gray matter; bin: binary tissue segmentation; pve: partial volume estimates; SSIM: structural similarity index; WM: white matter. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-modern-luque-trolley-construct-for-the-5gk82rzxpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trolley-gliding-vehicle-design-38rzj3sk.png Figure 2. Trolley Gliding Vehicle design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-final-modern-luque-trolley-construct-implanted-with-321he9vm.png Figure 4. Final Modern Luque Trolley Construct implanted with proximal and distal fusion and middle gliding implants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-microradiograph-and-histology-imaging-cu74qs4t.png Figure 8. Microradiograph and histology imaging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transmuscular-approach-middle-thoracic-spine-with-6-2iyo8oz9.png Figure 3. Transmuscular approach: Middle thoracic spine with 6 Trolley screws inserted via muscle sparing approach spanning 5 levels - Open cable tie with polyethylene liner showing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-imaging-adverse-sheet-documentation-identifying-2perb1gq.png Figure 7. Imaging adverse sheet documentation identifying mobile and fused facets, altered disc height. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-mucoadhesive-properties-of-chitosan-18y3cyyh1p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zeta-potential-values-obtained-for-mucin-chitosan-3kuuzxak.png Figure 2: Zeta potential values obtained for mucin, chitosan and native chitosan nanoparticles 375 (black columns) and chitosan nanoparticle-mucin mixtures (white columns) at 37 °C. All 376 values represent the mean ± 2SD (n = 3). 377 378 Chitosan has a mucoadhesive properties, therefore it would be expected that the surface charge 379 of chitosan nanoparticles might be changed by the adhesion of mucin and in this case a decrease 380 in -potential was observed upon mixing with mucin at all CS:TPP ratios (Figure 2). The 381 occurrence of such change was detected by measuring the changes in -potential of chitosan 382 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mucin-binding-efficiency-adsorption-of-chitosan-igjnyigo.png Figure 3: Mucin binding efficiency (adsorption) of chitosan nanoparticles of different CS:TPP 468 ratios. All values represent the mean ± 2SD (n = 3). 469 470 The mucin binding efficiency (mucin adsorbed onto the chitosan nanoparticle surface) 471 increased from 80 ± 3 % to 89 ± 5 % (p < 0.05) as CS:TPP ratio increased from 3:1 to 4:1 472 (Figure 3). However, it was demonstrated that, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) 473 in the mucin binding efficiency values (~95 %) when increase in CS:TPP ratios from 5:1 to 474 7:1. This result may be attributed to more NH3+ functional groups being present to interact with 475 the sialic acid residues on mucin. This also agrees with the findings from -potential which 476 suggests a large amount of mucin has been bound to the nanoparticles at CS:TPP ratios greater 477 than 3:1 and that native CS:TPP nanoparticles of ratios from 5:1 to 7:1 were shown to have 478 more available surface charges (> +39 mV). Based on these observations the chemical 479 interaction between the CS: TPP nanoparticles is shown diagrammatically in Figure 4. In this 480 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagrammatic-representation-of-the-interaction-3rd4b9wn.png Figure 4: Diagrammatic representation of the interaction between CS:TPP nanoparticles and 484 mucin. For simplicity and clarity, the CS:TPP nanoparticles are represented as spheres with 485 chitosan residues on the exterior and only the negatively charged sialic acid residues are shown 486 in the mucin (N.B. sizes of residues and nanoparticles are not to scale). Adapted from [55]. At 487 lower CS:TPP ratios, for example 3:1 there will be less chitosan (positive charge) on the 488 nanoparticle surface which may lead to an excess of mucin and potentially aggregation due to 489 mucin bridges between nanoparticles [56] or due to nanoparticle instability if the zeta potential 490 is in the range -30 mV – +30 mV. 491 492 It is known that the smaller particles are able to penetrate to the sub-mucosal layers whereas 493 the larger particles are localised in the epithelial lining [57]. Based on our results an optimal 494 minimum chitosan nanoparticle CS:TPP ratio of 4:1 is required to interact with mucin, 495 nanoparticles with lower amounts of chitosan are unstable and prone to aggregation. The -496 potential of 4:1 mixture is +31.3 mV (Figure 2), its particle size is the smallest and has lowest 497 PDI value (Table 1). At 4:1 there are sufficient levels of CS:TPP particles for the mucin to 498 interact with. This result may be attributed to a critical point of binding to sialic acid being 499 saturated at the CS:TPP ratio of 4:1 and all of the mucin being adsorbed on to the particles. 500 Although not significant statistically the CS:TPP ratio of 6:1 appears to be particularly 501 interesting as at this ratio there is the greatest difference in relative viscosity upon the 502 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-viscosity-of-mucin-chitosan-native-3exfyid3.png Figure 1: Relative viscosity of mucin, chitosan, native chitosan nanoparticles (black columns) 319 and chitosan nanoparticle-mucin mixtures (white columns) at 37 °C. All values represent the 320 mean ± 2SD (n = 3). The deviations from the theoretical viscosity of no interaction were -27.7, 321 -25.5, -24.9, -23.3 and -20.6 % for CS: TPP ratios of 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1 and 7:1, respectively. 322 323 When chitosan nanoparticles were mixed with mucin at different CS:TPP ratios (3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 324 6:1 and 7:1), the formation of chitosan nanoparticles-mucin interaction products were 325 determined on the basis of the changes in relative viscosities of the nanoparticle-mucin 326 mixtures [43]. The relative viscosity of chitosan nanoparticle (CS:TPP)-mucin mixtures 327 increased with increasing CS:TPP ratios (Figure 1). 328 329 Increasing the CS:TPP ratio (no mucin), caused an increase in relative viscosity which was 330 expected due to the increased concentration of chitosan used (higher charge on chitosan 331 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-size-and-polydispersity-index-of-chitosan-v6as8mcg.png Table 1: Particle size and polydispersity index of chitosan TPP nanoparticles (CSNPs) in the 426 presence and absence of mucin. 427 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-anti-oxidant-properties-of-a-sod-mimic-mn-4guvrmudni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-extracellular-superoxide-amount-for-n-6-3ero7kyj.png Figure 2. Mean extracellular superoxide amount for n=6 independent experiments under several conditions: control (A), IFN γ /LPS/PMA 30 (B), IFN γ/LPS/PMA + 1 10µM (C), IFN γ /LPS/PMA + MnCl2 10 µM (D), IFN γ/LPS/PMA + SOD 100 U/mL (E). Error bars represent SEM. This experiment reveals the intracellular activity of 1 (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematical-structure-of-complex-1-used-as-28tr8rnb.png Figure 1: Schematical structure of complex 1, used as hexafluorophosphate derivative. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-amounts-fmol-of-ros-rns-species-h2o2-onoo-no-38m1wxqj.png Figure 3. Mean amounts (fmol) of ROS/RNS species (H2O2, ONOO-, NO and NO2-) measured per single cell over a 1 h period through electrochemical detection at four different potentials. Original fluxes (labelled “ini”) can be reconstructed for superoxide and nitric oxide (see Supp. Mat. for details). Single cell measurements were performed 30 on RAW 264.7 macrophages activated by IFN-γ/LPS - PMA and pretreated with (gray bar) or without (white bar) 10 µM of 1 during 24h. The results correspond to 30 independent amperometric measurements per potential. Error bars represent SEM (n=30cells). See Table S1 and figure S9 for fluxes in the case of MnCl2. 35 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-topical-antifungal-products-in-an-in-vitro-2dh67zz0m9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biological-activity-of-excilor-r-nailner-r-and-39905l2z.png Figure 1: Biological activity of Excilor®, Nailner® and reference drug Loceryl® and the absence of activity of 179 vehicle, Naloc®, Mycosan®, Boots®, Kruidvat®, and Scholl® against T. mentagrophytes after 7 days of 180 incubation (2 independent experiments, 3 repeats). 181 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-ingredients-of-nail-formulations-using-natural-l59s98bv.png Table 2: Main ingredients of nail formulations, using natural/cosmetic ingredients. 177 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-ingredients-of-nail-formulations-containing-25oe3e72.png Table 1: Main ingredients of nail formulations, containing organic acids. 175 https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-of-the-prognostic-value-of-the-risk-injury-2edmccdqm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-903-patients-according-to-each-18pwwkrk.png Table 1. Characteristics of 903 patients, according to each risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage renal failure (RIFLE) category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-receiver-operator-curve-roc-analysis-for-rifle-1i3zj5ya.png Figure 4. Receiver–operator curve (ROC) analysis for RIFLE criteria, Liano score, and RIFLE criteria and Liano score combined. Area under the ROC for RIFLE criteria: 0.69. Area under the ROC curve for Liano score: 0.78. Area under the ROC curve for RIFLE criteria and Liano score combined: 0.80. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calibration-curves-for-rifle-criteria-the-1fyyz8he.png Figure 3. Calibration curves for RIFLE criteria. The continuous diagonal line is the line of ideal prediction (predicted mortality = observed mortality) for RIFLE criteria (□). Calibration curves below the diagonal line indicate that actual mortality was greater than the predicted. AKI, acute kidney injury; F, failure; I, injury; R, risk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adjusted-hazard-ratios-hr-for-in-hospital-mortality-1ml65emn.png Figure 1. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for in-hospital mortality according to Liano score (LS) and risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage renal failure (RIFLE) categories. HR were adjusted for age, sex, Liano score, prior food intake, need of renal replacement therapy, chronic renal failure, cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), Karnofsky score, oncologic disease and admission type (surgical or not). *P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sixty-day-survival-after-starting-the-nephrology-1buofbpn.png Figure 2. Sixty day survival after starting the nephrology consultation according to the RIFLE classes. Log–rank test, P < 0.01. AKI, acute kidney injury; F, failure; I, injury; R, risk. https://scispace.com/papers/evaluation-use-in-evaluation-systems-the-case-of-the-3cs6r96885 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ten-evaluation-use-types-1eryzxdh.png Table 1 The ten evaluation use types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-eu-evaluation-system-1g6nd8vb.png Figure 2 EU evaluation system https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1-periods-of-implementing-evaluation-in-the-y09qy1qe.png Table 8-1 Periods of implementing evaluation in the Commission https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-four-ideal-typical-adoption-modes-and-5z952mzv.png Table 2 Overview of four ideal typical adoption modes and the associated expected evaluation uses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-difference-between-evaluation-system-and-36ni9bw6.png Table 3-1 Difference between evaluation system and organisational field https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predictors-of-institutional-adaptation-adapted-from-3pxr2cq7.png Table 1 The ten evaluation use types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-most-mentioned-evaluation-use-types-and-328stwf5.png Table 6 Summary of most mentioned evaluation use types and explanatory factors per user group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-overview-of-the-way-gaps-are-addressed-in-the-2civtme9.png Table 1-1 Overview of the way gaps are addressed in the articles https://scispace.com/papers/evasion-planning-for-autonomous-vehicles-at-intersections-54jiaochlk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-procedure-of-the-incident-handler-7tamkk5w.png Fig. 7. The procedure of the incident handler. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-all-stop-strategy-versus-evasion-planning-200t6fxy.png Fig. 1. All-stop strategy versus evasion planning. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-robots-used-in-our-testbed-in-their-final-1kg8vip6.png Fig. 8. The robots used in our testbed in their final orientation. The robot on the right entered the intersection first but suffered a mechanical breakdown. The robot on the left executes an evasion plan that causes it to steer to the left thereby avoiding collision with the first robot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-collision-due-to-the-lack-of-space-for-evasive-1zquhjvs.png Fig. 2. A collision due to the lack of space for evasive actions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-vehicles-space-time-request-has-no-conflicts-at-27j39cxr.png Fig. 3. (a) The vehicles’ space-time request has no conflicts at time t. (b) The vehicle’s request is rejected because at time t of its simulated trajectory, the vehicle requires a tile already reserved by another vehicle. The yellow area represents the space buffer of the vehicle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-request-handler-in-the-modified-aim-protocol-yphoq0r5.png Fig. 4. The request handler in the modified AIM protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-procedure-for-updating-the-evasion-plan-database-jqlsi0q6.png Fig. 5. The procedure for updating the evasion plan database. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-search-procedure-for-finding-an-evasion-plan-5l8oogwp.png Fig. 6. The search procedure for finding an evasion plan. https://scispace.com/papers/event-related-repetitive-tms-reveals-distinct-critical-roles-4spf9r564t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-three-faceselective-regions-of-interest-rois-15tmmq34.png Figure 2. The three faceselective regions of interest (ROIs) for a single participant in the TMS experiment (right OFA, right STS, left STS), as defined by a faces > objects functional localizer in a separate fMRI experiment (unsmoothed data; p < .01, uncorrected; cluster size > 5 voxels). As illustrated here, the functional scan for each participant was overlaid on that personʼs native structural MR scan. TMS sites at the locations on the skull corresponding to these ROIs were confirmed using frameless stereotaxy. Five of the 12 participants did not show face-selective activity in the left STS. (See main text for further details.) Scale: t-values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-quantile-plots-for-the-a-sex-judgment-and-b-2wqd8en7.png Figure 5. Quantile plots for the (A) sex judgment and (B) trustworthiness judgment tasks, showing the rTMS effects (in milliseconds) for the right OFA (gray line and squares) and the right STS (black line and diamonds) relative to sham stimulation. The rTMS effects were calculated by subtracting each sham stimulation quantile RT from the corresponding quantile RT for the right OFA or right STS conditions, then averaging these differences across participants. Error bars represent ±1 SEM across participants (n = 12). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mni-coordinates-of-the-peak-face-selective-voxel-for-2dctop2q.png Table 2. MNI Coordinates of the Peak Face-selective Voxel for Each Region of Interest in Each Participant https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-mean-rts-for-each-task-as-a-function-of-tms-2nnd11pi.png Figure 3. (A) Mean RTs for each task, as a function of TMS condition and the sex and trustworthiness of the faces. (B) Mean RTs collapsed across task and TMS condition, to illustrate the significant Sex × Trustworthiness interaction. (C) Mean RTs collapsed across trustworthiness of the faces, to illustrate the significant Task × TMS condition × Sex interaction. The data plotted here for the trustworthiness task are based on the predetermined classification of trustworthiness from the Oosterhof and Todorov (2008) stimuli used as a criterion for accuracy. Error bars represent ±1 SEM across participants (n = 12). Prior to statistical analyses, RTs were inverse-transformed. *Significantly different at p < .05; **significantly different at p < .01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-tms-effect-for-rts-change-relative-to-the-sham-9bol4byu.png Figure 4. Mean TMS effect for RTs (% change relative to the sham stimulation baseline), as a function of task, sex of the face, and TMS site. For the trustworthiness task, the data plotted are based on the predetermined classification of trustworthiness from the Oosterhof and Todorov (2008) stimuli. Error bars represent ±1 SEM across participants (n= 12). *Significantly different at p < .05; §significantly greater than 0 at p < .01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-numbers-of-female-and-male-face-images-for-each-2r7jmpfb.png Table 1. The Numbers of Female and Male Face Images for Each of the Predetermined Levels of Trustworthiness in the Set of 160 Stimuli Used in the Present Study https://scispace.com/papers/event-driven-loop-closure-in-multi-robot-mapping-41wdetgjjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-real-data-outdoors-experiment-with-2-robots-the-figure-i6fsyhzq.png Fig. 8. Real-data outdoors experiment with 2 robots. The figure shows the final global level and the robot’s trajectories in blue (r1) and in red (r2) in wrf. The robot r2 jumps after the first rendez-vous is established and previously mapped local maps are re-localized at global level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-final-map-resulting-from-the-3-robots-exploration-the-3hoqw7yu.png Fig. 6. Final map resulting from the 3 robots exploration. The figure shows the 3D global map, local map origins and the final robots location in wrf. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-top-image-frames-from-both-robots-before-rendez-vous-13xf37ot.png Fig. 7. Top: Image frames from both robots before rendez-vous. Yellow squares represents a new interest point declared as a landmark, blue squares the currently tracked landmarks and yellow ellipses the uncertainty in the image view. The blue line grid is used to reduce the number of image features used as landmarks in each frame. Bottom: Rendez-vous effect in the global map, with the global level (large ellipsoids), the 3D points map without uncertainty and the final robots location in wrf. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-landmark-matching-simulation-results-for-one-aerial-68q0wjo5.png Fig. 4. Landmark matching simulation results for one aerial and one ground robots. See caption of Figure 3. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-for-the-3-robots-exploration-one-436hriqd.png Fig. 5. Simulation results for the 3 robots exploration; one aerial and two ground robots. See caption of Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rendez-vous-simulation-results-for-one-aerial-and-one-8f1yzdqt.png Fig. 3. Rendez-vous simulation results for one aerial and one ground robots. In a) the odometry is shown in green, real and estimated trajectories are shown in red and blue respectively. 3σ ellipsoids are plotted on the basis of each lrf. b) shows the global position errors for each robot and their global 3σ uncertainty bounds. c) shows the global orientation errors for each robot and their global 3σ uncertainty bounds (the jump on the yaw curve around t = 450 is due to a switch from −π to π). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-for-the-three-settings-1963q3p8.png TABLE I SIMULATION PARAMETERS FOR THE THREE SETTINGS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-loop-closure-events-for-multiple-maps-and-multiple-2hni6da8.png Fig. 1. Loop closure events for multiple maps and multiple robots. Here, the relative initial position of both robots is known (e.g. georeferenced): a single occurrence of an event generates a cycle in the multi-robot global graph. A new local map is started when the event occurs. https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-for-point-transformations-in-photoactive-molecular-3s1rv8fpgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-left-radial-intensity-profile-of-the-bragg-1qqtgql2.png Figure 8. (A, left) Radial intensity profile of the Bragg diffraction peak (2 2 1) at different time points measured at the time-resolving beamline ID09B, ESRF. At −100 ps and +100 ps, the Bragg diffraction peak of the monomer phase can be seen, whereas at 0 and 40 ps an additional contribution of the dimer phase to the Bragg diffraction peak can be identified with dimer domain formation larger than 14 nm. Due to a temperature-induced back transformation into the monomer state, the dimer contribution disappears until the time point +100 ps. (B, right) Intensity difference map of the collected Bragg reflection positive time points minus negative time point (−100 ps) emphasizing the ultrafast formation of a whole domain. Note that the difference map is evidently empty at t = −100 ps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-time-evolution-of-the-integral-intensity-of-the-2-2-3okjb6tb.png Figure 9. Time evolution of the integral intensity of the (2 2 1) dimer satellite peak at ultrafast time scales. The temporal fit is Gaussian shaped and 53 ps wide, resembling the time-resolution of the synchrotron experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-dimensional-graphic-of-the-experimental-setup-fnqjjfhc.png Figure 1. Three-dimensional graphic of the experimental setup used at the beamline D3, HASYLAB, Hamburg. The synchrotron beam (A) and the optical excitation light source (B) are almost collinear. The sample (C) is mounted on a 4-circle diffractometer (D) and the X-ray diffraction patterns are recorded using a MarCCD camera (E). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-of-molar-fraction-of-monomers-based-on-the-htkaei54.png Figure 3. Change of molar fraction of monomers based on the temperature-induced back transformation to the monomer state recorded at 500 K (triangles, black), 470 K (rhombs, red), 430 K (squares, blue), and 400 K (circles, green). The percentage of the monomer phase measured by optical absorption measurements at different temperature can be fitted by an S-shape function (red lines) and results in an average dimensionality of the transformation of 0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molar-fraction-of-dimers-as-a-function-of-i26xde9x.png Figure 2. Molar fraction of dimers as a function of irradiation time determined from X-ray diffraction studies (circles) and the decrease of the integral optical absorption (squares) with its maximum at 444 nm. The Avrami fits of the measurements lead to a dimensionality of 0.32 (X-ray diffraction measurement) and 0.13 (optical measurement), respectively. At low transformation degrees (<30%) the X-ray diffraction data can be treated by the diffuse plane analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bragg-diffraction-peaks-of-a-crystal-with-a-high-2tgb3w5v.png Figure 4. Bragg diffraction peaks of a crystal with a high monomer occupancy (93%, A) and a low monomer occupancy (35%, B). During the phase transformation, the diffuse planes change to Bragg peaks (1 6 −1) and (1 4 −1) of the dimer phase and the Bragg diffraction peaks (1 6 −2), (1 5 −2), and (1 4 −2) of the monomer phase disappear. The analysis of the diffuse X-ray scattering is based on the fwhm in the directions ξt and ξl for the transverse (t) and longitudinal (l) length, respectively. The circular X-ray scattering signal coinciding in both patterns is a result of ice formation during the measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-change-of-the-transversal-fwhm-of-diffuse-x-ray-29cnitvr.png Figure 5. Change of the transversal fwhm of diffuse X-ray diffraction scattering to Bragg diffraction peaks upon light irradiation (as transversal intensity changes in arbitrary units versus pixel position on the detector). Here, the fwhm at dimer occupancies of 7%, 25%, and 35% are shown which decrease upon the phototransformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transverse-coherence-lengths-in-an-a-styrylpyrylium-21rno8pv.png Figure 6. Transverse coherence lengths in an α-styrylpyrylium TFMS crystal against the irradiation time. The dimer state has been populated by light-induced dimerization at 580 nm with a power of 20 mW. At occupancies of around 30% and a corresponding transverse coherence length of about 45 nm, the dimer diffraction peaks can be identified as Bragg peaks and the instrumental function is dominant. The data were determined, e.g., by the observed reflections (7 1 −1), (6 −3 −2), (5 −3 −1), and (4 −2 −10). The Avrami fits based on the optical measurements (solid line) and the X-ray diffraction data (dashed line) showing the conformance to the diffuse X-ray scattering results. https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-for-size-and-sex-specific-dispersal-in-a-1bbtqlpfw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-breakdown-of-individuals-included-in-the-1vf7fi2d.png Table 1 Numerical breakdown of individuals included in the subpopulation and group relatedness comparisons, tallied by subpopulation affiliation. Individuals of unknown sex (fish cannot be sexed accurately until over 3 cm SL) are included in the count of total individuals. Groups were included in the group-group comparisons only when 50% or more of the group members were successfully genotyped. See also Fig. 1 for a schematic of the subpopulations and of the groups involved in the group-group comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-our-study-site-was-located-in-the-southern-basin-of-4vew0w0r.png Fig. 1 Our study site was located in the southern basin of Lake Tanganyika. This is a graphic representation of the location of subpopulations relative to one another, and the distances between them (distances and sizes not to scale; see Table 1 for sample sizes per subpopulation). Relative positions of the groups included in the group-group comparisons are indicated by the grey circles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-relatedness-of-individuals-to-others-in-the-2ft91exx.png Table 4 Mean relatedness of individuals to others (in the same size and sex class) from their own group, from different groups in the same subpopulation, and from different subpopulations. N is the number of paired comparisons (different subpopulation comparisons include 1000 randomly sampled pairs out of the all possible paired comparisons) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-subpopulation-level-correlation-analyses-comparing-1wyemzyc.png Table 5 Subpopulation level correlation analyses comparing the mean relatedness between specific types of individuals to the distance between the groups they belong to. Size groupings were based on the 90% confidence interval for breeder body size (see methods). N is the number of paired comparisons. All tests are randomized Pearson correlations. Values in bold type indicate significant relationship (P < 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mean-and-range-distances-measured-between-1b1aznvr.png Table 2 The mean (and range) distances measured between subpopulations and between groups within subpopulations. The distances presented include those between adjacent groups (nearest neighbours) and those between all possible group and subpopulation comparison pairs within our study area. The distance between groups was measured from the centre of each territory; most neighbouring territories were contiguous. In contrast, the distance between subpopulations was measured from the nearest edge of one subpopulation to the nearest edge of the next one https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-seven-microsatellite-loci-used-in-this-study-39w8931p.png Table 3 The seven microsatellite loci used in this study with their expected (HE) and observed (HO) heterozygosities and polymorphic information contents (PIC; based on population-based calculations using cervus version 2.0, Marshall et al. 1998) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-pairwise-relatedness-quellers-r-mean-se-between-1pny43hv.png Fig. 2 Mean pairwise relatedness (Queller’s r, mean ± SE) between individuals of the same size and sex class (large individuals are in white and small in grey): (a) In different groups within a subpopulation; (b) In different subpopulations. https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-for-the-rapid-formation-of-low-mass-early-type-b3b6l1a0uo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-z-h-a-fe-grids-of-tmb03-model-at-4-and-12-gyr-ages-2vtlm8nk.png Figure 4. [Z/H]–[α/Fe] grids of TMB03 model at 4 and 12 Gyr ages. The indices are Mgb and Fe ,á ñ which are not very sensitive to age variation. Both are metal lines, representing the abundance of α-element and iron respectively. The 11 low-mass ETGs are plotted with colors from red to blue, representing increasing projected distance to M87. The ones in the inner region generally have higher [α/Fe]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-fe-s-diagram-for-etgs-black-circles-are-from-3ur6lhzz.png Figure 5. [α/Fe]–σ diagram for ETGs. Black circles are from ATLAS3D sample ([α/Fe] and velocity dispersion measurements are from McDermid et al. 2015 and Cappellari et al. 2013, respectively). The black dashed line is the [α/Fe]–σ relation of massive ETGs (fitted by black circles). Red circles and squares are the low-mass ETGs, which have velocity dispersion measured by Toloba et al. (2014) and Côté, respectively. The [α/Fe]–σ relation for massive galaxies does not work for low-mass ones, for red symbols have larger scatter than the 1σ error of the relation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-relation-between-ssp-equivalent-a-fe-and-3bjnxsp9.png Figure 6. The relation between SSP-equivalent [α/Fe] and projected distance from M87. The red triangle represents M87 within Re/2 with 1σ error bar, from the work of McDermid et al. (2015). Black circles are the low-mass ETGs in our sample. The error bars represent 68% confidence levels. The parameter [α/Fe] decreases with cluster-centric distance in the inner region, and then has a flat distribution in the outer regions, at values close to solar. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient is −0.81±0.09 for all these 11 galaxies, and it becomes −0.92±0.11 when only galaxies inside 0.6 Mpc are taken into account. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-projected-cluster-centric-distance-and-sn-z-for-low-1261pp5c.png Figure 7. Projected cluster-centric distance and SN z, for low-mass ETGs with M 19z < - in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. The gray circles are all the dwarf galaxies in the ACSVCS sample (from Peng et al. 2008), and the color ones are from our sample. The colors represent the [α/Fe] measurements, from low to high (blue to red). The relatively high SN z, of M87 is added for comparison (black triangle). Note that the few negative SN z, values result from subtracting estimated numbers of GC contaminants from massive neighbors and background galaxies. S 0N z, for all galaxies, within the uncertainties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-low-mass-etgs-in-our-sample-3d4y8h6v.png Table 1 Properties of the Low-mass ETGs in our Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-an-image-of-vcc-1545-taken-by-the-next-6ogcqvq1.png Figure 1. Left: an image of VCC 1545 taken by the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (Ferrarese et al. 2012). The central region within the green region is the 7 5 ´ field of view of our GMOS-IFU pointing. The horizontal direction is along the major axis of the galaxy. Right: an image of VCC1545 synthesized by stacking the 3D data cubes of our IFU data along the wavelength direction. The right side of the green vertical line is the region from slit-R, the slit used in our work. It is clear that the image of slit-B is not smooth as the “spaxels” inside are not linearly responding flux, so we have ignored this slit in our analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ssp-derived-fe-a-and-sn-z-sn-normalized-in-the-zc-cxkifuad.png Figure 8. SSP-derived Fe[ ]a and SN z, (SN normalized in the z¢-band). Fe[ ]a and SN z, show a positive correlation. The solid line is fitted by excluding VCC 1185, whose GC system may be in the process of being tidally stripped, and the dashed line is fit by excluding both VCC1185 and VCC230. The arrow on VCC1185 represents our belief that the current SN z, value should be a lower limit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalized-spectra-of-each-galaxy-excluding-nuclei-3kj56vy4.png Figure 2. Normalized spectra of each galaxy, excluding nuclei. Red, green, blue, and cyan mark the wavelength regions for the H ,b Mgb, Fe5270, Fe5335 indices (absorption line and pseudo-continua), respectively. The plots are in order of increasing projected distance from M87 (left to right, then top to bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-for-d-0-bar-d-0-mixing-4fftvadlf7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-ws-branching-fractions-from-independent-fmk-mg-1gqi2g6t.png FIG. 4. The WS branching fractions from independent fmK ; mg fits to slices in measured proper time (points). The dashed line shows the expected wrong-sign rate as determined from the mixing fit shown in Fig. 2. The 2 with respect to expectation from the mixing fit is 1.5; for the no-mixing hypothesis (a constant WS rate), the 2 is 24.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-central-value-point-and-c-l-contours-for-1-c-l-0-b29mvb6w.png FIG. 3. The central value (point) and C.L. contours for 1 C:L: 0:317 1 , 4:55 10 2 2 , 2:70 10 3 3 , 6:33 10 5 4 , and 5:73 10 7 5 , calculated from the change in the value of 2 lnL compared with its value at the minimum. Systematic uncertainties are included. The no-mixing point is shown as a plus sign (+). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-mk-for-ws-candidates-with-0-1445-m-0-1465-gev-c2-and-tjxad7tz.png FIG. 1. (a) mK for WS candidates with 0:1445< m< 0:1465 GeV=c2 and (b) m for WS candidates with 1:843< mK < 1:883 GeV=c 2. The fitted PDFs are overlaid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-projections-of-the-proper-time-distribution-of-18se0oaj.png FIG. 2. (a) Projections of the proper-time distribution of combined D0 and D0 WS candidates and fit result integrated over the signal region 1:843<mK < 1:883 GeV=c2 and 0:1445< m< 0:1465 GeV=c2. The result of the fit allowing (not allowing) mixing but not CP violation is overlaid as a solid (dashed) curve. (b) The points represent the difference between the data and the no-mixing fit. The solid curve shows the difference between fits with and without mixing. https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-of-problem-solving-transfer-in-web-based-socratic-5ffptjim1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-prepared-group-solves-in-less-time-seen-across-six-3r4qptm5.png FIGURE 3. Prepared group solves in less time: seen across six related problem pairs. The time advantage on average is 14.5± 2.5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-peak-rate-of-completion-is-shifted-towards-1vbpij12.png FIGURE 2. The peak rate of completion is shifted towards shorter times for the prepared students. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-break-down-of-the-rate-of-completion-graph-for-3pvu0et8.png FIGURE 1. The break-down of the rate of completion graph for a typical tutorial problem. The real-time and the delay d solvers make mistakes and ask for help. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-prepared-group-requests-15-4-5-5-fewer-hints-the-2udprevk.png FIGURE 4. Prepared group requests 15.4 ± 5.5% fewer hints. (The related problem on torque did not contain any hints but nevertheless was a tutorial problem in which guidance was av ilable as text in the problem.) https://scispace.com/papers/evidence-of-hofstadter-s-fractal-energy-spectrum-in-the-xks51ifi6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-expanded-view-of-the-data-in-fig-2-near-peak-6-and-7-uj3llksv.png FIG. 3. (a) Expanded view of the data in Fig. 2 near peak 6 and 7, including the schematic, idealized behavior of 1 Rxy . (b) Behavior of the Hall conductance as the energy is swept through the Landau band for the left and right side of Hofstadter’s butterfly. Only the largest minigaps are considered. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-longitudinal-resistance-rxx-and-inverse-hall-1ubae04k.png FIG. 2. The longitudinal resistance Rxx and inverse Hall resistance, 1 Rxy , for a 120 nm lattice at 50 mK. The quantized values of Rxy are drawn as horizontal dotted lines. Vertical dashed lines mark positions of vanishing Landau bandwidth. The inserts depict the resolvable minigaps. The high temperature (1.5 K, bold) curve of Rxx is shown around the SdH-peak marked 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-energy-spectrum-inside-the-landau-band-as-a-255202el.png FIG. 1. The energy spectrum inside the Landau band as a function of f0 f q p (see also Ref. [12]). The energy E on the ordinate is normalized to the bandwidth. The contribution of the Landau band, se2 h, to the total Hall conductance when the Fermi energy is located within one of the primary minigaps is given in units of e2 h. The encircled digits and letters indicate the position corresponding to SdH-maxima for the 120 nm and 100 nm lattices in Figs. 2 and 4 respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/evolocumab-for-treating-primary-hypercholesterolaemia-and-yvrye84cvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ldl-c-concentrations-above-which-evolocumab-is-1ry2g8sa.png Table 2: LDL-C concentrations above which evolocumab is recommended https://scispace.com/papers/evidencing-the-chemical-degradation-of-a-hydrophilised-pes-5apfihva1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determination-of-h1661-protein-amide-i-h1240-pes-1h12hdwp.png Table 6- Determination of H1661 protein amide I /H1240 PES from (H1539 protein amide II /H1240 PES ) for different membranes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mapping-of-the-protein-irreversible-deposit-in-the-m841as7t.png Figure 10. Mapping of the protein irreversible deposit in the spiral membrane determined https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-mapping-of-h1030-h1240-pes-according-to-the-m1c55ej3.png Figure 13. Mapping of H1030/H1240 PES according to the location in the spiral membrane. The local TMP is calculated from the assumption of a linear pressure drop decrease. The membrane labels are defined on Figure 8. TMP decreases from the inlet to the outlet of the spiral membrane. d is the distance from the permeate axis (d=0) for a membrane sheet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-flux-in-skim-milk-according-to-naocl-29zvgxcf.png Figure 9: Evolution of flux in skim milk according to NaOCl dose received by the spiral membrane https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-table-4-and-table-5-present-ftir-atr-data-before-and-2cizso1u.png Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5 present FTIR-ATR data before and after fouling by proteins on the pristine membrane and the two aged ones. Whatever the fouling amount and the membrane ageing state, the (H1661 protein amide I /H1240 PES ) ratio is always proportional to the (H1539 protein amide II /H1240 PES ) ratio; this means that β=0 in equation 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-summarizes-the-global-approach-2iacarjm.png Figure 6 summarizes the global approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mapping-of-the-protein-irreversible-deposit-in-the-2v4ssy3c.png Figure 10. Mapping of the protein irreversible deposit in the spiral membrane determined https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-hi-h1240-pes-ratio-from-ftir-atr-before-and-after-36edkjj4.png Table 4– Hi/H1240 PES ratio from FTIR-ATR before and after fouling of the 210 min microwaves aged membrane by proteins. https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-in-city-centre-retailing-the-case-of-utrecht-1974-4xvdm93nq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-retail-premises-in-utrechts-old-city-7heak3ui.png Figure 2. Number of retail premises in Utrecht’s old city centre and entropy values of Utrecht and the 45 shopping streets from 1974 to 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-in-occupancy-in-consumer-electronics-2834ux5i.png Figure 6. Change in occupancy in consumer electronics categories in Utrecht’s historical city centre shopping area from 1974 to 2003 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-in-occupancy-in-clothing-and-accessories-uethpxuc.png Figure 3. Change in occupancy in clothing and accessories categories in Utrecht’s historical city centre shopping area from 1974 to 2003 https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-a-hydrothermal-fluid-rock-interaction-system-as-3zly6913dv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sample-ste-3-with-position-of-rb-sr-thin-slab-profile-pq300x8p.png Fig. 2 Sample STE-3, with position of Rb-Sr thin slab profile (slabs 1 – 26) and profile for chemical composition (slabs a-h). Zoned fluid-rock interaction halo to the left of the vein is ~5 cm wide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-illustration-of-distribution-and-relative-qbxmwp09.png Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of distribution and relative abundance of minerals in the hydrothermal vein and surrounding rock, sample STE-3 (see Fig. 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rb-sr-mineral-data-19rzbq5g.png Table 2 Rb-Sr mineral data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rb-sr-data-for-minerals-precipitated-in-the-artenberg-2jlj32de.png Fig. 7 Rb-Sr data for minerals precipitated in the Artenberg veins. Strontium isotopic compositions calculated for t = 279 Ma, which is the age of mineral crystallization. Note large spread of 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and distinct fields for specific minerals. Analytical data taken from Tab. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rb-sr-isotopic-ages-for-rocks-and-minerals-of-the-1767ubna.png Fig. 6 Rb-Sr isotopic ages for rocks and minerals of the Artenberg hydrothermal system. Analytical data: see Table 2. qtz, quartz; py, pyrite; fsp, feldspar. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rb-sr-analytical-data-whole-rock-slabs-of-profile-3j28tr73.png Table 3 Rb/Sr analytical data, whole rock slabs of profile STE-3 (see Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-selected-main-elements-trace-elements-30ldlgzz.png Fig. 5 Distribution of selected main elements, trace elements, and volatiles (measured as LOI, loss on ignition) in profile across sample STE-3 (cf. Fig. 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematic-crystallization-sequence-of-minerals-in-the-3mnn4nto.png Fig. 9 Schematic crystallization sequence of minerals in the Artenberg hydrothermal veins, and characteristic isotopic mineral signatures. 87Sr/86Sr data (see Table 2, Fig. 7) calculated for t = 279 Ma. The Sr-isotopic signature of the mineralizing fluids changed drastically with time. https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-debris-flow-initiation-mechanisms-and-sediment-24unosh28b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameter-values-used-in-numerical-simulations-3rz07qyx.png Table 1 Model Parameter Values Used in Numerical Simulations of Runoff and Sediment Transport https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-rainfall-and-sediment-characteristics-at-2jplrzch.png Table 2 Summary of Rainfall and Sediment Characteristics at the Study Site https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-summary-of-model-results-from-all-seven-runoff-tccacgsn.png Figure 8. A summary of model results from all seven runoff-producing rainstorms during the monitoring period. Diamond indicates debris-flow-producing storms; circle represents flood-producing storms. (a) Interrill erosion accounts for over 50% of hillslope erosion in the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) area throughout all rainstorms based on model results; (b) hillslope erosion and channel erosion contribute approximately the same amount to total sediment yield at the basin scale during storms 1 and 7; (c) the minimum Manning coefficient (n0) generally increased with each storm following the fire; (d) despite constant decreases in the amount of ravel deposited within the channel following each storm, the percentage of the total sediment yield attributable to channel erosion varied nonmonotonically with time after the fire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ground-motion-velocity-from-two-geophones-and-3oen31kn.png Figure 4. Ground motion velocity from two geophones and rainfall intensity I15 during rainstorms with runoff: (a) 16 December 2016 and (b) 18 February 2017. Time in (a) is in minutes after 11:00 am 16 December 2016 and in (b) is in minutes after 01:00 am 18 February 2017. Three identified periods of debris-flow occurrence (labeled as 1, 2, and 3 in (a) and (b)) generally correspond with a threshold ground velocity greater than 0.1 mm/s in both storms. Note that|V| > 0.1 mm/s at the start of the first storm due to the passage of a series of roll waves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-summary-of-basin-scale-simulations-for-the-18-m4r88joq.png Figure 7. Summary of basin-scale simulations for the 18 February 2017 storm; (a) in most of the channel, bed failure processes were responsible for removing only small amounts of sediment (less than 0.05 m) throughout the storm. (b) Erosion depths are greatest in the channels, but the model indicates that (f) substantial erosion occurred on the hillslopes. (c and g) Very limited erosion occurs when flow-driven detachment processes are neglected while (d and h) erosion volumes do not change as substantially when only raindrop-driven detachment processes are neglected. (e) Modeled maximum flow depths with best fit parameters (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-simulation-including-bed-failure-processes-5woxluoe.png Figure 11. A simulation including bed failure processes during the 16 December 2016 storm results in a large number of debris flows, which are characterized by high sediment concentration exceeding 40% and rapid increases in flow depth, while simulations without bed failure indicate fewer debris-flow surges, especially during the second half of the storm. Simulations including the bed failure processes during the 18 February 2017 storm are similar to those that do not include bed failure, suggesting that bed failure was not critical for debris-flow initiation during the early phase of that storm. Note that three periods of debris flow were observed during this storm but the model only simulates one period of debris flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-summary-of-basin-scale-simulations-for-the-16-2ii53x5g.png Figure 6. Summary of basin-scale simulations for the 16 December 2016 storm; (a) in some channel locations, periodic mass failures accounted for the removal of more than 0.2 m of sediment during the storm. (b) Erosion depths are the greatest in the channels, but the total volume of erosion that occurred during the storm on hillslopes is greater than the volume eroded from the channel. (c) There was substantial deposition of sediment in the channel when the model was run without flow-driven detachment processes, but (d) the spatial distribution of erosion simulated without raindrop-driven detachment processes is very similar to the simulation with the best fit parameters (b). (e) Modeled maximum flow depths with best fit parameters (b). (f) Comparisons between the actual (estimated based on the sediment volume in the debris basin in Figure 1a) and modeled sediment yield, including the volume of sediment eroded from hillslopes and channels. Note that the actual erosion volumes from hillslopes and channels are unknown; (g) without flow-driven detachment processes, the modeled erosion volume is substantially less than the actual erosion volume, whereas the difference is less dramatic when only (h) raindrop-driven detachment processes are neglected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measurements-of-saturated-hydraulic-conductivity-ks-2fcpwjn3.png Figure 2.Measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) made using a mini disk infiltrometer between (a) September and November 2016 and in (c) January 2017. The wetting front capillary pressure head (hf ) for (b) September-November 2016 and (d) January 2017 were derived from measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and sorptivity (S). https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-e-centers-during-the-annealing-of-sb-doped-si0-2tlrtgvwi3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-low-momentum-parameter-s-upper-panel-2x5nlhh1.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The low-momentum parameter S (upper panel) and the high-momentum parameter W (lower panel) as a function of annealing temperature in samples isochronally annealed at steps of 30 min. The values have been scaled to those of as-grown Si0.8Ge0.2. The typical error of the parameters is also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-evolution-of-e-centers-in-p-and-sb-2qs23x6s.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The evolution of E-centers in P- and Sb-doped Si and Si1−xGex as a function of temperature in isochronal anneals. The highlighted areas show the temperature ranges for observing the defects shown within the highlight. Alongside each defect illustration, the evolution of positron parameters compared to the previous step in the process is shown with arrows. The half-red, half-green (two shades of gray) atom in the initial states indicates that in Si0.8Ge0.2 roughly half of the E-centers have at least one Ge atom as a nearest neighbor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-momentum-densities-of-as-grown-and-3lre18zp.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The momentum densities of as-grown and annealed Si0.8Ge0.2 samples along with theoretical calculations for V -Sb and V -Sb2 defects in Si. All densities have been scaled to that of bulk silicon. Samples 1 and 2 are as-irradiated ones with 2 × 1018 Sb/cm−3 and 2 × 1019 Sb/cm−3, respectively. Samples 3 and 4 are the same annealed isochronally at 800 K. Samples 5 and 6 have been isothermally annealed for 3 h at 550 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-s-w-parameters-measured-in-3lkdfs31.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The (S,W ) parameters measured in isothermally annealed Si0.8Ge0.2 samples. The data have been scaled to the values of as-grown Si0.8Ge0.2. Increasing symbol size represents increasing annealing time. The lines are drawn to guide the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-s-w-parameters-measured-in-i9s825ho.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The (S,W ) parameters measured in isochronally annealed Si0.8Ge0.2 samples. The data have been scaled to the values of as-grown Si0.8Ge0.2. Increasing symbol size represents increasing annealing temperature. The lines are drawn to guide the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-density-perturbations-in-f-r-theories-of-1ad83ytb4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-k-with-k-1-4-1-67-hmpc-1-for-fdrth-model-b-evolving-214wduh1.png FIG. 3. k with k ¼ 1:67 hMpc 1 for fðRÞ model B evolving according to (36), CDM and quasistatic evolution given by Eq. (34) in the redshift range from 1000 to 0. The quasistatic evolution is indistinguishable from that coming from (36), but diverges from CDM behavior as z decreases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scale-dependence-of-k-evaluated-today-z-1-4-0-for-k-h0-yepdi2ah.png FIG. 4. Scale dependence of k evaluated today (z ¼ 0) for k=H0 in the range from 1000 to 40 000. https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-polarization-and-space-charges-in-48xsk7vqkp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-steady-state-profiles-of-polarization-2a6ejvuk.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Steady state profiles of polarization, electrostatic potential, and charge density and its variation with various parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-evolution-of-polarization-electrostatic-mzmkncoh.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Evolution of polarization, electrostatic potential, and charge density through one complete cycle: Nd¼ 5 1024 m 3; L¼ 500 nm; and f0¼ 0.001 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-average-charge-density-through-one-du5vlnp8.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Average charge density through one complete cycle for L¼ 200 nm, Nd¼ 1025 m 3, and f0¼ 100 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-situation-3ma3p116.png FIG. 1. Schematic situation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inter-band-electron-evolution-3t51iszt.png FIG. 2. Inter-band electron evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-hysteresis-loops-under-cycling-kb7lr4lm.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The hysteresis loops under cycling applied voltage and its variation with various parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-variation-of-coercive-electric-field-for-6z3uzzc7.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Variation of coercive electric field for different test cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-predicted-leakage-and-switching-current-1tsev5i7.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Predicted leakage and switching current as a function of applied voltage for Nd¼ 5 1024 m 3 and L¼ 100 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-interface-binding-strengths-in-simplified-model-ewl0yjxq92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-generalized-interactions-are-not-always-transitive-in-244p5en0.png Fig 7. Generalized interactions are not always transitive. In the generalized model, knowledge of one interaction does not fix the binding sites of another related interaction. Earlier in the nondeterministic case in Fig 1, this assembly graph had A = 1, B = 2 fixing ? = 1. Here, choosing binding sites A and B still leaves 5 possibilities for ‘?’, taking Sc = .75. The possibilities marked with † self-interact, and so would technically add an interaction to the assembly graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-binding-strength-evolutions-each-box-corresponds-to-a-22g817sq.png Fig 4. Binding strength evolutions. Each box corresponds to a different phenotype, with marker styles indicating interaction topology. Line colours (online) match the box colour of the direct ancestor, with “open” markers (print) indicating the ancestor is from an upper panel. Because phenotypes can transition at markedly different times (with 4% of simulations never discovering the rightmost phenotypes), the dynamics were aligned by counting the generations after that phenotype was discovered. Individual simulations are noisy due to their stochastic nature, but averaging over 10,000 simulations yielded the stable trends shown here. Values for Ŝ within individual simulations typically fluctuated within ±0.01 of the mean. Mean trends stabilized quickly, so results were truncated after 250 generations. Black dashed lines in the panels are from the Markov prediction. The � again indicates the three nondeterministic assemblies. Interface strengths in deterministic assemblies evolve predictably, while nondeterministic assemblies diverge rapidly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-assembly-sequence-from-genotype-to-phenotype-in-the-2d6g9aze.png Fig 1. Assembly sequence from genotype to phenotype in the standard polyomino self-assembly model. The full sequence of generating a phenotype from a genotype for deterministic (left) and nondeterministic (right) assemblies. The binding sites on the subunits are transcribed from the genotype in a clockwise fashion. The assembly graph encodes all possible interactions (0s noninteracting, 1s and 2s interact with each other, 3s and 4s interact with each other, etc.) among the subunits, indicated by solid lines. In the case of nondeterministic genotypes, different polyominoes may emerge as the outcomes of the stochastic assembly process. Here we perform 10 repeated assemblies, and define the phenotype of a genotype as the polyomino that appears most often. Other definitions of a phenotype from the distribution of polyominoes are also possible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-decision-tree-for-heterotetramer-the-assembly-graph-2zie7izm.png Fig 5. Decision tree for heterotetramer. The assembly graph has interaction strengths A and B. Each seed is a starting point for the decision tree, incrementally progressing until assembly terminates. In this situation, once a gray subunit is placed, assembly deterministically ends with the heterotetramer, rendering further branching unnecessary. The lower branchings have an extra weighting factor of two, due to two indistinguishable assembly steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-generalized-binding-sites-a-explicit-subsite-3qwcczva.png Fig 2. Generalized binding sites. (a) Explicit subsite interactions (dotted lines) between two binding sites, showing the “head to tail” alignment. The Hamming distance between the counter-aligned sites is 4, and so the interaction strength is Ŝ ¼ :5. (b) Taking the critical strength Ŝc ¼ :75, these two subunits encode two interactions in the assembly graph. The interactions have different strengths (indicated by line thickness), with the upper interaction stronger (Ŝ ¼ :875) than the lower (Ŝ ¼ :75). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-interaction-strengths-can-adapt-to-changing-fitness-28emn0nk.png Fig 8. Interaction strengths can adapt to changing fitness landscapes. Periodically alternating the fitness landscape produces cyclic behaviour in interface strengths. Despite starting from a range of initial conditions, all simulations eventually converge to the optimal path to transition between the 10-mer and 12-mer and back. The change in fitness landscape is indicated by the red or blue colours, with arrows indicating the direction of flow. Both phenotypes are produced with the same three interactions; it is only the relative ordering of interaction strength that matters. A breakdown of each fitness landscape and local gradients can be seen in S2 Fig. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phenotype-transition-success-and-ancestry-a-2xw5rh37.png Fig 6. Phenotype transition success and ancestry. (a) Transitions to deterministic assemblies have high success, tending to perfect in an infinite population. Conversely, transitions to nondeterministic assemblies (marked with �) typically have less success. Transition rates between nondeterministic assemblies vary considerably, due to the varying overlap between the interfaces of an ancestor and the stronger interfaces of the descendant. Interaction strength is indicated by line thickness. The transition locations in phase space of ancestors are shown for the heterotetramer and 12-mer in (b) and (c) respectively. (b) For transitions from both the dimer and homotetramer, one bond has been strengthened through evolution (black) and one is new and at the critical interaction strength Ŝc (gray). Compared to the evolutionary equilibrium of the heterotetramer, the dimer has a much more favorable ratio of strengths than the homotetramer, as indicated by its closer position in phase space. Likewise in (c), the evolutionary equilibrium of the octomer has much more similar ratios of interaction strength to the 12-mer than the heterotetramer has. In addition to the heterotetramer being further down the determinism gradient, it more frequently misassembles the phenotype, lowering its transition success even further. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-system-of-six-assembly-graphs-the-23jxxezx.png Fig 3. Example system of six assembly graphs. The interactionless initial condition and an example system of six assembly graphs with associated polyominoes. The assembly graphs (and polyominoes) are grouped into vertical columns that are ordered by the number of interactions (from left to right: one, two, and three interactions). Three assemblies are nondeterministic, and are marked with a �. In the nondeterministic cases we only show the most common polyomino structure, which also corresponds to our formal definition of the phenotype. https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-integrated-management-systems-research-on-the-8vx6q3j6h5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-methodology-flowchart-1qw4axyt.png Fig. 2. Methodology flowchart. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contribution-groups-vj7mg4xr.png Table 2 Contribution groups. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-map-of-interactions-3ctpnqvi.png Fig. 4. Map of interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-line-of-evolution-of-ims-research-groups-on-jcp-2s68vd8u.png Fig. 3. Time line of evolution of IMS research groups on JCP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pdca-structure-zeng-et-al-2007-w4w9eub9.png Fig. 1. PDCA structure (Zeng et al., 2007). https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-gaits-of-a-legged-robot-1ch3fb7nhx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-b-motor-current-to-four-middle-legs-of-jacobis-1f9lk09k.png Figure 5.3(b) Motor current to four middle legs of Jacobi’s robot at generation 400 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-oct-ib-robot-1tg7rq63.png Figure 1.1 OCT-Ib Robot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-genotype-3ncm1y9x.png Figure 2.1 Genotype https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1b-motor-current-to-four-middle-legs-of-an-3tck81l7.png Figure 5.1b Motor current to four middle legs of an individual at generation 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-a-motor-currents-to-four-front-and-back-legs-of-1imu2g5m.png Figure 5.1b Motor current to four middle legs of an individual at generation 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-a-motor-current-to-four-front-and-back-legs-of-2o6d21gb.png Figure 5.3(b) Motor current to four middle legs of Jacobi’s robot at generation 400 https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-the-chos-malal-and-agrio-fold-and-thrust-belts-qjyu7uc65m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-samples-used-for-the-apatite-fission-track-analysis-2bq1ioqi.png Table 1 : Samples used for the apatite fission track analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-thermal-history-model-obtained-for-the-samples-1072w5gv.png Figure 8: Thermal history model obtained for the samples located t the inner part of the Agrio and Chos Malal fold and thrust belts. These results were obtaining using the Hefty software. https://scispace.com/papers/evolution-of-the-remnant-fermi-surface-state-in-the-lightly-5464vah89s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-temperature-dependence-of-arpes-spectra-of-the-x-0-2a2t7mq9.png FIG. 4. (a)–(c) Temperature dependence of ARPES spectra of the x = 0.08 sample along the X direction divided by the FermiDirac function convoluted by experimental energy resolution, and their curvature plots [(d)–(f)]. The red dashed lines in the figures denote the energy corresponding to 3kBT above EF. (g) EDCs of (a)–(c) at estimated kF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-graph-of-the-doping-induced-change-in-the-3cp73hvo.png FIG. 5. Schematic graph of the doping-induced change in the electronic structure of Sr2−xLaxIrO4 derived from the current study. The dashed blue curve represents the tight-binding band expected to appear as an in-gap state if there is no excitation gap. The inset shows the remnant Fermi surface with gap anisotropy in the Brillouin zone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-c-arpes-intensity-plot-as-a-function-of-21agfdp0.png FIG. 3. (a)–(c) ARPES intensity plot as a function of twodimensional wave vectors for Sr2−xLaxIrO4, x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, respectively. The plots were taken at the binding energies shown in each figure, with an energy-integration window of ±0.02 eV. (d) and (e) EDCs taken at various k points along the energy contour on directional angles (θ ) for x = 0.04 and 0.08, respectively. Blue curves are fitting results using the Fermi-Dirac function, and green bars show the obtained positions of the leading-edge midpoint. (f) Estimated amount of energy shift in the leading-edge midpoint with respect to EF ( LEM) as a function of directional angle (θ ) for x = 0.04 (green) and 0.08 (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-c-second-derivative-of-arpes-intensity-plots-as-a-1wrx40lq.png FIG. 1. (a)–(c) Second derivative of ARPES intensity plots as a function of binding energy and wave vector on Sr2−xLaxIrO4 (x = 0, 0.04, and 0.08) measured along the k direction, shown as a blue line in (d). (d) The solid (dashed) line shows the folded (unfolded) Brillouin zone. (e) EDCs at the and the X points for x = 0, 0.04, and 0.08. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-c-second-derivative-of-arpes-intensity-plots-in-the-2yao7fs8.png FIG. 2. (a)–(c) Second derivative of ARPES intensity plots in the near-EF region along the high symmetry line on x = 0, 0.04, and 0.08, respectively. Overlaid gray curves in (a) are bands calculated by the tight-binding method [11] where the on-site Coulomb repulsion energy is 2 eV. The same curves are shown in (b) and (c) after shifting downward by 0.3 eV, according to the estimated energy shift of the entire valence band in Fig. 1. The green dashed curves in (b) and (c) are guides for the in-gap state (see also Figs. S2 and S3). (d) EDCs at the X point for different samples. Gray bars denote the position of LHB, and purple bars denote the position of the in-gap state. The inset shows the relative intensity ratio at the peak/hump positions ∼0.5 and 0.1 eV as a function of doping, which depicts the relative weight of LHB and the in-gap state. The positions were chosen according to the peak positions in the second derivative of EDCs. https://scispace.com/papers/evolutionary-fields-can-explain-patterns-of-high-dimensional-1cy050smli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-log-log-spectral-density-variance-in-each-frequency-3p7idq6e.png FIG. 6. Log-log spectral density (variance in each frequency) reconstructed from simulated prey population series (m1—color as in Fig. 3) at a sampling period of 7/TU (totaling 1429 data points per parametrization), determined by estimation from Middleton data. Includes spectra from pink noise that has been smoothed (dotted, magenta curve), by averaging 1000 individual signals, as well as a single representative realization in solid pink (topmost, solid curve), both with the same total variance (power) as the model time series with intraspecific competition (k11) equal to −0.5. Superficially similar decreasing linear trend between pink and chaotic spectra indicates variational similarities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-aperiodic-predator-prey-system-behavior-at-both-the-2g7cngv9.png FIG. 1. Aperiodic predator-prey system behavior at both the trait and population levels plotted for 400 time units (TU) in the case where prey intraspecific competition k11 = −0.5. (a) Log abundanceabundance and (b) abundance-time for prey (m1—top, black curve) and predator (m2—bottom, magenta curve). (c) Prey (a1—black curve) and predator (a2—lighter, magenta curve) trait space dynamics in a 2D trait space that shows aperiodic orbiting of the fitness optimum. (d) Euclidean distance (||a1 − a2||) between predator and prey in trait space exhibiting stationary aperiodic behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-normalized-time-lagged-mutual-information-in-bits-3m32d6ok.png FIG. 3. (a) Normalized, time-lagged mutual information [in bits, legend given in (b)] for the prey population time series (m1). The dotted line shows the first minimum (and thus the proposed delay time) as 3. (b) Estimate of the largest Lyapunov exponent (λ1) estimated by the Wolf algorithm as the number of iterations (on a log scale) increases. The legend shows the parametrizations of prey intraspecific competition corresponding with the color (tint) of the curve (k11) between −0.9 and −0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-log-log-plot-of-the-correlation-sum-as-a-function-of-1exf2rfh.png FIG. 2. Log-log plot of the correlation sum as a function of radius when prey density k11 = −0.5. Horizontal, dashed lines indicate the bounds of the scaling region, where the log sum is near linear [in accordance with Eq. (6)] with slope D̂2 = 5.7 ± 0.1 (linear fit given by dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-color-scheme-for-prey-density-dependence-k11-15s252lp.png TABLE I. Color scheme for prey density dependence (k11). https://scispace.com/papers/evolutionary-contingency-as-non-trivial-objective-4lrc6ry129 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unpredictability-sense-ancestral-state-a-could-1yb8lf3s.png Figure 1. Unpredictability Sense: Ancestral state A could result in O or O’. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-contingency-spectrum-wong-2019-2jpghner.png Figure 9. Contingency Spectrum (Wong, 2019) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-micro-cross-section-of-a-non-ergodic-dynamical-21zmj1vk.png Figure 3. Micro Cross-Section of a Non-Ergodic Dynamical System (depicting ‘Causal Dependence’ for O1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evolutionary-contingency-x-desiderata-2u8fjj8a.png Table 1. Evolutionary Contingency x Desiderata https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-causal-pathway-of-o1-1gjww7ga.png Figure 7. Causal Pathway of O1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-event-ordering-a-and-b-2be1txz0.png Figure 12. Event Ordering (a) and (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-to-initial-conditions-2hwmzb3l.png Figure 4. Sensitivity to Initial Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-multi-causal-pathway-to-o1-assume-that-there-are-no-3k416030.png Figure 8. Multi-Causal Pathway to O1. (Assume that there are no other pathways to O1.) https://scispace.com/papers/evolutionary-resilience-and-complex-lagoon-systems-2hqlt0f1wq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-23-1coginmk.png Figures 23 https://scispace.com/papers/exact-dynamical-exchange-correlation-kernel-of-a-weakly-vyrpkjj6x6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-procedure-for-calculating-the-xc-kernel-2bw47i58.png FIG. 1. Scheme of the procedure for calculating the xc kernel fxc starting from the expressions (9)–(14) for ̂KS and f̂xc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-frequency-dependence-of-the-real-upper-panel-and-2i3gmduk.png FIG. 2. The frequency dependence of the real (upper panel) and imaginary (lower panel) parts of the coefficient in Eq. (3) for silicon calculated by Eq. (19). https://scispace.com/papers/ex-situ-technology-appropriation-of-an-e-deliberation-25jj0vdabk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-setting-the-artwork-and-the-1zwcznot.png Figure 1: Overview of the setting – The artwork and the interpretation panel (on the white wall) before the replacement with our e-Deliberation platform. © Vin Rathod https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshots-of-the-dcn-platform-the-transition-from-3b95pr5j.png Figure 2: Screenshots of the DCN platform – The transition from the first (collecting interpretations) to the second (voting on the interpretations) and the third phase (reading the evaluation) represents a full cycle of one iteration. https://scispace.com/papers/exact-statistical-calculation-of-the-uncertainty-term-in-the-2vbb8tofkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normally-distributed-gh-2000-score-with-critical-1pkr7p54.png Figure 1. Normally distributed GH-2000 score with critical value for achieving a 1 in 10,000 false-positive rate https://scispace.com/papers/examining-and-improving-the-effectiveness-of-relevance-22p6f22oim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-term-occurrence-statistics-for-text-and-ocr-1uisyym1.png Table 3 The term occurrence statistics for Text and OCR collections. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-retrieval-results-with-summary-based-feedback-205juzgi.png Table 2 Retrieval results with summary based feedback swapping 20 expansion terms and term weights between the collections. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-excluding-terms-with-n-i-values-of-1g1nq530.png Table 6 Results of excluding terms with n(i) values of between 1 and 3, from the 20 expansion terms used in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-excluding-terms-with-n-i-values-of-jy0vo0xy.png Table 7 Results of excluding terms with n(i) values of between 1 and 3, and ensuring 20 expansion terms are added. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-prf-for-ocr-collection-with-expansion-terms-added-2z62mhiv.png Table 5 PRF for OCR collection with expansion terms added only if they occur in the Text collection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-and-summary-based-feedback-results-for-both-znlkb03i.png Table 1 Baseline and summary-based feedback results for both collections Media Text OCR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-for-ocr-documents-using-string-comparison-azam7pw5.png Table 8 Results for OCR documents using string-comparison term merging. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-examples-of-corrupted-words-with-n-i-counts-and-34t49k70.png Table 4 Examples of corrupted words with n(i) counts and corresponding cfw(i) term weight estimates. https://scispace.com/papers/exafs-spectroscopy-as-a-tool-to-probe-metal-support-1v9upwaipt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-exafs-fitting-results-for-the-hafnium-1szsuwv8.png Table 3. Summary of the EXAFS fitting results for the hafnium free WOx/ZrO2 catalysts.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-exafs-fitting-results-for-the-nickel-13b0jqvi.png Table 1. Summary of the EXAFS fitting results for the nickel bisglycinate systems.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-denominations-with-the-corresponding-surface-24jc9dl8.png Table 2. Sample denominations with the corresponding surface area, W content, W surface density and tetragonal volumetric fraction. https://scispace.com/papers/examining-the-use-of-rv-travel-forums-for-campground-2t66fi61rb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-public-forum-postings-1olkbozf.png Table 3: Public Forum Postings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-member-forum-postings-30jkitsh.png Table 2: Member Forum Postings https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-rates-in-the-new-eu-accession-countries-what-have-33ur9yxudr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forerunners-smooth-sailing-during-the-1990s-1-9gs9c0uz.png Figure 4: Forerunners: “Smooth Sailing” During the 1990s 1/ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-impact-of-an-fdi-shock-xsxxua9h.png Figure 3: The Impact of an FDI Shock https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-net-external-debt-targets-htn2lj61.png Table 2: Net External Debt Targets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-capital-and-real-exchange-rate-equilibrium-36rzyjzl.png Figure 2: Capital and Real Exchange Rate Equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-of-variables-3h8cfuf0.png Table 3: Definition of Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calibrated-elasticity-of-export-a-and-import-5zz99cgh.png Table 1: Calibrated Elasticity of Export (α) and Import Functions (β) 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-latecomers-how-sustainable-are-current-real-kctlyquy.png Figure 6: Latecomers: How Sustainable are Current Real Exchange Rates? 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-latecomers-misalignment-of-real-exchange-rates-1995-1kuzwjnl.png Figure 5: Latecomers: Misalignment of Real Exchange Rates, 1995-2003 https://scispace.com/papers/exchange-rate-exposure-foreign-currency-derivatives-and-the-599bjysw0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-exchange-rate-exposure-of-french-firms-pre-and-post-1bx3i67v.png Table 2 Exchange Rate Exposure of French Firms Pre and Post Euro https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cross-sectional-analysis-of-exchange-rate-exposure-3pkeyovt.png Table 6 Cross Sectional Analysis of Exchange Rate Exposure https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-use-of-foreign-currency-derivatives-in-reducing-3kyozs12.png Table 5 The Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives in Reducing Exchange Rate Exposure https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-impact-of-the-introduction-of-the-euro-on-fcd-usage-3a7qtkgh.png Table 4 Impact of the Introduction of the EURO on FCD Usage Practices of French Corporations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-description-1w210og6.png Table 1 Variable Description https://scispace.com/papers/excited-state-spectroscopy-in-carbon-nanotube-double-quantum-fe3askz5z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-triple-point-with-n-1-holes-in-left-dot-and-same-ibr5v0ws.png Figure 2. Triple point with (n-1) holes in left dot and same number of holes in right dot compared to the triple point in Figure 6 of the accompanying paper. A bias voltage of 4 mV is applied and the top-gates are grounded for this measurement. The inset shows the current as a function of the detuning ε between ground state levels (solid red line in triple point). Level schemes corresponding to three of the current peaks are shown on the right. We obtain a level splitting of 700 ± 60 µeV for the right dot from these data. There is one more excited state visible in the first orbital of the left dot. The first state is found at ~320 µeV, the second at ~580 µeV. The next peak corresponds to situation b: The next orbital excited state of the left dot is aligned with the excited state of the right dot. This leads again to an orbital splitting of ~ 1.9 meV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conductance-as-a-function-of-the-left-side-gate-67e3nf3u.png Figure 1. Conductance as a function of the left side-gate voltage (SG_L) at 4K is shown for different central top-gate values and with a fixed voltage of -2V on the back-gate showing p- and n-type behaviour. In the inset we show the conductance as a function of the back-gate voltage, while all other gates are grounded, in the p-region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-we-show-measurements-on-a-different-nanotube-double-1crsjuln.png Figure 3. We show measurements on a different nanotube double quantum dot with a length of 500 nm for both the left and right dot. We apply a source drain bias voltage of -1mV for a), b) and a bias of -3 mV for c). The central top-gate is set to -1.5V. The current is plotted in color scale. In a) the double dot is in the strong tunnel-coupling regime and a clear honeycomb pattern is visible. In b) the triple points are clearly visible and the double dot is in the weak tunnel-coupling regime. In contrast to conventional GaAs quantum dots we do not have to retune the barriers to observe the double dot behaviour over a large side-gate voltage range. In c) we show a zoom-in of a pair of triple points where excited states are clearly resolved. Note that the current only flows when discrete levels are aligned. https://scispace.com/papers/exciton-energy-recycling-from-zno-defect-levels-towards-61t4g1l7ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transient-pl-of-a-zno-deep-level-green-emission-and-b-2v3ifozv.png Fig. 4 Transient PL of (a) ZnO deep-level green emission and (b) CdSe red emission in the ZnO NRs and ZnO/QD assembly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-evolutional-schematic-modelling-of-the-77f7qfb1.png Fig. 6 An evolutional schematic modelling of the electroluminescent light propagation in a single nanowire. The single wire is intersected in the (101̄0) plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sem-image-of-the-as-grown-zno-nr-array-on-the-gan-2ut81yt3.png Fig. 2 (a) SEM image of the as-grown ZnO NR array on the GaN substrate. (b) ZnO NRs annealed in air for 1 h. (c) X-ray diffraction pattern of the rods in (b). (d) Magnification of (b) showing the small pin-holes at the rod surface. https://scispace.com/papers/excited-state-interactions-in-flurbiprofen-tryptophan-dyads-3vopkr0qg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-fluorescence-spectra-of-s-fbp-s-trpme-s-s-1-and-r-32ubt7zv.png Figure 3. A Fluorescence spectra of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpMe ( ), (S,S)-1 ( ) and (R,S)-1 ( ). B Normalized fluorescence spectra of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpMe ( ), (S,S)-1 ( ) and (R,S)-1 ( ). C Fluorescence spectra of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpOH ( ), (S,S)-2 ( ) and (R,S)-2 ( ). D Normalized fluorescence spectra of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpOH ( ), (S,S)-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-qualitative-energetic-diagram-for-the-different-54g5p5zs.png Figure 5. Qualitative energetic diagram for the different excited states and reactive intermediates generated upon excitation of FBP-Trp dyads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-uv-absorption-spectra-of-s-fbp-s-trpme-s-s-1-and-308ezuhq.png Figure 2 A. UV-absorption spectra of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpMe ( ), (S,S)-1 ( ) and (R,S)-1 ( ) in acetonitrile at 2.5 10-5 M concentration. B UV-absorption spectra of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpOH ( ), (S,S)-2 ( ) and (R,S)-2 ( ) in acetonitrile at 2.5 10-5 M concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-uv-absorption-spectra-of-s-fbp-s-trpme-s-s-1-and-2cf4ny5g.png Figure 6 A. UV-absorption spectra of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpMe ( ), (S,S)-1 ( ) and (R,S)-1 ( ) in 1,4-dioxane at 2.5 10-5 M concentration. B UV-absorption spectra of (S)-FBP ( ), https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-fluorescence-spectra-in-deaerated-14-dioxane-of-s-339hnk3b.png Figure 7. A Fluorescence spectra in deaerated 1,4-dioxane of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpMe ( ), (S,S)-1 ( ) and (R,S)-1 ( ); B Normalized fluorescence spectra in deaerated 1,4-dioxane of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpMe ( ), (S,S)-1 ( ) and (R,S)-1 ( ); C Fluorescence spectra in deaerated 1,4-dioxane of (S)-FBP ( ), (S)-TrpOH ( ), (S,S)-2 ( ) and (R,S)-2 ( ); D Normalized fluorescence spectra in deaerated 1,4-dioxane of (S)-FBP ( ) , (S)-TrpOH ( ), (S,S)-2 ( ) and (R,S)-2 ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-photophysical-properties-of-s-fbp-s-trpme-s-trpoh-140lvpsx.png Table 1. Photophysical properties of (S)-FBP, (S)-TrpMe, (S)-TrpOH and the dyads in acetonitrile or 1,4-dioxane, in deaerated media.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-laser-flash-photolysis-of-s-fbp-s-s-1-and-r-s-1-28oorage.png Figure 4: A Laser flash photolysis of (S)-FBP ( ), (S,S)-1 ( ) and (R,S)-1 ( ) in MeCN/N2.: Transient spectra obtained 6µs after the laser pulse. B: Decays monitored at 360 nm. C: Laser flash photolysis of (S)-FBP ( ), (S,S)-2 ( ) and (R,S)-2 ( ) in MeCN/N2. Transient spectra obtained 6 µs after the laser pulse. D: Decays monitored at 360 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-fluorescence-emission-lexc-266-nm-of-s-or-r-fbp-2s4t7o08.png Figure 1 A. Fluorescence emission (λexc= 266 nm) of (S)- or (R)- FBP ( ), HSA ( ), (S)FBP/HSA 1:1 ( ) and (R)-FBP/HSA 1:1 ( ) in 0.01 M PBS. B. Decay of (S)-FBP/HSA 1:1 https://scispace.com/papers/excitant-and-depressant-drugs-modulate-effects-of-3jrl9ti9az 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2rvceq9m.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-activity-of-s1-rats-during-2-h-periods-in-the-37l6pfri.png Figure 1. Activity of s1 rats during 2 h periods in the enriched condition. Values are means of 10 sessions in Experiment 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1w067bik.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effects-of-phenobarbital-on-brain-weights-in-home-314ofof5.png Table 8 Effects of Phenobarbital on Brain Weights in Home Cage and in Enriched Condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2ivxsk3h.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-about-here-3amtz0j1.png Table 2 About Here https://scispace.com/papers/executive-functions-in-adolescents-with-binge-eating-2f1gsl6zz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-pb6ebpcx.png Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adolescents with BED and obesity and control groups with obesity only and normal weight. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iowa-gambling-task-igt-learning-effect-across-five-3g10j1ce.png Figure 1. Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) learning effect across five consecutive blocks in adolescents with BED and obesity, adolescents with obesity, and normal-weight adolescents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-neuropsychological-assessment-means-m-19ufoy8d.png Table 2. Results of neuropsychological assessment: Means (M), standard deviations (SD), and group differences in executive functioning https://scispace.com/papers/exemplar-based-image-inpainting-using-an-affine-invariant-2pbkvyks9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-propagation-directions-in-patchmatch-a-original-scheme-3h2v7j1c.png Fig. 6. Propagation directions in PatchMatch: (a) original scheme, (b) modified scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-representation-of-the-sets-o-oc-o-and-oc-2olyl68s.png Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the sets O, Oc, Õ and Õc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-depiction-of-two-different-cases-of-patch-hnnyb4aj.png Fig. 5. Schematic depiction of two different cases of patch distance distribution. Gray filled-in curves represent histograms of distance values computed between patches overlapping z ∈ O and their most similar known counterparts from Õc. Weighting functions are shown in red. In both cases γcut-off ≈ 0.45. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-self-similarity-under-different-distortions-on-the-oyl3i30z.png Fig. 1. Self-similarity under different distortions. On the left: two views of the same scene related by a projective transformation. On the right: self-similar texture underwent a severe fish-eye lens distortion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-first-row-source-image-target-image-with-the-3c1ayq1b.png Fig. 10. First row: source image, target image with the inpainting domain shown in red, and close-ups around the inpainting area of the NL-Means result and the result of our method. Second row: evolution of the inpainting domain over iterations of our method (every second iteration). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-first-row-image-with-the-inpainting-domain-shown-in-1431hm63.png Fig. 9. First row: image with the inpainting domain shown in red. Second row: closeups around the inpainting area of the NL-Means result, the result of [27] (considering rotations), the result of [24], and the result of our method. Third row: evolution of the inpainting domain over iterations of our method (every third iteration). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-affine-invariant-patch-comparison-which-is-achieved-enbgat9p.png Fig. 3. An affine invariant patch comparison which is achieved by normalizing the patches to discs and aligning them with suitable rotations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-affine-covariant-neighborhoods-patches-computed-at-h2beu7sq.png Fig. 2. Affine covariant neighborhoods (patches) computed at corresponding points in two images taken from different viewpoints. Despite the change in appearance, patches capture the same visual information. https://scispace.com/papers/exhaustively-identifying-cross-linked-peptides-with-a-linear-2nsht0evp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-average-running-time-of-six-tools-with-respect-cpfvqt54.png Table 1: The average running time of six tools with respect to di erent database sizes. The unit is hour. StavroX cannot handle the second to sixth databases, pLink cannot handle the fourth to sixth databases, ProteinProspector cannot handle the fth and sixth databases, and ECL needs many days to search the fth and sixth databases. Thus, the corresponding cells are marked with NA . PP stands for ProteinProspector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bar-plots-showing-identi-ed-true-and-false-positive-1do4ah2j.png Figure 3: Bar plots showing identi ed true and false positive PSMs. Six bar plots correspond to the results of searching six databases. Without considering decoy proteins, there are 69, 219, 1019, 5019, 10019, and 15019 proteins in six databases, respectively. The blue bars denote true positive PSMs and the orange bars denote false positive PSMs. The value in the middle of each blue bar is the number of corresponding true positive PSMs and the value at the top of each orange bar is the number of corresponding false positive PSMs. PP stands for ProteinProspector. StavroX cannot handle the second to sixth databases, pLink cannot handle the fourth to sixth databases, ProteinProspector cannot handle the fth and sixth databases, and ECL needs many days to search the fth and sixth databases. Thus, the corresponding bars are left blank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-for-toc-only-ohsxm7ux.png Figure 5: For TOC only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-plot-showing-average-running-time-with-respect-to-o4olbi30.png Figure 4: A plot showing average running time with respect to di erent numbers of peptide chains. Decoy sequences are included. The x-axis is the number of peptide chains (the unit is million) and the y-axis is the average running time (the unit is hour). The orange crosses are the observed running time of ECL and the orange dashed line is the tted quadratic line. The blue dots are the observed running time of ECL 2.0 and the blue solid line is the tted linear line. It also shows two lines' equations and R2 values. https://scispace.com/papers/exhumation-of-the-ultrahigh-pressure-tso-morari-unit-in-5fhq9m9b6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geological-map-of-the-nw-himalaya-modified-after-26dyidqg.png Figure 1. Geological map of the NW Himalaya, modified after Steck et al. [1998]. TM is the Tso Morari unit. Inset shows location of the study area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geological-map-of-the-tso-morari-area-based-on-3mvtmta2.png Figure 2. Geological map of the Tso Morari area based on satellite Spot images combined with our field observations and previous studies [Berthelsen, 1953; Thakur, 1983; Fuchs and Linner, 1996; Steck et al., 1998]. AB is trace of profil shown in Fig 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photograph-within-the-zildat-ribil-valley-of-the-2e7h9v5r.png Figure 4. Photograph within the Zildat-Ribil valley of the Zildat normal shear zone. This shear zone separates the slightly metamorphosed Ribil unit from the Tso Morari eclogitic dome, serpentinite lenses underline this shear zone. This photograph also shows the thrusting contact between the Drakkarpo unit and the Ribil unit. https://scispace.com/papers/exercise-prescription-and-the-patient-with-type-2-diabetes-a-5gu3rbt0hx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-borg-rpe-scale-odxq361e.png Table 1 Borg RPE scale https://scispace.com/papers/existence-of-pure-nash-equilibria-in-discontinuous-and-non-3ow79zdj4e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graph-of-u2-x-and-of-u2-x-when-x-12-12q2sjgv.png Figure 4: Graph of u2(x, .) and of ũ2(x, .) when x < 12 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graph-of-a-non-quasiconcave-mapping-f-and-of-its-1529liy4.png Figure 1: graph of a non quasiconcave mapping f and of its measure of lack of quasiconcavity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graph-of-ri-x-i-in-example-1-3rexg3bv.png Figure 3: Graph of ρi(., x−i) in Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graph-of-ui-x-i-and-ui-x-i-in-example-1-29xzj7vf.png Figure 2: Graph of ui(., x−i) and ũi(., x−i) in Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graph-of-u1-p2-and-u1-p2-in-example-4-18uwndrq.png Figure 5: graph of u1(., p2) and ũ1(., p2) in Example 4 https://scispace.com/papers/exit-voice-loyalty-using-an-exit-phone-interview-to-mitigate-4sj5xf8zr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1998-2916-doctoral-departure-at-mau-3swf1iex.png Figure 1 1998-2916 Doctoral departure at MAU https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-students-written-responses-on-the-withdrawal-form-wf-fsltvhj4.png Table 1: Students Written Responses on the Withdrawal Form (WF) https://scispace.com/papers/exoplanetary-transit-constraints-based-upon-secondary-449gkxqdxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-geometric-eclipse-probability-for-a-circular-orbit-1n6w033f.png FIG. 4.—The geometric eclipse probability for a circular orbit with the published period (solid curve) along with the eclipse probability for 203 RV planets from Butler et al. (2006) calculated from their orbital parameters (open circles). HD 80606b, HD 4113b, and HD 37605b (stars) are examples of particularly high eclipse probabilities. The lower panel plots the difference in Pe between the actual orbit and a hypothetical circular orbit with the same period for each of the planets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependence-of-the-fractional-range-of-periastron-b9h4gvw7.png FIG. 3.—Dependence of the fractional range of periastron arguments for which both the transit and eclipse probabilities exceed that of a circular orbit with the same period (shaded regions in Fig. 2) on the orbital eccentricity. The dashed lines correspond to e ¼ 0:3 and the dotted lines correspond to Δω=2π ¼ 0:5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-50-highest-eclipse-probability-planets-from-the-25apfgf6.png TABLE 1 THE 50 HIGHEST ECLIPSE PROBABILITY PLANETS FROM THE BUTLER ET AL. (2006) SAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-original-eq-1-and-revised-eq-11-primary-transit-jxa1be9t.png FIG. 5.—The original (eq. [1]) and revised (eq. [11]) primary transit probabilities for 203 planets from the Butler et al. (2006) catalog, plotted as a function of eccentricity and argument of periastron. The original probabilities are shown as open circles and the revised (when a secondary eclipse is detected) probabilities are shown as crosses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-down-view-of-three-different-orbital-configations-wnkzzbgd.png FIG. 1.—Top-down view of three different orbital configations of an eccentric orbit, with the arrow indicating the line of sight of an observer. The periastron arguments of orbits a, b, and c are π, π=2, and π=4 respectively. The star-planet distance both in front of and behind the star is highly dependent upon this periastron argument. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependence-of-geometric-transit-dashed-line-and-47hk68os.png FIG. 2.—Dependence of geometric transit (dashed line) and eclipse (dotted line) probability on the argument of periastron for an eccentricity of 0.6 (see eqs. [1] and [2]). The solid line indicates the probabilities for a circular orbit with the same orbital period. These are plotted for periods of 4.0 days (left ordinate) and 50.0 days (right ordinate). Stellar and planetary radii are assumed to be a Jupiter and solar radius, respectively. The shaded regions represent those ranges of periastron arguments for which both the transit and eclipse probabilities exceed that of a circular orbit. https://scispace.com/papers/experiences-from-monitoring-effects-of-architectural-changes-46yd2inlaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-change-of-application-ju631ayn.png Fig. 2. Architecture change of application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-main-steps-of-data-collection-and-analysis-2ej02fll.png Fig. 3. Main steps of data collection and analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metrics-results-1zp6u4cv.png Table 1. Metrics results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-architecture-of-the-current-version-2lkr14ro.png Fig. 4. Architecture of the current version https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-high-level-architecture-of-the-whole-system-gxqszf0e.png Fig. 1. High level architecture of the whole system https://scispace.com/papers/experience-in-teaching-object-oriented-concepts-to-first-xkkjyettqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-analysis-of-the-percentage-of-students-facing-1amminzf.png Figure 2. An analysis of the percentage of students facing difficulties in various aspects of the course https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-and-modeling-study-of-compressive-creep-in-3d-35b5hnsinb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-computed-creep-strain-evolutions-for-the-woven-caxqzj4k.png Fig. 15. Computed creep strain evolutions for the woven structure without imperfection (black line) and with sixth level of intensity (ocre line) under uniaxial compression (20 MPa) along z-axis at 825 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-creep-properties-used-for-fe-analysis-30m66601.png Table 1. Creep properties used for FE analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plot-of-secondary-strain-rate-measured-at-825-degc-vs-2nj5x4ve.png Fig. 1. Plot of secondary strain rate measured at 825 °C vs. uniaxial compressive stress for bulk Ni-20Cr-3Ti2Al superalloys aged to 900 °C (different symbols are for two specimens). The best-fit line to Eq. (2) provides the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sem-micrographs-showing-the-surface-of-select-wires-in-39poqyvf.png Fig. 7. SEM micrographs showing the surface of select wires in woven structures oxidized at (a) 750, (b) 825, and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-von-mises-stress-distributions-of-cross-sections-1m6cuyk2.png Fig. 13. The von Mises stress distributions of cross-sections showing modified structures with bonding removed between Z and warp wires (left), and between Z and fill wires (right) under uniaxial compression (150 MPa) along x direction at 825 °C after 4 h. The color contours correspond to surfaces of equivalent stress. The black https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-3d-mesh-structure-of-the-representative-volume-1thy04q7.png Fig. 2. (a) 3D mesh structure of the representative volume element (RVE) for a woven Ni-20Cr-3Ti-2Al superalloy, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plot-of-square-of-mass-gain-vs-time-during-static-1jn4fxpw.png Fig. 6. Plot of square of mass gain vs time during static oxidation tests of woven structures at 750, 825, and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-computed-secondary-creep-strain-rates-plotted-as-a-27ye0gnm.png Fig. 11. Computed secondary creep strain rates plotted as a function of applied stress along x-axis at 825 °C for original woven structure (red). The blue and green lines correspond to the secondary creep strain rates computed in woven structures without one and both Z wires removed, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/experiences-of-parents-attending-a-programme-for-families-of-1j44rphiws 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ghq-12-mspss-cfsei-scores-before-and-after-the-3knbk5br.png Table 1. GHQ-12, MSPSS, CFSEI scores before and after the programme https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-and-numerical-investigation-on-micro-deep-4avvln6wly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-experimental-apparatus-1vu5x2vy.png Figure 5. The experimental apparatus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparison-of-punch-load-travels-relationships-for-2tg7jm6s.png Figure 16. Comparison of punch load-travels relationships for different drawing strokes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mechanical-properties-of-ss304-foils-bm349ime.png Table 1. Mechanical properties of SS304 foils https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-physical-cups-and-b-vonmises-stres-di-tributions-kwsenjyv.png Figure 14. (a) Physical cups and (b) VonMises stres di tributions for cup models with different final depths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-thickness-distributions-along-the-transver-e-n511jpnt.png Figure 15. Thickness distributions along the transver e direction with different drawing strokes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-forming-techniques-with-a-positive-initial-gap-and-29z6dv0c.png Figure 6. Forming techniques with (a) positive initial gap and (b) negative initial gap https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-drawn-cups-obtained-from-a-experiment-b-simulation-10g6m486.png Figure 7. Drawn cups obtained from (a) experiment (b) simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-thickness-distributions-along-transverse-dir-ction-17z5kggc.png Figure 12. Thickness distributions along transverse dir ction with different initial gaps https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-and-numerical-investigation-of-bubble-augmented-4uxy55i5vh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-shows-the-variation-of-ratio-of-the-force-captured-2y9yudbo.png Figure 31 shows the variation of ratio of the force captured by the force measurement plate, / l l lF QV , with the exit mixture flow rate, /(1 )lQ , in which, lQ is the liquid flow rate and lV is the liquid velocity at the exit which is assumed to be the same as the mixture velocity. As shown in the figure, the fraction of the exit momentum force decreases when the exit mixture flow rate increases and reaches to a plateau. A fourth order polynomial curve fitting given by the following, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-shows-the-predicted-normalized-net-3bvgz3fh.png Figure 28 shows the predicted normalized net https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-shows-the-exit-velocity-profile-for-di-1vhihm0a.png Figure 25 shows the exit velocity profile for di- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-shows-the-variation-of-the-normalized-ramjet-6lyyom5o.png Figure 18 shows the variation of the normalized ramjet thrust augmentation, m (Eq.(16)), with the normalized nozzle outlet area, C for inlet velocity 2.4 m/s. C is defined as the ratio of the exit area to the inlet area, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-shows-the-pressures-and-flow-velocities-along-the-3hiev8ys.png Figure 23 shows the pressures and flow velocities along the axial direction for a nominal inlet flow velocity of 3.11 m/s (200 gpm) without air injection. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-and-fig-21-show-1-d-bap-simulations-of-the-net-3rvo3cio.png Figure 20 and Fig.21 show 1-D BAP simulations of the net thrust increase if the nozzle contraction section was shortened differently from the base nozzle for nominal inlet flows of 2.4 m/s and 3.57 m/s. The https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-and-numerical-results-on-viv-and-wio-2ktmyjki4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-response-of-each-cylinders-expressed-by-reduced-dl27kaed.png Fig. 6. Response of each cylinders expressed by reduced amplitude A/D versus reduced velocity Vr for the case 1 (tandem arrangement at 5D). ¤ and 4: transverse and in-line oscillations of upstream cylinder, ¥ and N: transverse and in-line oscillations of downstream cylinder. (a): mean, (b): standard deviation, (c): maximum minus mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-trajectories-of-the-centre-of-the-cylinder-at-vr-5-a-2uuv3cyo.png Fig. 11. Trajectories of the centre of the cylinder at Vr = 5. (a): 2-dimensional simulation, (b): 3-dimensional simulation and (c): experimental result. Current comes from the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-presentation-of-the-ifremer-flume-tank-1xgtpd3z.png Fig. 1. Presentation of the Ifremer flume tank https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-studied-device-and-experimental-setup-3l0t3s9f.png Fig. 2. Studied device and experimental setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-trajectories-of-the-cylinders-for-case-3-for-different-3uh59f8p.png Fig. 7. Trajectories of the cylinders (for case 3) for different Vr. The gray scale indicates the presence rate of the cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-added-mass-coefficient-cm-and-drag-coefficient-cd-1jsxca5l.png Fig. 10. Added mass coefficient Cm and drag coefficient Cd versus reduced velocity for 3 different Reynolds numbers compared with [13] and [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-setup-for-two-closely-spaced-cylinders-in-31ty7bhc.png Fig. 3. Experimental setup for two closely spaced cylinders in tandem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-two-types-of-collision-at-vr-23-on-the-left-case-1-on-15xu2ztk.png Fig. 8. Two types of collision at Vr = 23 (on the left: case 1, on the right: case 4 from the figure 4). (a): reduced distance from the initial point for each cylinders. Dot line: upstream cylinder, solid line: downstream cylinder. (b) & (c): instantaneous velocity of respectively upstream and downstream cylinders (in m/s). https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-and-numerical-studies-on-the-impact-response-of-37ilnqkwoz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-a-parameters-and-b-projected-damage-3jpf2w0x.png Fig. 11. Comparison of (a) parameters and (b) projected damage area obtained from P#1 and P#2 specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-experiment-set-up-and-b-schematic-of-test-fixture-3gbjpd1x.png Fig. 1. (a) Experiment set-up and (b) schematic of test fixture for low velocity impact tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lay-up-of-the-specimens-for-impact-tests-2238f46l.png Table 2 Lay-up of the specimens for impact tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-photographs-of-a-top-surface-impacted-and-b-bottom-2ywkbdac.png Fig. 6. Photographs of (a) top surface (impacted) and (b) bottom surface obtained from a P#1 specimen tested at 25 J impact energy and (c) cross-section of woven carbon-fibre reinforced lamina. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-finite-element-model-fig-20-combination-of-0-degree-37z8chhv.png Fig. 19. Finite element model. Fig. 20. Combination of 0 degree plies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-material-properties-for-ims60-carbon-fibre-epoxy-and-3t3jnmx4.png Table 5 Material properties for IMS60 Carbon-fibre/epoxy and AS4 woven carbon-fibre/epoxy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-a-delamination-at-each-interface-and-b-comparison-of-1pbtbg8b.png Fig. 26. (a) Delamination at each interface and (b) Comparison of damage footprint obtained from C-scan and simulation (red dash line). (The contour is the depth from the measuring layer to the top surface) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-delamination-orientation-between-two-plies-favouring-20f8pqsy.png Fig. 25. Delamination orientation between two plies, favouring lower ply. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-and-theoretical-studies-of-the-reactions-of-4ahrb1grsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-arrhenius-plot-for-the-s-d2-reaction-solid-line-and-35oxj9dk.png FIG. 3. Arrhenius plot for the S + D2 reaction. Solid line and points with 2σ error bars—present work; dashes—Tsuchiya et al.15 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-arrhenius-plot-for-the-s-h2-reaction-solid-line-and-2ribvy97.png FIG. 2. Arrhenius plot for the S + H2 reaction. Solid line and points with 2σ error bars—present work; short dashes—Shiina et al.;4 long dashes—Woiki and Roth.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-rate-coefficients-obtained-by-rpmd-conv-30kynyq8.png FIG. 4. Comparison of rate coefficients obtained by RPMD (Conv. denotes the converged number of beads, and 1 bead denotes that a single bead is used), CVT/µOMT, and experiments for the S + H2 reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-among-rpmd-conv-denotes-the-converged-2unem8on.png FIG. 5. Comparison among RPMD (Conv. denotes the converged number of beads, and 1 bead denotes that a single bead is used), CVT/µOMT, and experimental rate coefficients for the S + D2 reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameters-for-the-rpmd-rate-coefficient-1mp8so5a.png TABLE III. Parameters for the RPMD rate coefficient calculations on the S + H2 reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-kies-ksh2-ksd2-from-calculations-using-1f8qw0k2.png FIG. 6. Comparison of KIEs (kSH2/kSD2 ) from calculations using RPMD, CVT/µOMT, and measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-contour-plot-of-the-pip-nn-pes-in-the-s-h-and-h-h-fvo6bu6m.png FIG. 1. Contour plot of the PIP-NN PES in the S–H and H–H′ coordinates in collinear geometry. The transition state is indicated in the figure by a cross, and its geometry is given in the inset. The energy difference between adjacent contours is 0.1 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-measurements-on-s-3p-d2-38l8vau2.png TABLE II. Summary of measurements on S(3P) + D2. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-design-for-solicitation-campaigns-5fjdq7zgwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-profits-for-the-kdd-cup-98-data-set-3jk0fxtx.png Table 3. Total profits for the KDD Cup 98 data set https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-net-profit-of-solicitation-campaign-1moc6hrg.png Figure 1. Total net profit of solicitation campaign. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-in-the-kdd-cup-98-data-set-si5cd5t0.png Table 1. Characteristics in the KDD Cup 98 data set https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-results-on-the-kdd-cup-98-data-set-1fvv0xci.png Table 2. Selected results on the KDD Cup 98 data set https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-determination-and-modeling-of-thermal-53q0jtoaow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-decomposition-of-one-ply-in-two-unidirectional-tb9sh0s0.png Figure 5 · Decomposition of one ply in two unidirectional laminae https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-crimp-angle-between-a-yarn-and-x-y-plane-1ja8zppz.png Figure 6 · Average crimp angle between a yarn and x-y plane https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermophysical-properties-of-the-resin-and-of-the-pcb2f7vp.png Table 1 · Thermophysical properties of the resin and of the reinforcement (For the specific heat, T is given in °C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transverse-thermal-conductivities-of-dry-preform-3uwboi7s.png Figure 1 · Transverse thermal conductivities of dry preform, uncured laminate, and cured laminate for different fiber contents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-half-of-the-home-designed-rtm-mold-figure-4-1iq48isv.png Figure 3 · Half of the home-designed RTM-mold Figure 4 · Schematic view of a cross-section of the experimental mold https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-steps-of-a-complete-measurement-cycle-235o6znm.png Table 2 · Main steps of a complete measurement cycle https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thermal-conductivities-of-a-standard-modulus-carbon-1kkusruc.png Table 4 · Thermal conductivities of a standard modulus carbon fiber https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-configuration-of-the-samples-3paxadv5.png Table 3 · Configuration of the samples https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-evaluation-of-installed-cooking-exhaust-fan-1o461sibwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flat-profile-exhaust-systems-f3-f5-1br9jq5o.png Figure 4. Flat-profile exhaust systems F3–F5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-microwave-over-range-exhaust-systems-f1-and-f2-36sgy19h.png Figure 3. Microwave-over-range exhaust systems F1 and F2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-exhaust-hoods-with-grease-screens-across-bottom-3qvjc283.png Figure 5. Exhaust hoods with grease screens across bottom opening, H1–H2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-exhaust-systems-with-open-capture-hoods-b1-b3-1j236vc3.png Figure 6. Exhaust systems with open capture hoods B1–B3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-cooking-exhaust-fans-evaluated-in-1tl52dy4.png Table 2. Characteristics of cooking exhaust fans evaluated in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-experiments-examining-the-impact-of-simulated-cook-3q32z3c2.png Table 5. Experiments examining the impact of simulated cook activity on capture efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-exhaust-systems-evaluated-in-this-6hyvn9gl.png Table 1. Description of exhaust systems evaluated in this study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-co2-concentrations-in-exhaust-duct-and-kitchen-air-3r0ets9y.png Figure 9. CO2 concentrations in exhaust duct and kitchen air for unit B6 https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-enquiry-into-automatically-orchestrated-live-5440dratfc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-shots-that-could-be-used-in-a-multi-284754d9.png Figure 1. Example of shots that could be used in a multi-camera live video communication system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-orchestrated-communication-system-for-2-rooms-2882lqyn.png Figure 4. Orchestrated communication system for 2 rooms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-objective-evaluation-average-game-points-won-per-26xw9hzt.png Figure 5. Objective evaluation: Average game points won per condition: Context Aware Automatic (CA-A) orchestration, Context Aware Manual (CA-M) orchestration, Static and Context Unaware (CU) mixing. The corresponding standard error is represented as error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-participant-experience-per-condition-2y7b10c3.png Figure 6. Average participant experience per condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-average-number-of-turn-shifts-per-condition-b-rwxmek3x.png Figure 7. (a) Average number of turn shifts per condition. (b) Average duration of turns per condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-number-of-mixing-decisions-per-human-editor-per-2ki9fqx1.png Figure 8. Number of mixing decisions per human editor per session grouped by experiment day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-responses-to-indicative-questions-x0h6ncez.png Figure 9. Responses to indicative questions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-communication-setup-1ypb8wqt.png Figure 2. Communication setup. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-investigation-into-the-effects-of-two-stage-24fqg5s568 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fuel-injection-quantity-3nbwu5qd.png Table 5. Fuel injection quantity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-diagram-of-direct-combustion-2kcfs3a3.png Figure 3. Schematic diagram of direct combustion visualisation setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sectional-schematic-view-of-the-single-cylinder-3uiwdrn4.png Figure 1. Sectional schematic view of the single-cylinder optical engine https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fuel-injection-system-specifications-3knydkw0.png Table 2. Fuel injection system specifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observation-field-through-piston-crown-window-b8b3z4jm.png Figure 2. Observation field through piston crown window https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-injection-and-combustion-characteristics-32hbqnd2.png Table 6. Injection and combustion characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-in-cylinder-pressure-and-hrr-for-single-injection-1dr7a94a.png Figure 6. In-cylinder pressure and HRR for single injection strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-exhaust-emissions-for-single-and-two-stage-2sputg5r.png Figure 11. Exhaust emissions for single and two-stage injection strategies https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-investigate-on-pre-combustion-characteristic-4zy38ym49f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-o2-concentration-distribution-with-different-s-in-pre-1ssm0xj5.png Fig. 6 O2 concentration distribution with different S in pre-combustion chamber https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-co-concentration-distribution-with-different-s-in-pre-m1im5bz8.png Fig. 7 CO concentration distribution with different S in pre-combustion chamber https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flame-shape-image-with-different-s-2pz3i9x9.png Fig. 8 flame shape image with different S https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-flame-processing-sets-and-shape-scale-obtained-1jam7m7k.png Fig. 9 flame processing sets and shape scale obtained https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-experiment-system-212xg2bs.png Fig. 1 schematic diagram of the experiment system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-influence-of-s-on-ignition-and-mean-maximum-3ht51eew.png Fig. 11 influence of S on ignition and mean maximum temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-influence-of-s-on-mean-noz-boundary-and-maximum-co-3eeuicj6.png Fig. 12 influence of S on mean NOZ boundary and maximum CO concentration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-influence-and-selection-of-limit-ratio-1ilpnq7q.png Fig. 10 influence and selection of limit ratio https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-evaluation-of-loss-perception-in-continuous-nux7sgq2zq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12a-d-data-from-synchronization-loss-experiments-2aw3io2y.png Fig. 12a–d.Data from synchronization loss experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13a-d-summarized-results-of-synchronization-loss-s3ak71vd.png Fig. 13a–d.Summarized results of synchronization loss experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-sample-table-from-a-blank-survey-form-15nsnvbz.png Fig. 5. A sample table from a blank survey form https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6a-d-data-from-the-aggregate-loss-factor-experiment-8u8076k5.png Fig. 6a–d.Data from the aggregate loss factor experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11a-d-summarized-results-of-the-fluctuating-rates-2tj4a4l9.png Fig. 11a–d.Summarized results of the fluctuating rates experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10a-d-data-from-rate-change-experiment-oehvu8oj.png Fig. 10a–d.Data from rate change experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-drifts-in-a-stream-2puiw74b.png Fig. 2. Drifts in a stream https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8a-d-data-from-the-consecutive-loss-factor-experiment-2wqnhxci.png Fig. 8a–d.Data from the consecutive loss factor experiment https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-investigation-of-fatigue-crack-growth-behavior-3j8b83hakm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-photo-of-tested-specimens-1zldqd9d.png Fig. 14. Photo of tested specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-evolution-of-crack-length-under-ccf-loading-at-a-14jdzsug.png Fig. 11. Evolution of crack length under CCF loading at a cycle ratio of 10,000:1 and LCF loading condition at a dwell time of 108 s. The temperature is 550 C. The solid lines represent the exponential fitting of data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fatigue-crack-growth-rates-under-pure-lcf-loading-at-9-cllb60cn.png Fig. 8. Fatigue crack growth rates under pure LCF loading at 9 s and 108 s dwell time. Test data boundary lines (solid black lines) are included. The temperature is 550 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-evolution-of-fatigue-crack-growth-rate-under-ccf-oblouyyp.png Fig. 10. Evolution of fatigue crack growth rate under CCF loading at a cycle ratio of 1000:1 and under LCF loading at a dwell time of 9 s. Crack growth data boundary lines for pure LCF loading are included (solid black lines). The temperature is 550 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-of-crack-length-under-ccf-loading-at-a-cycle-3o5rc0i3.png Fig. 9. Evolution of crack length under CCF loading at a cycle ratio of 1000:1 and LCF loading conditions at a dwell time of 9 s. The temperature is 550 C. The solid lines represent the exponential fitting of data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-fatigue-crack-growth-rates-for-ccf-loading-at-cycle-91vu89ov.png Fig. 12. Fatigue crack growth rates for CCF loading at cycle ratio of 10,000:1 and for LCF loading at a 108 s dwell time. Crack growth data boundary lines (solid black lines) for LCF loading are included. The temperature is 550 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-comparison-of-fatigue-crack-growth-rate-under-ccf-pmxa31y0.png Fig. 13. The comparison of fatigue crack growth rate under CCF tests with the cycle ratio of 1000:1 and 10,000:1. The temperature is 550 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-fracture-morphology-of-specimen-6-dk-9-1-mpa-16u31prm.png Fig. 21. Fracture morphology of specimen #6, DK = 9.1 MPa ffiffiffiffi m p . https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-investigation-into-the-post-filling-stage-of-31xnzf1eac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plan-of-experiments-with-the-variation-from-1shv6i9h.png Table 1. Plan of experiments with the variation from experiment 1 is highlighted in bold https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-the-thickness-traces-for-the-six-2qp23cjr.png Figure 10. Comparison of the thickness traces for the six different infusion procedures with CSM reinforcement. CSM: chopped strand mat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-diagram-of-the-part-lay-up-3uhcnkmh.png Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the part lay-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-over-time-of-the-laminate-properties-um2guclh.png Figure 6. Evolution over time of the laminate properties along the length of the preform in the case of the standard CSM infusion: (a) laminate thickness; (b) fibre volume fraction and (c) laminate permeability. CSM: chopped strand mat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-pressure-traces-for-the-six-rtmfw6wo.png Figure 9. Comparison of the pressure traces for the six different infusion procedures with CSM reinforcement. CSM: chopped strand mat. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-pressure-a-and-thickness-b-profiles-at-various-350gsorc.png Figure 15. Pressure (a) and thickness (b) profiles at various instances during experiment 5, where a break was placed between the preform and the vent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stages-in-the-resin-infusion-process-a-lay-up-b-pre-mnyjcyu0.png Figure 1. Stages in the resin infusion process. (a) Lay up (b) Pre-filling (c) Filling (d) Post-filling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-pressure-a-and-thickness-b-profiles-at-various-294r4qmg.png Figure 14. Pressure (a) and thickness (b) profiles at various instances during experiment 4, where 400 mbar vacuum was applied at both inlet and vent during post-filling. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-investigation-of-the-robustness-of-partially-2kdl0d4s8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-net-visibility-of-the-output-state-as-a-function-of-j0p4qpae.png FIG. 3. Net visibility of the output state as a function of the expected entanglement, measured at our source. The relationship is unchanged by transmission over significant distances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-schematic-a-pulsed-diode-laser-source-and-78xu6unp.png FIG. 1. Experimental schematic: A pulsed diode laser source and Michelson interferometer produce two pump pulses which are then incident on a PPLN waveguide producing two entangled photons. After filtering (F), each pair is collected and transmitted along a fiber spool to a fiber Michelson interferometer. A circulator~C! allows input and detection on the same port. A triple coincidence between two photons and one of the pump pulses then detects the entangled state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-interference-fringes-for-the-experimental-setup-97cdcoh3.png FIG. 2. The interference fringes for the experimental setup shown in Fig. 1 after the photons had travelled 11 km. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-investigation-of-harmonic-and-subharmonic-2qf6ecsddt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-e-eye-diagrams-and-f-j-frequency-3a1beb40.png Fig. 2. (Color online) (a)–(e) Eye diagrams and (f)–(j) frequency components of injected pulses at 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 Gbps resolved by the optical sampling scope. (k)–(o) Time domain (shape and phase) of recovered clock pulses resolved by the FROG system; insets depict detailed shape and phase of injected pulses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-iso-optical-isolator-pc-mhjlrcdr.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup. ISO, optical isolator; PC, polarization controller; MZM, Mach–Zehnder modulator; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; VOA, variable optical attenuator. Full and dotted lines represent optical and electrical links, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-components-of-recovered-clock-pulses-2j6u4sjo.png Fig. 3. Frequency components of recovered clock pulses resolved by the optical sampling scope. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-investigations-on-common-research-model-at-gwgdg7i3k4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-main-dimensions-of-the-lrm-model-582g97sl.png Fig. 2 Main dimensions of the LRM model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-s1ma-air-circuit-g7ffam1t.png Fig. 1 S1MA air circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-lrm-model-in-s1ma-wind-tunnel-2o8y5jlc.png Fig. 4 The LRM model in S1MA wind tunnel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pressure-measurements-25k4jwjc.png Fig. 3 Pressure measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-vtp-surface-discretization-and-3d-mesh-slices-qsmrudv3.png Fig. 8 VTP surface discretization and 3D mesh slices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-htp-surface-discretization-and-3d-mesh-slices-3ge556fy.png Fig. 7 HTP surface discretization and 3D mesh slices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-side-of-body-flow-separation-dpw-5-grid-o1-sa-1e335kvh.png Fig. 27 Side-of-body flow separation; DPW-5 grid O1; SA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-side-of-body-flow-separation-dpw-6-grid-wb3-sa-3a6wp3ap.png Fig. 28 Side-of-body flow separation; DPW-6 grid WB3; SA. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-observation-of-high-order-quantum-accelerator-2hoz64wq7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pseudocolor-plots-of-the-variation-witht-of-the-1o80og95.png FIG. 1: Pseudocolor plots of the variation withT of the experimental momentum distribution after 30 kicks, in a frame falling freely with gravity. The value ofT was varied around (a)T1/2, (b)TT = 2T1/2, and (c)3T1/2, in steps of0.128µs. The overlaid dotted lines indicate the predicted momenta [Eq. (4)] of selected quantum accelerator modes, labelled by(p, j). https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-results-obtained-on-a-new-circuit-topology-of-a-508mpkv3it 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-and-experimental-output-power-level-for-the-1iqm5auz.png Fig. 4. Simulated and experimental output power level for the first three harmonics versus the input frequency, when the input power level is equal to -1 dBm (a) and 5 dBm (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-conversion-loss-on-the-second-harmonic-yz711m3o.png Fig. 5. Experimental conversion loss on the second harmonic versus the input power level, for the input frequency of 5.6 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-and-experimental-input-and-output-small-3bbs8kjv.png Fig. 6. Simulated and experimental input and output small-signal reflection coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-distributed-frequency-multiplier-5n7vz9zy.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the distributed frequency multiplier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-realized-distributed-frequency-doubler-2kzfisl2.png Fig. 3. The realized distributed frequency doubler. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fully-distributed-gate-a-and-drain-b-band-pass-filers-3lmdj3lf.png Fig. 2. Fully-distributed gate (a) and drain (b) band-pass filers used for the proposed frequency doubler. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-observation-of-minigap-stripes-in-periodically-2j238m78eq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-dispersion-diagram-of-a-w31-waveguide-1v15xdiz.png FIG. 2. Color online Dispersion diagram of a W31 waveguide scheme in the inset for TE polarization. The unshaded region is the experimental kz−u window. The embedded QW bare luminescence is indicated in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-experimental-pl-spectra-of-spe-from-broad-13nc0aoq.png FIG. 4. Color online Experimental PL spectra of SpE from broad PhC waveguides and their corresponding DOS in the probed kz−u window. The PL intensity is normalized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-dispersion-diagram-of-a-w31-waveguide-17kr27ru.png FIG. 5. Color online a Dispersion diagram of a W31 waveguide for TM polarization. The unshaded region is the experimental kz−u window. b Position scan of the pump spot for a tilted and c a nontilted W31 waveguide in TM polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-c-micrographs-of-fabricated-waveguides-1ih3x6m9.png FIG. 3. Color online a – c Micrographs of fabricated waveguides. d Waveguides are tilted to observe higher-order modes. The 2D PhC has a lattice of period a=400 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-shift-of-diet-and-dic-stable-carbon-isotopes-58v0p8gwqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-d13cshell-vs-d-3l7hucrp.png Fig. 6. δ13Cshell vs δ https://scispace.com/figures/figures-609-610-3n4rn3bf.png Figures 609 610 https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-of-flow-boiling-in-an-inclined-mini-54c656adow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photo-a-and-schematic-b-of-the-evaporator-16oxdoci.png Figure 3: Photo (a) and schematic (b) of the evaporator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variations-of-the-flow-patterns-with-the-vapour-62apww3x.png Figure 4: Variations of the flow patterns with the vapour quality and the inclination angle with G = 100 kg.m-2.s-1 (a), G = 150 kg.m-2.s-1 and G = 300 kg.m-2.s-1 (c) (φ = 0 kW.m-2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-beggs-and-brill-26-model-predictions-2jjixzrl.png Figure 14: Comparison of Beggs and Brill [26] model predictions of the frictional pressure gradient with the experimental dataset for a mass velocity of 150 kg.m-2.s-1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-the-heat-flux-effect-on-the-flow-pattern-14vauig3.png Figure 7: Example of the heat flux effect on the flow pattern ; representative frames of the flow without heat flux (a) and with a heat flux of 13,5 kW.m-2 (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-variations-of-the-total-pressure-gradient-a-and-26sjxhvt.png Figure 12: Variations of the total pressure gradient (a) and the frictional pressure gradient (b) as a function of the inclination angle for a mass velocity of 100 kg.m-2.s-1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ranges-of-experimental-parameters-284k1018.png Table 1: Ranges of experimental parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-variations-of-the-total-pressure-gradient-a-and-a13up1gw.png Figure 13: Variations of the total pressure gradient (a) and the frictional pressure gradient (b) as a function of the inclination angle for a mass velocity of 300 kg.m-2.s-1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-experimental-flow-patterns-with-2n4jle09.png Figure 6: Comparison of experimental flow patterns with Crawford et al. [5,6] flow pattern maps https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-of-positron-production-from-a-2-55-mm-4er9922rv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-rocking-curve-measured-for-a-silicon-crystal-3ew34t7c.png Fig. 4. Typical rocking curve measured for a silicon crystal at a bunch charge of 1 nC. The solid curve is a Lorentzian fit to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variations-of-the-peak-widths-of-the-rocking-curves-rbnz4cs3.png Fig. 5. Variations of the peak widths of the rocking curves measured for a silicon crystal as a function of the bunch charge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-drawing-of-the-experimental-setup-2nayfcuh.png Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-the-two-dimensional-scan-of-positron-yields-1x2znkvx.png Fig. 3. Results of the two-dimensional scan of positron yields for a silicon target; (a) the lego plot and (b) the contour plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-positron-yields-as-a-function-of-the-bunch-charge-at-a-fatzvnxh.png Fig. 6. Positron yields as a function of the bunch charge at a positron momentum of 20 MeV/c. The solid curves drawn through the data are the fitted linear functions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-a-beam-characteristics-measurement-for-an-8-hz7usghi.png Fig. 2. Results of a beam characteristics measurement for an 8-GeV single-bunch electron beam. The results show (a) horizontal and vertical beam sizes, (b) horizontal and vertical angular divergences, (c) bunch length, and (d) bunch current density as a function of the bunch charge. The solid lines are guides to the eye for each measurement. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-of-pulsed-heating-of-electromagnetic-2d9jj05bkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-point-of-maximum-temperature-rise-on-endcap-over-1lpsbisj.png Fig. 4: The point of maximum temperature rise on endcap over the course of a pulse for 20 MW incident power https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-instantaneous-temperature-along-the-surface-of-the-1ue9l09d.png Fig. 3: Instantaneous temperature along the surface of the cavity after a 1.5 µs, 20 MW pulse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-of-diagnostic-setup-melgi98p.png Fig. 2: Diagram of diagnostic setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reflected-power-for-te012-mode-over-the-course-of-a-281jx770.png Fig. 5: Reflected power for TE012 mode over the course of a pulse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phase-shift-of-reflected-power-for-te012-mode-over-the-13936s9l.png Fig. 6: Phase shift of reflected power for TE012 mode over the course of a pulse https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-signature-of-the-pair-trajectories-of-rough-1oz3ycdcqp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-pair-position-vector-relative-to-the-local-azimuthal-1pvnzw1b.png FIG. 2: (a) Pair position vector relative to the local azimuthal flow direction (b) aapp is the apparent radius of the particle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pair-distribution-function-in-the-plane-v-v-ph-5-the-1zasktlp.png FIG. 3: Pair distribution function in the plane (~v, ~∇v). φ =5%. The approach quadrants are defined by xy<0. Up: magnification of the central region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-pdf-from-particle-trajectories-the-roughness-is-3-10-1rj2tcz9.png FIG. 6: (a) PDF from particle trajectories. The roughness is =3.10−3. Red line: a trajectory in the plane of shear for which contact occurs. (b) AFM image of the particle surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-image-ph-5-only-the-origin-particles-in-the-rxdeat2u.png FIG. 1: Typical image. φ = 5%. Only the origin particles in the white box are considered. https://scispace.com/papers/experimental-study-on-the-optimisation-of-chemical-treatment-16fync6xdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-properties-of-coarse-waste-rubber-3pes9824.png Table 1: Physical properties of coarse waste rubber aggregates 113 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crumb-rubber-from-scrap-tyres-of-the-size-1-6-mm-1pt3fnj2.png Figure 1. Crumb rubber from scrap tyres of the size 1-6 mm used in the study using 1-6 mm sieve set 111 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-of-100-150-pen-bitumen-used-in-the-study-3jvaanh6.png Table 2: Properties of 100/150 pen bitumen used in the study 117 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-sem-analysis-of-the-6-polyethyleneimine-treated-35ga9czg.png Figure 4. (a) SEM analysis of the 6% polyethyleneimine treated crumb rubber surface at the magnification of 213 approximately 3000x (b) SEM analysis showing the particle size of the treated rubber to be approximately 1 mm 214 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-sem-analysis-of-the-9-polyethyleneimine-treated-1exc108z.png Figure 5. (a) SEM analysis of the 9% polyethyleneimine treated crumb rubber surface at the magnification of 217 approximately 3000x (b) SEM analysis showing the particle size of the treated rubber to be approximately 1 mm 218 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-1-hour-mixing-plus-6-hours-curing-and-3-10muiie1.png Figure 8: Effect of 1 hour mixing plus 6 hours curing and 3% polyethyleneimine on rubber-bitumen blend 287 (10:100) containing rubber oxidised with 0.1 mol/L K2Cr2O7, 0.1 mol/L of H2SO4, and water 288 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-non-invasive-real-time-cylindrical-microwave-cavity-oaourynd.png Figure 6. Non-invasive real-time cylindrical microwave cavity setup for the bitumen analysis 260 The microwave analysis results of four samples are presented in Figure 7. The samples analysed include: 261 Bitumen sample, un-cured. 262 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-repeated-load-axial-test-results-of-the-unaged-1fbtf1zk.png Figure 13: Repeated load axial test results of the unaged control and rubberised samples 389 https://scispace.com/papers/experiments-on-a-grid-layer-prototype-for-shared-data-23m42t97x9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-acquire-exclusive-release-time-25jjdz7e.png Figure 13. Acquire exclusive release time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-acquire-exclusive-node-number-dependency-8i47oqjq.png Figure 14. Acquire exclusive node number dependency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-acquire-exclusive-time-3jx7zttw.png Figure 12. Acquire exclusive time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-avg-aqt-for-2000ms-and-different-nodes-2tsmyrn6.png Figure 11. AVG_AQT for 2000ms and different nodes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-acquire-exclusive-node-number-dependency-3p1kkfwb.png Figure 15. Acquire exclusive node number dependency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-avg-aqt-for-30-nodes-per-universe-2kbikiqr.png Figure 8. AVG_AQT for 30 nodes per universe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-avg-aqt-for-3000ms-and-different-nodes-3qabv2vq.png Figure 10. AVG_AQT for 3000ms and different nodes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-grid-object-search-no-replication-1ncaovef.png Figure 6. Grid Object Search – No replication https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-growth-in-african-countries-what-matters-2ruvhmx19v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-westerlund-2007-panel-cointegration-test-1o658jtn.png Table 4. Westerlund (2007) Panel Cointegration Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-2xabkwok.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-panel-unit-root-test-a02ty4kg.png Table 3. Panel Unit Root Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-1v3nc5qn.png Table 5. continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-growth-regressions-2mzh4ztf.png Table 5. continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cross-section-dependence-test-x1k9qopp.png Table 2. Cross-section dependence test https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-strategic-coordination-cognitive-hierarchy-theory-3h4oqo44ot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-game-in-which-player-2-does-not-have-a-strong-2twjeaqn.png Figure 3. A game in which Player 2 does not have a strong best reply to Player 1’s A strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-hi-lo-game-with-a-payoff-dominant-nash-182o0d1b.png Figure 1. The Hi-Lo game, with a payoff-dominant Nash equilibrium at (H, H) and a dominated equilibrium at (L, L). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-s-soluble-experimental-games-with-shaded-cells-37t1a1ug.png Figure 4. S-soluble experimental games, with shaded cells indicating strong Stackelberg solutions and hence also Nash equilibria. Player labels (1 for row chooser and 2 for column chooser) are suppressed to save space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-stag-hunt-game-with-a-payoff-dominant-nash-2crq5xso.png Figure 2. The Stag Hunt game, with a payoff-dominant Nash equilibrium at (C, C) and a payoff-dominated Nash equilibrium at (D, D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiment-1-frequencies-of-player-1-strategy-819vg5vw.png Table 2 Experiment 1: Frequencies of Player 1 strategy choices in 12 experimental games, with chi-square values, significance levels, and effect sizes (N = 68). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-1-modal-choices-of-players-in-12-s-k2q86mjm.png Table 1 Experiment 1: Modal choices of players in 12 S-soluble experimental games, and unique strategy choice predictions for Player 1 of cognitive hierarchy (CH) theory for Level-1 and Level-2 reasoning, strong Stackelberg reasoning, and team reasoning https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-the-choice-data-in-more-detail-with-gc86lha2.png Table 2 Experiment 1: Frequencies of Player 1 strategy choices in 12 experimental games, with chi-square values, significance levels, and effect sizes (N = 68). https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-the-level-of-credit-spreads-option-implied-jump-2ot3i5vy38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-speculative-grade-credit-spreads-1zgxbrmy.png Table 6: Speculative-Grade Credit Spreads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-cumulative-default-probabilities-1kajt1c9.png Figure 5: A cumulative default probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bbb-cumulative-default-probabilities-kgomhzma.png Figure 6: BBB cumulative default probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-aa-cumulative-default-probabilities-1u5l2v2h.png Figure 4: AA cumulative default probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-aaa-cumulative-default-probabilities-1qzmkped.png Figure 3: AAA cumulative default probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bb-and-b-credit-spreads-2p4jbrk8.png Figure 7: BB and B credit spreads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aaa-and-aa-credit-spreads-275xq4dt.png Figure 1: AAA and AA credit spreads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-and-bbb-credit-spreads-3pa2bd3r.png Figure 2: A and BBB credit spreads https://scispace.com/papers/explaining-the-rise-in-youth-suicide-2zkkpszesk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-suicide-attempts-by-single-year-of-age-for-sndxl2dy.png Table 2 shows suicide attempts by single year of age for youths (from AddHealth) and adults (from Crosby et al., 1999).3 The peak age for suicide attempts is 15; attempt rates for 18 year- https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-shows-our-regression-results-we-report-ols-estimates-1g2sefya.png Table 6 shows our regression results. We report OLS estimates for ease of interpretation; logit and probit models had very similar qualitative and quantitative results (when expressed as changes in probabilities). Recall that the dependent variable mean is 1 percent, so small coefficients are to be expected. The first column of the table includes the basic demographic variables (which are included in all regressions) and the variables for family income and employment. The first row shows that girls are 0.8 percentage points, or 56 percent, more likely https://scispace.com/papers/exploiting-additional-dimensions-as-virtual-items-on-top-n-2i5kng5hib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-additional-dimensions-for-the-listener-and-playlist-3c3qqcgs.png Table I ADDITIONAL DIMENSIONS FOR THE Listener AND Playlist DATA SETS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparing-the-f1-values-for-davi-best-and-c-167jtir9.png Table II COMPARING THE F1 VALUES FOR DAVI-BEST AND C. REDUCTION ALGORITHMS AGAINST THE VALUE FOR user × item https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparing-the-davi-best-algorithm-against-the-v9ev0lyi.png Figure 1. Comparing the DaVI-BEST algorithm against the Combined Reduction-based algorithm using the CF technique in the Listener data set. https://scispace.com/papers/explicit-time-stepping-scheme-for-radial-perfectly-matched-3jcr92i0cd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-discrete-staggered-time-variable-mkuivje7.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the discrete staggered time variable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-total-and-reflected-electric-field-at-the-16jcnfti.png Fig. 4. Normalized total and reflected electric field at the sensor location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-staggered-node-distribution-of-electric-and-magnetic-1ipv8rmu.png Fig. 1. Staggered node distribution of electric and magnetic nodes. A local support domain limits the extend of the basis functions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electric-field-distribution-after-123-time-steps-with-2cessabz.png Fig. 3. Electric field distribution after 123 time steps with energy injected in a line current. The black dots mark the position of the line current and the sensor node. https://scispace.com/papers/exploiting-antipheromone-in-ant-colony-optimisation-for-4ddntxfezv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-number-of-evaluations-required-for-fw83hpis.png Figure 1: Mean Number of Evaluations required for https://scispace.com/papers/exploiting-an-early-warning-nomogram-for-predicting-the-risk-484pmc1ndj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-patients-infected-with-2p2hkavm.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve-of-the-2ebees7u.png Fig. 5 Receiver-operating characteristic curve of the nomogram for predicting the risk of ICU admission in training (a) and validation cohort (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-decision-curves-of-the-nomogram-predicting-the-risk-of-3ehundmo.png Fig. 4 Decision curves of the nomogram predicting the risk of ICU admission in training (a) and validation cohort (b). The x-axis represents threshold probabilities and the y-axis measures the net benefit calculated by adding true positives and subtracting false positives https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-analysis-of-each-factors-ability-in-18ljnttv.png Table 2 Logistic analysis of each factor’s ability in predicting the risk of ICU admission with COVID-19 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-score-assignment-for-each-variable-included-in-the-7vru0cpt.png Table 3 Score assignment for each variable included in the nomogram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-patients-infected-with-14catrgj.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-development-of-a-nomogram-for-predicting-the-risk-of-1gqectvf.png Fig. 2 Development of a nomogram for predicting the risk of ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. The nomogram included age, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, fever and chronic kidney disease. The nomogram summed the scores for each scale and variable. The total score on each scale indicated the risk of ICU admission https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-patients-infected-with-1yf9qc1a.png Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19 (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/exploiting-latent-functional-capabilities-for-resilience-in-qcgr9ogim2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mapping-the-functional-taxonomy-onto-actual-and-2e2b8xm7.png Fig. 3 Mapping the functional taxonomy onto actual, and intended capabilities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trading-three-dimensions-of-resilience-change-in-10iz4r2o.png Fig. 2 Trading three dimensions of resilience; change in performance, disruption time, and cost of recovery https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-search-methods-for-latent-functional-capabilities-beyve4om.png Table 2 Search methods for latent functional capabilities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-relationship-between-resilience-and-latent-2yhk4ev3.png Fig. 7 The relationship between resilience and latent capabilities for the Apollo 13 mission. To the left, we see the performance profile initially (State A), through the CSM failure, and recovery using the LM (State B). To the right, we see the function-form mapping equations describing the system in State A and State B. State A describes the system before disruption, and State B describes the system after recovery. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classifying-functions-according-to-benefit-intent-1mtg5jlg.png Table 1 Classifying functions according to benefit, intent and recognition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-relationship-between-resilience-and-latent-3v8queo1.png Fig. 6 The relationship between resilience and latent capabilities for the AHTS crane failure event. To the left, we see the performance profile initially (State A), through the crane failure and recovery (State B). To the right, we see the function-form mapping equations describing the system in State A and State B. State A describes the system before disruption, and State B describes the system after recovery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-separating-manifest-and-latent-functional-capabilities-2wicjjaz.png Fig. 4 Separating manifest and latent functional capabilities in function-form mapping https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-function-form-mapping-before-disruption-and-after-a-n825jnfb.png Fig. 5 Function-form mapping before disruption, and after a complete recovery using latent functional capabilities https://scispace.com/papers/exploration-of-cardiac-sympathetic-adrenergic-nerve-activity-1mqdszg1wj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-and-neurophysiological-determinants-of-low-335ppgv1.png Table 2. Clinical and neurophysiological determinants of low heart/mediastinum ratio (<1.62) in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-123i-mibg-cardiac-scintigraphy-results-in-patients-12guouks.png Table 1. 123I-MIBG cardiac scintigraphy results in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-clinical-and-neurophysiological-determinants-of-low-2rz7uxd7.png Table 3. Clinical and neurophysiological determinants of low heart/mediastinum ratio in drug-free patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) at the time of the MIBG scintigraphy. https://scispace.com/papers/exploration-of-barriers-and-enablers-for-evidence-based-3v5s3l6fcv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-therapists-perceived-barriers-to-introducing-cimt-f50n4oc4.png Table 3. Therapists’ perceived barriers to introducing CIMT into practice within service https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-therapists-perceived-barriers-to-introducing-rat-12mxenew.png Table 4. Therapists’ perceived barriers to introducing RAT into practice within service https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-respondents-setting-of-employment-3v75qfcr.png Table 2. Respondents setting of employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-banding-of-respondents-2bdeij4u.png Table 1. Banding of respondents https://scispace.com/papers/exploration-of-novel-geometric-imperfection-forms-in-cyf4vhq6kc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustration-of-the-behavior-of-a-slender-silo-under-29lv5d7s.png Fig. 5 – Illustration of the behavior of a slender silo under eccentric discharge with different assumed geometric imperfections https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-buckling-strengths-for-silos-with-ebfn6f57.png Fig. 4 – Illustration of buckling strengths for silos with different imperfection forms under eccentric discharge (after Sadowski & Rotter, 2011b and 2012a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-imperfection-sensitivity-curves-for-the-second-3gjs8op5.png Fig. 18 – Imperfection sensitivity curves for the second superelliptical imperfection form under the Rotter (1986) eccentric discharge pressures with rc = 0.25R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-imperfection-sensitivity-curves-for-the-second-1fwl6dg2.png Fig. 19 – Imperfection sensitivity curves for the second superelliptical imperfection form under the Rotter (1986) eccentric discharge pressures with rc = 0.4R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-imperfection-sensitivity-curves-for-the-second-318znpv6.png Fig. 20 – Imperfection sensitivity curves for the second superelliptical imperfection form under the Rotter (1986) eccentric discharge pressures with rc = 0.6R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-imperfection-sensitivity-curves-for-the-local-sn39jbn6.png Fig. 10 – Imperfection sensitivity curves for the local circular flattening imperfection form using Rotter (1986) eccentric discharge pressures with rc = 0.4R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-outline-circumferential-distribution-of-normal-wall-1dil3umz.png Fig. 1 – Outline circumferential distribution of normal wall pressures in a slender silo under eccentric pipe flow, based on geometry of Rotter (1986) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-imperfection-sensitivity-curves-for-the-second-3mtqt19a.png Fig. 22 – Imperfection sensitivity curves for the second superelliptical imperfection form under the EN 1991-4 (2006) codified eccentric discharge pressures on a very slender silo https://scispace.com/papers/exploration-under-regolith-cover-and-the-problem-of-remanent-v7s1zjm0g1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-when-magnetisation-is-plotted-against-temperature-ytrujztb.png Figure 3: When magnetisation is plotted against temperature the main magnetic mineral is indicated. Figure 3a demonstrates the thermal demagnetisation of pyrrhotite whereas Figure 3b, with the thermal demagnetisation decreasing rapidly at 570°C, indicates magnetite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-images-of-the-main-opaque-minerals-observed-in-1d2d5wiw.png Figure 2: SEM images of the main opaque minerals observed in the Tanami samples: a. type I magnetite; b. type II magnetite; c. pyrrhotite; and, d. very fine grained ilmenite. https://scispace.com/papers/exploratory-study-of-the-current-status-of-the-rights-and-4ujyx0jf4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gross-enrolment-ratio-secondary-gender-parity-index-49fww2qg.png Table 4: Gross Enrolment Ratio, Secondary, Gender Parity Index (GPI). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-women-occupants-of-parliamentary-seats-from-the-3tw54ora.png Table 2: Women Occupants of Parliamentary Seats from the Years 1992 to 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-women-in-ministerial-positions-and-key-political-1kchzgh3.png Table 3: Women in Ministerial Positions and Key Political Appointments (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-professional-assistance-during-delivery-1ao7a8id.png Table 6: Professional Assistance During Delivery https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-content-virality-in-facebook-a-semantic-based-16qbygvpyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-cross-domain-semantics-and-associated-38paru4h.png Table 3. List of cross-domain semantics and associated likeability rating. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-attributes-collected-facebook-posts-2ihs0af4.png Table 2. Description of attributes collected Facebook posts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-description-of-selected-pages-in-each-domain-bb4jptui.png Table 1. Data Description of selected pages in each domain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-domain-wise-token-identification-1t62n6ma.png Fig. 1. Domain - wise token identification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wordcloud-for-domain-wise-and-cross-domain-tokens-1l7jgcdx.png Fig. 2. Wordcloud for domain-wise and cross-domain tokens. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-building-data-from-multispectral-and-single-photon-4f1vocaoaa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-test-area-in-espoonlahti-espoo-finland-34ln8kgf.png Figure 3. Test area in Espoonlahti, Espoo, Finland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-an-example-of-the-intensity-for-object-1qk1un5e.png Figure 11. An example of the intensity for object classification (from the channel3 of multispectral Lidar). Left: original point cloud from channel 3; Right: a result after an intensity threshold (intensity >18) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-visual-enhancement-by-exploiting-the-echo-1a2g70df.png Figure 19. Visual enhancement by exploiting the echo information in single-photon data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-visual-enhancement-by-exploiting-the-echo-qzhzw9y7.png Figure 18. Visual enhancement by exploiting the echo information in multispectral data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-acquisition-specifications-of-multispectral-and-29w402gc.png Table 1. Data acquisition specifications of multispectral and single-photon Lidar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-combination-of-the-intensity-values-from-py3cjavw.png Figure 20. Combination of the intensity values from individual channels for the textures of a scene. The combination of different orders: (a) the combination of channels 2, 1, and 3; (b) the combination of channels 1, 3, and 2; (c) the combination of channels 3, 1, and 2; (d) the combination of channels 1, 2, and 3; (e) the combination of channels 3, 2, and 1; (f) the combination of channels 2, 3, and 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reflection-spectra-of-different-materials-3ppqprwl.png Figure 2. Reflection spectra of different materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-echo-information-in-different-systems-and-different-22wz9830.png Table 2. Echo information in different systems and different channels https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-anticorrelations-and-light-element-variations-in-2juupozucj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-spectra-and-the-fitted-synthesis-of-fe-al-jgajjby0.png Figure 1. Example spectra and the fitted synthesis of Fe, Al, and Mg lines for two stars from M71 and M13. Abundances were fitted between the labeled minimum and maximum values using a step of 0.01 dex. The printed best fitted abundance values might not be the same as in Table 2 because the table contains averaged values, not individual fits. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-abundance-averages-and-scatter-sqjfpud8.png Table 6 Abundance Averages and Scatter https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-averages-of-populations-krk6kwuc.png Table 7 Averages of Populations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-c-fe-n-fe-and-o-fe-as-a-function-of-photometric-3ammqxd7.png Figure 6. [C/Fe], [N/Fe], and [O/Fe] as a function of photometric Teff for all 10 clusters. Open triangles mark upper limits for [C/Fe] and lower limits for [N/Fe], while the real detections are plotted using filled red dots. The error bars represent our final combined uncertainties from Table 4. The linear correlation in [C/Fe] as a function of Teff in M13, M2, M3, and M5 is the effect of CNO burning on the RGB. The fitted lines are used to remove the trend in order to estimate the scatter in these clusters (see Section 5.1 for discussion). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-cn-anticorrelations-correlations-of-c-fe-with-13fgop6y.png Figure 12. CN anticorrelations. Correlations of [C/Fe] with temperature associated with deep mixing were removed in clusters marked by three stars. Upper limits are denoted by open triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-spectra-and-the-fitted-synthesis-of-oh-co-39fdxl3h.png Figure 2. Example spectra and the fitted synthesis of OH, CO, and CN lines for two stars from M71 and M13. For more explanation see caption of Figure 1 and Section 3.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-upper-panels-the-sum-of-c-n-and-o-as-a-function-of-3rki7e0y.png Figure 13. Upper panels: the sum of C, N, and O as a function of effective temperature. Upper limits are denoted by open triangles. For explanation of color coding, please see description of Figure 8. Lower panels: the sum of C, N, and O as a function of [Al/H]. A clear correlation is visible in M13, M2, M3, and M5, for more discussion see Section 6.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-differences-in-abundances-produced-by-two-runs-2c1jk3fx.png Figure 3. Differences in abundances produced by two runs adopting different temperatures: photometric and ASPCAP temperatures; otherwise the same calculation method was used. The points are color-coded by the differences between the photometric and ASPCAP temperatures. The ± errors give the standard deviation around the mean of the differences. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-inconsistencies-between-modal-transition-systems-54b1aiafsv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-two-models-of-a-printer-31g4lw2n.png Fig. 12 Two models of a printer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-the-proof-trees-obtained-from-the-reduced-tree-of-18tteoga.png Fig. 18 The proof-trees obtained from the reduced tree of Figure 16(b): (a)X Υ and (b)Y ¬Υ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-pseudo-merge-of-the-printer-models-shown-in-dmkqxauw.png Fig. 13 The pseudo-merge of the printer models shown in Figure 12. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-algorithm-for-computing-user-guided-feedback-d74fo727.png Fig. 10 Algorithm for computing user-guided feedback. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-combination-of-the-proof-trees-of-figure-15-t-59hhaapn.png Fig. 16 (a) Combination of the proof-trees of Figure 15.τ transitions between identical nodes have been ignored to reduce the size of the tree. (b) Reduction of the tree in part (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-mtssc-andd-whered-refinesc-gzh5j5qo.png Fig. 4 Two MTSsC andD whereD refinesC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pseudo-merge-of-modelsa-andb-state3-2-appears-twice-per2ha8c.png Fig. 6 Pseudo-merge of modelsA andB. State3, 2′ appears twice for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-original-proof-trees-showing-thatl-is-true-in-3kmnbspo.png Fig. 15 The original proof-trees showing thatΛ is true in modelX and false in modelY: (a) a proof-tree forX Λ; (b) a proof-tree forY ¬Λ. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-large-scale-interactive-public-illustrations-4bcrgga87u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stalker-illustration-courtesy-of-john-26gorq7t.png Fig 7. Stalker illustration. Courtesy of John. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-pattern-path-through-whale-octopus-and-catfish-codes-2hakq17w.png Fig. 16. Pattern path through whale, octopus and catfish codes (highlighted in orange). Courtesy of Lucy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-princess-postcard-front-and-back-courtesy-of-dave-3j531isn.png Fig 14. "Princess" postcard, front and back. Courtesy of Dave. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-left-pattern-group-comprising-nest-eggs-and-birds-3trc8tr6.png Fig 12. Left: Pattern group comprising nest, eggs and birds. Right: cyan filter (code in orange). Courtesy of Lucy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-creature-visits-others-courtesy-of-lucy-3yhhd1gm.png Fig 13. The creature visits others. Courtesy of Lucy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-panel-embedding-instructions-courtesy-of-lucy-3ufni8ht.png Fig. 15. A panel embedding instructions. Courtesy of Lucy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-initial-layout-for-princess-courtesy-of-dave-agc8fwg4.png Fig. 17. Initial layout for Princess. Courtesy of Dave. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-problems-caused-by-offsetting-left-offset-image-right-2b67k30w.png Fig. 18. Problems caused by offsetting. Left: offset image. Right: implications of applying filter. Courtesy of Dave. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-logical-and-hierarchical-information-to-map-j7trk511fm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-infosaude-data-model-excerpt-medical-procedures-e91iev02.png Figure 1 InfoSaude data model excerpt: Medical Procedures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-ontology-elements-1232bru7.png Table 2 Number of ontology elements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sample-target-ontology-for-scenarios-1-and-2-1wvmy5h9.png Figure 5 Sample target ontology for scenarios 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-target-ontology-elements-in-different-approaches-29ycdpzs.png Table 3 Target ontology elements in different approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hierarchical-structure-of-medical-procedures-1crkhf1g.png Figure 3 Hierarchical structure of Medical Procedures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hierarchical-structure-created-for-the-columns-1lleddgt.png Figure 4 Hierarchical structure created for the columns named as FL ACTIVE in the RDB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rpl2o-architecture-and-components-uftbvwod.png Figure 2 RPL2O Architecture and Components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-common-mapping-rules-to-map-relational-database-1rnruhfv.png Table 1 Common mapping rules to map relational database elements into ontology components. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-male-and-female-voices-through-epistemic-modality-4gk18jdkd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequencies-v-evidential-p-epistemic-iay7tiwk.png Table 3. Frequencies (V=evidential, P=epistemic) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-basic-classification-of-evidentials-adapted-from-35kz7pjg.png Table 1: A basic classification of evidentials (adapted from González-Vázquez (2006), drawing on Willet (1988)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-texts-1pmwmolz.png Table 2. The texts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-occurrences-of-modals-in-corpus-m-male-f-female-1tr9y69y.png Table 5. Occurrences of modals in corpus (M=male, F=female). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequencies-22lpfax8.png Table 4. Frequencies https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-methods-and-guidelines-for-child-computer-3fvnoh50mx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-guidelines-for-research-with-children-and-refugee-2xp93az8.png Table 3. Guidelines for Research with Children and Refugee Children https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-research-methods-with-children-and-refugee-children-1k10olqp.png Table 2. Research Methods with Children and Refugee Children https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-articles-1jn4pkgr.png Table 1. Selected Articles https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-replay-value-shifts-and-continuities-in-user-2fkz0b0wto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-users-rating-on-examined-experience-dimensions-1qbig24b.png Table 1. Users’ Rating on Examined Experience Dimensions https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-options-for-a-universal-old-age-pension-in-1im8vquk3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-an-example-of-the-annual-cost-of-a-universal-old-age-1q2mhejk.png Table 3: An example of the annual cost of a universal old age pension expressed as a proportion of key national statistics, 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulated-reforms-budgetary-implications-and-number-14d4y7y6.png Table 1: Simulated reforms—budgetary implications and number of beneficiaries, 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulated-reforms-poverty-and-inequality-2018-fwh1a28b.png Table 2: Simulated reforms—poverty and inequality, 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-poverty-after-taxes-and-transfers-for-baseline-an-7xllxs38.png Table 6: Poverty after taxes and transfers for baseline, an unfinanced universal old age pension, and two options for financing the universal old age pension, 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-inequality-and-household-income-distribution-for-2jllzlal.png Table 7: Inequality and household income distribution for baseline, an unfinanced universal old age pension, and two options for financing the universal old age pension, 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-revenue-generated-by-financing-scenarios-for-july-3i2c7ted.png Table 5: Revenue generated by financing scenarios for July 2018, in TZS billion https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-financing-scenarios-for-july-2018-in-tanzanian-5dj88bny.png Table 4: Financing scenarios for July 2018, in Tanzanian shillings https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-behavioral-determinants-of-covid-19-vaccine-3q9bll5y81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-perceived-social-norms-fdhlfhtb.png Table 2. Perceived social norms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-perceived-self-efficacy-i0kum7du.png Table 4. Perceived self-efficacy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-perceived-action-efficacy-and-trust-in-covid-19-2iev12aj.png Table 6. Perceived action efficacy and trust in COVID-19 vaccine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-respondents-demographic-profile-3q5599ak.png Fig 1. Respondents’ demographic profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-perceived-positive-and-negative-consequences-2f0w4rou.png Table 5. Perceived positive and negative consequences. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-perceived-risk-susceptibility-to-covid-19-perceived-10or2r5i.png Table 7. Perceived risk/susceptibility to COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19, and perceived access. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-perceived-divine-will-and-culture-rumors-9i8uqnxq.png Table 8. Perceived divine will and culture/rumors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-generic-description-of-the-determinants-40-and-2r5c33l9.png Table 1. The Generic description of the determinants [40] and contextualization for the current study. https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-potential-of-utilizing-high-resolution-x-band-4cgtm9cymy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-radar-gauge-ratios-of-the-daily-accumulated-xvrmhuqp.png Figure 6 Radar-gauge ratios of the daily accumulated rainfall for events covering at 657 least 3 gauges. The dots denote the outlier values. Each box ranges from the 25th 658 percentile to the 75th percentile with the middle line denoting the median value. 659 660 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-relationship-of-hourly-rainfall-accumulations-1t2nch7x.png Figure 7 The relationship of hourly rainfall accumulations from 8 rain gauges and the 662 corresponding radar pixels for all the events. 663 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-in-radar-based-rainfall-estimation-of-28wyoaws.png Figure 8 Performance in radar-based rainfall estimation of different corrections: (a) 665 non-precipitation echo removal, (b) attenuation correction, (c) beam integration, (d) 666 convective–stratiform segregation, and (e) using different Z-R relationships for 667 converting the reflectivity to rainfall intensity. The blue and orange dots show the 668 results of complete-correction and partial-correction procedures, respectively. 669 670 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-instrumentation-layout-of-urban-rainfall-3g1ml10w.png Figure 2 The instrumentation layout of urban rainfall monitoring system of in Beijing. 642 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-site-view-of-a-the-beijing-radar-and-b-the-6o9voxcj.png Figure 1 The site view of (a) the Beijing Radar and (b) the disdrometer used in this 639 study. 640 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-relationship-between-radar-measured-1do3haf2.png Figure 3 The relationship between radar-measured reflectivity and distrometer-644 estimated reflectivity. 645 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-snapshots-of-the-radar-based-rainfall-fields-for-1txwu1pv.png Figure 9 Snapshots of the radar-based rainfall fields for the fast-moving rainfall event 672 of 4th September, 2015 at (a) 14:45, (b) 14:59, (c) 15:13 and (d) 15:27. 673 674 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-z-k-relationship-derived-from-dsd-data-using-a-non-w8bsxgtd.png Figure 4 Z-k relationship derived from DSD data using a non-linear power-law fit. 647 https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-use-of-experience-sampling-to-assess-episodic-3vp9dagfx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-logistic-multilevel-model-coefficients-for-the-3oupfeg9.png Table 6 Logistic multilevel model coefficients for the relationship between intention to act and thought orientation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-absolute-frequencies-of-self-reported-thought-3130cp36.png Table 3 Absolute frequencies of self-reported thought orientation by social engagement https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-multilevel-model-coefficients-for-the-e1pjtobr.png Table 2 Logistic multilevel model coefficients for the relationship between company and thought orientation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logistic-multilevel-model-coefficients-for-the-3ty7d3rh.png Table 4 Logistic multilevel model coefficients for the relationship between location and thought orientation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-logistic-multilevel-model-with-task-comprehension-3qhjbv9q.png Table 1 Logistic multilevel model with task comprehension score as a predictor of responses during repeated measures phase, nested by participant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-absolute-frequencies-of-self-reported-thought-1u5rzj3e.png Table 5 Absolute frequencies of self-reported thought orientation by location https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-utility-of-social-ecological-and-entomological-59wpdjd6i0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-fit-logistic-regression-model-of-household-2o8yd22r.png Table 2. Best-fit logistic regression model of household female Aedes aegypti presence in 218 Machala, Ecuador. 219 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-fit-logistic-regression-model-of-household-2vf5drlt.png Table 3. Best-fit logistic regression model of household presence of dengue cases in Machala, 229 Ecuador. 230 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagram-of-household-enrollment-and-data-collection-2v9lafto.png Figure 2. Diagram of household enrollment and data collection for cluster study design in 643 Machala, Ecuador. 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-social-ecological-variables-collected-2oc9z6p2.png Table 1. Summary of social-ecological variables collected from 2014–2016 household surveys 191 in Machala, Ecuador. Dengue survey households represent a subset of households where 192 entomological surveys were conducted. 193 https://scispace.com/papers/exploring-the-x-ray-and-g-ray-properties-of-the-redback-1quuxq0j5k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-averaged-x-ray-spectra-of-psr-j1723-2837-as-32eii7el.png Figure 2. Phase-averaged X-ray spectra of PSR J1723−2837 as observed by XMM-Newton and simultaneously fitted to an absorbed power-law model (upper panel) and contribution to the χ2-fit statistic (lower panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-background-subtracted-light-curves-of-psr-j1723-2z0fytjp.png Figure 1. Background-subtracted light curves of PSR J1723−2837 as observed by Chandra ACIS in 0.3–7 keV (upper panel) and by XMM-Newton in 0.3–10 keV with the data from all of the EPIC cameras combined (lower panel). The same data have been repeated for another orbital cycle in order to clearly demonstrate the modulation. The shaded region illustrates the range of the radio eclipse. The dotted line and the dashed line illustrate the phases of INFC and SUPC, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-background-subtracted-0-1-300-gev-g-ray-count-map-3vuezoip.png Figure 3. Background-subtracted 0.1–300 GeV γ -ray count map, smoothed with a Gaussian width of 0.◦3, of the 2◦ × 2◦ region centered on PSR J1723−2837, the radio timing position of which is indicated by the black cross. The blue circle indicates the error circle of the best-fit position at the 68% confidence level. The error eclipse of 1FGL J1725.5−2832, which is not regarded as a background source (see Section 2.3), is shown. https://scispace.com/papers/exponential-stability-region-estimates-for-the-state-4hqlqbdc0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-stability-region-estimates-for-ho5g3j7w.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the stability region estimates for Example 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-solutions-of-the-algebraic-riccati-equation-p-x-with-10j0pnvp.png Fig. 2. Solutions of the algebraic Riccati equation (P(x)) with respect to x1 in the Example 2. The solutions do not depend on x2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-the-stability-region-estimates-for-355bsiz7.png Fig. 1. Comparison of the stability region estimates for Example 1 https://scispace.com/papers/exposing-and-selling-the-use-of-web-services-an-option-to-be-4jfrp13y7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-validation-of-the-gmr-25loigsl.png Fig. 3. Validation of the GMR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-business-models-on-the-web-service-market-jn6ap6d9.png Fig. 1. Business Models on the Web Service Market https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-input-data-1o8ipuym.png Table 2. Input data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-it-landscape-of-the-mcrb-simplified-illustration-2fmi4ui2.png Fig. 2. IT landscape of the MCRB (simplified illustration). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sensitivity-analysis-2d1zk5x0.png Table 6. Sensitivity analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-the-model-results-and-the-realized-2xy3ybby.png Table 5. Comparison of the model results and the realized results at MCRB. Comparison model results vs. realized results https://scispace.com/papers/exposure-to-polychlorinated-biphenyls-and-hexachlorobenzene-267z1uzwz6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percentage-of-tc-cases-with-detected-and-undetected-24yhiaxs.png Fig. 1 Percentage of TC cases with detected and undetected serum values of PCBs with total sperm number <39 and ≥39 × 106 per ejaculate https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-semen-parameters-mean-sd-in-tc-cases-with-or-without-1rjvdck1.png Table 4 Semen parameters (mean ± SD) in TC cases with or without detectable levels of PCBs/HCB https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-occupational-and-dietary-exposure-to-eds-in-1cryrcvl.png Table 3 Occupational and dietary exposure to EDs in participants and their parents evaluated by JEM and food-consumption questionnaire https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-perinatal-and-congenital-characteristics-of-tc-cases-dxc59tau.png Table 1 Perinatal and congenital characteristics of TC cases and controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-age-and-sperm-parameters-mean-sd-in-tc-cases-and-35ehe1oo.png Table 2 Age and sperm parameters (mean ± SD) in TC cases and controls excluding azoospermic subjects https://scispace.com/papers/expression-analysis-of-hmgb1-in-histological-samples-of-2jergkos4a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistical-correlation-between-clinicopathological-33f623y4.png Table 4: Statistical correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and total HMGB1 expression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-inflamed-and-normal-pleuras-wvqd916q.png Table 3: Distribution of inflamed and normal pleuras according to different immunostaining scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-correlation-between-the-clinicopathological-lsbu1q2o.png Table 8. Correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics and gene expression of HMGB1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinicopathological-characteristics-of-the-studied-3p2yxses.png Table 1: Clinicopathological characteristics of the studied 170 MPM patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-distribution-of-mpm-patients-according-to-different-1hobdvf5.png Table 7 Distribution of MPM patients according to different mRNA expression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-and-multivariate-analysis-of-dss-for-the-25u4j90n.png Table 4: Statistical correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and total HMGB1 expression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-cases-according-to-different-3fcr9v9f.png Table 2: Distribution of cases according to different immunostaining scores. https://scispace.com/papers/extended-finite-element-methods-for-thin-cracked-plates-with-zm6vb75ioo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-rates-of-convergence-for-fem-and-xfem-oezjsfp1.png Table II. Rates of convergence for FEM and XFEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-first-test-case-condition-numbers-of-fem-and-xfem-2bpr6mvr.png Figure 20. First test-case, condition numbers of FEM and XFEM first strategy (with 2 or 4 nonsmooth dofs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-set-of-elements-which-represents-the-support-of-1n1jutw0.png Figure 14. Set of elements which represents the support of the nonsmooth functions (set X1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-first-test-case-convergence-curves-for-fem-and-3raplji5.png Figure 17. First test-case, convergence curves for FEM and XFEM on non-structured meshes. Top: triangular meshes. Bottom: quadrangular meshes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-first-test-case-condition-numbers-of-fem-and-all-3b6azooo.png Figure 21. First test-case, condition numbers of FEM and all XFEM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-second-test-case-condition-numbers-of-all-xfem-32bxtjc4.png Figure 22. Second test-case, condition numbers of all XFEM (with/without singular enrichment). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-set-of-nodes-enriched-by-the-nonsmooth-functions-1e23fomv.png Figure 13. Set of nodes enriched by the nonsmooth functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-rates-of-convergence-for-fem-and-xfem-3nnubjcp.png Table I. Rates of convergence for FEM and XFEM. https://scispace.com/papers/extending-the-habitat-concept-to-the-airspace-2noh468t2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-emergence-of-hexagenia-mayflies-from-western-lake-h4mhhkf4.png Fig. 3.2 Emergence of Hexagenia mayflies from western Lake Erie on 18 June 2015, 2204 CST as captured by Cleveland, Ohio weather radar, KCLE (white dot). Radar reflectivities (dBZ) show varying mayfly densities aloft. The line segment in the upper image (a) west of the radar identifies the south-to-north cross section through the radar’s volume scan shown below (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-4-weather-radars-capture-a-moment-during-the-onset-of-2uv38mka.png Fig. 3.4 Weather radars capture a moment during the onset of waterfowl migration toward the SSE across southeastern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois on 22 Nov 2010, at ~17:45 CST. A 10 km diameter airspace centered on O’Hare International Airport is represented by a yellow circle. The inset shows changes in the estimated number of birds within this circle as the migration begins and progresses. (The abundance calculation assumes mallard-sized birds for simplicity and because good estimates of radar cross section are available for Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to convert radar reflectivity to bird numbers (O’Neal et al. 2010; Chilson et al. 2012b); the likely presence of larger birds such as geese and perhaps some cranes reduces these estimates of bird abundances.). The arrow indicates when in the time series this radar capture occurred https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3-series-of-weather-radar-sweeps-showing-the-evening-3i9mnjof.png Fig. 3.3 Series of weather radar sweeps showing the evening exodus of Brazilian free-tailed bats from Frio Cave (yellow dot) near Concan, Texas, during the evening of 22 July 2014. The white dot shows the location of the weather radar (KDFX) at Laughlin AFB, Texas. Colors show differential phase, a radar polarimetry measure used here because it best distinguishes emerging bats (browns, yellows, and dark greens) from other radar bioscatterers (light green). The first four sweeps are separated by 10 min; the fifth sweep occurred 30 min after the fourth and shows the movement more developed and bats emerging from other roosts in the vicinity https://scispace.com/papers/extended-p-conjugated-ruthenium-zinc-porphyrin-complexes-1obq97mqkx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normalised-absorption-spectra-of-zn-por-ru-dimer-and-5atulcrb.png Fig. 1 Normalised absorption spectra of Zn–Por, Ru-dimer and Ru-trimer solutions in CHCl3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-concentration-dependence-of-the-nonlinear-refractive-3o6dawz5.png Fig. 3 Concentration dependence of the nonlinear refractive index (absolute value) of the Ru-dimer (red circles) and the Ru-trimer (blue open squares) in chloroform. The solid lines are linear fits to the experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-the-nonlinear-coefficients-n2-in-terms-1kvkrz2x.png Table 1 Analysis of the nonlinear coefficients (n2) in terms of the number of porphyrins and normalised by the n2 of Zn–Por a https://scispace.com/papers/extended-reconstructed-sea-surface-temperature-version-4-4mgrq9q61f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-as-in-fig-1-but-for-four-key-regions-a-the-nino-3-4-kydguwsp.png FIG. 2. As in Fig. 1, but for four key regions: (a) the Niño-3.4 region (68S–68N, 1208–1708W), (b) the region south of Greenland (408–608N, 248–568W), (c) the AMDR (108–208N, 308–608W), and (d) the Kuroshio region south of Japan (248–348N, 1308–1468E). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-examples-of-the-spatial-nonlinearity-and-linearity-of-14tn31bn.png FIG. 6. Examples of the spatial nonlinearity and linearity of parameter combinations: (a)–(c) A nonlinear example of STD calculated fromCOADS andUKMONMATbasis for bias adjustments; (d)–(f) the linear example of ship–buoy of 0.148C andEOT critical sampling at 0.08; (top) the sum of the SPP perturbations; (middle) the equivalent DPP estimate; and (bottom) the difference between these two cases and for linear combinations, which is shown to be almost zero everywhere. The index of parameter (P) follows the index in Table 1, and the index of parameter option (opt) follows the index in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-settings-in-ersst-v4-operational-and-2va9h70h.png TABLE 1. Parameter settings in ERSST.v4 operational and ensemble runs. A total of 9 of the changed parameters included in ERSST.v4 (Part I) have been varied, and for each parameter, 2–4 options are possible (operational product settings and 1–3 alternates). These 9 parameters can be categorized into two groups: observation-related and system-dependent parameters. Parameters 1 and 3 belong to the former, while the others belong to the latter. The operational run in ERSST.v4 is conducted by using the first selection of each of the parameters shown in the table. Meanwhile, 100-ensemble runs are carried out via a Monte Carlo ensemble approach in which a random sampling is repeated until achieving 100 unique sets of parameter combinations, based on a probability weighting on each parameter option, in the form of percentage (given in parentheses—in each case, the ensemble will, on average, sample the ERSST.v4 setting more than the alternates). Note, here bias adjustments prior to 1886 are set as the annual cycle in 1886, since the NMAT data in HadNMAT2 and UKMO NMAT are not deemed reliable before 1886 by the dataset creators (Kent et al. 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-global-distribution-of-the-sst-warming-trend-1910-2012-1sjxmij9.png FIG. 3. Global distribution of the SST warming trend (1910–2012) of the ERSST.v4 operational run. The trend is calculated from monthly data and only illustrated when it exceeds a 95% significance based on a two-tailed Student’s t test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-ratio-rij-see-text-formore-details-indpp-runs-in-1ina4v5i.png TABLE 3. The ratio rij (see text formore details) inDPP runs. In ERSST.v4, besides the operational setting, 9 parameters (P1–P9) and 14 parameter options (index 1–14, as shown in Table 2) are considered. The nonlinearity between any two parameters is evaluated by rij with a threshold of 0.1 [i.e., rij # 0:1 implies linearity (values in italics), while rij . 0:1 implies nonlinearity]. Note the following: (i) linearity is evaluated between ship–buoy adjustment (P5, option 7–8) and EOTweighting (P8, option 12), albeit a rij 5 0:12 that is slightly higher than but not significantly different from the 0.1 threshold, especially considering an obvious gap between this combination and all nonlinear combinations. (ii) The ratio rij corresponds to a symmetric matrix, so the top right part shows the value of rij, and the bottom left part denotes assigned linearity (L) or nonlinearity (N) in parameter combinations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-as-in-fig-6-but-for-the-four-key-regions-see-fig-2-1cuakuiy.png FIG. 8. As in Fig. 6, but for the four key regions (see Fig. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-box-and-whisker-plots-of-the-trend-of-mean-sst-1910-3mpfl9cj.png FIG. 11. Box-and-whisker plots of the trend of mean SST (1910–2012) in ensemble and operational runs from ERSST.v4 over the globe, the collocated ERSST.v4 with HadSST3 within 608S–608N, andHadSST3 within 608S–608N. The box shows the median, the lower quartile, and the upper quartile for the ensemble members. The black crosses indicate the lower and upper extreme of the ensemble members. The trend of operational run is denoted by a black dot. For ERSST.v4, trends of the global-mean SST from SPP runs (cross) and two additional runs (triangle, see text for the details of these two runs) are shown on the right on the box. All the results are calculated from monthly data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-annual-mean-sstas-relative-to-a-priordefined-reference-1yn39dtk.png FIG. 7. Annual-mean SSTAs relative to a priordefined reference climatological SST (1971–2000) for (a) globe, (b) 608S–608N, (c) 608–908N, (d) 308–608N, (e) 308S–308N, (f) 608S–308N, and (g) 908–608S in ERSST.v4 ensemble runs (orange), the operational run (black), and the ensemble mean (light green). https://scispace.com/papers/extending-the-usable-ka-band-spectrum-for-satellite-4n33j8dc7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-channel-occupancy-at-an-fss-point-in-se-uk-for-a-free-2i51m90j.png Fig. 4. Channel occupancy at an FSS point in SE UK for (a)Free space loss model and (b) Full ITU model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cdf-of-fs-bandwidth-available-for-threshold-of-154dbw-32nzxuls.png Fig. 5. CDF of FS bandwidth available for threshold of -154dBW/MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-per-beam-throughput-mbps-for-scenario-b-2x19pcy2.png Table 6. Per beam throughput (Mbps) for Scenario B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-per-beam-throughput-mbps-for-scenario-b-krw6cuhk.png Table 5. Per beam throughput (Mbps) for Scenario B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-selected-beams-according-to-fs-antenna-density-3gv4xvob.png Fig. 9. Selected beams according to FS antenna density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-a-real-interference-map-and-the-39af05es.png Fig. 6. Comparison between a real interference map and the detected interference map by exploiting the ED. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simulation-parameters-for-scenario-b-36ayl691.png Table 4. Simulation Parameters for Scenario B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-selected-beams-according-to-fs-antenna-density-3ca6in6z.png Fig. 8. Selected beams according to FS antenna density. https://scispace.com/papers/extension-of-the-ildm-method-to-the-domain-of-slow-chemistry-40wgy54qdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-projections-of-the-state-space-onto-the-co2-h2o-planes-2kqpm9nq.png Fig. 4. Projections of the state space onto the CO2–H2O planes. Solid lines are stationary solutions, dashed lines are projections of the boundary manifolds, and mesh in (b) is the projection of the 2D ILDM, mesh in (c) is the projection of the 3D ILDM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-projections-of-the-state-space-onto-3d-co2-h2o-oh-3vc8zbg7.png Fig. 5. Projections of the state space onto 3D (CO2– H2O–OH) space. Solid lines are stationary solutions starting at different initial points and having the same element composition and enthalpy. Bricks show the 3D ILDM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-stationary-profiles-of-major-species-co2-a-and-minor-79y4wjb5.png Fig. 6. Stationary profiles of major species CO2 (a) and minor H2O2 (b) and projections of the stationary solutions onto the CO2–H2O2 plane (c) and onto the CO2–HO2 plane (d). Solid line, detailed calculation; dashed line, the stationary solution based on the 1D extended ILDM, solid line with circles is the stationary solution using the 2D modified ILDM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-projections-of-the-state-space-onto-h2o-ho2-planes-cqs0r4jh.png Fig. 1. Projections of the state space onto H2O–HO2 planes. Solid lines are stationary solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-the-phase-space-with-asymptotical-domains-qu8g67ow.png Fig. 2. Sketch of the phase space with asymptotical domains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-projection-of-the-state-space-onto-co2-h2o-oh-space-1vy4uai1.png Fig. 3. Projection of the state space onto CO2–H2O–OH space. Solid lines are stationary solutions for detailed kinetics, reduced by 1D and 2D modified ILDMs. Mesh shows the extended 2D ILDM. https://scispace.com/papers/extension-of-einstein-s-law-for-power-law-fluid-to-describe-in24vbmg9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sphere-in-rotation-and-b-cross-sectional-diagram-of-2023frwn.png FIG. 2. (a) Sphere in rotation and (b) cross sectional diagram of a sphere rotating about a vertical axis divided into infinitesimal rings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-viscosities-of-pure-high-density-polyethylene-hdpe-3bbfyttt.png FIG. 5. The viscosities of pure high density polyethylene (HDPE), HDPE with fibers 10% weight fraction, HDPE with fibers 50% weight fraction compared with the viscosities predicted by the Einstein power law model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-viscosities-of-pp-and-pe-as-a-function-of-the-nqy9m8e1.png FIG. 6. The viscosities of PP and PE as a function of the shear rate. PE, polyethylene; PP, polypropylene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-instrumented-die-for-measuring-the-pressure-drop-liey3j0w.png FIG. 7. Instrumented die for measuring the pressure drop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-flow-in-a-classical-couette-and-b-flow-in-a-couette-1fxtlpun.png FIG. 4. (a) Flow in a classical Couette and (b) flow in a Couette where spherical rings are considered cylinders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-three-dimensional-diagram-of-the-sphere-and-the-liquid-7d1ycuwx.png FIG. 3. Three-dimensional diagram of the sphere and the liquid rings. https://scispace.com/papers/external-effects-of-education-human-capital-spillovers-in-1gqqdqbwyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-for-ols-and-fixed-effects-341ldkep.png Table 2: Estimation Results for OLS and Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-k8a492mw.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/extensional-shear-zones-as-imaged-by-reflection-seismic-2e4wzcz5r3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-detail-of-line-a-b-line-drawing-and-c-geological-a6p07gdj.png Fig. 5. (a) Detail of line A; (b) line drawing; and (c) geological interpretation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-geological-interpretation-of-the-larderello-1i81mzqw.png Fig. 10. Geological interpretation of the Larderello geothermal area. The main extensional shear zones and the top of the brittle–ductile transition are shown. The brittle–ductile transition is activated as a top-to-NE shear zone. Light grey: sedimentary cover. Arrows indicate the sense of shear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-structural-map-of-southern-tuscany-showing-349nnomw.png Fig. 1. Simplified structural map of southern Tuscany showing the main extensional structures, the ages of the main magmatic bodies, and the Larderello geothermal area. Miocene and Pliocene transfer zones correspond to transverse shear zones coeval with extensional faults. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-line-drawing-of-migrated-line-b-datum-plane-is-200-m-15bwitc9.png Fig. 6. (a) Line drawing of migrated line B. Datum plane is 200 m above sea level. The dashed rectangle indicates the area shown in the Fig. 7. (b) Geological interpretation of the line drawing. (c) Geological section obtained integrating borehole stratigraphies, field data, and the reflection seismics interpretation. Location of outcropping normal faults is shown by black arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-contour-lines-showing-the-predicted-location-of-the-10npq5vw.png Fig. 9. Contour lines showing the predicted location of the three main extensional shear zones characterising the crustal structure of the Larderello area. Symbols a, b, and c denote normal faults related to the Serrazzano Basin, the Monterotondo zone, and the Pomarance– Radicondoli Basin, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geological-sketch-map-of-the-larderello-area-traces-of-3vdrk5fo.png Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of the Larderello area. Traces of the analysed reflection lines are shown by dotted lines. Lines A and B are shown in Figs. 4–7. Parts of lines C and D are shown in Fig. 8. Key: (1) Quaternary continental sediments; (2) Pliocene marine sediments; (3) Miocene continental, brackish, and marine sediments; (4) Ligurian Complex (Jurassic–Oligocene); (5) Tuscan Complex: Late Triassic–Early Miocene sedimentary sequence; (6) Tuscan Complex: late Triassic basal evaporite; (7) Paleozoic phyllite; (8) normal faults; (9) mineralized normal faults; (10) trace of seismic lines (from Cameli et al., 2000); (11) location of boreholes (Lazzarotto, 1967; Franceschini, 1994; Cameli et al., 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-detail-of-the-line-b-b-line-drawing-and-c-geological-2upy8d39.png Fig. 7. (a) Detail of the line B; (b) line drawing; and (c) geological interpretation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tectono-stratigraphic-units-recognised-in-the-2snin0gb.png Fig. 3. Tectono-stratigraphic units recognised in the Larderello area: MPQ—Quaternary, Pliocene, and Miocene sediments; Tuscan Nappe (TN): TN2—Early Miocene–Rhetic sequence; TN1—Late Triassic evaporites;Monticiano–Roccastrada Unit (MRU):MRU3— Mesozoic–Paleozoic Group, made up of dolostones and limestones (Late Triassic), quartz meta-conglomerates, quartzites, and phyllites (Verrucano Group, Middle–Early Triassic), sandstones, phyllites (Middle–Late Carboniferous–Early Permian); MRU2—Phyllitic– Quartzitic Group; MRU1—Paleozoic Micaschist Group; BA— Gneiss Complex; MG—magmatic intrusions. Interval velocities are displayed on the right (from Batini et al., 1978). https://scispace.com/papers/external-bootstrap-tests-for-parameter-stability-1jek5ewadp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lm-cusum-and-rv-statistics-for-the-linear-regression-3o4oev3b.png Table 2 LM, CUSUM and RV statistics for the linear regression model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lagrange-multiplier-statistic-for-the-box-cox-model-35o4huvx.png Table 1 Lagrange multiplier statistic for the Box–Cox model https://scispace.com/papers/external-parasite-control-50pj80k9g9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-right-lice-may-feed-in-clumps-generally-on-the-more-uqsu3d5y.png Figure 2, right. Lice may feed in clumps, generally on the more tender areas of the skin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-external-parasite-control-products-2gqtgquq.png Table 1. External parasite control products. https://scispace.com/papers/extraction-of-finite-element-basis-functions-from-the-3fqdmf5wmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-pyramid-c-3cuqd55l.png Fig. 3. Example of pyramid C( ; ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cartesian-cells-and-ym80gzgh.png Fig. 2. Cartesian cells , and . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-geometry-of-a-brake-retarder-only-1-8-12uevhfe.png Fig. 4. Geometry of a brake retarder (only 1/8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pyramidal-elements-on-the-surface-of-the-rotor-2l39pfhw.png Fig. 5. Pyramidal elements on the surface of the rotor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evaluation-of-the-magnetic-torque-14nndzcc.png Fig. 6. Evaluation of the magnetic torque. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-2-simplex-p-p-p-45m06jdd.png Fig. 1. A 2-simplex = p p p . https://scispace.com/papers/extracting-and-matching-authors-and-affiliations-in-4exmmgld8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-same-co-author-network-as-in-figure-1-where-the-2z497evu.png Figure 9: The same co-author network as in Figure 1 where the affiliation data is provided automatically by Enlil, compiled from freely-available publications. The circled group indicates a discrepancy in comparison to the ground truth in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-of-a-co-author-network-coded-with-3k0pa3c7.png Figure 1: An example of a co-author network coded with institutional affiliations. Like-colored nodes indicate identical affiliations and edges represent publications. Blue edges indicate coauthorship among authors in the same institution; red, across institutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-examples-of-incorrect-classifications-by-the-second-32ysrvs8.png Figure 6: Examples of incorrect classifications by the second stage of preprocessing by Sectlabel, in which an Editor line is misclassified as Author, and a part of an institution is misclassified as Footnote. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-of-name-splitting-3ott3x2s.png Figure 3: An example of name splitting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-enlils-system-architecture-the-rounded-rectangle-81sueg55.png Figure 2: Enlil’s system architecture. The rounded rectangle indicates the system modules detailed in this paper; modules outlined by dashes indicate preprocessing steps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-institution-name-extraction-comparison-between-the-o0g5sk2a.png Table 6: Institution name extraction comparison between the cross-domain full and clean dataset, using exact match. Relaxed results are identical. Significant improvement denoted by “*” (p < 0.05) and “**” (p < 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-enlils-affiliation-matching-comparison-between-enlil-v99xc4s8.png Table 4: Enlil’s affiliation matching comparison between Enlil and SHP on the cross-domain full and clean datasets. Exact match results shown, with relaxed matching results shown in parentheses. Significant improvement in Enlil between the full and clean datasets denoted by “*” (p < 0.05) and “**” (p < 0.01). “†” indicates significance (p < 0.01) of Enlil’s performance over SHP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-of-names-in-different-columns-in-a-rich-1y2tavre.png Figure 4: An example of names in different columns in a rich text format document. https://scispace.com/papers/extraction-of-uranium-from-non-saline-and-hypersaline-ptqq6wuag3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chloride-concentrations-in-saline-and-hypersaline-3552l3zu.png Figure 1. Chloride concentrations in Saline and Hypersaline liquors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-simulant-liquor-used-for-loading-gi9ge93n.png Table 2. Composition of Simulant Liquor used for Loading Isotherms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-manufacturer-specifications-purolite-s930-and-307503ca.png Table 1. Manufacturer Specifications Purolite S930+ and similar resins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-functionality-of-purolite-s930-resin-ruib1mof.png Figure 2. Functionality of Purolite S930+ resin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-extraction-of-uo22-cu2-and-fe3-by-purolite-s930-as-21g3wck2.png Figure 5. Extraction of UO22+, Cu2+ and Fe3+ by Purolite S930+ as a function of pH in HCl media at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-normalised-exafs-decay-spectra-of-purolite-s930-dyvmetn9.png Figure 8. Normalised EXAFS decay spectra of Purolite S930+ loaded with UO22+ in non-saline and hypersaline conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-exafs-spectra-of-purolite-s930-loaded-with-uo22-in-3i2yp2i0.png Figure 9. EXAFS spectra of Purolite S930+ loaded with UO22+ in K-space (A) and R-space (B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-schematic-representation-of-uranyl-bound-to-1u09flpw.png Figure 12. Schematic representation of uranyl bound to Purolite S930+. https://scispace.com/papers/extracting-the-global-signal-from-21-cm-fluctuations-the-1ct5kl211p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-global-21-cm-signals-for-case-1-black-v6dz1xsu.png Figure 1. Simulated global 21-cm signals for Case 1 (black), Case 2 (orange), and Case 3 (purple). Vertical dotted lines show the redshifts of the heating transition. Horizontal dotted line shows marks T21 = 0 for reference. https://scispace.com/papers/extreme-ultraviolet-observational-consequences-of-the-1g2xjasn8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-energy-histogram-for-the-size-of-a-heating-event-2urlyr59.png Fig. 1.— (a)Energy histogram for the size of a heating event versus the number of times it occurs during the simulation across all 125 strands. This has been fitted with a straight line, to show the power law slope of α = 2.29; (b)Location histogram displaying the preferential location of the nanoflare events within the loop. Two extremes are considered -apex (......) and footpoint ( . . . ) dominant heating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-profile-along-the-length-of-the-loop-9qd5s3xp.png Fig. 5.— Temperature profile along the length of the loop derived using 284/195 filter ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-single-filter-ratio-temperature-evolution-at-the-loop-2vv3bkvn.png Fig. 4.— Single filter ratio temperature evolution at the loop apex for (a) ADH and (b) FDH loop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-averaged-emission-measure-weighted-temperature-3cztql3t.png Fig. 3.— Time averaged emission measure weighted temperature profile along the half loop length ADH (.....) and FDH ( ) over a time period of ∼ 1500s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-combined-improved-filter-ratio-temperature-evolution-1tuj223n.png Fig. 7.— Combined improved filter ratio temperature evolution using three TRACE passbands for the FDH case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-evolution-of-tem-at-the-loop-apex-for-three-cases-3poc7est.png Fig. 2.— Time evolution of TEM at the loop apex for three cases (a) apex dominant heating (ADH) (b) spatially uniform heating (UNI) and a (c) footpoint dominant heating (FDH). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-data-points-in-green-on-the-c-c-plot-for-a-32gg87he.png Fig. 6.— Simulated data points in green on the C-C plot for (a) ADH and (b) FDH loop. Note that the solid line is the C-C temperature curve. https://scispace.com/papers/eye-movement-evaluation-in-multiple-sclerosis-and-parkinson-3hh0x7ann5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-same-as-figure-7-and-significantly-different-2ej4qhw6.png FIGURE 8 | Same as Figure 7. and significantly different amplitude and velocity (Figurxxe). Overall the PD group showed more significant deviations from controls compared to the MS group and significantly different amplitude and velocity (xxxxxxxxxxx). Overall the PD group showed more significant deviations from controls compared to the MS group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-an-in-depth-overview-of-the-oculomotor-performance-j4a53szi.png FIGURE 7 | An in-depth overview of the oculomotor performance of three MS patients, three PD patients, and two age-matched controls. (A) Normalized spatio-temporal properties (STP). We consider an STP feature abnormal if its deviates 2 or more standard deviations from the normative value (indicated in green). (B) Normalized saccadic frequency distributions. (C) Normalized saccadic dynamics (amplitude and peak velocity), as a function of saccade direction. The results are stratified per quartile, separately for amplitude and peak velocity. Each quartile has its own normative boundaries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-ms-and-pd-group-analysis-of-normalized-spatio-3klxmp6p.png FIGURE 5 | (A) MS and PD group analysis of normalized spatio-temporal properties. (B) Normalized saccadic frequency distribution as a function of direction. (C) Normalized saccadic amplitude as a function of direction. (D) Normalized saccadic peak velocity as a function of direction. The results of the saccadic dynamics are stratified per quartile. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between normative values obtained from the control group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-example-of-a-time-series-of-eye-movements-1wiepjr2.png FIGURE 1 | (A) Example of a time series of eye movements’ positions recorded during a trial of 20 s of the tracking task. (B) Example of eye acceleration and the value of the adaptive saccadic threshold for one eye plotted as a function of time. The adaptive threshold (in red) at any given time point is computed as the standard deviation of acceleration distribution in the preceding 60 samples, multiplied by a constant (K = 3.4). Whenever acceleration exceeds the momentary threshold, the time point is marked as being part of a saccade. (C) Back-projection of the time points marked as being part of a saccade onto the original time series of eye positions (top figure showing the horizontal and the bottom figure showing the vertical component). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-saccadic-main-sequences-in-the-three-examined-1d8a6ysi.png FIGURE 2 | Saccadic main-sequences in the three examined groups of observers. The individual saccades (scatter plot) display the classic exponential relationship between amplitude and peak velocity, with no statistically significant differences between Control, MS, and PD groups: all 95% prediction intervals overlap with each other. Also when taken separately (marginal histograms), the amplitude and peak velocity distributions do not differ between groups or between eyes. https://scispace.com/papers/extreme-value-theory-based-integrity-monitoring-of-global-48p2by8h6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-methodology-for-statistical-analysis-1yntjfc1.png Fig. 3. Methodology for statistical analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stations-chosen-for-analysis-3mc9esc5.png Table 1: Stations Chosen for Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-gev-rejection-tables-for-residual-data-sets-28c1ancs.png Table 9: GEV Rejection Tables for residual data sets: Percentage summary across all statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-raim-architecture-adapted-from-feng-et-al-2006-2f7ufto8.png Fig. 1: General RAIM Architecture (adapted from Feng et al., 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-residual-data-set-statistical-summary-across-all-2bn48ksx.png Table 2. Residual Data Set Statistical Summary Across all periods (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-residual-data-set-statistical-summary-per-year-for-3gdfkwoy.png Table 3: Residual Data Set Statistical Summary per year for the equatorial stations (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-residuals-gev-distribution-parameter-estimates-33ygjw1r.png Table 8: Residuals GEV Distribution Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-residuals-descriptive-statistics-units-m-2iami1ex.png Table 4: Residuals Descriptive Statistics (units m) https://scispace.com/papers/extremely-low-threshold-current-density-ingaas-quantum-well-35js4b4e36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-threshold-current-densities-of-ingaas-qw-3r7v3mqa.png FIG. 5. Comparison of threshold current densities of InGaAs QW laser the 1100–1250 nm wavelength regime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-relation-of-output-power-per-facet-p-and-the-total-bmxp072i.png FIG. 3. The relation of output power per facet (P) and the total injected current (I ) for In0.4Ga0.6As QW lasers with a cavity length of 1000mm at a temperature of 20 °C. The inset shows the lasing spectrum at 20 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photoluminescence-spectra-comparison-of-1170-nm-in0-othnmy1s.png FIG. 2. Photoluminescence spectra comparison of 1170 nm In0.35Ga0.65As QW and 1210 nm In0.4Ga0.6As QW active region. https://scispace.com/papers/fa-stac-a-framework-for-fast-and-accurate-static-timing-1lh6jyh1qg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-accurate-analysis-of-coupling-capacitance-3g6d1chj.png Fig. 2. Accurate analysis of coupling capacitance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-timing-analysis-with-crosstalk-is-a-mutual-dependence-3qw1i3xi.png Fig. 1. Timing analysis with crosstalk is a mutual dependence problem: (a) local problem; (b) global problem https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-performance-enhancement-results-12uppxky.png TABLE II PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-model-accuracy-results-58jl1juz.png TABLE I MODEL ACCURACY RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-coupling-factor-computation-1bpmggwq.png Fig. 4. Coupling factor computation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-parameter-selection-for-coupling-factor-computation-1t9ozpnp.png Fig. 5. Parameter selection for coupling factor computation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-window-overlap-cases-uq8g312s.png Fig. 3. Window overlap cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-exploit-circuit-structure-by-clustering-2gp94vxz.png Fig. 6. Exploit circuit structure by clustering https://scispace.com/papers/fabrication-and-characterization-of-mechanical-resonators-3m30egsy3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-properties-of-the-layers-of-the-cantilever-h8cb6svp.png TABLE I. PROPERTIES OF THE LAYERS OF THE CANTILEVER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-integrated-piezoelectric-stack-1uzpqvqi.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the integrated piezoelectric stack. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-the-microcontact-printed-pzt-1vih6fog.png Fig. 3. SEM images of the microcontact printed PZT microcantilevers. (a) Short cantilever, (b) Long cantilever. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fabrication-process-of-the-microcontact-printed-pzt-vj6r9g88.png Fig. 2. Fabrication process of the microcontact printed PZT microcantilever. The colors used for each material corresponds to those of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-sketch-of-the-electrical-detection-scheme-bjsomw66.png Fig. 4. Schematic sketch of the electrical detection scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-resonance-spectrum-of-the-piezoelectric-cantilever-30th9tkl.png Fig. 5. Resonance spectrum of the piezoelectric cantilever before poling treatment: (a) the short cantilever, (b) the long cantilever. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-piezoelecric-responses-of-a-the-short-and-b-the-long-30wacsfk.png Fig. 6. Piezoelecric responses of (a) the short and (b) the long cantilever as a function of the actuation voltage after poling treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-linear-slopes-of-the-generated-charges-at-resonance-as-2rhm7m7v.png Fig. 7. Linear slopes of the generated charges at resonance as a function of the actuation voltage after poling treatment: (a) The short cantilever, (b) the long cantilever. https://scispace.com/papers/fabrication-and-deterministic-transfer-of-high-quality-4be94jv3qs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-characterization-of-fabricated-defects-a-pgpjx7tc.png Figure 2. Optical characterization of fabricated defects. (a) Spectrum measured in-reflection after an ultrasteep long-pass filter (opening at 530 nm) coupled into a high-resolution spectrometer. Excited at a wavelength of 522 nm, the ZPL is at 553.23(5) nm with a line width of 2.82(10) nm. (b) Second-order correlation function dipping at zero time delay to 0.330(28) (obtained from fit). (c) Time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrashort pulsed laser, revealing an excited state lifetime of τ = 1.123(7) ns. (d) Log−log plot of the photoluminescence response as a function of excitation power. The orange-shaded area (slope α < 1) indicates emission from defects, while the orange line (α = 1) corresponds to free excitonic emission and the green line (α = 2) biexcitonic emission. The slope α = 0.350(54) < 1 of the linear fit confirms defect emission. (e) Spectrally resolved power-dependence measurement. The emitter showed some power-dependent photobleaching. (f) Long-term stability of a defect over a duration of 8 months (normalized and vertically offset for clarity). The center of the ZPL remains stable within ±2.5 nm, while its line width increases with time. (g) Spectrum of the best single-photon emitter we found with a ZPL at 566.04(4) nm and a line width of 1.31(7) nm. 8.7% of the emission is into the ZPL. (h) The second-order correlation of the defect with the spectrum shown in (g) dips to 0.033(47) at zero time delay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-full-process-cycle-for-hbn-quantum-emitter-146bxh4e.png Figure 4. Full process cycle for hBN quantum emitter fabrication. The left column shows the processes introduced, and the right column shows the characterization and selection of samples. The central column shows the development of the sample. hBN flakes are initially exfoliated from the bulk crystal. The flakes are first optically identified using contrast-enhanced microscopy. Appropriate flakes are selected for a dry contact transfer to Si/ SiO2 substrates. The transferred flakes are again selected for flake thickness measurement using phase-shift interferometry (PSI). Depending on the optical path length value, the exact physical thickness is measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Crystals with thicknesses in the suitable range undergo oxygen plasma etching and thermal annealing, after which they are fully optically characterized in a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) setup. Flakes with good photophysical properties could be transferred onto waveguides or fibers, where the single-photon sources could be used in a potential quantum optics experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deterministic-transfer-of-a-quantum-emitter-a-d-20acwgp9.png Figure 3. Deterministic transfer of a quantum emitter. (a, d) Optical microscope image before and after the transfer at 1000× magnification. The locations of defects D1 and D2 are marked with yellow dots. (b, e) Spectrum of D2 before and after the transfer. The ZPL peaks at 567.61(8) nm, which is marginally blue-shifted to 567.39(13) nm after the transfer. The small inset in (e) shows the spectrum before the plasma cleaning: From a fit four peaks can be extracted, which can be assigned to PVP (blue), NVP (green), and PVA (orange). The horizontal axis has the same scale as the large spectrum, while its vertical axis is on a much larger scale. (c, f) Time-resolved photoluminescence response before and after the transfer. The excited state lifetime is τ = 468(8) ps and is shortened to τ = 375(15) ps after the transfer. The purity remains approximately constant (small insets), with g(2) = 0.416(55) and g(2) = 0.433(57) before and after the transfer, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fabrication-parameters-a-optical-microscope-image-3ok50vo4.png Figure 1. Fabrication parameters. (a) Optical microscope image of an hBN crystal. (b) PSI image of the crystal. The small inset shows the OPL difference along the dashed line. (c) RCWA simulations of the physical thickness as a function of OPL for hBN on Si/SiO2, calibrated with AFM and PSI measurements. For OPLs around 50 nm the simulations become ambiguous. (d) The linear defect density increases linearly with the plasma power. The plasma time was 1 min. (e) At a constant plasma power of 100 W the linear defect density remains approximately constant for different plasma times. (f) Influence of the annealing temperature on the average ZPL brightness. The error bars denote the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/papers/fabrication-and-transfer-of-fragile-3d-pdms-microstructures-1yp8a0ri04 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-investigated-materials-and-methods-3b6uzeya.png Table 1. Overview of the investigated materials and methods, indicating the combinations allowing successful fabrication of 35 μm thin, 1 cm2 large area membranes ( ) and densely packed vias (•). The optimal combination of material and methods to achieve both membranes and vias is highlighted with dotted boxes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-transfer-process-using-pva-film-as-a-carrier-1tk0s400.png Figure 1. (a) Transfer process using PVA film as a carrier. Steps 1–3 are similar to traditional decal transfer methods. Instead of traditional mechanical removal by carrier, the described method involves dissolution of the carrier, as shown in step 4. (b) Principle of the inhibition process to produce through-hole vias in PDMS, as described by Carlborg et al [24]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transfer-processes-and-results-of-chip-sized-2whlyd97.png Figure 5. Transfer processes and results of chip sized structures (top) and wafer-sized structures (bottom) using PVA film as a carrier. (a), (b) PDMS clamped between a SU-8/Si mould and a PVA film-covered glass plate. (c), (d) The PVA-PDMS assemblies after demoulding. (e), ( f ) Assemblies were transferred to silicon substrates, onto which release was done. The arrows implicate the direction of peeling of the film. (g), (h) The transferred and released PDMS structures resting on silicon surfaces. Photos (c), (d) have been treated with contrast enhancement for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-inhibition-results-using-pillar-moulds-and-a-1ng4lo94.png Figure 6. Inhibition results using pillar moulds and a silanized PVA-PC cover plate, showing perfect yield of the vias fabrication method in four different regions of the PDMS structure. The moulds consisted of 50 μm high pillars of various sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-process-flow-most-suited-for-the-manufacturing-of-1rh8on88.png Figure 2. Process flow most suited for the manufacturing of PDMS structures containing both thin membranes and densely spaced vias. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-transfer-and-inhibition-using-a-silanized-pva-pc-1q994sze.png Figure 7. Transfer and inhibition using a silanized PVA-PC cover plate, showing (a) the result after tuning the degree of inhibition to allow simultaneous fabrication of (b) through-hole vias and (c) a 35 μm thin, 1 cm2 large area membrane. This structure was assembled with a second layer, containing structures for pneumatic valving, shown in (d). (e) Microfluidic channels were visualized using dyed water introduced via the tubes. ( f ), (g) The functionality of the fluidic connections between the layers was investigated using the integrated pneumatic valves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-alternative-methods-for-transfer-and-release-23pw866e.png Figure 4. Two alternative methods for transfer and release, using either a stack consisting of PVA film laminated to a support plate (top) or a PVA spin-coated carrier (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-two-methods-for-preparing-pva-1h760bg6.png Figure 3. Illustration of the two methods for preparing PVA carriers. (a) Lamination of PVA film to a support plate. (b) Spin-deposition of PVA solution onto the carrier surface. (d) Submersion of the carrier into an amine silane bath with subsequent (e) rinsing and drying of the carrier, in order to obtain a PDMS polymerization inhibiting substrate. https://scispace.com/papers/fabrication-of-detectors-and-transistors-on-high-resistivity-53hggs8546 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-fabrication-process-used-in-this-work-rntq66c7.png Fig 1 The fabrication process used in this work. https://scispace.com/papers/fabrication-of-full-density-near-nanostructured-cemented-2xakduj7rf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-15zft8ue.png Figure 6 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-17gqawio.png Figure 2 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zphsxwsj.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-a67f99qm.png Figure 3 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3qmw4tjr.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-3sf681lu.png Figure 4 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-5qnb36x1.png Figure 5 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-hvay0etl.png Figure 1 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/papers/fabrication-of-nanopores-using-the-controlled-dielectric-2cvao0uq98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transmembrane-current-at-15v-as-a-function-of-time-2yd66rym.png Fig. 4. Transmembrane current at 15V as a function of time from 1h:31m:13s with peak at 1h:52m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transmembrane-current-as-a-function-of-applied-voltage-3ecghl8r.png Fig. 5. Transmembrane current as a function of applied voltage after drilling process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-application-of-transmembrane-electric-potential-29cx6utm.png Fig. 1. Application of transmembrane electric potential, generation of electric field, leakage current and accumulation of traps (left), and creation of the nanopore (right) [3]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transmembrane-current-as-a-function-of-applied-voltage-1j8bulqb.png Fig. 3. Transmembrane current as a function of applied voltage before the drilling process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-of-electronic-connections-of-the-acc-based-on-1hzv75jf.png Fig. 2. Diagram of electronic connections of the ACC (based on [3]). https://scispace.com/papers/fabrication-of-polystyrene-microfluidic-devices-using-a-3nlmcmpahx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-depths-of-the-microchannels-ablated-with-different-3q53br9n.png Fig. 4 Depths of the microchannels ablated with different laser powers and cutting speeds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-width-of-the-microchannels-ablated-with-different-bcyssebs.png Fig. 5 Width of the microchannels ablated with different laser powers and cutting speeds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-profiles-of-the-polystyrene-crossmicrochannels-formed-19wk9um8.png Fig. 3 Profiles of the polystyrene crossmicrochannels formed with cutting speed of 300 mm/s and laser power of 1.5 W, 2.25 W and 3.8 W (from left to right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-afm-image-of-the-irradiated-area-on-polystyrene-with-3hbhi1ud.png Fig. 2 AFM image of the irradiated area on polystyrene with laser power of 0.4 W and cutting speed of 300 mm/s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-laminar-flows-in-the-polystyrene-microfluidic-device-2lc1tzc7.png Fig. 11 Laminar flows in the polystyrene microfluidic device https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-microchannel-pattern-on-ps-substrate-21nj11y4.png Fig. 8 Schematic microchannel pattern on PS substrate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-discrete-droplets-of-water-solution-in-continuous-3u6drjsf.png Fig. 10 Discrete droplets of water solution in continuous flow of mineral oil https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-setup-for-microfluidic-droplets-generator-1pg2n0my.png Fig. 9 Experimental setup for microfluidic droplets generator. The mineral oil and water solution of Cresol Red were injected simultaneously into the inlet tubing by separate syringe pumps https://scispace.com/papers/face-inversion-reveals-holistic-processing-of-peripheral-4dimpbpkue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-behavioral-face-inversion-effects-2g5lbeaf.png Fig. 3. Relationship between behavioral face inversion effects at each position. Dots represent individual subjects (N=16). The left and the right panels show the relationship between foveal and peripheral FIEs, in LVF and RVF, respectively. The middle panel shows significant correlation between the FIE of the LVF and the RVF. Diagonal lines indicate linear least-squares fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-grand-average-erp-waveforms-at-two-occipital-2yvzyj3f.png Fig. 5. A. Grand average ERP waveforms at two occipital electodes (PO7, left and PO8 right hemisphere respectively). ERPs are shown as a function of Position (IL, CL, C) and Orientation (UP, INV) B. Results of the ERP analysis. Blue bars indicitace amplitude for upright faces, while grey bars show amplitude of ERP responses in the case of inverted faces. Results are derived from the clusters of electrodes (see Methods). Bars are arranged according to the hemispheres and components (LH and RH, P1 and N170 respectively). Error bars indicate ± SEM (N=16 in both cases, *p<0.05, ***p<0.001). C. ERP difference waveforms at the union of the electrode clusters of the P1 and the N170 component plotted according to positions. On the left panel, ERPs elicited by inverted faces minus the ERPs of upright faces for central position are presented. On the right panel, difference waves are presented as a function of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-accuracy-a-and-fie-indices-b-from-the-foveal-masking-2zke470x.png Fig. 6. Accuracy (A) and FIE indices (B) from the foveal masking experiment. Blue bars indicate accuracy for upright target faces, while grey bars show accuracy for inverted target faces for the different mask conditions, separately. Error bars indicate ± SEM (N=10 in both cases). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-temporal-evolution-of-the-scalp-difference-1o03tnoj.png Fig. 4. The temporal evolution of the scalp difference topographies (inverted-upright) during the time course of the P1 and N170 component. https://scispace.com/papers/fabrication-variations-and-defect-tolerance-for-nanomagnet-3wcbrs31s1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-my-vs-hclock-for-a-60x90nm-magnet-and-a-65x90nm-811b2a11.png Figure 5. (a) My vs. Hclock for a 60x90nm magnet and a 65x90nm magnet. As the aspect ratio decreases, the magnet is easier to null. (b) Fields generated by various magnets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-experimental-representations-of-a-c-a-2jonjb11.png Figure 1. Schematic/experimental representations of (a)/(c) a wire segment and (b)/(d) a majority gate. Operating scheme of a wire: (e) (i) initial configuration, (ii) high-field (“null”) state, (iii) after the application of the input, and the final ordered state. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-my-as-a-function-of-hclock-and-my-as-a-function-1jxu1yv2.png Figure 6. (a) My as a function of Hclock and My as a function of Hlocal in the presence of a 1.5×104 A/m biasing field. Note that the field seen at the field near the surface of the magnet is greater than the applied field. This will be an important measure when considering why a circuit does or does not show logically correct behavior. (b) Local field vs. My for magnets in a wire. Note that magnet needs to see a similar local field to null but at the expense of a larger global field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-experimentally-realized-magnets-can-have-slanted-2szr6izk.png Figure 2. (a) Experimentally realized magnets can have slanted edges. (b) This SEM image shows wires made using EBL. Proximity effects and other variations have led to bulging between the two wires. The lithography design called for 25nm between wires, but the fabricated wire are much closer. Also, note that the vertical wire bulges most significantly where it is adjacent to the horizontal wire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-hclock-vs-my-for-a-60x90nm-magnet-with-no-202hshz9.png Figure 3. (a) Hclock vs. My for a 60x90nm magnet with no fabrication variation and a 60x90nm magnet with a “slanted” edge. Hclock required to null the slanted magnet is greater than that for the perfect magnet. (b) Hclock vs. My for the 4th magnet in a 7-cell line. A larger Hclock is required to facilitate a ↓ to ↑ transition than a ↑ to ↓ transition when compared to a wire with no missing magnetic material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-with-more-missing-material-it-becomes-more-u4u6lgf5.png Figure 4. (a) With more missing material, it becomes more difficult to null the nanomagnet as evidenced by the y-component of the defective magnet’s magnetization. (b) If Hclock is applied to a magnet with missing magnetic material from right- to-left, a ↑ to ↓ transition becomes more difficult. https://scispace.com/papers/face-tracking-using-optical-flow-3hy5plpioa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-the-developed-algorithm-15ryv88e.png Fig. 1. Flow chart of the developed algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-left-image-is-the-original-frame-the-middle-left-2orc4bhc.png Fig. 3. The left image is the original frame. The middle left image represents the generated likelihood map. Different probabilities are shown by different gray shades. The high values for the two faces can be observed clearly in the likelihood map. The image in the middle is the binary likelihood map which is the result of applying a threshold of 65 to the original likelihood map. The middle right image illustrates the segmented likelihood map and the very right image shows the computed bounding boxes of the face tracker marked in the original frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-optical-flow-face-tracker-is-able-to-track-faces-35kiw7xl.png Fig. 4. The optical flow face tracker is able to track faces under partial occlusion (left) and also under complete occlusion (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-instability-of-both-algorithms-applied-to-all-n7mn4har.png Fig. 8. Average instability of both algorithms applied to all videos of the database. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-frames-23-92-100-150-and-188-of-the-video-jam1-3zfl3xma.png Fig. 5. Example frames (23, 92, 100, 150 and 188) of the video jam1.avi from the Boston Head Tracking Database. The red dots indicate the ground truth positions of the eyes. The green dots represent the computed face centers. The blue rectangles represent the face bounding boxes returned by the optical flow face tracker. In frame 23 a refresh is done as also the Viola-Jones bounding box (white) is visible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-percentage-of-correctly-detected-face-rte0t1hg.png Fig. 6. Illustration of percentage of correctly detected face centers per video. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-inaccuracy-of-the-optical-flow-face-tracker-3jnyt97w.png Fig. 7. Average inaccuracy of the optical flow face tracker and the Viola-Jones algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principle-of-setting-the-likelihood-value-for-an-odd-3896gavb.png Fig. 2. Principle of setting the likelihood value for an odd sized window (left) and for an even sized window (middle left) when using the window center orientated likelihood map approach. The windows on the right are examples for the area orientated approach. Every pixel of the likelihood map corresponding to a detection window is set to the number of passed stages (middle right). The very right example uses a shrinking factor of 0.5. Values represent the factor with which the number of passed stages of the respective detection window is multiplied. https://scispace.com/papers/factoring-characteristics-into-returns-a-clinical-approach-bg4md9zmxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sequential-sorting-2x3-post-conditioning-method-the-2t142usv.png Figure 3 Sequential Sorting (2x3): Post-Conditioning Method The figure schematizes the sequential sorting procedure by post-conditioning on the control variable. In other words, the illustration shows the construction of the size premium (SMB) by first sorting stocks according to their market capitalization (priced variable) and then sequentially sorting stocks according to their book-to-market ratio (control variable). The value premium (HML) is formed by first allocating stocks into portfolios according to their book-to-market ratio (priced variable) and then sequentially sorting stocks for their market capitalization (control variable). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-pricing-errors-on-10x10-size-and-value-portfolios-3vt4fbgg.png Table 7 Pricing Errors on 10x10 Size and Value Portfolios This table exhibits specification errors (α) for the 100 portfolios sorted on size (market equity) and value (book-to-market equity) made available on Ken French’s website. The results are reported for the size and value factors based on three construction methodologies: an independent sort (Fama and French 1993), a dependent sort (S-Post) with preconditioning on the variable to be priced and a dependent sort (S-Pre) with preconditioning on the control variable(s). The results are also displayed according to the definition of the breakpoints used to construct the factors (NYSE or whole sample). In the first column, we report the number of significant specification errors (alpha). In the second column, we report their average absolute alpha. In the third column, we report their average absolute t-statistics. Finally, in the fourth column, we report the average R-square of the spanning regressions. In Panel A, we use a 3-factor model composed of the excess market return (MKT-Rf), size (SMB) and value (HML). In Panel B, we use a 4-factor model composed of the 3-factor model and the momentum factor (UMD) from the Ken French library. The sample period ranges from July 1963 to December 2014. The threshold of significance for the intercept estimations is set to 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-shows-that-the-need-for-a-momentum-factor-to-price-22greg74.png Table 7 Pricing Errors on 10x10 Size and Value Portfolios This table exhibits specification errors (α) for the 100 portfolios sorted on size (market equity) and value (book-to-market equity) made available on Ken French’s website. The results are reported for the size and value factors based on three construction methodologies: an independent sort (Fama and French 1993), a dependent sort (S-Post) with preconditioning on the variable to be priced and a dependent sort (S-Pre) with preconditioning on the control variable(s). The results are also displayed according to the definition of the breakpoints used to construct the factors (NYSE or whole sample). In the first column, we report the number of significant specification errors (alpha). In the second column, we report their average absolute alpha. In the third column, we report their average absolute t-statistics. Finally, in the fourth column, we report the average R-square of the spanning regressions. In Panel A, we use a 3-factor model composed of the excess market return (MKT-Rf), size (SMB) and value (HML). In Panel B, we use a 4-factor model composed of the 3-factor model and the momentum factor (UMD) from the Ken French library. The sample period ranges from July 1963 to December 2014. The threshold of significance for the intercept estimations is set to 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sequential-sorting-3x3x3-preconditioning-method-the-3854r2qe.png Figure 8 Sequential Sorting (3x3x3): Preconditioning Method The figure illustrates the three-dimensional sequential sorting procedure by preconditioning on the control variables. The illustration shows the construction of the size premium (SMB) by preconditioning on the momentum, then the book-to-market ratio (control variable) and finally the sorting on the market capitalization (priced variable). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-independent-vs-sequential-sorting-2x3-portfolios-37wiz855.png Figure 1 Independent vs Sequential Sorting: 2x3 Portfolios The figure schematizes the Fama and French (1993) independent sorting (Panel A) and the sequential sorting (Panel B) procedures to construct the 2x3 size/value portfolios. The circle represents the US stock universe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-percentage-of-significant-alphas-under-each-1r9n4b1j.png Figure 9 Percentage of Significant Alphas under Each Framework The figure presents the percentage of portfolios remaining with a significant intercept at a 90% confidence interval. The results are from Panel B of Table 5, and the regression model is the Carhart 4-factor model composed of the excess market return (MKT-Rf), size (SMB), value (HML) and the momentum factor (UMD) from the Ken French library. The results are presented for the independent (gray), S-Post (red), and S-Pre (blue) sorting methodologies. The sample period ranges from July 1963 to December 2014. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-independent-vs-sequential-sorting-allocation-into-2hp1t9d3.png Figure 2 Independent vs Sequential Sorting: Allocation into Portfolios5 The figures illustrate the allocation of 100 stocks sorted across six portfolios on variables x and y. Panel A (Panel B) shows the allocation according to an independent (dependent) sort when the correlation between the characteristics x and y is -30%. Panel C (Panel D) shows the allocation according to an independent (dependent) sort when the correlation between the characteristics x and y is a perfectly negative (-100%). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-spanning-regressions-nxn-and-nxnxn-portfolios-on-3bhwweb0.png Table 6 Spanning Regressions: NxN and NxNxN Portfolios on Name Breakpoints The table reports the spanning regression results for the alternative size and value factors. T-statistics of the estimation parameters are in parentheses. The significance of the parameter estimates is reported as performed. *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at the 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. Breakpoints are defined according to the whole sample breakpoints. The denomination “S-Post” refers to a post-conditioning on the control variable(s), whereas “S-Pre” refers to a preconditioning on the control variable(s). The period used to perform the regressions ranges from July 1963 to December 2014. https://scispace.com/papers/factors-affecting-knee-abduction-during-weight-bearing-3od9s7fij3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-linear-regression-coefficients-of-the-contribution-38hz92vh.png Table 2. Linear regression coefficients of the contribution of muscle function variables for knee abduction during the single-leg squat and single-leg hop for distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-d-example-of-peak-knee-flexion-and-peak-knee-2nfzp0ej.png Figure 2a-d. Example of peak knee flexion and peak knee abduction versus time for the single-leg squat (SLS) and the single-leg hop for distance (SLHD). D=descent phase, B=bottom phase, A=ascent phase https://scispace.com/papers/factors-affecting-the-financial-performance-of-the-firms-23nibwzcd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-coefficients-table-vai6mnxa.png Table 12: Coefficients Table https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-total-variance-explained-1iwcy0fv.png Table 7: Total Variance Explained https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kmo-and-bartlett-s-test-for-1st-factor-analysis-kmo-2ilsparw.png Table 2: KMO and Bartlett's Test for 1st Factor Analysis KMO test shows whether sampling is adequate for factor analysis or not. KMO statistics equal to or bigger than 0,50 means that the sample is adequate for factor analysis. In first run of factor analysis we see that the sample is appropriate for factor analysis and Barlett’s test also supports it. In factor analysis there can be some variables that are not adequately accounted for by the factor solution. One common approach to identify these variables is examining each variable’s communality which represents the amount of variance accounted for by the factor solution for each variable. The guideline used here is to eliminate the variables with communality less than 0,50 and run the factor analysis again. In the first run the communalities for variables are as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-model-summary-for-multiple-regression-analysis-as-37rlgfn0.png Table 10: Model Summary for Multiple Regression Analysis As Table 10 reveals, the independent variables used in the model explains 41,5 % of variance observed in dependent variable. The statistics about the Analysis of Variance of the model is given at below table and according to these findings model is significant at 99% confidence level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-analysis-of-variance-table-12-shows-the-29c42xt1.png Table 11: Analysis of Variance Table 12 shows the significance level and the value of coefficients for independent variables together with the collinearity statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-name-of-the-factors-next-factor-scores-for-all-of-1027oitj.png Table 9: Name of the Factors Next, factor scores for all of the four factors mentioned above are used in multiple regression analysis as independent variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-kmo-and-bartlett-s-test-for-2nd-factor-analysis-yqscrqti.png Table 4: KMO and Bartlett's Test for 2nd Factor Analysis Communalities of all variables are over 0,50 which are reported at Table 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-communalities-for-1st-factor-analysis-extraction-2su8m4m4.png Table 3: Communalities for 1st Factor Analysis Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/failure-analysis-of-intersections-of-large-scale-variable-5frvbzebxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-of-the-plastic-zone-of-each-section-at-enc4020u.png Fig. 4 Schematic of the plastic zone of each section at intersection 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-curves-of-the-relationship-between-c-ph-and-eps-under-129k4pq2.png Fig. 11 Curves of the relationship between c′, φ′, and εps under different confining pressures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-cohesion-reduction-trend-fitting-curve-2ax099ck.png Table 2 Parameters of cohesion reduction trend fitting curve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-model-of-flac-3d-triaxial-test-1yj1xwu7.png Fig. 12 Model of FLAC 3D triaxial test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-strengthened-support-prestress-field-model-1tr4s95j.png Fig. 24 Strengthened support prestress field model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-flow-chart-of-construction-of-strengthening-support-2mozxdks.png Fig. 25 Flow chart of construction of strengthening support https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-of-borehole-peeking-and-zoning-failure-of-3ajwr9c2.png Fig. 5 Schematic of borehole peeking and zoning failure of the surrounding rock https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-of-in-situ-stress-measurement-9hzycgud.png Fig. 6 Schematic of in-situ stress measurement https://scispace.com/papers/failing-our-most-vulnerable-covid-19-and-long-term-care-40dhtbnh23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-ontario-long-term-care-facilities-2mnydlcg.png Table 1. Characteristics of Ontario Long Term Care Facilities Included in Database. https://scispace.com/papers/fairy-tale-symbolism-an-overview-1diw8ul4cu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-at-the-crossroads-walter-crane-little-red-riding-14nnty3s.png Figure 1: At the Crossroads. Walter Crane, Little Red Riding Hood (London: Routledge, 1875), 2. https://scispace.com/papers/falling-on-deaf-ears-an-analysis-of-youth-political-claims-2t1rtmuyom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-political-claims-n-4525-made-by-youth-and-1lweb0v5.png Figure 1. Number of political claims (n=4525) made by youth and non-youth actors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-interviews-declarations-to-the-media-n-2e8poxua.png Figure 4. Number of interviews/declarations to the media (n=325) by different types of youth actors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-youth-political-claims-n-940-by-forms-of-1czq2gcs.png Figure 3. Number of youth political claims (n=940) by forms of action. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-political-claims-by-different-types-of-3cytuk8s.png Figure 2. Number of political claims by different types of youth actors (n=940). https://scispace.com/papers/family-quality-of-life-following-early-identification-of-7zdzanlf0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-satisfaction-with-child-outcomes-split-by-9f2xydsm.png Table 5. Mean satisfaction with child outcomes split by sensory device and communication method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-family-respondents-n-207-1pupchjr.png Table 1. Demographics of family respondents (N = 207). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-communication-method-of-the-children-1iqr0db7.png Table 2. Primary communication method of the children. https://scispace.com/papers/family-scents-developmental-changes-in-the-perception-of-kin-4k1dv971zv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-principal-component-analysis-on-the-lnt2h05o.png Table 1 Results of the Principal Component Analysis on the personality variables (Affiliation, Aggression, Depressive Mood and Shyness dimensions of the EATQ-R questionnaire, and the BESAA body esteem score) and the olfactory evaluations of the children (pleasantness and recognition of the odor of self, the mother, the father and the sibling), based on the Kendall tau correlation matrix. Only loadings superior to 0.50 on Factors F1 to F6 are visible https://scispace.com/papers/fap-overexpression-induce-epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-2tikdclt5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-232-cell-proliferation-and-migrative-invasive-1rvjjypy.png Fig 6. 232 Cell proliferation and migrative/invasive promotion caused by overexpressing FAP is 233 associated with the DPP9 in OSCC cells. (a) Verification of DPP9 overexpression in 234 SCC9-FAP+ cells by Western Blotting. (b) CCK-8 shows decreased growth rate of 235 treated cells. (c) Transwell migration and invasion assay after DPP9 overexpressing 236 48h. (d) Up: Colony formation assay after DPP9 plasmid transfecting for 10days. 237 Down: The mean number of colonies for each well was determined from three 238 independent assays. (e) Adhesion test showed further reduction of cell adhere ability 239 in the treated group. (f) Western blot analysis of N-cadherin, E-cadherin and 240 Vimentin level in SCC9-FAP+ cells after treatment with pCMV-DPP9 for 48h. All data 241 are present 242 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-negative-correlation-between-fap-and-dpp9-99-20orkddo.png Figure 1. Negative correlation between FAP and DPP9. 99 https://scispace.com/papers/far-ir-spectra-and-structures-of-small-cationic-ruthenium-4uccmhbahm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ir-mpd-spectrum-of-ru7ar2-and-vibrational-spectra-14ypf6sy.png Figure 1. IR-MPD spectrum of Ru7Ar2 + and vibrational spectra for isomers of Ru7 + corresponding to the lowest energy spin states for different structural motifs (PBE/def2-TZVP). All calculated spectra are folded with a Gaussian line width function of 7 cm−1 full width at half-maximum for ease of comparison to the experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ir-mpd-spectrum-of-ru9ar-together-with-the-3bl323u2.png Figure 5. IR-MPD spectrum of Ru9Ar + together with the calculated vibrational spectra on the def2-TZVP/PBE level for different isomers. In addition to the calculated spectrum of the putative ground state, the lowest energy spin states for other structural motifs are included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-ir-mpd-spectrum-of-ru8ar2-and-s0ue1xwr.png Figure 4. Experimental IR-MPD spectrum of Ru8Ar2 + and calculated lowest energy structures and vibrational spectra for Ru8 + using the PBE0 hybrid functional. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-geometries-distortions-are-3tjvwnzb.png Figure 3. Comparison of the geometries (distortions are strongly exaggerated) and the electronic structures of the two cubic low energy isomers of Ru8 + 8a (left) and 8a* (right) predicted at the PBE/def2TZVP level of theory. For the quartet states the three singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) and the four next unoccupied orbitals are shown (majority spins). Fully occupied lower energy MOs show nearly the same shapes and ordering for both structures, and only two selected totally symmetric MOs are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ir-mpd-spectrum-of-ru8ar2-together-with-the-33anh1mx.png Figure 2. IR-MPD spectrum of Ru8Ar2 + together with the calculated vibrational spectra, energies, structural motifs, and spin-dependent relative energies of several calculated low-lying isomers (PBE/def2TZVP). https://scispace.com/papers/farming-for-ethics-an-examination-of-the-ethical-challenges-5362rqru92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-price-trend-for-selected-agricultural-commodities-in-3tmnjhes.png Table 2. Price trend for selected agricultural commodities in current dollars, 1970 through 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trends-in-u-s-agriculture-between-1900-and-1990-2plbl6zv.png Table 1. Trends in U.S. agriculture between 1900 and 1990 https://scispace.com/papers/fast-and-accurate-single-island-charge-pump-implementation-36oq6becdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pulse-sequence-for-pumping-a-single-cooper-pair-2x07huvf.png FIG. 2. Pulse sequence for pumping a single Cooper pair through the sluice. The exact form of the pulses is not crucial as long as the synchronization is maintained. The gate charge (or voltage) pulse, which is a shifted harmonic one here, may be generalized to have a larger amplitude and thus a larger number of pairs could be pumped. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-averaged-pumping-error-over-the-phase-bias-values-2-30bs4eap.png FIG. 4. (a) Averaged pumping error over the phase bias values ’ =2, , 3 =2, and 2 as a function of and EresJ at f EmaxJ = h 10 3 300 MHz . (b) The same as (a) but for pumping five Cooper pairs at f 4EmaxJ = h 10 4 120 MHz which corresponds to I 0:2 nA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-device-the-sluice-204aetlo.png FIG. 1. (a) Schematic illustration of the device, the ‘‘sluice.’’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-error-a-in-the-pumped-charge-over-a-single-period-and-1402ur3o.png FIG. 3. Error (a) in the pumped charge over a single period and (b) in the current as a function of (a) frequency and (b) current. Here CJ C, Cg 0:1C, EmaxJ e2=C, and fJ EmaxJ = h. The error is " 1 QP=2ne I=I. The line marked by diamonds represents pumping a single Cooper pair, the line marked by circles represents pumping five Cooper pairs, whereas the squared line represents pumping ten Cooper pairs per cycle. In (b) we assume fJ 300 109 s 1. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-capillary-discharge-plasma-as-a-preformed-medium-for-1ypd2rq11s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-radial-profile-of-the-discharge-emission-in-3uzd6qxy.png Fig. 3. Measured radial profile of the discharge emission in the visible spectral range 29 ns after the current’s peak. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-radial-electron-density-distributions-in-the-33f9bsys.png Fig. 2. Radial electron density distributions in the capillaries with diameters of 0.5 and 1.0 mm at the optimal moments for lasing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-axial-distribution-of-electron-energy-as-a-function-of-2tvy3t29.png Fig. 6. Axial distribution of electron energy as a function of propagation length. All three pump Gaussian pulses are characterized by the same FWHM 5 250 fs and different rise times: 250 fs (dotted curve), 350 fs (dashed curve), and 500 fs (solid curve). The dotted–dashed curve shows axial energy depletion of the pump laser pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-history-of-the-discharge-circuits-resistance-for-bgqyyg9p.png Fig. 1. Time history of the discharge circuit’s resistance for a sulfur capillary of 20-mm length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-movement-of-the-ablated-plasma-mass-elements-within-2lrzodyn.png Fig. 4. Movement of the ablated plasma mass elements within the radius–time (r –t) coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-axial-distribution-of-electron-energy-as-a-function-12umgmpz.png Fig. 5. (a) Axial distribution of electron energy as a function of the pump intensity. The laser pulse is characterized by its intensity: Z* 5 6 is the initial and final ionization stage; i.e., no ionization has been included. The pulse length is 1 ps. (b) Axial distribution of the electron energy for a mixture of ion species. Initial ionization stage Z* was 4.7, and the quoted values correspond to the final ionization stages. The curve denoted Z* 5 5.5 corresponds to the constant ionization stage during heating. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-coherent-integration-for-migrating-targets-with-59kcxxtkk3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-modulus-of-target-amplitude-a-fast-frequency-slow-vt9h5d4d.png Fig. 3. Modulus of target amplitude. (a) Fast-frequency/slow-frequency domain after upsampling. (b) Fast-frequency/slow-frequency domain after inverse-Keystone mapping. (c) Fast-time/slow-frequency domain after IFFT. (d) Fast-time/slow-frequency domain after a Keystone transform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flowchart-of-the-fast-algorithm-300hn91q.png Fig. 2. Flowchart of the fast algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-interpolated-frequency-points-for-the-inverse-keystone-tokh5vks.png Fig. 4. Interpolated frequency points for the inverse Keystone transform. (Numerical values of the scenario parameters have been changed for illustrative purpose.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-influence-of-pulse-number-m-a-computational-time-b-qb71maph.png Fig. 5. Influence of pulse number M . (a) Computational time. (b) Relative error of the approximated sum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-modulus-of-target-amplitude-a-fast-time-slow-time-93pbkyod.png Fig. 1. Modulus of target amplitude. (a) Fast-time/slow-time domain. (b) Fast-time/slow-frequency domain. (c) Fast-frequency/slow-time domain. (d) Fast-frequency/slow-frequency domain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-scenario-parameters-2vpgqpr7.png TABLE I SCENARIO PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-influence-of-interpolation-method-a-computational-time-1i6whwyz.png Fig. 8. Influence of interpolation method. (a) Computational time. (b) Relative error of the approximated sum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-the-unfolding-factor-nva-a-computational-xr53jnov.png Fig. 6. Influence of the unfolding factor nva. (a) Computational time. (b) Relative error of the approximated sum. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-decomposed-energy-flow-in-large-scale-integrated-33uxki1863 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-data-of-the-sub-networks-1ottd7ob.png TABLE II: DATA OF THE SUB-NETWORKS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-voltage-results-comparison-in-14-bus-ieee-case-2yq4zlyn.png TABLE IV: VOLTAGE RESULTS COMPARISON IN 14-BUS IEEE CASE https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-configuration-of-sub-networks-for-case-1-1ha4kyi4.png TABLE III: CONFIGURATION OF SUB-NETWORKS FOR CASE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-xvii-comparison-results-of-various-methods-on-case-3-2tqsuqsa.png TABLE XVII: COMPARISON RESULTS OF VARIOUS METHODS ON CASE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiv-comparison-results-of-dhg-pfmec-method-on-extended-1evnkeq9.png TABLE XIV: COMPARISON RESULTS OF DHG-PFMEC Method ON EXTENDED CASE 2 WITH HIGH INTERDEPENDENCIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-xv-voltage-results-comparison-in-6468tre-case-2s6qupcs.png TABLE XV: VOLTAGE RESULTS COMPARISON IN 6468TRE-CASE https://scispace.com/figures/table-xvi-comparison-results-of-various-methods-on-case-3-362mrab1.png TABLE XVI: COMPARISON RESULTS OF VARIOUS METHODS ON CASE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-taxonomy-of-the-proposed-decomposed-energy-flow-203qnd7t.png TABLE I: TAXONOMY OF THE PROPOSED DECOMPOSED ENERGY FLOW STRATEGY EQUIPPED WITH HE AND GRAPH METHODS AND THE PREVIOUS LITERATURE https://scispace.com/papers/fast-extracted-beam-feb-for-the-g-2-experiment-ho1fkv5s14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-txtuplv4.png TABLE 2 Nomenclature and timing of the various events that occur during FEB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-horizontal-x-central-orbit-displacements-xcod-qwbgij2y.png Figure 20. Horizontal (X) Central orbit displacements Xcod along the U-V line. The Xcod is due to variations of G10 strength. The solid and dotted lines are theoretical predictions. The solid dots are experimental values of Xcod obtained from BPM readings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-main-magnet-cycle-of-the-ags-syncrotron-beam-3p5s6s9b.png Figure 2: Main-Magnet cycle of the AGS syncrotron. Beam Injection from the Booster and subsequent bunch splitting (see text) occurs in the “Front Porch” from 0 to 850 msec . Fast Beam Extraction from the AGS takes place in the “Flat top” from 1370 msec to 1850 msec https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-radiation-levels-during-the-extraction-of-the-12-1bsskfx7.png Figure 15: Radiation levels, during the extraction of the 12 bunches from the AGS, recorded by the H10/DS and G10/DF. The descending staircase represents the beam current circulating in the AGS and monitored by the X15-XCBM current transformer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-horizontal-and-vertical-tunes-of-the-ags-1dfa43tx.png Figure 3: Horizontal and vertical tunes of the AGS synchrotron during the magnet cycle (middle graph). The currents of the horizontal and vertical quadrupoles that control the tunes (tune quadrupoles) are also plotted (top graph). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-plots-the-theoretical-and-experimental-data-of-the-3rb041xw.png Figure 19 plots the theoretical and experimental data of the central orbit displacement (xcod) of the last extracted (12th) bunch along the u-v line. This central orbit displacement is generated by varying the strength of the G10-kicker by ±10%. The theoretical data (solid and dotted lines in Fig. 19) were calculated using the method described in this subsection (a). The experimental data (filled circles in Fig. 19) were obtained using the readings of the available BPM’s of the u-v line. The error bars of the experimental points are mainly due to systematic errors on the G10-kicker strength and/or G10-kicker “timing”16. The errors in the predictions coming from these variations can be corrected by measuring the strength and “timing” of the G10-kicker. The errors introduced by the BPM’s are smaller than 1 mm. The non-agreement of the theoretical and experimental data shown in Fig. 19, is mainly due to the disagreement of the theoretical predicted values of the xcod and x’cod with the actual values, at the beginning of the U-V-line. These quantities (xcod and x’cod) depend on the optics of the AGS. Indeed by varying x’cod at the beginning of the U-V-line the agreement of the theoretical and experimental data falls within the experimental error. Similar comparison theoretical and experimental data of the central orbit displacement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-radial-steering-of-the-beam-as-a-function-of-mzs04eu4.png Figure 7: The radial steering of the beam as a function of time during the AGS mainmagnet-cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-counterphasing-of-the-h-6-ags-rf-cavities-as-a-3ryqp780.png Figure 6: Counterphasing of the h=6 AGS RF Cavities as a function of time during the AGS main-magnet-cycle. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-grip-force-adaptation-to-friction-relies-on-localized-21vvjnapwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-consistent-difference-of-friction-a-coefficient-of-26juzwnk.png Figure 2: Consistent difference of friction. A| Coefficient of friction of the index finger as a function of grip force for a 167 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-differences-in-skin-strains-preceding-the-force-b9reirps.png Figure 5: Differences in skin strains preceding the force adaptation A| Mean difference of GF and mean difference of GF 304 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gf-adaptation-to-friction-during-the-static-phases-20uthxpq.png Figure 3: GF adaptation to friction during the static phases. A| Mean value of the GF for each material during the static 189 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-experimental-procedure-and-eexyzdp5.png Figure 1: Experimental setup, experimental procedure, and typical trial. A| Participants held the manipulandum in a 114 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-adaptation-to-friction-during-the-first-movement-of-1jygv9y6.png Figure 4: Adaptation to friction during the first movement of catch trials A| Evolution of object height, LF, GF, and GF 246 https://scispace.com/papers/fast-scanning-reflection-mode-integrated-photoacoustic-and-39qpf85ml8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-fast-scanning-reflection-mode-ui8jyhol.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the fast scanning reflection-mode integrated photoacoustic and optical coherence microscope. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-in-vivo-images-of-the-anterior-segment-of-a-mouse-eye-2ros2iwq.png Fig. 3. In vivo images of the anterior segment of a mouse eye. (a) A PAM B-scan. (b) An OCT B-scan. (c) A composite dual-modality B-scan. (d) A PAM projection image. (e) An OCT projection image. (f) A composite dual-modality projection image. (g) 3-D microvasculature imaged by PAM. (h) 3-D soft tissue imaged by OCT. (i) A composite3-D visualization. PAM contrast: red. OCT contrast: gray scale. Scale bar: 100 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-vivo-images-of-mouse-scalp-a-a-pam-b-scan-b-an-oct-jq5inqiw.png Fig. 2. In vivo images of mouse scalp. (a) A PAM B-scan. (b) An OCT B-scan. (c) A composite dual-modality B-scan. (d) A PAM projection image. (e) An OCT projection image. (f) A composite dual-modality projection image. (g) 3-D microvasculature imaged by PAM. (h) 3-D soft tissue imaged by OCT. (i) A composite 3-D visualization. PAM contrast: red. OCT contrast: gray scale. Scale bar: 100 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-on-line-learning-for-multilingual-categorization-1p95mrcc7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-online-vs-batch-results-f-score-and-time-32470tas.png Table 1: Online vs. batch results (F-score and time). https://scispace.com/papers/fate-and-transport-of-volatile-organic-compounds-in-glacial-1y7ne0tey1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-modelled-crosssections-of-the-stratigraphy-across-the-1mjy8cnx.png Fig. 4 Modelled crosssections of the stratigraphy across the site showing the distribution of the different layers of glacial till https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-contour-map-of-the-groundwater-levels-across-the-ecp-3ioewhbl.png Fig. 5 Contour map of the groundwater levels across the ECP showing the groundwater mound https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-study-site-in-northern-ireland-1dhkl1e9.png Fig. 1 Location of the study site in Northern Ireland https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-location-of-the-various-boreholes-in-the-study-and-the-f2i13v5h.png Fig. 2 Location of the various boreholes in the study and the cross sections of boreholes shown in Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-piper-diagram-of-the-groundwaters-from-the-boreholes-2s916q86.png Fig. 7 Piper diagram of the groundwaters from the boreholes in the ECP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contour-map-of-the-distribution-of-the-permeabilities-3tw0kp0i.png Fig. 6 Contour map of the distribution of the permeabilities in the ECP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-detected-volatile-organic-compounds-in-groundwater-g2k4l0up.png Table 3 Detected volatile organic compounds in groundwater https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-sections-of-boreholes-across-the-study-site-3p97zg72.png Fig. 3 Cross sections of boreholes across the study site showing the distribution of glacial till, lithology and total VOCs (mg kg–1). Depths (m) are shown on the left side of the logs [notehighest VOCs (>40 mg kg–1) are noted in the graph] https://scispace.com/papers/fast-searching-for-andrews-curtis-trivializations-8ypqfyadb5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-presentations-for-ak-n-3-by-relator-2z07ci9u.png FIGURE 3. Number of presentations for AK n = 3 by relator lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-queue-statistics-for-ak-n-3-maximum-relator-length-1o71unvv.png FIGURE 2. Queue statistics for AK n = 3, maximum relator length 17. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-presentations-by-depth-for-ak-n-3-with-18eqe0pq.png FIGURE 1. Number of presentations by depth for AK n = 3 with relator length less than 18. https://scispace.com/papers/fast-triangular-binning-kernel-approximations-for-weighted-356tbfxfp7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-triangular-kernel-approximation-e54cubto.png Fig. 2: Illustration of the triangular kernel approximation with a magnitude weighting (solid lines) and the corresponding triangular kernels (dotted lines) for different numbers of bins. For 8 or more bins, the agreement with the triangular kernel is good. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-triangular-kernel-approximations-and-uniform-kernels-3nxqw657.png Fig. 5: Triangular kernel approximations and uniform kernels in the frequency domain (fourier koefficients). The sampling frequency is half the main lobe of the kernels. Consequently, the remaining tail will be folded back over the main lobe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-signal-utility-ratio-for-the-first-four-fourier-1ljqfee2.png Fig. 6: Signal utility ratio for the first four fourier coefficients for the effective kernels, resulting from the projection binning and the ideal uniform and triangular kernels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-figures-show-the-implicit-gradient-distribution-10098ijr.png Fig. 1: The figures show the implicit gradient distribution prior to histogram binning (sampling). The upper part shows the result of using a nearest neighbour binning kernel (uniform), and the lower figure shows a linear interpolation kernel between the two nearest bins (triangle). Clearly, sampling of the smoother lower distribution will result in less quantization errors compared to that of the jagged upper distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-the-triangular-kernel-approximation-n0cssgik.png Fig. 4: Illustration of the triangular kernel approximation with a magnitude weighting (solid lines) and the corresponding triangular kernels (dotted lines) for different numbers of bins. For 8 or more bins, the agreement with the triangular kernel is good. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-weighting-functions-2-and-3-and-4-and-5-for-8-bins-1ndw33lj.png Fig. 3: Weighting functions (2) and (3) and (4) and (5) for 8 bins plotted over a range extending outside their applicable regions. Outside the region marked with the dashed lines, the bins j and j+1 will not be the closest pair of bins. The binning methods in [4] are seen to select approximately linear portions of the functions. https://scispace.com/papers/fat-stores-of-american-redstarts-setophaga-ruticilla-16d5k0qjsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-field-metabolic-rate-fmr-calculations-26ad1pa3.png Table 2. Summary of Field Metabolic Rate (FMR ) calculations based on first captures for female and male American redstarts breeding at Pontchartrain Shores, Michigan 1997 /2001. Fat-free body mass1 estimates are from Odum (1993). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-arrival-dates1-for-american-redstarts-known-1iu014dz.png Table 1. Average arrival dates1 for American redstarts known to have bred within our study area and those individuals not resighted during the breeding season. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-yearly-variation-in-environmental-conditions-during-3sazkrn7.png Fig. 1. Yearly variation in environmental conditions during the arrival of American redstarts at Pontchartrain Shores, Michigan. Graph A tracks the onset of spring by assessing progression of leaf development in Quaking Aspen. Phenological scores are an average of subjectively scoring 10 trees during each sampling period. The symbols mark days when sampling occurred. Graph B indicates the percentage of days with average daily temperature less than 108C during the period from 1 May through 1 June. Graph C represents yearly biomass estimates of inland arthropods for the month of May. Solid line represents mean, box9/1 SE and whiskers9/1 SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-arrival-fat-score-for-breeding-and-migrant-american-2939ugj7.png Fig. 2. Arrival fat score for breeding and migrant American redstarts, Pontchartrain Shores, Michigan. Whiskers encompass9/1 SE. Due to small sample sizes for breeding individuals in 1997, we did not compute statistics comparing female to male arrival fat. https://scispace.com/papers/father-inclusive-practice-in-a-parenting-and-early-childhood-1q6rr7z1ke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-participants-with-fip-training-1wtdmed9.png Table 2. Percentage of participants with FIP training https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequencies-of-agreement-to-items-with-difference-2c5pnf19.png Figure 1. Frequencies of agreement to items with difference in FIP training https://scispace.com/papers/fathers-parenting-adverse-life-events-and-adolescents-3bobhbp6o5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-multiple-regression-steps-1-4-emotional-13fm0i79.png Table 2 Results of multiple regression steps 1–4 (emotional symptoms) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-multiple-regression-steps-1-4-eating-34rcitnk.png Table 3 Results of multiple regression steps 1–4 (eating disorder symptoms) https://scispace.com/papers/fatigue-of-swollen-elastomers-173026dc7q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-bl4l1ajg.png Figure 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10b-where-the-formation-of-it-at-the-site-could-be-1zfqx74z.png Figure 10b where the formation of it at the site could be considered dubious. To conclude on the CW pattern, it is noted that they seem to be induced by the friction between crack tips that do not occur when the crack propagates perpendicularly to the uniaxial loading. Consequently, this observation highlights that the crack propagates under more complex loading condition than purely uniaxial tensile. Further investigation has to be carried out to determine the origin of the friction; change in the microstructure at the crack tip and the specimen geometry. In addition to CW, rubber balling was also observed as shown in Figure 12. This feature has been previously reported in the work of Bhowmick et al. (1980) under fatigue conditions in filled natural rubber. However, the underlying mechanism producing this feature is unclear. These features have sizes ranging from 12μm to 40μm and are located randomly throughout the crack propagation zone. The formation of them could be due to the impact of the simultaneous effect of continuous cyclic loading on the interaction between carbon black and the rubber matrix. It can be observed that the surface of the rubber ball appeared to be smoother than the matrix. This occurrence raises the question of whether friction had taken place due to the loading, which may have rotated the surface in a circular motion and hence, formed a ball shape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-10bzzhuj.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-3u1xc7zm.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3ovh0amq.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ja01hvcm.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-white-dashed-line-was-marked-on-the-specimen-to-1vel253q.png Figure 8. A white dashed line was marked on the specimen to illustrate the crack propagation plane. For this case, the crack propagation plane was not perpendicular to the imposed uniaxial loading. This was not expected in such non-crystallisable rubbers (see the reported work of Le Cam et al. (2014)). It seems to indicate that the hollow geometry had an effect on the mechanical https://scispace.com/papers/fault-detection-of-governor-systems-using-discrete-wavelet-2gocvut193 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-scales-multiresolution-for-stop-valves-z2ekqk59.png Figure 5: 4-scales multiresolution for stop valves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-scales-multiresolution-for-stop-valves-1w2zo2ja.png Figure 4: 4-scales multiresolution for stop valves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-scales-multiresolution-for-stop-valves-fregi2f3.png Figure 6: 4-scales multiresolution for stop valves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-4-scales-multiresolution-for-stop-valves-31r347qs.png Figure 7: 4-scales multiresolution for stop valves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-condition-diagnosis-and-generated-rules-1rugpfw5.png Table 5: Results of condition diagnosis and generated rules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-hydraulic-lines-of-turbine-valve-driver-2lapyoj6.png Figure 1: The hydraulic lines of turbine valve driver. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-normal-pressure-variation-of-the-operating-32gvc9zh.png Figure 2: A normal pressure variation of the operating cycling of a governor valve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-4-scales-multiresolution-for-stop-valves-1ufq2abu.png Figure 8: 4-scales multiresolution for stop valves. https://scispace.com/papers/fatty-acid-based-thermoplastic-poly-ester-amide-as-dl9xt6aj5q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-cooling-curves-and-b-heating-curves-of-neat-plla-2dxefqv5.png Figure 4: (a) Cooling curves and (b) heating curves of neat PLLA and the blends – 5°C.min-1 from 0°C to 200°C https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mechanical-properties-of-neat-plla-and-the-blends-3pdacstr.png Table 4: Mechanical properties of neat PLLA and the blends. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-avrami-plot-effect-of-the-pea-amount-on-isothermal-37luirut.png Figure 6: Avrami plot - Effect of the PEA amount on isothermal crystallization (110°C) of PLLA phase https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cryo-fractured-surfaces-of-the-blends-observed-by-xb9sch3y.png Figure 3 : Cryo-fractured surfaces of the blends observed by SEM at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-isothermal-crystallization-parameters-of-neat-plla-rgh1yp2z.png Table 3: Isothermal crystallization parameters of neat PLLA and the blends (110°C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cold-crystallization-of-neat-plla-and-the-plla-pea-315g7jnp.png Figure 5: Cold-crystallization of neat PLLA and the PLLA/PEA (90/10: w/w). The samples that were previously molten for 3 minutes at 200°C and subsequently quenched then the sample are heating up at 10°C.min-1 and observed under polarized microscope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-storage-modulus-b-loss-modulus-c-complex-28dipihq.png Figure 2 : (a) Storage modulus, (b) loss modulus, (c) complex viscosity of neat PLLA and of the blends with PEA as a function of angular frequency. (d) Han plot showing the storage modulus versus the loss modulus. All measurements were performed at 190°C using a strain deformation of 5%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermal-properties-weight-compositions-of-the-blends-2lz8lqzi.png Table 1: Thermal properties, weight compositions of the blends and mean diameter size of the PEA particles. https://scispace.com/papers/fault-injection-in-distributed-java-applications-32ckmz34qb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-external-interface-2rmrgp86.png Figure 3: The External Interface https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kernel-architecture-2waojanl.png Figure 2: Kernel Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-fci-platform-1ynqidky.png Figure 1: the FCI Platform https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-network-structure-2f8yg4t7.png Figure 4: Network Structure https://scispace.com/papers/fault-tolerant-typed-assembly-language-1506gnf59j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-value-typing-1yba5ko8.png Figure 6. Value Typing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-performance-normalized-to-unprotected-version-1tnap6rr.png Figure 10. Performance Normalized to Unprotected Version. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-instruction-typing-1yqle950.png Figure 7. Instruction Typing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-similarity-of-machine-states-25j72kh4.png Figure 9. Similarity of Machine States. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-syntax-of-instructions-and-machine-states-3ciqm1te.png Figure 1. Syntax of instructions and machine states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-operational-rules-for-basic-instructions-2m2jv2yh.png Figure 2. Operational rules for basic instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selected-operational-rules-for-memory-instructions-378e2ueu.png Figure 3. Selected operational rules for memory instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-machine-state-typing-tjy2nt63.png Figure 8. Machine State Typing. https://scispace.com/papers/feasibility-study-of-full-duplex-relaying-in-satellite-1j9w5re750 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-contribution-of-different-interference-br20xri6.png Fig. 4. Relative contribution of different interference components to SINR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectral-efficiency-of-half-duplex-and-full-duplex-2gxc5f63.png Fig. 5. Spectral Efficiency of half-duplex and full-duplex schemes (IBO = 5dB) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-half-duplex-transmission-on-the-forward-path-both-39e1hjxb.png Fig. 1. Half-duplex transmission on the forward path : Both links use different frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-full-duplex-forward-path-relaying-showing-si-1c7148bb.png Fig. 2. Full-duplex forward path relaying showing SI https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-propagation-and-link-budget-assumptions-1c7jkn8g.png TABLE I PROPAGATION AND LINK BUDGET ASSUMPTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evaluation-of-sinr-by-different-means-through-analysis-2zrc4ega.png Fig. 3. Evaluation of SINR by different means : through analysis and through exhaustive simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/feasability-of-yeast-and-bacteria-identification-using-uv-1k3uh4rmb5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-yeast-and-bacteria-growth-media-a-tryptic-soy-3sjpkide.png Figure 1: Yeast and bacteria growth media: (a) Tryptic Soy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-microorganisms-spectra-a-raw-uv-vis-b-msc-uv-vis-c-t9zgndn6.png Figure 4: Microorganisms spectra: (a) raw UV-VIS; (b) MSC UV-VIS; (c) raw VIS-NIR; (d) MSC VIS-NIR. https://scispace.com/papers/feasible-distributed-csp-models-for-scheduling-problems-1ra09l36p2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-map-of-europe-to-be-distributed-37y5dzt5.png Figure 6: Map of Europe to be distributed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-distributed-model-2tt3frg3.png Figure 1: General Distributed Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-driving-on-the-system-2vx5jiav.png Figure 4: Driving on the System. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hierarchical-architecture-of-the-system-3o4cafnm.png Figure 5: Hierarchical Architecture of the System. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributed-railway-scheduling-problem-by-set-of-14d5w1b3.png Figure 3: Distributed Railway Scheduling Problem by set of stations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distributed-railway-scheduling-problem-by-type-of-2v243kt5.png Figure 2: Distributed Railway Scheduling Problem by type of trains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distributed-model-with-a-central-authority-1shb0azr.png Figure 7: Distributed model with a central authority. https://scispace.com/papers/feasibility-study-evaluating-four-weeks-stochastic-resonance-1ahfkk5vaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-female-students-at-baseline-25d3jmqj.png Table 1. Characteristics of the female students at baseline. Values are in means ± SD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-the-feasibility-study-lfg9a72m.png Figure 1. Flow Chart of the feasibility study https://scispace.com/papers/feats-framework-for-explorative-analog-topology-synthesis-4swg52xbf4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-11-unity-testbench-pwrebzjv.png Figure 8.11: Unity testbench https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-5-various-ota-realizations-1qpqint0.png Figure 9.5: Various OTA realizations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-6-ota-mixed-with-a-common-source-stage-as-driver-stvznm9k.png Figure 9.6: OTA mixed with a common source stage as driver. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-9-single-ended-operational-transconductance-bd5x0gtj.png Figure 8.9: Single-Ended Operational Transconductance Amplifier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-eliplp-testbenches-ii-tpv01lvg.png Figure A.4: ELIPLP testbenches II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-eliplp-testbenches-i-20r0gd6y.png Figure A.3: ELIPLP testbenches I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-a-circuit-c-represented-as-a-bipartite-graph-g-16dqza3t.png Figure 2.1: A circuit c represented as a bipartite-graph G https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-simplified-analog-circuit-design-flow-zooming-38y54wh4.png Figure 1.3: Simplified analog circuit design flow—zooming into the Circuit Design node from Figure 1.2. https://scispace.com/papers/feature-selection-based-on-rough-sets-and-particle-swarm-3rea97zcnp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pso-searching-process-on-exactly2-2su4fuh7.png Table 6 PSO searching process on Exactly2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-pso-searching-process-on-mushroom-3ldzv7ln.png Table 8 PSO searching process on Mushroom https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-pso-searching-process-on-vote-173nf39h.png Table 7 PSO searching process on Vote https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-pso-searching-process-on-soybean-small-2xrq5y3b.png Table 9 PSO searching process on Soybean-small https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psorsfs-gaar-parameter-settings-7ue64p6a.png Table 1 PSORSFS&GAAR parameter settings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-results-on-14-datasets-2m8n67lu.png Table 2 Experimental results on 14 datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-pso-searching-process-on-lung-1tj9pzw2.png Table 10 PSO searching process on Lung https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-classification-results-with-different-reducts-1-1s8yoevu.png Table 4 Classification results with different reducts 1: Number of rules; 2: Classification accuracy https://scispace.com/papers/feature-selection-using-tabu-search-with-learning-memory-1stj89dvp1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-instances-description-the-total-number-of-features-3gfjp8yv.png Table 2. Instances description. The total number of features (# Features), the size of the training |T | and validation |V | sets (i.e., number of observations), the runtime (in seconds) needed by SVM to build and evaluate a model on each training set (without feature selection), and the runtime (in seconds) allocated to each optimization algorithm are given. Instances are divided into two groups according to the SVM runtime. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-learning-tabu-search-parameters-gives-each-parameter-iyl3hh6g.png Table 3. Learning Tabu Search parameters. Gives each parameter together with its setting value. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-and-standard-deviation-in-brackets-of-90c4fvdd.png Table 5. Average and standard deviation (in brackets) of Accuracy values obtained on both training and validation sets for HC, TS and LTS. Accuracy values in bold stand for algorithms outperforming the other one(s) according to the Wilcoxon test. The statistical comparison between algorithms is given. The double line shows the separation between low and high evaluation time cost. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metaheuristics-for-the-feature-selection-problem-the-3tmxbfnr.png Table 1. Metaheuristics for the feature selection problem. The bibliographic reference, the date and the resolution approach are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wrapper-approach-1krcfpr7.png Fig. 1. Wrapper approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-and-standard-deviation-in-brackets-of-b08kdz7t.png Table 4. Average and standard deviation (in brackets) of Fitness, Accuracy and # S Features values obtained on training sets for HC, TS and LTS. For each algorithm, the fitness values have been computed from the Accuracy and # S Features, the number of selected features (see Section 3.1). Fitness values in bold stand for algorithms outperforming the other one(s) according to the Wilcoxon test. For each instance, the value of the accuracy obtained by SVM without any feature selection is pointed out in brackets. The statistical comparison between algorithms is given under the instance name. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-algorithms-on-madelon-instance-1ufnagl1.png Fig. 2. Evolution of algorithms on Madelon instance https://scispace.com/papers/feature-based-calibration-of-distributed-smart-stereo-camera-3ib3ivtc2s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-group-topology-11gb2yai.png Figure 4.3: Group Topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-local-point-detection-software-gui-bctqszdk.png Figure 6.2: Local Point Detection Software GUI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-the-field-of-view-cone-2jgwo03z.png Figure 4 .5 : The Field of View Cone https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-feature-selection-process-2ezsm10q.png Figure 4.6: Feature Selection Process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-group-merging-28st8rdi.png Figure 4.4: Group Merging https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-feature-categorization-vljozioa.png Figure 4.2: Feature Categorization https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-manual-point-set-experiment-results-nhjb6f18.png Table 6.1: Manual Point Set Experiment Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-group-merge-initiator-process-3gdwhprj.png Figure 4.9: Group Merge Initiator Process https://scispace.com/papers/federalism-decentralisation-and-corruption-4sjw4i0woz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rolling-regression-for-exp-and-wbc-149m10oo.png Figure 2: Rolling regression for exp and wbc https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decentralisation-indicators-zs113zl4.png Table 1: Decentralisation indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-baseline-regressions-cross-section-year-2000-common-xcaim0i9.png Table 10: Baseline regressions - Cross Section (Year= 2000) - Common subset of countries - Additional Decentralisation Indicators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rolling-regression-for-rev-and-wbc-3o8yxyro.png Figure 3: Rolling regression for rev and wbc https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pairwise-correlations-between-selected-2whtnw6h.png Table 3: Pairwise correlations between selected decentralisation indicators https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-variable-description-and-data-sources-2tl2j74t.png Table 11: Variable description and data sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-corruption-on-decentralisation-and-standard-controls-q6p9ekdy.png Table 6: Corruption on decentralisation and standard controls. Direct Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-corruption-on-decentralisation-and-standard-controls-3pbb1hnz.png Table 7: Corruption on decentralisation and standard controls. Interaction Effects https://scispace.com/papers/fem-modelling-of-nanoindentation-experiment-for-1amnh72tof 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-depth-dependent-indentation-a-reduced-modulus-b-1fywbk8l.png Fig. 4 Depth dependent indentation a) reduced modulus, b) hardness for sample 5Ni (blue symbol) and 8Ni (pink symbol). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-load-displacement-curve-for-nanoindentation-d4grnow1.png Fig. 5 a) Load–displacement curve for nanoindentation , carbonaceous film with Pd. b) Depth dependent indentation reduce modulus and c) hardness for sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-model-of-spherical-shaped-tip-in-the-simulated-3tqeolzq.png Fig 6 a) Model of spherical shaped tip in the simulated indentation process of the C60 film. b) Deformation of the C60 film obtained in the numerical indentation experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-changes-in-numerical-nanoindentation-experiment-versus-ce7hppyb.png Fig. 7 Changes in numerical nanoindentation experiment versus to film morphology. Deformation of (a) C60 film (b) carbonaceouspalladium film with 4 Pd-nanocrystals (c) carbonaceous-palladium film with many Pd-nanocrystal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-afm-image-with-grain-size-analysis-for-nanostructural-13w9sxf0.png Fig. 1 AFM image with grain size analysis for nanostructural Ni-carbonaceous films nanograins https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-afm-image-with-grain-size-analysis-for-nanostructural-12ezhl91.png Fig. 2 AFM image with grain size analysis for nanostructural Pd-carbonaceous films nanograins https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-load-displacement-curves-for-nanoindentation-into-ni-3tx43mzc.png Fig. 3 Load–displacement curves for nanoindentation into Ni carbonaceous films a) samples 5Ni, b) samples 8Ni https://scispace.com/papers/feedforward-fft-hardware-architectures-based-on-rotator-20g0wlffj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-twiddle-factors-values-ph-for-the-32-point-4-p2dztskv.png TABLE IV TWIDDLE FACTORS VALUES (φ) FOR THE 32-POINT 4-PARALLEL RADIX-2 MDC DIF FFT ARCHITECTURE IN FIG. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-comparison-of-4-parallel-1024-point-ffts-on-fpgas-z4sykg10.png TABLE X COMPARISON OF 4-PARALLEL 1024-POINT FFTS ON FPGAS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-area-comparison-of-4-parallel-1024-point-ffts-on-1lhil07q.png Fig. 14. Area comparison of 4-parallel 1024-point FFTs on FPGAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-fft-area-of-4-parallel-feedforward-fft-architectures-2a0hucc9.png Fig. 12. FFT area of 4-parallel feedforward FFT architectures in terms of equivalent adders (including butterflies, rotators and multiplexers and excluding memories). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-fft-area-of-8-parallel-feedforward-fft-architectures-yfnkvwp6.png Fig. 13. FFT area of 8-parallel feedforward FFT architectures in terms of equivalent adders (including butterflies, rotators and multiplexers and excluding memories). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-proposed-32-point-4-parallel-radix-2-mdc-dif-fft-c0mep20j.png Fig. 5. Proposed 32-point 4-parallel radix-2 MDC DIF FFT architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-proposed-32-point-8-parallel-radix-2-mdc-dif-fft-w0udnyfb.png Fig. 6. Proposed 32-point 8-parallel radix-2 MDC DIF FFT architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-comparison-of-pipeline-parallel-fft-architectures-3du3e1pi.png TABLE IX COMPARISON OF PIPELINE PARALLEL FFT ARCHITECTURES IN TERMS OF COMPLEX ADDERS AND ROTATORS https://scispace.com/papers/feedforward-augmented-sliding-mode-motion-control-of-4qvrk7oji2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cad-model-left-and-a-physical-prototype-right-of-the-3nxccczs.png Fig. 1. A CAD model (left) and a physical prototype (right) of the proposed soft pneumatic linear actuator, which offers convenient physical and fluidic connectors to operate rigid kinematic linkages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-comparison-of-the-two-control-algorithms-following-3u50h1rp.png Fig. 14. A comparison of the two control algorithms following a sine wave with an external torque of 0.1 N-m acting in the positive direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-experimental-comparison-of-the-two-control-algorithms-1attse9b.png Fig. 15. Experimental comparison of the two control algorithms when a 200 g weight is added as a sudden disturbance after the step function has been reached. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-cad-model-left-and-a-physical-prototype-of-the-1-dof-2is4br6n.png Fig. 3. A CAD model (left) and a physical prototype of the 1-DoF revolute joint operated by the proposed soft actuators in antagonism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-fabrication-process-of-the-proposed-soft-linear-2pnzcz6g.png Fig. 2. The fabrication process of the proposed soft linear actuator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-two-pwm-control-signals-of-the-two-actuators-are-fi3capm4.png Fig. 4. The two PWM control signals of the two actuators are opposite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-experimental-data-from-a-representative-duty-cycle-2hwus98n.png Fig. 5. The experimental data from a representative duty cycle (65%) step input and its corresponding second order dynamic curve fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-comparison-of-the-two-control-algorithms-on-a-step-2itkp6q2.png Fig. 8. A comparison of the two control algorithms on a step response. Small variations in the starting point of each trial are a result of frictional effects. https://scispace.com/papers/femtosecond-time-resolved-optical-and-raman-spectroscopy-of-u2vcjddurt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-dependence-of-the-change-in-energy-a-and-2a1nd66n.png Figure 4. Time dependence of the change in energy (A) and spectral amplitude (B) of the CdN stretching vibration of [Fe(tren(py)3)](PF6)2 (1) derived from the femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering data shown in Figure 3. The dashed lines correspond to fits to exponential kinetic models. Both the spectral shift and amplitude can be modeled with the same initial time constant τ ) 190 ( 50 fs; the spectral shift exhibits a second component with τ2 ) 10 ( 3 ps. See text for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-femtosecond-stimulated-raman-scattering-spectra-for-2esatfz6.png Figure 3. Femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering spectra for [Fe(tren(py)3)](PF6)2 (1) in CH3CN solution. Electronic excitation was carried out at 560 nm with a Raman pump pulse centered at 792 nm. Steadystate Raman spectra for compounds 1 and 2 are shown at the bottom and top of the figure, respectively; inset numbers to the left of the stacked spectra correspond to delay times of the Raman pump relative to the excitation pulse. The dispersive feature at 1376 cm-1 (indicated by *) is due to the solvent. Additional experimental details can be found in the Supporting Information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-femtosecond-time-resolved-differential-absorption-24mth03t.png Figure 2. Femtosecond time-resolved differential absorption data for [Fe(tren(py)3)](PF6)2 (1) in CH3CN solution. Data were acquired at 285 (A), 290 (B), 315 (C), and 325 nm (D) following 1A1 f 1MLCT excitation at 560 nm. The solid lines correspond to fits derived from a convolution of the instrument response function with a biexponential kinetic model (τ1 < 250 fs and τ2 ) 5.5 ( 1.5 ps). See text for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differential-absorption-spectra-for-fe-tren-6-r-py-361zjeue.png Figure 1. Differential absorption spectra for [Fe(tren(6-R-py)3)](PF6)2 in CH3CN solution. The data points correspond to amplitudes from fits of nanosecond time-resolved absorption data acquired following 1A1 f 1MLCT excitation of compound 1 (R ) H) at 560 nm, whereas the solid red line is a difference spectrum calculated from the ground-state absorption spectra of compounds 1 and 2 (inset). Wavelengths for which the change in absorbance is zero correspond to isosbestic points between the 1A1 and 5T2 electronic states of this system. https://scispace.com/papers/ferroelectric-nanomesa-formation-from-polymer-langmuir-26oyg2gqzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-atomic-force-microscope-images-of-the-nanomesa-and-2gh0ptov.png FIG. 1. (a) Atomic force microscope images of the nanomesa and nanowell formations in P(VDF-TrFE 70:30) LB films annealed at 125 °C for 1 h. Top row, left–right: 1, 2, 3, 5 ML films. Bottom row: corresponding AFM profiles recorded along the white line drawn on the images. The profile graphs have a 10 nm vertical scale. Idealized diagrams of the(b) nanomesa and(c) nanowell shapes. https://scispace.com/papers/fetal-bone-cells-for-tissue-engineering-587vlondpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-alp-enzymatic-activity-of-fetal-bone-cells-n-adult-d2j1wy79.png Fig. 3. (A) ALP enzymatic activity of fetal bone cells (n), adult bone cells (o), and mesenchymal stem cells (4). Cells were treated with ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, dexamethasone 10 nM, and 1a,25(OH)2D3 10 nM (full differentiation mix). (B) ALP enzymatic activity of fetal bone cells treated with ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml and h-glycerophosphate 1 mM (minimal differentiation mix, 5); ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, hglycerophosphate 1 mM, and dexamethasone 10 nM (dexamethasone mix, !); ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, and 1a,25(OH)2D3 10 nM (vitamin D3 mix, 4); ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, hglycerophosphate 1 mM, dexamethasone 10 nM, and 1a,25-(OH)2D3 10 nM (full differentiation mix, n). Ratios relative to the untreated group at day 0 are shown. Results are expressed as the mean F SEM of three experiments performed in triplicate. Media were renewed every second day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-von-kossa-staining-of-the-extracellular-matrix-of-27nxlxzz.png Fig. 4. (A) Von Kossa staining of the extracellular matrix of fetal bone cells, adult bone cells, and mesenchymal stem cells after 2 weeks of treatment. Control ( ) and treated (+) groups are shown. Cells treated received ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, dexamethasone 10 nM, and 1a,25-(OH)2D3 10 nM (full differentiation mix). Media were renewed every second day. First positive stainings were observed after 3 and 5 weeks for mesenchymal cells and adult bone cells, respectively. At these time points, the groups treated with the full differentiation mix were markedly Von Kossa positive. (B) Von Kossa staining of fetal bone cells treated with ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml and h-glycerophosphate 1 mM (minimal differentiation mix); ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, and dexamethasone 10 nM (dexamethasone mix); ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, hglycerophosphate 1 mM, and 1a,25-(OH)2D3 10 nM (vitamin D3 mix); ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, dexamethasone 10 nM, and 1a,25-(OH)2D3 10 nM (full differentiation mix). Media were renewed every second day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-bone-like-nodule-formation-observed-with-fetal-bone-3sp7mqh2.png Fig. 5. (A) Bone-like nodule formation observed with fetal bone cells after 2 weeks. Control group and group treated with ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, hglycerophosphate 1 mM, dexamethasone 10 nM, and 1a,25-(OH)2D3 10 nM (full differentiation mix) are shown. First nodules were detected in the control group after the first week, and their number was increasing with time. (B) Extracellular matrix of fetal bone cells after 4 weeks of treatment with ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, dexamethasone 10 nM, and 1a,25-(OH)2D3 10 nM (full differentiation mix). SEM micrograph and SEM energy dispersive x-rays spectroscopy analysis are presented. Arrows indicate characteristic peaks of energy corresponding to Ca and P elements. Media were renewed every second day. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-doubling-time-of-human-fetal-bone-3427kqdj.png Table 1 Comparison of the doubling time of human fetal bone, adult bone, and mesenchymal stem cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-proliferation-curves-of-fetal-bone-cells-n-adult-2nbl6ies.png Fig. 1. (A) Proliferation curves of fetal bone cells (n), adult bone cells (o), and mesenchymal stem cells (4). Cells were treated with ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, dexamethasone 10 nM, and 1a,25(OH)2D3 10 nM (full differentiation mix). (B) Proliferation of fetal bone treated with ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml and h-glycerophosphate 1 mM (minimal differentiation mix, 5); ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM and dexamethasone 10 nM (dexamethasone mix, !); ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, and 1a,25-(OH)2D3 10 nM (vitamin D3 mix, 4); ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, dexamethasone 10 nM, and 1a,25-(OH)2D3 10 nM (full differentiation mix, n). Optical densities are expressed as ratios relative to day 0 levels. Results are shown as the meanF SEM of three experiments performed in triplicate. Media were renewed every second day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gene-expression-of-cbfa-1-a-a1-chain-of-type-i-35l4hwns.png Fig. 2. Gene expression of cbfa-1 (A), a1 chain of type I collagen (B), alkaline ph ascorbic acid 50 Ag/ml, h-glycerophosphate 1 mM, dexamethasone 10 nM, and 1 second day. The expression of fetal bone cells (n), adult bone cells (o), and m respective untreated group. Results are plotted as the mean F SEM of three indi https://scispace.com/papers/fertility-sexuality-and-cancer-in-young-adult-women-1rm9bh6ajk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biopsychosocial-assessment-of-cancer-related-female-2a0eqofw.png FIGURE 1. Biopsychosocial assessment of cancer-related female sexual dysfunction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-current-guidelines-on-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-1hlm2fd6.png Table 2. Current guidelines on gonadotropin-releasing hormone https://scispace.com/papers/few-layer-graphene-sticking-by-biofilm-of-freshwater-diatom-5d50wopol4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantity-of-the-different-elements-measured-by-icp-34jfuai4.png Table 1 Quantity of the different elements measured by ICP-OES analysis in the medium culture in the absence and in the presence of FLG50mg. ND ¼ not detected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-growth-kinetic-curve-of-n-palea-control-culture-in-spe-3150h62r.png Fig. 4. Growth kinetic curve of N. palea control culture in SPE medium. Diatoms counting were carried out in Malassez cell at 24, 48, 72 and 144 h of growth. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean of 3 separate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-raman-spectrum-of-dried-flg-jjlrdgwe.png Fig. 3. Raman spectrum of dried FLG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-growth-rate-r-of-n-palea-after-48-h-a-and-144-h-b-of-3co9umfd.png Fig. 5. Growth rate (r) of N. palea after 48 h (a) and 144 h (b) of FLG exposure for total effect test (grey bars) and shading effect test (black bars). (*) indicates significant difference (p < 0.05) between the different concentrations tested. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean of 3 separate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-proportion-of-non-viable-diatoms-for-total-exposure-33zvka0x.png Fig. 6. Proportion of non-viable diatoms for total exposure test at 48 h of FLG exposure. (*) indicates significant difference (p < 0.05). Error bars represent standard errors of the mean of 3 separate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-photosynthetic-active-radiation-measured-for-the-total-m9o3bsxq.png Fig. 7. Photosynthetic Active Radiation measured for the total exposure test (grey bars) and the shading test (black bars) at 48 h of FLG exposure. Groups with the same letter are not significantly different (p-value>0.05). Error bars represent standard errors of the mean of 3 separate experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-photosystem-ii-quantum-yield-of-n-palea-exposed-to-the-2eklsedf.png Fig. 8. Photosystem II quantum yield of N. palea exposed to the total effect (grey bars) and to shading effect (black bars) at 48 h of FLG exposure. Groups with the same letter are not significantly different (p-value>0.05). Error bars represent standard errors of the mean of 3 separate experiments.3.4. Quantification of FLG interaction with algal biofilm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-examples-of-collected-images-at-stereo-microscopy-of-3cuyewf3.png Fig. 9. Examples of collected images at stereo microscopy of full wells containing FLG50mg without N. palea culture in large view (a) and in magnified view (b), and with N. palea culture in large view and (c) in magnified view (d) after 144 h of exposure. https://scispace.com/papers/fertilizers-in-aquaculture-lbefbju5cl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-generalized-schematic-diagram-of-an-aquaculture-1i6p8umn.png Figure 2.1 Generalized schematic diagram of an aquaculture pond natural food web. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-fertilizers-manufactured-from-ammonia-and-rock-26rb7ojk.png Figure 2.2 Fertilizers manufactured from ammonia and rock phosphate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-nutrient-composition-on-an-as-is-basis-and-dry-3t3tzf1g.png Table 2.3 Nutrient composition (on an as is basis) and dry matter content of select animal manures and agricultural by-products that can be used as organic fertilizer https://scispace.com/papers/fight-or-freeze-individual-differences-in-investors-1gfowh63do 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prices-order-and-trading-volumes-during-treatment-3bp0nwsl.png Figure 1: Prices, order and trading volumes during treatment T1 (NORM) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prices-order-and-trading-volumes-during-treatment-3kp6uhn3.png Figure 2: Prices, order and trading volumes during treatment T2 (SHOCK) with positive shock (sub-treatment: T2-POST HI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-results-for-effects-of-market-composition-32g6vi23.png Table 3: Regression results for effects of market composition (BIS, BAS) on market-level performance measures during normal trading (T1; NORM) († p<0.13, * p<0.1, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01; [t-values in parentheses; heteroskedasticity-consistent (robust) standard errors (clustered) at session level]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-results-for-individual-level-variables-3htlqamt.png Table 2: Regression results for individual-level variables during normal trading (T1; NORM) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-results-for-effects-of-market-composition-7e7lzfba.png Table 6: Regression results for effects of market composition (BIS, BAS) on market-level performance measures during (a) POST-SHOCK trading vs. PRE-SHOCK trading following a positive shock, and (b) POST-SHOCK trading vs. PRE-SHOCK trading following a negative shock (* p<0.1, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01; [t-values in parentheses; heteroskedasticity-consistent (robust) standard errors (clustered) at session level]). Results for all post-pre shock trading comparisons are qualitatively robust to the use of standardized measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-bivariate-correlations-kga6o9hk.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations for individual level variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-for-individual-level-variables-22fg9fkp.png Table 5: Regression results for individual-level variables during post shock trading behavior following a negative shock (T2-POST LO) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-prices-order-and-trading-volumes-during-treatment-2bp1ekq0.png Figure 3: Prices, order and trading volumes during treatment T2 (SHOCK) with negative shock (sub-treatment: T2-POST LO) https://scispace.com/papers/figure-ground-history-and-practice-of-a-planning-technique-16cpqygvr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-late-nineteenth-century-baedeker-map-of-rimini-1ptmdaxc.png Figure 3 Late nineteenth-century Baedeker map of Rimini Source: Author’s collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-nollipatterned-endpapers-of-geoffrey-broadbent-post-3ns0b62l.png Figure 7 Nollipatterned endpapers of Geoffrey Broadbent post-modern textbook https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-koetter-kim-associates-london-wall-map-1980s-source-198n37im.png Figure 9 Koetter Kim Associates London wall map (1980s) Source: Pushpa Arabindoo, by kind permission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mauchline-east-ayrshire-source-hart-hooi-and-romice-mozwaqzf.png Figure 1 Mauchline, East Ayrshire Source: Hart, Hooi and Romice, 2010; by kind permission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dublin-figure-ground-by-derek-tynan-from-hurtt-1982-28x0utua.png Figure 6 Dublin figure-ground by Derek Tynan, from Hurtt, 1982 Source: Cornell Journal of Architecture, by kind permission of Cornell University https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-berlin-1989-source-from-the-online-collection-of-2e13vjxz.png Figure 8 Berlin 1989 Source: From the online collection of Schwarzpläne published by the Berlin Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt (2015); by kind permission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-hackney-wick-in-2015-source-juliet-davis-2016-by-1521csln.png Figure 13 Hackney Wick in 2015 Source: Juliet Davis (2016), by kind permission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-university-of-texas-austin-masterplan-san-jacinto-2tvjbvly.png Figure 12 University of Texas Austin Masterplan, San Jacinto Corridor flood and aquifer recharge zones (p. 151) Source: Sasaki Associates (2011), by kind permission https://scispace.com/papers/field-performance-of-sterile-male-mosquitoes-released-from-3jg8q0cig8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fried-competitiveness-index-of-sterile-male-a-aegypti-1lwy2ev4.png Fig. 2. Fried competitiveness index of sterile male A. aegypti. Sterile males were released using our prototype aerial release system or by ground in large cages at the laboratory. https://scispace.com/papers/filling-the-gaps-a-prescription-for-universal-pharmacare-19mz7fz5om 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-expenditures-on-prescription-drugs-by-source-of-gqr6tl96.png Figure 1: Expenditures on Prescription Drugs, by Source of Funds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-share-of-households-exceeding-catastrophic-spending-3hr7mifb.png Figure 4: Share of Households Exceeding “Catastrophic” Spending Thresholds for Prescription Drugs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cost-of-implementing-universal-prescription-drug-1mvwx1qk.png Figure 10: Cost of Implementing Universal Prescription Drug Insurance - Projection Scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-provincial-and-territorial-government-spending-and-rr606vts.png Figure 8: Provincial and Territorial Government Spending and Catastrophic Drug Insurance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-share-of-total-prescription-drug-spending-by-source-2ygpedee.png Figure 2: Share of Total Prescription Drug Spending, by Source of Funds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-insurance-coverage-in-canada-1cbayp3b.png Figure 3: Insurance Coverage in Canada https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-filling-in-the-gaps-in-prescription-drug-insurance-303oxups.png Figure 9: Filling in the Gaps In Prescription Drug Insurance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-insurance-coverage-by-income-247yo6lu.png Figure 6: Insurance Coverage by Income https://scispace.com/papers/filterbank-precoding-for-mimo-frequency-selective-channels-5cf0n2vymg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ber-performance-of-the-mn-fir-equaher-without-1lh64bjb.png Fig. 1. BER performance of the MN-FIR equaher (without https://scispace.com/papers/final-project-report-for-project-titled-5ewyqoebkf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tem-images-of-three-fluoroionomers-following-ion-1u91sw27.png Figure 4. TEM images of three fluoroionomers following ion exchange with lead nitrate. Left, Nafion 1100 EW. Center, FPA sample prepared from ionomer P-26 in Figure 4 followed by extensive hydrolysis in boiling HCl to hydrolyze the protected acid group prior to lead exchange. Right, ionomer sample P-18. The domain structure in sample P-18 is less well developed than that in Nafion or the other FPA sample. Figure taken from FY 2009 project annual report. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ionic-conductivity-for-fpa-ionomer-sample-p-18-3h2hm4tq.png Figure 3. Ionic conductivity for FPA ionomer sample P-18, compared with Nafion RE 212. Figure is taken from FY 2009 project annual report. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equivalent-weight-water-uptake-and-ionic-3hfbz3mo.png Table 1. Equivalent weight, water uptake and ionic conductivity at 100% RH for samples of various FPA-based ionomer membranes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computer-simulation-of-proton-hopping-in-cf3po3h2-1bk6wdmk.png Table 2. Computer simulation of proton hopping in CF3PO3H2 FPA model compound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computational-approaches-used-for-studies-of-model-3iy7u0nk.png Figure 5. Computational approaches used for studies of model compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-fluoroalkylphosphonic-and-phosphinic-2g5fkpvv.png Figure 1. Structures of fluoroalkylphosphonic and phosphinic acid model compounds studied during the project term. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structures-of-fluoroalkylphosphonic-and-phosphinic-4czo3q5r.png Figure 2. Structures of fluoroalkylphosphonic and phosphinic acid polymer electrolytes studied during the project term. https://scispace.com/papers/filtering-random-layering-effects-in-imaging-epcb0iyq1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-4-left-kirchhoff-migration-image-obtained-with-the-3ixlpyxb.png Fig. 4.4. Left: Kirchhoff migration image obtained with the traces shown on the left in Figure 4.3. Right: image with the annihilated traces shown on the right in Figure 4.3. The range and cross-range is in units of λ o. The sound speed v(z) is shown in the left plot of Figure 4.2. The location of the small scatterers is indicated with white circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-5-a-recorded-trace-d-t-h-blue-and-the-subtracted-3b0r0i97.png Fig. 4.5. A recorded trace D(t, h) (blue) and the subtracted traces Dc(t, h, h′) (red), for offsets h′ = 15λ o and h = 0. The mean speed is variable on the left column and constant on the right. The speeds v(z) are plotted in Figure 4.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-a-compactly-supported-scatterer-is-buried-in-a-2uym09f7.png Fig. 1.1. A compactly supported scatterer is buried in a layered medium with sound speed v(z). The array of transducers lies on the top surface z = 0 and it consists of sources and receivers at locations denoted by xs and xr. The medium is finely layered and it may have some strong scattering interfaces at depths −Lj , for j = 1, 2, . . .M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-6-the-recorded-d-t-h-blue-and-the-subtracted-traces-dc-2vcubpkt.png Fig. 4.6. The recorded D(t, h) (blue) and the subtracted traces Dc(t, h, h′) (red). We have h′ = h+ 2.5λ o, with h = 0 in the top row, h = 5λ o in the middle row and h = 10λ o in the bottom row. The mean speed is variable on the left column and constant on the right. The speeds v(z) are plotted in Figure 4.2 and the fine scale fluctuations are 30%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-7-the-recorded-d-t-h-5l-o-blue-and-the-subtracted-3n08epmt.png Fig. 4.7. The recorded D(t, h = 5λ o) (blue) and the subtracted traces Dc(t, h = 5λ o, h′ = 7.5λ o) (red). We have 13% fluctuations of v(z) on the left and 50% on the right. The 30% case is shown in Figure 4.6. The mean speed is variable. The realization of v(z) with 30% fluctuations is shown on the left in Figure 4.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-schematic-of-transmission-and-reflection-by-a-random-2tum8x3w.png Fig. 2.1. Schematic of transmission and reflection by a random slab in the depth interval (−Lt? , z). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-illustration-of-the-setup-for-the-numerical-304qd60q.png Fig. 4.1. Illustration of the setup for the numerical simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-9-velocity-estimation-in-the-case-of-stronger-bd3jde90.png Fig. 4.9. Velocity estimation in the case of stronger variation of the mean speed c(z). We show with the blue solid line the true speed v(z) and with the black dotted line the estimated c(z). The abscissa is negative depth scaled by λ o and the speed is in units of km/s. https://scispace.com/papers/final-report-on-iter-task-agreement-81-08-2cjd96ydgl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-tcws-vault-wall-heat-transfer-rate-to-the-s3azrned.png Figure 31. TCWS vault wall heat transfer rate to the atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-schematic-of-the-right-side-of-the-relap5-athena-3upxml3l.png Figure 17. Schematic of the right side of the RELAP5/ATHENA Divertor Loop Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-schematic-of-the-melcor-divertor-loop-model-as-2rq52qj5.png Figure 12. Schematic of the MELCOR Divertor Loop Model as represented in the feat2004.divsimpf.inp computer deck. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-comparison-of-the-melcor-and-relap5-athena-1o4083zj.png Figure 27. Comparison of the MELCOR and RELAP5/ATHENA integrated mass flow from the vacuum vessel to the drain tank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-comparison-of-the-melcor-and-relap5-athena-mass-c3h7j3j4.png Figure 21. Comparison of the MELCOR and RELAP5/ATHENA mass flow from the ex-vessel break to the TCWS vault. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-beryllium-dust-layer-effective-thermal-conductivity-1gvt4bwy.png Figure 4. Beryllium dust layer effective thermal conductivity based on Equation 19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-steam-concentration-in-a-2-mm-beryllium-2efv49ih.png Figure 3. Relative steam concentration in a 2 mm beryllium layer at various layer temperatures as predicted by Equation 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-schematic-of-the-melcor-suppression-system-model-2qntfug1.png Figure 13. Schematic of the MELCOR Suppression System Model as represented in the feat2004.divsimpf.inp computer deck. https://scispace.com/papers/financial-crisis-structure-and-reform-2f7w6xthci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-short-term-reversal-bank-credit-and-stock-market-1s9zlct0.png Table 6. The short-term reversal: Bank credit and stock market development during severe banking crises (1970-2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-short-term-reversal-financial-structure-2u69dvay.png Table 9. The short-term reversal: Financial structure, inflation and exchange market pressure during banking crises (1970-2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-short-term-reversal-during-banking-crises-3pro5l0b.png Table 8. The short-term reversal during banking crises: Subsamples https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-financial-reforms-and-financial-structure-during-3n4ytpdb.png Table 10. Financial reforms and financial structure during banking crises This table reports the relationships between financial reforms and financial structure during crises. Additionally, the factor of “creditor rights” is included as an independent variable. On the assumption that banking crises occur at time=0, “Year<0” stands for pre-crisis time; “Year=0|1” stands for during the crisis; “Year=2|3” stands for two years after the crisis; “Year=4|5” stands for four years after the crisis; “Year>5” stands for six years after the crisis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-short-term-reversal-bank-credit-and-stock-market-25m4l33x.png Table 5. The short-term reversal: Bank credit and stock market development during banking crises (1970-2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-main-variables-and-data-sources-x13904fq.png Table 1. Description of main variables and data sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-private-credit-stock-market-capitalization-and-rv8azvly.png Table 14. Private credit, stock market capitalization and financial reforms during banking crises https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-financial-structure-legal-environment-and-political-1ohhjnm8.png Table 11. Financial structure, legal environment and political regime characteristics (robustness tests) https://scispace.com/papers/financial-development-and-economic-activity-in-advanced-and-28jxv9dndn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-panel-cointegration-westerlund-edgerton-2007-2j4418ef.png Table 4 Panel Cointegration Westerlund-Edgerton (2007) Bootstrap Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chang-and-song-2009-panel-unit-root-tests-28enqcy2.png Table 3 Chang and Song (2009) Panel Unit Root Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-panel-cointegration-westerlund-edgerton-bootstrap-1vhoa35r.png Table 5 Panel Cointegration Westerlund-Edgerton Bootstrap Test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-variables-30ewgyfj.png Table 1 Definitions of Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-panel-unit-root-and-cross-sectional-dependence-tests-25x2qsof.png Table 2 Panel Unit Root and Cross-sectional dependence Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-panel-cointegrating-estimations-3vo0ptwg.png Table 6 Panel Cointegrating Estimations https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-panel-causality-tests-2tvuavkh.png Table 7 Panel Causality Tests https://scispace.com/papers/financial-development-and-innovation-in-small-firms-4tii2dueoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-r-d-and-financing-patterns-of-firms-3c1ynjpl.png Table 4: R&D and Financing Patterns of Firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-1zkk778u.png Table 2: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-in-country-characteristics-13jl3004.png Table 3: Correlations in Country Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-firm-size-private-credit-gdp-and-financial-1rpo36p0.png Table 5: Firm Size, Private Credit/GDP and Financial Constraint https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-innovation-r-d-spending-firm-size-and-financial-2am9cs4t.png Table 9: Innovation/R&D Spending, Firm Size and Financial Development https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-r-d-spending-firm-size-and-financial-development-3qq6thej.png Table 8: R&D Spending, Firm Size and Financial Development https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-r-d-firm-size-and-entry-regulation-2x8lq5wq.png Table 12: R&D, Firm Size and Entry Regulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-r-d-firm-size-and-alternative-measures-of-financial-17sxp67k.png Table 7: R&D, Firm Size and Alternative Measures of Financial Development https://scispace.com/papers/financial-strain-and-stressful-events-predict-newlyweds-ze67j5fuz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-likelihood-estimation-of-the-model-testing-35gqvn7k.png Figure 1. Maximum likelihood estimation of the model testing all independent variables simultaneously. Note. Standardized factor loadings are presented. Only significant paths are shown. The factor loadings for all observed parameters are significant at p .001. Comparative fit index (CFI) .98, root mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) .03, 2 402 (298), 2/df 1.35. p .05. p .01. p .001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factor-loadings-between-independent-and-dependent-2erg1fx2.png Table 3 Factor Loadings Between Independent and Dependent Variables for Simultaneous Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-sds-of-all-observed-parameters-for-each-1echcbsr.png Table 1 Means and SDs of All Observed Parameters for Each Construct (N 414) https://scispace.com/papers/financial-market-liquidity-and-the-lender-of-last-resort-1rgw4llfzt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-breakdown-of-block-trades-exceeding-eur-50000-3q2c9xvb.png Figure 4 Breakdown of block trades exceeding EUR 50,000 carried out by the same IF according to the nature of counterparts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-breakdown-of-average-transaction-costs-between-july-3j62waxn.png Figure 2 Breakdown of average transaction costs between July 2005 and June 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-turnover-in-block-trades-with-a-minimum-value-of-1oqhvfpr.png Figure 3 Turnover in block trades with a minimum value of EUR 50,000 reported in the TCS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-money-market-instruments-and-uses-33ierjxx.png Table 1 Money market instruments and uses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-operations-since-2000-2iemv0ge.png Figure 1 Main operations since 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-central-banks-interventions-and-statements-in-the-2lzst6ll.png Table 3 Central banks’ interventions and statements in the days following Thursday 9th August 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-trades-on-euronext-paris-on-cac40-equities-3h1lmvfs.png Figure 5 Cross trades on Euronext Paris on CAC40 equities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-breakdown-of-cross-trades-of-a-minimum-size-of-eur-fhl56ttu.png Figure 6 Breakdown of cross trades of a minimum size of EUR 50,000 according to the nature of counterparts https://scispace.com/papers/financial-viability-of-pcms-in-countries-with-low-energy-51jhu8h7dq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-economic-analysis-of-cooling-cost-with-and-without-qjsv5y3v.png Table 5. Economic analysis of cooling cost with and without PCMs https://scispace.com/papers/finding-crispr-s-niche-oxygen-and-temperature-shape-the-1osqust9w1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictive-ability-of-models-of-crispr-incidence-on-2dlyk97f.png Table 2 Predictive ability of models of CRISPR incidence on the Proteobacteria test set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-importance-of-top-ten-predictors-in-the-rf-model-of-3jggzqdl.png Fig. 3 Importance of top ten predictors in the RF model of CRISPR incidence using the ProTraits predictors. The mean decrease in accuracy measures the reduction in model accuracy when a variable is randomly permuted in the dataset. The Gini impurity index is a common score used to measure the performance of decision-tree based models (e.g. RF models). Briefly, when a decision tree is built the Gini impurity index measures how well separated the different classes of outcome variable are at the terminal nodes of the tree (i.e., how “pure” each of the nodes is). The mean decrease in Gini impurity measures the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-type-ii-crispr-systems-appear-to-be-more-prevalent-in-3ujjlcq7.png Fig. 5 Type II CRISPR systems appear to be more prevalent in host-associated microbes. a The cas targeting genes associated with type I, type II, and type III systems (cas3, cas9, and cas10, respectively) mapped onto the PCA in Fig. S2. Organisms without any targeting genes were omitted from the plot for readability. Recall from Table 1 that PC1 roughly corresponds to a spectrum running from hostassociated to free-living microbes. b A variable importance plot from an RF model of cas9 incidence. Observe that keywords related to a host-associated lifestyle appear many times https://scispace.com/papers/finding-the-uv-visible-path-forward-proceedings-of-the-3gtgfv18t6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-the-physical-size-of-hdsts-diffraction-limited-vkptkzi9.png Figure 3.1 - The physical size of HDST’s diffraction limited spatial resolution element, as a function of distance / redshift. Note that the HDST resolution element is < 100 AU anywhere in the Milky Way and < 100 pc anywhere in the observable Universe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-2-2h9igkpg.png Figure 6.4.2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-4-3-x-15-1-accelerating-after-launch-from-under-the-27cwu9ad.png Figure 7.4.3 - X-15-1 accelerating after launch from under the wing of a B-52 at 45,000 ft. and Mach 0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-2-examples-are-shown-of-the-surface-detail-arp2hdf7.png Figure 5.6.2 - Examples are shown of the surface detail detectable on several planet satellites, along with geyser/volcanic activity. NIR observations can obtain surface ices on objects as small as 10 km in radius (Grundy et al. 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-11-1-left-panel-surface-densities-as-a-function-of-20oav4c3.png Figure 5.11.1 - Left panel – Surface densities as a function of observer’s frame apparent magnitude for galaxy populations with redshifts between 0 – 0.2, 0.2 – 0.4, 0.4 – 0.6, 0.6 – 0.8, 0.8 – 1.2, 1.8 – 2.3, 2.4 – 3.4, estimated following Arnouts et al (2005). There are 100s – 10,000’s of galaxies per square degree. Right panel- the purple asterisks show the characteristic apparent LyC magnitudes (ab) m∗900(1+z) as a function of look back time, and in redshift and wavelength space, for different escape fractions. Contours of constant flux units are overplotted as green dashes marked in FEFU fractions defined in the abscissa subtitle. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2-1-sample-of-photocathode-efficiencies-1p2bezwk.png Figure 6.2.1 - Sample of photocathode efficiencies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-1-the-cadence-of-flagships-and-explorers-from-the-3vv7afzz.png Figure 7.1.1 - The cadence of Flagships and Explorers, from the perspective of the Astro2010 Decadal Survey (pg. 168). GEMS and LISA were cancelled. JWST’s launch is 2018. TESS was selected as one of the MidEx missions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-2-some-castor-performance-metrics-for-surveys-38e5eg6f.png Figure 7.3.2 - Some CASTOR performance metrics for surveys, compared with others. https://scispace.com/papers/finding-irony-an-introduction-of-the-verbal-irony-procedure-37ds2hnh1f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evaluation-of-sarah-nolans-character-non-ironic-2ntj1dnr.png FIGURE 4 Evaluation of Sarah Nolan’s character: Non-ironic hyperbole. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-desirability-of-the-discounted-price-of-computer-2sojat6n.png FIGURE 2 Desirability of the discounted price of Computer Idee. https://scispace.com/papers/finding-the-hidden-value-in-sme-networks-2jbgov7x95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-hole-analysis-for-corbett-research-noy02d7p.png Table 2 Structural hole analysis for Corbett Research, Pharmanex and Ranbaxy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prominence-measures-sme-network-2uuc4v5l.png Table 1 Prominence measures – SME network https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-hole-analysis-for-corbett-research-2v6j1b90.png Table 2 Structural hole analysis for Corbett Research, Pharmanex and Ranbaxy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-biotech-sme-network-2spfjiac.png Figure 1 Biotech SME network https://scispace.com/papers/fine-mapping-of-a-qtl-locus-qnfsp07-1-and-analysis-of-49fg5sm93i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-single-marker-analysis-of-the-r1-population-120xt4zq.png Table 4 Single-marker analysis of the R1 population https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rjbwgv7p.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3cocpynk.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-19xittyj.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-d4651yj8.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-single-marker-analysis-of-the-r2-population-144wujjp.png Table 5 Single-marker analysis of the R2 population https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hko3den0.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1dchbdd5.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/fine-timing-synchronization-based-on-modified-expectation-idwzptfwri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-timing-mse-of-different-algorithms-in-the-cost-207-ra-3fp67ims.png Fig. 4. Timing MSE of different algorithms in the COST 207 RA Channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-timing-mse-of-different-algorithms-in-the-cost-207-tu-xkshy9ow.png Fig. 5. Timing MSE of different algorithms in the COST 207 TU channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-timing-metric-and-classification-results-for-cost-207-3at96mhn.png Fig. 1. Timing metric and classification results for COST 207 RA channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-timing-performance-for-different-values-of-c-for-cost-2rqqu401.png Fig. 3. Timing performance for different values of c for COST 207 TU channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-timing-performance-for-different-values-of-c-for-cost-r2c3m1j4.png Fig. 2. Timing performance for different values of c for COST 207 RA channel. https://scispace.com/papers/fingering-a-murderer-a-successful-anthropological-and-48vhigjx20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-upper-row-enlargements-of-portions-of-the-antemortem-35s9gb0x.png FIG. 1—Upper row: enlargements of portions of the antemortem radiograph of the victim’s left hand. Lower row: postmortem radiographs of burned bones retrieved from the crime scene. Compare at upper left and lower left the trabecular arch (arrowheads) enclosing a trabecular star (arrow). At upper and lower middle images compare the large serpentine trabeculum in the distal phalanx of the ring finger (arrowheads). Compare at upper and lower right the three round ‘‘owl eyes’’ in the distal end of the middle phalanx of the index finger. These matching patterns are unique and specific to a single individual. https://scispace.com/papers/finite-element-microstructural-homogenization-techniques-and-1bf9e8dsjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polycrystalline-microstructures-a-with-zero-1yf9q918.png Figure 1: Polycrystalline microstructures (a) With zero intergranular phase thickness (b) Atomic structure of a two dimensional model of nanostructured material. The atoms in the centres of the crystals are indicated in black represented as grains. The one in the boundary core regions are respected as open circles represented as grain boundaries [32] (c) With nonzero random intergranular phase thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-computational-results-of-volume-fraction-of-86vt1weg.png Figure 8: (a) Computational results of volume fraction of intergranular phase as a function of average grain size. (b) Computational results (solid line) and power law A ig α d -0.972 (dotted line) of average surface area of intergranular phase (A ig) as a function of average grain size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-computationally-generated-2d-representative-1rkdof2p.png Figure 2: (a) Computationally generated 2D Representative volume element of heterogeneous polycrystalline microstructures with average random intergranular phase thickness of 5 nm and approximate average intragranular polygon phase grain size of 100 μm. (b) Heterogeneous Polycrystalline microstructures with random intergranular phase shared between adjusting polygon intragranular phase. (c) Schematic cross section through a two dimensional nanoglass. The atoms are represented by circles. The material consists of small regions in the interior of which (filled circles) the interatomic spacing are similar to a bulk glass. In the interfacial region (broken lines, open circles) a broad spectrum of interatomic spacings exists [42]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-grve-with-mrve-embedded-with-hrve1-b-mass-ynq4oj1i.png Figure 4: (a) GRVE with MRVE embedded with HRVE1 (b) Mass concentration profile in HRVE and with increase or decrease at MRVE due to intergranular microstructures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-computational-results-of-normalized-concentration-1x03msb1.png Figure 11: Computational results of normalized concentration of mass atom as the function of normalized distance of GRVE for various average grain sizes. The Curves are divided into two regions with the dotted line, the left side region shows the steady state normalized concentration profile of HRVE and the right side region shows the steady state normalized concentration profile of the MRVE. The diffusion coefficients assigned to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-close-view-of-computed-composite-polycrystalline-1i8bs5gk.png Figure 6. Close view of computed composite polycrystalline material with intergranular phase and its average grin size various from 9.039 nm, 90.39 nm, 903.9 nm, 9.039 μm, 90.39 μm respectively https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-heterogeneous-polycrystalline-composite-media-and-2quj0jro.png Figure 3: Heterogeneous polycrystalline composite media and microstructural representative volume element. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-calculated-results-of-normalized-steady-state-nl9of9mz.png Figure 12: Calculated results of normalized steady state concentration of hydrogen atom as the function of average grain sizes for various normalized distance of GRVE. https://scispace.com/papers/finite-element-modeling-of-an-alternating-current-122eynwq8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-results-of-the-cold-test-measurements-for-the-bvc7pni8.png FIG. 11. Results of the cold test measurements for the configuration with duplex stainless steel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-skin-depth-in-austenitic-stainless-steel-at-room-3gpzcxfi.png TABLE IV. Skin depth in austenitic stainless steel at room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-results-of-the-cold-test-measurements-for-the-ikc3rs60.png FIG. 12. Results of the cold test measurements for the configuration with austenitic stainless steel (green region in Fig. 9) surrounded by duplex stainless steel (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-results-of-the-cold-test-measurements-for-the-30lk19cz.png FIG. 10. Results of the cold test measurements for the configuration with austenitic stainless steel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-simulation-results-of-the-pressure-distributions-in-1sin5uqq.png FIG. 16. Simulation results of the pressure distributions in the melt for duplex stainless steel for the optimal cases for each oscillation frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-simulation-results-of-the-vertical-lorentz-force-3tykptt7.png FIG. 17. Simulation results of the vertical Lorentz force component in the melt for duplex stainless steel for the optimal cases for each oscillation frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-simulation-results-of-the-electromagnetic-2ezo2tbq.png FIG. 14. Simulation results of the electromagnetic compensation of the pressure differences between upper and lower weld bead surfaces for austenitic stainless steel for different oscillation frequencies. Dots indicate simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-temperature-distribution-as-well-as-velocity-vectors-lf42apcx.png FIG. 13. Temperature distribution as well as velocity vectors in the symmetry plane for the reference case without electromagnetic weld pool support for duplex stainless steel AISI 2205. https://scispace.com/papers/finite-element-modelling-of-composite-cold-formed-steel-oiuhryul46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-load-deflection-responses-from-test-2drv9el5.png Figure 14: Comparison of load-deflection responses from test and numerical simulation for specimens: (a) B15-2 and (b) B30-2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-enhancements-in-moment-capacity-and-flexural-3qsoopb0.png Figure 22: Enhancements in moment capacity and flexural stiffness of the composite systems relative to the corresponding bare steel systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-typical-observed-failure-mode-from-a-p3ai6hwr.png Figure 13: Comparison of typical observed failure mode from: (a) test and (b) numerical simulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-of-parametric-studies-for-steel-sections-of-o20zggli.png Table 9: Results of parametric studies for steel sections of 250 mm height https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-of-parametric-studies-for-steel-sections-of-16d4tzka.png Table 8: Results of parametric studies for steel sections of 220 mm height https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparison-of-load-deflection-responses-from-test-3f064iqt.png Figure 16: Comparison of load-deflection responses from test and numerical simulation for a typical specimen (B15-4) where the physical test was stopped prematurely https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-comparison-of-cross-sectional-strain-distributions-145hnf3d.png Figure 15: Comparison of cross-sectional strain distributions at ultimate load from test (B15-2) and numerical simulation at midspan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-load-displacement-relationship-assigned-to-1s2fwj73.png Figure 5: Load-displacement relationship assigned to nonlinear springs https://scispace.com/papers/finite-elements-for-materials-with-strain-gradient-effects-2xmhlnrjq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-six-types-of-element-18l51l2z.png Figure 1. Sketch of six types of element https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-continued-23fsdq0h.png Figure 4. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-contours-of-normalized-strain-and-relaxed-strain-246iwgd4.png Figure 7. (a) Contours of normalized strain and relaxed strain around the hole with l/a"1. The material is incompressible. Nodal values of the strain are calculated with bilinear local smoothing. The mesh consists of QU34L4 elements; (b) Contours of normalized strain and relaxed strain around the hole with l/a"1. The material is incompressible. Nodal values of the strain are calculated with constant local smoothing and the surface values are extrapolated from inner nodes. The mesh consists of QU34L4 elements https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-stress-concentration-factor-l-0-5-1ms8aqwt.png Table II. Stress concentration factor (l"0)5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-stress-concentration-factor-l-0-2azm0u4j.png Table I. Stress concentration factor (l"0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-global-view-of-a-mesh-used-for-the-stress-231dbsl2.png Figure 6. (a) Global view of a mesh used for the stress concentration problem as depicted in Figure 5. The mesh has 720 quadrilateral elements and 2983 nodes. Boundary conditions are indicated; (b) the close-up view of the fine mesh zone. Boundary conditions on the hole surface are included https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-illustrations-for-extrapolations-from-inner-nodes-2qo2c9zt.png Figure 8. Illustrations for extrapolations from inner nodes onto surface nodes. The dashed lines represent a side of a triangular element: (a) nodes at the ends of a strip mesh used for the boundary layer analysis; (b) nodes around a corner of the mesh used for the hole problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-notation-and-geometry-of-an-infinite-plane-1xsrqnm2.png Figure 5. Notation and geometry of an infinite plane subjected to a remotely uniform tension https://scispace.com/papers/finite-size-interaction-amplitudes-and-their-universality-15y93d3u56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-migdal-kadanoff-renormalization-group-fixed-points-19bcic0j.png TABLE II. Migdal-Kadanoff renormalization-group fixed points Ea for the bulk coupling E~ at criticality, and K0 and Ksa for the surface coupling Eq at the ordinary and surfacebulk transitions, respectively in 2, 3, and 4 dimensions. 6f x,'=z,'" Ko Esp https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-migdal-kadanoff-renormalization-group-estimates-for-3lo4syc5.png TABLE I. Migdal-Kadanoff renormalization-group estimates for the finite-size interaction amplitudes b, corresponding to the ordinary (0), surface-bulk (SB) for d y 2, and extraordinary (E) transitions of a surface without boundary fields, and as a function of the signs of boundary fields. Space dimensionality d equals 2, 3, or 4. Numbers in parentheses are exact, conjectured, or from e expansion. Furthermore, Lpg=Ag+, Lsa g=ksa+, SEE=DE+=6+ +. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-field-theory-magnetization-profile-in-reduced-22d8qs9k.png FIG. 1. Mean-field-theory magnetization profile in reduced units: {a) EgO, Eq. {3.11);{b) E g0, Eq. {3.15). independent of h~ and u&. (b) Surface-bulk (u2 —0). Choosing hi &0, the symmetric profile truncated at g = E, +51 i a—nd (=0, respectively, satisfies the boundary conditions so that https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-migdal-kadanoff-renormalization-group-estimates-17asbb07.png TABLE III. Migdal-Kadanoff renormalization-group estimates for the finite-size amplitudes L(0)=500—F, and F in various dimensions d. Numbers in parentheses are exact results https://scispace.com/papers/finite-size-scaling-investigation-of-the-liquid-liquid-469vbtg2aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-as-the-density-changes-from-r-ldl-to-r-hdl-also-the-29qg3tor.png FIG. 5. As the density changes from ρ(LDL) to ρ(HDL), also the structure changes. The inset shows how the density is changing with time for six consecutive time intervals of 10 ns, with the corresponding SOO(k) shown in the main plot (N = 343 at 200 MPa and 248 K). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-decay-of-soo-k-t-with-time-for-p-210-mpa-t-250-k-and-n-26z4zosf.png FIG. 6. Decay of SOO(k, t) with time, for P = 210 MPa, T = 250 K, and N = 343. Symbols indicate FOO(ki, t) for three different values of k: the first maximum of SOO(k) at k1 (red circles), the second maximum at k2 (blue squares), and the third maximum k3 (green diamonds). Solid lines are fits according to Eq. (5). The two components of Eq. (5) are explicitly shown for FOO(k3, t): the green dashed line represents the β-relaxation and is given by [1 − A(k)]exp [− (t/τβ )2], the green dotted line represents the α-relaxation and satisfies A(k)exp [− (t/τα)b]. The solid green line going through FOO(k3, t) is the sum of both. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-evolution-of-crystal-size-with-time-for-the-same-kn3rx0d1.png FIG. 16. Evolution of crystal size with time for the same configurations as in Fig. 15. The y-axis goes from 0 to 34, except for configurations C and F which go up to 343. The system spontaneously crystallizes in both C and F, while the largest crystals in the remaining configurations never reach a size larger than 30 molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-a-snapshot-at-t-1000-ns-of-the-diamond-cubic-crystal-do7oa45y.png FIG. 17. A snapshot (at t = 1000 ns) of the diamond cubic crystal produced by run C of Figs. 15 and 16. Shown here are all N = 343 molecules, with a small part still in the liquid state (bottom-left corner), and a crystal defect in the center. Note that the defect only affects the position of the hydrogen atoms, and not that of the oxygen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-the-correlation-time-increases-dramatically-if-3p4nqo39.png FIG. 18. The correlation time increases dramatically if crystals of a size comparable to the system size appear (i.e., runs C and F of Figs. 15 and 16). The correlation time of two other runs (H and J) are slightly larger than average because these runs spend more time in the LDL phase (see Fig. 15). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-density-vs-time-near-the-phase-transition-line-at-p-2v9lz2bk.png FIG. 15. Density vs. time near the phase transition line at P = 205 MPa and T = 246 K for several different configurations of N = 343 molecules. This state point lies near the phase transition, and therefore phase flipping is seen to occur. Runs C and F (partially) crystallize and, at that moment, cease to phase flip and remain stable at a low density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-arrhenius-plot-of-the-correlation-time-t-for-different-dl1si9yo.png FIG. 7. Arrhenius plot of the correlation time τ for different pressures. Errors on our estimates are of the order of the discontinuities along the curves. At high temperatures (the HDL regime), the correlation time is of the order of 10–100 ps, which jumps several orders up as we pass the phase transition line and enter the LDL regime. To obtain this plot, we dismissed the simulations that had a significant increase in τ because of crystal growth (see Sec. VI). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-probability-distribution-function-of-ps-1-3-for-both-vbhqre8m.png FIG. 14. Probability distribution function of ψ (1)3 for both P = 195 MPa and 240 MPa, with N = 343 molecules (see Fig. 13(a) for P = 215 MPa). At the Widom line (195 MPa), the structure of the low-density liquid is similar to that of LDL at 240 MPa, and the structure of the high-density liquid near the Widom line is practically the same as HDL. This demonstrates that the LDLlike and HDL-like phases are indeed structurally similar to LDL and HDL. Furthermore, the structural difference between the LDL-like and HDL-like phases becomes smaller as we move away from the phase transition line to lower and lower pressures. https://scispace.com/papers/finite-time-outer-synchronization-between-two-complex-4sqzxza04m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-time-evolution-of-total-synchronization-error-e-t-1e4mylax.png Fig. 4. (a) Time evolution of total synchronization error E(t) with time delay σ = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and τ = 4; (b) The corresponding logarithmic plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-time-evolution-of-total-synchronization-error-e-t-3fjbvqi5.png Fig. 3. (a) Time evolution of total synchronization error E(t) with time delay τ = 1, 2, 4, 8 and σ = 0.3; (b) The corresponding logarithmic plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chaotic-attractor-generated-by-the-system-27-when-a-0-3lk2vwju.png Fig. 1. Chaotic attractor generated by the system (27) when α = 0.03, β = 1.5, γ = 0.2, µ = 1.5, ε = 0.75, ρ = 21.43 and δ = 0.075. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trajectories-of-synchronization-error-a-and-the-total-hve3ywqi.png Fig. 2. Trajectories of synchronization error (a) and the total synchronization error (b) between network (1) and (2) with k = 3, λ = 1.5, θ = 0.6, σ0 = 1, τ = 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-trajectory-of-first-node-x1j-j-1-2-3-of-rossler-2nsqooqe.png Fig. 6. The trajectory of first node x1j(j = 1, 2, 3) of Rössler-like system and the first node y1j(j = 1, 2, 3) of Lorenz system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-trajectories-of-synchronization-error-a-and-the-total-271umk0c.png Fig. 7. Trajectories of synchronization error (a) and the total synchronization error (b) between networks (1) and (2) with σ0 = 1.5, τ = 1, p = 0.5.. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-trajectories-of-synchronization-error-a-and-the-total-jv14bdly.png Fig. 5. Trajectories of synchronization error (a) and the total synchronization error (b) between networks (1) and (21) with k = 32, λ = 3, θ = 0.6, σ0 = 0.02, τ = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-trajectories-of-total-synchronization-error-between-1f1m2pdj.png Fig. 8. Trajectories of total synchronization error between small-world networks (1) and (2) with p = 0.2, 0.5, 0.8.. https://scispace.com/papers/fire-history-of-glacier-national-park-hudson-bay-drainage-4fcqhnhb8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-cont-2rbyrnma.png Fig. 11 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ysfu3kh7.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fire-cycles-by-century-2kt1ufv5.png Fig. 5. Fire Cycles by Century https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-stand-fire-intervals-stand-replacement-fire-regime-2vfd0l0b.png Fig. 8. Stand Fire Intervals, Stand Replacement Fire Regime https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sea4xgfc.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-v4f6zszm.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-cont-1mvpt11j.png Fig. 11 (cont.) https://scispace.com/papers/firm-heterogeneity-under-financial-imperfection-impacts-of-3qm1as4fdv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reciprocal-fdi-flows-m6fqkfci.png Figure 3. Reciprocal FDI Flows https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thresholds-for-the-choice-of-high-productivity-3komytgq.png Figure 2. Thresholds for the choice of high-productivity technology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-feasible-set-of-ko-20b3s4ug.png Figure 1. Feasible set of kω https://scispace.com/papers/firm-investment-liquidity-and-bank-health-a-panel-study-of-469qujmtez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-results-of-investment-equation-and-cash-bzgjh80j.png Table 6: Estimation Results of Investment Equation and Cash Holdings Equation: The Case Where Firm Size Affects Cash Flow and Cash Stock Sensitivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-four-indices-of-financial-development-2002-2011-2v89tspp.png Table 1: Four Indices of Financial Development: 2002–2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-of-investment-equation-and-cash-2bg359wi.png Table 4: Estimation Results of Investment Equation and Cash Holdings Equation: Basic Case https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cash-flow-and-cash-stock-sensitivity-of-investment-1l8s0mvv.png Table 9: Cash Flow and Cash Stock Sensitivity of Investment and Cash Holdings in 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-major-firm-characteristics-27ozalc2.png Table 3: Descriptive Statistics of Major Firm Characteristics by Country https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-of-investment-equation-and-cash-aaa0mnnp.png Table 5: Estimation Results of Investment Equation and Cash Holdings Equation: Sample Separation by the Degree of Financial Development https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimation-results-of-investment-and-cash-holdings-fyaxmtce.png Table 8: Estimation Results of Investment and Cash Holdings Equations: The Relation of Cash Flow and Cash Stock Sensitivity to Bank Health and Firm Age https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimation-results-of-investment-equation-and-cash-2diuohav.png Table 7: Estimation Results of Investment Equation and Cash Holdings Equation: The Case Where Bank Health Affects Cash Flow and Cash Stock Sensitivity https://scispace.com/papers/firm-performance-in-challenging-business-climates-does-2ccmc32hsb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-pearson-correlation-of-17hgwlbe.png TABLE 1: Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation of work engagement, economic indicators (2-7), control https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bootstrapping-estimates-of-indirect-effects-of-37g9znpa.png TABLE 3: Bootstrapping estimates of indirect effects of capital intensity and industry affiliation on firm performance through managerial work engagement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-managerial-work-engagement-we-on-firm-2hryuqzc.png TABLE 2: Impact of managerial work engagement (WE) on firm performance (FP) https://scispace.com/papers/first-automated-stroke-imaging-evaluation-via-electronic-2fhoog56dt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-axial-unenhanced-ct-images-acquired-in-the-prehospital-3sr7yeav.png Fig. 1. Axial unenhanced CT images acquired in the prehospital setting of the MSU (left panel), and e-ASPECTS segmentation of these images (right panel). a ,  b The e-ASPECTS software showed that no early infarct signs were present (ASPECTS value, 10) and assisted in the decision for prehospital thrombolysis in a patient with acute stroke. c , d For a patient with acute stroke caused by large-vessel occlusion, an e-ASPECTS value of 10 assisted in the decision for prehospital bridging thrombolysis, followed by intra-arterial treatment in a comprehensive stroke center. e , f For an acute stroke patient with signs of pre-existing cerebral microangiopathy and older ischemic lesions in the left MCA territory, detection of early ischemic signs was difficult. However, an eASPECTS value of 10 assisted in the interpretation against early infarct signs and in making the decision to treat the patient with prehospital thrombolysis. https://scispace.com/papers/first-all-flavor-neutrino-pointlike-source-search-with-the-55hhjwx4qm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sky-map-in-equatorial-coordinates-of-the-7629-track-njgh84ra.png Figure 6: Sky map in equatorial coordinates of the 7629 track (blue crosses) and the 180 shower (red circles) events passing the selection cuts. Yellow stars indicate the location of the 106 candidate neutrino sources, and yellow squares indicate the location of the 13 considered tracks from the IceCube high energy sample events or HESE (see Section 4.2). The black solid ellipse indicates the search region around the Galactic Center, in which the origin of the galactic coordinates is indicated with a black star. The black dashed line indicates the galactic equator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-left-rdf-parameter-for-data-cosmic-neutrinos-and-38kgsc2j.png Figure 12: Left: RDF parameter for data, cosmic neutrinos and atmospheric background. This figure corresponds to the event distributions after all the cuts prior to the RDF listed in Table 2. Right: muon likelihood ratio parameter for data, cosmic neutrinos and atmospheric background. This figure corresponds to the event distributions after the RDF and all previous cuts listed in Table 2. In both figures the dashed vertical line indicates the cut value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-data-with-monte-carlo-mc-2e2210uf.png Figure 2: Comparison of the data with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations as a function of the quality parameter Λ (left). This figure corresponds to the event distribution after a cut on the estimated angular error (βtr < 1◦) and on the reconstructed zenith angle (cos θtr > −0.1). The dashed vertical line marks the cut value. Right: comparison of the data with the simulations in the zenith θsh of the reconstructed shower direction. This figure corresponds to the event distribution after all shower selection cuts presented in Table 2. For the cosmic neutrinos, a flux according to dΦ/dE = 10−8 (E/GeV)−2 GeV−1 cm−2 s−1 is assumed in both figures. The two bottom plots show the data to MC ratio, where the number of MC events is the sum of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-acceptance-as-a-function-of-the-source-a0nkhx9p.png Figure 5: The acceptance as a function of the source declination for an E−2 energy spectrum with a flux normalization factor of Φ0 = 10−8 GeV cm−2 s−1 for the track (blue) and shower (red) samples. For better visibility, the acceptance for showers is scaled up by a factor 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-upper-limits-at-a-90-c-l-on-the-signal-flux-from-parh1erb.png Figure 9: Upper limits at a 90 % C.L. on the signal flux from the investigated candidates assuming an E−2 spectrum (red circles). The dashed red line shows the ANTARES sensitivity and the blue dashed line the sensitivity of the seven years point-like source analysis by the IceCube Collaboration for comparison [24]. The upper-limits obtained in this analysis are also included (blue dots). The ANTARES 5σ pre-trial discovery flux is a factor 2.5 to 2.9 larger than the sensitivity. The curve for the sensitivity for neutrino energies under 100 TeV is also included (solid red line). The IceCube curve for energies under 100 TeV (solid blue line) is obtained from the 3 years MESE analysis [25]. The limits of the most significant cluster obtained in bands of 1◦ in declination (dark red squares) are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-discovery-flux-dotted-red-median-sensitivity-2z6xbfki.png Figure 11: Discovery flux (dotted red), median sensitivity (dotted blue) and 90% C.L. upper limits (green) for a search for an extended source at Sagittarius A* at (α, δ) = (266.42◦,−29.01◦) assuming different angular extensions σ. The dashed lines correspond to the point-like source assumption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-90-c-l-upper-limits-of-a-search-restricted-to-the-1f1up36p.png Figure 10: 90% C.L. upper limits of a search restricted to the region around the origin of the galactic coordinates at (α, δ) = (266.40◦,–28.94◦) assuming different spectral indices for the neutrino flux (left) and different source extensions for γ = 2 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-events-in-the-a-d-ra-dec-20uwexgl.png Figure 8: Distribution of events in the (α, δ) (RA, DEC) coordinates for the most significant clusters found in the full sky search (top left), candidate list search (HESSJ0632+057) (top right), search over the track events from the IceCube HESE sample (track with ID = 3) (middle left), search around the Galactic Centre for an E−2 point-like source (middle right), search around the Galactic Centre for an E−2.5 point-like source (bottom left) and at the location of Sagittarius A* (bottom right). In all figures, the inner (outer) green line depicts the one (five) degree distance from the position of the best fit or known location, indicated as a grey star. The red points denote shower-like events, whereas the blue points indicate track-like events. Different tones of red and blue correspond to the values assumed by the energy estimators: the number of hits (shower-like events) and the ρ parameter (track-like events) as shown in the legend. The dashed circles around the events indicate the angular error estimate. https://scispace.com/papers/first-elements-on-knowledge-discovery-guided-by-domain-1flfqo84rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-life-cycle-of-kdd-within-coron-2bycc1ke.png Fig. 2. The life cycle of KDD within Coron https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-from-data-to-knowledge-units-the-objective-of-the-1e9hse63.png Fig. 1. From data to knowledge units: the objective of the knowledge discovery process is to select, prepare and extract knowledge units from different data sources. For effective reuse, the extracted knowledge units have to be represented within an adequate knowledge representation formalism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-architecture-for-a-system-aimed-at-knowledge-3ud5gw4q.png Fig. 3. An architecture for a system aimed at “knowledge discovery (from complex data) guided by domain knowledge process (kddk)”. The classical kdd process can be read from left to right, while, by contrast, the kddk system can be read from right to left. https://scispace.com/papers/first-evidence-of-feline-herpesvirus-calicivirus-parvovirus-1s9942im1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-depicting-the-geographic-areas-within-brazil-rp594njr.png FIGURE 1. Map depicting the geographic areas within Brazil from which samples from 21 free-ranging felids were collected. https://scispace.com/papers/first-evidence-of-multiple-beta-delayed-neutron-emission-for-br26whzkto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-belen-neutron-efficiency-for-the-setup-with-48-3he-2r9sp54w.png Fig. 2. The BELEN neutron efficiency for the setup with 48 3He counters along the energy range (left). nn correlation events conditioned to a β detection (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tube-located-at-the-end-of-the-beam-line-where-the-3k5wcohm.png Fig. 1. Tube located at the end of the beam line where the implantation tape and β detector are located (left). Experimental setup of the BELEN detector (right). https://scispace.com/papers/first-infrared-investigations-of-ocs-h2o-ocs-h2o-2-and-ocs-2-30ifys819q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-observed-frequencies-cm-1-and-assignments-for-ocs-280frv97.png TABLE II. Observed frequencies (cm 1) and assignments for OCS–(H2O)2 and (H2O)2 complexes isolated in solid neon. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-observed-frequencies-cm-1-and-assignments-for-ocs-36zf3a3y.png TABLE III. Observed frequencies (cm 1) and assignments for (OCS)2–H2O and (OCS)2 complexes isolated in solid neon. Most intense bands are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-geometries-of-the-f1-f2-and-f3-isomers-for-the-1-1-ocs-odm90nw4.png FIG. 8. Geometries of the F1, F2, and F3 isomers for the 1:1 OCS–H2O complex. Relative energies corrected from ZPE computed at CCSD(T)F12a/AVTZ level of theory. (n.a.) Relative energy not available at CCSD(T)F12a (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-experimental-and-calculated-mp2-avtz-frequencies-2slra5ui.png TABLE VI. Experimental and calculated (MP2/AVTZ) frequencies shifts (cm 1) between the 2:1 complex and the OCS monomer, dimer, and the H2O monomer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-calculated-geometries-of-the-2-1-complex-relative-1ohr4mft.png FIG. 11. Calculated geometries of the 2:1 complex. Relative energies computed at CCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ from MP2/AVTZ structures and corrected from MP2/AVTZ ZPE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-comparison-of-frequencies-cm-1-and-shifts-n-nmono-2pem4of6.png TABLE IV. Comparison of frequencies (cm 1) and shifts (∆ν = νmono νcomplex) for F1 and F2 1:1 complexes between observed and calculated (MP2/AVTZ) data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-calculated-geometries-of-the-2-0-complex-relative-18fyi5r4.png FIG. 10. Calculated geometries of the 2:0 complex. Relative energies computed at CCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ from MP2/AVTZ structures and corrected from MP2/AVTZ ZPE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mp2-avtz-geometry-of-the-most-stable-isomer-of-the-1-2-3ego01ck.png FIG. 9. MP2/AVTZ geometry of the most stable isomer of the 1:2 complex. https://scispace.com/papers/first-of-a-kind-control-room-modernization-project-plan-3o11q6nxm3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-human-systems-simulation-laboratory-reconfigurable-2bqns1uu.png Figure 1. Human Systems Simulation Laboratory - Reconfigurable Hybrid Control Room Simulator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-depiction-of-possible-location-of-digital-displays-3an02sd5.png Figure 8. Depiction of possible location of digital displays in the PVNGS control room. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pvngs-representatives-participate-in-a-1c8mqhy2.png Figure 5. PVNGS representatives participate in a demonstration of project capabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-a-control-board-model-created-from-the-355keewd.png Figure 6. Example of a control board model created from the control room survey data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-project-technical-meeting-resulting-in-initial-3copnd31.png Figure 4. Project technical meeting resulting in initial designs for the End-State Concept. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-initial-version-of-a-3-d-baseline-model-of-the-1sd5oftf.png Figure 7. Initial version of a 3-D baseline model of the PVNGS control room. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-computer-assisted-virtual-environment-cave-zmpg52ps.png Figure 3. The Computer-Assisted Virtual Environment (CAVE). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-d-control-room-model-depicting-operator-vision-3f002y4v.png Figure 2. 3-D Control Room Model depicting operator vision attributes. https://scispace.com/papers/first-observation-of-the-b-0-atop-s-k-k-decay-mode-and-37zn2zo317 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-a-1-6-section-of-the-cot-end-plate-a-for-each-326xeyyc.png Figure 2.5: A 1/6 section of the COT end-plate (a). For each super-layer is given the total number of cells, the wire orientation (axial or stereo), and the average radius [cm]. The enlargement shows in details the slot were wire planes (sense) and field sheet (field) are installed. Sketch of an axial cross-section of three cells in super-layer 2, (b). The arrow shows the radial direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-14-average-difference-between-data-and-fit-function-2dficqx4.png Figure 5.14: Average difference between data and fit function shown in fig. 5.13 as a function of βγ of positively (a) and negatively-charged (b) kaons and pions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-7-results-of-the-gaussian-fit-of-the-pull-value-3cj69l4h.png Table 6.7: Results of the Gaussian fit of the pull-value distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-11-invariant-j-pskp-mass-distributions-of-b0-j-psk-2535bb6b.png Figure 8.11: Invariant J/ψKπ-mass distributions of B0 → J/ψK∗0 candidates with pT(B) < 6 GeV/c passing (a), and failing (b), the isolation requirement. Invariant J/ψK+K−-mass distributions of B0s → J/ψφ candidates with pT(B) < 6 GeV/c passing (c), and failing (d), the isolation requirement. Fit functions are overlaid (red, solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-fit-results-signal-background-related-quantities-wwwbl7jp.png Table 7.1: Fit results. Signal (background) related quantities are reported in the upper (lower) section. The last column reports the legend to convert the minuit coding of the fit parameters into physics quantities for interpreting the correlation matrix shown at pag. 160; the missing codes refer to parameters not being part of the set of primary fit parameters (~θ). C-conjugate modes are implied except for the parameter in the third row. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-2-number-of-candidates-in-simulated-events-after-18x1xyd3.png Table 8.2: Number of candidates in simulated events after trigger, reconstruction, and analysis selection, excluding the isolation cut (second column). Same quantities after correction for the XFT bias (third column). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2-time-integrated-decay-rates-for-the-modes-of-zrxhy01s.png Table 1.2: Time-integrated decay-rates for the modes of interest as measured by the BABAR [62, 63] and the Belle [64, 65, 66] experiments, as of Summer 2006. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-schematic-comparison-of-some-relevant-parameters-331u5j9l.png Table 1.1: Schematic comparison of some relevant parameters for b-physics measurements in different experimental environments. “DELPHI” stands for “DEtector with Lepton, Photon, and Hadron Identification”, “OPAL” for “Omni-Purpose Apparatus at LEP”. All numerical values are approximate. https://scispace.com/papers/first-order-displacement-based-zigzag-theories-for-composite-4nsmry4ot1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-and-layer-numbering-of-the-multilayered-plate-1dqbgxhy.png Fig. 1-Geometry and layer numbering of the multilayered plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-global-esl-fsdt-and-b-local-enrichment-in-the-di-1s51i9un.png Fig. 5 - (a) Global ESL FSDT and (b) local enrichment in the Di Sciuva’s FSDZZT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-0-continuous-in-plane-displacements-zig-zag-1yi8mh8a.png Fig. 4 - (a) C 0 -continuous in-plane displacements (zig-zag pattern); (b) Jumps in the transverse shear strains; (c) C 0 -continuous transverse shear stresses (zig-zag pattern). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-thickness-wise-distributions-of-a-transverse-lz8prig0.png Fig. 3 - Typical thickness-wise distributions of (a) transverse shear elastic stiffness coefficients, (b) transverse shear strains, and (c) transverse shear stresses, in a laminated structures if the in-plane displacements are assumed to be at least C 1 -continuous functions of the z-coordinate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-refined-zigzag-function-for-a-three-layer-laminate-155wmyie.png Fig. 7 – Refined Zigzag function for a three-layer laminate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-normalized-transverse-deflection-at-the-center-of-the-168pq07z.png Fig. 9 - Normalized transverse deflection at the center of the plate as a function of the spanto-thickness ratio a/2h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometry-material-data-and-boundary-conditions-of-13hl5o4u.png Table 1- Geometry, material data and boundary conditions of the sandwich plates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-global-esl-fsdt-local-zigzag-enrichment-and-resulting-nymy6ve5.png Fig. 6 - Global ESL FSDT ( ), local zigzag enrichment ( ) and resulting kinematics ( ) of Di Sciuva’s FSDZZT. https://scispace.com/papers/first-order-correction-to-the-renormalization-of-the-phase-2rlds86unq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-root-mean-square-errors-in-the-spectrum-of-the-3vi0r74v.png Table 2. Root-mean square errorS in the spectrum of the effective Hamitonian for different values of1β; the data for all three cases show thatS = O(1β2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fourier-coefficients-of-the-first-two-terms-of-the-1w78k1y6.png Table 1. Fourier coefficients of the first two terms of the effective Hamiltonian for the case p = 2, q = 5, ν = 2, Mν = −1, Nν = 3. https://scispace.com/papers/first-principles-approach-to-chemical-diffusion-of-lithium-3blhutw1hz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-mean-frequencies-of-jump-int-as-a-function-lfcbawem.png FIG. 5. Calculated mean frequencies of jump Int as a function of temperature using quantum statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-chemical-diffusion-coefficients-of-lithium-atoms-by-2cp5hqfa.png FIG. 6. Chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium atoms by the interstitial mechanism as a function of a temperature and b the inverse of temperature. The apparent activation energies Q in the range of 100–1000 K are shown in the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-changes-in-a-vibrational-energy-evib-and-b-320dwjyj.png FIG. 14. Changes in a vibrational energy Evib and b vibrational entropy for the interstitial jump jump Int . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-calculated-phonon-band-structures-and-3oekc894.png FIG. 8. Color online Calculated phonon band structures and vibrational spectra of a the initial, b the saddle-point, and c metastable states in the vacancy mechanism. The total spectrum, the contribution of all the lithium atoms, and that of the migrating lithium atom are expressed by broken line, solid line, and red filled region indicated by arrows , respectively. Imaginary frequencies are expressed as negative values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bottom-migration-path-and-top-energy-profile-along-the-2x0xicmp.png FIG. 7. Bottom Migration path and top energy profile along the path by the vacancy mechanism. The schematic drawings of the migration path are inserted in the figure. The hexagons denote the hexagonal network of carbon atoms see also Fig. 1 c . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-crystal-structure-of-lic6-schematic-12rkteu7.png FIG. 1. Color online a Crystal structure of LiC6. Schematic drawings of lithium migrations by b the interstitial and c the vacancy mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-calculated-mean-frequencies-of-jumps-v1-v1-and-v2-v2-1tsrikfn.png FIG. 10. Calculated mean frequencies of jumps V1 V1 and V2 V2 as a function of temperature using quantum statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-changes-in-vibrational-free-energy-fvib-for-a-jump-v1-3g7ve1rq.png FIG. 9. Changes in vibrational free energy Fvib for a jump V1 and b jump V2 as a function of temperature, evaluated in thick lines quantum and thin lines classical statistics. The discrepancies are also shown in the figures by broken lines. https://scispace.com/papers/first-order-reasoning-for-higher-order-concurrency-21l9udjguw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-parallel-context-closure-1a2636qr.png Figure 6: Parallel Context Closure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-context-closure-2cwgkh3k.png Figure 7: Context Closure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-lts-more-rules-omitting-symmetric-rules-v91qi8wf.png Figure 5: The LTS: more rules (omitting symmetric rules) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-syntax-and-typing-of-pp-p-3f902cz7.png Figure 2: Syntax and typing of pp-π https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-big-picture-24ryczr3.png Figure 8: The big picture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-lts-main-rules-omitting-symmetric-rules-3ia6f0jq.png Figure 4: The LTS: main rules (omitting symmetric rules) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reduction-semantics-for-pp-p-1myipeug.png Figure 3: Reduction semantics for pp-π https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-equivalence-and-an-inequivalence-in-higher-order-dfjo0ksw.png Figure 1: An Equivalence and an inequivalence in higher-order concurrency https://scispace.com/papers/first-principles-studies-on-organic-electronic-materials-cwbwvjtgr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stable-configurations-of-the-hybrid-system-of-a-si-srqhbily.png Fig. 4. Stable configurations of the hybrid system of a Si cluster with 27 atoms and a PPV chain. The images on the right are contour plots of the electron localization function (ELF), showing the formation of a covalent bond between the Si cluster and the PPV chain in the second case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transformation-of-metal-free-phthalocyanine-pc-with-2-3ecmwuoj.png Fig. 5. Transformation of metal-free phthalocyanine (Pc) with 2 H atoms at the Pc core: (a) and (c) are inital and final configurations, (b) is the transition state. The DFT-GGA energies of (b) and (c) are larger than that of (a) by 0.49 eV and 0.34 eV, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contribution-of-the-encircled-c-rings-of-a-in-the-2olgft51.png Fig. 3. Contribution of the encircled C rings of (a) in the electronic density of states (b) of rubrene. The tetracene backbone of rubrene has an enhanced role in the formation of the valence and conductions bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contribution-of-the-encircled-c-rings-of-a-in-the-2kwkomw2.png Fig. 2. Contribution of the encircled C rings of (a) in the electronic density of states (b) of pentacene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-band-formation-in-a-pentacene-crystal-top-electronic-wrix5qbs.png Fig. 1. Band formation in a pentacene crystal: (top) electronic density of states of pentacene, and (bottom) amplitudes of the respective highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) orbitals of pentacene. The orbital below the HOMO (HOMO-1) is also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/first-principles-study-of-he-in-si-riggqg9dmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-nearest-neighbor-breathing-mode-relaxations-adnn-1rjnrgj4.png TABLE I. Nearest-neighbor breathing mode relaxations AdNN, relaxation energies E„~, and heats of solution AH of a He atom in tetrahedral and hexagonal interstitial site in silicon. The heats of solution are given for two difFerent plane-wave cutoff energies E,. The heat of solution in the tetrahedral site near vacancy [Fig. 3(b)] is also given. Finally, the heats of solution for a second He in the supercell are shown in the cases where the first He is at a bulk tetrahedral site and at the tetrahedral site near the Si vacancy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-time-evolution-of-the-position-of-the-he-atom-3euoe7qp.png FIG. 2. The time evolution of the position of the He atom along the [111]direction. The distance is measured from the hexagonal site. The arrow indicates the position of the tetrahedral site. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-structure-of-a-a-clean-neutral-vacancy-in-si-b-a-1uszqjuc.png FIG. 3. The structure of (a) a clean neutral vacancy in Si, (b) a He-vacancy pair, (c) a complex of two He and a vacancy. The four nearest Si atoms of the vacancy (at the center of the cage) are denoted by closed circles and the He atoms by open circles. The equivalent distances (in Bohr radii) between Si atoms are shown by similar lines, i.e., solid, dashed, dashdotted, and dotted lines in order of increasing distance. https://scispace.com/papers/first-synthesis-of-biopterin-a-d-glucoside-3wo4gbc429 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-600-mhz-1h-and-151-mhz-13c-nmr-spectral-parameters-351pbaiu.png Table 1. 600 MHz 1H- and 151 MHz 13C-NMR Spectral Parameters [chemical shifts (δ) and coupling constants (Hz)] for biopterin α-D-glucoside (2) in D2O —————————————————————————————————————————————— https://scispace.com/papers/first-record-of-fossil-anguines-squamata-anguidae-from-the-3rxz7pslgo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-taxa-examined-from-turkish-oligocene-and-26gok2bw.png Table 1 List of taxa examined from Turkish Oligocene and Miocene localities https://scispace.com/papers/first-total-syntheses-of-novel-non-enzymatic-polyunsaturated-3kmz5b53cc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-introduction-of-propargylic-unit-7-by-acetylide-6kfdusbj.png Table 1. Introduction of propargylic unit 7 by acetylide alkylation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-percentage-of-dha-and-epa-derived-3t3jfeb6.png Figure 2. Relative percentage of DHA and EPA derived metabolites in NourSea and WHC oils. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-percentage-of-dha-and-epa-derived-2es2923q.png Figure 1. Relative percentage of DHA and EPA derived metabolites in NourSea and WHC oils. https://scispace.com/papers/fiscal-reform-and-monetary-union-in-west-africa-1nv2pd6wgr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-1iv9qvw6.png Table 1: Definitions https://scispace.com/papers/fiscal-spillovers-in-the-euro-area-2tydrbuc3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contemporaneous-effects-of-foreign-variables-on-2o0w1vma.png Table 3. Contemporaneous Effects of Foreign Variables on Domestic Counterparts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trade-weights-1pqmxl56.png Table 1. Trade weights https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determination-of-the-cointegration-rank-bvqn4lk8.png Table 2. Determination of the cointegration rank https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-generalised-forecast-error-variance-decomposition-39inpc2v.png Table 6. Generalised Forecast Error Variance Decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-weak-exogeneity-tests-2w3xjirx.png Table 5. Weak exogeneity tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shocks-to-long-term-interest-rate-p4pixw0n.png Figure 3. Shocks to long-term interest rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-pairwise-cross-section-correlations-2ejh67rx.png Table 4. Average Pairwise Cross-Section Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shocks-to-debt-29to098r.png Figure 2. Shocks to debt https://scispace.com/papers/fiscal-variables-and-bond-spreads-evidence-from-eastern-58brrzgn0l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sure-regression-russia-july-1998-december-2007-3am9o4ho.png Table 6: SURE regression, Russia (July 1998 – December 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-poland-deficit-and-bond-spread-1hm0jmkp.png Figure 6: Poland: Deficit and bond spread https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-country-ratings-control-group-3u9t7pwt.png Figure 3: Average country ratings (control group) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-embi-spread-pduhsj2j.png Figure 1: Global EMBI spread https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-turkey-deficit-and-bond-spread-19ensyxb.png Figure 8: Turkey: Deficit and bond spread https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-sure-regression-mexico-december-1997-december-2007-2lrw6hsd.png Table 11: SURE regression, Mexico (December 1997 – December 2007) https://scispace.com/papers/fischer-tropsch-synthesis-effect-of-co-conversion-on-ch4-and-fkk9jwphwj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ch4-selectivity-of-1k-and-3k-iron-catalysts-a-2z6rvia2.png Table 2. CH4 selectivity of 1K and 3K iron catalysts (a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selectivities-of-the-iron-catalysts-with-and-without-2c7j40aa.png Table 3. Selectivities of the iron catalysts with and without Cu(a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-in-2-in-the-reactor-with-co-conversion-over-lmzs361d.png Figure 3. Change in 𝑃𝐻2𝑂 in the reactor with CO conversion over 1 K catalyst (270 oC, 1.3 MPa, H2/CO = 0.67) and 2K, 3K and 5 K catalyst (260 oC, 1.3 MPa, H2/CO = 0.67). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-change-of-2-ratio-in-the-reactor-with-co-conversion-3i6y5x7q.png Figure 2. Change of 𝑃𝐻2𝑂/𝑃𝐶𝑂 ratio in the reactor with CO conversion over 1 K catalyst (270 oC, 1.3 MPa, H2/CO = 0.67) and 2K, 3K and 5 K catalysts (260 oC, 1.3 MPa, H2/CO = 0.67). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-oxygenate-selectivity-over-1k-2k-3k-and-5k-2xk5ma6k.png Figure 7. Oxygenate selectivity over 1K, 2K, 3K and 5K catalysts. Other process conditions: 1.3 MPa, H2/CO = 0.67 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-gc-trace-of-ft-water-product-for-3k-iron-catalyst-3jy6cpf0.png Figure 6. (a) GC trace of FT water product for 3K iron catalyst comprised of water and C1-C5 oxygenates. (b) GC trace of FT oil product for 3K iron catalyst comprised of C4-C17 oxygenates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-proposed-oxygenate-and-hydrocarbon-formation-g6ptkfyz.png Figure 8. Proposed oxygenate and hydrocarbon formation pathway for Fe-K catalysts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-ch4-selectivity-with-co-conversion-over-1-1ttg9hw1.png Figure 1. Change in CH4 selectivity with CO conversion over 1 K catalyst (top) at 270 oC, 1.3 MPa, H2/CO = 0.67, and 2K, 3K and 5K catalysts at 260 oC, 1.3 MPa, H2/CO = 0.67. https://scispace.com/papers/fisheries-instrument-choice-under-uncertainty-2a149lp9n8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-used-in-the-optimization-models-35q03o3u.png TABLE 1 PARAMETER VALUES USED IN THE OPTIMIZATION MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-optimal-solutions-under-three-uncertainty-scenarios-14odz9ko.png TABLE 5 OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS UNDER THREE UNCERTAINTY SCENARIOS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-non-linear-estimated-results-for-the-ricker-equation-1npzf45b.png TABLE 2 NON-LINEAR ESTIMATED RESULTS FOR THE RICKER EQUATION [16] AND THE CPUE EQUATION [17] USING 1971–2000 DATA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-transitional-paths-of-stock-size-catch-and-effort-1mhjgbnn.png FIGURE 1 TRANSITIONAL PATHS OF STOCK SIZE, CATCH, AND EFFORT IN THE BASE MODEL https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optimal-solutions-of-the-base-case-and-stochastic-1xzmtx4m.png TABLE 3 OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS OF THE BASE-CASE AND STOCHASTIC MODELS WITHOUT DISCOUNTING https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-profit-stock-catch-and-fishing-effort-38ucyuuu.png TABLE 6 SUMMARY OF PROFIT, STOCK, CATCH AND FISHING EFFORT IMPACTS OF TAC AND TAE CONTROLS UNDER DIFFERENT SCENARIOS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimal-solutions-of-the-base-case-and-stochastic-28xpqew2.png TABLE 4 OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS OF THE BASE-CASE AND STOCHASTIC MODELS WITH A DISCOUNT RATE (d 5 3%) https://scispace.com/papers/fitness-fatness-physical-activity-and-autonomic-function-in-55197eeo3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-analysis-of-cardiorespiratory-fitness-px9gzqge.png Table 2. Multivariate analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by peak heart rate during submaximal step test (HRSTEP), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and relative amount of body fat (Fat%) as determinants of autonomic function in men. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-correlations-of-cardiorespiratory-fitness-crf-a-e-1wgh1qsn.png Figure 2. Correlations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, a-e) as evaluated by peak heart rate 350 during the step test (HRSTEP), daily amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA, 351 f-j) and body fat percentage (Fat%, k-o) to cardiac autonomic function in men. HR heart rate, 352 rMSSD root mean square of the successive differences in R-R interval, BRS baroreflex 353 sensitivity, HRR heart rate recovery. Percentiles of HRSTEP, MVPA and Fat% and natural 354 logarithm of BRS and rMSSD were used in Pearson correlation analyses. 355 356 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-analysis-of-cardiorespiratory-fitness-qalpj2a3.png Table 3. Multivariate analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by peak heart rate during submaximal stepping-test (HRSTEP), moderate-tovigorous physical activity (MVPA) and relative amount of body fat (Fat%) as determinants of autonomic function in women. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-population-ghnpq887.png Table 1. Characteristics of the study population. https://scispace.com/papers/fitting-discrete-multivariate-distributions-with-unbounded-17lbvakorv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-methods-b-and-c-for-selected-zeta-3ro5deu2.png Table 1: Comparison of methods B and C for selected zeta marginals. The target rank correlation is 0.5. CPU times were measured in MATLAB. Bivariate normal integrals were evaluated by writing Φ̄ρ(x,y) = ∫ −x −∞ ∫ −y −∞ φρ(z,w)dzdw and evaluating the latter integral via MATLAB’s function mvncdf to tolerance 10−9. https://scispace.com/papers/five-practical-uses-of-spatial-autocorrelation-for-studies-2kttaorvmr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-datasets-employed-by-the-case-studies-presented-2nnob32p.png Table 1. The datasets employed by the case studies presented. 2.0 Methodology https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-a-classic-ordinary-least-squares-zef7pmko.png Table 2. Results of a classic ordinary least squares regression (section 2.3), spatially lagged autoregression (section 2.4) and spatial error regression (section 2.5) between the reef community composition on the reef platform and water depth. R2 indicates proportion of variation observed in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-location-of-central-bommie-152o443-20-e-23o2948-lu7k5ntc.png Figure 1. A Location of Central Bommie (152o4’43.20”E; 23o29’48.68”S), the case study site at One Tree Island and B-D the datasets associated with the present study. B A transect profile of 47 underwater photographs across the reef platform, C WorldView-2 satellite image of Central Bommie, D A digital elevation model of Central Bommie. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-semivariogram-for-the-reflectance-values-of-the-14v9juz4.png Figure 3. Semivariogram for the reflectance values of the reef platform satellite image, best described with a Gaussian function with a range of approximately 20 m (distance between which the characteristics associated with point locations on the reef platform no longer influence each other), a nugget of 0.06 x 10-3 and a sill at γ =1.217 x 10-3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-autocorrelation-morans-i-of-the-reflectance-23la63rx.png Figure 2. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I) of the reflectance values that comprise the satellite image of the reef platform at One Tree Island (spatial resolution 1 m). A. Measured locally for each point in the raster grid (within a neighbourhood of 20 m), and B. Measured globally by comparing each point systematically to every other point in the dataset. The univariate Moran scatterplot shows the spatial lag of the variable (reflectance) on the y-axis (WR1) and the original variable (R1) on the x-axis . https://scispace.com/papers/five-phase-permanent-magnetic-synchronous-motor-fed-by-fault-5aaf85gbqz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-base-rules-for-error-and-its-variation-1k8epw5i.png Table 1. Definition of base rules for error and its variation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-five-phase-pmsm-and-inverter-2ragarku.png Table 2. Parameters of five phase PMSM and inverter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulation-results-using-fuzzy-logic-controller-in-1x1m154m.png Figure 5. Simulation results using fuzzy logic controller in healthy and faulty modes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-five-phase-voltage-source-inverter-2tp0s5fb.png Figure 1. Five-phase voltage source inverter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-switching-vectors-in-reference-frames-1-1-a-b-and-2-13m3nen1.png Figure 2. Switching vectors in reference frames 1 1(α β ) and 2 2(α β ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tolerant-arm-phase-rupture-configuration-1vstncz5.png Figure 3. Tolerant arm-phase rupture configuration https://scispace.com/papers/fixation-of-competing-strategies-when-interacting-agents-27d9geu3xm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolutionary-outcomes-for-the-coordination-games-a-o-0-1cy4mira.png FIG. 3. Evolutionary outcomes for the coordination games. (a) ω = 0.25, and (b) ω = 0.05. The payoff parameter values of stag-hunt game: a = 5, b = 1, c = 3, d = 2. Here, the results show that diversity of time scales on updating has significant effects on the fixation probabilities. Different with the results shown in Fig. 2, more opposite strategies in the other group inhibit a strategy to get fixation in its own group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolutionary-outcomes-for-the-games-where-a-and-b-will-nh835k4u.png FIG. 2. Evolutionary outcomes for the games where A and B will stably coexist. (a) ω = 0.25, and (b) ω = 0.05. The payoff parameter values of snowdrift game: a = 3, b = 2, c = 5, d = 1. Here, the horizontal axis means the fixatation probability of strategy A in the fast group, while the vertical axis represents the initial number of A players in the fast group. Results show that the heterogeneity of time scales on updating has significant effects on the fixation of probabilities of strategies in their groups. Specifically, more opposite strategies in the other group promote a strategy to get fixation in its own group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fixation-probabilities-for-the-game-whose-dominance-1p0x4ry4.png FIG. 1. Fixation probabilities for the game whose dominance strategy is B with different selection intensity: (a) ω = 0.25, and (b) ω = 0.05. The payoff parameter values of the prisoner’s dilemma game: a = 3, b = 1, c = 5, d = 2. Here, the horizontal axis means the fixatation probability of strategy A in the fast group, while the vertical axis represents the initial number of A players in the fast group. The following settings are the same in Figs. 2 and 3. Simulation results (symbols) coincide perfectly with the approximation results (solid lines). The approximation results are from Eq. (10). Each simulation result corresponds to the average frequency of fixation of A players from 100 independent realizations. Here, the results show that the heterogeneity of time scales on updating has only limited effects on the fixation probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-results-of-the-coordination-games-here-the-36ip9c23.png FIG. 6. Simulation results of the coordination games. Here, the horizontal axis means the fixation probability of strategy A in the fast group, while the vertical axis represents the initial number of A players in the fast group. ω = 0.25 and ω = 0.05, respectively. The initial numbers of A players in the slow groups are 1 (green lines), 20 (red lines), and 39 (blue lines) for comparison. The simulation results here show notable consistence with the theoretical results in Fig. 3, suggesting the validity of our theoretical analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-results-of-games-whose-dominating-strategy-kugoc0vy.png FIG. 4. Simulation results of games whose dominating strategy is B. Here, the horizontal axis means the fixation probability of strategy A in the fast group, while the vertical axis represents the initial number of A players in the fast group. ω = 0.25 and ω = 0.05, respectively. The initial numbers of A players in the slow groups are 1 (green lines), 20 (red lines), and 39 (blue lines) for comparison. Moreover, though a group of values s = 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100 are used here, the nondistinctive differences between them make it unnecessary to distinguish them with different colors. The simulation results here show notable consistence with the theoretical results in Fig. 1, suggesting the validity of our theoretical analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-results-of-games-where-a-and-b-will-stably-3ozex6hg.png FIG. 5. Simulation results of games where A and B will stably coexist. Here, the horizontal axis means the fixation probability of strategy A in the fast group, while the vertical axis represents the initial number of A players in the fast group. ω = 0.25 and ω = 0.05, respectively. The initial numbers of A players in the slow groups are 1 (green lines), 20 (red lines), and 39 (blue lines) for comparison. Still, we do not distinguish s = 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100 with different colors. The simulation results here show much consistence with the theoretical results in Fig. 2, suggesting the validity of our theoretical analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/flame-spread-measurements-on-wood-products-using-the-astm-e-1pj0mlsuwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rift-apparatus-for-ignition-and-flame-spread-35087248.png Figure 4: RIFT apparatus for ignition and flame spread testing – adapted from Azhakesan et al. [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-comparison-of-minimum-ignition-flux-a-lift-1y1e7up0.png Figure 17: Comparison of minimum ignition flux (a) LIFT correlation and LIFT ignition test results; (b) RIFT flame spread correlation and ISO 5657 ignition test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-comparison-between-flame-spread-parameter-for-lift-10g0sz34.png Figure 18: Comparison between flame spread parameter for LIFT and RIFT (Rimu not shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-flame-spread-correlations-for-melteca-faced-boards-2ue710uy.png Figure 12: Flame spread correlations for Melteca-faced boards. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-beech-flame-spread-a-measurements-b-correlation-2199orog.png Figure 13: Beech flame spread (a) measurements; (b) correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-main-components-of-lift-apparatus-3jebq9t0.png Figure 2: Main components of LIFT apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-flame-spread-parameter-for-a-plywood-b-mdf-c-27ejgdf6.png Figure 21: Flame spread parameter for (a) plywood; (b) MDF; (c) particle board. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-macrocarpa-flame-spread-a-measurements-b-1v8g25u3.png Figure 14: Macrocarpa flame spread (a) measurements; (b) correlation. https://scispace.com/papers/flexible-mtpms-through-disembedding-tn73ljwfno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-utpm-architecture-the-firmware-trust-engine-fte-10cx0nzu.png Figure 1: µTPM architecture. The Firmware Trust Engine (FTE) controls the processes running on the microcontroller (µC): it stores the firmware identifier C for each process (identified by a process identifier pID) in a Firmware Configuration Register (FCR), authenticates externalized code (using the key kAuth) and controls access to the non-volatile memory. The unique Hardware Endorsement Key (HEK) is certified by the µTPM manufacturer and signs the content of the FCR during remote attestation. The IO and XIO interface are used to transfer data and code respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-memory-layout-of-a-process-the-volatile-memory-is-2qc3epz5.png Figure 3: Memory layout of a process. The volatile memory is divided into a dynamic part that is overwritten when the microcode of a different TPM command is loaded, and a static segment that is cleared when the process is deselected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-life-cycle-of-a-utpm-process-after-its-creation-the-1myvo9d8.png Figure 2: Life cycle of a µTPM process. After its creation, the process goes into a measuring state to calculate the firmware identity C and authenticate the individual firmware commands. Afterwards, the process only executes authenticated microcode. Depending on the code measurement scheme, the process can go back in measuring mode to authenticate additional commands; however this is optional. The selection and deselection commands allow over context switches. https://scispace.com/papers/flexible-drift-compensation-system-for-precise-3d-force-mxdtbbkmvy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-different-representations-of-the-force-14zr5bft.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Different representations of the force field above CaCO3(1014): (a) presents a cropped 3D view of the data acquired. Planes along different axes are extracted and presented in (b), (c), (e), and (f). Furthermore, it is possible to extract f (z) curves from different surface sites as depicted in (d). The trajectory of the circular tip movement is depicted in (e). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-drift-characteristics-during-the-3d-data-2j6faf51.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Drift characteristics during the 3D data acquisition on a calcite CaCO3(1014) surface. After the feed-forward (FF) is activated with the drift velocities determined by the tracking, the residual drift is 25 pm/min at maximum as indicated by the orange line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-connections-of-the-drift-compensation-drc-uq8rfsdk.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Connections of the drift-compensation (DrC) system with the scan controller (SC), the atomic force microscope (AFM), the lockin amplifier (LIA), and the computer (PC). The five piezo signals X±, Y±, Z are high-voltage signals whereas all other connections are low-voltage inputs and outputs. FN is the cantilever deflection signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-noise-measurement-on-the-high-voltage-x-3af9i5x3.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Noise measurement on the high-voltage X+ output signal of the original scan controller (dUSC, left scale) and of the combined scan controller and drift compensation system (dUSC+DrC, left scale). The ratio d U SC+DrC/d U SC is referenced to the right scale. In addition, the table lists the piezo dislocation noise for different piezo bandwidths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-summation-circuitry-used-for-each-single-output-2hq2a0ri.png FIG. 2. Summation circuitry used for each single output channel. The DAC and the low-voltage OPA are decoupled from ground, thus allowing for the summation of the low-voltage drift compensation signals to the high-voltage SC signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-basic-tracking-and-feed-forward-20g9dhff.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Basic tracking and feed-forward functionality: In (a), large thermal drift is present while imaging the surface. Huge deformations of the imaged surface unit cell are apparent. In (b), the imaging is paused and by using the atom-tracking and feed-forward techniques, drift is measured and compensated (“Track/FF”). The drift parameters were optimized in a second tracking step (“Track/FF Optim.”). With compensated drift, distortion-free imaging as presented in (c) is possible for a short time span after tracking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-drift-characteristics-and-positioning-wel0uxom.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Drift characteristics and positioning precision of our drift-compensation system. Here, a surface species on the CaCO3(1014) surface is used as the reference, the drift is measured over about 75 min. Nonlinear drift behavior is directly evident and for the Z channel, the drift is even non-monotonic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-protocol-for-the-3d-data-acquisition-2tmf16he.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Protocol for the 3D data acquisition under large drift conditions using a point of origin defined by the tracking system. (a) sketches the tip trajectory while (b) presents the timing diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/flexible-information-coding-in-frontoparietal-cortex-across-5bbaj5znxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rois-1fjumxes.png Table 1. ROIs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-for-sr-difficult-sr-easy-the-whole-brain-univariate-2scj3jg8.png Figure 7. For SR (difficult SR > easy), the whole-brain univariate analysis revealed 8 regions of gray matter activation in frontal, parietal and occipital cortex. Frontal activation included the bilateral anterior middle frontal gyri (left: -37, 59, -11; right: 48, 50, -20), the left posterior middle frontal gyrus (-36, 23, 31), the medial frontal gyrus (6, 35, 43), and the right claustrum (30, 23, -5). Parietal and occipital activation included the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (left: -37, 64, 46; right: 48, -55, 43), and the cuneus (-6, -70, 31). Figure 7 shows the brain from an anterior viewpoint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-parameter-estimates-of-a-and-b-after-187tmvkm.png Figure 4. Mean parameter estimates of α and β after regression of classification accuracy differences (SR minus control and search minus control) on absolute response time differences. A, At the intercept (i.e. in the absence of RT differences) the mean value of α for SR (red) and selection (green) was significantly greater than chance (50%). B, Mean value of β for SR and search with only the latter being significantly greater than 0. * p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-visual-search-task-was-conducted-using-a-block-39rnvegw.png Figure 1. The visual search task was conducted using a block design with four main conditions: control, intermediate, SR, and selection. A, A mini-block consisted of task instructions and four search trials. Displayed are instructions for the intermediate condition (‘do the two pop-out colored targets have the same orientation?’). B, The shortened instructions for the SR (‘are there a red, horizontal pop-out colored and a green vertical pop-out colored bar OR are there a red, vertical pop-out colored and a blue, horizontal pop-out colored bar?’), selection (‘are there a red pop-out colored and a green or blue background-colored bar of the same orientation?’), and control (‘is the central bar tilted rightward?’). The targets in the example search display on the right are encircled (red) for each condition. The correct answer in each condition for the example search display is presented rightmost. Colored instruction borders and red target circles were added to the figure for clarity, but not present in the experiment. C, The experimental time course is depicted as an alternating block design with each run https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-increased-functional-connectivity-between-rois-1qoyy9ik.png Figure 5. Increased functional connectivity between ROIs during target selection (green lines) and SR (red lines). For target selection, an increased connectivity was observed bilaterally between FC and the right precuneus. For SR, increased connectivity was observed bilaterally between ACC and FC, as well as ACC and right MFG. ACC = red, MFG= green, FC = purple, precuneus = yellow. ROIs and connections colored red are preferentially involved in SR mapping; ROIs and connections colored green are preferentially involved in selection. Whole-brain univariate analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-task-decoding-in-selected-frontal-and-parietal-rois-1r0yaz0q.png Figure 3. Task decoding in selected frontal and parietal ROIs. Red bars represent task decoding for the difficult SR vs control (easy SR) conditions; green bars represent task decoding for the difficult selection vs control (easy selection) conditions. ROIs with comparably stronger decoding of SR-related information are shown on the left, ROIs with significantly stronger decoding of target-selection-related information are shown in the middle, and ROIs that show comparable decoding strength for SR and selection are displayed on the right. The grey line denotes the 95th percentile of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-rts-bars-differed-significantly-between-all-13y5h09s.png Figure 2. Mean RTs (bars) differed significantly between all conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-for-target-selection-difficult-target-selection-2okxnsbl.png Figure 6. For target selection (difficult target selection > easy), the whole-brain univariate analysis revealed 4 regions of gray matter activation, centered bilaterally on the precuneus (left: -21, -55, 52; right: 18, -55, 52) and the middle occipital gyri (left: -33, -88, 4; right: 30, -91, 10). Figure 5 shows the brain from a posterior viewpoint. https://scispace.com/papers/flexibility-versus-stability-a-difficult-tradeoff-in-the-ux5lz52kva 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-product-market-legislation-index-rqc1u7gx.png Figure 1. Product market legislation index https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-long-term-growth-rates-in-eurozone-in-29sutdie.png Table 5. Estimates of long-term growth rates in eurozone in 1995 and 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-absolute-trend-growth-and-mean-absolute-1b23o7fv.png Table 1. Mean (absolute) trend growth and mean (absolute) business cycle change in GDP (in percent) during 1999-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-how-to-move-the-eurozone-towards-the-ocas-area-when-1nraebes.png Figure 6. How to move the eurozone towards the OCAS-area when business cycle movements dominate? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-employment-protection-legislation-index-37jaw3ir.png Figure 2. Employment protection legislation index https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-standard-deviation-cyclical-component-2i4y104f.png Figure 9. Standard deviation cyclical component https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cyclical-and-trend-components-in-gdp-growth-1999-24n29bww.png Figure 7. Cyclical and trend components in GDP growth (1999-2014) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tradeoff-between-budgetary-union-and-flexibility-m1e8weqg.png Figure 4. Tradeoff between budgetary union and flexibility https://scispace.com/papers/flexural-response-of-continuous-concrete-beams-prestressed-1n2ep1cxfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-responses-of-two-typical-linearly-transformed-tendon-1up6lf0r.png Fig. 14 Responses of two typical linearly transformed tendon beams https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-relationship-between-secondary-reaction-at-center-10yosp86.png Fig. 18 Relationship between secondary reaction at center support and tendon stress https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-actual-elastic-moments-and-degree-of-3vjrvhbc.png Table 2 Results of actual, elastic moments and degree of moment redistribution at 9 ultimate limit state 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-linearly-transformed-tendon-beams-for-examination-of-36bvh7ok.png Fig. 13 Linearly transformed tendon beams for examination of secondary moments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stress-strain-curves-for-materials-a-concrete-b-1hv6mqi1.png Fig. 1 Stress-strain curves for materials: (a) concrete; (b) prestressing steel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-details-of-two-span-continuous-beams-used-for-2gasyv8w.png Fig. 4 Details of two-span continuous beams used for numerical evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-stress-increase-in-external-tendons-for-continuous-98arpocy.png Fig. 9 Stress increase in external tendons for continuous beams loaded at one span https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-relationship-between-secondary-reaction-at-end-1vgjrf0x.png Fig. 17 Relationship between secondary reaction at end support and tendon stress https://scispace.com/papers/flexural-behaviour-of-concrete-slabs-reinforced-with-gfrp-3c5xbazqli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experimental-failure-modes-of-reinforced-concrete-3d4wsld5.png Table 4. Experimental failure modes of reinforced concrete slabs 243 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-mechanical-properties-of-crs-including-3dfh4n5x.png Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties of CRS including standard deviation (SD). 160 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-details-of-the-composite-reinforcing-systems-crs-a-307uii3n.png Figure 1: Details of the composite reinforcing systems (CRS) (a) shape, and (b) dimensions 159 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-test-set-up-and-instrumentation-a-schematic-diagram-330aealf.png Figure 3: Test set-up and instrumentation (a) schematic diagram and (b) actual test set up 237 238 3. Test Results and Observation 239 3.1. Crack propagation and failure behaviour 240 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-basic-assumptions-in-fma-522-in-figure-10-d-is-the-100fed9f.png Figure 10: Basic assumptions in FMA 522 In Figure 10, D is the effective depth, c is the depth of any layer from the extreme 523 compression fibre, dn is the depth of neutral axis while ɛc con, ɛc GFRP, ɛt GFRP, ɛc CRS, and ɛt CRS are 524 the top concrete strain, top and bottom GFRP strain, and top and bottom CRS strain, 525 respectively. On the other hand, fc conc, fc GFRP, fc CRS and fc CRS (bars) are the compressive stress of 526 concrete, GFRP bars, CRS and CRS bars, respectively. While ft CRS, ft CRS (bars) and ft GFRP are 527 tensile stress of CRS, CRS bars and GFRP bars, respectively. Different assumptions have been 528 considered in the FMA including or excluding tensile contribution of concrete and CRS flanges. 529 The GFRP bars and CRS were analysed as linear elastic material in both tension and 530 compression while the steel was simplified with a bilinear behaviour [56], i.e. linear elastic 531 before yielding and a constant stress after yield. The constitutive models for concrete, CRS, 532 GFRP bar and steel bar are shown in Figure 11. 533 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-load-deflection-relationship-of-concrete-slabs-iboxnwjd.png Figure 6: The load-deflection relationship of concrete slabs 300 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-properties-of-gfrp-bars-34-169-2doapjzu.png Table 2. Mechanical properties of GFRP bars [34]. 169 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-strain-distribution-in-slab-s2-422-4-2-the-3tsp08mu.png Figure 9: Strain distribution in slab S2 422 4.2. The effectiveness of CRS as reinforcement 423 The effect of CRS was investigated by studying the behaviour of slabs S2 and S3. The 424 incorporation of three pieces of CRS in slab S3 provided 45% higher capacity than slab S2, 425 indicating that the CRS was acting as internal flexural and shear reinforcement for slab S3. This 426 finding can be supported by the load-strain behaviour of the bottom GFRP bars (Figure 8b) 427 where the addition of CRS reduced the strain in the bottom bars for slab S3. CRS also increased 428 the bending stiffness of hollow concrete slab by 33% (from 5.21 kN/mm to 6.91 kN/mm) while 429 it reduced the loss of stiffness by 24% (53% loss for S2 and 29% loss for S3) after first crack. 430 Due to the linear load-deformation behaviour of the GFRP-reinforced slabs, deformability 431 factor is used as an overall performance indicator suggested by CSA S6 code [46] instead of 432 ductility factor related to steel-reinforced slab counterparts. Deformability factor is the ratio 433 between the maximum moment times the corresponding curvature or deflection divided by the 434 moment value times the corresponding curvature or deflection when concrete records 1000 435 microstrains, where this ratio is limited to 4 as a least value. Accordingly, providing CRS in 436 slab S3 significantly increased the deformability factor from 4.09 to 8.86 representing 117% 437 increase compare to slab S2. Moreover, the CRS changed the failure modes from flexure-shear 438 in S2 to almost pure flexure observed in S3. The CRS also minimised the propagation of vertical 439 https://scispace.com/papers/flexure-design-rules-for-carbon-fiber-microrobotic-1elk46zbsm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-latest-mfi-fourbar-design-3engu40u.png Fig. 8. Latest MFI Fourbar design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-cut-pattern-of-differential-on-carbon-fiber-11t631ua.png Fig. 10. Cut pattern of differential on Carbon fiber https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-various-mechanisms-constructed-using-carbon-fiber-yva3imze.png Fig. 1. Various mechanisms constructed using carbon fiber microfabrication techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-photo-of-the-latest-mfi-differential-33cctk37.png Fig. 11. Photo of the latest MFI differential https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-3d-sketch-of-the-latest-mfi-differential-2vdckcwh.png Fig. 12. 3D sketch of the latest MFI differential https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fea-analysis-of-two-simple-flexural-mechanisms-kpio7zmm.png Fig. 4. FEA analysis of two simple flexural mechanisms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kinematic-diagram-of-a-simple-fourbar-mechanism-6gr64zws.png Fig. 3. Kinematic diagram of a simple fourbar mechanism showing the typical external forces acting on it. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinematic-diagram-of-the-mfi-differential-2h8udkvc.png Fig. 2. Kinematic diagram of the MFI differential https://scispace.com/papers/flight-dynamics-investigation-of-compound-helicopter-1ok3i26vpr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-trim-results-of-the-hch-model-3get3vlf.png Fig. 8. Trim Results of the HCH Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-rotor-design-of-the-cch-and-bl-models-2icqlqkh.png Table 1. Main Rotor Design of the CCH and BL Models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-roll-subsidence-pitch-subsidence-and-dutch-roll-modes-2qr0znrd.png Fig. 10. Roll Subsidence, Pitch Subsidence and Dutch Roll Modes Modes of the CCH and BL Models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-phugoid-and-spiral-modes-of-the-cch-and-hch-models-1xem43yi.png Fig. 15. Phugoid and Spiral Modes of the CCH and HCH Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-propeller-design-of-the-cch-model-3vyek1y7.png Table 2. Propeller Design of the CCH Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-optimisation-of-the-cch-model-qc7unkp6.png Fig. 5. Optimisation of the CCH Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-trim-results-of-the-hch-and-cch-models-3ujgrcq5.png Fig. 9. Trim Results of the HCH and CCH Models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-heave-subsidence-roll-subsidence-pitch-subsidence-and-1dn81k28.png Fig. 14. Heave Subsidence, Roll Subsidence, Pitch Subsidence and Dutch Roll Modes of the CCH and HCH Models https://scispace.com/papers/flood-risk-pattern-recognition-analysis-in-klang-river-basin-4mssw3gw2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-coefficient-between-variable-factors-2s1sa277.png Table 3: Correlation coefficient between variable factors from 1987-2017 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-coefficient-between-variables-and-factor-1qb7yfmj.png Fig. 2: Correlation coefficient between variables and factor loading https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-location-of-monitoring-station-at-klang-river-basin-1y2gnss3.png Table 1: Location of monitoring station at Klang river basin https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-monitoring-station-at-klang-river-basin-3bbdzyvd.png Fig. 1: Location of monitoring station at Klang river basin https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-result-for-correlation-analysis-29zuwe5j.png Table 2: Result for Correlation analysis https://scispace.com/papers/flood-tolerance-in-common-buckthorn-rhamnus-cathartica-5d3zr7bwr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-flooding-treatments-16keaio9.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of flooding treatments used in this study in relation to the wetland to upland habitat gradient colonized by Rhamnus cathartica in its invaded range. Treatments used in this study include Control (C), Saturated (S), Fluctuating (FX), and Flooded (FD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-in-growth-a-young-sapling-b-old-sapling-and-2kfes3qb.png Figure 3. Change in growth ((a) young sapling, (b) old sapling) and architecture ((c) young sapling, (d) old sapling) over time in Rhamnus cathartica in relation to different soil moisture treatments. Plots are means and error bars are 95% confidence intervals. Treatments are depicted by different symbols: Control (□; C), Saturated (×; S), Fluctuating (∆; FX) and Flooded (Ο; FD). Seed was collected from three sites in the Chicago, Illinois, region in 2004 and 2005. https://scispace.com/papers/flow-boiling-heat-transfer-and-pressure-drop-characteristics-mq9qitvof8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-depicts-the-frictional-pressure-drop-variation-of-1z0u4p5t.png Figure 8 depicts the frictional pressure drop variation of the three working fluids as a 9 function of the outlet vapour quality with different mass fluxes and saturation 10 temperatures. From Figure 8, it can be found that the frictional pressure drop increases 11 with the increase of vapour quality and mass flux. The acceleration of the flow caused 12 by the higher vapour quality and mass flux, results in a steeper velocity profile at the 13 channel wall, which contributes to the higher pressure drop. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-heat-transfer-coefficients-for-a-2l4wwe6h.png Figure 7 Comparison of heat transfer coefficients for (a) R134a, Tsat = 80 °C, Pr = 4 0.64 and R1234yf, Tsat = 70 °C, Pr =0.60 (b) R134a, Tsat = 70 °C, Pr = 0.52 and 5 R1234ze, Tsat = 80 °C, Pr =0.55 6 7 4.3 Pressure drop 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-frictional-pressure-drops-of-three-working-fluids-3j26a120.png Figure 8 depicts the frictional pressure drop variation of the three working fluids as a 9 function of the outlet vapour quality with different mass fluxes and saturation 10 temperatures. From Figure 8, it can be found that the frictional pressure drop increases 11 with the increase of vapour quality and mass flux. The acceleration of the flow caused 12 by the higher vapour quality and mass flux, results in a steeper velocity profile at the 13 channel wall, which contributes to the higher pressure drop. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experimental-data-in-this-study-based-on-the-thonon-t9h6n58i.png Figure 5 Experimental data in this study based on the Thonon et al. [24] criterion 8 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-predicted-flow-boiling-heat-transfer-coefficients-1r65dkfq.png Figure 10 Predicted flow boiling heat transfer coefficients against experimental heat 3 transfer coefficients using different correlations 4 5 A new heat transfer correlation is developed based on the data obtained in this paper 6 using linear interpolation of the nucleate boiling and dryout contributions. It is defined 7 as 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-depicts-the-comparisons-of-experimental-values-and-360imp6l.png Figure 10 Predicted flow boiling heat transfer coefficients against experimental heat 3 transfer coefficients using different correlations 4 5 A new heat transfer correlation is developed based on the data obtained in this paper 6 using linear interpolation of the nucleate boiling and dryout contributions. It is defined 7 as 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-working-conditions-for-r245fa-and-r1233zd-3-1ffxv7io.png Table 6 Working conditions for R245fa and R1233zd 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-test-facility-9-the-experimental-35p7hs0s.png Figure 1 Schematic of the test facility 9 The experimental system designed for this work is shown schematically in Figure 1, 10 which mainly consists of three fluid loops, one primary working fluid cycle and two 11 auxiliary loops used to evaporate and condense the primary working fluid, 12 respectively. In the main cycle, a variable speed volumetric pump is used to circulate 13 https://scispace.com/papers/flow-based-feasibility-test-of-linear-interference-alignment-2zwixmjzce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-arc-capacities-in-the-flow-networks-3-and-4-20qa1ky1.png TABLE III. THE ARC CAPACITIES IN THE FLOW NETWORKS 𝒩3 AND 𝒩4 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-outline-of-the-algorithm-decomposition-1mx58aap.png TABLE V. OUTLINE OF THE ALGORITHM Decomposition(𝑘). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-arc-capacities-in-the-flow-networks-1-and-2-u5mehr9r.png TABLE I. THE ARC CAPACITIES IN THE FLOW NETWORKS 𝒩1 AND 𝒩2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-relations-among-strong-properness-feasibility-hnc8fsku.png Fig. 1. The relations among strong properness, feasibility, properness, and weak properness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-arc-capacities-in-the-flow-networks-1-and-2-2ji9rnyh.png TABLE II. THE ARC CAPACITIES IN THE FLOW NETWORKS 𝒩 ′1 AND𝒩 ′2 . https://scispace.com/papers/flow-shop-rescheduling-under-different-types-of-disruption-2f7amalfk5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-makespan-upper-bound-calculation-2se0auvw.png Figure 3: Example of makespan upper bound calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-makespan-lower-bound-calculation-348lvm8l.png Figure 2: Example of makespan lower bound calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rpd-average-relative-percentage-deviation-over-the-vpiadwnn.png Table 2: RPD Average relative percentage deviation over the best solution, α = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rpd-average-relative-percentage-deviation-over-the-25u1qqiz.png Table 3: RPD Average relative percentage deviation over the best solution, α = 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-variance-for-rpd-duf1wmrn.png Table 4: Analysis of variance for RPD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interactions-and-99-tukey-con-dence-intervals-for-3qb5wwyq.png Figure 4: Interactions and 99% Tukey con dence intervals for all rescheduling methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simpli-ed-example-of-a-machine-breakdown-a-ecting-u5o1qm9l.png Figure 1: A simpli ed example of a machine breakdown a ecting a owshop with 5 jobs and 5 machines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-interactions-and-99-tukey-con-dence-intervals-for-170walfr.png Figure 5: Interactions and 99% Tukey con dence intervals for IG, LSLO and LS methods https://scispace.com/papers/fluctuations-of-energy-flux-in-wave-turbulence-3dj9wk24ca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2-power-spectra-of-the-surface-wave-height-for-two-ow5h239t.png Fig. 2.2. Power spectra of the surface wave height for two different injected powers 〈I〉 = 1.6 and 32.4mW (from bottom to top). Dashed-dotted lines have slopes −4.3 and −3.2. Random forcing within a 1–6Hz frequency bandwidth. Inset: Same with 〈I〉 = 32.4mW and a 1–4Hz bandwidth. Dashed lines have slopes −6.1 and −2.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-6-pdf-of-the-injected-power-from-the-numerical-28z8xnce.png Fig. 2.6. PDF of the injected power from the numerical resolution of Eq. (2.10) with a nonlinear damping coefficient γ(V ) = γo https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3-time-recordings-of-the-velocity-of-the-wave-maker-p29l3y2a.png Fig. 2.3. Time recordings of the velocity of the wave maker and the force applied to the wave maker by the vibration exciter (〈FA〉 ≈ 〈V 〉 ≈ 0). The fluid is mercury, with h = 23mm. Both PDFs are Gaussian (dashed lines) with zero mean value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-8-plot-of-1-t-log-p-it-i-p-it-i-for-16-t-tc-39-t-tc-17-2wjbwu52.png Fig. 2.8. Plot of 1 τ log P (Iτ /〈I〉) P (−Iτ /〈I〉) for 16 < τ/τc < 39 [τ/τc = 17 (∗), 19.5 (◦), 22 ( ), 25 (♦), 28 (pentagram), 30.5 ( ), 33.5 (hexagram), 39 ( )]. Langevin model of Farago (2002): 4γ for Iτ/〈I〉 ≤ 1/3 (dashed line) and 7γIτ/(4〈I〉) + 3γ/2 − γ〈I〉/(4Iτ ) for Iτ/〈I〉 ≥ 1/3 (solid line) with γ = 5Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-5-pdf-of-i-t-i-for-mercury-sv-5-cm-s-container-size-57-2qvxte6r.png Fig. 2.5. PDF of I(t)/〈I〉 for mercury: σV = 5 cm/s, container size 57 × 50 cm2 [red (light grey)] and 20×20 cm2 (black) (h = 18mm). Red (light grey) solid line: experiment with 〈I〉 = 51mW and σFA = 1.6 N. Black solid line: experiment with 〈I〉 = 2mW and σFA = 0.73 N. Dashed lines are the related predictions from Eq. (2.12) without fitting parameter, r = 0.7 [red (light grey)] and r = 0.6 (black). Vertical solid line show the mean injected power. Inset: time recording of I(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-4-spectra-of-the-surface-wave-height-divided-by-the-38pxirvx.png Fig. 2.4. Spectra of the surface wave height divided by the variance σ2V of the velocity of the wave maker for different forcing amplitudes, σV = 2.1, 2.6, 3.5 and 4.1 cm/s. Random forcing with a 1–4Hz frequency bandwidth. The dashed line has slope −5.5 whereas the full line has slope −17/6. The mean injected power is displayed as a function of σ2V in the inset. The best fit gives a slope 11.5W/(m/s)2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-schematic-view-of-the-experimental-setup-showing-a-3wis9a6p.png Fig. 2.1. Schematic view of the experimental setup showing a typical time recording of the surface wave height, η(t), at a given location during 50 s. 〈η〉 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-7-pdfs-of-the-injected-power-it-averaged-on-a-time-ypm0lrk3.png Fig. 2.7. PDFs of the injected power Iτ averaged on a time interval τ : τ = 1, 3, 11 and 50τc, where τc = 0.03 s is the correlation time of I(t). Solid lines indicate the value of 〈I〉 (water, h = 23mm). https://scispace.com/papers/fluticasone-propionate-does-not-influence-bone-metabolism-in-3q1vb3f3ls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1hl2d8us.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-design-of-the-study-fp-750-xg-fluticasone-f2aqp4iv.png Figure 1. Design of the study. FP = 750 (xg fluticasone propionate rienced no asthma symptoms. The remaining 21 patients all https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2kzwrsau.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/fluorescence-properties-of-submonolayers-of-rhodamine-6g-in-13nyqb944o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-emission-spectra-are-shown-for-r6g-monolayers-26wx3syp.png Fig. 3 emission spectra are shown for R6G monolayers separated by one (d- 2 nm), respectively five (de 6 nm), polymer spacer layers. A broadening of the spectrum close to the mirror is observed. This broadening appears to be asymmetric due to redshift (70 cm-‘) that accompanies this change of line breadth. An estimate of the spectral redshift can be made by using the classical expression for the interaction between an oscillating dipole with its fictitious mirror image.’ For kd< 1 this yields the following equation: https://scispace.com/papers/fluorine-in-r-coronae-borealis-stars-3r3ti947ch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-observed-f-i-k6834-26-line-profiles-solid-lines-of-2k06lmgk.png Fig. 4.—Observed F i k6834.26 line profiles (solid lines) of several RCB stars. Synthetic spectra are shown for three fluorine abundances, as shown on the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-analyzed-rcbs-their-stellar-parameters-and-30tt4ms3.png TABLE 1 The Analyzed RCBs, Their Stellar Parameters, and Fluorine Abundances from Individual F i Lines; Sakurai’s Object, a Final He-Shell Flash Product, Is Also Listed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-observed-f-i-k6834-26-line-profile-solid-line-of-1ko54nkn.png Fig. 5.—Observed F i k6834.26 line profile (solid line) of Sakurai’s object. Synthetic spectra are shown for three fluorine abundances, as shown on the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-f-abundance-formajority-rcbs-open-circles-minority-1sx6adjj.png Fig. 6.—F abundance formajority RCBs (open circles), minority RCBs (open squares), and EHes ( filled circles) as a function of the Fe abundance. The solid line shows the possible initial F abundances assuming the solar F and Fe abundances (large cross) and ½F/Fe ¼ 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-f-abundance-formajority-rcbs-open-circles-minority-2i6ip67o.png Fig. 7.—F abundance formajority RCBs (open circles), minority RCBs (open squares), and EHes ( filled circles) as a function of the O abundance. Solar F and O abundances are represented by the large cross. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectral-region-from-6900y69288-is-shown-for-seven-84mp3rei.png Fig. 1.—Spectral region from 6900Y69288 is shown for seven RCBswith the hottest star at the top and the coolest star at the bottom. The F i line at 6902.478 labeled below each spectrum is obviously present in V3795 Sgr and UW Cen (the hottest two stars), and absent from XX Cam but a likely contributor to the spectra of the other stars. Aweaker F i line at 6909.818 is also labeled but is either lost in the wing of a stronger line and/or masked by a telluric O2 line. Some other atomic lines are identified that apply to all spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectral-region-from-6830y68608-is-shown-for-seven-3u18ygv4.png Fig. 2.—Spectral region from 6830Y68608 is shown for seven RCBs with the hottest star at the top and the coolest star at the bottom. The F i line at 6834.268 labeled below each spectrum is obviously present in V3795 Sgr and UW Cen (the hottest two stars), and absent from XX Cam but a likely contributor to the spectra of the other stars. A stronger F i line at 6856.038 is also labeled. This line is clearly present for V3795 Sgr and UWCen. In cooler stars, the F i contribution is blended severely with a Si i and a Fe i line. Some other atomic lines are identified that apply to all spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observed-f-i-k6902-47-line-profiles-solid-lines-of-1zewgjez.png Fig. 3.—Observed F i k6902.47 line profiles (solid lines) of several RCB stars. Synthetic spectra are shown for three fluorine abundances, as shown on the figure. https://scispace.com/papers/flux-emergence-in-a-magnetized-convection-zone-387lmryx6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-convective-motions-and-mean-flows-in-our-model-the-db2yhdb8.png Figure 1. Convective motions and mean flows in our model. The left panel shows the radial velocity profile near the top of the shell, with yellow and dark blue tones representing, respectively, upflows and downflows. The middle panel shows the differential rotation profile, and the right panel shows the meridional circulation. The last two panels show longitude- and time-(272 days) averaged data. For the meridional flow, dashed (solid) lines represent counterclockwise (clockwise) circulation, and the intensity varies approximately between about −20 and 20 m s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mollweide-projection-of-the-radial-component-of-the-14i2df4v.png Figure 3. Mollweide projection of the radial component of the background dynamo magnetic field near r = 0.96R at t = 0. Dark tones denote negative polarity. The color table scales from −170 to +170 G. Note the presence of mixed field polarity in the downflow lanes. The dotted black line indicates the position of the spherical surface placed at r = 1R . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-the-ratio-of-magnetic-energy-me-to-1xwicnfs.png Figure 2. Evolution of the ratio of magnetic energy (ME) to kinetic energy (KE) for the background dynamo field. The instant t = 0 corresponds to the introduction time of the magnetic flux rope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sequence-of-snapshots-polar-slices-at-ph-90-at-the-2usldpg6.png Figure 8. Sequence of snapshots (polar slices at φ = 90◦) at the same moments in temporal evolution as in Figure 7 (t ≈ 1, 10, and 20 days) and in the same sub-domain. The color scale represents the amplitude of Bφ , thus tracing the flux-rope’s position. The white lines are streamlines of the poloidal mass flux ρv (i.e., contours of its stream function); the continuous lines represent CW flows; and the dashed lines represent CCW flows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-height-radius-and-rising-velocity-of-the-center-of-3546sa4l.png Figure 9. Height (radius) and rising velocity of the center of the magnetic flux rope. The axis of the flux rope is defined here as the position of the maximum of Bφ in the meridional plane. Each curve corresponds to one of the runs listed in Table 2 (cf. the inset key for reference). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-snapshots-of-the-high-latitude-and-low-latitude-2geljvj8.png Figure 22. Snapshots of the high-latitude and low-latitude cases at the instants t = 12 days and t = 25 days (respectively). These instants correspond roughly to the stage in the evolution of the emergence episode represented in the second column in Figure 21 for the cases at standard latitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-evolution-of-the-total-magnetic-energy-in-the-3clytu7u.png Figure 12. Evolution of the total magnetic energy in the whole numerical domain for different cases presented here (standard case, medium B-field cases, and standard case in a hydrodynamical convection zone). The first panel (top, left) shows the total magnetic energy as a function of time, while the other panels show the source/sink terms in the equation for ∂t ∫ B/8πdV , namely the rates of ohmic diffusion, the rate of work done by the Lorentz force, and the Poynting flux. The abscissas represent time in days with t = 0 at the moment when the flux rope was introduced. The long-term evolution of the total magnetic energy in the background dynamo model is also shown (long dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-evolution-of-the-zonal-azimuthal-flow-generated-jmudqopt.png Figure 18. Evolution of the zonal (azimuthal) flow generated inside the flux rope as a function of time (top panel) and cylindrical radius (bottom panel) for different runs. The velocity is measured at the axis of the flux rope, which is defined here as the position of the maximum of Bφ on the meridional plane. The dotted gray line indicates the slope of a path corresponding to a zonal flow verifying exact angular momentum conservation (inside the flux ropes). https://scispace.com/papers/flying-blind-with-reactive-control-of-aerial-drones-1cxcg5c6ii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-logistic-function-ej45o1aj.png Figure 3: Example logistic function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-software-components-in-mainstream-drone-platforms-z9sge042.png Figure 1: Software components in mainstream drone platforms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-custom-aerial-drones-for-performance-evaluation-31wze1m6.png Figure 4: Custom aerial drones for performance evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-attitude-control-with-raw-pitch-and-yaw-12nhkt2t.png Figure 2: Attitude control with raw, pitch, and yaw. https://scispace.com/papers/follow-up-of-the-9c-survey-initial-results-3qtzgscbjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-of-sources-of-different-classes-for-the-9c-1yhrbfsq.png Table 1 Numbers of sources of different classes for the 9C subsample presented here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-binned-histograms-of-spectral-index-between-1-4-and-4-2mdohhwv.png Fig. 1. Binned histograms of spectral index between 1.4 and 4.8 GHz for the compact (left) and the extended (right) radio sources (right) (bin size 0.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-radio-spectra-for-two-gps-sources-peaking-near-22-ghz-3av1cmgk.png Fig. 3. Radio spectra for two GPS sources peaking near 22 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3600-s-palomar-60-i-band-image-of-a-z-0-9-system-tbgw83xa.png Fig. 2. 3600-s Palomar 60′′ I-band image of a z = 0.9 system containing a 9C CSS galaxy. Both the radiogalaxy, A, and its near companion, B, have disturbed morphologies and show bright AGN emission lines. There is a clear excess of faint galaxies centred on the radiosource; we speculate that this is a dynamically unrelaxed, possibly merging, cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentages-of-sources-in-different-classes-for-this-2jwyv6uo.png Table 2 Percentages of sources in different classes for this work and the PW sample. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-approximate-percentages-of-different-source-classes-3ugdgorw.png Table 3 Approximate percentages of different source classes for a typical ∼ 5 GHz sample and this work. https://scispace.com/papers/fmri-language-mapping-in-children-a-panel-of-language-tasks-2id806d5nz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-task-comparisons-conjunctions-and-union-p-0-001-unc-16255j0b.png Fig. 2. Task comparisons, conjunctions, and union (p<0.001 unc.). Functional maps are superimposed onto an individual brain normalized with respect to our customized pediatric template, with x-coordinates in MNI space. Left panels display left hemisphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-roi-analyses-for-each-paradigm-bar-plots-depict-the-8be9c0v9.png Fig. 3. ROI analyses for each paradigm. Bar plots depict the effect size of activation (mean ± standard deviation) in each left and right ROI for each paradigm. Significant activation or deactivation (p<0.05) are indicated by a double star. In addition, significant interparadigm differences (p<0.05) are indicated by brackets with stars. Oper = opercularis; Tri = triangularis; Rol = rolandic; Inf = inferior; Mid = middle; Sup = superior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fmri-results-for-each-language-task-peak-location-3o5t0oay.png Table 1 fMRI results for each language task: peak location, cluster extent–Z-score (p<0.05 FWE-corrected; k=5). For visual language tasks, additional results among language areas are reported at p<0.001 (unc.) in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-laterality-indexes-lis-and-significant-lateralizations-3s3rvl4h.png Fig. 4. Laterality indexes (LIs) and significant lateralizations within the ROIs for each paradigm. The box plots depict lateralization for each ROI, with positive LIs reflecting left and negative LIs reflecting right. Significant lateralizations (p<0.05) are indicated by bold lines. In addition, significant interparadigm differences of LIs are indicated by a bracket with star. Oper = opercularis; Tri = triangularis; Rol = rolandic; Inf = inferior; Mid = middle; Sup = superior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-task-comparisons-and-conjunctions-c-peak-locations-yw55ydwm.png Table 2 Task comparisons (>) and conjunctions (C). Peak locations, cluster extent–Z-score (p<0.001 unc.; k=10) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fmri-group-effects-for-each-language-task-results-are-1zotanbp.png Fig. 1. fMRI group effects for each language task. Results are displayed at p<0.05 FWE-corr. for category and definition tasks, and at p<0.001 (unc.) for phon-diff and phon-seg tasks. The functional maps are superimposed onto an individual brain normalized with respect to our customized pediatric template, with x-coordinates in MNI space. Left panels display left hemisphere. https://scispace.com/papers/focus-on-the-future-episodic-future-thinking-reduces-4ynr9pky9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-way-analysis-of-covariance-controlling-for-the-36issdro.png Fig. 2. Two-way analysis of covariance controlling for the effects of hunger and taste rating of snacks. Estimated Marginal Means are plotted for caloric intake. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. EPT ¼ Episodic Past Thinking. EFT ¼ Episodic Future Thinking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-means-of-log-transformed-k-value-are-plotted-for-delay-2aas757v.png Fig. 1. Means of log-transformed k-value are plotted for delay discounting. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. EPT ¼ Episodic Past Thinking. EFT ¼ Episodic Future Thinking. https://scispace.com/papers/following-writing-around-encountering-ethical-2rl52a95xg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-photo-of-boundary-street-as-presented-in-the-25uizlmf.png Figure 8. A photo of Boundary Street as presented in the PEARL Package Number 1 © Teaching For Change, photo by Janine Roberts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-view-of-the-lakes-at-the-st-lucia-campus-3rr0yz5q.png Figure 4. The view of the lakes at the St Lucia campus, University of Queensland. Source: Author's own. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-snapshot-from-the-university-of-queensland-12dcrsow.png Figure 2. A snapshot from the University of Queensland website's “About Us” page, describing itself as a leading research and teaching institution and a world knowledge leader. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-jacarandas-and-eudlos-the-kabi-kabi-word-for-silky-2q85zbhb.png Figure 1. Jacarandas and Eudlos (the Kabi Kabi word for Silky Oak) blossoming on campus in October. Jacarandas are a loved introduced species; eudlos are native plants. Source: Author’s own. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-7-and-8-carvings-on-the-forgan-smith-building-at-the-2a86gebk.png Figures 7 and 8. Carvings on the Forgan Smith building at the University of Queensland, positioning Indigenous people as part of a flora and fauna landscape. Figure 7 is listed in “Carving a history” (Office of Marketing and Communications, 2017) as friezes of a “choko”, “Indigenous head, male”, and a “waratah”. Figure 8 is described as a “custard apple”, “Indigenous head, adolescent”, “pawpaw”. I cannot help but get stuck on the clinical classification of humans. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-slide-from-the-powerpoint-presentation-given-in-lhpshi4o.png Figure 3. A slide from the PowerPoint presentation given in the introductory lecture EDUC2090 © Mackinlay https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-photo-of-the-library-in-the-forgan-smith-building-1sdhsgf9.png Figure 5. A photo of the library in the Forgan Smith Building, The University of Queensland. Source: Author’s own. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-entryway-to-the-forgan-smith-building-the-1dvgurg4.png Figure 6. An entryway to the Forgan Smith Building, The University of Queensland. Source: Author’s own. https://scispace.com/papers/food-contact-surfaces-coated-with-nitrogen-doped-titanium-1wy5fokxj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-light-spectra-of-a-fluorescent-b-incandescent-and-c-uv-2kcpd3pq.png Fig. 2. Light spectra of (A) fluorescent, (B) incandescent and (C) UV lamps. https://scispace.com/papers/fool-me-twice-how-effective-is-debriefing-in-false-memory-15s5hjslop 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-false-memories-and-beliefs-for-a-novel-fabricated-1mg9jm1y.png Figure 2: False memories and beliefs for a novel fabricated story concerning Facebook amongst continuing participants (solid colour) and newly-recruited participants (dotted pattern). Continuing participants (n = 630) and newly recruited participants (n = 476) saw this fake story during the follow-up survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reported-memories-and-beliefs-for-true-events-329lekv4.png Figure 3: Reported memories and beliefs for true events amongst continuing participants (solid colour) and newly-recruited participants (dotted pattern). Continuing participants were shown one of two true stories in the first study (concerning athletes (in black) or actors (in purple). In the follow-up study, they either saw the same story again (e.g. the same athletes story on both occasions) or the other story (the athletes story when they previously saw the actors story). Newly recruited participants saw one of the two stories at follow-up for the first time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-false-memories-and-beliefs-for-the-fabricated-3jewyqi9.png Figure 1: False memories and beliefs for the fabricated poster story amongst continuing participants (solid colour) and newly-recruited participants (dotted pattern). A) Continuing participants (n = 630) in the original study in May saw a fabricated news story concerning illegal campaign posters that was either congruent (blue) or incongruent (red) with their beliefs. B) These same continuing participants (n = 630) completed the follow-up study six months later, in November, where they saw either the same version of the poster story, or the other version. C) Newly recruited participants (n = 476) saw one story in November only. Note that this figure distinguishes between reported memories and mere beliefs that the event had occurred; the regression analysis excludes mere beliefs. https://scispace.com/papers/food-profitability-affects-intranidal-recruitment-behaviour-5gn4ibw5x1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variability-of-thorax-vibrations-of-nannotrigona-2w2mgung.png Figure 3. Variability of thorax vibrations of Nannotrigona testaceicornis. Sections of typical vibrational signals produced by four different individuals during the first hour of the same control experiment with 30% w/w sugar water offered. Panels on right: each signal’s frequency power spectrum (FFT, 1024 pts) with its main frequency component (0 dB) and harmonics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changes-of-median-values-of-various-vibration-322z4xbz.png Figure 4. Changes of median values of various vibration parameters of individual foragers during control tests (CTR 1st–2nd hour, CTR 2nd–3rd hour) and after changing the sugar water concentration (increasing concentrations INC 20–30 and INC 30–40, decreasing concentrations DEC 40–30 and DEC 30–20). Values significantly differing from 0% (dashed line) are marked with asterisks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-food-intake-at-three-different-sugar-water-3eptwwdr.png Figure 1. Food intake at three different sugar water concentrations offered subsequently in random order. (a) The imbibed volume did not differ significantly between the concentrations. (b) The imbibing time was significantly longer when 40% w/w sugar water was offered than when bees drank 20% w/w. Both (c) the sugar intake rate (mg/s) and (d) the total amount of sugar per crop load (mg) significantly increased with sugar concentration. Data represent mean ± SD. Different letters mark significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-recruitment-to-food-sources-of-either-constant-1vh0zmzd.png Figure 5. Recruitment to food sources of either constant (control series) or varying profitability (increasing and decreasing concentrations). 100% represents the total number of recruits per trial (3 h). Data are mean (± SD) percentages per hour; different letters mark significant differences (P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pooled-data-of-eight-foragers-measured-during-the-1ys6d31c.png Table I. Pooled data of eight foragers measured during the first hour of control tests (30% w/w sugar water). From each forager we calculated the mean value and give here the mean ± SD of these (N = 8) for each parameter of intranidal recruitment behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-median-changes-of-jostling-contacts-a-and-running-2ygw8pao.png Figure 2. Median changes of jostling contacts (a) and running speed (b) of individual foragers. Control tests: Differences between first and second hour (CTR 1st–2nd) and between second and third hour (CTR 2nd–3rd) are shown. Experiments: changes of median values after each change of sugar concentration (from 20% to 30% [INC 20–30], from 30% to 40% [INC 30–40], from 40% to 30% [DEC 40–30], from 30% to 20% [DEC 30–20]). Changes significantly differing from 0% (dashed line) are indicated by asterisks. https://scispace.com/papers/fore-arc-deformation-at-the-transition-between-collision-and-54p3bka97h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-adopted-for-the-model-scaled-to-1y9kjazp.png Table 1. Parameter Values Adopted for the Model, Scaled to Nature and Scaling Factorsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-successive-views-of-experiment-1-for-each-stage-we-2tkl7sai.png Figure 4. Successive views of Experiment 1. For each stage we present the side view and the surface view with velocity vectors derived from cross correlation of successive images and scaled-up convergenceparallel strain rate Eyy/Dt. (a) Oceanic subduction. (b and c) Initial collision. Accretionary wedge is backthrusted and a fault is created in the arc area dipping toward the continent. (d and e) Subduction of the fore-arc block. The fault zone in the arc becomes inactive and a new one is created in front of it that dips toward the ocean. (f) Deformation of the passive margin, including shortening in the convergence-parallel direction with vertical thickening near the right-hand side and horizontal extrusion near the transition between collision and subduction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geodynamic-maps-of-a-taiwan-b-papua-new-guinea-and-gt5dzt3d.png Figure 1. Geodynamic maps of (a) Taiwan, (b) Papua New Guinea, and (c) Timor where arc-continent collisions propagate along the plate boundary. GPS vectors for Taiwan, Ryukyu, and Philippines [Yu et al., 1997; Nakamura, 2004; Yu et al., 2012], GPS vectors for Timor [Nugroho et al., 2009], and GPS vectors for Papua New Guinea [Wallace et al., 2004]. Holocene volcanoes [Siebert and Simkin, 2002]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-postdeformation-cross-section-of-the-frozen-model-2iea24fa.png Figure 5. Postdeformation cross section of the frozen model lithosphere in the middle of the collision zone. The accretionary wedge (pink) is thrusted over the fore-arc block, which is subducted under the arc. The continental passive margin is shortened and thickened. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketches-of-the-evolution-of-the-width-of-the-2m3ktkm6.png Figure 2. Sketches of the evolution of the width of the transition zone between collision and subduction with the obliquity angles of the passive and active margins, f and q, respectively. (a) Small and (b) large obliquity angle of the passive margin. Along-strike gradient of compression increases with decreasing width of the transition zone and thus increases with obliquity angle f of the passive margin. (c) Small and (d) large obliquity angle of the active margin. The width of the transition zone decreases with increasing obliquity angle q of the passive margin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-model-surface-views-in-experiment-2-with-velocity-iil1cw2c.png Figure 6. Model surface views in Experiment 2 with velocity vectors derived from cross correlation of successive images and scaled-up convergence-parallel strain rate Eyy/Dt. (a) Oceanic subduction, (b) arccontinent collision with subduction of the fore-arc block, (c) close-up of the subduction-collision transition zone showing the motion of the fore-arc block perpendicular to the strike of the trench, and (d) profile of velocity magnitude and orientation along the subducting fore arc (see Figure 6c for location), showing no rotation about a nearby vertical axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-dimensional-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-14o54jz3.png Figure 3. Three-dimensional sketch of the experimental setup. (a) Two lithospheric plates made of hydrocarbon materials rest on an asthenosphere modeled by water. Plate convergence is imposed at a constant rate. Model strain is monitored using a particle imaging velocimetry system imaging the model surface. A second camera is employed to follow the model evolution from the side. (b) A temperature gradient is imposed in the model lithosphere, producing a strength reduction with depth in each layer. In the presented experiments the model lithosphere is placed near the front wall. The gap between the model and the walls of the tank is 5 mm in the front and 10 cm in the back. https://scispace.com/papers/foraging-segregation-of-two-congeneric-diving-seabird-4yyny8it5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-frequency-distribution-and-b-d-depth-1nrsqtf4.png Figure 2. (a, c) Frequency distribution and (b, d) depth distribution pattern of dives in relation to time of day. Left panels represent data for common murres (COMU) and right panels represent data for thick-billed murres (TBMU). Means± standard deviation (SD) are shown in (b) and (d), calculated by individual bird data. The timing of sunrise and sunset is shown by marks on the top horizontal axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-carbon-d13c-and-nitrogen-d15n-stable-isotopic-ratio-aiwn1mcr.png Figure 5. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopic ratio values of common murres (COMU: open circles) and thick-billed murres (TBMU: closed circles) measured in red blood cells. Smaller circles show individual data, and larger circles with error bars show means± standard deviation (SD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-carbon-d13c-and-nitrogen-d15n-stable-isotopic-ratio-3lpcj838.png Figure 6. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopic ratio values of potential food samples caught around the vicinity of the study colony. Different symbols represent each potential food item. ∗∗ The enrichment factors −0.19 ‰ for δ13C and 2.25 ‰ for δ15N were preliminarily applied to the bird data (open circles for common murres and closed circles for thick-billed murres). Note that the potential food samples were collected in 2009, as no data were available in 2014. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-diet-compositions-of-common-comu-open-boxes-and-17it0xsj.png Figure 7. Diet compositions of common (COMU: open boxes) and thick-billed murres (TBMU: closed boxes) as estimated by Bayesian Mixing Analysis of stable isotope values of birds (red blood cells) and those of their potential prey items (whole body tissues). Means± 95 % credible intervals of the fractional contribution (p) of seven different prey items are shown. Note that the potential food samples were collected in 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diet-composition-of-a-common-murres-comu-and-b-2onmcusr.png Figure 4. Diet composition of (a) common murres (COMU) and (b) thick-billed murres (TBMU) based on direct observations of prey delivered to nests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-vertical-temperature-profiles-where-foraging-2xpz9eu6.png Figure 3. (a, b) Vertical temperature profiles where foraging dive occurred with (c, d, g, h) frequency distribution of dives and (e, f, i, j) number of wing strokes per diving bottom phase, in relation to dive depth. Upper panels represent data for common murres (COMU) and lower panels represent data for thick-billed murres (TBMU). Panels (c), (d), (e), and (f) represent data for the daytime, and panels (g) to (j) represent data for the nighttime. Means± standard deviation (SD) are shown, except for (a) and (b), which are calculated from individual bird data. Sample number of birds (N) and dives (n) are shown in (c) to (h). https://scispace.com/papers/forecasting-generalized-quantiles-of-electricity-demand-a-2d6sourl6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electricity-load-curves-of-tso-amprion-left-and-bu-3p6sihbk.png Figure 1: Electricity load curves of TSO - Amprion (left) and BU - Stadtwerke Saarbrücken (right) from 20100101 to 20123112. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-scores-corresponding-to-the-rst-four-principal-29toqfx3.png Figure 4: The scores corresponding to the rst four principal components ant τ = 50% of the TSO Amprion (left) and the BU Saarbrücken (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-daily-temperature-and-hours-of-sunshine-for-1xkmuurw.png Figure 2: Average daily temperature and hours of sunshine for the area of the TSO Amprion (left) and Saarbrücken (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-first-four-principal-components-corresponding-to-t-3ly7v0hy.png Figure 3: First four principal components corresponding to τ = 50% of the TSO Amprion (dashed) and the BU (solid) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mean-of-rmse-and-mape-for-the-tso-and-the-bu-of-38hscr3k.png Table 7: Mean of RMSE and MAPE for the TSO and the BU of functional data approach (FDA) with τ = 0.5, deterministic seasonal component (DSC), triple seasonal Holt-Winter exponential smoothing (TSHW) and forecast provided by the transmision system operator (TSO). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-explained-variance-of-the-rst-four-principal-38moqv6y.png Table 4: Explained variance of the rst four principal components for the TSO Amprion https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-explained-variance-of-the-rst-four-principal-1c1lw7j4.png Table 3: Explained variance of the rst four principal components for the BU Saarbrücken https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-boxplot-of-the-mean-absolute-percentage-forecasting-2jpuzehg.png Figure 5: Boxplot of the mean absolute percentage forecasting error for the TSO (left) and the BU (right) of the functional data approach (FDA), the deterministic seasonal component (DSC), the triple seasonal Holt-Winter exponential smoothing model (TSHW) and the forecast provided by the transmission system operator (TSO). https://scispace.com/papers/forecasting-the-varibility-of-stock-index-returns-with-29wb76m8gy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-daily-i-returns-and-ii-squared-returns-truncated-at-1xyv5sny.png Figure 1: Daily (i) returns and (ii) squared returns (truncated at 100) on the Standard & Poor's 100 index and (iii) the VIX index between 02/01/86 and 31/12/99 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-out-of-sample-forecasting-results-evaluated-against-2j60bjoi.png Table 4: Out-of-sample forecasting results evaluated against intradaily squared returns for the (i) SV model, (ii) SVX+ model and the (iii) VX model based on the 1988{1999 sample and for the evaluation period 6 January 1997 to 31 December 1999 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-daily-squared-and-intradaily-squared-returns-27pz214j.png Figure 3: Daily squared and intradaily squared returns together with the one day ahead volatility forecasts of the (i) SV, (ii) SVX+ and (iii) VX model for the Standard & Poor's 100 index over the period 03/01/95 to 31/12/99 based on a 9 year rolling window sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-parameter-estimates-of-the-sv-model-and-forecasting-2vmvquvv.png Figure 2: Parameter estimates of the SV model and forecasting sample variance based on the previous 9 years of data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-daily-returns-and-squared-ixbd4c7x.png Table 1: Summary statistics of daily returns and squared returns on the S&P 100 Index and the VIX index from 02/01/86 to 31/12/99 and from 04/01/88 to 31/12/99 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-out-of-sample-forecasting-results-evaluated-against-1yxn29kb.png Table 3: Out-of-sample forecasting results evaluated against daily squared returns for the (i) SV model, (ii) SVX+ model and the (iii) VX model based on the 1986{1999 sample and for the evaluation period 3 January 1995 to 31 December 1999 https://scispace.com/papers/forecasting-volatility-in-european-stock-markets-with-non-4jneffpp1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-nw-test-after-removing-extreme-observations-8aa4qvfa.png Table 5. NW test after removing extreme observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6a-mincer-zarnowitz-regression-3n7hvo46.png Table 6a. Mincer-Zarnowitz regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-8a-forecast-combination-with-constant-weights-and-3k7m2141.png Table 8a. Forecast combination with constant weights and Mincer-Zarnowitz regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-weights-of-the-forecast-combination-constant-189f7fun.png Table 7. Weights of the forecast combination (constant coefficients) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10b-forecast-combination-with-variable-weights-and-1zd3947a.png Table 10b. Forecast combination with variable weights and Mincer-Zarnowitz regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-on-daily-and-weekly-returns-11q62y7w.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics on daily and weekly returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-6c-mincer-zarnowitz-regression-1m1l5cbg.png Table 6a. Mincer-Zarnowitz regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-10a-forecast-combination-with-variable-weights-and-vobq10mn.png Table 10b. Forecast combination with variable weights and Mincer-Zarnowitz regression https://scispace.com/papers/forensic-hash-for-multimedia-information-4xrz7kgfge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tampering-localization-performance-2kckc1mu.png Figure 6: Tampering localization performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-image-operations-and-their-parameters-5dckw49q.png Table 1 Image operations and their parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tampered-image-figure-8-tampering-localization-2t8ml3b1.png Figure 7: Tampered image Figure 8: Tampering localization result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-space-extrema-across-scales-horizontal-direction-1g5qe7me.png Figure 1: Space extrema across scales: horizontal direction represents the signal and the vertical direction represents the scale, with fine scale at the top https://scispace.com/papers/foreign-direct-investment-and-exports-the-experiences-of-5az8h5w0j9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fdi-export-nexus-in-vietnam-a-gravity-model-approach-1lg5yg6e.png Table 3: FDI-Export Nexus in Vietnam: A Gravity Model Approach (I) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fdi-in-vietnam-1990-2004-33d22qtf.png Figure 1. FDI in Vietnam: 1990-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-top-ten-fdi-source-countries-for-vietnam-actual-1qk1vhmb.png Table 1. The Top Ten FDI Source Countries for Vietnam (actual FDI in million dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fdi-export-nexus-in-vietnam-a-gravity-model-approach-7459id5l.png Table 4: FDI-Export Nexus in Vietnam: A Gravity Model Approach (II) https://scispace.com/papers/forest-resources-of-montana-i9zvfragiy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-shows-the-geographic-distribution-of-timber-volume-21v43idt.png Figure 17 shows the geographic distribution of timber volume. Although 71 percent of the sawtimber volume in the State is located west of the Continental Divide only 45 percent of the total volume of pole timber is in that part of the State. The low saw-timber volume in eastern Montana (29 percent) is accounted for by the fact that much of the timber there is lodgepole pine, a large part of which never grows big enough to be classed as saw timber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-lodgepole-pine-and-spruce-stands-2ftzpjiv.png Figure 20.—Lodgepole pine and spruce stands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-42-1ky4vbtl.png Figure 42. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-40-2bwes39t.png Figure 40. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41-1h06r7xt.png Figure 41. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1u3x7an0.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-1toe52e6.png Figure 29. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-bgxromiw.png Figure 31. https://scispace.com/papers/foresighted-urban-planning-5br7xbsizb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-master-plans-of-vilnius-and-vilnius-region-sources-3i8t1mye.png Fig. 6. Master plans of Vilnius and Vilnius region (sources: Master plan of Vilnius 2005 (left); Master plan of Vilnius region (right 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-chaotic-urban-formations-near-klaipeda-on-the-left-and-3db3l59q.png Fig. 7. Chaotic urban formations near Klaipeda (on the left) and near Vilnius (on the right) are developed according to the “spot“master plans (source: Google 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-photo-of-an-urban-aesthetic-view-left-an-example-of-11q6p0qc.png Fig. 8. Photo of an urban aesthetic view (left). An example of the “spot” detailed plan in the outskirts of Vilnius city without satisfactory infrastructure (right) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-urban-growth-in-klaipeda-on-the-left-and-in-vilnius-on-1cdrqt4e.png Fig. 9. Urban growth in Klaipeda (on the left) and in Vilnius (on the right) metropolitans and accommodation prices in Klaipeda and Vilnius (source: SE Register center 2010; source: Ober house) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trends-of-the-population-build-up-areas-and-traffic-1ofi9wz6.png Fig. 3. Trends of the population, build-up areas and traffic infrastructure growth in the EU (Left https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-migration-of-citizens-from-the-cities-to-the-suburbs-22okdio1.png Fig. 2. Migration of citizens from the cities to the suburbs in 2001- 2009 (source: Lithuanian Statistical office 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-recommendations-of-lithuanian-urban-forum-we-can-2z1zakoi.png Fig. 11. The recommendations of Lithuanian Urban Forum (We can go forward) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-population-density-per-hectare-in-vilnius-city-source-110t5f3g.png Fig. 10. Population density per hectare in Vilnius city (source: Master plan of Vilnius city 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/forgiveness-and-the-need-to-belong-m6kbhs2cln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mediation-of-the-association-between-ntbs-and-sfs-2u8izrs8.png Table 3. Mediation of the Association Between NTBS and SFS (Model With Offense Severity) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unstandardized-path-coefficients-for-the-mediation-2s9wf3op.png Figure 1. Unstandardized path coefficients for the mediation of the NTBS–SFS relationship by anger, fear, sadness, intentionality, repeat offense likelihood, and offense severity (with covariates included) Note: NTBS = Need to Belong Scale; SFS = State Forgiveness Scale. †p = .056. *p ≤ .02. **p ≤ .007. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intercorrelations-among-and-descriptive-statistics-230hvbau.png Table 2. Intercorrelations Among and Descriptive Statistics for Study 3 Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mediation-of-the-association-between-ntbs-and-sfs-1q731zql.png Table 4. Mediation of the Association Between NTBS and SFS (Model With Subjective–Objective Severity Discrepancy) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-unstandardized-path-coefficients-for-the-mediation-1h2k3r7w.png Figure 2. Unstandardized path coefficients for the mediation of the NTBS–SFS relationship by anger, fear, sadness, intentionality, repeat offense likelihood, and subjective severity inflation index (with covariates included) Note: NTBS = Need to Belong Scale; SFS = State Forgiveness Scale. *p ≤ .02. **p ≤ .005. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intercorrelations-among-and-descriptive-statistics-2d621p2o.png Table 1. Intercorrelations Among and Descriptive Statistics for Study 1 Variables https://scispace.com/papers/formalisation-of-the-level-of-detail-in-3d-city-modelling-45k88ddmtd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-analysed-lod-paradigms-per-group-all-3eokgqs0.png Table 1: Overview of the analysed LOD paradigms per group. All the series of LODs are driven by the fineness of the exterior geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-property-of-the-metrics-discrete-and-continuous-and-3mtzpy2q.png Table 2: Property of the metrics (discrete and continuous), and applicability of the definition of the values of metrics per dataset (or spatial extent), classes of city objects, and their elements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-umlmodel-of-the-implementation-of-the-concept-in-1b8z8fte.png Figure 9: UMLmodel of the implementation of the concept in CityGML through the Application Domain Extension. The CityGML classes are in yellow, while the extended part is in the pink area. This is a reduced example since not all classes can be fit in this diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-visual-representation-of-the-discrete-lods-0-4-a39hmw9v.png Figure 7: Visual representation of the discrete LODs 0–4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-the-function-of-the-metric-feature-20z2wu2y.png Figure 4: Example of the function of the metric feature complexity. This is one of the functions that define the series of LODs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-uml-diagram-of-our-lod-specification-2pyvwdaf.png Figure 3: The UML diagram of our LOD specification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-example-of-the-specification-of-a-discrete-3t5ro5l7.png Table 3: The example of the specification of a discrete LODderived as a discretisation froma series of functions of metrics, with three city object types and their elements. For simplicity, the number of objects and elements is limited. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-visual-representation-of-the-discrete-lods-5-9-36rrfd7v.png Figure 8: Visual representation of the discrete LODs 5–9. https://scispace.com/papers/formal-entrepreneurial-networks-as-communities-of-practice-a-2cew9ridjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-longitudinal-dynamics-of-network-interaction-and-2z82gl90.png Table 2. Longitudinal dynamics of network interaction and learning https://scispace.com/papers/formalization-and-reuse-of-collaboration-experiences-in-sye60zcs18 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-of-an-actual-collaboration-experience-activity-3dlkmjyv.png Fig. 7. Example of an actual collaboration experience (activity 2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-collaboration-model-frame-1lf8fvbv.png Fig. 3 Collaboration model frame https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-planned-collaboration-experience-tdfp541z.png Fig. 6. Example of planned collaboration experience https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-extract-from-taxonomy-of-concepts-nlisca7w.png Fig. 4 Extract from taxonomy of concepts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-collaboration-as-a-graph-durugbo-2011-331p0pt6.png Fig. 1 Collaboration as a graph (Durugbo, 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-instantiation-and-link-with-taxonomy-for-3o14eoh6.png Fig. 5 Example of instantiation and link with taxonomy for two elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-experience-feedback-process-10x4vaut.png Fig. 2. Overall experience feedback process https://scispace.com/papers/formation-dynamics-of-sand-bedforms-under-solitons-and-bound-2uhdutbk46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-shows-the-temporal-evolution-of-the-free-surface-2hcb4omy.png Fig. 3(a) shows the temporal evolution of the free surface elevation measured with the resistive probe for Test 6 when the solitons are established in the flume, that is after about 4 minutes of flow excitation. The standing harmonic wave is extracted from the measured signal using a method described in [16], and the values of A0, AS1 and ϕS1 can be easily deduced, as shown in Fig. 3(b) (ϕS1 = τS1ω). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-temporal-evolution-of-the-free-surface-and-of-the-5o2i5ihg.png Fig. 3(a) shows the temporal evolution of the free surface elevation measured with the resistive probe for Test 6 when the solitons are established in the flume, that is after about 4 minutes of flow excitation. The standing harmonic wave is extracted from the measured signal using a method described in [16], and the values of A0, AS1 and ϕS1 can be easily deduced, as shown in Fig. 3(b) (ϕS1 = τS1ω). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temporal-evolution-of-the-horizontal-u-and-vertical-v-gj5j9d69.png Fig. 7. Temporal evolution of the horizontal (u) and vertical (v) components of velocity (x = 7.02 m; z= 1.5 mm). (a) Test 6. (b) Test 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-variation-of-the-time-window-t-with-x-for-tests-6-and-2ufsmnot.png Fig. 14. Variation of the time window t with x for Tests 6 and 7 (experimental and numerical results). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-variation-of-the-ripple-height-with-x-for-t-3-3x-102-3ciffijn.png Fig. 6. (a) Variation of the ripple height with x (for τ = 3.3× 102, 4.2 × 103, 5.0 × 104; Test 3). (b) Variation of the ripple wavelength with x (for τ = 3.3 × 102,5.0 × 104; Test 3), and variation of the amplitude of the first harmonic of u with x (Test 6; z= 1.5 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sketch-showing-the-areas-where-symmetric-s-r-or-2llzur8z.png Fig. 11. Sketch showing the areas where symmetric (S.R.) or asymmetric (A.R.) ripples are observed in the flume. F.B.: flat bed; N.S.: no sand. The numbers correspond to the distances (in meters) measured when the ripples have reached the equilibrium state for Test 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-variation-of-the-ripple-height-with-x-for-test-3-t-5-110m2iyr.png Fig. 12. Variation of the ripple height with x for Test 3 (τ = 5.0 × 104) and Test 5 (τ = 2.0 × 104). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-temporal-evolution-of-the-horizontal-u-and-vertical-v-3m6670ml.png Fig. 10. Temporal evolution of the horizontal (u) and vertical (v) components of velocity (x = 5.22 m; z= 1.5 mm). (a) Test 6. (b) Test 7. https://scispace.com/papers/formation-of-cdse-nanoclusters-in-siox-thin-films-4x3pwocjxx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-size-distribution-of-self-organized-cdse-nanoparticles-37gr97ig.png Fig. 3. Size distribution of self-organized CdSe nanoparticles in as-deposited and annealed: (a) SiOx(20-nm)/CdSe(1-nm)/SiOx(20-nm) and (b) SiOx(40-nm)/CdSe(2-nm)/SiOx(20-nm) structures. An increase in the mean particle size and width of size distribution is seen in both “1-nm” and “2-nm” samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-sectional-view-of-the-2-nm-sample-upon-annealing-3hl40hei.png Fig. 2. Cross-sectional view of the “2-nm” sample upon annealing in air at 670 K for 80 min. The low magnification representation and the diffractogram point to CdSe nanoparticles of increased size and improved crystallinity with respect to the as-deposited sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cross-sectional-view-of-the-as-deposited-2-nm-sample-3refb7z1.png Fig. 1. Cross-sectional view of the as-deposited “2-nm” sample. CdSe nanoparticles of nearly spherical shape are disposed in a heterogeneous SiOx–CdSe layer sandwiched between two SiOx layers. The lower left inset displays the three-layer structure at low magnification. The upper right inset (diffractogram) reflects the crystallinity of the particles. https://scispace.com/papers/formulating-a-security-layer-of-cloud-data-storage-framework-1txgdrk7k1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-security-framework-1iejqie5.png Fig. 2. Security Framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uia-architecture-3gf8nm5d.png Fig. 4. UIA Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-secure-mas-architecture-2p6z2rvh.png Fig. 3. Secure MAS Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ddpa-architecture-3jseuoxx.png Fig. 5. DDPA Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dra-architecture-cq88q37u.png Fig. 6. DRA Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/fos-expression-in-the-medial-preoptic-area-and-nucleus-f8abs6rtor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-mean-sem-of-fos-immunoreactive-cells-in-the-32up0nj3.png Figure 2 – Number (Mean ± SEM) of Fos-immunoreactive cells in the A) mPOA, B) NAC, and C) BSTL of female quail that were induced to be maternal (groups M) or not (groups NM), and later exposed to chicks (groups E) or not (groups NE) soon before euthanasia. Different letters above groups of bars indicate a significant main effect of either sensitized maternal state or of exposure to chicks soon before euthanasia, p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-areas-shown-in-gray-1d9awbks.png Figure 1 – Schematic representation of the areas (shown in gray boxes on left side) within the female quail A) NAC and BSTL and B) mPOA that were analyzed for the number of Fosimmunoreactive cells. Figures modified from Kuenzel and Masson’s (1988) atlas of the chicken brain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photomicrographs-of-fos-ir-cells-in-the-mpoa-of-17zg8yox.png Figure 3 – Photomicrographs of Fos-ir cells in the mPOA of female quail that were induced to be maternal (groups M) or not (groups NM), and later exposed to chicks (groups E) or not (groups NE) soon before euthanasia. https://scispace.com/papers/fosfor-cozucu-bakteri-fosforlu-gubre-ve-tavuk-gubresi-2c1n1uqv5x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-c-d-e-effects-of-bacteria-phosphorus-fertilizer-18fs9dr5.png Figure 1- a,b,c,d,e- Effects of bacteria, phosphorus fertilizer, and chicken manure applications on number of pods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-combine-effects-of-bacteria-phosphorus-1cnnoflf.png Figure 2- Combine effects of bacteria, phosphorus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-b-c-d-e-f-effects-of-bacteria-phosphorus-3p4ys2rn.png Figure 5- a,b,c,d,e,f: effects of bacteria, phosphorus fertilizer, and chicken manure applications on seed yield in https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2009-2010-and-long-term-average-values-of-rain-fall-dk8ptziw.png Table 1- 2009, 2010 and long-term average values of rain fall, temperature and relative humidity values in Erzurum province https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-combine-effects-of-bacteria-phosphorus-1p2pfjdq.png Figure 4- Combine effects of bacteria, phosphorus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-c-d-effects-of-bacteria-phosphorus-fertilizer-1csgcrqd.png Figure 3- a,b,c,d, effects of bacteria, phosphorus fertilizer, and chicken manure applications on seed number per https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-bgtb-chicken-manure-and-phosphorus-353h5gpl.png Table 2- Effects of BGTB, chicken manure and phosphorus fertilizer applications on number of pods (NP), number of main branches (NMB), seed number per pod (SNP), 1000-grain weight (1000 GW) and seed yield (SY) in Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica) https://scispace.com/papers/foundation-of-cognitive-radio-systems-jl685yhu84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-used-resources-of-an-altera-cyclone-ii-fpga-model-1hfmym0l.png Table 4. Used resources of an Altera Cyclone II FPGA model EP2C20F484C7 to implement the CSS-SVM classifier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-general-structure-of-a-multimode-tmux-where-systems-3k9ofqf2.png Fig. 17. General structure of a multimode TMUX where systems Cp and Ĉp perform rational SRC. https://scispace.com/papers/foundations-of-refinement-operators-for-description-logics-4et3rp4dsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alc-syntax-and-semantics-orapzkeu.png Table 1. ALC syntax and semantics https://scispace.com/papers/fourth-order-structural-steganalysis-and-analysis-of-cover-a3trl216at 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-flipping-all-lsbs-on-each-trace-subset-2d7nfzb3.png Table 1. The effect of flipping all LSBs, on each trace subset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-from-left-to-right-scatterplots-of-e0-22-against-o0-3ulqporr.png Figure 3. From left to right: scatterplots of e0,−2,2 against o0,−2,2 in covers; the sizes of the same trace subsets after maximal embedding; scatterplots of e0,−1,1 against o0,−1,1; the sizes of the same trace subsets after maximal embedding. The symmetry e0,−2,2 ≈ o0,−2,2 does not discriminate cover images from stego images whereas the symmetry e0,−1,1 ≈ o0,−1,1 does. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interquartile-range-standard-deviation-of-estimators-2v67ob6r.png Table 2. Interquartile range (standard deviation) of estimators, ×102, when the true value of p is zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-densities-violinplot-of-e012-o012-across-3000-2le3hzza.png Figure 4. Left, densities (“violinplot”) of e0,1,2 − o0,1,2 across 3000 cover images, grouped by magnitude of e0,1,2 + o0,1,2 rounded to the nearest 100 (x-axis). Clearly the variation depends heavily on the magnitude. Right, (e0,1,2 − o0,1,2)/ √ e0,1,2 + o0,1,2, indicating that variance has been approximately stabilised in this case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-scatterplot-of-e012-x-axis-against-o012-y-axis-wve04r29.png Figure 1. Left, scatterplot of e0,1,2 (x-axis) against o0,1,2 (y-axis) for 3000 cover images, showing strong correlation. Right, scatterplot of e1,0,0 against o1,1,1, showing much weaker correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histograms-of-triples-and-quadruples-estimators-2n6dlnc2.png Figure 6. Histograms of Triples and Quadruples estimators, computed from 3000 never-compressed grayscale bitmaps. From left to right: the Triples estimator compared with the Quadruples mean and median estimators (with no embedded data); the same when data is embedded at rate 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-bias-of-detectors-observed-in-colour-never-2mr05trb.png Figure 7. Left, bias of detectors, observed in colour never-compressed covers. Right, interquartile range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-plot-of-correlation-coefficient-of-stabilised-2uqum4a6.png Figure 5. Left, plot of correlation coefficient of stabilised deviations from e0,1,2 ≈ o0,1,2 and ea,b,c ≈ oa,b,c for all a, b, c ∈ {−3, . . . , 3}. Right, plot of correlation coefficient of stabilised deviations from e1,0,0 ≈ e0,0,1 and ea,b,c ≈ eb,c,a for all a, b, c ∈ {−3, . . . , 3}. In both cases the outlier is the pair of identical symmetries. https://scispace.com/papers/four-decades-of-creative-destruction-renewing-canada-s-1o9knmj3ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-fading-and-renewal-rates-by-time-period-25im9me5.png Figure 1. Average fading and renewal rates by time period https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fading-and-renewal-rates-1961-1999-31rf2wlp.png Table 1. Fading and renewal rates, 1961-1999 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fading-and-renewal-rates-by-industry-1961-1999-2hqwht5g.png Figure 3. Fading and renewal rates by industry, 1961-1999 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fading-and-renewal-rates-by-province-1961-1999-2jd759nd.png Figure 2. Fading and renewal rates by province, 1961-1999 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fading-and-renewal-rates-by-selected-industries-1961-1vnu5ymu.png Table 2. Fading and renewal rates by selected industries, 1961-1999 https://scispace.com/papers/fpga-architecture-for-fast-parallel-computation-of-co-nulbhkmgs5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-texture-image-d9-from-the-brodatz-album-cropped-at-2xc7bqkb.png Figure 3. Texture image D9 from the Brodatz album cropped at various sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-fpga-architecture-3l2gtzt8.png Figure 1. Overview of the FPGA architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-processing-times-ms-achieved-for-various-input-image-1n1x1c7z.png Table 1. Processing times (μs) achieved for various input image dimensions using various FPGA devices, and software. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-co-occurrence-matrix-computation-unit-cmcu-2qkcee5y.png Figure 2. The Co-occurrence Matrix Computation Unit (CMCU). https://scispace.com/papers/fragility-curves-for-free-and-restrained-rocking-masonry-3mhfj22yt0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shows-linear-regressions-associated-to-the-1v9l4saj.png Figure 7 shows linear regressions associated to the coefficients with good (Figure 7b-d) and bad correlations (Figure 7a-c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-reduction-of-conditional-probability-from-1ic260w6.png Figure 16 Reduction of conditional probability from univariate FCs associated to yielding limit state (LSCH). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-selected-earthquake-records-with-the-corresponding-kq8z0k8v.png Table 6 Selected earthquake records with the corresponding IMs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-limit-states-defined-in-the-reliability-analysis-of-18aj8hsl.png Table 1 Limit states defined in the reliability analysis of rocking walls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-bivariate-with-univariate-fragility-29a1j3fh.png Figure 13 Comparison of bivariate with univariate fragility curves for different PGA values – LSCH free in one-sided motion , LS1 (a), LS2 (b), LS3 (c); – SMVCH free in one-sided motion, LS1 (d), LS2 (e), LS3 (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-santa-maria-in-via-church-smvch-pearsons-a-and-3sf0xdf7.png Figure 9. Santa Maria in Via church (SMVCH): Pearson’s (a) and Spearman (b) coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-comparison-of-univariate-fcs-with-unscaled-2cexqa5l.png Figure 18 Comparison of univariate FCs with unscaled acceleration time-histories with FC with amplified acceleration time history (a,b) with magnification factor 1.27; variation of probability of exceedance of limit states in case of restraints (c) and corresponding reduction of probability (d) (acceleration time-histories amplified by 1.27). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reports-the-geometric-and-mechanical-parameters-cgmmsskz.png Table 2 reports the geometric and mechanical parameters needed for rocking analysis. The three façades are not in principle rectangular, but they have been associated to a rectangular shape by calculating the radius vector, which connects the pivot points to the actual center of mass, from the inertia moments. It is important to notice that the inertia moments are obtained by considering the actual geometry of each façade. Once the radius vector is known, it is straightforward to calculate the equivalent height of the rectangular rocking block. LSCH and SMVCH have similar slenderness but the latter has the highest inertia moment. SFILCH has the smallest size (radius vector) and inertia moment, but the highest slenderness. In one-sided (1S) motion without restraints, the spring bed stiffness is considered in compression, and calculated from Eq. (1) for each façade. As shown in Figure 3, SMVCH has four side walls, whereas SFILCH (similarly to LSCH, not displayed) has two side walls. Being the spring beds in parallel, the stiffness per unit of length of each sidewall is summed up to obtain the values reported in Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/fracture-and-damage-mechanics-modelling-of-thin-walled-302f2e9zw6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bulging-of-the-thin-sheet-due-to-shell-curvature-3ezshtbn.png Figure 3: Bulging of the thin sheet due to shell curvature and internal pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-factors-affecting-the-slope-of-elastic-plastic-r-2eyeytxz.png Figure 7: Factors affecting the slope of elastic-plastic R curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41-schematic-showing-load-redistribution-and-crack-2yvxuah8.png Figure 41: Schematic showing load redistribution and crack bridging in an FML (Figure after [163]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-the-v-correction-term-as-a-function-of-the-3ub691qm.png Figure 36: The V correction term as a function of the ligament yielding parameter Lr (schematic). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-comparison-of-the-crack-driving-force-in-terms-of-1lzowz0y.png Figure 21: Comparison of the crack driving force in terms of K, Keff and Kp (the latter being determined by SINTAP/FITNET, Option 3) as a function of ligament yielding Lr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-tensile-properties-as-a-function-of-specimen-36w5phk0.png Figure 22: Tensile properties as a function of specimen orientation for two aluminium alloys (after [110]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-influence-of-the-specimen-thickness-on-the-3n463f49.png Figure 11: Influence of the specimen thickness on the critical CTOA, ψc (after [55]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-basic-principle-of-a-residual-strength-diagram-3v8pc16e.png Figure: 15: Basic principle of a residual strength diagram. https://scispace.com/papers/fractional-rheology-of-muscle-precursor-cells-398mvj7n8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-principle-for-the-estimation-of-the-b-exponent-from-3uqz36b2.png FIG. 6. Principle for the estimation of the β exponent from wavelet based power spectra. Power spectra of the fractional Gaussian random signals shown in Fig. 5(a), computed with a Morse wavelet of exponent γ 1, and n 1 (a) and (b), and n 4 (c) and (d). The range of frequency was maximized so that the difference of the power spectrum with its linear fit (b) and (d) remains in the interval [ 0:01, 0:01]. The result of this parametrization is highlighted with red curves in (a) and (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-wavelet-based-power-spectra-of-3b6fb9jo.png FIG. 5. Comparison of the wavelet based power spectra of fractional Gaussian random signals with Hőlder exponent h 0:25, computed with Morse wave lets for different n values. [(a) and (b)] The signal Sd(t). [(c) and (d)] The power spectra log10 P CWT Sd (f ) vs log10 (f ) computed with a Morse wavelet of exponents γ 1 (left) and γ 2 (right) with different n values (n 1, 4, 9, 16, 25). The power spectra were shifted vertically for a better comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-3d-color-shaded-rectangles-illustrating-the-ranges-of-2he4r4aw.png FIG. 9. 3D color shaded rectangles illustrating the ranges of frequency [log10 (f )] and fluctuation energy (log10 [P CWT Sd ]) values where fractional behavior with exponent α has been identified. (a) Comparison of normal (red) with ATP depleted (blue), and fixed (green) C2C12 myoblasts. (b) Comparison of normal C2C12 myoblasts (light red), blebbistatin treated C2C12 myoblasts (yellow), human DMD myoblasts (grey), and C2C12 myotubes (violet). (c,d) Boxplot repre sentation of α β=2 (c), and of the inferior (blue), and superior (black) frequency [log10 (f )] limits (d), where α has been estimated, for each cell type. 25 30 cells were tested for each case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-characterizing-the-afm-cantilever-position-2tdcpjcz.png FIG. 8. Characterizing the AFM cantilever position fluctuations Sd and their scale invariance properties. [(a), (b), and (c)] Normal C2C12 myoblast cell. [(d), (e), and (f )] ATP depleted C2C12 myoblast cell. [(g), (h), and (i)] Blebbistatin treated C2C12 myoblast cell. [(a), (d), and (g)] P.d.fs of the real part of the wavelet transform Rψ (:, a) of the signal Sd (logarithmic representation) computed with a Morse analyzing wavelet of exponents γ 1, n 1 [Eq. (13)] for different wavelet scales ai f0=f with f 6:8 Hz (dark blue), f 10 Hz (blue), f 15:8 Hz (light blue), f 25:1 Hz (cyan), f 39:8 Hz (green), f 63:1 Hz (yellow), f 100 Hz (light red), f 158:5 Hz (red). [(b), (e), and (h)] P.d.fs of Rψ (:, a)=σ(a), where σ(a) is the standard deviation. [(c), (f ), and (i)] log10 [P CWT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-power-spectrum-of-a-fractional-gaussian-stochastic-2dbwvjpt.png FIG. 2. Power spectrum of a fractional Gaussian stochastic signal computed with a standard FFT transform. (a) The signal Sd(t) (a 1 s portion of this numerical signal of length 80 s) with Hölder exponent h 0:25. (b) FFT power spectrum. (c) Averaged FFT power spectrum of Sd on logarithmically distributed fre quency values. The total length and sampling time of this numerical signal are identical to the characteristics of the experimental AFM signals investigated in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-sketch-of-the-afm-principle-b-cantilever-tip-23oflvju.png FIG. 7. (a) Sketch of the AFM principle. (b) Cantilever tip fluctuations Sd recorded from a normal C2C12 myoblast with a loading force of 1 nN. [(c), (d), and (e)] Real part of the wavelet transform of Sd : Rψ (t, a) Re Tψ [Sd](t, a) for three different scale values ai f0=fi with f1 10Hz ( ), f2 102 Hz ( ), and f3 103 Hz (.). (f ) P.d.fs of Rψ (:, a)=σ(a) for the three scale values shown in (c), (d) and (e) after rescaling by the corresponding standard deviation σ(a). The solid line corresponds to the rescaled p.d.f. of Sd . The analyzing wavelet is a Morse wavelet of exponents γ 1, n 1 [Eq. (13)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wavelet-based-spectral-decomposition-of-a-synthetic-2xar527x.png FIG. 4. Wavelet based spectral decomposition of a synthetic fractional Gaussian random signal Sd with Hőlder exponent h 0:25, with a Morse wavelet of exponents γ 1, n 4. Same representation as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wavelet-based-spectral-decomposition-of-a-synthetic-2s71i8ru.png FIG. 3. Wavelet based spectral decomposition of a synthetic fractional Gaussian random signal Sd with Hőlder exponent h 0:25, with a Morse wavelet of exponents γ 1, n 1. (a) The signal Sd(t). Real part of the wavelet transform of Sd : Rψ (t, a) Re Tψ [Sd](t, a) for three different scale values a a1 f0=10 (b), a a2 f0=100 (c), and a a3 f0=1000 (d). (e) P.d.fs of Rψ (:, a)=σ(a) computed at scales a1 (star), a2 (cross), and a3 (triangle) after rescaling by the corresponding mean standard deviation σ(a). (f ) Color coded representation of the modulus of Tψ [Sd](t, a). Each line has been coded separately from 0 (dark blue) to 1 (red). https://scispace.com/papers/fracture-rates-and-lifetime-estimations-of-cad-cam-all-q697ii8l10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lifetime-estimations-for-the-weibull-distribution-2zw18j63.png Figure 3. Lifetime estimations for the Weibull distribution using the maximum likelihood estimation method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-comparing-the-ziyyjlxg.png Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing the restoration type for the same restorative system. The P value for e.max CAD refers to a comparison between the 3 restoration types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-kaplan-meier-survival-statistics-8atcnqgc.png Table 1. Results of Kaplan-Meier Survival Statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-comparing-the-zmkbzsjl.png Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing the restorative system for the same restoration type. P values represent a single comparison between the restorative systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weibull-shape-d-and-scale-parameters-th-and-lifetime-2jppck84.png Table 2. Weibull Shape (δ) and Scale Parameters (θ) and Lifetime Estimation (in y) at Failure Probabilities of 10%, 50%, and 90%. https://scispace.com/papers/fracture-detection-in-crystalline-rock-using-ultrasonic-22c5hrzpgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-111-1-6-3hgsx6or.png Figure 111 -1-6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-i-3-1-14n32feb.png Table I I -3 -1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-111-1-5-detailed-view-of-the-field-sh-source-and-k893v355.png Figure 111-1-5 Detailed view of the field SH source and receiver shown in Figure III-1-3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-1-1-also-four-different-fracture-thicknesses-0-1-0-yd8z4swr.png Table 11 —1 — 1. Also, four different fracture thicknesses (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm) are included as a variable in the analysis. All of the cal https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-l-l-av4g3fzm.png Table II-l-l https://scispace.com/papers/fragility-curves-for-wide-flange-steel-columns-and-4u8qwc7ccl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-damage-states-30eb9o9g.png Table 2. Summary of damage states https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-steel-column-experimental-database-symmetric-loading-1oao76hq.png Table 1. Steel column experimental database – symmetric loading history and constant compressive axial load https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-distribution-of-sdrc-values-for-each-damage-state-2yxw7y52.png Figure 4. (a) Distribution of SDRC values for each damage state; (b) illustration of fitted distributions for DS2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-influence-of-the-employed-steel-column-fragility-3ltmfi80.png Figure 13. Influence of the employed steel column fragility curves on the expected annual losses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-between-ds3-and-selected-predictor-212b6jje.png Figure 6. Correlation between DS3 and selected predictor variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-observation-points-allocation-wlq1lg65.png Figure 7. Illustration of observation points allocation between damage states S D R https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-between-univariate-drift-based-142u7zle.png Figure 10. Comparison between univariate drift-based fragility curves based on symmetric (solid line) and collapse-consistent loading (dashed line) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-local-slenderness-ratios-member-3by3fg3w.png Figure 1. Distribution of local slenderness ratios, member slenderness and axial load ratios for the collected steel column database https://scispace.com/papers/fram-strait-and-greenland-sea-transports-water-masses-and-zgoubirw4m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-convection-depths-estimated-from-hydrography-ctd-and-1ea3mpxd.png Table 1. Convection Depths Estimated From Hydrography (CTD, and Argo Floats When Available) in the Greenland Sea at About 756 0.58N and Between 58W and 18E, and the Salinity and Potential Temperature at the Bottom From 1999 to 2013a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-volume-transports-and-properties-of-surface-water-277989ba.png Figure 6. (a) Volume transports and properties of surface water, Atlantic waters, intermediate water, and deep waters following the water mass classification of Rudels et al. [2005, 2008] in FS and GS, with Argo adjustment and four constraints applied. Northward transports are positive and southward negative. (b) Intermediate and deep water volume transports (Sv) through FS and GS, with Argo adjustment and four constraints applied. Triangle division with annually varying vertices is used. Northward transports are positive and southward negative. (c) Intermediate and deep water volume transports (Sv) through FS and GS, with Argo adjustment and four constraints applied. Triangle division with fixed vertices, except AIW varying annually, is used. Northward transports are positive and southward negative. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-continued-zfmkt217.png Figure 7. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-the-798n-and-758n-hydrograph-ic-qplzh8y7.png Figure 1. Locations of the 798N and 758N hydrograph ıc sections, and the Nordic Seas currents. Currents transporting AW (red), return AW (orange), Norwegian Coastal Current (green), and the Greenland Sea convective gyre waters (cyan). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-velocities-averaged-from-june-to-august-argo-5v61gtcj.png Figure 3. (a) Velocities averaged from June to August Argo float data in 2001–2010 at 1000 and 1500 dbar. Map produced with GMT [Wessel and Smith, 1998]. (b) Argo derived northward-southward velocities (m/s) from June to August 2001–2010 with a linear fit. Velocities in northward direction are positive and in southward negative. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-net-volume-transports-sv-from-geostrophy-with-a-four-1dvsa9lw.png Table 2. Net Volume Transports (Sv) From Geostrophy With (a) Four Constraints Applied, (b) With Argo Adjustment First and Then Four Constraints Applieda https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-northward-southward-and-net-volume-transports-sv-1owxaegi.png Figure 5. Northward, southward, and net volume transports (Sv) from geostrophy with Argo adjustment and four constraints applied. Coherent vortices have been removed in 2001 and 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-potential-temperature-y-axis-and-salinity-x-axis-qsfksw9c.png Figure 7. (continued) https://scispace.com/papers/framework-for-simulation-integration-2i17c2xbwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-real-example-structure-with-service-bus-226mvbiy.png Fig. 4. Real example - Structure with Service Bus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-real-example-original-structure-3swq4mbm.png Fig. 3. Real example - Original structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-simulation-framework-domains-overview-16wfa9en.png Fig. 2. The simulation framework - domains overview https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-framework-architecture-3da2o1xq.png Fig. 1. Framework architecture https://scispace.com/papers/framing-higher-education-questions-and-responses-in-the-cmvjcdkcsk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-responses-to-the-question-out-of-every-100-young-2zhew2gt.png Table 3. Responses to the question: ‘Out of every 100 young people in Britain, how many do you think should go on to a university or college?’(BSA 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-attitudes-towards-higher-education-opportunities-by-3e9nmkk7.png Table 5. Attitudes towards higher education opportunities, by demographic characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-responses-to-the-question-a-university-degree-1z04isyf.png Table 2. Responses to the question ‘a university degree guarantees a good job’. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-publications-and-dates-in-english-higher-1rejjf2k.png Table 1. Key publications and dates in English higher education, 1963–2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-responses-to-the-question-this-question-is-about-two-1fltij5a.png Table 4. Responses to the question: ‘This question is about two young people with the same A/A2-level (or Scottish Higher) grades applying to go to university. One is from a well-off background and the other is from a less well-off background. Which one do you think would be more likely to be offered a place at university?’ https://scispace.com/papers/fran-ridge-horizontal-coring-summary-report-hole-ue-25h-no-1-2q2kslqn29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-21-calculation-of-fracture-frequency-per-cubic-meter-od2ww2b8.png TABLE C-21. Calculation of Fracture Frequency per Cubic Meter UE-25h#l -333 .0 to 337.0 f t https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-12-calculation-of-fracture-frequency-per-cubic-meter-tbybmllk.png TABLE C-12. Calculation of Fracture Frequency per Cubic Meter UE-25h#l -272 .0 to 275.0 f t https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-17-calculation-of-fracture-frequency-per-cubic-meter-menlwr0x.png TABLE C-17. Calculation of Fracture Frequency per Cubic Meter UE-25h#l - 299.0 to 305.0 f t https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-23-calculation-of-fracture-frequency-per-cubic-meter-3pe4722i.png TABLE C-23. Calculation of Fracture Frequency per Cubic Meter UE-25h#l - 343.0 to 350.0 f t https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-6-calculation-of-fracture-frequency-per-cubic-meter-3n6hamx1.png TABLE C-6. Calculation of Fracture Frequency per Cubic Meter UE-25h#l -245 .0 to 249.0 f t https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plan-and-profi-le-of-horizontal-d-r-i-l-l-hole-ue-25h-26zorlrd.png Fig. 2. Plan and profi le of horizontal d r i l l hole UE-25h#l. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-yucca-mountain-area-showinq-location-of-334p15q4.png Fig. 1. Map of Yucca Mountain area, showinq location of horizontal d r i l l hole UE-25h#l https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-24-ca-lcu-la-t-ion-of-fracture-frequency-per-cubic-35mvchqn.png TABLE C-24. Ca lcu la t ion of Fracture Frequency per Cubic Meter UE-25h#l - 3 5 0 . 0 to 355.0 f t https://scispace.com/papers/framing-quality-improvement-tools-and-techniques-in-5gq80ew0uj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-national-health-service-modernisation-agency-to4km0jy.png Table 1. National Health Service Modernisation Agency Improvement Leaders’ Guides https://scispace.com/papers/fraudulent-income-overstatement-on-mortgage-applications-5f7crq1vh6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-buyers-overstating-income-and-measures-of-fraud-3114jo1b.png Table 3 Buyers Overstating Income and Measures of Fraud https://scispace.com/figures/figure-v-fraction-of-total-mortgage-originations-for-home-36rfn1hi.png Figure V Fraction of Total Mortgage Originations for Home Purchase, by Zip Code Credit Score https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlation-between-buyer-income-growth-and-irs-34fcyp33.png Table 7 Correlation Between Buyer Income Growth and IRS Income Growth, by GSE share https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-with-buyer-income-overstatement-n1qloe93.png Table 2 Correlations with Buyer Income Overstatement https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-between-mortgage-application-income-2gzdgs40.png Table 6 Correlation between Mortgage Application Income Growth & IRS Income Growth During Subprime Mortgage Boom https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-zip-codes-where-buyers-overstate-income-become-worse-245g69hp.png Table 5 Zip Codes Where Buyers Overstate Income Become Worse after the Mortgage Credit Boom https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-buyer-income-overstatement-from-2002-to-2005-by-2ozlnv37.png Figure II Buyer Income Overstatement from 2002 to 2005, By Credit Scores and Income https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-ratio-of-income-reported-on-mortgage-applications-ua180u90.png Figure I Ratio of Income Reported on Mortgage Applications to Average IRS Income of a Zip Code https://scispace.com/papers/frbr-information-and-intertextuality-2iv0wacrrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-whole-part-work-to-work-relationships-27672p6h.png Table 2: Whole/part work-to-work relationships https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bartlett-and-hughess-2011-example-from-jane-eyre-3co6jpi5.png Figure 2. Bartlett and Hughes’s (2011) example from Jane Eyre showing some of the five transtextual elements identified by Genette (1997). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-an-example-using-vernitskis-2007-intertextuality-1l39dfcd.png Table 3. An example using Vernitski’s (2007) intertextuality-based classification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-notations-in-vernitskis-2007-intertextuality-103uskq7.png Figure 1. Notations in Vernitski’s (2007) intertextuality-oriented fiction classification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-work-to-work-relationships-23ijz5r7.png Table 1. Work-to-Work Relationships https://scispace.com/papers/free-boundary-determination-in-nonlinear-diffusion-15trlb1d9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-free-boundary-h-t-without-noise-and-for-p-2-noise-y3ykz7jn.png Figure 4: Free boundary h(t), without noise (-△-), and for p = 2% noise (- - -) in comparison with the exact solution (—), for Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-objective-function-28-without-noise-and-for-p-2-37bf4i6e.png Figure 3: Objective function (28) without noise (—), and for p = 2% noise (- - -) for Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-iterations-number-of-function-evaluations-1ho1fvfz.png Table 1: Number of iterations, number of function evaluations, value of the objective function (28) at final iteration and rmse values (33), for Examples 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-analytical-and-numerical-solutions-and-the-jrtc1ble.png Figure 9: The analytical and numerical solutions and the relative error for v(y, t) for p = 2% noise for Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-free-boundary-h-t-without-noise-and-with-p-2-noise-1d89mmko.png Figure 8: Free boundary h(t), without noise (-△-), and with p = 2% noise (- - -) in comparison with the exact solution (—), for Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-objective-function-28-without-noise-and-for-p-2-2bi8wbbp.png Figure 7: Objective function (28) without noise (—), and for p = 2% noise (- - -) for Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-analytical-and-numerical-solutions-and-the-ov4g1dd0.png Figure 5: The analytical and numerical solutions, and the relative error for v(y, t) for p = 2% noise for Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-analytical-and-numerical-solutions-for-u-x-t-16mfcg37.png Figure 6: The analytical and numerical solutions for u(x, t) for p = 2% noise for Example 1. https://scispace.com/papers/free-radical-products-in-x-irradiated-rochelle-salt-low-yo4fzmvczp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dft-calculated-hyperfine-coupling-tensors-in-mhz-for-38gindi3.png Table 4: DFT-calculated hyperfine coupling tensors (in MHz) for C2 centred partially decarboxylated one-electron oxidated tartrate moiety in Rochelle salt. The experimental data are given in Table 1 (the K1 tensor). Δφ is the angle of deviation for the indicated eigenvector with that of the corresponding experimental eigenvector. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dft-calculated-hyperfine-coupling-tensors-in-mhz-for-359qpu3j.png Table 5: DFT-calculated hyperfine coupling tensors (in MHz) for C2-decarboxylated oneelectron oxidated tartrate moiety in Rochelle salt. The experimental data not provided here are given in Table 1. Δφ is the angle of deviation for the indicated eigenvector with that of the corresponding experimental eigenvector. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-endor-determined-proton-hyperfine-coupling-tensors-3h8ajm69.png Table 1: ENDOR determined proton hyperfine coupling tensors (MHz) from partially deuterated crystals of Rochelle salt X-irradiated and measured at 10 K. a https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-dft-calculated-hyperfine-coupling-tensors-in-mhz-for-2njhoz67.png Table 6: DFT-calculated hyperfine coupling tensors (in MHz) for radical formed from the O4protonated one-electron reduced tartrate moiety by β-OH elimination, - OOC1—CβH(OH)— ĊαH—C4OO - in Rochelle salt. Δφ is the angle of deviation for the indicated eigenvector with that of the corresponding experimental eigenvector. The experimental data are taken from ref. (Samskog et al., 1979). a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dft-calculated-hyperfine-coupling-tensors-in-mhz-for-12n4nsoq.png Table 2: DFT-calculated hyperfine coupling tensors (in MHz) for the O4-protonated oneelectron reduced radical in Rochelle salt. The experimental data not provided here are given in Table 1. Δφ is the angle of deviation for the indicated eigenvector with that of the corresponding experimental eigenvector. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dft-calculated-hyperfine-coupling-tensors-in-mhz-for-1ihu6r0g.png Table 7: DFT-calculated hyperfine coupling tensors (in MHz) for radicals formed by Habstraction from C3, - OO1C—CβH(OH)— Ċ3(OH)—C4OO - and from C2, - OO1C—Ċ2(OH)— CβH(OH)—C4OO - in Rochelle salt X-irradiated at room temperature. Δφ is the angle of deviation for the indicated eigenvector with that of the corresponding experimental eigenvector. The experimental data are taken from ref. (Suzuki and Abe, 1968). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dft-calculated-hyperfine-coupling-tensors-in-mhz-for-3ni8teok.png Table 3: DFT-calculated hyperfine coupling tensors (in MHz) for C3-decarboxylated oneelectron oxidation product in Rochelle salt. The experimental data not provided here are given in Table 1. Δφ is the angle of deviation for the indicated eigenvector with that of the corresponding experimental eigenvector. https://scispace.com/papers/free-field-microwave-interferometry-for-detonation-front-hkfjo0ppcv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-hom-antenna-for-the-circular-waveguide-and-1u5u46aq.png FIGURE 1. The hom antenna for the circular waveguide and corresponding directivity plot in dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagrams-of-the-two-different-geometries-used-3daqvaub.png FIGURE 3. Diagrams of the two different geometries used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-antenna-and-explosive-setup-r17kvjvd.png FIGURE 2. The antenna and explosive setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-explanation-for-the-observed-inflexion-of-the-2uzvlkzt.png FIGURE 6. An explanation for the observed inflexion of the curve at detonation breakout in shot B. https://scispace.com/papers/free-running-single-photon-detection-based-on-a-negative-pl2n3ei77d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-chart-of-the-afterpulse-probability-39202j0v.png Figure 2: Flow chart of the afterpulse probability measurement procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-rdc-as-a-function-of-the-detection-efficiency-for-57cosiuu.png Figure 8: rdc as a function of the detection efficiency for two different modules (red circles and black squares) applying τHO = 10 µs. At 10% of detection efficiency the rdc yield about 600 Hz corresponding to 6·10−7 counts/ns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-experimental-setup-for-the-afterpulse-1y1l8sae.png Figure 3: (a) Experimental setup for the afterpulse characterization. The FPGA is triggered by an external clock at 50 MHz. (b) Afterpulse acquisition obtained with the FPGA at 12% of detection efficiency and τHO of 2 µs. The red dotted (blue solid) curve shows the afterpulse probability distribution considering (not considering) higher order afterpulses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-electronic-circuit-of-the-detector-module-b-1jvyv78a.png Figure 5: (a) Electronic circuit of the detector module. (b) Picture of the detector module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-detection-efficiencies-for-four-different-hold-off-3quof1g6.png Figure 7: Detection efficiencies for four different hold-off times. (a) The detection efficiency η′ corrected only for the hold-off time τHO(according Eq.4 for pAP = 0 [18]). As can be seen, increasing the bias voltage, the afterpulses increase leading to an overestimation of the detection efficiency. (b) The detection efficiency η, including also the afterpulse correction. Note that the dependency from the hold-off time τHO is drastically reduced. As a comparison detection efficiency evaluated with the standard synchronous measurement for the gated mode by means of the FPGA is plotted as well (dark red hexagons-solid lines curve). The good agreement demonstrates that the measured afterpulse probabilities are correct. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-afterpulse-probability-in-as-a-function-of-1lf7hhp2.png Figure 4: Total afterpulse probability (in %) as a function of the bias voltage for different τHO time. At bias lower than 77 V for τHO of 20 µs the total afterpulse probability cannot be determined. For information, the approximate values of detection efficiency are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-measured-dark-count-rate-rdc-as-a-function-of-the-2jwf09lb.png Figure 6: (a) Measured dark-count rate, rdc, as a function of the voltage bias for different hold-off times, τHO. The graph shows the effectiveness of the negative feedback resistor with rdc yielding 600 Hz at 10% of detection efficiency, η. At higher bias voltages, the dark-count rate increases reducing the hold-off time. This phenomenon has been attributed to the afterpulses. (b) The inherent dark-count rate (corrected for afterpulsing effect and holdoff time following Eq.2), r∗dc, as a function of the bias voltage for hold off times yielding 5 µs and 2 µs and 20 µs. As expected, r∗dc does not change with the hold-off time. This confirms Eq.2 demonstrating that the differences between the measured dark-count rate shown in Fig.6(b) are mainly due to afterpulses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cross-sectional-schematic-representation-of-the-1w0k5m74.png Figure 1: (a) Cross-sectional schematic representation of the APD growth structure with the monolithically integrated thin-film resistor fabricated on the surface of the device. (b) Top view of the APD device: the orange meander line indicates the geometry of the thin-film resistor. (c) From left to right: equivalent circuit for the negative feedback diode. This circuit consists of the standard equivalent circuit for the SPAD device (blue background) where Rd and Cd are the equivalent resistance and capacitance characterising the diode. Connected in series to the diode has been displayed (orange background) the negative feedback load with resistor (RL). When the photon triggers the avalanche represented by the closing of the switch S, Cd discharges with characteristic time τdischarge=RdCd faster than the quench time. The flowing current is quenched by the decreasing of the voltage across the diode yielding Va-IRL. When this voltage is sufficiently close to the breakdown value, S is opened again and the capacitance Cd is recharged with time constant τcharge=RLCd. https://scispace.com/papers/free-surface-air-entrainment-and-single-bubble-movement-in-52ydqiexeo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relation-of-a-entrapped-width-and-b-depth-scale-with-1vq3e3c2.png Fig. 8. Relation of (a) entrapped width and (b) depth scale with the entrained bubble size scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effect-of-entrapped-shape-on-entrained-bubble-size-g5fn1hia.png Fig. 9. Effect of entrapped shape on entrained bubble size scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-single-bubble-a-rising-dab-3-0-mm-and-b-penetration-ky0do6bw.png Fig. 11. Single bubble (a) rising (dab = 3.0 mm) and (b) penetration (dab = 4.5 mm) processes in the water flow (V = 5.5 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-observed-bubble-size-generation-with-fkev8l5l.png Fig. 10. Comparison of observed bubble size generation with intrusive measurements of bubble chord length: (a) bubble size distribution; (b) average bubble size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-time-variation-of-velocity-fluctuation-in-11bdak5g.png Fig. 12. Time variation of velocity fluctuation in longitudinal (△Vax) and vertical (△Vay) direction for (a) rising and (b) penetration processes (V = 5.5 m/s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-characterized-velocities-of-different-bubble-sizes-1y5h5sfz.png Fig. 13. Characterized velocities of different bubble sizes for (a) rising and (b) penetration processes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-effect-of-flow-velocity-on-characteristic-bubble-jymi84lj.png Fig. 14. Effect of flow velocity on characteristic bubble velocities in open channel flows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-calculated-results-with-eq-6-to-test-jz2mmniy.png Fig. 15. Comparison of calculated results with Eq. (6) to test data on Cmean variations along the air–water open channel flows: (a) Aviemore dam, prototype (Cain 1978); (b) Laboratory experiment (Xi 1988). https://scispace.com/papers/freeze-drying-and-rehydration-of-alginate-fluid-gels-uje3ats8s2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alg-and-cacl2-concentrations-used-for-sample-2qtzx51a.png Table 1-ALG and CaCl2 concentrations used for sample preparations 653 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-alg-and-cacl2-concentrations-used-for-sample-2azhp6ux.png Table 2- ALG and CaCl2 concentrations used for sample preparations 656 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-k-n-r2-parameters-obtained-from-eq-2-data-fitting-19fx9ukj.png Table 3 – k, n, R2, parameters obtained from eq. 2 data fitting 659 https://scispace.com/papers/frequency-characteristics-of-dissipative-and-generative-3k4y13xv2v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-energy-consumption-production-properties-and-2bzpxepl.png Figure 4: Energy consumption/production properties and capacitive/inductive character of the generative-dissipative RLC circuit: cosφ(gd)i and sinφ (gd) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-characteristics-of-transfer-function-3r6xpwl9.png Figure 7: Frequency characteristics of transfer function modulus and argument for generative-generative RLC circuit, obtained for model parameters: µ = 0.7, ν = 0.9, τC = 0.75, τL = 0.75, τν = 0.025, and τµ = 2.5 - dot-dashed line, τµ = 0.20980 . . . - solid line, and τµ = 0.055 - dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-frequency-characteristics-of-2s3v825n.png Figure 12: Comparison of frequency characteristics of transfer function modulus and argument (solid line) with their asymptotics (dashed line) for generative-dissipative RLC circuit, obtained for model parameters: β = 0.5, τC = 0.07, τµ = 0.01, τL = 0.75, and τβ = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-consumption-production-properties-and-1f4ccig7.png Figure 3: Energy consumption/production properties and capacitive/inductive character of the dissipative-generative RLC circuit: cosφ(dg)i and sinφ (dg) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-frequency-characteristics-of-transfer-3f1euqhq.png Figure 6: Comparison of frequency characteristics of transfer function modulus and argument (solid line) with their asymptotics (dashed line) for dissipative-dissipative RLC circuit, obtained for model parameters: β = 0.2, τC = 0.1, τα = 2.5, τL = 0.75, and τβ = 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-frequency-characteristics-of-transfer-function-udc35ui7.png Figure 9: Frequency characteristics of transfer function modulus and argument for dissipative-generative RLC circuit, obtained for model parameters: α = 0.25, ν = 0.85, τC = 0.25, τα = 0.005, τL = 0.75, and τν = 5 - dot-dashed line, τν = 0.23329 . . . - solid line, and τν = 0.09 - dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-energy-consumption-production-properties-and-22m4193w.png Figure 1: Energy consumption/production properties and capacitive/inductive character of the dissipative-dissipative RLC circuit: cosφ(dd)i and sinφ (dd) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-frequency-characteristics-of-transfer-ud86crv9.png Figure 8: Comparison of frequency characteristics of transfer function modulus and argument (solid line) with their asymptotics (dashed line) for generative-generative RLC circuit, obtained for model parameters: ν = 0.9, τC = 0.75, τµ = 0.15, τL = 0.75, and τν = 0.025. https://scispace.com/papers/frequency-dependent-anisotropy-of-porous-rocks-with-aligned-r2svrvc0yd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-of-p-wave-attenuation-with-angle-of-11ubch9a.png Figure 7: Variation of P wave attenuation with angle of incidence for low, intermediate and high frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-of-sv-wave-velocity-with-angle-of-1a64s39q.png Figure 6: Variation of SV wave velocity with angle of incidence for low, intermediate and high frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-dependency-of-p-wave-phase-velocity-for-pqu4cgsw.png Figure 2: Frequency dependency of P wave phase velocity for di¤erent angles to the fracture symmetry axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-frequency-dependence-of-attenuation-anisotropy-2z0iklp6.png Figure 11: Frequency dependence of attenuation anisotropy parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-frequency-dependence-of-thomsen-s-anisotropy-2wd3jqwn.png Figure 10: Frequency dependence of Thomsen s anisotropy parameters for vertical symmetry axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-dependency-of-sv-wave-phase-velocity-at-1n043iek.png Figure 3: Frequency dependency of SV wave phase velocity at 45 degrees to the fracture symmetry axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-attenuation-of-p-and-sv-waves-for-di-erent-angles-19mal6td.png Figure 4: Attenuation of P and SV waves for di¤erent angles to the fracture symmetry axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-frequency-dependence-of-thomsen-s-anisotropy-21tklm9w.png Figure 9: Frequency dependence of Thomsen s anisotropy parameters for horizontal symmetry axis. https://scispace.com/papers/frequency-resolved-time-gated-high-order-harmonics-1rql33ohiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wavelength-shift-vs-timedl-t-for-the-two-orthogonally-d478lds7.png FIG. 3. Wavelength shift vs timeDl(t) for the two orthogonally polarized components~dashed lines! and for the total pulse ~solid line!; B53. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-harmonic-spectra-in-two-cases-with-glass-plate-1e4l8wm5.png FIG. 5. Harmonic spectra in two cases: with glass plate inserted and quartz plate axis parallel to the laser field polarization~dotted line!, and with glass plate, quartz plate oriented at 45° to the laser polarization andF05p/2 ~solid line!. The laser intensity in the gas jet is 3 31014 W/cm2 and the intensity on the glass plate is 731010 W/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-wavelength-separation-for-the-35th-harmonic-squares-as-5we51ult.png FIG. 6. Wavelength separation for the 35th harmonic~squares! as a function of the intensity in the interaction region. The intensity on the glass plate is 7.431010 W/cm2. The open triangles refer to theoretical results obtained in the same conditions (B53). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-frequency-separation-as-a-function-of-harmonic-order-a3kizc0o.png FIG. 7. Frequency separation as a function of harmonic order. The intensity in the jet is 3.431014 W/cm2 and the intensity on the glass plate is 7.431010 W/cm2. https://scispace.com/papers/frequency-domain-glr-detection-of-a-second-order-11a22foxsd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-missed-detection-probability-for-a-false-alarm-fgbrky3a.png Fig. 4. Missed detection probability (for a false alarm probability of 0.05) versus SNR for different detectors. Same scenario as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-missed-detection-probability-for-a-false-alarm-386du30r.png Fig. 5. Missed detection probability (for a false alarm probability of 0.05) versus mean delay spread (⌧ ) for different detectors. Same scenario as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-missed-detection-probability-for-a-false-alarm-32f8x7nu.png Fig. 6. Missed detection probability (for a false alarm probability of 0.05) number of symbols (M ) for the GRTL-cyc-K and LMPIT-K at different. Same scenario as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-roc-for-the-different-detectors-in-the-flat-fading-2z8dyqt1.png Fig. 1. ROC for the different detectors in the flat fading case (⌧ = 0). ↵ = 0.8, SNR = 0.5dB, M = 256, K = 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-roc-for-the-different-detectors-in-the-frequency-2elfv7gt.png Fig. 3. ROC for the different detectors in the frequency-selective fading case (⌧ = 2.5). ↵ = 3, SNR = 0.5dB, M = 256, K = 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-roc-for-the-different-detectors-in-the-frequency-gw2gkm4z.png Fig. 2. ROC for the different detectors in the frequency-selective fading case (⌧ = 1). ↵ = 0.8, SNR = 0.5dB, M = 256, K = 8. https://scispace.com/papers/frequency-selective-surface-acoustic-invisibility-for-three-3y1rbc6pp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-similar-to-fig-3-but-for-a-spherical-obstacle-with-2a-1bq87iut.png FIG. 5: Similar to Fig. 3, but for a spherical obstacle with 2a = λ0/5 and κ = 1/10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-the-acoustic-sphere-to-be-cloaked-24pyl0ze.png FIG. 2: (a) Schematic of the acoustic sphere to be cloaked surrounded by the patterned metasurface, the structure consists of 100 angular sectors forming a quasi-periodically surfacic phononic crystal. (b) View of the unit cell, where the annex problem defined by Eq. (17) will be solved by means of homogenization theory and leads to an effective invisibility metasurface described by Eq. (15). The total pressure field when a point source is impinging on the bare sphere (c) and the cloaked structure (an ultra-thin shell of thickness 10−2ac and parameters deduced from the homogenization theory was used to model the mantle cloak) (d) clearly shows the effectiveness of this mechanism for moderate sized obstacles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-amplitude-of-the-pressure-field-on-the-x-y-plane-for-a-8o01jn8s.png FIG. 4: Amplitude of the pressure field on the x-y plane for a spherical obstacle with 2a = λ0/5 and κ = 1/10 (a) with and (d) without the mantle cloak. (b) and (e) are similar to (a) and (d), but for the phase of the pressure field on the orthogonal x-z plane. (c) and (f) are the associated normalized far-field scattering patterns (the cloaked scenario are two orders of magnitude lower than the uncloaked one). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dependencies-of-the-total-scs-of-a-spherical-obstacle-3462wr3n.png FIG. 3: Dependencies of the total SCS of a spherical obstacle with 2a = λ0/5 and κr = 1/10 on (a) the reactance of the mantle cloak and (b) the normalized frequency of operation for different ratios of a/ac. (c) and (d) are similar to (a) and (b), but for a spherical obstacle with comparable size and κr = 10, where κ0 denotes the bulk modulus of the surrounding medium and is taken equal to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-cloaking-mechanism-a-metasurface-of-30zc5qv8.png FIG. 1: Schematic of the cloaking mechanism: a metasurface of radius ac is covering a sphere of radius a (2D view) are in the path of a plane pressure wave impinging from left. The mass density and bulk modulus inside the object (sphere of radius radius a) are respectively ρrρ0 and κrκ0 where ρ0 is the density of the background and κ0 its bulk modulus. The domain between a < r < ac is the same as the background medium, since our cloak (dashed line) is just an ultrathin surface with negligible thickness. The inset shows possible designs for acoustic FSS, including irregular shapes. https://scispace.com/papers/frequency-swapping-aided-femtocells-in-twin-layer-cellular-2fx5qhl5bq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-outage-probability-of-outdoor-macrocell-users-ejhl42py.png Fig. 2. The outage probability of outdoor macrocell users according to the their normalized distance from the MBS, for the target thresold of 0dB and using the parameters of Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-topology-of-frequency-swapped-femtocells-with-ffr-3mjhe0vh.png Fig. 1. The topology of frequency-swapped femtocells with FFR aided oversailing macrocells https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notations-and-system-parameters-3kqxdxre.png TABLE I NOTATIONS AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/papers/frequent-electronic-media-communication-with-friends-is-2qnp2o2ecc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interaction-tobacco-use-the-netherlands-2009-simple-20vgntdo.png Fig. 1 Interaction tobacco use (The Netherlands, 2009) Simple slopes for face-to-face (FTF) day by electronic media communication (EMC) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-interaction-cannabis-use-the-netherlands-2009-simple-3pm0rv3s.png Fig. 4 Interaction cannabis use (The Netherlands, 2009) Simple slopes for face-to-face (FTF) evening by electronic media communication (EMC) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cross-level-interaction-alcohol-use-the-netherlands-3lmle2y3.png Fig. 3 Cross-level interaction alcohol use (The Netherlands, 2009) Simple slopes for average classroom alcohol use (ALC) by electronic media communication (EMC) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interaction-tobacco-use-the-netherlands-2009-simple-1irq7s22.png Fig. 2 Interaction tobacco use (The Netherlands, 2009) Simple slopes for face-to-face (FTF) evening by electronic media communication (EMC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-predictor-and-dependent-py0r197o.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics for predictor and dependent variables, correlational coefficients with predictor variables, and intraclass correlations (ICCs) and design effect estimates (DEs) for classroom level by dependent variables (The Netherlands, 2009) https://scispace.com/papers/from-awareness-requirements-to-adaptive-systems-a-control-58t9cyge5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-view-of-an-adaptive-system-as-a-control-system-2bldd39e.png Figure 2. View of an adaptive system as a control system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-block-diagram-of-a-control-system-based-b0oh1fej.png Figure 1. Simplified block diagram of a control system based on [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-a-software-development-process-for-an-okw56bd1.png Figure 3. Overview of a software development process for an adaptive system. https://scispace.com/papers/from-carbon-nanostructures-to-new-photoluminescence-sources-19kmyt4tjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematics-of-an-integrated-plasma-aided-2k9lejap.png Figure 5: Schematics of an integrated plasma-aided nanofabrication facility (IPANF) comprising low-frequency inductively coupled plasma-assisted, lowpressure and multiple-target RF magnetron sputtering plasma source. Here, (1) substrate holder; (2) substrates; (3) shutter; (4) target; (5) target holder/electrode. Alternative configuration for the top section of the chamber (lower figure). Here, A and B denote the antenna connection points to the RF generator. (Figure reprinted from Vacuum, 80, S. Xu, K. Ostrikov, J. D. Long, S. Y. Huang, “Integrated plasmaaided nanofabrication facility: Operation, parameters, and assembly of quantum structutes and functional nanomaterials”, 621-630, Copyright 2006, with permission from Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-poloidal-cross-section-of-a-tokamak-plasma-showing-3eybdbr5.png Figure 9: Poloidal cross section of a tokamak plasma showing the location of low Z coatings (by low pressure PECVD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-main-features-of-the-plasmas-produced-in-low-1hi37p06.png Figure 1: Main features of the plasmas produced in low pressure PECVD and applications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simplified-scheme-of-a-pecvd-reactor-showing-some-qn8fnzvp.png Figure 4: Simplified scheme of a PECVD reactor showing some of the different plasma diagnostic techniques mentioned in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sem-pictures-showing-the-evolution-of-a-hybrid-uncd-3u8t2mhg.png Figure 8: SEM pictures showing the evolution of a hybrid UNCD/CNT structure by varying the relative fraction of catalyst and nanodiamond seeds. a) Pure CNTs, b) Hybrid structure with a low fraction of CNTs and UNCD, c) A nearly fully dense hybrid structure of UNCD and CNTs with a high fraction of UNCD, d) Pure UNCD. (Adapted with permission from ref. 117) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-schematics-showing-the-perpendicular-alignment-of-2m4fgzyv.png Figure 7: (a) Schematics showing the perpendicular alignment of nanotube growth regardless of the substrate position. (b) SEM image showing the growth of the well aligned nanotubes. The inset shows the cobalt islands that formed prior to the nanotube growth. (c) SEM images showing patterned nanotube growth as a result of patterning the cobalt catalyst prior to the growth. (Reused with permission from Chris Bower, Wei Zhu, Sungho Jin and Otto Zhou, Applied Physics Letters, 77, 830 (2000). Copyright 2000, American Institute of Physics). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-processes-taking-place-during-low-3gb9sclg.png Figure 2: Sketch of processes taking place during low pressure PECVD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-brief-chronology-of-carbon-based-films-by-low-1l682aay.png Figure 6: Brief chronology of carbon-based films by low pressure PECVD. https://scispace.com/papers/from-distribution-networks-to-smart-distribution-systems-yus1i6xcr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scope-of-dsos-survey-data-290pgwcp.png Figure 4: Scope of DSOs (survey data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-distribution-of-cost-factors-within-retail-3vzh7usm.png Figure 10: Distribution of cost factors within retail electricity prices in 2011 (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-electricity-switching-rates-in-2010-percentage-by-30rf2bbp.png Table 8: Electricity switching rates in 2010 (%) * Percentage by which the switching rate has changed from the value in 2009 to the value in 2010 Source: EC (2012c - SWD(2012) 368) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-voltage-level-operated-by-dsos-in-selected-member-2vhyupzj.png Figure 3: Voltage level operated by DSOs in selected Member States https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-savings-in-total-distribution-costs-from-active-5rzc8u0f.png Figure 7: Savings in total distribution costs from active system management for selected countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-end-user-price-regulation-in-different-electricity-3nt2yyzh.png Figure 11: End-user price regulation in different electricity market segments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-dsos-in-selected-member-states-2012-data-1dsla7bc.png Figure 5: Number of DSOs in selected Member States (2012 data) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-major-services-which-der-can-provide-to-tso-and-or-wrrlh2fo.png Table 4: Major services which DER can provide to TSO and/or DSO https://scispace.com/papers/from-financial-to-real-economic-crisis-evidence-from-k3hktaguvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-firms-10dp2n18.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics for Firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-change-of-banking-partners-cttlhrma.png Table 7: Change of Banking Partners https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-change-in-number-of-banking-partners-depends-on-3ftcfh9j.png Table 8: Change in Number of Banking Partners Depends on Tangibility & Firm Size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-banks-gains-and-losses-from-1tvy7rzi.png Figure 1: Distribution of Banks’ Gains and Losses from Proprietary Trading over Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-credit-supply-determines-firms-real-investment-and-od96hdme.png Table 5: Credit Supply Determines Firms’ Real Investment and Employment 2SLS regressions of investment and employment growth rates on credit supply growth rates of their banking partners https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-for-firms-relationship-banks-1uugv5ib.png Table 3: Descriptive Statistics for Firms’ Relationship Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exposure-of-selected-german-banks-to-u-s-structured-3d793gu6.png Table 1: Exposure of Selected German Banks to U.S. Structured Credit Products https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-adjustment-channels-of-firms-3k6juka4.png Table 9: Adjustment Channels of Firms https://scispace.com/papers/from-pose-to-activity-47jvz66dkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-example-images-for-etiseo-dataset-36csoqfp.png Figure 22: Example images for ETISEO dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-provided-data-and-presence-of-16j7ikxv.png Table 2: Comparison of provided data and presence of dedicated validation sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-example-images-for-mpi08-dataset-1j9rrloj.png Figure 35: Example images for MPI08 dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-36-example-images-for-50-salads-dataset-1srmmatw.png Figure 36: Example images for 50 Salads dataset https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-example-images-for-weizmann-dataset-bend-jump-329hd5g0.png Figure 17: Example images for Weizmann dataset - bend, jump forwards, two-handed wave https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-example-images-for-olympic-sports-dataset-diving-3g28jfyt.png Figure 10: Example images for Olympic Sports dataset - diving springboard, snatch, tennis serve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-example-images-for-muhavi-dataset-climb-ladder-pick-28g3by5q.png Figure 9: Example images for MuHAVi dataset - climb ladder, pick up and throw, punch https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-dataset-domain-applications-lv87k8md.png Table 6: Comparison of dataset domain applications. https://scispace.com/papers/from-precursor-powders-to-cspbx3-perovskite-nanowires-one-kl9z3cdwjh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-photograph-of-colloidal-dispersions-of-cspbx3-3m33r62i.png Figure 1: (a) Photograph of colloidal dispersions of CsPbX3 perovskite NWs with different halide (X = Cl, Br and I) compositions under UV light illumination (= 367 nm). CsPbBr3 NWs were obtained by ultrasonication of Cs2CO3 & PbBr2 in octadecene in the presence of oleylamine and oleic acid. The NWs with mixed halide compositions were obtained by halide ion exchange reactions (CsPbBr3 + PbCl2 (or) PbI2). (b-d & e-g) Bright field-TEM & atomically resolved high resolution HAAD-STEM images of CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 NWs, respectively. (h) Corresponding UV/Vis absorption (dotted lines) and photoluminescence (solid lines) spectra of colloidal CsPbX3 perovskite NWs with different halide (X = Cl, Br and I) compositions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-formation-of-p8p33ofa.png Figure 4: (a) Schematic illustration of the formation of perovskite NW self-assemblies by the air/liquid interface technique. A colloidal perovskite NW dispersion in hexane is dropped onto a ethylene glycol solution in a petri dish. The evaporation of hexane leads to the formation of densely packed quasi-oriented selfassemblies of perovskite NWs at the air/liquid interface. The assemblies are transferrable to any solid substrate applying the Langmuir–Schaefer deposition technique. (b-d) SEM images of quasi-oriented self-assemblies of perovskite NWs prepared at the air/liquid interface. (e) SEM image of a perovskite NW film prepared by a simple drop-casting approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-uv-visible-extinction-spectra-of-colloidal-3g01rnyr.png Figure 2: (a) UV-Visible extinction spectra of colloidal CsPbBr3 perovskite NCs obtained after different ultrasonication times during the transformation of precursor powders into NWs and their corresponding TEM images (b-g). (h) HAAD-STEM images of CsPbBr3 NCs obtained after 20 min. The arrows show the oriented attachment of nanocubes to NWs. See figure S11 for additional HRSTEM image and corresponding atom-counting results to visualize the oriented attachment (i) Schematic illustration of the transformation of precursor powders into NWs by ultrasonication, in which initially formed CsPbBr3 nanocubes are transformed into NWs. https://scispace.com/papers/from-prescriptive-programming-of-solid-state-devices-to-4v5ky8yp8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-to-engineer-self-organised-systems-the-traditional-2zstohy6.png Fig. 3. To engineer self-organised systems, the traditional design considerations of energy and matter need to be augmented to include information (A). The potential gain of adding the information paradigm to our engineering toolkit can best be estimated by a view at nature. The biological world exhibits a hierarchy of self-processes that lead to increasingly more complex organisations of matter (B) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-implementation-paradigms-for-a-computational-device-kzexss80.png Fig. 2. Implementation paradigms for a computational device. Present conventional computer technology is indicated near the lower left corner. Random variation enters unintentionally in the production process. With increasing miniaturisation control will become increasingly more difficult (dashed arrow). Resilient architectures that can cope with wide component variation and the deliberate use of self-organisation processes provide the most likely path to complexification of computing architectures (bent arrow) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-communicating-a-desired-input-output-map-to-a-machine-oib3nius.png Fig. 1. Communicating a desired input-output map to a machine. The input-output map can in principle be thought of as a potentially very large lookup table that associates an output response with every input that can be discerned by the machine (A). For n bit input patterns (I) and a m bit output response (O) the, number of possible maps is 2m2 n . To implement an arbitrary one of these maps on a quasi-universal machine, the mapping f has to be specified by the program p with respect of machine architecture a (B). Selecting an arbitrary map from the set of possible maps may require a specification of length: log2 [ 2m2 n] = m2n. Even for moderate pattern recognition problems (e.g., classifying low resolution images) the program length required for most mappings is impractical [6] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-orchestration-of-informed-matter-the-interplay-of-1nicdcg8.png Fig. 4. Orchestration of informed matter. The interplay of experimental data, physical simulation of component behaviour in a systems context and adaptation methods such as directed evolution will play an important role in the process of engineering informed matter building-blocks that self-organise to spontaneously form architectures with desired functionality https://scispace.com/papers/from-renewable-to-marine-energies-sources-for-sustainable-1bjlj3n79q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-increase-of-primary-energy-supply-in-morocco-from-293zhf7k.png Figure 1: Increase of primary energy supply in Morocco from 1972 to 2012 (IEA, 2015a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-potential-areas-for-tidal-power-generation-in-2vsue3ah.png Figure 8: Potential areas for tidal power generation in Morocco. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geographic-location-of-morocco-1nazjycl.png Figure 2: Geographic Location of Morocco https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-swot-matrix-analysis-qioygsjs.png Figure 17 : SWOT matrix analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-map-of-morocco-with-its-main-rivers-3gjk2wnh.png Figure 6: Map of Morocco with its main rivers https://scispace.com/papers/from-secondary-school-to-university-associations-between-4srf26darz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-spent-in-domain-specific-sedentary-behaviours-2xzhok3d.png Table 2. Time spent in domain-specific sedentary behaviours and physical activity in relation to sport participation, adjusted by gender and calendar year models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sport-participation-and-time-spent-in-domain-1zw9bxbe.png Table 1. Sport participation and time spent in domain-specific sedentary behaviours and physical activity during the first year of Secondary School by gender. https://scispace.com/papers/from-stadium-to-harbor-reinterpreting-the-curved-ashlar-fig0nuw6r4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-curved-structure-of-tiberias-looking-east-photo-by-ta9byza6.png Fig. 4. The curved structure of Tiberias, looking east. (Photo by T. Sagiv; courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detailed-plan-of-the-curved-structure-at-the-galei-1ray1wj1.png Fig. 3. Detailed plan of the curved structure at the Galei Kinneret Hotel in Tiberias (after Hartal 2008: fig. 1). (Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-quay-with-incorporated-mooring-stone-at-rujm-el-30u63qe5.png Fig. 8. The quay with incorporated mooring stone at Rujm el-Bahr, looking west (from Hadas 2011: pl. 3b). (Courtesy of G. Hadas) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-curved-structure-of-tiberias-with-projecting-24p9y5os.png Fig. 5. The curved structure of Tiberias with projecting pierced stone block, looking southeast. (Photo by T. Sagiv; courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-curved-structure-of-tiberias-looking-west-photo-by-3tqb0krf.png Fig. 6. The curved structure of Tiberias, looking west. (Photo by T. Sagiv; courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-torlonia-relief-a-stylized-representation-of-portus-ca-37lyf6ls.png Fig. 7. Torlonia Relief, a stylized representation of Portus, ca. 200 c.e. A cargo vessel tied up to a mooring stone is depicted in the lower right corner (Rome, Museo Torlonia, inv. 430). (© D-DAI-ROM-33.1326) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-view-of-the-roman-quay-at-magdala-with-ms-1-and-4-7-et10uyxg.png Fig. 10. View of the Roman quay at Magdala with MS 1 and 4–7 in situ, looking northwest. (Photo by V. Sedia, © Magdala Project; courtesy of S. De Luca) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-curved-structure-within-the-environs-1j2r5gme.png Fig. 1. Location of the curved structure within the environs of Tiberias (after Hirschfeld 1992: 50). (Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority) https://scispace.com/papers/from-single-drop-coalescence-to-droplet-swarms-scale-up-4pu5cgku7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-quantities-of-the-liquids-at-25degc-2zvgdue9.png Table 2: Physical quantities of the liquids at 𝜗 = 25°C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-breakage-and-coalescence-rates-at-varying-stirrer-1vcmowcu.png Figure 8: Breakage and coalescence rates at varying stirrer frequencies using the models of Coulaloglou and Tavlarides (1977) and Chen et al. (1998) with the parameter sets (b) and (p) given in Table 4 and Table 5. (Corrected erratum: increasing / decreasing stirrer frequency: n↓ / n↑) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-root-mean-square-deviations-of-sauter-mean-diameter-3g683jlu.png Table 6: Root-mean-square deviations of Sauter mean diameter 𝑅𝑆𝑀𝐷(𝑑32) between experiments and simulations using different numerical parameter sets (see Table 4 and Table 5) and breakage submodels (Coulaloglou and Tavlarides (1977) and Chen et al. (1998)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-numerical-parameters-for-complete-coulaloglou-and-34y6qq9h.png Table 4: Numerical parameters for complete Coulaloglou and Tavlarides (1977) model from different authors and the adapted coalescence parameters in this study. For comparison additional parameter sets from different authors are given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-numerical-parameters-for-breakage-model-of-chen-et-3tphv8op.png Table 5: Numerical parameters for breakage model of Chen et al. (1998) combined with Coulaloglou and Tavlarides (1977) coalescence rate model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-drop-rise-velocity-over-rise-height-of-different-9py0mbcy.png Figure 1: Drop rise velocity over rise height of different drop sizes in experiments (mean values and standard deviations) and calculations using the drag coefficient correlation of Feng and Michaelides (2001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-three-dimensional-visualisation-of-the-dependency-ueceh4lg.png Figure 5: Three-dimensional visualisation of the dependency of coalescence probability on the drop sizes (𝑑𝑡𝑜𝑝 , 𝑑𝑏𝑜𝑡) in experiments and applying the Coulaloglou and Tavlarides (1977) model with 𝑐2,𝑐 𝐶&𝑇 = 2 ∙ 1012 m−2. To account for different collision velocities, the data is shown in three velocity intervals of 10 mm/s width. https://scispace.com/papers/from-supercontinuum-generation-to-carrier-shocks-extreme-3tfqarn389 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-shock-formation-after-3-71-mm-propagation-in-a-1msct3wv.png Fig. 1 (a) Shock formation after 3.71 μm propagation in a dispersionless χ(3) medium. The left subfigure shows the temporal field obtained from the solution from the generalized nonlinear envelope equation, together with an exploded view comparing these envelope simulation results (solid line) with those obtained from Maxwell’s equations (circles). The right subfigure compares the corresponding spectrum obtained using the generalized nonlinear envelope equation (solid line) with that from Maxwell’s equations (circles). (b) Temporal and spectral characteristics obtained using Eq. (1) to model SC generation in a 1mm nanowire of 600 nm diameter including dispersion, Raman scattering and modal effective area variation. https://scispace.com/papers/from-yuppies-to-yupps-family-gentrifiers-consuming-spaces-510qntxzxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-families-consuming-the-sidewalk-l6daesvo.png Figure 3. Families consuming the sidewalk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-family-directed-commercial-consumption-spaces-2kdodhmi.png Table 1. Family-directed commercial consumption spaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-child-directed-commercial-consumption-spaces-rkv1f5u1.png Table 2. Child-directed commercial consumption spaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-residential-population-of-middenmeer-1a5qni10.png Table 3. Residential population of Middenmeer. https://scispace.com/papers/from-user-goals-to-process-based-service-compositions-a-7qgru0fido 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-checking-goal-achievability-b5g26fhr.png Figure 6: Checking goal achievability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-generated-bpmn-diagram-178ynjmm.png Figure 7: Generated BPMN diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-contextual-information-2fn5ha7u.png Figure 4: Example of contextual information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-automatically-processable-guidelines-8rt1p42h.png Figure 3: Example of automatically processable guidelines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-planning-of-goal-achievement-j3y0nln3.png Figure 5: Planning of goal Achievement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-map-hgcmlen0.png Figure 1: Example of map https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-prototype-architecture-bf06ltke.png Figure 8: Prototype architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-isg-ssg-and-iag-2jzd3nsj.png Figure 2: Example of ISG, SSG and IAG https://scispace.com/papers/from-the-bottom-of-the-sea-to-the-display-case-a-study-into-5cqqhmc0v9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tyrosine-plotted-against-gly-ala-ratio-non-aged-na-3apejwj7.png Fig. 5. Tyrosine plotted against Gly/Ala ratio: non-aged (NA), thermal-aged (exposure A) and light-exposed (exposure B) samples of undyed (squares), cochineal-dyed ( R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-single-column-fitting-image-pca-scores-from-uhplc-fl-3ptlc9sg.png Fig. 6. (single-column fitting image) PCA scores from UHPLC-FL chromatograms, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-colour-differences-e-of-silk-strips-after-thermal-1f1a5kr7.png Fig. 1. Colour differences ( E*) of silk strips after thermal (exposure A) and light ( https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-representative-absorption-bands-in-silk-spectra-with-2a72f6xx.png Table 2 Representative absorption bands in silk spectra, with respective assignments [16,26,32,46]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-exposure-and-rh-t-and-oxygen-ambient-a-low-2i6q55qa.png Table 1 Types of exposure and RH/T and oxygen (ambient (A), low (L) and high (H)) registered inside the pouches – unregistered data notated as not available (n.a.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pca-scores-from-ftir-spectra-representing-91-of-total-3lg2sl2k.png Fig. 4. PCA scores from FTIR spectra, representing 91% of total data variance: nonaged (NA), thermal-aged (A) and light-exposed (B) samples of undyed (squares), cochineal-dyed (circles) and BZN f26 (triangles) silk, submitted to ambient (A), low https://scispace.com/papers/frost-flower-formation-on-sea-ice-and-lake-ice-46rs60ky9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-to-figure-3a-1t7fuezx.png Table 1. Key to Figure 3a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-results-showing-the-relative-2bdbw5we.png Figure 4. Experimental results showing the relative humidities r1/rsat(T1) and temperature differences T1 Ti between the atmosphere and the ice surface at which: no evidence of supersaturation was observed (plusses); there was evidence of supersaturation but no frost flowers formed (circles); or frost flowers were observed on the ice surface (crosses). The solid curve shows the prediction of equation (5) with parameter values ML = 5.09 104 J mol 1, R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1 and T1 = 272 K, giving m = 22.5. The dashed curve is an empirical fit to the data corresponding to equation (5) with m 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-field-of-frost-flowers-photographed-during-the-nrnb5ucs.png Figure 1. (a) A field of frost flowers photographed during the SHEBA expedition (1997). (b) A single frost flower on a refrozen ice hole on Adventfjord Svalbard. (c) Frost flowers on the surface of freshwater ice in our cold room. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-environmental-conditions-of-relative-humidity-32g9jqgs.png Figure 3. The environmental conditions of relative humidity r1/rsat(T1) and temperature difference T1 Ti between the atmosphere and an ice surface under which different evaporation/sublimation processes can occur, as described in Table 1. Values used are ML = 5.09 104 J mol 1, R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1 and T1 = 271 K, giving m = 22.6. A qualitatively similar diagram applies to a water/air interface, for which ML = 4.5 104 J mol 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-temperature-t-and-vapour-26o9l3vw.png Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the temperature T and vapour density r in the air above ice sublimating into a relatively cold, dry atmosphere. The dashed curve indicates the saturation vapour density rsat(T) and shows that a region of supersaturation can develop above the ice into which frost flowers can grow. https://scispace.com/papers/frost-flowers-in-the-laboratory-growth-characteristics-4acb3kwwyn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-salinity-of-artificial-frost-flowers-black-crosses-hkt4385y.png Figure 5. Salinity of artificial frost flowers (black crosses) and brine (gray squares) grown on ice formed by freezing water with initial salinities of 0 to 40‰ where error bars show 1 standard deviation of repeat measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frost-flowers-growing-on-the-surface-of-newly-39wuwli3.png Figure 1. Frost flowers growing on the surface of newly formed ice near Halley in Antarctica (courtesy R. Ladkin, BAS). Flowers are several centimeters tall and often extend large distances from the coast as here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measurements-of-the-specific-surface-area-of-frost-k01d51o5.png Table 3. Measurements of the Specific Surface Area of Frost Flowers Sampled in November 2009a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photograph-of-frost-flowers-growing-on-the-surface-2kynwsj9.png Figure 6. Photograph of frost flowers growing on the surface of sea ice in the tank, with the chamber air at −50°C, on 30 September 2009. This picture was taken 24 h after the start of the run. The ice surface formed after 9 h, and flowers first formed after 10.3 h. The picture shows a scene of about 20 by 12 cm and is from file 1459 of the sequence. Significant contrast enhancement has been used on this image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-particle-density-in-grimm-channel-10-4-5-mm-nystbhh3.png Figure 11. Particle density in Grimm channel 10 (4.5 mm diameter, 1 mm wide) while testing uplift of talcum powder from the water tank. If the initial aerosol filters were left in place upwind of the water tank, flow was too slow at <2 m/s to cause uplift. After removing the filters, there was always a surge of ambient aerosol for a fewminutes after activating the aerosol sample line, but there was a sixfold increase if talcum powder was present and the wind was 3.3 m/s or more. The time axis is in days and spans about 2.5 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-the-seawater-tank-and-housing-in-the-cold-3ak3vn3m.png Figure 2. Sketch of the seawater tank and housing in the cold room at Leeds. The tank was 1.5 m × 0.8 m, with 0.2 m of water depth and 25 cm of head space. The tank wasmade of stainless steel and the housing was made of Plexiglass. Fans and filters for recirculating air were mounted at one end, with flexible ducting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-time-lapse-photographs-of-a-part-of-a-frost-flower-bxin5o4y.png Figure 8. Time‐lapse photographs of a part of a frost flower growing in the laboratory, and shrinking as it contacts the brine‐laden surface. Photographs are at intervals of 10, 22 and 3 min respectively, so that the part of the flower growing in the center of Figures 8a to 8c disappears rapidly between Figures 8c and 8d. Each photograph shows a scene of about 0.9 by 1.5 cm. The sequence started 19 h after freezing commenced, with an air temperature of −50°C, on 20 July 2009. The ice surface formed after 8.5 h. Figure 8a is from file 1164 of the sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-lapse-photographs-of-frost-flowers-growing-on-5bmab0cb.png Figure 7. Time‐lapse photographs of frost flowers growing on the surface of sea ice in the tank, with the chamber air at −50°C, on 30 September 2009. Looking at the large lower frost flower at the white arrow, the base of the flower is less dendritic than its top, consistent with a smaller specific surface area at the base as in Table 3. The process is more pronounced following the smaller flowers at red and yellow arrows. As the flowers grow with time, so does the amount that is less dendritic. These pictures are at intervals of 90 and 150 min, respectively, (a) the first being 20 h after the start of the run. The ice surface formed after 9 h, and flowers first formed after 10.3 h. Each picture shows a scene of about 10 by 14 cm. Figure 7a is from file 1219 of the sequence. https://scispace.com/papers/fuel-preprocessor-fpp-for-a-solid-oxide-fuel-cell-auxiliary-2o9c7onx6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fpp-results-for-various-fuels-20-top-cut-mwjn0os3.png Table 1- FPP results for various fuels (20% top cut) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-fpp-specifications-and-actual-3seq1z3b.png Table 4- Comparison of FPP Specifications and Actual Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fpp-results-for-three-diesel-fuels-20-top-cut-f6eqejxe.png Table 2- FPP Results for three diesel fuels (20% top cut) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-improvements-in-fpp-due-to-design-changes-21972qj0.png Table 3- Improvements in FPP due to design changes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-original-concentration-profile-on-rotten-robbie-38msm6ba.png Figure 8: Original concentration profile on Rotten Robbie diesel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fpp-processed-fuel-profile-20-top-cut-3jg5f8zp.png Figure 9: FPP processed fuel profile (20% top cut) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reflux-ratio-vs-column-height-shtjn5t7.png Figure 3. Reflux ratio vs. Column Height https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-relation-between-total-sulfur-reduction-and-2nbzkhu7.png Figure 10. Relation between Total Sulfur Reduction % and absolute values with Diesel light end% cut https://scispace.com/papers/fuel-cycle-parameters-of-sodium-cooled-fast-breeders-3ftfgnkgt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-oei7i981.png FIGURE 30. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-shows-both-t-h-e-flow-of-information-i-n-t-h-e-31j6jk2e.png Figure 26 shows both t h e flow of information i n t h e model and t h e codes used. The model has t h e following c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-k-i-l-o-g-r-a-m-s-fabricated-eaci1-year-refope-3a8jni3w.png TABLE 5 K I L O G R A M S FABRICATED EACI1 YEAR ( REFOPE LOSSES ) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-e-f-f-e-c-t-of-exposure-on-f-u-e-l-cycle-costs-for-iz457bg9.png FIGURE 17. E F F E C T OF EXPOSURE ON F U E L CYCLE COSTS FOR VARIOUS FABRICATION COSTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-both-the-dependent-and-independent-costs-2d8hhkte.png Figure 2 shows both the dependent and independent costs plotted against https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reactor-properties-t-a-l-e-2za000h0.png TABLE 4 REACTOR PROPERTIES T A ~ L E https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-fuel-cycle-cost-as-a-function-of-reprocessing-cost-2sayx6j5.png FIGURE 20. FUEL CYCLE COST AS A FUNCTION OF REPROCESSING COST https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-the-number-of-reactor-regions-on-breeder-1lzp323n.png FIGURE 5 EFFECT OF THE NUMBER OF REACTOR REGIONS ON BREEDER REACTOR DOUBLING https://scispace.com/papers/fulde-ferrell-larkin-ovchinnikov-state-in-the-dimensional-20ulbukm7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-phase-diagram-of-the-3d-coupled-chain-1tmxlqoy.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Phase diagram of the 3D coupled-chain Hubbard model. The particle densities n↑,↓ and the order parameter are calculated as a function of the interchain coupling and the polarization at zero temperature. (a) The oscillation amplitude 0 of the order parameter and the density difference n↑ − n↓ at the trap center. The phases at the trap center can be divided into three: the fully paired superfluid (SF) (n↑ = n↓, = 0), FFLO (oscillating n and ), and normal ( = 0) phases. (b) Phases I–III associated with the shell structures in the trap, explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-polarized-superfluid-phase-at-finite-temperature-for-1gsebk1p.png FIG. 3. Polarized superfluid phase at finite temperature. For interchain coupling t⊥ = 0.3, the profiles at temperature T = 0.05 are compared with those at T = 0 for the particle densities n↑,↓ and the order parameter along the chain sites i. At polarization (a) P 0.09, corresponding to phase II, the structure of the FFLO core surrounded by fully paired shoulders found at T = 0 is completely changed into the polarized superfluid phase with a uniform order parameter at T = 0.05. The order parameter oscillations at the edges are still observed at T = 0.05. In contrast, at a higher polarization (b) P 0.14, corresponding to phase III, similar FFLO characteristics are identified at both temperatures T = 0.05 and T = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-fflo-oscillations-in-the-1d-3d-2bv24051.png FIG. 2. Evolution of the FFLO oscillations in the 1D-3D crossover. The profiles of the particle densities n↑,↓ and the order parameter along the chain sites i are presented for the two regimes of interchain couplings (a) t⊥ = 0.2 (quasi-1D) and (b) t⊥ = 0.5 (quasi-3D). In the quasi-1D regime, for small polarization P = 0.04, the FFLO-type oscillations at the center are surrounded by the fully paired shoulders. The region of oscillating develops from the center, expands toward the edges as P increases, and then emerges over the whole area for P = 0.13. On the contrary, in the quasi-3D regime, the oscillations are initially at the partially polarized intermediate regions and spread toward the center as P increases. At finite interchain couplings, the far edges of the trap are always polarized. In (c), the evolution of the oscillation envelope of is shown with increasing P at t⊥ = 0.2 in the quasi-1D regime. Uniform oscillations occur along the trap at an intermediate polarization. https://scispace.com/papers/full-counting-statistics-of-transient-energy-current-in-12wtge805q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-transient-energy-current-of-the-left-lead-for-a-3h1x406x.png FIG. 4. (a) Transient energy current of the left lead for a singleQD system with W = 50 which is initially unoccupied (black solid line), half occupied (red solid line), and fully occupied (blue solid line). The dark yellow solid line represents IEL,in(t) in Eq. (46) for the fully occupied case. (b) Transient energy current of the left lead for a double-QD system with v = 2 which is initially unoccupied (black solid line), only fully occupied for 1 (red solid line) or 2 (green solid line), and fully occupied for both energy levels (blue solid line). The dark yellow and orange solid lines represent IEL,in(t) for the case that only 1 and 2 is fully occupied, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-logarithmic-plot-of-the-maximum-amplitude-of-the-3rk2x3qe.png FIG. 3. The logarithmic plot of the maximum amplitude of the normalized transient energy cumulants Cn(t)/C1(t) versus n at short times for different system parameters for (a) different 0 with W = 50 and (b) different bandwidth W with 0 = 5 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-first-b-second-c-third-and-d-fourth-cumulants-of-320rjcqd.png FIG. 1. (a) First, (b) second, (c) third, and (d) fourth cumulants of transferred energy with different bandwidth W in the left lead for a single-QD system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-derivative-of-a-first-b-second-c-3third-and-d-3j8mv7rh.png FIG. 2. Time derivative of (a) first, (b) second, (c) 3third, and (d) fourth cumulants of transferred energy with different bandwidth W in the left lead for a single-QD system. Inset: Transmission coefficients of the single-QD system with different bandwidth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-first-b-second-c-third-and-d-fourth-cumulants-of-36abga41.png FIG. 5. (a) First, (b) second, (c) third, and (d) fourth cumulants of transferred energy with different coupling constant v in the left lead for a double-QD system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-derivative-of-a-first-b-second-c-third-and-d-2cbhqesy.png FIG. 6. Time derivative of (a) first, (b) second, (c) third, and (d) fourth cumulants of transferred energy with different coupling constant v in the left lead for a double-QD system. Inset: Transmission coefficients of the double-QD system with different coupling constant. https://scispace.com/papers/fully-coupled-two-phase-flow-and-poromechanics-modeling-of-4nsrnsq9g6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-impacts-of-youngs-modulus-on-the-a-cbm-and-water-26dnuhcg.png Fig. 13. Impacts of Young’s modulus on the (a) CBM and water production rate (b) permeability ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-analytical-and-numerical-results-for-the-zcjelqzp.png Fig. 4. Comparison of analytical and numerical results for the 1-D Terzaghi’s consolidation problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-of-cbm-and-water-production-through-a-2nhxpe4f.png Fig. 1. Conceptual model of CBM and water production through a vertical well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temporal-evolution-of-the-pore-pressure-p-water-6ric9d1l.png Fig. 9. Temporal evolution of the pore pressure p , water saturation Sw , mean effective https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-cbm-and-water-production-rate-b-permeability-ratio-19dss4ss.png Fig. 10. (a) CBM and water production rate (b) permeability ratio versus time with different permeability models. https://scispace.com/papers/full-waveform-inversion-for-seismic-velocity-and-anelastic-4ua18y8drt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-target-shear-wave-velocity-profile-b-target-su5fr7ys.png Figure 4. (a) Target shear-wave velocity profile; (b) target damping model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-cg-and-gauss-newton-iterations-for-3ndxuvys.png Table 2 Number of CG and Gauss–Newton Iterations for Consecutive Stages of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-q-versus-vs-relationship-data-from-the-last-2ueug9k4.png Figure 3. Q versus VS relationship data from the last iteration (the pink curve is the best-fit curve given in equation 15). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-receiver-and-nonreceiver-grid-points-on-the-1lb16p9z.png Figure 8. (a) Receiver and nonreceiver grid points on the surface shown only partially for clarity. (b) Target and inverted displacement time histories. (c) Target and inverted velocity time histories (receiver, red curve; nonreceiver, green curve; inverted time histories, blue curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-target-and-inverted-q-models-373pav24.png Figure 12. Comparison of target and inverted Q models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-numerical-performance-of-the-two-variable-inversion-q1xtqhoc.png Table 3 Numerical Performance of the Two-Variable Inversion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-inverted-shear-velocity-profiles-for-the-2kxbi6px.png Figure 6. Inverted shear velocity profiles for the consecutive stages of the multilevel inversion algorithm (VS in m=sec). The last image (bottom right-hand corner) shows the target profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-target-versus-inverted-ground-velocity-time-history-1cbkr5mc.png Figure 7. Target versus inverted ground velocity time history for the consecutive stages of the multiscale inversion algorithm at a location 8.75 km from the left end of the domain (target time history, blue line; inverted time history, red line). https://scispace.com/papers/fully-enclosed-microfluidic-paper-based-analytical-devices-d3vftfnlsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-capillary-wicking-in-fully-enclosed-channels-a-the-3ovfttav.png Figure 2. Capillary wicking in fully enclosed channels. (A) The device used for the wicking experiments. The three channels were 8 cm in length and 2 mm in width. The channels were enclosed with zero (0 toner), four (4 toner), or six (6 toner) layers of toner, respectively. (B−E) Images of the results from wicking experiments 5 and 25 min after dipping the bottom of the device into a reservoir of aqueous blue dye. The experiments were carried out at 53% and 100% relative humidity. Up to 5 min after starting the experiment, all channels had virtually identical results. After 25 min, large differences in the distance that each fluid wicked were evident. (F) Results of the wicking experiments plotted as distance vs time. Each point on the graph represents the average of six experiments. The error bars represent the 95% confidence interval. The inset shows the distance plotted vs the square root of time to illustrate that the experiments at 100% relative humidity follow the Washburn equation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determining-the-number-of-layers-of-toner-required-2mae8vr3.png Table 1. Determining the Number of Layers of Toner Required To Form an Impermeable Layer on Papera https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fabrication-of-fully-enclosed-micropads-a-cross-7delv7be.png Figure 1. Fabrication of fully enclosed microPADs. (A) Cross sections of microPADs during the four steps required to fabricate fully enclosed channels. The channels in the device were enclosed by wax barriers on the left and right and by toner on the top and bottom. (B) A device after it was patterned by wax printing. The device has a single sample inlet that leads to three test zones via reagent-storage zones. (C) The same device shown in panel B after adding 1 μL of aqueous solutions of red, yellow, and green dyes to the reagent-storage zone. (D) A fully enclosed microPAD after sealing the top of the device shown in panel C with toner. (E) The same device shown in panel D after adding 20 μL of water to the sample inlet. The water wicked through the reagentstorage zones where it dissolved the dyes and carried them into the test zones. The red dashed lines indicate the locations where the cross sections shown in panel A were taken. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fully-enclosed-micropads-for-detecting-glucose-and-2ttpn31z.png Figure 4. Fully enclosed microPADs for detecting glucose and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The channels within the device are identical to those shown in Figure 1B. (A) A fully enclosed microPAD with a sample inlet and holes over the test zones. (B) A 20 μL sample containing 10 mM glucose and 500 U/L ALP is added to the device. (C) The device is labeled with a pen. (D) The device displaying the results of the assays. (E) A fully enclosed microPAD with yellow toner enclosing the test zones and sample inlet. (F) The bottom of the device is cut off with scissors to expose the sample inlet. (G) The bottom of the device is dipped into a drop of sample. (H) The device displaying the results of the assays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-enclosing-reagents-with-toner-a-the-device-used-to-3fl2jk30.png Figure 3. Enclosing reagents with toner. (A) The device used to measure the effect of the printing process on the reagents for the glucose assay. The reagents were spotted and dried in the reagentstorage zone before being enclosed with toner. (B) A device with four layers of toner over the reagent-storage zones. (C) A device with reagent-addition ports. The reagents were added to the device through the reagent-addition ports after fabricating the device. Images shown in panels A−C were taken after running the assays with 200 mM glucose. (D) Results from the enzyme survival experiments. Enzymes added through the reagent-addition port (print cycles = 0) retained 100% of their initial activity. When the enzymes pass through the printer (print cycles = 1 or 4), the activity of the enzymes was reduced to 10% of the initial activity regardless of whether toner is printed over the reagents or not. Without trehalose, the activity of the enzymes was reduced to 3% of the initial activity. Each bar represents the average of eight experiments, and the error bars represent the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/papers/function-decomposition-and-synthesis-using-linear-sifting-urwhwo8aam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linear-decomposition-13bmck8t.png Figure 1: Linear decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-induction-ideas-3kxe28f7.png Figure 6: Induction ideas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-zdd-for-the-adder-kfjx7dyx.png Figure 7: ZDD for the adder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reference-results-from-3-d1um34je.png Figure 3: Reference results from [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-from-separate-mapping-2iqgefol.png Figure 4: Results from separate mapping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-results-36iwzg87.png Figure 2: Experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-symbolic-synthesis-idea-and-results-38h3plu1.png Figure 5: Symbolic synthesis: Idea and results. https://scispace.com/papers/fully-resolved-simulations-of-single-char-particle-1p3aha92q5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reaction-kinetic-constants-1021-3taxhgo7.png Table 1 Reaction kinetic constants 1021 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-local-consumption-or-production-rate-of-1idobdyu.png Figure 15. The local consumption or production rate of different species 970 971 972 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-averaged-concentration-of-o2-and-co2-under-rioaxynb.png Figure 10. The averaged concentration of O2 and CO2 under different Reps 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-l2-norms-computed-at-different-grid-levels-692-693-120mpekb.png Figure 2. L2-norms computed at different grid levels 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-influence-of-reynolds-number-on-averaged-20ne36hh.png Figure 11. The influence of Reynolds number on averaged transportation 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-carbon-burning-rate-at-different-surface-1qp154k8.png Figure 6. Carbon burning rate at different surface temperatures 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-distribution-of-convective-and-diffusive-da-number-ng5chsku.png Figure 14. Distribution of convective and diffusive Da number along x at y=0 964 965 966 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-evolution-of-the-graphite-rod-during-hlvi2m41.png Figure 5. Temperature evolution of the graphite rod during combustion 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 https://scispace.com/papers/functional-assessments-of-pten-variants-using-machine-4sdkpljn5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-sample-images-from-training-augmentation-the-2pj6q7wx.png Figure 4. (A) Sample images from training augmentation. The original image (top left) underwent di erent brightness and contrast (bc) adjustments, color inversion ( ip color), noise addition and rotation. (B) The precision and recall performances of the Azure object detection model before and after training augmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-functional-details-of-image-pre-processing-and-2z1ytkbw.png Figure 3. Functional details of image pre-processing and quality control. (A) Laplacian variance is used as a focus measure operator to di erentiate blurry and in-focus images. (B and C) Artifacts such as air bubbles or overexposed cells interfere with focus measure calculations and are further processed to obtain accurate focus measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-representative-images-of-the-three-pten-gw1epwwd.png Figure 6. (A) Representative images of the three PTEN localization classes that were used to train the nal classi cation model on Azure. (B) Results of automated phenotype scoring for wildtype PTEN and seven variants. (C) LOF scores for the same variants as in (B) taken from a previously published spheroid assay. (D) Scatter plot showing the correlations between the LOF scores and the percentage of cells with nuclear PTEN for the seven tested variants. The best t line is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-work-ow-for-expressing-and-visualizing-variants-2osyv0gp.png Figure 1. (A) Work ow for expressing and visualizing variants via immuno uorescence and high-content microscopy. (B) Work ow for the MAPS software: (1) Images acquired by high-content microscopy are rst pre-processed for quality control (see Figure 3). (2) The rst deep neuro network (DNN-1) detects individual cells, giving rise to an initial cell collection (see Figure 4). (3) Feature extraction and 2D manifold embedding help identify unique phenotypes and eliminate outliers (see Figure 5). (4) DNN-2 performs automated phenotype scoring (see Figure 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-feature-extraction-and-manifold-projection-3gg1c6fk.png Figure 5. Feature extraction and manifold projection techniques to assist phenotype discovery. (A) Work ow for feature extraction by parallelly stacking convolutional layers followed by attening them. (B) The attened layer then underwent dimensionality reduction by t-SNE into 2 components and projected onto a 2D scatter plot. Spectral clustering was applied to nd the decision boundaries, and original images of the inputs were also plotted onto the scatter plot. (C) Work ow for feature learning by using a deep autoencoder. Left, schematics of an autoencoder, but only the encoder portion was used to https://scispace.com/papers/functional-and-phenotypic-differences-of-pure-populations-of-4cmu9qocn7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rapid-generation-of-nonproliferating-mature-3s4x48b3.png FIGURE 1: Rapid generation of nonproliferating, mature astrocytes from neural stem cells. (A) A heterogeneous population of “neural stem cells” (d7NSC) was generated within 7 days by spontaneous differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (mESC). Selective pas saging (at least 8 12 times) in the presence of 20 ng/mL EGF and FGF2 on gelatine produced a homogeneous population of NSC that could be frozen for later use or maintained by further passaging. Transfer of the cells to poly ornithin/laminin (P/L) coated dishes and exposure to BMP4 (20 ng/mL) resulted in the generation of murine astrocytes generated from mESC (mAGES). (B and C) For measure ments of gene expression by qPCR, mRNA was prepared from mAGES (after 5 days of differentiation), NSC or primary murine astro cytes. All data are given in fold difference (x fold) relative to the housekeeping gene Gapdh (note logarithmic axis scaling). The horizontal brackets in the plots indicate the fold difference of mAGES vs. NSC (B) Nestin, Blbp (FABP7, brain lipid binding protein), Olig2 (oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor; neuroectodermal marker), Glul (Glutamine synthetase) and Glast (Slc1A3; glutamate transporter) were used as NSC markers; (C) Gfap (glial fibrillary acidic protein), S100b (S100beta), Aqp4 (aquaporin), Glt 1 (Slc1A2, glu tamate transporter), and Aldh1L1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase) were used as astrocyte markers (D) NSC were exposed to 20 ng/mL BMP4 and left to differentiate to mAGES. At the times indicated, mRNA was prepared to quantify the expression of marker genes by qPCR. All data are given relative to the expression in NSC (log10 scaled), based on the DDCT method. Data are means6SEM from three experi ments (some error bars are smaller than the symbols). ***P<0.0001; **P<0.001; *P<0.01 (one way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test). (E) NSC and mAGES (3 days old) were incubated with the nucleoside analogue EdU (10 mM) for 48 h, before cells were fixed. Then, EdU incorporation was visualized by immunocytochemistry, and nuclei were counterstained with H 33342 (note that EdU staining (dark green) appears yellow to green, depending on the strength of the always underlying H 33342 (red) stain) (F) The number of nuclei that were EdU positive were counted in NSC and mAGES cultures by an automated screening microscope (1,000 nuclei/condition). The data displayed are means6SEMs from three independent experiments. In mAGES cultures less than 1 cell per condition was found to be EdU positive (<0.1%). [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-similarities-and-differences-of-nsc-and-mages-3e3vds59.png FIGURE 7: Similarities and differences of NSC and mAGES concerning metabolic processes related to the glutamate glutamine cycle. (A) NSC, mAGES (5 days old), and primary astrocytes were incubated with glutamate (10 mM, radiolabeled (3H) with 0.12 mCi/well) in PBS for 8 minutes. After 3 rapid washing steps with PBS, cells were lysed and the cellular glutamate content was measured using a scintilla tion counter. The uptake data were normalized to mAGES as 100% reference point. (B) Schematic representation of 13C incorporation into glutamate and glutamine from D [1 13C] glucose: the carbon skeleton of selected metabolites is shown. Direct metabolism of glu cose to pyruvate &cenveo unknown entity wingdings F0E0; acetyl CoA &cenveo unknown entity wingdings F0E0; citrate &cenveo unknown entity wingdings F0E0; a keto glutarate can lead to the formation of glutamine with one 13C atom incorporated at positon C4 (M11). Use of the already singly labeled tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite [2 13C] oxaloacetate in the citrate synthase reaction can lead to the formation of double labeled [2,3 13C] citrate. This can then be further metabolized to double labeled a keto glutarate, [3,4 13C] glutamate and [3,4 13C] glutamine (M12). (C) Cells (mAGES/NSC) were plated in six well plates at a density of 500,000 cells/well for mAGES and 80,000 cells/well for NSC. After 48 h (5 days for mAGES), medium was changed to glucose free medium supplemented with 10 mM D [1 13C] glucose with either 2 mM glutamine (Gln) or no Gln. Supernatants and cell extracts were harvested at 0.3, 3, 12, and 24 h. 13C incorporation into glutamine was measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) in NSC and mAGES cell extracts. Isotopomer fractional enrichment (i.e., the percentage of the respective isotopomer of the total gluta mine pool) was measured over time for M11 (5glutamine with one 13C), and M12 (5glutamine with two 13C atoms). It is displayed here for the 12 h incubation (5steady state level). (D) Experiments were performed as in (C) and supernatants were harvested at 12 h. Glutamine concentrations were measured by HPLC. The overall protein content was measured in pellets of cell extracts, and the uptake or release rate were calculated (similar results were obtained at 24 h). All data are means6SEMs from three independent experiments, *P<0.01 (One way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test). [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonli nelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-continued-28dxr7mu.png FIGURE 4: (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-differences-in-metabolic-flux-between-nsc-and-mages-2xy0uqak.png FIGURE 6: Differences in metabolic flux between NSC and mAGES. (A) Schematic representation of 13C incorporation into citrate from D [1 13C] glucose. The carbon skeleton of selected metabolites is shown. Citrate can incorporate 13C at one carbon position (M11), which is C2, from condensation of [2 13C] acetyl CoA with unlabeled oxaloacetate. The M12 citrate isotopomer is generated, when [2 13C] citrate is used in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to generate [2 13C] oxaloacetate, which condenses with [2 13C] acetyl CoA, yielding double labeled [2,3 13C] citrate. NB: Not shown here is that citrate might alternatively be labeled at C4 depending on label position in oxaloace tate at C3 (due to symmetric structure of fumarate). (B) Cells (mAGES/NSC) were plated in 6 well plates at a density of 500,000 cells/well for mAGES and 80,000 cells/well for NSC. After 48 h (5 days for mAGES), medium was changed to glucose free medium supplemented 10 mM D [1 13C] glucose. Supernatant as well as cell extracts were harvested at indicated time points. 13C incorporation into citrate was measured in NSC and mAGES cell extracts after derivatization and analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS). Iso topomer fractional enrichment above natural abundance of 1.2% (i.e., the percentage of the respective isotopomer of the total citrate pool) was measured for M11 (5citrate with one 13C), and M12 (5citrate with two 13C atoms). (C) Experiments were performed as in (B) and citrate concentrations were measured in the supernatants of NSC and mAGES using 1H NMR spectroscopy. For comparison, data from cortical astrocyte cultures were included. The overall protein content was measured in pellets of cell extracts, and the citrate release was normalized accordingly. (D) Experiments were performed as in (B) and serine, leucine, and isoleucine were measured in NSC and mAGES supernatants by HPLC. The overall protein content was measured in pellets of cell extracts, and amino acid uptake or release rates were calculated. All data are means6SEM from duplicate determinations in three independent experiments. ***P<0.001 (One way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test). [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-summary-of-differences-and-similarities-between-nsc-1k9qjv7j.png FIGURE 9: Summary of differences and similarities between NSC and mAGES. NSC (blue) and mAGES (red) show functional differences as well as similarities (intersection, purple). Gene expression profiles based on microarray profiling are listed below. The specific marker genes suggested below are (i) known NSC or astrocyte markers (see Fig. 4E); (ii) had a logarithmic mean expression value higher than 4 in one of the cell types (to avoid genes with borderline expression); (iii) and showed a difference in their logarithmic mean expression values (mAGES vs. NSC) higher than 1.8 (3.48 fold difference). “New genes” comprise the top DEG between NSC and mAGES, which were validated by qPCR. *: genes labelled with asterisk were found here to show expression differences of 3.5 fold between mAGES and NSC, but they have previously been discussed as potential markers for the other cell type than the one listed here (i.e., their specifi cation was revised by our study). [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-correlation-of-mages-microarray-profiles-with-23fae1a6.png FIGURE 5: Correlation of mAGES microarray profiles with published data on astrocytes and other brain cell types. (A) The heatmap shows the Spearman correlation coefficient between NSC and mAGES (vertical axis) and data published by Cahoy et al. (2008) on pri mary astrocytes, neurons, or oligodendrocytes, isolated at different postnatal days (horizontal axis). (B) The heatmap shows the Spear man correlation coefficient between mAGES (vertical axis) and data from Doyle et al. (2008) on primary astrocytes from different brain regions, neurons, or oligodendrocytes (horizontal axis). The Spearman correlation was performed over the 94 selected genes (Fig. 4E). Blue color represents low correlation and red color high correlation (highest red value50.8 in both cases). Samples are grouped by cell type across both studies; within the sample groups, the ordering was determined by a standard average linkage hierarchical clustering using the Euclidean distance metric. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-metabolic-features-of-mages-vs-nsc-a-cells-8i6nkddd.png FIGURE 2: General metabolic features of mAGES vs. NSC. (A) Cells (mAGES/NSC) were plated in six well plates at a density of 500,000 cells/well for mAGES and 80,000 cells/well for NSC. After 48 h (5 days for mAGES) the plating medium was changed, and cells were cultured further in medium containing either 2 mM glutamine (Gln) or no Gln. At the times indicated, medium was removed, cells were lysed and the protein content was measured. (B) The experiment was performed as in (A), and at the times indicated the percentage of LDH released from the cells into the medium was measured as cell death parameter. (C and D) The glucose concentration or lactate concentration in the medium of NSC and mAGES cultures was measured over time, and the overall protein content of the cultures was determined. From these data, normalized uptake/release rates were calcu lated. Data presented are means6SEMs of three separate experiments. (E) The central carbon metabolism was schemati cally summarized to indicate that the uptake of 1 mol of glucose would result in the average release of 2 mol lactate, if only gly colytic catabolism was involved; and less than 2 mol lactate if some of the glucose metabolites were used in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) to produce CO2. (F) The data from (C1D) were used to calculate the lactate to glucose ratio of NSC and mAGES metabolism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-response-of-mages-but-not-nsc-to-inflammatory-skr2nw2x.png FIGURE 8: Response of mAGES, but not NSC, to inflammatory stimulation. (A) NSC and 5 days old mAGES were exposed to complete cytokine mix (CCM, 10 ng/mL TNFa, 10 ng/mL IL 1b, and 20 ng/mL IFNc) for 30 min. Then, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and immuno stained for the p65 unit of the inflammatory transcription factor NF jB (NFkB). Nuclei were counterstained with H 33342. The ratio of NFkB in the cytosol and the nucleus was measured in NSC and mAGES cultures by an automated screening microscope (1,000 nuclei/ condition) and an image data processing procedure based on a validated algorithm. The percentage of cells with NFkB translocation into the nuclei was calculated and presented. See Supporting Information Fig. S17 for representative images. (B) NFkB translocation was determined as in (A) for mAGES exposed to CCM or its single components for 30 min. (C) Primary astrocytes and mAGES were stimulated with CCM, and mRNA was isolated 4 h later from control and stimulated cells. The expression of three inflammatory markers (IL 6; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) was analyzed by qPCR. Data are given for CCM exposed cells rela tive to the expression in unstimulated control cells. (D) mAGES were exposed to CCM for 8 h. Supernatants were harvested, and IL 6 protein was measured by ELISA. All data are means6SEMs from three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/functional-breadth-and-home-field-advantage-generate-452jnvx4fa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-non-metric-multidimensional-scaling-nmds-ordination-35wc4we7.png Fig. 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination based on Bray-Curtis distances 828 of (A) microbial community composition (stress = 0.22) and (B) enzymes (stress = 0.06). 829 Different symbols represent the different types of soil: cropland (grey circles), forest (black 830 squares), grassland (white triangles), and plantation (dark grey diamonds). The lines correspond 831 to the distance between the calculated centroid and the projection of the different samples per 832 soil. The ellipses represent the average projection area of the samples from the centroid of each 833 soil. 834 835 Fig. 4. Parameter estimates of the net cumulative carbon mineralisation calculated using the new 836 approach developed by Keiser et al. (2014) for (A) LQ, (B) FB, and (C) HFA. LQ relates to the 837 relative ability of each different litter to be mineralized by all the decomposer communities used 838 in our experiment. FB quantifies the overall functional ability of each decomposer community. 839 HFA estimates the interaction between the litter decomposition and the decomposer communities 840 in each ecosystem. 841 842 Fig. 5. Correlations between the parameter estimates of sugar mass loss as a function of the net 843 integrated enzymatic activity, which was calculated using the model presented in Fig. 4. The 844 parameter estimates represent the expected parietal sugar mass loss or enzymatic synthesis for 845 either FB (white symbols) or HFA (grey symbols): cropland (circles), forest (squares), grassland 846 (triangles), and plantation (diamonds). The parietal sugar mass loss is the mean of all of the 847 monosaccharides in the cell wall: L-arabinose, D-glucose, D-xylose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose, 848 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagrams-of-the-interactions-between-litter-1ktlqr7c.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams of the interactions between litter quality and soil microbial 804 communities during decomposition as expected when considering (A) the initial litter quality 805 (LQ) hypothesis: carbon mineralisation throughout decomposition is a function of initial litter 806 quality, with the most labile litters showing the highest carbon mineralisation rates in all 807 environments; (B) the functional breadth hypothesis (FB): decomposer communities from 808 recalcitrant ecosystems have a wider functional ability to decompose a wide range of chemical 809 compounds, with all litter types showing the highest carbon mineralisation rates in 810 poor/recalcitrant litter environments; and (C) the home-field advantage (HFA) hypothesis: 811 decomposer communities are locally adapted to their own litter, with each litter type 812 decomposing fastest in an area dominated by the plant species from which it was derived than in 813 an area dominated by another plant species. Based on the degree of recalcitrance of plant cell 814 walls that varied strongly between Gramineae and woody plant species, and on the nitrogen 815 content that was almost threefold higher in the grassland litter compared with the cropland litter, 816 we defined the relative ranking of litter quality as following: F. arundinacea, T. aestivum, R. 817 pseudoacacia and F. sylvatica. The + sign indicates that the carbon mineralisation rate is higher 818 for the plant-soil interactions, which are illustrated by arrows in the different panels. All + signs 819 represent patterns of variation rather than absolute values. 820 821 Fig. 2. Raw cumulative carbon mineralisation obtained for each (A) litter type and (B) soil type. 822 Each point represents a mean across all types of soils or among the different litters under 823 decomposition at a given time. Priming effect obtained after the addition of 13C labelled flax 824 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-803-2315bmct.png Figures 803 https://scispace.com/papers/functional-categories-in-macaque-frontal-eye-field-4q5isz45hx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-analysis-pipelines-left-dendrograms-krjxdawd.png Figure 6. Comparison of analysis pipelines. Left: Dendrograms from cluster pipelines 2 (right) and 3 (left). They are shown side-by-side to highlight the similarities and differences in the respect categories. The dendrogram for cluster pipeline 3 is identical to the dendrogram in this figure. The dendrogram for cluster pipeline 2 shows the same results as in Figure 5; however, the vertical arrangement was reordered so that common units are horizontally aligned in both dendrograms. Where common colors are horizontally aligned, units were assigned to the same category. Where different colors are horizontally aligned, units were assigned to different categories. Although horizontal alignment of some dendrogram elements is evident, the disagreement between the two dendrograms is more prominent. The extent and nature of this disagreement is illustrated in the expanded view of the dendrogram on the right. SDFs of four representative units are shown. Through analysis of pipeline 3, all four units were placed in category 2c, which characterized by a pronounced visual response and weak perisaccadic suppression (left dendrogram). Through analysis of pipeline 2, three of the units were placed in category 6b, which is characterized by a pronounced visual response and weak perisaccadic suppression (red, right dendrogram), whereas the unit shown at the upper right was placed in category 1b, which is characterized by a weak visual response and no perisaccadic modulation (blue, right dendrogram). Thus, the two analysis pipelines provide overlapping, but far from identical, categorizations. Which categorization is correct is uncertain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-relation-to-traditional-classification-the-35m49uqx.png Figure 9. Relation to traditional classification. The consensus cluster assignments were compared with traditional classifications. The consensus clusters are depicted on the vertical axis, and traditional classification is depicted on the horizontal axis. The color in the heat map indicates the prevalence of neurons being classified in a given combination. For a given cell in the matrix, a warm color indicates that more neurons were assigned to both that consensus cluster and that traditional classification than expected by chance, green indicates that the expected number of neurons were assigned to both categories, and a cool color indicates that fewer than expected neurons were assigned to both categories. Cluster 1con and 2 con neurons were more often identified as visual cells and were rarely uncategorized. Cluster 3 con, 4 con, and 7 con neurons were often identified as visuomovement cells. Cluster 8 con neurons were more often identified as movement cells and not visual cells. Cluster 9 con and 10 con neurons were generally not categorized, but when they were they were not classified as visual cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cluster-pipeline-3-neurons-were-categorized-via-yr1my6pv.png Figure 5. Cluster pipeline 3. Neurons were categorized via cluster analysis scaling by the z score relative to the whole trial, mean and slope measurement, and correlation distance. Conventions for a through c as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cross-validation-analysis-leave-one-out-cross-16t1it8b.png Figure 8. Cross-validation analysis. Leave-one-out cross-validation was performed separately for 1 through 100 principle components of the composite distance matrix. A singular value decomposition classifier (SVD) classifier with a linear kernel was trained on the principle components of all but one neuron, and that remaining neuron was categorized. a, Classifier accuracy as a function of cumulative principle components, plotted up to 100 principle components (main plot) and for first 10 (inset). Peak accuracy (86.7%; chance accuracy was 10%) was achieved using eight principle components, which corresponds to a plateau of variance explained by additional components. b, Superimposed mean SDFs for pairs of categories that were most frequently misclassified, labeled as (classifier category, consensus category). Although the category SDFs clearly differ, the source of misclassification is apparent through particular common features between pairs. c, Matrix showing the incidence and nature of misclassifications. Matrix rows distinguish the consensus algorithm categories; numbers correspond to consensus cluster spike density functions. Matrix columns distinguish the classifier categories. If the classifier were perfectly accurate, then the matrix would be entirely black, indicating no misclassification. The black cells along the unity diagonal (classifier column C consensus category row R, indicated by dashed line) are the 86.7% of neurons for which the classifier correctly identified the consensus algorithm category; they are not misclassified. Black cells off of the unity diagonal (C R) indicate that the classifier did not misclassify neurons in row R as belonging to column C. Colored cells off of the unity diagonal indicate that the classifier misclassified neurons in row R as belonging to column C. The color map shows percentages of misclassified neurons relative to the count of consensus category R. Misclassified neurons can be identified, for example, as an adjacent category (C R 1) or two categories away (C R 2). The percentage of total misclassifications that were assigned to C R n are shown to the lower right. Misclassifications are most common for adjacent categories (C R 1) and are generally progressively less common with greater category separation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-traditional-classification-the-current-sample-was-1qjuvhmz.png Figure 2. Traditional classification. The current sample was classified according to traditional criteria. a, Group mean SDFs for visual, visuomovement, movement, and unclassified neurons are depicted from top to bottom, with left panels aligned on stimulus onset and right panels aligned on saccade. Here and in subsequent figures, the categories of neurons are arranged on a visual-to-motor axis, and colors are assigned such that red indicates visual activity and no movement activity, green indicates both visual and movement activity, and blue indicates movement activity without visual activity. Black indicates unclassified neurons. Scale bars for response magnitude and time are shown at the bottom left. b, Individual spike density functions comprising each category. Scale bars for response magnitude and time are shown at the bottom left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-analysis-pipeline-a-potential-neurons-were-recorded-18uiuvfi.png Figure 1. Analysis pipeline. a, Potential neurons were recorded from FEF using multicontact electrode arrays. These recordings were performed either in the Plexon MNAP or the Tucker-Davis Technologies System 3. Potential units from the Plexon MNAP were sorted on-line with a window discriminator, whereas potential units from TDT Sys3 were sorted off-line using KiloSort (Pachitariu et al., 2016). A total of 1884 potential units were recorded. b, The 1884 potential units were subjected to several criteria to ensure that only single units were analyzed further. These criteria include interspike interval distributions, a minimum baseline firing rate, and a signal-tonoise ratio of sorted action potential waveforms. The quality of isolation is illustrated, where the PCA space of off-line sorting is shown for the units with the best, median, and worst signal-to-noise ratio that still meet the criterion. c, Six methods of scaling spike density functions were applied for normalization. Four units were selected to illustrate the effects of these different scaling methods. The colors of each unit were assigned arbitrarily. The equations for each scaling method are shown on the ordinates. Zero points in scaling and time are shown in light gray. d, After each scaling method, features for inclusion in the clustering algorithm are measured. Four ways of measurement were used and are demonstrated on one of the example units from above: the full SDF (blue), the mean of the SDF during epochs of interest (orange), the slope of the SDF during epochs of interest (purple), and the combination of mean and slope. Each of these four measurements, for each of the six scaling methods, were clustered individually. e, Clustering on the feature vectors generated from the scaling and measurement techniques can be performed using either Euclidean or correlation distance. Euclidean distance measures whether pairs of units have similar values of the measurements, regardless of the patterns of modulation, whereas correlation distance measures the similarity of modulation patterns regardless of absolute similarity. An example clustering dendrogram and distance matrix for each distance metric is shown as applied to the four example units, and it can be seen that these two clustering methods produce different categorizations. f, Because there is no a priori way to select which scaling method, measurement, or distance metric is most appropriate, and each may produce different categorizations, the final categorization was selected by applying consensus clustering. The distance matrices for each scaling method, measurement, and distance metric (48 total combinations) were normalized and combined to create a consensus distance matrix. The same clustering algorithm was applied to this consensus distance matrix. The consensus distance matrix and corresponding final dendrogram for the four example units is shown. Final categories were determined by applying additional criteria (minimum category membership and maximum number of uncategorized neurons). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cluster-pipeline-2-neurons-were-categorized-via-fbk7qjpg.png Figure 4. Cluster pipeline 2. Neurons were categorized via cluster pipeline using no scaling procedure, mean measurement, and correlation distance. Conventions for a through c are as in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cluster-pipeline-1-neurons-were-categorized-via-3s0nzorf.png Figure 3. Cluster pipeline 1. Neurons were categorized via cluster analysis scaling by the z score relative to the baseline, mean measurement, and Euclidean distance. a, The dendrogram resulting from cluster pipeline 1 shows the eight identified categories. Horizontal distance indicates pairwise similarity, with individual neurons on the right and full agglomeration on the left. Colors indicate categories and are arbitrarily assigned on a visual-to-motor axis as in Figure 3. The break at the top left indicates that the final agglomeration takes place at a point that prevents the visibility of categories. b, Category means are plotted aligned on stimulus onset and saccade. Each category was given an arbitrary numerical identifier for convenience and are ordered according to their position in the dendrogram. Scale bars are shown at the lower left. c, Individual neurons comprising each category aligned on stimulus and saccade. Scale bars are shown at the lower left. https://scispace.com/papers/functional-connectivity-of-brain-associated-with-passive-4ruam5g351 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bayesian-model-averaged-estimates-for-intrinsic-1a2r28io.png Table 1. Bayesian Model Averaged estimates for intrinsic coupling parameters within our 3 fully-connected network. Negative values imply an inhibitory connection and positive values 4 an excitatory connection. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/functional-preference-for-object-sounds-but-not-for-voices-1tgtrnfy2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stimuli-in-the-auditory-experiment-top-part-sound-1egr3ko8.png Figure 1. Stimuli in the auditory experiment. Top part: Sound properties in a representative 21 s block in the (A) voice and (B) object sounds conditions, and in the respective (C) and (D) scrambled conditions. Graphs represent sound amplitude as a function of time and frequencies spectrum as a function of time. Red dashed lines indicate the occurrence of a target sound (i.e repetition). (E) Bode magnitude plot expressing the magnitude in decibels as a function of frequency for the 4 blocks depicted in the top part of the figure. A sound block of each condition is available as supplemental material. (F) Measures of spectral content (FC and FCSD) and spectral structure (HNR) are plotted in color for each stimulus. Scrambling leaves the frequency spectrum relatively unaffected while altering harmonicity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-voice-selective-regions-specific-to-the-blind-these-147q3wab.png Table 5. Voice-selective regions specific to the blind. These regions are depicted in Figure 5. For each region significant in the between-group contrast (left-hand table), corresponding coordinates significant in the main effect in the blind are listed in the right-hand table. None of these regions were activated or deactivated in the sighted, indicating that the between-group effects (blind > sighted) are driven by these regions being responsive only in the blind. Note that when contrasting voice to object sounds, no regions showed higher responses in the blind relative to the sighted. Coordinates reported in this table are significant (p < 0.05 FWE) after correction over small spherical volumes (SVC) or over (*) the whole brain. K represents the number of voxels when displayed at p (uncorr)< 0.001. EB: early blind; SC: sighted controls; V: voices; O: objects; SV: scrambled voices; SO: scrambled objects; L = left; R=Right; G=Gyrus; S=Sulcus. Coordinates used for SVC are as follows (in MNI space): L Fusiform/Inferior Temporal G: [-46 -48 -16] (Gougoux et al. 2009); R Fusiform G: [34 -52 -16] (Gougoux et al. 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-blind-participants-handedness-3d5l5omm.png Table 1. Characteristics of the blind participants. Handedness was evaluated using an adapted version of the Edinburgh inventory. Blind and sighted participants were classified as musicians if they had practiced a musical instrument or had vocal training for at least 2 years on a regular basis (at least 2 hours a week). A: Ambidextrous, M: male, F: female, m: months, y: years, OS: left eye, OD: right eye, Cegep: two years of education between High school and University. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categorical-responses-to-voices-and-object-sounds-245c7745.png Table 2. Categorical responses to voices and object sounds common to blind and sighted, and responses to low level properties of voices common to blind and sighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-categorical-responses-to-a-voices-and-b-object-p9sno99c.png Figure 2. Categorical responses to (A) voices and (B) object sounds common to blind and sighted. For illustration purposes, activity maps are displayed at p(unc) < 0.005 with k > 90 (A) and p(unc) < 0.001 with k > 8 (B). Color bar represents t-values. (C) Mean activity estimates (arbitrary units ± SEM) are plotted for the 4 auditory conditions in significant peaks depicted in (A) and (B). (D) Psychophysiological interactions analyses as a function of group (blind > sighted) and experimental condition (V > O and O > V) based on the peaks of activation depicted in (A) and (B). For illustration purposes, activity maps are displayed at p(unc)< 0.005 and masked inclusively by the main effect in the blind (p(unc)< 0.005). EB = early blind; SC=sighted controls; L=left; R=right; S=sulcus; G=gyrus. See Table 2 and Table 6 for a list of brain regions depicted in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-objects-categorical-responses-across-modalities-li2s8agh.png Figure 3. Objects categorical responses across modalities (visual and auditory) and populations (blind and sighted). (A) Categorical responses to object sounds common to blind and sighted. (B) Categorical responses to pictures of objects in the sighted. For illustration purposes, activity maps are displayed at p(unc) < 0.001 with k > 8. Color bar represents t-values. Regions in the left inferior frontal gyrus, posterior middle temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus are responsive across groups in the auditory modality (A) and across the auditory and the visual modalities in the sighted (A and B). EB = early blind; SC=sighted controls; L=left; R=right; S=sulcus; G=gyrus; O = objects; V=voices; SO=scrambled objects; scrambled voices; F=faces; SF=scrambled faces. See Tables 2 and 3 for a list of brain regions depicted in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regions-showing-increased-functional-connectivity-a6sesj4i.png Table 6. Regions showing increased functional connectivity with specific seed areas as a function of experimental condition (O > V and V > O) and group (blind > sighted). Seed areas are the ones resulting from the activation analyses (depicted in Figure 2A, 2B and 4A). Regions showing increased connectivity with these seed areas are listed in this table and are depicted in Figure 2D and Figure 4B. Coordinates reported in this table are significant (p < 0.05 FWE) after correction over small spherical volumes (SVC). Marginally significant clusters are indicated with (#). EB: early blind; SC: sighted controls; V: voices; O: objects; L = left; R=Right; G=Gyrus; S=Sulcus; pMTG: posterior middle temporal gyrus. Coordinates used for correction over small spherical volumes are as follows (in MNI space): R Fusiform G: [40 -36 - 10] (Hölig et al. 2014); L Fusiform G: [-36 -63 -18] (Noppeney et al. 2003); L Inferior Occipital G: [-36 -81 -15] (Noppeney et al. 2003); R Planum Temporale: [52 -44 10] (Lewis et al. 2011); R Middle Occipital G: [44 -74 8] (Gougoux et al. 2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-visually-responsive-regions-in-the-sighted-object-xlwu4snf.png Table 3. Visually responsive regions in the sighted. Object selective regions are depicted in Figure 3B. Coordinates reported in this table are significant (p < 0.05 FWE) after correction over small spherical volumes (SVC) or over (*) the whole brain. K represents the number of voxels when displayed at p (unc)< 0.001. F: faces; O: objects; SF: scrambled faces; SO: scrambled objects; L = left; R=Right; G=Gyrus; S=Sulcus. Coordinates used for SVC are as follows (in MNI https://scispace.com/papers/functional-integration-political-conflict-and-muddled-3o813km6z7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-foci-of-metropolitan-local-politics-1k3xe76x.png Figure 1: Foci of Metropolitan / Local Politics https://scispace.com/papers/functional-ensemble-survival-tree-dynamic-prediction-of-5e2x4hw5f0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-auc-t-t-4t-and-brier-score-t-t-4t-under-1qlq4a1v.png Table 1 Estimated AUC(t?, t? + 4t) and Brier score(t?, t? + 4t) under the nonlinear setting via functional ensemble survival tree; n = 400, nsim = 500, S:N = signal-to-noise ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-longitudinal-trajectories-of-mini-mental-state-3bdvnsss.png Fig 1. Longitudinal trajectories of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE, left) and Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ, right) of 50 randomly selected MCI patients in ADNI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-covariates-used-in-adni-dataset-represents-a-time-1teqmk87.png Table 3 Covariates used in ADNI dataset; † represents a time-varying covariate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicted-trajectories-of-adas-cog13-and-faq-in-the-31jdzg45.png Fig 4. Predicted trajectories of ADAS-COG13 and FAQ in the first column and predicted AD-free probability in the second column conditional on partially observed marker values prior to the dashed line; dashed line represents the last time the biomarker has been recorded for the patient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-predicted-trajectories-of-mmse-ravlt-immediate-and-3ow9l2m2.png Fig 5. Predicted trajectories of MMSE, RAVLT.immediate and RAVLT.learning in the first column and predicted AD-free probability in the second column conditional on partially observed marker values prior to the dashed line; dashed line represents the last time the biomarker has been recorded for the patient. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-auc-t-t-4t-and-brier-score-t-t-4t-under-333x2lm8.png Table 2 Estimated AUC(t?, t? + 4t) and Brier score(t?, t? + 4t) under the linear setting via functional ensemble survival tree; n = 400, nsim = 500, S:N = signal-to-noise ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-varbiable-permutation-importance-barplot-3qplv9dj.png Fig 3. Varbiable permutation importance barplot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-dynamic-prediction-performances-of-the-1e54cecn.png Fig 2. Comparison of dynamic prediction performances of the full model (model 1) and baseline model (model 2) under a 5-fold cross-validation. AUC(t?, t?+6) and BS(t?, t?+6) conditions on data observed prior to t? = 6, 12, 18, 24 (month) in forecasting t? + 6 under a sliding window framework. https://scispace.com/papers/functional-interrogation-of-lynch-syndrome-associated-msh2-5eyehu6g11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-targeting-efficiency-and-relative-position-of-target-jf1or9dv.png Table 1. Targeting efficiency and relative position of target codon to PAM site https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-functional-studies-and-prior-in-silico-159we8zb.png Table 3. Summary of functional studies and prior in silico predictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-microsatellite-instability-in-variant-cell-lines-137zrd0a.png Table 2. Microsatellite instability in variant cell lines https://scispace.com/papers/functional-validation-of-system-level-static-scheduling-49bq78q9xf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-firing-semantics-of-bcg-nodes-17hpe5sg.png Figure 2. The firing semantics of BCG nodes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-port-connection-network-showing-data-dependencies-1k4pc7ec.png Figure 3. Port connection network showing data dependencies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-rendezvous-channel-on-bcg-and-pcn-3nm78oyl.png Figure 5. Effect of rendezvous channel on BCG and PCN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-parts-of-bcg-and-pcn-before-and-after-identity-102znip0.png Figure 6. Parts of BCG and PCN before and after identity elimination https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-control-relaxation-for-edge-b2-q2-without-in-and-1vq6bjg7.png Figure 8. Control relaxation for edge (b2,q2) without in and out-degree restrictions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bcgs-for-different-hierarchical-behavior-2oqhtx77.png Figure 4. BCGs for different hierarchical behavior compositions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-equivalence-checker-for-different-1v33u8sl.png Table 1. Performance of equivalence checker for different scheduling decisions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-communication-schedules-for-transaction-xw2gmitx.png Figure 1. Different communication schedules for transaction over channel c. https://scispace.com/papers/fundamental-banking-patterns-4ff1szm8st 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-patterns-1b3evxup.png Table 1. Summary of patterns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-safe-deposit-box-rental-contract-3umyetw2.png Figure 9 Safe Deposit Box Rental Contract https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-daily-balance-16lalorl.png Figure 3 Daily Balance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-available-balance-3lxmwmld.png Figure 4 Available Balance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-loan-business-case-3bg155up.png Figure 12 Loan Business Case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-customer-session-2b9e83d2.png Figure 17 Customer Session https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-historical-balances-3gao6kmy.png Figure 5 Historical Balances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-contract-on-product-3uc8m4d3.png Figure 11 Contract on Product https://scispace.com/papers/fundamental-domains-for-finite-subgroups-in-u-2-and-2xcbnlzyra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-r-planes-for-finite-groups-of-u-2-1mvdzuab.png Figure 2: R-planes for finite groups of U(2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-finite-groups-and-r-reflections-we-list-the-2t1s49gn.png Figure 3: Finite groups and R-reflections. We list the irreducible subgroups of SU(2), then the complex reflection groups generated by two reflections and finally the imprimitive exceptional family which is a subgroup of index two of a group generated by four Lagrangian reflections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-projected-lagrangians-for-the-group-3-3-3-2b45q6iz.png Figure 1: Projected Lagrangians for the group 3[3]3 https://scispace.com/papers/fungal-polygalacturonase-activity-reflects-susceptibility-of-5assd3gpfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pectin-methyl-esterase-zymogram-of-extracts-from-12k7fst8.png Figure 4. Pectin methyl esterase zymogram of extracts from resistant cv Novada (lane 1), partially resistant cv Pallas (lane 2) and susceptible cv. Lena (lane 3), harvested four weeks after stem inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi or treatment with water (lane 4, cv Lena), and filtrates from 3-day-old shake cultures containing pectin (lane 5) or sodium polygalacturonate (lane 6) as sole carbon source. IEF gel with pectin-agarose overlay. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-polygalacturonase-activity-in-extracts-from-stems-of-3fd9hvvn.png Table 1. Polygalacturonase activity in extracts from stems of eleven carnation cultivars, four weeks after stem inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, and the disease indices of these cultivars after four and eight weeks (experiment I). Within columns, values followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-linear-relationship-exists-between-the-square-1boc8b9p.png Figure 1. A linear relationship exists between the square root of PG activity (reducing group assay) in stems of 11 carnation cultivars inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and the disease index of the cultivars. Data from experiment I, four weeks after inoculation. N, PG activity per gram of extracted segments; , PG activity per 5-cm-long segment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-polygalacturonase-zymogram-of-stem-extracts-from-34pm7glt.png Figure 3. Polygalacturonase zymogram of stem extracts from susceptible cv Lena, harvested four weeks after stem inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (lane 1) or treatment with water (lane 2). IEF gel with polygalacturonate-agarose overlay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-polygalacturonase-zymogram-of-stem-extracts-from-11647a1w.png Figure 2. Polygalacturonase zymogram of stem extracts from susceptible cv Early Sam (lane 1), harvested four weeks after stem inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, and filtrates from 3-day-old shake cultures containing sodium polygalacturonate (lane 2) or pectin (lane 3) as sole carbon source. Major and minor bands are indicated by thick and thin arrows, respectively. Native polyacrylamide gel (pH 8.7) with sodium polygalacturonate as substrate. https://scispace.com/papers/funnel-cavities-for-4-mw-upgrade-of-spallation-neutron-m3d1mt3e30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electric-field-in-the-upper-half-of-the-buncher-1uy5myvm.png Figure 3: Electric field in the upper half of the buncher cavity cross section. All dimensions are in meters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-beam-buncher-cavity-one-quarter-3880jwft.png Figure 2: Two-beam buncher cavity (one quarter). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-deflecting-mode-p0hmi7td.png Table 2: Parameters of Deflecting Mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-electric-field-of-the-deflecting-mode-in-the-right-vem7vwor.png Figure 6: Electric field of the deflecting mode in the right lower quarter of the cavity cross section. The beam path is along the upper side of the drawn box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rf-deflector-cavity-with-the-3rd-harmonic-tuned-one-347ud14u.png Figure 7: RF deflector cavity with the 3rd harmonic tuned (one eighth). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-buncher-805-mhz-mode-parameters-2ljh1hqd.png Table 1: Buncher 805-MHz Mode Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-surface-power-loss-density-near-the-stem-dt-2rj2fu9n.png Figure 4: Surface power loss density near the stem-DT connection: the highest density is indicated by red (also by arrow), and the lowest one by dark-blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rf-deflector-cavity-one-eighth-is-shown-1ygsbg2q.png Figure 5: RF deflector cavity (one eighth is shown). https://scispace.com/papers/fusing-online-and-offline-information-for-stable-3d-tracking-2q4ig7xt6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-different-aspects-for-the-camera-positions-c-k2-and-3fr15ar3.png Figure 5: Different aspects for the camera positions C, K2 and K1 in Figure 3.c, and their respective histograms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-some-keyframes-for-the-projector-sequences-2hh7dwox.png Figure 6: Some keyframes for the projector sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tracking-for-augmented-reality-purposes-first-and-3g6a3d65.png Figure 1: Tracking for augmented reality purposes. First and third rows: Video sequences with overlaid 3–D models whose pose has been computed online using our method. Second and fourth rows: The 3–D models have been used to augment the video sequences by adding glasses and a moustache to the subject and by adding a lever, slot-machine wheels and a jackpot light to the old projector, thus turning it into a slot-machine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-reprojection-error-when-a-face-of-the-model-is-t4rmynjn.png Figure 7: The reprojection error when a face of the model is almost parallel to the line of sight (left) and in the opposite case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-video-sequence-with-occlusions-3feqn3t2.png Figure 8: Video sequence with occlusions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-video-sequence-in-which-the-camera-is-rotating-kaxyogqa.png Figure 9: Video sequence in which the camera is rotating around the object doing a 360 degree loop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-online-and-offline-keyframes-a-tracked-camera-dpqejcxa.png Figure 3: Online and Offline Keyframes. a) Tracked camera displacement with four offline keyframes and one online keyframe. The dotted arrows represent the camera displacement from one frame to the next, and the number shows which keyframe is being used. K1 to K4 are the camera positions of the offline keyframes. When the current camera position gets too far from any known offline keyframe, a new online keyframe denoted Konline is generated. b) Choosing the best keyframe between and . is the previous camera position. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-showing-a-sequence-tracked-using-three-30p1fpfb.png Figure 2: Plots showing a sequence tracked using three different methods. The dots represent the ground truth. The first plot shows the low precision and jittering resulting from using only offline keyframes, the second one highlights the error accumulation of the recursive method. The third plot corresponds to our method. https://scispace.com/papers/fusion-network-for-face-based-age-estimation-1fsnazpsbl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mae-values-of-three-state-of-the-art-cnn-based-17c5co4q.png Table 2. MAE values of three state-of-the-art CNN-based models and our method on MORPH II dataset. The best result is highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-our-proposed-network-and-a-2i8znfp4.png Table 1. Comparison between our proposed network and a baseline model. The best result is highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-feeding-sequence-in-the-fusionnet-the-model-takes-xriw0zj6.png Fig. 1. Data feeding sequence in the FusionNet. The model takes the original face and a total of n facial patches as inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-architecture-of-the-fusion-network-for-face-based-23r0xryr.png Fig. 2. The architecture of the Fusion Network for face-based age estimation. The selected patches are fed to the network sequentially as the secondary learning source. The input of patches can be viewed as shortcut connections to enhance the learning of age-specific feature. We use five patches (P1 to P5) to keep the balance between the training efficiency and the performance. The final output is produced by a single fully-connected (FC) layer. https://scispace.com/papers/fusion-of-decisions-transmitted-over-rayleigh-fading-291vuw4cwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-system-level-probability-of-detection-as-a-function-of-3ubbx90c.png Fig. 6. System-level probability of detection as a function of average channel SNR for Rayleigh fading channels with eight sensors whose detection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-system-level-probability-of-detection-versus-the-mean-1mk1bybc.png Fig. 7. System-level probability of detection versus the mean value of average SNRs of the Rayleigh fading channels with eight sensors, whose average channel SNRs are different. P = 0:5 and P = 0:05. The system false alarm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-system-level-probability-of-detection-as-a-function-of-3o0b1nyw.png Fig. 4. System-level probability of detection as a function of average channel SNR for Rayleigh fading channels with eight sensors whose P = 0:5 and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-system-level-probability-of-detection-as-a-function-of-2rco0bev.png Fig. 5. System-level probability of detection as a function of number of sensors K . P = 0:5; P = 0:05, and the average channel SNR is 5 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-parallel-fusion-model-in-the-presence-of-fading-and-3fi2uk6o.png Fig. 1. Parallel fusion model in the presence of fading and noisy channels between local sensors and the fusion center. u is the binary decision made by the kth sensor, h is the fading channel gain, n is a zero-mean Gaussian random variable with variance , and y is the observation received by the fusion center from the kth sensor, where k = 1; . . . ; K . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-among-five-different-fusion-rules-9hzfpgnv.png TABLE I COMPARISON AMONG FIVE DIFFERENT FUSION RULES https://scispace.com/papers/future-direction-of-supersonic-combustion-research-air-force-qhh3f64fjb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-optimization-of-nozzle-performance-based-on-nozzle-2az8cskt.png Figure 9. Optimization of Nozzle Performance Based on Nozzle Inflow Profiles https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-non-intrusive-diagnostics-measurement-techniques-14ocxxpa.png Table 6 Non-intrusive Diagnostics Measurement Techniques https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-ramp-and-aero-ramp-fuel-injectors-2k43ueo2.png Figure 11. Comparison of Ramp and Aero-Ramp fuel Injectors (fuel mass fraction contours) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-b-c-schematic-illustration-of-ramp-fuel-3s0aciiu.png Figure 10 (a, b, c). Schematic Illustration of Ramp Fuel Injectors for Scramjet Engines a) Unswept, b) Swept, c) Aero-Ramp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-laminar-burning-rate-vs-pressure-264rpm95.png Figure 4. Laminar Burning Rate vs. Pressure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-illustration-of-steam-calorimetry-data-yqv35r1p.png Figure 3. Schematic Illustration of Steam Calorimetry Data Analysis Procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-typical-ramjet-scramjet-freestream-and-combustor-2ae8pjds.png Table 4. Typical ramjet/scramjet freestream and combustor inlet conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-measurement-sensitivity-272tulbn.png Table 5. Measurement Sensitivity https://scispace.com/papers/future-landscapes-managing-within-complexity-38uwzid5a6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-landscape-management-as-a-multi-criteria-1ydoaaco.png Figure 1. Regional landscape management as a multi-criteria optimization problem. The objective of any management scenario is to maximize ecosystem services and community well-being within a landscape. Choices will result in trade-offs between competing objective functions. In these two examples of multiuse landscapes, a few of the services that a manager might wish to maximize are shown as axes on the “flower”. The relative size of the “petals” indicates the degree to which each service is provided (figure inspired by Foley et al. 2005). (a) A South Australian rural landscape. (b) Seymour River watershed, Greater Vancouver Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-landscape-futures-envelopes-of-possible-scenarios-hcnsd89w.png Figure 5. Landscape futures: envelopes of possible scenarios. The future of a landscape can be conceived in terms of ensembles of likely future system states, given a particular management scenario and external drivers. In this figure, all of the variables describing the system state are collapsed onto a single axis for simplicity. (a) An example envelope for a complex system, in which uncertainty about the system state (eg species abundances and their spatial distributions) increases with time. The envelope encloses all possible future states of the system for a single scenario, given current knowledge of the system’s state and functioning. States outside of the green area are considered highly improbable for a given scenario or parameter set. (b) A management intervention, such as building a reservoir or culling a predator species, may shift an edge of the envelope so that certain future states (eg highly variable flow regimes; collapse of prey species) are less probable. (c) A system that undergoes a major change (eg a regime shift). (d) The shape of the envelope can be changed by management interventions that are unlike anything seen by the system in its recent history and that potentially affect the dynamics of several internal drivers. An example would be the Quebec government’s proposed “Plan Nord” that will open the northern part of the province to development, substantially changing the future trajectories of socioeconomic and ecological processes in the region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptual-diagram-of-a-complex-social-ecological-quyq9be2.png Figure 2. Conceptual diagram of a complex social–ecological system. A regional landscape can be viewed as a complex social–ecological system composed of locally interacting, heterogeneous components whose combined behaviors give rise to emergent patterns, processes, and institutions on the landscape. Such emergent aggregates may arise at many scales (eg aggregates of aggregates) and are not necessarily the result of just two scales, as shown here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-simplified-representation-of-the-whale-watching-33o95ezu.png Figure 4. A simplified representation of the whale-watching system in the St Lawrence estuary (see Panel 1), based on the conceptual diagram shown in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-view-looking-up-the-saguenay-river-where-it-meets-238zznmg.png Figure 3. View looking up the Saguenay River where it meets the St Lawrence estuary at Tadoussac, Quebec, Canada. The region is home to a resident population of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and is regularly visited by larger species of cetaceans. Competing economic, conservation, and recreational interests pose challenges for management of human activities in the region (see Panel 1). https://scispace.com/papers/future-changes-in-the-western-north-pacific-tropical-cyclone-5g67sho8nx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-climatological-mean-and-standard-deviation-in-2yvl4a6x.png TABLE 2. Climatological mean and standard deviation (in parenthesis) of the TC frequency, power dissipation index, mean peak intensity, andmean lifetime of TCs for theMJJASON season of 1975–2007 for IBTrACS (OBS) and IFSAMIP simulations. In addition to the total TC frequency, data are separately shown for tropical storms (TS) and storms of categories 1–2 (CAT 1–2) and categories 3–5 (CAT 3–5). Units for TC frequency are numbers per season. Differences between the model results and the corresponding observational values that are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level, using a two-sided Student’s t test, are shown in boldface. Degrees of freedom are computed taking into account serial correlation in the time series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-coefficients-between-the-seasonal-mean-2p4r4aj2.png TABLE 4. Correlation coefficients between the seasonal mean TC frequency and PDI and the Niño-3.4 index for MJJASON of 1975– 2007. One-tailed p values are given in parenthesis. Boldface (italic) values indicate that the correlation coefficient is statistically significant at the 95% (90%) confidence level using a one-sided Student’s t test and taking into account serial correlation in the time series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-differences-in-the-composites-of-the-tc-genesis-2mae25mw.png FIG. 4. Differences in the composites of the TC genesis density betweenEl Niño and LaNiña years scaled by 0.5, for (a) IBTrACS, (b) AMIP T1279, and (c) AMIP T159 for MJJASON of 1975–2007. Contour interval is 0.15. Positive (negative) contours are solid (dashed) with the starting value of 0.15 (20.15). Shading represents differences significant at the 95% confidence level using a permutationMonte Carlo approach (for details, see Bengtsson et al. 2006; Hodges 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-future-change-ts-minus-amip-and-future-fractional-1zghlmxk.png TABLE 5. Future change (TS minus AMIP) and future fractional change (in parentheses) in the seasonal mean TC frequency, power dissipation index,mean peak intensity, andmean lifetime of TCs based on theMJJASONseasonof the 47-yr IFSAMIP andTS simulations. In addition to the total TC frequency, data are separately shown for tropical storms (TS) and storms of categories 1–2 (CAT 1–2) and categories 3–5 (CAT 3–5). Differences between the model results that are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level, using a twosided Student’s t test, are shown in boldface. Degrees of freedom are computed taking into account serial correlation in the time series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mjjason-mean-projected-future-change-ts-2-amip-in-a-35bctv6k.png FIG. 8. MJJASON mean projected future change (TS 2 AMIP) in (a) 850-hPa relative vorticity (1026 s21), (b) negative of 500-hPa v (1022 Pa s21), (c) 700-hPa relative humidity (%), (d) potential intensity (m s21), (e) vertical shear of zonal wind (m s21; no absolute value taken), and (f) track density of synoptic-scale tropical disturbances (number density per season per unit area equivalent to a 58 spherical cap) for IFS at T1279 based on the 47-yr simulations. In (a)–(e) shading shows changes significant at the 95% confidence level using a two-sided Student’s t test. In (f) contour interval is 1.0. Positive (negative) contours are solid (dashed) with the starting value of 1.0 (21.0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-contoured-frequency-by-altitude-diagrams-cfads-of-the-3kjhskld.png FIG. 13. Contoured frequency by altitude diagrams (CFADs) of the negative v (Pa s21) based on the composites of about 50 most intense supertyphoons in the (a) AMIP T1279 and (b) TS T1279 (see Table 8), at the time of their peak intensity. The thin black contours are 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of vertical motions, and the thick black contours are 0.1% and 0.01%. In (b), the 0.1% and 0.01% contours are shown in blue and red, respectively, from the AMIP simulation in (a). Bin size is 2 Pa s21 and CFADs are taken from grid points within 1.58 from the TC center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-frequency-distributions-of-a-themaximumattained-10-194j4unm.png FIG. 1. (top) Frequency distributions of (a) themaximumattained 10-mwind speed and (b) theminimumSLP from the IBTrACS data (OBS; black bars), AMIP T1279 (red bars), and AMIP T159 (green bars) for MJJASON of 1975– 2007. Inset plots show the tail of the distributions. (bottom) Future change in the frequency distributions of (c) the maximumattained 10-mwind speed and (d) theminimumSLP for TS andAMIP at T1279 (red bars) and T159 (green bars) based on 47 yr of data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-change-in-the-cumulative-frequency-distributions-of-3lq7bcxq.png FIG. 3. Change in the cumulative frequency distributions of (left) the maximum attained 10-m wind speed and (right) the TC lifetime for (a),(b) active vs inactive years and (c),(d) El Niño vs La Niña years based onMJJASON of 1975–2007 for the IBTrACS data (OBS; black line), AMIP T1279 (solid red line, closed circles) and AMIP T159 (solid green line, closed circles). Dashed lines with open circles in (a) and (b) show corresponding changes based on the individual model’s definition of active/inactive years. (e),(f) As in (a),(b), but for future vs present climate (TS vs AMIP) based on 47 yr of data. https://scispace.com/papers/future-warming-and-acidification-result-in-multiple-4x21mxs291 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-richness-and-diversity-of-microbial-communities-in-15mde9zb.png Table 2: Richness and diversity of microbial communities in treatments based on 16S tag sequencing data after 21 days exposure to treatments. *Shannon’s H measurements in italics (below) for TRFLP data. A: ambient, FT: future temperature, FPH: future pH, FTPH: future temperature and pH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-retrmax-se-after-7-14-and-21-days-of-the-13bg5l0d.png Figure 1: Mean rETRmax (+SE); after 7, 14 and 21 days of the experiment (A) and across all treatments (B); (C) mean Ek (+SE) after 7, 14 and 21 days of the experiment; and (D) Mean % of tissue bleached and faded (+ SE) after 21 days. A: ambient, FPH: future (decreased) pH, FT: future (increased) temperature and FTPH: combined future pH (decreased) and temperature (increased). Treatments that share a letter are not significantly different from one another. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-multidimensional-scaling-plots-of-square-root-21iusj1u.png Figure 4: Multidimensional scaling plots of square root transformed Bray-Curtis similarity data based on TRFLP after (A) 14 and (B) 21 days of the experiment. Ambient: black triangles; future (decreased) pH: grey squares; future (increased) temperature: inverted grey triangles; and combined future pH (decreased) and temperature (increased): open circles. Microbial community structure in all treatments were significantly different from all others at both time points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-water-chemistry-parameters-across-the-duration-of-1husnilk.png Table 1: Water chemistry parameters across the duration of the experiment. Numbers are means (5 per treatment), with standard error in parentheses. AT = total alkalinity, ΩCa and ΩAr: saturation state of calcium and aragonite. A: ambient, target 19°C and pH 8.1; FT: future temperature, target 23° and pH 8.1; FPH: future pH, target 19°C, pH 7.6; FTPH: future temperature and pH, target 23°C and pH 7.6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-heatmap-clustering-visualisation-x-axis-and-maximum-2h8x48rt.png Figure 5: Heatmap clustering visualisation (x axis) and maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of abundant OTUs (those whose mean is >1% of sequences in at least one treatment) (y axis). Top: Cluster dendogram of Bray-Curtis similarity between each sample based on square root transformed 16S sequencing data. A: ambient, FTPH: future temperature and pH, FT: future temperature, FPH: future pH. Scale bar represents 0.10 substitutions per nucleotide position, closed circles indicate nodes with >90% bootstrap support, open circles represent nodes with 80-90% support. https://scispace.com/papers/fuzzy-constructive-heuristics-31b8c8d1ag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-greedy-constructive-method-21hj393w.png Fig. 1. Greedy Constructive Method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-contour-2xocvl97.png Fig. 5. Contour https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-significance-levels-p-value-for-the-equality-among-iu670ehf.png Table 1. Significance levels (p-value) for the equality among treatments and best treatments (between brackets, second best one) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stopping-rule-average-objective-values-and-26hcatxp.png Table 5. Stopping rule: average objective values and iterations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fuzzy-constructive-method-2j466ch0.png Fig. 2. Fuzzy Constructive Method https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-random-instances-average-objective-values-uk5qjvjq.png Table 4. Random instances: average objective values https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-objective-values-and-required-times-in-minutes-51cenai8.png Table 3. Best objective values and required times in minutes (average values for category) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-iterated-fuzzy-constructive-method-qa3812p8.png Fig. 3. Iterated Fuzzy Constructive Method https://scispace.com/papers/fuzzy-evolutionary-hybrid-metaheuristic-for-network-topology-4a7ky3h8jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-se-and-se-ts-for-n40-1gw39p0d.png Fig. 4. Comparison of SE and SE TS for n40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-campus-network-ws-represents-workgroup-89021uz5.png Fig. 1. A typical Campus Network (WS represents workgroup switch). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-se-and-se-ts-c-cost-in-dollars-d-delay-98exjaga.png Table 4. Comparison of SE and SE TS. C = Cost in dollars, D = Delay in milli seconds per packet, H = hops, T = execution time in minutes, TL= Tabu list size. Percentage gain shows improvement achieved by SE TS compared to SE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-best-tabu-list-size-execution-time-is-in-2w260qzr.png Table 3. Results for best tabu list size. Execution time is in minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-solution-for-different-tabu-list-sizes-monetary-34llae43.png Table 2. Best solution for different tabu list sizes. Monetary cost is in dollars, delay is in milli seconds per packet, and execution time is in minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-membership-function-for-the-objective-to-be-optimized-328nsg51.png Fig. 3. Membership function for the objective to be optimized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-the-simulated-evolution-algorithm-q19q2fru.png Fig. 2. Structure of the simulated evolution algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-test-cases-used-in-our-ugbhmzfp.png Table 1. Characteristics of test cases used in our experiments. LCostMin, LCostMax, and TCostMin are in dollars. TDelayMin is in milliseconds. Traffic is in Mbps. https://scispace.com/papers/fuzzy-control-of-uncertain-nonlinear-systems-with-numerical-d5ickjgob1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-approximation-errors-m3qtnst8.png Table 2. Approximation errors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vibration-mass-3ube5xjg.png Fig. 2. Vibration mass https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-plot-of-three-popular-methods-and-the-exact-3szikgmv.png Fig. 3. Comparison plot of three popular methods and the exact solution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approximation-errors-fnhbcor5.png Table 1. Approximation errors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-water-tank-system-1rx30d19.png Fig. 1. Water tank system https://scispace.com/papers/fuzzy-logic-control-for-use-in-in-pipe-mobile-robotic-system-n3ypeuu9lf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-action-type-outputs-of-the-fuzzy-inference-system-2mcs8ji1.png Fig. 8 Action type outputs of the fuzzy inference system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-pipe-recognition-fuzzy-identi-er-simulation-results-319i47jr.png Fig. 12 Pipe recognition fuzzy identi er simulation results (200 mm diameter pipe section, followed by a 15°, 45°, 60° and 90° bend) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-pipe-recognition-fuzzy-identi-er-simulation-results-2jazzyzp.png Fig. 13 Pipe recognition fuzzy identi er simulation results (200 mm diameter pipe section, followed by a 15° bend and a 15° vertical slope pipe) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-continued-over-3e2rtezb.png Fig. 5 (Continued over) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-input-variable-membership-function-sets-for-the-12xebfpp.png Fig. 7 Input variable membership function sets for the vehicle action fuzzy controller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-navigation-controller-simulation-diagrams-20m4g3l1.png Fig. 11 Navigation controller simulation diagrams https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-experimental-results-for-location-b-c-12tvaoo2.png Fig. 19 Experimental results for location B–C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-experimental-results-for-a-15deg-inclined-straight-1p4b4d5b.png Fig. 20 Experimental results for a 15° inclined straight pipe https://scispace.com/papers/g-5-algebra-ambiguities-in-feynman-amplitudes-momentum-5e28p4odxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pictorial-representation-of-the-relation-between-gauge-2dmwnags.png FIG. 8. Pictorial representation of the relation between gauge and MRI for two- and three-point two-loop diagrams (a) and (b), respectively. The external momentum p acts as an arbitrary routing and making the right-hand side zero is the MRI condition while making the left-hand side zero is the gauge invariance condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-triangle-diagrams-which-contribute-to-the-abj-anomaly-24sm8asr.png FIG. 1. Triangle diagrams which contribute to the ABJ anomaly. We label the internal lines with arbitrary momentum routing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagrams-upon-which-the-diagrammatic-proof-of-gauge-15nj7lhb.png FIG. 2. Diagrams upon which the diagrammatic proof of gauge invariance is constructed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pictorial-representation-of-two-loop-ward-identity-for-165udve6.png FIG. 6. Pictorial representation of two-loop Ward identity for the one-point function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pictorial-representation-of-the-result-of-each-tadpole-1zpx5wj7.png FIG. 7. Pictorial representation of the result of each tadpole insertion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pictorial-representation-of-the-ward-identities-1suf7a3u.png FIG. 3. Pictorial representation of the Ward identities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pictorial-representation-of-the-ward-identities-382oqdy0.png FIG. 4. Pictorial representation of the Ward identities, showing its connection to momentum routing invariance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-one-and-two-point-functions-needed-for-the-two-loop-25n290xx.png FIG. 5. One- and two-point functions needed for the two-loop diagrammatic proof of gauge invariance. https://scispace.com/papers/gaec1-mutations-and-copy-number-aberration-is-associated-4ejc7kgok0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-survival-rate-correlated-with-a-pathological-stages-2qdav448.png Figure 3: Survival rate correlated with (a) pathological stages of colorectal cancer, (b) GAEC1 mutation and (c) GAEC1 copy number aberration in colorectal cancer tissues and (d) adjacent non-neoplastic tissue. Increased GAEC1 copy number and presence of mutation reduces the survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-heterozygosity-at-a-rs181281674-and-b-rs181800740-25wydazy.png Figure 4: Heterozygosity at (a) rs181281674 and (b) rs181800740 as observed in in GAEC1 found in colorectal cancer tissues. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-gaec1-expression-in-patients-with-colorectal-cancer-ine4emzn.png Figure 8: GAEC1 expression in patients with colorectal cancer. (a) Western blot analysis of GAEC1 protein expression with GAPDH as housekeeping protein. (b) Bar graph of GAEC1 band intensity normalised to GAPDH. Positive control used for Western blot is the SW48 cells transfected with GAEC1. Samples with mutations showed increased protein expression (T22, T73 and T23; except T76). (c) Representative images of colorectal cancer tissues with (i) low GAEC1 expression and (ii) high GAEC1 expression. (d) GAEC1 mRNA expression with GAPDH as an internal control gene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cna-of-79-matched-samples-of-patients-with-27y5g18h.png Figure 7: CNA of 79 matched samples of patients with colorectal cancer. CNA ranged between 1-3 copies with 19 cases showing amplification in copies compared to their matched non-neoplastic mucosal tissue, 1 cases showing deletion in copies compared to their matched neoplastic mucosal tissue and 59 cases showing no apparent changes between their matched counterparts. Solid circle symbol (●) represents CNA in colorectal cancer tumour biopsies while diamond symbol (◊) represents CNA in adjacent normal tissue. Error bars indicate the Poisson 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequent-polymorphisms-detected-in-gaec1-in-2hm4t3ed.png Table 2 Frequent polymorphisms detected in GAEC1 in colorectal cancer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-novel-mutations-in-gaec1-found-in-colorectal-cancer-3vax9106.png Figure 6: Novel mutations in GAEC1 found in colorectal cancer tissues. Mutation sites were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Representation of mutations: (a) Chr:7g.101939277G>A occurring at the matched non-neoplastic mucosal tissue, (b) Chr:7g.101938714C>A occurring at the cancer tissue changing the second amino acid from alanine to aspartic acid; and (c) Chr:7g.101939237C>T. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mutations-detected-in-the-exon-region-of-gaec1-in-1zzfpc7c.png Table 1: Mutations detected in the exon region of GAEC1 in Australian patient with colorectal cancer Sample Stage Mutation region Nucleotide change Type of mutation Codon change In silico prediction/PROVEAN code ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------- 73 3 Coding Chr7:g.101938714C>A Missense p.Ala2Asp Deleterious 76 4 Kozak Chr7:g.101938708C LOH - rs803097 22 2 Kozak Chr7:g.101938708T LOH - rs803097 101 1 5’ UTR Chr7:g.101939150C>T LOH - rs140185601 28 2 5’ UTR Chr7:g.101939070G>A - - rs181281674 105 2 5’ UTR Chr7:g.101939127C>T - - rs2242581 116 4 5’ UTR Chr7:g.101939258G>A - - rs181800740 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Mutation detected in matched non-cancer tissue samples 23 1 5’ UTR Chr7:g.101939277A>G LOH - https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-loss-of-heterozygosity-loh-in-gaec1-found-in-3onyga57.png Figure 5: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in GAEC1 found in colorectal cancer tissues. LOH was confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Representation of LOH found at (a) rs140185601 with LOH resulting in a CC allele, (b) rs803097 with LOH resulting in a CC allele; and (c) rs803097 with LOH resulting in a TT allele. https://scispace.com/papers/g-w-calculations-including-spin-orbit-coupling-application-kvjkyf23p2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-spin-orbit-splitting-at-selected-high-symmetry-k-3sply7r5.png TABLE II. Spin-orbit splitting at selected high-symmetry k points in eV. At the point the splitting is defined as = E 8 − E 7 . The negative values in HgS mean that the 7 split-off state is above the 8 state. In parentheses we report the results obtained with the screened Coulomb interaction W calculated without spin-orbit coupling (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-calculated-inverse-direct-band-gaps-at-selected-high-3fobvdt2.png TABLE I. Calculated inverse direct band gaps at selected high-symmetry k points in eV. At the point the inverse band gap is defined as Eg = E 6 − E 8 . In parentheses we report the results obtained with the screened Coulomb interaction W calculated without spin-orbit coupling (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-self-energy-correction-for-the-states-6-7-2go17lqe.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Self-energy correction for the states 6, 7, and 8: (a) only bare exchange and (b) full GW correction. The lines are a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-band-structures-of-hgx-x-s-se-and-te-158sqapm.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Band structures of HgX (X = S, Se, and Te) calculated with LDA (solid lines) and GW (circles). All calculations include spin-orbit coupling nonperturbatively. The vertical bars scale with the projection of the wave functions onto the Hg 6s state. The dashed lines are a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-band-structure-of-hgx-x-s-se-and-te-as-3uhygffa.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Band structure of HgX (X = S, Se, and Te) as shown in Fig. 1 magnified around the point. Labels indicate GW results. https://scispace.com/papers/gaining-knowledge-via-other-minds-children-s-flexible-trust-160gakxeqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experiment-3-mean-sd-incidence-of-seeking-further-fmiaaoqq.png Table 3. Experiment 3. Mean (SD) incidence of seeking further information in the ask-to-see and seek conditions (Max. = 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiment-1-seek-condition-mean-sd-incidence-of-n5lwq3jk.png Table 2. Experiment 1. Seek condition. Mean (SD) incidence of looking around barrier to see informant’s response (Max. = 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-1-mean-sd-incidence-of-matching-10r94jii.png Table 1. Experiment 1. Mean (SD) incidence of matching informant’s response (Max. = 2) https://scispace.com/papers/gaining-insight-on-friendly-jamming-in-a-real-world-ieee-802-pru93hvndl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impact-of-ftargets-duration-short-frames-at-high-30qxciqa.png Figure 3: Impact of Ftarget’s duration: short frames at high rate cannot be jammed, e.g., at 54Mb/s frames with less than 42 bytes payload. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-in-open-space-a-single-jammers-hit-ratio-1qejmu9h.png Figure 6: Left: in open space a single jammer’s hit ratio decreases monotonically with the distance (top), whereas the indoor evaluation shows erratic behavior (bottom), indicating the need for careful real-world deployments. Center: robust adapter rates (MCSs) such as 1Mb/s have a tremendous impact on the hit ratio of three jammers (top), but less on seven jammers (bottom). Right: while the legitimate traffic’s throughput shows weekly patterns (top), the hit ratio of three (center) and seven (bottom) jammers remain almost stable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-assume-that-a-target-transmission-and-a-remote-1e5bsbuq.png Figure 9: Assume that a target transmission and a remote legitimate transmission would be interference free without jammer. Nevertheless, a jammer located between them may interfere with both transmissions: intentionally, with the target transmission; collaterally, with the legitimate transmission. We call this effect power amplification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-results-from-simulations-of-two-artificial-jam-7ca4d69i.png Figure 20: Results from simulations of two artificial jam frames indicate that the jam amplitude for successful jamming is significantly lowered, compared to a single jammer: while a relative amplitude of 37% (left) is ineffective, already 59% (center) greatly improves the jamming performance, for 74% (right) the jammers are almost always successful. These plots result from averaging over (all possible) alignments for 28 packets of a real trace (brighter shades of gray indicate higher jamming success). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-this-study-is-concerned-with-scenarios-requiring-a-114dtful.png Table 1: This study is concerned with scenarios requiring a minimally invasive and distributed jamming system (and an IEEE 802.11 b/g network). Similar scenarios are assumed in [6,7,12,22,31,36], whereas [13,16, 17] and also the Wire-Tap Channel scenario (umbrella term coined by Wyner [39], see also [8,20,30,33,41,42]) usually do not assume minimal invasiveness, e.g., the whole channel is often continuously blocked. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-particular-challenge-of-friendly-jamming-is-to-1yxl2yze.png Figure 2: A particular challenge of friendly jamming is to enable coexistence with other legitimate networks’ traffic (e.g., not to jam the beacon in the center) while accurately jamming target frames (here: all of the short frames). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-monitored-experimental-environment-cqa4oszz.png Figure 11: Monitored experimental environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-left-the-rssi-at-mclose-surges-when-enabling-the-32wwb9yt.png Figure 12: Left: the RSSI (at mclose) surges when enabling the first jammer, indicating an increased noise level. Right: the mean adapter rate of artificial traffic slightly decreases with the # of jammers. https://scispace.com/papers/galaxy-mass-profiles-from-strong-lensing-iii-the-two-15b5xh8ld1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-constraints-on-the-mass-profile-slope-axis-ratio-11dbcpy0.png Figure 4. Constraints on the mass profile slope 𝑡 , axis ratio 𝑞 and break radius 𝜃T for three truncated systems, created with signal to noise ratio 𝑆 = 100. Top row: Image plane. The dashed ellipse marks the truncation radius and the cross is the source position. Middle row: Case 1 results, 𝜃T fixed. Bottom row: Case 2 results, 𝜃T free. Contours are the 68%, 95%, and 99% credible intervals. The 68% credible intervals are also shown as dashed lines in the 1D histograms. Solid grey lines in the histograms mark the true values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-sensitivity-of-the-deflection-angle-to-small-3uxfvg7k.png Figure 1. The sensitivity of the deflection angle to small changes in slope as a function of 𝜈 = 𝜃T/𝑏. The sensitivity is calculated along the line 𝜃1 = 𝜃2 at the scale radius 𝜃𝜀 = 𝑏. Each curve represents a different axis ratio running from an (almost) circular lens to 𝑞 = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-goodness-of-fit-for-the-recovered-parameter-values-39oc738n.png Table 1. Goodness-of-fit for the recovered parameter values in the three systems in Fig. 4, ordered left to right. These values are for the full 12 parameter fit, i.e., those including 𝜃T as a parameter. 𝜒2 is calculated in a mask surrounding the images (see Paper I §3.3). The number of degrees of freedom, 𝑁dof , is the number of pixels in the mask minus the number of fitted parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-the-axis-ratio-and-the-slope-on-the-18qat58c.png Figure 3. The effect of the axis ratio 𝑞 and the slope 𝑡 on the deflection angle in a truncated lens. The vectors are the deflection angle (not to scale) at three points near the Einstein radius in the upper right quadrant of the image plane. The truncation radius is inside these points. The dotted lines intersect the centre of the lens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-relative-accuracy-of-eq-37-for-different-values-5y69bt0x.png Figure 2. The relative accuracy of Eq. (37) for different values of 𝑛. Each line corresponds to a different axis ratio, which is labelled. https://scispace.com/papers/galvanomagnetic-measurements-of-annealing-in-deformed-35fghip41c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrates-the-annealing-behaviour-of-deformed-al-h4ig1kv9.png Fig. 1 illustrates the annealing behaviour of deformed Al wires. Annealing is complete at 620 K. The annealing of9o exhibits one distinct revocecy stage in the tempreature range of self-diffusion. Analytical checks on the reaction order of the annealing process of'lo definitely exclude first order and second order kinetics. This points to the fact that the annealing between 300 and 620 K cannot be explained by a simple vacancy diffusion mechanism (5). https://scispace.com/papers/galaxy-evolution-explorer-ultraviolet-spectroscopy-and-deep-3agr5kfiyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-one-of-the-best-fits-of-a-power-law-on-the-spectrum-of-3vhyz5xa.png Fig. 1.—One of the best fits of a power law on the spectrum of ELAISC15 J003828 433848 at ( ) (top) and one of the worstz p 0.048 b p 1.58 0.04 for ELAISC15 J003531 434448 at ( ) (bottom).z p 0.286 b p 2.04 0.27 Note that because of its redshift, the fit of the latter spectrum was performed on fewer pixels, since we do not use pixels at .˚l ≤ 1200 A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-galex-color-plotted-against-the-uv-slopeb-esti-fuv-nuv-2m9gteq7.png Fig. 2.—GALEX color plotted against the UV slopeb esti-FUV NUV mated fromGALEX spectra. Our sample is represented as follows: Open squares are normal galaxies, and filled squares are Seyfert 2 galaxies. We use larger squares for galaxies with . There is no clear relationship betweenz ! 0.1 b and for the whole galaxy sample. However, there is a tightFUV NUV relationship if we use only galaxies at . Within theGALEX maximalz ! 0.1 0.1–0.15 uncertainty, all the lowest redshift galaxies closely follow the law (solid line) given by Kong et al. (2004) and the Kinney et al. (1993) templates (crosses) integrated intoGALEX bandpasses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multiwavelength-analysis-of-selected-galaxies-1q0fj885.png TABLE 1 Multiwavelength Analysis of Selected Galaxies https://scispace.com/papers/galaxy-and-mass-assembly-gama-the-environments-of-high-and-31l3q754pd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-the-stellar-masses-derived-by-1d15xr7a.png Figure 3. Comparison between the stellar masses derived by using the empirical relation in Taylor et al. (2011) (and used in this work) and those derived using the KCORRECT V4_2 code (Blanton & Roweis 2007). The solid line indicates where (logM − logMKCORRECT = 1.0 dex). Galaxies with spurious stellar masses (logM − logMKCORRECT > 1.0 dex; crosses) are removed from our analysis. The one-to-one relation is indicated by the red dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-normalized-radial-distance-of-radio-galaxies-15b8y4wd.png Figure 8. The normalized radial distance of radio galaxies from the group centre as a function of radio luminosity. Left: LERGs (red circles) and their controls (black crosses); right: HERGs (blue triangles) and their controls (black crosses). The radial distance is normalized by the radius containing 68 per cent of the group members, Rσ for each group. The horizontal lines indicate the median value of the radial distribution for radio galaxies (solid lines) and their control samples (dashed black lines) in the two different radio luminosity bins. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ks-test-probability-of-rejecting-the-null-hypothesis-sf5rnvoj.png Table 5. KS-test probability of rejecting the null hypothesis that the projected radial distribution of radio galaxies in groups is the same as their controls, for: the full sample, non-BCG group galaxies, non-IterCen group galaxies, BCGs (only for LERGs), IterCen galaxies (only for LERGs). Results are shown separately for the HERGFIRST sample (including all LERGs to the FIRST detection limit). The number in parenthesis after the probability is the number of radio galaxies considered in each analysis. The last column is the Z-score comparing the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρs) for radio galaxies and their control sample, where we test the correlation between radio luminosity and radial distribution. The control galaxies adopt the radio luminosity of their matched radio galaxy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-our-fifth-nearest-neighbour-analysis-for-2q09yl45.png Table 2. Results of our fifth nearest neighbour analysis for the full radio galaxy sample, and the sample divided by radio luminosity (at LNVSS = 1023.5 WHz−1). We list the number of galaxies used (N), the median fifth nearest neighbour density for the radio galaxies (log 5) and control galaxies (log 5, comp). We also give the KS test probabilities of rejecting the null hypothesis that the radio galaxies are drawn from the same distribution as the control. Lastly, we give Z( ρp), which is the Z-score comparing the partial correlation coefficient (ρp) of radio galaxies to their control, where ρp is testing the correlation between 5 and radio luminosity accounting for redshift dependence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-local-galaxy-density-5-as-a-function-of-stellar-33jwhhbz.png Figure 4. The local galaxy density ( 5) as a function of stellar mass. Left panel: the GAMA sample in the full redshift range of the density measurements (black points and contours), and radio-loud AGN of different classes (LERG; red filled circle and HERG; blue filled triangle). Also shown are non-radio GAMA galaxies with spurious stellar masses (crosses). Right panel: LERG and HERG samples matched to non-radio control galaxies (LERGcomp as magenta plus sign and HERGcomp as cyan cross). Open symbols indicate radio galaxies that have been removed because they do not have five non-radio control galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fraction-f-and-statistical-analysis-of-radio-1dr7xoad.png Table 4. Fraction (f) and statistical analysis of radio galaxies and their control sample that are in a group and are either the BCG or the central galaxy (IterCen). PN(D|Md) is the probability that the data fit a model in which the rates are different. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-fraction-of-bcgs-red-circles-and-non-bcg-3iahwr9k.png Figure 7. The fraction of BCGs (red circles) and non-BCG cluster galaxies (blue squares) that host a radio AGN (regardless of high- or low-excitation) as a function of stellar mass. We have defined clusters as groups with group luminosity brighter than 1011 h−2 L and zFoF < 0.4. The results from the Best et al. (2007) work for BCGs are in magenta inverted triangles and non-BCG cluster galaxies are in cyan triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-distance-from-the-radio-galaxies-and-their-2bfvtsj3.png Figure 11. The distance from the radio galaxies and their control sample (crosses) to the nearest group member as a function of radio luminosity for LERGs (left, red circles) and HERGs (right, blue triangles) separately. We use two different estimates of nearest neighbour distance; a three-dimensional distance (top) and a projected distance (bottom). The horizontal lines indicated the median values of Rnm and Rnm, proj in high- and low-luminosity bins (solid for radio galaxies and dashed for control galaxies). https://scispace.com/papers/galaxy-mass-profiles-from-strong-lensing-i-the-circular-6tkmk0n9e2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-uncertainty-on-the-mass-profile-slope-for-a-2iqnskdm.png Figure 3. The uncertainty on the mass profile slope for: A. Different values of γ with a fixed S = 100. The dashed line shows the isothermal slope and lines are spaced by ∆γ = 0.2; B. Different values of S with an isothermal slope. Values of S are labelled. The curve for S = 100 is compared with that derived from mock observations in Section 4. The labelled points represent the expected σγ for four systems in the BELLS GALLERY. For details of these systems see Table 2 in Shu et al. (2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-parameters-and-their-priors-for-the-synthetic-3mebtt3a.png Table 1. The parameters, and their priors, for the synthetic observations. The priors on the ellipticity parameters are equivalent to restricting the lens or source position angle to the range 0 ≤ φ < π. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-posterior-probability-density-function-in-four-fkugddu2.png Figure 5. The posterior probability density function in four of the eleven parameters for a system with θr = 0.51 or β = 0.31 arcsec. Contours indicate the 68%, 95% and 99.7% posterior density credible region. On the marginal distributions the dashed lines indicate the 68% posterior credible region, quantified above each. The true values used to create the observation are marked in red on each plot. The black dashed lines are the predicted correlations between the lens and source parameters. The gradients for these are given in Appendix A and an intercept is added such that each line passes through the posterior mode. For the sake of clarity we omit the posteriors for βSy , I0, ns , εSx , εSy , εx and εy . They are all well constrained and uncorrelated with the parameters above. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-image-structure-in-our-example-system-upper-3iz3r3yy.png Figure 1. The image structure in our example system (upper frame) with the inverse magnification for different mass profile slopes (lower frame). The dashed line shows µ(θ)−1 forγ = 2 with the other lines spaced by ∆γ = 0.2. The magnification diverges at θ = θE for all profiles and again towards the centre for profiles with γ < 2. The blue shaded areas are the images for a disc source (shown in orange at β) with γ = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-constraint-on-the-mass-profile-slope-sg-from-2tzinarh.png Figure 4. The constraint on the mass profile slope σγ from both sets of mock observations as a function of image position ratio, θr. The solid curve is the predicted constraint from the analysis in Section 2, specifically Eq. (31), with S = 100. The upper frames show the reff = 0.1 arcsec observations at the corresponding θr. Source position and Einstein radii are plotted as crosses and dotted curves respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contours-of-g-and-b-as-a-function-of-fr-and-thr-the-jjgr7jd8.png Figure 2. Contours of γ and β′ as a function of fr and θr. The dashed line shows the isothermal profile γ = 2 where fr = θr. Error bars around the isothermal slope are calculated from Eq. (22), for S = 100, and give an indication of the constraint on γ from the observables. For example, at θr = 0.8 the error bars suggest we should achieveσγ = 0.1, for S = 100. It becomes easier to constrainγ as θr decreases due to the shrinking fr error bars but also due to the increased spacing between contours of γ. Contours of β′ are found by solving Eq. (12) with the value of γ given by Eq. (17). https://scispace.com/papers/game-and-venison-meat-for-the-modern-consumer-4syijo21vs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nutritional-value-of-seven-game-species-compared-to-8wqaydc5.png Table 1 Nutritional value of seven game species compared to that of domesticated meat species https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-values-for-fatty-acid-composition-g-kg-1-in-m-1xwbchfh.png Table 3 Mean values for fatty acid composition (g kg 1) in M. longissimus from pasture and pellet-fed reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), respectively https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-total-fat-fatty-acid-composition-and-total-2zs68txt.png Table 2 Mean total fat (%), fatty acid composition (%) and total cholesterol content (mg 100 g 1) of the M. longissimus dorsi of the common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), blesbok (Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi), springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), impala (Aepyceros melampus), red hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus caama), black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou) blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), buttalo (Syncerus caffer) and zebra (Equus zebra) https://scispace.com/papers/game-theoretic-infrastructure-sharing-in-multioperator-gg8d4i7isv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-dse-switching-off-probabilities-bi6bvkmt.png TABLE II DSE SWITCHING OFF PROBABILITIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cost-matrix-of-the-proposed-game-37n1mcx9.png TABLE I COST MATRIX OF THE PROPOSED GAME https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-total-network-energy-efficiency-versus-roaming-cost-to-1pqlg80c.png Fig. 8. Total network energy efficiency versus roaming cost to select the appropriate α https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-total-network-annual-cost-validation-for-different-a-2shyhe0p.png Fig. 7. Total network annual cost validation for different (a) traffic profiles, (b) number of operators, and (c) roaming cost https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-dimensional-markov-state-transition-diagram-for-1kv9hpfw.png Fig. 3. Two-dimensional Markov state transition diagram for the voice and data traffic served in a BS (Note that for convenience, MNO and cell identification notations have been dropped.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-network-energy-efficiency-validation-for-29rtu8ed.png Fig. 5. Total network energy efficiency validation for different (a) traffic profiles, (b) number of MNOs, and (c) roaming cost https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-network-energy-efficiency-validation-for-1hwibs04.png Fig. 6. Average network energy efficiency validation for different number of operators and different (a) traffic profiles, (b) roaming costs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-dse-point-and-the-global-optimal-solution-9lerxsox.png Fig. 13. The DSE point and the global optimal solution https://scispace.com/papers/game-set-and-match-evaluating-the-efficiency-of-male-1auze5ku3q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-efficiency-scores-2ycdmxyp.png Table 3: Selected efficiency scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-truncated-regression-with-two-rb68yw31.png Table 4: Results of the truncated regression with two truncations: SBM efficiency measures (Algorithm 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-the-truncated-regression-with-one-21zmxezd.png Table 5: Results of the truncated regression with one truncation: SBM super efficiency measures (Algorithm 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-1dr458xg.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-plots-of-normalised-attacking-defensive-and-1m6tj5hd.png Figure 1: Contour plots of normalised attacking, defensive and overall technical efficiency scores with a single output https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-input-dropping-ranking-2pj762ny.png Table 2: The input dropping ranking https://scispace.com/papers/games-for-query-inseparability-of-description-logic-3wq7li3w07 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-db-block-is-generated-using-a-p-counter-on-a-211l7amu.png Figure 17: A Db-block is generated using a P−-counter on a tuple E. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-backward-game-gb-s-g2-g1-from-u0-7-w0-in-2yc3ed5r.png Figure 6: The backward game Gb Σ (G2,G1) from ({u0} 7→ w0) in Example 22: (a) an ω-winning strategy for player 1; (b) a fragment of the full game graph; (c) the infinite tree T for extracting ω-winning strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-a-generating-structure-g-b-its-unravellingm-c-the-1g631yqu.png Figure 18: (a) Generating structure G, (b) its unravellingM, (c) the unravellingM{a} of the extended generating structure G{a}, and (d) the extended generating structure G{a} (Π{a} is shaded). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ms2-andm-s-1-for-ph-c1-c2-c3-where-c1-p1-p2-c2-p1-1px6yy15.png Figure 7: MΣ2 andM Σ 1 for ϕ = c1 ∧ c2 ∧ c3, where c1 = p1 ∨ p2, c2 = ¬p1 ∨ p2 and c3 = ¬p2. The >/⊥ symbols on the arrows ofM Σ 2 indicate the truth value of the respective variable. Only one branch ofMΣ1 is shown in full detail, with the index of the missing role Ci in the black circle next to the arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-executing-the-instructions-of-m-3a0opxdo.png Figure 13: Executing the instructions of M′. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-materialisations-i2-and-i1-from-example-5-dotted-1tu5b7cq.png Figure 2: Materialisations I2 and I1 from Example 5 (dotted lines indicate a partial homomorphism) and their generating structures, G2 and G1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-co-ordination-of-starting-states-a-generating-1dc62uw8.png Figure 20: Co-ordination of starting states: (a) generating structure GΣ2 and extended generating structure (G X 1 ) Σ with ΠX = {w,ww′}; (b) the relevant fragment of the game graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-structure-of-s-homomorphisms-fromm2-tom1-note-287y2h6b.png Figure 12: The structure of Σ-homomorphisms fromM2 toM1: note that A, X1, X2 ∈ Σ but X3 < Σ. https://scispace.com/papers/gamified-crowdsourcing-conceptualization-literature-review-1p89vv9dmt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-types-2xguohnm.png Table 2. Study Types https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-publication-types-of-the-reviewed-papers-ken27qaq.png Table 1. Publication Types of the Reviewed Papers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-types-of-crowdsourced-work-38cy3mrj.png Table 4. Types of Crowdsourced Work https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-crowdsourcees-1yylkrm5.png Table 8. Crowdsourcees https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-gamification-affordances-per-crowdsourcing-type-253ymzcd.png Table 5. Gamification Affordances per Crowdsourcing Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-domains-3fx93vcb.png Table 3. Domains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-abstract-conceptualization-of-gamification-3a302fhh.png Figure 2. Abstract conceptualization of gamification according to Hamari et al. (2014); Huotari and Hamari (2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-on-gamified-crowdsourcing-13zup79r.png Table 10. Results on Gamified Crowdsourcing https://scispace.com/papers/gardens-wildlife-densities-and-subsistence-hunting-by-maya-3fqrwnxpvc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-8-monthly-phenology-of-squash-as-seven-selected-3byzhy9k.png Figure 6-8. Monthly phenology of squash as seven selected gardens during 1990 (n = 7 gardens). See Figure 6-6 for key to abbreviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-number-of-kills-per-hunter-a-total-of-47-hunters-3je06uhj.png Figure 3-9. Number of kills per hunter. A total of 47 hunters had only one or two kills each and are not shown here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-and-the-skill-necessary-to-obtain-a-great-curassow-w7ecvb30.png Table 3-1) and the skill necessary to obtain a great curassow due to its reclusive habits (see Table 3-8 and Appendix G). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-5-number-of-crops-per-garden-during-1989-n-150-dkqo8uvz.png Figure 6-5. Number of crops per garden during 1989 (n = 150 gardens, average = 5.9 crops per garden) and 1990 (n = 40 gardens, average = 3.9 crops per garden). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-5-seasonal-variation-of-major-crop-species-in-a-3gja5za7.png Table 5-5. Seasonal variation of major crop species in (a) coati stomach contents (n = 129 stomach samples, total volume analyzed = 4678.5 ml) and (b) collared peccary stomach contents (n = 29 stomach samples, total volume analyzed = 1829.0 ml), expressed as percent occurrence (% Occ.) and volume (% Vol.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-seasonal-variation-of-major-crop-species-in-a-paca-2tlevh1r.png Table 5-4. Seasonal variation of major crop species in (a) paca stomach contents (n = 36 stomach samples, total volume analyzed = 1886.5 ml) and (b) agouti stomach contents (n = 26 stomach samples, total volume analyzed = 1167.5 ml), expressed as percent occurrence (% Occ.) and volume (% Vol.). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-7-percent-frequency-of-game-kill-sites-in-late-1a6wuxm0.png Table 3-7. Percent frequency of game kill sites in Late Secondary Forest versus all Combined/Early Secondary Forest and x^ test results for the game taken by hunters at X-Hazil Sur. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-land-uses-and-vegetation-types-at-ejido-x-hazil-y-3bakie7k.png Table 2-1. Land uses and vegetation types at Ejido X-Hazil y Anexos, Quintana Roo, Mexico.' https://scispace.com/papers/garbage-collection-without-paging-2d8zs815sm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamic-memory-pressure-increasing-from-left-to-397f2ipf.png Figure 3: Dynamic memory pressure (increasing from left to right): average GC pause time runningpseudoJBB . BC’s average pause times remain unaffected by increasing memory pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-steady-memory-pressure-increasing-from-left-to-64xgggx6.png Figure 2: Steady memory pressure (increasing from left to right), where available memory is sufficient to hold only 40% of the heap. As the heap becomes tighter, BC runs 7 to 8 times faster than GenMS and in less than half the time needed by CopyMS. Bookmarking is faster and yields shorter pause times than simply resizing the heap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamic-memory-pressure-increasing-from-left-to-1bjmoeh9.png Figure 4: Dynamic memory pressure (increasing from left to right). BC runs up to 4x faster than the next best collector and up to 41x faster than GenMS. While shrinking the heap can help, BC runs up to 10x faster when also using bookmarks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-memory-usage-statistics-for-our-benchmark-suite-3r2s7mgh.png Table 1: Memory usage statistics for our benchmark suite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometric-mean-of-execution-time-relative-to-bc-1qmw24zr.png Figure 1: Geometric mean of execution time relative to BC absent memory pressure and across all benchmarks. At the smaller sizes, heap compaction allows BC to require less space while providing the best performance. Compaction is not needed at larger heap sizes, but BC typically continues to provide high performance. https://scispace.com/papers/gas-chromatographic-enantiomer-separation-of-atropisomeric-54gqgekupe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gaschromatogram-ecd-of-pcb-196-column-fusedsilica-2f2mq6nk.png Figure 4. Gaschromatogram(ECD) of PCB # 196. Column: fusedsilica 15 m60.25mm i. d. coatedwith a mixture of permethylated-b-CD, heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-tert-hexyldimethylsilyl)-b-CD and a home made silicone phaseOV-1701, 10:40:50%(w/w/w), df = 0.25lm (ColumnD). Conditions:splitlessinjectionat 1308C, isothermalfor 1 min, thentemperature programmedat 0.058/min to 1608C. Carriergas:H2 at 55cm/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gaschromatogram-ecd-of-pcb-congeners-column-jco7k5or.png Figure 3. Gaschromatogram(ECD) of PCB congeners.Column: fusedsilica 15m60.25mm I. D. coatedwith a mixture of permethylated-b-CD, heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-tert-hexyldimethylsilyl)-b-CD and a homemadesilicone phaseof OV-1701 type, 10:40:50%(w/w/w), df = 0.25lm (columnD). Conditions:splitlessinjectionat 1308C, isothermalfor 1 min, thentemperatureprogrammedat 0.058/min to 1808C. Carriergas:H2 at 40cm/s.Peaks:PCB# 95,91,149,and176. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gaschromatogram-ecd-of-pcb-congeners-column-ih2kkqwo.png Figure 2. Gaschromatogram(ECD) of PCB congeners.Column: fusedsilica 11 m60.25mm I. D. coatedwith heptakis(2,3-di-Omethyl-6-O-tert-hexyldimethylsilyl)-b-CD, 30%(w) in a dimethylsiloxane/silarylenecopolymercontaining5% phenylin thebackbone,df = 0.15lm (ColumnJ).Conditions:splitlessinjectionat 1308C, isothermalfor 1 min, thentemperatureprogrammedat 0.18/ min to 1808C. Carriergas:H2 at 50cm/s.Peaks:PCB# 45,91,95,and136. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gaschromatogram-ecd-of-a-mixture-of-pcb-congeners-a07lczmo.png Figure 1. Gaschromatogram(ECD) of a mixture of PCB congeners.Column: fusedsilica 15m60.25mm i. d. coatedwith a mixture of permethylated-b-CD and heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-b-CD and a home made silicone phaseOV-1701,10:40:50%(w/w/w), df = 0.25lm (ColumnC). Conditions:splitlessinjection at 1308C,isothermalfor 1 min, thentemperatureprogrammedat 0.058/min to 1808C. Carriergas:H2 at 40cm/s.Peaks:PCB# 45, 95, 91, 136,149,131,176, 175,and174. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gaschromatogram-ecd-of-o-p9-ddd-column-fusedsilica-3dlih1df.png Figure 5. Gaschromatogram(ECD) of o,p9-DDD. Column:fusedsilica 15m60.25mm i. d. coatedwith a mixtureof permethylatedb-CD, heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-b-CD and a homemadesilicone phaseOV-1701,10:40:50% (w/w/ w), df = 0.25lm (ColumnC). Conditions:splitlessinjection at 708C, isothermalfor 2 min, then temperatureprogrammedat 1.08/ min to 1408C. 1408C washeldfor 400min. Carriergas:H2 at 35cm/s. https://scispace.com/papers/gas-turbine-exhaust-gas-heat-recovery-by-organic-rankine-15g4nyvxv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermodynamic-properties-of-dowtherm-a-as-the-1by2occb.png Table 1 Thermodynamic properties of Dowtherm-A as the selected heat transfer fluid [20], [37]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermodynamic-properties-of-the-organic-working-bi8akh6h.png Table 2 Thermodynamic properties of the organic working fluids used in the ORC [38]–[42]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-exergy-destruction-within-the-cascade-system-2m3o4r80.png Fig. 9 Exergy destruction within the cascade system components with MM as the ORC working fluid https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-exergy-analysis-equations-20wpb0vd.png Table 4 Exergy analysis equations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-orc-maximum-pressure-versus-the-net-produced-power-8ruf5op2.png Fig. 14 ORC maximum pressure versus the net produced power for R124 as working fluid and a gas turbine exhaust temperature of 375 ˚C, series system Exergy destruction within different components of the series system, as well as the effluent exergy (State 4), are shown in Fig. 15 for refrigerant R124 in the series system. It is seen that the most exergy destructive components of the series system vary as a function of heat load. At lower heat loads, the gas stream entering the evaporator had a higher temperature, which resulted in a poorer temperature matching and more exergy destruction. In both HEX1 and HEX2, increasing heat load led to an increase in exergy destruction. In fact, an increase in heat load, although improved temperature profiles within these components, increased the heat transfer fluid mass flow rate and, as a result, the exergy destruction rates. Since the terminal temperature of the exhaust gas was kept constant, the exergy loss associated with the released gas had a constant value in all the conditions evaluated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-proposed-cogeneration-cascade-2t2jwm71.png Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the proposed cogeneration cascade system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-effect-of-the-heat-requirement-on-the-net-produced-2svpjk26.png Fig. 12 Effect of the heat requirement on the net produced power and the exergy efficiency of the series system for a gas turbine exhaust temperature of 525 ˚C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-effect-of-the-heat-requirement-on-the-net-produced-1voiug1w.png Fig. 13 Effect of the heat requirement on the net produced power and the exergy efficiency of the series system for a gas turbine exhaust temperature of 600 ˚C https://scispace.com/papers/gas-turbine-reheat-using-in-situ-combustion-final-report-14a5lj7wh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-oxygen-contours-for-cases-1-through-5-264fll05.png Figure 23 – Oxygen contours for cases 1 through 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-apparatus-3pwatj2a.png Figure 1 – Experimental apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-22-methane-variation-3khed1kx.png Table 22 – Methane variation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-contour-plots-of-methane-23ufa1ox.png Figure 8 – Contour plots of methane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-temperature-contours-for-case-3b1-top-large-1bubgeui.png Figure 3 – Total temperature contours for case 3B1. Top: large width, middle: medium width, bottom: small width injector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-detail-of-the-medium-grid-every-other-grid-point-7bey57kt.png Figure 17 – Detail of the medium grid (every other grid point in each direction shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mole-fraction-contours-for-case-3b1-top-large-width-2yl2av0l.png Figure 4 –Mole fraction contours for case 3B1. Top: large width, middle: medium width, bottom: small width injector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-oxygen-contours-and-velocity-vectors-for-cases-3-12oyueke.png Figure 28 – Oxygen contours and velocity vectors for cases 3 and 8. https://scispace.com/papers/gasdermin-d-dependent-il-1a-release-from-microglia-promotes-12ub0f0zcp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-il-1a-ko-mice-have-an-impaired-immune-response-to-3k3uf941.png Fig. 4 IL-1α KO mice have an impaired immune response to infection. WT C57B6/J, IL-1α KO, and IL-1β KO were infected i.p. with 10 cysts of the Me49 strain of T. gondii. 6 weeks p.i. brains were harvested and analyzed. a Genomic DNA was isolated from brain homogenate, and parasite DNA was quantified using real-time qPCR. Data compiled from two experiments; statistics performed using a randomized block ANOVA (two way). Data presented as mean values ± SEM. (n= 20 mice) For WT vs IL-1α KO p= 0.0259, for IL-1α KO vs IL-1β KO p= 0.0198. b, c Brain slices from WT (b) and IL-1α KO (c) were H&E stained and representative images are shown. Arrow heads indicate clusters of immune cells. Scale bar indicates 100 μm (images were taken at the same magnification). d–k Brains were processed to obtain a single cell suspension, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Paired averages from 4 or 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-microglia-lack-an-nf-kb-signature-in-the-infected-2r29f650.png Fig. 1 Microglia lack an NF-κB signature in the infected brain. a–d Chronically infected CX3CR1Cre-ERT2 × ZsGreenfl/stop/fl mice were sacrificed and brains were harvested and processed for flow cytometry (n= 4 mice). Samples were run on a BD Aria, gated on live/singlets/CD45+/CD11b+ from which ZsGreen+ and ZsGreen− populations were gated and sorted. Sorted cell populations were subjected to RNA sequencing. a Experimental setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-il-1a-is-released-by-microglia-isolated-from-infected-3iwn9t7e.png Fig. 5 IL-1α is released by microglia isolated from infected brains. Uninfected mice were fed either control chow or chow containing PLX5622 for 12 days prior to sacrifice. a mRNA levels of IL-1α were determined by https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-il-1r1-ko-mice-have-an-impaired-immune-response-to-1wywuoor.png Fig. 2 IL-1R1 KO mice have an impaired immune response to infection.WT C57B6/J or IL-1R1 KO mice were infected i.p. with 10 cysts of the Me49 strain of T. gondii. 6 weeks p.i. brains were harvested and homogenized. a Cyst burden per brain was determined by counting cysts in brain homogenate on a light microscope. Paired averages from five experiments are shown, and statistics were performed using a randomized block ANOVA (two way). p= 0.048 (n= 35 mice) b–i Brains from the same mice were processed to achieve a single cell suspension and analyzed by flow cytometry. Data compiled from four experiments; statistics were performed using a randomized block ANOVA (two way). (n= 33 mice). b Blood-derived myeloid cells were defined as CD11b+CD45hi, cells were pre-gated on singlets/live/CD45+/CD11c−, p= 2.07 × 10−7, representative flow plots are shown in (f, g). c The number of iNOS+ cells per brain were calculated, pre-gated on singlets/live/CD45+/CD11c−/CD11b+CD45hi, p= 3.99 × 10−7, representative flow plots are shown in (h, i). d, e CD8+ (p= 0.015) and CD4+ (p= 0.035) T cell numbers were calculated, pre-gated on singlets/live/CD3+. j, k Representative confocal images of focal areas of inflammation in chronically infected brains of WT (j) and IL-1R1 KO (k) mice. Scale bars indicate 50 μm. Source data (a–e) are provided as a Source data file. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-caspase-1-11-ko-mice-have-an-impaired-response-to-2fvwg3a3.png Fig. 6 Caspase-1/11 KO mice have an impaired response to infection. a, b Chronically infected C57B6/J mice were injected i.p. with 20mg/kg propidium iodide. 24 h later, mice were sacrificed and brains were imaged with confocal microscopy. A representative image is shown. c, dMice expressing ASC-citrine (c) or ASC-citrine and CX3CR1-creERT2ZsGreen (d) were infected with 10 cysts of the Me49 strain of T. gondii. 4 weeks post infection brains were harvested, cryopreserved, stained, and imaged. Arrows indicate ASC aggregates in Iba1+ cells (c) or in ZsGreen+ microglial cells (d). e–i WT and casp-1/11KO mice were infected with 10 cysts of the Me49 strain of T. gondii. 6 weeks p.i. brains were harvested and analyzed. Paired averages for 3–6 experiments are shown. e Cyst burden per brain was determined by counting cysts in brain homogenate on a light microscope. (n= 20 mice, p= 0.034). f Infiltrating myeloid cell populations were quantified by flow cytometry. Cells were pre-gated on singlets/live/CD45+/CD11c−. (n= 51 mice, p= 1.47 × 10−4). g iNOS+ cell populations were quantified, cells were pre-gated on singlets/live/CD45+/CD11c−/CD11b+/CD45hi. (n= 51 mice, p= 0.0024). h, i CD8+ and CD4+ T cell populations were quantified, cells were pre-gated on live/singlets/CD3+. h (n= 41 mice). g (n= 51 mice, p= 7.47 × 10−4). j, k Brain slices from WT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-inflammation-and-il-1a-release-depend-on-gasdermin-d-a-fn3y29ls.png Fig. 7 Inflammation and IL-1α release depend on gasdermin-D. a–c C57B6/J and Gasdermin D KO mice were infected i.p. with 10 cysts of the Me49 strain of T. gondii. 6 weeks p.i., mice were sacrificed and tissues were harvested for analysis. Data from two experiments are shown (n= 18 mice). a Cyst burden per brain was determined by counting cysts in brain homogenate on a light microscope, p= 8.14 × 10−4. b Brain tissue was processed for flow cytometry analysis and immune cell populations were quantified. All populations were previously gated on live/singlets. CD4+ and CD8+ were pregated on CD3+ T cells; DCs were pre-gated on CD45+ cells; infiltrating macrophage/monocytes (Mϕ) are defined as CD11c−CD11b+CD45hi; iNOS+ cells were gated within the Mϕ gate. p values from left to right are: 0.0017, 0.0812, 0.00048, 0.0012, and 0.00022. c Single cell suspension from brain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-il-1r1-is-expressed-by-brain-vasculature-a-b-brains-11e1882w.png Fig. 3 IL-1R1 is expressed by brain vasculature. a, b Brains from chronically infected C57B6/J WT mice were sectioned and stained with DAPI (blue) and antibodies against laminin (red) and IL-1R1 (green), showing parenchymal blood vessels. c–e WT (CD45.1) and IL-1R1 KO (CD45.2) mice were lethally irradiated and then reconstituted with bone marrow from either WT or IL-1R1 KO mice. Mice were allowed to reconstitute for 6 weeks and then were infected i.p. with 10 cysts of the Me49 strain of T. gondii. 4 weeks p.i. mice were sacrificed and their brains were harvested for analysis. (n= 39 mice). d Brains were homogenized and cysts were counted by light microscopy. e Brains were processed for flow cytometry and the numbers of total leukocytes were calculated. Cells were pre-gated on singlets/live. d, e Data compiled from two experiments, statistics performed using a randomized block ANOVA (two way). Data presented as mean values ± SEM. f WT and IL-1R1 KO mice were infected i.p. with 10 cysts of the Me49 strain of T. gondii. 6 weeks p.i. the mice were sacrificed and brains were homogenized, RNA was extracted, and qPCR analysis was performed. Data compiled from 2 (Ccl2) or 3 (Icam1, https://scispace.com/papers/gate-a-simulation-toolkit-for-pet-and-spect-29vcf0jeen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-pet-benchmark-set-up-9cbvo2g1.png Figure 4. Illustration of the PET benchmark set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-validation-result-summary-of-commercial-systems-1zglwtq5.png Table 4. Validation result summary of commercial systems already or currently considered for GATE validation in SPECT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-prototypes-dedicated-to-small-animal-imaging-2irvrgxz.png Table 5. Prototypes dedicated to small animal imaging modelled using GATE and features that have been studied using simulated data and summary validation results when available. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-validation-result-summary-of-commercial-systems-2ucrtll2.png Table 3. Validation result summary of commercial systems already or currently considered for GATE validation in PET. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-values-and-relative-standard-deviations-2s9lshv6.png Table 2. Average values and relative standard deviations (stdev) of the figures of merit used for the SPECT benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-1-8-collimator-2-1-2-4-crystal-8-5-1-2-back-3iqlssi8.png Table 3.1 ±1.8 Collimator 2.1 ±2.4 Crystal 8.5 ±1.2 Back-compartment 1.2 ±3.3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-particle-interactions-in-a-crystalsd-attached-to-a-2r97qmb8.png Figure 3. Particle interactions in a crystalSD attached to a scintillator block and a phantomSD attached to a volume filled with tissue material. The trajectory of particle A shows 1 hit in the phantomSD (Hit a1) and 4 hits in the crystalSD (Hit a2 to Hit a5). Particle B does not interact within a sensitive volume, thus no hit information is stored. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-layered-architecture-of-gate-1hku61m7.png Figure 1. Sketch of the layered architecture of GATE. https://scispace.com/papers/gating-modifier-toxin-interactions-with-ion-channels-and-tjqluwldp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-model-membranes-vesicles-commonly-used-in-peptide-36nrws6w.png Figure 4. Model membranes. Vesicles commonly used in peptide–membrane interaction studies are composed of a single lipid bilayer and are named small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), based on their sizes. An example of a transmembrane protein in a micelle (surfactant shown in red) and a nanodisc are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-on-the-binding-of-gating-modifier-toxins-to-22b3k52p.png Table 1. Studies on the binding of gating modifier toxins to lipid membranes lipid types https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lipid-composition-of-cell-membranes-relevant-to-gmts-39mgczv6.png Table 2. Lipid composition of cell membranes relevant to GMTs https://scispace.com/papers/gated-x-ray-detector-for-the-national-ignition-facility-3nfxsdcci4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-gated-x-ray-detector-1kxct25p.png FIG. 2. Block diagram of the Gated X-ray Detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-gated-x-ray-detector-pulled-outside-of-the-air-box-306svfrw.png FIG. 1. The Gated X-ray Detector pulled outside of the air box (top) and within (bottom). Various types of imaging and spectrometer nosecones can be placed in front of the detector when the instrument is in the NIF vacuum chamber. https://scispace.com/papers/gating-of-permanent-molds-for-aluminum-casting-50xxc9901g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-schematic-of-mold-3-3p6x4ipa.png Figure 15: Schematic of Mold 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-screenshot-of-heat-transfer-definition-options-34ip6vaq.png Figure 26: Screenshot of heat transfer definition options. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-68-edge-on-view-of-ess-34-rough-coating-2bkqsfx0.png Figure 68: EDGE – ON VIEW OF ESS 34 ROUGH COATING https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-cold-shut-casting-defect-9-3l5250v8.png Figure 1: Examples of cold shut casting defect [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-mold-components-2o2tjtm5.png Figure 2: Schematic of mold components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-72-189pfm6s.png Figure 72 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-screenshot-of-magmasoft-automatic-enmeshment-1j589h7u.png Figure 23: Screenshot of MAGMAsoft automatic enmeshment module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-showing-that-increasing-cell-numbers-9z7g3842.png Figure 5: Schematic showing that increasing cell numbers result in a better geometrical fit. [25] https://scispace.com/papers/gauging-the-transdisciplinary-qualities-and-outcomes-of-4qgqrh45st 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composite-scale-for-assessing-the-transdisciplinary-1921djvf.png Table 1. Composite scale for assessing the transdisciplinary (TD) qualities of doctoral dissertations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-transdisciplinarity-td-scores-of-1s2j9c9d.png Table 2. Differences in transdisciplinarity (TD) scores of dissertations produced by students from different departments https://scispace.com/papers/gdop-assisted-location-estimation-algorithms-in-wireless-1sf4ig0qgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-proposed-gole-algorithms-1pal0v3e.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the proposed GOLE algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-comparison-under-the-nlos-environment-with-1y9wpm2g.png Fig. 4. Performance comparison under the NLOS environment with both better (left: Gbxk = 1.44) and worse (right: G w xk = 11.08) geometric layouts (τm = 0.3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-comparison-under-the-nlos-environment-with-253fd6as.png Fig. 5. Performance comparison under the NLOS environment with worse geometric layout (Gwxk = 11.08): RMS error v.s. median value of NLOS noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-network-topologies-for-performance-evaluation-left-3ku4sgnm.png Fig. 3. Network topologies for performance evaluation (left plot: better geometric layout with Ggxk = 1.44; right plot: worse geometric layout with Gbxk = 11.08). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-network-layout-for-gdop-2qrnp5mm.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the network layout for GDOP computation. https://scispace.com/papers/gekko-hiper-driven-shock-waves-and-equation-of-state-15y5s0qi4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-laser-energy-dependence-of-the-generated-pressure-in-2cvynjva.png FIG. 10. Laser energy dependence of the generated pressure in Al. The solid gray curve shows a scaling law. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-streaked-image-with-double-standard-target-by-3i9ffwab.png FIG. 8. Streaked image with double standard target by reflected light measurements. The step heights of Al and Cu are 19.68 and 19.79mm, respectively. The tAl and tCu indicate transit time for the shock traveling through each step, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-reflectivity-signal-r-and-the-intensity-owvl8uh2.png FIG. 6. Typical reflectivity signal~R!, and the intensity profile of reflected ~r ! and incident~i! probe light to determine the reflectivity. Horizontal gray line shows 100% reflection. Shock arrival time is indicated by an arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-typical-result-with-visar-a-raw-streaked-image-time-21jo759r.png FIG. 7. Typical result with VISAR.~a! Raw streaked image. Time proceeds from the left to the right.~b! The intensity profile is at an arbitrary position. Al base plate was 40mm thickness, and laser intensity was 6.6 31013 W/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cu-and-al-hugoniot-data-solid-circle-and-triangle-are-6io0zpfh.png FIG. 9. Cu and Al Hugoniot data. Solid circle and triangle are present data. Open circles and triangles are results with nuclear explosions and gas guns ~Refs. 13 and 36!. Gray circles are Cu data driven by laser~Ref. 16!. Impedance matching process is represented as an arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-schematic-three-streak-cameras-were-used-2e6sjd44.png FIG. 1. Experimental schematic. Three streak cameras were used to observe a target rear event at the same time. The numbers 7, 8, and 9 beam are PCL, and the others are SSD beams. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-summarized-hugoniot-data-solid-and-open-symbols-36ujgons.png FIG. 11. Summarized Hugoniot data. Solid and open symbols indicate experimental data from present and previous works, respectively. Triangles, diamonds, circles, and squares denote PS, Al, Fe, and Ta, respectively~Refs. 12 and 35!. Dotted curves are theoretical Hugoniots calculated by the SESAME model~Ref. 7!. In PS, open triangles are results from the laser indirectly driven experiments with hohlraum~Ref. 19!. https://scispace.com/papers/gcam-3-0-agriculture-and-land-use-data-sources-and-methods-4152h4mrxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-crop-residue-biomass-parameters-3o2g8on5.png Table A.5. Crop residue biomass parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-mapping-from-usda-subregions-to-aezs-in-the-usa-1g8wxdz4.png Table 2.2. Mapping from USDA subregions to AEZs in the USA region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-mapping-from-gis-land-types-sage-hyde-to-gcam-land-2ryx1zho.png Table 4.1. Mapping from GIS land types (SAGE, HYDE) to GCAM land types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-portion-of-each-gcam-regions-cropland-that-is-25tz7a95.png Table 4.2: Portion of each GCAM region’s cropland that is fallow. Source: FAO RESOURCESTAT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-summary-of-gcam-refining-technologies-inputs-per-2lt6utpd.png Table 3.1: Summary of GCAM Refining Technologies, inputs per GJ of refined liquid output3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-sources-used-for-parameters-relevant-for-residue-17dlxmcx.png Table A.6. Sources used for parameters relevant for residue biomass and cropland vegetation carbon contents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-agricultural-commodities-in-gcam-2kfm7x5i.png Table 2.1. Agricultural commodities in GCAM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-yields-and-costs-for-dedicated-bioenergy-crops1-1l4dg6kn.png Table 2.3: Yields and Costs for Dedicated Bioenergy Crops1 https://scispace.com/papers/gender-differences-in-the-transition-to-adulthood-in-france-txjx17ykh6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-estimates-for-log-hazards-of-entry-into-first-21xi97jv.png Table 1 Model estimates for log hazards of entry into first union; selected models https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-301v8wh7.png Table 4 (continued): https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-estimates-for-log-hazards-of-entry-into-first-3vwr3ogy.png Table 5 Model estimates for log hazards of entry into first parenthood https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-effects-of-interaction-between-enrolment-ci9morq9.png Figure 3 Estimated effects of interaction between enrolment and employment status on entry into first union for selected years (without main period effect). The asterisk denotes the baseline level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-effects-of-level-of-education-attained-on-h4sjffy8.png Figure 2 Estimated effects of level of education attained on entry into first union for selected years (without main period effect). The asterisk denotes the baseline category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-effects-of-level-of-education-attained-on-1lvl405r.png Figure 4 Estimated effects of level of education attained on entry into first parenthood for selected years (without main period effect). The asterisk denotes the baseline category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-effects-of-the-interaction-between-2goig12c.png Table 3 Estimated effects of the interaction between educational level and time period on entry into first union https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-estimated-effects-of-interaction-between-enrolment-29y054zp.png Figure 5 Estimated effects of interaction between enrolment and employment status on entry into parenthood for selected years (without main period effect). The asterisk denotes the baseline level. https://scispace.com/papers/gender-weather-shocks-and-welfare-evidence-from-malawi-171sivacez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-distribution-of-the-sample-vsqnt64l.png Figure 1: Geographical distribution of the sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-households-hit-by-positive-rainfall-1hyzexcy.png Figure 3: Percentage of households hit by positive rainfall shocks level and year https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-households-hit-by-temperature-shock-1xk7eok1.png Figure 2: Percentage of households hit by temperature shock level and year https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weather-shocks-on-consumption-non-food-consumption-jfaztei6.png Table 2: Weather shocks on consumption, non-food consumption, daily caloric intake and the role of policies – selected coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-welfare-climate-and-control-3312b0wd.png Table 1: Summary statistics of welfare, climate, and control variables in our panel https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gender-differentiated-impact-of-weather-shocks-33sr2ry4.png Table 3: Gender differentiated impact of weather shocks – selected coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gender-differentiated-impact-of-weather-shocks-3t8d9tti.png Table 4: Gender differentiated impact of weather shocks across lineage of land tenure https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-shocks-and-adoption-by-district-1lnub6sj.png Table 5: Shocks and adoption by district https://scispace.com/papers/gene-networks-underlying-faster-flowering-induction-in-43h9sm61w7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-logfc-2-frd-0-05-of-up-and-down-regulated-flowering-2mq9catj.png Table 1. LogFC > 2 [FRD < 0.05] of up- and down-regulated flowering-related genes identified at each time-point when comparing blue-enriched with far-red enriched lights. ns = not significant https://scispace.com/papers/general-aspects-and-historical-background-1a4eos313s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-number-of-published-papers-on-fc-alkylation-29jtnnnr.png Figure 1.1 Number of published papers on FC-alkylation reactions (1928–2007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-pictorial-representation-of-molecular-composition-rqf3obs7.png Figure 1.2 Pictorial representation of molecular composition and activity of chiral organometallic catalysts. https://scispace.com/papers/gene-discoveries-in-autism-are-biased-towards-comorbidity-3unn62jpqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-individuals-carrying-variants-in-autism-associated-1kcaa8hs.png Table 1. Individuals carrying variants in autism-associated genes with comorbid ID. 348 https://scispace.com/papers/general-lessons-from-a-rely-guarantee-development-365x7nokzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-code-for-mark-22fqve6f.png Fig. 1. Code for Mark https://scispace.com/papers/generalization-in-fully-connected-neural-networks-for-time-1dhb0u9bq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-train-error-and-trace-norm-of-the-input-hessian-t-1cmq9ksu.png Fig. 4. The train error and trace norm of the input Hessian (T) and the weight Hessian (B) for the noisy sine with c = 0.1 for 20 trained networks. The neural network has 1 (L) and 10 (R) layers with 500 nodes per layer and is trained for a different number of iterations (10,000 and 100,000). Training longer results in a solution of higher complexity as measured by the norms of the input and weight Hessians. This solution has a smaller train error but will likely result in worse generalization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-convergence-of-the-network-of-size-ndepth-1-l-and-29fmn33w.png Fig. 2. The convergence of the network of size Ndepth = 1 (L) and Ndepth = 10 (R) and Nwidth = 500 with = 0.05 for the input Hessian (T) and the input Jacobian (B) on random noise data; the loss decreases with iterations, but the input norms of the Jacobian and Hessian increase, as the output function increases in complexity. The input Jacobian and Hessian can give indication for when a network starts overfitting on the noise. This can then be avoided by making a trade-off between complexity and train error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-mse-and-hit-rate-for-different-batch-sizes-and-1prvdr1n.png Table 1 The MSE and hit rate for different batch sizes and iteration numbers. A higher trace of the input or weight Hessian results in a lower hit rate and a higher MSE. Training longer results in a higher error and using a smaller batch size results in a smaller weight Hessian in the final layer, but does not seem to correspond to a better performance due to, e.g. underfitting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mse-for-different-batch-sizes-and-iteration-16jco7oc.png Table 2 The MSE for different batch sizes and iteration numbers. A higher trace of the input or weight Hessian corresponds to a worse test set MSE due to overfitting on the noise. As usual, training longer and using larger batch sizes results in more overfitting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-generalization-error-and-the-trace-of-the-input-l-1dozw14k.png Fig. 8. The generalization error and the trace of the input (L) and weight (R) Hessians for the noisy sine function with c = 0.3 for different batch sizes. The neural network has 1 (T) and 10 (B) layers with 100 nodes per layer. Training with a smaller batch size results in a minimum with smaller values of its input and weight Hessian, which means a smoother output function and a wider minimum in weight space. Smaller batch sizes thus result in functions which can generalize better. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-generalization-error-with-respect-to-the-weight-3krupdae.png Fig. 9. The generalization error with respect to the weight Hessian multiplied by the weight vector as defined in (8) for a network with 1 (L) and 10 (R) layers for the noisy sine function with c = 0.3. A linear trend is observed with a smaller Hessian giving a lower generalization error. The scaled Hessian as a measure for generalization seems to be as accurate as the unscaled Hessian, showing that the scaling sensitivity is not a significant problem for the minima found with SGD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-functions-learned-by-the-network-on-the-sine-data-ouk94wr5.png Fig. 6. The functions learned by the network on the sine data with c = 0.3 with 1000 (L) and 10,000 (R) iterations with a network of one layer (T) and 10 layers (B). With more noise the network is prone to overfitting, especially in the deep network. A smaller number of training iterations results in a lower Hessian which clearly results in a smoother function with lower test error. https://scispace.com/papers/generalized-van-der-waals-theory-for-phase-behavior-of-two-28imwxdnar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-surface-pressure-a-function-of-area-density-for-a-3oyx9eg0.png FIG. 6. Surface pressure a function of area density, for a system with no interaction and the following values of L/B (increasing in the direction of the arrow): 1.5, 6, 14, and 100. The inset shows the region of small pressure, in linear scale. The dotted line represents the metastable isotropic phase in conditions where the order phase is the equilibrium one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-surface-pressure-as-a-function-of-area-density-for-3exox91o.png FIG. 7. Surface pressure as a function of area density for systems without isotropic interactions (χ = 0). The insets show the behavior for small pressures, in linear scale. (a) L/B = 1.5; ν = 0, 0.65, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9, and 4.65 (note that the first few values are difficult to distinguish due to the proximity of the different curves, and some are not shown in the inset). (b) L/B = 6; ν = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.45, 0.76, 1, and 1.22. (c) L/B = 14; ν = 0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.185, 0.3, 0.45, and 0.575. (d) L/B = 100; ν = 0, 0.02, 0.033, 0.05, 0.0675, 0.083, and 0.093. Increasing ν decreases the pressure at constant surface density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-surface-pressure-as-a-function-of-area-density-for-12usm06a.png FIG. 8. Surface pressure as a function of area density for systems without nematic interactions (ν = 0). The insets show the behavior for small pressures, in linear scale. (a) L/B = 6; χ = 0, 0.5, 0.825, 1.2, and 1.47. (b) L/B = 14; χ = 0, 0.13, 0.26, 0.4, and 0.52. (c) L/B = 100; χ = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.096. Increasing ν decreases the pressure at constant surface density. Results for L/B = 1.5 are not shown as the curves are barely distinguishable from the isotropic case shown in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-order-disorder-transition-for-an-athermal-system-a-dnculvav.png FIG. 1. Order-disorder transition for an athermal system. (a) Order parameter as a function of the scaled area density, for different values of L/B = 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6, 9, 14, 20, 40, 100, and 10 000, increasing as indicated by the arrow. The nematic order parameter S2 is indicated with a full line and, for L/B = 1.5, the tetratic order parameter S4 is indicated with a dashed line. (b) Area density at the order-disorder transition, φIN, for small values of L/B. Different ordering transitions (full line) are indicated as follows: in region 1, isotropic-tetratic; in region 2, discontinuous isotropic-nematic; in region 3, continuous isotropic-nematic. Tetratic-nematic transition is indicated with the dashed line. In the inset, the scaled area density φ∗IN is shown in the whole range of L/B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-density-at-the-order-disorder-transition-as-a-function-2ii77rf4.png FIG. 3. Density at the order-disorder transition as a function of the quadrupolar order parameter, for the same values of L/B as in Fig. 1. The inset shows the inverse of the quadrupolar interaction parameter vs scaled density at the transition, for the same values of L/B as in Fig. 1. Regions 1, 2, and 3 indicate different phase transitions as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-order-parameter-as-a-function-of-the-scaled-density-6llevmsy.png FIG. 2. Order parameter as a function of the scaled density, for L/B = 10 000 (a) and 1.5 (b), and the following values of the quadrupolar order parameter (increasing as indicated by the arrow): (a) 0, 0.0625, 0.175, 0.45, 1.25, 3.75, and 16 and (b) 0, 0.5, 1.2, 2.3, 4.65, 10, and 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pressure-of-the-isotropic-phase-as-a-function-of-area-3sd9q6xi.png FIG. 4. Pressure of the isotropic phase as a function of area density, for a system with no interaction and the following values of L/B (increasing in the direction of the arrow): 1, 2, 5, 15, 60, 200, 800, 2500, and 10 000. The inset shows the region of small pressure, in linear scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-surface-pressure-of-the-isotropic-phase-as-a-function-2yner4es.png FIG. 5. Surface pressure of the isotropic phase as a function of area density. The insets show the behavior for small pressures, in linear scale, where ideal behavior is plotted as a dotted line. (a)L/B = 1.5; χ = 0, 0.75, 1.9, 3.2, 3.9, and 4.3. (b) L/B = 6; χ = 0,0.5, 0.975, 1.2, 1.33, and 1.47. (c) L/B = 14; χ = 0, 0.26, 0.52, 0.7, 0.82, and 0.91. (d) L/B = 100; χ = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.335, 0.425, and 0.485. For a given surface density, increasing χ decreases the pressure. The last χ , corresponding to red curves (in the online color version) with the horizontal inflection point, is the critical χ for each L/B. https://scispace.com/papers/generation-of-a-cw-local-oscillator-signal-using-a-qwzidf4xu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-13-layout-for-testing-linewidth-of-fabry-perot-2d05g95c.png Figure 5.13 – Layout for Testing Linewidth of Fabry-Perot Laser https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-12-layout-of-homodyne-receiver-feedback-loops-3mfwpg4m.png Figure 6.12 – Layout of Homodyne Receiver (Feedback Loops Omitted) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-20-rf-spectrums-of-heterodyne-mixing-yellow-3auwr9uw.png Figure 5.20 – RF Spectrums of Heterodyne Mixing. Yellow = Injected Signal, Blue = Strongly Locked FP Laser https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-24-mtr-of-fabry-perot-laser-for-various-injected-1xf274k5.png Figure 5.24 - MTR of Fabry-Perot Laser for Various Injected Powers (at 128MHz) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-02-example-of-feedback-system-for-a-fabry-perot-2eo9lohf.png Figure 2.02 – Example of Feedback System for a Fabry-Perot Optical Bandpass Filter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-12-output-of-lock-in-amplifier-1-with-feedback-39mvcgxj.png Figure 4.12 – Output of Lock-In Amplifier #1 With Feedback https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-25-source-of-additional-oscillatory-modes-n7jrht0k.png Figure 5.25 – Source of Additional Oscillatory Modes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-21-layout-for-determining-phase-coherence-between-116a8xl8.png Figure 5.21 – Layout for Determining Phase Coherence Between Injected Signal and Fabry-Perot Laser Output https://scispace.com/papers/generation-of-fast-interpreters-for-huffman-compressed-30ugtwmqs0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-general-c-codeof-opcode-decoders-275dz35l.png Fig. 5. General C codeof opcode decoders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-vectorsbase-w-aka-basew-and-disp-disp-for-zipf-3emriu54.png Table 1 The vectorsbase_w (aka basew) and disp (disp) for Zipf-200 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-c-code-for-a-very-compact-but-slow-decoder-for-31i3wrho.png Fig. 3. C code for a very compact, but slow, decoder for canonical ascending Huffman codes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zipf-200-and-timing-for-two-decoders-78x1ypro.png Table 2 Zipf-200 and timing for two decoders https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-simple-technique-for-line-1-offig-5-1ul9sos8.png Fig. 6. A simple technique for line 1 ofFig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-absolute-execution-time-in-seconds-for-the-original-20sf51lo.png Table 3 Absolute execution time, in seconds, for the original (i.e. non-compressed) Java benchmarks with modified Harissa JVM on Pentium andSPARC; and the size of the original bytecodes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relative-speed-and-compressionfactors-i-e-compressed-sq0xrxug.png Fig. 7. Relative speed and compressionfactors (i.e. compressed code size/original code size) of Java benchmarks with modified Harissa JVM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-creation-of-instruction-set-i-s-decoder-and-22vrnlsf.png Fig. 1. Creation of instruction set, i s decoder and interpreter. https://scispace.com/papers/generation-of-eigenstates-using-the-phase-estimation-9ch7ao7zh2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-lower-bound-onp8-as-a-function-ofg-for-u-f-vq-vq-3qjm299m.png FIG. 2. The lower bound onp8 as a function ofG for u f (vq ,@vq#)u250.6 and various values ofp. The circles indicate the points at which the minimum ofp8 equalsp. https://scispace.com/papers/generation-of-interleaved-pulses-on-time-wavelength-grid-by-3863uzfvfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-trace-and-spectrum-of-laser-output-and-3jfi7wtp.png Fig. 3 Time trace and spectrum of laser output and corresponding spectrogram in presence of additional phase modulator, with theoretical evolution of maximum of UMZI transfer function against time (solid line) and experimental data (points) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-trace-and-spectrum-of-laser-output-and-32cjsvm8.png Fig. 2 Time trace and spectrum of laser output and corresponding spectrogram, with theoretical evolution of maximum of UMZI transfer function against time (solid line) and experimental data (points) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-pc-polarisation-controller-umzi-3vdh1ylj.png Fig. 1 Experimental setup PC: polarisation controller; UMZI: unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer; AOFS: acousto-optic frequency shifter; FMZ: fibre Mach-Zehnder; OC: output coupler; PM: phase modulator https://scispace.com/papers/generation-of-symmetric-periodic-orbits-by-a-heteroclinic-1svita7kk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-map-p-29t7bv20.png Figure 1: The map π. https://scispace.com/papers/generational-involvement-in-the-top-management-team-of-4lb728s8dy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-regression-on-entrepreneurial-orientation-2nqjyjf4.png Table 2: Results of Regression on Entrepreneurial Orientation https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-adversarial-training-of-decision-trees-3czihj6c8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-metasilvae-1saoshmq.png Table 2: Performance of MetaSilvae https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impact-of-different-weights-1juebp5p.png Figure 5: Impact of Different Weights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-datasets-1k41ttt7.png Table 1: Summary of datasets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-convergence-speed-87qgkdsw.png Figure 6: Convergence Speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-classifiers-trained-with-scikit-learn-left-and-2apmi43y.png Figure 1: Classifiers trained with scikit-learn (left) and MetaSilvae (right) on the same dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-random-forests-vs-metasilvae-1vj61f9r.png Table 3: Comparison Random Forests vs MetaSilvae https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-decision-trees-1-left-and-2-right-2do6g2at.png Figure 2: Two decision trees 𝑡1 (left) and 𝑡2 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-efficiency-of-ah19-and-metasilvae-6jc4c037.png Table 6: Efficiency of AH19 and MetaSilvae https://scispace.com/papers/genesis-of-streamwise-localized-solutions-from-globally-3w30ltc3xt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-edzth-at-dots-along-the-continuation-1feuamnq.png FIG. 3 (color online). EðzÞ at dots along the continuation curve (Fig. 2). Inset: Behavior close to the bifurcation as the solution increases in amplitude. Main: Further continuation up to the secondary bifurcation as the solution localizes. Solutions (e)–(h) have been aligned to demonstrate solution evolution along the continuation curve. Solution (e) is plotted in both the main panel and the inset for comparison. Note EðzÞ has two wavelengths to every wavelength of N3 due to the Ω2 symmetry [see solution (a)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-continuation-of-the-bifurcation-from-the-2m2apr0c.png FIG. 2 (color online). Continuation of the bifurcation from the N3 traveling wave (three copies in z) in α plotted against the friction factor, Λ. The curve initially bifurcates towards smaller domains before turning in a saddle node. After this the solution begins to localize. At α ≈ 0.26 a secondary bifurcation breaks the Ω3;T=6 symmetry leading to a second localized solution (plotted in red or dashed). Dots (a)–(h) correspond to solutions plotted in Fig. 3 and (i) and (j) to those plotted in Fig. 4. Inset right: Zoomed into region near bifurcation. Inset below: Zoomed into α < 0.15 region demonstrating linear behavior as domain length tends to infinity (α → 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-localization-of-the-bifurcation-from-the-3rpsu04d.png FIG. 1 (color online). Localization of the bifurcation from the N2 traveling wave (three copies in z). Main plot: EðzÞ≔ R 2π0 dθ R 1 0 sds 1 2 u2 demonstrating localization along the continuation curve. Inset: Continuation in α ¼ 2π=L against the friction factor, Λ (the axial pressure gradient averaged over the whole pipe and multiplied by R=ρU2, where R is the pipe radius and U the mean axial flow speed). The branch moves towards smaller domains before turning in a saddle-node bifurcation and localizing. The friction factor’s linear dependence upon α signals localization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-energy-in-streaks-th-dependent-streamwise-wxms4g5y.png FIG. 4 (color online). Energy in streaks (θ-dependent streamwise flow) and rolls (θ-dependent cross-stream flow) as a function of downstream position, z, for the two R3-symmetric localized solutions: the Ω3;T=6 symmetric solution, labeled (i); and symmetry-broken solution, labeled (j). Dotted vertical lines indicate slice locations for velocity visualization plotted in Fig. 5. Panel (a): Logarithm of energy, the Ω3;T=6 symmetric solution spans approximately 120R including exponential tails while the symmetry-broken solution has length of approximately 180R. Panel (b): Focused onto the center of the domain, the amplitude of the solutions differ but have very similar roll and streak structure (not plotted). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-flow-deviation-from-laminar-state-at-3394mvzm.png FIG. 5 (color online). Flow (deviation from laminar state) at slices (a)–(d) corresponding to the dotted lines, left to right, in Fig. 4 for solution (i). Downstream flow plotted using contours with white for relatively fast flow, and red for slow flow. Arrows indicate cross-stream flow. https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-analysis-of-sensation-seeking-with-an-extended-twin-41ttyzdj1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-number-of-families-in-the-sample-with-a-specific-3qxakc26.png Table I. The Number of Families in the Sample with a Specific Family Constitution https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-parameter-estimates-of-the-additive-genetic-models-1mi9d9wq.png Table V. Parameter Estimates of the Additive Genetic Models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-extended-twin-design-graphical-representation-of-the-1p7u56rj.png Fig. 1. Extended twin design. Graphical representation of the variance decomposition of the covariance matrix into A, C and E components. Correlations of A components are constrained to the value of 1 for MZ, and to 0.5 for DZ, and twin-sib pairs. The interindividual correlations of the C components (Rc(t#,t$), Rc(t#,s#), Rc(t$,s$), Rc(t#,s$) and Rc(s#,t$)) may be estimated or constrained to 1 for MZ, DZ, and twin-sib pairs, and the E components are left uncorrelated across family members. The variances of all latent variables are constrained to 1, and the factor loadings (am, cm, em, af, cf and ef) are estimated, and constrained to be equal within males and females. Although means are estimated they are not included in the figure. Age was included in the model, but is not drawn explicitly, in order to keep the figure orderly. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-descriptive-statistics-for-each-of-the-sensation-nxq5wy0k.png Table II. Descriptive Statistics for Each of the Sensation Seeking Subscales https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-twin-and-twin-sibling-correlations-by-zygosity-3bg0c414.png Table IV. Twin, and Twin-Sibling Correlations by Zygosity Based on the Restricted Saturated Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-goodness-of-fit-indices-results-of-the-nested-3b0prgjc.png Table III. Goodness-of-Fit Indices Results of the Nested Sequence of Saturated Models https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-and-morphological-differentiation-of-porphyra-and-3ie05jabwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-images-of-macro-and-micromorphology-of-pyropia-jr7q234m.png Figure 8. Images of macro and micromorphology of Pyropia variabilis sp. nov. (CHK) 68 Green Morph (GM), SGO168334, isotype, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, 69 Chile (Table S1). A) Habit of the foliose gametophyte sampled from the intertidal zone in 70 Maitencillo beach, Valparaíso, Chile (scale bar = 10 cm). B) Surface view of basal, 71 rhizoidal cells. C) Surface view of vegetative region of the thallus. D) Cross-section of 72 vegetative region of thallus. E) Surface view of zygotosporangia. F) Cross-section of 73 zygotosporangial region of thallus. G) Surface view of spermatangia (smaller and 74 colourless). H) Cross-section of spermatangial region of thallus. Scale bar B-H = 20 µm. 75 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-images-of-macro-and-micromorphology-of-porphyra-1gcr0kfs.png Figure 7. Images of macro and micromorphology of Porphyra longissima sp. nov., 58 SGO168348, holotype, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile (Table S1). A) 59 Habit of the foliose gametophyte sampled from the intertidal zone in Maitencillo beach, 60 Valparaíso, Chile (scale bar = 10 cm). B) Surface view of basal, rhizoidal cells. C) Surface 61 view of vegetative region of the thallus. D) Cross-section of vegetative region of thallus. E) 62 Surface view of zygotosporangia. F) Cross-section of zygotosporangial region of thallus. 63 G) Surface view of spermatangia (smaller and colourless). H) Cross-section of 64 spermatangial region of thallus. Scale bar B-H = 20 µm. 65 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-afa-i-cut-sites-base-position-among-the-variable-hwea5ncq.png Table 2. AFA I cut sites (base position) among the variable bases of the aligned rbcL 852 sequences of Pyropia sp. CHK, Pyropia orbicularis, Porphyra sp. CHE and Porphyra sp. 853 CHC. A total of 873 sites were analyzed using the program Webcutter 2.0. We show base 854 positions going from the forward to the reverse primers and indicate as reference for base 855 position the rbcL sequence AB818919.1 of Pyropia yezoensis retrieved from Genbank. It is 856 worth mentioning that amplified fragments used for PCR-RFLP were larger (1230 bp) than 857 our obtained sequences (873 bp). See Materials and Methods for more details. 858 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tif-figure-9-tif-2v9vr0h5.png Figure 8. Images of macro and micromorphology of Pyropia variabilis sp. nov. (CHK) 68 Green Morph (GM), SGO168334, isotype, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, 69 Chile (Table S1). A) Habit of the foliose gametophyte sampled from the intertidal zone in 70 Maitencillo beach, Valparaíso, Chile (scale bar = 10 cm). B) Surface view of basal, 71 rhizoidal cells. C) Surface view of vegetative region of the thallus. D) Cross-section of 72 vegetative region of thallus. E) Surface view of zygotosporangia. F) Cross-section of 73 zygotosporangial region of thallus. G) Surface view of spermatangia (smaller and 74 colourless). H) Cross-section of spermatangial region of thallus. Scale bar B-H = 20 µm. 75 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nested-permanova-carried-out-on-the-eight-1ra8upqe.png Table 3. Nested Permanova carried out on the eight microscopic and two macroscopic morphological characters measured for four dominant sympatric Pyropia and Porphyra species. Null hypothesis: no morphological differences between species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pcr-rflp-profiles-resulting-from-the-digestion-of-wnyxx5kq.png Figure 3. PCR-RFLP profiles resulting from the digestion of the 1230 bp rbcL amplification fragment by the enzyme AFA I. Restriction pattern observed for the four dominant genetic species found at the intertidal in Maitencillo Beach are shown. Legend for each lane corresponds to: Marker, molecular weight marker (bp: base pairs); Po. CHC = Porphyra sp. CHC; Po. CHE = Porphyra sp. CHE, Py. CHK = Pyropia sp. CHK; and Py. orb = Pyropia orbicularis. PD: primer dimer products. 84x90mm (96 x 96 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-habits-and-morphological-features-of-pyropia-dac7axxp.png Table 4. Habits and morphological features of Pyropia variabilis sp. nov. (CHK), Porphyra 1 luchensis sp. nov. (CHE), Porphyra longissima sp. nov. (CHC), and Pyropia orbicularis 2 from Maitencillo beach, Valparaíso, Chile. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-images-of-macro-and-micromorphology-of-pyropia-36v82687.png Figure 9. Images of macro and micromorphology of Pyropia variabilis sp. nov. (CHK) 77 Long Morph (LM), SGO168333, holotype, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, 78 Chile (Table S1). A) Habit of the foliose gametophyte sampled from the intertidal zone in 79 Maitencillo beach, Valparaíso, Chile (scale bar = 10 cm). B) Surface view of basal, 80 rhizoidal cells. C) Surface view of vegetative region of the thallus. D) Cross-section of 81 vegetative region of thallus. E) Surface view of zygotosporangia. F) Cross-section of 82 zygotosporangial region of thallus. G) Surface view of spermatangia (smaller and 83 colourless). H) Cross-section of spermatangial region of thallus. Scale bar B-H = 20 µm. 84 https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-determinants-of-co-accessible-chromatin-regions-in-t-3nmscau10f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-genetic-variants-that-affect-chromatin-states-in-20xj85zw.png Figure 3. Genetic variants that affect chromatin states in human T cell activation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-genetic-determinants-of-co-accessible-peaks-a-2iht00w0.png Figure 4. Genetic determinants of co-accessible peaks. (a) Distribution of local heritabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inter-individual-chromatin-co-accessibility-is-2it69hhh.png Figure 2. Inter-individual chromatin co-accessibility is constrained by chromosome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-association-of-chromatin-accessibility-and-gene-2c5m90rj.png Figure 5. Association of chromatin accessibility and gene expression. (a) eQTNs. Q-Q plot of https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-architecture-of-a-body-color-cline-in-drosophila-1o7yidx6jn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variable-sites-sampled-in-tan-and-ebony-are-not-4t57zhfn.png Figure 3. Variable sites sampled in tan and ebony are not significantly associated with pigmentation in D. americana. Statistical significance of an association between body color and the nucleotide present at variable sites in the D. americana ebony (A) and tan (B) regions sequenced are shown, reported as -log(pvalue) from the general linear model described in Methods. Red dotted lines show threshold used to assess statistical significance. Schematics shown below each plot indicate the location of intronic and exons regions in the ebony (A) and tan (B) sequences analyzed. Body color data used provided as Supplementary Table 2. Genotype data used provided as Supplementary Table 6 for tan and Supplementary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributions-of-backcross-phenotypes-indicate-16ikprts.png Figure 4. Distributions of backcross phenotypes indicate diversity in number and effects of loci affecting pigmentation. (A) The relative proportion of male backcross progeny in each of eight standardized pigmentation classes (Supplementary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-d-americana-alleles-of-ebony-and-tan-closely-1e3fverx.png Figure 1. D. americana alleles of ebony and tan closely related to the D. novamexicana allele are rare within D. americana. (A) D. americana (left) has a much darker body color than D. novamexicana (right). (B) The tan and ebony genes encode enzymes that catalyze a reversible biochemical reaction required for the production of dark (black and brown) melanins and light (yellow/tan) sclerotins, respectively. (C) Collection sites for progenitors of D. americana (brown) and D. novamexicana (yellow) strains used in this work are shown. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of independently isolated strains examined from that site. Only a single strain from the Drosophila Species Stock Center was examined for A01 and N14. For more information about these strains, see Supplementary Table 1. (D, E) The circular phylogenetic trees shown for ebony (D) and tan (E) were produced using a Maximum Likelihood method implemented in MEGA7, as described in Methods. Branches shown were supported by 50% or more of bootstrap replicate trees. The ebony tree is based on 579 aligned sites from 110 alleles, and the tan tree is based on 1328 aligned sites from 103 alleles. Branches shown in red highlight the D. novamexicana allele (“nova N14”) and the allele from D. americana (DN2 for ebony, A01 for tan) previously shown to share similarity in both sequence and function with the D. novamexicana allele (Wittkopp et al. 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-genetic-analysis-of-pigmentation-differences-2d24mbze.png Figure 2. Genetic analysis of pigmentation differences between D. novamexicana and strains of D. americana. (A) Schematics show chromosomal content of D. americana and D. novamexicana parental strains, F1 hybrids, and examples of potential backcross progeny produced by crossing an F1 hybrid female back to D. novamexicana, with all autosomes represented as a single bar. Approximate locations of the yellow and tan genes on the X chromosome (Muller Element A) as well as the ebony gene on chromosome 2 (Muller element E) are also shown. Dorsal images of D. novamexicana (strain N14) and D. americana (strain CB0522) as well as the lateral image of a F1 hybrid shown were taken at different times from each other and images shown in panel B. Color adjustments have been made to reproduce relative pigmentation of these three genotypes, but these images should not be quantitatively compared to each other or images in panel B. (B) Representative flies from each of the 4 to 6 pigmentation classes identified for five strains of D. americana are shown, arranged from lightest (top left) to darkest (bottom right) in each box. A lateral view is shown for all flies and images within a box were collected under comparable conditions. (C, D) The proportion of male backcross flies in each pigmentation class carrying a D. americana (brown) or D. novamexicana (yellow) allele of ebony (C) or tan (D) inherited from their F1 hybrid mother is shown for backcrosses with two strains of D. americana: DN0748x37 (C) and DA0626 (D). These two examples are the only cases where no statistically significant difference in body color was detected for flies inheriting the D. americana or D. novamexicana alleles of ebony or tan. Phenotypic distributions are shown for yellow, ebony, and tan genotypes for all strains of D. americana in Supplementary Figures 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Note that borderline evidence of functional similarity for tan alleles was also observed between D. novamexicana and five other strains of D. americana (Supplementary Figure 5). None of the D. americana strains showed evidence of functional differences from D. https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-diversity-and-differentiation-of-introduced-red-oak-544fd3bdfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-minimum-spanning-tree-representing-the-chloroplast-1hkver40.png Fig. 1 Minimum spanning tree representing the chloroplast haplotype network (Excoffier and Lischer 2010) of Quercus rubra stands in Germany. Numbers next to the lines indicate the number of markers which differ between two haplotypes. A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-distribution-of-quercus-rubra-chloroplast-haplotypes-39dzha52.png Fig. 2 A: Distribution of Quercus rubra chloroplast haplotypes in North America. Samples were partly obtained from a provenance trial in Lübeck, Germany (Google Maps 2017c; Liesebach and Schneck 2011). B: Stands zoomed out from the box inside A that represent chloroplast haplotype distribution south of the great lakes. Populations were sampled and genotyped in earlier studies. Yellow rings mark populations of closely related Quercus ellipsoidalis (Google Maps 2017b; Lind and Gailing 2013; Lind-Riehl et al. 2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1s-study-sites-in-germany-2171tdtr.png Table 1S Study sites in Germany https://scispace.com/figures/table-2s-study-sites-in-north-america-for-samples-collected-9h5sfavs.png Table 2S Study sites in North America for samples collected from a provenance trial in Lübeck, Germany (Liesebach and Schneck 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3s-study-sites-in-north-america-3n53jscd.png Table 3S Study sites in North America https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-quercus-rubra-chloroplast-haplotypes-w574xe8f.png Table 1S Study sites in Germany https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quercus-rubra-chloroplast-haplotype-diversity-within-3pqs0ew2.png Table 2S Study sites in North America for samples collected from a provenance trial in Lübeck, Germany (Liesebach and Schneck 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4s-chloroplast-microsatellite-markers-cpssrs-used-in-254k5q5x.png Table 4S Chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSRs) used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-architecture-of-divergence-the-selfing-syndrome-in-givf9qix3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-studies-included-in-our-quantitative-review-of-qtl-13kwm1b3.png Table 4 Studies included in our quantitative review of QTL overlap, using anatomical modules. Modules abbreviations are F (floral morphology), C (color traits), I (inflorescence traits), Ph (phenology traits including growth rate and flowering time), N (nectar), Po (pollen), R (reproductive traits such as compatibility), and V (vegetative traits distinct from timing, such as leaf size). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-11ktmzqw.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-trait-values-from-grandparent-genotype-clones-3ufkwngi.png Table 1 Mean trait values from grandparent genotype clones (floral, color, inflorescence, pollen, and nectar traits) or selfed offspring of grandparents (early growth life-history traits) in 2014 growout (2013 values in parentheses). Module is trait group identified by cluster analysis. Asterisks indicate that F2 mean differs significantly from midparent value, or that F1 differed from midparent value in 2013 growout, following a false discovery rate correction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-qtl-overlap-and-standard-error-within-and-2yneq06h.png Table 3 Average QTL overlap (and standard error) within and between anatomical and cluster-based modules. A. Only QTLs exhibiting genome-wide significance. Average overlap (and standard error) within modules = 0.320 (0.067). Average overlap between modules = 0.0368 (0.014). Difference https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-diversity-of-agricultural-crops-in-flanders-over-the-1k9664rlp0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-shannon-h-and-evenness-e-indices-and-percentage-of-3j0optpb.png Table II. Shannon (H) and evenness (E) indices, and percentage of pairs within a specific coefficient of parentage (CP) class for maize, potato and winter wheat in 1980 and in 2002. https://scispace.com/papers/genetic-studies-of-induced-mutants-in-melilotus-alba-i-short-2qir9ooxi2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chi-square-tests-for-goodness-of-fit-to-a-2-1-ratio-3exrqzwh.png Table 3. Chi-square tests for goodness-of-fit to a 2:1 ratio for the distributions of segregating and nonsegregating Fa families from dominant F2 plants. https://scispace.com/papers/genome-organisation-and-evolution-of-a-eukaryotic-nicotinate-3vzdfe1mps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-in-silico-domain-analysis-of-modelled-hxn-256p6hz6.png Table 1. Results of in silico domain analysis of modelled Hxn enzymes 128 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hgt-from-talaromyces-to-aspergillus-section-flavi-is-3g0nyz2u.png Fig 6. HGT from Talaromyces to Aspergillus section Flavi is supported by the 508 phylogenies of four different proteins based on Eurotiomycetes data set (see S6, S7, 509 S9 and S10 Figs. for the complete phylogenies). 510 Cyan: Talaromyces; Blue: Penicillium; Red: Aspergillus section Flavi; Purple: 511 Aspergillus section Polypaecilum; Light brown: Aspergillus section Tannerorum; 512 Green: Aspergillus section Terrei; Gray: Aspergillus section Cremei; Black: Aspergillus 513 section Flavipedes. 514 515 Disturbingly, in the hxnR, hxnV and hxnT phylogenies, A. avenaceus appears as out-516 species of the Talaromyces/Penicillium clade which transferred the cluster to other 517 Flavi (Fig 6 and S6-S8 figs.). There is obviously a complex series of HGTs which may 518 be solved when more genomes of closely related species become available. 519 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-summary-of-supported-hgt-events-on-collapsed-species-lfi5a4bx.png Fig 7. Summary of supported HGT events on collapsed species tree related to pfdB, 560 hxnM and hxnS genes. 561 F: Aspergillus section Flavi; U: Aspergillus section Usti; P: Penicillia; T: early 562 diverging species of Talaromyces; 1: HGT of pfdB gene found between Penicillia and 563 species of Talaromyces and between species of Talaromyces and Aspergillus section 564 Flavi; 2: HGTs of hxnM gene between Xylonomycetes and Dothideomycetes, Fusaria 565 (Sordariomycetes) and Basidiomycota and between a group of Penicillia containing P. 566 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hxnr-dependent-co-induction-by-6-na-and-ammonium-p86bz0yf.png Fig 2. HxnR dependent co-induction by 6-NA and ammonium repression of genes 179 in clusters 2/VI and 3/I. 180 All genes in clusters 2/VI and 3/I (Panel A) and the cognate cluster-flanking genes 181 (Panel B) were tested together with hxnS (in cluster VI/1), which was included as a 182 positive control of expression. The relative mRNA levels were measured by RT-qPCR 183 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-area-and-putative-hxnr-binding-sites-are-extant-in-the-245pbryw.png Fig 4. AreA and putative HxnR binding sites are extant in the 11 genes of the hxn 240 regulon. 241 (A) Sequence logo of the DNA binding motif of the HxnR transcription factor generated 242 by the “DNA binding site predictor for Cys2His2 Zinc Finger Proteins” application 243 (http://zf.princeton.edu/) [29]. (B) Distribution of 5’HGATAR AreA binding sites 244 (orange boxes) [28] and putative canonical 5’GHGGGG HxnR binding sites (dark green 245 lozenges) in hxn gene promoters and also in the promoter of the hxB gene. The latter 246 encodes a trans-sulphurylase necessary for the activity of the MOCO cofactor in 247 enzymes of the xanthine oxidoreductase group (including HxnS and HxA). UaY 248 binding sites on the hxB promoter are marked by blue coloured ovals [30]. Sequences 249 conforming to the consensus 5’GHGGGG sequence are present in all HxnR-regulated 250 genes, except hxnN. Nevertheless, Fig 2 shows clearly that hxnN is under the control of 251 HxnR. Thus, the physiological binding sites may have a more relaxed consensus 252 sequence. We propose 5’GNGGDG motif as a non-canonical consensus binding site 253 https://scispace.com/papers/genome-scan-for-the-possibility-of-identifying-candidate-1c3var180x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scatterplot-of-the-first-two-principal-components-g2g6h3qc.png Figure 1 - Scatterplot of the first two principal components (PC1 vs. PC2). In brackets the variance 156 explained by each principal component. 157 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-manhattan-plot-of-log-p-values-for-the-genome-wide-nnzmo263.png Figure 2 - Manhattan plot of –log(P-values) for the genome wide association study (GWAS). 163 https://scispace.com/papers/genome-restructuring-in-rye-affects-the-expression-2kuyf0zgnd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-colchicine-treated-hc0h0hrg.png Fig. 3.Colchicine-treated https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-rdna-organization-patterns-in-3fec8q0p.png Table 3. Frequency of rDNA organization patterns in interphase nuclei https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-of-ag-nor-condensation-and-heteromorphic-j1s8g13n.png Table 1. Frequency of Ag-NOR condensation and heteromorphic Ag-NOR pairs in c-metaphase cells https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simultaneous-visualization-of-chromatin-dapi-staining-27etci7i.png Fig. 6. Simultaneous visualization of chromatin (DAPI staining in blue) and rDNA hybridization sites (red) in meristematic interphase nuclei of rye, showing the major patterns of rDNA organization. (a) Type I: condensed perinucleolar knobs (arrows) without any traces of labelled rDNA chromatin inside the nucleolus. (b) Type II: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-of-nor-and-nucleoli-heteromorphism-nx9g64cb.png Table 2. Frequency of NOR and nucleoli heteromorphism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-colchicine-treated-meristematic-root-tip-metaphase-22tnip8u.png Fig. 4.A colchicine-treated meristematic root-tip metaphase cell of a double monotelosomic line of rye showing both the co-localization of the rDNA sites detected by in situ hybridization (red) and the silver stained Ag-NORs (dark brown). On condensed NORs (arrows), the silver signal reveals the previous expression of rRNA genes, whereas the two hybridization sites of identical size demonstrate that the two rDNA loci have equivalent numbers of ribosomal cistrons. Bar, 5 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-meristematic-interphase-nuclei-of-rye-after-silver-2kglevr5.png Fig. 5. Meristematic interphase nuclei of rye after silver staining, showing two homomorphic and two heteromorphic nucleoli (a and b, respectively). Bar, 5 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/genome-wide-association-studies-of-27-accelerometry-derived-2ngvwodiui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-twas-manhattan-plots-for-two-tissues-that-harbor-the-3qflry3j.png Fig. 2 TWAS Manhattan plots for two tissues that harbor the novel TWAS locus represented 165 by PDXDC2P. The figure shows -log10 p-value for all the genes expressed in esophagus mucosa 166 (digestive, upper panel) or EBV-transformed lymphocyte cells (blood/Immune, lower panel) as 167 reported in GTEx v7. Significant genes with FDR corrected p-values< 2.5 × 10)5 are circled (see 168 Methods for details). Only the PA traits that are significantly associated with at least one variant 169 at ! < 2.63 × 10)- in single-variant analysis are shown. 170 171 https://scispace.com/papers/genome-wide-prediction-of-potential-polycomb-response-v9gtek2gx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variable-importance-table-for-the-rf-model-based-on-5mfqz82o.png Figure 3. Variable importance table for the RF model based on all motifs (that is, Group A). Mean decrease in accuracy (MDA) and mean decrease in Gini coefficient (MDG) of effective factors in RF model are shown. Trl and Trl related motifs are shown in green, sequence features in blue, Pho and Pho related motifs in red, and other features (predominantly other motifs) in brown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evaluating-performance-using-receiver-operating-1q8ow7dv.png Figure 2. Evaluating performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and precision-recall (PR) curves on the (withheld) testing data set. (A) ROC curves for models predicting potential PREs using all motifs available in our predicted DNA-associated proteins binding database (Group A); Pho, Pho related motifs, Trl and Trl related motifs (Group B), all motifs in Group A except motifs in Group B (Group C); or the motifs in ChIPseq assay as listed in Fig. S2 (Group D). AUC indicates the area under each curve. The groups are defined in more detail in the text. (B) As in panel A, plotting P-R curves. Dashed lines indicate a hypothetical null model’s performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-heatmap-of-the-confusion-matrix-for-performance-29yveube.png Figure 7. The heatmap of the confusion matrix for performance of 4 different models including promoter, enhancer, intergenic and intragenic (from Group A in Fig 6), showing the correlation between model predictions and ground-truth values for members of different classes in testing data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evaluation-of-the-performance-of-an-rf-model-based-1q39eurc.png Figure 6. Evaluation of the performance of an RF model (based on Group A features) on the withheld testing data set. We assess the ability to categorize potential PRE regions using ROC (left) and P-R (right) curves. AUC indicates the area under each curve. Dashed lines indicate a hypothetical null model’s performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variable-importance-table-for-the-rf-model-to-2cho19k4.png Figure 8. Variable importance table for the RF model to classify potential PREs which build based on all motifs. Mean decrease in accuracy (MDA) and mean decrease in Gini coefficient (MDG) of effective factors in RF model. Trl and Trl related motifs are shown in green, sequence features in blue, Pho and Pho related motifs in red, and other features (predominantly other motifs) in brown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-procedure-for-prediction-of-pres-a-2r1do0px.png Figure 1. Flowchart of procedure for prediction of PREs. (a) Collect all known DNAbinding protein motifs in D. melanogaster . (b) Establish background distributions for each motif by checking for binding across the entire genome and calculate the robust zscore (rz-score) for each motif at each site. Each histogram shows the population of rz-scores for one DNA-binding protein. (C) Prediction of binding sites for each DNA-associated protein based on rz-score. The black line indicates genomic locations. The name of the gene overlapped with that particular of the genome is shown in parentheses. The green line shows the gene region in that particular location of the genome. The arrows above the genomic location (black line) indicate predicted binding sites, with the strength (based on rz-score) of binding sites indicates by color intensity from blue (as weakest) to red (as strongest) binding. The arrows indicate strand direction relative to the reference motif (+, to the right) and (-, to the left) (D) Using rz-scores and sequence features, construct two random forest models to predict and classify potential PREs. (E) Apply RF model over entire D. melanogaster genome to predict potential PRE regions. (F) Apply classified model on predicted potential PREs in order to determine the chance of each category (i.e promoter, enhancer, intergenic and intragenic) at each potential PRE regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-distribution-of-rz-score-of-top-15-important-xobyu6mk.png Figure 9. Distribution of rz-score of top 15 important variables in Fig 8 at different PhoRC binding classes. The two tailed Wilcoxon rank sum test q-values used to determine whether the distributions for promoter, enhancer, and intragenic sites are significantly different from intergenic regions (each tested separately). The stars are only show the levels of significance. If a q-value is less than 0.05 it is one star (*), less than 0.01 it is two stars (**), less than 0.001 it is three stars (***) and less than 0.0001 it is four stars (****). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-venn-diagram-of-overlaps-between-different-lists-of-yk7o4yvn.png Figure 5. Venn diagram of overlaps between different lists of PRE-regulated genes at cutoffs 0.8 (A) and 0.9 (B). The Venn diagram of the target genes by potential PREs with two experimentally known gene list predicted through ChIP-on-chip technique by(45) and (8) as described in the text. Overlaps are based on the cutoff 0.8 and 0.9 for our RF model. The arrows and brackets indicate the gene enrichment (relative to expectations assuming no correlation) and corresponding p-value in each intersection (calculated using a permutation test as described in Methods). https://scispace.com/papers/genome-wide-association-study-across-european-and-african-2krvxiznzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-novel-dnmt3b-snp-associations-with-nicotine-2jj8v6sa.png Figure 2. Novel DNMT3B SNP associations with nicotine dependence from GWAS meta-analysis of EUR and AA studies. SNP and indel associations are shown across DNMT3B and its 100 kb flanking region (NCBI build 37 positions presented). r2 values between the top SNP rs910083 and all other SNPs are shown in reference to 1000 Genomes panels: (a) EUR and (b) AFR. Indels with missing r2 values are indicated in gray. The P-value threshold of 5 × 10− 8 is marked by the solid black line. AA, African American; EUR, European/European American; GWAS, genome-wide association study; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-manhattan-plot-of-snp-and-indel-associations-with-204zq5nx.png Figure 1. Manhattan plot of SNP and indel associations with nicotine dependence from GWAS meta-analysis across 15 studies (total N= 38,602 European/European Americans and African Americans). The –log10 meta-analysis P-values are plotted by chromosomal position of SNPs (depicted as circles) and indels (depicted as triangles). The genome-wide statistical significance threshold (Po5 × 10− 8) is shown as a solid black line. GWAS, genome-wide association study; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism. https://scispace.com/papers/genomic-abelian-finite-groups-2ttyo9s8ez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-abelian-group-representation-of-a-given-genome-y05hof4z.png Fig. 4. The abelian group representation of a given genome only depend on our current knowledge 319 on its annotation. a, the alternative splicing specified for an annotated gene model does not alter the 320 abelian group representation and only would add information for the decomposition of the existing 321 cyclic groups into subgroups. b, a more complex gene model including detailed information on the 322 promoter regions. A GC box (G5MG4CU) motif is located upstream of a TATA box (TATAWAW) 323 motif in the promoter region. The GC box is commonly the binding site for Zinc finger proteins, 324 particularly, Sp1 transcription factors. A putative GC box was included in exon 2, which is an 325 atypical scenario, but it can be found, e.g., in the second exon from the gene encoding for 326 sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), transcript variant 2 (NM_182965, CCDS11744.1). 327 328 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ordered-set-of-extended-triplets-corresponding-to-3eeiq9yw.png Table 1. Ordered set of extended triplets corresponding to the elements from 35 154 https://scispace.com/papers/genome-wide-association-study-on-coronary-artery-disease-in-20r80eimwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-characteristics-of-the-subjects-mean-sd-or-27uv8x9e.png Table 2. Clinical characteristics of the subjects. Mean ± SD, or Median ± IQR, or N (%). *Before 30th Dec 2015, including deaths after CVD event; †Death of cardiovascular cause as the first CHD event. DKD: micro- or macroalbuminuria or end stage renal disease. https://scispace.com/papers/genome-wide-genetic-data-on-500-000-uk-biobank-participants-2abimfe5tz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-uk-biobank-genotyping-array-content-this-2e09jkou.png Figure 1 | Summary of UK Biobank genotyping array content. This is a schematic representation of the different categories of content on the UK Biobank Axiom array. Numbers indicate the approximate count of markers within each category, ignoring any overlap. A more detailed description of the array content is available in [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distribution-of-information-scores-at-autosomal-2d2eaazc.png Figure 7 | Distribution of information scores at autosomal markers in the imputed dataset. Top left shows the full distribution of the info scores. The remaining panels show distributions in tranches of minor allele frequency MAF > 5%, 1%<=MAF<5%, 0.1%<=MAF<1% , 0.01%<=MAF<0.1% and 0.001%<=MAF<0.01%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-related-pairs-3rd-degree-or-closer-for-24hpztfv.png Table 4 | Summary of related pairs (3rd degree or closer) for the full UK Biobank cohort. Counts are derived from the kinship coefficients as recommended by the authors of KING [42]. Note that parentoffspring and full sibling pairs have the same expected kinship coefficient (0.25) but can be easily distinguished by their IBS0 fraction. The count of monozygotic twins is after excluding samples identified as duplicates (see Supplementary Material). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-markers-and-samples-by-genotyping-2jo186tw.png Table 1 | The number of markers and samples by genotyping array at main stages of the UK Biobank genotyping experiment. “Data delivery from Affymetrix” refers to the data produced by Affymetrix after applying their filtering (see Supplementary Material). “Released data” refers to the released genotype data, after applying QC as described in Sections 2.1.4 and 2.1.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-familial-relatedness-in-the-uk-biobank-cohort-a-1672kqjc.png Figure 6 | Familial relatedness in the UK Biobank cohort. (A) Examples of family groups within the UK Biobank cohort. Points indicate participants, and lines between points indicate familial relatedness (3rd degree and closer) as inferred from the genetic data (see Methods). The colour and thickness of the lines indicate different relative classes, as shown in the key. An integer next to a network indicates the total number of family networks in the cohort with the same configuration, ignoring 3rd degree pairs. No integer means there is only the one shown. For example, there are 10 networks that comprise exactly 5 full siblings (two examples, which differ with respect to a 3rd degree relative, are shown on this plot); and there is only one network that comprises 6 full siblings (plus one 3rd degree relative who is related to all siblings). (B) Distribution of the exact number of relatives that https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-failure-rates-for-six-marker-based-quality-tests-for-26u3c495.png Table 3 | Failure rates for six marker-based quality tests. For all numbered tests a marker (or marker within a batch) was set to missing if the test yielded a p-value < 10-12, except in the case of Test 6, for which a marker was set to missing if the test yielded < 95% concordance. See Supplementary Material for details of each test. The total is not equal to the sum of all tests because it is possible for a marker to fail more than one test. Since the two arrays contain slightly different sets of markers, the total number of genotype calls used to compute the fractions is, Nukbb Lukbb + Nukbl Lukbl, where N and L refer to the numbers of markers and samples typed on the UK Biobank Axiom array (ukbb) and samples typed on the UK BiLEVE Axiom array (ukbl) within the Affymetrix data delivery (see Table S1). *The array effect test was applied across all batches and only for markers present on both arrays, so we simply report the total number of markers that failed this test. **The discordance test was applied across all batches, but not all markers are present on both arrays. The first value is the number of unique markers on the UK BiLEVE Axiom array that failed this test, and the second is for markers on the UK Biobank Axiom array. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-evidence-of-association-between-hla-alleles-and-3llzgcjn.png Table 5 | Evidence of association between HLA alleles and multiple sclerosis in UK Biobank compared to the IMSGC cohort. The UK Biobank association tests involved 1,501 self-reported cases and 409,724 controls; the IMSGC cohort involved 17,465 cases and 30,385 controls [52]. Thus the UK Biobank analysis had significantly lower power than the IMSGC analysis, which is reflected in the reported p-values. Effect sizes for the UK Biobank were estimated jointly using the model of the MHC reported by the IMSGC (with the exception of the two SNPs rs9277565 and rs2229029). As in the IMSGC analysis the homozygote correction test indicates a departure from additivity. That is, if the odds ratio is < 1 then the homozygous effect is smaller than under the additivity assumption and bigger if it is > 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportions-of-self-reported-ethnic-groups-among-78la9y62.png Table 2 | Proportions of self-reported ethnic groups among 488,377 genotyped UK Biobank participants. Categories of self-reported ethnic background (UK Biobank data field 21000) and broader-level ethnic groups are shown here to reflect the two-layer branching structure of the ethnic background section in the UK Biobank touchscreen questionnaire [24]. Participants first picked one of the broader-level ethnic groups (e.g White), and were then prompted to select one of the categories https://scispace.com/papers/genomic-evolution-of-antibiotic-resistance-is-contingent-on-2jgdc1coem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gene-targets-that-contributed-to-antibiotic-3v4j10pd.png Table 1. Gene targets that contributed to antibiotic-treatment specificity. 242 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-independent-mutations-in-different-1tn8bfum.png Fig. 2. Distribution of independent mutations in different functional categories. The observed and 178 expected distributions are shown as shaded regions and outlines, respectively. See text for 179 statistical analysis. 180 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-candidate-genes-that-may-contribute-to-genetic-3ig77kag.png Table 2. Candidate genes that may contribute to genetic-background specificity. 282 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-numbers-and-types-of-mutations-in-evolved-genomes-2tzslwup.png Fig. 1. Numbers and types of mutations in evolved genomes. Summary of the 76 mutations 144 observed in 61 antibiotic-resistant clones after selection in ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, 145 or tetracycline. Mutations are color-coded by the type of genetic change, according to the legend 146 at the bottom. The “Other” category represents mutations in a tRNA. Evolved genomes are labeled 147 according to their parental genetic background and replicate. Two tetracycline-selected clones 148 (Ara–5-1 and Ara+5-1) had no identifiable mutations (see Materials and Methods). 149 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-specificity-of-genomic-evolution-with-respect-to-19uhcq1q.png Fig. 3. Specificity of genomic evolution with respect to antibiotic treatment. Treatments and the 206 edges connecting them are labeled with Dice’s coefficient scores that show the average similarity 207 for all clone pairs evolved in the same antibiotic (Ss) and in different antibiotics (Sd), respectively. 208 Only the 71 qualifying mutations (see Materials and Methods) were included in the calculations. 209 The weighted averages of Ss and Sd are shown in the grey box. The difference between these two 210 values indicates the extent to which genome evolution was specific to the antibiotic treatment. The 211 resulting p-value was calculated using a randomization test. 212 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-specificity-of-genomic-evolution-with-respect-to-2y73wotp.png Fig. 5. Specificity of genomic evolution with respect to genetic background. Five different 253 backgrounds and the edges connecting them are labeled with Dice’s coefficient scores that show 254 the average similarity for all clone pairs evolved from the same genetic background (Ss) and from 255 different backgrounds (Sd), respectively, in ampicillin (A), ceftriaxone (B), ciprofloxacin (C), and 256 tetracycline (D). The difference between Ss and Sd indicates the extent to which genome evolution 257 was specific to the genetic background. Two of the three replicates derived from the Ara+4 258 background in ciprofloxacin were excluded owing to cross-contamination, and Ss cannot be 259 calculated in that case (*). See Fig. 3 for additional details. 260 https://scispace.com/papers/genomic-patterns-of-local-adaptation-under-gene-flow-in-vteeirzp7z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-and-altitudes-of-the-a-lyrata-growing-3os1fwb8.png Figure 1. Locations and altitudes of the A. lyrata growing sites. Alpine populations harbour lower genetic diversities than lowland populations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualization-of-the-population-structure-and-2qro1zsu.png Figure 2. Visualization of the population structure and demographic history. Besides the Norwegian populations (J1, J3, T1, T4), individuals from Sweden (SWE) and Germany (GER) are included for comparison. A: Genetic variation along the first two eigenvectors of a principal component analysis (PCA). All six populations included. B: PCA with only the Norwegian populations included. The percentage of variance explained by the principal components are shown in brackets. C: Estimated admixture proportions for the best supported number of ancestral populations (K = 6). D: Estimated divergence times and migration rates between the Norwegian populations. Times are in years, while assuming a generation time of two years. Estimates above the colored arrows indicate population migration rates (4Nem). Demography analysis reveals recent divergence and asymmetric gene flow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-identification-of-putatively-adaptive-loci-a-3b7meag7.png Figure 3. Identification of putatively adaptive loci. A: Observed population branch statistic (PBS) distributions compared against simulated neutral samples. Median estimates and interquartile ranges are marked for the observed (bold) and simulated (plain) distributions. B: Number of annotated genes found within 5 Kb of the significant (q < 0.05) PBS outlier windows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-highest-enriched-shared-and-unique-go-terms-with-1ls7faq7.png Figure 6. Highest enriched shared and unique GO terms with more than ten supporting genes among the significant (q < 0.05) PBS outliers. Terms with Bonferroni corrected p-value < 0.05 are marked with a star. Discussion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-insights-into-selection-acting-on-xrn2-nucleotide-3crxdz9e.png Figure 5. Insights into selection acting on XRN2. Nucleotide diversity π (×10-3) and Tajima’s D were simulated for 8 Kb area with parameters corresponding to T1 population. The simulations were ran as single-origin hard sweeps and as multiple-origin soft sweeps. Shown are median estimates from 500 simulations. Shaded area marks the 95% confidence intervals for the estimated divergence time between T1 and T4 populations. For T4 population, see Fig S11. Biological processes show adaptive convergence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evidence-of-opposing-selective-sweeps-between-t1-ewolrfhw.png Figure 4. Evidence of opposing selective sweeps between T1 and T4 populations at candidate loci XRN2. FST gives the relative and dXY the absolute allele frequency differentiation at variable sites. falt shows frequencies of the alternate non-reference SNP alleles. Nucleotide diversity π and Tajima’s D indicate a loss of heterozygosity and an excess of rare variants, respectively. Shading marks the coding area of the gene. https://scispace.com/papers/genre-discipline-and-identity-2m77hyamiv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-features-across-fields-per-1000-words-2w2051gn.png Table 1: Selected features across fields (per 1000 words) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-university-college-london-academic-university-31z6x74o.png Figure 2: University College London academic university homepage https://scispace.com/papers/geographically-intelligent-disclosure-control-for-flexible-438tyv5eio 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-differencing-problem-output-zones-3cypcfey.png Figure 1: Geographical Differencing Problem: Output zones which nest within one another https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-lisa-maps-showing-absolute-change-in-ii-between-the-nwpytjed.png Figure 6: LISA maps showing Absolute Change in iI between the original (unswapped) data and the swapped data, for LSOAs for %unemployed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparing-the-risk-utility-outcome-for-lds-and-rrs-15zlob7u.png Figure 4: Comparing the Risk-Utility outcome for LDS and RRS with different sampling fractions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-assessing-utility-absolute-average-distance-2jetcqnv.png Table 6: Assessing Utility (Absolute Average Distance) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-assessing-disclosure-risk-percentage-of-true-uniques-3bhtgwt0.png Table 5: Assessing Disclosure Risk (Percentage of True Uniques) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-overview-of-the-microsimulation-process-2sckee0o.png Figure 2: An overview of the microsimulation process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparing-the-risk-utility-outcome-of-lds-with-rrs-o6jr933t.png Figure 5: Comparing the Risk-Utility Outcome of LDS with RRS over different levels of geography https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-absolute-percent-changes-in-rank-group-for-lsoas-3d6nm1n3.png Table 7: Absolute Percent Changes in Rank Group for LSOAs: Comparing LDS and RRS for 25% and 80% swaps. https://scispace.com/papers/geometry-of-permutation-limits-512rpnz9v3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-some-scaled-particle-trajectories-from-rsn2000-from-23jd0w6h.png Figure 2. Some scaled particle trajectories from RSN2000 from [3, Figure 1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-support-of-the-archimedean-path-top-and-rsn500-2sxqxhez.png Figure 1. Support of the Archimedean path (top) and RSN500 (bottom). Bottom figure is from [3, Figure 5]. https://scispace.com/papers/geometric-controls-of-tidewater-glacier-dynamics-yesi2i0ef4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-generating-fjord-geometries-in-ts5ps7a0.png Table 1. Parameters for generating fjord geometries (in parentheses for longer geometric perturbations). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-glacier-characteristics-assessed-during-retreat-for-3385sclp.png Table 3. Glacier characteristics assessed during retreat for later correlation with fjord geometry. Parameters marked with * are assessed along the central flow-line of the glacier. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-suite-of-experiments-with-name-extensions-lon-and-z6mjbh9e.png Table 2. Suite of experiments with name (extensions _lon and _asy refer to longer and asymmetric geometries), type of geometric perturbation, perturbation magnitude, the deviation of fjord width (two times Γ for symmetric lateral perturbations, one time Γ for asymmetric ones) or depth (one time Γ for basal perturbations) at the center of the perturbation relative to the linear reference fjord, S at xC (i.e. the wetted area at the center of the perturbation) and forcings required to induce complete retreat through the entire geometric perturbation (/ if no complete retreat could be enforced). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-forcing-required-to-induce-complete-retreat-in-1ll0ro2z.png Figure 4. Forcing required to induce complete retreat in multiples of the reference forcing (200 m yr−1 undercutting rate, 30 m yr−1 subshelf melt) and approximate residence time of the GL in an intermittently stable position for different fjord geometries. A longer residence time and a larger forcing required indicate that fjord geometry provides larger stability. More stability is correlated with decreasing fjord depth for depressions (shades of green), and with increasing along-fjord change in wetted area dS for embayments (shades of blue). The simulations for which no retreat through the perturbation was observed have been omited from the figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-grounding-line-discharge-per-12b6r44f.png Figure 6. Relationship between grounding line discharge per wetted area QGL/S and along-fjord change in wetted area dS for all tested geometries and all instances when the GL is within a geometric perturbation (grey area in Fig. 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relationship-between-grounding-line-retreat-rate-39sntzb2.png Figure 7. Relationship between grounding line retreat rate dGL and wetted area S. a): All instances when the grounding line is within a geometric perturbation for all tested geometries, except for depressions since retreat in these perturbations is governed by different dynamics than in the ones shown. b): Schematic of a typical relationship between dGL and S where dGL is constant for low S, while high S induces faster retreat. The transition between these two states occurs if the GL retreats past a point of intermittent stability. The location of these points may be controlled by either low S or high dS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-along-fjord-profiles-of-the-wetted-area-s-a-lateral-30rki7nl.png Figure 2. Along-fjord profiles of the wetted area S (a: lateral; b: basal perturbations) and its derivative dS (c: lateral; d: basal) for fjords featuring different geometric perturbations of different magnitude classes. Note that the profiles of embayments and depressions, and likewise, bottlenecks and bumps, of the same magnitude class are largely congruent, thus allowing a straightforward comparison between basal and lateral perturbations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-real-world-example-jakobshavn-isbrae-a-20rjd7sv.png Figure 8. The real-world example Jakobshavn Isbræ. a) Topography of Jakobshavn Isfjord (Morlighem et al., 2017) with approximate present-day glacier front, and centerline along which profiles shown in b) of the wetted area S and its along-fjord change dS are calculated; c) zoom to area where JI is enclosed between fjord walls, with yellow circles showing all modeled grounding line positions in this section (Kajanto et al., 2020); d) dS profile in the same section of the fjord with grounding line positions indicated; e) QGL/S in this section with grounding line positions and a polynomial fit (blue dotted line). The opposing trends in dS (d) and QGL/S (e) as indicated by the arrows demonstrate qualitatively that the negative relationship QGL/S over dS can be found in this complex setting. https://scispace.com/papers/geometric-description-of-the-kitaev-honeycomb-lattice-model-1htyh5r7mf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-anisotropic-khlm-is-given-by-choosing-the-2kz1qljk.png FIG. 5. The anisotropic KHLM is given by choosing the couplings Jx, Jy and Jz to be unequal, giving rise to an anisotropic model. In order to have the K-term contribute purely an energy gap we choose the couplings Kx, Ky and Kz to be also anisotropic and functions of Ji’s, as given by (69). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-inferring-the-metric-distortions-from-the-spatial-khqikz4t.png FIG. 10. Inferring the metric distortions from the spatial profile of a vortex wave function. The points in the main panel plot the ratio between the height and width of the vortex boundary wy/wx, divided by the height to width ratio of a regular hexagon 2/ √ 3 for Jx = Jy = 1, ǫ = 1, system size 36× 36 and a range of K. Also plotted with a dashed line is the theoretical relationship given in Eq. (86) we expect from the geometrical description. The numerical data converges to the theoretical line as K decreases. Below are illustrative examples of the hexagonal boundaries we find at various Jz and K = 0.125. At the isotropic point, Jz = 1, it is a regular hexagon. As Jz deviates from the isotropic point the ratio wy/wx can take smaller or larger values than 2/ √ 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-obtaining-a-continuous-profile-for-the-vortex-wave-1k46f32h.png FIG. 9. Obtaining a continuous profile for the vortex wave function and extracting its dimensions. (a) The discrete lattice probability density |ψi|2 of the wave function for a vortex, located on the plaquette in the centre. (b) A continuous approximation of the discrete vortex probability density is constructed using two-dimensional Gaussians centred on each lattice site, as described in the text. The size and shape of the vortex are characterised by finding the set of points where |ψ(r)|2 = 10−3, as illustrated. Here we used Jx = Jy = Jz = 1, system size 36× 36, K = 0.125 and ǫ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-diagram-of-the-khlm-with-its-energy-gap-e-2yo0wana.png FIG. 4. Phase diagram of the KHLM with its energy gap ∆E varying as a function of the K coupling and the mass, m. By increasing the Kekulé distortion a first order phase transition is induced from the gapped topological phase of the KHLM with Chern number ν = 1 that belongs in class D to a gapped Kekulé phase with Chern number ν = 0 that belongs in class BDI. Both of these phases support vortices that bound Majorana zero modes. The red dashed line denotes the analytically obtained phase transition boundary. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-verifying-the-metric-from-the-continuous-approximation-28zcn8jb.png FIG. 8. Verifying the metric from the continuous approximation of the correlations. The points in the main panel plot the ratio between the height and width of the ‘boundary’ wy/wx for Jx = Jy = 1, ǫ = 1, system size 36× 36 and a range of K. Also plotted with a dashed line is the theoretically predicted ratio dx/dy = √ 3Jz/ √ 4− J2z from Eq. (86). The numerical data converges to the theoretical line as K decreases. Below are illustrative examples of the boundaries we find at various Jz and K = 0.1. At the isotropic point, Jz = 1, we find wy/wx = 1. As Jz deviates from the isotropic point the ratio wy/wx can become larger or smaller than one. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-two-point-correlations-and-their-continuous-3vqn7zk4.png FIG. 7. The two-point correlations and their continuous profile. (a) The two-point correlations i〈c0ci〉 between each site, i and a central reference site, 0, denoted with a red cross. (b) A continuous approximation of the two-point correlations is constructed using two-dimensional Gaussians centred on each lattice site, as described by (87). The size and shape of the correlations are characterised by finding the set of points where i〈c0ci〉 = 10−3, as illustrated. We notice that even for large system sizes the hexagonal geometry of the lattice influences the spatial distribution of the correlations. Here we used Jx = Jy = Jz = 1, system size 36 × 36 K = 0.1 and ǫ = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/geoscience-after-it-part-j-human-requirements-that-shape-the-cqwnezy1eg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-display-of-3d-seismic-data-animation-not-available-1pwkve62.png Fig. 1. Display of 3d seismic data. Animation (not available here) enables you to move through the data volume to follow structural and stratigraphic trends. Reproduced by permission of Landmark Graphics Corporation. More at http://www.lgc.com/ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-classification-of-land-use-from-a-satellite-image-3mb2pqnj.png Fig. 2. Classification of land use from a satellite image. Example of satellite imagery classified by an iterative technique. The user indicates typical areas for each class, the computer extrapolates by quantitative analysis of the spectral bands and displays the color image, the user corrects and extends the classification, and so on. Published by permission of Rockware. More on http://www.rockware.com/catalog/pages/dimple.html https://scispace.com/papers/geopolitical-imaginaries-of-the-space-shuttle-mission-3ukw8oqh9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-national-imagery-the-american-eagle-nasa-2011b-226-2ibtcce1.png Figure 3: National imagery- the American eagle (NASA 2011b) 226 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pre-boarding-photo-of-the-crew-of-sts-135-nasa-1dgjwore.png Figure 1: Pre-boarding photo of the crew of STS-135 (NASA 2011a) 31 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-joint-f-lagging-in-mission-patches-nasa-2011b-344-2vl6rgj4.png Figure 4: Joint ‘f lagging’ in mission patches (NASA 2011b) 344 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mission-patch-montage-left-patches-being-sold-as-25se5xo6.png Figure 2: Mission Patch Montage: Left Patches being sold as souvenirs at Kennedy Space Center Visitor's Complex, Florida, 47 USA; Top right Patches as illustrations attached to mission descriptions with example inset, at California Science Centre, Los 48 Angeles, USA; Bottom right mission patches are present as murals on w alls, Kennedy Space Center Visitor's Complex Atlantis 49 Exhibit, Florida, USA (All images author’s ow n) 50 https://scispace.com/papers/geometry-relaxation-of-photoexcited-states-in-conjugated-5372yngzu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-esmd-geometry-relaxation-along-the-excited-state-tcnsv8li.png FIGURE 4 ESMD geometry relaxation along the excited state surface in a donor–acceptor compound (Fig. 2) from an initial structure (A) to an excited state optimal geometry (B) modeled with AM1. The excited state structure shows reduced torsional angle (nearly planar geometry). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-esmd-geometry-relaxation-along-the-excited-state-yj7s4a0k.png FIGURE 5 ESMD geometry relaxation along the excited state surface from the ground to the 1Bu excited state equilibrium geometry of polyacetylene oligomers simulated with the AM1 model. The excited state structure shows a reduced bond length alternation ¼ d2 d1 in the middle of the molecule, as compared to the ground-state geometry. The size of the region with reduced bond-length alternation of about 20 repeat units is the same for n¼ 30 and n¼ 60 oligomer lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-esmd-simulations-of-hexatriene-photoisomerization-2ol5a5oe.png FIGURE 3 ESMD simulations of hexatriene photoisomerization with AM1 model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-esmd-propagation-3sf8nie5.png FIGURE 1 Schematic representation of ESMD propagation. Quantities of interest are: excited state energy Ee(q) as a function of nuclear coordinates q, displacements , curvatures !e/!g, vibrational reorganization energy Ev, vertical absorption A and fluorescence F frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-structures-of-donor-acceptor-substituted-1wtd9ka4.png FIGURE 2 Top: structures of donor–acceptor substituted diphenyl-polyene oligomers; Bottom: deviations of magnitudes of computed vertical excitation energies from the corresponding experimental values averaged over all molecules (Alain et al., 1999; Tretiak et al., 2001). https://scispace.com/papers/geotechnical-design-with-apparent-seismic-safety-factors-3wcl8nbu1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematical-configurations-of-geotechnical-1h1xmyzq.png Figure 1. Schematical configurations of geotechnical structures that can be modeled by a rigid block on top of a sloping plane. Definition of critical pseudostatic acceleration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-bearing-capacity-of-a-shallow-foundation-can-be-233xtymg.png Figure 2. The bearing capacity of a shallow foundation can be modeled by a rigid block on top of a horizontal plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-snapshots-of-the-slender-building-triggered-by-a-3e2zoq2j.png Figure 9. Snapshots of the slender building triggered by a record with A = 0.36 g. Contours of the maximum shear strain are illustrated, revealing the failure zones at every instant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-acceleration-velocity-and-sliding-response-of-the-1xota1l8.png Figure 5. Acceleration, velocity and sliding response of the critical wedge of a β = 29o, φ = 36o slope subjected to the Monastiraki record (1999 Parnitha). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-snapshots-of-the-final-stage-of-the-modeled-k6u8krw2.png Figure 12. Snapshots of the final stage of the modeled systems triggered by the Takatori record. The conventionally founded (FE ≈ 1) pier fails, while the one unconventionally founded (FE ≈ ¼) survives but settles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-a-rectangular-rigid-block-subjected-to-ricker-3ccuscpe.png Figure 7. (a) A rectangular rigid block subjected to Ricker excitation; (b) Despite FE being ¼, the block of Figure 7(a) does not topple. As Ricker pulse frequency increases the rocking response is reduced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-a-sandy-slope-subjected-to-a-strong-11rvi0ym.png Figure 3. Example of a sandy slope subjected to a strong motion. Apparent engineering factor of safety FE = 1/4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-elastic-acceleration-response-spectrum-of-the-bbsamr9z.png Figure 11. Elastic acceleration response spectrum of the Takatori ground motion. https://scispace.com/papers/geriatric-pain-management-pharmacological-and-13kmwlri79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerous-kidney-changes-observed-in-the-elderly-1cd6ef00.png Table 2. Numerous kidney changes observed in the elderly population https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerous-liver-changes-observed-in-the-elderly-38pz4phk.png Table 1. Numerous liver changes observed in the elderly population https://scispace.com/papers/germ-cell-development-in-meishan-and-white-composite-gilts-2dl6ksiou9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gata4-immunostaining-of-follicular-granulosa-cells-1l51pwvx.png Fig. 1. GATA4 immunostaining of follicular/granulosa cells (depicted by red color) of the fetal porcine ovary. (A) Germ cells clustered into egg cell nests (n) and primordial follicles (pm) surrounded by a layer of flattened (f) GATA4-positive follicular cells at 90 days postcoitum. (B) Primary follicles (p) surrounded by a layer of GATA4-positive cuboidal granulosa cells and secondary follicles (s) surrounded by two or more layers of GATA4-positive cuboidal granulosa cells at 105 days postcoitum. (C) Transition of follicle development from the peripheral cortex (ctx) region of the ovary dominated by egg cell nests (n) and primordial follicles (pm), to primary follicles (p) at the border between the cortex and medulla (med). (D) Pyknotic nuclei (pn) and spaces (sp) within egg cell nests resulting from atresia and subsequent disappearance of germ cells at 105 days postcoitum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-of-oogonia-and-primordial-primary-and-3dko0j1e.png Fig. 4. Percentage of oogonia and primordial, primary and secondary follicles per ovary (L.S.M. ± S.E.) in Meishan (MS) and White Composite (WC) gilts during fetal (n = 65) and early postnatal (n = 80) development. ∗P < 0.05;∗∗P < 0.01;∗∗∗P < 0.001; dpc, days postcoitum; dpp, days postpartum. Overall significance values for (A) percentage of oogonia: fetal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, NS; breed×age, NS; postnatal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, P < 0.05; breed× age, NS. Percentage of primordial follicles: fetal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, NS; breed× age, NS.; postnatal: age,P < 0.001; breed,P < 0.05; breed×age,P < 0.09. (B) Percentage of primary follicles: fetal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, NS; breed× age, NS; postnatal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, NS; breed× age,P = 0.10. Percentage of secondary follicles: postnatal: age,P < 0.0001; breed,P < 0.06; breed× age,P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cross-sectional-area-m2-x102-l-s-m-s-e-of-primordial-33eez5gy.png Table 2 Cross-sectional area ( m2 (×102); L.S.M. ± S.E.) of primordial, primary and secondary follicles in Meishan (MS) and White Composite (WC) gilts during fetal and early postnatal development https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-oocyte-number-l-s-m-s-e-x105-in-the-left-ovary-1a589cw8.png Fig. 3. Total oocyte number (L.S.M.±S.E.×105) in the left ovary of fetal (n = 160) and early postnatal (n = 70) Meishan (MS) and White Composite (WC) gilts estimated by enzymatic digestion; dpc, days postcoitum; dpp, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-total-germ-cell-number-a-oogonia-number-b-primordial-10glw6q6.png Fig. 6. Total germ cell number (A), oogonia number (B), primordial follicle number (C), primary and secondary follicle number (D) per ovarian cross-section in White Composite (WC) and Meishan (MS) gilts during fetal (n = 65) and early postnatal development (= 80). ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 for MS vs. WC at specific ages; dpc, days postcoitum; dpp, days postpartum. Overall significance values: (A) total germ cell number: fetal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, NS; breed× age, NS; postnatal: age,P < 0.05; breed, NS; breed× age, NS. (B) Oogonia number: fetal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, NS; breed× age, NS; postnatal: age,P < 0.0001; breed,P < 0.05; breed× age,P < 0.08. (C) Primordial follicle number: fetal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, NS; breed× age,P < 0.01; postnatal: age, NS; breed,P < 0.05; breed× age, NS. (D) Primary follicle number: fetal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, NS; breed×age,P < 0.08; postnatal: age, NS; breed,P < 0.07; breed×age,P = 0.08. Secondary follicle number: fetal: age,P < 0.01; breed, NS; breed× age, NS; postnatal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, P < 0.06; breed× age,P < 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ovarian-and-reproductive-performance-characteristics-1agjfvhk.png Table 1 Ovarian and reproductive performance characteristics (L.S.M.± S.E.) of Meishan and White Composite sowsa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-ovary-from-a-meishan-gilt-at-25-days-postpartum-2onnykyx.png Fig. 5. (A) Ovary from a Meishan gilt at 25 days postpartum illustrating the presence of egg cell nests (n). (B) Ovary from a White Composite gilt at 56 days postpartum illustrating the presence of egg cell nests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-body-weight-a-and-ovarian-weight-b-of-meishan-ms-and-24xb0kfm.png Fig. 2. Body weight (A) and ovarian weight (B) of Meishan (MS) and White Composite (WC) gilts during fetal (n = 176) and early postnatal life (n = 86; L.S.M.±S.E.). ∗P < 0.05;∗∗P < 0.01;∗∗∗P < 0.001 for MS vs. WC at specific ages; dpc, days postcoitum; dpp, days postpartum. Overall significance values: (A) body weight: fetal: age,P < 0.0001; breed,P < 0.0001; breed×age, NS. Postnatal: age,P < 0.0001; breed,P < 0.001; breed×age, NS. (B) Ovarian weight: fetal: age,P < 0.0001; breed, NS; breed× age, NS. Postnatal: age,P < 0.01; breed, NS: breed× age,P < 0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/german-language-version-of-the-compensatory-health-belief-2s4mww525n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-internal-consistency-of-the-17-item-chb-scale-and-b7xc9jqf.png Table 1. Internal consistency of the 17-item CHB scale and its four subscales in four samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fit-indices-for-the-17-item-chb-scale-test-of-4-38uykhjr.png Table 3. Fit indices for the 17-item CHB scale: Test of 4-factor structure and second-order factor structure (in parentheses) https://scispace.com/papers/gigahertz-clocked-teleportation-of-time-bin-qubits-with-a-2lwc1jyy6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-superposition-basis-teleportation-at-1-ghz-a-input-1xjt8m91.png FIG. 4. Superposition-basis teleportation at 1 GHz. (a) Input laser qubits in the time-bin basis for a superposition state (left) and an early state (right). (b) A schematic of the polarization-basis relay station where a time-bin input laser qubit is sent through a transcoder unit (TU) before being teleported using an entangled photon pair generated from the QD. Other optical elements are as defined in Fig. 2. (c) The normalized third-order correlations for sending input laser qubits in a superposition of |e〉 and |l〉 time bins, which is subsequently mapped to an |A〉-polarized photon, and measuring |A〉- (left) and |D〉- (right) polarized photons at Bob. (d) The teleportation fidelities for a complete set of orthogonal input states, calculated from the third-order correlations centered on the time tBob = tCharlie = 0, the point at which all three photons are measured simultaneously. The results for the most statistically significant equivalent postselection window size of 228 ps are shown. Each state surpasses the classical threshold of 2/3 and a mean fidelity of 0.82± 0.01 beats this limit by more than 10 σ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-bin-logical-basis-teleportation-a-the-normalized-3f0bm7y8.png FIG. 5. Time-bin logical-basis teleportation. (a) The normalized third-order correlations for sending input laser qubits in |e〉 and |l〉 time bins, which are subsequently mapped to |l〉 and |e〉 time bins after sending Bob’s photons back through the interferometer. (b) The teleportation fidelities along tCharlie = 0, showing that input |e〉 is mapped to |l〉, corresponding to the polarization mapping of |H 〉 to |V〉 in the teleportation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interfacing-gigahertz-clocked-time-bin-qubits-with-a-29c4xwz7.png FIG. 1. Interfacing gigahertz-clocked time-bin qubits with a quantum-dot relay. Alice produces a gigahertz-clocked time-binencoded qubit by sending polarization-encoded weak coherent pulses through an interferometric transcoding unit. Subsequent time-encoded photons are then sent to a relay node, Charlie, where upon conversion back into polarization encoding using a phase-stabilized second transcoding unit, the state can be teleported using a gigahertz-clocked polarization-entangled photonpair source. After successful teleportation at Charlie, photons can again be transcoded to time-bin encoding before being sent on to a receiver, Bob. P, polarization qubit; TB, time-bin qubit; T1–T3, transcoder units; A, time-bin qubit analysis; BSM, Bell-state measurement; E, entnalged photon pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-gigahertz-clocked-emission-from-a-qd-emitting-near-1gy10ehm.png FIG. 2. The gigahertz-clocked emission from a QD emitting near the telecom C band. (a) A schematic of the excitation setup. A 1310-nm cw laser is modulated by an EOM with active voltage stabilization in order to create flexible excitation pulses. The gigahertz-clocked emission is collected from the QD and sent to the detection system, where time-resolved measurements can be made using the excitation clock from the pulse generator: PC, polarization controller; EOM, electro-optic modulator; BS, beam splitter; PD, photodiode; DM, dichroic mirror; FC, fiber coupler; DVA, digital variable attenuator; TG, transmission grating; SNSPDs, superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors. The inset shows the spectrum of the QD measured under pulsed excitation at a power where the exciton intensity begins to saturate. The emission lines of the exciton (X ) and the biexciton (XX ) are labelled. (b) The second-order intensity correlations of the X for 100-MHz (top) and 1.07-GHz (bottom) excitation frequencies. The solid lines show fits to the data. (c) The time-resolved intensity of the X and the XX emission lines at a repetition frequency of 100 MHz (top) and 1.07 GHz (bottom). (d) The second-order correlation of the X photons, measured with respect to the excitation laser clock. The data binned on a 40× 40 ps grid show a leading diagonal of empty photon counts corresponding to the low probability of finding two X photons emitted in the same clock cycle. The color bar denotes normalized coincidences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-degree-of-entanglement-under-gigahertz-clocked-1x16guzk.png FIG. 3. The degree of entanglement under gigahertz-clocked excitation. (a) The real (left) and imaginary (right) parts of the two-photon density matrix, reconstructed using a time window of 96 ps, under pulsed optical excitation clocked at 1.07 GHz. (b) The evolution of the fidelity of the two-photon state to the + Bell state and a maximally entangled state, calculated from the two-photon density matrix for different 96-ps time windows. (c) A comparison of the maximum fidelity to the + Bell state for different driving frequencies (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/giant-scalp-melanoma-104w25aub1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1a-clinical-presentation-of-giant-scalp-malign-217yhy3h.png Figure 1: (1a).Clinical presentation of Giant scalp malign melanoma at diagnosis, (1b). Dermoscopic image of the lesions: multicomponent global pattern, irregular dots and globules and bluish-white color, (1c). Histopathological examination, atypical melanocytic cell infiltration in the epidermis and dermis, a) H&Ex100, b) H&Ex200. https://scispace.com/papers/ginger-simulations-of-short-pulse-effects-in-the-leutl-fel-rhc5vg8are 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-various-output-diagnostics-from-ginger-code-mxwrz60r.png Figure 2: Plot of various output diagnostics from GINGER code scans versus pulse duration for beam parameters corresponding to the LEUTL experiment. The points at the extreme right correspond to infinite pulse length. The error bars correspond to the run-to-run standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-the-leutl-fel-530-nm-3lcq389s.png Figure 1: Comparison between the LEUTL FEL 530-nm experimental data [1] (black dots), two long-pulse GINGER simulations with initial E of 0.35% (green line) and 0.4% (red line), and a short-pulse ( b = 0:2 ps) GINGER simulation with initial E = 0:35% (black line). https://scispace.com/papers/gingival-hyperplasia-induced-by-nifedipine-case-report-2co7d8bnwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gingival-hyperplasia-amund-lower-anterior-teeth-3qkssntv.png Figure 3. Gingival hyperplasia amund lower anterior teeth - lingual view https://scispace.com/papers/ginsenoside-metabolite-compound-k-induces-apoptosis-and-2qipqx9yth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-277x438mm-300-x-300-dpi-2n75qrky.png Figure 1 277x438mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-294x456mm-300-x-300-dpi-l6jmyvn7.png Figure 4 294x456mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-337x410mm-300-x-300-dpi-1tplhn6w.png Figure 3 337x410mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-209x412mm-300-x-300-dpi-1uhoh166.png Figure 5 209x412mm (300 x 300 DPI) https://scispace.com/papers/glass-formation-and-corrosion-properties-of-fe-cr-mo-c-b-2f4ysyz2oj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-corrosion-rates-of-the-amorphous-alloys-in-ls10163j.png Fig. 3. Corrosion rates of the amorphous alloys in H2SO4plotted versus chromium contents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dsc-curves-of-alloys-at-a-heating-rate-of-20-k-min-kg0u8qhp.png Fig. 2. DSC curves of alloys at a heating rate of 20 K/min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-the-amorphous-meltspun-lqibob11.png Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction pattern of the amorphous meltspun ribbons https://scispace.com/papers/global-analysis-of-gully-composition-using-manual-and-233c8b44db 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-category-breakdown-of-interesting-images-as-labeled-1e6yppsz.png Table 2: Category breakdown of ‘interesting’ images as labeled by manual analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mineral-species-allocated-into-hydrated-non-hydrated-3pntok5n.png Table 1: Mineral species allocated into hydrated/non-hydrated categories when using the automated method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-locations-of-the-354-frt-crism-images-in-our-7i31uxqi.png Figure 2: (A) Locations of the 354 FRT CRISM images in our sample. (B) Locations of 110 CRISM images in the Nuñez et al. (2016) sample. A map of the Dust Cover Index (DCI) (Ruff and Christensen, 2002), with the blue-to-red color gradient indicating the increasing presence of dust, is displayed in the background for reference. CRISM images are marked by symbols corresponding to our classification categories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-confusion-matrix-between-manual-classification-1yc4s3wq.png Table 4: Confusion matrix between manual classification (ground truth) and automatic classification. Manual https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-north-south-split-of-classified-images-2g3mku46.png Table 3: North/South split of classified images https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-values-of-recall-and-precision-of-the-automated-2vt3zdad.png Table 5: Values of recall and precision of the automated classifier for five different categories of images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-mineralogical-maps-generated-by-the-xx27fzis.png Figure 1: Examples of mineralogical maps generated by the auto-mapper from CRISM FRT images (A) 4AF7 (B) ADA4. Mineral signatures extracted from each of their respective main gully features are displayed in (C), with colors corresponding to their keys in (A) and (B). Arrows show the locations of extracted spectra in (A) and (B). Vertical dashed lines positioned at 1300 nm, 1900 nm, and 2200 nm illustrate hydration band depths for FRTADA4, while the FRT4AF7 LCP central band depth lies just above 1800 nm. The auto-mapper uses a LookUp Table (LUT) to assign mineral labels based on the presence of specific band depth features (process more fully described in Allender and Stepinski (2017). Specific mineral species may only be assigned based on the presence of certain band depths, as a basic example: in order for a deposit to be assigned as an Mg-smectite such as montmorillionite it must have absorption features at 1900, 2200, and 2300 nm (represented by CRISM summary products BD1900R_2, D2200, and D2300). If a deposit contains all of these features, but has additional enhancements in BD1400 and OLINDEX3 it would be labeled in the figure above as Mg-Smectite + BD1400 + OLINDEX3. If a deposit contained features from two mineral species who share common band depth features such as Kaolinite and Al-Smectite, the deposit would be labeled in the figure above as Kaolinite/Al-Smectite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-single-band-greyscale-image-of-frt9824-with-1kdy0r66.png Figure 4: (Left) Single band greyscale image of FRT9824 with the region of interest overlain with the CAR browse product from Viviano-Beck et al. (2014): (a) Single band image approximating albedo (1300 nm) (b) Cropped portion of CAR browse product overlaying the location of region of interest (c) from which spectral signature is extracted. (Right) Spectral signature extracted from region of interest(c) consistent with a carbonate with absorption features at and around 1400, 1900, 2300, and 2500 nm indicated with dotted lines. The detected spectrum is plotted in magenta as this is a color the deposit appears in the CAR browse product. A MICA library spectrum (plotted in black) of Fe/Ca carbonate (Viviano-Beck, 2015) is included to show similarities in spectral shape. https://scispace.com/papers/global-citizenship-education-in-latin-america-18k0fx29a0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-emerging-themes-in-the-discursive-construction-of-fqx1tztc.png Table I. Emerging themes in the discursive construction of ‘citizenship’, ‘globalization’ and ‘global citizenship’ in each country’s programmes of study. https://scispace.com/papers/global-competition-for-scientific-talent-evidence-from-2co3krpm9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-decision-to-take-a-phd-in-the-us-14yr2e3j.png Table 6 Decision to take a PhD in the US. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-science-and-engineering-phds-by-citizenship-1966-3gnp8zzu.png Figure 1 Science and engineering PhDs by citizenship, 1966-2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-of-sub-samples-of-phd-kpbw76iv.png Table 3 Summary statistics of sub-samples of PhD https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-decision-to-take-a-postdoc-in-the-us-22r6bn6l.png Table 8 Decision to take a Postdoc in the US. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-of-sub-samples-of-postdocs-17zf0g8e.png Table 4 Summary statistics of sub-samples of Postdocs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-definition-and-description-of-variables-related-to-1jw9dtgh.png Table 5 definition and description of variables related to the motivation for training abroad (PhD and Postdoc) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-decision-to-take-a-phd-us-versus-six-alternative-1if8rtb1.png Table 7 Decision to take a PhD. US versus six alternative destinations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-science-and-engineering-postdocs-working-in-academe-3a0vnvvm.png Figure 2 Science and engineering postdocs working in academe, 1980-2008 by citizenship status https://scispace.com/papers/global-control-and-fast-solid-state-donor-electron-spin-4k93b3dk6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-control-steps-and-times-in-the-exchange-based-cnot-2npith2l.png TABLE VI. Control steps and times in the exchange based CNOT gate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-and-timescales-for-the-cnot-gate-for-the-3moyswu0.png FIG. 7. Evolution and timescales for the CNOT gate for the states as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-donor-electron-spin-qubits-in-the-kane-2jsxdb6s.png FIG. 1. Color online Donor electron spin qubits in the Kane configuration including A–J–A control gates, auxiliary readout donors and SET readout. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-circuit-diagram-for-the-cnot-gate-1m0w5nkq.png FIG. 8. Circuit diagram for the CNOT gate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-control-steps-in-the-single-qubit-x-rotation-1f7z603k.png TABLE II. Control steps in the single qubit X rotation showing the operations effected on both target and spectator qubits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-levels-of-the-donor-electron-nucleus-system-in-miest7pm.png FIG. 2. Energy levels of the donor electron-nucleus system in a magnetic field B and hyperfine coupling A. The notation is https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-schematic-of-the-spin-charge-transduction-3ug0qs7w.png FIG. 9. Color online Schematic of the spin-charge transduction process for spin readout using a single electron transistor SET as an electrometer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-y-gate-evolution-and-timescales-for-input-2l69skvu.png FIG. 4. Typical Y gate evolution and timescales for input states as indiacted. https://scispace.com/papers/global-diffusion-of-the-internet-xii-the-internet-growth-in-3kuuegvy3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-and-their-sources-and-meanings-vve3wsq5.png Table 1. Variables and their Sources and Meanings https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-results-africa-and-the-rest-of-the-world-1ehdws11.png Table 3. Summary of Results: Africa and the Rest of the World (ROTW) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-regression-results-for-african-nations-2kyjzu8q.png Table 2b. Regression Results for African Nations https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-research-question-findings-368zir1g.png Table 8. Summary of Research Question Findings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-regression-results-for-the-rest-of-the-world-rotw-1gs83l32.png Table 2b. Regression Results for African Nations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wilcoxon-signed-ranks-test-results-internet-1ekwcp55.png Table 6. Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test Results (Internet Diffusion Variables) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-wilcoxon-signed-ranks-test-results-internet-x570t930.png Table 7. Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test Results (Internet Diffusion Independent Variables) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-conceptual-model-3tlurou4.png Figure 1. The Conceptual Model https://scispace.com/papers/global-dynamics-of-a-general-vector-borne-disease-model-with-5fyr5z44pb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hysteresis-diagram-of-the-model-parameters-are-2sc0ota1.png Figure 2: Hysteresis diagram of the model. Parameters are given by: Πh = 6, α = 0.66, βd = .5, βv = 0.00072, µh = .5, µv = 0.02,Πv = 50, δ = 7, γ = 0.0004. Time series plot using different initial conditions of the model. Parameters are same as hysteresis except βi = 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-dependence-of-i-on-the-parameter-a-3ph7o33a.png Figure 5: The dependence of I∗ on the parameter α https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-contour-plot-of-infected-host-in-terms-of-the-2x1liusl.png Figure 6: The contour plot of infected host in terms of the parameters: βd (infection rate for infected host to susceptible host population) and α (psychological parameter) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-backward-bifurcation-diagram-for-infected-host-at-1v1w2x2s.png Figure 1: Backward bifurcation diagram for infected host at R0 = 1 where the parameter values are given by: Πh = 6, α = 0.66, βd = 0.01, βv = 0.00072, µh = .5, µv = 0.02,Πv = 50, δ = 7, γ = 0.0004. Time series plot using different initial conditions of the model. Parameter values are same as backward bifurcation diagram except βi = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-parameters-used-in-the-model-3ijshhy1.png Table 1: Description of parameters used in the model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hysteresis-diagram-of-the-model-parameter-values-3ehp9tmk.png Figure 3: Hysteresis diagram of the model. Parameter values are given by: Πh = 6, α = 0.66, βv = 0.00072, µh = .5, µv = 0.02,Πv = 50, δ = 7, γ = 0.0004, βi = 0.3, βd = 0.48(for(a)), βd = 0.47(for(b)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variation-in-the-equilibrium-susceptible-host-level-3fmkuy9b.png Table 4: Variation in the equilibrium susceptible host level and equilibrium infected host level due to changes in the parameters k, βi and βv . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-series-of-infected-hosts-for-different-values-2qutkdnj.png Figure 7: Time series of infected hosts for different values of k. https://scispace.com/papers/global-distribution-of-tropical-deep-convection-different-34axqiahmd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-and-symbol-coded-seasonal-cycle-of-the-most-2bmn1ze9.png FIG. 9. Color- and symbol-coded seasonal cycle of the most extreme events (purple and black categories in Fig. 8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-6-yr-1998-2004-see-text-average-of-monthly-rain-3pcg2yu0.png FIG. 1. The 6-yr (1998–2004; see text) average of monthly rain rate estimates from (a) GPI, (b) TRMM 3A25, and (c) GPI after corrected with ratio of anvil area (see section 3a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-global-distribution-of-area-of-tb11-235-k-from-ccfs-3f6szmys.png FIG. 4. (a) Global distribution of area of TB11 235 K from CCFs ( 235 K). The area in each 5° 5° bin has been divided by TRMM 3A25 total pixel number to remove the sampling bias. Units are percent. (b) As in (a) but for the area with PR 2A25 rain from CCFs ( 235 K). (c) As in (b), but for the area without PR 2A25 rain. (d) Ratio of area with PR 2A25 rain to area of TB11 235 K in 5° 5° bins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-scatter-diagram-of-the-6-yr-average-monthly-rain-2vsawsuz.png FIG. 5. (a) Scatter diagram of the 6-yr average monthly rain from GPI and TRMM 3A25 in 1° 1° boxes between 20°S and 20°N. (b) Similar to (a) except applying a correction to the TB11 235 K ratio from Fig. 4d to the GPI rain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-location-of-ccfs-210-k-categorized-by-coldest-tb11-1cq1vj5j.png FIG. 8. Location of CCFs ( 210 K) categorized by coldest TB11, maximum 20-dBZ height, size of Tb 210 K, and size of 20 dBZ reaching 10 km. Rarity of the events are represented with green ( top 10%), orange ( top 1%), purple ( top 0.1%), and black ( top 0.01%) symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-characteristics-of-ccfs-235-k-with-minimum-tb11-2shriub5.png TABLE 2. Mean characteristics of CCFs ( 235 K) with minimum TB11 210 K and at least one pixel of 40 dBZ in Congo (10°S–5°N, 15°–32°E) and northwest tropical Pacific (0°–15°N, 135°–170°E). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-the-definitions-of-precipitation-features-3h76yj21.png FIG. 2. Example of the definitions of precipitation features (Nesbitt et al. 2000) and cold cloud features (CCF 210 K) from a TRMM orbit over Argentina in 1998. Thin dashed line is the TRMM 2A12 (retrieved from TMI) rainfall rate. Thin solid line is the TRMM 2A25 (retrieved from PR) rainfall rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-relative-frequency-of-level-of-neutral-buoyancy-in-3crqp87e.png FIG. 11. Relative frequency of level of neutral buoyancy in Central Africa (Congo, 10°S– 5°N, 15°–30°E) and the northwestern tropical Pacific (0°–15°N, 135°–170°E). The modal values are 14.18 and 14.44 km, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/global-microbarom-patterns-a-first-confirmation-of-the-oxhukrh5qd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-methodology-between-model-with-the-21n9thpn.png Figure 2. Comparison methodology between model—with the configuration DC20, WindSta, REF102040—and detections shown for I37NO, Norway for [0.2–0.3] Hz. (a) Azimuth distribution of the modeled amplitude (normalized per time step). All detections are depicted by black dots. (b) After the application of a threshold to the normalized amplitude—here 0.4—the detections are classified into predicted (green) and unpredicted (red) detections. Modeled directions of microbarom arrivals are highlighted in white, whereas black depicts unfavorable directions according to the model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-the-ims-infrasound-network-showing-the-1q4k5xd0.png Figure 1. (a) Map of the IMS infrasound network showing the certified and planned stations as of October 2020. Seven of the currently operating stations were not certified before 2012 and are therefore not considered in this study. (b) Third-octave frequency band configuration for the PMCC data processing of the 45 remaining stations. The time step of the processing is 10% of the window lengths (Ceranna et al., 2019). Microbarom detections coincide with log-scaled bands between 0.1 and 0.6 Hz. (c) Global pattern of the microbarom detections during the studied period—each colored line depicts the average back azimuth within (T F02D 7 days, T + 7 days). The time step is 4 days. In the case of missing lines, no microbarom signals were detected within the respective time window, including due to occasionally missing infrasound station data. IMS, International Monitoring System; PMCC, Progressive MultiChannel Correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cpo-variations-against-output-parameters-stations-1v5v4t3w.png Figure 3. CPO variations against output parameters—stations (ordered by latitude), months, years, and frequency—for the eight modeling configurations. Solid lines represent configurations with the DC20 source model, while dashed lines correspond to configurations with the W07 source model. Configurations with parameters NOREF–NoWind, NOREF–WindSta, REF102040–NoWind, and REF102040–WindSta are respectively colored in blue, yellow, green, and red. (a) Variations over the 45 IMS stations. (b) Monthly variations for stations in the Northern Hemisphere. (c) Variations over the frequency bands. (d) Monthly variations for stations in the Southern Hemisphere. (e) Variations over the 7 years of this study. CPO, coefficient of predicted observation; IMS, International Monitoring System. https://scispace.com/papers/global-mapping-of-an-exo-earth-using-sparse-modeling-s5x6daji0h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-same-as-figure-1-but-for-z-23-445-and-i-45-zlsioox0.png Figure 2. Same as Figure 1, but for z = 23 .445 and = i 45 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mapping-the-surface-of-the-earth-using-the-2-yr-3bndzjh5.png Figure 3. Mapping the surface of the Earth using the 2 yr DSCOVR/EPIC observations. (a) Ground truth pixelated land fraction surface map of the Earth (Fan et al. 2019). (b) Annual mean of the observational weights Gi j, in the 2 yr DSCOVR/EPIC observations. (c) Recovered map with Tikhonov regularization derived by Fan et al. (2019). (d) Recovered map with regularization of L1-norm and TSV. The maps recovered from PC2 are converted into the values corresponding to the land fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-recovered-surface-maps-with-different-combinations-3hiqyrar.png Figure 4. Recovered surface maps with different combinations of ( )L = - - -10 , 10 , 10l 4 3 2 and ( )L = - - -10 , 10 , 10tsv 4 3 2 . The optimal solution is shown in the center of the panel being surrounded by red dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-statistical-noises-in-the-unit-of-photon-counts-a9lsuah9.png Figure 5. (a) Statistical noises in the unit of photon counts derived by coronagraph (Robinson et al. 2016; Lustig-Yaeger et al. 2019). (b) Scatter plot of land fraction and PC2 extracted from light curves with =D 5obs month days. The red line shows a linear fitting to the data, and the coefficient of determination r2=0.48. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mock-albedo-map-of-the-earth-and-the-recovered-2kuog3p9.png Figure 1. Mock albedo map of the Earth and the recovered surface estimated from the light curves with S/N=2, 5. (a) Injected albedo map of the Earth. (b) Annual mean of the observational weightsGi j, of the mock data. (c) Recovered map based on Tikhonov regularization (S/N=100). (d) Recovered map with S/N=5 based on regularization of the L1-term an TSV. (e) Same as (c), but for S/N=5. (f) Same as (d), but for S/N=5. (g) Same as (c), but for S/N=2. (h) Same as (d), but for S/N=2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-global-mapping-of-the-dscovr-data-assuming-g4aq8glm.png Figure 6. Global mapping of the DSCOVR data assuming observations from a distance of 5 pc using Tikhonov regularization (a), (c) and sparse modeling (b), (d). The observational duration is one day in one month ((a) and (b); =D 1obs month day), and five days ((c) and (d); =D 5obs month days). The recovered maps are chosen by minimizing WRSS between the recovered maps and the land map of the Earth. https://scispace.com/papers/global-signal-regression-strengthens-association-between-1yxw9z3fld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-consistency-across-explained-behavioral-variance-2whfyebz.png Figure 7. Consistency across explained behavioral variance and kernel ridge regression accuracies. (A) Scatterplots of explained behavioral variance (variance component model) and kernel ridge regression accuracies for 23 GSP behavioral measures with and without GSR. (B) Scatterplots of explained behavioral variance (variance component model) and kernel ridge regression accuracies for 58 HCP behavioral measures with and without GSR. Each blue dot represents a behavioral measure. Black lines represent the linear fit of blue dots. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between explained variance and accuracies are reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gsr-improves-behavioral-variance-explained-by-rsfc-1dqz92ry.png Figure 4. GSR improves behavioral variance explained by RSFC in the HCP dataset using the variance component model. (A) Behavioral variance explained by RSFC averaged across all 58 behaviors for two preprocessing pipelines: HCP-Baseline+GSR (blue) and HCP-Baseline (green). The “boxes” show the median and interquartile range (IQR) of explained variance across all jackknife samples. The whisker length is 1.5 IQR. Black circles indicate mean. Outliers are shown by grey dots. (B) Variance explained by RSFC for age and sex. (C) Behavioral variance explained by RSFC for 13 cognitive measures. For each behavioral measure, the explained variance by the HCP-Baseline+GSR pipeline, HCPBaseline pipeline, and difference between the two pipelines are shown in blue, green and red respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gsr-reduces-imaging-artifacts-while-exacerbating-192vpv4p.png Figure 2. GSR reduces imaging artifacts, while exacerbating distance-dependent FC biases (A) QC plot of a representative mid-motion GSP subject. FD (red), DVARS (blue), and GS (black) are shown in the top three panels. The horizontal lines in the first two panels indicate the thresholds used in the censoring step. The bottom two panels are signal intensity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gsr-improves-rsfc-based-behavioral-prediction-e9oko1zt.png Figure 5. GSR improves RSFC-based behavioral prediction accuracies in the GSP dataset using kernel ridge regression. (A) Test accuracies averaged across all 23 behaviors for two preprocessing pipelines: GSP-Baseline+GSR (blue) and GSP-Baseline (green). The “boxes” show the median and interquartile range (IQR) of test accuracies across 20 random cross-validation splits. The whisker length is 1.5 IQR. Black circles indicate mean. Outliers are shown by grey dots. (B) Test accuracies for age and sex. (C) Test accuracies for 9 behavioral measures. For all measures, the accuracies of the GSP-Baseline+GSR pipeline, GSP-Baseline pipeline, and difference between the two pipelines are shown in blue, green and red respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gsr-results-in-a-negative-shift-in-rsfc-in-the-gsp-3c3po4y3.png Figure 1. GSR results in a negative “shift” in RSFC in the GSP dataset. (A) 400-area cortical parcellation (Schaefer et al., 2017). Parcel colors correspond to 17 large-scale networks (Yeo et al., 2011). (B) 19 subcortical ROIs (Fischl et al., 2002). (C) RSFC matrix among the 419 ROIs using baseline processing without GSR. (D) RSFC matrix among the 419 ROIs using baseline processing with GSR. For visualization, the 419 ROIs are ordered according to the 17 networks in (A) and subcortical structures listed in (B). These 17 networks are in turn divided into eight groups (TempPar, Default, Control, Limbic, Salience/Ventral Attention, Dorsal Attention, Somatomotor and Visual), roughly corresponding to major networks discussed in the literature. These eight groups and subcortical structures are separated by thick while lines. Consistent with the literature, GSR introduces a negative shift in the RSFC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-consistencies-in-gsr-related-improvements-between-zgklc9qf.png Figure 8. Consistencies in GSR-related improvements between RSFC-explained behavioral variance and kernel ridge regression accuracies. (A) Scatterplots of GSRrelated change in RSFC-explained behavioral variance and GSR-related change in kernel ridge regression accuracies for 23 GSP behavioral measures. (B) Scatterplots of GSR-related change in RSFC-explained behavioral variance and GSR-related change in kernel ridge regression accuracies for 58 HCP behavioral measures. Each blue dot represents a behavioral measure. Black lines represent the linear fit of blue dots. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between explained variance and accuracies are reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gsr-improves-rsfc-based-behavioral-prediction-1svdpmpr.png Figure 6. GSR improves RSFC-based behavioral prediction accuracies in the HCP dataset using kernel ridge regression. (A). Test accuracies averaged across all 58 behaviors for two preprocessing pipelines: HCP-Baseline+GSR (blue) and HCP-Baseline (green). The “boxes” show the median and interquartile range (IQR) of test accuracies across 20 random cross-validation splits. The whisker length is 1.5 IQR. Black circles indicate mean. Outliers are shown by grey dots. (B). Test accuracies for age and sex. (C). Test accuracies for 13 cognitive measures. For each behavioral measure, the accuracies of the HCP-Baseline+GSR pipeline, HCP-Baseline pipeline, and difference between the two pipelines are shown in blue, green and red respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-gsr-improves-rsfc-explained-variance-in-both-gsp-kt8m9007.png Figure 10. GSR improves RSFC-explained variance in both GSP and HCP datasets even when FD and DVARS were not included as nuisance covariates in the variance component model. (A) GSP dataset. (B) HCP dataset. Blue boxplots represent the variance explained by RSFC averaged across all behaviors with the Baseline+GSR preprocessing pipeline. Green boxplots represent the variance explained by RSFC averaged across all behaviors with the Baseline preprocessing pipeline. Darker colors represent results when FD and DVARS were included as covariates; lighter colors represent the results when FD and DVARS were not regressed. The “boxes” show the median and interquartile range (IQR) of explained variance across all jackknife samples. The whisker length is 1.5 IQR. Black circles indicate mean. Outliers are shown by grey dots. https://scispace.com/papers/global-production-networks-and-the-evolution-of-industrial-2mhast1xbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-product-density-and-export-performance-augmented-3hqpnunl.png Table 5 Product density and export performance: Augmented with policy variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-product-density-and-acquisition-of-revealed-oupxmqbj.png Table 2. Product density and acquisition of revealed comparative advantage (Dependent variable: RCA) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-gpn-goods-are-disproportionally-represented-among-180tt2vt.png Table 6. GPN goods are disproportionally represented among ‘unlikely’ transitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-product-density-and-export-performance-dependent-1tw8wnmr.png Table 3 Product density and export performance (Dependent variable is exports in logs) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-product-density-and-evolution-of-revealed-1vihc5la.png Table 4. Product density and evolution of revealed comparative advantage: Augmented models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2jrgq3hg.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/global-stability-of-sirs-epidemic-models-with-a-class-of-14y6r570g3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-system-6-1-and-their-values-used-in-1akxhrpk.png Table 1: Parameters of system (6.1) and their values used in Figure 2. For the above parameter values, we have R0 = 257.732 · · · > 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-graph-trajectory-of-s-t-i-t-and-r-t-of-system-6-w6utd0r5.png Figure 2: The graph trajectory of S(t), I(t) and R(t) of system (6.1). For the parameter values in Table 1 with α = 1.1 and δ = 0.003, we have R0 = 257.732 · · · > 1 and E∗ = (229.338 · · · , 106.56 · · · , 164.102 · · · ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-curves-of-d1-a-dotted-line-and-d2-a-dashed-line-for-xi4d3li7.png Figure 1: Curves of δ1(α) (dotted line) and δ2(α) (dashed line) for the parameter set in Table 1 [(1): δ > δ1(α), (2): 0 ≤ δ ≤ δ1(α) and 0 ≤ δ < δ2(α), (3): 0 ≤ δ ≤ δ1(α) and δ ≥ δ2(α)]. Here, GAS and LAS denote globally asymptotically stable and locally asymptotically stable, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/global-tracking-and-state-estimation-with-nonsmooth-impacts-3753crfs9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interpretation-of-the-hybrid-tracking-algorithm-23kk0m9x.png Fig. 2. Interpretation of the hybrid tracking algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-translating-masses-z-and-x-confined-by-a-wall-to-a-tbpgjx9u.png Fig. 1. Two translating masses Z and X confined, by a wall, to a half-space with s◦=0. https://scispace.com/papers/globalization-culture-religion-and-values-comparing-2r1449yken 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-acculturation-patterns-manifested-in-consumption-aruwaqf6.png Table 3: Acculturation Patterns Manifested in Consumption Behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lebanese-muslim-consumption-patterns-r65958sp.png Figure 2: Lebanese-Muslim Consumption Patterns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lebanese-christian-consumption-patterns-3keg5ha4.png Figure 3: Lebanese-Christian Consumption Patterns https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-construct-findings-2myxn5hq.png Table 1: Summary of Construct Findings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-culture-and-behavior-8ynkuyxg.png Table 2: Culture and Behavior* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-relationships-1ou6r07y.png Figure 1: Summary of Relationships https://scispace.com/papers/globule-a-platform-for-self-replicating-web-documents-v6qsmyfwsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-architecture-2vxz7dzj.png Figure 1: General Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/globally-exact-asymptotics-for-integrals-with-arbitrary-2v1kwg6tuh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-for-example-2-the-modulus-of-the-nth-term-in-the-level-pcgmiol0.png Fig. 6. For example 2: The modulus of the nth term in the Level 2 hyperasymptotic expansion (blue dots), and the modulus of the remainder after taking n terms in the approximation (red crosses). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-numbers-of-terms-in-each-series-of-the-3i3ih4gj.png Table 1 The numbers of terms in each series of the hyperasymptotic expansion that are required to minimise overall the absolute error for the (1 → 2) Pearcey example derived from (31). Note that each row corresponds to a decision to stop the re-expansion at that stage. Hence the table row corresponding to level “two” corresponds to the truncations required at each level up to two, after deciding to stop after two re-expansions of the remainder. Note that all the truncations change with the decision to stop at a particular level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-for-example-1-the-modulus-of-the-nth-term-in-the-level-1d7b2uly.png Fig. 4. For example 1: The modulus of the nth term in the Level 3 hyperasymptotic expansion (blue dots), and the modulus of the remainder after taking n terms in the approximation (red crosses). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contours-used-in-the-derivation-of-the-exact-remainder-120inkwd.png Fig. 2. Contours used in the derivation of the exact remainder terms. (a) The contour Γ(n)(θ) relative to the integration contour P(n)(θ;αn) as used in (10). (b) A schematic representation of the saddle points t(mj) that are adjacent to t(n) and the adjacent contours P(mj) emanating from them in (18), together with the domain ∆(n). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-numbers-of-terms-required-to-minimise-the-20sau6ut.png Table 2 The numbers of terms required to minimise the absolute error at each level of the hyperasymptotic re-expansions for the (3→ 5) degenerate example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-steepest-descent-paths-in-the-complex-t-plane-372pfmgw.png Fig. 5. (a) Steepest descent paths in the complex t-plane passing through the third order saddle t(1) (ω1 = 3) and the fifth order saddle t(2) (ω2 = 5) between labelled valleys Vj , j = 1, 2, . . . , 6 at infinity for θ = −π 4 . The path of integration chosen is P(1)(−π 4 , 0) which runs between t(1) and V3. (b) The rotated steepest descent path P(1)(0, 0), emerging from t(1) connects with t(2) at the Stokes phenomenon θ+12 = 0. The bold lines are the steepest paths that are used in the Level 1 hyperasymptotic expansion about t(1) (32), (24). (c) The steepest descent path P(2)(9π, α2), emerging from t(2) connects with t(1) at the Stokes phenomenon θ+121 = 9π. The bold lines are the steepest paths that are used in the Level 2 hyperasymptotic expansion about t(1) (35), (24). (Or Level 1 hyperasymptotic expansion about t(2).) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-location-of-the-parameter-point-x-y-2-2-3-at-which-jv8brdza.png Fig. 3. (a) Location of the parameter point (x, y) = (2 √ 2,−3) at which we evaluate the integral (44) relative to the caustic of the Pearcey function, satisfying 27x2 = −8y3. (b) The steepest descent paths P(1)(−π 4 , 0), P(1)(−π 4 , 1) in the complex t-plane emerging from the simple saddle t(1) (ω1 = 2) and travelling to labelled valleys Vj , j = 2, 3 at infinity. Also shown is the degenerate saddle t(2) (ω2 = 3). (c) The steepest descent paths P(2)( π 2 , α2), α2 = 0, 1, 2, emerging from t(2), as a Stokes phenomenon occurs between t(1) and t(2) when θ+12 = π 2 . The bold lines are the steepest paths that are used in the Level 1 hyperasymptotic expansion about t(1) (32), (24). (d) The steepest descent paths P(2)( 11 2 π, α2), α2 = 0, 1, 2, emerging from t(2), as a Stokes phenomenon occurs between t(2) and t(1) when θ+121 = 11 2 π. The bold lines are the steepest paths that are used in the Level 2 hyperasymptotic expansion about t(1) (35), (24). (Or Level 1 hyperasymptotic expansion about t(2).) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-on-paths-of-steepest-descent-emanating-from-the-on-3vx0jz3s.png Fig. 1. The ωn paths of steepest descent emanating from the (ωn−1)st-order critical point t(n) of f(t). https://scispace.com/papers/globular-cluster-giant-branches-and-the-metallicity-scale-45ackqqinr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-this-shows-the-correlation-between-the-14i9a4oa.png Fig. 5.—This shows the correlation between the infrareddetermined parameters of Figs. 2 and 4a. Only two of the clusters selected out in the previous figures (NGC 2808 and 6121) are significantly deviant from the rest. The solid line is the theoretical relation between log Te(GB) and A/bol(GB) derived as discussed in the text. The locations of these models with [Fe/H]solar= -2.3, — 1.7, and —1.3 are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-h-b-parameter-is-the-fraction-of-red-horizontal-2z8qbj8j.png Fig. 8.—The H.B. Parameter is the fraction of red horizontal branch stars. The circled points are MIO, M13, NGC 288, and 6752—four clusters with exceptionally blue HBs for their metallicity as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calibrating-clusters-for-fe-h-ir-38tzkevl.png TABLE 4 Calibrating Clusters for [Fe/H]IR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-illustration-of-the-definition-of-the-1ay5pneq.png Fig. 1.—A schematic illustration of the definition of the giant branch parameter MKo, the absolute K magnitude of the mean giant branch at ( F - /r)0 = 3.0, and the parameter ( K - /<f)0(GB), the color of the mean GB at MKq = 5.5. https://scispace.com/papers/glutaredoxins-in-fungi-19vdj7ireg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fungal-glutaredoxins-like-proteins-with-the-w88xrifc.png Table 3. Fungal glutaredoxins-like proteins with the conserved CPxS motifª https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fungal-monothiol-glutaredoxins-with-the-trx-grx-19pif4t2.png Table 2. Fungal monothiol glutaredoxins with the Trx-Grx domain structureª https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimentally-determined-or-predicted-location-of-31lijjk1.png Table 1. Experimentally determined or predicted location of fungal dithiol GRXs https://scispace.com/papers/glycerol-silicone-foams-tunable-3-phase-elastomeric-porous-1chdk569ua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-representation-of-the-chemical-and-2h0qtmxg.png Figure 1. Graphical representation of the chemical and physical processes taking place when foaming glycerol-silicone compositions. A reaction between silicon hydrides and the hydroxyl groups of glycerol, catalysed by sodium hydroxide, leads to the formation of gaseous hydrogen, which in turn acts as a blowing agent. Simultaneously, the reaction between silicon hydrides and the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-image-of-a-sample-naoh-0-8-cross-section-nmm3121k.png Figure 4. SEM image of a sample NaOH-0.8 cross-section demonstrating the homogeneous micromorphology of glycerol-silicone foams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-sections-of-round-foams-prepared-using-67dnm11v.png Figure 2. Cross-sections of round foams prepared using standard synthesis parameters with varied base concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-investigated-samples-with-corresponding-2hfyiqit.png Table 1. List of investigated samples with corresponding sample names. The numbers in bold refer to the varied parameter. https://scispace.com/papers/gold-nanostar-substrates-for-metal-enhanced-fluorescence-2kpjpssv80 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculated-values-of-modified-quantum-yield-qm-total-1hfiq47i.png Table 4: Calculated values of modified quantum yield (Qm), total enhancement factor (Ef), emission enhancement factor (Eem) and excitation enhancement factor (Eex) of AF750 (Em 775 nm) and AF790 (Em 805 nm) on S- and L-AuNS substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multi-exponential-analysis-of-intensity-decay-of-1xnhg051.png Table 3. Multi-exponential analysis of intensity decay of AF750 and AF790 monolayers on glass substrates and S- or L-AuNS substrates, showing the weighting fractions (a1, a2, a3), the observed lifetimes (τ1, τ2 and τ3), the intensity-weighted lifetime (τ), and the goodness of fit parameter ( ) . https://scispace.com/papers/good-interpolation-points-learning-from-chebyshev-fekete-1445np2xhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1rz268ww.png TABLE 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1cb8tit5.png FIGURE 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-218x367y.png FIGURE 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-14fnrbz8.png TABLE 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-49k6mi8e.png FIGURE 3. https://scispace.com/papers/goodness-of-fit-and-confidence-intervals-of-approximate-4eges0q2nq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cdf-of-the-central-f-distribution-of-t-2-th-for-the-3sidjely.png Fig. 2. CDF of the central F -distribution of T 2 θ̂ for the simulated exponential forgetting data estimated by the exponential function (see text for details). Left: The empirical CDF (solid line), the theoretical central CDF of the modified Hotelling’s test with F (4, 24) (dashed line), and the theoretical CDF of the original Hotelling’s test F (6, 24) (dotted line). Right: the same only with CDF F (4, 196) and F (6, 196). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-in-fig-7-for-the-approximate-linear-function-14dlg089.png Fig. 8. Same as in Fig. 7 for the approximate (linear) function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-empirical-and-theoretical-cdf-of-the-f-lfoewbri.png Fig. 6. The empirical and theoretical CDF of the F distribution based on n = 30 (left) and 200 (right) when the approximate (linear) function is used. The dotted line represents the theoretical CDF of the original Hotelling’s test and the dashed line that of the approximate Hotelling’s test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-ratio-of-estimated-and-true-se-for-the-true-2pqjppp0.png Fig. 7. The ratio of estimated and true se for the true (exponential) function for the different types of estimators: Hessian using the model 2σ̂2J−1 dashed-dotted line, Hessian using the means 2s2J−1 long-dashed line, sandwich J−1IJ−1 dotted line, bootstrap se(θB) short– dashed line. Left: white noise, middle: colored noise, right: colored noise but estimated as if white. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-forgetting-data-described-in-reisberg-2001-p-204-dots-b6mkkqyu.png Fig. 1. Forgetting data described in Reisberg (2001, p. 204) (dots), the estimated exponential function (dashed line), and the estimated linear function (dotted line), both estimated by ordinary LS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-empirical-cdf-solid-line-based-on-n-30-left-and-3lu9unr2.png Fig. 4. The empirical CDF (solid line) based on n = 30 (left) and 200 (right) and the theoretical CDF (dashed line) of the χ24 distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-the-level-of-the-tests-modified-t-2-th-dashed-1blz8kpr.png Fig. 5. Left: The level of the tests modified T 2 θ̂ (dashed line), original T 2θ (dotted line), and GR Cθ̂ (dahsed-dotted line). The solid line is at 0.05, the nominal level of the test. Right: The power of the three tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-q-q-plots-of-the-empirical-cdf-solid-dots-and-the-8fphs6nn.png Fig. 3. Q-Q plots of the empirical CDF (solid dots) and the theoretical CDF (dashed line) with modified F (4, 194) (left) and original F (6, 194) (right) Hotelling’s test. https://scispace.com/papers/gopher-tortoise-survey-handbook-1hho2ikrxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a15-start-and-end-point-coordinates-of-transect-19l5t8wd.png Figure A15. Start and end point coordinates of transect. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a36-use-the-data-filter-to-run-one-model-at-a-time-1f3o5cmw.png Figure A36. Use the data filter to run one model at a time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a37-acceptable-cv-20-76-for-a-small-population-with-a-1732yt0d.png Figure A37. Acceptable CV (20.76%) for a small population with a limited sample size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a16-survey-results-and-map-of-transects-to-be-376hhoht.png Figure A16. Survey results and map of transects to be surveyed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metadata-associated-with-standardized-tortoise-2h2k4f9e.png Table 1. Metadata associated with standardized tortoise surveys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a29-output-of-detection-fct-global-k-s-gof-test-gw1u8wxn.png Figure A29. Output of Detection Fct/Global/K-S GOF test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-laying-out-a-line-transect-for-distance-sampling-of-22ilrd5j.png Figure 2. Laying out a line transect for distance sampling of gopher tortoises. Equipment needed includes a sighting compass and tape measure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a22-sample-program-distance-data-analysis-178t6rv8.png Figure A22. Sample Program Distance data analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/governing-at-the-frontier-of-the-european-commission-the-3qbucv7qc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-four-ideal-typical-decision-making-dynamics-6jpdw0g9.png Table 1: Four ideal-typical decision-making dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proxies-of-four-decision-making-dynamics-4pkj9cna.png Table 2: Proxies of four decision-making dynamics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-percent-of-snes-who-strongly-agree-on-the-following-2srtvdjt.png Table 6: Percent of SNEs who strongly agree on the following statements.1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percent-of-snes-who-emphasise-proposals-statements-12gedl6i.png Table 5: Percent of SNEs who emphasise proposals, statements and arguments from the following institutions.1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-percent-of-snes-who-co-ordinate-with-the-following-2gu2z9m3.png Table 4: Percent of SNEs who co-ordinate with the following institutions.1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percent-of-snes-who-have-the-following-contact-boff5zmg.png Table 3: Percent of SNEs who have the following contact patterns.1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-snes-perception-of-the-representational-roles-evoked-dkxybix2.png Table 7: SNEs’ perception of the representational roles evoked by other SNEs. https://scispace.com/papers/government-intervention-in-smes-e-commerce-adoption-an-3n7wx365bj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-companies-description-3kiszqxw.png Table 2. Companies’ description https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-desired-intervention-by-different-companies-1ljagkco.png Table 3. Desired intervention by different companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-of-institutional-intervention-king-et-al-3ry3w7v2.png Table 1. Dimensions of institutional intervention (King et al., 1994) https://scispace.com/papers/gpe-a-new-representation-for-vlsi-floorplan-problem-1orj6by3wr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-three-types-of-perturbation-a-the-initial-gpe-gpe-tree-2yom7zps.png Fig. 4. Three types of perturbation. (a) The initial GPE, GPE-tree and floorplan, (b) The resulting GPE, GPE-tree and floorplan after complementing the chain {* + *}, (c) The resulting GPE, GPE-tree and floorplan after rotating the module f, (d) The resulting GPE, GPE-tree and floorplan after swapping the module d and the subtree {g h i + *}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-slicing-tree-representation-and-its-corresponding-1vuzcgsr.png Fig. 1. Slicing tree representation and its corresponding Polish expression of a slicing floorplan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-gpe-tree-and-an-gpe-correspond-to-its-packing-agq7asiv.png Fig. 3. A GPE-tree and an GPE correspond to its packing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relational-operators-a-dead-area-is-no-longer-utilized-hiavx5wo.png Fig. 2. Relational operators (a) dead area is no longer utilized by only horizontal or vertical operators (b) corner operator, @, can effectively reuse the dead area, and (c) a floorplan of wheel structure, where A, B, C, D and E can be a module or a super-module. Notice that the part of shadow is dead area. https://scispace.com/papers/gpr-phase-based-techniques-for-profiling-rough-surfaces-and-9lk9gj4qd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-reconstructed-surface-height-distribution-of-the-2tvut852.png Fig. 11. Reconstructed surface-height distribution of the composite surface: inline positions (cm) = inline index number 1 cm; crossline positions (cm) = crossline index number 5 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-composite-sandy-surface-comprising-two-rough-surface-dhfo6hue.png Fig. 8. Composite sandy surface comprising two rough surface patches. (a) Photograph of the actual composite surface. (b) Plan of measurement geometry (scanned area). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-surface-height-distribution-with-3dadd5j8.png Fig. 10. Comparison of surface-height distribution with/without correction of height ambiguity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-monostatic-phase-variations-at-2-8-ghz-inline-rgzv6hca.png Fig. 9. Monostatic phase variations at 2.8 GHz, inline positions (cm) = inline index number 1 cm; crossline positions (cm) = crossline index number 5 cm. (a) For the layer of 30–37.5 cm. (b). For the layer of 60–67.5 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-gpr-measurement-system-setup-3sg5ltuf.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the GPR measurement system setup: antenna “A” is tilted 1 to the left, while antenna “B” is angled 4 to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-phase-based-detection-of-three-ap-mines-one-pmn2-with-1mysheq8.png Fig. 12. Phase-based detection of three AP mines, one PMN2 with fully load, one M14 with half load (HL), and one M14 with full load (FL). Inline positions (cm) = inline index number 2 cm; crossline positions (cm) = crossline index number 2 cm. (a) Top view of the scanned area. (b) Photograph of three surrogate AP mines (opened for view). (Upper part) The picture of the real mines. (c) Bistatic phase-based detection result. (d) Monostatic phase-based detection result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectrum-of-simulated-sfcw-waveform-consisting-of-16-121imp5a.png Fig. 3. Spectrum of simulated SFCW waveform consisting of 16 frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-input-output-relationship-for-a-1pz2potq.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of the input–output relationship for a standoff GPR system. https://scispace.com/papers/gps-differential-code-biases-determination-methodology-and-286jcf5w87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-in-the-gps-satellite-constellation-used-by-3jwp2exy.png Table 1: Changes in the GPS satellite constellation used by IGS to align the DCBs. The 174 Exclusion and Incorporation columns indicate the Day of Year (DoY) 2014 when the satellite 175 is incorporated or excluded in the average. The last column indicates the DCB value. 176 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-reported-satellite-dcb-estimates-as-a-function-of-time-1lowxvks.png Fig. 9: Reported satellite DCB estimates as a function of time for the entire year of 2014: top PRN10 (SVN040, Block-IIA), bottom PRN08 (SVN038, Block-IIF). The estimates correspond to IGS combined Final Product (IGSG, pink squares) and Fast-PPP (FPPP, black squares). The gray bands indicate eclipse periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-four-character-identifier-of-igs-stations-and-1jvbb9pg.png Table 2: Four character identifier of IGS stations and coordinates associated with Figure 7. 391 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-values-of-daily-repeatability-and-annual-l0oa1hbv.png Table 3: Mean values of Daily Repeatability and Annual Stability of re-estimated DCBs for 394 receivers above 30º North in Figure 7 (right column panels). The values are in nanoseconds. 395 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-re-estimated-receiver-dcb-estimates-from-30sju4d4.png Fig. 3: Comparison of re-estimated receiver DCB estimates from a 1-hour batch (solid lines) 294 and from a 24-hour batch (points and dashed lines). The results from the precomputed GIMs 295 of IGS Final Product (IGSG) and Fast-PPP (FPPP) are shown in pink and black colors, 296 respectively. These results correspond to the receiver CRO1 located at 17ºN and 64ºW. 297 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-satellite-dcbs-jplg-final-product-from-258uzcqc.png Fig. 2: Evolution of satellite DCBs (JPLG Final Product) from 1998 to 2016. In the bottom 213 panel: i) The black stars show the DCBs aligned with the mean value of all satellites available 214 at each epoch, i.e. the IGS convention. ii) The gray circles show the same DCBs but aligned 215 with the new alignment procedure proposed in this research. The value of the DCB for 216 SVN046 (PRN11) is highlighted in both approaches. The top panel depicts the number of 217 satellites discarded to compute the mean value of DCBs over the previous 7 days. 218 https://scispace.com/papers/graceful-degradation-of-the-quality-of-control-through-data-2gxx43veja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-second-branching-1q99pvky.png Figure 5. Example - Second branching https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ncs-under-a-dropping-policy-34cwyi92.png Figure 3. NCS under a dropping policy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-first-branching-process-upyszrub.png Figure 4. Example - first branching process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-networked-control-system-28jzm39s.png Figure 1. Networked control system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-sampling-period-or-m-k-firm-2ca0mo8h.png Figure 2. Relationship between sampling period or (m,k)-firm constraint and QoC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-position-trace-of-the-cart-without-packet-drops-or-1ypake20.png Figure 8. Position trace of the cart without packet drops (or under (1,1)-firm constraint). J=10.7041 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-position-trace-of-the-cart-under-311-firm-263bx2mu.png Figure 6. Position trace of the cart under (3,11)-firm constraint, with f0=3, f1=1 and f2=7. J=15.9487. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-position-trace-of-the-cart-under-311-firm-3splq13t.png Figure 7. Position trace of the cart under (3,11)-firm constraint, with f0=3, f1=4 and f2=4. J=12.7649. https://scispace.com/papers/gradual-repression-of-selenoprotein-w-ensures-physiological-31irk0d7y5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-osteopetrotic-phenotypes-in-mice-with-selenow-2gs9inlj.png Fig. 2 Osteopetrotic phenotypes in mice with SELENOW deficiency. a Defective osteoclast formation in SELENOW−/− osteoclast precursors. Scale bar, 100 μm. b Downregulation of osteoclast marker genes during the differentiation of SELENOW−/− osteoclast precursors. Total RNA was collected on the indicated days and analysed by qPCR. c μCT analysis of proximal tibiae from male wild-type (WT) and SELENOW−/− mice. BV/TV, trabecular bone volume per tissue volume; Tb.N, trabecular bone number; Tb.Th, trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp, trabecular separation; BMD, bone mineral density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selenow-regulates-osteoclastogenic-gene-expression-a-z09thhke.png Fig. 4 SELENOW regulates osteoclastogenic gene expression. a Osteoclastogenic transcription factors and SELENOW co-translocate into the nucleus. Osteoclast precursors overexpressing SELENOW were treated with an inhibitor of NFATc1 (cyclosporin A, CsA). NF-κB, NFATc1, and SELENOW levels were determined by western blotting. b Luciferase reporter assay. RAW264.7 cells overexpressing SELENOW were transfected with AP-1, NF-κB, or NFATc1-luciferase reporter and luciferase activity was measured. c, d SELENOW interacts with NF-κB and NFATc1. Cytosolic extracts from cells expressing a His-tagged SELENOW were pulled down with anti-His-Tag antibody (c). Nuclear extracts from pre-osteoclasts overexpressing SELENOW were immunoprecipitated with https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-osteoporotic-phenotypes-in-mice-with-selenow-2oacly4e.png Fig. 3 Osteoporotic phenotypes in mice with SELENOW overexpression. a SELENOW expression in whole extracts during osteoclast differentiation of osteoclast precursors from wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic mice (TG) was evaluated by immunoblotting with an anti-SELENOW antibody. b Accelerated osteoclast formation in SELENOW-overexpressing osteoclast precursors. Scale bar, 100 μm. c The mRNA levels of the osteoclast-specific marker genes c-Fos, NFATc1, c-Src, Acp5, and Ctsk and of SELENOW were determined by RT-PCR. d μCT analysis of proximal tibiae from male WT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-constitutive-expression-of-selenow-leads-to-excess-pre-o7lgj53q.png Fig. 5 Constitutive expression of SELENOW leads to excess pre-osteoclast fusion and osteoclastic bone resorption. a, b Induction of pre-osteoclast fusion and osteoclastic bone resorption by SELENOW. Fusion assay in preosteoclasts from wild-type and SELENOW-overexpressing transgenic mice (a) or SELENOW−/− mice (b). Osteoclast fusion rate was determined by counting TRAP+ MNCs with a diameter ≥ 100 μm. Scale bars, 100 μm. c, d Pit formation. Osteoclast precursors were prepared from wild-type and SELENOW-overexpressing transgenic mice (c) or SELENOW−/− mice (d). Pit formation by osteoclasts is expressed as a percentage of resorbed area on the bone slice surface Scale bars, 100 μm. e Anti-apoptotic effect of SELENOW. Mature osteoclasts were transduced with SELENOW-overexpressing retrovirus and cell survival was assessed 2 days later by staining with TRAP (upper panels) or FITC-labelled phalloidin (lower panels) to detect TRAP+ osteoclasts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-selenow-positively-regulates-osteoclastogenesis-a-3hfm03jd.png Fig. 1 SELENOW positively regulates osteoclastogenesis. a Downregulation of SELENOW during osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast precursors were cultured with RANKL and M-CSF, and SELENOW gene expression was analysed by RT-PCR, northern blotting (NB), and immunoblotting (IB). b, c RANKL/RANK/TRAF6 axis-dependent downregulation of SELENOW. Osteoclast precursors treated with interferon-γ (b) and TRAF6-deficient osteoclast precursors (c) failed to induce RANKLmediated SELENOW inhibition. d Up- and down-regulation of SELENOW via ERK and p38 activation, respectively. Osteoclast precursors were pretreated with inhibitors of ERK (PD98059), JNK (SP600125), p38 (SB203580), NF-κB (SN50), and NFATc1 (cyclosporin A, CsA) in the presence of M-CSF and then stimulated with RANKL for 2 days. e, f Reduced and increased osteoclast formation following SELENOW knockdown (e) and overexpression (f), respectively. Scale bars, 100 μm. Data represent mean ± SD. *p < 0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/gradient-sample-argument-weighting-for-robust-image-region-4db3nfci0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustrations-of-the-four-suggested-weights-wc-wp-wt-12eta9gu.png Fig. 2: Illustrations of the four suggested weights wc, wp, wt, and wq as a function of the gradient magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-subfigures-c-f-show-argument-density-estimates-of-the-27gs8fze.png Fig. 3: Subfigures (c)-(f) show argument density estimates of the reference image in Fig. 1a (solid lines), the reference image with an added lighting gradient (a) (dotted lines), and the reference image with a 35[dB] PSNR image noise (b) (dashed lines). The gradients were calculated by differences of adjacent pixel values for all image pixels. Clearly, wc provides the worst robustness. The magnitude weighting wm performs better but significant changes are still seen. Both wt and wq show good robustness to the image perturbations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-figures-show-an-image-region-a-and-the-2i0ef12h.png Fig. 1: The figures show an image region (a) and the corresponding gradient argument histogram (b) with magnitude weighting and a linear binning. Overlaid is the continuous kernel density estimate given by a triangular kernel with a width of 22.5[◦]. https://scispace.com/papers/grain-orientation-and-dislocation-patterns-392rxrq6z6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-33mmgkpo.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1tvhxb67.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1bgjf7dw.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3ha7g2ca.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-28trk9nn.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/papers/grammatical-approach-to-problem-solving-3tqzgo62ua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-level-view-of-the-grammatical-approach-2knf6fyg.png Figure 1: High-level view of the grammatical approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-conceptual-class-diagram-for-vending-machine-3jqas8al.png Figure 2: The Conceptual Class Diagram for Vending Machine https://scispace.com/papers/gradually-including-potential-users-a-tool-to-counter-design-62ovy4imxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selecting-the-inclusive-design-test-tool-in-this-case-15byx52t.png Fig. 4. Selecting the inclusive design test tool, in this case, visibility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-setting-the-reading-distance-among-other-design-and-1v4x42mp.png Fig. 3. Setting the reading distance among other design and environmental parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-some-of-past-ergonomic-studies-relating-design-h4wcy99b.png Table 4 Some of past ergonomic studies relating design features with older adult capabilities. Th https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dexterity-severity-score-according-to-opcs-surveys-inlic0x5.png Table 3 Dexterity severity score according to OPCS Surveys of Disability in Great Britain (Martin et al., 1989). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-similar-products-on-the-right-examples-3k1iljnw.png Fig. 1. Comparison of similar products: on the right, examples of design attributes favouring the legibility of mobile phones and remote controls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-showing-the-inclusivity-result-of-the-visibility-1a5pdgkm.png Fig. 5. Showing the inclusivity result of the visibility testdan exclusion of 7.3% of the UK adult population. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-inclusive-design-tinpc80h.png Fig. 6. The Inclusive Design https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-design-attributes-and-other-aspects-necessary-to-3r13ivr6.png Fig. 10. The design attributes and other aspects necessary to audit design features. From top to bottom: a product audited - a healthy fryer, its handle, and switch. https://scispace.com/papers/granular-flow-through-an-aperture-pressure-and-flow-rate-are-48pinhii14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-images-of-the-disks-in-the-container-the-position-of-9p6hwp2p.png FIG. 3. Images of the disks in the container. The position of the aperture is marked with the gray bar on the right side. At t = 55 s, one observes a depletion of disks on the axis of the container (72% of the disks flowed out the container). At t = 120 s, Q almost vanishes (V = 1.1 cm/s, m = 0.98 g, A = 8.1 cm, and A/D ≈ 8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-n-and-force-f-versus-time-t-left-in-the-ybyvcwy0.png FIG. 2. Number N and force F versus time t . (Left) In the constant flow regime, N increases linearly with t and we measure Q = (7.65 ± 0.02) s−1 (dashed line). After about 50 s, the flow rate Q starts decreasing. At the same time, one observes a depletion of the disks on the axis of the container (Fig. 3). (Right) After a short transitory regime which is due to the preparation of the initial state and lasts less than 2 s, we observe that, in spite of large fluctuations, the force F continuously decreases throughout the discharge even when Q is constant (The gray line is only a guide for the eye;V = 1.1 cm/s, m = 0.98 g, A = 8.1 cm, and A/D ≈ 8). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-the-23lshpfy.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Sketch of the experimental setup. The granular material (disks) lies on a conveyor belt driven at constant velocity V . The disks, confined in a frame which is fixed in the frame of the laboratory, are pushed against a downstream wall. Once the confining wall is removed, the disks start flowing through the aperture. On one side, the mobile wall is equipped with a force sensor which makes it possible to assess the total force F exerted by the granular material on the downstream wall in the direction of the flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-force-f-versus-belt-displacement-v-t-for-given-13dovpln.png FIG. 4. Force F versus belt displacement V t . For given velocity V and mass m, we observe a significant decrease of F during the discharge even if the flow rate Q is constant. We observe that, for a given mass m (open and solid diamonds), F takes almost the same value for a given displacement V t even if the velocity V and, thus, the flow rate Q is doubled. In addition, when the disks are almost three times lighter, for the same velocity V (open symbols), the value of F , measured for the same displacement V t , is almost divided by three even if the flow rate Q remains unchanged. (The gray lines are only guides for the eye; A = 8.1 cm and A/D ≈ 8.) https://scispace.com/papers/graphical-modelling-for-simulation-and-formal-analysis-of-1t5qoyw3a3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cavi-visualising-network-performance-indicators-2951ysym.png Fig. 2. CaVi:Visualising network performance indicators https://scispace.com/papers/granular-segregation-driven-by-particle-interactions-3u1etfvp4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-histogram-of-the-interparticle-distance-d-b7u3wd8q.png FIG. 4 (color online). Histogram of the interparticle distance (Δ − d) when the two phosphor-bronze spheres are forming a cluster for various values of C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-average-interparticle-distance-d-d-versus-23y0du43.png FIG. 3 (color online). Average interparticle distance (Δ − d) versus time for various values of C. The error bars denote 95% confidence intervals. For each individual trajectory, t ¼ 0 indicates when the phosphor-bronze spheres first touched each other (hence, Δ − d ¼ 0). The red dashed line denotes Δ0 − d ¼ 8 mm, the initial separation of the particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-probability-that-two-phosphor-bronze-2jyktl5n.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Probability that two phosphor-bronze spheres placed at different initial separations Δ0 − d, as indicated in the legend, approach each other forming a cluster as a function of C. In (b) the same probability is presented as a function of Δ0 − d, evidencing that for Δ0 − d ¼ 15 mm the probability of forming a cluster becomes very low. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-time-series-of-snapshots-illustrating-pjuwaiir.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Time series of snapshots illustrating the interplay of two phosphor-bronze spheres for C ¼ 0.91. The red or blue spots represent each sphere. In the first picture, we indicate the distance between particles (Δ − d) where Δ is the distance between centers and d the phosphor-bronze sphere diameter. (b) Visualization of the trajectory of both spheres in the x direction. The shadowed region indicates the time lapse during which the particles are in a cluster conformation as defined in the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-c-complementary-cdfs-of-the-time-that-a-6y36e65g.png FIG. 5 (color online). (a)–(c) Complementary CDFs of the time that a cluster takes to split (ts) for various values of C. The solid lines show the fittings of the power law tails t−αs , which are valid for ts larger than a given value tsðminÞ that increases with C. In (a) phosphorbronze spheres within a sea of poppy seeds; α ¼ 2.5 with tsðminÞ ¼ 10.65; 11.74; 10.87; 17.06; 32.23; 41.59; 68.93 s for C ¼ 0.60; 0.65; 0.69; 0.75; 0.83; 0.91; 0.99, respectively. In (b) polypropylene spheres within a sea of poppy seeds; α ¼ 3.1 with tsðminÞ ¼ 19.13; 31.79; 40.19; 67.62 s for C ¼ 0.60; 0.69; 0.75; 0.83, respectively. In (c) phosphor-bronze spheres within a sea of glass beads; α ¼ 2.7 with tsðminÞ ¼ 11.1; 25.0; 37.5 s for C ¼ 0.75; 0.83; 0.88, respectively. In each panel, the inset shows the collapse of the results after dividing the splitting time by the average for each value of C. (d) Average splitting time versus C for the three cases shown in (a)–(c) as indicated in the legend. https://scispace.com/papers/graphbots-cooperative-motion-planning-in-discrete-spaces-5984kgr5ju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-team-of-robots-one-leaderl-and-three-team-membersm-in-3l2nifkc.png Fig. 1. Team of robots (one leaderL and three team membersm) in an air-conditioning system. Starting position in the lower right, goal position in the upper left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-five-legged-spider-cannot-move-freely-in-a-1zntquq1.png Fig. 6. A five-legged spider cannot move freely in a biconnected chordal graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-ugvs-operating-in-rugged-terrain-need-to-move-lom75hg9.png Fig. 2. Three UGV’s operating in rugged terrain need to move from the start positions (2,1,3) to the goal positions (7,9,8) while maintaining their formation and minimizing their exposure. On the right is the graph representation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-four-legged-spider-movement-x58cjh5q.png Fig. 8. Four-legged spider movement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-base-case-of-induction-for-proof-of-theorem-2-10-3spdcy0h.png Fig. 7. Base case of induction for proof of Theorem 2.10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-different-formations-that-will-be-considered-in-the-305fa1pw.png Fig. 3. Different formations that will be considered in the paper. From left to right: a tick, a scorpion, a trilobite, a five-legged spider, and a jellyfish. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-using-the-shortest-cycle-to-move-a-trilobite-1c4r52pu.png Fig. 10. Using the shortest cycle to move a trilobite. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-proof-of-skip-lemma-2xwelb30.png Fig. 9. Proof of Skip Lemma. https://scispace.com/papers/graphene-like-nano-sheets-36-litao-3-surface-acoustic-wave-585rjp1spn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-afm-image-highlights-the-thickness-of-the-graphene-30qlp7uj.png Figure 1: AFM image highlights the thickness of the graphene-like layers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xps-analysis-of-graphene-like-sheets-p52bhbon.png Figure 3: XPS analysis of graphene-like sheets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-image-of-graphene-like-nano-sheets-deposited-on-3s677wzc.png Figure 2: SEM image of graphene-like nano-sheets deposited on SAW transducers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-response-of-graphene-like-nano-sheets-saw-sensor-3m52bch8.png Figure 4: Response of graphene-like nano-sheets/SAW sensor towards H2 pulse sequence at room temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-shifts-for-graphene-like-nano-sheets-saw-27p082kp.png Figure 5: Frequency shifts for graphene-like nano-sheets/SAW sensors at room temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-response-and-recovery-time-vs-h2-gas-concentrations-17o9kuj5.png Figure 6: Response and recovery time vs H2 gas concentrations https://scispace.com/papers/grass-repellency-to-the-red-imported-fire-ant-2b6msy2d4a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-texas-counties-infested-with-solenopsis-invicta-1ae9gq3s.png Figure 1. Texas counties infested with Solenopsis invicta (light grey). Counties in which the current study was conducted are indicated in dark grey and span the entire range in which both the ant and WW-B.Dahl grass coincide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportions-of-ants-showing-various-reproductive-1mn2pgph.png Figure 3. Proportions of ants showing various reproductive strategies, as indicated by head capsule width. The difference between ants found in WW-B.Dahl and other grasses is statistically significant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-comparison-of-pastures-planted-with-ww-b-dahl-2mjc93ek.png Figure 2. A comparison of pastures planted with WW-B.Dahl grass with adjacent fields planted with other grasses. Bars represent mean numbers of mounds per 300-m2 transect, mean number of fire ants collected in bait cups, and mean vitality rating per mound. Error bars show 1 SD. https://scispace.com/papers/grasping-with-application-to-an-autonomous-checkout-robot-4alvvix54g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-3d-visualizations-of-the-best-detected-grasp-in-11pchtdo.png Fig. 8. 3D visualizations of the best detected grasp in several scenes. The colored axes represent the orientation of thegrasp (blue is along the gripper wrist and red is normal to the gripper pads (as shown in Figure 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-examples-of-detected-barcodes-bsntodib.png Fig. 9. Examples of detected barcodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-successrate-for-single-objectcheckout-experiments-10p0wnx3.png TABLE II SUCCESSRATE FOR SINGLE OBJECTCHECKOUT EXPERIMENTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-objects-used-for-checkout-experiments-3a6wnq6f.png Fig. 11. Objects used for checkout experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-of-our-method-with-previous-methods-for-20wg8tuu.png TABLE I PERFORMANCE OF OUR METHOD WITH PREVIOUS METHODS FOR THE TASK OF GRASPING NOVEL OBJECTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-example-of-cluttered-and-very-cluttered-scenes-1btmqqoz.png Fig. 12. Example of cluttered and very cluttered scenes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-objects-used-for-grasping-experiments-3nfftlgx.png Fig. 10. Objects used for grasping experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-image-of-the-pr2-parallel-plate-gripper-labeling-1haadncu.png Fig. 1. Image of the PR2 parallel-plate gripper, labeling relevant parameters. (In figure (b),u, v describe the gripper orientation.) https://scispace.com/papers/gravitationally-bound-geoengineering-dust-shade-at-the-inner-4lx7j9v0ih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-width-of-the-zero-velocity-curve-and-the-volume-2wchgli6.png Figure 5: The width of the zero velocity curve and the volume it encloses for a selection of asteroid masses placed at the conventional L1 and new displaced equilibrium positions assuming grains with a value for β of 0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impression-of-an-l1-positioned-dust-cloud-for-space-1wtsvaky.png Figure 1: Impression of an L1 positioned dust cloud for space-based geoengineering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-impulse-required-for-capture-to-the-l1-point-for-3b8ihg1d.png Figure 6: Impulse required for capture to the L1 point for the population of near Earth asteroids with masses above 1× 1013kg with a Pareto front showing the optimum bodies for capture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-four-body-problem-with-sun-ms-earth-me-asteroid-ma-1axnr1y5.png Figure 2: Four-body problem with Sun mS , Earth mE , asteroid mA and dust particle m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maximum-insolation-change-available-for-the-masses-2s6xbfxk.png Figure 7: Maximum insolation change available for the masses of the asteroids on the Pareto front situated at the displaced equilibrium position and the classical L1 point with labels for the three largest bodies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contour-plot-showing-the-variation-in-the-effective-1sfb0g87.png Figure 3: Contour plot showing the variation in the effective potential of the four-body problem for a body of mass 1 × 1015kg placed at the conventional L1 point for β = 0, with bold lines showing the contours with the Jacobi constant of the equilibrium points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contour-plot-showing-the-variation-in-the-effective-2lmbjano.png Figure 4: Contour plot showing the variation in the effective potential of the four-body problem for a body of mass 1 × 1015kg placed at the conventional L1 point for β = 0.001, with the bold line showing the contour with the Jacobi constant of the equilibrium point that encloses the asteroid. https://scispace.com/papers/gravitational-wave-in-f-r-gravity-possible-signature-of-sub-eyxbs3cbss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variation-of-radius-and-central-density-with-b0wn2nvx.png Figure 1. Variation of radius and central density with respect to the mass of the WD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-m-and-m-rc-relations-for-wds-for-the-f-r-r-ar2-1-129yfuyq.png Figure 10. –M and M–ρc relations for WDs for the f (R) = R + αR2(1 −γR) model. The values of α and γ in the units of cm2 are (α1, γ1) = (10 14, 1017) and (α2, γ2) = (3 × 10 14, 3 × 1017). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maximum-height-of-a-mountain-present-on-a-wd-as-a-1mvej73e.png Figure 3. Maximum height of a mountain present on a WD as a function of mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a5-for-f-r-gravity-induced-weakly-magnetized-wd-1n6y2kcm.png Figure 8. A5 for f (R)-gravity-induced weakly magnetized WD pulsars for different i over 5 s integration time along with various detectors’ PSD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-same-as-figure-6-except-that-the-wds-have-magnetic-9lrhcebs.png Figure 9. Same as Figure 6, except that the WDs have magnetic field instead of mountains. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a5-for-f-r-gravity-induced-wds-with-rough-surfaces-3oa7qyit.png Figure 4. A5 for f (R)-gravity-induced WDs with rough surfaces for different i over 5 s integration time along with various detectors’ PSD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-relations-of-various-quantities-with-6g0tsc79.png Table 1 Empirical Relations of Various Quantities with Respect to Mass of the WDs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a5-for-f-r-gravity-induced-wds-with-i-30deg-and-3r5pv8ej.png Figure 5. A5 for f (R)-gravity-induced WDs with i = 30° and different integration time along with various detectors’ PSD. https://scispace.com/papers/greedy-algorithms-for-dirac-mixture-approximation-of-1k2fxxrlfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dirac-mixture-approximations-of-the-gaussian-mixture-78nlfv06.png Fig. 5. Dirac mixture approximations of the Gaussian mixture from Figure 4 for L = 5 (first row), L = 10 (second row), and L = 15 (third row) components. The left column corresponds to the Dirac mixtures calculated by means of the batch solution in Subsection III-C 1). The right column corresponds to the sequential solution in Subsection III-C 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plot-of-the-square-root-of-the-integral-quadratic-38tt943x.png Fig. 6. Plot of the square root of the integral quadratic deviation between the true distribution F̃ (x, κ) and the Dirac mixture approximation F (x, η) for different numbers of components L. The Dirac mixture approximation provided by the batch solution is marked by an ’o’, the approximation provided by the sequential solution is marked by an ’x’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inserting-a-component-in-a-regular-interval-at-2g00nopo.png Fig. 1. Inserting a component in a regular interval at location xk with weight wk . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inserting-a-component-in-the-left-border-interval-at-2xwrc7wt.png Fig. 2. Inserting a component in the left border interval at location xk with weight wk . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-inserting-a-component-in-the-right-border-interval-at-3vgeggsh.png Fig. 3. Inserting a component in the right border interval at location xk with weight wk . https://scispace.com/papers/green-frag-energy-efficient-frame-fragmentation-scheme-for-3orfhm8vuf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-telosb-power-consumption-of-transmitting-with-3v8cjigc.png TABLE II: TelosB power consumption of transmitting with various powers and receiving https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-energy-per-useful-bit-of-green-frag-vs-hi-frag-in-1632r1w7.png Fig. 6: Energy per useful bit of Green-Frag vs. Hi-Frag in normal channel conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-average-time-spends-to-send-a-data-frame-or-an-ack-3tea2iw2.png TABLE III: Average time spends to send a data frame or an ACK frame in the compared schemes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-energy-per-useful-bit-in-normal-channel-conditions-33rv8o60.png Fig. 1: Energy per useful bit in normal channel conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-per-useful-bit-in-bad-channel-conditions-nu39aur3.png Fig. 2: Energy per useful bit in bad channel conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-energy-per-useful-bit-of-green-frag-vs-hi-frag-in-176zycxk.png Fig. 8: Energy per useful bit of Green-Frag vs. Hi-Frag in normal channel conditions, while the distance is 2.5m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-percentage-of-time-green-frag-is-spending-in-each-1362k5wn.png Fig. 10: Percentage of time Green-Frag is spending in each transmit power https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-energy-per-useful-bit-of-green-frag-vs-hi-frag-in-bad-2qdixq20.png Fig. 7: Energy per useful bit of Green-Frag vs. Hi-Frag in bad channel conditions https://scispace.com/papers/green-growth-technology-and-innovation-3qckhp2vka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-increasing-but-small-fraction-of-all-green-patents-zt3cdybg.png Figure 1: Increasing but Small Fraction of All Green Patents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-imports-of-green-goods-and-services-as-of-all-3pq3o7wp.png Figure 6: Imports of Green Goods and Services (as % of all imports) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-increasing-patenting-in-the-most-technological-26d7vcl5.png Figure 2: Increasing Patenting in the most Technological Sophisticated Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-export-of-green-goods-and-services-as-of-all-fqqyvmiu.png Figure 5: Export of Green Goods and Services (as % of all exports) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-motivation-of-firms-introducing-environmental-172oal6n.png Figure 9. Motivation of firms introducing environmental innovations, 2006-08 (Firms citing factors as motivations, percentage of innovative firms) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-number-of-researchers-1h7ua3e6.png Figure 11. Number of Researchers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-increasing-patenting-in-specific-technological-2u8vt35o.png Figure 3: Increasing Patenting in Specific Technological Fields, varying by Developing Regions High Income Countries EAP https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-innovation-policies-ksbeozu4.png Table 1: Innovation policies https://scispace.com/papers/green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-using-alagaw-premna-1vrunkxwsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentration-of-alagaw-leaf-extract-for-the-6iep5a18.png Table 1. Concentration of Alagaw leaf extract for the biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/papers/grey-scales-uncover-similar-attentional-effects-in-2kej0d3z7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-an-item-in-the-grey-scales-task-upper-and-349lijat.png Fig. 1. Example of an item in the grey scales task. Upper and lower bar are identical but mirror-reversed. https://scispace.com/papers/grid-pv-diesel-hybrid-system-management-application-to-med-51sspp6xut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hes-proposed-for-the-jordan-and-the-palestine-cases-f0zacfzz.png Fig. 1. HES proposed for the Jordan and the Palestine cases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hes-proposed-for-the-lebanon-case-1mrqlrbl.png Fig. 2. HES proposed for the Lebanon case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-peak-shaving-implementation-in-jordan-and-palestine-eonyoulh.png Fig. 4. Peak shaving implementation in Jordan and Palestine case https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fuel-saving-implementation-1zt1gswo.png Fig. 5. Fuel saving implementation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-power-balance-in-the-battery-inverter-output-node-2fin2705.png Fig. 6. Power balance in the battery inverter output node https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transitions-between-the-different-operations-modes-of-1qceurjg.png Fig. 3. Transitions between the different operations modes of the EMS https://scispace.com/papers/ground-vs-excited-state-interaction-in-ruthenium-thienyl-4jcdunszm8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-solid-state-raman-spectra-of-2a-upper-1a-middle-and-1b-5pw4lb4h.png Fig. 3. (Solid state) Raman spectra of 2a (upper), 1a (middle) and 1b (lower) at 785 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-calculated-raman-spectra-for-h2a-upper-trace-and-h2b-jx1zdeuq.png Fig. 10. Calculated Raman Spectra for H2a (upper trace) and H2b (lower trace). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-resonance-raman-spectra-of-i-2a-ii-2b-iii-h2a-iv-h2b-v-3jy652my.png Fig. 4. Resonance Raman Spectra of (i) 2a (ii) 2b (iii) H2a (iv) H2b (v) H22a at 457.9 nm excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-resonance-raman-spectra-of-i-1a-ii-2a-and-iii-h2a-488-2bpm7s39.png Fig. 5. resonance Raman spectra of (i) 1a (ii) 2a and (iii) H2a 488 nm excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pdos-diagrams-for-2a-top-and-h2a-bottom-phqs5fj8.png Fig. 9. PDOS diagrams for 2a (top) and H2a (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-complexes-and-ligands-2lp84xib.png Fig. 1. Structure of complexes and ligands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-resonance-raman-spectra-of-a-1ac-and-b-2ac-in-basic-1ptzyiz3.png Fig. 6. Resonance Raman spectra of (a) 1aC and (b) 2aC, in basic/H2O at 785 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-transient-raman-spectra-of-a-h2a-b-2a-54eb04ew.png Fig. 7. Transient Raman spectra of (a) H2a, (b) 2a, https://scispace.com/papers/growing-self-organizing-map-with-an-imposed-binary-search-3evr1cyhc1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-new-node-weight-initialization-for-case-3-when-the-vk0hpsbm.png Fig. 4. New node weight initialization for case 3, when the highest error neuron is a leaf node https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-readjustments-of-the-map-and-inter-cluster-phgjb4o1.png Fig. 7. Readjustments of the map and inter cluster relationship for the different inputs. (a) readjusted map for the input elephant (b) readjusted map for the input chicken (c) readjusted map for the input herring (d) readjusted map for the input lion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bstgsom-for-the-zoo-data-set-with-sf-0-8-1sugdqa3.png Fig. 5. BSTGSOM for the zoo data set with SF = 0.8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neighborhood-of-3-of-the-selected-black-node-g1ln8eia.png Fig. 1. Neighborhood of 3 of the selected (black) node. Neighborhood nodes with neighborhood of 1, neighborhood of 2 and neighborhood of 3 have highlighted with different gray level colors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-new-node-weight-initialization-when-highest-error-2m6o441i.png Fig. 3. New node weight initialization when highest error neuron has a left child https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-new-node-weight-initialization-when-there-is-no-left-1cp7wqhj.png Fig. 2. New node weight initialization when there is no left child for the highest error neuron https://scispace.com/papers/growth-and-gut-health-in-chickens-on-diets-varying-in-fatty-5bmouu6ykr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-prevalence-of-gross-abnormalities-observed-in-the-1soum8jf.png Table V. Prevalence of gross abnormalities observed in the small intestine during necropsy of chickens from each of twelve diet groups. 522 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mean-live-weights-g-at-day-13-20-and-at-slaughter-22ldtndx.png Table II. Mean live weights (g) at day 13, 20 and at slaughter, average weight gain (g) day 13- 20, and day 20-28, feed conversion ratio. 501 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-total-se-in-breast-muscle-mg-kg-n-6-n-3-and-n-6-la-2x9y5g3j.png Table III. Total Se in breast muscle (mg/kg), n-6/n-3 and n-6 LA/ n-3 ALA ratio in broiler breast meat. 510 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-composition-of-the-experimental-diets-493-2maq2lp3.png Table I. Composition of the experimental diets. 493 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-gizzard-scores-of-chickens-from-each-of-twelve-diet-2xokewp9.png Table IV. Gizzard scores of chickens from each of twelve diet groups. 520 https://scispace.com/papers/growth-and-human-capital-a-network-approach-4qinm274ce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-growth-and-inequality-for-any-given-network-a-red-129eev5b.png Figure 3.3: Growth and Inequality. For any given network, a red triangle marks the minimum γ and a blue circle marks the maximum γ, plotted against the corresponding Gini coeffi cient in the long run. Based on 1,000 simulations of all non-labeled connected networks with n = 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-speed-of-convergence-number-of-periods-to-1kapf3n4.png Figure 3.4: Speed of Convergence. Number of periods to convergence to a balanced growth path, plotted against network cohession for all non-labeled connected networks of n = 7 nodes. The blue circles mark the maximum number of periods and the red triangles mark the minimum number of periods from 1,000 simulations for each network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-inequality-during-transition-network-cohesion-k-1haog27p.png Figure 3.6: Inequality During Transition. Network cohesion κ against Gini coeffi cient, four periods after the sock occurs, when the shocked node has the highest degree in the network, for all non-labeled connected networks with n = 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-growth-in-transition-scatterplot-of-g2-against-1ugmifye.png Figure 3.5: Growth in Transition : Scatterplot of γ2 against degree centralization when the shocked node has the highest degree in the network, for all unlabeled connected networks with n = 7 nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-number-of-long-run-outcomes-3g1cur5b.png Table 3.1: Number of long run outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-prevalence-of-long-run-equality-each-point-in-the-2zzmfevr.png Figure 3.1: Prevalence of Long Run Equality. Each point in the figure shows how often in the simulations the economy convergences to long run equality, plotted against network cohesion. Based on 1,000 simulations for each network group of n = 4, 5, 6, 7 nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-model-vs-data-growth-correlations-and-iinequality-3q6cku23.png Table 4.1: Model vs Data: Growth Correlations and Iinequality. The number in parentheses are cohesions for the corresponding networks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-ranking-of-long-run-growth-rates-for-any-given-1jnevg48.png Figure 3.2: Ranking of Long Run Growth Rates. For any given network, a red triangle marks the minimum γ and a blue circle marks the maximum γ, plotted against network cohesion. Based on 1,000 simulations of all non-labeled connected networks with n = 7. https://scispace.com/papers/growth-and-ordering-of-ni-ii-diphenylporphyrin-monolayers-on-169ro8wdgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stm-images-taken-from-1-ml-of-the-nidpp-on-the-ag-3q0lfhvm.png Figure 1. STM images taken from 1 ML of the NiDPP on the Ag(111) surface: (a) It = 0.1 nA, Vsample = -1.4 V, 45 nm × 45 nm and (b) It = 1.0 nA, Vsample = 1.2 V, 13 nm × 13 nm. The unit cell of the NiDPP overlayer is shown in black. Schematic representation of the NiDPP overlayer on the Ag(111) surface (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stm-image-taken-from-1-ml-of-the-nidpp-on-the-ag-si-fsvdf6q6.png Figure 4. STM image taken from 1 ML of the NiDPP on the Ag/Si(111)-(√3 × √3)R30º surface: It = 0.8 nA, Vsample = 1.35 V, 50 nm × 50 nm (a). Three domains of dimer rows rotated by 120° to each other are present and are labelled A, B and C in the image. The inset shows the detailed structure of one domain. Schematic representation of the Ag/Si(111)-(√3 × √3)R30º surface (b). Schematic representation of the NiDPP overlayer on the Ag/Si(111)-(√3 × √3)R30º surface in the case of one domain (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-leed-pattern-from-1-ml-of-the-nidpp-on-the-ag-si-1u3kwitu.png Figure 5. LEED pattern from 1 ML of the NiDPP on the Ag/Si(111)-(√3 × √3)R30º surface acquired at a kinetic energy of 25 eV (a). Two-dimensional fast Fourier transform calculated from the STM image of one domain (A) shown in figure 4a (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-leed-pattern-from-1-ml-of-the-nidpp-on-the-ag-111-13bee6tx.png Figure 3. LEED pattern from 1 ML of the NiDPP on the Ag(111) surface, acquired at a kinetic energy of 15 eV (a). Two-dimensional fast Fourier transform calculated from the STM image shown in figure 1a (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stm-images-taken-from-1-ml-of-the-nidpp-on-the-ag-1rhkr8u3.png Figure 2. STM images taken from 1 ML of the NiDPP on the Ag(111) surface: (a) It = 0.1 nA, Vsample = -1.4 V, 27 nm × 27 nm, (b) It = 1.0 nA, Vsample = 1.25 V, 28 nm × 28 nm and (c) It = 1.0 nA, Vsample = 1.25 V, 50 nm × 12 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/growth-arrest-and-dna-damage-ind-ucible-proteins-gadd45-in-4p0i398zrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2qwnjewn.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ns0q5apb.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2ii1rzri.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-16e4cz78.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-24px9o9j.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/growth-and-ionic-relations-of-fodderbeet-and-seabeet-under-5bkqdvw7jd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-biomass-production-g-g-1-dry-weight-in-fodderbeet-ifk6zaeq.png Table 1: Biomass production (g g-1 dry weight) in fodderbeet and seabeet at different time intervals exposed to higher salinity level https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-root-weight-g-g-1-dry-weight-of-fodderbeet-and-3ff9m3ts.png Table 2: Root weight (g g-1 dry weight) of fodderbeet and seabeet at different time intervals exposed to higher salinity level https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-magnesium-content-mg-g-1-dry-weight-in-shoot-and-2tpgg8fn.png Table 7: Magnesium content (mg g-1 dry weight) in shoot and root of fodderbeet and seabeet at different time intervals exposed to higher salinity level https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-calcium-content-mg-g-1-dry-weight-in-shoot-and-root-2pd3ub44.png Table 6: Calcium content (mg g-1 dry weight) in shoot and root of fodderbeet and seabeet at different time intervals exposed to higher salinity level https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-potassium-content-mg-g-1-dry-weight-in-shoot-and-wkkaehc2.png Table 5: Potassium content (mg g-1 dry weight) in shoot and root of fodderbeet and seabeet at different time intervals exposed to higher salinity level https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chloride-content-mg-g-1-dry-weight-in-shoot-and-root-2zfhxay8.png Table 4: Chloride content (mg g-1 dry weight) in shoot and root of fodderbeet and seabeet at different time intervals exposed to higher salinity level https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sodium-content-mg-g-1-dry-weight-in-shoot-and-root-x5nz8ier.png Table 3: Sodium content (mg g-1 dry weight) in shoot and root of fodderbeet and seabeet at different time intervals exposed to higher salinity level https://scispace.com/papers/growth-differentiation-factor-15-as-a-candidate-biomarker-in-5gr7knv1hv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measures-of-diagnostic-accuracy-in-the-selected-okvq6mex.png Table 2: Measures of diagnostic accuracy in the selected studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-characteristics-of-all-the-articles-included-20cco9fj.png Table 1: Study characteristics of all the articles included in the diagnostic meta-analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-forest-plots-of-gdf-15-for-the-a-sensitivity-b-36z2fdih.png Figure 3: Forest plots of GDF-15 for the (a) sensitivity, (b) specificity, and (c) diagnostic odds ratio of the pooled data from the included studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-roc-plot-displaying-extrapolated-sroc-curve-the-3e4qs6bk.png Figure 4: ROC plot displaying extrapolated SROC curve, the summary estimate for sensitivity and specificity, and percentage study weights https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quality-assessment-of-the-studies-included-for-2cce3624.png Figure 2: Quality assessment of the studies included for diagnostic analysis using QUADAS-2 tool in RevMan 5.3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-publication-bias-by-beggs-funnel-plot-for-overall-1rgzw49w.png Figure 5: Publication bias by Begg’s funnel plot for overall pooled diagnostic effect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-depicting-the-study-selection-procedure-9rfa3pfp.png Figure 1: Flowchart depicting the study selection procedure https://scispace.com/papers/growth-hormone-deficiency-and-memory-functioning-in-adults-4fckao9k7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-characteristics-demographic-biochemical-and-2bwl1404.png Table 1. Subject characteristics (demographic, biochemical and psychometric data) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reaction-time-in-seconds-for-the-easy-averaged-3-5-26v3q4vj.png Fig. 2. Reaction time (in seconds) for the easy (averaged 3–5 letters) and difficult (averaged 6–8 letters) items of the DNMTS task in the low and high IGF-I group (* p ! 0.05: low versus high IGF-I group). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-a-baseline-run-upper-panel-of-the-dnmts-2ok5ldi2.png Fig. 1. Diagram of a baseline run (upper panel) of the DNMTS working memory task and an activation run (lower panel). The different screens were shown in succession. Baseline runs consisted of 3 series with different set sizes (i.e. 3, 5, 7 or 4, 6, 8 letters). Each activation run consisted of 3 series of letters of one set size to remember (3–8 letters) and all the runs were presented in random order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-main-effects-of-rcbf-for-easy-items-3-5-letters-versus-2ugx5ag0.png Fig. 3. Main effects of rCBF for easy items (3–5 letters) versus baseline across high and low IGF-I groups reported at p ! 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons using the FDR method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significant-rcbf-differences-during-performance-of-1eixaj94.png Table 3. Significant rCBF differences during performance of difficult items (6–8 letters to remember on the DNMTS task) versus baseline across IGF-I high and low groups (n = 23) https://scispace.com/papers/growth-in-a-new-world-case-studies-of-peer-leader-l7s2fy0j1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-the-case-study-data-analysis-process-19cjyu2e.png FIGURE 1 Summary of the case study data analysis process. https://scispace.com/papers/growth-toxin-production-active-oxygen-species-and-catalase-3a0ph9d7ui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-course-of-chl-a-normalized-to-initial-values-3d06443p.png Fig. 1. Time course of Chl a (normalized to initial values) during temperature exposure. Each point represents the mean ± standard deviation of the mean (N = 36 and 24 independent replicates for total experiment 1 and 2 respectively) Different letters correspond to significant differences between treatments for the same day. Treatments with the same letter are not significantly different from each other values (P N 0.05) (Tukey Test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-index-mc-lr-quota-relative-to-total-mcs-quota-as-a-2v5xqbax.png Fig. 8. Index MC-LR quota relative to total MCs quota as a function of exposure days. Each point represents the mean ± SD. Significant differences between treatments on the same day are denoted with a ** for P b 0.01 (Tukey Test). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-parametric-analysis-of-variance-repeated-1hdjeswz.png Table 1 Results of parametric analysis of variance repeated measures showing the significance of increased temperature on individual MC quotas in fg cell−1 of analysis 2 for 26 and 29 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-enzymatic-catalase-antioxidants-activity-normalized-to-1olway0l.png Fig. 5. Enzymatic catalase antioxidants activity normalized to T0 values. Each point represents the mean ± standard deviation of the mean (N = 36 and 24 independent replicates for total experiment 1 and 2 respectively). Different letters correspond to significant differences between treatments for the same day. Treatments with the same letter are not significantly different from each other values (P N 0.05) (Tukey Test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-five-selected-reaction-monitoring-srm-ion-traces-of-220gbz6t.png Fig. 6. Five Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) ion traces of Microcystis strain CAAT 2005–3: m/z 498/135 (MC-LR); m/z 512/135 ([Leu1,Asp3]MC-LR); m/z 519/135 ([Leu1]MC-LR);m/z 526/135 ([Leu1, Glu(OCH3)6]MC-LR); m/z 536/135 ([M(O)1]MC-LR). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-temperature-on-q-leu1-mc-lr-each-point-3a2i7rfd.png Fig. 7. Effect of temperature on Q[Leu1]MC-LR. Each point represents the mean± standard deviation of the mean (N = 24 independent replicates for all the experiment). Different letters correspond to significant differences between treatments for the same day. Treatments with the same letter are not significantly different from each other values (P N 0.05) (Tukey Test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-temperature-on-oxidative-stress-parameters-1c5ratq9.png Fig. 4. Effect of temperature on oxidative stress parameters inM. aeruginosa as a function of exposure time. DCFH-DA oxidation rate (expressed as arbitrary units in 1 h exposure) relative to T0 values. Each point represents the mean ± standard deviation of the mean (N = 36 and 24 independent replicates for total experiment 1 and 2 respectively). Different letters correspond to significant differences between treatments for the same day. Treatments with the same letter are not significantly different from each other values (P N 0.05) (Tukey Test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temporal-evolution-of-chl-a-cells-ratio-during-2vvv3wez.png Fig. 3. Temporal evolution of Chl a/cells ratio during temperature exposure. Each point represents the mean ± standard deviation of the mean (N = 36 and 24 independent replicates for total experiment 1 and 2 respectively). Different letters correspond to significant differences between treatments for the same day. Treatments with the same letter are not significantly different from each other values (P N 0.05) (Tukey Test). https://scispace.com/papers/guaranteed-manipulator-precision-via-interval-analysis-of-133gt5g2pc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-link-manipulator-simulation-parameters-10abd0r3.png TABLE 1: TWO-LINK MANIPULATOR SIMULATION PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bounds-on-th1-and-th2-of-the-two-link-manipulator-1ckwatpw.png FIGURE 3: BOUNDS ON θ1 AND θ2 OF THE TWO-LINK MANIPULATOR FOR ([x],[y]) = (1.4±0.01,1.2±0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-the-interval-overlapping-with-the-lower-bound-x-2bfj4n77.png FIGURE 4: (a) THE INTERVAL OVERLAPPING WITH THE LOWER BOUND X WITH MAXIMUM AREA OF A × B (b) AN ARBITRARILY POSITIONED GRID OF ADDRESSABLE INTERVALS FOR δθ1 = A/4 AND δθ2 = B/4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-upper-x-and-lower-x-bounds-found-using-sivia-and-x-19bwftte.png FIGURE 5: UPPER (X) AND LOWER (X) BOUNDS FOUND USING SIVIA AND (X) FOUND USING MONTE CARLO FOR (a) ε = π/1800 (b) ε = π/3600. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3d-model-of-a-3-dof-ppr-precision-motion-stage-2cp7dure.png FIGURE 6: 3D MODEL OF A 3-DOF PPR PRECISION MOTION STAGE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-bounding-of-error-terms-dvy-dvx-and-dq-b-end-1kljd3rr.png FIGURE 7: (a) BOUNDING OF ERROR TERMS [δvy], [δvx], and [δq] (b) END-EFFECTOR POSITION BY MONTE CARLO SAMPLING OF (13). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-linkmanipulatorwith-uncertain-link-lengths-and-3arw71xa.png FIGURE 1: TWO-LINKMANIPULATORWITH UNCERTAIN LINK LENGTHS AND JOINT ANGLES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sivia-algorithm-procedure-based-on-19-p-57-2d7gxtpp.png FIGURE 2: SIVIA ALGORITHM PROCEDURE (BASED ON [19, p. 57]). https://scispace.com/papers/gulypyrones-a-and-b-and-phomentrioloxins-b-and-c-produced-by-1l908ml995 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1h-and-13c-nmr-data-of-gulypyrones-a-and-b-1-and-2-a-2llnp5tx.png Table 1. 1H and 13C NMR Data of Gulypyrones A and B (1 and 2)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1h-nmr-data-of-s-and-r-mtpa-esters-of-gulypyrone-a-9-1dvdufqy.png Table 2. 1H NMR Data of (S)- and (R)-MTPA Esters of Gulypyrone A (9 and 10) in CDCl3 a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structures-of-9-o-s-and-9-o-r-mtpa-esters-of-3n88xi9p.png Figure 3. Structures of 9-O-S- and 9-O-R-MTPA esters of gulypyrone A (9 and 10), reporting the Δδ value obtained by comparison of each proton system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-gulypyrone-a-1-its-9-o-acetyl-9-o-s-3hcuv99i.png Figure 1. Structures of gulypyrone A (1); its 9-O-acetyl, 9-O-S-MTPA and 9-O-R-MTPA esters (8−10, respectively); gulypyrone B (2), phomentrioloxins B and C, and phomentrioloxin (3, 4, and 5, respectively); and 3-nitropropionic and 4-methylbenzoic acids (6 and 7, respectively) produced by D. gulyae grown in static culture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structures-of-succinic-acid-4-hydroxybenzoic-acid-4-j03c0ut1.png Figure 2. Structures of succinic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4- hydroxybenzaldehyde, and nectriapyrone (11−14) produced by D. gulyae grown in a bioreactor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nmr-data-of-phomentrioloxin-ba-b-and-ca-3-and-4-3syvqrwr.png Table 3. NMR Data of Phomentrioloxin Ba,b and Ca (3 and 4, Respectively) https://scispace.com/papers/gyrotactic-suppression-and-emergence-of-chaotic-trajectories-dirtko8f3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tgv-flow-for-values-of-v-1-when-g-1-1dnfc3gr.png TABLE I. TGV flow for values of V < 1, when G = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-time-for-cells-to-complete-one-circuit-of-a-plume-2p88yjpf.png FIG. 10. Time for cells to complete one circuit of a plume when G = 0.1 and α = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulations-of-cells-in-the-tgv-flow-with-v-0-1-and-g-3veyroh5.png FIG. 1. Simulations of cells in the TGV flow with V = 0.1 and G = 1: (a) α = 0, (b) α = 0.5, and (c) α = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-tgv-flow-for-values-of-v-1-when-g-1-w9z3e6n6.png TABLE II. TGV flow for values of V 1, when G = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulations-of-cells-in-the-abc-flow-with-v-9-and-g-1-17lc49d2.png FIG. 9. Simulations of cells in the ABC flow with V = 9 and G = 1: (a) α = 0, (b) α = 0.5, and (c) α = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulations-of-cells-in-the-tgv-flow-with-v-3-and-g-1-17hiihfy.png FIG. 2. Simulations of cells in the TGV flow with V = 3 and G = 1: (a) α = 0, (b) α = 0.5, and (c) α = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulations-of-cells-in-the-tgv-flow-with-v-9-and-g-1-2f2493am.png FIG. 4. Simulations of cells in the TGV flow with V = 9 and G = 1: (a) α = 0, (b) α = 0.5, and (c) α = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-graph-of-the-principal-lyapunov-exponent-when-v-4-2b2ce48i.png FIG. 8. Graph of the principal Lyapunov exponent when V = 4 corresponding to the flows illustrated in Table VI, showing the existence (λ > 0) and suppression (λ < 0) of Lagrangian chaos. https://scispace.com/papers/h-264-mpeg4-avc-fidelity-range-extensions-tools-profiles-5eks1fimd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-bit-rate-savings-over-the-whole-test-set-for-2sxk3lky.png TABLE 2: AVERAGE BIT-RATE SAVINGS OVER THE WHOLE TEST SET FOR H.264/MPEG4-AVC HP USING CABAC ENTROPY CODING IN COMPARISON WITH HP USING CAVLC, MP USING CABAC, AND MPEG-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-h-264-mpeg4-avc-frext-profiles-2fslmnsu.png Figure 2: Illustration of the H.264/MPEG4-AVC FRExt profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-operations-ops-required-for-the-2-d-4x4-29a968h2.png TABLE 1: NUMBER OF OPERATIONS (# OPS) REQUIRED FOR THE 2-D 4×4 AND 8×8 INVERSE TRANSFORM IN H.264/MPEG4-AVC FREXT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-samples-used-for-8x8-spatial-luma-prediction-34e172o6.png Figure 1: Left: Samples used for 8×8 spatial luma prediction. Right: Directions of spatial luma prediction modes 0, 1 and 3–8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-row-detail-of-lena-image-comparing-jpeg2000-23bllm28.png Figure 3: Top row: Detail of ‘Lena’ image comparing JPEG2000 (left) and H.264/MPEG4-AVC HP (middle) at a compression ratio of about 32:1 (0.25 bpp). The corresponding RD points are given as the lowest points on the curves in the RD plot (right) showing the RD behavior for both ‘Lena’ and ‘Barbara’. Bottom row: RD graphs for the ‘Raven’ and the ‘Book’ sequence comparing H.264/MPEG4-AVC HP, MP (both using CABAC and CAVLC), and MPEG-2 MP@ML. https://scispace.com/papers/habitat-requirements-and-management-recommendations-for-sage-3dzf94uyey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-strutting-grounds-are-usually-in-open-areas-or-areas-qzqc2k74.png Fig. 2. Strutting grounds are usually in open areas or areas of relatively low vegetation. This one is in southwestern Utah. https://scispace.com/papers/h-state-estimation-for-discrete-time-memristive-recurrent-4y3n2kayki 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-state-and-its-estimate-of-node-1-21b22lk8.png Figure 2. The state and its estimate of node 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-state-and-its-estimate-of-node-2-2gy1xaii.png Figure 3. The state and its estimate of node 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-output-estimation-error-z-k-2ei4jv0s.png Figure 1. Output estimation error z̃(k). https://scispace.com/papers/habitat-suitability-and-environmental-niche-comparison-of-1nronooo7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-habitat-suitability-prediction-for-scleractinia-in-3veyupmf.png Figure 2. Habitat suitability prediction for Scleractinia in the Brazilian continental margin. The legend indicates the habitat suitability index from 0 to 1 as the maximum suitable pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-auc-values-for-maxent-model-of-octocorallia-and-2t9rlq2l.png Table 3. Test AUC values for Maxent model of Octocorallia and Scleractinia taxa and for six scleractinian species in the Brazilian continental margin, based in a single variable. A value close to 0.5 indicates a model no better than a random prediction, values greater than this and closer to 1 indicate models with better predictive power. A value of 1 indicates a theoretically perfect model. Values in bold indicate the main variable of each categorical group and which were selected to run the final models with the exception of arag_orr which was used to Scleractinia and the sclera tinian species due their ecological importance (See section 2.2. Variables selection and co tribution). Category and variable name abbreviations are presented in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-habitat-suitability-prediction-for-madrepora-3lufk4lc.png Figure 6. Habitat suitability prediction for Madrepora oculata in the Brazilian continental margin. The legend indicates the habitat suitability index from 0 to 1 as the maximum suitable pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-habitat-suitability-prediction-for-octocorallia-in-23z06xuj.png Figure 1. Habitat suitability prediction for Octocorallia in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. The legend indicates the habitat suitability index from 0 to 1 as the maximum suitable pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-habitat-suitability-prediction-for-lophelia-pertusa-ncepsjuc.png Figure 5. Habitat suitability prediction for Lophelia pertusa in the Brazilian continental margin. The legend indicates the habitat suitability index from 0 to 1 as the maximum suitable pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-habitat-suitability-prediction-for-deltocyathus-spp-63btnrro.png Figure 4. Habitat suitability prediction for Deltocyathus spp. in the Brazilian continental margin. The legend indicates the habitat suitability ndex from 0 to 1 as the maximum suitable pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-test-auc-values-for-scleractinia-octocorallia-and-1y06rqmq.png Table 4. Test AUC values for Scleractinia, Octocorallia and six different scleractinian species models, based in a single variable model. Values corresponding to the three most significant variables for each taxon are in bold. Variable name abbreviations are presented in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-occurrence-records-of-azooxanthellate-18i53kt8.png Table 1. Number of occurrence records of azooxanthellate corals from the Brazilian continental margin and slope, including historical records from published sources (see references in supplementary Table 1) and new scleractini n records from Cavalcanti et al. (2017), and the filtered total number of records (with one record for analysis cell) that were used to model habitat suitability. https://scispace.com/papers/hadronic-aspects-of-exotic-baryons-50egj6qdcp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagrams-considered-in-the-kn-interaction-33f5qdbm.png Figure 1. Diagrams considered in the κN interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-amplitudes-for-k-k-for-i-1-1tgo70ts.png Figure 2. Amplitudes for ∆K → ∆K for I = 1 https://scispace.com/papers/hands-off-or-hands-on-governance-for-public-innovation-a-t7accm70j8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-dimensions-of-hands-off-and-hands-on-governance-161bfwko.png Table 1. Key dimensions of hands-off and hands-on governance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-characteristics-of-the-projects-in-the-case-18xw572p.png Table 2. Key characteristics of the projects in the case study. https://scispace.com/papers/hamiltonian-monte-carlo-for-hierarchical-models-362eaz7zyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-of-hierarchical-models-the-curvature-of-the-20g2h11w.png FIG. 2. Typical of hierarchical models, the curvature of the funnel distribution varies strongly with the parameters, taxing most algorithms and limiting their ultimate performance. Here the curvature is represented visually by the eigenvectors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-depending-on-the-common-variance-s2-from-which-the-1pqjoo5b.png FIG. 8. Depending on the common variance, σ2, from which the data were generated, the performance of a 10-dimensional one-way normal model (2) varies drastically between centered (CP) and non-centered (NCP) parameterizations of the latent parameters, θi. As the variance increases and the data become effectively more sparse, the non-centered parameterization yields the most efficient inference and the disparity in performance increases with the dimensionality of the model. The bands denote the quartiles over an ensemble of 50 runs, with each run using Stan [20] configured with a diagonal metric and the No-U-Turn sampler. Both the metric and the step size were adapted during warmup, and care was taken to ensure consistent estimates (Figure 9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-although-the-variation-in-the-potential-energy-v-is-1nb1nq7d.png FIG. 10. Although the variation in the potential energy, V , is still limited by the variation in the kinetic energy, T , the introduction of the log determinant term in Riemannian Hamiltonian Monte Carlo allows the kinetic energy sufficiently large variation that the potential is essentially unconstrained in practice. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-limited-to-moderate-potential-energy-variations-the-3940414u.png FIG. 7. Limited to moderate potential energy variations, the trajectories of Euclidean HMC, here with a unit metric Σ = I, reduce to random walk behavior in hierarchical models. The resulting Markov chain explores more efficiently than Gibbs and Random Walk Metropolis (Figure 3), but not efficiently enough to make these models particularly practical. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-as-noted-in-section-iiia-1-care-must-be-taken-when-3vl8q5g6.png FIG. 9. As noted in Section IIIA 1, care must be taken when using adaptive implementations of Euclidean Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with hierarchical models. For the results in Figure 8, the optimal average acceptance probability was relaxed until the estimates of τ stabilized, as measured by the potential scale reduction factor, and divergent transitions did not appear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-without-being-limited-to-small-variations-in-the-1o1magzp.png FIG. 11. Without being limited to small variations in the potential energy, Riemannian Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with the SoftAbs metric admits transitions that expire the entirety of the funnel distribution, resulting in nearly independent transitions, and drastically smaller autocorrelations (compare with Figure 7, noting the different number of iterations). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-in-order-to-ensure-valid-comparisons-each-sampling-227jjnb1.png FIG. 12. In order to ensure valid comparisons, each sampling algorithm was optimized but only so long as the resulting estimates were consistent with each other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-in-one-level-hierarchical-models-with-global-32j8kul7.png FIG. 4. In one-level hierarchical models with global parameters, φ, local parameters, θ, and measured data y, correlations between parameters can be mediated by different parameterizations of the model. Non-centered parameterizations exchange a direct dependence between φ and θ for a dependence between φ and y; the reparameterized ϑ and φ become independent conditioned on the data. When the data are weak these non-centered parameterizations yield simpler posterior geometries. https://scispace.com/papers/hand-occlusion-with-tablet-sized-direct-pen-input-2q15z3y17s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-occlusion-caused-by-the-hand-with-direct-pen-1v7mxs75.png Figure 1: (a) Occlusion caused by the hand with direct pen input; (b) an occlusion silhouette image taken from the point-of-view of a user and rectified; (c) a simplified circle and rectangle geometric model capturing the general shape of the occluded area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-participant-size-s-vs-max-occlusion-ratio-3g3m4dy6.png Figure 8. Participant size (S) vs. max occlusion ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pixels-most-likely-to-be-occluded-given-a-uniform-2tikfw8e.png Figure 10. Pixels most likely to be occluded given a uniform distribution of pen positions: (a) tap task; (b) circle task (darker pixels are occluded more often). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mean-occlusion-shapes-a-tap-task-b-circle-task-c-3j2c9pjp.png Figure 9. Mean occlusion shapes: (a) tap task; (b) circle task; (c) detail of tapping mean shape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-grip-styles-a-loose-fist-low-angle-medium-grip-2p37jkjs.png Figure 11. Grip styles: (a) loose fist, low angle, medium grip height; (b) tight fist, high angle, high grip height; (c) loose fist, straight angle, low grip height. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-three-occlusion-shape-models-a-bezier-spline-b-qlk4u4u6.png Figure 12. Three occlusion shape models: (a) Bézier spline; (b) circle and rectangle; (b) bounding rectangle. p is the position of the pen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-7-x-11-grid-for-placement-b-square-c-circle-2k7ji0it.png Figure 4. (a) 7 x 11 grid for placement; (b) square; (c) circle target (targets are printed actual size). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experiment-apparatus-a-head-mounted-camera-to-2v35wfeh.png Figure 3. Experiment apparatus: (a) head mounted camera to capture point-of-view; (b) fiducial markers attached to tablet bezel (image is taken from head mounted camera video frame). https://scispace.com/papers/hanford-100-n-area-in-situ-apatite-and-phosphate-emplacement-2n3qkfczgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-location-of-jet-injections-and-boreholes-2eds9zwe.png Figure 2.3. Location of Jet Injections and Boreholes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-river-sediment-analysis-39iby1u1.png Table 4.3. River Sediment Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-a-mineral-phase-identification-of-a-location-with-2xa21af4.png Figure 3.3. a) Mineral Phase Identification of a Location with High Phosphorous Concentration; b) Electron Backscatter of the Location is Indicative of a Surface Precipitate, with https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-average-phosphate-concentration-in-groundwater-hmaz2ojp.png Table 4.1. Average Phosphate Concentration in Groundwater Injected Boreholes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-n-217-vertical-profiles-of-a-sr-90-b-po4-c-ion-1qurpn8p.png Figure 5.4. N-217 Vertical Profiles of a) Sr-90, b) PO4, c) Ion Exchangeable Strontium, d) Ion Exchangeable Calcium, e) Calculated Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (from grain-size distributions), and f) Fraction Grain Size less than 4 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-n-219-vertical-profiles-of-a-sr-90-b-po4-c-ion-eri4t5n1.png Figure 5.3. N-219 Vertical Profiles of a) Sr-90, b) PO4, c) Ion Exchangeable Strontium, d) Ion Exchangeable Calcium, e) Calculated Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (from grain-size distributions), and f) Fraction Grain Size less than 4 mm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-organic-carbon-a-and-inorganic-carbon-b-depth-pn0fb4q3.png Figure 5.7. Organic Carbon (a) and Inorganic Carbon (b) Depth Profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-carbon-analysis-of-river-samples-3k6eam0q.png Table 5.2. Carbon Analysis of River Samples https://scispace.com/papers/happy-thoughts-enhancing-well-being-in-the-classroom-with-a-55tfzflin6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-8fnuyw55.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1hwzxxjv.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1cnqxsqv.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fq8u3d82.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/papers/hard-to-disrupt-categorization-and-enumeration-by-gender-and-loc28fwt4e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-regression-coefficients-and-95-confidence-intervals-s9lxoaa6.png Figure 7. Regression coefficients (and 95% confidence intervals, unstandardized) for target number, total faces, hair removal, and target number × hair removal interactions in Study 4- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regression-coefficients-on-the-x-axis-3arzod39.png Figure 2. Regression coefficients (on the x-axis, unstandardized regression coefficient betas and 95% confidence intervals; a beta of x meant that for each unit increase in target number the participant increased her estimate by x unit) for target number and total faces in Study 1 (Gender) and Study 2 (Race). The other predicators, question and the target number by question interaction, were also included in the model but for clarity are omitted here (see supplemental materials for the figure with all predictors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-absolute-accuracy-indicated-by-the-xu3g6mmo.png Table 1. Comparison of absolute accuracy (indicated by the error scores) and explained variance across studies. As we manipulated the faces and the task became harder, error scores increased and overall explained variance decreased, with less variance explained by target number and more variance explained by total faces. In all cases, target number explained more variance (and total faces explained less variance) in race estimation compared to gender estimation (in fact, before grey-scaling the faces/luminance-control, race estimation was comparable to dot estimation), again suggesting that participants were better at race estimation than gender estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regression-plot-for-white-black-and-total-faces-in-3gz26q3d.png Figure 4. Regression plot for White, Black, and total faces in Study 2 (Race). Points represent individual estimates (jittered); lines reflect linear regression predicting estimate from target number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-regression-coefficients-and-95-confidence-intervals-21bn56hk.png Figure 6. Regression coefficients (and 95% confidence intervals, unstandardized) for target number, total faces, inversion, and target number × inversion interactions in Study 3-Gender and Study 3-Race (upright faces as reference). Results showed that inversion did not harm performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-regression-coefficients-and-95-confidence-intervals-2i8uv6mt.png Figure 8. Regression coefficients (and 95% confidence intervals, unstandardized) for target number, total faces, grey-scaling/luminance-control, and target number × greyscaling/luminance-control interactions in Study 5-Gender and Study 5-Race (combining with Study 4 data where faces were hair-removed but not luminance-controlled; non-luminancecontrolled stimuli as reference). Results showed that equalizing luminance harmed both gender and race estimation (by decreasing target sensitivity). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regression-coefficients-on-the-x-axis-1s4w7lo3.png Figure 5. Regression coefficients (on the x-axis, unstandardized regression coefficient betas and 95% confidence intervals; a beta of x meant that for each unit increase in target number the participant increased her estimate by x unit) for target number and total faces in Replication Study 1 (Gender) and Replication Study 2 (Race). The other predicators, question and the target https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-regression-plot-for-male-female-and-total-faces-in-19u3dt15.png Figure 3. Regression plot for male, female, and total faces in Study 1 (Gender). Points represent individual estimates (jittered); lines reflect linear regression predicting estimate from target number. https://scispace.com/papers/hard-and-soft-public-support-for-turkish-membership-in-the-49jq38vsxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hard-and-soft-factors-influencing-support-for-39t584t5.png Figure 1 Hard and soft factors influencing support for Turkish EU members. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-direct-indirect-and-total-effects-for-turkish-3nhh5n5m.png Table 2 Direct, indirect and total effects for Turkish membership in the EU https://scispace.com/papers/hardware-architecture-specification-and-constraint-based-tqwyz0h38x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-out-of-order-superscalar-processor-model-2822skj8.png Figure 2: An out-of-order Superscalar Processor Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-allen-intervals-2n18zywv.png Figure 4: Allen intervals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composition-of-an-instruction-path-2ppyaw22.png Figure 3: Composition of an instruction path. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-wcets-of-bench-bsort100-3d56hx3g.png Table I: WCETs of bench Bsort100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graph-of-the-instruction-path-constraints-3barxflo.png Figure 5: Graph of the instruction path constraints https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-work-flow-for-adl-based-wcet-estimation-3nxy4uru.png Figure 1: Work flow for ADL-based WCET estimation. https://scispace.com/papers/hardware-injection-of-simulated-continuous-gravitational-xb6uxx0cu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-left-hand-graph-shows-the-signal-amplitude-of-a-ajmyx3y3.png Figure 1. The left-hand graph shows the signal amplitude of a neutron star for the parameters given in section 3 before and after mapping the phase jumps. The right-hand graph shows how the signed signal amplitude a(t) of the left-hand graph is mapped onto an 8-bit D/A converter for minutes 120 to 200 for 2 January 2003. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-electronic-signal-production-for-1xe1od4i.png Figure 2. Schematic of the electronic signal production for the hardware injection of continuous gravitational waves. A microcontroller with two D/A converters is used to produce the amplitude a(t) and the oscillatory part of the signal via the phase ϕ(t) of the signal. Before injection into the interferometer they are combined by analog electronic multiplication. The control computer maps the amplitude a(t) onto one of the D/A converters and controls the phase evolution of the signal by a phase-locked loop (PLL). https://scispace.com/papers/hardware-synchronization-for-embedded-multi-core-processors-n7y6iz0p1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-configuration-of-dual-core-test-system-3m4ckerr.png Fig. 4. Configuration of dual-core test system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-memory-access-controller-mactrl-abstraction-3c4ugmo4.png Fig. 3. Memory-access controller (MACtrl), abstraction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-an-efficient-race-for-access-q8pyw2zq.png Fig. 1. Scheme of an efficient race for access https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parallel-access-to-different-memory-regions-by-address-17xe8c5s.png Fig. 2. Parallel access to different memory-regions by address-sensitivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-block-accesses-to-different-regions-of-memory-2q0okt0h.png TABLE II BLOCK ACCESSES TO DIFFERENT REGIONS OF MEMORY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-of-single-accesses-to-shared-memory-over-w3rymgmj.png Fig. 5. Performance of single accesses to shared memory over all methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-paired-accesses-exact-values-with-lock-details-3bcpxjj1.png TABLE I PAIRED ACCESSES, EXACT VALUES WITH LOCK-DETAILS https://scispace.com/papers/harvesting-translingual-vocabulary-mappings-for-multilingual-222rxkl4pc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-university-of-california-catalogs-non-english-3azr47ci.png Table 2: University of California Catalog’s Non-English LanguageDistrib ution https://scispace.com/papers/has-the-financial-crisis-changed-the-business-cycle-lsz7qj0s42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-spanish-spectrum-137viqvf.png Figure 2. The Spanish Spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spanish-regression-results-vdt5n13o.png Table 3. Spanish regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regession-results-for-portugal-5j5g4z4o.png Table 7. Regession results for Portugal https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-regression-results-for-greece-1m7pfgrz.png Table 9. Regression results for Greece https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-irish-spectrum-1m2t7na8.png Figure 3. The Irish Spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-portuguese-spectrum-1cpwhdow.png Figure 4. The Portuguese Spectrum https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-coherence-between-ireland-and-the-eurozone-3s6vcwoy.png Figure 8. The coherence between Ireland and the Eurozone https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-results-between-italy-and-emu-1wxw8tr7.png Table 2. Regression results between Italy and EMU https://scispace.com/papers/has-u-s-inflation-really-become-harder-to-forecast-2vl1gtqt4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pseudo-out-of-sample-forecasting-results-for-gdp-1g5qu2q5.png Table 1: Pseudo out-of-sample forecasting results for GDP inflation with the AR(AIC) model as the benchmark. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-changes-in-the-relative-msfe-in-relation-2mg7sn0v.png Table 3: Percentage changes in the relative MSFE in relation to the AR(AIC) model (left panel) and the AR(0,4) model (right panel) between the 1970—1983 and 1984—2004 periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pseudo-out-of-sample-forecasting-results-for-gdp-1te272lc.png Table 2: Pseudo out-of-sample forecasting results for GDP inflation with the AR(0,4) model as the benchmark. https://scispace.com/papers/health-and-social-care-staff-responses-to-working-with-317g89a2tj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-social-care-and-health-staff-feelings-towards-the-3p7gdq0i.png Table 3: Social care and health staff feelings towards the client’s behaviour and the client https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-areas-of-support-identified-by-staff-1nue3bsg.png Table 4: Areas of support identified by staff https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-areas-of-training-need-identified-by-staff-1mkjr8wv.png Table 5: Areas of training need identified by staff https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-type-of-behaviours-exhibited-by-clients-supported-by-egb9a6r1.png Table 1: Type of behaviours exhibited by clients supported by social care and health staff. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-areas-of-difficulty-in-supporting-this-client-group-b88yqawy.png Table 2: Areas of difficulty in supporting this client group identified by social care and health staff https://scispace.com/papers/hdo-and-h2o-vertical-distributions-and-isotopic-ratio-in-the-1z43hcbifl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-venus-express-orbits-during-which-simultaneous-3heac5uq.png Table 1. Venus Express Orbits During Which Simultaneous Observations of H2O, HDO, and CO2 Have Been Performed With Low Distances to the Limb, Near the Pericenter of an Orbita https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sensitivity-of-the-retrieved-parameters-to-the-1nuvx6jz.png Figure 8. Sensitivity of the retrieved parameters to the temperature profile. The results are presented for retrieval of CO2 (order 149, top) and H2O (order 171, bottom). They were obtained during orbit 462 (27 July 2007 at latitude 87.7 N, longitude 255 E, and 23.6 h LT, distance to the limb at altitude 80 km is around 1830 km). Left shows the temperature profiles used for the retrievals; middle shows the retrieved densities; right shows the residual error in % calculated as (N1(z)-N2(z))/N1(z), where N1(z) and N2(z) are the densities obtained for two different temperature profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-volume-mixing-ratios-vmr-of-h2o-f7qmrqh7.png Figure 9. Comparison of the volume mixing ratios (vmr) of H2O using VIRA densities and CO2 densities derived from measurements recorded on the same orbit. The example shows the results obtained for orbit 442 (7 July 2007, at latitude 79 N, longitude 284 E, and 20.7 h LT, distance to the limb at altitude 80 km is around 1780 km). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-averaged-values-of-the-h2o-and-hdo-2ziwgath.png Table 2. Comparison of Averaged Values of the H2O and HDO Mixing Ratios With Previous Observations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-synthetic-models-of-hdo-and-co2-in-the-order-121-4qtwy6l5.png Figure 3. Synthetic models of HDO and CO2 in the order 121 (2703–2727 cm 1). Frequency preset on the acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF) is 15822.62 kHz. Solar occultation geometry is considered with the tangential altitude of 90 km. The VIRA atmospheric model was used. Volume mixing ration of HDO was assumed to be equal to 100 ppb. Monochromatic spectra have been converted to SOIR resolution. The thick solid line corresponds to HDO, and the thin solid line corresponds to CO2. H2O lines are also taken into account (dashed thin line) but are weak in this range. Top shows a ‘‘clear’’ spectrum of gaseous absorption in the range of 2703–2727 cm 1 without any order mixing. Middle shows a synthetic spectrum taking into account the mixing of 7 orders (from 3 to +3) for bin 1 (spectra obtained in the bottom part of the slit). Bottom shows a synthetic spectrum taking into account the mixing of 7 orders (from 3 to +3) for bin 2 (spectra obtained in the top part of the slit). The different calibration of frequency-wavelength functions for different bins (or rows on the matrix) introduces differences in the spectra which correspond to different rows of the detector. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-retrieved-densities-of-hdo-h2o-and-co2-3lrowxko.png Figure 7. Example of retrieved densities of HDO, H2O, and CO2 in molecules cm 3 for orbit 255 corresponding to the northern latitude 79.2 , longitude 261 E, and 19 h LT and distance to the limb 1730 km at altitude 80 km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-temporal-and-latitudinal-evolution-of-the-hdo-h2o-ptd5z386.png Figure 14. Temporal and latitudinal evolution of the HDO/H2O ratio scaled to Earth’s value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-vertical-distributions-of-the-hdo-h2o-ratio-for-1hnt7le2.png Figure 13. Vertical distributions of the HDO/H2O ratio for several orbits. https://scispace.com/papers/health-care-experiences-and-perceptions-among-people-with-42vd2fy01b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participant-gender-age-range-and-focus-group-type-12atc56d.png Table 2 Participant gender, age range, and focus group type (virtual or physical world) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-participants-according-to-focus-3amakpka.png Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to focus group location. https://scispace.com/papers/health-status-of-critically-ill-trauma-patients-4v4yvrah0r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-between-responders-and-non-responders-at-2k75p0yd.png Table 2. Comparison between Responders and Non responders at 1 month and 6 months https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-norm-based-sf-36-scores-at-1-month-and-6-months-2x5e65dq.png Table 6. Mean norm-based SF-36 scores at 1 month and 6 months a, b https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-psychosocial-recovery-1-and-6-months-post-hospital-ndjxkfxv.png Table 5. Psychosocial recovery 1 and 6 months post hospital discharge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-potential-factors-influencing-outcomes-in-21g3zc84.png Figure 1: Potential Factors Influencing Outcomes in Critically Injured Patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-baseline-1-month-and-6-2myos6o3.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics: Baseline, 1 month and 6 months https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-health-care-provider-and-service-utilisation-post-3r6ck1yo.png Table 4. Health Care Provider and Service Utilisation post hospital discharge https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-norm-based-sf-36-scores-by-time-point-and-3p4c8p25.png Figure 3. Mean norm-based SF-36 scores by time point and compared with Australian norms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-injury-and-acute-care-characteristics-3f87qjar.png Table 3. Injury and Acute Care Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/healthy-and-active-ageing-social-capital-in-health-promotion-4g8p7rq852 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-the-themes-that-emerged-from-the-current-swvqc4y9.png Table 2. List of the themes that emerged from the current analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-of-inclusion-of-studies-in-the-literature-1biijuuz.png Figure 1. Process of inclusion of studies in the literature review/research synthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-studies-selected-specific-information-186mhksz.png Table 1. List of the studies selected; specific information https://scispace.com/papers/heat-transfer-method-a-thermal-analysis-technique-for-the-1tv5vt9w4n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bacterial-compositions-of-municipal-waste-digestate-et54lffv.png Figure 5. Bacterial compositions of municipal waste digestate (sample 2) and brewery digestate (sample 3) as determined by DNA sequencing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-relative-change-in-thermal-resistance-per-hour-1y0jg5s7.png Figure 4. The relative change in thermal resistance per hour when S. aureus was grown in nutrient broth at temperatures of 35 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C, 55 °C. The growth at each temperature was monitored for 2h and the gradient was determined over an average of >600 data points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thermal-elimination-of-a-suspension-of-s-aureus-in-vvt60hwu.png Figure 3. Thermal elimination of a suspension of S. aureus in water at 90.0 °C. The measurement was started with ~102 CFU/mL of S. aureus cells that where grown at 37.00 °C for 8 h. Hereafter, the temperature of T1 was increased (in 10 min) to and kept at 90.0 °C for 10 min before returning back to 37.00 °C in 20 min. The red line corresponds to a gentle median filter (50 points) applied to the raw thermal resistance data (black line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reagents-used-for-pcr-39dm4im6.png Table 2. Reagents used for PCR https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-conventional-methods-for-the-25qzur51.png Table 1. Comparison between conventional methods for the determination of bacterial load [17,18]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermal-resistance-over-time-of-a-1000x-diluted-12ieog33.png Figure 6. Thermal resistance over time of a 1000x diluted wastewater sample that was mixed in a 1:1 ratio with a suspension of S. aureus (1000 CFU/mL) in water. A gentle median filter (50 points, corresponding to 1 measurement point per minute) was applied to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-normalized-thermal-resistance-when-gold-coated-23d0rjte.png Figure 2. The normalized thermal resistance when gold-coated (black line) and glass (red line) electrodes were exposed to different concentrations of S. aureus in water (T1 = 37.00 °C). The curve was fitted with a standard dose-response fit (R2= 0.98). Standard deviations were determined by taking the average of at least 600 points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-cell-developed-to-accommodate-samples-1bkz40d0.png Figure 1.Flow cell developed to accommodate samples containing microorganisms. https://scispace.com/papers/heat-generation-on-implant-surface-during-abutment-4a8e48y5zf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-experimental-setup-for-5vq2mlem.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of experimental setup for temperature measurements after abutment preparation. A: implant abutment; C: acrylic block; I: implant embedded in the Teflon casing; TC: thermocouple attached to the cervical part of the implant; S: Teflon casing sealed with silicon material; R: rubber dam isolating the water; W: water bath. https://scispace.com/papers/heavy-ion-induced-adhesion-of-thin-gold-films-to-oxidized-5aorjq61my 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-threshold-dose-at-normal-incidence-for-different-3knv67lp.png Fig. 4. The threshold dose (at normal incidence) for different bombarding ions, as a func- https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-threshold-doses-for-the-scotch-tape-test-500-600-a-2d57poc9.png Table I. Threshold doses for the Scotch-tape test. 500-600 A of gold on a tantalum substrate (with -40 A of native oxide), irradiated by beams at 2.85 MeY/a.m.u. https://scispace.com/papers/heavy-quarkonium-suppression-in-a-fireball-4t253lqznq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-time-evolution-of-raa-for-bottomonium-with-k-t3-in-the-2f10i918.png FIG. 6. Time evolution of RAA for bottomonium with κ=T3 in the range (76), γ ¼ 0 and δ ¼ 1, for 30%–50% centrality (left plot) and for 50%–100% centrality (right plot). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-raa-as-obtained-from-table-ii-dots-compared-with-the-2fpyspoe.png FIG. 7. RAA as obtained from Table II (dots) compared with the CMS data of [41] (triangles). Upper (red) entries refer to the ϒð1SÞ, and lower (green) entries to the ϒð2SÞ. The vertical dashed lines highlight the window in which we expect the approximation 1=a0 ≫ T ∼mD ≫ E to be valid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagrams-contributing-at-order-r2-to-rs-a-single-line-29stzy10.png FIG. 2. Diagrams contributing at order r2 to ρs. A single line stands for a singlet propagator, a double line for an octet propagator, and a curly line for gluons. The vertices (circle with a cross) are the chromoelectric dipole vertices of the pNRQCD Lagrangian (22). The numbers 1 or 2 near the vertices mean insertions of fields from the upper or lower branches of the closed-time path, respectively. In the second diagram we also write explicitly the time variables of the propagators according to Eq. (28). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-raa-forud1sth-andud2sth-due-to-screening-only-in-the-19xoyhq1.png FIG. 12. RAA forϒð1SÞ andϒð2SÞ due to screening only, in the regime 1=a0 ≫ T ≫ mD ≫ E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-evolution-in-time-of-the-color-singlet-density-for-2mrglnqq.png FIG. 10. Evolution in time of the color-singlet density for static quarks in a strongly coupled plasma. The blue continuous line shows the evolution when the initial state is made only of singlets, whereas the green dashed line shows the evolution when the initial state is made only of octets. Asymptotically both curves approach 1=N2c ¼ 1=9 ≈ 0.11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-evolution-of-raa-for-bottomonium-in-the-regime-1-mgvaja3j.png FIG. 5. Time evolution of RAA for bottomonium in the regime 1=a0 ≫ T ≫ E ≫ mD with δ ¼ 0.1 (left plot) and δ ¼ 10 (right plot), and μE ¼ πT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-coupled-schwinger-dyson-equations-for-the-singlet-and-26t2y6kc.png FIG. 3. Coupled Schwinger-Dyson equations for the singlet and octet 12 propagators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-evolution-of-the-temperature-according-to-18-for-36nfzp0x.png FIG. 1. Time evolution of the temperature according to (18) for the most central (left) and the most peripheral (right) collisions of Table I. https://scispace.com/papers/hedge-ratios-in-south-african-stock-index-futures-y2iwz5776z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-parameters-of-the-diag-bekk-arch-model-the-1xihlodd.png Table 6. Estimated parameters of the Diag-BEKK ARCH model. The coefficient to standard error ratios are reported in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-hedge-ratios-estimated-from-the-six-models-30mgma7k.png Table 7. Hedge ratios estimated from the six models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-parameters-of-the-ccc-arch-model-the-3agaxglx.png Table 5. Estimated parameters of the CCC-ARCH model. The coefficient to standard error ratios are reported in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-logarithmic-stock-index-figure-2-logarithmic-stock-2nelb3c5.png Figure 1: Logarithmic Stock Index Figure 2: Logarithmic Stock Index Futures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stock-index-futures-returns-3jh7o6af.png Figure 4: Stock Index Futures Returns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stock-index-returns-22sgekss.png Figure 3: Stock Index Returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-parameters-of-the-regression-model-in-3cvoxivf.png Table 1. Estimated parameters of the regression model in equation (1). The coefficient to standard error ratios are reported in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-parameters-of-the-ccc-arch-model-the-1aixuhou.png Table 4. Estimated parameters of the CCC-ARCH model. The coefficient to standard error ratios are reported in brackets. https://scispace.com/papers/hedonic-adaptation-to-positive-and-negative-experiences-3rs9sk2s1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-2-hedonic-adaptation-to-positive-and-negative-evems-1dlzexb3.png Fig. 11.2 Hedonic Adaptation to Positive and Negative Evems (HAPNE) Modd: The negative domain. https://scispace.com/papers/helical-bunching-and-symmetry-lowering-inducing-3dhn63lvke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zero-energy-cut-integrated-from-0-1-to-0-1-mev-from-12mq1vmz.png FIG. 2. Zero-energy cut (integrated from −0.1 to 0.1 meV) from IN5 measurements at 1.5 K, on the Nb (a) and Ta (b) compounds. The blue arrows on the energy maps indicated the [0 ± 1 ]* directions of the 1D −Q cuts shown below in vertical log scale. (c),(d) summarize the measurements performed on the Nb compound at 2 K on IN22 with polarized neutrons. (c) shows the magnetic (red), nuclear (green), and chiral (blue) elastic contributions from scans obtained by rotating the crystal (ω scans) with the H-H configuration. The solid lines are Gaussian fits. The magnetic and chiral contributions measured in the H-H (circles) and G-H (triangles) configurations for the main (0, 1, ± τ ) and extra (0, 1, ± 3τ ) satellites, vs the calculated contributions using the model given in the caption of Fig. 3, are displayed in (d). Note that the G-H configuration cannot separate the magnetic from nuclear scattering, but we checked that σM + σN ≈ σM for these satellites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-ba3nbfe3si2o14-crystallographic-structure-in-the-ab-sv475j7j.png FIG. 1. (a) Ba3NbFe3Si2O14 crystallographic structure in the ab plane and along the c axis, with five magnetic exchange paths J1 to J5. (b) Schematic representation of the revisited magnetic structure projected along the c axis. The threefold axis is broken leading to different J1 interactions (case of an isosceles triangle represented). The bunching of the helices in the Nb compound is reported through the successive angles between consecutive magnetic moments along c, deviating from the regular angle 2πτ = 51.4◦. https://scispace.com/papers/helicobacter-pylori-antigenic-lpp20-is-a-structural-1169nm7df5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-superposition-of-ca-chain-trace-of-lpp20-cyan-to-tipa-fe9viv6m.png Fig. 3. Superposition of Cα chain trace of Lpp20 (cyan) to Tipα (orange; PDB ID code 2WCQ). α1 and α4 indicate the two α-helices present in Lpp20 and Tipα respectively, and absent in the other protein. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-filopodia-formation-in-ags-cells-exposed-to-lpp20-and-fknitsvw.png Fig. 5. Filopodia formation in AGS cells exposed to Lpp20 and Lpp20C22A. AGS cells were treated with Lpp20, Lpp20C22A or left untreated and then stained with TRITC-conjugated phalloidin. Representative images from three experiments performed with different cell preparation are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-lpp20-on-e-cadherin-expression-western-blot-35zcblsj.png Fig. 7. Effect of Lpp20 on E-cadherin expression. Western blot analysis of E-cadherin using whole cell lysates of MKN-28 cells treated for 2, 6, 24 and 48 h with Lpp20 or Lpp20C22A 60 μg/ml or left untreated. Bar diagram shows the change in E-cadherin protein expression normalized to that of β-actin. The highest value was taken as reference and set as 1 A.U. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of four independent experiments. *p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-data-collection-processing-and-35f8y07p.png Table 1 Statistics of data collection, processing and refinement. Values for the outer shell are given in parentheses. 1800 frames of 0.1° oscillation were collected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cartoon-view-of-lpp20-structure-a-cartoon-view-of-a-m2qt8htm.png Fig. 2. Cartoon view of Lpp20 structure. A) Cartoon view of a monomer of Lpp20 with secondary structure elements labeled. B) Cartoon view of the four monomers of Lpp20 present in the asymmetric unit of the crystals. Monomers are represented in different colors and labeled as A, B, C and D. https://scispace.com/papers/helicopter-nonlinear-aerodynamics-modelling-using-vehiclesim-57le3ji37w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pid-helicopter-control-1ofkmom1.png Figure 10: PID helicopter control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-zoom-and-comparison-of-the-tail-rotor-blades-flap-2fq4hx6u.png Figure 15: Zoom and comparison of the tail rotor blades’ flap amplitudes in hover flight displayed in Figure 14 (dotted red line (blade 1), solid blue line (blade 2)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-forward-fight-red-line-shows-the-helicopters-1l70qhqz.png Figure 18: Forward fight. Red line shows the helicopter’s position. Blue ’ ’, represents the initial position. Blue ’◦’, final position. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-main-rotors-hub-and-hinges-3ndasnlb.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram of main rotor’s hub and hinges system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-lift-and-drag-forces-representation-for-the-mf4ryszt.png Figure 6: Lift and drag forces representation for the corresponding points on the main rotor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-vehiclesim-commands-main-sequence-1axc7ziw.png Figure 8: VehicleSim commands main sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-helicopter-model-parameters-37-38-iregaxg7.png Table 1: Helicopter model parameters [37], [38]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-representation-in-three-dimensions-in-descent-3o9u2mpq.png Figure 17: Representation in three dimensions in descent flight. Green line shows the helicopter’s position. Red ’ ’, represents the initial position. Red ’◦’, final position. https://scispace.com/papers/helium-exhaust-experiments-on-jet-with-type-i-elms-in-h-mode-4eecfju9ho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-radial-profiles-of-electron-and-ion-temperature-as-3pldt765.png Figure 6. Radial profiles of electron and ion temperature, as well as electron and helium density, for the discharge shown in figure 5. The ITB is located in the core (≈3.3m) and does not expand to large radii. The magnetic axis is at R = 3.0m for this shot. The panel at the top is reproduced from figure 5 to indicate the time of the profiles relative to the time evolution of the discharge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overview-of-results-averaged-during-the-phase-in-178af4f7.png Figure 7. Overview of results, averaged during the phase in each discharge when the helium content is in steady state, for τ r∗He/τ th E and helium enrichment factor η with helium pumping for two reversed q-profile scenarios. The best value for τ r∗He/τ th E was obtained for the 2.63 T/2.2MA discharge shown in figure 3, because of its improved energy confinement as indicated by its value of βN = 1.4. The heating power to form an ITB with the values of βN at 3.45 T/2.4MA as in figure 3 while retaining edge density control was not available due to the conversion of half the beams to helium, and only core ITBs were obtained as shown in figures 5 and 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-as-figure-12-except-a-region-of-reduced-diffusive-3s426t6l.png Figure 14. As figure 12 except a region of reduced diffusive transport is introduced for r < 0.5m. The profile of D is chosen to give the same steady-state profile shape without a central source as the case illustrated in figure 13, which has increased convective transport instead. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-contours-of-errors-in-derived-decay-time-constant-3ew4tx3a.png Figure 15. Contours of errors in derived decay time constant, τ , as function of observed duration of decay, t/τ , and amplitude over background, N/N0. The time resolution t of the signal in this example provides 40 time points per decay time with a 10% accuracy per data point. This corresponds to the actual JET experiments for τ = 2 s. When the background level is known, it is sufficient to observe the decay for 23 of a decay time to achieve 20% accuracy, provided N/N > 2. If the background level needs to be fitted, almost three decay times need to be observed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-constants-quantifying-the-helium-exhaust-for-the-3ia3cg3e.png Table 1. Constants quantifying the helium exhaust for the four regimes studied in this paper. The solid lines in figure 9 and the x-axis for the data in figure 10 are calculated using these coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-overview-of-results-for-t-he-t-th-e-and-helium-nxiv79el.png Figure 8. Overview of results for τ ∗He/τ th E and helium enrichment factor as function of edge density. Also shown is the confinement enhancement factor. Up to three data points are taken in each discharge, and results averaged during 0.5 s. The error bar reflects the variation of the data within each 0.5 s interval. All results are obtained with plasma configuration optimized for pumping, i.e. strike points in the corner on the horizontal target of the Mark II-GB divertor, but at varying pumping speed due to variations in the saturation of the ArFCP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-overview-of-results-for-t-he-t-th-e-plotted-against-3n9csdtf.png Figure 9. Overview of results for τ ∗He/τ th E plotted against the independent estimate of effective recycling coefficient as obtained from a measurement of the influx and a calculation of the pumping rate, including removal by the ArFCP and by wall pumping. The curves represent 1 + 〈τedge/τ thE 〉 × Reff/(1− Reff) using the average of the measured τedge/τ thE for each of the regimes, see table 1. H-mode data follow the same curve for corner (C) and vertical target (VT) configuration. Only ITB discharges with one helium PINI are included in this figure. Data from discharges with two or more helium PINIs all lie significantly below the corresponding curve and are not shown, as explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-right-half-of-the-figure-shows-from-top-to-kebht5os.png Figure 12. The right half of the figure shows (from top to bottom) the profile shape adopted in steady state and during exponential decay for various values of particle return coefficient, Rret , and the transport coefficients used in the model calculation. The central source is located in the shaded area. The top left half of the figure shows two possible results for τ ∗, the replacement time in steady state and the time constant for exponential decay, as a function of Rret . A fuelling efficiency, f , is derived from both results for τ ∗ and is shown in the bottom left half of the figure. The result is the expected value of unity only for the case of the steady-state replacement time. https://scispace.com/papers/hematologic-and-serum-chemistry-reference-intervals-for-free-202ctyjsnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reference-interval-for-seven-hematologic-parameters-wjvf4ine.png Table 1. Reference interval for seven hematologic parameters of free-ranging lions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reference-intervals-for-eleven-serum-chemistry-19oruoth.png Table 2. Reference intervals for eleven serum chemistry parameters of free-ranging lions. https://scispace.com/papers/herbaceous-feedstock-2018-state-of-technology-report-qbm15h9xn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-incorporation-of-stakeholder-f-edb-ck-has-res-lted-2esc6u6f.png Figure 1. Incorporation of stakeholder f edb ck has res lted in improvements in advanced feedstock supply systems, evolving depots from being vertically integrated to producing merchandisable intermediates and servi g a variety of customers and markets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-2019-herbaceous-sot-preprocessing-configurations-3h45hnvh.png Figure A-3. 2019 Herbaceous SOT preprocessing configurations for corn stover. CH=Carbohydrate content, MC = moisture content, PS = particle size https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-energy-prices-and-interest-rates-used-to-model-3qwhcokm.png Table A-2. Energy prices and interest rates used to model herbaceous feedstock logistics costs for the 2019 Herbaceous SOT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ez-ration-debaling-system-1xr0cf1x.png Figure 2. EZ Ration Debaling System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-advanced-load-securing-system-alss-replacing-2f78n5h7.png Figure A-4. Advanced Load Securing System (ALSS) replacing intense physical requirements to secure a load of bales in 2019 SOT (Source: Stinger) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-7-transportation-and-handling-design-assumptions-in-2qehdq1y.png Table A-7. Transportation and handling design assumptions in the 2019 Herbaceous SOT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-the-2019-herbaceous-sot-harvest-and-collection-1oexfqwl.png Figure A-2. The 2019 Herbaceous SOT harvest and collection operations for corn stover. It is assumed that prior to baling there is some amount of field drying to reach 30% moisture for corn https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tornado-chart-showing-sensitivity-of-cost-to-38ha5kmb.png Figure 4. Tornado chart showing sensitivity of cost to operational parameters used to model the 2019 SOT Design. Values in the parenthesis represent the minimum, SOT and maximum value of each parameter for different biomass. https://scispace.com/papers/heritability-and-connections-of-sow-fertility-traits-3qmnyhqgr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heritability-values-determined-by-analysis-2oke7859.png Table 1. Heritability values determined by analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-phenotype-correlation-coefficients-for-fertility-3o8yg0r8.png Table 3. Phenotype correlation coefficients for fertility traits1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genetic-correlation-coefficients-for-fertility-2kzu3m0a.png Table 2. Genetic correlation coefficients for fertility traits and their significance1) https://scispace.com/papers/hermes-a-distributed-event-based-middleware-architecture-8hs2a1bxpa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-application-built-with-hermes-1lopohxx.png Figure 1. An Application built with Hermes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-type-and-attribute-based-routing-algorithm-with-c9q1x3ue.png Figure 4. The Type- and Attribute-Based Routing Algorithm with Filtering https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-supertype-subscription-2w8di2zy.png Figure 5. Supertype Subscription https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-type-based-routing-algorithm-1jw8apii.png Figure 3. The Type-Based Routing Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-layered-architecture-of-hermes-xoukr6de.png Figure 2. The Layered Architecture of Hermes https://scispace.com/papers/hermes-a-model-to-describe-deformation-burning-explosion-and-ebmik45y4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-dilute-reactant-25-by-volume-left-2tcblbmx.png Figure 1. Illustration of dilute reactant (25% by volume, left) where the individual particles of reactant (yellow) are in pressure equilibrium with the surrounding gas product (red). When the reactant is not dilute (75% reactant by volume, right), stress-bridging can occur from one side of the cross section to the other in a connected matrix of reactant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-solid-and-previous-model-dash-fit-to-dynamic-1n1acvho.png Figure 3. Model (solid) and previous model (dash) fit to dynamic split Hopkinson bar and quasistatic uniaxial compression data (symbols) [38] at various strain rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-solid-and-previous-model-dash-fits-to-1mdj9sg2.png Figure 2. Model (solid) and previous model (dash) fits to quasistatic triax test data (symbols) [39] for various confining stresses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calculated-dents-in-the-uk-steven-test-without-top-1gioer9m.png Figure 5. Calculated dents in the UK Steven test without (top) and with (bottom) the Mohr-Coulomb option. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intersection-of-the-yield-surface-with-a-plane-3st10wxj.png Figure 4. Intersection of the yield surface with a plane normal to the pressure axis. All surfaces are normalized to have the same value in triaxial compression. The three axes (thin black lines) are the three principal stresses. In this figure, the principal stresses are not ordered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-calculation-of-a-capped-steel-tube-filled-with-2-mm-1j48br9f.png Figure 6. Calculation of a capped steel tube filled with 2-mm diameter explosive particles ignited at the bottom. The initial porosity is 20%. The assumed ignition propagation speed from the ignited layer is 300 m/s (left) and 30 m/s (right). The deformation is shown at 1 ms after ignition (left) and 3.6 ms after ignition (right). The steel tubes are 48 mm OD, 28 mm ID, and 300 mm long. The endplates are 16 mm thick. The bottom endplate is constrained not to move vertically. The steel yield strength is 0.5 GPa, increasing to 0.7 GPa at 50% (logarithmic) plastic strain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-run-distance-to-detonation-mm-as-a-function-of-hmsir85l.png Figure 7. Run distance to detonation, mm, as a function of pressure, GPa for normal density explosive (open squares) [14]; calculated run distance for normal density, which corresponds to 0.1% porosity (closed squares); 2.4% porosity (closed triangles); and 7.8% porosity (closed circles). https://scispace.com/papers/hermes-a-deficit-in-the-surface-brightness-of-the-cosmic-s3x16kpllg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-intensity-profiles-toward-four-clusters-3dmk6tm3.png Figure 2. Intensity profiles toward four clusters, illustrating gravitational lensing of the CIB. The left-hand plots show the mean flux density in 0.′25-wide annular bins for each cluster after all detected sources have been removed. The central data point is constructed from averaging map pixels within the effective radius characteristic of the clusters’ critical lines (marked by the vertical dashed lines). At larger radii, the data points represent uncertainty-weighted averages starting at the characteristic critical line radius. The mean level of each simulated map is constructed to be zero before source subtraction and is reduced by ∼0.3 MJy sr−1 after a large fraction of the CIB has been detected as sources and removed; the offset varies between targets depending on the details of the catalog. The uncertainties on the data points reflect the photometric accuracy of the measurements rather than the precision with which the mean should differ from the model. The dotted lines and grey contours show the mean and standard deviation of our sky model, calculated from simulations of the CIB lensed by each cluster and passed though our data analysis pipeline. The right-hand plots show the annular averages of the raw cluster images with no source extraction, which highlight the structure of the surface brightness which is subtracted by removing detected sources. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lensing-deficit-cib-limits-and-error-budget-5lap7qfi.png Table 1 Lensing Deficit CIB Limits and Error Budget https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lensed-and-field-images-of-the-cib-from-spire-the-1rm4f2pr.png Figure 1. Lensed and field images of the CIB from SPIRE. The upper left-hand panel shows the 250μm A1689 image, and the upper right-hand panel shows the same image after detected sources have been subtracted. Because the detection threshold is equal to the confusion limit and the noise is not uniform over the image, at the high contrast level of the right-hand image ∼1σconf noise fluctuations are visible toward the edges of the map. The colored contours show the iso-magnification levels from the gravitational lensing model for a source at z = 1.5 with μ < 0 enclosed by the central red contours and μ = {3, 2, 1.5} in lightening shades of blue. The lower two panels show SPIRE three-band false color simulations of the CIB to S 100 nJy, not including noise. The lower left-hand panel is a image of the CIB without lensing, while the right-hand panel shows the same background that has been propagated through a lens model for A1689; no emission from the cluster or SZ effect is included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-the-slope-of-the-faint-end-source-counts-33k31lih.png Figure 3. Effect of the slope of the faint end source counts Γ on the lensing deficit. The surface brightness of the sky is averaged into annular bins centered on the cluster and expressed as a ratio of the brightness at radius r to the overall sky surface brightness. For slopes similar to that inferred from other measurements (Γ ≈ 1.5), the center of our modeled clusters has an expectation value of zero; as the slope increases, the probability of a source falling into the caustic region increases until the deficit begins to be filled in. https://scispace.com/papers/herpesviral-induction-of-germline-transcription-factor-dux4-48a3i6fehm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grnas-2ffig5dj.png Table 2 gRNAs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-antibodies-w4bbu673.png Table 4 Antibodies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-oligonucleotides-8xwua9l3.png Table 1 Oligonucleotides https://scispace.com/papers/heteroclinic-homoclinic-and-closed-orbits-in-the-chen-system-4fu6ffauas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-two-symmetrical-heteroclinic-orbits-for-a-1-b-2-1-c-bd3k7tq2.png Fig. 1 a) Two symmetrical heteroclinic orbits for a = 1,b = 2.1,c = 0.8. (up); b) Two symmetrical homoclinic orbits for a = 1,b = 1.17,c = 0.8 (down). https://scispace.com/papers/heterodyne-detected-stimulated-photon-echo-applications-to-2md9wmcazu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-of-the-construction-of-conventional-and-saq6o9zq.png Fig. 9. Results of the construction of conventional and virtual echo signals from the data given in Fig. 7. The modulus square of the virtual Ž . Ž .open circles and conventional echo signal solid circles are given for the four settings of the delay t as listed in the figure. The solid13 lines are fits with the MBO model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-four-relevant-double-sided-feynman-diagrams-3liz4xmh.png Fig. 2. The four relevant double-sided Feynman diagrams describing the evolution of the reduced density matrix elements as applicable to the HSPE experiment. The different pathways corresponding to the particular response functions, are denoted by R , R , R , R . TheI II III IV < :² < < :² <vertices indicate interactions with the electric fields, while the electric fields are given next to the vertices. g g and e e denote the < :² < < :² <ground- and excited-state reduced density matrix elements, respectively. The off-diagonal coherences are given by e g and g e . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-time-dependent-phase-of-the-nonlinear-third-order-yze1e5sg.png Fig. 10. Time-dependent phase of the nonlinear third-order polarization for the data given in Fig. 7. The values of waiting time t are13 indicated in the figure. The solid lines are results as obtained from the fit with the MBO model. The dashed line shows the maximum possible inclination determined by the steady-state Stokes shift. https://scispace.com/papers/heterogeneity-and-heterotypic-continuity-of-emotional-and-4t1yuv1pno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-eb-symptoms-profiles-and-dgjg9qio.png Table 2 - Association between EB symptoms profiles and adolescence mental wellbeing, self-harm, and substance use https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-latent-profiles-of-emotional-and-behavioural-gl3q8b6c.png Figure 1 – Latent profiles of emotional and behavioural symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-latent-transition-probabilities-and-classification-3c3l4l42.png Figure 2 – Latent transition probabilities and classification probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-the-latent-transition-analysis-with-2xwpk4p4.png Figure 3 – Results of the latent transition analysis with covariates. Monoparental family (time-varying), poverty (time-varying), high maternal professional qualification, maternal distress (timvarying) and harsh parenting (time-varying) odds ratios are adjusted for gender and ethnicity. Reference class = low symptoms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-continued-results-of-the-latent-transition-analysis-3ljhxct9.png Figure 3 – Results of the latent transition analysis with covariates. Monoparental family (time-varying), poverty (time-varying), high maternal professional qualification, maternal distress (timvarying) and harsh parenting (time-varying) odds ratios are adjusted for gender and ethnicity. Reference class = low symptoms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weighted-descriptive-statistics-n-17216-2lwvxpgv.png Table 1 Weighted descriptive statistics (n= 17216) https://scispace.com/papers/heterogeneity-of-chronic-lung-allograft-dysfunction-insights-4x8kyso61y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-are-expresses-as-median-iqr-the-variation-2906robk.png Table II: Results are expresses as median (IQR). The variation between the stable, NRAD and fBOS group is calculated with Kruskall Wallis ANOVA and the Mann- Whitney U test is used as post-hoc test for significances of the BOS, NRAD and fBOS group versus the stable group. https://scispace.com/papers/heterogeneous-expectations-in-the-foreign-exchange-market-d8qtzqmzad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specification-tests-ljung-box-q-statistic-2hvrw6ej.png Table 2 Specification Tests (Ljung-Box Q-Statistic) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-specification-tests-ljung-box-q-statistics-3a20r7xa.png Table 4 Specification Tests (Ljung-Box Q-Statistics) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameter-estimates-of-regime-switching-models-for-21932fp8.png Table 5 Parameter estimates of regime-switching models for the Dollar/DM forward exchange rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-estimates-of-regime-switching-models-for-1ycpkoyl.png Table 1 Parameter estimates of regime-switching models for the Dollar/DM forward exchange rate (1982 – 1998) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-parameter-estimates-of-the-c-f-regime-switching-3nshw7rp.png Table 7 Parameter estimates of the c&f-regime-switching model for the monthly Dollar/DM forward exchange rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-specification-tests-ljung-box-q-statistics-3bwv6l1g.png Table 6 Specification Tests (Ljung-Box Q-Statistics) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-estimates-of-the-c-f-regime-switching-25pifklx.png Table 3 Parameter estimates of the c&f-regime-switching-GARCH(1,1) model with constant variances across regimes for the Dollar/DM forward exchange rate (1982 – 1998) https://scispace.com/papers/heterogeneous-expectations-in-asset-pricing-empirical-3h870smpen 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deterministic-simulation-the-figure-illustrates-the-1fc4llxg.png Figure 4: Deterministic Simulation The figure illustrates the behavior of xt, τ t, and mt in a deterministic simulation setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stochastic-simulation-3d6b7jcd.png Figure 5: Stochastic Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-weights-1ah8lhsb.png Figure 2: Estimated Weights https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-2q61obkj.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-weights-and-price-deviations-for-the-full-3alc3rpw.png Figure 3: Estimated Weights and Price Deviations for the Full Sample The figure presents the estimated weights (right scale) and the price deviation from its fundamental xt (left scale). The left hand side figure displays the monthly weightsmt whereas the right hand side https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-price-and-fundamental-price-this-figure-depicts-the-1wy279d0.png Figure 1: Price and Fundamental Price This figure depicts the price pt, fundamental price pt, and their difference xt. The left-hand axis is the scale for pt and pt; the right-hand axis is the scale for xt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-for-the-full-sample-4cb0dpfw.png Table 2: Estimation Results for the Full Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulation-coeffi-cients-and-starting-values-the-1icx34hu.png Table 5: Simulation Coeffi cients and Starting Values The table presents the coeffi cient set and starting values used in both the deterministic and stochastic https://scispace.com/papers/hexagonal-boron-nitride-nanosheets-grown-via-chemical-vapor-5yeux1z47n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uv-vis-diffuse-reflectance-spectra-of-annealed-ag-r2k43rly.png Figure 3. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of annealed Ag (Bare_Ag) and h-BNNS-coated Ag (h-BNNS_Ag). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characterization-of-h-bnns-grown-on-ag-substrates-a-255ua8hq.png Figure 2. Characterization of h-BNNS grown on Ag substrates. (a) and (b) SEM images of hBNNS grown on solid and melted Ag substrates, respectively. (c), (d) and (e) XPS survey, B 1s and N 1s spectra of h-BNNS. (f) TEM image and SAED pattern (inset) of a region with a diameter of 100 nm on h-BNNS. (g) High resolution Bright Field STEM image and the FFT pattern (inset) of h-BNNS. (h) EELS spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-xps-spectra-of-bare-ag-h2s-and-h-bnns-ag-h2s-a-ud54s3x6.png Figure 6. XPS spectra of Bare_Ag_H2S and h-BNNS_Ag_H2S. (a) survey spectra; (b) S 2s and S 2p peaks; (c) Ag 3d5/2 peaks with metallic Ag and Ag + components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-h-bnns-growth-on-both-solid-and-melted-d54as941.png Figure 1. Schematic of h-BNNS growth on both solid and melted Ag substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-uv-vis-diffuse-reflectance-spectra-for-bare-ag-h-7oxz2wlt.png Figure 5. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra for Bare_Ag, h-BNNS_Ag, Bare_Ag_H2S and hBNNS_Ag_H2S. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optical-images-of-a-bare-ag-b-h-bnns-ag-c-bare-ag-27xhdt4m.png Figure 4. Optical images of (a) Bare_Ag; (b) h-BNNS_Ag; (c) Bare_Ag_H2S; (d) hBNNS_Ag_H2S. Insets are photos taken by a digital camera. https://scispace.com/papers/hierarchical-fusion-of-color-and-depth-information-at-2leo55247h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cooperative-region-merging-scheme-fy7ifsxu.png Fig. 1: Cooperative region merging scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-middlebury-datasets-comparison-between-different-23id281y.png Fig. 3: Middlebury datasets. Comparison between different hierarchy creation strategies. See description in Section 4.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-from-left-to-right-aloe-and-baby1-datasets-from-8-1t4hllpt.png Fig. 2: From left to right: Aloe and Baby1 datasets (from [8]), Ballet and Breakdancers (from [9]); including one of the color views (top) and its corresponding disparity map (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ballet-and-breakdancers-datasets-comparison-between-2t3euqxw.png Fig. 4: Ballet and Breakdancers datasets. Comparison between different hierarchy creation strategies. See description in Section 4.2. https://scispace.com/papers/hierarchical-language-models-for-expert-finding-in-4u75nzl4oj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-representing-the-structure-of-emails-by-ruedrvso.png Table 2. Results of representing the structure of emails by combining header, mainbody and thread text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-using-different-subcollections-we-build-onootuj8.png Table 3. Results of using different subcollections. We build expert models from email lists (C0) and web pages (C1), and we combine the two representations in (C2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-applying-different-query-expansion-aya6dl1m.png Table 1. Results of applying different query expansion methods to the expertise topics. The query models are: baseline with no expansion (Q0), pseudo relevance feedback (Q1), term dependency (Q2), and feedback and term dependency combined (Q3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-using-different-named-entity-definitions-7tsxmnw1.png Table 4. Results of using different named entity definitions. We specify experts by their last name only (D0) and by both first and last name within text window of size 3 (D1), and we combine the two representations in (D2). The last row reports the best run in last year’s TREC [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-by-relaxing-the-definition-of-an-expert-we-find-109kx6w3.png Figure 1. By relaxing the definition of an expert we find some information (at least one relevant document) about more experts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-by-relaxing-the-definition-of-an-expert-we-141mu5y7.png Figure 2. By relaxing the definition of an expert we incorrectly associate more documents with experts, resulting in a less precise model. https://scispace.com/papers/hierarchical-fingertip-space-for-multi-fingered-precision-3mklh8uyq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-from-left-to-right-point-cloud-fingertip-space-in-blue-14b62mxa.png Fig. 3. From left to right: Point cloud, fingertip space (in blue), and rejected points (in red). Partitioning of similar fingertip unites into 20 cells. Magnified: Red marks points rejected due to variance criterion. Comparing to finger size, it is obvious that the red positions cannot stabilize contacts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-pipeline-given-an-object-point-cloud-and-a-3n6glejy.png Fig. 1. System pipeline: Given an object point cloud and a robotic hand as input, our system (A) extracts a fingertip space directly from the object point cloud and builds a hierarchical representation of it. (B) By incorporating the fingertip space hierarchy and a hand reachability measure, the multilevel refinement procedure searches for a feasible combination of contacts with an initial hand configuration. (C) In the end, the synthesized grasp is realized by local contact positions optimization with respect to the synthesized contacts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-noisy-objects-used-in-experiments-and-their-3alixp2u.png Fig. 10. Noisy objects used in experiments and their corresponding fingertip space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-statistics-of-algorithm-evaluation-stable-the-3umly3b3.png Fig. 6. Statistics of algorithm evaluation. Stable(%): The percentage of stable grasps after the grasps were executed. Rounds: The averaged rounds of Alg. 1 to successfully output a good grasp, note that Alg. 1 is restarted if the final check is not satisfied. Time/Round: The averaged time in seconds that one round of the algorithm takes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-positioning-error-tolerance-test-results-percentages-3q7t893p.png Fig. 9. Positioning error tolerance test results: percentages of stable nearby grasps given positioning errors within one and two fingertip unit sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-formation-of-the-fingertip-hierarchy-exemplified-for-3l3oniu3.png Fig. 2. Formation of the fingertip hierarchy exemplified for four levels. Left: An AHC clustering tree is used to retrieve a partitioning of the fingertip space into |Φ|, 10, 3, and 1 cells. For each cell a circle symbolizes the representative fingertip unit. Right: The representative units are used as parents in a DAG. Edges to siblings (in red) and to cousins (in blue) are only shown for the fingertip unit φ1 = φ0,1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-statistics-of-algorithm-evaluation-with-noise-stable-71ysfisc.png Fig. 11. Statistics of algorithm evaluation with noise. Stable(%): The percentage of stable grasps after the grasps were executed. Rounds: The averaged rounds of Alg. 1 to successfully output a good grasp, note that Alg. 1 is restarted if the final check is not satisfied. Time/Round: The averaged time in seconds that one round of the algorithm takes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-upper-fingertip-space-of-the-partially-observed-sqdqm9h2.png Fig. 12. Upper: Fingertip space of the partially observed objects. Lower: Grasps synthesized on partially observed objects. Unobserved parts on the object are shown in transparency. https://scispace.com/papers/hierarchical-use-of-cues-in-the-missing-object-recognition-1ctfku5532 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distributions-of-mean-proportions-of-trials-that-1gf3nxfx.png Figure 6: Distributions of mean proportions of trials that the baited target object-cued object in baseline arrays and each of the four of three denoted partially- baited correct cue-dissociated feeders were opened by rats on each of their choices under the different- and identical-objects cueing conditions respectively in Phase 4 of Experiment 1. The vertical lines on each bar represent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-an-example-in-the-different-objects-cueing-274anybt.png Figure 2a: An example in the different-objects cueing condition of a study array and its baseline test array with a missing target (T) object icon on the remaining baited unlocked feeder and the four cue-dissociated probe test arrays on unlocked and non- baited or partially baited (in Phase 4) feeders. The indented portion of the rectangular feeder represents the front of the food well cover from where the rat had to push to uncover the food well as shown in Figure 1. The cue dissociated feeder labels noted under each phase’s probe test configuration title are: Obj = correct object, LP=correct local position, GP = correct global position, FOr = correct feeder orientation. In Phase 1’s probe test array, if a rat opened feeder A or B on its first choice it would have selected a feeder with the correct object or that with all correct combined spatial cues respectively. In Phase 2’s probe test array, if a rat opened feeder B or A on its first choice, it would have selected a feeder at a correct global position or one with the correct object combined with its other two spatial cues respectively In Phase 3’s probe test array, if a rat opened feeder A or B, or C on its first choice it would have selected a feeder with a correct object or one at a correct global position, or one at a correct combined local position and orientation respectively. In Phase 4’s probe test array, if a rat had opened feeder A or B or C or D, it would have selected a feeder with the correct missing object or at a correct global position or at a correct local position or, correctly oriented respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-an-example-in-the-identical-objects-cueing-3j77v8s2.png Figure 2a: An example in the different-objects cueing condition of a study array and its baseline test array with a missing target (T) object icon on the remaining baited unlocked feeder and the four cue-dissociated probe test arrays on unlocked and non- baited or partially baited (in Phase 4) feeders. The indented portion of the rectangular feeder represents the front of the food well cover from where the rat had to push to uncover the food well as shown in Figure 1. The cue dissociated feeder labels noted under each phase’s probe test configuration title are: Obj = correct object, LP=correct local position, GP = correct global position, FOr = correct feeder orientation. In Phase 1’s probe test array, if a rat opened feeder A or B on its first choice it would have selected a feeder with the correct object or that with all correct combined spatial cues respectively. In Phase 2’s probe test array, if a rat opened feeder B or A on its first choice, it would have selected a feeder at a correct global position or one with the correct object combined with its other two spatial cues respectively In Phase 3’s probe test array, if a rat opened feeder A or B, or C on its first choice it would have selected a feeder with a correct object or one at a correct global position, or one at a correct combined local position and orientation respectively. In Phase 4’s probe test array, if a rat had opened feeder A or B or C or D, it would have selected a feeder with the correct missing object or at a correct global position or at a correct local position or, correctly oriented respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distributions-of-mean-proportions-of-trials-that-286zgcoi.png Figure 3: Distributions of mean proportions of trials that the baited target object-cued feeder in baseline arrays and each of the two denoted non-baited correct cue-dissociated feeders in probe trial arrays were opened by rats on each of their choices in Phase 1 of Experiment 1 under the different-objects cueing condition. As already noted in Figure 2b, under the identical-objects cueing condition, probe test trials did not contain any cue-dissociated feeders but only a correct targetobject cued non-baited feeder and therefore a summary of data from baseline and probe tests are presented within the same graph. The vertical lines on each bar represent + SEM and the horizontal dashed line in each graph represents chance performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-distributions-of-mean-proportions-of-trials-that-2kjhwyzq.png Figure 7: Distributions of mean proportions of trials that the baited target object-cued object in baseline arrays and each of the four denoted partially- baited correct cue-dissociated feeders were opened by rats on each of their choices under the different-objects cueing condition in Experiment 1b. The vertical lines on each bar represent + SEM and the horizontal dashed line in each graph represents chance performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distributions-of-mean-proportions-of-trials-that-10t2mon3.png Figure 4 : Distributions of mean proportions of trials that the baited target object-cued object in baseline arrays and each of the two denoted non-baited correct cue-dissociated feeders were opened by rats on each of their choices under each object-cueing condition in Phase 2 of Experiment 1. The vertical lines on each bar represent + SEM and the horizontal dashed line in each graph represents chance performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-five-types-of-objects-used-in-experiment-1-are-3imv6iyt.png Figure 1: The five types of objects used in Experiment 1 are shown in panels a and b and four objects from the pool of twenty objects used in Experiment 1b are shown in panel c as they might appear on feeders in the foraging chamber. Panel b shows only an example from an identical objects cueing condition as any one of these five different types of objects could serve in that condition as explained in the test. The three basic geometrical arrays of the feeders used in each experiment are shown over the three panels. An example of how far a cover could be pushed on an unlocked feeder (e.g., golf ball cued feeder) and on a locked feeder (e.g.,green Lego object-cued feeder) is shown in panel a. The position of objects seen in each of the three test arrays is only one of the possible configurations used in this study. See text for further details. https://scispace.com/papers/hierarchical-strategies-for-efficient-fault-recovery-on-the-3crzqv5v6a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-illustration-of-the-application-of-two-circuit-28aakaym.png Fig. 5. An illustration of the application of two circuit transformations. The rightmost NMOS branch in the first CAB from the left suffers an insulating fault which is recovered from by being swapped with a spare in the fourth CAB. The rightmost NMOS branch in the second CAB from the left suffers a conducting fault, and is recovered from by swapping the mappings of inputs C and D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-number-of-steps-required-strategies-applied-in-au7oxcd2.png Fig. 8. The number of steps required (strategies applied) in order to repair a broken circuit is shown. The performance of input vs. branch swapping is shown in (a), input vs. branch shuffling is shown in (b), and the mixed experiments input shuffling vs. branch swapping and input swapping vs branch shuffling are shown in (c) and (d). Again, a trend towards better repair performance can be observed when branch operations are more likely used. However, the cost of these operations is also higher. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-number-of-faulty-circuits-fixed-is-shown-when-20g7du51.png Fig. 7. The number of faulty circuits fixed is shown when running stochastic strategies sampling two different strategies with different statistical bias. The performance of input vs. branch swapping is shown in (a), input vs. branch shuffling is shown in (b), and the mixed experiments input shuffling vs. branch swapping and input swapping vs branch shuffling are shown in (c) and (d). Generally, a trend towards better repair performance can be observed when branch operations are more likely used. However, the cost of these operations is also higher. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-comparison-of-solutions-from-both-methods-1wu12eew.png TABLE 4 A comparison of solutions from both methods optimised for the least cost expended after 1000 circuit repairs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-results-of-running-the-experiments-from-section-6-1x19rdzo.png Fig. 12. Results of running the experiments from Section 6 with the differences detailed in Section 8.1. Top: the average number of steps required to fix random faults. Middle: the number of unfixed circuits out of 1,000. Bottom: the total cost expended when using a particular bias. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-comparison-of-solutions-from-both-methods-23vi89bh.png TABLE 3 A comparison of solutions from both methods optimised for the least number of steps taken during 1000 circuit repairs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-properties-of-the-four-benchmark-circuits-chosen-1acrwruj.png TABLE 1 The properties of the four benchmark circuits chosen as test cases for the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-comparison-of-solutions-from-both-methods-4knzpiot.png TABLE 2 A comparison of solutions from both methods optimised for the least unfixed circuits out of 1000. https://scispace.com/papers/hierarchical-space-merging-algorithm-for-analysis-of-two-4cs15td8sk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-structure-of-the-proposed-model-qcgd89w4.png Fig. 1. The structure of the proposed model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-state-diagram-of-the-split-model-with-state-space-2lvpjlxm.png Fig. 3. The state diagram of the split model with state space Sk https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-state-space-of-the-proposed-model-1djezw6e.png Fig. 2. The state space of the proposed model https://scispace.com/papers/high-accuracy-gaseous-x-ray-detectors-ijhm05ri47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-position-sensitive-x-ray-detection-1r1usywa.png Fig. 1. Schematic view of position sensitive x-ray detection system showing division into three principal sections: i) detector (sensing axis https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2l9k105u.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-1x6q3izh.png TABLE II https://scispace.com/papers/high-aperture-efficiency-wide-corrugations-bull-s-eye-h5hznbfrny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-black-curves-and-experimental-green-curves-1gg9xhyc.png Fig. 4. Simulated (black curves) and experimental (green curves) radiation diagrams at frequencies other than f = 60 GHz. E- and x-z middle-plane at (a, b) f = 55 GHz and (c, d) at f = 65 GHz. (e) Cross-Polar for a plane cut at 42 deg and f = 60GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-study-of-the-s11-magnitude-vs-the-variation-3efrwhbz.png Fig. 3. Numerical study of the S11 magnitude vs the variation of several parameters: (a) groove’s width and (b) depth; (c) slot´s width and (d) length. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-wbess-dimensions-srtbnbtv.png TABLE I WBESS DIMENSIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-results-for-wbess-dash-dotted-black-wbe-2vr97ufn.png Fig. 2. Simulation results for WBESS (dash-dotted black), WBE (dotted red) and NBE (dashed blue) and experimental results for WBESS (solid green). (a) S11 magnitude in dB and (b) realized gain in dBi as a function of frequency and radiation diagrams for (c) E-plane and (d) H-plane at 60 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-flow-profile-of-a-wbe-and-b-wbess-3kxd85d5.png Fig. 5. Power Flow profile of (a) WBE and (b) WBESS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulated-aperture-efficiency-for-an-increasing-number-2pf2p5v5.png Fig. 6. Simulated aperture efficiency for an increasing number P of wide corrugation periods at the operation frequency. (Inset) Realized gain as a function of frequency as P is varied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-field-distribution-inside-the-nbe-antenna-compared-1jcmlkvc.png Fig. 7. (a) Field distribution inside the NBE antenna compared with the fundamental TE11 mode of a coaxial waveguide at f = 59.25 GHz. (b) Idem for a WBESS antenna compared with the TM11 mode of a coaxial waveguide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-photograph-showing-the-fabricated-wbess-antenna-b-psyxayu8.png Fig. 1. (a) Photograph showing the fabricated WBESS antenna. (b) Crosssectional view schematic. (c) Experimental setup. https://scispace.com/papers/high-definition-velocity-space-tomography-of-fast-ion-3ux5cdc8vp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-known-positions-of-the-beam-injection-peaks-are-1crvybe4.png Figure 3. The known positions of the beam injection peaks are encoded by using a 2D regularization given by E p,( )κ [-]. The total regularization strength is given by E p,( )λκ . The half- and one-third energy injection peaks merge due to the low resolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-measured-full-lines-and-simulated-dashed-lines-2puotrb7.png Figure 11. Measured (full lines) and simulated (dashed lines) increases in the fast-ion density for p 0.3, 0.7[ ]∈ and five 10 keV wide energy intervals in ASDEX Upgrade discharge #33138 right after the NBI is switched on. The fast-ion densities are obtained by integration of the high-definition tomographic inversion in the specified regions in velocity space. The fast-ion densities in the regions containing NBI peaks grow faster. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-transp-simulation-1016-kev-1-m-3-as-in-figure-9-1cc3ygj6.png Figure 10. TRANSP simulation (1016 keV−1 m−3) as in figure 9 after NBI Q3 was turned on in discharge #33138 at t = 0.4 s. NBI peaks at full, half, and one-third energy appear in the simulation. (a) 0.40 s, (b) 0.42 s, (c) 0.44 s, (d) 0.47 s, (e) 0.49 s, ( f ) 0.52 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-unconstrained-first-order-tikhonov-tomographic-20qlqd7o.png Figure 4. Unconstrained first-order Tikhonov tomographic inversions of FIDA measurements in five views in ASDEX Upgrade discharge #31557 in units (1016 keV−1 m−3). The regularization parameter λ is chosen by two different methods: (a) L-curve. (b) GCV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-as-figure-7-but-using-only-two-fida-views-the-38054hcy.png Figure 8. As figure 7, but using only two FIDA views. The angles of the lines-of-sight to the magnetic field are 73 , 153[ ]φ = . The colorbar is different for each plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-inversions-by-tsvd-with-null-measurement-constraint-32wdzfs0.png Figure 9. Inversions by TSVD with null-measurement constraint after NBI Q3 was turned on in discharge #33138 at t = 0.4 s. A movie is provided as supplementary material to this paper (movie 1) (stacks.iop.org/NF/56/106024/mmedia). NBI peaks at full, half, and one-third energy are gradually formed. The units are (1016 keV−1 m−3). (a) 0.40 s, (b) 0.42 s, (c) 0.44 s, (d) 0.47 s, (e) 0.49 s, ( f ) 0.52 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-as-for-figure-15-but-using-only-two-fida-views-the-7fszd1ug.png Figure 16. As for figure 15, but using only two FIDA views. The angles of the lines-of-sight to the magnetic field are 14 , 73[ ]φ = . (a) 2.1 s. (b) 2.13 s. (c) 2.16 s. (d) 2.19 s. (e) 2.22 s. ( f ) 2.25 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-measured-fast-ion-densities-in-selected-pitch-1lawcesm.png Figure 14. The measured fast-ion densities in selected pitch and energy ranges in ASDEX Upgrade discharge #32323. The red and blue curves also appear in figure 13 and are here split into different energy intervals. (a) 0.25 < p < 0.75. (b) p > 0.75. https://scispace.com/papers/high-efficiency-thrust-vector-control-allocation-4yod5amqut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-null-space-transformation-93c59m6q.png Fig. 3 Null space transformation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-34yj4iky.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concept-vehicle-parameters-2xtffl7b.png Table 1 Concept vehicle parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concept-thrust-vector-parameters-11ks71db.png Table 2 Concept thrust vector parameters https://scispace.com/papers/high-energy-gravitational-scattering-a-numerical-study-58bixzbxga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-scaling-of-the-leading-eigenvalue-in-the-axial-3ioygyyz.png Figure 4: The scaling of the leading eigenvalue in the axial symmetric case below criticality https://scispace.com/papers/high-fidelity-discrimination-of-ards-versus-other-causes-of-4w2lni5eey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-classification-error-by-feature-the-relationship-3ak4icv4.png Figure 6 – Classification error by feature. The relationship between classification error, ventilation, and demo information (x-axis) plotted against error correlation (arbitrary units; y-axis). The predictions generated by Model a higher error with increasing age of the patient, and error was inversely correlated with respiration failure meaning the framework performed better for patients with a history of respiratory failure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-feature-importance-scores-for-model-1-feature-26qcr12v.png Figure 3 - Feature importance scores for Model 1. Feature importance scores for a random forest classifier using frequency of timing of laboratory tests (top 100 features shown). The orange (or blue) color for a box indica the associated lab test was acquired in a higher rate in the ARDS patients (or non-ARDS patients). For e Myelocytes % acquisition rate is a feature with high importance in discriminating between ARDS versus non-AR is higher in ARDS compared to non-ARDS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-classifier-performance-five-sets-of-models-were-h17mv5im.png Figure 2 – Classifier performance. Five sets of models were trained using features extracted from (1) frequenc 1933 medical lab tests (per hour) from the admission to P/F measurement; (2) medical lab tests, mechanical ven measurements, demographic information; (3) radiology reports (keywords in Table 2); (4) combined medical l with radiology reports features; (5) model (1), (2) and (3) outputs (two stage model). The training was perform cross-validation framework with 100 splits, and the performance metrics were measured for each split. Left: The operating curve of the trained models. Middle: The area under the ROC curve; and Right: the precision (at 20% for the same models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-feature-importance-scores-for-model-2-a-the-feature-2eqlqa8c.png Figure 4 – Feature importance scores for Model 2. (A) The feature importance scores for Model 2 using values extracted using a random forest model in a cross-validation framework. The orange (or blue) color fo indicates that the associated lab test has a higher value in the ARDS patients (or non-ARDS patients). For exam Arterial is a feature with high importance in discriminating between ARDS versus non-ARDS, and is lower in compared to non-ARDS; and alkaline phosphatase is higher in ARDS compared to non-ARDS. (B) The importance score for model 2 using change in slope of the values extracted using random forest model in validation framework. The orange (or blue) color for a box indicates that the magnitude of change in the associ test is greater in the ARDS patients (or non-ARDS patients). For example, change in arterial PCO2 has high imp for discriminating between respiratory failure likely due to ARDS versus non-ARDS, and a greater magnitude of in arterial PCO2 over four days is more likely to be seen in ARDS as compared to non-ARDS; similarly, change gap has high importance for discriminating between respiratory failure likely due to ARDS versus non-ARDS greater magnitude of change in anion gap is more likely to be seen in non-ARDS as compared to ARDS. The below each feature indicates its importance score has passed the significance threshold (p<0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-study-cohort-selection-and-ground-1iq9j13h.png Figure 1 - Flow diagram of study cohort selection and ground truth labeling by senior pulmonary critic physicians. These criteria were used to define 281 gold standard ARDS patients from among the patients Northwell Health between May 2016 and April 2019. al care seen at https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-by-patient-for-models-2-and-3-the-3835cdze.png Figure 5 – Performance by patient for Models 2 and 3. The scatter plot shows the output of Model 3 (traine radiology reports) versus Model 2 (trained using laboratory tests) for both ARDS (orange) and non-ARDS (blue) p The distributions of the probabilities for Models (2) and (3) are shown on upper and right side of the scatter plot ARDS and non-ARDS patients. Underlying heterogeneity among patients makes a definitive classification diffic with access to both radiological reports and laboratory tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hyperparameters-for-models-1-2-3-and-4-that-provided-2o5ch6qt.png Table 3 - Hyperparameters for models 1, 2, 3 and 4 that provided the highest performance (avg precision score). https://scispace.com/papers/high-gain-extended-kalman-filter-for-continuous-discrete-46c1m7ykib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2iaiprmz.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/high-frequency-seismic-events-on-mars-observed-by-insight-29jche51xz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-noise-power-spectral-density-psd-3sevkmlu.png Figure 4. Evolution of the noise power spectral density (PSD) on the VBB vertical component in the 2.3–2.6 Hz frequency range (i.e., the resonance excited by events) since placement of the wind and thermal shield (WTS). For each sol, the figure shows the spectrogram as in Figure 1, but vertically constrained to the resonance as an indicator of the detection capability. The symbols indicate the distribution of the high-frequency events until 31 March 2020 (sol 478) and their signal quality as detailed in the text. The noise patterns correlate with the sunrise and sunset, indicated by the white lines. Solar conjunction prohibited data transfer from sol 268 to 288. VBB, very broad band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-spectral-amplitude-measured-on-the-2-4-hz-1rjtjcj5.png Figure 8. (a) Spectral amplitude measured on the 2.4 Hz resonance versus relative arrival times of Pg and Sg. The red solid line represents the detection thresholds during the quietest times of the mission and the red dashed line indicates the amplitude at which most events are visible outside the resonance. (b) Assuming seismic velocities, distances in degrees and Magnitudes can be assigned. (c) Kernel density estimation with distances weighted according to the corresponding surface area confirms that 2.4 Hz and HF events are clustered around a relative traveltime of 280 s, while VF events are more evenly distributed. HF, high frequency; VF, very high frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-envelopes-of-synthetic-seismograms-computed-in-the-1rdqkv3q.png Figure 13. Envelopes of synthetic seismograms computed in the reference model with a source at 30 km depth, smoothed with a 100s boxcar window and aligned on the Sg-arrival time. The traces are aligned by epicentral distance in (a) as also indicated by the color. The logarithmic scaling in (b) highlights that at later times the coda-decay is independent of the distance. For closer events, the initial decay is faster though before it approaches the same value after several hundreds of seconds as indicated by the dashed lines. The mantle P-wave is also visible as a precursor at very small amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-spectrogram-of-the-vbb-vertical-component-2v0ou1ne.png Figure 5. (a) Spectrogram of the VBB vertical component velocity for the quality B HF event S0260a. The monochromatic signal at 1 Hz is known as “tick noise” and caused by electronic crosstalk (Ceylan et al., 2020). (b) Broad-band signal (blue, orange, green) and envelope filtered in different frequency ranges (indicated on the left above each waveform). The purple envelope has been convolved with a 100 s boxcar window. This processing maintains the onset times and thus allows picking of the two main phases also for weaker events. VBB, very broad band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ray-paths-that-contribute-to-the-two-broad-g53lv0oj.png Figure 11. Ray paths that contribute to the two broad arrivals in the numerical model. Specific effects indicated by arrows are detailed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-reference-model-and-parametrization-from-which-ogypor1n.png Figure 12. (a) Reference model and parametrization from which all other models are created by perturbing single parameters. (b) Section of one random realization of the reference model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-representative-spectrogram-psd-power-spectral-3hkd4sig.png Figure 1. A representative spectrogram (PSD = power spectral density) computed for a full sol (421) of continuous vertical component VBB acceleration data sampled at 20 Hz. Annotations include the major sources of noise as well as four events with their unique identifier, quality and event type (discussed in text). The sunrise and sunset times are marked on the time axis (UTC is Universal Coordinated Time, and LMST is Local Mean Solar Time at the InSight landing site). VBB, very broad band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-estimate-of-the-diffusivity-a-and-the-shear-mean-svxphxrr.png Figure 15. Estimate of the diffusivity (a) and the shear mean free path (b) for the heterogeneous models used in the numerical simulations, as a function of the correlation length. https://scispace.com/papers/high-intensity-noise-generation-for-extremely-large-2bpf9z54xi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-team-mk-vi-and-mk-vii-air-valve-displacement-versus-1thxjti7.png Figure 5: Team MK-VI and MK-VII Air Valve Displacement versus Frequency https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-sound-power-output-of-team-modulators-3b9jo0cy.png Table 2: The Sound Power Output of Team Modulators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-behavior-of-mk-vi-modulator-3am0cnft.png Figure 8: The behavior of MK-VI Modulator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-dynamic-range-of-mk-vii-modulator-1avbta91.png Figure 11: The Dynamic Range of MK-VII Modulator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-specification-of-the-team-mk-vi-and-mk-3exh5bgi.png Table 1: Performance Specification of the Team MK-VI and MK-VII Modulators. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-dynamic-range-of-mk-vi-modulator-1ecc10u4.png Figure 10: The Dynamic Range of MK-VI Modulator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-behavior-of-mk-vii-modulator-3bi4v2jo.png Figure 9: The behavior of MK-VII Modulator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-acoustic-test-spectra-requirements-5fiiu1zi.png Figure 1: Acoustic Test Spectra Requirements https://scispace.com/papers/high-lipoprotein-a-levels-are-associated-with-an-increased-1vpkl1hppy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-logistic-regression-analyses-on-the-possible-3v3ccj3a.png Fig. 1. Logistic regression analyses on the possible association between high Lp(a) levels and RVO. Model 1: Adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking habit. Model 2: Adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking habit, and triglycerides’ levels. Model 3: Adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking habit, triglycerides, homocysteine and PAI-1 levels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-laboratory-characteristics-of-the-study-2uh7fgl2.png Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study population. https://scispace.com/papers/high-iso-aldehyde-selectivity-in-the-hydroformylation-of-2v4513w1c8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-enantioselective-hydroformylation-of-allyl-benzene-2ucspdgu.png Table 2. Enantioselective Hydroformylation of allyl benzene and but-1-ene. https://scispace.com/papers/high-lithium-sulfide-loading-electrodes-for-practical-li-s-345ntm6hck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-c-in-situ-and-operando-sulfur-k-edge-xas-mapping-fhumrvk6.png Figure 8. (a-c) In situ and operando sulfur K-edge XAS mapping and the corresponding voltage profile for the first charge, discharge and the second charge, respectively. (d) XAS spectrum of sulfur, PSs, as-synthesized Li2S active material, and XAS spectrum of the Li2S electrode in the cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-f-sem-images-of-li2s-kb-composites-of-different-w9wdl4ga.png Figure 3. (a-f) SEM images of Li2S/KB composites of different Li2S weight fractions with and without adding PVP during synthesis process. (g) X-ray diffraction patterns of the synthesized Li2S/KB composites. Cobalt was used as XRD source. (h) Rate performance of the Li2S/KB cathodes at different discharge C rates from 0.2 C to 2.0 C. Li2S loading: ~1.5 mg cm-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-sem-images-of-as-synthesized-li2s-kb-cf-composite-22m9l1w9.png Figure 4. (a) SEM images of as synthesized Li2S/KB@Cf composite; (b) TEM result of carbon fiber produced via RCVD process; (c) XAS spectrum of as prepared Li2S/KB@Cf material; (d) Cycling performance of the Li2S/KB@Cf electrode at a current density of 0.8 mA cm-2 with Al foil as current collector. (e) Corresponding charge and discharge voltage profiles of the Li2S/KB@Cf electrode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-images-of-a-b-pristine-al-foam-c-f-fresh-li2s-7hvguhbu.png Figure 5. SEM images of (a, b) pristine Al foam; (c-f) fresh Li2S/KB@Cf electrodes with different Li2S loadings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cycling-properties-and-representative-charge-1igj09ge.png Figure 6. Cycling properties and representative charge/discharge profiles of Li2S/KB@Cf electrodes with (a, b) different Li2S loadings; (c, d) different E/S ratios and (e, f) optimized configuration. Current density: 0.3 mA cm-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-b-comparsion-of-rate-capability-between-high-1bp59mz0.png Figure 7. (a, b) Comparsion of Rate capability between high loading Li2S electrode with and without insitu-formed carbon fibers. (c,d) Cycling performance and discharge/charge curves of a high Li2S loading Li/Li2S pouch cell (2 electrode cell, 3X4 cm) with the low E/S ratio of 4.4. Electrolyte composition: 0.5M LiTFSI in DOL/DME(1:1, v:v). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrated-scheme-of-modifications-of-each-cell-3hd4fit7.png Figure 1. Illustrated scheme of modifications of each cell component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-illustration-of-li2s-kb-cf-nano-composite-38zv0k2t.png Figure 2. Schematic illustration of Li2S/KB@Cf nano-composite and Li2S electrode. https://scispace.com/papers/high-mercury-levels-in-antarctic-toothfish-dissostichus-3udogqhxqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-glmm-analysis-final-model-this-is-a-random-intercept-3g82a1tk.png Table 2: GLMM analysis final model. This is a random-intercept model with age and geomorphology as fixed-effect variables and fishing longlines as the random-intercept grouping variable. Significant explanatory variables for T-Hg in Dissostichus mawsoni. SE: Standard Error; df: degrees of freedom. R2m: marginal pseudo-R2 (variability explained by fixed effects); R2c: conditional pseudo-R2 (variability explained by fixed and random effects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fish-biometrics-and-t-hg-concentrations-in-the-three-fdwbqo1l.png Table 1: Fish biometrics and T-Hg concentrations in the three sampled areas. SSRU – small scale research unit; SL – standard length; M – mass; T-Hg – total mercury concentration. Values are mean ± standard deviation. Values with different superscript letters in the same column are significantly different (p <0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-t-hg-concentrations-in-d-mawsoni-over-the-last-2qx0fg8y.png Figure 3. Mean T-Hg concentrations in D. mawsoni over the last 2 decades in oceanic (solid line, include all offshore habitats but mainly seamounts) and slope (dashed line) environments. Values are from previous studies: 1998 and 2006 (Hanchet et al., 2012); 2012 (Son et al., 2014); 2016 (Yoon et al., 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-t-hg-concentrations-in-dissostichus-mawsoni-in-the-avpfuqfk.png Figure 2. T-Hg concentrations in Dissostichus mawsoni in the three fishing areas. Bar ± Error Bar - Mean ± SD; Points - individual values; Dashed line - 0.5 mg kg-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-areas-a-fishing-area-88-2h-amundsen-sea-yqjrjrt9.png Figure 1. Sampling areas. a) Fishing area 88.2H – Amundsen Sea seamount; b) Fishing area 88.2F – Amundsen Sea slope; c) Fishing area 58.4.1G - Dumont D’Urville Sea slope. https://scispace.com/papers/high-performance-liquid-chromatography-of-molecular-species-5em6ck77ln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-glc-analysii-with-the-corresponding-hplc-3o3nqfv6.png Fig. 7 Comparison of GLC-analysii with the corresponding HPLC-analysis of free sterols from oat leaves and seeds. Composition on a molar basis (%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-glc-anajysis-of-sterols-obtained-from-11ztb06m.png Fig. 8 Comparison of GLC-anaJysis of sterols obtained from sterylglycosides by acid hydrolysis with the corresponding HPLC-analyiis of intact SG from oat leaves and seeds. Decomposition of avenasterols is avoided by enzymatic digestion (see Fig. 9). Composition on a molar basis (%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-glc-analyiis-of-sterols-obtained-from-15si3oyb.png Fig. 9 Comparison of GLC-analyiis of sterols obtained from sterylglycosidei (SG) by enzymatic digestion1 with the corresponding HPLCanalysii of intact SG from oat flour (Oat flour was a generous gift of the Kentaur AG, Liilzelfluh, Switzerland, and waj extracted in the same way as intact seed). Composition on a molar basis (%). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-hplc-and-b-glc-separation-of-free-sterols-from-oat-pcx286iu.png Fig. 1 a) HPLC- and b) GLC-separation of free sterols from oat leaves. Identification of HPLC-pcaks was obtained by GLC-MS-analysis of collected single peaks (see Fig. 5). For denomination of HPLC-Peaks see corresponding numbers in the GLC-chromatogram. HPLG-quantities (nmol/peak): 1=0.25; 2 = 1.14; 3=0.97; 4=0.49; 5 = 2.01; 6=2.80. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-glc-analysis-a-of-sterols-obtained-from-2p8j6qyo.png Fig. 4 Comparison of GLC-analysis (a) of sterols obtained from sterylglycosides (SG) by enzymatic degradation with the corresponding HPLG-analysis (b) of intact SG from oat flour. For denomination see corresponding numbers in the GLC-chromatogram. Oat flour was a generous gift of the Kentaur AG (Lutzelflilh, Switzerland) and was extracted in the same way as intact seeds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-sterols-on-hplc-peaks-analysed-after-2qjvssls.png Fig. 5 Distribution of sterols on HPLC-peaks analysed after coUection of individual peaks by GLC. Sterols were released from SG by acid hydrolysis, thus leading to a decomposition of both avenasterols (see Fig. 3-4). a) Free sterols from oat leaves, b) Free sterols from oat seeds, c) Stcrylglycosides from oat leaves. https://scispace.com/papers/high-performance-query-processing-of-a-real-world-olap-4qtcq9grr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pargres-database-cluster-architecture-12jiqqwp.png Fig. 1. ParGRES Database Cluster Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-query-speedup-a-results-for-q1-q7-b-results-for-q8-q14-2mlrecnb.png Fig. 8. Query speedup: (a) results for Q1-Q7; (b) results for Q8-Q14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-domi-and-dimension-tables-3ccizjtg.png Fig. 4. Relationship between DOMI and dimension tables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-between-fami-and-dimension-tables-3hmyhsh2.png Fig. 5. Relationship between FAMI and dimension tables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-fact-tables-10ruvp9x.png Fig. 3. Relationship between fact tables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-fact-tables-and-dimension-tables-2ubazvmn.png Fig. 2. Relationship between fact tables and dimension tables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-execution-times-in-seconds-per-number-of-nodes-1rym0qkc.png Table 2. Execution times (in seconds) per number of nodes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationship-between-pess-and-dimension-tables-1mirtpvi.png Fig. 6. Relationship between PESS and dimension tables https://scispace.com/papers/high-performance-tri-gate-gan-power-moshemts-on-silicon-4frwt5z2nq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ron-sp-versus-vbr-benchmarks-of-the-tri-gate-moshemts-3bmdejyw.png Fig. 5. RON,SP versus VBR benchmarks of the tri-gate MOSHEMTs with state-of-the-art GaN E/D-mode (MOS)HEMTs on silicon by defining VBR at IOFF (a) ≤ 1 mA/mm and (b) ≤ 1 µA/mm. For fair comparison, literature results with unspecified RON or IR were not included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-off-state-breakdown-characteristics-of-the-planar-1yv8dfnw.png Fig. 4. (a) OFF-state breakdown characteristics of the planar and tri-gate (FF = 0.8) MOSHEMTs with different LGD, measured with floating substrate. (b) Extracted LGD-dependent RON and VBR of the MOSHEMTs. The breakdown was defined at IOFF ≤ 1 µA/mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-characteristics-at-vg-5-v-of-tri-gate-moshemts-2kk3xjuf.png Fig. 3. Output characteristics at VG = 5 V of tri-gate MOSHEMTs with the same w of 600 nm but different FFs. The insets show top-view SEM images of tri-gate MOSHEMTs with FF of 0.5 and 0.8. The LGS, LG and LGD were 1.5, 2.5 and 10 µm, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-transfer-at-vd-5-v-and-b-output-characteristics-of-38oq12al.png Fig. 2. (a) Transfer (at VD = 5 V) and (b) output characteristics of the MOSHEMTs normalized by device width of 60 µm. The LGS, LG and LGD were 1.5, 2.5 and 10 µm, respectively, and the FF for the Tri-gate was 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-fabricated-tri-gate-moshemts-b-ixjeihl9.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the fabricated tri-gate MOSHEMTs. (b) Cross-sectional schematic of the tri-gate region. (c) Equivalent circuit of the tri-gate MOSHEMTs. (d)-(e) Top-view SEM images of the tri-gate MOSHEMTs. The inset shows SEM image of nanowires without dielectric and gate metal. https://scispace.com/papers/high-power-density-pyroelectric-energy-conversion-in-47r2bkmzrw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-pyroelectric-ericsson-cycle-on-2a7amqmb.png Figure 1. Illustration of the pyroelectric Ericsson cycle on an electric displacement versus electric field plot. The thermodynamic cycle consists of four steps. A → B: Increase in electric field at low temperature; B → C: increase in temperature at high electric field; C → D: decrease in electric field at high temperature; and D → A: decrease in temperature at low electric field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-microfabricated-device-and-setup-2eql75kp.png Figure 2. Schematic of the microfabricated device and setup used to implement the pyroelectric Ericsson cycle on a 200 nm thick BaTiO3 film. https://scispace.com/papers/high-precision-self-alignment-using-liquid-surface-tension-134gpczoij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-boxplots-of-assembly-results-showing-magnitude-of-2bx6m4nx.png Figure 16: Boxplots of assembly results showing magnitude of component misalignment in both x and y axis against binding site edge geometry for assembly cases falling within the ±100 µm threshold: a) xoffset, b) twist-offset, c) droplet misalignment. Asterisks indicate outliers in the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-sem-images-of-2-x-2-mm-assembly-structures-a-45deg-3dwtiwco.png Figure 17: SEM images of 2 x 2 mm assembly structures. a) 45° nominal edge geometry, b) 45° nominal with incorrectly manufactured edge geometry, c) top-down view of 105° structure, d) 135° structure clearly showing stepping of individual 25 µm layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sem-images-showing-defects-present-on-circular-1tx6v32t.png Figure 10: SEM images showing defects present on circular binding sites; a) and b) show Ø0.4 mm x 45° edge geometry, c) and d) show Ø0.6 mm x 45° edge geometry. White arrows indicate cracks in the structure caused by contraction due to evaporation in the curing process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-self-assembly-tests-carried-out-edge-1zx40quu.png Table 2: Summary of self-assembly tests carried out. Edge geometry represents actual angle, with corresponding nominal angle shown in square brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-assembly-results-for-x-offset-tests-a-scatter-plot-ifxjcj7x.png Figure 14: Assembly results for x-offset tests: a) scatter plot and b) box plot. Dotted lines indicate threshold regions of 25and 100 µm misalignment in the x-axis. Numbers in square brackets represent the nominal edge geometries. Asterisks indicate outliers in the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nominal-edge-geometries-of-topographical-structures-1ozl0kwo.png Figure 6: Nominal edge geometries of topographical structures. Blue region indicates liquid droplet placed on top surface of the structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-contact-angle-of-water-droplets-on-circular-binding-1dnkauec.png Figure 9: Contact angle of water droplets on circular binding sites for different nominal edge geometries. Error bars display standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-self-alignment-of-component-using-liquid-surface-qivoriti.png Figure 1: Self-alignment of component using liquid surface tension. a) Liquid droplet dispensed onto binding site and component moved into place, b) component comes into contact with liquid droplet and meniscus is formed, c) restoring forces act on component and it aligns to shape of binding site due to energy minimisation. https://scispace.com/papers/high-pressure-shock-behavior-of-wc-and-ta2o5-powders-2okbr6vkyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-micrographs-of-ta2o5-from-american-elements-1ipu6vfs.png Figure 2. SEM micrographs of Ta2O5 from American Elements showing (a) grain structure and (b) sub-grain structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-materials-and-hugoniot-states-for-2-stage-1v7skoj3.png Table 2. Details of materials and Hugoniot states for 2-stage gas gun experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-impedance-matching-diagram-in-the-p-up-plane-for-24vnrur1.png Figure 13. Impedance matching diagram in the P-up plane for Ta2O5 showing the determination of the Hugoniot state and the reshock state of the material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-views-of-the-lexan-cover-and-the-copper-driver-2mx24bqu.png Figure 5. Views of the Lexan cover and the copper driver piece prior to assembly showing (a) the interior and (b) the exterior of each. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-p-u-diagram-for-impedance-matching-between-cu-26i6fs81.png Figure 10. P-u diagram for impedance matching between Cu impactor and Ta2O5 sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-hugoniot-results-for-granular-and-fully-dense-wc-oryuqbvq.png Figure 17. Hugoniot results for granular and fully dense WC along with results from the P-λ model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-hugoniot-results-from-the-p-l-model-dashed-lines-ue4sa7ep.png Figure 16. Hugoniot results from the P-λ model (dashed lines) compared to experimental results for consolidated, granular, and aerogel [Miller et al., 2007] Ta2O5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-micrographs-of-ta2o5-from-cerac-showing-a-grain-19b4b1gi.png Figure 1. SEM micrographs of Ta2O5 from Cerac showing (a) grain structure and (b) sub-grain structure. https://scispace.com/papers/high-pressure-structural-changes-in-liquid-silica-3zb2oos0ij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-si-k-edge-xanes-spectra-measured-left-and-1ftkt9dx.png FIG. 2 (color online). Si K edge XANES spectra measured (left) and calculated (right) near 1 eV (up) and 3 eV (down). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-density-temperature-conditions-inferred-1d1mq2vq.png FIG. 1 (color online). Density-temperature conditions inferred from the shock timing and velocity SOP/VISAR data coupled to the hydrodynamic simulations along the isotherms 1 eV (in blue) and 3 eV (in red). Highly compressed SiO2 states were probed from either side of the Hugoniot. The green dots represent the conditions at which the ab initio simulations were performed. The orange lines represent the boundaries of the phase diagram proposed in [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-variation-with-density-of-the-si-o-pair-27u8o7bs.png FIG. 4 (color online). (a) Variation with density of the Si-O pair correlation function along the 3 eV isotherm given by the molecular dynamics simulations. (b) Variation of the coordination number for all the simulated conditions. Each color is associated to a temperature. (c) Energy shift of the energy of the 1s orbital with the density in the solid phases (dashed lines) and in the liquid (solid lines). The temperatures are indicated in the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-shift-of-the-first-maximum-position-blue-mijo6284.png FIG. 3 (color online). Shift of the first maximum position (blue circles) and foot K-edge position (red squares) as function of density. Plain symbols are experimental data and empty symbols are calculations. Left, results along the isotherm at 1 eV; Right, results along the isotherm at 3 eV. https://scispace.com/papers/high-pressure-study-of-the-structural-and-elastic-properties-1aay1duhpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-cation-anion-and-vacancy-anion-distances-a-3snz8xgn.png FIG. 5. Calculated cation-anion and vacancy-anion distances (a) and compressibilities (b) as a function of pressure for DC-HgGa2Se4. Solid (PBESol) and dashed (PBE) lines are used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-distance-compressibility-j-in-10-3-gpa-1-obtained-1norq32i.png TABLE III. Distance compressibility j (in 10 3 GPa 1) obtained from our calculations at zero pressure. For DC-HgGa2Se4, data of the Hg-Se, average Ga-Se, and vacancy-Se distances are shown. For HgSe, data of the Hg-Se distance are shown. For e-GaSe, data of Ga-Se and Se(1)-Se(2) distances are shown. Theoretical (th.) and experimental (exp.) values for B0 (in GPa) at zero pressure are also included. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-seven-cij-elastic-constants-in-gpa-for-dc-hgga2se4-yd4ug7qf.png TABLE IV. Seven Cij elastic constants (in GPa) for DC-HgGa2Se4. The set of six C0 ij (C 0 16¼ 0) elastic constants are also given. The elastic moduli B, G, and E (in GPa) and Possion’s ratio ( ) are given in the Voigt, Reuss, and Hill approximations, labeled, respectively, with subscripts V, R, and H. The B/G ratio and the shear anisotropy factor (A) are also given. The values for ja and jc have been obtained from the Sij elastic compliances tensor by using Eqs. (10). All given data has been calculated with the PBESol prescription at zero pressure. Calculated data for DC-CdGa2Se4 and DC-CdGa2S4 are also added. 63 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pressure-dependence-of-the-theoretical-pbesol-elastic-276lyjaz.png FIG. 6. Pressure dependence of the theoretical (PBESol) elastic constants of DCHgGa2Se4: (a) Seven Cij elastic constants and (b) Six C 0 ij elastic constants. Solid lines connecting the calculated data points are shown as a guide to the eyes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-room-temperature-xrd-patterns-of-hgga2se4-at-selected-tsip095e.png FIG. 1. Room temperature XRD patterns of HgGa2Se4 at selected pressures. In all diagrams, the background was subtracted. At 0.4 GPa, Bragg reflections are indicated with vertical ticks. Note that the (200) and (004) reflections are not seen because of their very low intensity which is less than 0.2% of the (112) peak intensity at 1 atm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experimental-and-theoretical-crystallographic-28etb7s1.png TABLE I. Experimental and theoretical crystallographic parameters of tetragonal (I-4, Z¼ 2) HgGa2Se4 at room conditions. Hg, Ga(1), and Ga(2) are located at the 2 a (0,0,0), 2 b (0,0,0.5), and 2 c (0,0.5,0.25) Wyckoff positions, respectively. The vacancy is located at the 2 d (0,0.5,0.75) Wyckoff position. The relative atomic coordinates of the Se anion located at the 8 g (x,y,z) Wyckoff position are given in the table. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lattice-parameters-of-the-dc-phase-of-hgga2se4-as-a-3oy58oti.png FIG. 2. Lattice parameters of the DC phase of HgGa2Se4 as a function of pressure. Solid circles refer to experimental data. Ab initio results are plotted with solid (PBESol) and dashed (PBE) lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pressure-dependence-of-a-b-b-g-c-e-d-e-b-g-and-f-a-3btmtv1m.png FIG. 7. Pressure dependence of (a) B, (b) G, (c) E, (d) , (e) B/G, and (f) A. Squares, circles, and triangles refer to the Voigt, Reuss, and Hill approximations. A factor data are shown for /j¼ 0.76 . Solid lines connecting the calculated data points are shown as a guide to the eyes in panels (a) to (e). Solid line in panel (f) represents the behavior of A with pressure. https://scispace.com/papers/high-q-reflection-notch-method-for-mm-wave-measurements-of-2i0zacs1df 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-ptot-forward-pfw-and-backward-pbw-mm-wave-2yp4pcmt.png Figure 4. Total Ptot, forward Pfw, and backward Pbw mm-wave power fluxes (curves 1, 2 and 3, respectively) in the cell of Figure 1 at the frequency f = 33.5GHz close to the first branch-point frequency f01 = 33.00GHz when σ = 60 Sm/m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reflection-pref-transmission-ptr-and-absorption-2xgb4fk9.png Figure 5. Reflection Pref , transmission Ptr, and absorption Pabs power fluxes in the cell of Figure 1 computed as functions of liquid conductivity σ at the branch-point reflection notch frequencies f01 = 33.00GHz and f02 = 56.02GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-power-pref-of-reflected-wave-as-a-function-of-3w44o7qs.png Figure 8. Power Pref of reflected wave as a function of frequency f and conductivity σ of a test water solution in the cell of Figure 1 with air slots a = 11.0mm (the bottom edge of the computed domain corresponds to σ(ω) of pure water). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-power-pref-and-b-phase-phref-of-reflected-wave-as-33yhyh0m.png Figure 6. (a) Power Pref and (b) phase Φref of reflected wave as a function of frequency f and conductivity σ of liquid layer in the cell of Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-measurement-cell-made-of-a-four-plate-stack-bragg-3qruulnt.png Figure 1. A measurement cell made of a four-plate stack (Bragg) resonator with a layer of lossy liquid confined between the inner plates (d is the layer of liquid, p is the plastic plate, a is the air slot, and the arrows show the incident, reflected and transmitted waves). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reflection-pref-transmission-ptr-and-absorption-18p1vs4r.png Figure 2. Reflection Pref , transmission Ptr, and absorption Pabs power spectra of measurement cell of Figure 1 with liquid of permittivity ²(ω) = ²r + iσ/ω²0 at σ = 60 Sm/m and σ = 90 Sm/m (bold and thin curves, respectively) when ²r = 16, d = 0.5mm, a = 3.5mm, p = 0.85mm, ²pr = 3, and σp = 0.15 Sm/m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-power-pref-of-reflected-wave-as-a-function-of-14dr6u83.png Figure 9. Power Pref of reflected wave as a function of frequency f and air slots a in the cell of Figure 1 for measuring low conductivity of a model liquid (the plot shows the locations of minima of Pref computed at σ = 10 Sm/m). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-phase-of-reflected-wave-phref-as-found-by-assuming-xdw1uaq5.png Figure 7. Phase of reflected wave Φref as found by assuming the actual values of nr(f, σ) but accepting (a) ni = Im{n(f01, σ01)} at f01 = 33.00GHz, σ01 = 31.1 Sm/m and (b) ni = Im{n(f02, σ02)} at f02 = 56.02GHz, σ02 = 128 Sm/m. https://scispace.com/papers/high-redshift-dust-obscured-galaxies-a-morphology-spectral-3k9tnf0ec1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-additional-2008-observations-made-with-the-wide-4kxeyt7t.png Figure 4. Additional 2008 observations made with the wide-field camera (pixscale = 0.′′04 pixel−1). DOGs 12–14 were made in the LGS mode, while DOG 15 was made in the NGS mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optical-ir-color-magnitude-diagram-for-dogs-in-250tn7cu.png Figure 1. Optical/IR color–magnitude diagram for DOGs in Boötes (points). The DOGs in the AO sample are shown as diamonds. The data show both the sharp 24 μm flux limit and the color definition for DOGs. The AO sample spans the full range of DOGs in color–magnitude space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-same-as-figure-6-only-now-for-dog-13-the-single-3iq4ovd5.png Figure 7. Same as Figure 6 only now for DOG 13. The single Sérsic model (top row) is not a good fit. The three-component model, Sérsic 1 + PSF + Sérsic 2, is the best-fit model (middle row). The bottom row shows the same as the middle row, only the main galaxy is not subtracted. This third panel is surprising. The main galaxy is low surface brightness and not obvious until after subtracting off the companion, and yet it has five times the total flux of the companion. The PSF is associated with the main galaxy. Note, this set of images is zoomed out from the previous images to show a larger area (3′′ on side). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-keck-observation-run-summary-166zq7x1.png Table 1 Keck Observation Run Summary https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-observing-summary-1dsf7xlh.png Table 2 Observing Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-galfit-models-for-the-15-dogs-the-left-column-shows-3th499ba.png Figure 5. GALFIT models for the 15 DOGs. The left column shows the actual science data. The middle column shows the best-fit single Sérsic model from GALFIT (Peng et al. 2002). The right panel shows the residual difference between the two. Images are ∼1.′′5 on a side. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2007-keck-ao-observations-of-six-dogs-left-and-1jd939n6.png Figure 2. 2007 Keck AO observations of six DOGs (left) and their associated PSFs (middle). Contours are overplotted to demonstrate the differences between the galaxy and PSF. One-dimensional radial intensity profiles of the DOGs (solid line) and PSFs (dotted line) are shown (right). The DOGs tend to have more extended profiles than their associated PSFs. The box size is ∼1.′′5 on a side. DOGs 1–3 were observed with the narrow-field camera (pixscale = 0.′′01 pixel−1) in LGS mode, while DOGs 4–6 were observed with the wide-field camera (pixscale = 0.′′04 pixel−1) in NGS mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-wide-field-view-of-dog-9-reveals-a-second-object-2s53z9ji.png Figure 8. Wide field view of DOG 9 reveals a second object with a projected separation of 1.′′6 (∼13 kpc if both at z = 2). https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-3d-radiative-transfer-modelling-v-a-detailed-42hy2rv9ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-global-dust-heating-fraction-by-m-51b-against-relative-3i51vfmn.png Fig. 7. Global dust heating fraction by M 51b against relative distance separation from the centre of M 51a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-interacting-system-and-components-of-m-51-main-panel-22u89kfc.png Fig. 3. Interacting system and components of M 51. Main panel (bottom left): optical image of M 51, created by combining the SDSS u, g, r, i, z images. Small panels (top and right): 2D representations of the various model components. From left to right: a zoomed-in view of M 51a’s old stellar bulge, M 51a’s old stellar disc, a yni stellar disc, and a yi stellar disc. From top to bottom: a zoomed-in view of M 51b’s old stellar bulge, old stellar disc, and the combined dust distribution of M 51a and M 51b. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-various-radial-profiles-of-m-51-obtained-from-the-3d-2jko7adx.png Fig. 9. Various radial profiles of M 51 obtained from the 3D dust cell data. First column, from top to bottom: radial profiles of the dust heating fractions and the dust temperature for M 51a. The vertical green lines indicate the 3 kpc and 8 kpc radii. Second column, top: radial profile of fM 51b up to 20 kpc radii from the centre of M 51b; the blue line gives the location of the central region of M 51a. Second column, bottom: radial profile of the dust temperature of M 51b up to a radius of 2 kpc radii; the dashed lines passing though the points represent the running median. The points are colour-coded according to the same quantity as in the y-axis. The level of transparency indicates the point density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-simulated-images-with-observations-3olr2lai.png Fig. 5. Comparison of the simulated images with observations in selected wavebands for M 51. First column: observed images; second column: simulated images; third column: residuals maps between observed and simulated images (Fν, obs−Fν,mod/Fν, obs). Positive values (in blue) mean that the model underestimates the observed emission, and negative values (in red) mean that the model overestimates the observations. Last column: KDE distributions of the residual pixel values. The simulated images have the same pixel mask as the observed images. The colour-coding of the first two columns reflects a normalised flux density. The selected wavebands are GALEX FUV, SDSS r, IRAC 3.6 µm, MIPS 24 µm, PACS 160 µm, and SPIRE 350 µm. The vertical lines indicate the 0 (dashed line) and ±50 (solid lines) percentage levels of the residuals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-various-physical-maps-of-a-face-on-view-of-m-51-top-1omkvc18.png Fig. 8. Various physical maps of a face-on view of M 51. Top row, from left to right: SFR, stellar mass, and specific star formation rate spatial maps. Bottom row, from left to right: dust temperature, dust mass, and dust density spatial maps. All maps, except the dust temperature map, are in log-scale. All maps share the same pixel scale as the PACS 160 µm image: 4.0′′. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-relation-between-ssfr-and-fyoung-the-blue-points-1btrdmr0.png Fig. 11. Relation between sSFR and fyoung. The blue points represent the dust cells that belong to M 51a within a 10 kpc radius of its centre, and the orange points the dust cells of M 51b. The level of transparency indicates the points density. The red line is the fit through the points of M 51a with Eq. (7). The purple diamonds are the pixel values of M 51a, and the purple line is the power-law fit to that data from the model of De Looze et al. (2014). The black line shows the MS of galaxies as derived in Nersesian et al. (2020) by fitting the voxels of the radiative transfer models of six face-on late-type galaxies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dust-heating-maps-of-a-face-on-view-of-m-51-as-2m8ttohw.png Fig. 6. Dust heating maps of a face-on view of M 51, as obtained from the 3D dust cell data. Left panel: dust heating fraction by the old stellar population; middle panel: dust heating fraction by the young stellar populations; and right panel: dust heating fraction by M 51b. The rightmost map is shown on a log-scale, and the others are on a linear scale. The inner and outer green circles indicate the 3 kpc and 8 kpc radii, respectively. The red cross is the centre of M 51b. The gold circle indicates the extent of the dusty disc of M 51b at 2 kpc radius. All maps share a the same pixel scale as the PACS 160 µm image: 4.0′′. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-top-panel-panchromatic-sed-of-m-51-the-black-line-is-33afbyj6.png Fig. 4. Top panel: panchromatic SED of M 51. The black line is the best-fitting radiative transfer model, run at high-resolution. The green diamonds are the observed broadband luminosities of M 51 (see Table A.1). The red, cyan, and violet lines represent the SEDs for simulations with only the stellar components of M 51a: old, young nonionising, and young ionising stellar population, respectively. The orange line represents the SED of M 51b. The dust component, which includes the dusty discs of both galaxies, is still present in these simulations. Bottom panel: difference in dex values between the observations and the mock luminosities. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-ct-of-the-chest-in-children-and-young-adults-4u5eeij3ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-comparison-between-cerebral-mri-measurements-in-our-2ndjc6z4.png Table 21. Comparison between cerebral MRI measurements in our Low birth weight group vs. Control group (data not published). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-axial-t2-weighted-images-of-a-nineteen-year-old-ufy3lspx.png Figure 8. Axial T2 weighted images of a nineteen year old female a) measurement of frontal horn diameter b) left frontal horn depth c) occipital horn width and d) right occipital horn depth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-neonatal-characteristics-by-bpd-of-the-total-study-2zqn7s30.png Table 7. Neonatal characteristics by BPD of the total study population (n = 74). https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-prenatal-perinatal-and-neonatal-data-for-the-total-vcf1oaa3.png Table 13. Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal data for the total study group of 113 adolescents (49 males and 64 females) born with a low birth weight, by weight group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-b-illustration-of-a-classic-bpd-chest-radiograph-30np3pdr.png Figure 1a/b. Illustration of a) “Classic BPD” chest radiograph; rounded radiolucent areas and coarse strands of densities, in a girl, 3 months of age with GA 25 weeks and Birth Weight 840g and b) “New BPD” chest radiograph; with mild peribronchial cuffing in seven weeks old girl with GA 31 weeks and Birth Weight 1200g. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-the-initial-score-sheet-used-for-the-assessment-of-is6ughww.png Table 10. The initial score sheet used for the assessment of pulmonary change in adolescents and young adults born with GA 28 weeks or a birth weight 1000g (Paper 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-schematic-drawing-of-corpus-callosum-with-sub-26n0whkx.png Figure 9. Schematic drawing of Corpus Callosum with sub regions; genu (anterior third), truncus (middle third) and posterior third. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-inspiratory-hrct-image-of-the-right-lung-in-an-18-1t0pzpao.png Figure 11. Inspiratory HRCT image of the right lung in an 18 years old female, showing an area of mosaic perfusion, hypo-attenuation and small-calibre vessels. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-inline-video-aoi-for-printed-circuit-3uirhd9sy1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-representation-of-the-flying-probe-2cg6pw9z.png Figure 1. Simplified representation of the flying probe tester and its preceding Video-AOI unit. The camera array captures images of the PCA as it is transported into the tester. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-row-of-images-of-a-pca-on-the-conveyor-is-a6132u0e.png Figure 4. A row of images of a PCA on the conveyor is captured by seven cameras. The horizontal multiplicity is mh = 2.2. Cameras with an even index have a lower shutter speed setting, resulting in a darker image. This assures that each position on the PCA is visible in one bright and one dark image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-left-image-shows-a-part-of-a-pca-as-seen-by-a-37au8q0p.png Figure 3. The left image shows a part of a PCA as seen by a camera. The camera’s rotation was exaggerated for clarity. The white box represents the bounding box of a component. It can be seen that the CAD coordinate system is rotated and translated with respect to the camera’s pixel coordinates. The right image is a temporary image created for inspection. Its coordinates are aligned with the bounding box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calibration-board-placed-on-the-conveyor-belt-p6fr1ik7.png Figure 2. Calibration board placed on the conveyor belt underneath the camera array. The cross-shaped fiducial marks are printed onto the board so that each camera can see at least four marks. Their coordinates are specified in an arbitrary coordinate system which later constitutes the tester coordinate system. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-stratigraphy-of-the-northernmost-concentric-4hxigwuyzo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-14c-dates-in-the-sellevollmyra-peat-sequence-14c-2zwe3dn5.png Table 1. 14C dates in the Sellevollmyra peat sequence. 14C ages BP with 1 SD confidence intervals. ND /not determined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pollen-and-spore-percentage-diagram-and-macrofossil-5yh2t0rc.png Fig. 7. Pollen and spore percentage diagram and macrofossil diagram of the mire vegetation. Solid horizontal lines are PSIMPOLL pollen assemblage zone limits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wiggle-matching-of-34-ams-14c-dates-black-to-red-dots-3kllrmo3.png Fig. 3. Wiggle-matching of 34 AMS 14C dates (black to red dots), one conventional date and two historically anchored tephra layers (blue) of the Sellevollmyra peat sequence. See text. The upper panel shows the fit of the dates to the IntCal04 calibration curve (Reimer et al. 2004); the lower panel shows the age model with grey scales indicating the chronological uncertainty (Blaauw & Christen 2005). Red dates were identified as outliers (Blaauw & Christen 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wet-shifts-in-the-sellevollmyra-sequence-those-pbiobgzf.png Table 3. Wet shifts in the Sellevollmyra sequence. Those levels marked with an asterisk are considered ‘marked wet shifts’ with humification units below 0.25. ‘Dry shifts’ in the two columns to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-macrosubfossils-in-the-peat-interval-100-130-cm-3esf0nep.png Table 7. Macrosubfossils in the peat interval 100 130 cm below surface (5-ml peat samples), each vertical centimetre: /, 1, 2, 3; abundance scale, subjectively assessed * /14C dated level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-map-showing-the-position-of-sellevollmyra-16izpakx.png Fig. 1. Location map showing the position of Sellevollmyra (cross) at https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pollen-and-spore-accumulation-rate-influx-diagram-with-38m55myi.png Fig. 9. Pollen and spore accumulation rate (influx) diagram with PSIMPOLL zonation for terrestrial and mire vegetation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-calendar-year-estimates-of-the-hekla-4-and-lairg-a-32cu80o3.png Table 6. Calendar year estimates of the Hekla-4 and Lairg-A tephras obtained from the Sellevollmyra sequence compared with other studies from northwest Europe. Best age estimates in parentheses. * /midpoint ages. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-vehicle-headlamps-technologies-and-scanning-23ogxa2ti4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optical-system-setup-1w4xzd2q.png Figure 5: Optical system setup. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-values-for-the-diodes-19-21-2m7lw8fe.png Table 2: Characteristic values for the diodes [19–21]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-functional-structure-of-scanning-unit-2gncpnhn.png Figure 4: Functional structure of scanning unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-photo-of-the-laser-spot-in-prototype-setup-6-2t3le8sb.png Figure 6: Photo of the laser spot in prototype setup [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optical-output-power-and-wpe-vs-driving-current-zgivc3ny.png Figure 1: Optical output power and WPE vs. driving current characteristic of a green laser diode at fixed case temperature [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-images-from-working-prototype-6-uhoyyosp.png Figure 8: Images from working prototype [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-power-and-efficiency-of-the-laser-scanning-unit-1ttbpsz0.png Figure 7: Power and efficiency of the laser scanning unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-image-generation-techniques-for-vehicle-headlamps-e2fzonta.png Figure 2: Image generation techniques for vehicle headlamps according to [9]. https://scispace.com/papers/high-resolution-structural-genomics-reveals-new-therapeutic-j96nds32td 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-culture-specific-compartmentalization-of-smoc1-and-1t0uqgfu.png Figure 4. Culture-specific compartmentalization of SMOC1 and RGS6. (A) Relative expression of SMOC1 and RGS6. (B) Example of culture-specific compartmentalization in GSCs. Compartmentalization called at 50-kb, domains at 10-kb, and loops as the union of 5-, 10-, and 25-kb calls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-culture-specific-loops-promote-gene-expression-in-3k19gwpv.png Figure 1. Culture-specific loops promote gene expression in GSCs. (A) Heat map of loop scores for loops in the top 2% of variance between cultures. Top multicolored bar indicates clusters of loops with shared patterns of differential representation between the cultures. Loops called by HiCCUPS as 5-kb–100-kb resolution merged loops throughout this figure. (B) Enrichment for genes with elevated expression at culture-specific loops. Gray curve: frequency of detecting significantly elevated expression determined by 2000 permutations of randomly sampled expression values from genes with nonunique loops. Vertical bar: measured number of differentially expressed genes found overlapping culture-specific loops, expressed as Z-score. (C ) Hi-C contact maps for G523, G567, and G583 surrounding the QKI locus displayed at 5-kb resolution. Green track: superenhancers called using ROSE. Purple arc tracks: loops identified by HiCCUPS (union of 5-, 10-, and 25-kb calls) with thickness proportional to loop score. Cyan arc tracks: culture-specific loops to QKI present in G523. (D) Chimeric reads derived from the same DNA fragment that aligns to more than two loop anchors. (E) Expression of QKI in G523, G567, and G583 was determined by RNA-seq. Y-axis represents read counts normalized to G567 to give fold enrichment values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-genomic-rearrangements-cause-differential-63j54m8z.png Figure 2. Genomic rearrangements cause differential superenhancer interactions in GSCs. (A) Number of loops associated with local SVs. Loops called by HiCCUPS as 5-kb–100-kb resolution merged loops throughout this figure. (B) Loop length separated by SV status. SV-associated loops tend to connect genomic loci separated by a much larger apparent distance, although this is unlikely the true molecular distance following chromosomal rearrangement. P-values calculated by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (C) Hi-C contact maps assuming a standard chromosomal order indicate the formation of a ∼140-Mb loop connecting JAK1 to two superenhancers at the other end of Chromosome 1. The central gray region lacks signal throughout due to repetitive pericentromeric regions with ambiguous sequence alignments. Contact maps displayed at 250-kb resolution for the left panel and 5-kb resolution for the right panels. Loops represent the union of 5-, 10-, and 25-kb HiCCUPS calls. (D) Schematic indicating how a large inversion brings the superenhancers and JAK1 in close proximity. (E) Chimeric reads aligning to JAK1 and both superenhancers. Additional higher-order reads were detected, but not all are displayed due to redundancy. (F) Diagrammatic representation of the convergence of two SEs (SE1 and SE2) to the JAK1 locus in G523. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interplay-of-3d-genome-organization-and-chromatin-5ys8ere6.png Figure 3. Interplay of 3D genome organization and chromatin features in transcriptional control of stemness genes in GBM. (A) Genes ranked by the number of loops they contact. Only genes with at least two loops are displayed. Loops called by HiCCUPS as 5-kb–100-kb resolution merged loops throughout this figure. (B) Gene set enrichment analysis based on gene ranking in A. (C) Integration of Genome Browser tracks for ROSE superenhancer calls, CTCF ChIP-seq, H3K27ac ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, compartments (50-kb), domains (10-kb), and loops (union of 5-, 10-, and 25-kb calls) determined by Hi-C at the SOX2 locus. Cyan arc tracks indicate a hub of culture-specific loops in G523. (D,E) Relative expression of SOX2 and SOX2-OT as determined by RNA-seq. https://scispace.com/papers/high-salinity-in-molasses-wastewaters-shifts-anaerobic-2s832k6zk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-operational-parameters-of-uasb-hrt-with-constant-ta6itkje.png Table 3 Operational parameters of UASB-HRT, with constant molasses feed concentration, 665 and UASB-Conductivity, with constant HRT. OLR = organic loading rate. 666 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operational-parameters-of-uasb-5-5-set-at-low-ph-5-5-2jb72orq.png Table 2 Operational parameters of UASB-5.5, set at low pH 5.5, and UASB-6.5, set at low 662 pH 6.5. OLR = organic loading rate. 663 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-potassium-concentration-in-a-experiment-1-and-b-27uz7ojs.png Figure 4 Potassium concentration in (a) experiment 1, and (b) experiment 2. 680 681 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conductivity-in-a-experiment-1-and-b-experiment-2-1iufr0gw.png Figure 3 Conductivity in (a) experiment 1, and (b) experiment 2. 677 678 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-particle-size-distribution-of-the-inoculum-sludge-wgsz7qv0.png Figure 5 Particle size distribution of the inoculum sludge sample, and the final samples after 683 75 days of operation in UASB-Cond and UASB-HRT. 684 685 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-two-batches-of-undiluted-880dwayc.png Table 1 Characteristics of the two batches of undiluted molasses that were used during 658 experiment 1 and experiment 2. Each analysis was carried out in triplicate. BDL = below the 659 limit of detection. FW = fresh weight. 660 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-real-time-pcr-results-of-the-methanosaetaceae-3a4xl4lt.png Figure 6 Real-time PCR results of the Methanosaetaceae, Methanobacteriales and 687 Methanomicrobiales in (a) the Inoculum and final reactor samples of UASB-6.5 and UASB-688 5.5 in experiment 1, and (b) the Inoculum and final reactor and effluent samples of UASB-689 Cond and UASB-HRT in experiment 2. 690 691 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-volatile-fatty-acid-concentration-and-composition-1ozi6inv.png Figure 2 Volatile fatty acid concentration and composition profiles in (a) UASB-6.5 and (b) 673 UASB-5.5 in experiment 1, and (c) UASB-Cond and (d) UASB-HRT in experiment 2. 674 675 https://scispace.com/papers/high-skills-high-growth-is-tourism-an-exception-5cmedi00yx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-per-capita-gdp-levels-and-average-years-of-4qqomtrq.png Figure 4: Per capita GDP levels and average years of education https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gdp-per-capita-growth-rates-and-average-years-of-vvsy9yh2.png Figure 3: GDP per capita growth rates and average years of education https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-rate-of-gdp-1980-2005-different-sub-groups-34is4zaw.png Table 1: Growth rate of GDP (1980-2005): different sub-groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hours-worked-by-high-skilled-persons-engaged-share-wqpkv0ot.png Table 3: Hours worked by high-skilled persons engaged (share in total hours) EU15 (2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-average-values-1980-2000-unn4c932.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics (average values 1980-2000) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-international-tourism-receipts-1980-2005-10c5sn6p.png Figure 1: International Tourism receipts (1980-2005) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gdp-per-capita-growth-rates-and-tourism-4krxpl29.png Figure 2: GDP per capita growth rates and tourism specialization https://scispace.com/papers/high-temperature-350-c-thermochronology-and-mechanisms-of-pb-252l8k7awz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-u-pb-isotopic-data-feldspar-pbc-corr-1avl6ak2.png Table 1. U-Pb isotopic data (feldspar Pbc corr) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-comparison-of-theoretical-coloured-lines-and-3bjpi1zw.png Fig. 7. A comparison of theoretical (coloured lines) and measured (transects a-e in Fig. 4, coloured squares; internal uncertainties only) Pb loss profiles from core to rim in apatite (values in boxes are grain radii in µm). Theoretical calculations assume i) constant U concentration from core to rim (solid lines), which was confirmed in three grains (see Fig. 4), or ii) varying U concentration from core to rim (dashed lines enclosing a grey envelope), which was found in grains a and b (Fig. 4). a: Pb loss profile derived from the best fit t-T solution (Fig. 6b) reveals a significant spread in 206Pb/238U dates of > 60% between the cores and rims of the largest grains, which is resolvable and is confirmed by LA-MC-ICP-MS dating. No distinguishable variation in 206Pb/238U dates is found between the cores and rims of the smallest apatites. b: theoretical 206Pb/238U dates derived from isothermal holding at temperatures in the mid-point of the PbPRZ, followed by the lowest cooling rate permitted out of the bulk PbPRZ as constrained by the muscovite 40Ar/39Ar date, predict more Pb loss at the rims of the smaller grains than what is measured, and c: theoretical 206Pb/238U dates derived from isothermal holding at temperatures in the mid-point of the PbPRZ, followed by the highest cooling rate permitted out of the bulk PbPRZ as constrained by the muscovite 40Ar/39Ar date, also predict more Pb loss at the rims of the smaller grains than what is measured, d: slow cooling at a constant rate (1.25°C/My) does not match the profiles found from LA-MC-ICP-MS dating. This data set demonstrates the importance of using apatite grains that have radii of 60 µm or smaller, when attempting to resolve between slow cooling and reheating to temperatures within the mid-point of the PbPRZ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-u-pb-la-mc-icp-ms-isotopic-data-from-apatite-rz9jr25h.png Table 2. U-Pb LA-MC-ICP-MS isotopic data from apatite (leucosome RC42) https://scispace.com/papers/high-temperature-mechanical-behavior-of-tube-stackings-part-29apotzqe3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-inconel-r-c-600-36p9e3ul.png Table 1: Chemical composition of Inconel R©600. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gos-and-kam-maps-for-the-two-analyzed-samples-1-and-rn7e9jdk.png Figure 7: GOS and KAM maps for the two analyzed samples (1 and 21) and their corresponding color scale. GOS maps are top figures whereas KAM maps are bottom ones. Sample 1 is on the left whereas sample 21 is on the right. (d) Large vertical straight lines observed in the KAM map obtained for sample 21 only are artefacts resulting from the polishing process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-properties-of-inconel-r-c-600-identified-2ou6dj1w.png Table 2: Mechanical properties of Inconel R©600 identified experimentally from the tensile tests on single tubes. Samples 23 and 24 are mentioned in the table since their stress-strain curves are plotted in Figs. 3(b) and 4(b), but Em and σ0.2m could not be measured in those cases because of too noisy curves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mechanical-properties-of-inconel-r-c-600-identified-19ty2k8o.png Table 3: Mechanical properties of Inconel R©600 identified from the tensile tests on single tubes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stress-strain-curves-resulting-from-the-tensile-322dw494.png Figure 4: Stress-strain curves resulting from the tensile tests on the BHT single tubes and their fitted mechanical responses a) at room temperature and 600◦C b) at 800◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-for-the-tensile-tests-on-single-qqi1j2gh.png Figure 2: Experimental setup for the tensile tests on single tubes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stress-strain-curves-resulting-from-the-tensile-2zuaxfjj.png Figure 3: Stress-strain curves resulting from the tensile tests on both NHT and BHT single tubes a) at room temperature and 600◦C b) at 800◦C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-illustration-of-the-ebsd-analyzed-section-d1llexwt.png Figure 5: Schematic illustration of the EBSD analyzed section. https://scispace.com/papers/high-temperature-stability-of-a-commercial-terphenyl-based-2zrgp7quhv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-therminol-66-14-1c92xdy0.png Table 1. Characteristics of Therminol 66 [14] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-between-fresh-aged-and-literature-data-i769nrjs.png Figure 13. Comparison between fresh, aged and literature data [14] for Therminol 66 specific heat https://scispace.com/papers/high-temperature-study-of-flexible-silicon-on-insulator-fin-6k3y7z6mwf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fabrication-process-flow-a-fabricated-finfet-devices-3dgthsrm.png FIG. 1. Fabrication process flow: (a) fabricated FinFET devices on standard 90 nm SOI with 150 nm buried oxide (BOX); (b) PR coating for device protection during etch back process; (c) FinFET die etched back using back grinding technique; (d) FinFET devices on flexible silicon substrate (50 lm thick); (e) PR removal and final device testing and (f) digital photo of flexed FinFET with bending radius of 0.5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transconductance-curves-versus-gate-voltage-for-1farqer2.png FIG. 4. Transconductance curves versus gate voltage for unreleased and released FinFET at 25 C and 150 C. The gm peak decreases with increasing temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-low-field-mobility-curves-extracted-at-vds1-4-0-05-v-1r5wpmjl.png FIG. 5. Low-field mobility curves (extracted at Vds¼ 0.05 V from the Y-function method) versus temperature for unreleased and released FinFET. Mobility decreases with increasing temperature, caused by phonon scattering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-unreleased-and-released-finfet-a-gate-leakage-current-t1p52eew.png FIG. 3. Unreleased and released FinFET (a) gate-leakage current curves versus temperature and (b) GIDL versus temperature. Extracted values at Vgs¼ 1 V and curves are plotted on semi-logarithmic scale. A small increase of gate leakage and GIDL with increasing temperature is obtained. Band-toband tunneling is the dominant mechanism at the overlap gate-drain region. https://scispace.com/papers/high-throughput-fabrication-of-right-angle-prism-mirrors-4nbm8xtpnp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-digitally-coloured-scanning-electron-microscopy-of-1qs4sye2.png Figure 4. Digitally coloured Scanning Electron Microscopy of the prisms at the step 2 of the fabrication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-counterpropagating-beam-optical-tweezers-with-3d-2vwylswl.png Figure 1. Counterpropagating beam optical tweezers with 3D printed right angle micro-mirrors Rendered illustration of two right angle micro-mirrors that redirect two parallel beams to create a counterpropagating beam laser trap. A dielectric bead is optically trapped in the volume between the micro-mirrors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-side-imaging-proof-of-principle-of-a-3d-printed-2slohjyt.png Figure 5. Side imaging proof of principle of a 3D printed pedestal+bead in the middle of prisms a) Optical image view from the bottom b) Rendered bottom view c) Prism + bead assembly render viewed from the top https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fabrication-procedure-to-create-right-angle-prism-3a38j9mv.png Figure 2. Fabrication procedure to create right-angle prism mirror with selective metalization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-steps-of-the-computer-vision-algorithm-for-2h5o03iy.png Figure 3. Steps of the computer vision algorithm for automated alignment of the 3D printed protective layer. https://scispace.com/papers/high-throughput-cancer-hypothesis-testing-with-an-integrated-4bzyhh0wxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-high-throughput-3-d-cancer-immune-simulation-impact-of-2hqxbuez.png Fig. 5 High-throughput 3-D cancer-immune simulation: impact of migration bias and and attachment lifetime. We plot a heatmap for final live cell tumor count (blue is lowest, or most effective immune response; yellow is worst immune response) for varied migration bias (horizontal axis) and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hypothesis-testing-as-an-optimization-problem-if-25fbx8wt.png Fig. 2 Hypothesis testing as an optimization problem. If scientific users can (1) formulate a range of hypotheses, (2) supply an efficient 3-D mechanistic simulator (BioFVM+PhysiCell), (3) provide validation behaviors and/or data, and (4) supply an error metric, then the combined PhysiCell-EMEWS system can automatically explore the space of hypotheses, initiate simulations on HPC/HTC resources, collect data to evaluate the error metric, and then make further decisions on which hypotheses and parameter values to explore next. The framework iteratively sharpens https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-high-throughput-3-d-cancer-immune-simulation-impact-of-n7lz44is.png Fig. 7 High-throughput 3-D cancer-immune simulation: impact of attachment rate and and attachment lifetime. We plot a heatmap for final live cell tumor count (blue is lowest, or most effective immune response; yellow is worst immune response) for varied immune cell attachment rate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-physicell-emews-test-on-cancer-hypoxia-tumor-2vnr803c.png Fig. 3 First PhysiCell-EMEWS test on cancer hypoxia: tumor plots. Here necrotic cells (dead by oxygen starvation) are brown, non-cycling cells are blue, and cycling cells are green and magenta. Increasing the initial cell count increases the final cell count, but also increases the final dead cell https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-high-throughput-3-d-cancer-immune-simulation-impact-of-11j7ftqr.png Fig. 6 High-throughput 3-D cancer-immune simulation: impact of migration bias and and attachment rate. We plot a heatmap for final live cell tumor count (blue is lowest, or most effective immune response; yellow is worst immune response) for varied migration bias (horizontal axis) and immune cell attachment rate (vertical axis). Characteristic final tumor cross sections are labeled i-iv. The impact of both parameters was nonlinear https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-first-physicell-emews-test-on-cancer-hypoxia-analytics-14773yxy.png Fig. 4 First PhysiCell-EMEWS test on cancer hypoxia: analytics. Live tumor cell count (top) and live cell fraction (bottom) after 48 h, as a function of oxygenation conditions (each curve is a different condition) and initial cell count (horizontal axis). For intermediate oxygenation conditions, https://scispace.com/papers/high-wear-resistance-white-ceramic-glaze-containing-needle-38l52b73rz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-optical-properties-of-samples-l-stands-for-15fevjvo.png Table II.Optical properties of samples. L*: stands for luminance, n: refractive index and R: normal specular reflectance https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-volume-loss-and-wear-rate-values-w-obtained-for-fr-1ql96ex0.png Table I. Volume loss and wear rate values (W) obtained for Fr,FZr and FSZr when slid against pure alumina ball (S = 1500 m, FN =6N, V=180 r.p.m.). https://scispace.com/papers/higher-education-outcomes-graduate-employment-and-university-4dudnwpt25 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-university-me-and-95-ci-for-obtaining-a-1hjxqflv.png Figure 1: University ME and 95% CI for obtaining a qualification (OQ) - Males https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-university-me-and-95-ci-for-responding-r-to-the-fds-tqfgn188.png Figure 2: University ME and 95% CI for responding (R) to the FDS conditional on OQ - Males https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contd-summary-statistics-by-stages-in-the-efs-dueo8bka.png Table 1 (cont’d): Summary Statistics by stages in the EFS outcome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-university-me-rankings-by-efs-20w1rn03.png Figure 4: Comparison of University ME rankings by EFS conditional only on OQ vs conditional on OQ and R - Males https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-university-me-and-95-ci-for-efs-conditional-on-r-582qgfp7.png Figure 3: University ME and 95% CI for EFS conditional on R and OQ- Males https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contd-me-on-the-probability-of-responding-to-the-fds-13avm2kt.png Table 3 (cont’d): ME (%) on the probability of responding to the FDS (R) - Males and Females 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-by-stages-in-the-efs-outcome-52afl14f.png Table 1 (cont’d): Summary Statistics by stages in the EFS outcome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-university-me-and-95-ci-for-efs-conditional-on-r-39jpqfv6.png Figure 5: University ME and 95% CI for EFS conditional on R and OQ - probit model with selection - Males https://scispace.com/papers/highly-efficient-linear-power-amplifier-for-driving-fast-jfurorp0vu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-load-voltage-magenta-trace-110khz-and-multilevel-hy9p3mbc.png Fig. 11. Load voltage (magenta trace, 110kHz) and Multilevel voltages at supply rails (red and green traces) in the case of 47nF load and three different pulses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-load-voltage-magenta-trace-110khz-amplitude-of-130v-3bxikpdy.png Fig. 10. Load voltage (magenta trace, 110kHz, amplitude of 130V, 95nF load) and Multilevel voltages at supply rails (green and red traces) (20V/div, 1us/div) https://scispace.com/papers/higher-particle-form-factors-of-branch-point-twist-fields-in-1rvhonofab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-function-t-t-t-with-t-2-log-r-and-r-mr-in-these-332kqhcv.png Figure 1: The function ∆(t) := ∆T (t) with t = 2 log(r̃) and r̃ = mr. In these figures we show the behaviour of ∆T (t) along the renormalization group flow, from the infrared to the ultraviolet fixed point, for different values of the resonance parameter σ. Our results are consistent with (3.19) and c = 1 for the first plateau and (3.19) with c = 6/5 for the second plateau. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-four-particle-contribution-to-the-conformal-1t8uewhj.png Table 2: Four-particle contribution to the conformal dimension in the RT-model. The second column shows the difference between the values of the conformal dimension of the twist field corresponding to central charges c4 = 7/10 and c2 = 1/2. The third column shows the numerically computed four-particle contribution to the conformal dimension for θ0 = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-particle-contribution-to-the-conformal-dimension-1j4c9ld1.png Table 1: Two particle contribution to the conformal dimension in the RT-model. The second column shows the exact values of the conformal dimension of the twist field corresponding to central charge c3 = 1/2. The third column shows the numerical values of the same quantity in the two-particle approximation for θ0 = 20. https://scispace.com/papers/higher-perceived-life-control-decreases-genetic-variance-in-3nvp5ldz5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variance-in-chronic-illnesses-as-a-function-of-1l6mncz5.png Figure 1. Variance in chronic illnesses as a function of income. Vg genetic variance; Vn nonshared environmental variance. High and low control are 1.5 standard deviations from the mean for control, respectively. Shared environmental variance was 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variance-in-body-mass-index-as-a-function-of-income-1oxoo2de.png Figure 2. Variance in body mass index as a function of income. Vg genetic variance; Vs shared environmental variance; Vn nonshared environmental variance. High and low control are 1.5 standard deviations from the mean for control, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-demographic-information-1fnwn8wl.png Table 1 Sample Demographic Information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variance-in-body-mass-index-as-a-function-of-1bfnx4w4.png Figure 4. Variance in body mass index as a function of control. Vg genetic variance; Vs shared environmental variance; Vn nonshared environmental variance. High and low income are 1.5 standard deviations from the mean for income, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variance-in-chronic-illnesses-as-a-function-of-3h6s4zvr.png Figure 3. Variance in chronic illnesses as a function of control. Vg genetic variance; Vn nonshared environmental variance. High and low income are 1.5 standard deviations from the mean for income, respectively. Shared environmental variance was 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-gene-environment-correlations-at-mean-and-at-high-t6yiv22g.png Table 5 Gene–Environment Correlations at Mean and at High and Low Levels of Moderators https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-study-variables-and-monozygotic-2czbgds8.png Table 2 Correlations Between Study Variables and Monozygotic (MZ) and Dizygotic (DZ) Twins https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-parameters-for-selected-gene-environment-o6o6ciiq.png Table 4 Estimated Parameters for Selected Gene Environment Interaction Models for Chronic Illnesses and Body Mass Index (BMI) https://scispace.com/papers/highly-efficient-nonradiative-energy-transfer-from-colloidal-3xwtx5k340 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-ple-spectra-of-the-only-donor-qds-blue-line-and-nzoe04wh.png Figure 6. a) PLE spectra of the only-donor QDs (blue-line) and the only-acceptor NPLs (green-line) measured at their emission peak wavelengths (453 and 513 nm, respectively). b) Excitation spectra of the samples having different D/A ratio normalized at the e-lh transition peak wavelength (480 nm). The inset shows the enhancement in the excitation spectra of the hybrid donor–acceptor samples due to the NRET from donor QDs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-images-of-the-hybrid-solid-thin-fi-lms-of-the-uqzn5m29.png Figure 2. SEM images of the hybrid solid thin fi lms of the donor QDs (bright ones) and the acceptor NPLs having 0.01 D/A molar ratio for a) 500 nm and b) 100 nm scale bars. The yellow and blue arrows given in (b) point at the QDs and the NPLs, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-steady-state-pl-spectra-of-the-solid-fi-lms-of-only-2fmewhpe.png Figure 3. Steady-state PL spectra of the solid fi lms of only-donor (blue line), only-acceptor (green line) and donor–acceptor having D/A = 0.10 (red line) cases. https://scispace.com/papers/highly-multiplexed-oligonucleotide-probe-ligation-testing-56va4bcyh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multiplexed-snp-genotyping-of-sars-cov-2-grna-39cl451p.png Figure 3. Multiplexed SNP genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 gRNA directly from unextracted NP swabs. A. A probe pair is https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-universal-crasl-seq-assay-for-pathogen-associated-308c0frz.png Figure 2. Universal cRASL-seq assay for pathogen-associated RNA analysis. Each reference organism was https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-crasl-seq-method-a-a-ligation-probe-set-is-3uked8wl.png Figure 1. The cRASL-seq method. A. A ligation probe set is composed of a chimeric DNA-RNA 3’ acceptor probe and a phosphorylated 5’ donor probe. 20 nt target recognition sequences bring these probes adjacent https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-97qllt8a.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/highly-nuclear-spin-polarized-deuterium-atoms-from-the-uv-3vnw8pm3k6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sliced-ion-image-of-i-atoms-produced-with-the-3uof8lqo.png FIG. 3. Sliced ion image of I atoms produced with the polarizations of the photolysis laser (λ ¼ 270 nm) and the ionization laser (λ ¼ 303.6 nm) being (a) both right-circularly polarized (RCP), (b) left-circularly polarized (LCP) and RCP, (c) both linearly polarized parallel to the image plane X, (d) linearly polarized along X and linearly polarized perpendicular to the image plane Z, and (e) linearly polarized along Z and linearly polarized along X. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-for-the-b-parameter-for-the-d-and-i-atoms-from-3qqzb1kc.png FIG. 4. Results for the β parameter for the D and I atoms from the photodissociation of DI at 37000 cm−1 and the I aðkÞq ðpÞ parameters, which give hmJðIÞi ≈ 1.5 and hmSðDÞi ≈ −0.5. Error bars are 2σ confidence intervals, and the gray bars give the allowed range of the parameters. Theoretical predictions [23] are given for energies of 47000 (red diamonds) and 37000 cm−1 (gray circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-angular-momentum-projectionoa-1-4-th1-is-prepared-6ipfdaiq.png FIG. 2. The angular momentum projectionΩA ¼ þ1 is prepared from the DI (Ω ¼ 0) ground state, using σþ circularly polarized photolysis light, and is distributed to the angular momentum projections of the photofragments after photodissociation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sliced-ion-image-of-the-d-produced-by-di-2szmryys.png FIG. 1. (a) Sliced ion image of the D produced by DI photodissociation. The photolysis and ionization lasers counterpropagate along the 90°–270° direction, while the direction of their linear polarization is marked by the arrows. (b) Angular distribution of the ions corresponding to DIþ270nm→DþIð2P3=2Þ (points) and the fit with Eq. (3) (orange solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-of-the-spin-projection-expectation-values-of-2sm5lt74.png FIG. 5. Evolution of the spin projection expectation values of the electron hmSðDÞi (dashed line), the nucleus hmIðDÞi (thin solid line), and the sum (thick solid line) of the D atom due to the hyperfine interaction. https://scispace.com/papers/hindered-coarsening-of-a-phase-separating-microemulsion-due-4ewq8h7c6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-colloidal-comets-imaged-using-bright-field-3qcwf3po.png Figure 5. Typical colloidal comets imaged using bright-field microscopy after the sample has been warmed at 0.1 C/min to 36.5 C. Arrow in (b) shows the direction of travel. The PMMA particles (a,b) 0.15%w, (c) 0.5%w and clusters are falling out of a micelle-poor phase bubble as it rises to the top. Sample composition: Table 1, high. Scale bars (a,b) 50 μm; (c) 100 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-showing-the-particle-clustering-due-to-a-wetting-3lwfvu5q.png Figure 6. (a) Showing the particle clustering due to a wetting layer that is likely to be dodecane; (b) heterogeneous nucleation of a droplet, likely to include micelles, onto the cluster does not cause immediate redispersal; (c) subsequent redispersal of particles within the droplet. These cartoons can be compared with observations in Figures 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-an-extraordinary-liquid-liquid-foam-comprised-of-2ubljzal.png Figure 8. (a) An extraordinary liquid liquid foam comprised of micelle-rich domains that are nonspherical in a micelle-poor continuous phase formed after warming at 0.1 C/min to 37 C. Composition: Table 1, low; with 0.1%w of PMMA particles. Scale bar 200 μm. (b d) Suggested vertical stratification of the sample as the micelle-rich phase droplets grow. Open shapes represent micelle-rich domains; dots represent PMMA particles. (e) Change in local composition at the base of the sample indicated in relation to the binodal line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-showing-that-particle-filled-droplets-only-coalesce-tyy80knt.png Figure 7. Showing that particle filled droplets only coalesce extremely slowly. Composition: Table 1, high with 0.5%w PMMA particles. (a d) A time sequence beginning on the left at 36.5 C with 12 s between frames as the sample is warmed at 0.1 C/min. In total these droplets made contact repeatedly for 3 4 min prior to coalescence. (e g) Micrographs showing fluorescence from (e) colloidal particles, (f) micelles and (g) bright-field image respectively. Scale bars 100 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-microemulsion-compositionsa-2ydppfb6.png Table 1. Microemulsion Compositionsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sections-of-the-phase-diagram-of-the-sodium-dodecyl-14q2pi3b.png Figure 1. Sections of the phase diagram of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), water, pentanol, and dodecane system. Throughout the water/ SDS ratio is 1.552. Precise compositions of the points ‘high’, ‘critical’, and ‘low’ are given in Table 1. (a) Phase behavior with temperature and dodecane concentration; the system is equivalent to partially miscible binary liquids with a lower critical solution temperature. (b) Phase behavior on varying both the pentanol and the dodecane concentrations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-microemulsion-properties-in-the-absence-of-pmmaa-1qpwysto.png Table 2. Microemulsion Properties in the Absence of PMMAa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-two-bright-field-microscopy-time-sequences-both-31390hzb.png Figure 9. Two bright-field microscopy time sequences both beginning on the left at 37 C showing the slow aging of the biliquid-foam; 2 s between frames with warming at 0.1 C/min. Composition: Table 1, low; with 0.1%w of particles. As domain walls, comprised of micelle-poor phase and PMMA particles, rupture they retract only slowly. Scale bar 100 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/hints-for-a-turnover-at-the-snow-line-in-the-giant-planet-ybrqrcgvr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-left-panel-planet-occurrence-for-rv-survey-per-mass-1kcaoqtj.png Figure 9. Left panel: planet occurrence for RV survey per mass and orbital period bin. The color bar represents the completeness per planet. Right panel: planet occurrence for Kepler dr25 survey per radius and orbital period bin. The dots show planet candidates, color-coded by the survey completeness (in percent) at that location. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-extrapolated-gp-occurrence-rates-1hp3qbkn.png Table 2 Comparison of Extrapolated GP Occurrence Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-extrapolated-and-observed-direct-imaging-rates-at-3fy120rh.png Figure 5. Extrapolated and observed direct imaging rates at 10–100 au. The green panel represents the occurrence rates extrapolated using the single powerlaw fit to RV occurrence curves such as Cumming et al. (2008). The yellow panel represents the observed occurrence rates from direct imaging surveys such as Biller et al. (2013), Brandt et al. (2014) and Bowler et al. (2015). The blue panel represents the extrapolated occurrence rates using three- and fourparameter broken power-law fits to RV occurrence rates using epos (Mulders et al. 2018). Note 1. Upon extrapolation of the SAG13 baseline function to the same distances, we obtain an occurrence rate of 85.4%,which is higher than any of the predicted rates as well as the ones calculated in this paper. Note 2. The direct imaging rates (yellow panel) have a hidden mass distribution, which if assumed to be flat, cannot directly be compared to our rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rv-survey-completeness-with-color-scheme-given-in-3s9upwvb.png Figure 1. RV survey completeness with color scheme given in the side bar. The completeness is calculated by linearly interpolating the completeness curves, which are from Figure 6 of Mayor et al. (2011). The orange circles represent the 155 planets from the HARPS+CORALIE survey. The planet list and detection efficiency are available online in electronic format as part of the epos package (Mulders 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gp-occurrence-rate-as-a-function-of-orbital-period-1j37a3nj.png Figure 2. GP occurrence rate as a function of orbital period (in days) for RV (dark solid green curve) and Kepler (dark solid purple curve) with the mass/ radius ranges used in this paper. The pale dotted green curve represents the RV occurrence rate in the mass range used by Mayor et al. (2011) whereas the pale dotted purple curve is for the Kepler radius range used in the SAG13 study. Note that the Kepler pipeline is less complete, hence less reliable, in the longest period bin (300–1000 days), see, e.g., Schmitt et al. (2017) and Thompson et al. (2018). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-left-panel-sag13-fit-shown-in-comparison-with-2eqaaesz.png Figure 11. Left panel: SAG13 fit shown in comparison with Kepler dr25 occurrence curve (solid purple curve) calculated in this paper. The pale dotted purple curve is the SAG13 occurrence curve with different radius bins (3.4–17 R⊕) to the ones used in this paper (5–20 R⊕). Right panel: Cumming et al. (2008) fit shown in comparison with the RV occurrence curve (solid green curve) calculated in this paper. The pale dotted green curve is the Cumming et al. (2008) occurrence curve with different mass bins (90–6000 M⊕) to the ones used in this paper (30–6000 M⊕). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-ida-et-al-2018-model-dark-blue-3la458tr.png Figure 6. Comparison of the Ida et al. (2018) model (dark blue) and the RV occurrence rate (green curve). Top panel: classical model scaled up by a factor of 2.5 (light blue) to show the similarities in the slope of both distributions. Bottom panel: the new model scaled down by a factor of 0.5 (light blue) to show the overlap in the region where both curves turnover. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-epos-corner-plot-showing-the-projections-of-the-shpt0yki.png Figure 10. epos corner plot showing the projections of the likelihood function for the five parameters that define the two-dimensional broken power-law occurrence rate vs. orbital period and planet mass. Blue lines indicate the initial guess. The corner plot was generated using the open-source Python package corner by Foreman-Mackey (2016). https://scispace.com/papers/hip-knee-control-for-gait-assistance-with-powered-knee-310z9m9gve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-knee-and-hip-curves-in-a-normal-gait-cycle-1phkh3dg.png Fig. 1. KNEE and HIP’ curves in a normal gait cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-knee-and-hip-relationship-with-linear-estimation-in-3be3tgmc.png Fig. 2. KNEE and HIP’ relationship with linear estimation in swing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hip-knee-model-verification-with-a-young-healthy-3jz6f0cy.png Fig. 4. HIP-KNEE model verification with a young healthy subject https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-scheme-of-pko-3thmtxwl.png Fig. 5. Scheme of PKO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-modeling-and-error-of-the-reference-knee-d2bctcjr.png Fig. 3. Modeling and error of the reference KNEE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mechanical-design-of-pko-1cfwsb3f.png Fig. 6. Mechanical design of PKO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-grounded-station-with-dummy-hip-joint-for-pko-testing-2ovs2ueh.png Fig. 8. Grounded station with dummy hip joint for PKO testing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-embedded-controller-of-pko-on-the-waist-belt-1296jtmq.png Fig. 7. Embedded controller of PKO on the waist belt https://scispace.com/papers/hippocampal-spatial-memory-representations-in-mice-are-1t76ed4g0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-wilcoxon-rank-sum-test-statistics-for-comparisons-3154bgqr.png Table 2: Wilcoxon rank-sum test statistics for comparisons between population vector 626 correlations in each spatial bin 627 628 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-method-for-making-population-vector-correlations-nj5hxw0s.png Figure 3. A, Method for making population vector correlations. B, Population vector correlations between trials of the same turn direction and task phase (gray), different turn directions (red) and different task phases(blue). Correlations in this panel B are generated from trials that occur on the same day. Shaded patch indicates 95% of points for the indicated correlation type in that spatial bin, trend line indicates mean. Statistic: Wilcoxon ranksum test on all points for these groups. C,D, Mean correlation for pairs of spatial bins over the course of recordings. Thin lines indicate individual animals’ correlations, bold lines are best fit regression. Statistic: Spearman rank correlation on points from all recording days. E,F, Correlations between trials on separate recording days for indicated pairs of spatial bins. See text and supplementary data tables for statistics. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p<0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportion-comparisons-splitter-neurons-wilcoxon-20aiw6e2.png Table 1: Proportion comparisons splitter neurons, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, on STEM and 622 ARMS 623 624 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-proportion-of-cells-that-are-still-present-at-2qvihfnm.png Figure 4. A, Proportion of cells that are still present at increasing day lags. Statistic: Wilcoxon signed-rank test. B, Proportion of each splitter type by what that cell was on the prior day of recording. C, Proportion of each splitting phenotype among each recording day’s set of previously inactive cells (from second recording day forward). Statistic: Wilcoxon signed-rank test. D, Changes in the distribution of splitting phenotypes among previously inactive over the course of recordings. Colored lines are individual animals, black line is best fit regression. Color of box indicates cell type as described by y-axis label. Statistic is indicated at right (Permutation test). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p<0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wilcoxon-rank-sum-test-z-and-p-values-comparing-each-3szx1zad.png Table 4: Wilcoxon rank-sum test z and p values comparing each population vector 632 correlation type across day lags for means of correlations in bins 7 and 8. 633 634 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-task-outline-each-trial-has-a-study-and-test-2vst6lvg.png Figure 1. A, Task outline: each trial has a Study and Test Phase, separated by a 20-second delay. Each trial is followed by a 15-25s inter-trial interval in the mouse’s home cage, adjacent to the alternation maze (not shown). B, Performance of individual mice (separate colors) over all days of recording. Only sessions with performance above 70% were included, excluded sessions are marked in red. C, Example viral expression and lens placement in dorsal CA1. Green is GCaMP6f-EYFP, blue is DAPI. D, Top: Activity maps for one cell (a turn splitter neuron; see Figure 2) over five days of recording. Each plot represents the average activity map for one task condition combination, ordered clockwise from top-left: StudyLeft, Study-Right, Test-Right, Test-Left. In each plot, the black trace is the animal’s recorded position, and colored dots indicate frames where the cell was active. Dots are colored based on the local event likelihood, normalized by local occupancy, where red is the highest event likelihood within that day and blue is the lowest. Bottom: Cell ROI masks for that recording day. Cell of interest is colored in green, and indicated with red arrow on first day shown. Masks were aligned across days based on relative positions of cells and cells were aligned based on the distance between cell centers and correlation of masks (see Methods). E, Same as D but for a cell with an activity field on one return arm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wilcoxon-rank-sum-test-z-and-p-values-comparing-each-3hqukchn.png Table 3: Wilcoxon rank-sum test z and p values comparing each population vector 629 correlation type across day lags for means of correlations in bins 1 and 2. 630 631 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-example-activity-maps-for-each-type-of-splitter-k9agq818.png Figure 2. A, Example activity maps for each type of splitter on the central stem. Warmer colors indicate higher transient likelihood. B, Proportions of splitter cells out of the total active cell population on each day for all animals. Box shows inter-quartile range and middle line shows median. Statistic: Wilcoxon signed-rank test. C, Distribution of centers-of-mass of event activity for Turn and Phase splitter neurons. Statistic: Mann-Whitney U-test. D, Proportion of splitter neurons in individual animals (unique colors) and group regression (black) over the course of the experiment. Color of box indicates cell type as described by y-axis label. Significance calculated with Spearman rank correlation between proportion of splitters and recording day number for all included sessions (n=38). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p<0.001 https://scispace.com/papers/hippocrates-first-do-no-harm-detailed-placement-1yjsdxaba5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-delay-and-arrival-time-of-a-simple-circuit-3mzhhr1o.png Figure 2: Delay and Arrival Time of a Simple Circuit https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-runtime-s-comparison-of-dp-tdp-and-hipp-189h5yxv.png Table 6: Runtime (s) comparison of DP, TDP and Hipp https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-twl-x-106-comparison-of-dp-tdp-and-hipp-1hy60eno.png Table 4: TWL (x 106) comparison of DP, TDP and Hipp https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tns-twl-improvements-for-hipp-iterations-26lytepe.png Table 5: TNS & TWL improvements for Hipp iterations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-size-technology-and-initial-timing-1kgevc35.png Table 1: Design size, technology and initial timing https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tns-ns-comparison-of-dp-tdp-and-hipp-34nq5u1i.png Table 2: TNS(ns) comparison of DP, TDP and Hipp https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wns-ps-comparison-of-dp-tdp-and-hipp-qsamjmdr.png Table 3: WNS(ps) comparison of DP, TDP and Hipp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-critical-path-and-delta-arrival-time-ue4ig77g.png Figure 1: Critical Path and Delta Arrival Time https://scispace.com/papers/histoire-naturelle-des-coleopteres-de-france-brevipennes-2otv4jcmsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-derniers-segments-de-l-abdomen-de-la-placusa-3rc0n3nt.png Fig. 1. Derniers segments de l'abdomen de la Placusa complanata cf. https://scispace.com/papers/hollow-electron-lenses-for-beam-collimation-at-the-high-zwxk1k1fnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-requirements-for-active-halo-control-at-the-hl-lhc-1guoiid1.png Table 2. Requirements for active halo control at the HL-LHC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-a-estimate-of-the-expected-beam-halo-removal-after-lqngbwm7.png Figure 17. (a) Estimate of the expected beam halo removal after 100 s for various HEL pulsing pattern. (b) Emittance evolution for different HEL pulse patterns. Solid and dashed lines represent the expected trend in the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cross-section-of-the-hl-lhc-thermionic-gun-3psz28ev.png Figure 11. Cross section of the HL-LHC thermionic gun, optimized for the small cathode design with outer radius of 8.05mm, from [37]. https://scispace.com/papers/holocene-coastal-notches-in-the-mediterranean-region-ongz4yfgmn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagrams-illustrating-how-the-interplay-32tw6m55.png Figure 2. Schematic diagrams illustrating how the interplay of tectonics and sea level can result in notch formation; a) Simplified Mediterranean sea-level curve (black solid line) and constant uplift of shoreline (grey) with a schematic cliff showing development of a notch when uplift rate = sea-level rise as indicated by the dashed black line. Notch formation takes place in the period indicated by the two arrows; b) two sea-level curves for the Mediterranean region (black) with tangential uplift rates shown in light grey (dashed), numbers in brackets indicate uplift rate in mm/yr for each straight line. Above the graph are the periods of notch formation for each uplift rate where period 1 correlates to the highest uplift decreasing in turn so that period 5 indicates the lowest uplift rate; c) theoretical notch height and form development for the 5 uplift rates shown in b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-illustrations-comparing-the-two-models-3sps42ou.png Figure 3. Schematic illustrations comparing the two models for notch development. In a) the tectonic model is https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-histogram-showing-frequency-of-samples-against-1a6cp8ya.png Figure 5. a) Histogram showing frequency of samples against age from notches around the Eastern Mediterranean in 100 year groups; b) Graph of calibrated radiocarbon age with horizontal error bars indicating the 2σ (95%) confidence interval against height of all notch data for the Eastern Mediterranean region. Grey bars on both graphs indicate the periods of proposed Holocene rapid climate change (RCC); c) Graph showing only the date for the highest erosional feature at each location, note how the majority cluster around 6000 yrs BP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photographs-of-marine-notches-from-the-20iuzdne.png Figure 1. Photographs of marine notches from the Mediterranean. A). ‘Mushroom rock’ with well-developed marine notch just above present day sea-level, Perachora Peninsular, Greece; B). A suite of five marine notches exposed at Mylokopi on the Perachora Peninsular, Greece; C). Example of a well-developed roof notch at 2 m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-holocene-palaeoshorelines-from-the-perachora-1e4zbnjj.png Figure 6. a) Holocene palaeoshorelines from the Perachora Peninsular studied by Cooper et al. (2007) and Roberts et al. (2009). Dashed lines show approximate positions of former sea level with the upper notch with Lithophaga at ~3 m absl dating to ~ 6000 yrs BP, the middle notch at ~ 2 m absl dates to ~ 2000 yrs BP and the lowest elevation notch at ~ 0.2 m absl was uplifted during the 1981 earthquake (Pirazzoli et al., 1994b; Roberts et al., 2009). The middle notch is ~ 0.35 m in height, while the lower notch is ~ 1 m in height suggesting that the lower notch may represent the cumulative effect of many small earthquakes over a long period of time. The central notch has height near that of the tidal range suggesting stable relative sea level during formation. Traditionally, three significant coseismic events, c, would be used to explain the separation between the distinct notch, n, levels (scenario shown in b), such as the 1981 event. In the new model, notch uplift is the result of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-map-of-the-eastern-mediterranean-showing-location-b38r17np.png Figure 4. Map of the Eastern Mediterranean showing location of Holocene raised shorelines (supplementary data) used to compile Figure 5. Plate margins and vectors from Papazachos et al., (1998, 2006). https://scispace.com/papers/homeostatic-plasticity-improves-signal-propagation-in-kfsebn9nnx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-signal-propagation-in-ctrnns-based-on-erdos-renyi-2t2v31q3.png Figure 6: Signal propagation in CTRNNs based on Erdos-Renyi random graphs. Networks are created by assigning afferent connections between each pair of nodes with fixed probability. Mean change in node firing rate in response to a random change in network input is shown for 10-node networks for P (Connection) ∈ [0.0, 1.0]. Mean changes in node firing rates in response to stimuli are increased by homeostatic plasticity: circle and square markers represent pre-plasticity and post-plasticity levels respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plastic-facilitation-depends-on-firing-rate-2p2s0fac.png Figure 3: Plastic facilitation depends on firing rate. Plasticity occurs when firing is outside a designated target range; the size and direction of the excursion from the range determine the rate and direction of plastic change. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-signal-propagation-in-fully-connected-ctrnns-after-1qkhife0.png Figure 5: Signal propagation in fully connected CTRNNs after homeostatic plasticity has been applied. Mean change in node firing rate in response to a random change in network input is shown for N-node networks for N ∈ {1, 3, 5, 10}. Mean changes in node firing rates in response to stimuli are increased by homeostatic plasticity: dark grey represents pre-plasticity level, light grey is post-plasticity increase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-signal-propagation-in-feedforward-networks-with-25-29ero8af.png Figure 7: Signal propagation in feedforward networks with 25 layers of 1, 3 and 5 nodes, shown as mean change in firing rate vector for each layer caused by a random change in network input. Layer 0 in the plots represents the input vector. Plots shown for networks before (dashed line) and after (solid line) homeostatic plasticity has been applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-different-network-topologies-used-to-test-signal-2o7tm4qk.png Figure 4: Different network topologies used to test signal propagation: (a) Fully connected. Example shown has 6 nodes. Each node has a self-connection and an afferent connection from every other node. (b) Random. Based on Erdos-Renyi scheme. Example shown has 6 nodes, with 50% probability of connection between each pair of nodes. (c) Feedforward. Example shown has 5 layers of 3 nodes. There are no backwards or lateral connections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-kinds-of-homeostatic-neural-plasticity-26p7hhhu.png Figure 2: Different kinds of homeostatic neural plasticity. https://scispace.com/papers/homogeneous-kahler-and-sasakian-structures-related-to-3cf3qltzml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-ah0-u-h-zhj-z-h-j-x-ar0ejet1.png Table III AH0 U H ZHj Z ′H j ξ https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-ah0-u-h-zhj-z-h-j-x-od9r71jq.png Table IV AH0 U H ZHj Z ′H j ξ https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a0-u-zj-z-j-8ul9m45m.png Table I A0 U Zj Z ′ j https://scispace.com/papers/homogeneous-quaternionic-kahler-structures-on-rank-three-49g8twc65p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-action-of-ja-a-1-2-3-on-t-p-36rn253a.png Table 1: The action of Ja, a = 1, 2, 3, on t(p) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-q-representation-t-u-end-u-pn0osixz.png Table 2: The Q-representation T : u→ End(ũ) https://scispace.com/papers/homogeneous-nucleation-at-high-supersaturation-and-wnnl7bqveg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-plot-of-a-thin-liquid-film-formed-on-a-wyfwcf6k.png FIG. 1. A schematic plot of a thin liquid film formed on a spherical solid particle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-dependence-of-the-reduced-chemical-potential-of-14h0jder.png FIG. 5. a The dependence of the reduced chemical potential of the liquid condensate b= − /kBT on the number of particles of small homogeneous droplets at T*=kBT / LJ=0.7. b The dependence of the reduced chemical potential of the liquid condensate b= − /kBT on the number of particles of small homogeneous droplets at T*=kBT / LJ=0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-the-reduced-laplacian-pressure-difference-p-p-d3-2sq5phjf.png FIG. 8. a The reduced Laplacian pressure difference p*= p d3 /6kBT as a function of the equimolar radius Re *=Re /d of the droplets of different types at T * =kBT / LJ=0.7. b The reduced disjoining pressure *= d3 /6kBT of different droplets vs the equimolar dividing surface Re *=Re /d at T*=kBT / LJ=0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-the-dependence-of-the-reduced-chemical-potential-of-28ai1aq1.png FIG. 7. a The dependence of the reduced chemical potential of the liquid condensate b= − /kBT on the equimolar radius Re *=Re /d of droplets formed on the foreign particle of radius R̃n=5.0d at T *=kBT / LJ=0.7. b The dependence of the reduced chemical potential of the liquid condensate b= − /kBT on the number of particles of droplets with two different sizes of foreign particles at T*=kBT / LJ=0.7. c The dependence of the reduced chemical potential of the liquid condensate b= − /kBT on the number of particles of droplets formed on the foreign particle of radius R̃n=5.0d at T *=kBT / LJ=0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-reduced-disjoining-pressure-d3-6kbt-of-small-2kdggnm4.png FIG. 3. a The reduced disjoining pressure *= d3 /6kBT of small homogeneous droplets vs the equimolar dividing surface Re *=Re /d at T* =kBT / LJ=0.7. b The reduced disjoining pressure *= d3 /6kBT of small homogeneous droplets vs two different dividing surfaces RE * =Re /d and R*=R /d at T*=kBT / LJ=0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-dependence-of-the-reduced-density-0-d3-0-6-at-the-x2qb3lhs.png FIG. 2. The dependence of the reduced density 0 = d3 0 /6 at the center of a homogeneous droplet on the dimensionless equimolar radius Re *=Re /d of the droplet at T *=kBT / LJ=0.7. The horizontal line represents the liquid density at phase coexistence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-formation-free-energy-in-units-of-kbt-of-droplets-19v81dzr.png FIG. 9. a Formation free energy in units of kBT of droplets formed on the foreign particle of size R̃n =5.0d as function of the number of particles of the droplet at T*=kBT / LJ=0.7 and different supersaturations. b Formation free energy in units of kBT of droplets formed on the foreign particle of size R̃n =3.5d as function of the number of particles of the droplet at T*=kBT / LJ=0.7 and different supersaturations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-formation-free-energy-in-units-of-kbt-of-small-a3cpf2jn.png FIG. 6. a Formation free energy in units of kBT of small homogeneous droplets as a function of the number of particles of the droplets at T* =kBT / LJ=0.7 and different values of supersaturation. b Formation free energy in units of kBT of small homogeneous droplets in the near-threshold region as a function of the number of particles of the droplets at T* =kBT / LJ=0.7. https://scispace.com/papers/homogenization-of-the-elastic-behavior-of-a-layer-to-layer-4g1epqax9b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-yarn-damage-in-the-raising-lowering-device-z3iq0cp8.png Fig. 8. Yarn damage in the raising/lowering device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-between-3d-numerical-and-2d-equivalent-13a52jiq.png Fig. 16. Comparison between 3D numerical and 2D equivalent analytical responses in tension of 1/2/4 cells in the weft direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-comparison-between-3d-numerical-and-2d-equivalent-36g7v8hz.png Fig. 17. Comparison between 3D numerical and 2D equivalent analytical responses in tension of one cell in the warp direction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mechanical-properties-of-constituents-and-1ur3c8jg.png Table 8 Mechanical properties of constituents and impregnated yarns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fiber-volume-fractions-in-the-whole-composite-and-3m10gptc.png Table 4 Fiber volume fractions in the whole composite and split into the warp and weft directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-macro-porosities-locations-in-the-weft-direction-11o54pnv.png Fig. 11. Macro-porosities locations in the weft direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-equivalent-lenticular-and-real-trapezoidal-weft-cross-2za6x0a4.png Fig. 12. Equivalent lenticular and real trapezoidal weft cross-sections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-microscopic-observation-of-cross-sections-of-the-wnf5y0ya.png Fig. 10. Microscopic observation of cross-sections of the interlock composite in the weft direction. https://scispace.com/papers/homologous-yeast-lipases-acyltransferases-exhibit-remarkable-50cuep4vkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-influence-of-temperature-on-catalytic-activity-of-acc4kkjp.png Fig. 2 Influence of temperature on catalytic activity of enzymes CpLIP2 (a), CtroL4 (b), AflaL0 (c) and CaLA (d) in condition without alcohol (black-filled circles (●) hydrolysis activity) and in transesterification condition with MeOH (black-filled triangle (▲)alcoholysis activity; white triangle (△) total activity (=alcoholysis + competitive hydrolysis)). Reactions were performed at desired temperature, pH 6.5 in the presence of 10 mM of ethyl oleate in PVA emulsion, and eventually 2.2 M methanol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distance-tree-of-the-proteins-of-the-cala-superfamily-24oztja6.png Fig. 1 Distance tree of the proteins of the CaLA superfamily, with its four families as described in the Lipase Engineering Database: (1) C. antarctica lipase A like; (2) C. albicans lipase like; (3) Aspergillus lipase like; (4) Malassezia lipase like. Enzymes highlighted in light grey, dark grey and black are respectively cold-adapted, mesophilic and thermophilic; Asterisk (*) enzymes with acyltransferase ability demonstrated in aqueous media https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-activation-energy-ea-for-each-catalytic-reaction-1secnjew.png Table 1 Activation energy EA for each catalytic reaction (hydrolysis in condition without methanol, transesterification and competitive hydrolysis in the presence of 2.2 M methanol) at a temperature range of 5–35 °C in the presence of each of the four enzymes tested: CpLIP2, CtroL4, CaLA and AflaL0 https://scispace.com/papers/hopf-structures-on-the-multiplihedra-5evii4kzwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-1-skeleton-of-the-multiplihedron-m4-23tv8xdj.png Figure 2. The 1-skeleton of the multiplihedron M4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-weak-order-on-s4-and-tamari-order-on-y4-3uacjlmu.png Figure 1. Weak order on S4 and Tamari order on Y4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-some-covers-in-m7-u77dtzws.png Figure 6. Some covers in M7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-representations-of-bi-leveled-trees-rcvuwpzc.png Figure 4. Two representations of bi-leveled trees. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-preimages-of-b-are-intervals-33dovvrs.png Figure 3. The preimages of β are intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/horizontal-orientation-facilitates-pollinator-attraction-and-53zsapvukl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-flower-angle-on-rain-susceptibility-9db9go9v.png FIGURE 4. The effect of flower angle on rain susceptibility in experimental Platycodon grandifloras flowers. The ratios of flowers whose flower base (a) and mating related organs or pollen (b) were soaked or wet after ca. 6.0 mm rainfall differed significantly among flower types (a, b; Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-number-of-remaining-pollen-grains-on-the-2b874y56.png FIGURE 3 Mean number of remaining pollen grains on the pistil hairs (a) and deposited on the stigma (b) for the experimental (Con, Up, and Down) flowers. Bars show standard errors. ***, P < 0.001; *, P < 0.05 by GLM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-numbers-of-approaches-a-and-legitimate-lqx86q51.png FIGURE 2 Mean numbers of approaches (a) and legitimate landings (b) by pollinators per 20 min per flower for the experimental (Con, Up, and Down) flowers of Platycodon grandiflorus. M and F show each sexual phase (M: male phase; F: female phase). ***, P < 0.001; n.s., P > 0.1, by GLMM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photos-of-experimental-flowers-of-platycodon-hytw3vyx.png FIGURE 1 Photos of experimental flowers of Platycodon grandiflorus: control (Con, a), upward-facing (Up, b), and downward-facing (Down, c) flowers. Main floral axes of Con and manipulated (Up and Down) flowers were prepared nearly horizontal and vertical, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratios-of-germinated-and-burst-pollen-grains-of-3kp7noc3.png FIGURE 5 Ratios of germinated and burst pollen grains of Platycodon grandifloras in sucrose solution with various concentrations. https://scispace.com/papers/host-adaptation-and-convergent-evolution-increases-42rfv2jgg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bacterial-strains-used-in-this-study-25bafc2v.png Table 1. Bacterial strains used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-maximum-likelihood-tree-of-1557-k-pneumoniae-strains-a-qeihxamt.png Fig 7. Maximum likelihood tree of 1,557 K. pneumoniae strains. A phylogenetic tree was built using a 2,253,033 bp long core alignment. Contextual information relevant to the collection was visualized using Phandango and includes ST (of which the major ones are indicated on the tree); GD or TD insertion in the loop L3 of ompK36, in black and red, respectively; presence or absence of ompK36, in orange and purple, respectively; presence or absence of ompK35, in orange and purple, respectively. Additional metadata include year(date) of isolation, in a gradient from purple to yellow; source and geographical region of isolation in a rainbow gradient; and presence of major beta-lactamases (bla) alleles identified, in dark blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-vitro-competition-experiments-in-k-pneumoniae-atcc-1hszq0va.png Fig 2. In vitro competition experiments in K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and 10.85 porin mutants. The relative fitness of porin mutants in comparison with parental strain (ATCC 13883 or 10.85) or between porin mutants was determined by competition experiments in co-cultures and expressed as a percentage of the mutant or wild type cells versus total population at each time point. In vitro growth conditions, MH broth with continuous shaking at 37˚C. Violet diamond, ATCC 13883 or 10.85 wild type strains. Orange square, ΔOmpK35. Red square, ΔOmpK36 mutant. Green square, OmpK36GD mutant. Blue circle, ΔOmpK35ΔOmpK36 mutant. Pink circle, ΔOmpK35OmpK36GD mutant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-antibiotic-mics-k-pneumoniae-atcc-13883-and-porin-3hwtqj2g.png Table 2. Antibiotic MICs K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and porin mutants. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-minimum-spanning-tree-of-1557-k-pneumoniae-strains-137k40a7.png Fig 6. Minimum spanning tree of 1,557 K. pneumoniae strains based on their MLST profile. Each circle corresponds to a distinct ST, with its size being proportional to the number of strains of that particular ST (for scale, ST258 contains 552 isolates). Within an ST, the proportion of strains harbouring either a GD or TD insertion in the loop L3 of ompK36 is shown as a sector coloured in red and pink, respectively. STs carrying these mutations are also circled in grey. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-real-time-rt-pcr-in-k-pneumoniae-atcc-13883-and-10-85-jc9jlsoj.png Fig 1. Real-time RT-PCR in K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and 10.85 porin mutants. The expression of rpoD was used to normalize results. The levels of expression of each mutant are shown relative to the wild type strain ATCC 13883 or 10.85. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-channel-restriction-of-ompk36-variants-comparison-of-23arssmm.png Fig 5. Channel restriction of OmpK36 variants. Comparison of the reference OmpK36 structure under PDB accession 5nupA (A) against predicted structural models of OmpK36 (B) and OmpK36GD mutant (C) from ATCC 13883, showing progressive restriction of the porin channel. The conformation visualised in panel B, in particular the loop 6 in yellow which can be seen partially obstructing the channel, is not associated with a carbapenem resistance phenotype, contrary to the GD mutant shown in panel C. Panel D consists of the multiple alignment of the 3 corresponding sequences, along with a representation of the predicted secondary structures designated as follows; B for barrel, T for turn, and L for loop. Signal peptide is not shown in 5nupA sequence (Panel D). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-carbapenem-mics-against-atcc-13883-and-porin-mutants-1vhxdhw4.png Table 3. Carbapenem MICs against ATCC 13883 and porin mutants with blaCTX-M-15, blaIMP-4 or blaKPC. https://scispace.com/papers/hot-mix-asphalt-using-c-d-waste-as-coarse-aggregates-82wno4fizh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wheel-tracking-test-1cu9l8si.png Figure 3. Wheel tracking test https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mechanical-test-results-2edh1ois.png Table 3. Mechanical test results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coarse-aggregates-recycled-from-c-d-waste-32jpxdsg.png Figure 2. Coarse aggregates recycled from C&D waste https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-marshall-stability-flow-ratio-a-lime-filler-b-391194rk.png Figure 6. Marshall stability-flow ratio. a) lime filler, b)cement filler https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-grading-curve-of-recycled-aggregate-2jbml16k.png Figure 1. Grading curve of recycled aggregate https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-aggregates-cgx9uxbb.png Table 1. Characteristics of the aggregates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-marshall-curves-lime-natural-filler-2xzcxa3o.png Figure 5. Marshall Curves, lime + natural filler https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-grading-curve-of-hot-asphalt-mixtures-mf7pkml5.png Table 2. Grading curve of hot asphalt mixtures https://scispace.com/papers/how-alkaline-compounds-control-atmospheric-aerosol-acidity-1bimm29atq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-evolution-of-particle-phase-fraction-of-total-kaftssr3.png Figure 3. Time evolution of particle-phase fraction of total nitrate as a function of pH over Europe (a), the eastern USA (b), and East Asia (c) during the period 1970–2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-evolution-of-annual-average-aerosol-1opi0bow.png Figure 4. Time evolution of annual average aerosol hygroscopicity (κ) as a function of pH over Europe (a), the eastern USA (b), and East Asia (c) during the period 1970–2020 at the lowest cloud-forming level (940 hPa). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolution-of-the-sulfate-production-rate-on-3ey761vm.png Figure 5. Time evolution of the sulfate production rate on aqueous particles from the SO2+O3 multiphase chemistry reaction as a function of aerosol particle pH over East Asia (a) and South Asia (b) during the period 1970–2020. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-near-surface-fine-aerosol-particle-ph-during-2hilm8cm.png Figure 1. Mean, near-surface fine aerosol particle pH during the period 2010–2015 (central panel). Surrounding panels show the temporal pH evolution during the period 1970–2020 at locations defined in Table 1. Black lines represent the reference simulation. Red and blue lines show the sensitivity simulations in which crustal particle and NH3 emissions are removed, respectively. Ranges represent the 1σ SD (standard deviation). The anomaly in 1991/92 is related to the Mount Pinatubo eruption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-seasonal-cycle-of-modeled-ph-during-the-37hy00jy.png Figure 2. Average seasonal cycle of modeled pH during the period 2010–2015 at locations defined in Table 1. Ranges represent the 1σ SD. https://scispace.com/papers/how-cosmopolitan-are-emojis-exploring-emojis-usage-and-4tbi76336q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tsne-of-nearest-neighbours-of-the-wavinghand-emoji-ti3mlugm.png Figure 1: tSNE of nearest neighbours of the wavinghand emoji for USA (left) and UK (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experiment-1-emojis-with-high-simall-indicated-as-kbxucshx.png Table 2: Experiment 1, emojis with high simall (indicated as sall in the table) on the top, and emojis with low simall in the bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experiment-2-pairwise-pearsons-correlation-between-29sca8i2.png Table 3: Experiment 2, Pairwise Pearson’s Correlation between similarity matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-15-most-frequent-emojis-across-the-four-1svlps92.png Table 1: The 15 most frequent emojis across the four languages studied. For each language, next to each emoji, we show the thousand of occurrences in the our dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experiment-2-pair-of-emojis-with-highest-similarity-3mfo54e3.png Table 4: Experiment 2, pair of emojis with highest similarity difference between two languages. https://scispace.com/papers/how-can-employment-relations-in-global-value-networks-be-4f81j12lhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gvn-as-a-plural-form-in-car-manufacturing-2qwynpuj.png Figure 1. GVN as a plural form in car manufacturing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-managing-multi-employer-relations-in-global-value-9t129ctn.png Table 1: Managing multi-employer relations in global value networks (GVN) towards social responsibility: Exemplary practices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-network-management-perspective-on-employment-32hqhqf7.png Figure 3. A network management perspective on employment relations in plural GPN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gvn-as-plural-forms-in-the-garment-industry-34sz6aot.png Figure 2. GVN as plural forms in the garment industry https://scispace.com/papers/how-can-hackathons-accelerate-corporate-innovation-28ubg8cykh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparing-the-closed-innovation-open-innovation-and-1yome9ql.png Fig. 1. Comparing the Closed Innovation, Open Innovation and Lean Innovation processes (adapted from [7] [18] [14]) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-methodology-for-organizing-co-creation-workshops-in-a-wnmtz2bj.png Fig. 2. Methodology for organizing co-creation workshops in a corporate setting [16] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-innovation-benefits-resulting-from-organizing-a-2m1bkohi.png Table 1. Innovation benefits resulting from organizing a hackathon https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-design-thinking-processes-proposed-for-a-two-day-rmnyazy6.png Fig. 3. Design thinking processes proposed for a two-day hackathon event [16] https://scispace.com/papers/how-dimensional-analysis-allows-to-go-beyondmetzner-otto-19bro8r20k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-picture-of-the-anchor-left-and-paravisc-r-ekato-3c72arjm.png Figure 2: Picture of the anchor (left) and Paravisc®-Ekato (right) mixing systems studied in Delaplace (1998). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-heat-transfer-of-different-temperature-sensitive-2gja2dai.png Figure 4: Heat transfer of different temperature-sensitive fluids in an agitated vessel equipped with a non-standard helical ribbon impeller transfer: Illustration of the shift effect inducedby the introduction of the viscosity numberVidefined in Equation (14):Nu/Pr0.333 versus Re (left) against Nu/(Pr0.333.Vi0.14) versus Re (right). These figures were plotted from the data published in the study by Delaplace et al. (2001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-shear-rate-fields-obtained-in-a-round-208ut3d4.png Figure 5: Numerical shear-rate fields obtained in a round-bottomed vessel equipped withaParavisc®-Ekato system in the caseof a viscousNewtonianfluid (μ=2.82Pa.s) and for a rotational speed N of 0.583 s−1: (a) in the vertical planewhich contains the vertical armsof the anchor, and (b) in a vertical plane located at 90° from the vertical plane which contains the vertical arms of the anchor (extracted from Delaplace et al. 2000b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-main-steps-for-determining-the-metzner-and-otto-39ywdkjn.png Figure 1: The main steps for determining the Metzner and Otto constant KS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-power-consumption-of-themixing-equipment-paravisc-r-6ijnqfn2.png Figure 6: Power consumption of themixing equipment Paravisc®-Ekato. (a) Power numberNp as a function of apparent Reynolds number Rea defined from Equation (2) using the Metzner–Otto concept (γ̇eff Ks.N). (b) Power number Np as a function of Reynolds number Re0, defined from Equation (37) with a reference shear rate equal to γ̇0 = 32 s −1, and of flow index n. (c) Comparison of the power number predicted and measured experimentally in the presence of shear-thinning fluids (reference shear rate γ̇0 = 32 s −1); the dotted lines correspond to the error lines± 25%. (d) Power numberNp as a function of Reynolds number Reg, defined from Equation (41) with a reference shear rate equal to γ̇0 N, and of flow index. Extracted from the studies by Delaplace (1998) and Delaplace et al. (2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-of-the-metzner-otto-constant-ks-with-the-2vydhf5d.png Figure 3: Variation of the Metzner–Otto constant, Ks, with the flow behaviour index of shear-thinning fluids, n, for the Paravisc®-Ekato system (extracted from Delaplace et al. 2000a). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2jnwhmmo.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gas-liquid-mass-transfer-in-a-stirred-tank-1ysnmv54.png Figure 7: Gas–liquid mass transfer in a stirred tank: comparison between the experimental dimensionless mass transfer coefficient (kla ∗) and those predicted by the process relationship where shearthinning fluids are described by (a) the Ostwald–de Waele model, (b) the Williamson–Cross model and (c) the Metzner–Otto concept (extracted from the study by Delaplace et al. 2014). https://scispace.com/papers/how-do-human-resource-management-practices-affect-employee-4lkh1zpe92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-moderation-effect-of-integrity-leadership-on-the-12jkxp35.png Figure 3. Moderation effect of integrity leadership on the relationship between HRMPs and EWB https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-analysis-of-each-variable-and-its-1jntsj8l.png Table 2. Correlation analysis of each variable and its dimension https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mediating-effect-of-organizational-justice-between-2lly518e.png Figure 2. Mediating effect of organizational justice between HRMPs and EWB https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-moderating-effect-of-integrity-leadership-2lw9om08.png Table 4. Moderating effect of integrity leadership https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-moderated-mediating-effect-1fwedjb8.png Table 5. Moderated mediating effect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-model-37v0yds8.png Figure 1. Theoretical model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-confirmative-factor-analysis-2vv3zwkj.png Table 1. Results of confirmative factor analysis https://scispace.com/papers/how-do-sovereign-wealth-funds-pay-their-portfolio-companies-35tqnqeoxs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pay-performance-relationship-and-ultimate-owner-2hcjkys1.png Table 6: Pay–Performance Relationship and Ultimate Owner https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shows-the-distribution-of-compensation-across-the-zsvv9h3t.png Table 3 shows the distribution of compensation across the KSE sectors. We can see that there are significant variations across the industries with the insurance sector having the lowest pay. The variation in wages across industries, however, is lower when looking at the median pay. This variation is most likely due to the significant firm size variation that is observed within some industries. https://scispace.com/papers/how-do-students-self-assess-comparing-student-self-2wqsxrb2pb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-e1ayu9ym.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-23ctz2k3.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3mum1dkm.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1wes6voe.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1gtqkbkv.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/papers/how-does-anisotropy-in-bedrock-river-granitic-outcrops-2cqkcszpik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-fields-of-dominant-processes-in-potholes-derived-from-ietm3j9m.png Fig. 11. Fields of dominant processes in potholes derived from UPV analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-study-area-red-dots-indicate-study-sites-336tx9mr.png Fig. 2. Study area. Red dots indicate study sites https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-clustering-of-data-from-ultrasound-analysis-in-non-5ltp671s.png Fig. 6. Clustering of data from ultrasound analysis in non-potholed outcrops. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-results-in-ultrasound-upv-statistical-analysis-for-472wvzex.png Fig 7. A. Results in ultrasound (UPV) statistical analysis for the three sites and B. Results in Schmidt hammer (HR) statistical analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-change-in-previous-conceptual-model-resulting-from-2wqky2vm.png Fig 10. Change in previous conceptual model resulting from new insights. Details in text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-upv-and-hr-values-for-potholes-at-the-three-sites-1fk5717c.png Table 4. UPV and HR values for potholes at the three sites, with standard deviation and total number of points in every pothole https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pictures-of-the-three-studied-reaches-a-site-1-in-c34mw0iv.png Fig. 3. Pictures of the three studied reaches: a. Site 1 in Manzanares River, b. Site 2 in Alberche River, c. Site 3 in Tietar River. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-hr-vs-upv-plots-in-all-selected-potholes-and-the-three-2nwl56ep.png Fig. 8. HR vs UPV plots in all selected potholes and the three studied sites. Circles represent populations clearly separated by UPV values. https://scispace.com/papers/how-does-the-fortune-s-formula-kelly-capitalgrowth-model-72jhda69qc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mean-std-tradeoff-bicksler-and-thorp-example-ii-9clysfkn.png Figure 11: Mean-Std Tradeoff: Bicksler and Thorp Example II https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-investment-opportunities-1dtfqgvq.png Table 1: The Investment Opportunities https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-wealth-statistics-by-kelly-fraction-for-the-2zs253rx.png Table 2: Final Wealth Statistics by Kelly Fraction for the Ziemba and Hausch Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-investment-proportions-and-kelly-fractions-for-bpq4msyt.png Table 5: The Investment Proportions and Kelly Fractions for the Bicksler and Thorp Example I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-trajectories-with-final-wealth-extremes-for-the-2bgnj0gj.png Figure 9: Trajectories with Final Wealth Extremes for the Bicksler and Thorp Example II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-highest-final-wealth-trajectory-for-the-ziemba-and-zgw8tpz2.png Figure 1: Highest Final Wealth Trajectory for the Ziemba and Hausch Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-final-ln-wealth-distributions-by-fraction-for-the-3iq9jt5r.png Figure 10: Final Ln(Wealth) Distributions by Fraction for the Bicksler and Thorp Example II https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wealth-statistics-by-kelly-fraction-for-the-ziemba-1grganzn.png Table 4: Wealth Statistics by Kelly Fraction for the Ziemba and Hausch Model https://scispace.com/papers/how-do-switching-costs-affect-market-concentration-and-a0mytiq789 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expected-hhi-2okiovpm.png Figure 4. Expected HHI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-paths-left-column-tipping-equilibrim-right-1umx0uun.png Figure 3. Time paths. Left column: Tipping equilibrim. Right column: Peaked equilibrium. Solid line: the larger firm. Dashed line: the smaller firm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effects-of-switching-costs-in-network-industries-2c8ipcfd.png Table 1. The effects of switching costs in network industries: a summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-peaked-equilibrium-v0-d-0-06-th-2-2-k-2-a5ilmksa.png Figure 2. Peaked equilibrium: v0 = −∞, δ = 0.06, θ = 2.2, k = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-firm-1s-policy-function-v0-0-d-0-05-k-0-3o1vvpe2.png Figure 6. Firm 1’s policy function: v0 = 0, δ = 0.05, k = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tipping-equilibrium-v0-d-0-06-th-2-2-k-1-je6wi03z.png Figure 1. Tipping equilibrium: v0 = −∞, δ = 0.06, θ = 2.2, k = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-price-d-0-06-1scqevqs.png Figure 5. Average price: δ = 0.06 https://scispace.com/papers/how-fast-can-a-distributed-atomic-read-be-44zygm37ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-partial-runs-pra-prb-prc-and-prd-30s0myq3.png Fig. 4. Partial runs: prA, prB, prC and prD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-partial-runs-pri-and-4pri-2d4i19dd.png Fig. 3. Partial runs: pri and 4pri https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-partial-runs-pri-and-4pri-fxxcgiq5.png Fig. 6. Partial runs pri and 4pri https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fast-swmr-atomic-register-implementation-with-r-s-t-2-127m45gi.png Fig. 2. Fast SWMR atomic register implementation with R < S t − 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fast-swmr-atomic-register-implementation-with-s-r-2-t-1c51p2uu.png Fig. 5. Fast SWMR atomic register implementation with S > (R + 2)t + (R + 1)b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-partial-writes-k-3-r-4-3445nf0q.png Fig. 7. Partial writes (K = 3, R = 4) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-partial-writes-wri-1tqi335z.png Fig. 1. Partial writes: wri https://scispace.com/papers/how-does-the-use-of-the-tablet-pc-contribute-to-teaching-and-1o8w0j1kl7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-growing-learning-opportunities-with-computer-2inj9ooi.png Figure 11: Growing learning opportunities with computer technology 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-relative-opportunities-for-learning-offered-by-34k5yy1s.png Figure 12: The relative opportunities for learning offered by Pen and Paper, Notebook and Tablet PC technologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-student-engagement-in-responding-to-1a7anvt1.png Figure 7: Example of student engagement in responding to steps involved in creating a graphical representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-thinking-learning-teaching-sequence-in-dimensions-326iic3c.png Figure 1: Thinking, Learning, Teaching sequence in Dimensions of Learning, (Marzano, 1992) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-aspects-of-formative-assessment-black-wiliam-2009-2evjh1y1.png Table 4: Aspects of formative assessment (Black & Wiliam 2009) ...................................... 104 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-learning-opportunities-from-non-computer-technology-1ywh3lqv.png Figure 4: Learning opportunities from non-computer technology and computer technology 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-of-learning-marzano-et-al-2008-qyy5cryp.png Table 1: Dimensions of Learning (Marzano et al. 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-relationship-between-pen-and-paper-notebook-3fs27nli.png Figure 12: The relative opportunities for learning offered by Pen and Paper, Notebook and Tablet PC technologies https://scispace.com/papers/how-generational-replacement-undermined-the-electoral-ed8jv0qwdd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-percentage-of-fianna-fail-voters-giving-fianna-3vgagjgy.png Table 7.1. Percentage of Fianna Fáil voters giving Fianna Fáil the maximum score (10) on PTV scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3-coefficient-of-dyadic-overlap-of-electoral-3rmazkpa.png Table 7.3. Coefficient of dyadic overlap of electoral preferences for Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2-ratio-of-unique-to-total-potential-electorate-of-p8zketxl.png Table 7.2. Ratio of unique to total potential electorate of Fianna Fáil (%) https://scispace.com/papers/how-household-portfolios-evolve-after-retirement-the-effect-3iwic6chs4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-households-suffering-health-shocks-by-3va1mcun.png Figure 2: Proportion of Households Suffering Health Shocks by Age https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dynamic-effects-of-health-shocks-on-positive-8m1u9ir5.png Table 4: Dynamic Effects of Health Shocks on Positive Holdings of Asset Class https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-simple-effects-of-health-shocks-on-asset-holdings-dukdqvca.png Table 3: Simple Effects of Health Shocks on Asset Holdings https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dynamic-effects-of-health-shocks-on-asset-shares-1qu00d4v.png Table 5: Dynamic Effects of Health Shocks on Asset Shares https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reasons-why-widow-shock-affects-asset-holdings-860d8syf.png Table 6: Reasons Why Widow Shock Affects Asset Holdings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-age-on-asset-holdings-15cz8l23.png Table 2: Effect of Age on Asset Holdings https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-household-assets-by-age-2002-hrs-in-2003-1iny9um2.png Table 1: Household Assets by Age, 2002 HRS (in $2003) https://scispace.com/papers/how-health-policy-shapes-healthcare-sector-productivity-s9d4eqtkq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-output-input-and-productivity-index-growth-1c727leq.png Figure 3. Output, Input and Productivity index growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-input-data-in-billions-of-euro-jhdqlls6.png Table 3. Input data (in billions of Euro). https://scispace.com/papers/how-is-supervision-recorded-in-child-and-family-social-work-45jr7x390s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nature-of-references-to-mothers-within-50-selected-32f5eo4o.png Figure 5. Nature of references to mothers within 50 selected case notes (percentage of total references). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nature-of-references-to-children-contained-within-1m25yc5c.png Figure 4. Nature of references to children contained within 50 selected case notes (percentage of total references). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-nature-of-references-to-concerns-about-children-gi4fpt9k.png Figure 9. Nature of references to concerns about children within 50 selected case notes (percentage of total references). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-breakdown-of-the-summary-information-contained-n3l9hzw9.png Figure 1. A breakdown of the summary information contained within 50 selected case notes (percentage of total references). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-word-frequency-in-244-case-notes-of-supervision-samh9e1l.png Figure 3. Word frequency in 244 case notes of supervision (including references to mothers, fathers and children by their names). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nature-of-references-to-concerns-within-50-selected-3n42klfx.png Figure 8. Nature of references to concerns within 50 selected case notes (percentage of total references). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relative-comparison-of-references-to-mothers-and-3anbtk9g.png Figure 7. Relative comparison of references to mothers and fathers within 50 selected case notes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-nature-of-references-to-fathers-within-50-selected-2vhmlpfv.png Figure 6. Nature of references to fathers within 50 selected case notes (percentage of total references). https://scispace.com/papers/how-late-to-pay-understanding-wage-arrears-in-russia-16jj6izvfu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wage-arrears-equation-with-firm-and-region-fixed-74unq6i3.png Table 4 Wage Arrears Equation with Firm- and Region-Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-inter-and-intra-firm-variation-in-2ail0py0.png Table 5 Determinants of Inter- and Intra-Firm Variation in Wage Arrears https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-impact-of-wage-arrears-on-labor-mobility-16l6jppv.png Table 8 The Impact of Wage Arrears on Labor Mobility https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effects-of-alternative-measures-of-firm-and-regional-3dm4s0pa.png Table 7 Effects of Alternative Measures of Firm and Regional Performance on Arrears https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-incidence-magnitude-and-state-dependence-of-wage-2j5su4dw.png Table 1 Incidence, Magnitude, and State Dependence of Wage Arrears https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-composition-and-wage-arrears-by-3hg8og14.png Table 2 Sample Composition and Wage Arrears, by Characteristics (1996) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-distribution-of-firms-by-the-fraction-of-1z5yfiyo.png Table 3 Frequency Distribution of Firms by the Fraction of Employees with Arrears https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-determinants-of-wage-arrears-full-sample-1995-96-1y7sgsn1.png Table 6 Determinants of Wage Arrears (full sample, 1995-96) Panel A https://scispace.com/papers/how-many-latent-classes-of-delinquent-criminal-careers-5ggal84lk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-9gses8n4.png TABLE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1zicngst.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2pqggo38.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3kihvxm7.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2udmirjc.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/papers/how-might-in-home-scanner-technology-be-used-in-budget-1re7bp6of2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-actual-and-predicted-household-level-budget-38hviw4m.png Figure 5.2. Actual and predicted household-level budget shares, by commodity, 2009 Bread and cereals Meat https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-food-and-drink-budget-shares-by-survey-2009-229lz1dw.png Table 4.4. Food and drink budget shares, by survey, 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-kantar-as-a-proportion-of-lcf-expenditure-2009-2ze9j998.png Table 4.3. Kantar as a proportion of LCF expenditure, 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-food-commodity-weights-lcf-kantar-and-cpi-2009-1lpv0y41.png Figure 4.5. Food commodity weights, LCF, Kantar and CPI, 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-weekly-expenditure-comparisons-lcf-and-kantar-3ksmedd8.png Table 4.5. Weekly expenditure comparisons, LCF and Kantar ‘uninterrupted’ sample 2009, by reporting of non-barcoded items https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-explanatory-power-r2-of-store-specific-commodity-2d3ss2jh.png Table 5.2. Explanatory power (R2) of store-specific commodity budget share model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-gross-weekly-expenditures-ons-and-survey-data-3nxpm1c2.png Figure 4.1 Gross weekly expenditures, ONS and survey data, 2002–2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-growth-rates-of-aggregate-expenditure-ons-and-1kykdclw.png Figure 4.2: Growth rates of aggregate expenditure, ONS and survey data https://scispace.com/papers/how-much-can-we-trust-maternal-ratings-of-early-child-2c68kitxfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-between-soep-sq-and-bsid-ii-31wmvp7s.png Table 2: Correlation between SOEP-SQ and BSID-II https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-soep-sq-and-bsid-ii-by-32gzlon9.png Table 3: Correlation between SOEP-SQ and BSID-II by Socioeconomic Risk Factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-soep-sq-bsid-ii-and-1ewyiyzz.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics for the SOEP-SQ, BSID-II and Sample Characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/how-much-do-investors-care-about-macroeconomic-risk-evidence-2notu7ofzo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-evidence-from-regressions-of-returns-on-an-3s0l6bbn.png Table 2 shows evidence from regressions of returns on an announcement day dummy together with controls. The regression coe¢ cients are estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS), and t-statistics are computed using Newey-West standard errors (with 5 lags, but our results do not change with di¤erent speci cations).17 Panel A is for the full sample of 13,091 days and Panel B excludes outliers using the same cut-o¤s as above. The rst column of each panel reproduces the di¤erence-in-means result of Table 1: the announcement day dummy has a signi cantly positive coe¢ cient. We then control for market return lagged one day and squared lagged market return. The coe¢ cient on the lagged market return is positive and signi cant, in accordance with previous work. Finally, we include day of the week dummies for Monday through Thursday. The presence of these dummies should absorb any impact on returns by di¤erent days of the week, which may stem from payment lags, higher or lower trading activity on particular days, or behavioral biases. We con rm that returns are signi cantly lower on Mondays (even excluding outliers) and otherwise nd no signi cant day-of-the-week e¤ects. The announcement day e¤ect remains positive and highly signi cant in all speci cations, although slightly lower once day-of-the-week e¤ects are included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-di-erence-between-announcement-day-and-non-23z714qu.png Figure 1. The Di¤erence between Announcement Day and Non-announcement Day Treasury Bond Excess Returns. The chart plots the di¤erence between the mean announcement day excess return and the mean excess return on other days for Treasury bonds of di¤erent maturities. Treasury bond returns are obtained from the CRSP Fixed Term Indices File. The di¤erence is expressed in basis points (bps). * and ** indicate statistical signi cance at the 5% and 1% levels respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/how-much-of-the-effect-of-exercise-and-advice-for-subacute-83twlp4grr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-235-15mz15pf.png Table 1: Baseline characteristics 235 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-participant-flow-chart-ex-exercise-ad-advice-pex-3gresibr.png Figure 2. Participant flow chart. Ex: exercise, Ad: advice, pEx: placebo exercise, pAd: placebo advice 223 224 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-size-including-95-confidence-interval-of-13e0c5tx.png Figure 4. Effect size including 95% confidence interval of average causal mediation effect (ACME), average 288 direct effect (ADE) and total effect for the model with the outcome disability and exposure advice and exercise, 289 exercise alone, and advice alone. Solid line: effects for intervention group, striped line: effects for placebo group. 290 Significant effects are visualized by a 95% confidence interval not including 0. 291 292 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-size-including-95-confidence-interval-of-141riwwc.png Figure 3. Effect size including 95% confidence interval of average causal mediation effect (ACME), average 267 direct effect (ADE) and total effect for the model with the outcome pain and exposure advice and exercise, 268 exercise alone, and advice alone. Solid line: effects for intervention group, striped line: effects for placebo group. 269 Significant effects are visualized by a 95% confidence interval not including 0. 270 271 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mediator-model-hypothesized-causal-mechanisms-with-3d07xyn7.png Figure 1: Mediator model. Hypothesized causal mechanisms with outcome pain and disability. The indirect 187 effect, or ACME, is the effect of the exposure (group allocation) on pain or disability, mediated by depressive 188 symptoms. The direct effect, or ADE, is the remaining effect of the exposure on pain or disability that is not 189 mediated through depressive symptoms. Path a is the effect of the exposure on depressive symptoms. Path b is 190 the effect of depressive symptoms on pain or disability. 191 192 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-depressive-symptoms-score-dass-245-2tfidd6h.png Table 2: Depressive symptoms score (DASS) 245 https://scispace.com/papers/how-partners-experience-personality-change-after-traumatic-4g5qlyvwit 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-participants-and-their-partner-w2ktxgy6.png Table 2 Characteristics of Participants and Their Partner https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-inclusion-criteria-g8itxeoq.png Table 1 Participant Inclusion Criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-themes-2k91u8ls.png Table 3 Main Themes https://scispace.com/papers/how-physicians-draw-satisfaction-and-overcome-barriers-in-2ap83eg5sh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-barriers-to-humanistic-practice-illustrative-themes-1wqie5go.png Table 3. Barriers to Humanistic Practice: Illustrative Themes and Quotes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-kegans-stages-of-professional-identity-formation-3m9jkcvd.png Table 4. Kegan’s Stages of Professional Identity Formation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-motivation-for-humanistic-practice-illustrative-1aobjy6o.png Table 2. Motivation for Humanistic Practice: Illustrative Themes and Quotes https://scispace.com/papers/how-quantifying-probability-assessments-influences-analysis-1ibfpvo981 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-responses-to-scenarios-national-security-officials-1wg6bui5.png Table 2a. Responses to Scenarios – National Security Officials https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-responses-to-scenarios-mturk-respondents-39ek3i38.png Table 2a. Responses to Scenarios – National Security Officials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-u-s-military-guidelines-for-expressing-184gd54s.png Figure 2. Examples of U.S. Military Guidelines for Expressing Probability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-distributions-of-respondent-brier-scores-39de5wc3.png Figure 3. Cumulative distributions of respondent Brier scores by treatment group https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relationship-between-quantitative-assessment-3oebrd49.png Table 5. Relationship between quantitative assessment, respondent certitude, and accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparing-distributions-of-qualitative-quantitative-1pdsjzv8.png Table 4. Comparing Distributions of Qualitative/Quantitative Probability Assessments https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predictors-of-brier-scores-1m3tvz6k.png Table 3. Predictors of Brier Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-support-for-proposed-actions-across-scenarios-3586lhpv.png Table 1. Support for proposed actions across scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/how-schools-influence-students-academic-achievements-a-s3z71gxhep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-private-and-public-schools-18geppsi.png Table 9. Private and Public Schools https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-of-student-characteristic-family-3azxj45w.png Table 4. Summary Statistics of Student Characteristic, Family and Academic Information https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-of-school-characteristics-number-1c5ctpml.png Table 5. Summary Statistics of School Characteristics (Number of Schools=77) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-school-quality-and-math-performance-i-3e33rlio.png Table 6. School Quality and Math Performance (I) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-and-effort-level-1rlls06l.png Figure 1. 𝐒𝐢𝐣 𝟎, 𝐪𝐣, 𝐫𝐣 and Effort level https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-school-quality-and-absenteeism-2aamb91c.png Table 10. School Quality and Absenteeism https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-respondents-grade-level-in-each-academic-year-34s9u32d.png Table 1. Respondents' Grade Level in Each Academic Year https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definitions-of-variables-13ep53ws.png Table 2. Definitions of Variables https://scispace.com/papers/how-robust-is-your-system-resilience-3t8fv9tgx4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resilience-robustness-trade-off-each-point-1z9i1nmv.png Figure 4. Resilience–robustness trade-off. Each point represents, µRsystem and µR<µ of the coupled system with a given policy. The black dots represent a set of Pareto-optimal policies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-mean-ursystem-and-the-below-mean-mean-of-vw4w52e1.png Figure 3. The mean, µRsystem , and the below-mean mean of Rsystem, µR<µ, over the entire decision space. (a) Surface of the resilience metric, µRsystem ; (b) Contours of µRsystem ; (c) Surface of the robustness, the below-mean mean (µR<µ); (d) Contours of µR<µ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-of-rsystem-of-a-cis-with-a-fixed-policy-c-ju2edhzx.png Figure 2. Variation of Rsystem of a CIS with a fixed policy (C,y) over 10 000 settings associated with uncertainty characterized by {g ∈ [75,125] ,w ∈ [0.75,1.25]}: (a)Rsystem surface and (b)Rsystem contours. The values ofRsystem are used to calculate the mean,µRsystem , and the below-mean mean, µR<µ. In this particular case, the resilience does not change much when g is greater than about 100, but becomes more sensitive to both g and w when g is lower than 100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resilience-metrics-for-a-specific-setting-a-g-w-2r4g68oi.png Figure 1. Resilience metrics for a specific setting (a g–w combination) inside the sustainable region in the policy space (i.e., C–y plane): (a) RPPC contours; (b) Rstability contours; and (c) Rsystem contours. The black star in panels (a), (b), and (c) indicates the policy with the highest RPPC, Rstability, and Rsystem, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/how-stimulation-speed-affects-event-related-potentials-and-2ss8b4agcp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-classwise-balanced-binary-classification-accuracy-a-22i5toin.png Fig. 3. Classwise balanced binary classification accuracy (a) for each subject and SOA condition. Simulated ITR (b) for each subject and SOA condition. Individual maximum values are marked with colored circle, individually preferred conditions are marked with a diamond. Average absolute difference (c) between the ITR in individually preferred SOA and individual optimal SOA. The whiskers show the standard deviation across subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-class-discrimination-maps-over-time-for-each-soa-onmgfdgv.png Fig. 2. Class discrimination maps over time for each SOA condition: ssAUC values at electrode Fz over time (a) and binary classification accuracy based on the mean amplitude of a sliding 50 ms EEG epoch with all electrodes (b). A close-up of the binary classification accuracy har for the SOA conditions 75, 87, 100 is shown in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-target-and-non-target-erps-maps-for-three-subjects-and-2skesqji.png Fig. 1. Target and non-target ERPs maps for three subjects and the grand average over all subjects at electrode Fz. Each image depicts the course of an ERP over time and each row corresponds to one SOA condition. All color legends are equal, with red colors coding for positive amplitudes and blue colors coding for negative amplitudes. https://scispace.com/papers/how-the-demographic-makeup-of-our-community-influences-2333fue7f0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-probability-of-trill-selection-in-experiment-1-as-a-35g6emx8.png FIG. 1. Probability of trill selection in experiment 1 as a function of proportion of Spanish speakers in the community (a) or proportion of Other Foreign Languages in the community (b), broken down by experimental condition. Bands indicate 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-probability-of-trill-selection-in-experiment-2-as-a-3fur1pso.png FIG. 4. Probability of trill selection in Experiment 2 as a function of proportion of other foreign language speakers in the community (a) or proportion of Spanish speakers (b), broken down by experimental condition. Bands indicate 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trill-and-tap-durations-of-speakers-in-experiments-1-umb20fus.png FIG. 3. Trill and tap durations of speakers in Experiments 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectograms-of-the-tokens-cara-i-e-with-a-tap-and-1uh1ocih.png FIG. 2. Spectograms of the tokens cara (i.e., with a tap) and carra (i.e., with a trill) from each of the speakers in our experiments. Top panels: native Spanish speaker (Experiments 1 and 2); middle and bottom panels: native English speakers (Experiment 2). https://scispace.com/papers/how-the-twain-can-meet-prospect-theory-and-models-of-3x25atb2g3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-predictions-for-cpts-constructs-when-1v83f5oa.png Table 2 Summary of the predictions for CPT’s constructs when accommodating heuristic choices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cpts-weighting-function-upper-row-and-value-functions-3djdkar4.png Fig. 3. CPT’s weighting function (upper row) and value functions (lower row) estimated for the choices of all five heuristics for problems with two-outcome gambles in which outcomes and probabilities were negatively correlated (see Table E3 in Appendix E for the parameter values). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-heuristics-tested-in-the-simulations-1xnlrlqf.png Table 1 Heuristics tested in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cpts-weighting-function-upper-row-and-value-functions-wk65punq.png Fig. 6. CPT’s weighting function (upper row) and value functions (lower row) estimated for the choices of all five heuristics for problems with two-outcome gambles using an extended parameter range (see the Supplemental Material for the parameter values). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cpts-weighting-functions-estimated-for-the-choices-of-2knxh4aa.png Fig. 2. CPT’s weighting functions estimated for the choices of the priority heuristic in problems with two-outcome gambles, separately for problems where the decision was based on the top-ranked reason (probability of minimum gain/loss) in 25%, 50%, or 75% of cases, respectively (the choice was otherwise based on the second reason: the probability of the minimum gain/loss). See Table E2 in Appendix E for the parameter values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-proportion-of-classifications-as-a-function-of-3e1kvihd.png Table 6 Proportion of classifications as a function of generating heuristic and error rate in the model recovery study. Correct recoveries are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proportion-of-classifications-as-a-function-of-2ewpxrtf.png Table 3 Proportion of classifications as a function of generating mechanism and error rate in the model recovery study. Correct recoveries are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-overlap-in-predicted-choices-between-the-heuristics-1mryq9c2.png Table 7 Overlap in predicted choices between the heuristics and CPT, using the parameter profile produced by the respective heuristic (see Table E1 in Appendix E). The overlap of the choices of the heuristic with those of its corresponding variant of CPT are in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/how-to-measure-patent-thickets-a-novel-approach-2v7fo7gm7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-number-of-triples-identified-relative-to-2dl48zof.png Figure 3: Average number of triples identified relative to 1000 patent applications in complex and discrete areas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-number-of-triples-identified-in-complex-and-fi4xcsco.png Figure 2: Average number of triples identified in complex and discrete areas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-presentation-of-the-structure-of-3g7ggkwv.png Figure 1: Schematic presentation of the structure of unilateral and bilateral blocking relationships between patent holders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patent-applications-and-the-distribution-of-triples-1s2rxgcn.png Table 1: Patent applications and the distribution of triples between 1980 and 2003. https://scispace.com/papers/how-to-assess-species-richness-along-single-environmental-pgzbspf9ej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representation-of-the-three-response-curve-methods-11kydrn9.png Figure 2. Representation of the three response curve methods on a gradient from realized to potential 418 species richness (adapted from Jiménez-Valverde et al., 2008). Numbers on the axis indicate the average 419 relative difference between the estimated and average observed SR for each of the response curve 420 methods. 421 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-field-based-species-richness-response-curves-for-ph-15uhh4oo.png Figure 1. Field-based species richness response curves for pH derived with the quantile regression method, 412 pooled samples method and the occurrence range method. Observed SR is plotted in gray. In the quantile 413 regression method the Gaussian model was selected as the most parsimonious model based on the 0.95 414 quantile (Table S1; Figure S1). Confidence intervals for the SR estimates derived with the pooled sample 415 method can be found in Figure S2. 416 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimum-ph-phmax-the-width-at-0-5-sr-width-sr0-5-and-189me0bf.png Table 2. Optimum pH (pHmax), the width at 0.5 SR (width SR0.5) and relative amplitude of the species richness 407 response curves, maximum SR (SRmax), average relative difference between the estimated SR and the 408 observed SR (RDest-obs) for each of the response curve methods. 409 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-mean-sd-median-min-max-and-various-1xzaq7so.png Table 1. Characteristics (Mean, SD, Median, Min, Max and various percentiles) of the measured pH values 403 and species richness for 4412 relevés. 404 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-environmental-quality-standards-for-ph-ph-eqs-2tg7q4pa.png Figure 4. Environmental quality standards for pH (pH-EQS) corresponding to the respective background 430 levels (pH-natural background) for each method. 431 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-f-ssds-for-the-relative-species-richness-r-sr-along-8n2r74dz.png Figure 3. f-SSDs for the relative species richness (r-SR) along the pH gradient for the quantile regression (y = -424 0.75(-1.13- -0.31)+0.54(0.32-0.74)x-0.04(-0.06- -0.03)x 2 https://scispace.com/papers/how-to-reveal-people-s-preferences-comparing-time-1n6ejvfw1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-link-between-mpl-representation-and-literature-153nxi4y.png Table 3 Link between MPL representation and literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-method-overview-19js6x2f.png Table 2 Method overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-correlation-coefficients-between-the-methods-2442c4lp.png Table 10 Correlation coefficients between the methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-testing-for-order-effects-no-significant-effects-2endk47a.png Table 11 Testing for order effects – No significant effects Dependent Variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-comparison-of-results-to-previous-studies-1hz9auge.png Table 12 Comparison of results to previous studies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distributions-of-risk-preferences-a-low-value-1iqb35qb.png Fig. 1 Distributions of risk preferences; a low value indicates risk loving and a high value indicates risk averse behavior; x-axis: switching points (e.g. risk preferences) of subjects, where 1 means a subject switches from left to right in the first row and 9 means a subject never switches; y-axis: frequency of switching point https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-stability-measures-bctsen6o.png Table 9 Stability Measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-similarities-across-all-methods-iv8c1ct6.png Table 6 Similarities across all methods https://scispace.com/papers/how-to-stimulate-single-mothers-on-welfare-to-find-a-job-57x517fcr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-inflow-outflow-and-first-differences-for-natives-khgcva87.png Figure A.1: Inflow, outflow, and first differences for natives Inflow into part-time work https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-welfare-spells-per-single-mother-2l5qsgm3.png Table 1: Number of welfare spells per single mother https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-heterogeneous-treatment-effects-1q5qpake.png Table 5: Heterogeneous treatment effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-treatment-effects-empirical-models-egzkrgkp.png Table 4: Treatment effects – empirical models https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-time-to-employment-and-outflow-from-welfare-22cfmiu1.png Table B.1: Time to employment and outflow from welfare https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-yearly-inflow-of-single-mothers-in-welfare-start-of-rbv6z9tn.png Figure 2: Yearly inflow of single mothers in welfare (start of new spells) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-budget-constraint-with-and-without-earnings-2wsh2idd.png Figure 1: Budget constraint with and without earnings disregard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-share-of-single-mothers-that-start-working-in-uppgavel.png Figure 3: Share of single mothers that start working in combination with welfare Inflow curves and first differences https://scispace.com/papers/how-ultranarrow-gap-symmetries-control-plasmonic-nanocavity-3to2lgk4dk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparing-molecular-coupling-figure-of-merit-for-3kv5bz4e.png Figure 5. Comparing molecular-coupling figure of merit for cube NCoM and sphere NPoM of same volumes. (a) Resonance frequency of NCoM modes (square dots) and NPoM mode (circular dots) with gap size. (b) Figure of merit for modes (color-coded as in a), dotted gray lines indicate Purcell factors 𝑃𝐹. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nanocube-vs-nanosphere-image-dimers-a-schematic-of-29r0wrpr.png Figure 1. Nanocube vs nanosphere image-dimers. (a) Schematic of Ag nanocube with 75 nm edge length placed on template-stripped Au with sub-5 nm molecular gaps. (b) Optical dark-field images of (top) nanocubes and (bottom) nanospheres placed on Au mirror with BPT and PVP spacers respectively. (c) Schematic of NPoM. (d-f) Scattering spectra from (d,e) 75 nm nanocubes with (d) 𝑑=10 nm SiO2 spacer, (e) 3 nm BPT spacer, and (f) nanosphere with 2 nm PVP spacer. Inset color maps show normalized nearfield intensity at the resonance wavelength, taken at the middle of gap; white lines indicate nanostructure edges. (g) Scattering from >200 nanoparticles of 75 nm Ag PVP-coated nanocubes placed on Au mirror with BPT spacer. (h) Near-field distributions of antenna (𝑙1) and waveguide (𝑠02) modes for (left) cube NCoM and (right) sphere NPoM (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-nanocavity-modes-with-gap-size-a-kbzvtiw2.png Figure 3. Evolution of nanocavity modes with gap size. (a) Experimental resonance positions (colored points) of 𝑠11 and 𝑗± modes for different molecular spacers in addition to PVP coating (see text, dotted lines are guides to eye). Background color map shows calculated spectra with gap size. (b-d) Scattering spectra obtained for different molecular spacers of 𝑑 (b) 3.5 nm, (c) 2.8 nm, and (d) 2.2 nm thickness. Peak positions are marked by color-coded dots as in (a). (e) Evolution of scattering cross sections from projections of Γ1 and Γ5 vs gap size. (f, g) Evolution of charge confinement vs gap size (𝑑 as marked) for (f) Γ1 and (g) Γ5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-from-nanocube-to-nanosphere-with-3-nm-gap-1zrw5zmm.png Figure 4. Evolution from nanocube to nanosphere with 3 nm gap. (a) Schematic of smoothly transforming nanocube of edge length 75 nm into nanosphere of 75 nm diameter by tuning the edge rounding parameter. (b) Simulated 3D FDTD scattering spectra obtained for nanostructures defined in (a). Resonance wavelengths of modes vary due to change in volume (𝑙1, green line) and edge length (𝑠𝑖𝑗, white lines) of nanostructure. Calculated resonance position of 𝑗+ and 𝑗− due to mixing between 𝑙1 and 𝑠02 modes shown as red/blue dashed lines. (c,d) Near-field intensities vs 𝜆, (c) at edge, and (d) at center of lower gap facet, resonant modes color coded as (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-nanocavity-resonances-of-nanocube-with-3-1ff1j4gp.png Figure 2. Simulated nanocavity resonances of nanocube with 3 nm gap. (a) FDTD scattering (black) and near-field spectra (purple) for 75 nm Ag cube on Au mirror with 3 nm gap of 𝑛=1.4, under normal (top) and perpendicular (bottom) illumination (insets). (b) BEM scattering full solution (orange) at 55° incidence, with projections from 1st (dashed green) and 5th (dashed gray) irreducible representations. (c) Charge distributions and decompositions at 𝜆𝑠 peaks in (b). (d) Amplitudes of 𝑗± modes and charge distributions to Γ1. (e) Angle dependent far-field coupling pattern for 𝑠02, 𝑠11 modes. https://scispace.com/papers/how-to-restore-sustainability-of-the-euro-286agxhb1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-difference-in-the-output-gaps-output-less-1ombd6i0.png Figure 9 The difference in the output gaps (output less potential) between the cases of weak and strong fiscal austerity* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-public-deficit-and-debt-in-a-high-debt-low-1gfsecx4.png Figure 6 The public deficit and debt in a high debt, low competitiveness EMU country under an adverse demand and supply shock and fiscal austerity, in relation to GDP (deficit on the left scale, debt on the right) (for explanations, see the text above) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-interest-rate-policy-by-the-ecb-as-a-reaction-flau0l20.png Figure 4. The interest rate policy by the ECB as a reaction to a positive price level, i.e., a negative comp titiveness shock in country 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-interest-rate-policy-by-the-ecb-as-a-reaction-2mwirh8w.png Figure 4. The interest rate policy by the ECB as a reaction to a positive price level, i.e., a negative comp titiveness shock in country 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-debt-ratio-in-the-country-2-for-explanations-33iet4w6.png Figure 7 The debt ratio in the country 2 (for explanations, see the text above) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-interest-rate-policy-by-the-ecb-in-the-two-fp76ydgo.png Figure 5 The interest rate policy by the ECB in the two scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-output-gaps-in-the-two-emu-countries-under-a-2wrogxzr.png Figure 8 The output gaps in the two EMU countries under a strong fiscal consolidation in c untry 1 (for explanations, see the t xt above) https://scispace.com/papers/hpobsam-for-modeling-and-analyzing-it-ecosystems-through-a-264v5pj6dp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-policy-synthesis-algorithms-12tsxlol.png Figure 6: The Policy Synthesis Algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-properties-for-detection-of-policy-conflicts-1917dche.png Table 3: Properties for Detection of Policy Conflicts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-of-the-runtime-verification-approach-2y3w7k1v.png Figure 7: Performance of the Runtime Verification Approach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-hierarchical-hypergraph-of-an-atv-4vb5i0n3.png Figure 2: The Hierarchical Hypergraph of an ATV https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-verification-results-329tqnlb.png Table 2: Verification Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-pobsam-specification-of-an-atv-3cykgxwb.png Figure 3: The PobSAM specification of an ATV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-typical-it-ecosystem-34x02uk7.png Figure 1: The typical IT Ecosystem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-method-check-of-an-observer-2qrgs3fb.png Figure 5: The method check of an observer https://scispace.com/papers/hpv-vaccine-uptake-in-men-who-have-sex-with-men-in-scotland-2cqbk1aawv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-uptake-of-hpv-vaccine-in-msm-within-scotland-by-age-ed9mjvlx.png Table 1. Uptake of HPV vaccine in MSM within Scotland by age group (patient 78 immunisation status was based on their most recent Gardasil prescription prescribed as 79 at 30 June 2018). 80 https://scispace.com/papers/hrtem-image-simulations-for-gate-oxide-metrology-3322eq6s6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-24shjzx1.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-model-structure-b-simulated-image-and-c-plot-of-2535gttb.png FIG 1 (a) Model structure, (b) simulated image and (c) plot of standard deviation versus y-coordinate for 10Å gate oxide structure at Cs=0.0 mm (specimen thickness = 154Å). https://scispace.com/papers/hubble-space-telescope-wfpc2-imaging-of-fs-tauri-and-haro-6-4vye04bvzq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4avy0mmf.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-esurface-brightness-contour-plots-of-fs-tauri-haro-6-1sw83fba.png FIG. 4.ÈSurface brightness contour plots of FS Tauri/Haro 6-5B in F675W (R band) and F814W (I band). The faintest contour in the R band is 23 mag arcsec~2 and 21 mag arcsec~2 in the I band. Contours are spaced by 1 mag arcsec~2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-er-band-r-i-and-i-r-images-of-the-haro-6-5b-disk-and-qciv75y3.png FIG. 5.ÈR-band, R[I, and I[R images of the Haro 6-5B disk and jet. The images are logarithmically stretched. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-eschematic-of-a-possible-distribution-of-light-and-1boosuld.png FIG. 7.ÈSchematic of a possible distribution of light and nebulae that could produce the observed images of the FS Tauri Ðeld. A bipolar cone of light is formed by the Haro 6-5B disk that illuminates the surrounding nebulosity. The intersection of the cone and the dark nebula creates the bright, conical nebula R1 and the arc-shaped nebula R2. The jet passes through the dark nebula, which creates its own shadow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-el-eft-wfpc2-f675w-r-band-image-of-haro-6-5b-right-1pv9tyb4.png FIG. 6.ÈL eft : WFPC2 F675W (R-band) image of Haro 6-5B; right : single-scattering disk model (PSF convolved) chosen to replicate the width of the obscuration lane and the curvature of the top and bottom surfaces of the disk. Images are logarithmically stretched. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eharo-6-5b-in-a-f675w-r-band-and-b-f814w-i-band-c-fs-9xuqyomy.png FIG. 2.ÈHaro 6-5B in (a) F675W (R band) and (b) F814W (I band) ; (c) FS Tauri A in the long exposure F814W (I band), with the short F814W exposure replacing the central pixels, scaled for contrast. All images are logarithmically scaled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1rrrsupa.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-emerged-f675w-r-band-and-f814w-i-band-images-showing-2cht8s0q.png FIG. 3.ÈMerged F675W (R-band) and F814W (I-band) images showing the large-scale features in the FS Tauri Ðeld, including the hourglass-shaped reÑection nebulosity centered on Haro 6-5B. The F675W image occupies the lower right-hand corner of the frame and shows the jet. Detector boundaries are visible as horizontal and vertical dark lines. The image has been logarithmically stretched. https://scispace.com/papers/human-cost-burden-of-exposure-to-endocrine-disrupting-2yckwby1tu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-findings-from-studies-estimating-societal-3gx5a0jy.png Table 1 Summary of findings from studies estimating societal costs attributable to EDC exposures (Trasande et al. 2015; Bellanger et al. 2015; Hauser et al. 2015; Legler et al. 2015; Hunt et al. 2016; Attina et al. 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-likelihood-scale-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-or0esqt6.png Table 2 Likelihood scale (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-framework-for-evaluating-probability-of-causation-wfivqrx4.png Table 3 Framework for evaluating probability of causation: comparison of the IPCC likelihood of occurrence/outcome terms (25) with those employed by Trasande et al. (2015) and derived publications (Bellanger et al. 2015; Hauser et al. 2015; Legler et al. 2015; Hunt et al. 2016) https://scispace.com/papers/human-freedom-and-enhancement-2vf79g0r5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-freedom-related-arguments-in-the-3cws4tpc.png Table 1 Overview of the freedom-related arguments in the moral assessment of enhancement interventions https://scispace.com/papers/human-episodic-memory-retrieval-is-accompanied-by-a-neural-1t1nruzazh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-visual-category-sensitive-units-showed-neural-1i9a19xb.png Figure 8. Visual-category-sensitive units showed neural recency and contiguity effects. a, Visual-category-sensitive units showed a neural recency effect. b, Visual-category-sensitive units showed a neural contiguity effect. Format is as in Figure 6, but with analyses restricted only to units that differentiated the category of the currently presented image during study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-for-definition-of-recency-and-contiguity-2scmdzup.png Figure 4. Schematic for definition of recency and contiguity. Analyses in this study compute the neural pattern similarity between pairs of events. These similarities are averaged over the experiment and aggregated as a function of recency or contiguity. a, Recency is defined as the difference in the serial positions at which two events took place. b, Contiguity is measured in units of lag. When a stimulus is presented as a recognition probe, lag is defined as the difference in serial positions between the original presentation of the probe stimulus. Comparison of a probe with the original presentation of that stimulus is associated with a lag of zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-enhanced-neural-similarities-during-test-neural-1yvndqza.png Figure 9. Enhanced neural similarities during test. Neural recency effects for study (filled circles) and test (open circles). The neural similarity was higher between test events than between study events over a wide range of values of recency. This advantage is consistent with the predictions of a retrieved temporal context model. Smoothed curves are from a LOESS regression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-behavioral-results-a-participants-successfully-28vmvooi.png Figure 5. Behavioral results. a, Participants successfully distinguished repeated probes from new probes. Shown is the probability of each response (1– 6) conditional on the ground truth; that is, whether the stimulus is old (blue) or new (red). Note that responses (1–3) for new (red) stimuli and responses (4 – 6) for old (blue) stimuli are correct, whereas the others are incorrect. Patients had good memory, as demonstrated by using the highest confidence rating (1 or 6) for about half of the new and old probes, respectively. Error bars indicate SEM across n 49 sessions. b, Behavioral ROC curves for each participant included in this study (gray lines) and the average ROC (heavy line). The ROC plots hit rate as a function of false alarm rate for each possible criterion; chance performance would be along the diagonal. These ROC curves are typical of item recognition studies, with a reliable asymmetry characteristic of episodic memories (see text for details). c, The 30 min delay between study and test successfully eliminated behavioral recency effect. The hit rate, here, the probability of an old probe receiving a highest confidence response, is shown as a function of each probe’s binned serial position during study. The slope of the regression line is not significantly different from zero. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-neural-jump-back-in-time-a-neural-recency-effect-piwy6b9x.png Figure 6. Neural jump back in time. a, Neural recency effect. Top, Schematic describing the definition of recency. For each presentation of a stimulus, a population vector was computed for the 2 s after presentation of the stimulus. This vector was then compared with the population vector from all preceding stimulus presentations and the similarity was aggregated as a function of the recency between the comparisons. Bottom, Population vector showing a recency effect changing (conservatively) to at least recency 30 during study, corresponding to 2 min. Smoothed curves are from a LOESS regression. b, Neural contiguity effect showing a jump back in time. Top, Schematic of the lag variable. For a test probe, similarity of the population vector after the test probe is compared with the population vectors of each study event. The similarity is aggregated as a function of lag, the difference between the original presentation of the probe stimulus and the other list stimulus; the lag to the repeated stimulus is zero. Bottom, To isolate the effect due to episodic memory, we calculated the difference between the similarity for pictures receiving a highest confidence response and pictures that were not well remembered (see Materials and Methods for details). This “memory advantage” is in units of a paired t-statistic. For clarity, a sliding binning procedure was used to plot the results for lags other than zero. Critically, the memory advantage is peaked around zero, falling off gradually in both the forward and backward directions, indicating a neural jump back in time associated with successful episodic memory retrieval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-neural-signature-of-retrieved-temporal-context-a-3dmjzeue.png Figure 1. A neural signature of retrieved temporal context. a, While experiencing a sequence of stimuli A–B–C, the brain is hypothesized to maintain information about the recent past at each moment. Because the recent past changes gradually, so too should this brain state. That is, the brain state after G should resemble the brain state after F more so than the brain state after C. This gradually changing representation is hypothesized to form a temporal context for the study items. b, Retrieved temporal context models hypothesize that an episodic memory is accompanied by recovery of the temporal context at the time that memory was encoded. When the participant remembers a particular event such as C, this reinstates the temporal context when C was experienced. This predicts that the brain state after memory for C should resemble the brain state during experience of the neighbors of C. The similarity should fall off with distance from C in both the forward and backward directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-behavioral-task-during-a-study-learning-phase-1nzvughz.png Figure 2. Behavioral task. During a study (learning) phase, participants were asked to learn set of pictures. To ensure that the patients were attending to the picture, they responded to an orienting task after each item. After a 30 min delay, participants were presented with a test list that included both stimuli from the study session and also new probes. For each, they indicated whether they thought they had seen an item before or not on a six-point confidence scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-neural-similarity-as-a-function-of-lag-for-old-6o28xhs1.png Figure 7. Neural similarity as a function of lag for old probes that received a highest confidence yes response (filled circles) and old probes that did not receive a highest confidence yes response (gray open circles). Statistical analyses confirm that there was a contiguity effect (inverted-V centered around zero) for remembered probes but an anti-contiguity effect (V-shaped centered around zero) for unremembered probes. All data points except lag zero were binned. A LOESS curve was fitted for each dataset. a, All units. b, Analysis restricted to units categorized as VS. https://scispace.com/papers/human-re-identification-system-on-highly-parallel-gpu-and-2f81ihvo1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-time-ms-of-component-procedures-2ni2km6s.png Table 1. Time[ms] of component procedures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-speedup-for-finding-generalized-eigenvalues-and-time-ux8cwybd.png Fig. 2. Speedup for finding generalized eigenvalues and time of Bisection algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-gpu-based-architecture-for-the-person-re-y69xiejo.png Fig. 1. The GPU-based architecture for the person re-identification. https://scispace.com/papers/human-renal-cancer-cells-express-a-novel-membrane-bound-3eiecda10x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mb-il-15-can-function-as-a-receptor-to-induce-emt-3211xo4j.png Figure 4. mb-IL-15 can function as a receptor to induce EMT in confluent RCC. A, analysis by immunocytochemistry in 6-d-old (d6 ) RCC cultures of expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1 and of the mesenchymal markers a-SMA and vimentin. Left, untreated RCC7; middle, RCC7 stimulated with 5 ng/mL of TGF-h; right, RCC7 stimulated with 100 ng/mL of s-IL-15Ra chain. Representative of three different experiments. B, Western blot analysis of E-cadherin, a-SMA expression, and pMLC activation in 6-d-old (d6 ) RCC cultures stimulated with 100 ng/mL of s-IL-15Ra chain or with 5 ng/mL of TGF-h. Membranes were rebottled with anti-a-tubulin antibody to check load charge control. Representative of three different experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mb-il-15-dependent-reverse-signal-is-locked-by-a-10w0lqng.png Figure 5. mb-IL-15–dependent reverse signal is locked by a cis association with membrane-associated IL-15Ra subunit. A, coimmunoprecipitation with an anti-IL-15 goat antibody L-20 on membrane fraction (Mb. fraction ) of RCC7 cell line. The immunoprecipitation membrane was probed by Western blotting with the same L-20 antibody. A single 27-kDa specific band was detected. The same membrane was subsequently reprobed with anti-IL-15Ra mAb 147. A specific band of f50 kDa was detected. No bands were detected with isotype controls (goat IgG). Representative of three different experiments. B, flow cytometry analysis of IL-15Ra membrane expression (mb-IL-15Ra, open peaks ) in human peripheral blood monocytes (used as positive control) and in RCC7 cells treated or not with acidic buffer (pH 4.0 at 4jC for 15 min). Isotype-matched antibodies were used as control (shaded peaks ). Representative of three different experiments. C, Western blot analysis of MAPK ERK1/2 phosphorylation in RCC7 cells. RCC cultures were stimulated or not for 15 min with increasing concentrations (1–100 ng/mL) of recombinant s-IL-15Ra added 3 h after acidic shock. PVDF membranes were reblotted with antitubulin antibody to check load charge control. Rrepresentative of three different experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mb-il-15-characterization-in-human-rcc-a-top-mqzigg2h.png Figure 1. mb-IL-15 characterization in human RCC. A, top, detection in human primary (RCC5-T and RCC7), metastatic (HIEG ), and virus-transformed (HK2 ) RCC of mb-IL-15 expression by flow cytometry (mAb 247-PE, open peaks ). Middle, sensitivity of mb-IL-15 (open peaks ) to acidic shock (pH 4.0 ) was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in RCC7 cells. The human erythroleukemic UT7 cells were used as control of expression of the mb-IL-15 form sensitive to this treatment. Bottom, the possibility that in RCC mb-IL-15 is a GPI-linked protein was studied by flow cytometry investigating the sensitivity of mb-IL-15 (open peaks ) to PI-PLC. CD59, a GPI-anchored protein, is used as positive control of PI-PLC cleavage. Isotype-matched antibodies were used as control (shaded peaks ). Representative of three independent experiments. B, detection of the IL-15 and gc chain transcripts in human RCC by RT-PCR. The human microcitoma cell line cell N592 was used as negative control, whereas human PBLs were used as positive control for gc chain expression. Amplification of the same cDNAs with h-actin specific primers is shown as loading control. Representative of three independent experiments. C, Western blotting with an anti-IL-15 goat antibody L-20, on total lysate (TL ) of RCC7 cells, of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes, and on increasing concentrations (0.01–3 Ag/mL) of the recombinant human IL-15. Representative of three different experiments. D, immunoprecipitation with an anti-IL-15 goat antibody L-20 on the plasma membrane fraction (Mb. fraction ) of RCC7, HIEG, and HK2 cell lines. The membrane was subsequently probed with the same L-20 antibody. A single 27-kDa specific band was detected, whereas the isotype control (Goat IgG ) did not detect any band. These results are representative of three different experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sensitivity-to-mmps-of-mb-il-15-on-human-rcc-a-flow-6poflim7.png Figure 2. Sensitivity to MMPs of mb-IL-15 on human RCC. A, flow cytometric analysis of mb-IL-15 expression (mAb 247-PE, open peaks ) on human RCC7 cells before and after 3 h of treatment with PVN (200 Amol/L) in the presence or not of the broad spectrum MMP inhibitor Phen (2 mmol/L) and 10 Amol/L specific inhibitors for ADAM17 (GW280264X ) and ADAM10 (GI254023X ). Inset, flow cytometric analysis of ADAM10 and ADAM17 membrane expression in RCC (open peaks ). Isotype-matched antibodies were used as control (shaded peaks ). These data are representative of three independent experiments. B, Western blot analysis with anti-IL-15 antibody L-20 on the concentrated supernatant (SNT) of RCC7 cells treated or not (Untr. ) for 3 h with PVN in the presence or not of broad spectrum (Phen ) and specific GW280264X and GI254023X MMPs inhibitors. Fresh medium was used as control (Ctr. medium ). Representative of three different experiments. C, comparison by Western blot analysis with anti-IL-15 antibody L-20, under stringent reducing and denaturing conditions in the presence or not of iodoacetamide (100 mmol/L), of the concentrated supernatant of RCC7 cells treated for 3 h with PVN and the rhIL-15 at 0.5 Ag. Representative of three different experiments. D, bidimensional electrophoretic profile of IL-15 in serum-free RCC7 concentrated cell medium after PVN treatment or in 0.5 Ag of rhIL-15. Immobiline DryStrips were rehydrated with 200 AL each and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis on a 3-11 NL pH gradient strip for the first dimension and then by SDS-PAGE for the second dimension and immunoblotted with anti-IL-15 antibody L-20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-induction-of-mb-il-15-dependent-reverse-signal-a-3knhu5kz.png Figure 3. Induction of mb-IL-15–dependent reverse signal. A, Western blot analysis of MAPK ERK1/2 activation, using an anti-pERK1/2 antibody after 15-min treatment of RCC7 with increasing concentrations (1–500 ng/mL) of s-IL-15Ra chain. B, time course Western blot analysis of MAPK ERK1/2, p38, SAPK/JNK, and FAK activation in confluent RCC cells stimulated with 100 ng/mL of s-IL-15Ra chain. Membranes were reblotted with ERK1/2, p38, SAPK/JNK, and FAK antibodies used as loading controls. Representative of three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-broadband-nirs-diffuse-correlation-spectroscopy-4kophta9qg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simultaneous-monitoring-of-changes-in-hb-hbo2-cco-2wx3apx0.png Figure 2: Simultaneous monitoring of changes in Hb, HbO2, CCO, and CBF in an animal model of hypoxia-ischemia. Protocol was to first clamp both carotids (i), followed by reducing inhaled oxygen to 8% to cause hypoxia-ischemia (ii), insult recovery was achieved by removing clamps and returning oxygen content to baseline values. https://scispace.com/papers/hur-dependent-sod2-protein-synthesis-is-an-early-adaptation-2y5rdqu14n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-total-sod2-protein-levels-were-assessed-by-6jejtum6.png Figure 1. A. Total SOD2 protein levels were assessed by immunoblotting in response to culture in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hur-knock-down-does-not-affect-sod2-mrna-stability-30lazetn.png Figure 4. HuR knock-down does not affect SOD2 mRNA stability in attached or anchorage-independent conditions, as determined by Actinomycin D treatment (n=4; two-way ANOVA: ns). HuR knock-down was assessed by semi quantitative real time RT-PCR (t-test, ****P<0.0001). A: OVCA433 B: OVCAR10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-hur-elavl1-binding-profiles-on-the-sod2-mrna-was-1m0y87xu.png Figure 3. A. HuR/ELAVL1 binding profiles on the SOD2 mRNA was assessed using ENCODE RIP-seq data sets ENCSR000CWW and ENCSR000CWZ, and PAR-CLIP data set GSE29943. https://scispace.com/papers/hund-s-rule-driven-dzyaloshinskii-moriya-interaction-at-3d-qh56zfnawb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-layer-resolved-emdmidqth-of-the-long-period-lengths-w9ptha86.png FIG. 3. (a) Layer-resolved EμDMIðqÞ of the long-period lengths for Mn=Wð001Þ and (b) the DMI strength Dμ extracted through a linear fit [EμDMIðqÞ ≈Dμq]. Note that the positive sign of Dtot (Dtot ¼ ΣμDμ) indicates left chirality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-strength-and-sign-of-the-dzyaloshinskii-moriya-34dcr60g.png FIG. 2. (a) Strength and sign of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction Dtot in 3d TM monolayers on 5d substrates calculated around their magnetic ground state combining the relativistic SOC effect with spin spirals. A positive sign of Dtot indicates a left-rotational sense or “left chirality”. (b) Correlation between EDMI ∼Dtot=M23d=5d averaged over 3d=5d interfaces (black line) versus the adlayer, the magnetic moments in the 3d TM UML (dashed red line), and the local magnetic moment per atom averaged over 3d=5d interfaces (solid red line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-calculated-magnetic-moments-of-the-3d-tm-monolayers-30qyd5u8.png FIG. 1. (a) Calculated magnetic moments of the 3d TM monolayers on 5d substrates compared to the moments of the 3d UML indicated by the dashed black line. (b) The magnetic moments of interface 5d atoms [44]. (c) The magnetic order of 3d monolayers on 5d substrates using different configurations: the FM, row-wise pð1 × 2Þ-AFM, and checkerboard cð2 × 2Þ-AFM states for the square lattice (001); the FM and AFM states for the (111) and (0001) oriented surfaces. A positive ΔE ¼ EAFM − EFM indicates a FM ground state, while negative values denote an AFM order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-filling-with-electrons-of-3d-tm-elements-into-the-21wzmjeg.png FIG. 4. Left: filling with electrons of 3d TM elements into the five 3d orbitals according to Hund’s first rule; spin-up and spindown are shown by red and blue arrows, respectively. On the right side we show the spin-split band positions of 3d states with respect to 5d W states. Note, since the 5d bandwidth is significantly larger than the crystal-field splitting the 5d states are degenerate at the Fermi level. ΔCF indicates the crystal-field splitting between the t2g and eg shells. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-chemo-biocatalysts-prepared-in-one-step-from-zeolite-yc0u0wx9fk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-n2-adsorption-desorption-isotherms-of-ts-1-aer-ts-1-gs17sshy.png Figure 2. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of TS-1, Aer_TS-1 and Hybrid_EPCs. In insert, the pore size distributions (PSDs) based on the BJH model are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-pictures-of-the-gox-solution-26-32-mg-ml-hybrid-1209u180.png Figure 5. A)Pictures of the GOx solution (26.32 mg/ml), Hybrid_GOx and Hybrid_EPCs samples in suspension (100mgcatalyst/mL). Hybrid_GOx sample exhibits a very slighlty yellow supernatant and a clean white powder attributed to the leaching of GOx in solution. Hybrid_EPCs sample shows a clear supernatant with no apparent leaching and a slightly yellow powder proving that GOx is inserted in the hybrid material. B) Leaching of GOx from the hybrid material for Hybrid_GOx and Hybrid_EPCs after 24 h storage, measured by Bradford colorimetric assay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-sem-images-of-aer-ts-1-at-different-ij87xkm6.png Figure 1. A-B) SEM images of Aer_TS-1 at different magnifications. C-D) SEM images of Hybrid_EPCs at different magnifications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-initial-specific-activity-in-gox-285yvkq4.png Figure 4. Comparison of the initial specific activity in GOx, EPCs and hybrid catalysts. Experimental conditions: T = 45°C, [Glucose] = 200mM, PBS buffer, pH 6. The experiment has been repeated three times with Hybrid_EPCs to evaluate the experimental error (see error bars, relative error = 11.6%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kinetic-data-for-the-ti-catalyzed-conversion-of-1hz2x6ii.png Figure 3. Kinetic data for the Ti-catalyzed conversion of allyl alcohol into glycidol in H2O using aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Experimental conditions: T = 45°C, [cata] = 5 g.L-1, [H2O2] = 0.18 M, [Allyl alcohol] = 0.9 M. The data obtained for TS-1 zeolite is the result of 3 catalytic tests independently performed. The experiment has been repeated three times with TS1 to evaluate the experimental error on these measurements (see error bars). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-one-pot-chemoenzymatic-epoxidation-of-allyl-1you4hdb.png Figure 6. A) One-pot chemoenzymatic epoxidation of allyl alcohol with Hybrid_EPCs. Experimental conditions: T=45°C, [allyl alcohol] = 0.9 M, [Glucose] = 0.16 M, [Hybrid_EPCs] = 5.L-1. B) One-pot chemoenzymatic epoxidation of allyl alcohol with the two separate catalytic species Aer_TS-1 and the PAH-GOx complexes. Experimental conditions: T=45°C, [allyl alcohol] = 0.9 M, [Glucose] = 0.16 M, [Aer_TS-1] = 5g.L-1, [GOx-PAH complexes] = 0.048 g.L-1. ▲ Hydrogen peroxide, ● glycidol, ■ Glucose, ♦ Total (Glycidol+Glycerol). https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-differential-evolution-particle-swarm-optimization-2htxnerb7g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-numerical-results-of-real-life-problems-3b96id6a.png Table 5. Numerical results of Real Life Problems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-170clr63.png Figure 1(b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-oupj1xxu.png Figure 4 (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-b-3unjlxnd.png Figure 1(b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-lnbdbhnk.png Figure 3 (a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b-18iuntb0.png Figure 2 (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-gxs8ouw6.png Figure 2 (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-de-pso-with-depso-7-and-bbde-6-2uw59qnk.png Table 4. Comparison of DE-PSO with DEPSO [7] and BBDE [6] https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-nonovershooting-set-point-pressure-regulation-for-a-2we7s3dink 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-block-diagram-of-the-model-controller-loop-please-gajlf8bt.png Fig. 5. Block diagram of the model-controller loop. Please notice the presence of φ−1 and the error feedback hybrid controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-step-responses-right-with-variations-of-the-model-ph-3es1zwga.png Fig. 11. Step responses (right) with variations of the model φ (left). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-step-responses-for-different-tswitch-in-the-graph-vfm6dm4a.png Fig. 10. Step responses for different tswitch. In the graph above the pressure, below the logic variable q. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-hydro-mechanical-variable-transmission-fd52q4je.png Fig. 1. The hydro-mechanical variable transmission. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-parallelization-and-performance-optimization-of-the-1bc58xtts7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scaling-of-the-most-time-consuming-parts-of-an-flapw-8hscx9qf.png Table 1: Scaling of the most time-consuming parts of an FLAPW self-consistency iteration https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-run-time-measurements-of-the-fleur-code-max-release-2pjw01q0.png Table 2: Run time measurements of the FLEUR code (MaX Release 2.0) for three test unit cells: NaCl (64 atoms), AuAg (108 atoms) and CuAg(256 atoms). All simulations are performed on the CLAIX computing cluster with one k-point, for one self-consistency iteration. The measurements are provided in seconds (left side) as well as relative percentage values (right side). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hardware-systems-used-to-perform-the-benchmark-1ygarizh.png Table 3: Hardware systems used to perform the benchmark calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-side-the-schematic-summary-of-parallelization-2frspfeg.png Fig. 1: Left Side: The schematic summary of parallelization strategies used for different parts of the code. Right Side: Week scaling over k-points for test unit cell DyTiO3. The number of k-points is proportional to the number of MPI processes. The red points show the run times for calculations with 1,2,4,6,8, and 12 k-points distributed over 1,2,4,6,8, and 12 MPI processes correspondingly. The green and blue points show the run times for test cases with 2 and 4 kpoints per MPI process. Run time is scaled to the run time of the test case with 1 k-point on 1 node (94 seconds for one self-consistency iteration). The horizontal lines are theoretical predictions. Simulations are done on the RWTH Bull Cluster, one MPI process per node. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-parallel-data-layout-distributed-between-3-19vo8eui.png Fig. 2: Example of parallel data layout distributed between 3 MPI processes (red, yellow and green). Matrix H is distributed among MPI processes in line-wise fashion, so that each MPI process has data from a rectangular matrix with size (NG/M)×NG. To be able to use BLAS3 routines, the matrix Hk,nsphα is divided into blocks (pink). Each block is calculated as matrix-matrix multiplication, then the values from the block are copied to the packed storage vector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-internode-scaling-of-the-fleur-code-before-mpi-only-1syv3mxp.png Fig. 4: Internode scaling of the FLEUR code, before (MPI-only version 0.26) and after (hybrid version MaX Release 2.0) optimization. For the hybrid version different hybrid setups are shown: pure MPI, i.e. 1 thread per MPI process (green), 2 threads per MPI process (blue) and 6 threads per MPI process (magenta). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-scaling-of-the-fleur-code-for-three-2iuneyck.png Fig. 5: Comparison of the scaling of the FLEUR code for three systems with different number of atoms, basis functions and electrons. The smallest system is the one discussed in Fig. 4, the largest system contains more than 1000 atoms. Due to the higher computational demand, the scaling for the larger systems extends to more nodes. (MaX Release 2.0, CLAIX compute cluster) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intranode-scaling-of-the-fleur-code-in-total-red-as-w583k96p.png Fig. 3: Intranode scaling of the FLEUR code in total (red) as well as of its most relevant parts (time requirements are given as percentage of the total runtime for a single core (14min/12min)), before (MPI-only version 0.26, left side) and after (hybrid version MaX Release 2.0, right side) optimization. For the optimized version: up to 4 cores - only MPI processes, on 8 und 12 cores - hybrid parallelization. The simulations were performed on the RWTH Bull Cluster. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-plasmon-phonon-polariton-bands-in-graphene-hexagonal-4excssz8i7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-similar-to-fig-4-but-panels-a-and-b-of-this-figure-are-7lnivzh2.png Fig. 5. Similar to Fig. 4, but panels (a) and (b) of this figure are illustrated for t 100 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-panels-a-b-c-and-d-represent-tm-light-transmission-ost1wqov.png Fig. 6. Panels (a), (b), (c), and (d) represent TM light transmission through the GhMM with t 100 nm for μ 0.1 eV, μ 0.3 eV, μ 0.4 eV, and μ 0.5 eV, respectively. Notice that the case of μ 0.2 eV is already presented in Fig. 5(b). It should be noted that these results are obtained for N 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-panels-a-and-b-respectively-show-the-projected-band-1ebgd1vu.png Fig. 4. Panels (a) and (b) respectively show the projected band structure of GhMM with t 50 nm and light transmission through this system for both TE and TM polarizations for N 10. Solid-blue curves in panel (a) represent SP3 and HP3 modes of an isolated HGHGH unit cell with t 50 nm. Moreover, horizontal dashedblack lines in panels (a) and (b) highlight the boundaries of the RH bands of hBN. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-panels-a-and-b-respectively-illustrate-an-isolated-1p3sws48.png Fig. 1. Panels (a) and (b) respectively illustrate an isolated unit cell of the GhMM, which is referred to as hGhGh and the GhMM under our consideration in this paper. Panels (c) and (d) show the real and imaginary values of ϵx and ϵz of hBN, respectively. The vertical dashed lines in these panels illustrate the boundary of the Reststrahlen bands noted as RH1 and RH2 in these panels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-panels-a-and-b-respectively-illustrate-the-projected-36takke9.png Fig. 3. Panels (a) and (b) respectively illustrate the projected band structure of GhMMwith t 10 nm and the transmission of light passing through this system considering N 10 for both TE and TM polarizations;N shows the number of hBN layers taken in the calculations. The solid-blue curves in panel (a) show SP3 and HP3 modes supported by an isolated hGhGh unit cell, for which the graphene layers are separated by a 10 nm thin film of hBN. Similar to panel (b), TM light transmission for fictitious metamaterials with ϵf ϵz and ϵf ϵx are represented in panels (c) and (d), respectively. Notice that the boundaries of the RH bands, in which hBN has a hyperbolic optical response, are determined with the dashed horizontal lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-panels-a-and-b-respectively-represent-the-band-1hd1nenw.png Fig. 2. Panels (a) and (b) respectively represent the band structure of graphene–hBN metamaterial for lossless and lossy cases with t 10 nm. In accordance with panels (a) and (b), panels (c), (d) and (e), (f ) show similar results for t 50 nm and t 100 nm GhMMs, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-pulsating-heat-pipe-for-space-applications-with-non-3qd5rqh4kd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-gravity-field-transition-from-hyper-to-3pqzvmgq.png Figure 10. Gravity field transition from hyper to microgravity: activation of a slug/plug flow regime. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-heating-configurations-tested-on-ground-providing-to-3r84ybv9.png Table 3. Heating configurations tested on ground providing to the device a global heat power input of 50 W. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confinement-diameters-for-fc-72-at-20-degc-both-in-1ly7gw0k.png Table 2. Confinement diameters for FC-72 at 20 °C both in static and dynamic conditions, on ground and microgravity conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-sulfur-recovery-process-for-natural-gas-upgrading-4bhwcidf5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methane-rich-crystasulf-sm-feed-gas-1a1zg3b6.png Table 1. Methane-rich CrystaSulf SM feed gas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experimental-conditions-during-test-with-ko-1tg82uf1.png Table 4. Experimental conditions during test with KO condensate vapors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-composition-used-to-estimate-vapor-pressure-of-ko-ak8w7q8s.png Table 5. Composition used to estimate vapor pressure of KO drum condensate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-20-hour-rerun-with-3rd-fresh-charge-of-ko-drum-1hjwdivw.png Figure 7. 20 hour rerun with 3rd (fresh) charge of KO drum condensate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-seven-hour-rerun-with-2nd-fresh-charge-of-ko-drum-ihawy04v.png Figure 6. Seven hour rerun with 2nd (fresh) charge of KO drum condensate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-p-id-of-catalyst-test-apparatus-for-tests-with-38buowop.png Figure 2. P&ID of catalyst test apparatus for tests with knockout drum condensate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-for-hybrid-crystasulf-sm-process-r5cr18hr.png Figure 1. Flow diagram for hybrid CrystaSulf SM process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-h2s-conversion-and-so2-and-s-selectivities-when-19pgw3xv.png Figure 4. H2S conversion and SO2 and S selectivities when catalyst is exposed to vapors from knock-out drum condensate (first 50 hours). https://scispace.com/papers/hybrid-switched-capacitor-switched-quasi-z-source-4fzkaerkdv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-voltage-control-scheme-of-the-proposed-converter-2p3nd332.png Fig. 8 Voltage control scheme of the proposed converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-switched-quasi-z-source-converter-in-19-b0g0zqan.png Fig. 1 Switched-quasi-Z-source converter in [19] https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cost-analysis-of-energy-source-system-2nmytee9.png TABLE I COST ANALYSIS OF ENERGY SOURCE SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-configuration-of-the-proposed-converter-3priq9b9.png Fig. 3 Configuration of the proposed converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hybrid-energy-sources-system-of-an-ev-3v2dj3p8.png Fig. 2 Hybrid energy sources system of an EV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-experimental-result-of-bidirectional-power-flow-9w2gc8lm.png Fig. 12 Experimental result of bidirectional power flow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-experimental-parameters-of-the-converter-18w8yhe5.png TABLE III EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS OF THE CONVERTER https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-prototype-of-the-proposed-converter-1qlj4hrv.png Fig. 9 Prototype of the proposed converter. https://scispace.com/papers/hybridity-and-the-search-for-the-right-mix-in-governing-ppp-2q84gfnwyp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-typology-of-forms-of-public-private-relationships-ne76pwpv.png Table 1: A typology of forms of public–private relationships https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-four-profiles-on-governing-ppps-1udmnj34.png Table 2. Four profiles on governing PPPs https://scispace.com/papers/hydraulics-of-swirling-flows-along-vortex-drop-shafts-49telxo300 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-between-observations-obs-and-predictions-33099nl3.png Figure 4. Comparison between observations (Obs) and predictions (see section 2.1) for the VDS of Zhao et al. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-observed-obs-and-computed-eq-15-2pmrw75h.png Figure 5. Comparison between observed (Obs) and computed (Eq. 15) α in the VDS of Crispino et al. (2019a): (a) FC = 0.09; (b) FC = 0.56 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-sketch-of-the-control-volume-of-the-133nlch8.png Figure 1. Definition sketch of the control volume of the annular flow (on the left) and photo of a physical model of vertical shaft in operation for an incoming discharge Q = 12.70 m3/s (Crispino et al. 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-observed-obs-and-computed-eq-15-3s0na4h6.png Figure 6. Comparison between observed (Obs) and computed (Eq. 15) α in the VDS of Crispino et al. (2019a), with the introduction of n = 10∙Fc: (a) FC = 0.09; (b) FC = 0.56 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-observed-obs-and-computed-eq-15-2ca04rxo.png Figure 7. Comparison between observed (Obs) and computed (Eq. 15) α in the VDS of Crispino et al. (2019a), with the introduction of n derived by Eqs. (18) and (19): (a) FC = 0.09; (b) FC = 0.34; (c) FC = 0.46; (d) FC = 0.56 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydraulic-features-of-the-test-performed-by-zhao-et-sda8uahz.png Table 1. Hydraulic features of the test performed by Zhao et al. (2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydraulic-features-of-the-tests-performed-by-1dpcqjnj.png Table 2. Hydraulic features of the tests performed by Crispino et al. (2019a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-a-spiral-inlet-b-tangential-vortex-inlet-1h70q26z.png Figure 2. sketch of: (a) spiral inlet; (b) tangential vortex inlet https://scispace.com/papers/hybridizing-sparse-component-analysis-with-genetic-35cd8begeg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-number-of-genes-related-with-calcium-ion-binding-2f3pgfo3.png Table 10 Number of genes related with calcium ion binding (#(cib)) for each of the 16 clusters formed during the analysis of the PXE data by fastICA. Only genes which are rated exclusively as having a calcium ion binding molecular function in the Gene Ontology [9] database were considered. Most genes related with calcium ion binding are clustered into source 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-top-the-original-sources-si-note-that-s3-was-obtained-vf92bnv6.png Fig. 8. Top: The original sources si. Note that s3 was obtained from s2 by adding a linear function. Bottom: The rows xi of the mixture matrix X as provided to the algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlation-coefficients-ci-between-the-i-th-2d4aengd.png Table 7 Correlation coefficients Ci between the i−th estimated and the corresponding original source as well as the CTE between the original and the estimated mixing matrix for both Grassmann clustering based NMF and sNMF. While sNMF perfectly recovers the sources and the mixing matrix Grassmann clustering based NMF fails to solve the given BSS problem. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-obtained-by-snmf-and-fastica-algorithm-1dytwscn.png Table 6 Results obtained by sNMF and fastICA algorithm. Displayed are the correlation coefficients ci between the i-th original source and its corresponding estimate as well as the cross-talking error (CTE) between the estimated and the original mixing matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-top-the-estimates-ssparsei-of-the-sources-as-obtained-1a48gwgq.png Fig. 9. Top: The estimates ssparsei of the sources as obtained by sNMF. Bottom: The estimates sfICAi of the sources as obtained by the fastICA algorithm. Note that fastICA fails to recover the third source. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-sparsenesses-st-0-of-the-estimated-sources-1x4vg97l.png Table 8 Sparsenesses στ=0 of the estimated sources. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrodynamic-characterization-of-the-arcachon-bay-using-28y67wo16c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-flushing-time-maps-in-days-calculated-for-two-26ehre25.png Figure 3. Local flushing time maps (in days), calculated for two contrasted weather conditions: the winter of 2001 and the summer of 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulated-eulerian-residual-fluxes-expressed-in-m2-mos7djsv.png Figure 2. Simulated Eulerian residual fluxes (expressed in m2 s-1) for a mean tide. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-parameters-for-observed-vs-predicted-3a8vwvx8.png Table 1. Regression parameters for observed vs. predicted values. a is the slope, b is the intercept, df, the degrees of freedom, r2, the coefficient of determination (expresses how much of the variance in observed value is explained by the simulated values) and RMSD, the root mean squared deviation (expresses the mean deviation of simulated values with respect to the observed ones, in the same unit as the model variable). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulated-tidal-prism-p-total-lagoon-volume-vtot-1mg8m5bn.png Table 2. Simulated tidal prism (P), total lagoon volume (Vtot), instantaneous maximum water flows at the Arcachon Bay exit (Fexit), flood (Dflood) and ebb (Debb ) mean duration at the Eyrac station, and tidal amplitude at the Eyrac station (Amp), for three different tidal amplitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-age-in-days-of-water-masses-originating-from-1ey9zqbl.png Figure 4. Mean age (in days) of water masses originating from the two main rivers, for two contrasted meteorological situations: the winter of 2001 (upper panel) and the summer of 2005 (lower panel). The results are reported after the river plumes had reached a ’stable‘ extension, i. e. after 80 days of simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-arcachon-lagoon-the-extents-of-the-four-nested-2ve59ox0.png Figure 1. The Arcachon lagoon. The extents of the four nested models are shown in the inset. Depth contours (50, 20, 10 and 5 m) are given in dotted line. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogels-from-amorphous-calcium-carbonate-and-polyacrylic-4ji7h4injm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-drying-an-acc-paa-hydrogel-film-results-in-a-free-3jrslj8s.png Figure 3. a) Drying an ACC/PAA hydrogel film results in a free standing continuous transparent film, which can recover the hydrogel state after swelling in water, indicating this material is reversible. b) Other forms of the dried ACC/PAA hybrid such as curved films or fibers. c) Left: Loading unloading nano indentation curve for the ACC/PAA hybrid film. Right: the corresponding to survey scanning and SEM images of the microstructure after indentation measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rheological-behavior-of-the-acc-paa-hydrogel-a-oa5nhkl3.png Figure 2. Rheological behavior of the ACC/PAA hydrogel. a) Frequency dependencies of the storage (G’) and loss (G’’) moduli. b) Viscosity as a function of shear rate. c) Thixotropic loop measurement. d) Temper ature dependencies of the storage (G’) and loss (G’’) moduli. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-synthesis-of-the-acc-paa-supramolecular-m58u4lwb.png Figure 1. a) Schematic synthesis of the ACC/PAA supramolecular hydrogel. b) ACC/PAA hydrogel is stable in water. c) ACC/PAA hydrogel is plastic, which can be made in different shapes. d) ACC/PAA hydrogel is stretchable. e) Self adhesion of ACC/PAA hydrogel. Dye molecules (rhodamine B and methylene blue) were introduced to produce the colors. f) SEM image of the freeze dried ACC/PAA hydrogel. g) TEM images of ACC/PAA dry gel. The insets are the corresponding electron diffraction pattern and an enlarged view of the area highlighted by the red square illustrating the presence of very small ACC nanoparticles (highlighted by green circles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-color-changes-of-acc-paa-pcda-hybrid-films-upon-1tni3p7b.png Figure 4. a) Color changes of ACC/PAA/PCDA hybrid films upon UV irradiation and heating. b) UV/Vis absorption profiles of the ACC/PAA/ PCDA hybrid film and the blue and red films of ACC/PAA/PDA hybrid. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrodynamics-of-a-periodically-wind-forced-small-and-narrow-2tbaxd49bj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-periods-of-the-theoretical-normal-modes-in-the-2pqvbhes.png Table 1 Periods of the theoretical normal modes in the stratified trapezoidal basin Basin-scale normal modes Period (h) T m ∕T (−) Observed in PSD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8d-and-e-show-eu-and-ez0-respectively-for-hbbl-2-3-m-3iee48a9.png Figure  8d and e show |eu ⋆ | and |ez0 | , respectively, for hBBL = 2.3  m. We found that over most of the period, the percentage deviation of the friction parameters is less than 10%. However, when wind-forcing starts dropping ( t∕T = 9.25 and t∕T = 9.75 ), the estimation of the friction parameters becomes remarkably sensitive to the fitting model, reaching https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-boundary-layer-dynamics-a-c-x-y-0-0-km-and-b-d-x-y-1-1btqnptm.png Fig. 7 Boundary layer dynamics: a, c (x, y) ≈ (0, 0) km and b, d (x, y) ≈ (−1.35, 0) km. Grey-shaded areas in a, b denote the BBL zone with N2 < 10−4 s−2 . Time labelling is given in panel a and applies for panels b, c and d as well. The flow and density structure during the first half of the diurnal phase is denoted by red lines while the second half is denoted by blue lines in all four panels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-diurnal-evolution-of-the-laterally-averaged-vertical-2bax4q42.png Fig. 12 Diurnal evolution of the laterally-averaged vertical profiles of a, b energy dissipation rate, ⟨ ⟩H , c, d fluid stability, ⟨N2⟩H . e, f vertical buoyancy flux, ⟨b⟩H , and g, h vertical eddy diffusivity, ⟨K ⟩H , along with their respective laterally- and time-averaged vertical profiles (blue lines), their standard deviation (red line), and the time-averaged vertical profile at the center of the basin (x, y) = (0, 0) (green line). The vertical structure of the afore-mentioned quantities shows significant variability over the wind-forcing cycle in the epilimnion and hypolimnion layers, but negligible changes in the metalimnion https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-residual-flow-a-spanwise-and-time-averaged-boussinesq-ondl99z5.png Fig. 9 Residual flow. a Spanwise- and time-averaged Boussinesq density, ⟨ ⟩sw,T , overlaid by isopycnals (grey lines). b Spanwise- and time-averaged streamwise flow, ⟨u⟩sw,T , overlaid by spanwise- and time-averaged streamlines https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-turbulence-and-mixing-regime-diagram-dimensionless-2g0g7e31.png Fig. 13 a Turbulence and mixing regime diagram: dimensionless eddy diffusivity, , as a function of the turbulence intensity, , for each zone over the diurnal phase; dash-line denotes the Osborn’s constant mixing efficiency, O = 0.2 . Zones are defined as a function of depth, z, the streamwise axis, x, and the height, h, measured from bottom upward: (1) EPI: z ∈ [−6, 0] m (red-square); (2) MET: z ∈ [−20,−6] m (green-cross), x ∈ [−1.2, 1.2] km ; HYP: z ∈ [−36,−20] m , x ∈ [−1.0, 1.0] km (blue-asterisk); (4) SBBL: h ∈ [0, 4] m , x ∈ [−2.4,−1.2] km (Left slope: orange triangle) and h ∈ [0, 4] m , x ∈ [1.2, 2.4] km (right slope: blue triangle); (5) BBL: h ∈ [0, 4] m , x ∈ [−1.2, 1.2] km (black-circle). b Diurnal variability of = Pr−1⟨⟩∕⟨⟩ at each zone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-shear-stability-for-the-left-slope-region-a-c-2eas2vve.png Fig. 6 Shear stability for the left slope region. a,  c illustrate the fluid stability, N2 = −(g∕ 1) ∕ z and b, d illustrate the shear stability parameter log10(Ric∕Ri) at the start and at half of the wind-forcing cycle ( t∕T = 9.0;9.5 ) on the left side of the domain. In the quasi-periodic flow regime, the second half of the forcing cycle has an antisymmetric response. Green arrows in the panels a, c schematize the flow propagation based on the circulation shown in Fig. 3, while red arrows stand out unstable density zones and supercritical shear flows https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-frequency-spectra-of-potential-energy-0-gh-and-the-3hw9kd47.png Fig. 5 Frequency spectra of potential energy, ( ∕ 0)gh , and the kinetic energy, ( ∕ 0) ∕2 , per mass unit, at a, d epilimnion, z ≈ −2 m (average of spectra calculated at four different horizontal positions in the surface mixed layer: blue circles in Fig. 3a, b; b,e metalimnion, z ≈ −15 m (average of spectra calculated at two different horizontal positions in the metalimnion layer: grey circles in Fig. 3a, b; and c,f upper bottom boundary layer, h ≈ 4 m (average of spectra calculated at four different horizontal positions within the BBL over the flat and the inclined parts of the bed: red circles in Fig. 3a, b. Blue curves denote the gravity spectrum slope, −2 . The green circle denotes the forcing frequency (24 h period). The dashed-line denotes the reference buoyancy frequency scale, N0 = √ g( ∕ 1)∕D . Metalimnion spectra also show the internal gravity wave (IGW) subranges bounded by shaded areas. Confidence interval level at the 95% is given by the difference between the horizontal dotted lines https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-bonding-and-delocalization-in-the-elf-analysis-ctqirs5knw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-potential-functions-for-hydrogen-bond-and-proton-3hm01v7j.png Fig. 3 Potential functions for hydrogen bond and proton transfer. Reproduced from Ref.61 with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-elf-0-8-localization-domains-of-the-khf2-cell-left-and-3s4i7dfb.png Fig. 4 ELF=0.8 localization domains of the KHF2 cell (left) and of the FHF– anion. Color code: magenta=core, light blue=protonated valence (H or AH), redbrick=valence monosynaptic (lone pair), green=disynaptic (bond). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-elf-profiles-along-the-f-h-f-left-khf2-crystal-cell-4cc428ab.png Fig. 5 ELF profiles along the F−H···F. Left: KHF2 crystal cell, right: [FHF]–. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-elf-0-85-localization-domains-of-the-ice-viii-cell-2yc4b2ok.png Fig. 8 ELF = 0.85 localization domains of the ice VIII cell(left) and water dimer (right). Color code as in figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-elf-0-8-localization-domains-of-the-kdp-cell-left-and-3kq4dt4y.png Fig. 6 ELF=0.8 localization domains of the KDP cell (left) and of the [PO4H2···PO4H2] 2– dianion. Color code as in figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-elf-profiles-along-the-o-h-o-left-kdp-crystal-right-195f25xj.png Fig. 7 ELF profiles along the O−H···O. Left KDP: crystal, right: [PO4H2···PO4H2] 2– dianion model cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-elf-profiles-along-the-o-h-o-left-ice-viii-crystal-3dbn3bot.png Fig. 9 ELF profiles along the O−H···O. Left: ice VIII crystal, right: water dimer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-elf-profile-along-the-a-h-b-interaction-line-left-f-h-i42ttfv5.png Fig. 1 ELF profile along the A−H···B interaction line. Left F−H···Ne, right F−H···F. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-bonding-and-the-design-of-twist-bend-nematogens-1dbj1rwjhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-transition-temperatures-and-associated-entropy-285kxym5.png Table 4. Transition temperatures and associated entropy changes for the CB6OS:nOBA complexes. All data are extracted from heating DSC traces unless stated otherwise. *Temperature obtained from a DSC cooling trace. †Temperature obtained using POM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transition-temperatures-and-associated-entropy-31vteirk.png Table 2. Transition temperatures and associated entropy changes for the 1OB6OS:nOBA equimolar mixtures. All data extracted from DSC heating traces unless stated otherwise. *Temperature obtained from DSC cooling trace. †Temperature obtained using POM. ‡ Peak overlapped with crystallisation exotherm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-layer-thickness-smectic-phases-or-end-to-end-37tg4lxe.png Table 5. Layer thickness (smectic phases) or end-to-end separation between molecules (nematic phases) and lateral spacings obtained from X-ray diffraction patterns of the CB6OS:nOBA series. For some complexes and phases the observed pattern was too weak to determine the signal position. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dependence-of-the-layer-spacing-on-temperature-for-3uosoljo.png Figure 6. Dependence of the layer spacing on temperature for CB6OS:10OBA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydrogen-bond-acceptors-and-hydrogen-bond-donors-1ogqrvoe.png Table 1. Hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors used in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-o-4-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl-alkyloxy-benzoic-acid-2nga0kvx.png Figure 1. 4-[ω-(4’-Cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)alkyloxy]-benzoic acid (CB6OBA) 26. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-birefringence-vs-temperature-for-cb6os-10oba-the-1d21v4vr.png Figure 9. Birefringence vs. temperature for CB6OS:10OBA. The red line is the fitted curve obtained assuming critical temperature dependence. Inset shows a plot of conical angle vs. temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xrd-patterns-obtained-for-cb6os-10oba-in-left-to-1ptygd0r.png Figure 5. XRD patterns obtained for CB6OS:10OBA in (left to right) the N (126 °C), SmA (107 °C), SmCA (85 °C) and SmX (45 °C) phases. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-storage-in-wind-turbine-towers-12z5wey8q5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-storage-in-the-base-of-a-hydrogen-tower-qw8p54f9.png Figure 12: Storage in the base of a hydrogen tower. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-full-hydrogen-tower-1uadaetv.png Figure 9: Full hydrogen tower. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-hydrogen-tower-cost-summary-1p01s3qx.png Figure 13: Hydrogen tower cost summary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cost-mass-ratio-as-a-function-of-pressure-26ngchvo.png Figure 7: Cost/mass ratio as a function of pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pressure-based-comparison-1bcixh83.png Figure 8: Pressure-based comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wall-thickness-as-a-function-of-pressure-for-6pt3039k.png Figure 2: Wall thickness as a function of pressure for different failure modes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-secondary-hydrogen-storage-costs-3buniers.png Table 2: Secondary Hydrogen Storage Costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hydrogen-tower-with-internal-power-cables-3m1xzx6c.png Figure 10: Hydrogen tower with internal power cables. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-induced-fast-fracture-2wan6m1v6k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-sketches-showing-the-cleavage-of-a-pre-existing-3d2twybo.png Figure 2: (a) Sketches showing the cleavage of a pre-existing crack-tip hydride (with hydrogen within the hydride covering the newly formed fracture surfaces) followed by the subsequent emission of dislocations from the crack-tip. Cleavage can only recommence if the hydride reforms before blunting the crack-tip by dislocation emission. (b) Predictions of the critical velocity 𝑣neo:l https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-snapshots-of-the-system-from-md-calculations-293-k-3pvnnpva.png Figure 11: Snapshots of the system from MD calculations (𝑇 = 293 K) at selected levels of applied 𝐺1. (a) The clean system absent H, (b) the system with 1 ML (Monolayer) H coverage only on the crack flanks and (c) the system with a hydride around the crack-tip in addition to the 1 ML H coverage on the crack flanks. (d) Close-up snapshots of the crack-tip hydride at 𝐺1 ≈ 4.1 J m'+ to illustrate its fluctuating nature. Fe atoms are coloured using a common neighbour analysis with blue indicating the BCC phase and white denoting an unknown coordination while the H atoms (not drawn to-scale) are coloured red. The cores of the emitted dislocations are seen as having atoms with an unknown coordination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sketch-of-the-fe-boundary-value-for-modelling-1r1xls2o.png Figure 4: Sketch of the FE boundary value for modelling continued propagation of the microcrack but now in the absence hydrogen supply. In the FE model a micro-crack of length 𝑎 is first propagated from the cavity surface of radius 𝑅 at a speed 𝑣4 and its subsequent propagation for a fixed remote tensile stress 𝜎 investigated as an outcome of the FE solution. The crack propagation modelled via a cohesive surface framework along with rate-dependent plasticity in the bulk. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-examples-of-i-a-fracture-surface-where-failure-3u6y9bm7.png Figure 9: (a) Examples of (i) a fracture surface where failure initiated from an inclusion in a hydrogencharged A485 steel (Fujita and Murakami, 2012) and (ii) hydrogen induced microcracks around carbide particles in a high strength steel (Li et al., 2017). (b) Probability of the diameters 2𝑅 of carbide particles in 4340 steel as reported by Novak et al. (2010). (c) Predictions of the probability of microcrack diameters 𝒟 ≡ 2(𝑅 + 𝑎 ) in the 4340 steel investigated by Novak et al. (2010) at selected levels of hydrogen charging 𝑐B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-predictions-of-the-variation-of-the-binding-energy-7yen9hu8.png Figure 14: Predictions of the variation of the binding energy Δ𝐻 of a H atom inserted in a subsurface site immediately ahead of the crack-tip (of the system of Fig. 10 with 1 ML H coverage of the crack flanks) as a function of 𝐺1. The inset shows a snapshot at load 𝐺1 ≈ 4 J m'+ where Fe atoms are coloured using a common neighbour analysis with blue indicating the BCC phase and white denoting an unknown coordination while the H atoms (not drawn to-scale) are coloured red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-snapshots-of-the-quasi-statically-loaded-clean-14cd074n.png Figure 13: Snapshots of the quasi-statically loaded clean system (absent H) at selected levels of applied 𝐺1. Fe atoms are coloured using a common neighbour analysis with blue indicating the BCC phase, yellow the HCP phase and white denoting an unknown coordination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-atomistic-predictions-for-loading-of-a-crack-on-3f0y29vf.png Figure 18: Atomistic predictions for loading of a crack on the Fe (001) plane with the crack front in the direction [11a0]. (a) Snapshots from MD simulations (𝑇 = 293 K) at selected levels of applied 𝐺1 for (a) a system with 1 ML H coverage on the crack flanks and (c) a system with 1 ML H coverage on the crack flanks and a hydride ahead of the crack-tip. (b) The binding energies of H atoms in the hydride structure ahead of the crack-tip for the system loaded to 𝐺1 ≈ 4.8 Jm'+ (the values shown are −Δ𝐻 in units of kJ mol'(). The average binding energy 〈Δ𝐻〉 of the entire hydride is also indicated. Fe atoms are coloured using a common neighbour analysis with blue indicating the BCC phase, green the FCC phase and white denoting an unknown coordination. The H atoms (not drawn to-scale) are coloured red (one of them is shown in (b) as an open red circle as it sits behind the Fe atoms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-summary-of-the-measured-threshold-toughness-for-a-2p73ya4k.png Figure 1: (a) Summary of the measured threshold toughness 𝐽-. for a range of steels in a 69 MPa H+ atmosphere. The data is shown as a function of the yield strength 𝜎0 along with contours of the critical flaw size 𝑎45 for the existence of a 𝐽-field. The corresponding hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) index defined as the ratio of the tensile fracture strength of the steel in a 69 MPa H+ atmosphere to the strength in air is also indicated (where available) alongside each data point. The data is taken from the technical reference compiled by San Marchi and Somerday (2012). (b) Summary of the nominal bending strength 𝜎:;< measurements of Novak et al. (2010) for a 4340 steel with yield strength 𝜎= = 1500 MPa as a function of the lattice hydrogen concentration 𝑐B. The corresponding Oriani (1972) predictions of the occupancy 𝜃DE of grain boundary traps in 4340 steel are also included (righthand 𝑦 −axis). https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogen-plasma-treatments-for-passivation-of-amorphous-10xkr3teyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-valence-band-edge-before-and-after-1qpuzl8a.png TABLE I. Parameters of the valence band edge before and after HPT, as determined by PES: Urbach energy (Eu) and valence band edge (Ev − Ef ). https://scispace.com/papers/hydrogenosomes-convergent-adaptations-of-mitochondria-to-3qh3r8eq5x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-nuclear-and-organellar-dna-of-tetrahymena-thermophila-2t1gl1ko.png Fig. 12. Nuclear and organellar DNA of Tetrahymena thermophila (T.t.) and Nyctotherus ovalis (N.o.) after cellular fractionation by differential centrifugation. Agarose gel (0.5%) stained with ethidium bromide. M1 marker lambda EcoR1/ Hind III, M2 1 kb ladder. T.t. lane t: total DNA; lane n: nuclear fraction, consisting predominantly of rDNA and macronuclear DNA; lane m: mitochondrial fraction (*, mitochondrial DNA, >40 kb, also visible in total DNA fraction); N.o. lane t: total DNA: it consists nearly exclusively of macronuclear DNA that is present in gene-sized pieces (gsp), predominantly <9 kb; h: hydrogenosomal fraction; hydrogenosomal DNA is indicated by an arrow (hyd). Hydrogenosomal DNA is also clearly visible in the total DNA fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-phylogenetic-tree-neighbour-joining-saitou-and-nei-12qh9kq8.png Fig. 13. Phylogenetic tree (Neighbour Joining; Saitou and Nei, 1987) of mitochondrial (M) and hydrogenosomal (H) SSU rRNA genes (c.f. van Hoek et al., 2000a). CM: ciliate mitochondria; B: eubacterial 16S rRNA genes. * : Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Abbreviations: N. ovalis: Nyctotherus ovalis; P.a.: Periplaneta americana; B. sp.: Blaberus species: (cockroach host species). Bayer: Bayer AG, Monheim; Ams: Amsterdam, Artis; Nijm.: Nijmegen, Faculty of Science; Ddorf: Düsseldorf, Germany, Löbbecke Museum (differerent populations of cockroach hosts). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-epifluorescence-micrograph-of-piromyces-sp-e2-an-28bk1gk2.png Fig. 7. Epifluorescence micrograph of Piromyces sp. E2, an anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus, isolated from the faeces of an Indian elephant. Magnification about ×400. The organism was vitally stained with a solution of rhodamine 123. h: hyphae; S: sporangium. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrological-change-towards-a-consistent-approach-to-assess-4u8wwtnzs0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-statistics-of-the-consistent-approach-2rhu0iko.png Table 1. General statistics of the consistent approach example application. Droughts (floods) were defined on a monthly timescale based on the 99 th (1 st ) exceedance percentile of the total time series. For each characteristic, the relative change with respect to the baseline period is included in parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-general-statistics-of-the-impact-focused-approach-2bb7rjrx.png Table 2. General statistics of the impact-focused approach application example. Floods were defined on a daily timescale with a fixed threshold based on the 1 st percentile. Droughts were defined based on a monthly varying threshold based on the 80 th percentile. For each characteristic, the relative change with respect to the baseline period is included in parenthesis. https://scispace.com/papers/hydroinformatic-environment-for-coastal-waters-hydrodynamics-1as5kye7e9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-finite-elements-meshes-for-the-ria-de-arosa-nw-spain-91qltf3y.png Fig. 5. Finite elements meshes for the Ria de Arosa (NW Spain) 2DH hydrodynamic model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-2dh-ria-de-arosa-hydrodynamic-model-wind-current-1507kqcy.png Fig. 12. 2DH Ria de Arosa hydrodynamic model: wind current velocities for the most frequent winter and summer wind directions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-2dh-ria-de-arosa-hydrodynamic-model-river-discharges-gt0wioh0.png Fig. 13. 2DH Ria de Arosa hydrodynamic model: river discharges’ current velocities for different Ria water levels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phytoplankton-and-herbivorous-zooplankton-x7u4evg1.png Table 2 Phytoplankton and herbivorous zooplankton interaction: parameter values for the application of the PROCESSES program https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-phytoplankton-and-herbivorous-zooplankton-interaction-1wzb7113.png Fig. 17. Phytoplankton and herbivorous zooplankton interaction: results computed by the PROCESSES program. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hydroinformatic-environment-3dgaafqp.png Fig. 1. Hydroinformatic environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-differences-of-the-mesh-performance-index-and-1ipq951r.png Fig. 6. Relative differences of the mesh performance index and f quotients for hydrodynamic simulations using different meshes: (a) and (b) tide action; (c) and (d) tide and wind acting simultaneously. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-2dh-ria-de-arosa-hydrodynamic-model-maximum-flood-110ywqqr.png Fig. 11. 2DH Ria de Arosa hydrodynamic model: maximum flood tide current velocities for a spring and a neap tide. https://scispace.com/papers/hydrological-intermittency-drives-diversity-decline-and-zw8ocverlg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-3i19x2ti.png Figure 3 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-22qpuywq.png Figure 4 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-click-here-to-download-table-table-1-xlsx-3verd5e3.png Table 1 Click here to download Table: Table 1.xlsx https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-click-here-to-download-table-table-2-xlsx-128ehhgm.png Table 2 Click here to download Table: Table 2.xlsx https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-2e7cmy5h.png Figure 5 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-38hrivci.png Figure 1 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-mfhmrnoa.png Figure 6 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-click-here-to-download-high-resolution-image-oxlxq980.png Figure 2 Click here to download high resolution image https://scispace.com/papers/hydromechanical-modeling-of-granular-soils-considering-v1jw8u0h09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-isotropic-compression-test-simulation-and-3o1v4u8h.png Figure 4. (a) Isotropic compression test simulation and critical state; (b) fitted reference critical void ratio versus fines content for HK CDG mixture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-between-experimental-results-and-1tbcrzjo.png Figure 8. Comparison between experimental results and simulations for HK-CDG mixture before and after erosion: (a,c) deviatoric stress versus axial strain; (b,d) void ratio versus axial strain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-computation-flowchart-for-internal-erosion-under-1n1toao6.png Figure 3. Computation flowchart for internal erosion under constant stresses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-deformation-of-the-specimen-1730ubsk.png Figure 7. Comparison of the deformation of the specimen between experimental results and simulations for HK CDG mixture during erosion tests under different stress states: (a) axial strain and (b) radial strain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-increasing-hydraulic-gradients-applied-during-2s1g37aw.png Figure 6. Increasing hydraulic gradients applied during internal erosion for simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-simulated-results-of-the-calibrated-erosion-tests-2q7pnj8x.png Figure 11. Simulated results of the calibrated erosion tests with continuing fines loss https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-grain-size-distribution-of-the-tested-hk-cdg-26wgmd3h.png Figure 1. Grain size distribution of the tested HK-CDG mixture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-specimen-deformations-as-a-function-of-the-eroded-1z7m44f2.png Figure 10. Specimen deformations as a function of the eroded fraction of fine particles in the simulations of erosion for different stress ratios : (a) axial strains; (b) volumetric strains https://scispace.com/papers/hydrophobic-organic-contaminants-are-not-linked-to-28fityfk3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-generalized-additive-models-gams-showing-partial-3ca8ldxq.png Figure 5. Generalized additive models (GAMs) showing partial response curves for the explanatory biological variables: body weight (A), reproductive phase (B), gut fullness (C) and age (D). The classes for reproductive phase correspond to: 1 = deformed gonads, 2 = post spawned, 3 = juvenile, 4 = developing gonads and 5 = mature gonads. The vertical axis shows the relative influence of the explanatory variable on the prediction of MP burden on the base of partial residuals. Grey bands indicate 95% confidence interval for each curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-factor-scores-axes-and-loadings-arrows-of-2aq98ub8.png Figure 4. Factor scores (axes) and loadings (arrows) of contaminants (HBCD, HCB and the sum of PCBs, BDEs and DDs) and weight-specific MP burden. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-distribution-of-the-mp-burden-based-on-gam7mcpj.png Figure 3. Frequency distribution of the MP burden based on the model simulations (dark grey bars) and field observations (light grey bars). Panel A shows the entire dataset and panel B presents only fish with MP in the GIT (i.e., the non-zero values). The dashed vertical lines indicate the mean values for the model simulations (long dash) and the observations (short dash). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-hocs-in-herring-muscle-tissue-and-1gfy3jz6.png Table 1. Overview of the HOCs in herring muscle tissue and descriptive statistics of their concentrations (µg g-1 fish muscle). SD – standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boxplot-of-log10-transformed-mp-abundance-in-the-jac59de9.png Figure 2. Boxplot of Log10-transformed MP abundance in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of 617 herring per basin ordered from north to south. Data are presented as medians (vertical lines), 618 inter quartile range, IQR (boxes), 1.5 IQR (whiskers) and outliers (points) being > 1.5 IQR. The 619 black slices of the pie charts indicate the proportion of examined herring with no MP in the GIT. 620 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-sites-within-the-swedish-national-3t76zr3k.png Figure 1. Sampling sites within the Swedish National Monitoring Program for Contaminants in 609 Marine Biota included in this study, BotB Bothnian Bay, BS Bothnian Sea, NBP Northern Baltic 610 Proper, WGB Western Gotland Basin and BB Bornholm Basin. 1 Rånefjärden, 2 Harufjärden, 3 611 Holmöarna, 4 Gaviksfjärden, 5 Långvindsfjärden, 6 Bothnian Sea offshore site, 7 612 Ängsskärsklubb, 8 Lagnö, 9 Baltic proper offshore site, 10 Landsort, 11 Byxelkrok, 12 Utlängan 613 and 13 Western Hanö bight. 614 https://scispace.com/papers/hydrophone-array-optimization-conception-and-validation-for-440nc4v7fd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-msl-and-b-fwhm-obtained-for-the-conical-tip-down-cd-1ml4lgmg.png Fig. 4. (a) MSL and (b) FWHM obtained for the conical tip down (CD) shaped array.−− represents the thresholds given in the MSL and FWHM in Section II-A. The low frequency (LF), medium frequency (MF), and high frequency (HF) bands are defined by the vertical dotted lines in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-385-different-cd-configurations-in-the-mean-msl-1dc97xat.png Fig. 5. The 385 different CD configurations in the mean MSL/mean FWHM space. −− represents the threshold given for the FWHM in Section II-A; the MSL threshold cannot be represented because it is too low (−8 dB) compared to the values obtained ([−6;−3] dB). Each represents one of the 385 tested configurations. represents the configuration that gives the best performance from among these 385. • gives the performance of a new configuration from the best array with its middle circle rotated by 1◦ steps, whereas + gives the performance of a new configuration from the best array with its middle circle translated by 2-cm steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-the-best-array-configuration-obtained-3bnoosup.png Fig. 6. Illustration of the best array configuration obtained after optimization. The dots represent the hydrophone positions. The first hydrophone at the tip of the (inverted) cone is at position (0m, 0m, 0m), the first circle is composed of 11 hydrophones at a height z = 1.35 m, with a diameter of 1.45 m, and the second circle is composed of 9 hydrophones at a height z = 2.7 m, with a diameter of 2.9 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-final-acoustic-array-obtained-height-2-7-m-largest-iqf3v7u4.png Fig. 7. Final acoustic array obtained. Height: 2.7 m; largest width: 2.9 m. It is composed of 17 HTI-96-MIN and 4 Neptune D/60 hydrophones. (Credits: OSEAN SAS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-msl-and-b-fwhm-obtained-for-25-45-and-65-m-source-2nxjflvl.png Fig. 8. (a) MSL and (b) FWHM obtained for 25-, 45-, and 65-m source shifts. The shifts are the distances between the projection of the array vertical axis on the localization plane and the source y coordinates on the plane. −− represents the thresholds given for MSL and FWHM in Section II-A; • • • in (b) represents the 2-kHz frequency, to illustrate the FWHM differences between the cases at this particular frequency: 45 m for the 65-m shift; 26 m for the 45-m shift; and 15 m for the 25-m shift. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-cbf-maps-obtained-with-the-experimental-data-a-at-3-sv0rbqzw.png Fig. 10. CBF maps obtained with the experimental data. (a) At 3 kHz, with as the array located at (0 m, 0 m, 53 m), • as the boat position located at (8 m, 59 m, 104 m) (where 104 m is the water depth), and × as the source position estimate at (3 m, 60 m, 24 m). (b) At 7 kHz, with as the array located at (0 m, 0 m, 53 m), • as the boat position located at (9 m, 61 m, 104 m), and × as the source position estimated at (2 m, 60 m, 24 m). The shaded circles of radius r = 11.5 m represent the uncertainty zone given for the source position in the localization plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-configuration-of-the-shallowwater-experiment-for-the-x-37e1y41l.png Fig. 9. Configuration of the shallowwater experiment for the (x, y, z) positions. (a) Isometric view: represents the array located at (0 m, 0 m, 53 m), and • the source at (8 m, 59 m, 24 m). (b) Top view: • represents the source at (8 m, 59 m, 24 m), and the array is represented by the dashed circles centered on (0 m, 0 m, 53 m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-element-spatial-positions-for-the-simulated-1rhq3kef.png Fig. 1. Element spatial positions for the simulated configuration. (a) Isometric view: represents the array located at (0 m, 0 m, 50 m), and • represents the source at (0 m, 75 m, 0 m). (b) Top view: • represents the source at (0 m, 75 m), and the array is represented by the dashed circles centered on (0 m, 0 m). https://scispace.com/papers/hygric-properties-of-porous-building-materials-vi-a-round-3sdesux0k8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-mineral-phases-of-the-target-brick-fig-6-the-pore-24f5h6lh.png Fig. 5 The mineral phases of the target brick Fig. 6 The pore volume distribution of the target brick https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-results-of-the-capillary-absorption-test-acap-1trkd0km.png Fig. 9 Results of the capillary absorption test (Acap corrected to 20°C) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-key-information-of-the-1st-round-cup-tests-for-64c0s0z2.png Table 5 Key information of the 1st round cup tests for respective laboratories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-results-of-the-cup-test-37q1wuxy.png Fig. 11 Results of the cup test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-errors-of-the-round-robin-vacuum-36c7y31j.png Fig. 8 Experimental errors of the round robin vacuum saturation test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-experimental-errors-of-the-round-robin-cup-test-3miqag35.png Fig. 12 Experimental errors of the round robin cup test https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-representative-round-robin-campaigns-for-measuring-2069e3m1.png Table 1 Representative round robin campaigns for measuring the hygric properties of porous building materials https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-material-and-repeatability-errors-of-the-target-2ejcey4h.png Table 2 The material and repeatability errors of the target ceramic brick https://scispace.com/papers/hyperbranched-polymers-as-delivery-vectors-for-5d8lkexmoz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-weight-versus-elution-time-plots-solid-ux4kndp5.png Figure 2. Molecular weight versus elution time plots (solid lines) for hyperbranched (P1 Table 1, Entry 1; Figure 1. 48 hrs) and linear DMAEMA. The RI traces for each polymer is shown as dashed lines. The hyperbranched polymer has a much higher molar mass than the linear polymer at the same elution time due to the much more compact nature of the hyperbranched macromolecule in solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cell-uptake-a-and-percentage-of-live-hela-cells-b-13aujxtk.png Figure 9. Cell uptake (a) and percentage of live HeLa cells (b) following uptake of polymer:oligo complexes at various ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gpc-traces-ri-detector-of-p1-during-polymerization-2uai3o72.png Figure 1. GPC traces (RI detector) of P1 during polymerization as a function of time. The traces move to shorter elution time (and hence higher molar mass) and become broad and multimodal as polymerization progresses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cryotem-image-of-hyperbranched-dmaema-chain-2qxv8he6.png Figure 4. CryoTEM image of hyperbranched DMAEMA chain extended with PEGMA. The scale-bar is 50 nm. Additionally, the compact nature of the hyperbranched molecules gives them a spherical conformation in solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-afm-images-of-polymer-dna-conjugates-at-ph-5-5-in-1-wrtb1wfr.png Figure 6. AFM images of polymer:DNA conjugates at pH 5.5 in 1 mM acetate buffer; P1 (a) and P2 (b) at specified N:P ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-molecular-characteristics-of-the-polymers-shown-in-2au6lkvn.png Table 1. Molecular characteristics of the polymers shown in Scheme 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermodynamic-parameters-obtained-from-itc-for-cbpzpt73.png Table 2. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from ITC for titration of P1 and P2 with DNA at pH 5.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-h-nmr-spectrum-of-hyperbranched-dmaema-6xafynpb.png Figure 3. 1 H NMR spectrum of hyperbranched DMAEMA highlighting signals from the RAFT endgroup (methylene adjacent to alkyne group – peak e) and DMAEMA units (peaks b and c). https://scispace.com/papers/hyper-damping-properties-of-a-stiff-and-stable-linear-ywnfmr0gyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-real-part-of-forces-applied-in-the-conventional-sjzcrg52.png Figure 14: Real part of forces applied in the conventional SDoF system: External forcef (–), Elastic force (-· -), Inertial force (- -), Damping force (· · · ). All computations conducted withα=2.4 (Ω optimal),ζ0=0.01,ε=5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-real-part-of-forces-applied-in-the-modified-s9qh1voh.png Figure 15: Real part of forces applied in the modified oscillator: Positive stiffness forceFst (- · -), Inertial forceFmt (- -), Damping forceFht (· · · ), Negative stiffness forceFct (–). All computations conducted withα=2.4 (Ω optimal),ζ0=0.01,ε=5% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-relation-of-the-ratiokc-k0-to-a-in-order-for-1h0ckxuv.png Figure 4: The relation of the ratioκc/κ0 to α in order for the considered system to retain a static equivalent stiffnessκ0: ε=1.5% (· · · ), ε=5% (- -),ε=10% (–). All computations conducted withζ0=0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-time-dependent-velocities-x-andy-of-the-modified-1n9wwjf1.png Figure 10: Time dependent velocities ˙x andẏ of the modified system under a unit impulse: ˙y (–), ẋ (- -). All computations conducted withε=5%, ζ0=0.01,α=2.4 (Ω optimal) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-left-illustration-of-an-acoustic-metamaterial-m-13vrc4s0.png Figure 19: Left: Illustration of an Acoustic Metamaterial (M) configuration as presented in [9]. Dashed line encloses thconsidered periodic segment. Right: The modified Acoustic Metamaterial lattice with the second (inter al) atom being replaced by a the proposed oscillator, incorporating a negative stiffness element atκMc . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-rate-of-change-of-the-energies-within-the-367sxxhm.png Figure 18: Rate of change of the energies within the suggested oscillator: Rate of change of the total potential energy (--), Rate of change of the kinetic energy (· · · ), Power dissipated in the damper (–). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-time-dependent-forces-of-the-modified-system-1g0t1zu1.png Figure 11: Time dependent forces of the modified system undera unit impulse:Fks (–), Fm (- -), Fkc (· · · ). All computations conducted withε=5%,ζ0=0.01,α=2.4 (Ω optimal) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-relation-of-the-ratioke-k0-to-the-design-hljvt2z2.png Figure 3: The relation of the ratioκe/κ0 to the design parameterα = κs/κ0 in order for the considered system to retain a static equivalent stiffnessκ0 for various values of the safety margin design parameterε: ε=1.5% (· · · ), ε=5% (- -),ε=10% (–). All computations conducted withζ0=0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/hysteretic-performance-of-a-new-blind-bolted-connection-to-30gjjt0rjk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-configuration-of-the-connections-1ckklpvp.png Figure 2. Configuration of the connections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-picture-of-test-arrangement-top-view-2x7tdtwt.png Figure 4. Picture of test arrangement (top view). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-moment-rotation-hysteresis-envelope-2myg9cnl.png Figure 10. Comparison of moment-rotation hysteresis envelope curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hysteretic-moment-rotation-curves-for-test-109t8nqn.png Figure 9. Hysteretic moment - rotation curves for test specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cyclic-characteristic-ratios-versus-partial-34jjqska.png Figure 11. Cyclic characteristic ratios versus partial ductility ratio for positive excursions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-the-proposed-extended-hollobolt-ehb-268qhv5i.png Figure 1. Components of the proposed Extended Hollobolt (EHB). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-test-setup-1s0s8zly.png Figure 3. Schematic of test-setup https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-graph-of-joint-rotation-relationships-2nrc7v1m.png Figure 5. Schematic graph of joint rotation relationships. https://scispace.com/papers/i-hate-being-a-burden-the-patient-perspective-on-carer-2ud8fasohx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-gender-als-type-and-disease-duration-1bpcd76i.png Table 1. Age, gender, ALS type and disease duration https://scispace.com/papers/i-could-see-in-the-depth-of-his-eyes-my-own-beauty-reflected-3zzkcuk8qp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-and-one-sample-t-test-against-12bw0gyy.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics and one-sample t-test (against 0) values for facial morphs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-one-sample-t-test-values-oxnmnbtp.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics and one-sample t-test values for facial morph preference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regressionmodel-for-participantmachiavellianism-2m7bk57o.png Table 4 Regressionmodel for participantMachiavellianism, perceptions of dominance, aggression, and masculinity (predictors), and the ratings of Machiavellian faces as short-term and long-term partners (outcome variables). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-model-for-participant-narcissism-sxtjrh6g.png Table 3 Regression model for participant narcissism, perceptions of dominance, aggression, and masculinity (predictors), and the ratings of narcissistic faces as short-term and long-term partners (outcome variables). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-model-for-participant-psychopathy-2yx9q7iy.png Table 5 Regression model for participant psychopathy, perceptions of dominance, aggression, and masculinity (predictors), and the ratings of psychopathy faces as short-term and long-term partners (outcome variables). https://scispace.com/papers/ibm-s-chess-players-on-ai-and-its-supplements-25vydfb3it 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vladimir-kramnik-vs-deep-fritz-2006-38-3r69ptfv.png FIG. 2. Vladimir Kramnik vs. Deep Fritz (2006).38 https://scispace.com/papers/ice-confined-construction-of-a-large-basaltic-volcano-atxqmov8gy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lithofacies-found-at-austurfjoll-code-general-18pch396.png Table 1: Lithofacies found at Austurfjöll Code General Description x= porphyritic https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-key-features-and-significance-of-eruptive-units-78emm93r.png Table 4: Key features and significance of eruptive units described at Austurfjöll, Askja, Iceland https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-composition-of-eruptive-units-were-first-4244xfrz.png Table 3: Mean composition of eruptive units were first defined by stratigraphic relationships and refined based on chemistry. Incompatible trace elements Nb, Rb, Y, Zr, and Ce were used to establish geochemical fingerprints for eruptive units. In order of increasing enrichment of these incompatible elements: Unit 6, Unit 5, Unit 4, Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 3 and Unit 7. Trace element ratios highlight the unique combination of concentrations for the units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-map-of-eruptive-units-at-austurfjoll-defined-by-1tg5qgdo.png Fig. 10 A) Map of eruptive units at Austurfjöll defined by stratigraphy supplemented with geochemical data. B) Insert region of map to highlight the small exposure of Unit 4. C) Simplified stratigraphic column of the history of the glaciovolcanic massif. Relative width of the column is reflective of unit distribution, while thickness corresponds to unit thickness. The appearance of macro-porphyritic units is noted. The units that are cut by caldera faults are indicated. See Online Resource 2 for cross-sections. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-stratigraphically-constrained-unit-2-as-1qov0ftu.png Table 2: Analysis of stratigraphically constrained Unit 2 as a representative of one geochemically distinct magma batch from Austurfjöll (Unit 2). https://scispace.com/papers/ict-production-and-diffusion-in-asia-digital-dividends-or-28dbok5h1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-b-ht18xv99.png Table 7 (a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-nx2jj8s9.png Table 3 (b) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-asias-share-of-global-electronics-consumption-1988-37smahq3.png Table 4 Asia’s share of global electronics consumption, 1988-97 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-a-3nrpruyo.png Table 7 (a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-gap-in-ict-diffusion-over-1994-98-k8s8hc5f.png Table 9 Gap in ICT diffusion over 1994-98 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asian-share-of-global-electronics-production-in-1985-3v0uy4vy.png Table 1 Asian share of global electronics production in 1985-98 (US$ million) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-regression-results-for-ict-diffusion-versus-3jw5sdzh.png Table 10 Regression results for ICT diffusion versus electronics RCA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-b-268xlb1f.png Table 3 (b) https://scispace.com/papers/ideal-cell-innovative-dual-membrane-fuel-cell-fabrication-3x5v6l4urg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-images-of-ydc-doped-with-0-25-1-25-wt-of-b2o3-2f8i57gn.png Figure 1. SEM images of YDC doped with 0.25+1.25 wt.% of B2O3+Li2CO3, Tsint = 950°C (a) and BCY doped with 0.5+2.5 wt.% of B2O3+Li2CO3, Tsint = 1100°C (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photographs-of-poc-three-layers-obtained-by-joining-87oko6yb.png Figure 3. Photographs of PoC three-layers obtained by joining of pre-sintered pellets (left), SPS (right). In both cells the composition of layers is (from top): BCY/CM/YDC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-images-of-central-membrane-layers-added-with-50-1g4hjjic.png Figure 2. SEM images of central membrane layers added with 50 vol.% of starch (left), coarse graphite (center) or fine graphite (right), Tsint = 1100 °C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-images-section-of-the-three-layers-of-a-thick-3zq0b78c.png Figure 4. SEM images (section) of the three layers of a thick PoC sample fabricated by SPS: BCY (a), Central Membrane (b), YDC (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sem-cross-section-image-of-a-5-layer-complete-cell-iyi6idqv.png Figure 5. SEM cross-section image of a 5-layer complete cell fabricated by TC. The composition of layers is (from left): BCY-NiO/BCY/BCY-YDC/YDC/LSCF48. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-micrograph-of-lscf48-feedstock-powder-a-and-plasma-3cejfyja.png Figure 6. Micrograph of LSCF48 feedstock powder (a) and plasma sprayed oxygen electrode (b). Photograph of plasma sprayed cathodic symmetrical cell (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-oxygen-electrodes-deposited-onto-sofc-half-cells-a14xh53j.png Figure 7. Oxygen electrodes deposited onto SOFC half cells produced by plasma spraying. Cross section SEM image and impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-slurries-composition-used-for-the-elaboration-of-the-3hxyu88f.png TABLE 1. Slurries composition used for the elaboration of the complete IDEAL-Cell by tape casting. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-and-characterization-of-a-novel-cathinone-37igzw3lhs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystallographic-data-for-the-unknown-compound-4sua6w8e.png Table 1 Crystallographic data for the unknown compound https://scispace.com/papers/ideal-relaxation-of-the-hopf-fibration-2zfik5rkxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-lorentz-force-and-its-components-of-magnetic-1w1xppth.png FIG. 3. The Lorentz force and its components of magnetic pressure and magnetic tension for the Hopf field. (a)–(c) vector plots of the Lorentz force (red), magnetic tension (blue), and magnetic pressure force (grey) in the plane z¼ 1. (d) Lorentz force and its components in the z¼ 0 plane, where there is only a radial component. (e) Lorentz force and its components in the z¼ –1 plane. The r and Z components of the magnetic tension force and the magnetic pressure force cancel each other to a large degree, leaving mainly the / component. Because of the symmetry of the Hopf field, the components not shown in (a)–(c) can be read from (e). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-grid-distortion-during-relaxation-to-the-final-relaxed-2h2nyiy3.png FIG. 4. Grid distortion during relaxation to the final, relaxed configuration (approx. time t¼ 200). (Upper panel): points initially in the z¼ 1 plane (multimedia view), and (lower panel): distortion of the y¼ 0 plane (multimedia view). The color denotes the deviation of the grid points in the zdirection compared to t¼ 0. [URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4990076.1] [URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4990076.2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-magnetic-energy-density-and-normalized-pressure-on-i2d86ju8.png FIG. 10. Magnetic energy density and normalized pressure on the x-axis for simulation runs with 1:1 ratio of poloidal to toroidal winding with and without background magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-evolution-of-the-degenerate-field-line-in-b1-1-at-qhy6mnm8.png FIG. 5. Time evolution of the degenerate field line in B1;1 at different effective pressures using the magneto-frictional approach (upper panel). Radii at time t¼ 150 for different values of c2s with fit (lower panel). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-squared-of-the-magnetic-field-strength-b2-on-the-x-12g98qju.png FIG. 6. Squared of the magnetic field strength B2 on the x-axis for different times for the B1;1 field. The field was relaxed using the magneto-frictional approach with c2s ¼ 0:2. The magnetic field strength, and hence the magnetic pressure force, is greatly reduced during the relaxation by plasma expansion perpendicular to the field direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radial-component-of-the-lorentz-force-and-radial-1l51weeq.png FIG. 7. Radial component of the Lorentz force and radial component of the pressure gradient along the x-axis. The field was relaxed using the inertial approach with c2s ¼ 0:1 and ¼ 1. The two forces balance each other almost perfectly, indicating that an equilibrium is reached. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-magnetic-surfaces-red-squares-and-pressure-contours-10hfuhum.png FIG. 8. Magnetic surfaces (red squares) and pressure contours (colored lines) in the xz-plane for the relaxed B1;1:01 field. The inner magnetic surfaces coincide with the pressure surfaces. Because the pressure gradients and Lorentz force are much lower on the outer surfaces, convergence to the equilibrium state is much slower. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-magnetic-energy-density-and-normalized-pressure-on-the-25h2uduq.png FIG. 9. Magnetic energy density and normalized pressure on the x-axis for simulation runs with c2s ¼ 0:1 and different ratio of poloidal to toroidal winding. The magnetic energy distribution is different in the two relaxed configurations, with the B3;2 simulation showing highest magnetic field strength around the degenerate torus, and the B2;3 configuration the highest field strength around the z-axis. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-a-consensus-dna-binding-site-for-the-5b86ugati5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-global-analysis-of-spr-biosensor-data-for-atspl14-3b1q70v1.png Figure 3. Global analysis of SPR biosensor data for AtSPL14 SBP domain protein−DNA interaction kinetic analyses. Top panels: The dotted lines represent SPR sensorgrams (resonance units, RU) obtained by injecting different concentrations of the AtSPL14 SBP domain protein (5, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 50 nM; bottom to top) onto a SA sensor chip coated with a representative 156 bp cognate dsDNA fragment identified by SELEX that bound in EMSA competition assays. Binding data were collected at a flow rate of 75 µL/min. Signals from the control reference cell (coated with a noncognate DNA) were subtracted. Bottom panels: Residual plot showing the difference between measured and calculated responses. (A) Best fits of the binding data to a simple bimolecular 1:1 Langmuir binding model are represented by solid black lines.A residual plot showing the difference between measured and calculated responses indicated that the 1:1 Langmuir binding model is not a good fit (±10 RU). (B) Best fits of the binding data to a simple bimolecular 1:1 mass transfer binding model are represented by solid black lines. A residual plot showing the difference between measured and calculated responses indicated that the 1:1 mass transfer binding model is a good fit (±3 RU). Kinetic binding constants were determined for the mass transfer binding model: the association rate constant ka = 2.5 × 107 M−1 s−1, the dissociation rate constant kd = 7.4 × 10−2 s−1, and the equilibrium binding constant KA = ka/kd = 3.3 × 108 M−1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-specific-atspl14-dna-binding-by-electrophoretic-3844vcwl.png Figure 2. Specific AtSPL14 DNA binding by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and competition assays. (A) An example of the initial competition assays by EMSA used to determine binding of the individual dsDNA fragments identified by SELEX. The double-stranded DNA probe was generated by PCR with IRDye 700 fluorescently labeled (probe) or unlabeled (competitor) oligonucleotide primers. The probe (4 nM) was incubated without (−) or with (+) recombinant His-tagged AtSPL14 SBP domain protein (FBR6ss, 60 nM). For testing specificity, increasing amounts of unlabeled competitor were included in the binding reaction; the ratio of competitor:probe is indicated. “Complexes” were separated on an 8% nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel and visualized by infrared imaging. Lanes: (1) free probe; (2) probe plus AtSPL14 SBP domain protein; (3–6) probe plus increasing amounts of unlabeled competitor. (B) For EMSA competition assays, single nucleotide substitutions in the core consensus binding site of a selected dsDNA-binding fragment were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. The core consensus motif is in color with flanking nucleotides in black for the wild-type (wt) dsDNA, and individual nucleotide changes for the mutated (M1–M13) dsDNA are indicated. (C) EMSA competition assays with the wild-type (WT) or mutated (M1–M13) dsDNA fragments. For the binding reactions, “FP” indicates free probe with no protein, “0” indicates no competitor, and the triangles represent increasing amount of competitor in the binding reaction (20× or 40× molar ratios). (D) Band intensities corresponding to bound complexes were determined by infrared imaging (Odyssey; Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE). Binding efficiencies were normalized to a control binding reaction with no competitor on each gel (“0” in panel C). Binding levels with a 20× molar ratio (black bars) and a 40× molar ratio (white bars) of unlabeled competitor are shown. Error bars represent 95% confidence levels from experiments performed in triplicate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-consensus-target-site-for-the-atspl14-sbp-dna-2wd8p0jk.png Figure 1. The consensus target site for the AtSPL14 SBP DNA-binding domain determined by SELEX. Double-stranded DNA molecules containing a 26-nucleotide completely randomized central region were subjected to repetitive cycles of binding to recombinant AtSPL14 bound to a Ni2+-chelating affinity resin and PCR amplification. The individual binders were subsequently tested by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and competition with unlabeled probe (as in Figure 2A), yielding 20 distinct dsDNA fragments capable of binding to the AtSPL14 SBP domain. (A) An alignment of the 20 individual binders based on the results of the web-based multiple expectation maximization for motif elicitation (MEME) analysis program (36). The core consensus sequence nucleotides are in color, the adjacent random nucleotides are in black, and the nonrandom nucleotides derived from the fixed sequence immediately flanking the random nucleotides in the dsDNA pool are in gray. (B) A representation of the consensus DNA target binding motif (disregarding the fixed nucleotides flanking the random core) using WebLogo (37). The degree of conservation is indicated by the height of the letters. The core sequence “CCGTAC” was found in all dsDNA-binding fragments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-steady-state-binding-affinity-for-the-atspl14-sbp-wkr2a3yd.png Figure 4. Steady-state binding affinity for the AtSPL14 SBP domain protein−DNA interaction. (A) SPR sensorgram of different concentrations of the AtSPL14 SBP domain protein (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 nM; bottom to top) injected onto a SA sensor chip coated with a representative 156 bp cognate dsDNA fragment identified by SELEX that bound in EMSA competition assays. Binding data were collected at a flow rate of 25 µL/ min for 10 min to ensure steady-state equilibrium was reached. The response value at equilibrium (Req) was calculated from “fitting” straight lines to a chosen section of sensorgrams where the binding response was stabilized (steady state). (B) Plot of the response value (resonance units, RU) at equilibrium (Req) versus the concentration of analyte. Data were fit to a steady-state affinity model; the equilibrium binding constant KA = 3.8 × 108 M−1 and χ2 = 0.758. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-mutating-the-highly-conserved-cysteine-3qba9ka3.png Figure 5. Effects of mutating the highly conserved cysteine residues in the AtSPL14 SBP domain on DNA-binding capacity. (A) The ability of wild-type (WT) and mutant (CXXX-A or CXXX-S) AtSPL14 SBP domain proteins to bind to a representative 156 bp cognate dsDNA fragment identified by SELEX was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). “FP” is free probe (no protein), and triangles represent increasing amounts of proteins in the binding reaction (60, 300, and 600 nM). (B) SPR sensorgrams showing wild-type (WT) AtSPL14 SBP domain protein binding to a cognate dsDNA immobilized on a SA sensor chip (top) compared to the SBP domain mutants (C120-A to C180-A, bottom). Binding data were collected with 50 nM protein injected at a flow rate of 75 µL/min for 90 s. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-biological-models-from-single-cell-data-a-5g2uycxlfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-indices-on-validation-data-9iq8rxiw.png Table 2. Performance indices on validation data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hyperosmotic-gene-expression-in-yeast-a-hyperosmotic-274s09mz.png Fig. 1. Hyperosmotic gene expression in yeast. (A) Hyperosmotic stress triggers phosphorylation and nuclear import of the protein Hog1,which thereupon activates osmo-stress responsive genes. In addition Hog1 stimulates enzymes involved in the glycerol production pathway, while closure of the membrane glycerol transporter Fps1 prevents glycerol from leaking out. Increasing the intracellular glycerol concentration is the main adaptation mechanism to hyperosmotic stress. Adaptation is prevented by our experimental setup, thus Fps1 and GPD1 mechanisms (depicted in light gray) are not considered in our model (B). Information gathered by fluorescence microscopy. Cells are grown in a microfluidic device which can select between normal and high osmolarity media. A microscope takes fluorescent images of the cells, which are segmented and tracked in real-time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-validation-experiments-simulations-are-compared-to-pvatlvcy.png Fig. 3. Validation Experiments. Simulations are compared to data from a validation set. Figure (A) and (B) show the time evolution of ME and MB’s identified models compared to the time evolution of the observations. (C) shows the time evolution of the pK value for both models, indicating how close the simulated distributions are to the real observed distributions at every time instant. The black dashed line represents the 95% confidence interval, below which, there is significant statistical evidence that the distributions are not equal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-indices-on-identification-data-atkvup78.png Table 1. Performance indices on identification data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-data-the-solid-blue-line-and-shaded-blue-nrya0b31.png Fig. 2. Experimental data. The solid blue line and shaded blue area denote the mean +/- two standard deviations of the samples in the identification set. The dashed red line and shaded red area denote the same quantities of the validation sets. The pulses in the bottom of the figure represent the position of the valve that regulates the osmotic shocks applied to the system. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-di-and-triterpenoid-lipid-tracers-confirms-2igxpwh4ov 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-autoxidation-of-and-amyrins-3-and-4-in-the-surface-2weste9h.png Table 2 Autoxidation of - and -amyrins (3 and 4) in the surface sediments investigated https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-autoxidation-of-betulin-2-in-the-surface-sediments-3k6rnktj.png Table 1 Autoxidation of betulin (2) in the surface sediments investigated https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-autoxidation-of-dhaa-in-the-surface-sediments-2mqwwkc5.png Table 3 Autoxidation of DHAA in the surface sediments investigated https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-human-immune-cell-subtypes-most-vulnerable-371qjymugi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ccr6-expression-marks-t-cells-that-are-most-vulnerable-2xxuizcl.png Fig 3. CCR6 expression marks T cells that are most vulnerable to IL-1β. CD3+ memory T cells were separated into p-NF-kB- and p-NF-kB+ subpopulations in the vehicle-treated and IL-1β-stimulated samples. a, Mean expression of IL-1R1 within the p-NF-kB- and p-NF-kB+ memory T cells. b and c, Representative dot blots showing frequency of p-NF-kB+ and p-p38+ cells within CCR6- and CCR6+ T cell subsets in the vehicle-treated and IL-1βstimulated samples. d and e, Quantified frequency of p-NF-kB+ and p-p38+ cells. f, UMAP overlays showing colocalization of p-NF-kB+ and p-p38+ cells specifically within the CD45RO+ memory T cell subset that expresses CCR6. Moreover, CCR2+ and CD26+ T cells superimposed on the UMAP show that a majority of the CCR6+ memory T cells that show IL-1β-induced signaling co-express CCR2 and CD26. Data shown is mean ± SEM (Unpaired ttest. N=3; * p-value ≤ 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-classical-monocytes-cm-and-cd11c-mdcs-show-il-1b-2v6s6758.png Fig 4. Classical monocytes (CM) and CD11c mDCs show IL-1β-induced expression of p-NF-kB and p-p38. UMAP followed by Leiden clustering was performed on gated CD3-CD19-CD56-HLA-DR+ cells using both vehicle and IL-1β-stimulated cells using cell surface markers as shown in c. a, 12 cell clusters that included monocyte and DC cells were identified as shown superimposed on the UMAP. b, Frequency of 12 subsets and inter-individual variations. c, Heatmap showing median expression of surface markers across all 12 cell clusters. Frequency of d, p-NF-kB+ cells and e, p-p38+ cells within each cluster in the vehicle-treated and IL-1β-stimulated samples. Significant differences represent the comparisons between vehicle and IL-1β-stimulated samples. Data shown is mean ± SEM. Paired t-test. N=3; * p-value ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-abrogation-of-il-1b-induced-signaling-by-anakinra-ana-1vlnvnx7.png Fig 7. Abrogation of IL-1β-induced signaling by Anakinra (Ana). PBMCs were incubated with 10 µg/ml Anakinra for 30 minutes prior to treatment with vehicle and IL-1β for 15 minutes. Cells were PFA-fixed, washed, barcoded and stained with cell surface and intracellular phospho antibodies. Debarcoded, normalized CyTOF data was analyzed in Flowjo. Frequency of p-NF-kB+ a, CCR6+ T cells, b, CD14 monocytes c, CD11c mDCs and d, Lin-CD161+CD25+ cells. Data shown is mean ± SEM. Unpaired t-test. N=5; * mean ± SEM; p ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-il-1b-induces-rapid-expression-of-p-nf-kb-and-p-p38-in-1zxyb2ib.png Fig 1. IL-1β induces rapid expression of p-NF-kB and p-p38 in distinct immune cell subtypes. a, CyTOF antibody panel. Note: markers including chemokine receptors, CD161, CD11b, CD11c and others are expressed on more than one cell type. b, Experimental design. c, SPADE analysis was performed using cell surface markers to identify 200 cell clusters using 10% down-sampling. SPADE tree showing median expression (blue to red depicting low to high) of the indicated lineage markers. The size of each node is proportional to the number of cells in that population. d, 9 immune cell types were identified: Total T cells were identified as CD3+, and subsets as CD4+, CD8+ and CD4-CD8low, B cells as CD19+, NK cells as CD56+CD16+, monocyte subsets as HLA-DR+CD14+ and HLA-DR+CD16+ and DCs as HLA-DR+CD11c+ and HLA-DR+CD123+. Scale: Color blue to red within each cluster corresponds to low to high cell count. e, Representative SPADE tree from a donor showing IL-1β-induced expression of p-NF-kB, p-p38 and p-ERK. Note: the scale min and max depicting median expression differ for each phospho marker. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-prolonged-il-1b-stimulation-induces-expression-of-p-25gn3nf9.png Fig 6. Prolonged IL-1β stimulation induces expression of p-STAT3. a, Time-dependent changes in the frequency of p-STAT3+ cells within T cell clusters. Red, blue and green lines indicate 3 donors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cd16-cd56-cd161-cells-that-express-cd25-shows-20lkp3rq.png Fig 5. CD16-CD56-CD161+ cells that express CD25 shows remarkable induction of p-NF-kB and p-p38 expression upon IL-1β stimulation. UMAP followed by Leiden clustering was performed on gated CD3-CD19HLA-DR- cells using both vehicle and IL-1β-stimulated cells using cell surface markers as shown in c. a, 17 cell clusters were identified as shown superimposed on the UMAP. b, Frequency of clusters and inter-individual variations. c, Heatmap showing median intensity of surface markers across all 17 clusters. Frequency of d, p-NFkB+ cells and e p-p38+ cells within each cluster in the vehicle-treated and IL-1β-stimulated samples. Significant differences represent the comparisons between vehicle and IL-1β-stimulated samples. Data shown is mean ± SEM. Paired t-test. N=3; * p-value ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effector-memory-t-cell-subsets-are-the-predominant-m8touxjd.png Fig 2. Effector-memory T cell subsets are the predominant subsets that express IL-1β induced p-NF-kB and p-p38. UMAP followed by Leiden clustering was performed on CD3+ T cells using both vehicle and IL-1β-stimulated cells and cell surface markers as shown in c. a, 12 T cell clusters were identified as shown superimposed on the UMAP. b, Frequency of T cell clusters and inter-individual variations between donors. c, Heatmap showing median expression of surface markers across all 12 T cell clusters. The color in the heatmap represents the median of the arcsinh for each subset with 0-1 transformed marker expression. The dendrogram represents the hierarchical similarity for subsets. Frequency of d, p-NF-kB+ cells and e, p-p38+ cells within each cluster in the vehicle-treated and IL-1β-stimulated samples. Significant differences represent the comparisons between vehicle and IL-1βstimulated samples. Data shown is mean ± SEM. Paired t-test. N=3; * p-value ≤ 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-image-attributes-that-are-most-affected-ba5wo4froa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-ranks-and-rank-order-of-the-image-attributes-3jcrt2vk.png Table 3. Average ranks and rank order of the image attributes from the image stimuli obtained by the Apple iPhone camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-ranks-from-all-test-stimuli-qvb7aa5z.png Figure 2. Average ranks from all test stimuli. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interface-for-the-psychophysical-test-page-in-1zoq3bd5.png Figure 1. Interface for the psychophysical test page in achromatic mode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-of-images-classified-in-each-category-36lsisle.png Table 1. Numbers of images classified in each category according to their scene characteristics/properties and visual inspection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-ranks-and-rank-order-of-the-image-attributes-12gpr3bl.png Table 2. Average ranks and rank order of the image attributes from the image stimuli obtained by the Canon 30D. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-rice-chromosome-segment-substitution-line-3cy784v0m9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-10-important-agronomic-15kdxaik.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of 10 important agronomic traits of Z322-1-10, Nipponbare and their F3 population https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-qtls-identified-for-nine-agronomic-traits-in-rice-12x6il4q.png Table 2. QTLs identified for nine agronomic traits in rice from the F3 population https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-ssr-markers-using-soybean-glycine-max-ests-4znstn7naq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ssr-primers-designed-from-soybean-ssr-containing-est-2401rmy9.png Table 2. SSR primers designed from soybean SSR-containing EST sequences https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-motif-distribution-of-di-tri-and-tetranucleotide-ssrs-3cfoip7y.png Fig. 1 Motif distribution of di, tri and tetranucleotide SSRs in ESTs from globular stage embryos: (a) Dinucleotide SSRs. (b) Trinucleotide SSRs. (c) Tetranucleotide SSRs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-est-ssrs-identified-uni66wo7.png Table 1. Summary of EST-SSRs identified. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-functional-categories-of-ssr-containing-ests-3n8h0nq9.png Fig. 3 Functional categories of SSR-containing ESTs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-polymorphism-analysis-of-est-ssrs-in-twenty-one-1rzmuvw8.png Fig. 2 Polymorphism analysis of EST-SSRs in twenty-one soybean varieties. The varieties are as follows: 1, Maoyandou; 2, Zhechuanjiwohuang; 3, Qiudou; 4, Miyunlaoyelian; 5, Xiataizimodadou; 6, Bendidahuangdou; 7, Yuandou; 8, Bailudou; 9, Qinyangxiaozihuan; 10, Tuerji; 11, Boaihongzaojiao; 12, JIhuan52; 13, Chichenglvhuangdou; 14, Cansidou; 15, ZYD3263; 16, Luning1hao; 17, Zhongpin661; 18, Zhonghuang27; 19, Hedou13; 20, Fendou37 and 21, Youbian30. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-the-estrogen-receptor-cd-binding-sites-by-1ijp26rl5n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-deano-concentrations-and-ligand-pre-1v1xq677.png Fig. 4 Effect of DEANO concentrations and ligand pre equilibration on the extent of fusion protein modification. (A) MALDI mass spectrum of fusion protein samples incubated with increasing DEANO concentrations for 10 min at 25 uC, washed and removed from the agarose support by a saturated solution of sinapic acid. (B) and (C) MALDI mass spectra of fusion protein samples pre equilibrated with fivefold molar ligand excess, incubated with 2 and 10 mM DEANO, respectively, and removed from the agarose support by a saturated solution of sinapic acid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-depc-concentration-and-ligand-pre-21ikv912.png Fig. 2 Effect of DEPC concentration and ligand pre equilibration on the extent of fusion protein modification. (A) MALDI mass spectrum of the fusion protein incubated for 30 min at 4 uC with increasing concentrations of DEPC, washed and removed from the agarose support by a saturated solution of sinapic acid. (B) MALDI mass spectrum of the fusion protein pre equilibrated with fivefold molar ligand excess, incubated with 2 mM DEPC for 30 min at 4u C and removed from the agarose support by a saturated solution of sinapic acid. https://scispace.com/papers/identification-of-sources-of-resistance-to-damping-off-and-4nuupxk8vk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-source-origin-growth-habit-seed-color-rhizoctonia-1dkl7qf4.png Table 2. Source, origin, growth habit, seed color, Rhizoctonia damping-off score and yield under drought stress and non-stress conditions for partially resistant and drought tolerant lines from set NE-08. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-rhizoctonia-damping-off-and-31ttb9c3.png Table 3. Correlation between Rhizoctonia damping-off and drought tolerance for beans that are cultivars, experimental lines, tepary beans and lines from the National Plant Germplasm System of the NE-08 set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rhizoctonia-damping-off-scores-and-pedigrees-of-bean-3ufs7461.png Table 4. Rhizoctonia damping-off scores and pedigrees of bean lines with partial resistance from the shuttle breeding program between Puerto Rico and Nebraska (NE-14 set). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-between-rhizoctonia-damping-off-and-1i5dl021.png Table 5. Correlation between Rhizoctonia damping-off and drought tolerance for all the bean lines of the NE-14 set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-between-rhizoctonia-damping-off-and-1xjdsr03.png Table 6. Correlation between Rhizoctonia damping-off and drought tolerance for all the bean lines of the NE-14 according to pedigree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-screening-scale-from-1-to-9-1-no-visible-symptoms-1li2zsfb.png Fig. 1. Screening scale from 1 to 9. 1. No visible symptoms. Normal plant development. 2. 10% root infection. Small (3 mm) superficial root lesions. Normal plant development. 3. 10– 20% infection. Small (3–5 mm). superficial lesions surrounding hypocotyls or roots. Normal plant development. 4. 20–35% infection. Small (3–5 mm) deep lesions surrounding hypocotyls or roots. Normal plant development. 5. 35–50% infection. Deep (3–5 mm) lesions surrounding hypocotyls or roots. Secondary roots and plant development reduced. 6. 50–65% infection. Deep (5–10 mm) lesions surrounding hypocotyls or roots. Few secondary roots visible. Plant development highly reduced. 7. 65–80% infection. Deep (10 mm) lesions surrounding hypocotyls or roots. Few or no secondary roots visible. Elongation of hypocotyl, and no formation of first trifoliolate leaf. 8. 80–95% infection. Emergence followed by loss of cotyledon and absence of secondary roots. 9. 95–100% infection. Seed dead. No emergence (Based on Van Schoonhoven and Pastor-Corrales, 1987). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-origin-growth-habit-seed-color-and-rhizoctonia-s6qczdtr.png Table 1. Origin, growth habit, seed color and Rhizoctonia dampingoff score of Phaseolus vulgaris partially resistant lines from set NE-08. https://scispace.com/papers/identify-error-sensitive-patterns-by-decision-tree-vadugncixi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ecoli-dataset-s-decision-tree-in-digitized-form-29ymnf0b.png Table 1 - Ecoli dataset's decision tree in digitized form https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pima-dataset-s-decision-tree-represented-by-26i2n914.png Table 2 - Pima dataset's decision tree represented by enumerated leaf-node IDs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-decision-tree-example-10roywvu.png Figure 1 - A decision tree example https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-another-3-decision-trees-represented-by-enumerated-38ywwqqw.png Table 3 - Another 3 decision trees represented by enumerated lead-node IDs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-weakest-nodes-attributes-values-vs-the-most-27kpe0zd.png Table 4 - The "weakest" nodes' attributes & values VS. The most error-sensitive attributes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-three-way-performance-comparison-after-removing-the-1r9o8asx.png Table 5 – Three-way performance comparison after removing the potentially “weakest” records and the most error-sensitive attributes https://scispace.com/papers/identifying-common-dynamic-features-in-stock-returns-4otigomi33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-smoothed-log-normalized-periodograms-for-djia-1wzjhphh.png Figure 6: Smoothed log-normalized periodograms for DJIA squared return series https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-dow-jones-industrial-average-21x5i5ga.png Table 2: Summary statistics for Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) stock returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-tgarch-11-models-assuming-ged-innovations-wofgzc4s.png Table 3: Estimated TGARCH(1,1) models assuming GED innovations for DJIA stock returns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-complete-linkage-dendrogram-for-djia-stocks-using-2sw7r0fi.png Figure 3: Complete linkage dendrogram for DJIA stocks using the combined LNP-TGARCH distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-dimensional-scaling-map-of-djia-stocks-using-134cyaqg.png Figure 5: Two-dimensional scaling map of DJIA stocks using the LNPbased distance https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors-resulting-from-tgarch-3bzuyhf4.png Table 4: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors resulting from TGARCH distances between DJIA stocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-complete-linkage-dendrogram-for-djia-stocks-using-yjaszrfk.png Figure 1: Complete linkage dendrogram for DJIA stocks using the Mahalanobis-TGARCH distance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-dimensional-scaling-map-of-djia-stocks-using-1zxlp01a.png Figure 4: Two-dimensional scaling map of DJIA stocks using the Mahalanobis-TGARCH distance https://scispace.com/papers/identifying-important-outcomes-for-young-people-with-ckd-and-1b8j00x0tl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-children-with-chronic-kidney-2kzbpia3.png Table 1. Characteristics of the children with chronic kidney disease (N=34) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-caregivers-of-children-with-2oqwa8yl.png Table 2. Characteristics of the caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease (N=62) https://scispace.com/papers/identity-and-emotional-competence-as-mediators-of-the-5g929pxdtt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-sample-3smgg27p.png Table 2. Characteristics of the Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-structural-model-representing-the-relationships-1hmcpawk.png Figure 6. Structural model representing the relationships between psychological maltreatment, identity integration, emotional competence, and adult love attachment style. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-final-fit-indices-for-measurement-and-structural-lgkicjin.png Table 5 Final fit indices for measurement and structural models Model X 2 df p CFI TLI IFI RMSEA (90% CI) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hypothesized-structural-model-representing-the-2pxn2zcn.png Figure 4. Hypothesized structural model representing the indirect relationship between psychological maltreatment, identity integration and adult love attachment styles. Note. The negative correlation for self-esteem is due to the fact that higher scores are indicative of lower levels of self-esteem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hypothesized-measurement-model-representing-the-2dnxep4t.png Figure 2. Hypothesized measurement model representing the validity of the indicator variables in measuring the constructs of interest. Note. e=error terms; „rectangular boxes‟=indicator variables; „ovals‟=constructs of interest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-path-diagram-of-proposed-model-identity-integration-3l2lskmx.png Figure 1. Path diagram of proposed model: Identity integration and emotional competence as mediators of the relation between childhood emotional abuse and neglect, and adult love relationships https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adult-attachment-style-categories-3hw7gioi.png Table 3. Adult attachment style categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hypothesized-structural-model-representing-the-1nl62w8z.png Figure 5. Hypothesized structural model representing the indirect relationship between psychological maltreatment, emotional competence, and adult love attachment styles. https://scispace.com/papers/idle-waves-in-high-performance-computing-5fkkf1wnxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-physical-mechanism-for-the-generation-of-18xio16o.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Physical mechanism for the generation of idle waves in a computation distributed over nine processes. Time is presented in the x axis, while the rank of the process is presented in the y axis. The busy periods are represented by the dark gray (red), idle periods in black, and communication in light gray (blue) lines. An extended busy period in the process with rank four generates two idle periods on nearest-neighbor processes (rank three and five). These idle periods propagate to other processes by local synchronization of nearest-neighbor processes as a wave. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-1-vp-dependency-on-tb-top-panel-l-bottom-27ksgc4w.png FIG. 4. (Color online) 1/vP dependency on 〈TB〉 (top panel), L (bottom panel black line), and o (bottom panel red line). Linear best fits are superimposed to the data points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-interaction-between-two-idle-waves-in-a-simulation-lhx28lch.png FIG. 5. Interaction between two idle waves in a simulation with 384 processes, N = 100 000, and a driven perturbation of the busy period on rank zero. The plot presents time on the x axis and process rank on the y axis. The white and black colors indicate the busy and idle periods, respectively. The insert in the picture represents an enlargement of the rank-time plot during the idle wave interaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-numerical-dispersion-relation-obtained-2vy5scd3.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Numerical dispersion relation obtained from a simulation with communication with nearest-neighbor communication and a collective operation at each computational cycle with N = 100 000 on 96 processes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-numerical-dispersion-relation-obtained-3se8ewon.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Numerical dispersion relation obtained from a simulation using nonblocking send and receive for communication between nearest-neighbor processes with N = 100 000 on 96 processes. In this case, the propagation speed of idle waves is vP ±0.0027 rank/μs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-idle-waves-in-a-simulation-with-2040-3drk43ph.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Idle waves in a simulation with 2040 processes with N = 100 000 and without a perturbation. In the top panel, a contour plot of busy periods. The insert presents an enlargement of the contour plot including 168 processes. The bottom panel shows the numerical dispersion relation of idle waves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-idle-waves-in-a-simulation-with-96-32rhok36.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Idle waves in a simulation with 96 processes, N = 100 000 and a driven perturbation of the busy period (five times the average busy period) on process with rank 50 at time t = 110 ms. The plot in the top panel presents time on the x axis and process rank on the y axis. The white and black colors indicate the busy and idle periods, respectively. The bottom panel shows the numerical dispersion relation plot obtained by spectral analysis (maximum amplitude in red). Two nondispersive waves with opposite propagation speeds vP ±0.0012 rank/μs are present. https://scispace.com/papers/identifying-quantum-topological-phases-through-statistical-3c2kbx88ti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-plot-of-the-n-particle-6uovpvau.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Plot of the n-particle indistinguishability versus c = n/N for several different system sizes computed using Monte Carlo selection of random but contiguous collections of spins for the toric code on a two-dimensional periodic lattice withN = 2L2 spins. The graph shows data collapse and a linear scaling of n with system size N , in contrast to a N1/2 scaling for properly chosen spins [Eq. (4)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-indistinguishability-as-a-function-of-c-mzk05pni.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Indistinguishability as a function of c for the ν = 5/2 system (a) between two degenerate Moore-Read states and (b) between the Moore-Read ground state and the first excited state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-indistinguishability-between-laughlin-1x6unhvw.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Indistinguishability between Laughlin state and calculated ground state as a function of c for ν = 1/3 system with different pseudopotentials. The data for each dV1 are from different system sizes N = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-indistinguishability-as-a-function-of-c-34cpnm4q.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Indistinguishability as a function of c for ν = 1/3 system (a) between two degenerate Laughlin states and (b) between Laughlin state and the first excited state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-squared-wave-function-overlap-between-22dcdken.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Squared wave function overlap between Laughlin state and the ground state of ν = 1/3 system with modulated pseudopotentials V1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-section-of-torus-depicting-the-two-dimensional-2tgkescq.png FIG. 1. Top: Section of torus depicting the two-dimensional basis of the toric code in real space. The sites sit on bonds between vertices to form a square lattice. Bottom: Section of torus depicting twodimensional basis of a single Landau level in real space. Basis states form a periodic array of rings in the Landau gauge. https://scispace.com/papers/if-a-generalised-butterfly-is-apn-then-it-operates-on-6-bits-29vflqbu3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-butterfly-constructions-3utdkff4.png Figure 1: The butterfly constructions. https://scispace.com/papers/ignition-conditions-for-magnetized-target-fusion-in-c30h39y71z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-alternative-version-of-the-lw-diagram-for-36u1rwe5.png Figure 4. Alternative version of the LW diagram for magnetized DT cylinders. A series of ignition boundaries in the ρR, T plane is calculated for three fixed values of the product mB = πρR2B. Each curve is labelled by the corresponding mB value in units of 104 G·g/cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lindl-widner-diagram-for-magnetized-dt-cylinders-at-1jqcjmbq.png Figure 3. Lindl–Widner diagram for magnetized DT cylinders at stagnation. Solid curves show a series of ignition boundaries in the ρR, T plane calculated for four fixed values of the parameter B/ρ, given near each curve in units of G cm3/g. The shaded area is the pure ICF ignition domain at B = 0. The dotted curve illustrates the effect of synchrotron radiation losses at ρ = 1 g/cm3, B = 108 G. Dashed arrows indicate how the fuel states advance towards the ignition boundary in the process of a quasi-adiabatic implosion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-co-ordinate-system-used-in-section-2-1-for-1zquas5f.png Figure 1. Co-ordinate system used in Section 2.1 for calculating the alpha energy deposition fraction fα. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-fraction-fa-which-the-3-5-mev-alpha-74c9i7gw.png Figure 2. Energy fraction fα, which the 3.5 MeV alpha particles deposit in a uniform magnetized DT cylinder, as calculated by performing the numerical integration in Eq. (10) (circles, triangles and diamonds). Approximate formula (15) is plotted with the solid curves. The three curves display the dependence of fα on the dimensionless parameter b for three different values of R̄ (Eq. (5)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-br-form-of-the-lw-diagram-along-each-ignition-3jfayvxs.png Figure 5. The BR form of the LW diagram: along each ignition curve the product BR is kept constant at the corresponding marked value. https://scispace.com/papers/ikzf3-deficiency-potentiates-chimeric-antigen-receptor-t-1vpqyale40 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ikzf3-ko-enhances-her2-car-t-activity-in-vivo-hpkrknoi.png Figure 3. IKZF3 KO enhances HER2-CAR T activity in vivo Firefly luciferase-expressing MAD-MB-453 cells (1.5 x 106) were inoculated subcutaneously in the dorsal flank of right foreleg of the NPSG mice (5 mice/group) before intravenous injection of CAR T cells (5 x 106) 6 days later. Bioluminescence was imaged at various times thereafter (A), the luminescence intensity was quantified (B), and mice survival recorded (C). Groups were compared through two-way ANOVA. Error bars, s.d.; *p<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transcriptome-changes-caused-by-ikzf3-ko-a-hz54kcih.png Figure 4. Transcriptome changes caused by IKZF3 KO (A) Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed by RNA-seq, shown in heatmap (left) and MAplot (right). DEGs are defined as the genes whose expression are changed by at least 1.5x (q<=0.1). RNA-seq was performed twice on different dates, using the CAR T cells derived from Donor 0710 (biological replicates). (B) Enriched pathways in the upregulated (top) and downregulated (bottom) DEGs, as analyzed by DAVID. GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of the Genes and Genome; FDR, False Discovery Rate from Benjamini and Hochberg. (C) Expression levels (in TPM) of selected genes from RNA-seq data. The values are mean+/- SD (n=2 biological replicates). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-basic-features-of-ikzf3-deficient-cd133-specific-civee3yf.png Figure 5. Basic features of IKZF3-deficient CD133-specific CAR T cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-133k3-car-t-cells-showed-improved-antitumor-ned6x2qu.png Figure 6. 133K3-CAR T cells showed improved antitumor efficacy compared with 133-CAR T cells in vitro (A-E) Same as Fig. 2A-E except that the tumor cells were U251 cells expressing firefly luciferase and CD133, and T cells expressed CD133-specific CAR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ikzf3-ko-enhances-her2-car-t-activity-in-vitro-a-3d4s9j24.png Figure 2. IKZF3 KO enhances HER2-CAR T activity in vitro (A) Cytolysis of the target cells (luciferase-expressing MDA-MB-453) after 48 h co-incubation with CAR T cells at indicated effector to target (E/T) ratios. (B) Relative cytokine concentration in the culture media after 24 h co-incubation. (C) Proliferation of CFSE-labeled CAR T cells after 7-day culture in the presence (red) or absence (black) of lethally irradiated MDA-MB-453 cells. The values inside the plots are the “Percent Divided” (top) and the “Division Index” (bottom; see Materials and Methods). (D) Real time monitoring of cytolysis using impedance-based assay for 180 h. MDA-MB-453 cells, attached to the bottom of electrode plate, were cultured with CAR T cells at 1:1 (top) or 1:2 (bottom) effector to target ratio, and cell index (reflecting changes in impedance caused by the loss of tumor cells) measured every 15 min. (E) Cytokine concentration in the media at the end of 180 h incubation. Values are mean+/- S.D (n=3 technical repeats). Groups were compared through two-way ANOVA or two-tailed unpaired t-test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. IL-2 was undetectable (not shown). https://scispace.com/papers/ignition-probability-and-lean-ignition-behaviour-of-a-3lt0xufn7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-stability-limits-from-the-blow-off-1qn5kmjz.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the stability limits (from the blow-off study in Ref. [24]) and the lean ignition limits from the present experiments for the 12-burner (a) and the 18-burner (b) configurations. The flame shapes corresponding to the three regimes are shown in the photographs. (i) Stable flame; (ii) bouncing flame; and (iii) fully lifted flame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-lean-ignition-limits-between-the-12-l8jo9gzb.png Fig. 4. Comparison of the lean ignition limits between the 12- and 18- burner configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-oh-sequences-of-failed-a-and-c-and-successful-b-and-d-3jvazidw.png Fig. 5. OH* sequences of failed, (a) and (c), and successful, (b) and (d), ignition events in the 12-burner configuration (Umix = 30m/s, φ = 0.65), side view. In (a) and (b) the spark location is x/D = 2 and r/S = 0.5, while in (c) and (d) the spark is located at x/D = 2 and r/S = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-graphs-of-ignition-probability-for-the-12-burner-a-and-38wmmy61.png Fig. 8. Graphs of ignition probability for the 12-burner (a) and 18-burner (b) configurations. Each square indicates a spark location and the colour gives the ignition probability. A sketch of the burners is included at the bottom to clarify the spark locations relative to the individual burners. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-oh-sequences-of-successful-ignition-events-for-four-1paz8hwr.png Fig. 6. OH* sequences of successful ignition events for four different spark locations, in the 12-burner (a) and 18-burner (b,c and d) configurations. The spark location is indicated at the bottom of each column. The flow conditions are Umix = 20m/s and φ = 0.65 for (a), (c) and (d), and Umix = 30m/s and φ = 0.68 for figure (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-flow-conditions-3hba04c7.png Table 1. Experimental flow conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-annular-combustor-previously-emplyed-3m0acd62.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the annular combustor, previously emplyed in ref. [24] as seen from the top (a) and the side (B) and of an individual burner (c). (d): photograph of the setup; the flow is from right to left. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-oh-chemiluminescence-sequence-showing-the-spark-3uqxigl4.png Fig. 7. OH* chemiluminescence sequence showing the spark distortion in the 18-burner system. Spark located at x/D = 0.5 and r/S = 0.5. Mixture characteristics: Umix = 20m/s and φ = 0.65. https://scispace.com/papers/ileal-perforation-and-massive-intestinal-haemorrhage-from-hwf7cky77c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intestinal-perforation-from-ectopic-decidua-in-yuabf5tf.png Table 1. Intestinal perforation from ectopic decidua in pregnancy. https://scispace.com/papers/illicit-drug-use-and-labour-market-achievement-evidence-from-5bs699c63w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-illicit-drug-use-and-employment-standard-1m0n54t0.png Table I Summary of illicit drug use and employment (%) (standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-occupational-classes-standard-errors-in-2iz6bs98.png Table II Summary of occupational classes (%) (Standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iiia-the-probability-of-past-drug-use-estimates-for-30-19qc66q5.png Table IIIa The probability of past drug use: estimates for 30-59 cohort (standard errors in parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-signi-cant-associations-with-unemployment-and-1lzeq23p.png Table IV Signi…cant associations with unemployment and labour market achievement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3bv1sx0i.png Figure 1: https://scispace.com/papers/illusory-memories-of-emotionally-charged-words-in-autism-4fq6pgfamy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-age-and-iq-characteristics-of-the-asd-and-37fop7r7.png Table 1 Summary of Age and IQ characteristics of the ASD and Typical Group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-yes-responses-to-studied-and-unstudied-3ecaa6a2.png Table 2 Proportion of ‘Yes’ responses to Studied and Unstudied words and the Target Lures related to them as a function of emotionality and group (values in parenthesis reflect the SD). https://scispace.com/papers/illuminating-hydrological-processes-at-the-soil-vegetation-3so6gh133c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptualization-of-the-processes-affecting-the-17ph30hf.png Figure 1. Conceptualization of the processes affecting the pore water stable isotope composition in the vadose zone during summer and winter in a temperate climate. The plus sign indicates an isotopic fractionation process leading of enrichment in heavy isotopes, the minus represents depletion in heavy isotopes, and the zero is a sign of nonfractionating processes. The text indicates the labels of the closest up to two arrows. Detailed information about spatiotemporal variations of each process are given in the sections 3 to 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relation-between-the-standard-deviation-of-the-2gw8v5m4.png Figure 6. Relation between the standard deviation of the isotopic signal (SD) of the pore water at different depths and the respective precipitation input. Circles represent reviewed studies, where pore water stable isotope sampling was done by suction lysimeters [Asano et al., 2002; Muñoz-Villers and McDonnell, 2012], wick samplers [Timbe et al., 2014], centrifugation [Kudo et al., 2013], cryogenic extraction [Wang et al., 2010b], direct water vapor equilibration [Bertrand et al., 2012], or at lysimeter outflows (C. Stumpp, personal communication, 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dual-isotope-plot-revealing-that-the-evaporation-2hfdyrkn.png Figure 4. Dual-isotope plot revealing that the evaporation fractionation, as an altered 2H-18O relation of the soil water compared to the relation in the precipitation water (GMWL), is globally limited to the upper 30 cm of the soil for most soil water isotope studies [Snyder, 2000;Williams and Ehleringer, 2000;Ohte et al., 2003; Kurz-Besson et al., 2006;Holland et al., 2006; Eggemeyer et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2008; Brooks et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2010b; Rong et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2011; Jia et al., 2012; Goldsmith et al., 2012; Bertrand et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2013;Wei et al., 2013; Schwendenmann, 2016; Berry et al., 2014; Swaffer et al., 2014; Song et al., 2014; Cui et al., 2015; Sprenger et al., 2016b]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-conceptualization-of-the-hydrological-processes-20hyx0eh.png Figure 8. Conceptualization of the hydrological processes influencing the matric potential (ψ), volumetric water content (VWC), and isotopic composition (lc-excess) in the upper 0.5m of the soil during a (a and d) dry period, a (b and e) rain event, and (c and f) the time in between. Graphs Figures 8a to 8f are in chronological order, and the prior state of ψ, VWC, and lc-excess is shown in semitransparent colors, respectively. (g) The dual-isotope plot shows the isotopic composition of fractionated soil water (orange circle), fictitious rainwater (blue diamonds), and the resulting subsequent mixture soil water (green circles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lc-excess-as-defined-in-equation-3-over-the-soil-3cxbocns.png Figure 5. lc-excess as defined in equation (3) over the soil depth as reported in the literature. Points represent the original data and the lines show a local regression for the individual studies (Python statsmodel.lowess). Data for the tropics by Schwendenmann [2016] and Goldsmith et al. [2012]; for the Mediterranean byOhte et al. [2003], Kurz-Besson et al. [2006], and Swaffer et al. [2014]; for arid regions by Snyder [2000], Zhou et al. [2011, 2013],Wei et al. [2013], and Cui et al. [2015]; for the temperate forests by Brooks et al. [2010], Wang et al. [2010b], Rong et al. [2011], and Bertrand et al. [2012]; and for the temperate grasslands by Holland et al. [2006], Eggemeyer et al. [2008], and Song et al. [2014]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dual-isotope-plot-for-water-samples-of-rainfall-3iaw9v40.png Figure 2. Dual-isotope plot for water samples of rainfall, soil pores (the same as in Figure 3; LMWL: δ2H = 6.79 × δ18O + 1.74), streamflow and groundwater in the Weierbach catchment in Luxemburg. Processes affecting the different compartments are shown with indication of fractionating effects as in Figure 1. The standard error of the pore water analysis (0.31‰ for δ18O and 1.16‰ for δ2H) is shown in the error bars in the lower left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-simulated-temporal-dynamics-of-lc-excess-for-a-2tesdi2v.png Figure 9. Simulated temporal dynamics of lc-excess for a forested plot with a sandy soil for the year 2013. (a) Fluxes into the atmosphere by soil evaporation, interception evaporation, and transpiration (lines) and the accompanied lc-excess (points). (b) lc-excess of the soil water across a 3m soil profile. (c) Recharge flux and its lc-excess. (d–f) Range of the simulated lc-excess for each compartment for the simulation period January 2011 to June 2014. (g–i) Range of the lc-excess in the literature. Xylem data from a temperate forest [Bertrand et al., 2012], soil data from soil water isotope studies in temperate forests [Jia et al., 2012; Rong et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2010b; Berry et al., 2014; Brooks et al., 2010; Sun et al., 2008; Bertrand et al., 2012; Sprenger et al., 2016b], and groundwater data from the global meta-analysis by Evaristo et al. [2015]. Note that the y axis for Figure 9e and 9h represent the soil depth and thus the same as for Figure 9b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-peak-shift-methods-to-estimate-transit-times-a-the-3d4t6qy1.png Figure 7. Peak shift methods to estimate transit times: (a) The lag time between a peak in the isotopic signal of the input time series (δinput) and the signal in the output (e.g., outflow of a lysimeter or soil water sampled with wick samplers or suction cup lysimeter) (δoutput) is used. (b) A distinct signal in the input time series (δinput) is related to a peak in the isotopic signal of the soil water δ (ts) sampled at time ts at depth zpeak. (c) A distinct isotopic signal is introduced at time t1 at soil depth zpeak(t1) and found at depth zpeak(t2) at time t2. https://scispace.com/papers/image-based-secret-communication-using-double-compression-2dfd52rzp5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-cdr-with-different-sets-of-q1-and-q2-3kl49rek.png TABLE II CDR (%) WITH DIFFERENT SETS OF Q1 AND Q2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-embedding-extracting-processes-a-original-oqgiceul.png Fig 4: Example of embedding/extracting processes: (a) Original image (b) Secret message (c) Secret message after encryption (d) Embedded image (e) Difference image after scaling 25 times (g) Extracted embedded pattern, and (h) Secret message after decoding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-round-encryption-result-a-original-image-b-secret-7ob1syoc.png Fig 5: Two-round encryption result. (a) Original image, (b) Secret message, (c)–(d) Secret message after the first and second encryption round, (e) Embedded image, (f) Difference image after scaling 25 times, (g) Extracted patterns, (h)–(i) Decoded secret message. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-psnr-db-with-different-sets-of-q1-and-q2-1anru4eh.png TABLE I PSNR (DB) WITH DIFFERENT SETS OF Q1 AND Q2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-embedding-and-extracting-message-scheme-2pljgumn.png Fig 3: Embedding and extracting message scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-qt-of-matlab-1mhl98tt.png Fig 2: QT of Matlab https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-average-psnr-and-cdr-versus-difference-between-q1-3q0qciao.png TABLE III AVERAGE PSNR AND CDR (%) VERSUS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Q1 AND Q2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-qt-of-photoshop-1kwvnh4z.png Fig 1: QT of Photoshop https://scispace.com/papers/image-processing-in-aerial-surveillance-and-reconnaissance-1zx3u01hva 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-example-of-mosaicking-kuqu8ckd.png Figure 3-1 Example of mosaicking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-three-out-of-33-captured-images-from-an-unmanned-1jkgy8ow.png Figure 3-2 Three out of 33 captured images from an unmanned helicopter flying at approximately 50m altitude. A piles of boxes are visible at the right side of the road https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-visualization-of-all-estimated-camera-positions-1skiy1jq.png Figure 3-3 Visualization of all estimated camera positions and orientations (left). The white dots are estimated 3D points of the earth surface. Top and side view of 3D point cloud of the reconstructed scene (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-daylight-data-after-geometrical-correction-and-30cb6elp.png Figure 4-8 Daylight data after geometrical correction and differences found. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-example-of-3d-change-detection-3dolxbgy.png Figure 4-9 Example of 3D change detection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-relation-between-different-types-of-image-185lrkvw.png Figure 1-1 relation between different types of image processing techniques which can be applied on a UAV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-example-moving-object-detection-based-on-motion-wb0rync7.png Figure 4-1 Example moving object detection based on motion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-daylight-data-from-the-sperwer-from-two-different-3paxwehm.png Figure 4-7 Daylight data from the Sperwer from two different runs. https://scispace.com/papers/imaging-generalized-wigner-crystal-states-in-a-wse2-ws2-1recadz7fv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ogh7wlxj.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1ad33cnd.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-18qqkzxu.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/imaging-neural-activity-in-the-ventral-nerve-cord-of-13pugj0lmu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-indirect-flight-muscle-degradation-in-act88f-rpr-2nhjw1mf.png Fig. 6 Indirect flight muscle degradation in Act88F:Rpr animals. Confocal images of dorsal longitudinal IFMs (DLMs) stained with TRITC-Phalloidin at 1 dpe (left), 7 dpe (right), or whole-mount confocal micrographs of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dissection-for-imaging-the-adult-drosophila-ventral-3hq9pw1q.png Fig. 1 Dissection for imaging the adult Drosophila ventral nerve cord (VNC). a Schematic of the dorsal thoracic dissection. b Overview of newly accessible nervous tissue following thoracic dissection. c Confocal image of pan-neuronal driver line expression in the brain and VNC. Scale bar is 90 µm. GFP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-neural-activity-of-dmans-in-the-thoracic-cervical-28rxbmmr.png Fig. 3 Neural activity of dMANs in the thoracic cervical connective during behavior. a Confocal image of MAN-Gal4 driver line expression in the brain and VNC. Scale bar is 40 µm. Neuronal GFP (yellow) and neuropil (nc82, blue) are labeled. A dashed white line highlights the thoracic x–z plane imaged. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-recording-populations-of-neurons-in-the-vnc-during-2wu40a49.png Fig. 2 Recording populations of neurons in the VNC during behavior. a Standard deviation time projection for an experiment performing horizontal section imaging of the VNC. Scale bar is 35 µm. b, c Heat maps of linear regression weights wg and ww showing the pixel-wise relationships between fluorescence traces and b grooming or c walking, respectively. Weights are normalized to the maximum for each image. Data are from the experiment shown in panel a. d ROI-associated fluorescence traces (red from panel b, black from panel c) (top). Shaded regions indicate semi-automatically detected bouts of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-neural-activity-of-mdns-in-the-thoracic-cervical-3tft00g3.png Fig. 4 Neural activity of MDNs in the thoracic cervical connective during behavior. a Confocal image of MDN-1-Gal4 driver line expression in the brain and VNC. Scale bar is 40 µm. Neuronal GFP (yellow) and neuropil (nc82, blue) are labeled. A dashed white line highlights the thoracic x–z plane imaged. https://scispace.com/papers/imaging-the-rotationally-state-selected-no-a-n-product-from-4ttblss7rm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-energetics-of-the-no-a-n-ar-dissociation-derived-3psuix7l.png TABLE I. The energetics of the NO A ,n +Ar dissociation derived from the ion images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectra-taken-with-the-dissociation-laser-fixed-at-the-313zcv25.png FIG. 5. Spectra taken with the dissociation laser fixed at the indicated resonance. a Transition 7 and b transition 4. The probe laser was scanned over the indicated rotational resonances n=0, n=1, and n=2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-rotational-branching-ratios-of-the-above-threshold-11sl4dvl.png TABLE II. Rotational branching ratios of the above threshold resonances. The listed excess energy is the photon energy at the particular transition minus the appearance energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-level-scheme-of-the-noar-cluster-the-j-2b9b8m0p.png FIG. 1. Schematic level scheme of the NOAr cluster. The J sublevels of the P =0.5 and P =1.5 levels of the NO X Ar state overlap. Exact energy levels can be found in Ref. 10. Excitation scheme: the pump laser excites the NO X –Ar J , P to the NO A –Ar J , P cluster. The NO A –Ar J , P cluster dissociates in NO A ,n +Ar. The NO A ,n molecule is rotationally state selectively ionized using a second laser. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-photodissociation-action-spectra-of-the-3ihpmblt.png FIG. 2. Color online Photodissociation action spectra of the NO X –Ar cluster. The lowest trace shows the spectrum observed with the pump laser only and the probe laser blocked detecting “hot” NO in the background. The other traces are recorded in combination with the probe laser ionizing NO A ,n molecules in the specified rotational state. The excitation scheme is depicted in Fig. 1. The transitions originating from the NO–Ar clusters are labeled with Nos. 1–8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-c-abelinverted-ion-images-obtained-for-1o1pxxeo.png FIG. 3. Color online A – C Abelinverted ion images obtained for transition 7 for n=0, 1, and 2. D Kinetic energy distribution of the NO+ fragment derived from the ion images above. Note that the transients are normalized and do not reflect the branching ratios. E Angular distributions of the NO+ fragment. https://scispace.com/papers/imenotteri-italiani-famiglie-pompilidei-dolicuridei-1j1my4upwp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-salius-sexpunctatus-v-nigripes-f-2-hemipepsis-barbara-3rbbc1a8.png Fig. 1 Salius sexpunctatus, v. nigripes. ,f 2 Hemipepsis barbara. </ https://scispace.com/papers/imaging-transcriptomics-convergent-cellular-transcriptomic-1v0y83bvfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-imaging-transcriptomics-neuroreceptors-synaptic-1lqs5iph.png Figure 2. Imaging transcriptomics (neuroreceptors, synaptic proteins and metabolism). (A) - Regional distribution of each marker. (B) – Regional distribution of the PLS1 weights. (C) – Brain cell-type enrichment analyses: Positive normalized enrichment ratios (NER) indicate enrichment for genes of a certain brain cell-type among the genes with positive weights in PLS1 (i.e. positively correlated with the distribution of the neuroimaging marker); negative NERs indicate the reverse; grey squares indicate that the NER did not reach significance (pFDR>0.05). The full statistics underlying the tile plot can be found in Supplementary data S1. Abbreviations: Ast – astrocytes; End – endothelial; Ex – excitatory neurons; In - inhibitory neurons; Mic – microglia; Oli – oligodendrocytes; OPC – oligodendrocyte precursor cells; Per – pericytes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-imaging-transcriptomics-translocator-protein-and-1omp0kan.png Figure 4. Imaging transcriptomics (Translocator protein and cyclooxygenase). (A) - Regional distribution of each marker. (B) – Regional distribution of the PLS1 weights. (C) – Brain cell-type enrichment analyses: Positive normalized enrichment ratios (NER) indicate enrichment for genes of a certain brain cell-type among the genes with positive weights in PLS1 (i.e. positively correlated with the distribution of the neuroimaging marker); negative NERs indicate the reverse; grey squares indicate that the NER did not reach significance (pFDR>0.05); The full statistics underlying the tile plot can be found in Supplementary data S1. Abbreviations: Ast – astrocytes; End – endothelial; Ex – excitatory neurons; In - inhibitory neurons; Mic – microglia; Oli – oligodendrocytes; OPC – oligodendrocyte precursor cells; Per – pericytes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-neuroimaging-markers-and-respective-16ffycaw.png Table 1. List of neuroimaging markers and respective hypotheses. In this table, we present a summary of all neuroimaging markers used in our transcriptomics analyses and the respective a priori hypotheses we formulated in respect to the biological and cellular pathways that we expected to align with the regional distribution of each tracer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-imaging-transcriptomics-astroglia-and-myelin-a-1orl6uxc.png Figure 3. Imaging transcriptomics (astroglia and myelin). (A) - Regional distribution of each marker. (B) – Regional distribution of the PLS1 weights. (C) – Brain cell-type enrichment analyses: Positive normalized enrichment ratios (NER) indicate enrichment for genes of a certain brain cell-type among the genes with positive weights in PLS1 (i.e., positively correlated with the distribution of the neuroimaging marker); negative NERs indicate the reverse; grey squares indicate that the NER did not reach significance (pFDR>0.05); The full statistics underlying the tile plot can be found in Supplementary data S1. Abbreviations: Ast – astrocytes; End – endothelial; Ex – excitatory neurons; In - inhibitory neurons; Mic – microglia; Oli – oligodendrocytes; OPC – oligodendrocyte precursor cells; Per – pericytes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-imaging-transcriptomics-pipeline-a-for-each-736phukh.png Figure 1. Imaging transcriptomics pipeline. (A) For each neuroimaging marker, we calculated the average distribution within each of the 83 regions-of-interest of the Desikan-Killiany (DK) atlas; only the data from the left hemisphere was used for further analyses since the Allen Human Brain Atlas only includes data from the right hemisphere for two subjects; (B) Gene expression analysis. We used abagen to obtain gene expression profiles from the AHBA in the 41 regions of the DK atlas (left hemisphere) across the six post-mortem brains sampled in this atlas. We excluded all genes with normalized expression values below the background (15,633 genes met this criterion). When more than one probe was available for https://scispace.com/papers/imaging-through-turbulence-using-compressive-coherence-414fhsg0ah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-a-control-experiment-for-the-reconstruction-15m0mk77.png Fig. 3. Results of a control experiment for the reconstruction of three LEDs not aberrated by turbulence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-using-approach-in-eqs-7-to-image-three-leds-kcdrnu17.png Fig. 2. Results of using approach in Eqs. (7) to image three LEDs aberrated by turbulence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-experimental-setup-to-measure-the-mutual-air886i7.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Experimental setup to measure the mutual intensity from LEDs with a phase distortion. https://scispace.com/papers/immediate-effects-of-the-mindful-body-scan-practice-on-risk-3vzohljyub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bivariate-correlations-for-all-study-variables-at-vb9zw0jy.png Table 2 Bivariate Correlations for All Study Variables at Both Time Points https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-all-study-variables-kir383xc.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for All Study Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-profile-plot-of-time-main-effect-8xf42ejt.png Figure 1 Profile Plot of Time Main Effect https://scispace.com/papers/imitating-unfamiliar-sequences-of-connected-linear-motions-g6ibf1adno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-transposition-analysis-2r2hzgte.png TABLE 1. Results of the transposition analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-mean-orientation-error-over-all-trajectory-segments-1e0dwk1f.png FIG. 5. A: mean orientation error over all trajectory segments as a function of model length. B: orientation errors broken down by serial position. Each curve corresponds to stimuli of a different length: E 3 segments; 4 segments; and 5 segments; ✕ 6 segments; 7 segments. Error bars are within-subject SE, for each curve independently. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-4-segment-stimulus-model-presentation-and-2f9ej9al.png FIG. 1. Example of a 4-segment stimulus model presentation and imitation attempt. A: stimulus disc moved along a series of 4 straight, connected segments. Dashed line represents the disc’s path, with the dashed circle signifying the trajectory’s starting point. Here the disc is shown at the end of its trajectory. Shortly after completing the trajectory, the stimulus disc disappeared. Although its complete path is shown here, subjects saw only the instantaneous position of the disc. B: when subjects reproduced the disc’s trajectory, a smaller disc moved on the screen according to the movements of the stylus on the tablet. Path that the stylus traveled was displayed to the subject as a thin line. Disc in this example is shown at the end of the subject’s reproduction of the model. C: on lifting the stylus from the tablet, subjects were shown their own reproduction (thin line), as well as the original model (thick line), so information about the quality of the imitation was available to them. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-serial-position-curves-based-on-errors-in-relative-3uob1ezt.png FIG. 6. Serial position curves based on errors in relative changes of orientation between segments. Numbers on the x-axis indicate the serial positions of the segments whose relative orientation is being compared. Curves show results from models with different number of segments. Symbols used to represent each model length are identical to those used in Fig. 5B. Error bars are within-subject SE, for each curve independently. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-serial-position-curves-based-on-a-spatial-location-xu1kqeg4.png FIG. 8. A: serial position curves based on a spatial location metric. y-axis shows the 2D discrepancy between the coordinates of each segment’s midpoint and the midpoint of the corresponding segment in the imitation. Units are percentage of the length of a segment in the stimulus model; a value of 100, the entire length of a segment, would be an error of 1.15° visual angle. B: length of reproduced segments. Units are percentage of the segment length in the stimulus model. In both A and B, curves show results from models with a different number of segments, represented by symbols identical to those in Fig. 5B. Error bars are within-subject SE, for each curve independently. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-repetition-of-segment-orientation-on-the-2juo426k.png FIG. 7. Effect of repetition of segment orientation on the quality of imitation. A: errors with 4-segment models. B: errors with 5-segment models. Filled symbols represent performance with segment repetition in models; open symbols represent performance with no repetition. Error bars are within-subject SE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-errors-in-the-number-of-segments-in-imitations-plot-1gk8fvx6.png FIG. 3. A: errors in the number of segments in imitations. Plot shows the percentage of trials on which the correct number of segments had been reproduced, for different model lengths. B and C: segment omission, but not insertion, occurs more frequently for longer models. Plots show the percentage, out of the total number of trials, where a false insertion (B) or omission (C) of one segment occurred, for each model length. Error bars are within-subject SE (Loftus and Masson 1994). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-f-segmentation-algorithm-examples-thin-solid-lines-3q8phb5u.png FIG. 2. A–F: segmentation algorithm examples. Thin, solid lines represent imitation attempts by various subjects. Filled circles represent the segment endpoints found by the algorithm, based on the imitation’s spatial and temporal characteristics. Detected endpoints were used to form straight segments, shown here as dashed lines, with the dashed circles representing the models’ starting points. Good reproductions usually resulted in successful automatic detection of endpoints (A and B). Unclear or ambiguous attempts (C–F), however, tend to cause difficulty in correctly interpreting the intended number of segments. Note that model segments were of constant length; here, models and their reproductions have been scaled so as to occupy roughly a constant area within the figure. Horizontal scale bars in each panel represent the actual size of a segment in the stimulus model. G and H: movement speed profiles for 2 representative trials. G: speed at which the stylus moved during the imitation described in A. Filled dots along the horizontal axis indicate the times at which the algorithm identified segment breakpoints. H: speed profile and identified segment breakpoints for the imitation presented in E. Jaggedness of the speed profiles reflects the relatively coarse, 50-Hz sampling of stylus position. https://scispace.com/papers/immercity-communicating-about-virtual-and-augmented-3xms024716 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-key-buildings-xc3p186t.png Figure 1: Key buildings https://scispace.com/papers/imitation-learning-of-an-intelligent-navigation-system-for-3z6thu4o4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reservoir-computing-network-left-and-robot-model-1425auaa.png Figure 1. Reservoir Computing network (left) and Robot model (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameter-configuration-h9sg0fgh.png Table 2. Parameter configuration https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-environment-e3-2iftvz57.png Table 4. Results - Environment E3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-environment-e3-and-trajectory-of-recna-controller-2hc14qrn.png Figure 5. Environment E3 and trajectory of RECNA controller. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-environments-e1-and-e2-hg3nccgb.png Table 3. Results - Environments E1 and E2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-environment-e4-and-respective-results-for-target-1clnhpky.png Figure 6. Environment E4 and respective results for target seeking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-environment-e2-and-trajectory-of-recna-controller-5yb1ryde.png Figure 4. Environment E2 and trajectory of RECNA controller. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-output-of-controllers-in-e1-2wx2zn71.png Figure 3. Output of controllers in E1. https://scispace.com/papers/imex-evolution-of-scalar-fields-on-curved-backgrounds-4lh3gozi0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-ark3-for-case-ii-imex-splitting-270rklwl.png FIG. 4: Performance of ARK3 for case (ii) IMEX splitting. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-of-ark3-for-case-i-imex-splitting-the-2pmue7ds.png FIG. 3: Performance of ARK3 for case (i) IMEX splitting. The dotted line corresponds to exact third-order convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-three-dimensional-off-center-experiment-with-ark4-3ryzb11r.png FIG. 7: Three-dimensional off-center experiment with ARK4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-error-of-implicit-evolutions-relative-to-the-explicit-519cx6qt.png FIG. 2: Error of implicit evolutions relative to the explicit reference solution. The dotted line is a least-squares fit of the last five 1d data points, although shifted to make for a better figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-errors-for-the-modified-model-experiment-note-the-325k1pkx.png FIG. 8: Errors for the modified model experiment. Note the dotted curve giving the deviation of the explicit-reference ψ from the Ansatz ψ0. The large deviation at early times is present since the Ansatz is not the exact solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-of-ark4-for-case-iii-imex-splitting-the-1qdkh92t.png FIG. 6: Performance of ARK4 for case (iii) IMEX splitting. The dotted line corresponds to exact fourth-order convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-field-configurations-at-initial-and-final-times-1rml0chy.png FIG. 1: Field configurations at initial and final times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-step-sizes-for-explicit-reference-and-implicit-tl8gcmjs.png FIG. 9: Time-step sizes for explicit-reference and implicit evolutions. https://scispace.com/papers/immobilization-of-monolayer-protected-lipophilic-gold-1sklejon9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structures-of-the-ligands-used-to-3bw3nvnq.png Figure 1. Chemical structures of the ligands used to functionalize GNRs (CTAB and 1) and glass (MPTS) surfaces, and a schematic representation of the GNR ligand exchange and of the immobilization of GNRs on a glass surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-height-distribution-graph-of-the-topographic-images-jr96h7at.png Figure 6. Height distribution graph of the topographic images of C-over and D-over GNR–1 coated glasses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uv-visible-spectra-of-the-starting-gnr-1-reduced-by-2okpfwpj.png Figure 4. UV–visible spectra of the starting GNR–1 (reduced by a factor of 10 for the purposes of clarity) and of GNR–1 immobilized on glass slides under different conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2d-afm-images-of-c-over-a-and-b-and-d-over-c-and-d-26iwb6xk.png Figure 5. 2D AFM images of C-over ((A) and (B)) and D-over ((C) and (D)) GNR–1 coated glasses (A/C = 10× 10 µm2 and B/D = 2.5× 2.5 µm2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-ftir-spectra-of-ctab-kbr-neat-1-ccl4-and-gnr-1-b-1i86mxii.png Figure 3. (A) FTIR spectra of CTAB (KBr), neat 1 (CCl4) and GNR–1. (B) MD snapshot of 1 SAM (self-assembled monolayers) on an Au(111) surface showing the intermolecular H bonding between 1 molecules (black dashed line; Au: violet, S: yellow, C: gray, N: blue, O: red, H: white). (C) Atomic density profile of Au surface atoms and O, N, H and C atoms constituting the amide group and C from the external methyl group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-uv-visible-spectra-a-and-tem-images-2evy041w.png Figure 2. Representative UV–visible spectra (A) and TEM images ((B) and (C)) of water-soluble (GNR–CTAB) and lipophilic (GNR–1) gold nanorods, respectively. (D) Photographs of GNRs dissolved in water (GNR–CTAB) and in chloroform (GNR–1) after ligand exchange. https://scispace.com/papers/immunocytochemical-detection-of-p16ink4a-protein-for-the-45x3v7n993 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-positive-staining-in-a-dyscaryotic-cells-x400-1cyjhozo.png Figure 2. Positive staining in a dyscaryotic cells, x400 https://scispace.com/papers/immune-cell-mediated-inflammation-and-the-early-improvements-184vwcoo4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-metabolic-and-inflammatory-variables-in-1w1771sy.png Table 1 Clinical, metabolic and inflammatory variables in participants with type 2 diabetes and IGT at times indicated after gastric banding surgery https://scispace.com/papers/immunochemical-reactivity-of-soybean-b-conglycinin-subunits-460flboglk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sds-page-10-polyacrylamide-part-a-and-the-26tk2vsz.png Figure 5. SDS-PAGE 10% polyacrylamide (part A) and the corresponding blottings developing with antiaa? serum (part B) and with anti-b serum (part C). Lane 1, recombinant a-CT domain; lane 2, recombinant a subunit; lanes 3 soybean purified b subunit; lane 4, soybean purified aa? subunits. Proteins are identified on the right. Molecular weights in kDa are indicated on the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sds-page-in-a-5-15-polyacrylamide-linear-gradient-1t986qon.png Figure 1. SDS-PAGE in a 5 /15% polyacrylamide linear gradient (part A) and the corresponding blottings developed with anti-aa? serum (part B) and with anti-b serum (part C). Lane 1, soybean isolate; lane 2, crude 7S fraction; lane 3, aa? purified fraction; lane 4, b purified fraction. Proteins identified on the left: a? a, b and b? subunits of b-conglycinin; A and B polypeptides of glycinin. Molecular weights in kDa are indicated on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-diagram-of-mature-beta-conglycinin-u6ljgks5.png Figure 4. (A) Schematic diagram of mature beta-conglycinin subunits and a-C-terminal domain (a-CTD). Extension region, N and C terminal domains are presented in squared, grey and dark-grey boxes, respectively. Helix regions at the N and C terminal domains are shown in black. C represents glycosylation sites. (B) Hydropathic profile of a and ß subunits using the Hopp-Woods method calculated by the Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel (http://bioinformatics.weizmann.ac.il). EF loop and Helix region of the N and C terminal domains are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-analysis-of-the-cross-reactivity-between-aa-29hkpzj5.png Figure 3. Analysis of the cross-reactivity between aa? subunits and b-subunit. (A) Binding of anti-aa? serum to aa? subunits coated wells, when the serum is preincubated with aa? subunits (solid circles) or b-subunit (empty triangles). (B) Binding of anti-b serum to b subunit coated wells, when the serum is preincubated with aa? subunits (solid circles) or b-subunit (empty triangles). Points are means of three independent experiments and vertical bars represent the standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analysis-of-soybean-protein-isolate-by-anion-1hi1i21c.png Figure 2. Analysis of soybean protein isolate by anion exchange chromatography under denaturing conditions. Part A shows the chromatographic profile obtained when elution is performed with the NaCl concentration indicated by the grey line. SDS-PAGE of the fractions indicated at the elution profile are shown in Part B; and the corresponding blottings developed with anti-aa? serum in Part C. Peak 1 contains b? subunit and other low molecular weight proteins; peak 2, b subunit; peak 3, a? subunit; peak 4, a? and a subunits. Proteins identified on the left: a?, a, b and b? subunits of b-conglycinin; and A and B polypeptides of glycinin. Molecular weights in kDa are indicated on the right. https://scispace.com/papers/immunodiagnosis-of-primary-toxoplasma-gondii-infection-in-40vx41w4f3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anti-p30-avidities-determined-in-sheep-initially-2mubopub.png Table 2 Anti-P30 avidities determined in sheep initially seropositive in a T. gondii somatic antigen ELISA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-results-from-three-different-1i57zp6m.png Table 1 Comparison of results from three different Toxoplasma gondii ELISAs (see Materials and methods) with sera from 92 clinically healthy sheep, sampled at slaughter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-avidities-obtained-from-eight-sheep-experimentally-74ek5bqg.png Fig. 2 Avidities obtained from eight sheep experimentally infected with T. gondii. The dashed lines mark the area borders of low (up to 25%), intermediate (26–35%) and high avidity (more than 35%). dpi Days post-infection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparative-dot-plot-of-values-obtained-with-92-sheep-3ajq06qu.png Fig. 1 Comparative dot-plot of values obtained with 92 sheep sera tested in the Toxoplasma gondii SA- and P30-ELISA (see Materials and methods). The values are expressed as antibody units (AU). The dashed lines indicate the negative/positive thresholds determined for each antigen https://scispace.com/papers/immunogenicity-and-safety-of-13-valent-pneumococcal-29wt5gkadl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participants-achieving-a-pneumococcal-igg-antibody-4rtff7ad.png Table 2. Participants Achieving a Pneumococcal IgG Antibody Concentration ≥0.35 µg/mL 1 Month After Dose 3 (Evaluable 489 Immunogenicity Population) 490 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-pneumococcal-igg-gmcs-ug-ml-1-month-1u4v0xd6.png Table 3. Comparison of Pneumococcal IgG GMCs (µg/mL) 1 Month After Dose 3 (Evaluable Immunogenicity Population) 499 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-subjects-reporting-local-reactions-systemic-events-19kwffu3.png Table 5. Subjects Reporting Local Reactions, Systemic Events, and Antipyretic Medication Use on Days 2–6 524 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-pneumococcal-opa-gmts-1-month-after-3i8u2hmm.png Table 4. Comparison of Pneumococcal OPA GMTs 1 Month After Dose 3 (Evaluable Immunogenicity Population)a 510 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-population-1axotbjt.png Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of the Population Evaluable for Immunogenicity 482 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-551-552-k8k6m8l4.png Figure 1. 551 552 https://scispace.com/papers/impact-analysis-of-sars-cov2-on-signaling-pathways-during-4zpocbxrbb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-disconnected-networks-showing-one-viral-node-yellow-194c9gwf.png Figure 3: Disconnected networks showing one viral node (yellow node) to many host nodes interacting positively (blue node) and negatively (green node). Among 20 viral proteins, 09 viral proteins (Nsp1, Nsp2, Nsp6, Nsp7, Nsp9, M, N, Orf3a and Orf7a) are interacting positively by unique (one-to-one) host protein and the 08 viral proteins (Nsp3, Nsp5, Nsp10, Nsp11, Nsp12, Nsp16, Orf8 and Orf10) are interacting negatively with unique host protein. Nsp13, Nsp14 and Nsp15 involve both types of interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-few-top-pathway-central-proteins-with-the-number-of-dz0zwtti.png Table 5: Few top pathway central proteins with the number of pathways they participating (out of 17 pathways), PPI centrality score and number of viral proteins (Vp) targeting the proteins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-degree-distribution-of-859-interacting-host-3toedpw7.png Figure 7: Degree distribution of 859 interacting host proteins in terms of number of associated signaling pathways (candidate). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-rscu-scores-for-59-codons-for-luaxzbh8.png Figure 1: Distribution of RSCU scores for 59 codons for different (a) SARS-CoV2 proteins (b) Host proteins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-frequency-distribution-of-positive-right-and-3u039a8u.png Figure 4: (a) Frequency distribution of positive (right) and negative (left) correlation scores for interacting proteins in terms of RSCU based codon similarity showing a normal distribution. (b) Box plot showing the range of correlation values for each viral protein while associated with its target proteins. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-from-previous-page-rf7sg82l.png Table 3 – continued from previous page https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-highly-interacting-host-proteins-hp-targeted-nog0wo5i.png Table 3 – continued from previous page https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-is-showing-for-the-viral-protein-and-38h0uj54.png Figure 2: An example is showing for the viral protein and host protein codon usage RSCU pattern. x-axis is showing 59 codons and y-axis is for respective RSCU value of each codon. (a) Viral protein Orf7a that showed positive correlation (r = 0.58) with host protein TANK. (b) Viral protein Spike (S) that showed negative correlation (r = −0.73) with host protein GDF15. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-a-novel-hybrid-accelerometer-on-satellite-3aah1q93ph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-asd-of-the-los-projection-of-the-total-f0dsmfto.png Figure 2. ASD of the LOS projection of the total accelerometer noise assuming a 1D- (a) and a 3D-hybridization (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-degree-rms-of-residual-coefficients-for-a-grace-1ikxqc40.png Figure 8. Degree RMS of residual coefficients for a GRACE-type (a) and Bender-type (b) mission under consideration of the static gravity field signal, its temporal variations induced by AOHIS and instrument errors assuming a 3D-hybridization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-degree-rms-of-residual-coefficients-for-a-grace-3hvdu7lu.png Figure 7. Degree RMS of residual coefficients for a GRACE-type (a) and Bender-type (b) mission under consideration of the static gravity field signal, its temporal variations induced by HIS and instrument errors assuming a 3D-hybridization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-degree-rms-of-residual-coefficients-of-mean-daily-1zq95el5.png Figure 10. Degree RMS of residual coefficients of mean daily solutions (solid lines) as well as daily variations (dashed lines) obtained by Wiese parametrization of Bender-type-mission-based observations considering HIS(a) and AOHIS-induced (b) temporal gravity field variations. A 3D-hybridization is assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-degree-rms-of-residual-coefficients-for-a-grace-zrhbivj3.png Figure 9. Degree RMS of residual coefficients for a GRACE-type (a) and Bender-type (b) mission under consideration of the static gravity field signal, its temporal variations induced by AOHIS as well as ocean tides and instrument errors assuming a 3D-hybridization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-asd-of-investigated-ea-cai-hybridization-scenarios-1r48go3k.png Figure 1. ASD of investigated EA/CAI hybridization scenarios and a regular EA. The dotted black line depicts the spectrum common to the respective hybrid scenario and the stand-alone EA. The thick dashed grey line represents the Laser Ranging Interferometer noise in terms of range accelerations. Vertical dashed grey lines represent the maximal contributing observation frequency to spherical harmonic coefficients of the given degree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-asd-of-the-residual-drag-specifications-in-along-1t1c5h6f.png Figure 11. a) ASD of the residual drag specifications in along-track, cross-track and radial directions as specified in ESA’s SC4MGV project; b) input accelerometer noise for the reduced-scale simulator in case of a standard EA with and without considering the scale factor (10-2 for every axis); c) input accelerometer noise for the reduced-scale simulator in case of case 4 assuming a 1D-hybridization with and without considering the scale factor (10-5 for along-track, 10-2 for cross-track and radial), d) Degree RMS of residual coefficients for a GRACEtype and Bender-type mission under consideration of the static gravity field signal and the standard EA instrument scenario with and without taking into account the scale factor according to b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-improvement-of-the-formal-errors-of-case-3-qpgnpdbo.png Figure 4. Relative improvement of the formal errors of case 3 (a) and 4 (b) towards the EA scenario for a GRACE-type mission under consideration of the static gravity field signal and instrument errors assuming a 3Dhybridization. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-age-on-breast-cancer-mortality-and-competing-3uh4scpj6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-tumour-and-treatment-characteristics-by-age-xklfh9wz.png Table 1. Patient, tumour and treatment characteristics by age at diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-survival-outcomes-by-age-at-diagnosis-1ko58ruu.png Table 3. Survival outcomes by age at diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cause-of-death-by-age-at-diagnosis-1uvf96nv.png Table 2. Cause of death by age at diagnosis https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-channel-constrictions-on-the-formation-of-multiple-4yjq00l72n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-drain-current-as-a-function-of-vg1-for-the-drain-3hylk4o8.png FIG. 4. a Drain current as a function of VG1 for the drain voltages from 1 mV top to −1 mV bottom with VG2=VG3=0 V at 4.2 K for device C. b Gray-scale plot of device C drain current as a function of VG1 and VG2 at 4.2 K with Vd=0.1 mV, VG3=0 V. Vertical lines are due to the artifacts of the measurement system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-differential-conductance-gray-scale-7xrbutq4.png FIG. 3. Color online a Differential conductance gray-scale plot of device B as a function of Vd and VG1 with VG2=2 V at 5 K. b Drain current of device C as a function of Vd and VG3 with VG1=VG2=0 V at 4.2 K. Vd varies from 5 mV top to −5 mV bottom . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-device-a-measurement-results-a-differential-1rf9z5zh.png FIG. 2. Device A measurement results: a differential conductance gray-scale plot as a function of Vd and VG3 with VG1=VG2=0 V at 4.5 K. b Drain current gray-scale plot as a function of VG1 and VG2 with Vd=10 mV, VG3=0 V at 5 K. c Drain current plot as function of VG3 at various temperatures for Vd =10 mV, and VG1=VG2=0 V. d Differential conductance gray-scale plot as a function of Vd and VG3 with VG1=VG2=2 V at 4.2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sem-image-of-the-fabricated-set-structure-b-device-a-28d83n2m.png FIG. 1. a SEM image of the fabricated SET structure; b device A dot region, scale bar: 60 nm; c device B dot region, scale bar: 60 nm; d device C dot region, scale bar: 50 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-cognitive-impairment-across-specialties-summary-of-2c44pwi4wk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-represented-specialties-jkb0z097.png Table 1. Represented Specialties https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-topics-that-nongeriatric-subspecialty-researchers-2k5g5rlq.png Table 2. Topics that Nongeriatric Subspecialty Researchers Can Explore in Aging Research https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-data-sets-for-dementia-researchers-31ebk4m4.png Table 3. Examples of Data Sets for Dementia Researchers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multiple-comorbidities-affect-the-cognitive-ofbqgmdi.png Figure 1. Multiple comorbidities affect the cognitive function of the aging brain. Cognitive decline is caused by neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, but other factors that may affect cognitive function in the patient with comorbidities include depression, anxiety, impairments in vision or hearing, medications, cerebrovascular disease, and pain. Adapted from Lin FR, Albert M. Hearing loss and dementia – who’s listening? Aging Ment Health. 2014;18(6):671-673. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-ducting-on-heat-pump-water-heater-space-43hvirvs6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-average-temperature-and-standard-deviation-in-yrrmbqxn.png Figure 4.10. Average Temperature and Standard Deviation, in °F, in Each Room During the Fully Ducted Comparison Period in the Heating Season https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-transfer-grille-and-thermostat-locations-left-1xyno9jf.png Figure 3.4. Transfer Grille and Thermostat Locations. Left: transfer grilles (25-inch 20-inch) installed between water heater closet and adjacent master bedroom closet. Right: location of grilles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-comparisons-in-the-heating-season-orange-and-3v44i65n.png Figure 4.5. Comparisons in the Heating Season (orange) and Cooling Season (blue) of (a) Average https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-metering-strategy-and-equipment-2189jnru.png Table 3.1. Metering Strategy and Equipment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-average-and-standard-deviation-of-the-water-heater-38ul1lae.png Table 4.2. Average and Standard Deviation of the Water Heater Closet Temperature in the Heating and Cooling Seasons for the Exhaust-Only Ducted and Fully Ducted Comparisons, in °F https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-average-daily-water-heater-energy-use-profile-for-giskxda7.png Figure 4.2. Average Daily Water Heater Energy Use Profile for Lab Home A and Lab Home B in Heat Pump Mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-average-temperature-and-standard-deviation-in-37799cuw.png Figure 4.9. Average Temperature and Standard Deviation, in °F, in Each Room During the ExhaustOnly Ducted Comparison Period in the Heating Season https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-comparison-of-cumulative-hvac-energy-use-of-lab-3gq9wkf0.png Figure 4.1. Comparison of Cumulative HVAC Energy Use of Lab Home A (x-axis) versus Lab Home B (y-axis) https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-enhanced-osmia-bicornis-hymenoptera-megachilidae-2sngjgosar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-671-672-3auv3sfd.png Table 1: 671 672 https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-energy-measurements-in-machining-operations-4m1qq92mhb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-machine-specification-for-titanium-1szc3tq8.png Table 3 Machine specification for Titanium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-set-up-for-test-16wjynk6.png Figure 1: Set up for test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-power-as-a-function-of-material-removal-rate-28bgmxss.png Figure 3: Power as a function of material removal rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-power-as-a-function-of-spindle-revolutions-c3x0tv9o.png Figure 2: Power as a function of spindle revolutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-energy-consumption-from-cnc-machines-3lbpf4in.png Table 4 Energy consumption from CNC machines https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-machine-specification-for-aluminum-3632esht.png Table 2 Machine specification for Aluminum https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-corresponding-values-for-figure-5-1vix9cty.png Table 1 Corresponding values for Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-active-power-is-function-of-cutting-speed-and-axial-3ffe9ubr.png Figure 4: Active power is function of cutting speed and axial depth https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-initial-pulse-characteristics-on-the-mitigation-of-3wzbqjyook 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impact-of-phase-correction-on-a-100-ps-gaussian-2p8q8j16.png Figure 1: Impact of phase correction on a 100-ps Gaussian pulse after undergoing SPM in a fiber as obtained by numerical integration of Eq. (1): (a) temporal intensity and chirp profiles, and (b) spectral intensity profile on linear and logarithmic scales at the entrance (black) and the exit of the fiber before (red) and after (blue) phase compensation by a sinusoidal signal with frequency and amplitude chosen based on Eq. (2). The B-integral accumulated by the pulse is B = 2rad. The corrective chirp δc is plotted with a green dotted line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-numerically-computed-evolutions-of-a-the-rms-221qk3wo.png Figure 7: Numerically computed evolutions of (a) the rms spectral broadening factor and (b) the Strehl ratio of an initial 100 ps hyperbolic secant pulse after undergoing SPM in a fiber with the accumulated B-integral. (c)-(d) Evolutions of the frequency and amplitude of the sinusoidal phase modulation. The results obtained without phase modulation, with the phase modulation chosen based on Eq. (10), and with the optimized phase modulation are plotted with red, blue and green lines, respectively. The dotted blue lines in subplots (c) and (d) represent the modulation frequency and amplitude used for a Gaussian pulse based on Eq. (2). The vertical dotted lines indicate the B-integral value used in Figs. 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-numerically-computed-evolutions-of-a-the-rms-dcj0uma1.png Figure 11: Numerically computed evolutions of (a) the rms spectral broadening factor and (b) the Strehl ratio of an initial 14 ps Gaussian pulse after undergoing SPM in a fiber with the accumulated B-integral. (c)-(d) Evolutions of the frequency and amplitude of the sinusoidal phase modulation. The results obtained without phase modulation, with the phase modulation applied as a pre-compensation and with the phase modulation applied as a post-compensation are plotted with red, yellow and blue lines, respectively. The results obtained with the sinusoidal modulation chosen based on Eq. (2) (solid) are compared with those obtained with the optimized sinusoidal modulation (dashed). The vertical dotted lines indicate the B-integral value used in Figs. 9 and 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-polar-graph-i-t-t-of-the-electric-field-of-a-100-ps-1g9g6cbx.png Figure 2: Polar graph (I(t);(t)) of the electric field of a 100 ps Gaussian pulse after undergoing SPM in a fiber before (red) and after (blue) phase compensation by a sinusoidal signal with frequency and amplitude chosen based on Eq. (2). The results obtained for the B-integral values B = 2 rad and B = 4 rad are plotted with thick solid lines and thin dashed lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-numerically-computed-evolution-of-the-spectrum-2o953wdi.png Figure 6: Numerically computed evolution of the spectrum (logarithmic scale, 20 dB dynamics) of an initial 100 ps hyperbolic secant pulse after undergoing SPM in a fiber with the accumulated B-integral, before (subplot a) and after phase compensation by a sinusoidal signal with frequency and amplitude chosen based on Eq. (10) (subplot b) and with optimized frequency and amplitude (subplot c). The vertical dotted line indicates the B-integral value used in Figs. 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-polar-graph-i-t-t-of-the-electric-field-of-a-100-ps-1eb85pbg.png Figure 5: Polar graph (I(t);(t)) of the electric field of a 100 ps hyperbolic secant pulse after undergoing SPM in a fiber before (red) and after phase compensation by a sinusoidal signal with frequency and amplitude chosen based on Eq. (10) (blue) and with optimized frequency and amplitude (green). The accumulated B-integral is B = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-numerically-computed-evolution-of-the-spectrum-22ypxded.png Figure 3: (a) Numerically computed evolution of the spectrum (logarithmic scale, 20 dB dynamics) of an initial 100 ps Gaussian pulse after undergoing SPM in a fiber with the accumulated B-integral, before (subplot 1) and after (subplot 2) phase compensation by a sinusoidal signal with frequency and amplitude chosen based on Eq. (2). (b)-(c) Evolutions of the rms spectral broadening factor and the Strehl ratio of the pulse at the exit of the fiber. The results obtained without and with phase correction are plotted with red and blue lines, respectively. The vertical dotted lines indicate the B-integral values used in Figs. 1 and 2. The red and blue circles represent the analytical predictions from Eq. (5) and Eq. (9), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-impact-of-phase-correction-on-a-14-ps-gaussian-38aabnbh.png Figure 9: Impact of phase correction on a 14 ps Gaussian pulse after undergoing SPM in a fiber as obtained by numerical integration of Eq. (1): (a) temporal intensity and chirp profiles, and (b) spectral intensity profile on linear and logarithmic scales at the entrance (black) and the exit of the fiber without (red) and with phase compensation by a sinusoidal signal with frequency and amplitude chosen based on Eq. (2) (solid) and with optimized frequency and amplitude (dashed). The results obtained with a pre-compensation scheme (yellow) are compared with those obtained with a post-compensation scheme (blue). The B-integral accumulated by the pulse is B = 2 rad. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-macro-structural-reforms-on-the-productivity-4ydeixdwmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-excluding-top-three-regions-1gwddkos.png Figure 14: Excluding top three regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-excluding-polish-regions-24f2aec5.png Figure 17: Excluding Polish regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-marginal-effects-of-structural-reforms-gmm-1xnpo21d.png Figure 2: Marginal effects of structural reforms, GMM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-excluding-irish-regions-9ih91bq8.png Figure 18: Excluding Irish regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-excluding-the-top-three-regions-ols-3eqicedh.png Figure 5: Excluding the top three regions, OLS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-excluding-the-top-three-regions-gmm-2mugi24h.png Figure 6: Excluding the top three regions, GMM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-robustness-checks-for-the-macroeconomic-variables-24184ans.png Table 8: Robustness checks for the macroeconomic variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marginal-effects-of-structural-reforms-ols-fixed-1g5qtsx9.png Figure 1: Marginal effects of structural reforms, OLS Fixed-effects https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-meteorological-parameters-on-the-covid-19-1ydwuctkcv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geographical-position-of-the-city-of-oran-source-2plkw2wz.png Fig. 3 Geographical position of the city of Oran. Source : Authors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spearman-correlation-coefficients-between-covid-19-2nlpdtre.png Table 2 Spearman correlation coefficients between Covid-19 and weather variables, taking into account the incubation period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-the-progression-of-proven-cases-from-covid19-3nf3xryo.png Figure 1 shows the progression of proven cases from Covid19 to Oran since that date. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-between-simulated-cases-with-sir-model-and-3r5c6zvl.png Fig. 2 Comparison between simulated cases with SIR model and observed cases recorded by the MSPRH during the period from 19/03/2020 to 05/04/2020. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spearman-correlation-coefficients-between-covid-19-z0f9cqyu.png Table 1 Spearman correlation coefficients between Covid-19 and weather variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-temperature-and-humidity-during-the-2u2dv0ij.png Fig. 4 Evolution of temperature and humidity during the studied period, at the city of Oran. Source : Authors https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-school-based-educational-interventions-in-middle-32r9gbkhj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quality-assessment-tool-for-quantitative-studies-gfanur2e.png Table 2: Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies rating for eligible studies. ‘Strong’ was allocated a score of 2. ‘Moderate’ a score of 1. ‘Weak’ a score of zero. [Studies were referred to as strong if score > 10, Moderate 6-10 and Weak ≤ 5] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-properties-3m7mwgwp.png Table 1: Study Properties https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-lyman-alpha-pressure-on-metal-poor-dwarf-galaxies-3msdovd41l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-galactic-outflow-rates-measured-at-two-different-vrarv9jt.png Figure 7. Galactic outflow rates measured at two different heights (|z| = 2 kpc; top panel and |z| = 8.2 kpc: bottom panel). Different models are shown as different colour codings, as indicated in the legend. The models with weak feedback (NoFB, R, and R-Lya) cannot launch strong outflows that reach 0.2Rvir (=8.2 kpc), and thus does not appear in the bottom panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-integrated-radial-momentum-from-an-ssp-of-mstar-103-29j8h4da.png Figure 2. Integrated radial momentum from an SSP of Mstar = 103 M⊙ based on the BPASS spectra. The momentum budget from LyC (λ < 912Å, dashed), UV (λ < 3000Å, dotted), SN (dot–dashed), and Lyα (solid) is shown with different line styles, as indicated in the legend. Different colour codings denote different metallicities. To estimate themomentum from SNe, we randomly sample the time delay for 11 SNe, appropriate for the Kroupa IMF, assuming that they all explode in dense environments (nH= 100 cm−3). Note that the momentum would be augmented by a factor of ∼3 if SN explodes at much lower densities (nH = 0.01 cm−3). Themomentum fromLyα is estimated assuming the metallicity-dependent dust-to-gas ratios (see the text). One can see that momentum transfer from Lyα pressure is significant particularly at low metallicities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-panel-sf-histories-of-the-simulated-galaxy-with-1zxl78g0.png Figure 4. Top panel: SF histories of the simulated galaxy with different feedback processes, as indicated in the legend. We average the SF rates over 50Myr to make the comparison easier (solid lines). Also included as dotted lines are the SF rates averaged over shorter time-scale (5Myr) for G8RSN and G8R-SN-Lya models. Note that SF based on the thermoturbulent model is generally bursty. Bottom panel: the integrated stellar mass formed as a function of time. The inclusion of Lyα pressure regulates the SF in the early phase, and reduces the total stellar mass by a factor of two compared to the run without it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-effects-of-the-different-radiation-field-strength-uj2l4us8.png Figure 12. Effects of the different radiation field strength and SF efficiency. The models in which the luminosity of stars is boosted by a factor of 3 (G8R-SN-Lya-f3) or 10 (G8R-SN-Lya-f10) are shown as yellow and red colours, respectively. The blue lines show the case in which ǫff is boosted by an order of magnitude (G8R-SN-Lya-s10). From top to bottom, each panel displays the SF rates, outflowing rates, mass-loading factors (ηout) measured at |z| = 2 kpc, and ηout measured at 0.2Rvir = 8.2 kpc. Note that ηout at 0.2Rvir is smaller than ∼10 even with extreme feedback (G8R-SNLya-f10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effects-of-different-feedback-processes-on-the-11y2s4ej.png Figure 10. Effects of different feedback processes on the vertical structure of the ISM. The top left panel shows the relationship between the total pressure (turbulent thermal) and the SF rate density ( SFR). The dashed line displays the fit to the results from local shearing box simulations by Kim et al. (2013). The top right, bottom left, and bottom right panels present the time evolution of the scale height of the gaseous disc, thermal pressure, and turbulent pressure in the mid-plane (|z| ≤ H). It can be seen that the disc becomes thicker in the run with Lyα feedback (R-SN-Lya) than the run without it (R-SN). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-integrated-number-of-escaping-lyc-photons-in-2s21tjpa.png Figure 15. The integrated number of escaping LyC photons in the simulations with various feedback strength between 200 ≤ t ≤ 500Myr. It can be seen that the number of escaping photons are not very sensitive to the strength of radiation feedback, but it depends more on the SF model. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-older-adults-experience-with-psychotherapy-on-4e2n252yxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coding-categories-for-motivation-to-attend-292xawj8.png Table 3 Coding Categories for Motivation to Attend Psychotherapy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-psychotherapy-engagement-by-race-treatment-modality-5byjgz1s.png Table 2 Psychotherapy Engagement by Race, Treatment Modality, and Depression Severity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-demographic-characteristics-n-50-24s8wiy0.png Table 1 Participant Demographic Characteristics (N = 50) https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-providing-patients-access-to-electronic-health-29u150stbb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-assessment-cells-were-colour-coded-in-3knc712h.png Figure 2 Risk of bias assessment cells were colour- coded in orange for high risk of bias, in green for low risk of bias and in grey if risk of bias was unclear. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-included-studies-crt-cluster-39902rvl.png Figure 1 Flow diagram of included studies. CRT, cluster randomised trial; RCT, randomised controlled trial. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-south-african-fortification-legislation-on-product-35jcb4a5sf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cereal-grains-legumes-and-bread-staples-commonly-1t4tft71.png Table 2. Cereal grains, legumes and bread staples commonly consumed by adults https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-findings-derived-through-linear-h0ulrc6v.png Table 4. Summary of findings derived through linear programming https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-significance-of-nutritive-intakes-of-female-k8xx51gj.png Table 3. Significance of nutritive intakes of female caregivers before and after fortification as compared to the recommended daily allowance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-micronutrient-composition-of-fortified-food-stuffs-1rkg6pca.png Table 1. Micronutrient composition of fortified food stuffs: staples mostly consumed by the target population (RSA, 2003) https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-some-environmental-factors-on-growth-and-25k03qq7t4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ota-concentration-in-ug-ml-produced-by-a-niger-1f9fx75q.png Table 4. OTA concentration in µg/ml produced by A. niger strains at each condition assayed and incubation time. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ota-concentration-in-ug-ml-produced-by-a-2freqrow.png Table 5. OTA concentration in µg/ml produced by A. welwitschiae strains at each condition assayed and incubation time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-tree-of-aspergillus-section-nigri-3h9bxw2t.png Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of Aspergillus section Nigri inferred from Neighbor-Joining analysis of partial calmodulin gene. Bootstrap values >70% in 1,000 replications are shown at nodes. Sequence of Aspergillus flavus CBS 569.65T was selected as outgroup for the tree construction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strains-identification-source-location-and-2z0cb09q.png Table 1. Strains, identification, source, location and calmodulin sequence type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-one-way-analysis-of-variance-of-absorbance-abs-and-37t80yj0.png Table 2. One-way analysis of variance of Absorbance (ABS) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) values versus (vs.) each of the variables assayed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interval-plot-of-mean-ota-values-in-a-niger-an-and-a-w21c0wqr.png Fig. 2. Interval Plot of mean OTA values in A. niger (An) and A. welwistchiae (Aw) strains at each water activity (aw) and temperature (T) values assayed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-absorbance-values-recorded-in-both-experiments-ef9d6vw6.png Table 3. Mean absorbance values recorded in both experiments by all the studied strains (A. niger and A. welwitschiae) at each condition and incubation time tested. https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-the-guaranteed-health-plan-with-a-single-community-1yyh60ae9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-chile-coefficients-and-standard-deviations-of-the-rss4488d.png Table 8 Chile: coefficients and standard deviations of the regression of the proposed model https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-chile-quality-variables-by-income-quintile-2009-3j23fsfy.png Table 6 Chile: quality variables, by income quintile, 2009 (Chilean pesos) https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-chile-changes-in-isapre-portfolio-by-family-group-29d4zyll.png Table 10 Chile: changes in Isapre portfolio, by family group (Percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-chile-changes-in-the-isapre-portfolio-by-health-1pxazrfm.png Table 11 Chile: changes in the Isapre portfolio, by health status (Percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chile-participation-in-the-isapres-by-family-group-2owyqeee.png Figure 2 Chile: participation in the Isapres, by family group, 2013 (Percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-chile-number-of-health-facilities-by-region-2013-per-3g14o60c.png Table 5 Chile: number of health facilities, by region, 2013 (Per 100,000 inhabitants) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-chile-changes-in-the-isapres-portfolio-by-quintile-f3j5fau0.png Table 9 Chile: changes in the Isapres portfolio, by quintile (Percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chile-distribution-of-affiliates-by-income-quintile-3u6fi62g.png Table 1 Chile: distribution of affiliates by income quintile and type of health insurance, 2013 (Percentages) https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-team-familiarity-in-the-operating-room-on-surgical-tv1p120dk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bkvk68gf.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/papers/impacting-information-literacy-learning-in-first-year-89nlfbhjor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-college-c-results-s61rdiya.png Figure 4. College C results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-college-e-results-3icbc1ly.png Figure 6. College E results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-rubric-scores-by-librarian-collaboration-z2a497q5.png Figure 1. Overall rubric scores by librarian collaboration level https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-college-d-results-16vz2uut.png Figure 5. College D results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-college-a-results-whiid1fk.png Figure 2. College A results https://scispace.com/papers/impact-of-time-resolution-on-the-projected-rates-of-system-3puwjhjsbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-pv-penetration-as-a-function-of-cost-under-the-12x0xlf1.png Figure 15: PV penetration as a function of cost under the different averaging schemes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hourly-normalized-electricity-demand-over-full-year-21lrcs69.png Figure 2: Hourly Normalized Electricity Demand over full year https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-seasonal-time-of-day-load-segments-1q53tllu.png Table 1: Definition of Seasonal/Time-of-Day Load Segments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hourly-actual-pv-production-factor-11zadkt9.png Figure 4: Hourly Actual PV Production Factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hourly-actual-wind-production-factor-9iypmbzd.png Figure 3: Hourly Actual Wind Production Factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-actual-load-and-wind-generation-under-x1yh1tx6.png Figure 5: Comparison of actual load and wind generation under various averaging schemes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-wind-penetration-under-the-different-averaging-2hhv7ptr.png Figure 11: Wind penetration under the different averaging schemes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-load-duration-curve-with-time-of-day-and-seasonal-2l2bw4mj.png Figure 7: Load Duration Curve with Time-of-Day and Seasonal Load Segmentation https://scispace.com/papers/impacts-of-watermarking-security-on-tardos-based-1k8qiyhhsf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-watermarking-of-one-host-content-x-18zmx51h.png Figure 3: Illustration of watermarking of one host content x by CW for several users with the same message b = (0 0). Watermarked contents { yj } j are spread in the whole decoding region to avoid security fail in WOA context. If we consider two users, watermarked contents yj and yj ′ are different and located in the codeword corresponding to (0 0). However, with a wrong estimation of the carriers (k̂0 and k̂1 instead of k0 and k1 with ̂(ki, k̂i) = θ), user j will properly decode the message (0 0) whereas user j′ will decode (0 1). Note that two bits are embedded here for illustration purposes (in our practical analysis in Sec. 5, only one bit is hidden per chunk). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-practical-achievable-rates-functions-of-estimation-1jl9tl3a.png Figure 13: Practical achievable rates functions of estimation error rate ǫ with WCR = a) -20 dB, b) -15 dB. Length of Tardos code: m = 10, 000. Collusion size: c = 4. Number of trials to estimate p1, p2 and p3: Nr = 100, 000. Length of chunk: Nv = 256. CA, SA and RA respectively stand for Coalition Attack, Security Attack using the removal attack and Robustness attack using the AWGN channel with WNR = 0dB. For WCR = -15 dB, we show too a zoom of the gray rectangle on the main plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-gap-between-robustness-attack-and-security-2hhyuic2.png Figure 5: The gap between robustness attack and security combined with robustness attack is represented by∆rate = R′s(Θǫ−WCA, ǫ, η)−R′s(ΘWCA, 0, η) w.r.t. bit error rate η for ǫ = 0.5, 0.3, 0.25, 0.1, c = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-difference-in-term-of-ber-between-insecure-35twxzc6.png Figure 6: The difference in term of BER between insecure schemes and secure schemes for the same accusation rate is measured by the bit error rate η1 (secure schemes) functions of bit error rate η2 (insecure schemes) for ǫ = 0.5, 0.3, 0.25, 0.1, and c = 4 colluders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-achievable-rates-for-the-security-attack-proposed-2ej74tk3.png Figure 10: Achievable rates for the security attack proposed in (37). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-bit-error-rate-es-w-r-t-o-for-chunks-with-size-nv-2699whzc.png Figure 11: Bit error rate ηs w.r.t. ǫ for chunks with size Nv = 256. We note that when ǫ is increasing (colluder do not know exactly their embedded symbols), value of bit error rate is decreasing (the attack is also less powerful). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-collusion-process-for-a-secure-watermarking-scheme-2pzqnv5q.png Figure 2: Collusion process for a secure watermarking scheme with c = 5 colluders and Θ(3) = 1 (example). Step. 1: the colluders decode three “1” symbols B̂j . Step. 2: because Θ(3) = 1, the strategy gives B̂ = 1. Step. 3: the coalition looks for the B̂j which correspond to the B̂j = B̂ = 1. Step. 4: the pirated symbol B is uniformly chosen among the selected Bj : P(B = 1) = 2/3 and P(B = 0) = 1/3 in this case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-values-of-rs-th-th-wca-o-wca-or-interleaving-w-r-t-1neoh2uj.png Figure 4: Values of Rs(Θ) (Θ = WCA, ǫ-WCA or interleaving) w.r.t the estimation error rate ǫ for c = 4. We can see that ǫ-WCA is able to decrease the accusation performance of the colluders. https://scispace.com/papers/impacts-of-worldwide-individual-non-pharmaceutical-1kygqejfzv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-detailed-cross-wave-and-group-effects-of-16boiho8.png Fig. 2. The detailed cross-wave and -group effects of individual NPIs. (a) Country groupings, as determined by pandemic parameters and geographic proximity (see SI for more information). Countries with vaccination data in this study are marked by the green stars. (b) Effects of individual NPIs on reducing the transmission of COVID-19 across waves and groups. represents the decay ratio in COVID-19 infection rate. The 5th, 25th (Q1), 50th (median), 75th (Q3), and 95th percentiles of estimates are presented, respectively. The uncertainty intervals of NPI effectiveness refer to the variance over the corresponding spatiotemporal extent. A full list of countries and the corresponding time frames of different waves for each group can be found in SI Table C2 – C5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-integrated-npis-and-the-vaccination-on-covid-cbwvojia.png Fig. 3. Impact of integrated NPIs and the vaccination on COVID-19 transmission. represents the decay ratio in the suppression of COVID-19 infection rate. For 63 countries with vaccination data, effects of NPIs and the vaccination were evaluated for three periods, within 15 days and 30 days since the 12th day after vaccination and by 25 March 2021, as the induced antibody response and immunity may sufficiently prevent COVID-19 infections since Day 12 after receiving the first-dose vaccine27. The uncertainty intervals of NPIs and vaccination effectiveness refer to the variance over the corresponding period in the 63 countries. https://scispace.com/papers/impaired-icos-signaling-between-tfh-and-b-cells-58b8wdbyet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-icos-agonist-antibody-treatment-increases-2vqix1ek.png Fig. 4: ICOS agonist antibody treatment increases polyfunctional cytokine response and increases CD40L 194 expression by cTfh cells from Hospitalized CoViD-19 Donors. a, The detection of IL-21 and IFNγ producing 195 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cd4-t-cells-decline-with-disease-severity-in-covid-19-rqz1k7cy.png Fig. 1: CD4+ T cells decline with disease severity in CoViD-19 subjects. a-d, The comparison of immune subset 70 frequencies in the blood. a, CD19+ B cells of healthy donors (phenotyping cohort; n=6), Ambulatory (n= 10) and 71 Hospitalized (n=12) CoViD-19 donors; b, myeloid cells; c, CD4- T cells; d, CD4+ T cells of healthy donors (n=7), 72 Ambulatory (n= 10) and Hospitalized (n=12) CoViD-19 donors. Means are shown (black line). 73 74 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-significant-reduction-in-ctfh-cells-is-observed-in-2ez6lxea.png Fig. 2: Significant Reduction in cTfh Cells is Observed in Hospitalized CoViD-19 Donors and is Associated 128 with Lack of ICOS-L Mediated Co-stimulation by B cells. a, The comparison of cTfh frequencies in the blood of 129 healthy donors (phenotyping cohort; n=7), Ambulatory (n= 10) and Hospitalized (n=12) CoViD-19 donors. b, The 130 comparison of HLA-DR+ B cell frequencies in blood and c, HLA-DR expression on B cells across donor cohorts in 131 the blood of healthy donors (phenotyping cohort; n=6), Ambulatory (n= 6) and Hospitalized (n=12) CoViD-19 132 donors. d, The comparison of HLA-DR+ myeloid frequencies in blood and e, HLA-DR expression on myeloid cells 133 across donor cohorts in the blood of healthy donors (phenotyping cohort; n=7), Ambulatory (n= 6) and Hospitalized 134 (n=12) CoViD-19 donors f, The comparison of ICOS-L+ CD38- and g, ICOS-L+ CD38+ B cell frequencies in the 135 blood of healthy donors (phenotyping cohort; n=4), Ambulatory (n= 10) and Hospitalized (n=5) CoViD-19 donors. 136 Means are shown (black line). 137 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ctfh-cells-icos-cxcr5-cd4-cells-in-hospitalized-covid-3pswgc08.png Fig. 3: cTfh cells (ICOS+ CXCR5+ CD4+ cells) in Hospitalized CoViD-19 Donors are Defective in IL-21 and 163 IFNγ Production. a, The detection of IL-21 and IFNγ producing ICOS+ cTfh cells following ex vivo anti-164 https://scispace.com/papers/impair-then-repair-a-brief-history-global-scale-hypothesis-mdnlnnkygg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-heuristic-model-or-typology-of-water-system-1wcj8va2.png Figure 1 A Heuristic Model or Typology of Water System Impacts and Societal Response to Water-Related Environmental Stress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-human-use-and-pressures-on-freshwater-resources-and-2om4deaw.png Figure 2 Human Use and Pressures on Freshwater Resources and Ecosystems https://scispace.com/papers/impairment-of-both-reward-and-punishment-learning-in-males-4ids31t1wg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-150vfqfz.png Table 3 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Pedophilic PSOCs, Non-pedophilic PSOCs, and Non-offending men https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlations-between-demographic-clinical-3vvrna7u.png Table 4 Pearson Correlations between Demographic / Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Measures for Pedophilic PSOCs, Non-pedophilic PSOCs, and Non-offending men https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlations-between-demographic-clinical-3ljkoqbi.png Table 2 Pearson Correlations between Demographic / Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Measures for All Participants https://scispace.com/papers/impaired-scaling-of-responses-to-vestibular-stimulation-in-4l0nplckbm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coeycients-pearson-coev-p-3mig38zk.png Table 2 Correlation coeYcients Pearson coeV P https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-mean-normalised-emg-amplitude-left-short-latency-8rg5me6i.png Fig. 2 a Mean normalised EMG amplitude; left short-latency; right medium-latency; b Mean CoP deviation amplitude; left ay1, middle ay2, right ay3; c EMG latencies; left short-latency, right medium-latency; d CoP deviation latency; left ay1, middle ay2, right ay3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; n see ## in Table 1. SigniWcancies are shown for comparisons between groups only https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-excitability-of-the-emg-and-body-sway-responses-to-1h0ibjfj.png Table 1 Excitability of the EMG and body sway responses to GVS https://scispace.com/papers/implementation-and-evaluation-of-a-transit-dosimetry-system-1auf5lm5gg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dd-of-reference-points-calculated-across-a-20-x-20-16llsjpt.png Table 2 %ΔD of reference points calculated across a 20 x 20 cm 2 field delivered to 20 cm thick solid water (100 MU). Dose was reconstructed across the beam profiles of depth 10cm, 5 cm and at dmax, for 6 MV and 10MV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-epigray-and-tps-reconstructed-doses-for-2vge0d88.png Figure 1 (top) EPIgray and TPS reconstructed doses for delivered monitor units 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 MU, reconstructed at a point 10 cm deep on cax within a 20 cm solid water phantom. Dashed line represents equal EPIgray and TPS reconstructed dose, (bottom) %ΔD of cax dose reconstruction points at a range of delivered MU at 6 and 10 MV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-flow-chart-of-clinical-investigation-workflow-for-rsfm9bjt.png Figure 8 Flow chart of clinical investigation workflow for out of tolerance results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-epigray-and-tps-dose-reconstruction-at-depth-within-a2drwt9w.png Figure 4 EPIgray and TPS dose reconstruction at depth within the IPSM phantom for 10 x https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-epigray-and-tps-off-axis-dose-reconstruction-for-2wr7pi6v.png Figure 3 (a) EPIgray and TPS off axis dose reconstruction for 20 x 20 cm fully wedged beam, https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographic-information-for-the-37-patients-enrolled-1jcvmm8j.png Table 3 Demographic information for the 37 patients enrolled on the study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-epigray-and-tps-reconstructed-doses-over-a-range-euns0pdg.png Figure 2 (a) EPIgray and TPS reconstructed doses over a range of depths along the cax: 10 x 10 cm2 field (100 MU, 6 MV and 10 MV) delivered to a 20 cm thick solid water phantom at 90 cm SSD, (b) %ΔD of reconstructed doses at a range of depths measured at 80 cm, 90 cm and 100 cm SSD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-depi-and-dtps-reconstructed-doses-of-each-measured-4oulzqln.png Figure 6 DEPI and DTPS reconstructed doses of each measured patient field for 126 3D https://scispace.com/papers/impetigo-incidence-and-treatment-in-dutch-general-practice-54t5bq0zil 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prescriptions-in-the-first-contact-of-episode-1rcje1dr.png Table 2 Prescriptions in the first contact of episode https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-incidence-of-impetigo-in-people-of-0-17-years-old-by-d67l2w8e.png Table 1 Incidence of impetigo in people of 0–17 years old, by urbanization level, region and season https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-incidence-by-age-2ia7xier.png Fig 1. Incidence by age. https://scispace.com/papers/implementation-of-a-quasi-digital-adc-on-pld-y071bgmvkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rc-filter-figure-5-big-fluctuation-output-xwfwkfiz.png Figure 4. RC filter Figure 5.Big fluctuation output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adc-based-on-stochastic-logic-1ghzk45k.png Figure 1. ADC based on stochastic logic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-timing-simulation-of-figure-2-3cxbyd1l.png Figure 3. Timing simulation of Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-module-structure-of-adc-7jbpuaqo.png Figure 2. The module structure of ADC https://scispace.com/papers/implementation-in-practice-adaptations-to-sexuality-3c2cq514zm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reasons-for-and-examples-of-common-curriculum-47tyc56c.png Table 2. Reasons for and Examples of Common Curriculum Adaptations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-settings-curricula-and-curricula-adaptations-by-vo1b092l.png Table 1. Settings, Curricula, and Curricula Adaptations by California. Teenage Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) Agencies, 2008 to 2009 (N= 128) https://scispace.com/papers/implementation-of-an-education-focused-phd-program-in-1bsm2o7yvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dissertation-projects-of-7-doctoral-candidates-in-17s4fi0w.png Table 3: Dissertation Projects of 7 Doctoral Candidates in the Education Track PhD Program in Anatomy and Cell Biology at Indiana University, 2008-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-curriculum-of-the-education-track-phd-program-in-37iqhu0c.png Table 1: Curriculum of the Education Track PhD Program in Anatomy and Cell Biology at Indiana University https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-academic-degrees-of-16-students-who-entered-the-1xlyk3k7.png Table 2: Academic Degrees of 16 Students Who Entered the Education Track PhD Program in Anatomy and Cell Biology at Indiana University, 2008-2014 https://scispace.com/papers/implementing-a-hybrid-space-discretisation-within-an-agent-54di2cbhry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-additional-agent-attributes-within-bex-h-39xyjzpl.png Table 1. Additional agent attributes within bEX-H https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coarse-node-implementation-of-non-convex-geometry-in-2jfphcc7.png Fig. 2. Coarse Node Implementation of non-convex geometry in bEX-H https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-results-averaged-over-10-simulations-3x3ugpiu.png Table 2. Summary of results averaged over 10 simulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-taken-for-a-specific-percentage-of-people-to-1ogxxxll.png Fig. 4. Time taken for a specific percentage of people to evacuate using All-Fine, AllContinuous, All-Coarse and Hybrid spatial representations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-underlying-navigational-graph-3lhzjjap.png Fig. 1. The Underlying Navigational Graph https://scispace.com/papers/implementing-a-fuzzy-system-on-a-field-programmable-gate-11a82vxt9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-desired-control-surface-3sy2nqw4.png Fig 2 Desired control surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-for-a-fuzzy-system-22lzwcx1.png Fig. 1 Block diagram for a fuzzy system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-actual-output-from-fpga-h51o1pfb.png Fig. 13 Actual Output from FPGA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-control-surface-using-the-trapezoidal-membership-2qwirntn.png Fig 3 Control surface using the trapezoidal membership functions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-block-diagram-of-the-address-provider-2ku9l8jn.png Fig. 6. Block Diagram of the Address Provider. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-block-diagram-of-fuzzy-control-board-with-fpga-13t5z3ad.png Fig 4 Block diagram of fuzzy control board with FPGA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-approach-2i0id7wc.png Fig 5. Block diagram of the proposed approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-block-diagram-of-the-weighted-average-block-31134iyq.png Fig. 8 Block Diagram of the Weighted Average Block https://scispace.com/papers/implementing-multi-dof-trajectory-tracking-control-system-u90w42e86v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-block-diagram-of-manipulator-control-system-2j4iy4pz.png Figure 3. The block diagram of manipulator control system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-the-hardware-design-block-diagram-and-b-the-3fmwnt9j.png Figure 2. (a) The hardware design block diagram and (b) The hardware design block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-touch-screen-writing-control-1gvf0kwk.png Figure 6. Touch screen writing control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-overall-effect-of-the-system-329r9ey4.png Figure 7. The overall effect of the system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-dimensional-dof-point-to-point-geometric-model-usqscq0t.png Figure 4. Two-dimensional DOF point-to-point geometric model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-experimental-results-1ahpfpqq.png Figure 5. The experimental results https://scispace.com/papers/implications-of-a-new-effective-chiral-meson-lagrangian-1w5yiukf3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-meson-properties-calculated-in-the-present-4vpnxmle.png Table 1 Some meson properties calculated in the present version of the NJL model are compared to experimental data [34] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-calculatedpp-scattering-lengths-and-effective-tg3pmbll.png Table 2 The calculatedππ -scattering lengths and effective ranges are compared to Soft Meson Theorems (SMT) [29] and experimental data (taken from [30,31], see text please) https://scispace.com/papers/implicatures-as-forms-of-argument-3xtt2okgu5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-explaining-conflicting-presumptions-1x3jwgm7.png Fig. 3 Explaining conflicting presumptions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-system-of-choices-in-language-3gabw0rk.png Fig. 7 System of choices in language https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-purpose-of-a-dialogue-as-a-high-level-predicate-13wllztu.png Fig. 1 Purpose of a dialogue as a high-level predicate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-argumentative-structure-of-the-drunkard-captain-w9xirco8.png Fig. 4 Argumentative structure of the drunkard captain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-presuppositions-of-an-indirect-speech-act-3el95rud.png Fig. 2 Presuppositions of an indirect speech act https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reasoning-from-analogy-2u138gna.png Fig. 6 Reasoning from analogy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reasoning-from-best-explanation-recommendation-letter-1hjq5cel.png Fig. 5 Reasoning from best explanation—recommendation letter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-semantic-paradigms-and-the-specification-of-aspects-of-9wdxbdxy.png Fig. 8 Semantic paradigms and the specification of aspects of meaning https://scispace.com/papers/implications-of-gamma-ray-transparency-constraints-in-3yq5buxarv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-cross-section-integral-function-y-a-eq-3-7-for-the-2q4j55qd.png FIG. 1.-The cross section integral function '¥(a) (eq. [3.7]). For the 3C 279 data, a= 0.68 (see Makino et al. 1993), and'¥ = 0.245. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-transmission-coefficient-exp-rn-plotted-as-a-function-1pb4tv62.png FIG. 7.-Transmission coefficient exp (- rn) plotted as a function of the propagation angle <l> using the 1991 June 3C 279 X-ray data for M = 109 M 0 , R 0 = 30R., Rm, = 6R9 and (a) w = 3, (b) w = 0. They-rays are created at the height zfR. indicated for each curve. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1qqex7vy.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-fig-7-except-r-0-ioor-2qrlq2lf.png FIG. 8.-Same as Fig. 7, except R 0 = IOOR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-height-of-they-ray-photosphere-zr-r-plotted-as-a-2wuwtdep.png FIG. 9.-Height of they-ray photosphere zr,!R. plotted as a function of the creation radius R!R. for y-rays propagating parallel to the z-axis using the 1991 June 3C 279 X-ray data, assuming R 0 = 30R., Rm, = 6R., and w = 3. The value of the black hole mass M/M 0 is indicated for each curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-plot-of-the-log-of-the-y-y-optical-depth-r-eq-3akgpa9o.png FIG. 3.-Contour plot of the log of the y- y optical depth r, (eq. [4.3]) for y-rays with energy E = 1 GeV created at height z above the center of a two-temperature disk (w = 3) with outer radius R0 = 30R• and inner radius Rm, = 6R •. The upper and lower dashed horizontal lines denote z = R0 and z = Rm, respectively, and they-rays propagate outward along the z-axis. The curves were computed using the X-ray data for 3C 279 taken during the 1991 June EGRET flare by Makino et al. (1993). https://scispace.com/papers/importance-of-adequate-covid-19-case-definitions-in-the-sars-56uxwncwjx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-post-test-probability-of-covid-19-according-to-35sp9j7a.png Figure 1. Post-test probability of COVID-19 according to several case definitions. A) shows post-test probabilities in case of meeting a given case definition. B) shows posttest probabilities in case of not meeting the case definition. Mx confirmed case epi: Mexico https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-diagnostic-properties-of-covid-19-epidemiological-vosmlrqj.png Table 1. Diagnostic properties of COVID-19 epidemiological case definitions in Mexico City https://scispace.com/papers/implicit-cooperative-caching-based-on-information-popularity-22n5t5tt2n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-simulation-2af2xhvp.png Table 1: Parameters for simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-response-time-for-obtaining-information-30yn28jq.png Figure 5: Average response time for obtaining information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-average-distance-to-obtain-information-objects-in-1tywrm1n.png Figure 6: Average distance to obtain information objects in the network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relationship-among-interval-popularity-and-density-1lna0ctm.png Figure 7: Relationship among interval, popularity and density https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-cache-hit-ratio-in-the-network-10tmb6qt.png Figure 4: Average cache hit ratio in the network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-average-space-utilization-ratio-in-the-network-12ych09v.png Figure 3：Average space utilization ratio in the network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-redundancy-of-information-3arsvqv2.png Figure 2: Average redundancy of information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-caching-based-on-interval-when-receiving-data-3i62zy2r.png Figure 1: Caching based on interval when receiving data. https://scispace.com/papers/importance-of-copepod-carcasses-versus-faecal-pellets-in-the-3r9mk7vvbe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-conceptual-diagram-illustrating-the-variability-of-the-2czr5smo.png Fig. 4. Conceptual diagram illustrating the variability of the relative importance of faecal pellets and carcasses fluxes with depth and with time (during and after a bloom period) in a stable water column. Faecal pellet and carcasses production is assumed decreasing with depth. The two depth examples are based on a simplification of a) the present study results at 36 m and of b) Andersen and Nival (1988) results at 200 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-seasonal-variation-of-mesozooplankton-non-predatory-ag55io70.png Fig. 5. Seasonal variation of mesozooplankton non-predatory biomass mortality rate in the Bay of Calvi. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mesozooplankton-non-predatory-biomass-mortality-rate-2fxyful5.png Table 1 Mesozooplankton non-predatory biomass mortality rate studies (methodology and values). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-seasonal-variations-of-a-mesozooplankton-biomass-above-11s1hhpj.png Fig. 2. Seasonal variations of a) mesozooplankton biomass above the sediment trap b) hor Shadowed areas indicated the periods when the sediment trap was deployed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seasonal-variation-of-the-numerical-carbon-and-2zwxih67.png Fig. 3. Seasonal variation of the numerical, carbon and nitrogen downward flux of zooplankton faecal pellets (a, c, e respectively) and carcasses (b, d, f respectively). f.p.: faecal pellet. https://scispace.com/papers/importance-of-timber-based-employment-to-the-economic-base-4frq5dblwe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2pl1120r.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-economic-areas-and-growth-22ajwe77.png Figure 1.— Economic areas and growth https://scispace.com/papers/importance-of-suppression-and-mitigation-measures-in-2c13av22z0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-suppression-levels-required-to-meet-objectives-l0wrn5kn.png Figure 1. Suppression levels required to meet objectives, given different starting conditions. Simulations begin with no measure imposed (ℛ0=2.5) and 1 infectious individual in a population of c. 70 million unexposed individuals. The suppression strategy starts when the number of infectious individuals attain a given number (x axis), which correlates with the time elapsed in the outbreak. ℛC is the observed maximum level of ℛ needed to result in a set-point of 100 or fewer infectious individuals after 60 days of confinement (y – axis). Although not shown, imposing mitigation measures in the range 1.0<ℛC<2.5 prior to suppression does not change this basic result. Lines linking points aid visualization. See text for further details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-suppression-measure-intensity-and-duration-o53soilc.png Table 2. Effect of suppression measure intensity and duration on the number of cases in incubation (E) and infectious (I) stages. N=70,420,854. ℛ0=2.5. Start day of intervention=64. E64=11,643, I64=4,645. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-mitigation-c-on-the-number-of-days-until-37r43cto.png Figure 4. Effect of mitigation ℛC on the number of days until 80%=blue, 90%=orange, or 95%=gray of eventual infections occur, during the full course of an epidemic. I0=100, N=70 million. ℛ0 =3.0 is shown for comparison See main text for additional details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-mitigation-c-on-a-the-fraction-of-g85k8g3g.png Figure 2. Effect of mitigation ℛC on (A) The fraction of initially unexposed people who are eventually exposed (Et+It+Rt) at t=200 days after the measure starts; (B) The maximum daily fraction of the population needing hospitalization for any single day, up to 200 days after the measure starts; (C) The fraction of initially unexposed people who die during the 200 days of outbreak mitigation. Lines linking points aid visualization. Mitigation starts at: Yellow line, I0=1, N=70 million; Gray line: I0=100, N=70 million; Red line: I0=1, N=70K; Black line: I0=100, N=70K. ℛ0=2.5. Although not explored here, numerical simulations for parameter values associated with points above the dashed line in (A) were influenced by ‘herd immunity’, i.e., when the proportion of the population that is immunized exceeds (1.0- 1.0/ℛ) (19). Moreover, note that the result in (A) appears to contrast with the results in Steir et al. (5), who showed higher case growth rates with city size. The discrepancy can be explained by the different units employed in each study (case growth rate in (5) vs. fraction of total population infected at some point during a fixed time interval (this study)) and how ℛ was estimated in (5) (found to be city-size dependent) vs. assumed invariant in the present study. Case growth rate (number of new cases on day t – number of new cases on day t-1 / number of new cases on day t1) was found to increase with community size in the present study (not shown). Numbers above points in (B) refer to the day that maximum hospitalization occurs, and are only shown for the Black line conditions (note that when ℛC=1.0, maximum levels begin on day 90 and are constant thereafter; for ℛC=1.1, maximum levels occur after 200 days). See main text for additional details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-epidemic-overshoot-effect-of-mitigation-c-on-the-1tbfu8fg.png Figure 3. Epidemic overshoot: Effect of mitigation ℛC on the total percentage of an initially susceptible population infected by the virus at different points in the epidemic. I0=100, N=70 million. Red line = 60 days after 100th infectious case; Black line = herd immunity threshold, expressed as the fraction of the initial population eventually infected; Gray line = day of peak hospitalizations (numbers indicate day); Blue line = end of epidemic. Note as in Figure 2A, the herd immunity threshold is contingent on ℛ. ℛ0 =2.5, 3.0 is shown for comparison. Lines linking points aid visualization. See main text for additional details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-and-their-baseline-values-employed-in-2v7i702v.png Table 1. Parameters and their baseline values employed in this study. ℛ0 values investigated are based on (3,6). See (16) for details on other parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/imprecise-functional-estimation-the-cumulative-distribution-1c0niszk9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-imprecise-cumulative-distribution-estimate-2jvgpkac.png Fig. 1 Imprecise cumulative distribution estimate https://scispace.com/papers/imprecision-in-wcet-estimates-due-to-library-calls-and-how-1f9yxd0pdg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-upper-bound-on-wcet-overestimation-due-to-functions-28n6g613.png Table 1. Upper bound on WCET overestimation ∆ due to functions without source code in adpcm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-qualitative-comparison-of-solution-approaches-33mbwoc7.png Table 2. Qualitative comparison of solution approaches. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-approach-to-global-localization-based-on-odometry-3xh14eeder 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-error-of-distance-and-angle-with-different-2cfztz3n.png Table 1: The error of distance and angle with different starting angle along the same direction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-three-dimensional-reconstruction-and-global-1fhgkfte.png Fig. 11: Three-dimensional Reconstruction and Global localization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-relations-between-th-andph-2463znin.png Fig. 10: The relations between∆θ andφ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-position-error-and-angle-error-before-and-after-1a06lqzd.png Fig. 9: The position error and angle error, before and after, odometry non-systematic error modeling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-pose-uncertainty-for-vision-measurement-3r7t9f82.png Fig. 5: The pose uncertainty for vision measurement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-translation-error-and-orientation-error-3csm4xi4.png Fig. 12: Translation error and orientation error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-global-localization-time-1x51a895.png Fig. 13: The global localization time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-flow-diagram-of-the-global-localization-block-2ecmuz2p.png Fig. 4: The flow diagram of the global localization block https://scispace.com/papers/improved-lc-ms-ms-method-for-the-determination-of-42-56kq7srtgr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-creatinine-normalized-lg-values-of-dopa-3-o-md-da-2bfo8dtu.png Fig. 4. Creatinine normalized lg values of DOPA, 3-O-MD, DA, DOPAC, 3-MT, HVA, BH4, BH2 and BIO of 5 DOPA and BH4 treated PTPS patients and 10 non-treated healthy patients. Results are presented in an arrangement that corresponds to the biochemical routes. DOPA: levodopa; 3-O-MD: 3-O-methyldopa; DA: dopamine; 3-MT: 3-methoxytyramine; DOPAC: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; HVA: homovanillic acid; NH2: dihydroneopterin; NEO: neopterin; BH4: tetrahydrobiopterin; BH2: dihydrobiopterin; BIO: biopterin; AADC: aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; COMT: catechol O-methyltransferase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-the-42-metabolites-tyr-tyrosine-dopa-3ph74sgh.png Fig. 1. Scheme of the 42 metabolites. TYR: tyrosine; DOPA: levodopa; 3-O-MD: 3-O-methyldopa; DA: dopamine; 3-MT: 3-methoxytyramine; DOPAC: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; HVA: homovanillic acid; VMA: vanillylmandelic acid; METANEP: metanephrine; NORMETANEP: normetanephrine; TYRA: tyramine; OCT: octopamine; SYN: synephrine; PEA: phenethylamine; NMPEA: N-methylphenethylamine; TRP: tryptophan; KYN: kynurenine; 3-OHK: 3-hydroxykynurenine; XA: xanthurenic acid; KA: kynurenic acid; QAA: quinaldic acid; AA: anthranilic acid; 3-OHAA: 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid; CIA: cinnabaric acid; QA: quinolinic acid; PA: picolinic acid; TPA: tryptamine; IAA: indole-3-acetic acid; 5-HTP: 5-hydroxy-tryptophan; 5-HT: serotonin; 5-HIAA: 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid; Me-5HT: methylserotonin; ME: melatonin; NH2: dihydroneopterin; NEO: neopterin; BH4: tetrahydrobiopterin; BH2: dihydrobiopterin; BIO: biopterin; CORT: cortisol; TESTO: testosterone; CRN: creatinine; cAMP: adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate. TPH: tryptophan hydroxylase; AADC: aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; MAO-A: Monoamine oxidase-A; INMT: indolethylamine N-methyltransferase; IDO-1: indoleamine-2,3-dioxigenase-1; IDO-2: indoleamine-2,3-dioxigenase-2; TDO: triptophan-2,3-deoxigenase; KMO: kynurenine 3-monooxigenase; KAT: kynurenine aminotransferase; QPRT: quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase; PNMT: phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; DBH: dopamine beta-hydroxylase; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; COMT: catechol O-methyltransferase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-chromatogram-of-a-medium-qc-spiked-18vm684y.png Fig. 2. Representative chromatogram of a medium QC spiked human urine, Part 1. 1: OCT Rt = 0.99; 2: 3-OHK Rt = 2.39; 3: TYRA Rt = 2.53; 4: 3-MT Rt = 3.98; 5: cAMP Rt = 4.27; 6: 5-HT Rt = 4.36; 7: KYN Rt = 4.68; 8: Me-5HT Rt = 4.92; 9: PEA Rt = 5.31; 10: 3-OHAA Rt = 5.59; 11: NMPEA Rt = 6.21; 12: QAA Rt = 8.37; 13: TPA Rt = 8.46; 14: XA Rt = 8.94; 15: KA Rt = 9.26; 16: 5–HIAA Rt = 9.69; 17: AA Rt = 10.20; 18: ME Rt = 12.20; 19: CIA Rt = 12.50; 20: IAA Rt = 12.50; 21: TESTO Rt = 13.80; 22: CRN Rt = 0.94; 23: PA Rt = 1.36; 24: NEO Rt = 1.47; 25: DA Rt = 1.81; 26: QA Rt = 1.83; 27: DOPA Rt = 1.97; 28: BH2 Rt = 2.14; 29: BIO Rt = 2.32; 30: 3-O-MD Rt = 4.47; 31: 5-HTP Rt = 5.01; 32: CORT Rt = 12.70. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-chromatogram-of-a-medium-qc-spiked-1zmrd0pt.png Fig. 3. Representative chromatogram of a medium QC spiked human urine, Part 2. 33: BH4 Rt = 1.04; 34: NH2 Rt = 1.41; 35: NORME Rt = 1.46; 36: SYN Rt = 1.61; 37: METANEP Rt = 2.00; 38: TYR Rt = 2.88; 39: TRP Rt = 8.21; 40: VMA Rt = 4.32; 41: DOPAC Rt = 8.2; 42: HVA Rt = 10.30. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-control-strategy-of-full-bridge-modular-multilevel-ylnqj7c168 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-per-phase-control-for-md-adjustment-2mk83n2m.png Figure 2: Per phase control for md adjustment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-h-bridge-mmc-based-hvdc-converter-station-number-of-2k4c4zag.png Figure 1: H-bridge MMC based HVDC converter station (Number of cells per arm N=21, cell capacitance Cm=1mF, and arm inductance Ld=50mH). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-waveforms-when-cell-capacitor-voltage-balancing-of-18wmvqdc.png Figure 4: Waveforms when cell capacitor voltage balancing of the H-bridge MMC HVDC converter is decoupled from the DC link voltage and AC grid voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-waveforms-illustrates-closed-loop-performance-of-a-3dvhw1l6.png Figure 3: Waveforms illustrates closed loop performance of a H-bridge MMC during DC link voltage reversal. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-kinematic-options-in-alegra-4x9avxyfrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stretch-eigenvalues-for-a-rotation-problem-with-a-lwc94lon.png Figure 1. Stretch eigenvalues for a rotation problem with a discontinuous vorticity field. Plotted is the eigenvalue vs. radius from origin with the exact solution plotted in the solid line. Reset to identity (left) and limit smallest eigenvalue (right). https://scispace.com/papers/improved-linear-discriminant-analysis-considering-empirical-23u3ghs3n2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-the-polynomial-regressions-of-various-ot3cp0g5.png Figure 3: Plot of the polynomial regressions of various degrees based on the data points in Fig. 2(b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-of-the-empirical-pairwise-classification-1mklgr24.png Figure 2: Plots of the empirical pairwise classification error rates versus the corresponding Mahalanobis distances of classmeans pairs for the features of speech training data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-eq-6-and-eq-7-with-various-values-of-k-the-sk2m80bk.png Figure 1: Plot of Eq. (6) and Eq. (7) with various values of k. The horizontal axis represents the Mahalanobis distance ijΔ . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-cer-results-of-de-lda-with-respect-to-various-13sqfuux.png Table 1. The CER results (%) of DE-LDA, with respect to various degrees of polynomials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-among-the-cer-results-of-de-lda-and-26636z45.png Table 2. Comparison among the CER results (%) of DE-LDA and various LDA-based approaches. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-regeneration-of-eggplant-doubled-haploids-from-2xnljpybr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentages-of-the-different-shoot-types-observed-3jcw2vij.png Figure 3: Percentages of the different shoot types observed after 30 days in four 350  elongation media: M11 (A), M12 (B), M13 (C) and M14 (D). For each elongation 351  medium the shoots produced are classified in five types: type 0 (dead shoots), type 1 (no 352  growth, or formation of swollen, hyperhydrated organs with no stem growth), type 2 353  (formation of new, no hyperhydrated organs, but no stem elongation), type 3 (formation 354  of new, no hyperhydrated organs and stem elongation) and type 4 (root formation in 355  addition to all type 3 features. The percentages above the brackets correspond to the 356  sum of the shoot types forming new, normal-appearing organs (types 2+3+4). 357 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-of-the-m11-m12-m13-and-m14-media-after-6-x3801vlu.png Table 1: Performance of the M11, M12, M13 and M14 media after 6 months expressed 327  as the number of shoots presenting spontaneous rooting, ready for transference to 328  rooting medium (RM), acclimated from RM, and total acclimated (spontaneous rooting 329  + acclimated from RM). Numbers between brackets express percentages. 330 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-frequencies-of-the-elongated-and-rooted-shoots-2999otas.png Figure 4: A: Frequencies of the elongated and rooted shoots observed after 6 months in 359  the elongation media used. B: Time needed by shoots cultured in different elongation 360  media to be ready for transference to rooting medium. See text for further details. 361 https://scispace.com/papers/improved-prediction-of-shell-side-heat-transfer-in-g68uwiwstx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-conditions-for-experimental-tests-33ui2vt2.png Table 1 Test conditions for experimental tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-boiling-heat-transfer-coefficient-data-and-model-37pnfsat.png Figure 5 – Boiling heat transfer coefficient data and model predictions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-instability-for-a-solitary-wave-14-20egdm6o.png Figure 6 – Instability for a solitary wave [14] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-baffle-arrangements-for-different-test-geometries-1yssvwxu.png Figure 1- Baffle arrangements for different test geometries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-new-heat-transfer-model-with-widely-2y4l6ldr.png Figure 10 – Comparison of new heat transfer model with widely used homogeneous model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-completely-stratified-flow-and-stratified-flow-with-re9hg9zt.png Figure 9 – Completely Stratified flow and Stratified flow with liquid entrainment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shellside-flow-network-proposed-by-tinker-8-a6a4rx1s.png Figure 2 – Shellside flow network proposed by Tinker [8] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-shows-a-comparison-of-the-heat-transfer-pyyxnky6.png Figure 10 – Comparison of new heat transfer model with widely used homogeneous model. https://scispace.com/papers/improved-packet-loss-recovery-using-late-frames-for-4e5uxamz0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-results-bfqs3kk2.png Table 1: Evaluation results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-call-sequence-for-the-modified-decoder-377clu6j.png Fig. 3: Call sequence for the modified decoder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decoded-speech-signals-2reepx6y.png Fig. 2: Decoded speech signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chronogram-showing-the-effects-of-one-late-frame-3ig9nyin.png Fig. 1: Chronogram showing the effects of one late frame. https://scispace.com/papers/improvement-of-biodegradability-and-biocompatibility-of-8os9xti5d1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cell-adhesion-a-and-proliferation-b-of-mdck-2j9zqa9p.png Figure 8. Cell adhesion (a) and proliferation (b) of MDCK epithelial and NRK fibroblast cell lines. *p <0.05 vs control. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-thermal-degradation-data-of-the-different-3k2f8r9m.png Table 3. Thermal degradation data of the different electrospun scaffolds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-calorimetric-data-deduced-from-the-first-and-b3f36uql.png Table 2. Main calorimetric data deduced from the first and second heating scans performed with the different studied scaffolds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-cell-morphology-of-mdck-epithelial-and-nrk-1crjixpp.png Figure 9. Cell morphology of MDCK epithelial and NRK fibroblast cell lines grown onto electrospun of PBT, PBSeT, PBT/PBSeT and co(PBT-PBSeT). The asterisk points out the monolayer growth of the cells. The inset shows the spreading of the cells onto the fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1h-nmr-spectra-of-the-diferent-studied-electrospun-3rmb5yb7.png Figure 4. 1H-NMR spectra of the diferent studied electrospun scaffolds (a) and magnification of the sequence sensitive signals corresponding to the –OCH2 protons of the butanediol unit (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-frequency-distributions-of-the-fiber-diameter-and-6znhydlv.png Figure 3. Frequency distributions of the fiber diameter and Gaussian functions for PBT (a), PBSeT (b), PBT/PBSeT (c) and co(PBT-PBSeT) (d) electrospun scaffolds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dsc-heating-traces-of-the-different-electrospun-27b80b40.png Figure 5. DSC heating traces of the different electrospun matrices before (a) and after being slowly cooled (10 ºC/min) from the melt sate (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-electrospinning-parameters-for-the-9pqqpom7.png Table 1. Selected electrospinning parameters for the different studied samples. https://scispace.com/papers/improvement-of-jet-flow-simulations-using-zdes-mode-3-and-15fzi0pv74 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-snapshots-of-the-simulations-iso-q-criterion-and-17v1bnan.png Figure 5. Snapshots of the simulations. Iso-Q criterion and gradient of density https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-snapshots-of-the-simulations-close-up-on-the-nozzle-22l493sc.png Figure 6. Snapshots of the simulations. Close-up on the nozzle exit, magnitude of vorticity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-snapshots-of-the-simulations-cross-jet-planes-p9ctyiav.png Figure 7. Snapshots of the simulations. Cross-jet planes, magnitude of vorticity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-rms-of-streamwise-velocity-fluctuations-along-the-1yjihnzl.png Figure 11. RMS of streamwise velocity fluctuations along the centreline and the lipline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-nozzle-exit-velocity-profiles-at-x-d-0-04-2t6bpyoi.png Figure 8. Nozzle exit velocity profiles at x/D=0.04 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mean-velocity-profiles-along-the-centreline-and-10nrupui.png Figure 10. Mean velocity profiles along the centreline and the lipline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-reynolds-stresses-profiles-at-the-nozzle-exit-x-d-0-3976tyiu.png Figure 9. Reynolds stresses profiles at the nozzle exit (x/D=0.04) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aerodynamic-conditions-of-the-pprime-jet-experiments-hqz6f3z7.png Table 1. Aerodynamic conditions of the Pprime jet experiments https://scispace.com/papers/improving-a-state-of-the-art-named-entity-recognition-system-oxn5gq2bg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-three-heuristics-fb-1-24hvpeck.png Table 1.: Results of the three heuristics, Fβ=1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-our-ner-system-26481po9.png Figure 1.: The structure of our NER system https://scispace.com/papers/improvement-of-the-hydrostatic-reconstruction-scheme-to-get-2tir8kg6ne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-transcritical-flow-with-shock-at-time-t-200-with-the-th12j0b0.png Table 6: Transcritical flow with shock at time t = 200 with the relaxation scheme. Evolution with respect of the cell number of the discharge L2-error, the dissipation rate E0, the number of time iterations N and the percent increasing, the maximum value of γn and the average in time of γn. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-transcritical-flow-with-shock-at-time-t-200-with-the-2m3308xe.png Table 7: Transcritical flow with shock at time t = 200 with the viscous VF-Roe scheme. Evolution with respect to the cell number of the discharge L2-error, the maximum value of γn and the average in time of γn. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-transcritical-flow-with-shock-at-time-t-200-with-400-2pjk2ke6.png Table 8: Transcritical flow with shock at time t = 200 with 400 cells. Discharge L2-error versus the definition of Ki+ 1 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-transcritical-flow-with-shock-at-time-t-200-with-400-27kqyya4.png Table 9: Transcritical flow with shock at time t = 200 with 400 cells. Discharge L2-error versus the definition of k involved in αi+ 1 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-numerical-simulation-obtained-for-dam-break-over-a-1zut4jrj.png Figure 11: Numerical simulation obtained for dam-break over a dry area at time t = 1.5 with 200 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-numerical-simulation-of-the-hydraulic-jump-zoom-of-1ftgba82.png Figure 10: Numerical simulation of the hydraulic jump (zoom of the transcritical flow with shock discontinuity) at time t = 200 with 200 cells for the viscous VF-Roe scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-numerical-simulation-obtained-for-the-transcritical-2zrwjm2m.png Figure 9: Numerical simulation obtained for the transcritical flow with shock discontinuity at time t = 200 with 200 cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-numerical-simulation-obtained-for-the-subcritical-2vtldk51.png Figure 6: Numerical simulation obtained for the subcritical flow at time t = 100 with 200 cells. https://scispace.com/papers/improvement-of-the-photoluminescence-properties-in-a-sinx-4f51b2yksi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pl-spectra-of-thea-sinx-h-samples-prepared-with-the-2wcm8b6y.png FIG. 4. PL spectra of thea-SiNx :H samples prepared with the differentp values are shown.~The numbers indicate the energy corresponding to the peak maximumEPL!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-densities-of-si-h-si-n-and-n-h-bonds-as-a-function-of-2qoe3ehc.png FIG. 3. Densities of Si–H, Si–N, and N–H bonds as a function of nitrogen percentagep in the gaseous mixture are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-infrared-absorption-spectrum-of-thea-sinx-h-sample-kq95dizb.png FIG. 2. Infrared absorption spectrum of thea-SiNx :H sample prepared with p520% is shown. https://scispace.com/papers/improvements-in-pain-relief-handling-time-and-pressure-449wpbqy9x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-patients-with-pressure-ulcers-on-2aechcyn.png Figure 2 Percentage of patients with pressure ulcers on buttocks, on discharge from hospital. Pressure ulcers on buttocks decreased from 14.5% in 1998 to 3.8% in 2000 (p < 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-and-percentage-of-patients-with-pressure-1k3jxkpu.png Table 2 Number and percentage of patients with pressure ulcers on discharge from hospital https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-and-percentage-of-patients-divided-by-time-of-1zofo8ad.png Table 1 Number and percentage of patients divided by time of first pain relief https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-patients-operated-divided-by-time-3v1sja65.png Figure 1 Percentage of patients operated divided by time from admission to operation. The increase of patients operated within 12 hours was significant (p < 0.01) from 1998 to 2000. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-clinical-communication-and-collaboration-through-33pewbcwj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pre-and-post-online-survey-question-results-3th5fjdt.png Table 2 Pre and Post Online Survey Question Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-devices-carried-by-a-physician-in-a-san-francisco-3f64gu6q.png Figure 1: Devices carried by a physician in a San Francisco hospital, January 6, 2019. For nurses, there is a mix of devices between the facilities in the health system, with some carrying older analog phones, whose only function is to make calls and receive alerts/alarms, and some carrying newer smart devices. Four years previously, nurses and other clinicians in some of the Southern California facilities had moved to these smart devices with the VCS application in a platform that KP had named integrated healthcare communication (IHC). The capabilities of the IHC platform are listed below (see Appendix H for a full list of the potential capabilities of clinical communication platforms in healthcare today). The hardware https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-and-post-interview-question-results-2ka143xl.png Table 1 Pre and Post Interview Question Results https://scispace.com/papers/improving-biomass-production-and-saccharification-in-kelk9vo7b9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-new-click-here-to-download-line-figure-fig3-new-tif-o26zhtdx.png Figure 3 New Click here to download line figure Fig3_New.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-click-here-to-download-line-figure-fig4-tif-1fidhmhc.png Figure 4 Click here to download line figure Fig4.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-new-click-here-to-download-line-figure-fig1-new-tif-27zu6lbd.png Figure 1 New Click here to download line figure Fig1_New.tif https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-new-click-here-to-download-line-figure-fig2-new-tif-zacoz9qt.png Figure 2 New Click here to download line figure Fig2_New.tif https://scispace.com/papers/improving-child-health-and-cognition-evidence-from-a-school-j38fnairih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-school-attendance-during-the-26pbv5jt.png Figure 1: Distribution of school attendance during the treatment period (0 to 100%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-itt-effects-of-the-dfs-treatment-on-hemoglobin-level-g9fah4o5.png Table 2: ITT effects of the DFS treatment on hemoglobin level and anemia https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-itt-effects-of-the-dfs-treatment-on-cognition-and-3ahsu47i.png Table 3: ITT effects of the DFS treatment on cognition and education https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-heterogeneous-treatment-effects-on-hemoglobin-and-22la304h.png Table 4: Heterogeneous treatment effects on hemoglobin and anemia by school attendance rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-heterogeneous-treatment-effects-on-cognition-and-3ssm2z68.png Table 5: Heterogeneous treatment effects on cognition and education by school attendance rate https://scispace.com/papers/improving-image-contrast-using-coded-excitation-for-1lzg1hams2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-ho-for-various-contrast-target-for-cp-rec-rec-fc-370qm6tm.png TABLE II HO FOR VARIOUS CONTRAST TARGET FOR CP, REC, REC-FC (THIRD-WIDTH) AND EREC-FC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-excitation-of-an-ultrasound-system-h-t-by-a-pre-3kfjl8cl.png Fig. 1. Excitation of an ultrasound system, h(t) by a pre-enhanced chirp, x(t), and its resulting output, y(t). X(f), H(f), and Y (f) correspond to the Fourier transform of x(t), h(t), and y(t), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-b-mode-images-for-a-rec-reference-b-rec-fc-full-width-15hxss16.png Fig. 3. B-mode images for (a) REC reference, (b) REC-FC (full width), (c) REC-FC (half width), (d) REC-FC (third-width), (e) REC-FC (fourth-width), REC-FC (eight-width). Image dynamic range is -50 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-compression-of-the-y-t-is-represented-by-yc-t-and-the-1k0rid2z.png Fig. 2. Compression of the y(t) is represented by yc(t) and the logcompressed and envelope detected version of yc(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-individual-envelopes-showcasing-the-axial-resolution-5q8tp98c.png Fig. 4. (a) Individual envelopes showcasing the axial resolution for the REC reference case , the REC-FC cases, and the eREC-FC case(b) zoomed version of eREC-FC showing that the axial resolution was similar to REC-FC (full width). Note that the axial resolution for REC-FC (full width) is the same for CP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-b-mode-images-for-the-ats-phantom-12-mm-6-db-contrast-1d8omybq.png Fig. 5. B-mode images for the ATS phantom 12 mm, +6 dB contrast target for (a) CP (reference), (b) REC (reference), (c) REC-FC (third-width), and (d) eREC-FC https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cnr-for-various-contrast-targets-for-cp-rec-rec-fc-rllf3kfb.png TABLE I CNR FOR VARIOUS CONTRAST TARGETS FOR CP, REC, REC-FC (THIRD-WIDTH) AND EREC-FC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-b-mode-images-for-the-hydrogel-cone-phantom-5-mm-6-db-1x3dhglx.png Fig. 8. B-mode images for the hydrogel cone phantom 5 mm, +6 dB contrast target for (a) CP (reference), (b) REC (reference), (c) REC-FC (third-width), and (d) eREC-FC https://scispace.com/papers/improving-low-resource-cd-dnn-hmm-using-dropout-and-2x56q90r91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-datasets-used-in-our-experiments-1tv4k10h.png Table 1. Statistics of the datasets used in our experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wer-of-cd-dnn-hmm-on-ge-dev-set-a-hdf-is-varied-2jk0annj.png Figure 1: WER of CD-DNN-HMM on GE dev set. (a) HDF is varied with IDF=0. (b) IDF is varied with HDF=0.2. DNN has 4 hidden layers on 2 hours and 5 hidden layers on 5 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-of-cd-dnn-hmm-on-the-german-evaluation-38wzxg3d.png Table 2. Performance of CD-DNN-HMM on the German evaluation set with various training sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cv-error-rate-during-dnn-finetuning-over-100-epochs-2osgwyeu.png Figure 3: CV error rate during DNN finetuning over 100 epochs. The starting learning rate, 0.08 for BP and 1.2 for dropout, is not halved through the 100 epochs. DNN has 4 hidden layers on 2 hours and 5 hidden layers on 5 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-multilingual-dnn-training-on-the-21ok16lq.png Table 3. Performance of multilingual DNN training on the German evaluation set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-dropout-and-standard-bp-in-terms-3fhlm76z.png Figure 2: Comparison between dropout and standard BP in terms of WER% on GE dev set. BP_RBM and dropout_RBM represent BP and dropout with RBM pretraining, while BP_random means that network parameters are randomly initialized. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-error-correction-codes-for-multiple-cell-upsets-in-3c7jmzrojx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-parity-check-matrix-h-for-the-24-16-fuec-taec-code-orapg8al.png Fig. 8. Parity check matrix H for the (24, 16) FUEC-TAEC code. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-layout-of-a-16-data-bit-word-for-the-fuec-codes-2z64wysr.png Fig. 6. Layout of a 16 data-bit word for the FUEC codes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-parity-check-matrix-h-for-the-23-16-fuec-daec-code-l47yrxnr.png Fig. 7. Parity check matrix H for the (23, 16) FUEC-DAEC code. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-parity-check-matrix-h-for-the-25-16-fuec-quaec-code-qkxlkzdu.png Fig. 9. Parity check matrix H for the (25, 16) FUEC-QUAEC code. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-block-diagram-of-the-fault-injector-simulator-25ngojdo.png Fig. 10. Block diagram of the fault injector simulator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-global-evaluation-applying-m-metric-rodoy78g.png Fig. 16. Global evaluation applying M metric. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-delay-overhead-in-ps-2j9kl6b1.png Fig. 15. Delay overhead (in ps). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-encoding-channel-crossing-and-decoding-process-2v1bdwgf.png Fig. 1. Encoding, channel crossing and decoding process. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-pem-water-electrolyser-s-performance-by-magnetic-3ky8k1be3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-magnetic-field-on-pemwe-at-water-flow-14k7zzbi.png Figure 5. Effect of Magnetic field on PEMWE at water flow rates of (a) 300 ml min -1 (b) 200 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-view-of-mhd-effect-a-lorentz-force-upward-2h60goi8.png Figure 2. Schematic view of MHD effect, (a) Lorentz Force upward, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-setup-for-the-magnetic-field-gxtrt6i5.png Figure 4. Experimental Setup for the Magnetic Field Experiments of PEMWE https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-current-density-value-at-2-5-v-for-magnetized-and-1lhr1480.png Table 2. Current Density value at 2.5 V for magnetized and non-magnetized cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-flow-rate-on-the-performance-of-the-a-non-16sdwzpo.png Figure 6. Effect of flow rate on the performance of the a) non-magnetized https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-behaviour-of-gas-bubbles-in-the-pemwe-anode-a-gas-2ltiqr0n.png Figure 1. Behaviour of gas bubbles in the PEMWE anode a) gas evolution due to the electrochemical reaction, b) growth and detachment of bubbles from the electrode surface, and c) bubbles removal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-change-in-pemwe-current-density-with-the-change-2nyu4wzo.png Table 1. The change in PEMWE current density with the change in the magnetic flux density. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-speaker-identification-in-noise-by-subband-45otr07tym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-varying-the-noise-bandwidth-on-performance-1m8jn2fa.png Fig. 5. Effect of varying the noise bandwidth on performance for words: (a) seven and (b) nine. The noise centre frequency is fixed at 987 Hz. For word seven, the number of HMM states is fixed at 6. For word nine, the number of HMM states is fixed at 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-correct-identification-for-60-speakers-3e7hkb6q.png Fig. 4. Percentage correct identification for 60 speakers saying the words: (a) seven and (b) nine as the number of subbands is varied between 2 and 22. For word seven, the number of HMM states is fixed at 6. For word nine, the number of HMM states is fixed at 5. Noise condition: 987 Hz centre frequency, 365 Hz bandwidth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percentage-correct-identification-for-60-speakers-3qfm6ksc.png Fig. 3. Percentage correct identification for 60 speakers saying the words: (a) seven and (b) nine as the number of subbands is varied between 2 and 22 and the number of HMM states for each subband recogniser is varied from 5 to 10. Noise condition: 987 Hz centre frequency, 365 Hz bandwidth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-subband-processing-system-1kywxu9l.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the subband processing system. Each subband (filter) has its own recognition subsystem, whose output is fed to a fusion algorithm which makes the final, overall decision about speaker identity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-filter-profiles-for-the-two-representative-cases-of-a-qp2bf7zc.png Fig. 2. Filter profiles for the two representative cases of: (a) N ¼ 4 and (b) N ¼ 16. Filters are sixth-order Butterworth with )3 dB crossover frequencies equally spaced in mel frequency over the range 0–4 kHz. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-the-stability-of-organosiloxane-smectic-a-liquid-joqzjz67jl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ammar-khan-et-al-2xh8171b.png Table 2 Ammar Khan et al. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ammar-khan-et-al-73k824k4.png Table 1 Ammar Khan et al. https://scispace.com/papers/improving-the-usability-evaluation-technique-heuristic-4giadmxnwp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participants-by-condition-1yshba9n.png Table 2. Participants by Condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-treatment-and-control-conditions-yoac20pf.png Table 1. Experiment Treatment and Control Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experiment-results-1k7wizh4.png Table 4. Experiment Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-he-productivity-measures-used-for-this-experiment-1076yit8.png Table 3. HE Productivity Measures Used for This Experiment https://scispace.com/papers/impulsive-perturbations-to-differential-equations-stable-2cy35z3s7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-eddy-structure-of-36-in-which-the-effect-of-an-3460ptw0.png Figure 7. The eddy structure of (36), in which the effect of an underwater explosion centred at each of the red dots will be assessed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-leading-order-flux-functions-for-the-eddy-of-figure-19burgvr.png Figure 8. Leading-order flux functions for the eddy of Figure 7 associated with explosions centred at each of the red dots in Figure 7, computed according to (37). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-stable-pseudo-manifold-left-and-unstable-pseudo-2m6sf7sz.png Figure 3. The stable pseudo-manifold (left) and unstable pseudo-manifold (right) for the example in Section 4 with ε = 0.1, at different t-values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-flow-separating-pseudo-manifolds-when-a-e-0-and-11l33bbk.png Figure 6. The flow-separating pseudo-manifolds when (a) ε = 0 and (b) ε 6= 0, with the pseudo-separatrix construction of Definition 3 shown in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-behaviour-of-the-melnikov-flux-function-40-a-3amo66ka.png Figure 11. The behaviour of the Melnikov/flux function (40) (a) at different gate positions, and (b) at different times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-unstable-pseudo-manifold-gu-e-of-a-associated-355ops1t.png Figure 2. The unstable pseudo-manifold Γu ε of a associated with (7), which comprises segments of smooth surfaces with jump discontinuities at ti, i = 1, 2, · · · , n. The thick curve is the ‘hyperbolic-like’ trajectory a+(t), to which trajectories on Γ u ε are attracted in backwards time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-phase-plane-associated-with-39-for-the-flux-kdt0n6gy.png Figure 10. Phase plane associated with (39), for the flux computation example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-e-0-phase-spaces-for-7-a-and-b-xr-displaying-3olf15ni.png Figure 1. The ε = 0 phase spaces for (7): (a) Ω, and (b) Ω×R, displaying hyperbolic trajectory [bold], and the two branches of each of the stable, Γs, and unstable, Γu, manifolds. https://scispace.com/papers/in-my-letters-but-i-was-still-by-myself-highlighting-the-4f1mwuktqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profile-of-queer-men-of-color-self-reported-on-a-hfgj3pd3.png Table 1 Profile of Queer Men of Color (Self-Reported on a Demographic Form) https://scispace.com/papers/in-plane-anisotropy-of-coercive-field-in-permalloy-square-38z91zyefm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-m-h-loop-calculated-using-oommf-code-showing-result-3fk0blcc.png FIG. 5. M-H loop calculated using OOMMF code, showing result for M component of the magnetization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-mfm-image-of-p45-array-in-the-remanent-18wncttg.png FIG. 6. Color online MFM image of P45 array in the remanent state. The arrows show the direction of magnetization for the onion state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-angular-dependences-of-the-two-switching-fields-for-q5kkxxtx.png FIG. 7. Angular dependences of the two switching fields for the studied samples. The dashed line shows illustrative angular behavior for simplified magnetization switching governed by magnetostatic energy of ring sides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-schematic-representation-of-results-lmy7xqyi.png FIG. 4. Color online A schematic representation of results from micromagnetic calculations with the magnetic field applied along the edge of the ring with 10° offset clockwise from the Y direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-magnetization-loops-measured-by-a-vector-moke-wg3dlnqy.png FIG. 3. Magnetization loops measured by a vector-MOKE technique showing components of the magnetization transverse to the magnetic field in the sample P200. The direction of the field is 10° away from the edge of the ring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnetization-loops-measured-by-longitudinal-moke-27anjb9y.png FIG. 2. Magnetization loops measured by longitudinal MOKE showing the component of the magnetization parallel to the magnetic field in the sample P70. The direction of the field is 10° away from the edge of the ring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-image-of-the-p45-array-of-square-shaped-950-nm-tsvdzqhe.png FIG. 1. SEM image of the P45 array of square-shaped 950 nm nanorings with 45 nm separation. https://scispace.com/papers/in-pursuit-of-closed-loop-supply-chains-for-critical-32faagn9gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-enabling-and-bottleneck-conditions-2k0le8uq.png Table 5. Enabling and bottleneck conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-profile-of-the-companies-interviewed-24nx81j0.png Table 2. Profile of the companies interviewed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factors-influencing-development-of-clsc-for-crm-2azhufuq.png Table 1. Factors influencing development of CLSC for CRM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-companies-in-relation-to-industry-and-supply-chain-l74b7pzn.png Figure 1. Companies in relation to industry and supply chain position. Index ‘M’ stands for a manufacturing company and index ‘R’ refers to a reverse supply chain operator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-influencing-clsc-for-crm-as-indicated-by-2dnby7lt.png Table 4. Factors influencing CLSC for CRM as indicated by interviewed companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rigor-of-the-study-evaluation-criteria-and-steps-2wo23os1.png Table 3. Rigor of the study: evaluation criteria and steps taken https://scispace.com/papers/in-operandi-observation-of-dynamic-annealing-a-case-study-of-14y6142t83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-ge-nws-and-associated-nanodevices-a-1wvlwsuv.png FIG. 1. SEM images of Ge NWs and associated nanodevices. (a) Bundles of Au-seeded Ge NWs deposited on SiO2 surface, showing a wide diameter distribution (20–100 nm) of NWs with high aspect ratios. (b) SEM image of a four-terminal Ge NW device (top right) and an open-circuit two-terminal structure (bottom left). (c) Higher magnification SEM image of a fourterminal Ge NW device fabricated with 200 nm wide Au electrodes with 1 lm spacings. (d) Schematic diagram of the implantation procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surface-morphology-and-crystalline-structure-of-ge-nws-2dviq7nq.png FIG. 4. Surface morphology and crystalline structure of Ge NWs implanted with B to the dose of 5 1014 cm 2. (a) SEM image of B implanted Ge NWs deposited on SiO2 surface. NWs with diameters below about 45 nm show increased surface roughness, whereas thicker NWs remain a smooth surface. (b) TEM image of a 36 nm wire, showing a large number of defects spread all over the NW body. (c) TEM image of crystalline clusters embedded beneath amorphized Ge NW surface (55 nm). (d) High number of stacking faults associated with the incorporation of B clusters in a 82 nm longitudinally twinned Ge NW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diameter-dependence-of-ion-implantation-doping-effects-3izfssl3.png FIG. 3. Diameter-dependence of ion implantation doping effects in Ge NWs. (a) Doping threshold and amorphization dose plotted as function of diameter size. Larger diameter NWs are more resilient to implantation damage. Dashed-dotted lines are guides to the eye. (b) Relative change, qðIIIÞ=qðIÞ, in NW resistivity and (c) contactresistivity as function of NW diameter, comparing resistivities in stages III and I of the implantation process. Insets in (b) and (c) show the overall change (in %) in the respective resistivities. The results indicate that as the NW diameter decreases, the probability of dopant activation becomes smaller while defect formation is more extensive. Dashed-dotted lines are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electrical-characterization-of-ion-implantation-doping-fk7qul0v.png FIG. 2. Electrical characterization of ion implantation doping in Ge NWs. Representative data for a 53 nm diameter NW show (a) the NW resistivity qNW and (b) contact resistivity qC plotted as function of the nominal implanted dose. Three stages of characteristic defect formation and activation can be distinguished, denoted in (a). At fluencies below 3 1013 cm 2 (stage I), qNW and qC values fluctuate slowly within one order of magnitude since the density of activated B dopants in this fluency range is smaller than the initial carrier concentration in the NWs. For higher doses (stage II), beyond a threshold doping dose, a distinct drop in qNW and qC signifies the effective B doping of the NW. Finally, above 3 1014 cm 2 (stage III), the device signal was lost due to Joule-heating mediated electromigration resulting from an onset of amorphization of the NW. https://scispace.com/papers/in-search-of-britain-s-muslim-ghettoes-2h5n6c38m9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-areas-at-three-separate-spatial-scales-32gvgf05.png Table 2. The number of areas – at three separate spatial scales – where Muslims, Hindus, Jewish and Sikhs formed 90%<, 75%<, and 50%< of the local population at the 2011 census of England and Wales. The column headed Places indicates the number of separate local authorities in which those areas were located; that headed Areas indicates the number of separate areas (Districts, Neighbourhoods and Blocks respectively) in those places; that headed %T gives the percentage of all Muslims in England and Wales living in those areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-areas-at-three-separate-spatial-scales-4sx9gped.png Table 1. The number of areas – at three separate spatial scales – where Muslims formed 90%<, 75%<, and 50%< of the local population at the 2001 and 2011 censuses of England and Wales. The column headed Places indicates the number of separate local authorities in which those areas were located; that headed Areas indicates the number of separate areas (Districts, Neighbourhoods and Blocks respectively) in those places; that headed %Total gives the percentage of all Muslims in England and Wales living in those areas. https://scispace.com/papers/in-silico-evaluation-of-arrhythmia-51jqxcotix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-combining-experimental-and-clinical-knowledge-2om6wptq.png Table I: Combining experimental and clinical knowledge generates new insights with benefits for human health https://scispace.com/papers/in-silico-identification-and-characterisation-of-17-w4wy8pc3qa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-numbers-of-unannotated-genomic-regions-of-nho6dcnv.png Figure 1: Numbers of unannotated genomic regions of particular minimum sizes in chicken autosomes, based on distances between consecutive transcription blocks. Black dots represent candidate regions selected for ANM design (Table 1). https://scispace.com/papers/in-silico-studies-reveal-potential-antiviral-activity-of-27w4pwvlic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3w3fe4sg.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-chemical-characterization-of-aged-biomass-burning-98i8dvtfg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-summary-of-clear-air-particle-and-cloud-residue-1eln2pvu.png FIG. 2. Summary of clear-air particle and cloud residue chemistry. The columns refer to (a),(d),(f) chemistry of clear-air particles, (b),(g) period 1 cloud residues (likely primarily homogeneously nucleated ice), and (c),(e),(h) period 2 cloud residues (primarily cloud droplets). The rows illustrate the measurements provided by A-ATOFMS, STEM-EDX, and C-ToF-AMS and SP2, as follows: Relative number fractions of particle types were measured by the (a)–(c) A-ATOFMS and (d),(e) STEM-EDX. Uncertainties noted were calculated assuming Poisson statistics for sample sizes of 18–452 particles for the A-ATOFMS and 50–73 particles for the STEM-EDX for each period, as noted in sections 2b and 2c. (f)–(h) Nonrefractory (organics, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride) mass fractions measured by the C-ToF-AMS, as well as relative black carbon mass fraction, measured by the SP2. Ranges in C-ToF-AMS mass fractions are based on standard deviations of background filter measurements, as well as sampling variability, and assume a collection efficiency of 1 for the C-ToF-AMS, which introduces additional error, as discussed in section 2d. SP2 mass fraction ranges are based on standard deviations of the ambient measurements, considering the assumptions made for the C-ToF-AMS measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ccn-efficiency-shown-as-the-ratio-of-ccn-to-cn-as-a-2d0hi8cb.png FIG. 7. CCN efficiency, shown as the ratio of CCN to CN, as a function of Sc within the DRI CCN spectrometer measured during a clear-air period from 1756:32 to 1806:54 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-positive-and-negative-ion-digital-mass-spectra-showing-269c49rb.png FIG. 3. Positive and negative ion digital mass spectra showing the relative fractions of biomassburning particles (y axis) containing each m/z (x axis) binned by ion peak area (color scale). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-as-in-fig-5-but-for-properties-of-a-representative-ox80drcr.png FIG. 6. As in Fig. 5, but for properties of a representative mixed-phase cloud penetration during period 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-instruments-techniques-utilized-with-gan5ukge.png TABLE 1. List of instruments/techniques utilized with measured parameters and corresponding references noted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-period-1-cloud-properties-as-measured-by-the-wyoming-2vyeqlmu.png FIG. 4. Period 1 cloud properties, as measured by the Wyoming cloud radar and lidar, with respect to time (h UTC) and altitude (km) of the flight trajectory. (top) Upward- and downward-pointing radar reflectivity (dBZ); the white gap indicates the dead zone near the aircraft. The outline of two ice streamers can be seen in the downward-pointing radar; because of the higher noise level of the upward-pointing radar, the wave clouds above the aircraft cannot be distinguished. (middle) Lidar (upward-pointing) attenuated backscattering power (uncalibrated) and (bottom) lidar linear depolarization ratio (uncalibrated), illustrating the structure of two sampled wave clouds above flight altitude. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cloud-microphysical-properties-for-periods-1-and-2-2ujbt488.png TABLE 2. Cloud microphysical properties for periods 1 and 2 of cloud sampling. Medians, with standard deviations in parentheses, are noted, except for vertical velocity, for which maximum values are reported. Ranges are given for period 2, in which several penetrations were examined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-period-1-cloud-properties-a-temperature-8c-b-water-2vpjdz7k.png FIG. 5. Period 1 cloud properties: (a) temperature (8C); (b) water vapor content (ppmv) measured by the TDL hygrometer, and cloud LWC (g m23) measured by the Rosemount icing detector, with the red line denoting the LWC detection limit; (c) RHi measured by standard and TDL hygrometers, as well as RHw measured by the TDL hygrometer; (d) cloud particle (droplet–ice) concentrations measured by the following cloud particle probes: 2D (L21), CDP (cm23), and FSSP (cm23); (e) vertical velocity (m s21); and (f) ue (K) with respect to altitude (km) for sampling in and out of cloud with the moist adiabat lines noted. https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-fluorescence-monitoring-of-cyanobacteria-laboratory-25rmycxe5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-biovolume-vs-pc-from-exo-sensor-replicate-1-11upwc5l.png Figure 4 –Total biovolume vs. PC from EXO sensor (Replicate #1 for each species showing median and SD. SD for PC EXO was always < 1 RFU) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cell-concentration-106-cell-ml-1-over-time-for-1kun3znt.png Figure 1 – Cell concentration [106 cell · mL-1] over time for Replicate #1 of each of the four species. The span of the error bar is equal to 2 standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-chl-a-determined-by-spectrophotometer-vs-chl-a-from-13adqyp0.png Figure 3 – Chl-a determined by spectrophotometer vs Chl-a from EXO sensor (mean and standard deviation of the three replicates for the same analysis day). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-sd-cell-concentration-106-cell-ml-1-and-fdom-1cyq7ajp.png Figure 7 – Mean (±SD) cell concentration [106·cell· mL-1] and fDOM [RFU] for (a) R. raciborskii, (b) Sphaerospermopsis sp., (c) Microcystis sp. and (d) Aphanocapsa sp. for Replicates #1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pc-determined-by-spectrophotometer-vs-pc-from-exo-1gbj4rf3.png Figure 2 – PC determined by spectrophotometer vs PC from EXO sensor (mean and standard deviation of the three replicates for the same analysis day.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-sd-pc-and-chl-a-content-per-cell-exo-sensor-z62n65ea.png Figure 6 – Mean (±SD) PC and chl-a content per cell (EXO sensor measurement) for (a) R. raciborskii, (b) Sphaerospermopsis sp., (c) Microcystis sp., and (d) Aphanocapsa sp. for Replicates #1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-od750-vs-pc-from-exo-sensor-all-3-replicates-of-2d2p8nem.png Figure 5 – OD750 vs. PC from EXO sensor (all 3 replicates of each species are shown as separate points) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-four-cyanobacterial-species-16fw3spv.png Table 1 – Characteristics of the four cyanobacterial species used in the experiments https://scispace.com/papers/in-situ-speciation-of-dissolved-inorganic-antimony-in-eyqxpijyh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-ph-ionic-strength-bicarbonate-qwaoqxq6.png Table 2. Effect of pH, ionic strength, bicarbonate concentration, and artificial seawater on the 260 measurement of SbIII by mercapto-silica DGT (CMSIL) and Metsorb DGT (CMET). The 261 concentration of antimony in solution (CSOLN) was measured by ICP-MS. 262 https://scispace.com/papers/in-vitro-and-in-vivo-activity-of-ml302f-a-thioenolate-xs40vud9sm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-minimum-inhibitory-concentrations-mics-of-meropenem-10pa30lk.png Table 1 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem (MEM) with and without ML302F (1 : 8) versus multidrug-resistant Gramnegative bacteria producing VIM carbapenemases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-mechanism-for-thioenol-formation-from-3sw24ihr.png Fig. 3 Proposed mechanism for thioenol formation from faropenem. https://scispace.com/papers/in-vitro-assessment-of-the-virucidal-activity-of-four-4e2z2og11b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-virucidal-efficacy-of-mouthwashes-against-hcov-229e-3psh1hke.png Table 1. Virucidal efficacy of mouthwashes against HCoV-229E https://scispace.com/papers/in-vitro-efficacy-comparison-of-linezolid-tedizolid-2seuge9hjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-mics-of-lzd-and-rplc-rpld-and-23srrna-mutations-xt3c35uh.png Table 3.The MICs of LZD and rplC, rplD and 23srRNA mutations against M. abscessus and M. massiliense isolates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mics-of-lzd-tzd-szd-and-dzd-against-reference-3sgu7t0m.png Table 1. MICs of LZD,TZD,SZD and DZD against reference strains of 32 RGM species https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-mics-of-lzd-and-rplc-rpld-and-23srrna-mutations-2wrq4s89.png Table 4.The MICs of LZD and rplC, rplD and 23srRNA mutations against M. fortuitum isolates https://scispace.com/papers/in-vitro-methods-for-the-evaluation-of-antimicrobial-surface-2pou7ruvhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-microbial-species-involved-in-bai-among-different-2wbervhw.png Table 2. Microbial species involved in BAI among different sites of functional restoration or support across the human body. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-industrial-standard-evaluation-tests-of-3qsd6d5n.png Table 1. Industrial standard evaluation tests of antimicrobial surface designs and their possible relation with the different methods distinguished in Fig. 1, together with their intended application. (AATCC: https://scispace.com/papers/in-vitro-laser-induced-fluorescence-studies-of-breast-tumour-3lb9pqywga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-8yp6499i.png Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-laser-induced-fluorescence-spectra-and-gzw8u4pn.png Figure 1. Laser-induced fluorescence spectra and histopathology from an invasive ductal breast cancer in a low-dose (0.35 mg/kg b.w.) Photofrmn® injected patient. https://scispace.com/papers/in-vivo-recruitment-of-hematopoietic-cells-using-stromal-4imry9qhcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pre-incubation-of-three-dimensional-heparin-collagen-2ibxna2k.png FIG. 2. Pre-incubation of three-dimensional heparin– collagen scaffolds with stromal cell–derived factor 1 alpha (SDF1a) markedly enhances their population by cells upon implantation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of sections of heparin– collagen scaffolds incubated without (A, C) and with (B, D) SDF1a before implantation. Scaffolds were collected 1 week (A, B) or 5 weeks (C, D) post-implantation. Original magnification: 100. Experiment was performed twice in duplicate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ability-of-stromal-cell-derived-factor-1-alpha-28kiat56.png FIG. 3. The ability of stromal cell–derived factor 1 alpha (SDF1a) to form a gradient is essential to stimulate cell recruitment. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of sections of non-heparinized (A–C) and heparinized (D–F) collagen scaffolds incubated without (A, D) or with (B, E) SDF1a or subjected to a SDF1a washout (C, F) before implantation. All scaffolds were collected 5 weeks after implantation. Original magnification: 200. Experiment was performed twice in duplicate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-several-cell-types-populate-heparin-collagen-scaffolds-121q00x6.png FIG. 4. Several cell types populate heparin–collagen scaffolds with stromal cell– derived factor 1 alpha (SDF1a) are upon implantation. Heparin–collagen scaffolds were pre-incubated with SDF1a before implantation. After 5 weeks, scaffolds were collected, and sections were stained for CD11b (A), CD11c (B), or CD31 (D). The section in panel (C) was triple stained for CD150, CD41, and CD48 to detect hematopoietic stem cells. Sections were stained for the various cell markers, as described in Materials and Methods, and counterstained with hematoxylin. Original magnification: 400 (A, B); https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cells-recruited-early-after-implantation-mainly-18u9xbfz.png FIG. 5. Cells recruited early after implantation mainly determine the cell population present in heparin–collagen scaffolds after 5 weeks. Heparin–collagen scaffolds were implanted in C57Bl6.SJLCD45.2 mice. After 1 week, some scaffolds were collected for analysis (t¼ 1 wk; A, B), and others were transplanted to C57Bl6.SJL-CD45.1 mice. After another 4 weeks, scaffolds were collected (t¼ 5 wk; C, D). Sections of scaffolds were stained with anti-CD45.2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 104 (A, C) or anti-CD45.1 mAb A20 (B, D), as described in Materials and Methods, and counterstained with hematoxylin. Original magnification: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-staining-procedures-for-various-cell-3sdq0luh.png Table 1. Overview of the Staining Procedures for Various Cell Markers on Frozen Sections of Three-Dimensional Collagen Scaffolds https://scispace.com/papers/incentive-travel-a-theoretical-perspective-150ufzicmg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-introductory-conceptual-framework-for-incentive-1ohu7dox.png Figure 1. Introductory conceptual framework for incentive travel as an employee motivation tool. https://scispace.com/papers/incidence-of-pneumonia-and-other-respiratory-tract-3ag0x9xnn6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-clinical-data-sources7-11-1nia8u76.png Figure 1. Clinical Data Sources7–11 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-predictors-of-lrtis-in-pooled-gemini-1-and-2-data-11nq1wa3.png Figure 4. Predictors of LRTIs in Pooled GEMINI 1 and 2 Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exposure-adjusted-incidence-rates-of-lrtis-in-the-1tqzhxj4.png Figure 2. Exposure-Adjusted Incidence Rates of LRTIs in the Pooled GEMINI 1 and 2 Studies https://scispace.com/papers/incidence-of-multiple-myeloma-among-cleanup-workers-of-the-4xp4wwvfb2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sir-for-mm-in-the-cohort-of-male-cleanup-workers-in-17b60gds.png Table 2. SIR for MM in the cohort of male cleanup workers in 1996–2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-year-and-5-year-survival-of-mm-cases-by-sub-period-1dgvswh0.png Table 3. 1-year and 5-year survival of MM cases by sub-period of observation and age at diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-the-study-cohort-of-uvo9pie8.png Table 1. Main characteristics of the study cohort of Ukrainian liquidators and MM cases identified in this cohort in 1996–2013 https://scispace.com/papers/inclusion-contrast-and-polysemy-in-dictionaries-the-4i0jjjztwc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-terms-defined-in-explicit-contrast-with-the-b-term-1r4wludh.png Table 3: A-terms defined in explicit contrast with the B-term. In the dictionaries marked in bold only the A1 reading was given for the A-term. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-a-and-b-terms-considered-in-the-study-1nllrt90.png Table 1: The A- and B-terms considered in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-output-of-the-marascuilo-procedure-showing-2daph7gk.png Table 5: The output of the Marascuilo procedure showing significant differences between different A-terms (S) and differences approaching significance (AS). All other pairwise comparisons were non-significant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-representation-of-the-a-terms-in-the-2jp9dua5.png Table 2: The representation of the A-terms in the dictionaries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-more-and-less-distinct-a2-readings-c9g60822.png Figure 1: More and less distinct A2 readings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-raw-figures-and-percentage-proportions-of-the-a1-and-twm55n0o.png Table 4: Raw figures and percentage proportions of the A1 and A2 readings of the A-terms in the corpus data, ranked according to the frequency of the A2 reading. https://scispace.com/papers/including-both-static-and-dynamic-typing-in-the-same-1phucepx13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-implicitly-typed-attributes-2yvfib8w.png Figure 11: Implicitly typed attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dynamic-var-reference-1m1ehbgk.png Figure 9: Dynamic var reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-compilable-visual-basic-program-that-generates-1unx3w6u.png Figure 3: Compilable Visual Basic program that generates runtime type errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-execution-time-in-c-3-0-visual-basic-10-stadyn-and-2qf9rzpx.png Figure 14: Execution time in C# 3.0, Visual Basic 10, StaDyn and C# 4.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-corresponding-program-after-the-ssa-transformation-txykv88i.png Figure 5: Corresponding program after the SSA transformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-program-execution-in-statically-and-dynamically-2v8ksvfh.png Figure 1: Program execution in statically and dynamically typed languages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-implicitly-typed-parameters-bt3uy4jp.png Figure 10: Implicitly typed parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sample-xml-document-specifying-the-dynamism-of-the-1x4n3anq.png Figure 8: Sample XML document specifying the dynamism of the exception reference. https://scispace.com/papers/incorporating-illumination-constraints-in-deformable-models-2us05deiz4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histograms-of-the-percentage-depth-error-for-the-1z5r3ln6.png Figure 6: Histograms of the percentage depth error for the Vase (Rows 1 and 2) and Penny (Rows 3 and 4) reconstructions, relative to the true depth. Column (a) is for light(0,0,1), Column (b) is for light(1,0,1), Column (c) is for light(5,5,7) Histograms on Rows 1 and 3 are for recovered and true surfaces aligned in the same range of depth, histograms on Rows 2 and 4 are for recovered and true surfaces aligned in a \closest t" manner. Each bar in the histograms represents the summation of the number of pixels for the depth error within the interval less than or equal to the indicated value. All pixels with more than 100% error are counted as 101% error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experiments-on-3-synthesized-images-of-mozart-and-3-1cii2en1.png Figure 5: Experiments on 3 synthesized images of Mozart and 3 of Sombrero datasets. The 3-D data were rendered under 3 di erent light directions: (0,0,1), (1,0,1), (5,5,7). Column(1): input images, Col.(2): recovered surfaces, Col.(3): absolute depth error images, with recovered and true surfaces aligned in the same range of depth, Col.(4): absolute depth error images, with recovered and true surfaces aligned in a \closest t" manner. Higher intensity means higher error. Error images have all been normalized in the 0-255 range, so only comparisons within the same image are meaningful. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-c-f-are-recovered-shapes-from-the-images-b-e-using-2qdsidwp.png Figure 9: (c), (f) are recovered shapes from the images (b), (e) using the Non-Lambertian Di use re ectance model described in [29]. (a), (d) are the corresponding images of the same geometry with the same albedo under the Lambertian model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-real-images-reconstruction-and-3-renderings-under-33khcye6.png Figure 8: Real images: Reconstruction and 3 renderings under the original light source, light source with orthogonal tilt and light source with opposite tilt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-in-b-a-model-tted-under-perspective-projection-22f7a1q2.png Figure 14: In (b) a model tted under perspective projection (original image in (a)), with a lowresolution model. In (c) the case of the sombrero lit from the top; there is convex/concave ambiguity, one possible solution seen in (d). Knowledge about how to resolve the ambiguity, (e.g. singular points) can be applied to the model in the form of external forces. Here a few points in the inner lower circle were pulled down. The resulting model is in (e). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-absolute-z-error-for-synthetic-images-for-322oiqy6.png Table 1: Average absolute Z error for synthetic images. For comparison, \Best [43]" provides for each image, the best mean absolute error of the results obtained by the algorithms surveyed in [43]. Thus, it includes results from several algorithms | no single algorithm performed best on all the images. Results of previous methods should be compared to average error measurements. AVerr-DM gives the mean absolute errors of our method when the recovered and true surfaces are aligned in the same range of depth, BFerr-DM gives the mean absolute errors of our method when the recovered and true surfaces aligned in a \closest t" manner. The bottom line reports the percentage reduction of the error between the AVerr line and the best from previous methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standard-deviation-of-the-error-for-synthetic-images-3p13wolt.png Table 2: Standard Deviation of the error for synthetic images. \Best [43]" provides for each image, the best standard deviation of the results obtained by the algorithms surveyed in [43]. Thus, it includes results from several algorithms | no single algorithm performed best on all the images. Results of previous methods should be compared to average error measurements. AVerr-DM gives the standard deviation of our method when the recovered and true surfaces are aligned in the same range of depth, BFerr-DM gives the standard deviation of our method when the recovered and true surfaces aligned in a \closest t" manner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-steps-of-the-model-parameter-estimation-algorithm-2ngqbc7a.png Figure 2: Steps of the model parameter estimation algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/income-tax-competition-at-the-state-and-local-level-in-40ohvwjidy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-migration-tax-burden-and-social-assistance-of-swiss-ecvi9il0.png Table 1: Migration, tax burden and social assistance of Swiss cantons in 1990 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-correlation-of-local-explanatory-variables-1xs48bhn.png Table A.4: Correlation of Local Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-descriptive-statistics-of-local-explanatory-1tk9feez.png Table A.3: Descriptive Statistics of Local Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sur-model-of-the-share-of-self-employed-in-different-hfgbvk3a.png Table 5: SUR-model of the share of self-employed in different income groups in 137 Swiss cities in 1990, state and local tax rate on gross income of married taxpayers with two children https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sur-model-of-the-share-of-dependent-employees-in-2iofs17d.png Table 4: SUR-model of the share of dependent employees in different income groups in 26 Swiss cantons in 1990, state and (weighted) local tax rate on gross income of married taxpayers with two children https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sur-model-of-the-share-of-retired-taxpayers-in-t83rb8su.png Table 6: SUR-model of the share of retired taxpayers in different income groups in 137 Swiss cities in 1990, state and local tax rate on gross income of retirees https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-correlation-of-cantonal-explanatory-variables-3v8b01tq.png Table A.2: Correlation of Cantonal Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-descriptive-statistics-of-cantonal-explanatory-27imyrpk.png Table A.1: Descriptive Statistics of Cantonal Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/papers/increase-in-scout-trips-due-to-forager-removal-in-atta-3ek3px33u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-distribution-of-outbound-worker-flow-in-atta-218c2e7p.png Fig. 3. Frequency distribution of outbound worker flow in Atta sexdens at each treatment (Control = no ants removal; No inbound= all inbound workers removal; No laden=All laden inbound workers removal). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proportion-of-inbound-atta-sexdens-workers-returning-285904g1.png Fig. 2. Proportion of inbound Atta sexdens workers returning to the colony with a plant load according to treatments (Control = no ants removal; No inbound= all inbound workers removal; No laden=All laden inbound workers removal). Boxplots represent median and percentiles. Whiskers represent smallest and largest values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-the-number-of-scout-trips-as-a-3inorhma.png Fig. 1. Distribution of the number of scout trips as a function of the worker removal treatments (Control = no ants removal; No inbound= all inbound workers removal; No laden=All laden inbound workers removal) during Atta sexdens foraging. Boxplots represent median and percentiles. Whiskers represent smallest and largest values. https://scispace.com/papers/incorporating-partial-adherence-into-the-principal-3k2slfd32k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-square-errors-of-six-principal-stratification-1d1cyhds.png Table 2: Mean square errors of six principal stratification (PS) estimation methods from 2000 simulations completed using a generative parameter set and population adapted from Shrier[47], in the case with a sample size of 1000 and in an altered case with a total population of 8000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histogram-of-the-posterior-sample-of-partial-1q8x0xba.png Figure 4: Histogram of the posterior sample of partial treatment effect on P patients, with no monotonicity types satisfied. Posteriors formed using violated assumptions have a grey fill, whereas samples with all assumptions valid have a white fill. A solid vertical line indicates the true value, dashed indicates estimated bounds, dotted indicates limiting bounds. The limiting posterior density curve is plotted over the histogram when Assumption 1 is not made, and omitted when Assumption 1 is made due to the height of the spiked density within the bounds of the dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-boxplots-of-estimates-of-treatment-effect-in-f-1isrbihh.png Figure 10: Boxplots of estimates of treatment effect in F patients over 2000 simulations using a generative parameter set and population adapted from Shrier[47], separated by estimation methods. The true parameter value is shown as a solid horizontal line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-the-posterior-sample-of-the-partial-3m13ynur.png Figure 1: Histogram of the posterior sample of the partial treatment effect on P patients, with monotonicity types 1 and 2 satisfied. Posteriors formed using violated assumptions have a grey fill, whereas samples with all assumptions valid have a white fill. A solid vertical line indicates the true value, dashed indicates estimated bounds, dotted indicates limiting bounds. The limiting posterior density curve is plotted over the histogram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-bar-plot-of-coverage-of-estimated-95-credible-2os6p998.png Figure 11: Bar plot of coverage of estimated 95% credible/confidence intervals of treatment effect in F patients over 2000 simulations using a generative parameter set and population adapted from Shrier[47], separated by estimation method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histogram-of-the-posterior-sample-of-the-full-37t4so70.png Figure 6: Histogram of the posterior sample of the full treatment effects on all patients, with no monotonicity types satisfied. Posteriors formed using violated assumptions have a grey fill, whereas samples with all assumptions valid have a white fill. A solid vertical line indicates the true value. The limiting posterior density curve is plotted over the histogram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-boxplots-of-estimates-of-treatment-effect-in-f-fh1u9rdp.png Figure 12: Boxplots of estimates of treatment effect in F patients over 2000 simulations using a generative parameter set and population adapted from Shrier[47] with total population increased to 8000, separated by estimation method. The true parameter value is shown as a solid horizontal line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-the-posterior-sample-of-the-full-3q24sxq3.png Figure 2: Histogram of the posterior sample of the full treatment effect on F patients, with monotonicity types 1 and 2 satisfied. Posteriors formed using violated assumptions have a grey fill, whereas samples with all assumptions valid have a white fill. A solid vertical line indicates the true value, dashed indicates estimated bounds, dotted indicates limiting bounds. The limiting posterior density curve is plotted over the histogram. https://scispace.com/papers/increased-speed-3d-silicon-sensors-fast-current-amplifiers-4cvj6qwcjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-fourier-transform-of-the-noise-b360tsm6.png Fig. 13. Fourier transform of the noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-leading-edge-of-the-sum-pulse-in-fig-15-58if2yrp.png Fig. 16. Leading edge of the sum pulse in Fig. 15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-diagram-of-part-of-one-section-of-two-of-the-2pmnvc7g.png Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of part of one section of two of the planes in an active-edge 3D trench-electrode detector. Other offsets between the front and back sections besides the 1/2 section one shown may also be used. For example a 3 section system might use offsets of 0, 1/3, 2/3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-pulses-from-an-800-ps-rise-time-pulse-generator-with-rcza9s9x.png Fig. 17. Pulses from an 800 ps rise-time pulse generator with a neighboring channel (top), and the average of 5 such pulses together with the average of all 10 neighbor-channel pulses (bottom). In contrast to the sensor pulse in Fig. 15, the pulse generator shapes shows no bulge on the trailing edge, indicating the tail on the sensor pulses is not electronic in origin, but rather due to hole motion. It can also be seen that the signals in the neighboring channels have shapes consistent with coupling through inter-channel capacitance, and that the noise of the average pulse is reduced. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-expected-time-errors-dt-due-to-noise-as-a-function-of-1cg5dlts.png Fig. 18. Expected time errors, dt, due to noise as a function of pulse height from the combined signal pulse shape added to 201 noise segments with dt determined from the standard deviation of time variation of the 50% point on the leading edge and from the time variation of the best fit time of the combined signal pulse shape to the same shape plus noise . The 50% errors are 20% larger than the fit errors. The mean value of the best fit times is 24% of the fit values. The signal-to-noise ratio is 3 times the value of the pulse height expressed in mV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-schematic-diagram-of-3d-sensor-with-normally-33rkofvm.png Fig. 1. (top) Schematic diagram of 3D sensor with normally-incident track. (bottom) Schematic detail of tracks with an ionization cluster. Electrons drift to the left in the 3D sensor in the left diagram and up in the planar diagram on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-top-3d-hexagon-cell-active-edge-sensor-tiled-with-16-2p2ymexx.png Fig. 8. (top) 3D hexagon-cell active edge sensor tiled with 16 columns, each with 20 hexagons with sides of 50 m connected to the 16 pads at the bottom. (middle) Magnified view of the top corner of the sensor. The dicing etch follows the trench etch route on the left side in the figure, but not on the top. (bottom) Output pad end of 3D active-edge hexagon sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3d-trench-electrode-sensor-25s6slzc.png Fig. 6. 3D trench-electrode sensor. https://scispace.com/papers/increasing-the-luminosity-with-the-beam-beam-interaction-5ahh5ikkcd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cesr-bbi-luminosity-monitor-parameters-2ujdzp02.png Table 1: CESR BBI luminosity monitor parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calculated-and-measured-monitor-signal-as-a-1980yuae.png Figure 3: Calculated and measured monitor signal as a function of shaker frequency. With the calculatedS there is one adjustable constant that gives the overall gain of the system. This constant was chosen to best match the measured results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-ofs-as-a-function-of-vertical-tune-with-3157f6vy.png Figure 2: Variation ofS as a function of vertical tune with the luminosity and horizontal tune held constant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-bbi-luminosity-monitor-45pw5aac.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the BBI luminosity monitor configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/incumbent-and-entrant-incentives-with-network-534yd4euof 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-regression-results-for-resold-business-lines-2fdutc3d.png Table 9. Regression Results for Resold Business Lines (RSLDBPLN) Explanatory Variable Model 5 Model 6 UNE Prices **-0.0010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptions-of-explanatory-variables-for-market-3uoojoiy.png Table 2. Descriptions of Explanatory Variables for Market Share Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-marginal-effects-for-entry-compt-2bdolx7s.png Table 7. Marginal Effects for Entry (COMPT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptions-of-explanatory-variables-in-market-143c2948.png Table 5. Descriptions of Explanatory Variables in Market Share Models and not in Entry Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptions-of-explanatory-variables-for-entry-3798wmnd.png Table 1. Descriptions of Explanatory Variables for Entry Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interconnection-arrangements-onqeunxf.png Figure 1. Interconnection Arrangements https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-results-for-entry-compt-i34mxb0m.png Table 6. Regression Results for Entry (COMPT) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptions-of-explanatory-variables-for-entry-1zgecone.png Table 4. Descriptions of Explanatory Variables for Entry Models https://scispace.com/papers/increasing-trends-in-the-excess-comovement-of-commodity-1j48kq9kfc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamics-of-excess-comovement-of-model-11g7bu28.png Figure 1: Dynamics of excess comovement of model) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dynamics-of-excess-comovement-of-three-state-st-2m2kv4n2.png Figure 3: Dynamics of excess comovement of three-state ST model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-of-excess-comovement-for-the-s-31rzpbjh.png Table 4: Estimation results of excess comovement for the S https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamics-of-excess-comovement-of-str-residuals-2da308j8.png Figure 4: Dynamics of excess comovement of STR residuals) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimation-results-of-excess-comovement-based-on-2e346g7f.png Table 8: Estimation results of excess comovement based on global economic variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dynamics-of-excess-comovement-of-off-st-model-2szuk9gx.png Figure 5: Dynamics of excess comovement of off- ST model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimation-results-of-excess-comovement-for-off-1zgy6v9t.png Table 7: Estimation results of excess comovement for off-index commodities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-results-of-the-benchmark-model-14n52tz8.png Table 1: Estimation results of the benchmark model https://scispace.com/papers/indecomposable-quasi-characteristics-scheme-on-pyramidal-42s756tlu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-flow-region-877iai7s.png FIG. 2. Flow region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-characteristics-of-efficiency-of-oil-recovery-line-1-cvkknou9.png FIG. 7. Characteristics of efficiency of oil recovery. Line 1 - θ(t), line 2 - γ(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-water-saturation-at-t-100-hours-2c8kaszm.png FIG. 3. The water saturation at t = 100 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-water-saturation-at-t-1200-hours-9ic1ggwf.png FIG. 6. The water saturation at t = 1200 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-pyramidal-stencil-3ckf6k8h.png FIG. 1. The pyramidal stencil. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-water-saturation-at-t-400-hours-mhj6d2ky.png FIG. 4. The water saturation at t = 400 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-water-saturation-at-t-800-hours-3bmd6k5q.png FIG. 5. The water saturation at t = 800 hours. https://scispace.com/papers/independently-tuning-elastomer-softness-and-firmness-by-117c9kf0ai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-elastic-landscape-a-representative-stress-3iot8e1y.png Figure 1. The elastic landscape. (A) Representative stress-elongation curves of various elastic materials with similar softness (𝐸0 = 20kPa), but vastly distinct firmness: PAM gel (blue), 6 a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lbl-characterization-a-atomic-force-microscopy-2vevui7z.png Figure 3. LBL Characterization. (A) Atomic force microscopy micrographs of Langmuir-Blodget monolayers of brush blocks show increased interbrush distance with increasing fractions of long side chains (𝑛𝑠𝑐 = 71). (B) Interbrush distance as determined by AFM (Figure S19 and Table S5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mechanical-characterization-a-stress-elongation-1p3d39qb.png Figure 4. Mechanical Characterization. (A) Stress-elongation curves of selected LBL plastomers with similar 𝐸0 = 25kPa and different 𝛽. (B) Stress-elongation curves of LBL plastomers of two groups (dashed vs solid line) respectively with similar 𝛽 = 0.77 and 𝛽 = 0.46 but different 𝐸0. (C) Elastic parameters of reported LBL plastomers extracted from a collection of stress-elongation curves (Figure S20) on an [𝐸0,𝛽] map. Each colored symbol set represents a series according to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-bottlebrush-linear-lbl-plastomer-synthetic-21g4s6qj.png Figure 2. Linear-Bottlebrush-Linear (LBL) plastomer synthetic route. Copolymerization of two PDMS-MA macromonomers with 𝑛𝑠𝑐= 14 and 71, and MMA monomer enables accurately tuning the average 〈𝑛𝑠𝑐〉 of the brush block within LBL macromolecules that subsequently self-assemble into physical networks. https://scispace.com/papers/indexing-large-human-motion-databases-1w01vkkwkp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-pruning-power-of-cd-criterion-and-lb-keogh-1ae7lddq.png Figure 11. The pruning power of CD-criterion and LB_Keogh algorithm on two datasets, over a range of scaling factors and candidate lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-left-an-actor-being-recorded-using-an-ascension-uq4s7gzu.png Figure 1: (Top Left) An actor being recorded using an Ascension magnetic system while playing table tennis. In post-processing, the data recorded from the actor's motion is manually segmented into motion time series (Bottom) and placed in a library that is later used to animate the simulated player shown (Top Right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-we-can-readily-visualize-u-and-l-as-the-piecewise-2wlged0t.png Figure 8. We can readily visualize Û and L̂ as the piecewise constant functions which bound, without intersecting, U and L, respectively. (Left) The Û and L̂ for the time series shown in Figure 5. (Right) The Û and L̂ shown overlaid on top of the generating time series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-a-time-series-c-of-length-100-bottom-left-the-3m3l5ctc.png Figure 6. (Top) A time series C of length 100. (Bottom Left) The time series shrouded by upper and lower envelopes U and L with lengths 80. (Bottom Right) The same time series shrouded by upper and lower envelopes U and L with lengths 60. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-a-time-series-c-and-a-shorter-query-q-right-a-fuotafxp.png Figure 7. (Left) A time series C and a shorter query Q. (Right) A visualization of the lower-bounding function LB_Keogh(Q,C). Note that any part of query time series Q that falls inside the bounding envelope is ignored. Otherwise the distance corresponds to the sum of the squared straight line distances from the query to the nearest point in the envelope (the gray hatch lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-average-time-to-answer-a-query-for-algorithms-2cv6e3dy.png Figure 16. Average time to answer a query for algorithms LinearScanLB, FastScan, RtreeBF, and RtreeProbe, when varying the dimensionality of the approximated representations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-average-time-to-answer-a-query-for-algorithms-eccyzu3w.png Figure 15. Average time to answer a query for algorithms LinearScanLB, FastScan, RtreeBF, and RtreeProbe, when varying the length of the candidate time series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-we-can-create-a-smooth-transition-between-two-video-12taqxj6.png Figure 2: We can create a smooth transition between two video clips (Top and Center), by ensuring the prefix of one approximately matches the suffix of the other (Bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/individual-tax-rates-and-regional-tax-revenues-a-cross-state-55886336ya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-short-run-elasticities-with-respect-to-property-tax-2ylxz1vf.png Table 3a - Short-run Elasticities with respect to Property Tax Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-long-run-elasticities-with-respect-to-property-tax-3h131ul3.png Table 3a - Short-run Elasticities with respect to Property Tax Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-short-run-elasticities-with-respect-to-wage-income-366gtl3c.png Table 1a - Short-run Elasticities with respect to Wage-Income Tax Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-long-run-effects-of-state-level-taxes-on-state-2npfnczi.png Figure 3 - Long-run Effects of State-Level Taxes on State-Level Tax Revenue https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-long-run-elasticities-with-respect-to-wage-income-2cmzsupm.png Table 1a - Short-run Elasticities with respect to Wage-Income Tax Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-short-run-elasticities-with-respect-to-dividend-28e9ntcp.png Table 4a - Short-run Elasticities with respect to Dividend-Income Tax Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-short-run-elasticities-with-respect-to-sales-tax-bt8hen21.png Table 2a - Short-run Elasticities with respect to Sales Tax Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-short-run-effects-of-state-level-taxes-on-2mx7msdz.png Figure 2 - Short-run Effects of State-Level Taxes on Individual Welfare https://scispace.com/papers/indoor-localization-using-polar-intervals-in-wireless-sensor-2w2hfkbbj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shows-in-thick-black-line-the-first-solution-box-3sek0w3x.png Fig. 4 shows in thick black line the first solution box contract it at maximal leading to the final solution box. https://scispace.com/papers/indoor-navigation-of-a-wheeled-mobile-robot-along-visual-3ammxrola3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-visual-route-ks-1-ps-3-2-ps1-3-ps1-2-ps-1-1ps-3-and-3kodn1of.png Fig. 2. A visual route: Ξ =1 Ψ ′ 3 ⊕2 Ψ1 ⊕3 Ψ1 ⊕2 Ψ ′ 1. 1Ψ ′ 3 and 2Ψ ′ 1 are subsets of respectively 1Ψ3 and 2Ψ1. 1Ψ3 is splitted at the closest key image to the initial Ic, while the last key image of 2Ψ′1 is a desired image to reach by navigating onto the visual memory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-following-a-visual-route-the-previously-learnt-visual-1hxi1aw9.png Fig. 5. Following a visual route: the previously learnt visual path, about 10m long, is materialized on the ground. The pictures were taken during an autonomous run https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-the-image-space-when-the-robot-is-o7cc0ip3.png Fig. 6. Evolution of the image space when the robot is regulated between two consecutive key image: in each image, the yellow square is the current state of the tracker, the red one is the state to reach. At image (7), a new reference state is given for the tracker. The image (6) is thus considered close to the previous reference key image: the control has succeeded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-building-a-visual-memory-into-the-rooms-a-and-b-and-2kavs6ec.png Fig. 1. Building a visual memory: Into the rooms (a) and (b) and the corridor (c), the paths rΨp have been learnt by teleoperating the robot. As a result, the graph (d) represents the topological organization of the visual memory. The blue circles show the vertices https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-control-strategy-2qucpws5.png Fig. 4. Control strategy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frames-and-images-ii-and-ii-1-are-two-consecutive-key-2oo7c3ki.png Fig. 3. Frames and images: Ii and Ii+1 are two consecutive key images, acquired along a teleoperated path γ https://scispace.com/papers/induction-of-defense-responses-in-tobacco-by-the-protein-4sq83hycnm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-exchange-of-protons-a-and-potassium-ions-b-was-3fvm71z2.png Fig. 8. The exchange of protons (A) and potassium ions (B) was monitored in tobacco suspension cells treated with various concentrations of Nep1. pH and potassium concentrations were continuously measured with specific electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-loss-of-tobacco-cell-viability-a-and-oxygen-uptake-b-15qk7cot.png Fig. 7. Loss of tobacco cell viability (A) and oxygen uptake (B) after treatment of cell-suspension cultures with Nep1. Cultures were treated with 0, 0.5, 5, 50, or 100 ng/ml Nep1. Cell death was estimated by an Evans Blue retention assay. Oxygen uptake was continuously monitored by an oxygen electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-active-oxygen-generation-by-tobacco-suspension-cells-16p8gjmh.png Fig. 9. Active oxygen generation by tobacco suspension cells treated with various concentrations of Nep1. Hydrogen peroxide was detected by a luminol-dependent chemiluminescent technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-necrosis-induced-by-infiltration-of-a-tobacco-leaf-3cdwq827.png Fig. 1. Necrosis induced by infiltration of a tobacco leaf with the protein from F. oxysporum. Each number corresponds to nanograms of purified protein that were infiltrated into the leaf in a total volume of 50 l. The photograph was taken 2 days after treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-necrosis-induced-by-spraying-tobacco-plants-with-the-2h8p5gl0.png Fig. 6. Necrosis induced by spraying tobacco plants with the Nep1 from F. oxysporum at. The plant on the left was treated with 0.2% Silwet L-77 and the plant on the right with Nep1 (208 nM Nep1 in 0.2% Silwet L-77) at a rate of 129 ml/m2. The photograph was taken 5 days after treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expression-of-acc-synthase-and-acc-oxidase-transcripts-28m8cu5k.png Fig. 4. Expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts in control (− ) and Nep1-treated (+ ) tobacco leaves. Leaves were treated with buffer alone or 1 g/g Nep1 and harvested after 3 h. Hybridization to b-Actin is shown as a control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-ethylene-pretreatment-on-nep1-induced-39tcfz08.png Fig. 5. Effect of ethylene pretreatment on Nep1-induced ethylene production. Tobacco plants were pretreated for 16 h in air or 100 l/l ethylene prior to treatment with 1 g/g of Nep1. Total ethylene production was measured 24 h after treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rates-of-ethylene-production-by-tobacco-leaves-after-1349j74z.png Fig. 3. Rates of ethylene production by tobacco leaves after treatment with several concentrations of Nep1. Nep1 was applied to cut petioles based on the fresh weight of each leaf. Ethylene production is expressed as nmol per h per g fresh leaf weight. https://scispace.com/papers/inducing-compliance-with-postmarket-studies-for-drugs-under-3harzydzju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-among-different-levels-of-enforceability-2g0rujl6.png Table 2: Comparison among different levels of enforceability and success probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-compliance-region-s-1-a-0-85-pa-19-8-pr-37-n-405-t-3jox8kkf.png Figure 2: Compliance region (s = 1, α = 0.85, πA = 19.8, πR = 37, n = 405, T = 7, k = 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-the-optimal-menu-based-mechanism-3eo7ohhr.png Table 3: Comparison between the optimal menu-based mechanism and the optimal single deadline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequence-of-events-btmxonwi.png Figure 1: Sequence of events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-effort-and-corresponding-user-fee-s-1-a-0-35ua3587.png Figure 4: Optimal effort and corresponding user fee (s = 1, α = 0.85, πA = 19.8, πR = 37, n = 405, T = 7, k = 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-welfare-loss-from-asymmetric-information-and-33l57mu4.png Figure 6: Welfare loss from asymmetric information and welfare gain from verifying effort (w = 130, α = 0.85) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-in-the-numerical-analysis-hwvkrdmu.png Table 1: Model parameters in the numerical analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-deadline-and-corresponding-user-fee-s-1-a-0-1vuj7t3u.png Figure 3: Optimal deadline and corresponding user fee (s = 1, α = 0.85, πA = 19.8, πR = 37, n = 405, T = 7, k = 2) https://scispace.com/papers/inertial-migration-of-rigid-spherical-particles-in-4q1vi7rqc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-histogram-of-radial-positions-for-d-d-17-and-re-2ow8xoy5.png Figure 17. Histogram of radial positions for D/d =17 and Re=1000, and scaled radial force profile for this Reynolds number F =FlR 1/2 c −3/(ηUma). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-transformation-of-the-observed-refracted-364u5to1.png Figure 3. (a) Transformation of the observed refracted calibration grid to (b) its actual symmetric form. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-measurement-of-the-particle-positions-3hlepucb.png Figure 2. Experimental measurement of the particle positions: the camera captures images of those particles intersecting the laser sheet. The air–glass refraction at the cylindrical outer wall of the glass tube is transformed into a plane wall refraction (see figure 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-particle-distribution-over-a-cross-section-and-b-1qwybf4o.png Figure 8. (a) Particle distribution over a cross-section and (b) the corresponding histogram showing the probability p(r) as a function of the dimensionless radius for Re=780 and D/d =42. In (a), both axes are labelled with lengths scaled by the tube radius, and the bar at the lower right-hand side shows the mean particle diameter on the same scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probabilities-of-finding-a-particle-on-the-inner-27ku753e.png Figure 7. Probabilities of finding a particle on the inner, Pin (open symbols), or outer, Pout (solid symbols), annulus as a function of Reynolds number for different particle sizes: ,D/d = 17; , 15; , 10.5; , 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-basic-parameters-used-in-the-description-of-2xmttqye.png Figure 13. Basic parameters used in the description of channel flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-particle-distribution-over-a-cross-section-and-b-23g0zrs4.png Figure 4. (a) Particle distribution over a cross-section and (b) the corresponding histogram showing the probability p(r) as a function of the dimensionless radius, for Re=67 and D/d =9. In (a), both axes are labelled with lengths scaled by the tube radius, and the bar at the lower right-hand side shows the mean particle diameter on the same scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-predicted-particle-distributions-over-a-cross-2u8x97h3.png Figure 18. Predicted particle distributions over a cross-section for D/d = 15: (a) Bσ = ±0.0036 and Re = 170, (b) Bσ = ±0.0016 and Re = 390. https://scispace.com/papers/industrial-relations-system-transformation-4sy5n6ifdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-of-industrial-relations-system-29utyh90.png Table 1: Studies of Industrial Relations System Transformations https://scispace.com/papers/inelastic-light-scattering-by-multiple-vibrational-modes-in-2tw9zikms0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculated-unpolarized-raman-spectra-of-isolated-3hmzubms.png Figure 2: Calculated unpolarized Raman spectra of isolated and dimerized 𝐷 = 96 nm diameter gold nanospheres embedded in a homogeneous matrix of refractive index 𝑁/ = 1.5 (monomer) and 𝑁/ = 1.17 (dimer). The spectra are collected in backscattering geometry, for the 𝜆< = 647 nm Rayleigh excitation wavelength. Each Raman line (𝑙, 𝑛) has been convoluted with a Lorentzian-shape curve (full width at half-maximum equal to 𝛥𝜔 = 1.5 GHz). The normalized driving internal Rayleigh fields 𝐄 (𝐫) inside the gold spheres are shown on the right for each considered situation. (a-b): isolated nanosphere, with 𝐄 (𝐫) computed using Born approximation (𝐄 (𝐫) = 𝐄<𝑒L𝐤𝟎∙𝐫, (a)) and Mie theory with different color scales(b). (c-d) Dimers with d=6 nm (c) and d=0.9 nm (d) interparticle distances. 𝐄 (𝐫) was computed thanks to the generalized Mie theory in both cases. Some field distributions are shown with different scales to emphasize the field inhomogeneity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-resolution-tem-images-and-extinction-spectra-1amvkz6g.png Figure 1: High resolution TEM images and extinction spectra of an isolated NP (a.) and two dimers with different inter-particle distances (b. and c.). No extinction dependence on the polarization of the incident light is observed for the monomer. In the dimer case, blue and red spectra were obtained by polarizing the white light along the direction perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of the dimer, respectively. d,e,f Low-frequency Raman scattering spectra of each considered nanosystem, measured with polarization aligned along the long axis of the dimer in e and f. https://scispace.com/papers/infant-mortality-and-child-nutrition-in-bangladesh-4xwxen4l2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-non-parametric-kernel-density-plot-of-height-for-2e5vvsxn.png Figure 1: Non-parametric kernel density plot of height-for-age for children in the full sample of ‘alive’ group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-non-parametric-kernel-density-plot-of-weight-for-3cq2tb91.png Figure 2: Non-parametric kernel density plot of weight-for-height for children in the full sample of ‘alive’ group https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-17zm75if.png Table 1- Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maximum-likelihood-estimates-weight-for-height-37l4bsce.png Table 3: Maximum Likelihood Estimates: Weight-for-Height https://scispace.com/papers/inferred-bite-marks-on-a-late-cretaceous-santonian-1x6lg3r9sp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transverse-thin-section-through-the-largest-pit-l8zodjx0.png Figure 5. Transverse thin section through the largest pit mark found on the turtle plate1018 fragment MTM PAL 2013.93.1. A, Complete section with indication of the outline-shape of1019 the depression (dashed line) and the direction of the presumed mechanical impact (black1020 arrow) causing it. Labelled squares indicate corresponding magnified areas in B-G showing1021 details of the pathologically eroded surface (pes) and the deeper shell layers. Note, that the1022 only evident pathology compared to the intact section is the lack of the dorsal compact bone1023 which reveals the inner cancellous bone on the dorsal external surface. Further1024 abbreviations: LAG, lines of arrested growth; and as in Figure 4.1025 https://scispace.com/papers/inferring-correspondences-from-multiple-sources-for-4zpgp511sl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tag-correspondence-model-29djuax8.png Fig. 1. Tag Correspondence Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tags-suggested-to-kai-fu-lee-from-different-sources-1oys54ku.png Table 3. Tags suggested to Kai-Fu Lee from different sources https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evaluation-results-of-different-methods-2mcn3dah.png Fig. 2. Evaluation results of different methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportion-of-each-source-and-its-characteristic-3yn5siof.png Table 1. Proportion of each source and its characteristic tags. UM, UD, NT and ND stand for the following four sources, user messages, user descriptions, neighbor tags and neighbor descriptions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristic-correspondences-of-kai-fus-tags-1143r7uj.png Table 2. Characteristic correspondences of Kai-Fu’s tags https://scispace.com/papers/inferred-threat-and-safety-symbolic-generalization-of-human-3s9q4cfprn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-participants-ratings-of-the-likelihood-of-encountering-203j89vl.png Fig. 3. Participants’ ratings of the likelihood of encountering the aversive stimulus when the avoidance response was (lower panel) and was not made (upper panel) during threat and safety training and testing phases. Error bars represent standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-and-standard-deviation-percent-avoidance-3k8pi53x.png Table 1 Mean (and standard deviation) percent avoidance responses and ratings during threat and safety training and testing phases. Also shown is Cohen’s d for threatsafety comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-avoidance-to-learned-threat-and-safety-cues-4vr3q82r.png Fig. 2. Percentage avoidance to learned threat and safety cues during training and learned and indirect/inferred threat and safety cues during testing. Error bars represent standard error. https://scispace.com/papers/inflammatory-markers-in-relation-to-long-term-air-pollution-3yto7xgsou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-the-study-population-2wpyme94.png Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the study population 283 https://scispace.com/papers/inflatable-leading-edge-based-dynamic-stall-control-299w286cnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ile-shapes-and-change-in-the-tension-at-different-3pwhdc5n.png Figure 11: ILE shapes and change in the tension at different angles of attack during a pitching cycle in airfoil frame of reference: (a) upstroke phase and (b) downstroke phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-aerodynamic-coefficients-between-the-1987wm7j.png Figure 12: Comparison of aerodynamic coefficients between the original airfoil and the ILE airfoil in Case 1: (a) lift coefficients, (b) drag coefficients, and (c) pitching moment coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-skin-friction-coefficient-distributions-on-the-22k8m0h8.png Figure 17: Skin friction coefficient distributions on the airfoil upper surface at different angles of attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-contours-of-vorticity-magnitude-of-the-original-3huaq3ar.png Figure 18: Contours of vorticity magnitude of the original airfoil and the ILE airfoil in Case 1 at different angles of attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-37-comparison-of-aerodynamic-coefficients-for-cases-1-116nfsp5.png Figure 37: Comparison of aerodynamic coefficients for Cases 1, 10, and 11: (a) lift coefficients, (b) drag coefficients, and (c) pitching moment coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-34-comparison-of-ile-shapes-at-different-angles-of-2w9veav6.png Figure 34: Comparison of ILE shapes at different angles of attack upstroke in airfoil frame of reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-38-comparison-of-ile-shapes-and-pressure-coefficient-3og72kzs.png Figure 38: Comparison of ILE shapes and pressure coefficient distributions at different angles of attack for Cases 1, 10, and 11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-ile-shapes-at-an-angle-of-attack-of-19-26-deg-1mljbyg1.png Figure 22: ILE shapes at an angle of attack of 19.26 deg downstroke in airfoil frame of reference. https://scispace.com/papers/inflation-and-pseudo-goldstone-higgs-boson-1dhmur3317 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scalar-couplings-ls-lhdm0th-solid-yellow-line-lss-3jz1ut85.png FIG. 1. Scalar couplings λΣ ≡ λHðμ0Þ (solid yellow line), λΣS ≡ λHSðμ0Þ (dashed blue line) as a function of the symmetry breaking scale v. The singlet scalar coupling λS is independent of v. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-one-loop-running-of-leff-compared-to-one-loop-running-1aarxywu.png FIG. 3. One-loop running of λeff compared to one-loop running in the SM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-curvature-power-spectrum-pr-1-4-d2-139-0-063th-x-1qaxo6oh.png FIG. 2. The curvature power spectrum PR ¼ ð2.139 0.063Þ × 10−9 in the ðξS; λSÞ-space for N ¼ 55 (red), N ¼ 60 (blue), and N ¼ 65 (light purple). https://scispace.com/papers/inflation-convergence-within-the-european-union-a-panel-data-2d6qfa7cjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logical-and-systematic-grouping-period-1979-2-1994-4-3bepwpjx.png Table 3 Logical and Systematic Grouping Period 1979:2 - 1994:4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logical-and-systematic-grouping-period-1959-2-1979-1-3gh3qfjg.png Table 2 Logical and Systematic Grouping Period 1959:2 - 1979:1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-groups-of-countries-in-each-panel-data-set-2ov5za85.png Table 1 Groups of Countries in Each Panel Data Set https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-systematic-grouping-period-1979-2-1992-2-2n3hgfz9.png Table 4 Systematic Grouping Period 1979:2 - 1992:2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-systematic-grouping-period-1979-2-1993-2-s1dwr1si.png Table 5 Systematic Grouping Period 1979:2 - 1993:2 https://scispace.com/papers/inflationary-routes-to-gaussian-curved-topography-h0nz2r2u8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-a-pattern-of-channels-schematically-in-flat-space-23v9icsn.png Figure 5: (a) A pattern of channels schematically in flat space (left), that will inflate to a dodecahedron (right). The green lines show the position of the edges. (b) Upon inflation, the structure gradually closes to form the target dodecahedron. Structures are made of TPUimpregnated nylon fabrics (70den, 170g/sqm from Extremtextil). Scale bar: 5 cm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-evolution-of-proto-radii-a-seam-pattern-black-2vnaziov.png Figure 10: Evolution of proto-radii. (a) Seam pattern (black), director (blue) and proto-radii (red) of a log spiral pattern at the critical angle αc and a photograph (b) of the actual object at rest, with proto-radii printed in white. Upon inflation (c), the structure remains planar, air channels evolve (blue-dotted to blue curves) and the proto-radii deform into radii (See Supplementary Video flat_protoradii.MP4). (d) Angle β that the proto-radii initial spirals make with the radial direction, as a function of the director angle α for an experimentally realistic contraction λ= 0.7 (Eqn 4.4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-array-of-alternating-positive-1-and-negative-1-2r3lbbph.png Figure 6: An array of alternating positive (+1) and negative (−1) topological defects made of TPU-impregnated nylon fabric sheets (70 den, 170g/sqm from Extremtextil). (a) Pattern and picture of the flat state. (b) Upon inflation, the structure exhibits mountain peaks and troughs (+1) separated by saddles (−1) (See Supplementary Video eggbox_top_view.MP4). Scale bar: 5cm. (c) Each saddle may be snapped to invert the two upper and lower corners and the structure may fold along the seams connecting peaks and troughs enlarging remarkably the family of stable shapes that may be reached. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-anti-cones-and-cones-arising-from-channel-systems-1faonihc.png Figure 9: Anti-cones and cones arising from channel systems with log spiral directors with (constant) angles α to the radii shown. Note that the channels themselves are at the complement angle of α. The critical angle where the inflated structure remains flat is an αc ≈ 50◦. See the extreme cases of director angle in Fig 2. Structures are made of TPU-impregnated nylon fabrics (40den, 70g/sqm from Extremtextil). Scale bars: 5 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-principle-of-the-deformation-upon-1v2dfe4f.png Figure 1: Schematic principle of the deformation upon inflation: the unit repeat length has a fraction x of weld and 1− x of free sheet. (a) A section (channels into the paper) before inflation; (b) a section after inflation. The direction of contraction, n is equivalent to a nematic director in an LC solid. The contraction of the 1− x fraction is by a factor of 2/π in the ideal case, or by a factor > 2/π if there is length taken up by bend and the welded fraction remains unchanged. In the directionm of the seam lines, no contraction occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-inverse-problems-with-spirals-highlighted-are-the-4rwoe90m.png Figure 11: Inverse problems with spirals (highlighted are the channels, the directors being the duals). (a) Channel pattern for a target dome of constant positive GC, with c1 =−(1− λ)/(1 + λ) =−0.16 (b) Photographs of the corresponding inflated structure compared with the target profile (dashed line). (See Supplementary Video dome_inflation.MP4) (c & d) Equivalent patterns and realisations for negative GC. (e) Channel pattern for a paraboloid. (f) Corresponding inflated structure compared with the target profile (dashed line). (g) Angle of the seam lines as a function of the normalized radial distance r/Rmax for various target shapes: (red = portion of a sphere (a)-(b), blue = catenoid and green = paraboloid (e)-(f)). Structures are made of TPU-impregnated nylon fabrics from Extremtextil. Scale bars: 5 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-reference-disc-a-where-a-point-at-radius-r-maps-1um5xs9j.png Figure 12: A reference disc (a) where a point at radius r maps, on inflation, to a point on a shell (b) given by (γ1, γ2) and geodesic radius u. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-a-regular-proto-vertex-even-n-6-all-internal-2gqz4idk.png Figure 7: (a) A regular proto-vertex (even, n= 6, all internal sector angles χ identical) with a regular director field (all αs equal), and (a’) a star-shaped field where there are two αs. The angles αi are those made by the director with the divider between sectors (i− 1) and i. (b) An irregular proto-vertex (even, n= 6) with internal angles χi satisfying rules given in the text, and with corresponding director angles αi set by the same rules. The vectors ti define the boundaries. The dotted lines are vestiges from the regular case (a) that we have deviated from. (c) A sector triangle from which to calculate χ→ χ′. The opposite side, c, is parallel to n. https://scispace.com/papers/inflationary-slow-roll-formalism-and-perturbations-in-the-4yfijmtyic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fractional-correction-to-the-power-spectrum-2eqakatx.png TABLE I. Fractional correction to the power spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-ancillary-ligands-on-the-photophysical-45cov19ryf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-i-ortep-anisotropic-drawing-of-two-independent-xizgrolt.png Fig. 4 (i) ORTEP anisotropic drawing of two independent molecules and (ii) packing of molecules of the complex 3b. Ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (1): Pt1–P1 2.2243(7), Pt1–Cl1 2.3973(7), Pt1–N1 2.099(2), Pt1–C1 2.013(3), Pt2–P2 2.2242(7), Pt2–Cl2 2.3937(6), Pt2–N2 2.106(2), Pt2–C2 2.014(3); N1–Pt1–C1 81.02(10), N1–Pt1–Cl1 90.82(7), N1–Pt1–P1 176.19(7), C1–Pt1–P1 95.86(8), C1–Pt1–Cl1 170.87(8), P1–Pt1–Cl1 92.44(2), N2–Pt2–C2 81.23(11), N2–Pt2–Cl2 90.60(7), N2–Pt2–P2 176.74(7), C2–Pt2–Cl2 171.30(8), C2–Pt2–P2 96.06(8), Cl2–Pt2–P2 92.20(2). Intramolecular hydrogen bonds (Å, 1): D–H A, for C7–H7 Cl1, d(D–H) = 0.93, d(H A) = 2.57, d(D A) = 3.24, +(DHA) = 129.0; for C39–H39 Cl2, d(D–H) = 0.92, d(H A) = 2.62, d(D A) = 3.25, +(DHA) = 125.8. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-brisk-walking-on-appetite-energy-intake-and-4fqtncbmai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2hi4eevo.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-metabolite-and-appetite-values-in-the-1wlgx7wr.png Table 2: Baseline metabolite and appetite values in the control and brisk walking trials. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 14). PFC = Prospective food consumption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-energy-derived-from-the-macronutrients-during-the-ad-2ge8mj1u.png Table 4: Energy derived from the macronutrients during the ad libitum buffet meals in the control (upper panel) and brisk walking (lower panel) trials. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 14). Values presented are grams and (%). https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-bottom-topography-on-an-upwelling-current-53eif2dzlj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-maps-of-pva-in-the-upper-left-hand-panel-and-3jdakrml.png Figure 10: Maps of PVA in the upper (left hand panel) and bottom (right hand panel) layers at t = 42 days for the H1 = 25, 50, 100, 200m experiments. 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-offshore-extent-of-the-filament-after-50-days-of-35228x82.png Figure 18: Offshore extent of the filament after 50 days of experiment for the Ly = 50, 100, 150 and 200km cases cases. The x axis is Ly (kms) and the y axis is offshore distance (kms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-pva-in-the-upper-layer-for-the-1pz9beta.png Figure 4: Evolution of the PVA in the upper layer for the reference experiment at t = 4, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 40, 50 days. The thick red line represents the PVA = + f contour and is a good marker of the upwelling front. The axis are labelled in km. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-offshore-extent-of-the-filament-after-50-days-of-2fmtz1n2.png Figure 13: Offshore extent of the filament after 50 days of experiment for the Ht = 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500m cases. The x axis is Ht (kms) and the y axis is offshore distance (kms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-maps-of-pva-in-the-upper-left-hand-panel-and-46qnaxzy.png Figure 14: Maps of PVA in the upper (left hand panel) and bottom (right hand panel) layers at t = 42 days for the Lx = 0, 20, 50 and 100km experiments. 25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-maps-of-pva-in-the-upper-left-hand-panel-and-325h8bx8.png Figure 17: Maps of PVA in the upper (left hand panel) and bottom (right hand panel) layers at t = 42 days for the Ly = 50, 100, 150 and 200km experiments. 28 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-maps-of-pva-in-the-upper-layer-at-t-42-days-for-duojtre8.png Figure 11: Maps of PVA in the upper layer at t = 42 days for the 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of wind forcing cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-the-model-parameters-kept-fixed-in-all-avb4cssv.png Table 1: Table of the model parameters kept fixed in all experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-built-environment-on-pedestrian-s-crossing-4y8yzd4qf7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-pleasantness-scores-and-feeling-of-safety-2af1cyld.png Table 1. Mean pleasantness scores and feeling-of-safety scores (with 95% CI) (n = 77) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rate-of-crossing-decision-answer-yes-in-the-total-wdebxlyj.png Table 4. Rate of crossing decision (answer = YES) in the total sample and in the sample randomly selected for the qualitative analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-set-of-photographs-environment-25jb23sn.png Figure 1. Example of a set of photographs. Environment characterized as public housing environment in the outskirts https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-the-fixed-effect-parameters-for-the-3q2tdgtl.png Table 2. Estimates of the fixed-effect parameters for the random intercept logistic regression model including the variables SITE and GROUP https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probabilities-of-a-decision-to-cross-the-roadway-as-kkjl10mf.png Table 3. Probabilities of a decision to cross the roadway, as estimated by the random intercept logistic regression model including the variable SITE https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-bulk-doping-type-on-the-li-adsorption-site-on-2hu1euv5cl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detailed-view-of-the-narrow-peak-structure-at-the-fe-3szpiejl.png FIG. 2. Detailed view of the narrow peak structure at the Fe level of then-doped samples in the coverage range from 0.04 ML 0.34 ML. The peak width and the peak position are hardly infl enced by the Li coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-density-of-states-ob-tained-from-a-dft-calculation-top-1l6536qz.png FIG. 4. Density of states ob tained from a DFT calculation. Top left: Li/Si(111)-(131):H in a relaxed 3 3 geometry. Top right: 535 geometry. Bottom left: Li in a 333 substitutional site. Bottom right: total density of states for the bare substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-valence-band-spectra-for-li-on-n-doped-si-111-131-h-l64o5t5z.png FIG. 1. ~a! Valence band spectra for Li on n-doped Si(111)-(131):H. Li coverage as inferred from the work function change is indicate on the individual traces. The inset shows the L induced narrow structure right at the Fermi leve ~b! Similar Li coverages as in~a!, but now with p-doped substrates. The previously pronounc structure is now barely visible~if present at all!. The conduction band minimum is enlarged in th inset and shows a possible, very small structu about 0.6 eV above the Fermi level. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-demolition-waste-fine-particles-on-the-19bufdx4pj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flexural-strength-the-standard-deviation-is-presented-i97r0krs.png Fig. 6. Flexural strength (the standard deviation is presented at the top of each column) of the mortars studied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electrical-resistivity-test-r3sgwwji.png Fig. 4. Electrical Resistivity test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-drying-shrinkage-of-mortars-produced-with-lime-filler-1vx6devu.png Fig. 11. Drying shrinkage of mortars produced with lime filler. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-drying-shrinkage-of-mortars-produced-with-lime-1yafrpo0.png Fig. 10. Drying shrinkage of mortars produced with lime hydrate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-now-is-named-table-2-1cgufx0i.png Table 5 now is named Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-source-of-cdw-1-and-2-figures-a-and-b-respectively-and-r7f49q9p.png Fig. 1. Source of CDW 1 and 2 (figures A and B, respectively), and recycled mortars placed over concrete blocks (figure C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-capillary-absorption-as-a-function-of-time-of-lime-17rxnfgr.png Fig. 9. Capillary absorption as a function of time of lime filler mortars at 28 days of curing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-particle-size-distribution-of-the-fillers-used-10sgayrw.png Fig. 2. Particle size distribution of the fillers used. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-electrode-preparation-on-the-electrochemical-2o8m714skg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-textural-characteristics-of-the-activated-carbon-and-rmqos3f1.png Table 1. Textural characteristics of the activated carbon and the different electrodes. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-end-expiratory-level-and-tidal-volume-on-9gs2t4uflm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-target-vt-calculated-from-spontaneous-vt-at-normal-yyt9r88i.png Table 1 Target VT calculated from spontaneous VT at normal FRC and VT achieved by visual feedback measured by ultrasonic flow meter https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-an-eit-image-at-frc-0-5-and-normal-vt-21t9g8tq.png Fig. 1 Example of an EIT image at FRC ? 0.5 and normal VT showing RL1–8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-target-eel-and-achieved-eel-measured-by-eit-eeleit-1xie495k.png Table 2 Target EEL and achieved EEL measured by EIT (EELEIT) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-upper-panel-and-temporal-lower-panel-32kdl3ym.png Fig. 3 Spatial (upper panel) and temporal (lower panel) ventilation distribution in relation to VT breathing at normal EEL. VENT proportion of ventilation distributed to the respective slice, FI filling index for respective slice in relation to the total lung. For clarity of the figure, no significance levels are indicated https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-upper-panel-and-temporal-lower-panel-e7hiqed4.png Fig. 2 Spatial (upper panel) and temporal (lower panel) ventilation distribution in relation to EEL breathing at normal VT. VENT proportion of ventilation distributed to the respective slice, FI filling index for the respective slice in relation to the total lung. For clarity of the figure, no significance levels are indicated https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-forest-management-and-previous-herbivory-on-2arjpqy5xm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-precipitation-data-mm-from-weather-station-located-3brz6xnr.png Figure 1. Precipitation data (mm) from weather station located at Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center’s Hall Ranch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-layout-of-timber-harvest-control-and-thinned-and-22qe8zk9.png Figure 3. Layout of timber harvest (control and thinned) and herbivory (Graze—cattle and big game grazing; CExc—cattle exclosure, big game grazing only; TExc—total exclosure, exclusion of cattle and big game grazing) treatments for each ponderosa pine site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-layout-of-the-timber-harvest-control-thinned-and-3jraaksq.png Figure 2. Layout of the timber harvest (control, thinned, and clearcut) and herbivory (Graze—cattle and big game grazing; CExc—cattle exclosure, big game grazing only; TExc—total exclosure, exclusion of cattle and big game grazing) treatments for each grand fir site. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-effects-of-herbivory-on-the-botanical-3airgc56.png Table 6. The effects of herbivory on the botanical composition (%) and relative preference index (RPI)1 of steer diets within a ponderosa pine forest type.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effects-of-season-of-use-on-the-diet-quality-of-q9pymxo2.png Table 5. The effects of season of use on the diet quality of steers grazing a ponderosa pine forested habitat.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-season-of-use-and-timber-harvest-on-15akh6fj.png Table 1. The effect of season of use and timber harvest on the subsequent quality of steer diets in a grand fir forested habitat.1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effects-of-timber-harvest-and-herbivory-2s0gipl1.png Table 2. The effects of timber harvest and herbivory treatments on the botanical composition (%) of steer diets in a grand fir forested habitat.1,2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effects-of-timber-harvest-and-herbivory-2e2rlnpj.png Table 3. The effects of timber harvest and herbivory treatments on the relative preference index (RPI)1 of graminoids, forbs, and shrubs for steer diets in a grand fir forested habitat.2,3 https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-inoculation-with-glomus-mosseae-or-acaulospora-xtq1n7xzhw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dry-weights-of-zea-mays-shoots-and-of-roots-grown-in-175n11d9.png Fig. 2 Dry weights of Zea mays shoots and of roots (grown in soil and Perlite) inoculated with Glomus mosseae or Acaulospora morrowiae or uninoculated. Error bars: ±SE. Lower case a and b indicate significant differences among control and the two mycorrhiza inoculation treatments at the same As addition levels. Upper case A and B indicate significant differences among the three means at different As addition levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-arsenic-concentrations-of-zea-mays-shoots-and-roots-35lldtsc.png Fig. 4 Arsenic concentrations of Zea mays shoots and roots (grown in soil and Perlite) inoculated with Glomus mosseae or Acaulospora morrowiae or uninoculated. Error bars: ±SE. Lower case a and b indicate significant differences among control and the two mycorrhiza inoculation treatments at the same As addition levels. Upper case A, B and C indicate significant differences among the three means at different As addition levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-p-concentrations-of-zea-mays-shoots-and-roots-grown-in-3oe4aw21.png Fig. 3 P concentrations of Zea mays shoots and roots (grown in soil and Perlite) inoculated with Glomus mosseae or Acaulospora morrowiae or uninoculated. Error bars: ±SE. Lower case a and b indicate significant differences among control and the two mycorrhiza inoculation treatments at the same As addition levels. Upper case A and B indicate significant differences among the three means at different As addition levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-soluble-as-concentrations-in-the-matrix-solution-in-1ptrftt6.png Fig. 5 Soluble As concentrations in the matrix solution in different compartments of the rhizoboxes. Error bars: ±SE. Lower case a, b and c indicate significant differences among control and the two mycorrhiza inoculation treatments at the same As addition levels. Upper case A, B and C indicate significant differences among the three means at different As addition levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-arsenic-concentrations-in-hyphae-collected-from-the-mnugqzs8.png Fig. 6 Arsenic concentrations in hyphae collected from the glass bead compartment. Error bars: ±SE. Lower case a and b indicate significant differences between plants inoculated with the two mycorrhizal fungi. Upper case A, B and C indicate significant differences among the three means at different As addition levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagrammatic-illustration-of-the-split-root-3aqzut0n.png Fig. 1 Diagrammatic illustration of the split-root cultivation system. Compartments A and B were separated by a polyvinylchloride (PVC) plate and compartments B and C by a nylon screen (30 μm mesh). Roots of maize were split into compartments A and B. Arsenic was added to compartment A and mycorrhizal inoculum was added to compartment B. Compartment C was for hyphal growth. The substrate in compartment A was a mixture of soil and sand, and in compartments B and C were Perlite and glass beads, respectively. Hyphae are depicted as broken lines and maize roots as solid lines https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-arsenic-percentages-in-zea-mays-shoots-and-roots-1pu7w1u4.png Table 2 Arsenic percentages in Zea mays shoots and roots (grown in soil and Perlite) inoculated withGlomus mosseae or Acaulospora morrowiae or uninoculated https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-liquid-media-on-lifetime-predictions-of-nitrile-2o0f883xn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-time-for-onset-of-thermal-oxidation-dominance-of-5qhsg1ic.png Table I. Time for Onset of Thermal Oxidation Dominance of Aging Response (T5 130 C) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-in-the-crosslink-density-top-and-elongation-2g08qarc.png Figure 3. Change in the crosslink density (top) and elongation to failure (bottom) in JP-5 fuel at various temperatures. The slope of the fitted lines defines the aging rate. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-aging-of-nbr-in-two-liquids-at-the-1c3n2vva.png Figure 2. Comparison of aging of NBR in two liquids at the indicated temperature, as reflected in changes in the number density of network chains (top) and the failure strain (bottom). The fitted line defines the aging rate following an induction period that depends on both the liquid and temperature. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mass-change-of-nbr-sample-immersed-in-jp-5-jet-fuel-3koc3oig.png Figure 1. Mass change of NBR sample immersed in JP-5 jet fuel at the indicated temperatures and purged with nitrogen or air. The small increase in the presence of nitrogen is ascribed to residual oxygen. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-failure-strain-versus-modulus-for-elastomers-3afeekc0.png Figure 4. Failure strain versus modulus for elastomers subjected to oxidative crosslinking.12,18,19 At high degrees of degradation the elongation levels off, while the modulus continues to increase. The error in the data points does not exceed the symbol size. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-arrhenius-plot-of-the-rate-constant-describing-the-37fhn6qs.png Figure 5. Arrhenius plot of the rate constant describing the change of crosslinking in NRB O-rings exposed to the indicated solvents. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-linear-energy-transfer-on-the-radioresistance-1cqhyh2yqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-survival-curve-for-haploid-yeast-cells-sc-7-3c5looel.png Fig. 1. X-ray survival curve for haploid yeast cells {Sc-7). https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-intrinsic-factors-on-conventional-wine-protein-3e1d1cnrdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stepwise-multilinear-regression-for-the-mild-heat-test-71apagrc.png Fig. 3. Stepwise multilinear regression for the ``mild'' heat test: (a) Pareto chart (the limit of signi®cance for a 95% con®dence level is indicated as a vertical line: e ects of coe cients that do not reach this line are negligible); (b) Diagnosis plot of the multilinear model (the small graph indicates the distribution of the model residuals). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stepwise-multilinear-regression-for-the-fast-heat-test-3kmmg0jm.png Fig. 2. Stepwise multilinear regression for the ``fast'' heat test: (a) Pareto chart (the limit of signi®cance for a 95% con®dence level is indicated as a vertical line: e ects of coe cients that do not reach this line are negligible); (b) Diagnosis plot of the multilinear model (the small graph indicates the distribution of the model residuals). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-the-tannin-test-for-all-samples-17jdmmig.png Fig. 4. Results of the tannin test for all samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-stepwise-multilinear-regression-for-the-tannin-test-3j8a5ko4.png Fig. 5. Stepwise multilinear regression for the tannin test, for samples with less than 70 mg/l initial protein content: (a) Pareto chart (the limit of signi®cance for a 95% con®dence level is indicated as a vertical line: e ects of coe cients that do not reach this line are negligible); (b) Diagnosis plot of the multilinear model (the small graph indicates the distribution of the model residuals). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-origin-cultivars-total-protein-ph-and-cation-content-13yhp933.png Table 1 Origin, cultivars, total protein, pH and cation content of the wines studied (average of two replicates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-turbidity-developed-in-wine-samples-due-to-natural-212kgllc.png Table 3 Turbidity developed in wine samples due to natural precipitation over a one year storage period (average of three replicates) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-chromatograms-of-a-aumc-b-vucd-wine-samples-a-1g4yfyfr.png Fig. 6. Typical chromatograms of: (a) AUMc; (b) VUCd wine samples. A chromatogram of an original sample is shown on top and one of a sample after the storage period is shown below in an inverse scale. New peaks showing after the storage period are indicated with arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normal-plots-of-the-e-ects-of-the-factorial-design-a-3s1nsxtr.png Fig. 7. Normal plots of the e ects of the factorial design: (a) AUMc samples; (b) VUGv samples; (c) VUMv samples. Points falling outside the straight line are statistically signi®cant. Interactive e ects between factors i and j are indicated as i=j. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-mediated-processes-on-the-removal-of-rhodamine-2ie9xgxcwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-465-466-dt2rj2zx.png Figure 1 465 466 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-526-34a9wslq.png Figure 5 526 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-490-491-3icq7fgo.png Figure 2 490 491 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6528-3s1rgeyl.png Figure 6528 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-507-508-9tkmur0g.png Figure 3 507 508 https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-microstructure-and-heat-treatment-on-thermal-2qo1pem7ce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-positions-of-the-wds-points-for-cu-and-si-7nkenukd.png Figure 3- Positions of the WDS points for Cu and Si measurements for the as-cast condition. a) liquid die cast and b) rheocast materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-quantification-of-the-microstructure-in-the-as-fuzd83hm.png Table 2-Quantification of the microstructure in the as-rheocast and as-cast material in different positions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-precipitation-sequence-for-the-liquid-die-cast-3azrb37d.png Figure 14- The precipitation sequence for the liquid die cast and rheocast material in the as-cast condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hardness-for-t5-treatments-for-a-rheocast-and-b-die-2o1b131r.png Figure 4- Hardness for T5 treatments for a) rheocast and b) die cast material. Conditions marked with grey circles are those used for thermal conductivity measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optical-micrographs-of-rheocast-component-after-3mouzdwg.png Figure 8- Optical micrographs of rheocast component after solution treatment at 495 °C for 9 hours https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-concentrations-of-a-cu-and-b-si-in-solid-solution-2887iapn.png Figure 9- Concentrations of a) Cu and b) Si in solid solution for the as-cast condition in α1-Al particles for the rheocast materials and in α-Al dendrites for the liquid die cast material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-thermal-diffusivity-of-t5-t6-treated-a-rheocast-1k64ppnj.png Figure 12-Thermal diffusivity of T5 & T6 treated (a) rheocast and (b) liquid die cast material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-thermal-conductivity-of-t5-t6-treated-a-rheocast-2lwc1p4o.png Figure 13-Thermal conductivity of T5 & T6 treated (a) rheocast and (b) die cast materials. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-ns-nd-yag-laser-surface-treatment-on-the-ndx98iny2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-micrographs-showing-the-cross-sectional-view-of-y98udwjb.png Figure 4 - SEM micrographs showing the cross-sectional view of cemented specimens. Major pictures are displayed at a magnification of x50 and insets at x400 are shows for detailed examination. a) Grit blasted group (GB); b) Laser textured surface – 8 lines – group (G8L); c) Laser textured surface – 16 lines – group (G16L); d) Laser textured surface – 8 lines – and grit blasted group (G8L/GB). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-laser-surface-structuring-parameters-used-in-the-3oca48ue.png Table 1 – Laser surface structuring parameters used in the different groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-micrographs-of-the-typical-fracture-surfaces-of-xgm980n9.png Figure 6 – SEM micrographs of the typical fracture surfaces of the different groups (the two faying surfaces are shown for each specimen). Higher magnification insets are also shown. a1,a2) Grit-blasted group (GB); b1,b2) Laser-textured surface – 8 lines – group (G8L); c1, c2) Laser-textured surface – 16 lines – group (G16L); d1,d2) Laser-textured surface – 8 lines – and grit-blasted group (G8L/GB). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-surface-topographical-details-of-the-different-1s6vhp77.png Figure 3 – Surface topographical details of the different surfaces used in this study. On the left side, the representative 3D surface profilometer images. On the right side: texture, waviness, and roughness in selected planes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-the-adhesive-and-resin-2ijfkkgx.png Table 2. Chemical composition of the adhesive and resin-matrix cement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graphs-plotting-the-relationship-between-the-amount-3aumc2gf.png Figure 7 – Graphs plotting the relationship between the amount (%) of remnant resin-matrix cement left over the fracture surface after tensile bond strength tests and the corresponding tensile bond strength values measured for each specimen. A correlation between the adhesion strength and the cement remnant could be noticed for laser-textured specimens: b) G8L, c) G16L and d) G8L/GB. The two fracture surfaces of a representative specimen of each group, for the conditions of low and high bond strength, are embedded in the respective graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sem-images-of-the-zirconia-surfaces-after-the-1kpans7m.png Figure 2 – SEM images of the zirconia surfaces after the different surface treatments: a) GB group with magnification at x120, b) G8L group with magnification at x120. c) G16L group with magnification at x120, d) G8L/GB group with magnification at x200. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-experimental-procedure-used-in-d20m97ym.png Figure 1 – Schematic of the experimental procedure used in this study: discs production, different groups, types of surface modifications, cementation protocol, and testing and characterization methods. The details of the laser texturing strategy are also provided. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-polygenic-risk-scores-on-lipid-levels-and-3wyre7t7sn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-of-wprs-groups-snps-selected-from-both-1u8xjc62.png Table 2. Association of wPRS groups (SNPs selected from both meta-analyses) with lipid traits in GAMM adjusted with age, sex, BMI, medication and smoking status in the combined sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-lipid-variables-during-psychotropic-1116mjc2.png Figure 2. Evolution of lipid variables during psychotropic treatment, according to extreme groups of PRS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hdl-dyslipidemia-incidence-and-number-needed-to-2tej1ih7.png Table 3: HDL dyslipidemia incidence and number needed to genotype for the discovery, replication and combined samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-roc-curves-for-abnormal-lipid-levels-in-the-1aeo10sn.png Figure 1: ROC curves for abnormal lipid levels in the combined sample, defined by abnormal levels and/or by the prescription of a lipid-lowering comedication. Solid curves correspond to the model including clinical and genetics components, whereas the dashed curves include only clinical values. Only fasting patients were included for TG analyses. Low HDL-cholesterol level, i.e. HDL hypocholesterolemia was defined as < 1 mmol/l and/or prescription of a lipid-lowering agent, high LDL-cholesterol level, i.e. LDL hypercholesterolemia was defined as ≥ 3 mmol/l and/or prescription of a lipid-lowering agent, high triglyceride level, i.e. hypertriglyceridemia was defined as ≥ 2 mmol/l and/or prescription of a lipid-lowering agent and high total cholesterol level, i.e. hypercholesterolemia was defined as ≥ 5 mmol/l and/or prescription of a lipid-lowering agent [53], according to ESH/ESC guidelines [54]. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-plasma-diffusion-losses-on-dust-charge-2klk4qowuy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-color-online-numerical-results-for-190nm-radius-3tiwmyoo.png FIGURE 2. (Color Online) Numerical results for 190nm radius dust particles with argon pressure P = 1.2 mbar (P = 0.9 Torr) and nd = 5 · 104cm−3.a) Ambipolar diffusion until the end of the decay process. b) Abrupt transition from ambipolar to free diffusion when PH = 0.5. c) Slow transition from ambipolar to free diffusion [4]. d) Fast transition from ambipolar to free diffusion [3] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-online-decay-of-an-argon-plasma-at-p-1-2-mbar-3cdlimfy.png FIGURE 1. (Color Online) Decay of an argon plasma at P = 1.2 mbar with a fast ambipolar-to-free diffusion transition. a) Electron temperature relaxation; b)density evolution; c) evolution of diffusion time. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-pump-power-and-modulation-instability-gain-1wevelbgmz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-single-shot-simulation-a-with-and-b-26q6ewql.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Single-shot simulation (a) with and (b) without the Raman effect. Parameters like in Fig. 2(c): 1055 nm pump with 250 W peak power and a 5% seed at 13 THz. The white lines indicate the MI gain bandwidth. The top rows show the ensemble calculated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), spectral coherence (jg 12 12 j), and averaged output spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-overall-snr-and-coherence-as-a-function-1p9gd0cg.png Fig. 9. (Color online) Overall SNR and coherence as a function of pump-seed frequency offset, shown for seed peak powers of 1% and 5% of the pump peak power [see legend in (a)]. The pump wavelength was 1064 nm and the peak power (a)–(c) 500, 700, and 1500 W. The MI and Raman spectra are shown with the full and circled black lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-results-of-pumping-at-1055-nmwith-a-5-2wewki5m.png Fig. 4. (Color online) Results of pumping at 1055 nmwith a 5% seed. Density plots of the (a) output spectral density, (b) coherence, and (c) SNR as a function of wavelength and pump-seed frequency offset. The figures to the right of the density plots show the (a) MI gain, (b) overall coherence, and (c) overall SNR as a function of pump-seed frequency offset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-single-shot-simulations-of-pumping-at-22y50om1.png Fig. 8. (Color online) Single-shot simulations of pumping at 1064 nm with a 5% seed at a frequency offset of 3 THz for pump peak powers of (a)–(c) 500, 750, and 1500 W, respectively. The top rows show the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spectral coherence (jg 12 12 j). (d) MI and Raman gain spectra. The vertical line marks 3 THz offset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-temporal-evolution-and-spectrogram-at-the-n38mq9zn.png Fig. 7. (Color online) Temporal evolution and spectrogram at the fiber end (10 m) for a 5% seed with a 4 THz offset for pump wavelengths of (a) 1055 nm and (b) 1075 nm, corresponding to Figs. 6(b) and 6(f). The black dashed lines in the spectrograms mark the ZDW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-overall-snr-and-coherence-as-a-function-32s1ldvt.png Fig. 5. (Color online) Overall SNR and coherence as a function of pump-seed frequency offset for seed peak powers ranging from 0.01% to 20% of the pump peak power, PP 250 W [see legend in (f)]. The pump wavelength is (a)–(f) 1054.5, 1055, 1056, 1057.5, 1064, and 1075 nm, respectively, which gradually narrows the MI gain spectrum (full black line). The black circled line shows the Raman spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-dispersion-and-effective-area-for-the-1l1rgu8q.png Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Dispersion and effective area for the used PCF withΛ 3.6 μm and d=Λ 0.52. (b)–(c) MI gain spectra as a function of seed frequency offset relative to the pump for varying pump wavelength (b) and peak power (c). The peak power in (b) is 250 W and the pump wavelength in (c) is 1064 nm. The Raman gain is shown for comparison. (d) Walk-off length (solid lines) and MI gain length (dotted lines) as a function of frequency offset, calculated for T0 3 ps=1.665 and a peak power of 250 W. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-single-shot-simulations-of-a-5-seed-with-24qa66vm.png Fig. 6. (Color online) Single-shot simulations of a 5% seed with a 4 THz offset for the pump wavelengths in Fig. 5. The white lines indicate the MI gain bandwidth and the black dashed line the ZDW. The top rows show the ensemble calculated SNR and spectral coherence (jg 12 12 j). https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-salt-on-the-solution-dynamics-of-a-4lsih6adnv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-diffusion-coefficients-and-b-radii-of-pmpc-chains-38q3otbl.png Figure 3: (a) Diffusion coefficients and (b) radii of PMPC chains as a function of ionic strength (the data are normalized to diffusion coefficient 32.0 たm2 s-1 with corresponding radius 2.7 nm in pure water), where the valency and type of the cation is varied. Data acquired in KCl solutions are included for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-autocorrelation-plots-for-rhodamine-1k6p29ri.png Figure 1. Representative autocorrelation plots for rhodamine 6G-labelled PMPC in a series of KBr solutions of different concentrations. Solid lines show best fits to Equation (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-diffusion-coefficients-and-c-d-radii-of-pmpc-1c7l5fwj.png Figure 2: (a, b) Diffusion coefficients and (c, d) radii of PMPC chains, normalized to those in pure water (diffusion coefficient 32.0 たm2 s-1 with corresponding radius 2.7 nm), as a function of ionic strength, where either the cations (a, c) or the anions (b, d) is varied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-a-schematic-diagram-shows-that-anions-have-2c12w5j1.png Figure 4. (left) A schematic diagram shows that anions have greater effect on PMPC. (right) Chemical structure of PMPC. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-steel-heat-treatment-on-ultrasonic-absorption-l02ejmgo8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-laser-ultrasonic-setup-in-the-radiant-furnace-side-1wro56jw.png Fig. 1. Laser-ultrasonic setup in the radiant furnace (side view). Ultrasound is generated on one side and detected on the other side of the sample held by a thermocouple welded on its rim. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-snoek-peak-observed-at-5-25mhz-for-the-1200-c-cycle-12pu9nd8.png Fig. 5. Snoek peak observed at 5–25MHz for the 1200 ◦C cycle. Insert shows the Arrhenius plot from which an activation energy of 0.86 eV is evaluated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-of-austenite-evaluated-from-dilatometry-for-2p977od1.png Fig. 4. Percentage of austenite evaluated from dilatometry for the phase transformation occurring during the cooling portion of the 950 and 1200 ◦C cycles. The dotted and dashed lines identify the regions where most of the phase transitions occur. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-internal-friction-q-1-measured-at-20mhz-for-medium-1llqi7ic.png Fig. 3. Internal friction (Q−1) measured at 20MHz for medium-carbon steel samples heated to 950 and 1200 ◦C (10 ◦C/s), held at these temperatures for 10min and cooled down to room temperature (1 ◦C/s). Only measurements below 950 ◦C are shown. The dashed lines indicate the phase transition boundaries for the 950 ◦C cycle. The dotted lines indicate the region where most of the phase transition occurs for the 1200 ◦C cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-internal-friction-q-1-measured-at-10mhz-for-a-medium-3kejq4ma.png Fig. 2. Internal friction (Q−1) measured at 10MHz for a medium-carbon steel sample heated to 1200 ◦C (1 ◦C/s), held at that temperature for 10min and cooled down to room temperature (1 ◦C/s). Only measurements below 900 ◦C are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-system-calibration-on-direct-sensor-orientation-1jmjceapg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-reference-bundle-block-adjustment-1bamsjb1.png Table 1. Results of reference bundle block adjustment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flight-axes-of-test-flight-1-5-000-lvlkp9dw.png Figure 3. Flight axes of test flight, 1:5.000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flight-axes-of-calibration-flight-1-5-000-1-10-000-3mlbz6tx.png Figure 2. Flight axes of calibration flight, 1:5.000+1:10.000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-relation-between-imu-and-imaging-sensor-1hejrj6b.png Figure 1. The relation between IMU and imaging sensor https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-combined-intersection-using-different-32arvgyh.png Table 2. Results of combined intersection using different system calibration parameters https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-the-gyroscopic-effects-on-friction-induced-2hqu0q3ttx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-finite-element-model-of-brake-system-3ygrigq7.png Figure 4: Finite element model of brake system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stability-analysis-for-the-first-whirl-a-frequency-ozdavh9i.png Figure 6: Stability analysis for the first whirl ((a): frequency, (b): damping). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sectional-view-of-an-aircraft-brake-system-3-1psaj4qw.png Figure 1: Sectional view of an aircraft brake system [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simple-model-to-study-gyroscopic-effects-on-wheel-28qgxxp3.png Figure 7: Simple model to study gyroscopic effects on wheel and brake system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-modes-of-vibration-on-aircraft-brake-system-a-3itijxox.png Figure 3: Two modes of vibration on aircraft brake system ((a): squeal mode, (b): whirl mode). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-vibrations-during-braking-with-frequency-flk3kxbb.png Figure 2: Example of vibrations during braking with frequency analysis by wavelet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-campbell-diagram-with-frequencies-of-the-first-1axkkhcn.png Figure 8: Campbell diagram with frequencies of the first whirl modes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-improvement-of-the-accuracy-of-frequencies-and-value-3q9y3l9i.png Table 1: Improvement of the accuracy of frequencies and value of damping in the analytical model. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-the-long-range-corrections-on-the-interfacial-4nvjes1tmg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-data-of-coexisting-densities-rl-and-rv-21xdgdgs.png TABLE II. Simulation data of coexisting densities (ρl and ρv , both in kg m−3) for the Lennard-Jones methane model at 120 K and different cutoff radius values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-evolution-with-the-cutoff-radius-value-of-the-17ryhtfj.png FIG. 1. (a) Evolution with the cutoff radius value of the computed coexisting densities (liquid phase above, gas phase below) for LJ methane at 120 K. Circles: calculation without LRCs. Diamonds: calculation with Janec̆ek’s LRCs. In both cases the dashed line represents the NIST recommended experimental value. (b) id for computed interfacial tension, computed using the TA method. In this case triangles represent the values obtained applying the LRCs represented by Eq. (23). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-simulation-data-of-coexisting-densities-rl-and-rv-21ecqnnh.png TABLE IV. Simulation data of coexisting densities (ρl and ρv , both in kg m−3) for the TIP4P/2005 water model at 400 K and different cutoff radius values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-simulation-data-of-surface-tension-g-in-mj-m-2-for-v3s4fdig.png TABLE III. Simulation data of surface tension (γ in mJ m−2) for the Lennard-Jones methane model at 120 K and different cutoff radius values. Subscripts ta and mr stand for test area and mechanical route, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-simulation-data-of-surface-tension-g-in-mj-m-2-for-4p4ekdaq.png TABLE V. Simulation data of surface tension (γ in mJ m−2) for the TIP4P/2005 water model at 400 K and different cutoff radius values. Subscripts ta and mr stand for test area and mechanical route, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-simulation-data-of-coexisting-densities-rl-and-rv-2v85u1on.png TABLE VI. Simulation data of coexisting densities (ρl and ρv , both in kg m−3) and surface tension (γ / mJ m−2), for the different water molecular models tested. The reaction field method was used in the simulations to handle electrostatic interactions, and a constant LJ cutoff radius rc = 3σ was used. These values are compared with experimental values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-caption-as-figure-1-for-tip4p-2005-water-x2e791z7.png FIG. 2. Same caption as Figure 1, for TIP4P/2005 water molecular model, at 400 K. For the points represented, the RF method was used to handle electrostatic interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lennard-jones-potential-well-depth-and-size-s-i21k4sbi.png TABLE I. Lennard-Jones potential well depth $ and size σ , partial charges q, and geometry, of the CH4, H2O, and CO2 models used. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-the-residence-time-of-street-trees-and-their-3idfgv5pks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-boxplots-of-zn-pb-and-cd-concentrations-in-the-soils-vthhxpiw.png Fig. 2: Boxplots of Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations in the soils of street trees of the three age classes (around 15 528 years, 50 years and 80 years for young, medium and old class, respectively). Boxplot: horizontal bold lines of the 529 box indicate the median, the lower and upper bounds of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentiles 530 respectively. The vertical doted bars include all values. Different letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05) 531 between the class ages (as determined by a Dunn test). 532 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-boxplots-of-zn-pb-and-cd-concentration-in-the-roots-of-1ni72cqt.png Fig. 3: Boxplots of Zn, Pb, and Cd concentration in the roots of street trees of the three age classes (centered 534 around 15 years, 50 years and 80 years for young, medium and old class, respectively). Boxplot: horizontal bold 535 lines of the box indicate the median, the lower and upper bounds of the box represent the 25th and 75th 536 percentiles respectively. The vertical doted bars include all values. Different letters indicate significant 537 differences (p<0.05) between the class ages (as determined by a Dunn test). 538 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-trace-element-zn-pb-cd-concentrations-of-some-1nm53nox.png Table 2: Mean trace element (Zn, Pb, Cd) concentrations of some urban soils (mg∙kg -1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-box-plots-of-zn-pb-and-cd-concentrations-mg-kg-1-2mme0v7j.png Fig. 4: Box plots of Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations (mg kg -1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-te-concentration-and-fluxes-between-1h4x8kq9.png Table 3: Comparison of TE concentration and fluxes between Paris (France) and Belgrade (Serbia). 515 https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-water-vapor-pressure-on-the-induction-period-4tifz8k799 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-induction-period-and-isoconversion-2t8po5se.png Fig. 3. Experimental induction period and isoconversion induction period determined on a kinetic curve α(t). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-views-of-a-li2so4-h2o-single-crystal-during-24ww5354.png Fig. 6. Views of a Li2SO4·H2O single crystal during dehydration with the environmental scanning electron microscope (T=70°C, P(H2O)=5.2 hPa). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distributions-of-isoconversion-induction-periods-384axaao.png Fig. 4. Distributions of isoconversion induction periods obtained for dehydration of Li2SO4·H2O single crystals at 80°C and: (a) 2.6hPa, (b) 3.6hPa and (c) 4.6 hPa of water vapor pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-electron-microscope-image-of-a-li2so4-h2o-2fqlx84e.png Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscope image of a Li2SO4·H2O single crystal. The kinetic curves were obtained by means of isothermal and isobaric thermogravimetry at 80°C, in a water vapor atmosphere. A symmetrical thermobalance was used in static conditions (Setaram MTB 10-8), the water vapor pressure is fixed using a thermoregulated water bath : the temperature fixed the water vapor pressure. After introduction of the sample in the close chamber at room temperature then evacuation up to a vacuum of 0.001 hPa, a pressure of water vapor equal to 123 hPa was established (this value being higher than 93 hPa which is the dehydration equilibrium pressure at 80°C, in order to prevent the sample from dehydration during the heating up to 80°C). When the temperature was stabilized at 80°C, the water pressure was then rapidly decreased to the chosen pressure for the experiment by a short pumping, and then maintained constant during each experiment due to the thermoregulated bath, the total pressure being that of water vapor. The whole apparatus was located in a box heated at 52°C in order to avoid cold points. The time necessary to decrease the pressure from 123 hPa to the pressure of experiment was about one minute. The origin of the time scale was arbitrarily chosen to be the moment at which the pressure of experiment was reached. This procedure was perfectly reproducible (as shown by repeating several experiments on Li2SO4·H2O powders). From thermogravimetric data, fractionnal conversion is calculted as follows: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-scheme-of-the-isoconversion-induction-periods-xud1oplx.png Fig. 7. Scheme of the isoconversion induction periods distributions for different water vapor pressures at 80°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-views-of-a-li2so4-h2o-single-crystal-during-2fseu0hw.png Fig. 5. Views of a Li2SO4·H2O single crystal during dehydration with the environmental scanning electron microscope (T=70°C, P(H2O)=3.9 hPa). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinetic-curves-a-t-for-li2so4-h2o-single-crystals-aw7rxos3.png Fig. 2. Kinetic curves α(t) for Li2SO4·H2O single crystals dehydrated at 80°C under three different water vapor pressures: 2.6, 3.6 and 4.6 hPa. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-waxes-on-bitumen-and-asphalt-concrete-mixture-37nng2cqxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-picture-of-wax-in-bitumen-paper-i-1y6xlb8m.png Figure 1. Schematic picture of wax in bitumen (Paper I). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-heat-flow-by-dsc-showing-the-melting-process-of-33p5lbh7.png Figure 3. Heat flow by DSC, showing the melting process of bitumen NV containing 6 %wt wax S, MW and PW, respectively (Paper IV). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effect-on-axial-deformation-in-dynamic-creep-1oyfmro1.png Figure 11. Effect on axial deformation in dynamic creep testing (40°C) due to the addition of 6 % commercial wax or 1 % polyphosphoric acid to nonwaxy bitumen NB (Paper VIII). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-phase-angle-at-1-rad-s-as-a-function-of-temperature-nbwimotx.png Figure 9. Phase angle at 1 rad/s as a function of temperature for base and wax modified bitumens ME and NV before and after ageing (RTFOT + PAV) (Paper VI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-tsrst-response-for-asphalt-concrete-containing-3puojl4l.png Figure 14. TSRST response for asphalt concrete containing bitumen NV or wax modified NV binder mixtures, before and after ageing (42 days at 85°C) (Paper VII). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-complex-modulus-at-1-rad-s-as-a-function-of-1icygc08.png Figure 8. Complex modulus at 1 rad/s as a function of temperature for base and wax modified bitumens ME and NV before and after ageing (RTFOT + PAV) (Paper VI). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-influence-on-complex-modulus-and-phase-angle-2rmjnglr.png Figure 5. Influence on complex modulus and phase angle (frequency 1 rad/s) on the two different non-waxy bitumens NV and NB due to the addition of commercial wax or polyphosphoric acid (Papers IV and VIII). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-correlation-between-dynamic-creep-at-40degc-vy9p16jf.png Figure 12. Correlation between dynamic creep at 40°C (permanent deformation after 3600 pulses) for the asphalt concrete mixture and complex modulus at the same temperature for the binder used in the mixture. https://scispace.com/papers/influence-of-welding-passes-on-grain-orientation-the-example-2rr2vsr7ca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-macrograph-of-a-real-specimen-with-buttering-2zayxkh1.png Figure 1: Macrograph of a real specimen, with buttering https://scispace.com/papers/infobiotics-workbench-a-p-systems-based-tool-for-systems-and-4otae2aggr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-property-patterns-3mgnijvq.png Table 1.1: Property patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2-sp-systems-containing-reactions-of-a-gene-network-3skkejvh.png Fig. 1.2: SP systems containing reactions of a gene network, single (a) and distributed over the LPP system lattice (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-11-two-different-bacterial-strains-of-the-pulse-7ehersi6.png Fig. 1.11: Two different bacterial strains of the pulse generator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-12-spatial-distribution-of-sender-and-pulsing-cells-1o5cusf2.png Fig. 1.12: Spatial distribution of sender and pulsing cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-7-surface-plots-showing-expression-patterns-of-two-28j6zdf3.png Fig. 1.7: Surface plots showing expression patterns of two fluorescent proteins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-4-flow-of-information-through-the-components-of-the-a2eosnrm.png Fig. 1.4: Flow of information through the components of the Infobiotics Workbench. Data is passed between components as files. Parameter files (.params), referencing model files (.sbml, .lpp or .xml), are produced by the Infobiotics Dashboard and supplied to the experiment executables for simulation (MCSS), model checking (PMODELCHECKER) and optimisation (POPTIMIZER). Executables communicate progress to stdout which is read and interpreted by the Dashboard to report the percentage completed and estimate time remaining. Files produced by the experiments (.h5 simulation data, .psm model checking property probabilities) are presented by the Dashboard for analysis, and can be exported as tabulated data, images and video files. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-8-pmodelchecker-parameterisation-interfaces-2hg36geu.png Fig. 1.8: PMODELCHECKER parameterisation interfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-tools-comparison-2m1tm27o.png Table 1.3: Tools comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/information-mobile-communication-and-referral-effects-1vf8p0sbay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-referral-effect-and-robustness-to-homophily-3teblpeh.png Table 9: Referral Effect and Robustness to Homophily https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-referral-effect-and-information-asymmetry-17bstta9.png Table 5: Referral Effect and Information Asymmetry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-calls-to-referral-vs-nonreferral-friends-220bzjce.png Figure 3: Calls to Referral vs. Nonreferral Friends https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-referral-effect-and-robustness-to-preference-for-36sofrha.png Table 10: Referral Effect and Robustness to Preference for Working with Friends https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-referral-benefits-to-workers-bazw9575.png Table 6: Referral Benefits to Workers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-job-switchers-social-contacts-before-and-after-job-23n1cqer.png Figure 2: Job Switchers’ Social Contacts Before and After Job Switch https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-job-search-methods-in-china-vs-the-united-states-1ffs96j3.png Figure 1: Job Search Methods in China vs. the United States (2014) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-phone-calls-internet-browsing-and-data-usage-3ahz8s8q.png Table 12: Phone Calls, Internet Browsing, and Data Usage https://scispace.com/papers/information-acquisition-and-welfare-4ouw2xw3ym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-timing-of-the-model-3dh2wowd.png Figure 1: The timing of the model https://scispace.com/papers/information-quality-in-plm-a-product-design-perspective-1jejb08xsi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-product-lifecycle-model-and-its-major-information-2k07rwww.png Fig. 1. A product lifecycle model and its major information flows [6] https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quality-dimensions-for-requirements-according-to-rjcsp7gf.png Table 3. Quality dimensions for requirements according to IEEE 830 and [13] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selection-of-quality-dimensions-and-their-3v18bt9k.png Table 2. Selection of quality dimensions and their description (based on [11]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-of-information-quality-11-anoropol.png Table 1. Dimensions of information quality [11] https://scispace.com/papers/information-flow-enforcement-in-monadic-libraries-4oqtj9qtse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-plug-in-plugin2-which-does-not-respect-the-1q0ybv1c.png Figure 4. Example plug-in plugin2 , which does not respect the information flow policy, because it leaks information about the user mail to the external resource server. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-plug-in-plugin1-respecting-the-information-3k4s61nq.png Figure 3. Example plug-in plugin1 , respecting the information flow policy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-requiring-non-standard-use-of-the-32dtdra1.png Figure 2. An example requiring non-standard use of the donotation to provide proper scoping information for use in the information flow enforcement. In the expression badflow it will not be clear to the enforcement transformer that the information coming from getSec is not used in the call to putPublic. The scoping in the expression goodflow makes this clear. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-definition-of-monad-class-and-its-operations-from-1hgtum1f.png Figure 5. Definition of Monad class and its operations from the standard Haskell Prelude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-sequence-bind-fail-and-return-type-classes-as-2g6z8ar9.png Figure 6. The Sequence , Bind , Fail and Return type classes, as used in this paper instead of the standard Monad class. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-kmetts-definition-of-the-return-function-returning-2wqmsd07.png Figure 7. Kmett’s definition of the return function returning an instance of the Identity monad, behaves better w.r.t. type inference. Special instances of the Bind and Sequence type classes make sure it interacts well with other monads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-api-presented-to-plug-in-developers-in-3mqkv8ch.png Figure 1. An example API presented to plug-in developers in an email application, along with an example implementation in the IO monad. We also provide classic automatic lifting of the EmailM operations through the state monad transformer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-translation-function-ph-from-our-model-language-to-otc4awmw.png Figure 11. Translation function φ from our model language to calculations in the transformed monad. https://scispace.com/papers/information-fairness-and-efficiency-in-bargaining-26dkcgvik4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-appleton-baker-initial-and-renegotiated-agreements-1vgshz7p.png Figure 1 Appleton-Baker initial and renegotiated agreements (buyer's BA TNA = 18) https://scispace.com/papers/information-retrieval-models-for-recommender-systems-dikvrdjb7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-number-and-ratio-of-items-identi-ed-as-long-tail-27g3ssmt.png Table 6.1:Number and ratio of items identi ed as long tail products on the MovieLens 1M and Library¿ing datasets with the three proposed strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-values-of-ndcg-100-on-the-ta-feng-dataset-for-32edn88t.png Figure 6.3: Values of nDCG@100 on the Ta-Feng dataset for liquidating long tail items using Random, Popularity, kNN-UB, kNN-IB, UIR-IB, HT, PureSVD, SLIM and IRM2 algorithms. Long tail items are those with no more than n buyers with n ∈ [1, 10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-correlation-of-precision-recall-map-ndcg-mrr-2nror8u6.png Figure 4.5: Correlation of Precision, Recall, MAP, nDCG, MRR, bpref and InfAP (using a cut-o of 100) with each other on the MovieLens 1M (top), Library¿ing (middle) and BeerAdvocate (bottom) datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-values-of-ndcg-100-top-gini-100-middle-and-msi-7q3xagwz.png Figure 5.5: Values of nDCG@100 (top), Gini@100 (middle) and MSI@100 (bottom) for RM2 using a uniform user prior and a probabilistic item https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-2-values-of-ndcg-100-gini-100-and-msi-100-using-wsr-33djreoy.png Table 9.2: Values of nDCG@100, Gini@100 and MSI@100 using WSR with the greedy oracle and k-NN with cosine similarity on MovieLens 100k. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1-values-of-ndcg-100-of-the-recommendations-27419ge7.png Figure 9.1: Values of nDCG@100 of the recommendations generated by WSR using the neighborhoods produced by the greedy oracle and by k-NN using cosine similarity when varying the parameter k. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-6-parameters-of-neighborhood-techniques-when-using-2rm06dtx.png Table 9.6: Parameters of neighborhood techniques when using WSR as recommender algorithm on the MovieLens 100k and 1M, R3-Yahoo and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-e-item-i-and-the-set-of-relevant-items-to-that-19moq6s2.png Figure 6.1:¿e item i and the set of relevant items to that item J i are samples of the same model R i (although the sampling process may vary). https://scispace.com/papers/information-security-in-the-cloud-should-we-be-using-a-o9nvjdi95a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-company-security-threat-model-2nescm16.png Fig. 1. A Company Security Threat Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-verizon-top-5-security-breaches-2010-2014-1-highest-2pszabvo.png TABLE I. Verizon Top 5 Security Breaches — 2010-2014 (1=Highest) [43][44][45][46][47] https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-pwc-bis-top-4-security-breaches-2010-2014-1-highest-138ef8qs.png TABLE II. PWC/BIS Top 4 Security Breaches — 2010-2014 (1=Highest) [48][49][50][51] https://scispace.com/papers/information-technology-and-the-world-growth-resurgence-49fj3zs8z7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-version-6-1-philadelphia-pa-center-for-international-28zqdi38.png Table Version 6.1, Philadelphia, PA: Center for International Comparisons at https://scispace.com/papers/information-technologies-and-subjective-well-being-does-the-3s060hr6dq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-eu-silc-robustness-checks-19zscidx.png Table 3: EU-SILC: Robustness checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-world-values-survey-wave-5-2005-2007-descriptive-2jdcdetf.png Table 5: World Values Survey, Wave 5 (2005-2007) – Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-eu-silc-response-to-minimum-income-question-and-kk2j29cs.png Figure A.1: EU-SILC: Response to minimum-income question and actual household income https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-eu-silc-definition-of-variables-2ssau0ba.png Table A.1: EU-SILC: Definition of variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wvs-determinants-of-life-satisfaction-least-squares-3qbbuel1.png Table 6: WVS: Determinants of life satisfaction – Least squares and ordered probit https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-eu-silc-determinants-of-subjective-minimum-income-1csvxcw2.png Table 2: EU-SILC: Determinants of subjective minimum-income https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-wvs-marginal-effects-of-income-on-life-satisfaction-203mlz38.png Table 7: WVS: Marginal effects of income on life satisfaction by internet users https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-difference-to-minimum-income-question-by-computer-1rgr1u1o.png Figure 1: Difference to minimum-income question by computer possession https://scispace.com/papers/information-theory-in-auditory-research-2epo7opc6a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-processing-for-enhancing-specific-aspects-of-stimulus-3veuydpm.png Fig. 4. Processing for enhancing specific aspects of stimulus representation. (a) Raster plots for simulated ANF in response to a 100 Hz tone. The phase of the tone was shifted, and each value of the phase was used for 50 responses. (b) Joint distribution of stimuli and first spike latency. Note that the joint distribution has a lot of structure, leading to a substantial MI (about 0.7 bits). (c) Location of the first peak of the single-trial autocorrelation function. The phase sensitivity has been abolished by this analysis, but the periodicity is much more strongly represented. https://scispace.com/papers/informational-zooming-an-interaction-model-for-the-graphical-2u4qwr6woo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-illustrative-text-graph-taken-from-sonnenberger-24rvq4zr.png Figure 2 An illustrative text graph taken from SONNENBERGER 88 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-textual-presentation-of-the-most-relevant-passage-383ft7v4.png Figure 5 Textual presentation of the most relevant passage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-browsing-the-world-knowledge-base-3qcg8y0v.png Figure 3 Browsing the world knowledge base https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-information-layers-used-in-topographic-1zmk3jv5.png Figure 1 The information layers used in TOPOGRAPHIC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-topical-structure-of-the-most-relevant-text-1uhrmjf7.png Figure 4 The topical structure of the most relevant text passage and an additional table with factual information taken from that text. https://scispace.com/papers/infotropism-as-the-underlying-principle-of-perceptual-36wotc1f65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-necker-cube-11ajruqv.png Figure 1: The Necker cube. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-perceptual-preference-relating-to-an-occluded-17oam9tt.png Figure 3: A perceptual preference relating to an occluded shape. The dark area in (a) tends to be perceived as a shape occluding (b) rather than (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inverse-information-measurement-with-two-outcomes-2qwt5nyc.png Figure 4: Inverse information measurement with two outcomes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pattern-in-a-tends-to-be-organized-as-two-2d57sc8z.png Figure 2: The pattern in (a) tends to be organized as two superimposed figures, as in (b), rather than (c). https://scispace.com/papers/ingan-quantum-dots-studied-by-correlative-microscopy-125c76e525 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-bf-stem-image-of-the-heterostructure-showing-the-2tbuxejw.png Figure 2. (a) BF-STEM image of the heterostructure showing the 40 periods of InGaN QDs. (b) Reciprocal space map around the (10–15) x-ray reflection of the GaN/InGaN QD superlattice (SL) grown on GaN. The dashed line outlines the shape of the tip specimen that is analyzed atom probe tomography. (c) XRD θ-2θ scan (light blue) recorded around the (0002) reflection of GaN. Labels indicate the (0002) reflection of GaN, and the (0002) reflection of the QD superlattice, with several satellites. The experimental result is compared with a theoretical calculation (dark blue). (d) CL spectra of the as-grown sample recorded at different temperatures. (e) Normalized CL intensity as a function of the inverse temperature. The dashed line is a fit that assumes dominance of a monoexponential nonradiative process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-crystallographic-structure-of-wurtzite-iii-kyit50u9.png Figure 1. (a) Crystallographic structure of wurtzite III-nitrides. The [0001] growth axis and the inplane (a) and out of plane (c) lattice parameters are indicated in the figure. (b) Relationship between the energy band gap and the in-plane lattice parameter in bulk wurtzite III-nitrides (AlN, GaN, InN and their ternary compounds). Inset: Low temperature band offsets in the AlN / GaN / InN system.3,4 (c) Schematic description of the PAMBE growth process. Atomic flows of Ga, In and N imping the substrate surface. At the QD growth temperature, only indium is desorbed. The crystal grows in a metal rich environment, as described in the right side of the image. (d) Formation of InGaN QDs on GaN. The strong lattice mismatch leads to an elastic relaxation when the InGaN layer reaches a certain critical thickness. The resulting structure consist of InGaN islands (QDs) that are linked by a wetting layer (WL). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-schematic-description-of-the-qds-with-composition-1fgsrj27.png Figure 6. (a) Schematic description of the QDs with composition and dimensions extracted by combination of XRD, AFM, TEM and APT measurements. (b) From 3D Schrödinger-Poisson calculations at room temperature, band profile along [0001] crossing the center of the QDs, with the (c) electron and (d) hole probability distribution obtained by projecting their squared wavefunctions. (e-h) Calculation of the emission wavelength at room temperature as a function of the (e) QD base diameter, (f) indium content in the WL, (g) indium content in the QD, and (h) QD height. In (e-h), red circles outline the result of the simulation with the input parameters described in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-in-situ-pl-measurements-performed-during-the-la-o9m122tb.png Figure 5. (a) In-situ PL measurements performed during the La-APT evaporation of InGaN/GaN QDs. The experiment was performed at 80 K. The legend indicates the number of layers that remain in the specimen when recording the PL data. Dashed lines are Lorentzian fits that identify the QDs contained in layer 2. Their evolution of the emission of these two QDs is marked with arrows. (b) Indium 3D APT reconstruction of the last 2, 3 and 5 layers of QDs detected during analysis. (c) μPL peak wavelength of three QDs (the signals of QD1 and QD2 disappeared after evaporation of layer 2, as shown in (b), and QD3 had disappeared after evaporation of layer 3). The FWHM is indicated as an error bar. (d) μPL peak wavelength of the GaN emission vs. number of layers remaining on the specimen during evaporation. The evolution of the FWHM is indicated with open symbols (right axis). (e) Indium-site fraction map calculated from an APT 3D reconstructed volume. In this twodimensional representation, the composition is integrated over 10 nm in the direction perpendicular to the page. (f-g) In red, isosurfaces enclosing (f) the QD region (indium fraction ≥ 14%), and (g) the wetting layer (In fraction ≥ 6%), extracted for the layer indicated in figure 5(e). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-upl-measurements-performed-before-the-la-apt-1f61be8o.png Figure 4. µPL measurements performed before the La-APT evaporation of InGaN/GaN QDs with different laser power. The experiment was performed at 80 K and the frequency and wavelength of laser were 300 kHz and 260 nm, respectively. (b) Intensity of the GaN and QD PL lines as a function of the laser power, extracted from (a). (c) Peak wavelength of the GaN and QD PL lines as a function of the laser power. The FWHM is indicated as an error bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-tem-image-of-the-tip-after-fib-preparation-b-31r5gynh.png Figure 3. (a) TEM image of the tip after FIB preparation. (b) Panchromatic CL map of the needleshaped specimen in (a). (c) CL spectrum at room temperature, where labels indicate the emission bands associated to the GaN substrate and to the QD superlattice. (d) Normalized CL intensity of the specimen as a function of temperature. The dashed line is a fit that assumes dominance of a monoexponential nonradiative process. https://scispace.com/papers/infrared-spectroscopy-of-human-tissue-v-infrared-2mjcvj5ut1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-infrared-microspectra-of-individual-ml-1-cells-mcr1m7lb.png Figure 4. Infrared microspectra of individual ML-1 cells separated into fractions by centrifugal elutriation: (A) G1 phase; (B–D) early, middle, and late S-phase; (E) S/G2 interface; (F) G2 phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-infrared-absorption-spectra-of-cellular-components-3rlv51x1.png Figure 1. Infrared absorption spectra of cellular components (collected as dried films). Trace A: protein; trace B: r-RNA; trace C: DNA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-infrared-absorption-spectra-of-ml-1-cells-separated-1rsbz4m1.png Figure 3. Infrared absorption spectra of ML-1 cells separated into fractions by centrifugal elutriation. Trace A: G1 phase (fraction 5); trace B: S phase (fraction 11); trace C: S phase (fraction 11); trace D: G2 phase (fraction 15). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-a-superposition-of-protein-rna-dna-tjb08wme.png Figure 2. Comparison of a superposition of protein/ RNA/DNA spectra (trace A) with infrared absorption spectra of ML-1 cells (trace B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-facs-results-of-a-fraction-5-b-fraction-9-c-20jljizl.png Figure 5. FACS results of (A) fraction 5, (B) fraction 9, (C) fraction 11, and (D) fraction 15. The graphs show the distribution of cells plotted against the DNA fluorescence. https://scispace.com/papers/inhibition-of-neuroinflammation-by-thymoquinone-requires-1kffvu5q6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-1e8he4wj.png Figure 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xquyf1xw.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-qw3qne7o.png Figure 14 https://scispace.com/papers/inhibitory-and-combinatorial-effect-of-diphyllin-a-v-atpase-xek6bgwj2t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-drug-cytotoxicity-of-diphyllin-in-mdck-cells-and-a549-38wsl75o.png Fig. 1. Drug cytotoxicity of diphyllin in MDCK cells and A549 cells. Various concentrations of diphyllin were added to MDCK cells and A549 cells and incubated for 3 days. An MTT assay was performed and cell viability was normalized to the value of untreated controls (100%). Data in the plot present the mean ± SD out of four test replicates. The CC50 of diphyllin were 3.48 ± 0.17 and 24.01 ± 0.45 lM in MDCK cells and A549 cells, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-diphyllin-inhibited-virus-production-against-major-1ezqjqx6.png Fig. 6. Diphyllin inhibited virus production against major types/subtypes of human influenza virus strains. (A–D) MDCK cells were pretreated with diphyllin 1 h prior to four different influenza virus strains infection at an MOI of 0.01. Infected cells without diphyllin treatment were used as controls (black bars). After a 1-h period of infection, cells were washed, overlaid with fresh media containing the same concentrations of diphyllin as in previous step, and incubated for another 24 h. The cell culture supernatant was harvested for HA tests. Values are mean ± SD from three replicates. Viral titers between each treated group and the untreated control group were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. (ns: non-significant, ⁄p < 0.05, ⁄⁄p < 0.01, ⁄⁄⁄p < 0.001, ⁄⁄⁄⁄p < 0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dose-dependent-inhibition-of-endosomal-acidification-170l1yy4.png Fig. 2. Dose-dependent inhibition of endosomal acidification caused by diphyllin. MDCK cells and A549 cells were incubated with bafilomycin A1 (0.2 lM) or various concentrations of diphyllin (0.078, 0.312, 1.25 lM) at 37 C for 20 min. Untreated cells (media only) were used as controls. Acridine orange dye (1 lg/ml) was added to each well and incubated for 10 min. (A) Acidic endosomes in cells were stained red by acridine orange and non-acidic endosomes were stained green. Fluorescence images were obtained on iCys Research Imaging Cytometer. Representative images are shown (magnification: 40 ). (B) Fluorescence data was collected from diphyllin-treated wells and the green/red fluorescence ratio was presented. Data in the plot present the mean ± SD out of four replicates. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diphyllin-inhibited-virus-replication-of-h6n1-avian-3jxeykxi.png Fig. 5. Diphyllin inhibited virus replication of H6N1 avian influenza virus and dengue virus serotype 2. (A) MDCK cells were pretreated with diphyllin 1 h prior to strain A/ Duck/Yilan/2904/99(H6N1) infection at an MOI of 0.1. Infected cells without diphyllin treatment were used as controls (black bars). After a 1-h period of infection, cells were washed, overlaid with fresh media containing the same concentrations of diphyllin as in previous step, and incubated for another 40 h. The cell culture supernatant was harvested for TCID50 assay (left) and HA test (right), respectively. (B) A549 cells were treated with diphyllin using the same procedures as above, and the DENV2 was inoculated for infection (MOI = 0.01). Twenty-four hours later, the culture supernatant and cells were harvested to determine the virus titers using plaque assay (left) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (right), respectively. Values are mean ± SD from three replicates. Viral titers between each treated group and the untreated control group were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. (ns: non-significant, ⁄p < 0.05, ⁄⁄p < 0.01, ⁄⁄⁄p < 0.001, ⁄⁄⁄⁄p < 0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-combinations-of-diphyllin-and-amantadine-showed-go976sbb.png Fig. 8. Combinations of diphyllin and amantadine showed enhanced antiviral effect and CPE protection. (A) Diphyllin (500, 250 nM) and amantadine (100, 50, 25 nM) were used individually or in combination in A/Aichi/2/68(H3N2) virus infected MDCK cells as described in Section 2.7. Cells were harvested for NP expression analysis using Western blotting, and extracellular virus titers in supernatant were determined by an HA test. (B) Amantadine (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 nM) was used in the absence or presence of diphyllin (250, 125 nM) in A/Aichi/2/68(H3N2) virus infected MDCK cells as described in Section 2.7. An MTT assay was performed and normalized cell viability was presented. Values are mean ± SD from three replicates. Cell viability between each diphyllin cooperatively treated group and the amantadine alone treated group were compared by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. (ns: non-significant, ⁄p < 0.05, ⁄⁄p < 0.01, ⁄⁄⁄p < 0.001, ⁄⁄⁄⁄p < 0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pretreatment-treatment-with-diphyllin-alters-the-9j47vkos.png Fig. 3. Pretreatment/treatment with diphyllin alters the cellular susceptibility to influenza virus and showed an antiviral activity against influenza virus. (A) Two lM of diphyllin was added to MDCK cells at three different time points relative to NS1-GFP virus infection (MOI = 0.01): 1 h prior to infection ( 1 hpi), same time as infection (0 hpi) or 1 h after infection (1 hpi). Infected cells without diphyllin treatment were used as controls. After a 1-h infection period, all test cells were washed and incubated with fresh media containing 2 lM of diphyllin and incubated for 24 h. Cells were then harvested and the expression of viral NP and tubulin was detected by Western blotting. (B) Various concentrations of diphyllin were added to MDCK cells (left panel) or A549 cells (right panel) 1 h before the NS1-GFP virus infection (MOI = 0.01). Infected cells without diphyllin treatment were used as controls. After a 1-h period of infection, cells were washed, overlaid with fresh media containing the same concentrations of diphyllin as in previous step, and incubated for another 24 h. Cells were lysed and the mRNA level of viral matrix gene relative to cellular b-actin was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results were presented as fold change of untreated control (upper panel). Expression of intracellular viral NP and tubulin was detected by Western blotting (lower panel). (C) Extracellular viral titers in culture supernatant were determined with HA tests. Values are mean ± SD from three replicates. Viral titers between each treated group and the untreated control group were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. (ns: non-significant, ⁄p < 0.05, ⁄⁄p < 0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-combinations-of-diphyllin-and-oseltamivir-showed-3eo0wsxe.png Fig. 7. Combinations of diphyllin and oseltamivir showed enhanced antiviral effect and CPE protection. (A) Diphyllin (1000, 500 nM) and oseltamivir (1000, 500, 250 nM) were used individually or in combination in NS1-GFP virus infected MDCK cells as described in Section 2.7. Cells were harvested for NP expression analysis using Western blotting, and extracellular virus titers in supernatant were determined by an HA test. (B) Oseltamivir (25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 nM) was used in the absence or presence of diphyllin (250, 125 nM) in NS1-GFP virus infected MDCK cells as described in Section 2.7. An MTT assay was performed and normalized cell viability was presented. Values are mean ± SD from three replicates. Cell viability between each diphyllin cooperatively treated group and the amantadine alone treated group were compared by two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. (ns: non-significant, ⁄p < 0.05, ⁄⁄p < 0.01, ⁄⁄⁄p < 0.001, ⁄⁄⁄⁄p < 0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diphyllin-inhibited-the-gfp-expression-from-the-ns1-ikwhu2lz.png Fig. 4. Diphyllin inhibited the GFP expression from the NS1-GFP influenza virus. 0.2 lM of bafilomycin A1 or various concentrations of diphyllin (0.078, 0.312, 1.25 lM) were added to MDCK cells 1 h before NS1-GFP virus infection (MOI = 0.01). Infected cells without diphyllin treatment were used as controls. After a 1-h period of infection, cells were washed, overlaid with fresh media containing the same concentrations of diphyllin as in previous step, and incubated for another 24 h. (A) Fluorescence images of GFP (green) and nucleus (DAPI, blue) were acquired using DeltaVision deconvolution microscope system. Representative images are shown (magnification: 200 ). (B) Green fluorescence intensity from diphyllin-treated cells was quantitated using an iCys Research Imaging Cytometer. Data was presented by the relative intensity of untreated controls cells. Values are mean ± SD from four replicates. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article). https://scispace.com/papers/initial-development-of-pathological-personality-trait-domain-fuug5mtca0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factor-structure-of-the-proposed-scale-items-in-the-3gpleuu0.png Table 2 Factor Structure of the Proposed Scale Items in the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Community Sample https://scispace.com/papers/initial-industry-collaborations-of-the-center-of-excellence-2z33g6vg0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-core-design-parameters-fs9k4std.png Table 2. Core design parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mhtgr-operating-conditions-2-1vm2izw5.png Table 3. MHTGR operating conditions [2] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solid-temperature-radial-distribution-at-various-2q6eiu8a.png Figure 4. Solid temperature radial distribution at various axial location in a primary loop. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-computational-mesh-used-to-simulate-the-flow-1gznzhuc.png Figure 17. Computational mesh used to simulate the flow showing (a) the complete mesh with GLL quadrature and (b) a zoomed in region near a location where the mesh was modified https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-radial-velocity-m-s-distribution-in-the-3d-domain-9lcg4mb3.png Figure 19: Radial velocity (m/s) distribution in the 3D domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-pressure-pa-distribution-in-the-3d-domain-2yyh45n3.png Figure 18: Pressure (Pa) distribution in the 3D domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-coolant-temperature-and-velocity-distributions-in-1g6f0wz7.png Figure 8. Coolant temperature and velocity distributions in the active core https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fluid-and-solid-temperature-distribution-29sqqdla.png Figure 7. Fluid and solid temperature distribution https://scispace.com/papers/inhibitory-effects-of-scots-pine-heartwood-extractives-on-3lkdu2cqpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-disappearance-of-pinosylvins-from-the-methanol-1n4dplb3.png Figure 4. Disappearance of pinosylvins from the methanol extract (ME) or the unextracted 379 wood powder (UEW) during incubation with the T. versicolor enzyme preparation. PS, 380 pinosylvin; PSM, pinosylvin monomethyl ether 381 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-extractives-in-the-acetone-ae-and-w86tbpu6.png Table 1. Composition of extractives in the acetone (AE) and methanol (ME) extracts (%, g g-1 217 of extract) and the unextracted (UEW) and hexane extracted (HEW) wood powders (mg g-1 of 218 oven-dry wood) 219 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-protein-contents-mg-ml-1-and-hydrolase-activities-u-mw9u1v08.png Table 2. Protein contents (mg mL-1) and hydrolase activities (U mg-1 protein) of the C. puteana 240 (Cp), T. versicolor (Tv), and Celluclast (Cell.) enzyme preparations 241 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-loss-of-supernatant-protein-due-to-incubation-with-1n43slbe.png Figure 3. Loss of supernatant protein due to incubation with the methanol extract (ME) or the 332 unextracted wood powder (UEW). Cp, C. puteana; Tv, T. versicolor; Cell., Celluclast. 333 *statistically significant difference to reference (p<0.05, Tukey’s range test) 334 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deactivation-of-enzymatic-glucose-a-and-xylose-b-10grux2q.png Figure 2. Deactivation of enzymatic glucose (a) and xylose (b) release from pulp by 327 extractives. AE, acetone extract; ME, methanol extract; UEW, unextracted wood powder; 328 HEW, hexane extracted wood powder; Cp, C. puteana; Tv, T. versicolor; Cell., Celluclast. 329 *statistically significant difference to reference (p<0.05, Tukey’s range test) 330 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-monosaccharide-yields-mg-l-1-in-pulp-reference-rzsb6ek9.png Table 3. Monosaccharide yields (mg L-1) in pulp reference hydrolyses by the C. puteana (Cp), 244 T. versicolor (Tv), and Celluclast (Cell.) enzyme preparations. Pulp + 2.5% EtOH is used as 245 reference for hydrolyses containing extracts, pulp + 2.5% HMEW for those containing wood 246 powders 247 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-residual-glucose-and-xylose-releasing-enzyme-308ucsrc.png Figure 5. Residual glucose and xylose releasing enzyme activity in the supernatant and solid 407 fractions of T. versicolor after a 24 h incubation with the methanol extract (ME) or the 408 unextracted wood powder (UEW) 409 https://scispace.com/papers/initial-mainstream-cultural-orientations-predict-early-cr7o818s5x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-1-modeling-changes-in-number-of-friends-in-the-u3bzt80n.png Table 1 | Study 1: Modeling Changes in Number of Friends in the Mainstream Language https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-2-multivariate-modeling-of-changes-in-number-1k5t4d6q.png Table 2 | Study 2: Multivariate Modeling of Changes in Number of Regular Interlocutors in the Different Cultural Groups https://scispace.com/papers/initiating-private-collective-innovation-the-fragility-of-rvpk7g30sd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-followers-who-share-if-a-the-leader-3twwzl66.png Figure 2. Percentage of followers who share if (a) the leader shares and (b) if the leader conceals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-fragility-of-knowledge-sharing-percentage-of-ny2pbwux.png Figure 4. The fragility of knowledge sharing—percentage of mutual sharing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-leaders-who-share-1na6og0h.png Figure 3. Percentage of leaders who share https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-knowledge-sharing-game-3hld7moi.png Figure 1. The knowledge-sharing game. https://scispace.com/papers/injecting-immediacy-into-media-logic-re-interpreting-the-3bk6tmzzd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-of-time-spent-on-journalistic-interventions-average-1354wphk.png Table 4: % of time spent on journalistic interventions, average mean length (M) and Standard Deviation (SD) in ITV television newscasts in political and non-political news items 1991-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ratio-of-onscreen-and-off-screen-sources-to-edited-1ncypzqc.png Table 5: Ratio of onscreen and off screen sources to edited packages and twoway/reporter live on BBC and ITV evening television newscasts 1991-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-of-time-spent-on-journalistic-interventions-average-m6hijfa5.png Table 3: % of time spent on journalistic interventions, average mean length (M) and Standard Deviation (SD)2 in BBC television newscasts in political and non-political news items 1991-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-average-length-m-and-standard-deviation-sd-of-21vaxyf3.png Table 1: Mean average length (M) and Standard deviation (SD) of both soundbites and imagebites used in political news on UK evening television newscasts 1991-2103 https://scispace.com/papers/innovating-for-energy-efficiency-digital-gamification-in-the-4s8mhpmnfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-collected-by-company-country-27uyvr65.png Table 1: Data collected by company/country https://scispace.com/papers/innovation-diffusion-in-global-contexts-determinants-of-post-5esb05heg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-construct-reliability-and-convergent-validity-8x66d0eb.png Table 2 Construct reliability and convergent validity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plot-between-ict-expenditure-and-gdp-per-3fh0lomf.png Figure 3 Scatter plot between ICT expenditure and GDP per capita. Data sources: Worldbank (2001) and OECD (2001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-e-business-impact-second-order-construct-adapted-1gsdi95z.png Figure 2 E-business impact: second-order construct (adapted from Zhu & Kraemer, 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-n1-41415-1uxxk0gi.png Table 1 Sample characteristics (N¼1415) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-integrative-model-note-full-sample-results-are-3ixxh0zn.png Figure 1 An integrative model. Note: Full-sample results are shown in parentheses to save space ***Po0.01; **Po0.05; *Po0.10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-empirical-results-of-the-cross-country-comparison-3dv0ygrd.png Figure 4 Empirical results of the cross-country comparison. Notes: Estimates on the low ICT-intensity subsample are shown in parentheses. Bold numbers are statistically different than their counterparts. ***Po0.01; **Po0.05; *Po0.10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-2te64zdn.png Table 3 Summary statistics https://scispace.com/papers/innovation-in-nlr-and-tlr-sensing-drives-the-mhc-ii-free-3k7785rqxp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-go-enrichment-analysis-of-mamp-up-regulated-degs-to-ev00fget.png Fig. 5. GO enrichment analysis of MAMP up-regulated DEGs to identify underpinned functional 307 pathways in activating the cod macrophage inflammatory response. GO enrichment and network 308 visualization was conducted by Cytoscape plugin ClueGO and CluePedia. Cod up-regulated DEGs 309 annotated to human SwissProt identifiers were mapped to KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and 310 Genomes) pathways database. Enriched KEGG terms that are shared the same cluster were collapsed 311 into one integrative node (shaded grey) labelled with brief descriptions respectively (See Fig. S5 and 312 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-muramyl-dipeptide-229-peptidoglycan-mdp-230-triggers-3qqez0tu.png Fig. 3. Muramyl dipeptide 229 peptidoglycan (MDP) 230 triggers the strongest 231 antibacterial response in 232 https://scispace.com/papers/innovation-technique-et-institutionnelle-en-agriculture-l-99o5dxcp64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-les-relations-contractuelles-planteur-industriel-39d9mhqj.png Figure 2 : les relations contractuelles planteur – industriel — coopérative https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marge-brute-cumulee-en-eur-sur-25-ans-dun-hectare-mhe2yf92.png Figure 1 : marge brute cumulée (en €) sur 25 ans d’un hectare d’eucalyptus et d’une rotationtype en grandes cultures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-le-cadre-institutionnel-du-projet-et-son-28yqo3vr.png Figure 3 : le cadre institutionnel du projet et son élargissement aux acteurs territoriaux https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-supports-denquetes-et-de-mediation-par-le-paysage-2a5kgrx8.png Figure 4 : supports d’enquêtes et de médiation par le paysage https://scispace.com/papers/innovative-approaches-to-aphasia-rehabilitation-a-review-on-a9rkhjxd41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-virtual-reality-studies-in-aphasia-recovery-1p89vk5o.png Table 2. Virtual Reality studies in aphasia recovery. Abbreviation: * RCT: randomized controlled trial; CS: case series; RGSa: Rehabilitation Gaming System for aphasia Interaction; VRRS-Tablet: Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System; RGS Rehabilitation Gaming System; VR: virtual reality. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cont-3tego1q1.png Table 2. Virtual Reality studies in aphasia recovery. Abbreviation: * RCT: randomized controlled trial; CS: case series; RGSa: Rehabilitation Gaming System for aphasia Interaction; VRRS-Tablet: Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System; RGS Rehabilitation Gaming System; VR: virtual reality. https://scispace.com/papers/innovations-in-agronomy-for-food-legumes-a-review-46lqnn7ofc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-integration-hierarchy-increasing-in-complexity-from-3w3d48r8.png Fig. 4 Integration hierarchy, increasing in complexity, from individual factor responses to integrated agro-ecosystem management. ICM integrated crop management, IPM integrated pest management, IDM integrated disease management, IWM integrated weed management, INM integrated nutrient management https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-qualitative-representation-of-n-green-arrows-and-p-2wh16q1h.png Fig. 3 Qualitative representation of N (green arrows) and P (blue arrows; blue-green striped=N+P) dynamics in conventional cropping systems (above) and ecosystem-oriented cropping systems (below). Arrow thickness represents relative proportion of nutrient flow. After Drinkwater and Snapp (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-ipm-on-the-incidence-of-larvae-percentage-356jwyxu.png Table 1 Effect of IPM on the incidence of larvae, percentage of bored pods and on grain yield of a sole crop of chickpea in the High Barind Tract of Bangladesh, 2004–2005 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-versatile-multi-crop-planter-vmp-with-seed-and-283esenk.png Fig. 2 Versatile multi-crop planter (VMP), with seed and fertilizer delivery attachments fitted to a Chinese-made two-wheel tractor (power tiller), sowing lentil by strip tillage after rice, Bangladesh, November 2009. The machine can be easily modified to sow by zero tillage (all rotary blades removed), full tillage (all rotary blades present), and to sow on beds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trends-in-areas-sown-to-a-chickpea-b-lentil-c-dry-peas-i8amf1g3.png Fig. 1 Trends in areas sown to a chickpea, b lentil, c dry peas, and d lupins in major producing countries and regions in the previous decade. Values for “Asia” include those for India, Pakistan, and Turkey. Source: FAO (2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-profitability-of-chickpea-cultivated-using-1dl1oyu7.png Table 2 Relative profitability of chickpea, cultivated using either integrated crop management (ICM) or farmer practice (FP), boro rice (grown with irrigation in winter/spring), wheat, and maize in western Bangladesh, based on prices applicable to the 2005–2006 post-rainy season, and mean input levels and yields https://scispace.com/papers/innovative-public-private-partnership-to-support-smart-city-445ph8c80z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-universitys-purpose-with-shared-demonstrators-adapted-29ev1xpt.png Fig. 1: University’s purpose with shared demonstrators, adapted from (ERPI, 2012; Ansoff, 1957) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-university-market-development-workshops-on-urban-1xt93u6p.png Fig. 2: The university market development: Workshops on Urban Innovation, adapted from (Ansoff, 1957) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-in-2011-stakeholders-perception-on-la-fabrique-39k06e13.png Fig. 3: in 2011, stakeholders perception on “La Fabrique” citizens workshops, adapted from(ERPI, 2012; Ansoff, 1957) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chaire-reves-shared-demonstrator-for-smart-city-based-3dpv44oc.png Fig 4: Chaire REVES’ shared demonstrator for Smart city based on Living Lab concept https://scispace.com/papers/innovative-measures-for-infrastructure-investments-516vlrzw0a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proposed-land-trust-scheme-1pq8l8lm.png Figure 2: Proposed Land Trust Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-did-analysis-and-econometric-results-24a3ex02.png Table 3: DID Analysis and Econometric Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-infrastructure-investment-needs-in-the-asia-and-1tw5zioh.png Table 1: Infrastructure Investment Needs in the Asia and Pacific Region https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimates-of-connectivity-increased-tax-revenues-in-7ja6rivp.png Figure 6: Estimates of Connectivity-Increased Tax Revenues in Kyushu Region https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cost-and-revenue-of-high-speed-rail-project-in-1yb0uqza.png Table 4: Cost and Revenue of High-Speed Rail Project in Taipei,China https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-traditional-land-acquisition-model-3jlnswsv.png Figure 1: Traditional Land Acquisition Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tax-revenues-in-three-cities-along-the-highway-283i639c.png Table 2: Tax Revenues in Three Cities along the Highway https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transport-infrastructure-and-spillover-tax-revenue-1nmblgsb.png Figure 5: Transport Infrastructure and Spillover Tax Revenue https://scispace.com/papers/inoculation-with-highly-related-mycorrhizal-fungal-siblings-qwgy9z5mcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hierarchical-clustering-based-on-mean-nearest-taxon-1305i6ep.png Figure 6: Hierarchical clustering based on Mean Nearest Taxon Distance (MNTD) for paired cassava plants of cultivar MCOL2737 sampled at 3 months (in blue) and 12 months (in green) following inoculation. Red squares indicate a >95% probability of the existence of a cluster using the approximate-unbiased value. Mock corresponds to https://scispace.com/papers/inorganic-caesium-lead-iodide-perovskite-solar-cells-32k4we6hl7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-of-absorbance-spectra-of-films-fabricated-1gz8g9je.png Fig. 2. a) Comparison of absorbance spectra of films fabricated at low and high temperatures (with and without the hydroiodic acid additive) on FTO/compact TiO2 substrate, which is representative of the morphology on all substrates. Inset: magnification of onset. b)Scanning electron micrographs of films fabricated without and witt HI additive, annealed at high and low temperature respectively. Inset: magnification of film fabricated with HI showing small grain size. c) Comparison of XRD spectra of films processed with and without HI. Assigned peaks are marked; peaks labelled with a # are assigned to some yellow phase present due to degradation in the film without HI (full spectrum of yellow phase in SI). d) Magnification of the (110) and (200) peaks to show peak splitting and shoulder in film processed with HI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-solar-cell-properties-a-schematic-of-the-architectures-1uem4un0.png Fig. 2. a) Comparison of absorbance spectra of films fabricated at low and high temperatures (with and without the hydroiodic acid additive) on FTO/compact TiO2 substrate, which is representative of the morphology on all substrates. Inset: magnification of onset. b)Scanning electron micrographs of films fabricated without and witt HI additive, annealed at high and low temperature respectively. Inset: magnification of film fabricated with HI showing small grain size. c) Comparison of XRD spectra of films processed with and without HI. Assigned peaks are marked; peaks labelled with a # are assigned to some yellow phase present due to degradation in the film without HI (full spectrum of yellow phase in SI). d) Magnification of the (110) and (200) peaks to show peak splitting and shoulder in film processed with HI. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hysteresis-in-inorganic-perovskite-solar-cells-current-255l3m06.png Fig. 3. Hysteresis in inorganic perovskite solar cells. Current-voltage characteristics measured at different sweep rates for a) regular planar devices, c) mesoporous titania devices, and e) inverted planar devices. FBSC = scanning from forward bias to short circuit, SC-FB vice versa.. b), d) and f) show stabilisation of current density and hence PCE measured at the maximum power point determined from FB-SC scan at 0.1V/s, compared to the PCE extracted from that JV curve. The final stabilised power output (SPO) is marked on the JV plots as a red circle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-material-properties-of-cspbi3-a-diagrammatic-structure-1lmgm5zc.png Fig 1. Material properties of CsPbI3 a) Diagrammatic structure of CsPbI3 phases 8,30. b) Absorbance spectra of black and yellow phases of CsPbI3 thin films. c) X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) of CsPbI3 thin film in black phase, with peaks assigned to a cubic (Pm-3m) lattice with a=6.1769(3)Å. Peaks marked with * are those assigned to the FTO substrate. The XRD was performed in air, with the perovskite film coated with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to minimise exposure to air and inhibit the transformation into the yellow phase. https://scispace.com/papers/inpatient-glucose-control-a-glycemic-survey-of-126-u-s-5f2tar49rl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-of-non-icu-patient-day-weighted-mean-13k3vgwp.png FIGURE 5. Relationship of non-ICU patient-day-weighted mean POC-BG levels to hospital characteristics. (A) Hospitals with <200 beds had significantly higher patientday-weighted-mean POC-BG values compared to hospitals with 300 to 399 beds (P < 0.05) and 400 beds (P < 0.001). (B) Rural hospitals had significantly higher values than academic (P < 0.05) and urban community (P < 0.001) hospitals. (C) Hospitals in the West had significantly lower values than hospitals in the South and Northeast (both P < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-u-s-and-study-hospitals-cx3ud13w.png TABLE 1. Characteristics of U.S. and Study Hospitals* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-point-of-care-blood-glucose-poc-bg-values-for-a-icu-220mai0n.png FIGURE 1. Point-of-care blood glucose (POC-BG) values for (A) ICU and (B) non-ICU settings. (A) Patient-day-weighted mean POC-BG ¼ 165 mg/dL, n ¼ 126 hospitals. (B) Patientday-weighted mean POC-BG ¼ 166 mg/dL, n ¼ 126 hospitals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-patient-days-where-patient-26xji35m.png FIGURE 2. Percentage of patient-days where patient-dayweighted mean POC-BG value exceeded various cut points for the 126 U.S. hospitals during the January to December 2007 data collection period: (A) ICU and (B) non-ICU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-of-patient-days-where-at-least-1-36ticiri.png FIGURE 3. Percentage of patient-days where at least 1 hypoglycemia event (<70 mg/dL) occurred in 126 U.S. hospitals during the January to December 2007 data collection period: (A) ICU and (B) non-ICU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-of-icu-patient-day-weighted-mean-poc-zwsvgvum.png FIGURE 4. Relationship of ICU patient-day-weighted mean POC-BG levels to hospital characteristics. (A) Hospitals with <200 beds had significantly higher patient-day-weighted mean POC-BG values compared to hospitals with 200 to 299 beds (P < 0.05), 300 to 399 beds (P < 0.01), and 400 beds (P < 0.001); hospitals with 200 to 299 beds also had greater patient-day-weighted mean POC-BG levels than hospitals with 400 beds (P < 0.05). (B) Rural community hospitals had significantly higher values than urban community and academic hospitals (both P < 0.001). (C) Hospitals in the West had significantly lower values than hospitals in the Midwest (P < 0.01) and South (P < 0.001). https://scispace.com/papers/insecticidal-bed-nets-and-filariasis-transmission-in-papua-4ixx2lmoc8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-study-villages-in-east-sepik-province-7e81zpy3.png Figure 1. Location of Study Villages in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-status-of-lymphatic-filariasis-and-use-of-26fv59fc.png Table 1. Status of Lymphatic Filariasis and Use of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets in the Study Villages.* https://scispace.com/papers/inside-the-caucus-an-empirical-analysis-of-mediation-from-l3o35aiq7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-bracketed-offers-2h51gddc.png Table 12: Bracketed Offers https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-case-factors-and-bargaining-2od1qc80.png Table 8: Case Factors and Bargaining https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-negotiation-factors-and-settlement-amounts-1r7tf9m3.png Table 7: Negotiation Factors and Settlement Amounts https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-types-1pks74ur.png Table 1: Case Types https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-negotiation-factors-influencing-bargaining-350m7zbz.png Table 9: Negotiation Factors Influencing Bargaining https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-of-factors-influencing-settlement-3gt8senh.png Table 4: Regression of Factors Influencing Settlement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sequence-of-plaintiffs-and-defendants-offers-and-2atpls16.png Figure 1: Sequence of plaintiff’s and defendant’s offers and settlement amount (normalized) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-of-case-factors-influencing-settlement-1qh5zrm7.png Table 6: Regression of Case Factors Influencing Settlement Amounts https://scispace.com/papers/insights-into-the-li-diffusion-dynamics-and-nanostructuring-4a08a7s8xe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-xrd-pattern-during-phase-2vqzpvtz.png Figure 4. Evolution of the XRD pattern during phase transformation. (a) Anatase TiO2 → Na2Ti3O7 and (b) rutile TiO2 → Na2Ti3O7. The XRD peaks corresponding to anatase and rutile TiO2 phases are indicated by green and yellow shadows, respectively. (c, d) The XRD peak areas of reactants (anatase or rutile TiO2), intermediate (Na2Ti6O13), and product (Na2Ti3O7) as a function of reaction time. The peak areas of anatase TiO2, rutile TiO2, Na2Ti6O13, and Na2Ti3O7 were obtained from major XRD peaks located at 25.28°, 27.51°, 11.84°, and 10.56°. (e) Schematic illustrations showing the kinetic gap during the TiO2 → Na2Ti3O7 phase transformations when anatase and rutile TiO2 were adopted as starting materials, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fitting-parameters-used-to-simulate-the-eis-data-3v3fk4zp.png Table 1. Fitting Parameters Used To Simulate the EIS Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-specific-capacities-of-hto-electrodes-measured-at-ezc3xd3g.png Figure 5. (a) Specific capacities of HTO electrodes measured at various current densities. The Coulombic efficiencies of n-HTO are denoted. (b) First charge/discharge voltage profile of n-HTO at 10 mA g−1. (c) Nyquist plots obtained from electrodes composed of nHTO and μ-HTO. (d) Equivalent circuit model for fitting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dft-calculated-relative-energies-along-the-izahsjuq.png Figure 1. DFT-calculated relative energies along the different migration paths that exist inside the HTO crystal and the corresponding crystal structure of Li-inserted HTO near each path. (a, c) Paths A and C represent Li migration along the a-direction. (b, d) Paths B and D correspond to the movement of Li through channels in the c-direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-discharge-capacities-and-diffusion-constants-of-m-w0obglt9.png Figure 2. (a) Discharge capacities and diffusion constants of μ-HTO as a function of operating temperature. The diffusion constants were determined using the results of the DFT calculations based on Li migration through path Bthe most favorable Li pathway. (b) CV curves for the μ-HTO (measured at 0.05 mV s−1) at operating temperatures of 287 and 315 K. The polarization ranges of the potential are denoted. The evolution of differential charge densities inside the HTO crystal during Li migration through (c) path B and (d) path D. The left image was captured at stable positions, and the right image corresponds to the saddle point with the highest energy level along each Li migration pathway. The brown color indicates a gain of electrons, while the green color shows a loss of electrons. The isosurface levels of all images are 0.1 me Bohr−3. The dotted circles indicate the Li interstitials, and the blue arrows point toward incorporated Li atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-tem-images-of-n-hto-crystals-made-from-p-25-e950d0bu.png Figure 3. (a, b) TEM images of n-HTO crystals made from P 25 with anatase/rutile mixed phases. (c) SEM image of the n-HTO and (d) EDS element mapping results. (e) Schematic illustrations showing the formation of n-HTO driven by the kinetic gap of phase transformation between anatase and rutile TiO2. https://scispace.com/papers/insights-into-the-routing-stability-of-a-multi-hop-wireless-ai3hp98o41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-database-update-router-r08-detects-at-t1-time-a-new-1s5p80a3.png Fig. 3. Database update: router r08 detects at t1 time a new route to reach router r13. It sends a UDP packet to the SQL server to add this information to the database. At t2 time it shifts to a new route, and updates the database with the new entry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dominance-vs-persistence-23syyd9p.png Fig. 8. Dominance vs. persistence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-persistence-of-dominant-route-between-each-pair-of-24fe0yuf.png Fig. 13. Persistence of dominant route between each pair of source-destination at different distances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-of-time-the-dominant-route-was-used-between-qdezjkuk.png Fig. 4. Percentage of time the dominant route was used between each sourcedestination pairs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dominance-vs-oscillation-1hqmgkib.png Fig. 7. Dominance vs. oscillation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-evolution-of-number-of-distinct-routes-with-the-oydpjjjh.png Fig. 12. Evolution of number of distinct routes with the number of hops. Each curve is sorted according to the number of distinct routes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-physical-and-logical-hops-qx1mioz9.png Fig. 11. Physical and logical hops. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-persistence-of-the-five-most-used-routes-for-each-28tjh86y.png Fig. 10. Persistence of the five most used routes for each source-destination pair. https://scispace.com/papers/instance-and-bag-level-manifold-regularization-for-aggregate-4y121ebzfl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-of-experiments-on-ionosphere-with-the-10fweu6j.png Figure 1: Results of experiments on ionosphere, with the instance-level transduction setting. 𝑛𝑏 = 5, 10, 20 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-three-experiment-settings-and-their-descriptions-3mte5p11.png Table 2: Three experiment settings and their descriptions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-experiments-on-ionosphere-with-the-bag-22totwid.png Figure 3: Results of experiments on ionosphere, with the bag-level induction setting. 𝑛𝑏 = 5, 10, 20 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-run-time-for-the-six-algorithms-on-1jckyu0b.png Table 3: Average run time for the six algorithms on ionosphere, with the instance-level transduction setting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-of-experiments-on-ionosphere-with-the-1wcvmhh0.png Figure 2: Results of experiments on ionosphere, with the instance-level induction setting. 𝑛𝑏 = 5, 10, 20 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-example-of-training-dataset-for-aggregate-outputs-12xt9su0.png Table 1: An example of training dataset for aggregate outputs classification. There are 8 instances, each with two features of height and weight of a person. The instances are packed into 2 bags. The aggregated labels show how many males and females in each bag. https://scispace.com/papers/instantiation-of-parameterized-data-structures-for-model-42vm8nzf2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-b4-consistency-proof-obligation-990577ck.png Fig. 3. b4 consistency proof obligation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graph-of-sort-dependency-of-2-18lsrii9.png Fig. 4. Graph of sort dependency of (2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-control-flow-graph-of-the-select-file-operation-1ghkanf9.png Fig. 2. Control-flow graph of the SELECT FILE operation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-the-rewritings-of-the-disjunctive-11gqm6mz.png Table 1. Definition of the rewritings of the disjunctive predicates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-small-b-model-for-the-gsm-11-11-sim-me-interface-ftstp5nl.png Fig. 1. A small B model for the GSM 11-11 SIM - ME interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-consistency-results-for-the-rw1-behaviors-7yp1fzat.png Table 3. Consistency results for the RW1-behaviors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rw1-behaviors-extracted-from-the-example-23a55vv5.png Table 2. RW1-Behaviors extracted from the example https://scispace.com/papers/institution-and-decomposition-of-natural-disaster-impact-on-50vpjxy2q4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-determinants-of-productivity-growth-fixed-effects-1ac5p2sj.png TABLE II Determinants of productivity growth (fixed-effects model) (c) Sample of French legal origin https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-determinants-of-capital-deepening-fixed-effects-a9z9853w.png TABLE III Determinants of capital deepening (fixed-effects model) (a) Whole sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-determinants-of-technological-progress-fixed-effects-3sdrgy6l.png TABLE V Determinants of technological progress (fixed-effects model) (a) Whole sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-determinants-of-efficiency-improvement-fixed-2ii4rxf2.png TABLE IV Determinants of efficiency improvement (fixed-effects model) (c) Sample of French legal origin https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-definition-of-variables-sources-and-descriptive-v58t3ce1.png TABLE I DEFINITION OF VARIABLES, SOURCES, AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-determinants-of-efficiency-improvement-fixed-k0ymdpc8.png TABLE IV Determinants of efficiency improvement (fixed-effects model) (c) Sample of French legal origin https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-determinants-of-capital-deepening-fixed-effects-2d28ah4c.png TABLE III Determinants of capital deepening (fixed-effects model) (a) Whole sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-determinants-of-productivity-growth-fixed-effects-2nxuot0c.png TABLE II Determinants of productivity growth (fixed-effects model) (c) Sample of French legal origin https://scispace.com/papers/institutional-directors-and-the-quality-of-information-the-7mfogdfwl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-the-logistic-regression-for-the-board-of-xmle7xry.png TABLE 5 Results of the Logistic Regression for the Board of Directors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-descriptive-statistics-1w48q9n4.png TABLE 2 Main Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-definition-2ax8fqb6.png TABLE 1 Variable Definition https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2s37cfye.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/papers/institutional-convergence-exit-or-voice-4045oiip7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-convergence-in-economic-freedom-including-legal-3hf8x8a1.png Table 5: Convergence in Economic Freedom: Including Legal Origins https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-convergence-in-economic-freedom-baseline-results-1u7qb0xs.png Table 2: Convergence in Economic Freedom: Baseline Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-convergence-in-economic-freedom-including-yc94nhm9.png Table 4: Convergence in Economic Freedom: Including Fractionalization https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-convergence-in-economic-freedom-politics-and-exit-1m5pktue.png Table 3: Convergence in Economic Freedom: Politics and Exit https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-2l724ubh.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/institutional-and-economic-determinants-of-corporate-social-16rcbfrrh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-analysis-20mdq12f.png Table 7 - Regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-of-continuous-variables-mean-32ojizz3.png Table 4 - Descriptive statistics of continuous variables (mean values) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-of-categorical-independent-2txrjmxs.png Table 5 - Descriptive statistics of categorical independent variables (absolute frequency) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-matrix-of-correlations-2r9plrn7.png Table 6 - Matrix of correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evolution-of-gdp-per-country-15vr7ys1.png Table 2 – Evolution of GDP per country https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-u2c98y4x.png Table 1 – Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-and-measurement-of-independent-variables-2vt3qf75.png Table 3 – Definition and measurement of independent variables https://scispace.com/papers/institutional-quality-conforming-and-evasive-1u09ih3vxh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mediation-model-2x1twyvc.png Figure 1 Mediation model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-ocip79p1.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-panel-data-instrumental-variable-2sls-regressions-2rtmf8ck.png Table 3 Panel data instrumental variable (2SLS) regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mediating-effect-of-evasive-entrepreneurial-activity-285slyis.png Table 4 Mediating effect of evasive entrepreneurial activity (EEA) on the relationship between institutional quality (IQ) and entrepreneurship (E) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-panel-data-instrumental-variable-2sls-regressions-21vhxpb8.png Table 2 Panel data instrumental variable (2SLS) regressions https://scispace.com/papers/institutions-and-co-management-in-east-african-inland-and-2clnwffax7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-malawi-showing-the-major-lakes-and-cities-1ln3de9x.png Figure 1 Map of Malawi showing the major Lakes and cities and selected district headquarter locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fisheries-institutions-from-a-critical-2nxr546l.png Table 1: Fisheries institutions from a critical institutionalism perspective https://scispace.com/papers/insuring-against-health-shocks-health-insurance-and-3s9ukl1120 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-statistics-24pkl83z.png Table 4: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-health-insurance-on-consumption-smoothing-12d0uyfu.png Table 5: Effects of Health Insurance on Consumption Smoothing https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-effects-of-health-insurance-on-out-of-pocket-h582fiqy.png Table 9: Effects of Health Insurance on Out-of-pocket Expenditures, Income and Health https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-implementation-of-the-health-reform-by-county-2qrzx0e3.png Table 1: Implementation of the Health Reform By County https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-implementation-of-the-health-reform-by-households-1hewb1g2.png Table 2: Implementation of the Health Reform By Households https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-counties-by-reform-years-prior-to-38qp7wce.png Table 3: Characteristics of Counties by Reform Years, Prior to the Reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dynamic-effects-of-health-insurance-1mo7jwa7.png Table 7: Dynamic Effects of Health Insurance https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effects-of-health-insurance-on-consumption-smoothing-1f4o8wrg.png Table 8: Effects of Health Insurance on Consumption Smoothing: State-dependent Preferences https://scispace.com/papers/instrumentino-an-open-source-software-for-scientific-4r10gnuins 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-simple-experimental-system-composed-of-a-thermostat-25jxsfoi.png Fig. 1. A simple experimental system, composed of a thermostat and a pressure controller, which are controlled via an Arduino. https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-analysis-of-environment-driven-operational-3d5sllr30r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-sensor-readings-at-release-source-1q4ycjq8.png Figure 19: Sensor Readings at Release Source https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sensor-readings-at-release-source-1vlqnkpz.png Figure 6: Sensor Readings at Release Source https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-sensor-readings-32-81ft-from-source-in-the-general-3nb8ktlc.png Figure 16: Sensor Readings 32.81ft from Source in the General Wind Direction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-sensor-readings-65-61ft-from-source-in-the-general-1clz865a.png Figure 17: Sensor Readings 65.61ft from Source in the General Wind Direction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-sensor-readings-65-61ft-from-source-in-2xzzrowh.png Figure 18: Sensor Readings 65.61ft from Source in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-sensor-readings-at-release-source-1k3q0ib6.png Figure 15: Sensor Readings at Release Source https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-scipuff-readings-at-release-source-for-4u2dex3c.png Figure 23: SCIPUFF Readings at Release Source for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-sensor-readings-43-74ft-from-source-in-the-slcc8hy1.png Figure 21: Sensor Readings 43.74ft from Source in the https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-geophysical-methods-for-groundwater-exploration-hb062zz1ec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-potential-curves-of-the-aftm-for-lines-2-3-and-4-1l1clv6p.png Figure 6. Potential curves of the AFTM for lines 2, 3, and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-resistivity-imaging-upper-geological-interpretation-3ptubnj8.png Figure 7. Resistivity imaging (upper), Geological interpretation for line 1 (lower) 1. Clay, 2. Limestone, 3. Karst fissures, 4. Interbedded limestone and shale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-and-geological-map-of-the-project-area-in-1zfglfi3.png Figure 1. Location and geological map of the project area in Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China 1. Granite, 2-4. Limestone (1, 2, and 3), 5. Dolomite and Limestone (O1) 6. Sandstone and breccia (E), 7. Quaternary, 8. Tai’an City, 9. Wen River, 10. Fault, 11. Guanlu, 12. Momoshan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potential-curves-of-the-aftm-for-lines-1-2-3-4-and-2wth7xnb.png Figure 3. Potential curves of the AFTM for lines 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resistivity-imaging-upper-geological-interpretation-3vbdkerd.png Figure 4. Resistivity imaging (upper), Geological interpretation for profile 5 (lower) 1. Fine sand with gravel, 2. Gravel with fine sand, 3. Limestone, 4. Karst fissures, 5. Interbedded limestone and shale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hydrogeological-map-of-the-survey-site-and-35uh10cz.png Figure 5. Hydrogeological map of the survey site and geophysical profiles 1. Survey site, 2. Surface water direction, 3. Fault, 4. Quaternary, 5-8. Cambrian Limestone, 9. Fissure zone, 10. Survey line direction, 11. Station/ Line No., 12. Recommended borehole, 13. Dip direction and dip. https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-high-speed-intelligent-utility-tie-unit-for-6mc2kv7eij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-iut-operation-procedure-mayh4g2p.png Figure 7.2 IUT operation procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-8-current-amplitude-estimation-for-60-hz-input-with-qf76lt92.png Table 6.8 Current amplitude estimation for 60-Hz input with harmonics (A) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-9-phase-difference-estimation-for-60-hz-input-with-3gb5ytu9.png Table 6.9 Phase difference estimation for 60-Hz input with harmonics (degree) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-6-rls-estim-t-ph-for-lt-at-f2-or-f3-when-fault-1fy1h1dh.png Figure 6.6 RLS estim t ph for lt at F2 or F3 when fault inception angle is (a ) π ) π/2, (d) 3 , (e) (f) 5π , (g) /2, (h π/4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-7-test-circuit-diagram-for-external-fault-1w676itf.png Figure 7.7 Test circuit diagram for external fault https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-frequency-response-of-sine-filte-1vuujpf4.png Figure 5.5 Frequency response of sine filte https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-frequency-response-of-a-second-order-butterworth-114areh4.png Figure 4.6 Frequency response of a second-order Butterworth lowpass filter from experimental result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-response-curve-of-l03s050d15-current-transducer-qvn8exgd.png Figure 4.2 Response curve of L03S050D15 current transducer with 5 turns of primary current carrying conductor https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-services-for-aboriginal-children-and-families-psvbscc6m3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theme-one-a-clear-vision-for-an-aboriginal-children-16xf4zfv.png Table 1: Theme one: A clear vision for an Aboriginal children and families centre. https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-phenotypic-and-mutational-approach-defines-ebf3-jic0927gyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hadds-diagnostic-behavioral-scale-questionnaire-32u8oe85.png Table 1: HADDS-Diagnostic Behavioral Scale Questionnaire https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-suit-test-1-a-study-to-evaluate-effects-of-suit-58tcoqddaq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-rpe-versus-speed-for-different-1-g-equivalent-suit-12kngdp2.png Figure 14: RPE versus speed for different 1-g equivalent suit weights during suited locomotion at Lunar gravity with constant suit pressure (29.6 kPa) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-modified-cooper-harper-ratings-at-varied-pressures-1oqqf4rh.png Figure 8: Modified Cooper-Harper ratings at varied pressures for suited locomotion at the 121 kg suit weight in Lunar gravity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-metabolic-rates-within-speeds-at-different-suit-1tateap1.png Figure 6: Metabolic rates within speeds at different suit pressures for suited locomotion at the 121 kg suit weight at Lunar gravity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-peak-grf-rate-versus-1-g-equivalent-suit-weight-1hacqi54.png Figure 16: Peak GRF rate versus 1-g equivalent suit weight during suited locomotion at Lunar gravity with a constant pressure (29.6 kPa) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-figure-7-rpe-at-varied-pressures-for-suited-1j91qlzf.png Figure 7: Figure 7 - RPE at varied pressures for suited locomotion at the 121 kg suit weight in Lunar gravity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-characteristics-p44rzjql.png Table 1: Subject Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mark-iii-advanced-space-suit-technology-3g67ylex.png Figure 1: Mark III Advanced Space Suit Technology Demonstrator EVA Suit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-hip-average-angular-velocity-versus-suit-pressure-giby9ypu.png Figure 11: Hip average angular velocity versus suit pressure for suited locomotion at the 121 kg suit weight in Lunar gravity https://scispace.com/papers/integrated-strategic-and-tactical-optimization-of-animal-18e189g0ef 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-29-pre-screened-farms-1ehgt3z5.png Fig. 1. Location of the 29 pre-screened farms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-upper-bound-ub-lower-bound-lb-and-gap-after-3-hours-2gm9gh85.png TABLE IV. UPPER BOUND (UB), LOWER BOUND (LB) AND GAP AFTER 3 HOURS FOR SEVERAL VALUES OF C AND N. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameters-1eefw9tp.png TABLE III. PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameters-used-in-the-mathematical-model-66csarl4.png TABLE II. PARAMETERS USED IN THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-used-in-the-mathematical-model-3kvdqyeq.png TABLE I. PARAMETERS USED IN THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-comparison-of-upper-bounds-achieved-by-cplex-and-the-3r0eehl0.png TABLE V. COMPARISON OF UPPER BOUNDS ACHIEVED BY CPLEX AND THE ALNS ALGORITHM. https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-faces-and-fingerprints-for-personal-8kxiixxhho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-results-of-our-minutiae-extraction-algorithm-on-a-3juqt0nw.png Fig. 6. Results of our minutiae extraction algorithm on a fingerprint image (512 ¥ 512) captured with an optical scanner. (a) Input image. (b) Orientation field. (c) Ridge map. (d) Extracted minutiae. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fingerprints-and-minutiae-a-and-b-two-different-2cb3pky7.png Fig. 5. Fingerprints and minutiae. (a) and (b) Two different impressions of the same finger. (c) Ridge ending and ridge bifurcation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-false-reject-rates-frr-on-the-test-set-with-19gydqg3.png TABLE 1 FALSE REJECT RATES (FRR) ON THE TEST SET WITH DIFFERENT VALUES OF FAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-cpu-time-for-one-test-on-a-sun-sparc-20-1bah59rh.png TABLE 2 AVERAGE CPU TIME FOR ONE TEST ON A SUN SPARC 20 WORKSTATION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-impostor-distributions-a-impostor-distribution-for-14laj2aa.png Fig. 10. Impostor distributions. (a) Impostor distribution for fingerprint verification; the mean and standard deviation of the impostor distribution are estimated to be 0.70 and 0.64, respectively. (b) The impostor distribution for face recognition at rank No. 1, where the stars (*) represent empirical data and the solid curve represents the fitted distribution; the mean square error between the empirical distribution and the fitted distribution is 0.0014. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-biometric-characteristics-indicators-a-fqchziue.png Fig. 1. Examples of biometric characteristics (indicators). (a) Face. (b) Facial thermogram. (c) Fingerprint. (d) Hand vein. (e) Retinal scan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-generic-biometric-system-architecture-rjlptzjj.png Fig. 2. A generic biometric system architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-fingerprint-matching-3hc9crdi.png Fig. 7. Fingerprint matching. https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-cache-related-pre-emption-delays-into-analysis-1of952cpfu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-weighted-schedulability-ratio-for-varying-number-of-3idlczp2.png Fig. 8. Weighted schedulability ratio for varying number of tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-weighted-schedulability-ratio-for-varying-number-of-10u8jv84.png Fig. 6. Weighted schedulability ratio for varying number of cache sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-weighted-schedulability-ratio-for-varying-period-range-337mfoj4.png Fig. 7. Weighted schedulability ratio for varying period range. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notations-for-various-sets-of-indices-of-tasks-3jsozr2p.png TABLE I Notations for various sets of indices of tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-weighted-schedulability-ratio-for-varying-block-reload-628rm1os.png Fig. 4. Weighted schedulability ratio for varying block reload time. The vertical black line indicates a change in the scale of the x-as. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-weighted-schedulability-ratio-for-varying-total-cache-29mpwwjn.png Fig. 5. Weighted schedulability ratio for varying total cache utilization. The vertical black line indicates a change in the scale of the x-as. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ratio-of-schedulable-task-sets-versus-the-task-sets-3opvu3ve.png Fig. 3. Ratio of schedulable task sets versus the task sets’ utilization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-overview-of-tasks-that-can-execute-and-affect-the-v4beqm61.png TABLE II Overview of tasks that can execute and affect the execution of task τi in a level-i active period starting at time t = 0 for both FPPS with constrained deadlines and FPTS with arbitrary deadlines, assuming a task τb that blocks τi for FPTS, i.e. b ∈ b(i). https://scispace.com/papers/integrating-the-holocene-tephrostratigraphy-for-east-asia-21x78qvs6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-volcanoes-in-japan-north-korea-china-changbaishan-1f3von1n.png Figure 1: (a) Volcanoes in Japan, North Korea/China (Changbaishan volcano) and South Korea (Ulleungdo volcano) known to have been active during the Holocene (data obtained from VOGRIPA, 2016). Large caldera volcanoes in Japan, which are the sources of the most explosive eruptions, are concentrated on the island of Kyushu (south) and Hokkaido (north). Volcanoes mentioned within the text are coloured orange, and a star denotes the location of Lake Suigetsu. Dispersal boundaries (dashed lines) are shown for Holocene visible tephra layers (white boxes) Ma-b (Mashu volcano), B-Tm (Changbaishan), Iz-Kt (Kozushima), KGP (Kawagodaira), To-Cu (<10 cm isopach, Towada), K-Ah (Kikai) and U-Oki (Ulleungdo), as mapped by Machida and Arai, 1983. (b) Location of the five Mikata lakes, including the study site Lake Suigetsu, which are situated west of the Mikata fault line. The positions of coring campaigns SG93, SG06 and SG14 are also marked on Lake Suigetsu (modified after Nakagawa et al., 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-glass-compositions-normalised-of-the-sg14-holocene-1m0cbzhg.png Table 2. Glass compositions (normalised) of the SG14 Holocene tephra layers identified in this study (FeOT = all Fe reported as FeO). Raw dataset and secondary standards are included in the Supplementary Material. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-major-element-compositions-of-the-tephra-layers-2jhm5tr0.png Figure 6. Major element compositions of the tephra layers within the Holocene sediments of the Lake Suigetsu SG14 core. These tephras are labelled using their SG06/SG14 composite depths. (a) Total alkalis versus silica plot (TAS; with whole-rock classifications based on Le Bas et al., 1986), (b, c, d) Bivariate plots for SiO2, FeOT, K2O and Al2O3 compositions (error bars represent 2 x standard deviation of repeat analyses of the StHs6/80-G MPI-DING standard glass), (e) SiO2, FeOT, K2O compositions of Holocene tephras that have been analysed from Lake Suigetsu (SG06 and SG14) versus stratigraphic position (including data from Smith et al., 2011b; Smith et al., 2013; McLean et al., 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-table-of-the-holocene-tephras-within-the-3gy4ykxo.png Table 1: Summary table of the Holocene tephras within the Lake Suigetsu SG06 and SG14 sediment cores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-glass-shard-major-element-compositions-of-a-b-c-d-28iwf6vm.png Figure 8: Glass shard major element compositions of: (a, b, c, d) tephra layers SG14-1058 and SG06-0226 compared to Changbaishan (B-Tm) glasses (Chen et al., 2016; McLean et al., 2016), and (e, f) tephra layers SG14-0803, SG14-1091 and SG06-1288 (U-Oki ash) compared to Ulleungdo (U-Oki) glasses (Smith et al., 2011b). Proximal compositional fields are labelled by volcano (black) and tephra (grey). Error bars represent 2 x standard deviation of repeat analyses of the StHs6/80-G MPI-DING standard glass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-glass-shard-major-element-compositions-of-tephra-1lemr221.png Figure 9: Glass shard major element compositions of tephra layers SG14-0221 and SG140840 compared to proximal glass compositions from Towada (To-Cu, this study) and Mashu volcano (Ma-b, this study). Glass compositions for other large explosive eruptions from Ulleungdo (U-Oki; Smith et al., 2011b), Kikai (K-Ah, Smith et al., 2013), Aira (AT, Smith et al., 2013) and Changbaishan (McLean et al., 2013) volcanoes are also shown for comparison. Glasses from northern Honshu and Hokkaido have low-K compositions (tholeiite). Volcano (black) and tephra (grey) labels indicate the glasses used to generate the compositional fields. Error bars represent 2 x standard deviation of repeat analyses of the StHs6/80-G MPIDING standard glass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-end-member-glass-4qqpl22g.png Figure 2: Schematic representation of the end member glass morphologies observed in the Lake Suigetsu sequence. Glass shards from an individual layer (i.e. primary isochron) typically possess a uniform shard size and consistent morphology. Glass shards which are both blocky and microvesicular are referred to as pumiceous. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-criteria-used-to-decipher-primary-ash-fall-events-1qh78sdh.png Figure 3: Criteria used to decipher primary ash fall events within the Lake Suigetsu sedimentary sequence (Y=yes, N=no). Peaks in glass concentration that fail these criteria and unlikely to reflect a primary event are marked by A, B, C or D on Figure 4. https://scispace.com/papers/integration-of-a-continuum-damage-model-for-shale-with-the-4910mibsnm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-open-in-figure-viewer-powerpoint-6tnafh5v.png Figure 6 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-open-in-figure-viewer-powerpoint-3qklfghr.png Figure 2 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-open-in-figure-viewer-powerpoint-38uakkvv.png Figure 11 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-3eqtxmfm.png Figure 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-open-in-figure-viewer-powerpoint-3nk8aw2y.png Figure 9 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-open-in-figure-viewer-powerpoint-wo4ehhfz.png Figure 1 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-open-in-figure-viewer-powerpoint-31w1chhn.png Figure 10 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-open-in-figure-viewer-powerpoint-2exlp4tu.png Figure 4 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint https://scispace.com/papers/integration-of-an-lp-solver-into-interval-constraint-1b2v1qlclm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-for-our-approach-we-give-some-additional-details-for-1m2qdoud.png Table 2. For our approach, we give some additional details for the instances that are solved. Beside the size of the search tree (nodes) and the running time (time) which can already be found in Table 1, we give the average size of the basis of the LPs (basis), the average size of the infeasible subsystem (ifs), the time needed by the LP solver (tLPS), and the time needed for the Gaussian elimination (tGauss). Furthermore, we give the total number of linear systems that are declared to be infeasible by the oating point LP solver (#inf) and the number of times our method to certify infeasibility is not successful (#?). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmarks-the-rst-line-indicates-the-solver-for-the-2svk3x3x.png Table 1. Benchmarks: the rst line indicates the solver for the LP, where ICP w/o LPS means that no LP solver is used, i.e. all linear constraints are only handled with the ICPapproach, Neumaier/S that we use the approach proposed by Neumaier and Shcherbina to certify the infeasibility of the linear program and ICP is not used, ICP+our that we use our approach and the ICP-approach of iSAT, rational LPS that we use the rational LP solver Yices and ICP is not used, and our that we use only our approach and ICP is not used. For each version, we provide the size of the search tree (nodes), the running time in seconds (time) and the result (rs), where U means that the solver correctly returned unsatis able and ? that it returned unknown. The running time of the fastest approach was additionally marked with boldface. https://scispace.com/papers/integration-of-foot-mounted-inertial-sensors-into-a-bayesian-2uzy7ax6x6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bayesian-location-estimation-framework-architecture-39qwsqcz.png Fig. 2. Bayesian location estimation framework architecture with upper particle filter (dark gray) and lower Kalman filter for stride estimation (light gray) https://scispace.com/papers/integration-of-insar-and-gpr-techniques-for-monitoring-4hcgudxcbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geographical-framework-of-the-test-site-a-and-the-o2g59foa.png Fig. 1 – Geographical framework of the test site (a) and the truss bridge overpassing the “A14” Italian motorway (b) 227 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-evidence-of-subsidence-at-the-approaches-of-the-198ks2pz.png Fig. 9 – (a) Evidence of subsidence at the approaches of the bridge by InSAR analysis, (b) wing walls detail 338 https://scispace.com/papers/intellectual-property-law-s-plagiarism-fallacy-10wjr8h2q1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ranges-of-means-for-copyright-and-patent-subject-2k1wecuv.png Figure 2. Ranges of means for copyright and patent subject matter by type of property. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-mitigating-factors-on-copying-2k87d5mv.png Figure 1. Effect of mitigating factors on copying permissibility.77 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-participants-responding-that-copying-22dspat8.png Table 3. Percentage of participants responding that copying should be allowed by mitigating factor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-importance-of-complying-with-ip-law-mean-responses-21b228bm.png Figure 3. Importance of complying with IP law (mean responses).117 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-responses-to-whether-copying-is-should-be-337rskec.png Table 4. Mean responses to whether copying is/should be allowed by property type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-responses-to-whether-copying-is-should-be-4psjrwe1.png Table 5. Mean responses to whether copying is/should be allowed for interaction between mitigating factor and viewpoint. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-perceived-basis-for-intellectual-property-rights-160gyzd5.png Table 1. Perceived basis for intellectual property rights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-correlations-between-participant-demographics-and-1e9yjdrs.png Table 8. Correlations between participant demographics and responses to intellectual property law opinions questions. https://scispace.com/papers/intellectual-capital-and-sustainable-development-on-islands-5643lgphi8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-index-of-assets-of-tenerife-in-relation-to-those-of-q9g1p8wy.png Table VI: Index of assets of Tenerife in relation to those of Gran Canaria Category: tourism Category: economic activity Category: social Asset Index Subcategory: agriculture, livestock https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-intangible-assets-of-gran-canaria-3vwvrwi0.png Table III: Intangible assets of Gran Canaria https://scispace.com/papers/integration-or-transformation-looking-in-the-future-of-30uamu9eci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-items-second-survey-round-2pt6vp5t.png Table 3 Distribution of items (second survey round). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-ranking-scale-of-identified-targets-3a122xbe.png Table 2 Description ranking scale of identified targets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-participants-in-delphi-rounds-1oz6vlao.png Table 1 Overview of participants in Delphi rounds. https://scispace.com/papers/intellectual-property-rights-and-international-trade-of-37by2alepg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-ip-index-coefficients-for-bilateral-trade-volumes-1bnhdzxf.png Table A.2: IP Index Coefficients for Bilateral Trade Volumes. Fixed Effects - Gravity Model Estimations for Sub-sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-matrix-of-independent-variables-kfyi2wwg.png Table 1: Correlation Matrix of Independent Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ip-index-coefficients-for-bilateral-trade-relations-2k9a26v8.png Table 8: IP Index Coefficients for Bilateral Trade Relations. Logit - Gravity Model Estimations for Sub-sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-variables-employed-in-the-estimation-exercises-ur7mtcee.png Table A.1: Variables Employed in the Estimation Exercises https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-samples-estimations-of-the-impact-of-ip-2x4l2431.png Figure 2: Different Samples Estimations of the Impact of IP Protection for Total Exports in Agricultural Sub-sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ip-index-coefficients-fixed-effects-estimations-for-1kq7f5js.png Table 3: IP Index Coefficients. Fixed Effects Estimations for Sub-sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-gravity-model-estimations-abnuokzn.png Table 6: Summary of Gravity Model Estimations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-total-bilateral-exports-of-agricultural-products-1qewf7zl.png Table 5: Total Bilateral Exports of Agricultural Products. Gravity Model Estimations https://scispace.com/papers/intellectual-property-rights-globalization-and-growth-34hdhnbgxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distance-to-the-frontier-as-a-function-of-ipr-1xvbuxp2.png Figure 1: Distance to the frontier as a function of IPR quality and volume of R&D capable labor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vertical-r-d-intensity-of-a-closed-economy-j-2bfxri35.png Figure 2: Vertical R&D intensity of a closed - economy j https://scispace.com/papers/intelligent-supervision-for-robust-plan-execution-4ka37p7lwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-basic-control-architecture-2ywhf3mz.png Fig. 2. A basic control architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-two-chronicle-examples-in-the-space-exploration-1b27we5v.png Fig. 7. Two chronicle examples in the space exploration scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-strategy-for-the-active-monitoring-1tpigsnb.png Fig. 6. The strategy for the active monitoring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-daily-mission-plan-2kx53ptr.png Fig. 1. An example of daily mission plan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-results-fnu031bb.png Fig. 8. Experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-improved-control-architecture-1nr4pejd.png Fig. 5. The improved control architecture https://scispace.com/papers/intelligent-surface-threat-identification-system-istis-49kikr6pbx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hypothesis-structure-2ywr4nuq.png Figure 2. Hypothesis structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-istis-ground-truth-scenario-dynamic-map-display-1wng6j2e.png Figure 5. ISTIS Ground Truth Scenario Dynamic Map Display https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-istis-track-information-recommendations-and-alerts-nf3dvy9q.png Figure 6. ISTIS Track Information, Recommendations, and Alerts Display https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-merge-split-example-1fppjztw.png Table 1. Merge-Split Example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-actual-example-of-the-hypothesis-structure-used-3oisvbh3.png Figure 3. An actual example of the hypothesis structure used https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-istis-architecture-2m9mr6be.png Figure 1. ISTIS Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-behaviors-1d9db5nd.png Figure 4. Example Behaviors https://scispace.com/papers/intent-based-service-management-for-heterogeneous-software-4mbzchpb89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-plane-topology-of-the-data-center-sdn-and-d1xdtccx.png FIGURE 2 Data plane topology of the data center SDN and cloud domains considered in the use case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-end-to-end-service-deployment-time-for-246biq21.png TABLE 5 Average end-to-end service deployment time, for different QoS features and cloud or fog domain scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-qos-values-stored-into-the-iot-database-1ff6gi8r.png TABLE 1 Example of QoS values stored into the IoT database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-rtt-at-the-iot-data-plane-dp-control-plane-2nqqgi0b.png TABLE 2 Average RTT at the IoT data plane (DP), control plane (CP) and VIM, and CP processing time for different QoS requirements. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-and-standard-deviation-of-data-plane-dp-one-21h8bnnv.png TABLE 3 Average and standard deviation of data plane (DP) one-way latency computed at the emulated cloud network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reference-nsh-based-transport-architecture-the-role-llcc4u3f.png FIGURE 3 Reference NSH-based transport architecture: the role of Nodes (1) to (4) is shown in the upper left corner. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-response-time-of-the-onos-controller-to-3hinrjfi.png TABLE 4 Average response time of the ONOS controller to execute the intent and flow installation in the data center SDN network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-nbi-response-time-and-95-confidence-1g3ku7j4.png FIGURE 7 Average NBI response time and 95% confidence interval at the SDN/cloud VIM with increasing number of service chain requests. https://scispace.com/papers/interacting-networks-of-resistance-virulence-and-core-150mihbmm3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-phylogeny-of-the-m1-lineage-and-the-distribution-of-34ewor20.png Fig 7. Phylogeny of the M1 lineage and the distribution of minor/major alleles in the SNP loci involved in the 20 most highly ranked significant couplings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-couplings-between-sites-in-different-200hci59.png Fig 4. Distribution of couplings between sites in different PBPs. The red markers are defined as in Fig 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-divergence-between-theoretical-and-empirical-1ryk8h7d.png Fig 1. Divergence between theoretical and empirical distributions of coupling strengths between sites. Left panel (A) shows the two distributions such that the vertical axis corresponds to the log10 probability of a coupling coefficient exceeding the value of the curve on the horizontal axis. The dashed vertical line depicts the significance threshold; 5199 out of 102,551 couplings exceed the threshold. Right panel (B) displays the absolute difference between the fitted cumulative Gumbel distribution and the empirical cumulative distribution (on log10-scale) as a function of the coupling strength. The dashed vertical line marks the smallest coupling (0.129) which has a difference of more than six standard deviations among the first 50,000 empirical-Gumbel differences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-divergence-between-theoretical-and-empirical-3w15ut6b.png Fig 6. Divergence between theoretical and empirical distributions of coupling strengths between sites for S. pyogenes, defined as in Fig 1. Left panel shows the distributions for the 324 locus data set and right panel for the 5078 locus data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-structural-models-of-pbp1a-pbp2x-pbp2b-with-the-100-3fy4di4n.png Fig 5. Structural models of pbp1a, pbp2x, pbp2b with the 100 strongest couplings listed in S3 Table indicated. The figures show the transpeptidase domains of each PBP with catalytic/active site residues shown in cyan and coupled positions as sticks with other colors. Active site bound antibiotic/inhibitor is rendered as a space-filling volume when present in the crystal structure. Panels A-D depict: pbp1a with couplings to pbp2x, green colored residues are coupled with green residues in panel B; orange colored residues in B are coupled with both green and yellow residues in A (A), pbp2x with couplings to pbp1a (B), pbp2x with couplings to pbp2b in orange (C), pbp2b with couplings to pbp2x in orange (D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-5199-significant-couplings-shown-by-lines-13axih92.png Fig 2. The 5199 significant couplings shown by lines connecting genomic positions which are indexed in kilobases by the running numbering. The thickness of lines is proportional to the number of linked positions within the corresponding chromosomal elements. The red markers show the positions of sites identified in an earlier GWAS study of resistance determining variation in the pneumococcal genomes. The green markers indicate locations of protein coding sequences where significant couplings are present. Gene annotations shown outside the circle are centered at the positions of the corresponding genes. https://scispace.com/papers/interaction-between-genetic-and-environmental-risk-factors-1go15lkrtq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-survival-curves-of-205-patients-discharged-after-out-1w7v1o0g.png Fig. 2. Survival curves of 205 patients discharged after out-ofhospital resuscitation (see Fig. 1) separating patients with cardiac arrest as a result of myocardial infarction (n = 52, bottom curve) and patients with a primary cardiac arrest, without infarction (n = 153, top curve). Of 35 patients no diagnosis was available. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-survival-curves-of-230-patients-after-out-of-hospital-u1hanfve.png Fig. 3. Survival curves of 230 patients after out-of-hospital resuscitation: from top to bottom - patients who suffered from a cardiac arrest in the presence of emergency paramedics (n = 68), patients resuscitated by physicians (n = 70). patients who had a cardiac arrest before arrival of emergency paramedics (n = 44) and patients resuscitated by lay-men (n = 48). https://scispace.com/papers/interaction-of-novel-metal-complexes-with-dna-synthetic-and-1fhfdr34it 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ligands-2-and-the-corresponding-mononuclear-metal-2ke5dbzd.png Fig. 1. Ligands 2 and the corresponding mononuclear metal complexes 1 used for the induction of the left-handed Z-DNA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-model-of-cu-ii-5-gmp-as-suggested-by-pulsed-epr-184llnf1.png Fig. 4. Model of Cu(ii)–5’-GMP as suggested by pulsed EPR techniques. Measured distances and used technique: Cu – H(H2Oequatorial): 2.5±0.1 Å by HYSCORE, Cu–H(8): 3.1±0.1 Å by HYSCORE, Cu–P: 5.3±0.2 Å by Mims ENDOR. https://scispace.com/papers/interactions-between-heavy-mesons-and-goldstone-bosons-from-4gid654t6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-scattering-lengths-in-four-channels-zgp0a1if.png Fig. 2. Comparison of the scattering lengths in four channels with the lattice data. We give the results for LO, NLO and unitarized ChPT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chiral-extrapolation-for-the-leading-order-results-1884mqqt.png Fig. 3. Chiral extrapolation for the leading order results (dashedlines) and the full UChPT calculation (bands) compared withthe lattice data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-coefficients-in-the-scattering-amplitudes-here-s-31scfqtd.png Table 1. The coefficients in the scattering amplitudes. Here,S (I) denotes the total strangeness (isospin) of the two–meson system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-s-wave-scattering-lengths-from-calculations-at-3eo4t3yf.png Table 2. The S-wave scattering lengths from calculations at LO and NLO (units are fm). The results using unitarized amplitudes aralso given in the two columns denoted by UChPT and CUChPT, representingone–channel and coupled–channel unitarized chiral perturba ion theory, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-chiral-extrapolation-for-the-leading-order-results-1siy0cbb.png Fig. 4. Chiral extrapolation for the leading order results (dashedlines) and the full CUChPT calculation (bands) for the(0, 1/2) Dπ and the (1, 0) DK channels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-positions-of-poles-with-the-largest-impact-on-3t73gqk0.png Table 4. Positions of poles with the largest impact on physical observables from the coupled channel calculations for two parameter sets. Vii = 0 denotes the results for a calculation where the diagonal interac ions were switched off. Here the second (third) Riemann sheet for the (0, 1/2) case is defined by Im(qDπ)<0, Im(qDη)>0, and Im(qDsK̄ )>0 (Im(qDπ)<0, Im(qDη)<0, and Im(qDsK̄ )>0), and that for the(1, 1) case is defined by Im(qDsπ)<0, and Im(qDK)>0 (Im(qDsπ)<0, and Im(qDK )<0). All masses/energies are given in MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-real-parts-imaginary-parts-and-riemann-sheet-rs-of-1ez7gg48.png Table 3. Real parts, imaginary parts and Riemann sheet (RS) of the pole positions for the one–channel calculations for two parameter sets. All masses/energies are given in MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-typical-trajectories-ofs-matrix-poles-in-the-3hnnyhxx.png Fig. 1. Sketch of typical trajectories ofS–matrix poles in the second Riemann sheet of the complexs–plane for energy-dependent potentials when some strength parameter is changed. See text for meaning of the labels. The dashed vertical line indicates the position of the elastic scattering threshold and the thick horizontal line the resulting unitarity cut. https://scispace.com/papers/interactions-of-a-polyanion-with-a-cationic-micelle-5dsuk87ei7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-the-micelle-concentrationa-aqmpr9sl.png TABLE 2: Effect of the Micelle Concentrationa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagram-of-conformational-states-for-the-micelle-3mffpxwj.png Figure 4. Diagram of conformational states for the micelle-chain complex as a function of the total persistence length of the isolated chain divided by the micelle diameterLp,cal/2σp and the surface charge density of the micelleσ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-adsorption-desorption-limit-of-1k3lbtke.png Figure 5. Comparison of the adsorption-desorption limit of the polyelectrolyte/micelle system computed by Monte Carlo simulations and corresponding experimental data (PVAS chain (poly(vinyl alcohol) partially sulfonated) on an oppositely charged DMDAO micelle (dimethyldodecylamine oxide) in the sphere regime.20 Monte Carlo simulations are obtained with two different micelle-to-chain ratios equal to 4 and 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coarse-grain-model-and-equivalent-atomistic-1sbfrn4o.png Figure 1. Coarse-grain model and equivalent atomistic description of the DMDAO-PVAS system. (qm is the monomer charge equal to 0 or-1e according to the linear charge density of the chainf, which is equal to 0.8; charge delocalization was evaluated as 2.3 Å from the monomer center; σm is the monomer radius equal to 1.27 Å; the number of monomer isN) 454.) (σp is the micelle radius equal to 25 Å, andσ is the micelle surface charge density varying from 4.5 to 200.4 mC‚m-2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-snapshots-of-equilibrated-conformations-and-the-26rua8qj.png Figure 2. Snapshots of equilibrated conformations and the corresponding total persistence lengthLp,cal (orientational correlation functions) at different Debye lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-monomers-in-trains-a-loops-b-and-tails-c-2cgxyuf3.png Figure 6. Number of monomers in trains (a), loops (b), and tails (c) as a function of the Debye length at different micelle charge densitiesσ for the polyelectrolyte/micelle complex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-expansion-factor-ree2-rg2-of-the-isolated-2sc35k0k.png Figure 3. (a) Expansion factor ) 〈Ree2〉/〈Rg2〉 of the isolated flexible chain versus the Debye length.r ) 12 corresponds to a rigid rod, andr ) 6 corresponds to a random walk. The expansion factorr evolved from 6.5 at low Debye length to 11.3 at high Debye length, corresponding to a stretching of the chain. (b) Representation of the persistence length of the isolated flexible chain versus the Debye length. (The contour length of the chain is 1153 Å.) The total persistence length of the chainLp,cal is the sum of an intrinsic contribution (L0,cal) and an electrostatic contribution (Le,cal). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-normalized-chargeq-q-of-the-polyelectrolyte-micelle-28xvpehl.png Figure 8. Normalized chargeQ*/Q of the polyelectrolyte/micelle complex with respect to the Debye length at different micelle charge densities σ. The net charge of the polyelectrolyte/micelle complexQ* is defined byQ* ) Q - (Ntrain* f ‚e). https://scispace.com/papers/interactive-effects-of-pesticide-exposure-and-habitat-3yyf81i3no 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-two-factor-analysis-of-variance-on-the-effects-of-3ud9l68n.png Table 1 Two-factor analysis of variance on the effects of pesticide concentration and habitat structure on prey mortality at 60 min https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-proportion-of-larvae-mean-se-with-behavioral-dou6hr3l.png Fig. 1 The proportion of larvae (mean ? SE) with behavioral swimming abnormalities at the end of a 4 h exposure to esfenvalerate (n = 65). Pesticide nominal concentrations: solvent control, low (0.12 lg/L), medium (0.59 lg/L), high (1.18 lg/L). Abnormal behaviors were characterized primarily by twitching and convulsions. Letters denote significant pairwise differences among treatments. Behavioral observations were made on three random test vessels (each with 10 larvae) from each concentration across 6 replicates for a sample size of 65 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-predation-on-topsmelt-larvae-mean-se-after-60-min-a-29y3j0ma.png Fig. 2 Predation on topsmelt larvae (mean ? SE) after 60 min: a effect of nominal pesticide concentrations on predation: solvent control, low (0.12 lg/L), medium (0.59 lg/ L), high (1.18 lg/L), b effect of habitat structure on predation. Letters denote significant pairwise differences among treatments (n = 180) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-of-aggregative-prey-behavior-by-pesticide-pbvldpzu.png Fig. 4 Frequency of aggregative prey behavior by pesticide concentration and habitat structure. Degree of aggregation was categorized as high degree of aggregation (1), moderate aggregation (2), and low aggregation (3) (see Materials and Methods). Nominal pesticide concentrations: solvent control, low (0.12 lg/L), medium (0.59 lg/L), high (1.18 lg/L; n = 180) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-two-factor-analysis-of-variance-on-the-effects-of-1dwvn65t.png Table 2 Two-factor analysis of variance on the effects of pesticide concentration and habitat structure on the proportion of successful predator strikes and the total number of strikes after 10 min https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nominal-pesticide-concentration-and-habitat-structure-330dcqoy.png Fig. 3 Nominal pesticide concentration and habitat structure versus the number of successful (light gray) and unsuccessful (dark gray) predator strikes which sum to the total number of strikes (mean ? SE): a solvent control, b low (0.12 lg/L), c medium (0.59 lg/L), d and high (1.18 lg/L) pesticide concentrations (n = 180) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chi-square-tests-comparing-the-degree-of-aggregative-2cg7xsqu.png Table 3 Chi square tests comparing the degree of aggregative prey behavior by pesticide concentration and habitat treatment https://scispace.com/papers/interannual-variation-in-season-length-is-linked-to-strong-26cj0lcp3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-summary-of-studies-documenting-counter-cngv-or-co-spfwwqwz.png Table 4. A summary of studies documenting counter (CnGV) or co-gradient (CoGV) patterns of plant phenology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phenology-of-naturally-occurring-rhinanthus-minor-3ouixm3m.png Table 1. Phenology of naturally occurring Rhinanthus minor from 13 sites across an elevational gradient of season length in the Canadian Rockies is predicted by annual growing degree days (S) and year (Y; Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-covariation-of-phenological-traits-and-2qmei61w.png Table 2. Analysis of covariation of phenological traits and mean growing season length experienced by source populations (SP) among montane populations of Rhinanthus minor planted at nine destination sites (D) indicates low to moderate clinal differentiation in phenology among source populations (Fig. 5). na, not applicable. https://scispace.com/papers/interactive-volumetric-information-visualization-for-28duh70g89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-3-and-4-show-the-visualization-of-similarities-to-3aznmok3.png Figures 3 and 4 show the visualization of similarities to commodities and gold prices, foreign exchange rate, and the Federal Reserve Bank. In Figure 3, similarity to commodities, foreign exchange rate, and Federal Reserve Bank were respectively mapped to the X axis, Y axis, and to color. Initial analysis of the gure shows that there is not a direct relationship between the themes of commodity prices and foreign exchange rate. More detailed analysis of the gure shows that there is a relationship between the themes of foreign exchange rate and Federal Reserve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-polhemus-sensor-with-attached-buttons-2l0jg0pd.png Figure 2: Polhemus sensor with attached buttons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-user-using-the-two-handed-stereo-interface-to-sfa-3bfdmca2.png Figure 1: A user using the two-handed stereo interface to SFA. https://scispace.com/papers/intercultural-cybercommunication-negotiation-of-dq1ao6746e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-domains-of-intercultural-communicative-competence-juv4nyxz.png Table 1 Domains of intercultural communicative competence https://scispace.com/papers/interface-of-alcohol-and-risky-sexual-behaviour-among-h59uvpze77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-ratios-of-density-of-drinking-x9mlq874.png Table 1. Prevalence Ratios of density of drinking establishments and HIV prevalence by neighborhoods, Luderitz, Namibia, 2005-2009. https://scispace.com/papers/interface-design-approach-for-system-on-chip-based-on-3dk85eut3d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-generic-transfer-chronogram-14j2vb1v.png Figure 3: generic transfer chronogram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-soc-architecture-2zriyroq.png Figure 1: SoC architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interface-entity-fz6b40am.png Figure 2: Interface entity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bus-communication-performance-2wn52brq.png Table 1: Bus communication performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-results-virtex-xcv800-3sft5j3q.png Table 2: Experimental results (Virtex XCV800) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-granularity-impact-for-a-dct-accelerator-2m6s7jq0.png Figure 5: Granularity impact for a DCT accelerator https://scispace.com/papers/interfacial-area-transport-and-regime-transition-in-1gl2hehalr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7-design-of-the-header-26vbn325.png Figure 2.7. Design of the Header https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-31-a-the-measurement-scheme-used-to-obtain-local-2pp3dz5z.png Figure 3.31 a) The measurement scheme used to obtain local two-phase flow parameters in the horizontal section b) Instrumentation port for horizontal two-phase flow measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-51-curve-of-constant-pump-head-required-to-achieve-1xmeu4fa.png Figure 3.51 Curve of constant pump head required to achieve counter-current flow in vertical downward section of combinatorial channels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-18-comparison-of-two-phase-pressure-drop-across-45-18zttf6a.png Figure 3.18 Comparison of two-phase pressure drop across 45-degree horizontal elbow with newly developed correlation predictions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-17-comparison-of-two-phase-pressure-drop-across-90-32r1ck52.png Figure 3.17 Comparison of two-phase pressure drop across 90-degree horizontal elbow with newly developed correlation predictions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-photographic-image-of-the-measurement-port-used-3r6ylrlz.png Figure 3.3 Photographic image of the measurement port used in vertical sections along with the conductivity probe installed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-general-schematic-of-two-phase-injector-bag56rrz.png Figure 2.5. General Schematic of Two-Phase Injector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-18-strain-gage-type-pressure-transducer-7nrf6bre.png Figure 2.18. Strain gage type pressure transducer https://scispace.com/papers/interface-oral-health-science-2009-3gjpgmira6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-12-schematic-image-of-the-aft-between-bmp-2-and-tbp-24-fle2y2mu.png Fig. 3.12 Schematic image of the AFT between BMP-2 and TBP [24] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-7-schematic-diagrams-of-alveolar-do-a-horizontal-do-b-2d8wro0s.png Fig. 2.7 Schematic diagrams of alveolar DO. (a) Horizontal DO, (b) Vertical DO, (c) Vertical DO for vertical and horizontal bone augmentation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-7-mechanical-anchoring-a-and-chemical-bonding-b-3vv60d5z.png Fig. 5.7 Mechanical anchoring (a) and chemical bonding (b) between bone and material https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-8-the-evolution-of-surface-treatment-techniques-to-2n9ynf4t.png Fig. 5.8 The evolution of surface treatment techniques to improve hard tissue compatibility at the research level https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-1-a-histological-longitudinal-slice-through-a-human-1w1rjhah.png Fig. 11.1 A histological longitudinal slice through a human molar tooth with annotations to highlight surfaces and junctions or interfaces inside and around the tooth organ. (1) Dentine to Periodontal ligament interface; (2) PDL/cementum interface; (3) Cementum/bone junction; (4) Dentine/pulp junction; (5) Gingiva boundary; (6) Enamel boundary; (7) Dentine/ enamel junction; (8) Gingiva/enamel interface. Image reproduced from: http://www.uky.edu/ ~brmacp/oralhist/module8/ lab/imgshtml/image02.htm and http://www.ammedicine.com/2013/12/anillustrative-notepowerpoint.html https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-5-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-guided-bone-regeneration-1y3ajafr.png Fig. 2.5 A schematic diagram of the guided bone regeneration technique, (a) Mucoperiosteal flap, (b) GBR membrane, (c) Bone graft material, (d ) Host bone bed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-4-youngs-moduli-of-cold-rolled-ti-29nb13ta-4-6zr-ig4nae43.png Fig. 7.4 Young’s moduli of cold-rolled Ti-29Nb13Ta-4.6Zr alloys (mass%) without and with different Y2O3 additions as a function of content [21] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3-s-n-curves-of-cold-rolled-ti-29nb-13ta-4-6zr-alloys-23s263ud.png Fig. 7.3 S-N curves of cold-rolled Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloys (mass%) without and with different Y2O3 additions which are shown as contents [21] https://scispace.com/papers/interfacial-areas-and-gas-hold-ups-in-bubble-columns-and-45c516ov47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-interfacial-areas-in-a-dea-solution-partially-loaded-pxog8euk.png Fig. 16. Interfacial areas in a DEA solution partially loaded with CO* vs. the reactor pressure in the packed bubble column. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-danckwerts-plots-for-the-bubble-1tfd6pjg.png TABLE 2. Results of the Danckwerts plots for the bubble column at a pressure of 0.15 MPa aDEAl = 0.10-1.10 mol kg-‘) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-between-literature-correlations-for-35wm0vaj.png Fig. 13. Comparison between literature correlations for interfacial areas and the data of the present study: curve 1, Akita and Yoshida [18]; curve 2, Idogawa et al. [ 131. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gas-hold-ups-in-a-dea-solution-partially-loaded-with-a4q6byck.png Fig. 5. Gas hold-ups in a DEA solution partially loaded with CO, vs. the reactor pressure in the bubble column. https://scispace.com/papers/interfacial-fluctuation-dissipation-processes-and-contact-1xfxkd7yvj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-relative-displacement-between-the-2wgkddnf.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the relative displacement between the surface molecules (the rectangles) during the capillary wave motion. https://scispace.com/papers/interfacial-free-volume-and-vitrification-reduction-in-tg-in-2w9relu6o8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fraction-of-interfacial-free-interface-as-a-2a1v90jz.png Figure 2. Fraction of interfacial free interface as a function of the experimentally determined interfacial free volume.18 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-temperature-dependence-of-the-free-volume-holes-2wistpyd.png Figure 1. Temperature dependence of the free volume holes diffusion coefficient of PS taken from ref 29. The diffusion coefficient is calculated as a sum of a VFT and an Arrhenius law: log D = log D0(VFT) + B/(T − T0) + log D0(Arr) + Ea/kT, with B = 1000 K, T0 = 341 K, D0(VFT) = 302 cm 2/s, Ea = 190 kJ/mol, and D0(Arr) = 1.8 × 10 15 cm2/s. https://scispace.com/papers/interfacial-slip-friction-at-a-fluid-solid-cylindrical-595wqdij25 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-system-3mqj0vmz.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-slip-length-as-a-function-of-cnt-diameter-using-261cv48s.png FIG. 4. The slip length as a function of CNT diameter using both EMD and NEMD methods. The dashed line is the slip length on a planar graphene surface.35 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-density-of-the-fluid-in-the-radial-direction-for-the-3-3lx2e187.png FIG. 5. Density of the fluid in the radial direction for the 3 smallest and 3 widest CNTs simulated. Bulk fluid reduced number density is 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-slip-length-as-a-function-of-external-field-for-2znfijdq.png FIG. 3. The slip length as a function of external field for the 11 CNTs studied using NEMD simulations. Also, included the slip length on a planar graphene surface (gra).35 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-slab-cm-velocity-acf-for-a-short-time-the-armchair-9cw8tr4x.png FIG. 2. Slab CM velocity ACF for a short time. The armchair chirality vector33 and the radius of each CNT in nm are indicated on the plot. https://scispace.com/papers/interfacial-stabilization-for-inverted-perovskite-solar-22wxkukl56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-and-b-secondary-ion-mass-spectrometry-sims-1r5j8oua.png Figure 5. a) and b) Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profiles of I- and Ag+ ions for the C60 control device (a) and Cl6SubPc/C60 device (b) before and after aging; c) and d) lateral EELS mapping of the aged C60 control device (c) and Cl6SubPc/C60 (d) device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cross-sectional-cryo-transmission-electron-3qsuuawg.png Figure 2. a) Cross sectional Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a device with PEAI treated perovskite and Cl6SubPc/C60 ETLs; b) Cryo-TEM image of the enlarged area marked by blue frame in (a); c) Cryo-HRTEM image of the 3D region marked in (b); d) Cryo-HRTEM image of the 2D region marked in (b). Inserts in (c) and (d) are the corresponding fast Fourier transform (FFT) patterns; e) Atomicresolution TEM image of the marked area in (c), showing 3D crystal structure of the perovskite. The inserted structural model of typical cubic lattice well matches with the TEM image; f) Atomic-resolution TEM image of the marked area in (d), showing clearly the layered structure of the 2D perovskite with interlayer distance of 7.1Å, which is consistent with the values from the single crystal structure; g) Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping of the fresh devices with 3D/2D perovskite and Cl6SubPc/C60 ETLs. The Cl and N signal demonstrate that the Cl6SubPc is mixed with the C60 film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-pl-decay-dynamics-for-the-3d-2d-perovskites-2zagoghl.png Figure 3. a-c) PL decay dynamics for the 3D/2D perovskites with different interlayers as noted in the figures. The excitation from glass and perovskites sides were recorded for comparison. “PVK side” indicates the excitation is from perovskite side and “Glass side” means the excitation is from glass side. d) UPS spectra for the 3D and 3D/2D perovskites as well as C60 and Cl6SubPc ETLs prepared on Si substrates; e) Energy level alignments of the various layers, the VBM, CBM and EF values were calculated from the UPS results, data for BCP/Ag were cited from literature; f) t-DOS characteristics for C60 control and Cl6SubPc/C60 ETLs based PSCs; g) Open circuit voltage (Voc) as function of illumination intensity for the C60 control and Cl6SubPc/C60 ETLs based PSCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-device-architecture-of-the-inverted-planar-2kf1yj5w.png Figure 1. a) Device architecture of the inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs); b) Molecular structures of the C60 and chlorinated macrocyclic molecule (Cl6SubPc) ETLs; c) J-V curves of the PSCs with various ETLs (reverse scan) under 1 sun illumination; d-e) J-V curves of the optimal 3D/2D/C60 (d) and 3D/2D/Cl6SubPc/C60 (e) devices under reverse and forward scan directions; f) Device performance statistics for 3D/2D/C60 and 3D/2D/Cl6SubPc/C60 devices; g) Steady power output (SPO) of the optimal 3D/2D/C60 and 3D/2D/Cl6SubPc/C60 devices test at the bias of maximum power point; h) EQE spectra for the optimal 3D/2D/C60 and 3D/2D/Cl6SubPc/C60 devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-light-stability-tests-of-the-control-c60-devices-1q23495p.png Figure 4. a) Light stability tests of the control C60 devices (6 cells) and Cl6SubPc/C60 devices (6 cells) in inert atmosphere. The devices were un-encapsulated, and the I-V cures were recorded at certain time intervals; b) Thermal stability tests of the control C60 devices (6 cells) and Cl6SubPc/C60 devices (8 cells) at 80 oC under inert and dark environment; c) Damp heat stability tests of the encapsulated control C60 devices (5 cells) and Cl6SubPc/C60 devices (5 cells); d) Outdoor stability tests of the encapsulated control C60 devices (5 cells) and Cl6SubPc/C60 devices (9 cells) following the ISOSO-1 protocol standard; e) Light stability of encapsulated Cl6SubPc/C60 cell in ambient under continuous 1 sun illumination and maximum power point tracking (MPPT). https://scispace.com/papers/interference-of-bulk-and-boundary-scattering-in-films-with-a-d633boc8uz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-interference-contribution-xj-eq-16-for-j-1-5-pwe3oag5.png FIG. 1. Relative interference contribution Xj, Eq. (16), for j = 1; 5; 9 as a function of the size of the surface inhomogeneities paR for paL = 30 and PoLb = 100 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-interference-contribution-to-transport-time-2dtu2c3k.png FIG. 4. Relative interference contribution to transport time, Xtri Eq. (35), as a function of the size of the inhomogeneities paR for pof = 0.1, PoLb = 10, Tfr/Tb = 1.5, and three values of the film thickness, paL = 5; 10; 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-interference-contribution-to-transport-time-2ue6a9x3.png FIG. 5. Relative interference contribution to transport time, Xtri Eq. (35), as a function of the bulk free path PoLb at constant ratio Tfr /Tb = 1.5. The inhomogeneities are characterized by paR = 10, pof = 0.1; the film thickness is paL = 5; 20. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-interference-contribution-to-transport-time-uorqqmy4.png FIG. 6. Relative interference contribution to transport time, Xtri Eq. (35), as a function of the film thickness paL for pof = 0.1, PoLb = 20, Tfr/Tb = 1.5, and two values of the correlation radius, PoR = 20; 50. https://scispace.com/papers/interference-cancellation-for-hollow-core-fiber-reference-85280rjxgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-measurement-setup-for-feasibility-tests-using-a-hollow-2x4h2fax.png Fig. 1. Measurement setup for feasibility tests using a hollow core fiber gas cell. Att is an attenuator, IS is the intensity stabilizer, and TIA is a transimpedance amplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measurement-setup-using-low-pressure-acetylene-filled-30jrvtm1.png Fig. 2. Measurement setup using low-pressure acetylene-filled hollow core fiber gas cell and laser power modulation. Att is the attenuator, and TIA is the transimpedance amplifier. PLL is phase-locked loop electronics and PPLN WG is periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-ac-dc-ratio-in-the-scan-over-the-acetylene-p16-line-1eq6n1b9.png Fig. 8. AC/dc ratio in the scan over the acetylene P16 line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-lock-in-detected-sub-doppler-resonance-the-data-are-2f0336rx.png Fig. 10. Lock-in detected sub-Doppler resonance. The data are plotted shifted by 2.5 MHz, because of the different frequency shifts from the two AOMs. The missing of data at −37.5 MHz is due to an instability of a counter reading at a zero-crossing point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-recorded-dc-signal-in-the-scan-over-the-acetylene-p16-19fbdwis.png Fig. 6. Recorded dc signal in the scan over the acetylene P16 line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-recorded-ac-signal-in-the-scan-over-the-acetylene-p16-1cdys1j1.png Fig. 7. Recorded ac signal in the scan over the acetylene P16 line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ac-dc-ratio-in-the-central-part-of-the-scan-over-1fzqhkbc.png Fig. 9. AC/dc ratio in the central part of the scan over acetylene P16 line with Lorenz fit. A fitted line has been subtracted before the Lorenz fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-recorded-intensity-at-detector-over-a-wavelength-scan-3lwoyifk.png Fig. 4. Recorded intensity at detector over a wavelength scan in arbitrary units. Upper graph is without piezo modulation and lower is with both piezos on. The remaining shape is a combination of CO2 absorption spectrum and interference effects. CO2 has an absorption at 1572.02 [R(18) rotational line associated with [0000] → [3001] vibrational transition]. The wavelength scale is approximate in this experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/intermediary-asset-pricing-new-evidence-from-many-asset-3p2j1n4mq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-expected-returns-and-risk-exposure-by-asset-class-2syosxap.png Table 9: Expected Returns and Risk Exposure by Asset Class: AEM Leverage Factor Average excess returns µi−rf , and risk exposures (betas) to the Adrian et al. (2014a) leverage factor (AEM) and to the excess return on the market (βi,W ), across portfolios in each asset class. The quarterly sample is 1970Q1–2012Q4. The intermediary capital ratio is the ratio of total market equity to total market assets (book debt plus market equity) of primary dealer holding companies. Shocks to capital ratio are defined as AR(1) innovations in the capital ratio, scaled by the lagged capital ratio. The AEM leverage factor, defined as the seasonally adjusted growth rate in broker-dealer book leverage level from Flow of Funds, is from its authors. Betas are estimated in a first-stage time-series regression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cross-sectional-asset-pricing-tests-by-asset-class-1w6pejj7.png Table 5: Cross-sectional Asset Pricing Tests by Asset Class https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intermediary-capital-measures-comparison-1f72tq1i.png Figure 4: Intermediary Capital Measures Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-horse-races-with-the-aem-leverage-factor-30mc5h4b.png Table 10: Horse-races with the AEM Leverage Factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-predictive-regressions-by-asset-class-2b28qy76.png Table 14: Predictive Regressions by Asset Class https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-cross-sectional-tests-at-the-monthly-frequency-2m294diz.png Table 13: Cross-sectional Tests at the Monthly Frequency https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-cross-sectional-tests-without-an-intercept-2jv2ofjo.png Table 18: Cross-sectional Tests without an Intercept https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-primary-dealers-are-special-a-placebo-test-3jbfltt6.png Table 6: Primary Dealers are Special: a Placebo Test https://scispace.com/papers/intergroup-structure-and-identity-management-among-ethnic-e4ddbuywwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multiple-regression-analysis-with-group-feelings-on-r46n36j1.png Table 4. Multiple regression analysis with group feelings on the thermometer measure as dependent variables: Standardized regression coefficients (beta) for the Turkish-Dutch participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-for-the-different-2qsf68u0.png Table 1. Means, and standard deviations for the different measures for the ethnically Dutch and the TurkishDutch participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hierachical-regression-analyses-with-the-status-2ajm3tz7.png Table 3. Hierachical regression analyses with the status-irrelevant and relevant stereotype dimensions as dependent variables: Standardized regression coefficients (beta) for the Turkish-Dutch participants https://scispace.com/papers/international-business-research-and-risky-investments-an-4qm6ri6mi2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-correlation-matrix3-vsqgh8yp.png Table A.1 Correlation Matrix3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-determinants-of-fdi-in-conflict-zones-using-24bwz3iq.png Table 3B: determinants of FDI in conflict zones (using herfindahl of Shareholding) https://scispace.com/papers/international-best-practices-for-implementing-and-designing-2wkjqgjn8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-koreas-rec-weighting-scheme-3qtjmrok.png Table 4. Korea’s REC Weighting Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-state-rpss-24c5yvvz.png Figure 3. Map of state RPSs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-rps-targets-internationally-by-inkuo4za.png Figure 1. Distribution of RPS targets internationally, by terminal year date and percentage of renewable energy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-types-of-renewable-energy-potential-3nhq815c.png Figure 2. Types of renewable energy potential https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-koreas-rps-interim-targets-8ud7hasb.png Table 3. Korea’s RPS Interim Targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-key-components-of-an-rps-2ocpssnx.png Table 2. Examples of Key Components of an RPS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-growth-in-non-hydropower-renewable-generation-from-2h8oyjpb.png Figure 4. Growth in non-hydropower renewable generation from 2000 to 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-annual-and-cumulative-rps-capacity-additions-by-1qw5vc3f.png Figure 5. Annual and cumulative RPS capacity additions by technology https://scispace.com/papers/international-diversification-and-return-predictability-4mg8ry0kez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-efficient-frontier-oqglagia.png Figure 1: Efficient Frontier https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-in-sample-results-38he5jkb.png Table 2: In-Sample Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-myopically-versus-dynamically-optimal-portfolios-365o4dlo.png Table 4: Myopically versus Dynamically Optimal Portfolios https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-portfolio-performance-all-countries-70havd9h.png Table 3: Portfolio Performance (All Countries) https://scispace.com/papers/international-implications-of-labeling-foods-containing-28i7t8jor2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-enm-food-applications-currently-3cjdr0ol.png Table 1. Examples of ENM food applications currently available. This list is not exhaustive of all ENMs in foods and food products but rather aims to provide a snapshot of some ENM-food applications available for consumer purchase. ENM = engineered nanomaterial https://scispace.com/papers/international-shocks-variable-markups-and-domestic-prices-33e7qfb4k8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robustness-alternative-samples-and-variables-hv1heyhq.png Table 5: Robustness: alternative samples and variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-alternative-measures-of-competitor-prices-1rq5mlgm.png Table 6: Robustness: alternative measures of competitor prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-alternative-instrument-sets-32yuo5jl.png Table 3: Alternative instrument sets https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-exchange-rate-pass-through-in-the-quantitative-model-ny6e5n86.png Table 8: Exchange rate pass-through in the quantitative model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-quality-and-productivity-upgrading-34vwki12.png Table 4: Robustness: quality and productivity upgrading https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-strategic-complementarities-heterogeneity-27ps1ae1.png Table 2: Strategic complementarities: heterogeneity https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strategic-complementarities-baseline-estimates-klpysf9k.png Table 1: Strategic complementarities: baseline estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-strategic-complementarities-in-the-quantitative-1fbbld5r.png Table 7: Strategic complementarities in the quantitative model https://scispace.com/papers/international-modis-and-airs-processing-package-imapp-a-4sf4fslvk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-imapp-airs-single-fov-modis-and-goes-retrieval-of-2u05np68.png Figure 4. IMAPP AIRS single FOV, MODIS and GOES retrieval of temperature and water vapor of 620 mb on 2 September 2003. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-airs-level-1b-color-composite-and-cloud-mask-3fnusy1s.png Figure 3. AIRS level 1B color composite and cloud mask derived from MODIS single filed of view (spatial resolution of ~ 1km at nadir) cloud mask pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-airs-amsu-and-hsb-level-1-brightness-temperatures-3fppva8n.png Figure 2. AIRS, AMSU and HSB level 1 brightness temperatures as produced by IMAPP software over North America on 20 July 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-imapp-products-from-terra-modis-16-april-2003-2mkq72n8.png Figure 1. IMAPP products from Terra MODIS, 16 April 2003. Middle panel: true color image, upper left: cloud mask, upper right: cloud phase, lower left: total https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-current-and-upcoming-imapp-modis-and-airs-2a5xmrjc.png Table 1. Summary of current and upcoming IMAPP MODIS and AIRS product algorithms. https://scispace.com/papers/international-protection-of-intellectual-property-3ofxct4fed 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-efficient-harmonization-versus-nash-equilibrium-37t4dwcn.png Figure 3: Efficient Harmonization versus Nash Equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nash-equilibrium-with-continuous-best-response-in-3asvr0sd.png Figure 1: Nash Equilibrium with Continuous Best Response in North https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nash-equilibrium-with-discontinous-best-response-in-30xht6fi.png Figure 2: Nash Equilibrium with Discontinous Best Response in North https://scispace.com/papers/internationalisation-strategy-implemented-through-faculty-3kh8x3tkde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-attitudinal-rollercoaster-of-a-strategic-27wkgnuy.png Figure 5: The Attitudinal Rollercoaster of a Strategic Entrepreneur https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cameron-freeman-s-model-of-culture-types-for-14w23niq.png Figure 3: Cameron & Freeman's Model of Culture Types for Organizations https://scispace.com/papers/international-stays-abroad-collaborations-and-the-return-of-4dq3qp575b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-country-destinations-by-length-of-the-stay-zw1jwvrz.png Table 4. Country destinations by length of the stay https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-regression-2wadl1ds.png Table 7. Regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-categories-of-the-types-of-collaborations-ubh8rb9n.png Table 3. Categories of the types of collaborations (Collaboration dynamics) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-duration-of-the-stay-and-collaboration-dynamics-of-1zyvuuvf.png Table 6. Duration of the stay and collaboration dynamics of research projects and co-authorships https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-public-funding-for-r-d-distributed-by-national-1py9n8a7.png Table 1. Public funding for R&D distributed by national authorities (AGE) and Human Resources program (in millions EUR) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-3032jhyl.png Table 5. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-the-population-and-sample-of-the-r-d-3gh170cw.png Table 2. Distribution of the population and sample of the R&D Applicants https://scispace.com/papers/international-standards-for-programmes-of-training-in-31z9bvj5y2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-consensus-development-process-and-outcomes-1anc3pra.png Fig. 1 Consensus development process and outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-final-set-of-standards-hsk440y8.png Table 1 The final set of standards https://scispace.com/papers/interpersonal-instrumental-emotion-regulation-1gdoyvxkr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-preferences-for-emotion-inducing-stimuli-for-the-other-2hct6asz.png Fig. 6. Preferences for emotion-inducing stimuli for the other as a function of relationship condition (partnership vs. rivalry) and game condition (shooting vs. dancing). Error bars represent +/−1 standard error of the mean (Study 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-preferences-for-emotion-inducing-stimuli-for-the-other-1x9ezneb.png Fig. 1. Preferences for emotion-inducing stimuli for the other as a function of condition (partnership vs. rivalry). Error bars represent +/−1 standard error of the mean (Study 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-preferences-for-anger-inducing-stimuli-for-the-other-2k3jy26l.png Fig. 2. Preferences for anger-inducing stimuli for the other, as a function of condition (partnership vs. rivalry) and the belief that anger can increase aggressive performance (+/−1 SD from the mean; Study 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-preferences-for-stimuli-that-induce-anger-top-panel-29x62doz.png Fig. 8. Preferences for stimuli that induce anger (top panel), happiness (middle panel), or fear (bottom panel) in the other in the dancing game, as a function of condition (partnership vs. rivalry) and the belief that anger, happiness, or fear can improve the other participant's game performance (+/−1 SD from the mean; Study 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-preferences-for-stimuli-that-induce-anger-top-panel-18frub3l.png Fig. 7. Preferences for stimuli that induce anger (top panel), happiness (middle panel), or fear (bottom panel) in the other in the shooting game, as a function of condition (partnership vs. rivalry) and the belief that anger, happiness, or fear can promote the other participant's game performance (+/−1 SD from the mean; Study 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-preferences-for-emotion-inducing-stimuli-for-the-other-12exg25q.png Fig. 4. Preferences for emotion-inducing stimuli for the other, as a function of condition (gain vs. loss). Error bars represent +/−1 standard error of the mean (Study 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-preferences-for-stimuli-that-induce-anger-top-panel-or-14n2w8po.png Fig. 5. Preferences for stimuli that induce anger (top panel) or fear (bottom panel) in the other, as a function of condition (gain vs. loss) and the belief that anger or fear can increase aggressive performance (+/−1 SD from the mean; Study 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-preferences-for-anger-and-fear-in-the-other-left-panel-17jeeq5s.png Fig. 3. Preferences for anger and fear in the other (left panel) and in the self (right panel), as a function of condition (gain vs. loss). Error bars represent +/−1 standard error of themean (Study 2). https://scispace.com/papers/interplay-of-morphology-composition-and-optical-properties-5q2g5yymt9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-geometry-as-obtained-from-hrstem-analysis-the-necnc3q1.png FIG. 4. Geometry as obtained from HRSTEM analysis. The pyramidal QD is situated on top of the wetting layer and shows a linearly increasing In concentration from bottom (lighter blue) to top (darker blue), whereas the Ga and Al contents decrease accordingly. The wetting layer has a height of 1 nm and a slightly smaller In content than the bottom of the QD. The QD-wetting-layer system is embedded in a quaternary barrier material with an even smaller In concentration (light blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-in-and-b-al-concentration-maps-from-a-scan-across-y8bfo1pe.png FIG. 3. (a) In and (b) Al concentration maps from a scan across the TEM lamella in the vicinity of QD A. The given In and Al concentrations represent averages in transmission direction through the TEM specimen. Results of horizontal line scans through the center of the QD in panels (a) and (b) are shown as (c) and (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-low-temperature-10-k-macro-pl-spectrum-taken-at-an-27rlsqxw.png FIG. 1. Low-temperature (10 K) macro-PL spectrum taken at an excitation power of 52 W/cm2. The inset: three-dimensional atomic force microscopy image (2×2 μm2) of an uncapped QD structure showing a minimum (6.47 nm) and a maximum (16.8 nm) height of the QDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-overview-image-of-the-tem-specimen-b-image-of-the-bfcsibbi.png FIG. 2. (a) Overview image of the TEM specimen. (b) Image of the active region including QDs B and C. The wetting layer between the QDs exhibits fluctuations of the In concentration. (c) and (d) Images of QDs A and B, showing a pyramidal contrast of the QDs. For all QDs, we find In diffusion into the top barrier indicated by stripes with slightly increased intensity (marked by the arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-and-b-calculated-strain-components-exx-and-ezz-along-31todugo.png FIG. 5. (a) and (b) Calculated strain components εxx and εzz along a cross section through the center of the investigated quaternary QD of Fig. 4. (c) and (d) Strain components εxx and εzz for a binary InAs/GaAs QD of the same size and shape shown for comparison. To determine the strain, we follow Ref. [44] and use εij = aInParef afinal ij −aInP https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variation-of-single-particle-quasiparticle-band-gap-eg-3f3o0r7r.png FIG. 6. Variation of single-particle/quasiparticle band-gap EG for different QD side lengths of the rectangular basis with a constant diameter-to-height ratio (bottom axis) and for different In concentrations (top axis) at the base of the pyramid. https://scispace.com/papers/interpretation-of-the-results-of-surface-water-quality-14yer99u6q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-processed-water-bodies-monitoring-2cfy56w2.png Table 1. Summary of processed water bodies - monitoring stations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-principal-component-analysis-of-the-61njulwe.png Table 2. Results of the principal component analysis of the investigated water bodies https://scispace.com/papers/interpreting-and-comparing-convolutional-neural-networks-a-5fuxdhhdlu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-cross-performance-measurement-on-bus-boat-input-3plxe6r7.png Figure 16: Cross performance measurement on Bus & Boat input class https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-performance-measurement-on-v-ase-input-class-86t3jykv.png Figure 14: Performance measurement on V ase input class https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-cross-performance-measurement-on-lamp-cat-input-jrdwc5c1.png Figure 15: Cross performance measurement on Lamp & Cat input class https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-3-layer-wise-distribution-of-each-type-of-2uqj4uwd.png Figure 8: Top 3 Layer wise distribution of each type of concepts for VGG11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-performance-measurement-on-bench-input-class-1jtiyh1t.png Figure 12: Performance measurement on bench input class https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-performance-measurement-on-refrigerator-input-4bmxntv1.png Figure 13: Performance measurement on Refrigerator input class https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-3-layer-wise-distribution-of-each-type-of-12kg3y5e.png Figure 3: Top 3 Layer wise distribution of each type of concepts for AlexNet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-each-label-type-included-in-the-data-r7shbyaa.png Table 1: Statistics of each label type included in the data set[8]. https://scispace.com/papers/interpreting-ionic-conductivity-for-polymer-electrolyte-fuel-5d51qnlzkl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-set-up-for-h-n2-2-eis-b-u0e6kks9.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the set-up for H N2 2/ EIS, (b) conventional TLM for a single pore and (c) the total equivalent circuit used in this study, which is adopted from Ref. 19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-effective-ionic-conductivities-for-catalyst-21fe83bm.png Figure 7. (a) Effective ionic conductivities for catalyst layers of MEA 1 and MEA 2 in the RH range from 50% to 120% (b) effective ionic conductivities for catalyst layers of MEA 2 and MEA 3 in the RH range from 50% to 120% (c) double layer capacitances for catalyst layers of MEA 1 and MEA 2 at 100% RH. (d) double layer capacitances for catalyst layer of MEA 2 and MEA 3 at 100% RH. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-section-sem-image-of-a-pcl-pressed-onto-the-xq3fb3wj.png Figure 2. Cross section SEM image of a PCL pressed onto the membane with I/C ratio of 0.6 where PCL is hot pressed onto a PEM (top), Pt and C EDS mapping (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-polarization-curves-from-pefc-model-for-i-c-1-at-50-2r5d0x4o.png Figure 6. Polarization curves from PEFC model for I/C = 1 at 50% and 75% RH by using the effective ionic conductivity from EIS and HP AC measurements. A significant difference in current density is observed, which is due to the much higher effective ionic conductivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nyquist-plots-over-the-rh-range-of-50-120-at-an-mbq2p7m2.png Figure 3. Nyquist plots over the RH range of 50–120% at an applied potential of 0.2 V for PCLs with an I/C ratio of: (a) I/C = 0.3, (b) I/C = 0.6, (c) I/C = 1.0, and (d) I/C = 1.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effective-ionic-conductivity-comparison-between-the-3u98scy4.png Figure 8. Effective ionic conductivity comparison between the PCL (without Pt) and Pt/C layer (with Pt) for (a) low I/C ratio (I/C = 0.3 for PCL and I/C = 0.4 for Pt/C) and (b) high I/C ratio of 1.2 for PCL and Pt/C in a RH range from 50% to 120%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-effective-ionic-conductivity-for-pcls-for-a-range-2vu9d8pi.png Figure 4. (a) Effective ionic conductivity for PCLs for a range of I/C ratios and RH from 50 to 120%, (b) comparison of PCLs effective ionic conductivity measured by EIS (solid line) and AC HP (dash line), where the AC HP data is reproduced from our earlier study,20 (c) the ratio between the PCLs effective ionic conductivities measured by EIS and HP as a function of RH. Tortuosity values calculated by using effective ionic conductivities of PCLs measured by EIS and AC HP under (d) 50% RH and (e) 100% RH for I/C = 0.6, I/C = 1.0 and I/C = 1.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematics-of-a-ac-or-dc-hp-and-b-eis-experimental-3fr5hysw.png Figure 5. Schematics of (a) AC or DC HP and (b) EIS experimental set ups and a representative schematic of ionomer percolation through the PCLs at low and high RH. https://scispace.com/papers/interpreting-real-exchange-rate-movements-in-transition-1fevjzhbx5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-explaining-movements-in-the-real-effective-exchange-39cktug0.png Table 2. Explaining Movements in the Real Effective Exchange Rate, 1993–1998 1/ https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pooled-mean-group-estimates-for-eastern-europe-bsw3bveb.png Table 4. Pooled Mean Group Estimates for Eastern Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pooled-mean-group-estimates-for-eastern-europe-1rd0pql7.png Table 3. Pooled Mean Group Estimates for Eastern Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-pooled-mean-group-estimates-for-eastern-europe-tmt40cij.png Table 10. Pooled Mean Group Estimates for Eastern Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-pooled-mean-group-estimates-for-eastern-europe-1xnlxgwm.png Table 9. Pooled mean group estimates for Eastern Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-pooled-mean-group-estimates-for-eastern-europe-vpjcwdkq.png Table 7. Pooled Mean Group Estimates for Eastern Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-pooled-mean-group-estimates-for-eastern-europe-2thlh9dr.png Table 8. Pooled Mean Group Estimates for Eastern Europe https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pooled-mean-group-estimates-for-other-transition-16prz4wk.png Table 6. Pooled Mean Group Estimates for other Transition Countries https://scispace.com/papers/interval-hulls-of-n-matrices-and-almost-p-matrices-2q0h820xz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-results-here-j-denotes-a-nonempty-proper-185m990y.png Table 1 Summary of results. Here, J denotes a nonempty proper subset of 〈n〉 = {1, . . . , n}. https://scispace.com/papers/intonation-systems-across-varieties-of-english-41m79bmgwh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-3-waveform-spectrogram-and-f0-track-for-a-sentence-2i0hlpbq.png Figure 19.3. Waveform, spectrogram, and f0 track for a sentence of read speech in SgE (D’Imperio and German 2015: Fig. 1b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-6-late-rise-uptalk-contour-new-zealand-english-2p64njuc.png Figure 19.6. Late rise uptalk contour, New Zealand English (Warren 2016: Fig 4.2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-5-fall-rise-uptalk-contour-australian-english-9ukgkl4h.png Figure 19.5 Fall-rise uptalk contour, Australian English (Warren 2016: Fig 4.1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-4-intonation-patterns-for-yes-no-questions-in-1ovf7x09.png Figure 19.4. Intonation patterns for yes/no questions in Fijian and Standard English (from Tent and Mugler (2008: 249)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-1-tonal-representations-and-stylized-f0-contours-3mp9vn5d.png Figure 19.1. Tonal representations and stylized f0 contours for three stress patterns in a declarative context (adapted from Wee (2016: ex. 15d)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-2-tonal-representations-and-stylized-f0-contours-1bufyo58.png Figure 19.2. Tonal representations and stylized f0 contours for three stress patterns in a polar interrogative context (adapted from Wee (2016: ex. 15g)). https://scispace.com/papers/intra-annual-tree-ring-parameters-indicating-differences-in-3t3n718rqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kryucbdb.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1hnxg20i.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hqx1wj4m.png Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-31875wt6.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mohswxho.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-20s2s9w6.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-22t4cdt7.png Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2s12v612.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/intravenous-solutions-for-exploration-missions-1tb6owxown 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fluid-requirements-to-treat-two-crewmembers-with-h28ktdeu.png Table 4: Fluid requirements to treat two crewmembers with major injuries/illnesses during a Mars mission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-final-fluid-volume-recommendations-for-exploration-3cz3zecq.png Table 5: Final fluid volume recommendations for exploration missions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fluid-requirements-to-treat-two-crewmembers-with-2t2fw7d5.png Table 2: Fluid requirements to treat two crewmembers with major injuries/illnesses on the Lunar Sortie. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fluid-requirements-to-treat-two-crewmembers-with-7pd2gmdn.png Table 3: Fluid requirements to treat two crewmembers with major injuries/illnesses during a Lunar Habitat mission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fluid-requirements-to-treat-two-crewmembers-with-lwkr5n7e.png Table 1: Fluid requirements to treat two crewmembers with major injuries/illnesses on the ISS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-efficacy-of-various-methods-of-water-purification-296paol7.png Table 6: Efficacy of various methods of water purification. https://scispace.com/papers/intraperitoneal-and-intra-nasal-vaccination-of-mice-with-qcm7kwdfs0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-assessment-of-tachyzoite-viability-by-detection-and-27sbos0a.png Fig. 3. Assessment of tachyzoite viability by detection and quantification of NcGRA2 transcripts in the brain tissues of the different treatment groups vaccinated by intra-nasal immunization with cholera toxin adjuvant. *=P<0.05 as compared to the cholera toxin-treated group. Error bars indicate S.D. Note the strongly reduced parasite viability detected in the recNcPDI vaccinated group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cerebral-parasite-load-in-the-different-treatment-2xj7se31.png Fig. 2. Cerebral parasite load in the different treatment groups as assessed by real-time PCR (amplification of genomic DNA). The corresponding experimental groups of intra-peritoneally (i.p.) and intransally (i.n.) vaccinated mice are directly compared. Statistically significant differences are indicated. *=P<0.05 as compared to the corresponding adjuvant-treated group, x=P<0.05, as compared to the recNcPDI-treated group of intraperitoneally vaccinated mice. Note the strongly reduced cerebral parasite burden in the group receiving the intra-nasally applied recNcPDI vaccine. Error bars indicate S.D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-survival-curves-of-the-different-treatment-groups-24v4l57y.png Fig. 1. Survival curves of the different treatment groups following experimental infection with 1r106 Neospora caninum tachyzoites. (A) Mice were vaccinated intra-peritoneally either with PBS (control), saponin adjuvants, recNcPDI, recNcROP2 or recNcMAG1 in saponin adjuvants. (B) Mice were vaccinated intra-nasally with PBS (control), cholera toxin, recNcPDI, recNcROP2 or recNcMAG1 resuspended in cholera toxin. The asterisk in (A) indicates the statistical difference (P<0.05) of the recNcPDI-vaccinated group compared with the group vaccinated with recNcROP2 in intraperitoneally vaccinated mice. Note the high protective effect (90%) achieved with the intra-nasally applied recNcPDI vaccine in (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-serological-analysis-total-igg-igg1-igg2a-of-all-mice-1g2jf3yu.png Fig. 4. Serological analysis (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) of all mice in all experimental groups. Serum samples were taken either following vaccination before infection (BI), or at the time of death following experimental infection (PI). ELISA wells were coated with Nc-antigen. Mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with antigens emulsified in saponin, or vaccinated intra-nasally (i.n.) with antigens emulsified in cholera toxin. 1 and 1k indicate that in mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with recNcROP2, only IgG1- levels increased significantly after infection, while in the corresponding intra-nasally vaccinated mice, both IgG1 and IgG2a levels increased significantly. 2 and 2k indicate that mice immunized intraperitoneally with recNcMAG1 exhibited a significant increase of both IgG1 and IgG2a after challenge, but in intra-nasally vaccinated mice, only IgG2a was significantly elevated after infection. 3 and 3k indicate that in recNcPDI-vaccinated mice, intraperitoneal as well as intra-nasal immunization and subsequent challenge infection also resulted in significant increase of both IgG1 and IgG2a, but in intraperitoneally vaccinated animals the values of IgG2a were higher than those for IgG1, while in intra-nasally vaccinated mice, IgG1 levels were higher than those for IgG2a. *=P<0.05 as compared to BI-sera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detection-of-iga-reacting-with-nc-antigen-by-elisa-in-1ras6d0x.png Fig. 5. Detection of IgA reacting with Nc-antigen by ELISA in sera in vaccinated mice; i.p.=intraperitoneal immunization, i.n.=intra-nasal immunization. BI=sera taken before infection, PI sera taken after infection prior to death. Error bars indicate S.D. *=P<0.05 when comparing the differences between BI and PI sera of each group; x=P<0.05 as compared to the cholera toxin-treated group. https://scispace.com/papers/introduction-sensitivities-of-marine-food-webs-and-2og3qco5wk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-participants-of-imber-imbizo-ii-at-the-hellenic-center-xc5egzdp.png Fig. 1. Participants of IMBER IMBIZO II at the Hellenic Center for Marine Research in Crete Greece, 10–14 October 2010. https://scispace.com/papers/introductory-lecture-atmospheric-chemistry-in-the-23l45pen2g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-some-health-impacts-associated-with-inhalation-of-fine-3jrycy1b.png Fig. 6 Some health impacts associated with inhalation of fine and ultrafine particles. Adapted from ref. 51. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-schematic-of-the-role-of-organics-in-new-particle-2xk6rh9w.png Fig. 19 Schematic of the role of organics in new particle formation and growth from sulfuric acid and amines. Adapted from ref. 513. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-one-classification-scheme-for-organic-compounds-by-2spqxbvp.png Fig. 14 One classification scheme for organic compounds by volatility. Adapted from ref. 379. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-partial-mechanism-of-oxidation-of-dimethylsulfide-11gprqgk.png Fig. 21 Partial mechanism of oxidation of dimethylsulfide leading to the formation of methanesulfonic acid (MSA). Adapted from ref. 525. https://scispace.com/papers/inventories-and-the-business-cycle-an-equilibrium-analysis-2f43gqg0h9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-business-cycles-with-no-inventories-baseline-2cma0oke.png Table 5: Business cycles with no inventories, baseline inventories and high inventories* https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-inventory-results-for-the-baseline-model-2ay2a7x1.png Table 4: Inventory results for the baseline model* https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gdp-final-sales-and-inventories-in-the-postwar-u-s-utwjgog7.png Table 3: GDP, final sales and inventories in the postwar U.S. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-results-2kbdtj9l.png Table 6: Robustness Results* https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-parameter-values-31nyk49b.png Table 1: Baseline parameter values* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-final-goods-firms-in-baseline-2lu1b8ut.png Table 2: Distribution of final goods firms in baseline inventory steady-state https://scispace.com/papers/inverse-potts-model-improves-accuracy-of-phylogenetic-3uqiz1qqos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-lists-of-the-top-5-og-pairs-detected-by-the-1p9epefi.png Table 1: The lists of the top 5 OG pairs detected by the combination of all three evaluation measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-overall-discrimination-performances-of-2neibdc0.png Figure 2: (A-C) Overall discrimination performances of integrated evaluation measures using the AUC scores. The x-axis represents the th value, which defines positive dataset. The y-axis represents the AUROC score. (A), (B), and (C) panels represent results for the archaea, micrococcales, and fungi datasets, respectively. (D-F) Prediction performances for highly ranked OG pairs of integrated evaluation measures (th = 0.7). The x-axis represents the M value. The y-axis represents the PPV. (D), (E), and (F) panels represent results for the archaea, micrococcales, and fungi datasets, respectively. The gray and black colors represent the highest single evaluation measure and integrated evaluation measure, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-c-overall-discrimination-performances-of-each-f00r1ux4.png Figure 1: (A-C) Overall discrimination performances of each evaluation measure using the AUC scores. The x-axis represents the th value, which defines positive dataset. The y-axis represents the AUROC score. (A), (B), and (C) panels represent results for the archaea, micrococcales, and fungi datasets, respectively. (D-F) Prediction performances for highly ranked OG pairs of each evaluation measure (th = 0.7). The x-axis represents the M value. The y-axis represents the PPV. (D), (E), and (F) panels represent results for the archaea, micrococcales, and fungi datasets, respectively. The yellow, blue, green, and red colors represent SMI, EMI, SDI, and EDI, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-carbon-materials-nanostructure-using-image-1mbalmxbca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-zoom-of-an-artificial-image-made-of-a-stacking-of-27s1ewgy.png Figure 5: zoom of an artificial image made of a stacking of concentric circles, local orientation and Mean Orientation Difference diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polar-representation-of-the-spatial-lag-used-in-the-321zjm40.png Figure 1. Polar representation of the spatial lag (𝜌,) used in the case of the rotation invariant formulation 𝑅𝐼𝑀𝑂𝐷. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determination-of-and-from-various-artificial-lattice-2fwk9xd8.png Table 1: determination of 𝐿𝑐𝑀𝑂𝐷, 𝐿𝑎𝑀𝑂𝐷and 𝛽𝑀𝑂𝐷 from various artificial lattice fringe images. 𝑛 is the number of domains in the image and 𝐷 is the mean domain size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-orientation-difference-diagram-corresponding-y8okew4q.png Figure 4: Mean orientation difference diagram corresponding to an image with columnar domains and zoom of the corresponding image and of the local orientation map. The size of the full image used for orientation statistics computing is 2048×2048 pixels (5742 nm²). It https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coherence-lengths-determined-using-the-mean-3h3wtlvr.png Table 2: coherence lengths determined using the Mean Orientation Difference; average orientation angle 𝛽𝑀𝑂𝐷 and coherence lengths determined by XRD for both PyCs. Provided uncertainties for the RIMOD method are the standard deviations estimated over 10 images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-zoom-of-an-hrtem-image-for-the-rel-pyc-left-and-1crlje71.png Figure 11: zoom of an HRTEM image for the ReL PyC (left) and detected fringes (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-iso-level-polar-graphs-computed-on-the-four-carbon-30cfqy0d.png Figure 10: 𝑅𝐼𝑀𝑂𝐷 iso-level polar graphs computed on the four carbon images (ReL, RL, SL and CFiber, from top left to bottom right). The graphs represent the distance ρ (in nanometers) at which feature 𝑅𝐼𝑀𝑂𝐷 reaches a value of θ degrees. θ is taken in the range 1° – 9° for materials ReL and RL and in the range 0° – 35° for materials SL and CFiber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-0deg-and-90deg-for-the-two-images-in-2fszsig6.png Figure 3: Plots of 𝑅𝐼𝑀𝑂𝐷(𝜌, 0°) and 𝑅𝐼𝑀𝑂𝐷(𝜌, 90°) for the two images in figure 2, high textured (left) and isotropic sample (right), dotted lines correspond to the parameters MOD , LcMOD and LaMOD. https://scispace.com/papers/inversion-of-phaseless-total-field-data-using-a-two-step-3q2k5ut3lm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-g-fran-es-hini-et-al-inversion-of-phaseless-total-eld-2j5ygohr.png Fig. 11 - G. Fran es hini et al., Inversion of phaseless total eld data using ... https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-g-fran-es-hini-et-al-inversion-of-phaseless-total-eld-k2vjy2ce.png Fig. 1 - G. Fran es hini et al., Inversion of phaseless total eld data using ... https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-g-fran-es-hini-et-al-inversion-of-phaseless-total-eld-3rvw33dw.png Fig. 4 - G. Fran es hini et al., Inversion of phaseless total eld data using ... https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ii-g-fran-es-hini-et-al-inversion-of-phaseless-total-2y7y7o83.png Fig. 5(II ) - G. Fran es hini et al., Inversion of phaseless total eld data using ... https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-g-fran-es-hini-et-al-inversion-of-phaseless-total-eld-2fyocfii.png Fig. 14 - G. Fran es hini et al., Inversion of phaseless total eld data using ... https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-g-fran-es-hini-et-al-inversion-of-phaseless-total-eld-rumjq1um.png Fig. 13 - G. Fran es hini et al., Inversion of phaseless total eld data using ... https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-ii-g-fran-es-hini-et-al-inversion-of-phaseless-total-20x40c1n.png Fig. 9(II ) - G. Fran es hini et al., Inversion of phaseless total eld data using ... https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-g-fran-es-hini-et-al-inversion-of-phaseless-total-eld-3oo2421b.png Fig. 6 - G. Fran es hini et al., Inversion of phaseless total eld data using ... https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-customer-facing-security-features-on-south-2w3en4xa2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-videos-per-e-vendor-2iyetwss.png Table 4. Videos per e-Vendor https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-website-security-analysis-criteria-x8i2vkd5.png Table 1. Website Security Analysis Criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-website-account-security-ijidxjy9.png Table 3. Website Account Security https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-five-key-predictive-text-entry-with-combined-2epd9e9qx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nine-key-unigram-prediction-time-and-speed-1f64m9s6.png Table 3: nine-key unigram prediction time and speed https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-predicted-words-per-minute-for-5-key-pad-using-mo6rx5j2.png Table 8: Predicted words-per-minute for 5-key pad using different prediction models These tables show that, averaged over the two collections, our initial simple https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nokia-5110-iso-standard-9-key-keypad-wydi6v2e.png Figure 2: Nokia 5110 ISO standard 9-key keypad https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-predicted-words-per-minute-for-9-key-pad-using-8xnbue20.png Table 7: Predicted words-per-minute for 9-key pad using different prediction models https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-revised-klm-models-adjusting-for-distance-3q8tgel3.png Table 6:revised KLM models adjusting for distance calculations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-ranked-list-position-of-required-word-in-the-34kyabmn.png Table 1: average ranked list position of required word in The Herald collection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-five-key-and-nine-key-prototypes-as-used-in-user-3pd2huk0.png Figure 5: five-key and nine-key prototypes as used in user study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-user-averaged-text-entry-speed-over-last-eight-1b829ojx.png Figure 6: user-averaged text entry speed over last eight phrases https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-optimal-accelerometer-placement-for-energy-1q49c3bvp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overall-bias-for-predicted-vs-criterion-measured-1zue9p85.png Figure 3. Overall bias for predicted vs. criterion-measured METs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rmse-for-predicted-vs-criterion-measured-mets-ia7dlxad.png Figure 2. RMSE for predicted vs. criterion-measured METs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-anthropometric-and-peak-exercise-33wqwupu.png Table 1. Participant anthropometric and peak exercise responses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-residual-plots-of-predicted-vs-criterion-measured-2ca7xyk1.png Figure 4. Residual plots of predicted vs. criterion-measured METs. (a) Chest; (b) Freedson MET prediction equation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlations-with-criterion-measured-mets-14i361cj.png Figure 1. Correlations with criterion-measured METs. https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-machine-learning-algorithms-for-modeling-ssd-i-2buidg4bnp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-overall-approach-3fur3xc9.png Fig. 4. Overall Approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-measured-workload-characteristics-16fvawir.png TABLE V Measured workload characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-applications-and-benchmarks-used-1kza7sz7.png TABLE II Applications and Benchmarks used https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-box-plot-of-nrmse-for-each-algorithm-on-all-ssds-348daemm.png Fig. 5. Box-plot of NRMSE for each algorithm on all SSDs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sample-of-i-o-requests-stored-in-the-time-series-3cz64t3g.png TABLE I Sample of I/O requests stored in the Time Series Database https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-some-characteristics-of-the-learning-methods-used-2nevcgf8.png TABLE III Some characteristics of the learning methods used. Key: N= good, ◦=fair, and H=poor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-median-computation-time-used-for-the-training-of-2e7rl57j.png Fig. 8. Median computation time used for the training of different learning algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-learning-curves-on-the-testing-set-as-a-function-of-3cyu0kq4.png Fig. 6. Learning curves on the testing set as a function of the number of training samples https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-students-attitudes-and-preferences-towards-32xv9rfhrm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-familiarity-of-students-with-the-essential-np7qsedd.png Table 1 Familiarity of students with the essential characteristics of disasters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-regression-analysis-between-disaster-risk-23f4ls9n.png Table 7 Results of regression analysis between disaster risk reduction and educating students through multimedia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-variables-student-czyrczan.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics of variables student education through multimedia https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-disaster-risk-reduction-1hq77gdn.png Table 3 Descriptive statistics of disaster risk reduction variables https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-the-effects-of-control-lines-on-a-frequency-25sz4uhkad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-result-with-case-1-30ohw9oa.png Fig: 4 Simulation result with case 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-implementation-of-control-lines-in-cst-microwave-2b61shh4.png Fig: 3 Implementation of control lines in CST Microwave studio® https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-patch-with-switches-and-blocking-capacitors-x7rseip5.png Fig: 2 Patch with switches and blocking capacitors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-geometry-of-the-patch-antenna-2hi2nh42.png Fig: 1 The Geometry of the Patch antenna https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-simulated-and-measured-antenna-6mb223lp.png Table II Comparison of simulated and measured antenna operating frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulation-result-with-case-2-z8q4c3fr.png Fig: 5 Simulation result with case 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-prototype-of-the-patch-antenna-vf8tjr4m.png Fig: 6 Prototype of the patch antenna https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measurement-result-with-case-2-3r96yko1.png Fig: 7 Measurement result with case 2 https://scispace.com/papers/investigating-the-social-and-temporal-aspects-of-children-s-1xoi626ye8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-capture-the-crown-ctc-game-won-screen-3170qaeg.png Figure 2: Capture the Crown (CtC) game won screen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parents-and-children-responses-to-who-would-they-3pkgvkj9.png Table 2: Parents and children responses to who would they like to play such games with https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parents-and-children-feedback-on-the-fitness-games-30mdpzlh.png Table 1: Parents and children feedback on the fitness games they played. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-grow-the-garden-gtg-game-won-screen-zgn7hpc9.png Figure 1: Grow the Garden (GtG) game won screen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parents-and-children-responses-how-was-their-17wlkuta.png Table 3: Parents and children responses how was their activity when they were using the apps different from their activity in general https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-into-the-selection-of-viewing-configurations-2trd5ixkd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-histograms-of-the-measured-error-in-the-velocity-338kefzl.png Figure 9. Histograms of the measured error in the velocity components for various values of angle φ; 90o (+), 70o (•), 50o (x) and 30o (*) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-relationship-of-laser-illumination-direction-1sxvm09m.png Figure 1. The relationship of laser illumination direction and observation direction to the measured velocity component determined from the Doppler equation. Here ô is the observation direction, î is the laser illumination direction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-histograms-of-the-error-in-the-orthogonal-9r3ow54s.png Figure 10. Histograms of the error in the orthogonal components for configuration A (red) and configuration B (blue); Solid lines are for calculation with constant error added to the measured components; Dashed lines (may be obscured) are for calculation with a variation in error due to observation direction. A velocity field of (10,100,10) m/s was used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-in-relative-mie-scattering-intensity-for-b5on7k9u.png Figure 5. Variation in relative Mie scattering intensity for a seed particles size distribution of 0.1-0.4µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-histograms-of-the-experimental-error-in-the-6fuemu5f.png Figure 13. Histograms of the experimental error in the orthogonal components for configuration A using the 3C method (crosses) and the 4C method (dots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-of-the-uncertainty-in-the-velocity-3pifnt4d.png Figure 4. Variation of the uncertainty in the velocity component due to the uncertainty in Doppler shift measurement. The illumination direction is indicated, and the uncertainty in the measurement of Doppler shift was assumed to be 5MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-diagrams-showing-the-viewing-6x84fzcl.png Figure 6. Schematic diagrams showing the viewing configurations used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-condition-numbers-for-the-viewing-configurations-3hyp77lh.png Table 3. Condition numbers for the viewing configurations used in the investigation (1st three views only) https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-different-c-backings-for-targets-4jft3j0c7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-process-of-remounting-the-carbon-backing-flat-on-4mq9swtx.png FIGURE 4. Process of remounting the carbon backing flat on the ANU frame. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-carbon-backing-a-prepared-on-betaine-sucrose-as-zqtusc1k.png FIGURE 3. Carbon backing (a) prepared on betaine-sucrose as parting agent; (b) prepared on KCl as parting agent; (c) SEM image of carbon backing prepared on KCl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-energy-distribution-for-an-2e90pgbe.png FIGURE 5. Comparison of the energy distribution for an elastically scattered 48Ti beam on different targets on carbon backing prepared (left panels) on betaine-sucrose and (right panels) on KCl as parting agent, (a), (b) 208PbS targets with thicknesses of about 180 μg/cm²; (c), (d) 206PbS targets with thicknesses of about 180 μg/cm²; (e), (f) 206PbS targets with thicknesses of about 120 μg/cm². (g), (h) 142NdF3 targets with thicknesses of about 223 μg/cm². Relative widths (ΔE, full widths at half maximum) of each peak are given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-properties-of-208pbs-target-with-carbon-backing-25w3d9qd.png FIGURE 1. Properties of 208PbS-target with carbon backing produced on a glass with an interlayer of betaine-sucrose. a) Elastically scattered 48Ti-beam energy measured by a small area Si-detector. b) Picture of target surface from a scanning electron microscope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-carbon-layer-on-glass-with-an-interlayer-a-of-a-3g9s8wih.png FIGURE 2. Carbon layer on glass with an interlayer (a) of a tenside; (b) on potassium chloride. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-monitoring-of-the-mechanical-stability-of-the-carbon-fzirh6yd.png TABLE 1. Monitoring of the mechanical stability of the carbon backings and the yield of 208PbS-targets in dependence of the thickness of the parting agent and of the thickness of the carbon backing. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-a-derived-adverse-outcome-pathway-aop-28dhlcf5zt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-detailed-workflow-for-the-development-p3a71al9.png Figure 1: Detailed workflow for the development, characterization and analysis of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network for endocrine disruption. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-list-of-aos-in-the-7-connected-components-of-the-3mz90brz.png Table 2: The list of AOs in the 7 connected components of the ED-AOP network and their categorization into 4 systems-level endocrine-mediated perturbations, namely, ‘hepatic’, ‘metabolic’, ‘neurological’ and ‘reproductive’, depending on the perturbed biological processes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-table-gives-information-on-the-starting-mie-and-2gu4372e.png Table 3: The table gives information on the starting MIE and the ending AO for each of the 4 new paths identified in the LCC C1 of the ED-AOP network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-directed-network-for-lcc-c1-in-the-ed-aop-io4rfgl1.png Figure 3: The directed network for LCC C1 in the ED-AOP network consisting of 44 KEs and 56 KERs. The 44 KEs in C1 can be categorized into 9 MIEs, 28 KEs and 7 AOs. MIEs, KEs and AOs are shown in distinct shapes namely, diamond, square and circle, respectively. The 19 shared KEs in C1 are marked in ‘red’. For each MIE and AO, the corresponding AOP identifier is displayed in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-directed-network-for-lcc-c2-in-the-ed-aop-6tf9kxfe.png Figure 4: The directed network for LCC C2 in the ED-AOP network consisting of 48 KEs and 56 KERs. The 48 KEs in C2 can be categorized into 3 MIEs, 40 KEs and 5 AOs. MIEs, KEs and AOs are shown in distinct shapes namely, diamond, square and circle, respectively. The 20 shared KEs in C2 are marked in ‘red’. For each MIE and AO, the corresponding AOP identifier is displayed in this figure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-directed-network-for-lcc-c1-in-the-ed-aop-1nr38ckx.png Figure 5: The directed network for LCC C1 in the ED-AOP network consisting of 44 KEs wherein the KEs are colored based on their categorization into 4 systems-level perturbations namely, hepatic, metabolic, neurological and reproductive. MIEs, KEs and AOs are shown in distinct shapes namely, diamond, square and circle, respectively. The 19 shared KEs in C1 are marked in ‘red’. The ‘red’ edges highlight KERs that connect KEs categorized into different systems-level perturbations. The ‘yellow rectangles’ highlight 3 divergent KEs which serve as point of divergence from one system to another system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-curated-subset-of-48-ed-aops-among-the-161-high-3026v5ql.png Table 1: The curated subset of 48 ED-AOPs among the 161 high-confidence AOPs filtered from AOP-Wiki. The table also gives the fraction of ED-KEs, the cumulative WoE score, and the WoE score for human applicability (Human WoE) for each of the 48 ED-AOPs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualization-of-the-ed-aop-network-based-on-shared-fwp3alrj.png Figure 2: Visualization of the ED-AOP network based on shared KEs among the 48 ED-AOPs. Here, each node corresponds to an ED-AOP and there exists an edge between any two ED-AOPs if they have at least one shared KE. The network has 7 connected components (labeled C1-C7) with 2 ED-AOPs and 12 isolated ED-AOPs. The two largest connected components (LCCs) labeled by C1 and C2 contain 12 ED-AOPs each. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-drivetrain-losses-of-a-dp-vessel-3cney7t2ow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratio-of-time-spent-at-different-power-levels-for-the-2yiqvnoo.png Fig. 4. Ratio of time spent at different power levels for the generator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-single-line-diagram-of-the-lab-the-lab-consists-of-a-3lehwefh.png Fig. 5. Single line diagram of the lab. The lab consists of a diesel engine (D), synchronous generator (G), rectifier, DC link, inverters, induction motors (M), and eddy current brakes (B). The dashed circles are points of power measurements. Measurements of the mechanical power are done on the shaft between the diesel engine and the generator, and between the induction motors and the associated brakes. In addition is the electric power from the generator to the rectifier measured. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ratio-of-time-spent-at-different-load-conditions-for-jar41mxc.png Fig. 3. Ratio of time spent at different load conditions for the motors. The upper plot shows the usage as a function of the rotational speed of the motor (x-axis) and power (y-axis). The lower plot shows the time spent (y-axis) at different power levels (x-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-efficiency-of-the-motor-and-vsd-generator-and-total-2abfwd99.png Fig. 10. Efficiency of the motor and VSD, generator, and total efficiency from generator shaft to motor shaft. The blue bars is the actual efficiency when using the load profiles, while the orange bars shows the efficiency at rated power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-distribution-of-losses-for-the-generators-the-upper-219jvam6.png Fig. 9. Distribution of losses for the generators. The upper plot shows the distribution of the total loss energy. For example, 10% of the loss energy is occurring at 15 – 20% power. The lower figure shows the accumulated losses as a function of power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-single-line-diagram-of-the-vessel-1adssuau.png Fig. 1. Single line diagram of the vessel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-spent-in-each-of-the-operational-modes-14elabmw.png Fig. 2. Time spent in each of the operational modes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-distribution-of-losses-for-variable-speed-drive-and-3mkiaxqw.png Fig. 8. Distribution of losses for variable speed drive and motor. The upper plot shows the distribution of the total loss energy. For example, 5% of the loss energy is occurring at 20 – 25% power and 60 – 65% speed. The lower figure shows the accumulated losses as a function of power. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-immune-cell-markers-in-feline-oral-squamous-1dv9ejve2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-histologic-subtypes-of-feline-oscc-a-representative-gll7a35j.png Fig. 1. Histologic subtypes of feline OSCC. A representative image of the histologic appearance of a well-differentiated conventional feline OSCC stained with H&E is shown (10× magnification) (A). A representative image for a papillary subtype of feline OSCC also stained for cytokeratins by IHC is shown (20× magnification) (B). A representative image for a basaloid subtype of feline OSCC stained with H&E is shown (100× magnification) (C). A representative image of a well-differentiated conventional feline OSCC shows all neoplastic epithelium staining positive for cytokeratins when stained with an anti-pan-cytokeratin antibody and analyzed by IHC (100× magnification) (D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-lymphoid-cell-infiltration-and-cox-2-expression-in-1t7dlo4b.png Fig. 2. Lymphoid cell infiltration and COX-2 expression in feline OSCC by IHC analysis. A representative image of a feline OSCC shows T cell infiltration within neoplastic epithelium and stroma by staining with a feline cross-reactive CD3 monoclonal antibody and IHC analysis (200× magnification) (A). A representative image of T cell infiltration restricted predominantly to neoplastic stroma is shown (100× magnification) by CD3 IHC analysis (B). B cell follicle-like structure within neoplastic stroma is depicted by staining with a feline cross-reactive CD79a monoclonal antibody and IHC analysis (200× magnification) (C). Large numbers of B cells infiltrate neoplastic stroma in the absence of follicle-like structures as shown by CD79a IHC analysis (100× magnification) (D). Scattered Fox-P3+ cells infiltrate neoplastic stroma as shown by staining with a feline cross-reactive Fox-P3 monoclonal antibody and IHC analysis (200× magnification) (E). A representative image of variable COX-2 expression in neoplastic epithelium is shown by staining with a feline cross-reactive COX-2 monoclonal antibody and IHC analysis (200X magnification) (F). Insets within each image are a 400× magnification of a selected site within the parental image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-staining-with-cd79a-and-cd20-antibodies-udpcyb6d.png Fig. 3. Comparison of staining with CD79a and CD20 antibodies for characterization of B cell infiltrates. Tissue sections from the same feline OSCC patient biopsy analyzed by CD79a IHC (200× magnification) (A) and CD20 IHC (100× magnification) (B) are compared for detection of B cell infiltrates that also reveal folliclelike structures within neoplastic stroma. Similarly, tissue sections from a second patient biopsy analyzed with CD79a IHC (200× magnification) (C) and CD20 IHC (200× magnification) (D) are compared for detection of B cell infiltrates characterized by scattered B cells within neoplastic stroma. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-cohort-1-cats-with-3ea2em7r.png Table 1 Clinical characteristics of cohort-1 cats with tumors evaluated in immunohistochemical studies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequencies-of-circulating-foxp3-cd4-t-cells-in-feline-yzgp8mh4.png Fig. 4. Frequencies of circulating FoxP3+ CD4 T cells in feline OSCC patients. A representative scatter plot of a patient’s PBMC shows the gating protocol for interrogation of PBMC for CD3+CD4+T cells for FoxP3 and CD25 expression using multi-color flow cytometry as described in Materials and Methods (A). Median frequencies of CD25+FoxP3+ cells within the CD4 T cell subset are compared between the feline OSCC patient cohort-2 and either all control cats, adult SPF controls, or adult non-SPF controls (healthy pet cats) (B). Similarly, median frequencies of FoxP3+ cells (both CD25+ and CD25- populations) within the CD4 T cell subset are compared between cohort-2 patients and different control groups (C). Median frequencies of the FoxP3+CD25- population with the CD4 T cell subset are compared between cohort-2 patients and different control groups (D). Pair-wise analysis between different groups was conducted with the Mann Whitney test using Graph Pad Prism software and one-tailed analysis. P values< 0.05 are considered significant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clinical-characteristics-of-cohort-2-cats-evaluated-3dj4jxvf.png Table 2 Clinical characteristics of cohort-2 cats evaluated for circulating Treg frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-histologic-subtype-and-immune-marker-analysis-of-2oogk2up.png Table 3 Histologic subtype and immune marker analysis of feline OSCC cohort-1. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-human-papillomavirus-by-hybrid-capture-ii-5corkpuad2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-the-high-grade-dna-hpv-positive-3awf7ugf.png Table 2. Distribution of the high-grade DNA-HPV–positive reactions in samples collected directly from the surgical specimens with STM https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-the-high-grade-dna-hpv-positive-fj0k3b4x.png Table 3. Distribution of the high-grade DNA-HPV–positive reactions in samples collected from the patients with UCM https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-general-distribution-of-the-positive-reactions-for-1yt9efb4.png Table 1. General distribution of the positive reactions for high-grade DNA-HPV in glandular malignancies and related lesions and in squamous cell malignant lesions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-general-distribution-of-the-subtypes-of-the-113-ykn4raj5.png Table 4. General distribution of the subtypes of the 113 cases of adenocarcinomas positive for HPV https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-nonlinear-dielectric-properties-in-sr0-1vv2x3fn3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-for-the-sbn75-25-thin-film-1rsltkfz.png FIG. 1. X-ray diffraction patterns for the SBN75/25 thin film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-the-small-signal-low-ac-afqsvca8.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of the small signal low ac electric field complex dielectric permittivity real and imaginary components , for the SBN75/25 ferroelectric thin film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-real-and-imaginary-components-of-dielectric-3icrb3ov.png FIG. 6. Real and imaginary components of dielectric permittivity as a function of temperature for the SBN75/25 thin film at various dc “bias” electric fields, for the frequencies of 1, 10, and 100 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-the-nonlinear-dielectric-34gm8f1z.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of the nonlinear dielectric permittivity ac as a function of the frequency, at the maximum applied ac electric field, for the SBN75/25 thin film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nonlinear-component-of-the-dielectric-permittivity-for-26r46cgi.png FIG. 5. Nonlinear component of the dielectric permittivity for the SBN75/25 thin films as a function of the amplitude of the ac electric field, measured at 10 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependence-of-the-linear-a-c-and-nonlinear-8az535k4.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependence of the linear a – c and nonlinear dielectric permittivities d – f , as a function of the amplitude of the applied ac electric field Eac , for three selected frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temperature-dependence-of-the-nonlinear-component-of-jljvovzk.png FIG. 7. Temperature dependence of the nonlinear component of the dielectric permittivity, dc, for the SBN75/25 thin film, as a function of the frequency a – c and the dc “bias” electric field d – f . https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-piezomagnetism-in-nickel-ferrite-2rzp7m0x7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-longitudinal-l11-and-transverse-l21-magnetostriction-3sfgs1ot.png Fig. 1. Longitudinal (λ11) and transverse (λ21) magnetostriction of NiFe2O4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maximum-magnetoelectric-coefficient-measured-for-the-1bu8y8jr.png Fig. 4. Maximum magnetoelectric coefficient measured for the ME bilayer NFO/PZT (circles) as function of the exciting field HAC at 80 Hz (semi-log2 plot) and at the optimum bias field HDC . The theoretical magnetoelectric coefficient calculated from the piezomagnetic curves is plotted in squares and the one based on the strain derivatives in dotted. The total harmonic distortion (THDF) of the magnetoelectric voltage is plotted in diamond. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-longitudinal-circles-and-transverse-squares-35u4ebyr.png Fig. 3. Longitudinal (circles) and transverse (squares) piezomagnetic coefficient measured for NiFe2O4 as function of the exciting field HAC at 80 Hz (semi-log2 plot) and at the optimum bias field HDC . The strain derivatives are plotted in dotted line for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-strain-derivatives-dotted-line-of-nife2o4-for-11l4ppik.png Fig. 2. Strain derivatives (dotted line) of NiFe2O4 for longitudinal d(λ11)/dHDC and transverse d(λ21)/dHDC direction. Longitudinal (qAC11 ) and transverse (qAC21 ) piezomagnetic coefficient (continuous line) measured with an exciting field HAC = 0.8 kA/m at 80 Hz as function of the bias field HDC . https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-protective-properties-of-organic-layers-44g1mzzp9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-secm-images-400-x-200-um2-registered-with-a-pt-ume-3cn9pqh0.png Figure 4. SECM images (400 x 200 µm²) registered with a Pt UME (5 µm-radius) in 10-3 mol L1 Fc(MeOH)2 as redox mediator in 0.1 mol L-1 H2SO4 before (a, b, e, f) and after (c, d, g, h) performing ORR in the vicinity (5 µm) of the p-(ethynyl)phenyl film (a, c, e, g) and p(methyl)phenyl film (b, d, f, h). Various fixed reductive potentials were applied during ORR, from 0.0 V to - 0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl in 10-2 mol L-1 KOH solution (c, d) and from 0.0 V to - 0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl in 10-2 mol L-1 KPF6 solution (g, h). Y-axes display the normalized tip current (i/iinf). Note that the background current was subtracted for comparison, where the background current corresponds to the value of normalized tip current when the UME tip is at 5 µm to the organic film. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-solidification-and-precipitation-behavior-t7pv1dmuop 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-age-hardening-curve-of-the-si-modified-7075-aluminum-bfzx0xel.png Fig. 8—Age hardening curve of the Si-modified 7075 aluminum alloy during direct ageing (DA) at 120 C and 150 C with different applied holding times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dsc-cooling-curves-of-the-al7075-alloy-and-si-modified-jfpvw4sb.png Fig. 3—DSC cooling curves of the Al7075 alloy and Si-modified Al7075 alloy in the temperature range of (a) 500 C to 650 C, (b) 100 C to 500 C, and (c, d) the microstructure of slowly solidified Si-modified Al7075 alloy obtained from the DSC measurement, applying a cooling rate of 5 C/min. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-chemical-composition-of-starting-powders-and-as-1aa84wbi.png Table I. Chemical Composition of Starting Powders and As-Built Samples of Al7075 and Si-Modified Al7075 Alloy Measured by ICP-OES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-grain-morphology-of-a-c-l-pbf-processed-al7075-with-2l8tanrg.png Fig. 10—Grain morphology of (a, c) L-PBF processed Al7075 with solidification cracks, and (b, d) crack-free Si-modified Al7075 alloy processed by L-PBF. Schematic of (e) epitaxial growth of the Al7075 alloy and (f) the solidification cracking mitigation mechanism in the Si-modified Al7075 alloy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reconstructed-l-ct-data-showing-the-size-and-12v8yas4.png Fig. 4—Reconstructed l-CT data showing the size and distribution of internal pores in as-built samples. The pores in the reconstructed cuboids and representative cross-sections appear as blue spots: (a, b) Al7075. (c, d) Si-modified Al7075. The building direction (BD) of the samples is indicated by the arrow. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-transferred-electron-oscillations-in-14fdd1q60l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-and-b-show-simulation-results-of-the-voltage-across-2cjttwdx.png FIG. 4. (a) and (b) show simulation results of the voltage across the diamond as a function of time for 450 lm thick sample at T¼ 110 K with an applied voltage of 26 V, L¼ 33 lH, C¼ 1.05 pF, and R¼ 12.3 MX for 1D an 2D respectively. (c) comparison of the amplitude between the 1D and 2D model as a function of applied voltage. The models reveal similar trend and results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-change-of-electron-concentration-within-the-sample-for-2buloa3y.png FIG. 3. Change of electron concentration within the sample for half of a period at the steady-state of the oscillation (>2 ls) for both the 1D and 2D simulations. (a) Results of the 1D simulation with a plot of the electron concentration at each position in the sample at different times and (b) results of the 2D simulation. (c) The electron concentration achieved in the 2D simulation at different times. This figure shows that at 10 ns, the electron cloud starts to grow bigger and at 30 ns the electrons are extracted at the contact. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-visualization-of-the-results-of-the-simulations-where-1qs35pg3.png FIG. 5. Visualization of the results of the simulations, where in (a), the inductance is varied; in (b), the capacitance is varied; in (c), the resistance in the RLC circuit is varied; and in (d), the sample thickness is varied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electron-drift-velocity-as-a-function-of-the-electric-2190pt1z.png FIG. 1. Electron drift velocity as a function of the electric field for a SCCVD diamond sample at 110 K. The number of electrons in the orthogonal and parallel valleys changes due to the scattering-induced repopulation. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-the-micro-mechanics-of-sand-rubber-mixtures-81vktmkgd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-normalised-shear-modulus-g-gmax-against-shear-1k552qdn.png Figure 4. Normalised shear modulus,G/Gmax against shear strain from a p′0 of 100 kPa, (a) effect of particle shear modulus and (b) effect of initial void ratio. (Cross markers correspond to laboratory results of clean sand after Senetakis et al. (2012a)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maximum-shear-modulus-gmax-against-mean-effective-2pg5t8vp.png Figure 3. Maximum shear modulus (Gmax) against mean effective stress (p′) for clean sand (data for clean sand and pure rubber after Anastasiadis et al. 2012). e0 for the lab data is equal to 0.588.Values for e0 for the simulated tests correspond to p′0 = 50 kPa (a) calibration for clean sand and (b) calibration for pure rubber https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-contact-force-contribution-to-deviatoric-stress-p8vm5ggw.png Figure 10. Contact force contribution to deviatoric stress for different rubber contents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-particle-size-distribution-of-numerical-samples-1b8pc4tq.png Figure 1. Particle size distribution of numerical samples compared with laboratory data for a uniform sand. Data for the uniform sand matched with a natural sand tested by Anastasiadis et al. (2012) and Senetakis et al. (2012a, 2012b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-gmax-for-different-rubber-contents-against-mean-2ra8tkcu.png Figure 5. (a) Gmax for different rubber contents against mean effective stress, (b) Normalised shear modulus against shear strain and (c) Gmax against rubber content. Lab data after Anastasiadis et al. (2012) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-total-kn-in-the-system-and-total-kn-by-each-type-2tr2gshf.png Figure 6. (a) Total kn in the system and total kn by each type of contact, (b) Total fn in the system and total fn by each type of contact. r–r, rubber–rubber; r–s, rubber–sand; s–s, sand–sand https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-normal-contact-force-anisotropy-response-during-3qyozb04.png Figure 9. (a) Normal contact force anisotropy response during small strains for each type of contact and (b) overall contact normal force anisotropy, and by each type of contact against rubber content. s–s, sand–sand https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-samples-at-the-end-of-the-isotropic-wwd7hanx.png Figure 2. Numerical samples at the end of the isotropic compression stage of (a) clean sand (10184 sand particles – 0 rubber) and mixtures with (b) 10% (8212 sand particles – 1972 rubber) (c) 20% (6916 sand particles – 3268 rubber) (d) 30% (5945 sand particles – 4239 rubber) (e) 40% (5201 sand particles – 4983 rubber) and (f) 50% of rubber content by weight (4689 sand particles – 5495 rubber) https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-of-turbulence-in-reversed-field-pinch-plasma-16mcogqk51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-mir-system-in-tpe-rx-2jpeuv4k.png FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of the MIR system in TPE-RX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-the-2d-spectra-log10-s-k-kh-of-a-the-4b06akqm.png FIG. 3. (Color) The 2D spectra (log10 S(k/, kh)) of (a) the conventional RFP and (b) the PPCD plasmas estimated by MEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-plasma-parameters-and-mir-signals-in-the-1zbpejh4.png FIG. 2. (Color) Plasma parameters and MIR signals in the conventional RFP (left) and the PPCD (right) plasmas in TPE-RX. (a) The plasma current (Ip) and reversal parameter (F), (b) the central chord soft X-ray (SXR), (c) the central chord line averaged density (nea( 1019 m 3)), (d) normalized cutoff radius (rcut), (e) the amplitude signal of MIR (ch.2), and (f) wavelet spectrum. The line in Fig. 2(f) denotes the sum of wavelet spectrum.P PðxÞ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-squared-wavelet-bicoherence-spectra-of-110-in-a-3ni1lmtn.png FIG. 4. (Color) Squared wavelet bicoherence spectra of ( 1,1,0) in (a) conventional RFP (F¼ 0.5) and (b) PPCD plasmas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-total-wavelet-bicoherence-of-110-112-and-1th5wb7u.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Total wavelet bicoherence of ( 1,1,0), (1,1,2), and (2,2,2) as a function of F. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-a-blob-like-shape-of-the-cutoff-surface-rbpmaisg.png FIG. 6. (Color online) (a) Blob-like shape of the cutoff surface (w¼ 5 cm, h¼ 1 cm) in the conventional RFP plasma (left) and sinusoidal shape of the cutoff surface (w¼ 157 cm, h¼ 0.375 cm) in the PPCD plasma (right). Time evolutions of (b) the magnetic fluctuation and (c)-(f) the MIR signals. Thin solid line indicates simulated signal with the model (a). Thick broken line indicates the experimental signal. https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-on-autosar-compliant-solutions-for-many-core-1jvpdsn70d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-uniform-distributed-approach-having-copies-of-all-bsw-ell0xqt7.png Fig. 4. Uniform distributed approach, having copies of all BSW modules in the core local memory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-centralized-approach-as-simplest-design-option-having-32vl87xh.png Fig. 3. Centralized approach as simplest design option, having all BSW modules on one core. Other cores use remote calls to access the BSW services. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-non-uniform-distributed-approach-bsw-modules-can-exist-2tylocq0.png Fig. 5. Non-uniform distributed approach. BSW modules can exist on each core exclusive, as master-satelite approach or with global state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-virtualization-approach-a-hypervisor-is-used-to-allow-39yxao01.png Fig. 6. Virtualization approach, a hypervisor is used to allow the execution of several AUTOSAR systems on the same or on multiple cores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-the-proposed-approaches-2quqn5b1.png TABLE I. COMPARISON OF THE PROPOSED APPROACHES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-of-the-effect-of-the-shared-buffer-placement-3ntndda8.png Fig. 7. Example of the effect of the shared buffer placement for 1:N communication via an underlying NoC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-autosar-software-architecture-for-single-and-multicore-2p7a8fgc.png Fig. 1. AUTOSAR software architecture for single and multicore platforms as defined by the standard. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-of-a-many-core-processor-using-a-2d-mesh-398fvdge.png Fig. 2. Architecture of a many-core processor using a 2D-Mesh NoC https://scispace.com/papers/investigation-on-energy-absorption-efficiency-of-each-layer-2t9pdyds9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ballistic-test-results-of-hybrid-panels-and-woven-3lj3yuwq.png Table 4 Ballistic test results of hybrid panels and woven panels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fe-modelling-a-fine-mesh-in-a-primary-yarn-b-coarse-74cxmw5i.png Figure 1 FE modelling (a) fine mesh in a primary yarn; (b) coarse mesh in a secondary yarn; (c) FE model of a single fabric layer under impact; (d) FE model of a multilayer panel before clay under impact [10] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fe-results-of-transverse-deflection-in-twaron-1fsrq06c.png Figure 10 FE results of transverse deflection in Twaron panel 11F24 under impact https://scispace.com/papers/investment-in-icts-an-empirical-analysis-1zvp1uv6kb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimates-of-the-price-elasticity-of-factor-demand-5eftp9md.png Table 2. Estimates of the price elasticity of factor demand: results for coefficient 𝒂𝟏𝒋,𝒌 of the estimated relation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tests-of-hypotheses-h1-to-h4-fisher-tests-2t9ktodq.png Table 1. Tests of hypotheses H1 to H4: Fisher tests – Probability of wrongly rejecting the tested hypothesis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ict-capital-output-ratio-ict-capital-stock-over-gdp-in-3l9bq61o.png Fig. 1. ICT capital output ratio – ICT capital stock over GDP in nominal terms and % https://scispace.com/papers/investor-sentiment-limited-arbitrage-and-the-cash-holding-4bjpdkcffs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-reports-the-estimates-for-ch-and-ecm-hedge-1rrjmqsq.png Table V reports the estimates for CH and ECM hedge portfolios based on the two sentiment indices. The coefficients of SentimentMCP;t 1 are significantly negative before and after controlling for the Fama and French (1993) three factors, with only one exception (the marginal significant coefficient of ECM hedge portfolio from the model with the Fama and https://scispace.com/papers/involvement-of-a-caleosin-in-lipid-storage-spore-dispersal-2rq7tn7u17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-representative-transmission-electron-micrographs-of-3ubte7ac.png Fig. 4. Representative transmission electron micrographs of wild-type and Bbcal1 conidia harvested from PDA. Conidia were grown, harvested and analysed as described in the Experimental procedures section. Dashed arrows indicate lipid bodies and regular arrows indicate multilamellar structures or other deformities. All scale bars = 200 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spore-phenotypes-of-wild-type-and-bbcal1-strains-a-1b5bwqp9.png Fig. 3. Spore phenotypes of wild-type and Bbcal1 strains. A. Differential interference contrast images of conidial formation after 9 (top panels), 12 (middle panels) and 15 (lower panels) days. B. Example of spore dispersal plates. Petri dishes were poured with growth media on both the top and bottom wells of the plates. Fungal strains were then inoculated on one side (top plate) and allowed to grow for 12– 15 days. The number and distribution of spores ‘dispersing’ to the bottom ‘dispersal’ plate were then quantified. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-course-of-conidial-yield-of-wild-type-bbcal1-and-18jlu4mi.png Fig. 2. Time-course of conidial yield of wild-type, Bbcal1 and Bbcal1::Bbcal1 strains grown on PDA and PDA supplemented with C16. Error bars: ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-insect-bioassays-g-mellonella-larvae-were-treated-1dsn0dg7.png Fig. 10. Insect bioassays. G. mellonella larvae were treated with conidia from wild-type B. bassiana (red circles), Bbcal1 (blue circles) or mock-treated controls (black triangles), as described in the Experimental procedures section. The percentage mortality over the indicated time-course is presented. Error bars: ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-construction-of-mutant-strains-a-schematic-diagram-of-270pq7f8.png Fig. 1. Construction of mutant strains. A. Schematic diagram of vector, Bbcal1 genomic locus and homologous recombination event. T1 and T2 indicated the positions of primers Pcal-t1 and Pcal-t2 respectively (Table S1). The position of the probe (150 bp) is given in the lower schematic, bar = phosphinothricin resistance marker, E = EcoRI restriction sites. B. PCR verification of correct integration event. PCR products using Bbcal1 gene amplification primers and genomic DNA from; Lane 1, wildtype B. bassiana; lane 2, Bbcal1; lane 3, Bbcal1:Bbcal1 complemented strain; and lane M, molecular size standards. C. Southern blot analysis of caleosin mutants. Genomic DNA was digested with EcoRI and probed with Bbcal1 ORF gene fragment. Lane 1, wild-type B. bassiana; lane 2, Bbcal1; lane 3, Bbcal1:Bcal1 complemented strain. The electrophoretic positions and sizes of the DNA bands are indicated. D. RT-PCR analysis of Bbcal1 (top panel) and tubulin (bottom panel) expression. Lane 1, wildtype B. bassiana; lane 2, Bbcal1; lane 3, Bbcal1 complemented strain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-phytoceramide-analysis-of-wild-type-grey-and-bbcal1-2mnfdhnt.png Fig. 8. Phytoceramide analysis of wild-type (grey) and Bbcal1 (blue) conidia harvested from PDA, PDA + C16, PDA + oleic acid (OA), PDA + glyceride trioleate (GT), CZA and SDAY. Conidia were grown, harvested and analyzed as described in the Experimental procedures section. Error bars: ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-dehydroergosterol-analysis-of-wild-type-grey-and-3ckf29qr.png Fig. 9. Dehydroergosterol analysis of wild-type (grey) and Bbcal1 (blue) conidia harvested from PDA, PDA + C16, PDA + oleic acid (OA), PDA + glyceride trioleate (GT), CZA and SDAY. Conidia were grown, harvested and analyzed as described in the Experimental procedures section. Error bars: ± SD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phosphatidylcholine-analysis-of-wild-type-top-panel-mel05045.png Fig. 6. Phosphatidylcholine analysis of wild-type (top panel) and Bbcal1 (bottom panel) conidia grown on various media as indicated including PDA (red), PDA + C16 (black), PDA + oleic acid (OA, green), PDA + glyceride trioleate (GT, blue), CZA (grey) and SDAY (purple). Conidia were grown, harvested and analyzed as described in the Experimental procedures section. Error bars: ± SD. https://scispace.com/papers/ipo-market-cycles-bubbles-or-sequential-learning-4sis3dwrg1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2honmkt5.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-correlations-of-the-number-of-ipos-in-month-t-3u2ons8m.png Figure 2. Cross correlations of the number of IPOs in month t+k with the return to IPOs in month t, for k = -12, . . . , 12. The large sample standard error for these correlations is .05 for 1960-97 and .08 for 1985-97. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-for-expected-and-unexpected-1hyrcss3.png Table 5 Descriptive Statistics for Expected and Unexpected Initial Returns to IPOs, 1985-97 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-9ketfhjf.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2bkyt7e8.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ibbotson-sindelar-and-ritters-1994-monthly-data-on-3cjv63fd.png Figure 1. Ibbotson, Sindelar, and Ritter’s (1994) monthly data on aggregate US initial public offerings per month (NIPOISR) and average initial returns to IPO investors (IREW), 1960-97. https://scispace.com/papers/ipmanager-a-microcomputer-based-dss-for-intellectual-4jptmve3ik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-a-decision-support-system-2sraolg2.png Figure 1 The Structure of a Decision Support System. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pct-application-process-1tyxzut5.png Figure 4 PCT Application Process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-direct-patent-application-process-in-a-foreign-20o3jun4.png Figure 3 Direct Patent Application Process in a Foreign Country. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ip-planning-screen-b56z17k8.png Figure 5 IP Planning Screen https://scispace.com/papers/ion-implantation-in-silicon-for-trimming-the-operating-37hkiu04z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transmission-spectra-of-fabricated-ring-resonators-a-346f3css.png Fig. 4: Transmission spectra of fabricated ring resonators. (a) As implantation length increases resonant wavelength peak shifts to longer wavelengths (un-annealed samples). (b) As annealing temperatures increases the resonant wavelength peak shifts to shorter wavelengths (θ=18o). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-with-the-current-state-of-the-art-of-2wwq9au1.png Table I: Comparison with the current state of the art of trimming of ring resonators. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-transmission-spectra-of-fabricated-ring-resonators-1jykadiw.png Fig. 8: Transmission spectra of fabricated ring resonators before and after laser annealing (θ=18o). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-laser-annealing-setup-pbs-polarization-1a9sgedt.png Fig. 7: Experimental laser annealing setup (PBS - polarization beam splitter; BS - pellicle beam splitter; MO - microscope objective). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-changes-in-resonant-wavelength-shift-per-implanted-3p289nw8.png Fig. 9: Changes in resonant wavelength shift per implanted length as a function of laser power used for localized annealing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-schematic-of-a-ring-resonator-with-a-section-of-1gc4xkuw.png Fig. 1: (a) A schematic of a ring resonator with a section of amorphous silicon created by germanium ion implantation. (b) A detailed layout of the germanium ion implanted waveguide section. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-results-of-implanted-devices-showing-a-3suq1s96.png Fig. 3: Simulation results of implanted devices showing a transmission spectrum of an un-implanted and Ge ion implanted ring resonator (θ=6o). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-optical-microscope-image-of-the-fabricated-ring-2nx861vj.png Fig. 2: An optical microscope image of the fabricated ring resonator with a partially ion implanted Ge waveguide section. https://scispace.com/papers/iptf13bvn-the-first-evidence-of-a-binary-progenitor-for-a-2mohzb27ei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hydrodynamical-modeling-of-iptf13bvn-bolometric-1f1p5t5n.png Figure 1. Hydrodynamical modeling of iPTF13bvn. Bolometric light curve (left panel) and photospheric velocity evolution (right panel) are compared with observations (dots). Models with different masses are shown with different line types and colors. HE3.3 and HE4 give a good representation of the observations but a slightly more massive object, HE5, provides a worse comparison. A model with 8M¯ (HE8) is clearly not acceptable. The error bars at the top of the figure indicate the nearly constant uncertainty in luminosity and the adopted uncertainty in the explosion time (see Section 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-early-r-band-light-curve-of-iptf13bvn-dots-compared-2aqzvc1t.png Figure 2. Early R-band light curve of iPTF13bvn (dots) compared with models of different progenitor radii (lines). The labels next to the curves indicate the radius in R¯. The radius variation is accomplished by attaching essentially massless (<0.01M¯) envelopes to the compact He-star model HE4 (see Section 3). In spite of the good constraint on texp, its uncertainty (black line) is still too large to distinguish between a compact star (of a few R¯) and a relatively extended structure (of R . 150R¯). A better constraint on texp or a higher cadence of the observations is required to capture the short-duration emission feature produced by relatively extended progenitors. The error bars indicate the size of the uncertainty in magnitude (dominated by the distance uncertainty) and in the explosion time (see Section 2). Model HE8 is included to show that it would not be compatible with a shift in the explosion date of more than ≈1 day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-spectrum-of-the-binary-progenitor-solid-2kfynway.png Figure 5. Predicted spectrum of the binary progenitor (solid black line) compared with HST pre-SN photometry (black squares). The binary spectrum is the sum of a primary star approximated by a blackbody (red line) and a secondary star represented by an atmosphere model of Kurucz (1993; blue line). The spectra have been extinguished assuming a standard reddening law (Cardelli et al. 1989) and adopting the extinction value derived in Section 2. The HST photometry was adopted from Cao et al. (2013) and converted to specific fluxes at the approximate effective wavelength of the F435W, F555W, and F814W bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chemical-structure-of-the-primary-star-near-to-67cdrhrt.png Figure 4. Chemical structure of the primary star near to oxygen core exhaustion. At this stage the star is already devoid of hydrogen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolutionary-tracks-of-the-binary-components-of-the-2afjv08r.png Figure 3. Evolutionary tracks of the binary components of the progenitor of iPTF13bvn for a proposed system with initial masses of 20M¯ and 19M¯ and an initial orbital period of 4.1 days. The solid line indicates the track of the primary (donor) star (arrows show the evolutionary progress). The short-dashed line shows the evolution of the secondary (accretor) star. Fully conservative accretion (β = 1) is assumed. The star symbols show the location of both components at the moment of explosion of the primary star. Thick portions of the primary’s track indicate the phases of nuclear burning at the stellar core. The long-dashed line shows the locus of the ZAMS, with dots showing different stellar masses (labels in units ofM¯). https://scispace.com/papers/ir-re-binary-alloys-under-extreme-conditions-and-their-1ikvh6zzur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-volumetric-thermal-expansion-parameters-at-ambient-1r1hm1ri.png Table 1. Volumetric thermal expansion parameters at ambient pressure and bulk moduli at room temperature for pure Ir, Re and hcp-structured Ir─Re alloys. https://scispace.com/papers/iron-ii-octacyanoniobate-iv-ferromagnet-with-t-c-43-k-54xtssdts3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-connectivity-and-geometry-of-the-coordination-spheres-803y7q0e.png Fig. 1 Connectivity and geometry of the coordination spheres of [Nb(CN)8]4- (left) and trans-[FeII(NC)4(H2O)2]2- (right) in 1 with atom labeling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exafs-path-for-induced-elements-taken-from-fits-of-2dl8a1sj.png Table 3 EXAFS path for induced elements, taken from fits of EXAFS spectra presented in Fig. 3. Fe–N, C–N and Nb–C bond distances are calculated as a difference of corresponding paths, assuming the linear arrangement of Nb–C–N–Fe bonding https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-corrected-exafs-spectra-exafs-signal-c-k-k3-2b2ifgd8.png Fig. 3 Phase corrected EXAFS spectra, EXAFS signal c(k)k3 (upper inset) and normalized XANES spectra (lower inset) for 1 at the Fe:K edge (blue solid line), Nb:K edge (green solid line) and for K4[Nb(CN)8]·2H2O at Nb:K edge (pink dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fragment-of-the-structure-of-1-the-projection-showing-21bkzz31.png Fig. 2 Fragment of the structure of 1; the projection showing two types of octahedral-like vertex-sharing Fe4Nb2 units. H2Omolecules are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-isothermal-magnetization-at-t-4-3-and-15-k-solid-lines-3lqgnyx4.png Fig. 8 Isothermal magnetization at T= 4.3 and 15 K. Solid lines show the magnetization for the simple trinuclear model Fe2Nb for different configurations of the coupling constants J1 = J2 = JFeNb The curve corresponding to both ferromagnetic couplings is the closest to the experimental values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-magnetization-vs-temperature-curve-as-obtained-in-the-3mmnuld2.png Fig. 7 Magnetization vs. temperature curve as obtained in the external fieldHDC = 2 kOe. The red line depicts the result yielded by the mean-field theory for two types of sites occupied by the ferromagnetically coupled Fe and Nb ions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystal-solution-and-refinement-parameters-for-1-sjypt6cj.png Table 1 Crystal solution and refinement parameters for 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-57fe-mossbauer-spectra-of-feii-h2o-2-2-nbiv-cn-8-4h2o-3d9tycae.png Fig. 4 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of {[FeII(H2O)2]2[NbIV(CN)8]·4H2O}n 1 at T 1 = 300 K, T 2 = 80 K, T 3 = 4.2 K with isomer shift IS and quadrupole splitting QS values. https://scispace.com/papers/is-asia-adopting-flexicurity-2w0tl1pu2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-unemployment-insurance-benefits-j9orjkn2.png Table 10: Unemployment insurance benefits https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-unemployment-insurance-adoption-and-income-per-xk1n94y0.png Table 9: Unemployment insurance adoption and income per capita https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-severance-pay-and-authorization-for-retrenchment-2zr9jh1k.png Table 6: Severance pay and authorization for retrenchment https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-non-regular-employment-139e5hh1.png Table 7: Non-regular employment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flexibility-security-trade-offs-3b3c2346.png Figure 1: Flexibility/security trade-offs https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-indicative-figures-on-employment-generating-public-2c7aubpo.png Table 13: Indicative figures on employment-generating public works programs https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-public-employment-centres-fdzoadjr.png Table 11: Public employment centres https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-country-classification-of-employment-policies-2ydi7oxd.png Table 1: Country classification of employment policies https://scispace.com/papers/is-covid-19-a-threat-to-liberal-democracy-31qmu1oduc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marginal-means-of-the-different-levels-of-each-32m61n1m.png Figure 1 . Marginal means of the different levels of each attribute on policy support with confidence intervals that correct for multiple comparisons (p=.0018, z=3.12). Results can be derived from the replication files. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-marginal-means-of-the-different-levels-of-each-36jn1v6h.png Figure 2 . Marginal means of the different levels of each attribute on policy support when a policy is endorsed by the in-party, out-party or a health expert with confidence intervals that correct for multiple comparisons (p=.0018, z=3.12). Results can be derived from the replication files. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-round-of-the-conjoint-experiment-3qgghthd.png Table 1 Example round of the conjoint experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-means-and-confidence-intervals-of-support-for-3girdu1k.png Figure 4 . Means and confidence intervals of support for postponing the elections indefinitely across different treatment conditions for self-identified Republicans (left-hand panel) and self-identified Democrats (right-hand panel) in the US in July 2020. The distribution of the observations is plotted in figure. Confidence intervals are correct for multiple comparisons as preregistered (p=.0018, z=3.12). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-means-and-confidence-intervals-of-agreement-with-2zf12wh8.png Figure 3 . Means and confidence intervals of agreement with the two dependent variables across different treatment conditions in the US (top-row) and UK (bottom-row). The distribution of the observations is plotted in figure. Confidence intervals are correct for multiple comparisons as preregistered (p=.0018, z=3.12). Results can be derived from the replication files. https://scispace.com/papers/is-digital-cognitive-behavioural-therapy-for-insomnia-563u6vt35e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participations-rates-and-adherence-kjc114cr.png Table 3 – Participations rates and adherence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sci-scores-at-each-assessment-solid-lines-represent-mvuqpl99.png Figure 3. SCI scores at each assessment. Solid lines represent scores across the full sample. Dashed and dotted lines show scores for participants above and below the threshold for insomnia respectively. Error bars indicate the standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-treatment-acceptability-a-acceptable-responses-xvv3t10s.png Figure 2. Treatment acceptability. A – Acceptable, responses range from 1 (Very unacceptable) to 7 (Very acceptable). B – Ethical, responses range from 1 (Unethical) to 7 (Fully ethical). C – Effective, responses range from 1 (Very ineffective) to 7 (Very effective). D – Side effects, responses range from 1 (Very likely) to 7 (Very unlikely). E – Knowledgeable, responses range from 1 (Not knowledgeable) to 7 (Very knowledgeable). F – Trustworthy, responses range from 1 (Not trustworthy) to 7 (Very trustworthy). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-3sndxssz.png Table 1 – Sample characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-of-participants-through-the-study-vzx81mo6.png Figure 1. Flow of participants through the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-cbt-i-on-insomnia-symptoms-9baznquh.png Table 4. Effects of CBT-I on insomnia symptoms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-for-study-variables-at-each-1j8mwxj8.png Table 2 – Descriptive statistics for study variables at each wave https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changes-in-associated-variables-moderation-and-2wpqog1q.png Figure 4. Changes in associated variables, moderation, and mediation results. Control group is always used as the reference. A – Changes in associated variables: Standardized coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for the effect of group for each associated variable on the change in insomnia symptoms from baseline to end-of-intervention. B – Moderation: Standardized coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for each of the individual group * baseline predictor interactions and the group * combined moderator interaction for each potential moderator of insomnia symptoms at end-of-intervention. C – Mediation: Standardized coefficients and bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals for each potential mediator of insomnia symptoms at end of intervention. https://scispace.com/papers/is-free-really-cost-effective-a-case-study-of-open-access-e-49oqj6lc6b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-student-textbook-usage-n-98-25ssiw8y.png Figure 2.Student textbook usage N=98 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principles-of-management-by-carpenter-m-bauer-t-ytp1nf7x.png Figure 1. Principles of Management by Carpenter, M., Bauer,T.& Erdogan, B. Source: www.flatworldknowledge.com https://scispace.com/papers/is-gold-a-sometime-safe-haven-or-an-always-hedge-for-equity-u9u4humhcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-markov-switching-capm-for-gold-daily-data-hi4b4ull.png Table 5: Markov-Switching CAPM for Gold – Daily data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-markov-switching-capm-for-gold-weekly-data-zqy92yx4.png Table 4: Markov-Switching CAPM for Gold – Weekly data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-capm-for-gold-uk-and-us-market-daily-data-13e13npd.png Table 3: CAPM for Gold, UK and US market - daily data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-excess-return-on-market-portfolio-ftse-100-and-24o3iz5s.png Figure 4: Excess Return on Market Portfolio (FTSE 100) and Regime - Weekly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-excess-return-on-market-portfolio-dow-jones-and-30mb8qyk.png Figure 5: Excess Return on Market Portfolio (Dow Jones) and Regime - Weekly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-excess-return-on-market-portfolio-s-p-500-and-3jkf43h9.png Figure 8: Excess Return on Market Portfolio (S&P 500) and Regime - Daily https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-excess-return-on-market-portfolio-s-p500-and-regime-3i573qjx.png Figure 6: Excess Return on Market Portfolio (S&P500) and Regime - Weekly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-excess-return-on-market-portfolio-ftse-100-and-xzybomb1.png Figure 7: Excess Return on Market Portfolio (FTSE 100) and Regime - Daily https://scispace.com/papers/is-keiretsu-really-a-source-of-competitive-advantage-for-1rhz7gle6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-three-theoretical-perspectives-on-2umzismn.png Table 1: Summary of Three Theoretical Perspectives on Competitive Advantage https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-supplier-groups-200tuogw.png Table 4 - Comparison between Supplier Groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reliability-analysis-1titwu2e.png Table 3 - Reliability Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-stage-of-supplier-involvement-3t8wh67k.png Table 6: Stage of Supplier Involvement https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-theoretical-sample-for-survey-research-3d05j12a.png Table 2 – Theoretical sample for survey research https://scispace.com/papers/is-static-magnetic-field-exposure-a-new-model-of-metabolic-1unzhk8a4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-basal-metabolic-parameters-in-sham-exposed-c-static-3mi2gbgr.png Table I. Basal metabolic parameters in sham exposed (C), Static Magnetic Field exposed (SMF), and Zucker (Z) rats. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-glucose-response-to-an-ipgtt-in-sham-exposed-c-mo2g5hg5.png Figure 2. (A) Glucose response to an IPGTT in sham exposed (C), Zucker (Z) and SMF-exposed rats (SMF). (B) Insulin response to an IPGTT in sham exposed (C) and SMF-exposed rats (SMF). (C) Insulin response to an IPGTT in sham exposed (C) and Zucker (Z). Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (SEM) for n¼ 4–6 independent experiments. *p5 0.05 vs. C, **p50.01vs. C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-muscular-and-hepatic-parameters-in-sham-exposed-c-1o2joz1y.png Table II. Muscular and hepatic parameters in sham exposed (C), Static Magnetic Field exposed (SMF), and Zucker (Z) rats. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-citrate-synthase-activity-a-lactate-dehydrogenase-1ir95q7s.png Figure 3. Citrate synthase activity (A), Lactate dehydrogenase activity (B), and Hydroxyl-acyl CoA-desydrogenase activity (C) in Soleus (SOL) and Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) in sham exposed (C), SMF-exposed rat (SMF), and Zucker (Z) groups. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (SEM) for n¼6 independent experiments.*p5 0.05 vs. C, **p5 0.01vs. C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-comparison-between-metabolic-alterations-observed-1e2yuow3.png Table III. Comparison between metabolic alterations observed in Static Magnetic Field exposed (SMF) and Zucker (Z) rats. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-em4-hva-electromagnet-dimensions-front-view-a-3cxoqlk5.png Figure 1. Model EM4-HVA Electromagnet dimensions (Front view) (A) and magnetic field propagation (B). B (T)¼Magnetic induction. https://scispace.com/papers/is-there-a-duty-to-obey-the-law-the-problem-and-its-3ttquqghbb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-majors-of-uil-one-act-play-directors-1l2dwejj.png TABLE I MAJORS OF UIL ONE-ACT PLAY DIRECTORS https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-number-of-years-that-uil-one-act-play-directors-8m314cgv.png TABLE XI NUMBER OF YEARS THAT UIL ONE-ACT PLAY DIRECTORS HAVE DIRECTED UIL PLAYS https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-evaluation-of-college-drama-courses-by-uil-one-282qpnaj.png TABLE VIII EVALUATION OF COLLEGE DRAMA COURSES BY UIL ONE-ACT PLAY DIRECTORS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-subjects-being-taught-by-uil-one-act-play-directors-2hoics3j.png TABLE IX SUBJECTS BEING TAUGHT BY UIL ONE-ACT PLAY DIRECTORS https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-reasons-given-by-uil-play-directors-for-feeling-3scxm1ot.png TABLE V REASONS GIVEN BY UIL PLAY DIRECTORS FOR FEELING ADEQUATELY PREPARED https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-uil-play-director-s-opinion-concerning-adequate-7hi96qva.png TABLE IV UIL PLAY DIRECTOR'S OPINION CONCERNING ADEQUATE PERSONAL PREPARATION https://scispace.com/papers/is-there-really-an-export-wage-premium-a-case-study-of-los-tb3g2k0a50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-individual-worker-regressions-1990-and-2000-3noph89o.png Table 4: Individual Worker Regressions, 1990 and 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-initial-and-matched-employee-1y054i9m.png Table 1: Summary Statistics for Initial and Matched Employee-Establishment Data, 2000 and 1990 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-plant-level-wage-regressions-with-average-worker-3fvj1cuz.png Table 3: Plant-level Wage Regressions, with Average Worker Characteristics Added, 1990 and 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plant-level-wage-regressions-1990-and-2000-2ogng7tj.png Table 2: Plant-level Wage Regressions, 1990 and 2000 https://scispace.com/papers/isolated-nocturnal-hypertension-and-arterial-stiffness-in-a-3m9ib9rlfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2p2mzxtn.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/isocaloric-carbohydrate-versus-carbohydrate-protein-5e6akjmft1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-trial-performance-with-ingestion-of-either-k23srmpx.png Figure 3 — Time-trial performance with ingestion of either carbohydrate (CHO) or carbohydrate-protein (CHO-PRO). *Values different between treatments (p = .048). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-exercise-protocol-collection-of-sd61gmqh.png Figure 1 — Schematic of the exercise protocol. *Collection of blood and expired-gas samples and ratings of perceived exertion. #Ingestion of carbohydrate or carbohydrate-protein. WU = warm-up; TT = time trial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-amino-acid-profile-of-the-whey-protein-isolate-that-39236eqv.png Figure 2 — Amino acid profile of the whey-protein isolate that was added to 0.8 g ⋅ kg body mass–1 ⋅ hr–1 of carbohydrate in the carbohydrate-protein solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-substrate-metabolism-and-ratings-of-perceived-341becgs.png Table 1 Substrate Metabolism and Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Muscle Soreness During and After Recovery From Warm-Up, Variable-Intensity Exercise, and Subsequent Cycling Time-Trial With Ingestion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-blood-lactate-concentrations-during-warm-up-3isb7rgt.png Figure 5 — Blood lactate concentrations during warm-up, variable-intensity exercise protocol, and 6-km time trial with ingestion of either carbohydrate (CHO) or carbohydrate-protein (CHO-PRO). WU = warm-up; TT = time trial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-blood-glucose-concentrations-during-warm-up-35uhpa7q.png Figure 4 — Blood glucose concentrations during warm-up, variable-intensity exercise protocol, and 6-km time trial with ingestion of either carbohydrate (CHO) or carbohydrate-protein (CHO-PRO). WU = warm-up; TT = time trial. https://scispace.com/papers/iso-flux-tension-propagation-theory-of-driven-polymer-4cykckasa7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-translocation-time-as-a-function-of-the-chain-3vaifqr2.png FIG. 3. (a) The translocation time as a function of the chain length, N0, for fixed values of the force, f = 5.0, and Aν = 1.15 for various values of ηp. The effective exponent for the shortest chain, N0 = 40, and pore friction ηp = 1.0 is 1.516, while for highest value of pore friction ηp = 10.0 it is 1.260. The effective exponent for the longest chain, N0 = 5 × 105 is 1.588. (b) The effective exponent α(N0) as a function of the chain length for various values of pore friction ηp, and the rescaled exponent that is also plotted as a function of chain length for various ηp. As can be seen, the rescaled exponent curves for different values of ηp collapse on a single master curve, i.e., α †(N0) = 1 + ν, as denoted by rescaled data in the figure. (c) The normalized translocation time, τ/τηp = 0, plotted as a function of pore friction, ηp, for various chain lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-md-data-for-the-probability-distribution-function-bwsitp5e.png FIG. 2. MD data for the probability distribution function multiplied by 4πy2 (yellow bars), with fitting to the MD data shown as a black line. The fitting curve is 4πy2P(y) where P(y) = AyBexp[CyD] and A = 0.4252, B = 1.0310, C = −1.4417, D = 2.6203. Here y = R̃/ √ 〈R̃2〉. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-schematic-picture-of-the-translocation-process-2psm9oia.png FIG. 1. (a) A schematic picture of the translocation process during propagation stage for the trumpet regime. The driving force f acts on polymer at the pore towards the trans side. The length of polymer is N0 and the number of beads that have already been translocated into the trans side is denoted by s̃. The number of beads influenced by the tension in the cis side is l̃ + s̃ which is less than the number of total beads in the polymer N0 during propagation stage. The location of the last blob is determined by R̃. (b) The translocation process when the tension front reaches the chain end and after it for the trumpet regime (post propagation stage). (c) The same as (a) but for the stem-flower regime. τ̃tp,T and τ̃tp,SF define the propagation times in the trumpet and stem-flower regimes, respectively, as in Eq. (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-the-translocation-coordinate-s-t-as-a-function-of-22pijn0m.png FIG. 6. (a) The translocation coordinate, s̃(t), as a function of time, t, when both the force and A ν are deterministic (black solid line), force includes noise but A ν is deterministic (green dashed line), both force and A ν are stochastic (red dashed-dotted line), and the MD data (blue line). (b) The fluctuations of the translocation coordinate, 〈δs̃2(t)〉 ≡ 〈s̃2(t)〉 − 〈s̃(t)〉2, as a function of time for the cases when the force includes noise while A ν is deterministic (green), both force and A ν are stochastic (red), and for MD simulations (blue). Here, we have chosen fixed chain length N0 = 128, external driving force f = 5.0 and the pore friction as ηp = 3.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-waiting-time-w-s-as-a-function-of-the-translocation-3bvz15i1.png FIG. 4. Waiting time, w(s̃), as a function of the translocation coordinate, s̃. Here, we present waiting time for different cases when both of the force and A ν = 1.15 are deterministic (black curve), force is chosen randomly but A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-translocation-time-histogram-as-a-function-of-15xnb0cc.png FIG. 5. The translocation time histogram as a function of translocation time τ . The green bars present the normalized histogram when A ν = 1.15 is deterministic while the external driving force is f = 5.0 and the total force includes the stochastic contribution. The red bars correspond to solutions where A ν (y) is also chosen from Eq. (10). The histogram of the translocation time based on MD simulation is illustrated by blue bars. https://scispace.com/papers/isolating-the-roles-of-individual-covariates-in-reweighting-6z6sbmnmlt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unweighted-and-weighted-sample-means-2000-census-24p96skw.png Table 1: Unweighted and Weighted Sample Means, 2000 Census https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-unweighted-and-reweighted-sample-means-23dze9zz.png Table 1: Unweighted and Weighted Sample Means, 2000 Census https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-109v5ywt.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2xvcsbs6.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contribution-of-covariates-to-the-black-white-log-bleb4dxy.png Table 3: Contribution of Covariates to the Black-White Log Wage Gap https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-monte-carlo-evidence-on-methods-for-isolating-the-1e4awl81.png Table 2: Monte Carlo Evidence on Methods for Isolating the Role of Individual Covariates https://scispace.com/papers/issues-of-processing-and-multiple-testing-of-seldi-tof-ms-2xb9yz6bwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variable-bandwidth-adjusted-p-values-top-6-m-z-3jj4zn2n.png Table 2: Variable Bandwidth: Adjusted p-values; Top 6 m/z Ratios: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-constant-bandwidth-adjusted-p-values-top-10-m-z-xr7rbbs4.png Table 1: Constant Bandwidth: Adjusted p-values; Top 10 m/z Ratios: https://scispace.com/papers/it-doesn-t-matter-but-examining-the-impact-of-ambient-29ht10ezpm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-group-and-total-descriptive-statistics-for-the-3uqgce3i.png Table 3. Group and total descriptive statistics for the components depicting environmental learning before and after the treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-group-and-total-descriptive-statistics-of-the-192d4uyo.png Table 4. Group and total descriptive statistics of the conservation activities performed before and after the treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-questionnaire-used-to-measure-environmental-learning-7rpiaivg.png Table 1. Questionnaire used to measure environmental learning and pro-environmental behaviour: components, questions, and type of questions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-treatments-and-assigned-groups-of-the-2x2-37718ssb.png Table 2. Treatments and assigned groups of the 2x2 experimental design covering the two independent variables “Representational Fidelity” and “Notification Level”. https://scispace.com/papers/j-and-ctod-estimation-equations-for-shallow-cracks-in-single-3os052eefg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-se-b-specimens-modelled-ramberg-osgood-strain-2oswht7l.png Table 1: SE(B) specimens modelled. Ramberg-Osgood Strain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-strain-hardening-on-the-linearity-of-the-3krnsgkh.png Figure 9: Effect of strain hardening on the linearity of the crODlsy - Cfvl0Dpi relation for a/W=0.50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-of-and-ctod-with-lld-and-cmod-for-a-w-o-ozsia5rd.png Figure 6: Variation of] and CTOD with LLD and CMOD for a/W=O.15, n=5 SE(B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-error-associated-with-using-rj-j-c-values-from-eqn-21wi74qd.png Figure 11: Error associated with using rJ J _ C values from eqn. 5.3.2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculation-of-coefficients-in-j-and-ctod-estimation-o8v046k6.png Table 2: Calculation of coefficients in J and CTOD estimation forn1ulas. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-finite-element-model-of-the-a-w-o-25-se-b-specimen-gq94smnq.png Figure 2: Finite-element model of the a/W=O.25 SE(B) specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-of-and-ctod-with-lld-and-cmod-for-a-v-o-1ol98ohg.png Figure 6: Variation of] and CTOD with LLD and CMOD for a/W=O.15, n=5 SE(B). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-relationship-between-strain-hardening-coefficient-3vqvh680.png Figure 12: Relationship between strain hardening coefficient (n) and ultimate to yield ratio (R) for a Ramberg-Osgood material. https://scispace.com/papers/it-s-where-you-work-increases-in-earnings-dispersion-across-1ao5phb0lh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-correcting-establishment-earnings-dispersion-using-3iyxq4bw.png Table A-1. Correcting Establishment Earnings Dispersion Using LEHD https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-increase-in-top-5-earners-other-earners-g5v3oisa.png Table 4: Effect of Increase in Top 5% Earners/Other Earners Gap to Inequality and of Increased Establishment Differentials on Top 5% /other earners gap https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-decomposition-of-lehd-earnings-with-26zglr28.png Table 3. Variance Decomposition of LEHD Earnings with Individual Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-variance-across-individuals-cps-1977-2009-1977-y48rp7ja.png Table A-2. Variance across individuals, CPS 1977-2009. 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2009 Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-growth-in-variance-components-within-and-between-2542rush.png Table 2. Growth in variance components within and between establishments. Stayers and all employees, LEHD data 1992-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-variance-of-revenues-per-worker-and-earnings-per-yqplg8y9.png Table 6. Variance of Revenues Per Worker and Earnings Per Worker, 1977-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-level-and-changes-in-variance-in-ln-earnings-between-30p0schp.png Table 1. Level and Changes in Variance in Ln Earnings Between and Within Establishments, 9 LEHD states 1992-2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variance-of-ln-earnings-individuals-and-36yvv9ur.png Figure 1. Variance of ln(earnings) individuals and establishments, 1977-2009 https://scispace.com/papers/j-waves-are-associated-with-the-increased-occurrence-of-life-2viz24m9bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kaplan-meier-curves-in-patients-with-dilated-2c9n1im8.png Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier curves in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (A) Concomitant J waves tended to be associated with increased occurrence of appropriate device therapy in 35 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. (B) Among 43 patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-details-of-j-waves-in-the-patients-with-and-without-ky95ksdj.png Table 3. Details of J waves in the Patients with and without Appropriate Device Therapy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-design-patients-excluded-from-the-analysis-1liczran.png Figure 1. Study design. Patients excluded from the analysis are indicated by arrows directed to the right. ICD indicates implantable cardioverter defibrillator; and IQR, interquartile range. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-8uuorowk.png Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients with and without J Waves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-cases-of-j-waves-a-notched-j-waves-14ilv17m.png Figure 2. Representative cases of J waves. (A) Notched J waves (arrows) with horizontal/descending ST-segment in the inferior leads were recognized in a 73-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy. (B) Notched J waves (arrows) with horizontal/descending https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kaplan-meier-curves-for-the-primary-endpoint-there-2wreeaxh.png Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier curves for the primary endpoint. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of appropriate device therapy between the patients with and without J waves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariable-and-multivariable-cox-proportional-1gw55fhu.png Table 2. Univariable and Multivariable Cox Proportional Regression Analyses for the Occurrence of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias or Sudden Death https://scispace.com/papers/james-webb-space-telescope-primary-mirror-integration-3orqj17mkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mwif-integration-at-tbt-1lr142g6.png Figure 1. MWIF integration at TBT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-illustration-of-step-measurement-phase-wrapping-2ekxdc0w.png Figure 4. An illustration of step-measurement phase wrapping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-segment-gaps-spanning-multiples-of-a-shorter-13obpc6y.png Figure 5. Segment gaps spanning multiples of a shorter wavelength can be resolved by measuring at two wavelengths to create a longer synthetic wavelength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-illustration-of-correctly-choosing-the-correct-3okd0fto.png Figure 6. An illustration of correctly choosing the correct unwrapping of adjacent surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-global-alignment-estimation-for-a-comatic-pupil-22ehbzw8.png Figure 14. Global alignment estimation for a comatic pupil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-step-down-uncertainty-and-bias-60k338rd.png Figure 7. Illustration of step down uncertainty and bias. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-synthetic-wavelength-data-for-a-reference-sphere-15tvkxjx.png Figure 12. Synthetic wavelength data for a reference sphere with tilt fringes (wavefront power and tilt removed). Diagonal fringe print-through errors are observable in the map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-pupil-maps-for-each-step-of-a-tbt-phasing-1l3ud7qa.png Figure 13. Pupil maps for each step of a TBT phasing experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/jamming-during-the-discharge-of-granular-matter-from-a-silo-421j9410px 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sad-mean-avalanche-sizeksl-vs-r-in-a-semilogarithmic-3ow22gdt.png FIG. 7. sad Mean avalanche sizeksl vs R in a semilogarithmic scale for spherical grains of different types: Delrinsnd, glass of two and three mm in diameterssd, lead of 2 and 3 mms.d, steels,d, rough glasss1d, and glass with high size dispersionshd. sbd Mean avalanche sizeksl vs R in a semilogarithmic scale for different grain shapes. The symbolsh, s, and n are experimental points for spheres, rice, and pasta grains, respectively. The solid line is the fit with Eq. s1d with g=6.909, which remains constant for all the shapes, whileRc andA change considerably. This can be observed in the inset, where the mean avalanche sizeksl vs 1/sRc−Rd is plotted in a logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sad-normalized-histogram-for-spherical-grains-with-1qzi14d6.png FIG. 8. sad Normalized histogram for spherical grains with different material properties. Delrins d, glass of two and three mm in diameterssd, lead of 2 and 3 mms.d, steels,d, rough glasss1d, and glass with high size dispersionshd. All the histograms were obtained forR between 2 and 3.sbd Normalized histogram for rice shd and lentilsssd with R=2.72 andR=2.2, respectively. Note that both figures are plotted in a semilogarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-probability-that-one-grain-passed-through-the-21xlpd0m.png FIG. 9. Probability that one grain passed through the outletspd vs R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-properties-of-the-different-grains-used-in-this-work-3e5uy6pu.png TABLE I. Properties of the different grains used in this work.e is the restitution coefficient andu is the angle at which an avalanche develops in a pile of grains. Note that for nonspherical beads,rs and rb are the small and large radius, respectively.req is the sphere equivalent radius for the volume of each grain. For spherical beads,req i the radius of the sphere. The errors are the standard deviations of the results obtained for several measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sad-a-diagram-of-the-pasta-grains-andsbd-two-9hsfzyjq.png FIG. 2. sad A diagram of the pasta grains andsbd two photographs of the glass beads beforesrightd and aftersleftd the treatment with fluorhidric acidsseries 2 and 5, respectivelyd. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-avalanche-size-distribution-for-spherical-glass-1nigca82.png FIG. 10. The avalanche size distribution for spherical glass beads.h, n, L, ands correspond toR=1.74, 2.23, 2.42, and 3.07, respectively. Solid lines correspond to Eq.s5d ssee text for details of the fitting procedured. The corresponding values of the parametersp and a are p=0.615, a=1.94sR=1.74d; p=0.913, a=2.69sR =2.23d; p=0.938, a=3.70sR=2.42d; and p=0.992, a=18.52sR =3.07d. Inset: the same graph in a semilogarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-two-regimes-marked-in-fig-3sad-are-shown-in-two-1yj8grbh.png FIG. 4. The two regimes marked in Fig. 3sad are shown in two separate graphs. Insad, in logarithmic scale, a power law fits the avalanches smaller than the mode. Insbd the exponential tail is shown in a semilogarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sad-histogram-for-the-number-of-grainss-that-fall-bld0v37c.png FIG. 3. sad Histogram for the number of grainss that fall between two successive jams. Data correspond toR=3 sbeads have a diameter of 2 mm, and the circular orifice is 6 mm wided. The two different regimes are separated with a vertical dashed line. In the inset is shown the position of the mode for differentR. sbd First return map is plotted for a series of avalanches, i.e., the avalanche sizent vs the next avalanche sizent+1. Note thatt is just a correlative index ordering the sequence of avalanches. https://scispace.com/papers/jassa-crustacea-amphipoda-a-new-morphological-and-molecular-1y9uo2cif6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-jassa-valida-dana-1853-adult-female-3-6-mm-bbwb3-1dciaamu.png FIGURE 35. Jassa valida (Dana, 1853). Adult female, 3.6 mm, BBwB3, Babitonga, Brazil (26.239°S, 48.647°W), 5 Sept. 2017, A. Desiderato, coll., from settling plate (MNRJcarcino 029821). All views medial. Scale 0.1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-88-jassa-alonsoae-conlan-1990-holotype-adult-male-1tpk2h0m.png FIGURE 88. Jassa alonsoae Conlan, 1990. Holotype, adult male, major form, 11.1 mm, ZMH K-33619; allotype, female, 9.8 mm, ZMH K-33635; paratype, adult male, minor form, 9.3 mm; paratype, large juvenile male, 12.8 mm; paratype, small juvenile male, 4.6 mm. South Georgia (54°30’58ʺS, 36°0’45ʺW), 16 January 1884, Deutsche Polar Commission, K. von den Steinen, coll., station 7804 (ZMH K-8017A). All views lateral. Setae omitted from the gnathopod 2 profiles except for those around the thumb and spines of the males in order to landmark position changes with growth. Scale 0.1 mm. Illustration after Conlan (1990). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-49-jassa-herdmani-walker-1893-variation-in-thumb-39zznieo.png FIGURE 49. Jassa herdmani (Walker, 1893). Variation in thumb length relative to body length in males from Plymouth Sound, England, 14 April 1937, D. M. Reid, coll., from a buoy (SNM). Arrows refer to the associated gnathopod illustrations. The subadult male had a thumb visible inside the cuticle, indicating that it would molt next into a thumbed adult. Setae omitted except for those around the thumb and spines in order to landmark position changes with growth. All views lateral. Scale 0.1 mm. Linear regression assumptions failed for all plots. Illustration after Conlan (1990). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-68-jassa-staudei-conlan-1990-holotype-adult-male-3etwsbsz.png FIGURE 68. Jassa staudei Conlan, 1990. Holotype, adult male, major form, 6.0 mm, NMCC 1987-1074; allotype, adult female, 5.5 mm, NMCC 1987-1075; paratype, adult male 1, minor form, 5.1 mm, NMCC 1987-1076. Adult male 2, minor form, 4.2 mm, Edward King Island, British Columbia, 10 July 1976, E. L. Bousfield, coll., station B28, dip net collection at low water, amongst Phyllospadix, kelp, sponges and under rock, 1976-157 (CMN). All views medial. Appendages are of the holotype unless noted otherwise. Scale 0.1 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-summary-of-the-time-series-graphs-for-male-j-2i9bq6wp.png TABLE 14. Summary of the time series graphs for male J. staudei (Figs. 69–72). Collections were made by Craig Staude from 23 June 1985 to 23 Feb. 1987 from the pressure head tanks for the marine lab aquaria at Friday Harbor Laboratories, Washington. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-acronyms-for-institutions-that-provided-specimens-j066fqi5.png TABLE 1. Acronyms for institutions that provided specimens, with their former names in brackets as used in Conlan (1990). Loans from private collectors follow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-73-jassa-staudei-conlan-1990-variation-in-thumb-35y1b59a.png FIGURE 73. Jassa staudei Conlan, 1990. Variation in thumb length relative to body length in thumbed males from four populations collected in June on the Pacific coast of North America, ordered by latitude. West side of Wouwer Island, British Columbia, 27 June 1976, E. L. Bousfield, coll., station B7, low water collection, bedrock, Phyllospadix, kelp, sponges, ~12 °C, ~32+ psu, 1976-157 (CMN). Friday Harbor Laboratories, San Juan Island, Washington, west pressure head tank for marine lab aquaria, 3 June 1986, C. Staude, coll., IZ1984-175 (CMN). Shelter Cove, Point Delgada, California: 5 June 1986, P. Shaw, coll., formalin wash of open coast shallow subtidal algae and bryozoans (Aglaophenia Lamouroux, 1812), >33psu, rocky coast, strong surge. Albion Cove, California, 29 June 1978, J.R. Chess, coll., airlift pump of fouling community on rock substrate, 20 m depth, IZ1986-071 (CMN). Linear regression assumptions passed for the adult major form males at Friday Harbor and Point Delgada. Linear regression statistics: Friday Harbor: Major form, thumb length = -0.587+ 0.168 x body length, r2 = 0.893, n = 7; Point Delgada: Major form, thumb length = -0.489 + 0.168 x body length, r2 = 0.885, n = 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-jassa-slatteryi-conlan-1990-variation-in-gnathopod-410ne4lo.png FIGURE 25. Jassa slatteryi Conlan, 1990. Variation in gnathopod 2 propodus length relative to body length in a single population of males and females on a settling plate from Deukryang Bay, The Republic of Korea, May–July 1981, J.S. Hong, coll., A2020.0035 (CMN). Linear regression assumptions passed for the subadult male. Linear regression statistics: subadult male, Gn2 propodus length = -0.435 + 0.324 x body length, r2 = 0.916, n = 15. https://scispace.com/papers/jefferson-lab-phenomenology-an-overview-1fzzw9dn9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ratio-of-form-factors-measured-using-the-lt-jlj4pwls.png Figure 2. The ratio of form factors measured using the LT separation (open squares) and polarization transfer [13] (circles) techniques, together with the global fit (dashed line) to the LT data [10]. The unshifted LT data represent a binned average of all LT separated data points with normalization factors determined by the global fit in Ref. [10]. Filled squares show the shift in the LT results due to the two-photon-exchange corrections (offset for clarity), and the solid line shows the effect on the global fit. (From Ref. [14].) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ratios-of-polarized-to-unpolarized-u-and-d-quark-3vuxci82.png Figure 3. Ratios of polarized to unpolarized u and d quark distributions in the proton from Ref. [23] (filled circles) compared with earlier HERMES data (open circles) and various models and parameterizations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-invariant-mass-of-the-nk-system-with-strangeness-s-1605n7tg.png Figure 1. Invariant mass of the nK+ system, with strangeness S = +1, from Ref. [4], showing a sharp peak at a mass 1.542 GeV. The solid line is a fit to the peak on top of the smooth background (dashed line). The dotted curve is the simulated background, and the dot-dashed histogram shows the spectrum of events associated with Λ(1520) production. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proton-f-p2-structure-function-data-from-jefferson-38c4ixjo.png Figure 4. Proton F p2 structure function data from Jefferson Lab and SLAC in the resonance region in the range 0.06 < Q2 < 3.30 GeV2, as a function of the variable ξ [24]. The solid curve is a fit to deep inelastic data at the same ξ but higher (W 2, Q2), shown here at Q2 = 5 GeV2. https://scispace.com/papers/jml-based-verification-of-liveness-properties-on-a-class-in-416i92quj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-class-buffer-yet3yh6p.png Figure 1: Class Buffer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-buffer-with-generated-annotations-8gvl6r4q.png Figure 3: Buffer with generated annotations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-path-execution-semantics-of-jml-annotations-8m75b3m2.png Figure 2: Path execution semantics of JML annotations https://scispace.com/papers/job-flow-dynamics-and-firing-restrictions-evidence-from-dbrytf2w66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spearman-correlations-between-job-reallocation-and-24kxqp62.png Table 1: Spearman Correlations between job reallocation and cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cyclicality-of-jc-and-jd-and-epl-28onidpo.png Figure 3: The cyclicality of JC and JD and EPL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sectoral-employment-growth-stan-vs-amadeus-2w5529uz.png Figure 1: Sectoral Employment Growth. STAN vs. AMADEUS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cyclicality-of-job-reallocation-and-epl-17bi0li7.png Figure 2: The cyclicality of Job Reallocation and EPL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-response-of-job-flows-to-changes-in-epl-as-a-2rmrol5a.png Figure 4: The response of job flows to changes in EPL as a function of the business cycle when country dummies are excluded https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-response-of-job-flows-to-changes-in-epl-as-a-28wnv5ed.png Figure 5: The response of job flows to changes in EPL as a function of the business cycle controlling for country effects https://scispace.com/papers/job-satisfaction-of-bank-employees-in-bangladesh-4hvkcyjjw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlation-analysis-3b4zazvc.png Table 4: Pearson Correlation Analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overall-level-of-employee-satisfaction-in-banks-1krv36xh.png Table 2: Overall level of employee satisfaction in Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-employee-satisfaction-in-1zakaj72.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics of employee satisfaction in Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-the-45-items-distributed-into-six-6-sub-264npt0l.png Table 1: shows the 45 items distributed into six (6) sub-dimensions namely: Details, Job Satisfaction, Work Conditions, Pay, Fairness, and Promotion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-hypothesis-test-1my7mn68.png Table 5: Hypothesis Test. https://scispace.com/papers/job-referral-networks-and-the-determination-of-earnings-in-3x5p8be5kb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-offer-function-estimates-28itfnxh.png Table 3: Offer Function Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-probability-of-transition-to-each-decile-b0xln31j.png Figure 1: Cumulative probability of transition to each decile of the wage premium (ψ) distribution, by decile of origin https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-quantile-regression-estimates-976f47hc.png Table 6: Quantile Regression Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-of-transition-to-each-decile-of-the-33cwaqy1.png Figure 2: Probability of transition to each decile of the wage premium (ψ) distribution, by decile of origin https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spatial-autocorrelation-function-block-level-means-thfqlf8l.png Figure 4: Spatial Autocorrelation Function: block-level means https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-autocorrelation-function-tract-level-means-vw0ix76z.png Figure 3: Spatial Autocorrelation Function: tract-level means https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3l2tkkpc.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-heterogeneous-referral-effects-2l2gklmd.png Table 5: Heterogeneous Referral Effects https://scispace.com/papers/joint-buffer-aided-hybrid-duplex-relay-selection-and-power-4jvyi5gjid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-average-secrecy-rate-with-delay-constrained-vs-target-91ofu1ea.png Fig. 10. Average secrecy rate with delay constrained vs. target delay in Case 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-average-secrecy-rate-with-delay-constrained-vs-2bp1okse.png Fig. 9. Average secrecy rate with delay constrained vs. training iterations in Case 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-structure-of-ddqn-based-scheme-with-the-priori-2oka0376.png Fig. 4. The structure of DDQN-based scheme with the priori information in buffer-aided cognitive relay networks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-positions-of-nodes-jo20j1l4.png TABLE I: Positions of Nodes https://scispace.com/papers/joint-importance-of-multistate-systems-yid4kcoq54 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-joint-reliability-importance-of-states-2dgbhgl7.png Table 5. Joint reliability importance of states https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-joint-reliability-importance-of-components-uy5poaas.png Table 6. Joint reliability importance of components https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reliabilities-of-components-and-the-system-3hoi33c5.png Table 2. Reliabilities of components and the system https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-structural-importance-of-components-23lz0x2l.png Table 3. Structural importance of components https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-component-states-3k95uahc.png Table 1. Component states https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-joint-structural-importance-of-components-3262rpah.png Table 4. Joint structural importance of components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-offshore-electrical-power-generation-system-9pkb3g9r.png Figure 1. The offshore electrical power generation system https://scispace.com/papers/joint-emotional-state-of-children-and-perceived-3jjpjo9c4j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-all-the-constituent-measurements-of-joint-emotional-28owlj22.png Table 2: All the constituent measurements of joint emotional profile and their correlations with the perceived effectiveness of the collaboration, and satisfaction from the collaboration. (p-value: * < .05; ** <.01). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-of-steps-from-the-individual-time-series-of-11ipybjx.png Figure 4: Summary of steps from the individual time series of emotions to group’s emotional cross recurrence. Each colour represents a different emotion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-computing-the-high-low-cr-episodes-the-2zgjyxci.png Figure 5: Example of computing the high/low CR episodes. The green line in the top panel shows the theoretical base line which is the probability of two people having the same emotion (out of 7 emotions) at the exact same moment which is 1/27, i.e., 0.008. The red line in the top panel shows the median for this particular team. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-final-model-for-satisfaction-from-the-collaborative-3olb5z2j.png Table 4: Final model for satisfaction from the collaborative coding sessions. Percentage of variance explained = 65.3; all p-values are less than .05 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-satisfaction-and-emotional-cross-recurrence-with-1qt580zh.png Figure 11: Satisfaction and emotional cross recurrence, with the linear model (blue line) and the error (gray area). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-perceived-effectiveness-and-proportion-of-uyu44f6b.png Figure 10: Perceived effectiveness and proportion of emotional cross recurrence, with the linearmodel (blue line) and the error (gray area). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-finalmodel-for-perceived-effectiveness-of-the-50fd9217.png Table 3: Finalmodel for perceived effectiveness of the collaborative coding sessions. Percentage of variance explained = 61.6; all p-values are less than .05 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-perceived-effectiveness-and-proportion-of-happiness-1oymqbyc.png Figure 6: Perceived effectiveness and proportion of happiness, with the linear model (blue line) and the error (gray area). https://scispace.com/papers/joint-map-tomographic-reconstruction-with-patch-similarity-4xu4qf9n5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-phantom-images-1muahqy3.png Fig. 3. Simulated phantom images. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-snr-between-the-reconstructed-phantom-images-in-fig-2uj440fe.png TABLE II SNR BETWEEN THE RECONSTRUCTED PHANTOM IMAGES (IN FIG. 4 AND FIG. 5) AND THEIR GROUND TRUTH PHANTOM IMAGES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameter-setting-in-the-experiments-on-clinical-14obmzr9.png TABLE III PARAMETER SETTING IN THE EXPERIMENTS ON CLINICAL DATA https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-phantom1-sl-reconstruction-using-the-psm-prior-jxqjji4r.png TABLE VI PHANTOM1-SL RECONSTRUCTION USING THE PSM PRIOR ALGORITHM: SNR AND CPU COMPUTATION TIME (SECONDS) ACCORDING TO THE SIZES OF THE PATCH n AND THE NEIGHBORHOODN . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-reconstruction-results-according-to-the-sizes-of-n-ud2iadgj.png Fig. 10. Reconstruction results according to the sizes of N and n. Zoomed regions of interest are also illustrated in red line boxes. Each image is associated with the couple (N ,n) having the same index in TABLE VI. Let’s note that it is not easy to distinguish the differences between the images reconstructed with a size of N equal to 11×11 and 13×13 especially when n is equal to 7×7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-high-dose-reconstructions-for-the-simulated-data-35fwa4fv.png Fig. 5. High dose reconstructions for the simulated data Phantom2-SH. (a), FBP1 reconstruction using Ramp filter; (b), FBP2 reconstruction using the Hanning filter with cutoff at 80% Nyquist frequency;(c), TV prior reconstruction; (d), Huber prior reconstruction; (e), MRP reconstruction; (f), The proposed PSM prior reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-cpu-times-seconds-for-each-bayesian-based-24d8glhl.png TABLE V CPU TIMES (SECONDS) FOR EACH BAYESIAN BASED RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-impact-of-different-initial-conditions-on-the-2fltjg05.png Fig. 7. Impact of different initial conditions on the reconstruction results. (a), FBP reconstructed initial image; (b), unitary initial image. https://scispace.com/papers/jpeg-pleno-toward-an-efficient-representation-of-visual-1u996ew1co 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plenoptic-capture-of-a-pinhole-camera-scanning-a-3h2vkvg9.png Figure 1. Plenoptic capture of a pinhole camera scanning a scene. The rays of light passing through the pinhole correspond to values of the plenoptic function along different directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-end-to-end-plenoptic-processing-flow-the-processing-vcze0eys.png Figure 2. End-to-end plenoptic processing flow. The processing flow represents an architecture of key components in typical plenoptic content coding and decoding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-conceptual-illustration-of-the-plenoptic-function-3r6cxrb7.png Figure 3. A conceptual illustration of the plenoptic function of a scene represented by different modalities: (a) a texture and (b) depth map, (c) a point cloud, (d) a light field, and finally (e) the amplitude and (f) phase components of a full parallax hologram. https://scispace.com/papers/june-2017-the-earliest-european-summer-mega-heatwave-of-1fjiatza6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatio-temporal-evolution-of-the-june-2017-heatwave-nln8i4qc.png Figure 1. Spatio-temporal evolution of the June 2017 heatwave for selected days of (a) the onset, (b) the peak, and (c) the decaying phase. The regions under heatwave conditions are represented with red shading and the heatwave center with green crosses. (d) Total number of heatwave days (shading) for 10–23 June 2017, with red dots indicating regions where the heatwave persistence was record-breaking for June. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-distributions-of-t2m-anomalies-in-degc-averaged-3em4mrbd.png Figure 4. (a) Distributions of T2m anomalies (in °C) averaged over Iberia for 10–23 June 2017 as derived from random periods (purple boxplots) and Z500 flow analogues (blue and orange boxplots) of the past (1948–1979, two left boxplots) and present (1980–2016, two right boxplots) climate. (b) Flow-conditioned probability of exceeding a T2m threshold (T0, x axis) over Iberia in the past (blue) and present (orange) climate. The black line represents the estimated contribution of dynamical changes, after adding the difference between the “thermodynamically adjusted” distributions to the past probability. In both panels the red line represents the observed T2m anomaly of the event over Iberia for 10–23 June 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-differences-of-the-mean-z500-field-in-gpm-2l073lq5.png Figure 3. Spatial differences of the mean Z500 field (in gpm, shading) for the 15–21 June 2017 period and the composite (in gpm, contours) of all: (a) June, (b) July, and (c) August ridges over the 15°W–15°E sector. https://scispace.com/papers/jumping-finite-automata-for-tweet-comprehension-bkyn0ghenc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-wordnet-adapted-from-9-1xdisrqg.png Figure 1: Structure of WordNet, Adapted from [9] . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-atc-system-architecture-3t5jotgh.png Figure 4: ATC System Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transition-diagram-tweet-string-in-example-1-1z4y6fl6.png Figure 3: Transition Diagram tweet string in Example 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-jfa-symbols-table-2q7maxgi.png TABLE 1: JFA symbols table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-transition-process-22l4q6tz.png Figure 2: Transition process https://scispace.com/papers/juvenile-hormone-interacts-with-multiple-factors-to-modulate-1fbo1gn1mr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-jh-effects-on-ovarian-development-dominance-rank-37l653zc.png Figure 4: JH effects on ovarian development, dominance rank and threatening displays in groups of four orphan workers of similar body size and treatment. (A) ovarian state, (B) threatening displays, (C) Dominance Index and (D) Correlation between mean oocyte length and range of dominance index. Data were square-root transformed to normalize the distribution for statistical analysis. Other details as in Fig. 1&2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-the-influence-of-treating-the-ranked-individual-19ov5awd.png Table 1A. The influence of treating the ranked individual with P-I on (i) the terminal oocyte length, (ii) the change in the number of threatening displays and (iii) the change in the dominance index for all bees in the group as function of their dominance rank (variables were square-root transformed for the statistical analyses). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-the-influence-of-treating-the-ranked-individual-css1n333.png Table 2B. The influence of treating the ranked individual with JH-III on (i) the terminal oocyte length, (ii) the change in the number of threatening displays and (iii) the change in the dominance index for all bees in the group as function of their dominance rank (variables were square-root transformed for the statistical analyses). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-jh-on-dominance-rank-in-groups-that-have-1mkme9qa.png Figure 5: Effect of JH on dominance rank in groups that have already established dominance hierarchies. Left column – Exp. 4A in which we reduced JH levels for the most dominant individual; right column – Exp. 4B in which we elevated JH for the most subordinate individual. (A) ovarian state, (B) threatening displays. and (C) Dominance Index. The letters on the x-axis show the treatment groups: S=Sham, T=Treatment (P-I or JH), B=before the treatment and A=after the treatment). Data were square-root transformed to normalize the distribution for statistical analysis. Other details as in Figs. 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dose-dependent-effect-of-topical-treatments-with-1x6pegan.png Figure 1: Dose-dependent effect of topical treatments with Precocene-I and Juvenile hormone on worker ovarian development: (A) Treatment with Precocene-I (P-I). The allatotoxin P-I was mixed with castor oil and amounts were adjusted according to the bee body size (4.0-5.2µl/ bee; see Table S1 for details). (B) Replacement therapy with juvenile https://scispace.com/papers/k-link-shortest-paths-in-weighted-subdivisions-50ywj5mq0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-solid-line-path-is-part-of-an-optimal-k-link-w77qxxcn.png Fig. 3. (a) The solid line path is part of an optimal k-link path. The dotted path represents a normalized path. (b) The solid line path represents a single turn in an optimal k-link path. The dotted path represents a normalized path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-wedge-count-at-each-step-represents-the-number-of-2aq26u99.png Fig. 8. The wedge count at each step represents the number of active problems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-prune-and-search-progress-after-a-zero-b-one-and-c-2u51w3ei.png Fig. 7. Prune-and-search progress after (a) zero, (b) one, and (c) twenty one steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-dotted-line-path-represents-an-optimal-k-link-path-1mmfjety.png Fig. 4. The dotted line path represents an optimal k-link path. The solid line path represents a 2k approximation made up of optimal links and “small” connecting, edgecrawling links. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-the-original-transverse-ct-scan-b-a-trace-of-1sfha6pi.png Fig. 6. (a) The original transverse CT scan, (b) a trace of structural elements in the scan and (c) the triangulation of that structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-hourglass-for-which-the-formula-for-d-l-does-not-2tkmigpe.png Fig. 1. An hourglass for which the formula for d(l) does not change. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-steiner-strip-formed-by-lines-l1-and-l2-may-g4v57dvy.png Fig. 5. A Steiner strip formed by lines l1 and l2 may intersect edges that are more coarsely (a) or more finely (b) sampled. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-three-consecutive-links-l1-l2-and-l3-b-the-middle-8x5fyb0d.png Fig. 2. (a) Three consecutive links l1, l2, and l3; (b) the middle link ends on edges; (c) an inside region turn with a link ending on an edge and (d) an inside turn with a link stopped at a vertex of the subdivision. https://scispace.com/papers/karyotype-analysis-in-argentinean-species-of-caesalpinia-499ptguxv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pairwise-comparisons-of-karyotypic-features-among-1hw853f6.png Table 4 — Pairwise comparisons of karyotypic features among the studied Caesalpinia species by means of Tukey’s test: A1= intrachromosomal asymmetry index, A2 = interchromosomal asymmetry index, kl = haploid karyotype length, C = mean chromosome length, R = ratio between the largest and the smallest chromosomes of the complement, r = mean arm ratio. An asterisk indicates statistically significant differences. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-six-karyological-variables-from-the-1b56cxak.png Table 3 — Comparison of six karyological variables from the studied Caesalpinia species by ANOVA (p <0.05). df = degrees of freedom, * = statistically significant differences. A1: intrachromosomal asymmetry index; A2: interchromosomal asymmetry index; kl: haploid karyotype length; C: mean chromosome length; R: ratio between the largest and the smallest chromosome of the complement; r: mean arm ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-upgma-phenogram-derived-from-average-taxonomic-y04q4xlf.png Fig. 4 — UPGMA phenogram derived from average taxonomic distance for the Caesalpinia species studied based on karyological data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-idiograms-for-caesalpinia-species-2n-24-a-c-gilliesii-1q41nxs4.png Fig. 3 — Idiograms for Caesalpinia species, 2n = 24. A: C. gilliesii. B: C. mimosifolia. C: C. paraguariensis. All at the same scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-populations-studied-of-caesalpinia-species-all-from-3aa2nqz1.png Table 1 — Populations studied of Caesalpinia species, all from Argentina, province of San Luis. The numbers within brackets indicates (the number of individuals studied for each accession, the number of studied cells). Vouchers were deposited at the Herbarium from the Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL) and were determined by Ing. L. Del Vitto. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-karyotype-data-from-caesalpinia-species-studied-kl-3i7qkzha.png Table 2 — Karyotype data from Caesalpinia species studied. kl: haploid karyotype length, C: average chromosome length, r: average arm ratio, R, ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosome of the complement, A1: intrachromosomal asymmetry index, A2: interchromosomal asymmetry index, St: Stebbins' (1971) asymmetry category. Lengths are given in µm. The asterisk indicates that the second chromosome pair bears satellites on the short arm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photomicrograph-of-a-polyploid-mitotic-metaphase-of-18asbbke.png Fig. 2 — Photomicrograph of a polyploid mitotic metaphase of Caesalpinia paraguariensis (2n = 48). Bar 5 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/kbac-knowledge-based-admission-control-145wogu6p1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-numerical-values-of-the-parameters-used-for-each-9z1f2dzv.png TABLE I NUMERICAL VALUES OF THE PARAMETERS USED FOR EACH ADMISSION CONTROL SOLUTION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-knowledge-plane-where-p-is-the-packet-1son6boi.png Fig. 1. Example of a Knowledge Plane, where P is the packet delay https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-admission-control-solutions-performance-overall-the-312h9tlt.png TABLE II ADMISSION CONTROL SOLUTIONS PERFORMANCE OVERALL THE SIMULATION TIME USING TRACE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-instantaneous-performance-of-admission-control-13j49fsv.png Fig. 4. Instantaneous performance of admission control solutions using trace 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-admission-control-solutions-performance-overall-28x5ikzw.png TABLE III ADMISSION CONTROL SOLUTIONS PERFORMANCE OVERALL THE SIMULATION TIME USING TRACE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-instantaneous-performance-of-admission-control-4ydldu90.png Fig. 5. Instantaneous performance of admission control solutions using Trace 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-on-going-traffic-conditions-over-the-communication-q45jdocf.png Fig. 3. On-going traffic conditions over the communication link https://scispace.com/papers/kek-6-a-truncated-trk-like-receptor-for-drosophila-36f6uqz2on 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-keks-bind-dnts-a-diagram-of-chimaeric-kek-toll-6-ha-2ujqcq83.png Fig 2. Keks bind DNTs. (A) Diagram of Chimaeric Kek-Toll-6-HA receptors, bearing the extracellular and transmemebrante domains of Keks and the intracellular signaling domain of Toll-6 (left). Chimaeric receptors visualized with anti-HA antibodies are https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kek-6-and-dnt2-can-induce-active-zones-and-nmj-growth-29j9yz1m.png Fig 5. Kek-6 and DNT2 can induce active zones and NMJ growth. Confocal images of NMJs from A3-4 muscle 6/7 (left, higher magnification deail of areas indicated by asterisks), and box-plot graphs (right), showing: (A) Over-expression of kek6 in motoneurons had no effect on HRP+ NMJ size, but it increased Brp+ active zones. HRP: Student t test n.s. p = 0.07; Brp: Mann-Whitney U test ***p<0.001.(B) Over-expression of full-length DNT2 in muscle increased NMJ size (HRP) and active zones (Brp), revealing a retrograde function. HRP: Mann-Whitney U test *p<0.05; Brp: Student t test **p<0.01. (C) Over-expression of both full-length DNT2 and mature DNT2-CK in motoneurons induced active zone formation. Brp DNT2-CK: Student t test **p<0.01, and Brp DNT2-FL: Mann-Whitney U test ***p<0.001. n = 29–66 hemisegments. See S1 Table. MN = D42GAL4; Muscle = MhcGAL4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-retrograde-dnt2-binds-pre-synaptic-kek-6-activating-2q9qdrlb.png Fig 12. Retrograde DNT2 binds pre-synaptic Kek-6 activating CaMKII and regulating structural synaptic plasticity. (A) Illustration of Kek-6 compared to Trk isoforms. DNT2 binds Kek-6, which functions via CaMKII and VAP33A downstream. (B) Pre-synaptic motoneuron terminal at the NMJ: DNT2 is produced at the muscle and secreted, binds pre-synaptic Kek-6, functioning via CaMKII and VAP33A downstream. DNT2 also binds Toll-6 which can interact with Toll-6. (C) The concerted functions of DNT2 and its two receptors Kek-6 and Toll-6 regulates NMJ growth and synaptic structure. Kek-6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-kek6-and-dnt2-mutants-have-smaller-nmjs-and-impaired-2gvzmhg2.png Fig 4. kek6 and DNT2 mutants have smaller NMJs and impaired locomotion. (A) Plotted trajectories of filmed larvae, and (B) histograms of percentage frames at each speed analysed with FlyTracker. Kruskal-Wallis p<0.0001 and ***p<0.001 post-hoc Dunn test, n 22344 frames. (C-E) Speed distribution classified into arbitrary categories. (C) Mutants spend more time at the lowest speeds than controls, generally do not crawl at the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-kek-6-and-toll-6-interact-for-nmj-structural-18drxcyz.png Fig 7. Kek-6 and Toll-6 interact for NMJ structural homeostasis. (A) Toll-6GAL4>mCD8-GFP is distributed in FasII+ motoneuron axons (arrows) at the muscle 6/7 NMJ terminal. (B) Muscle 6/7 NMJs (left) and box-plot graphs (right) showing: Toll-6MIO2127/Df(3L)BSC578 mutants had fewer 1b boutons. Toll-6–/ –and Toll-6MIO2127Df(3R)6361/kek635 Df(3L)BSC578 double mutants had smaller NMJs (HRP, Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.0001) with reduced branching, and reduced active zones (Brp, Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.0055), post-hoc Dunn for both *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. Pre-synaptic over-expression of kek-6 in motoneurons in Toll6-/-mutants (w; UASkek-6/+; Toll-6MIO2127GAL4/ Df(3L)BSC578) did not rescue NMJ size, but upregulated Brp+. Over-expression of activated Toll-6CY did not affect NMJ size (HRP) but increased active zones. N = 34–46 hemisegments. (C) Co-immunoprecitation from co-transfected S2 cells: Precipitating Toll-6 and Toll-7 with anti-Flag brought down Kek-6 detected with anti-HA. IP: immuno-precipitation; WB: western blot; asterisk: co-IP. See S1 Table. MN = D42GAL4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-kek6-activates-camkii-at-the-nmj-nmjs-from-a3-4-muscle-319q5ozr.png Fig 9. Kek6 activates CaMKII at the NMJ. NMJs from A3-4 muscle 6/7 (left), and box-plot graphs (right), NMJs, labeled with anti-pCaMKIIT287 for the constitutively active form; anti-Dlg for post-synaptic boutons; anti-HRP for presynaptic axonal terminal length; anti-Brp for active zones. Brp and pCaMKIIT287 were quantified automatically with DeadEasy Synapse. Higher magnification details are of areas indicated by asterisks. (A, B) Over-expression of kek-6 in motoneurons increased pCaMKIIT287 levels, which was rescued with the over-expression of the CaMKII inhibitor Ala (A) or CaMKII RNAi knock-down (B) pre-synaptically. Kruskal-Wallis p<0.0001 and **p<0.01, ***p<0.001posthoc Dunn for both graphs. (C,D) CaMKII inhibition with Ala (C) or knock-down with CaMKII-RNAi (D) rescued the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kek-6-is-expressed-pre-synaptically-in-motoneurons-and-353pjvv3.png Fig 3. Kek-6 is expressed pre-synaptically in motoneurons and binds post-synaptic DNT2. (A) In Kek-6GFP larval VNCs, GFP colocalises with the neuronal marker HB9 (arrows show examples). (B) Kek-6GFP was found in third instar larval muscle 6/7 NMJ and synaptic boutons (dotted rectangle: higher magnification, right). (C) Kek-6GFP was found in the motoneuron axonal terminal (arrows), and in pre-synaptic bouton lumen (dotted rectangle: higher magnification, right), not colocalising with the post-synaptic marker anti-Dlg (arrows).(D) Kek-6>FlyBow was localized to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-keks-are-trk-like-receptors-expressed-in-the-cns-a-1qgz6oro.png Fig 1. Keks are Trk-like receptors expressed in the CNS. (A) Modular composition of TrkB, TrkB-T1, Dror, Otk and Drosophila LIGs. (B) Amongst the LIGs, Keks are closer to the Trks than any other mammalian or Drosophila LIGs, adapted from the phylogeny of Mandai et al.[22]. (C,D) mRNA distribution in embryos: CG15744, lambik and CG16974 are not expressed in the VNC (arrows) above background, but lambik is in PNS and CG16974 in muscle precursors (arrowheads); kek-1, kek-2 and kek-6 transcripts are found in the VNC, and kek5GAL4>tdTomato drives expression in VNC and PNS (right) neurons. (E) Over-expression of keks– most prominently kek2 and 6 -in all neurons with elavGAL4 rescued the cold semi-lethality of DNT141 DNT2e03444 double mutants, n = 52–313 pupae. Chi-square and Bonferroni multiple comparisons correction. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. For statistical details see S1 Table. https://scispace.com/papers/keratinocytic-epidermal-nevi-are-associated-with-mosaic-ras-2y83bw55nm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mutation-analysis-of-keratinocytic-epidermal-nevi-1owqz807.png Table 1 Mutation analysis of keratinocytic epidermal nevi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mutational-analysis-of-keratinocytic-epidermal-nevi-1wtfdfde.png Figure 1 Mutational analysis of keratinocytic epidermal nevi. (A) Mutation distribution (WT, wildtype). (B) The HRAS p.G13R mutation is present in the epidermal nevus but absent from normal epidermis, indicating a strong association between the mutation and the epidermal hyperplasia. https://scispace.com/papers/kernel-density-estimation-based-multiphase-fuzzy-region-2axikv3zfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-phase-segmentation-the-first-and-fourth-columns-50896111.png Figure 1: Two-phase segmentation. The First and Fourth columns: synthetic images; the Second and Fifth columns: segmentation results; the Third and Sixth columns: membership functions u1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-of-the-membership-functions-with-1vibiq8b.png Figure 7: Evolution of the membership functions with different initializations on a zebra image. The final results from top to bottom are obtained at iterations 105, 270, 150 and 240 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-two-phase-sar-image-segmentation-the-first-column-p66n3u9x.png Figure 8: Two-phase SAR image segmentation. The First column: SAR images; the Second column: segmentation results; the Third column: membership functions u1; the Fourth column: segmentation results of the other methods: (d) by the method in [15]; (h) and (l) by the method in [16]; (p) by the method in [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-phase-image-segmentation-the-first-column-2gq72b9r.png Figure 3: Three-phase image segmentation. The First column: synthetic images; the Second column: segmentation results; the Third column: membership functions u1; the Fourth column: membership functions u2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-three-phase-sar-image-segmentation-a-sar-image-b-2tcitzyz.png Figure 9: Three-phase SAR image segmentation. (a) SAR image; (b) segmentation result by the proposed method; (c) membership function u1; (d) membership function u2; (e) segmentation result by method in [29]; (f) segmentation result by method in [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-four-phase-image-segmentation-a-synthetic-image-b-2uboqeyq.png Figure 4: Four-phase image segmentation. (a) synthetic image; (b) segmentation result; (c) membership function u1; (d) membership function u2; (d) membership function u3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-phase-image-segmentation-the-first-column-13cd2wno.png Figure 2: Two-phase image segmentation. The First column: synthetic images; the Second column: segmentation results; the Third column: membership functions u1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-phase-image-segmentation-the-first-column-2y6rkyix.png Figure 5: Two-phase image segmentation. The First column: natural images; the Second column: segmentation results; the Third column: membership functions u1 https://scispace.com/papers/kilometer-long-ordered-nanophotonic-devices-by-preform-to-6n6wcn2wvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-integrated-optoelectronic-device-fiber-a-semmicrograph-2fyammvo.png Fig. 5. Integrated optoelectronic device fiber. (a) SEMmicrograph of the entire cross section of a 650-µm-thick device fiber with 200-µm chalcogenide glass core surrounded by a PES cladding. The core region is surrounded by a resonant cavity structure. (b) A magnified micrograph showing the cavity structure. (c) Spectrometric fiber mesh-grid. (d) Broadband FTIR spectra of device fibers with different outer diameters. (e) Measured back-reflected light power from the same three device fibers when illuminated with a tunable OPO laser beam. (f) Simultaneously measured photocurrents through the device fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-preform-to-fiber-approach-yields-novel-fibers-and-2jy870f0.png Fig. 1. Preform-to-fiber approach yields novel fibers and functional fiberbased devices. (a) A spectrally tunable fiber photodetector consisting of a photoconductive glass core surrounded by an externally reflecting PBG structure containing a resonant cavity. (b) An integrated self-heat-monitoring hollow-core PBG fiber transmits a high-power laser beam while monitoring temperature inside the fiber by MSM thin-film heat sensors. (c) A dual electron–photon fiber transmits light through a hollow core surrounded by a mirror structure and electrical signal via metallic microwires along the length of the fiber. (d) Nonlinear, all-solid, nanostructured chalcogenide glass/polymer fibers for supercontinuum light generation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-micrographs-of-the-integrated-self-heat-monitoring-3facudxs.png Fig. 6. SEM micrographs of the integrated self-heat-monitoring fiber. (a) Entire cross section. (b) Cylindrical omnidirectional Bragg mirror. (c) MSM heat sensor. (d) Calculated band diagram of the cylindrical multilayer PBG structure and the corresponding measured broadband transmission spectrum (solid line). (e) Thermal photograph of a fiber containing a single localized defect, along with the measured (circles) and fitted (solid line) temperature distribution along the fiber. (f) Calculated current as a function of the maximum temperature along the fiber for a constant dissipated power (solid line) and three experimental points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-thermal-and-optical-properties-of-glasses-and-2er8bh9h.png TABLE I THERMAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASSES AND POLYMERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fabrication-steps-for-nanostructured-fibers-and-fiber-2j7fj1h4.png Fig. 2. Fabrication steps for nanostructured fibers and fiber devices. (a) An amorphous glass is synthesized from elements in an evacuated quartz tube. (b) The glass rod is assembled with an insulating polymer shell and four metal electrodes. (c) A polymer sheet is rolled around the structure to confine the metal conduits inside the polymer. (d) A high-refractive-index glass is thermally evaporated on both sides of a meter-long thin polymer film uniformly. (e) The evaporated film is rolled around the structure obtained in (c). The final structure is then thermally consolidated in a vacuum oven in order to get a solid preform rod. (f) The preform is thermally drawn to kilometer-long mesoscopic-scale fibers containing micro- and nanostructures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dual-electron-photon-transport-fiber-a-semmicrograph-1s5qxzwo.png Fig. 7. Dual electron–photon transport fiber. (a) SEMmicrograph of the cross section of the hybrid fiber with a 800-µm hollow core, omnidirectional mirror layers, metallic filament array, and polymer cladding. (b) Magnified SEM micrograph of eight pairs of quarter wave dielectric As2Se3/PEI multilayers with submicrometer feature sizes and a metallic microwire. (c) Measured transmission spectra of three fibers having different outer diameters exhibiting PBG guidance through the air core. The primary and the second-order photonic bandgaps are located at 1.62 and 0.8 µm for the 980-µm-thick fiber, and are shifted to longer wavelengths as the fiber diameter increases. (d) Measured electrical current along the 980-µm-thick, 15-cm-long fiber, as a function of the applied bias voltage. (e) Schematics of the laser-assisted atom or particle guidance through hollow-core hybrid fibers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-fibers-and-fiber-devices-produced-by-using-1ppsql6j.png Fig. 3. Examples of fibers and fiber devices produced by using the preform-tofiber technique. Hollow-core, all-dielectric omnidirectional PBG fibers to guide laser light at different wavelengths. (a) 10.6 µm. (b) 1.06 µm. (c) Hexagonal photonic crystal structure in fiber. A high-refractive-index glass (bright region) is embedded in a low-index polymer matrix. (d) Kilometer-long amorphous semiconducting nanowires in a polymeric fiber. (e) Integration of optical (PBG multilayer mirror, left) and electrical (Sn microwire, right) elements in a fiber. (f)–(h) Fiber-based MSM light or heat sensors. Successful thermal drawing of a multimaterial preform yields the following. (g) Functional mesoscopic devices. (h) Functional mesoscopic devices in large length scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-nonlinear-microstructured-all-solid-small-core-3v6u1wuf.png Fig. 8. Nonlinear, microstructured, all-solid, small-core chalcogenide/ polymer fiber. (a) SEM micrograph of the cross section of a small-core fiber. (b) Magnified SEM shows 9-µm glass core (As2Se3) and four rings of glass/polymer nanostructured cladding. (c) Microscopic image of light coming out from a small-core fiber at 1.6-µm wavelength. (d) Broadband FTIR transmission spectrum for a bulk-glass disk and a large-core (300-µm) fiber. (e) Material dispersion for bulk As2Se3 glass obtained from ellipsometric measurements. (f) Output spectra for 1.7-mW average input power. (g) Spectral broadening at 56-mW input power. https://scispace.com/papers/kinematic-a-tensors-and-dynamo-mechanisms-in-a-von-karman-137o4nc16d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-non-dimensional-experimental-mean-velocity-in-a-1tfzk27z.png FIG. 2: a) Non-dimensional experimental mean velocity in a meridional plane. b) non-dimensional azimuthal velocity in the blades synchronized on the blade crossing vs non dimensional time. Green: LDV measurements; red: running average; black: time average; blue: blade velocity. c) Nondimensional numerical mean velocity. d) Radial vortices as observed with streamlines in the CFD simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-geometry-of-the-experiment-the-shaded-blue-zone-1cy1k2g8.png FIG. 1: a) Geometry of the experiment. The shaded blue zone denote the rotating fluid volume used in the numerical simulation. b) Reconstruction of the dynamo magnetic field in a meridional plane in a VKS experiment with rotating bottom disk and stationary upper disk (after[3]). The poloidal (resp. toroidal) component is coded with arrows (resp. color). Measuring probes are in white. c) Putative in-blades vortice creating the α-effect. https://scispace.com/papers/kinematic-and-moisture-characteristics-of-a-nonprecipitating-3y88y9qlap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-coded-a-c-radar-reflectivity-and-b-d-doppler-21jv24ay.png FIG. 3. Color-coded (a), (c) radar reflectivity and (b), (d) Doppler velocity (scales at the bottom) measured by the Dodge City WSR-88D (DDC) at 0.5° elevation for (a), (b) 1904 and (c), (d) 2036 UTC. Surface observations are overlaid in (a) and (c); Garden City (GCK), Ness City (NES), and Hays (HYS) are highlighted in (b) and (d). Plotting conventions for temperature, dewpoint temperature, wind, the cold front, and the dryline are the same as in Fig. 1. Locations of the dropsondes deployed between 1927–1950 and 2045–2109 UTC are marked by signs in (c) and (d). The location of the inner observational domain is highlighted as box B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-northwest-southeast-vertical-cross-section-across-the-2pode3fm.png FIG. 5. Northwest–southeast vertical cross section across the cold front based on nine 25-km-spaced dropsondes deployed from the Flight International Lear Jet between 1927 and 1950 UTC. (a) Contours of virtual potential temperatures ( ) and mixing ratio (q), drawn as solid black and gray lines, respectively, are shown along with winds (half barb is 2.5 m s 1 and full barb is 5 m s 1). (b) Same as in (a), but with contours of equivalent potential temperature ( e) instead of . In both (a) and (b), a mixing ratio 11 g kg 1 is shaded gray. The ground level is shown by dash–dot black lines. The gray and black dashed lines indicate the regions where extended interpolation of , e, and q was required due to relative data sparsity that resulted from erroneously biased relative humidity measurements that could not be used for the analysis. The approximate location of the surface cold front is indicated by the black line below ground level with filled triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-same-as-in-fig-8-but-for-horizontal-profiles-of-1uwxasx1.png FIG. 9. Same as in Fig. 8, but for horizontal profiles of vertical velocity (solid black lines) and mixing ratio (solid gray lines) at each UW King Air flight level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-a-conceptual-model-of-the-kinematic-structures-in-an-3m1by3m2.png FIG. 15. (a) Conceptual model of the kinematic structures in an atmospheric gravity current (modified from Smith and Reeder 1988). Streamlines are indicated by lines with arrowheads; magnitude is related to their thickness. The solid line terminated by dashes indicates the interface between the warm and cold air. Vertical cross section of the color-coded ELDORA (b) reflectivity and (c) radial velocity (scales at the bottom) measured during the aft scan of the antenna at 2036 UTC (P3-Leg7). Positive (negative) radial velocity represents movement away from (toward) the aircraft. Range rings are centered around the aircraft (indicated by aircraft symbol) flying at 1.3-km MSL. The kinematic boundary based on Fig. 10 and the Doppler velocity in (c) is indicated as solid line. The conceptualized airflow is depicted by lines with arrowheads in (c); line thickness is related to the magnitude and primarily based on observations shown in Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermodynamic-parameters-from-the-dodge-city-1e5lfht9.png TABLE 1. Thermodynamic parameters from the Dodge City sounding launched at 1800 and 2100 UTC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-parameters-and-measurement-uncertainty-necessary-for-3p5qr6d5.png TABLE 5. Parameters and measurement uncertainty necessary for the Froude number calculation in Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-configuration-characteristics-of-eldora-and-leandre-1w30j893.png TABLE 4. Configuration characteristics of ELDORA and LEANDRE II mounted onto the NRL-P3 aircraft as implemented on 10 Jun 2002. The along-track resolution is based on an average aircraft speed of 115 m s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-in-fig-7-but-for-horizontal-profiles-of-wind-16p9bp5d.png FIG. 8. Same as in Fig. 7, but for horizontal profiles of wind direction (solid black lines) and wind speed (solid gray lines) at each UW King Air flight level. https://scispace.com/papers/kinetic-modeling-of-light-limitation-and-sulfur-deprivation-1homb3px74 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-model-parameters-1zzj3xd4.png Table I. Model parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-simulation-results-for-total-biomass-extracellular-1eiiabb4.png Figure 9. Simulation results for total biomass, extracellular sulfur concentration, intra and q0 ¼ 110 mmol photon m 2 s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representation-of-photosynthetic-activity-21cf3b1x.png Figure 3. Representation of photosynthetic activity inhibition terms as a function of the intracellular sulfur quota Q, for the original Droop model, and for the adapted inhibition function f(Q) given by Equation (10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-oxygen-gas-release-according-to-the-change-in-yj38gzit.png Figure 8. Oxygen gas release according to the change in biomass for a discontinuous culture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under standard medium (q0 ¼ 300 mmol photon m 2 s 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-the-sulfur-medium-content-on-the-1sdv7ur2.png Figure 6. Effect of the sulfur medium content on the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth. S and D have been measured in steady state conditions (q0 ¼ 245 mmol photon m 2 s 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-representation-of-the-function-f-q-obtained-by-21qnk480.png Figure 7. Representation of the function f(Q) obtained by regression on the experimental points according to the intracellular sulfur quota Q. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-evolution-with-time-of-sensitivity-functions-of-x-2mxmdvuk.png Figure 13. Evolution with time of sensitivity functions of X, S, and Q associated with model parameters mmax, YS/X, Qm, ms, and KS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-photobioreactor-3nbx6wga.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the photobioreactor operating system in turbidostat mode. https://scispace.com/papers/kinetic-instability-of-ion-acoustic-mode-in-permeating-2jrjkzykx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-critical-threshold-values-of-the-1duw78wb.png FIG. 1. Color online The critical threshold values of the flowing plasma velocity for the ion-acoustic wave instability in terms of the number density of the static target plasma. Here cse 2 = Tse /mi, N0=1017 m−3. https://scispace.com/papers/kinetics-of-laser-induced-low-temperature-crystallization-of-53sos5ad75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-raman-spectra-of-undopeda-si-h-films-before-and-after-2ionbo8v.png FIG. 2. Raman spectra of undopeda-Si:H films before and after laser induced crystallization for various times and fixed laser power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-raman-spectra-of-undopeda-si-h-films-before-and-after-2n0tuu13.png FIG. 1. Raman spectra of undopeda-Si:H films before and after the therma crystallization in vacuum~of 1026 Torr) for 30 min. Unannealed: continu ous line; annealed at 910 K: dotted line; annealed at 940 K: dashed lin https://scispace.com/papers/kinship-and-social-organization-in-copper-age-europe-a-cross-1f116kslbn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-principal-component-analysis-using-600000-autosomal-2ixwxiho.png Fig 4. Principal Component Analysis using ~600000 autosomal genetic markers on 990 present-day West Eurasians (shown as grey circles). Ancient individuals are projected onto the first two principal components computed on the present-day individuals, to avoid the effects of ancient DNA damage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scatter-plot-of-87sr-86sr-and-d18oc-isotope-ratios-of-19gp7u9p.png Fig 8. Scatter plot of 87Sr/86Sr and δ18Oc isotope ratios of the individuals of the Irlbach and Alburg cemeteries. Outlier graves are numbered (below the datapoint) and sex and age at death (above the datapoint) are indicated. The yellow background represents the local range of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio, the green background that of δ18Oc. Typical 87Sr/86Sr errors are 0.00001. Note that the δ18Oc outlier of IRL 2 is not shown in this graph as we could not get a 87Sr/86Sr ratio value for this young adult woman. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pie-chart-of-mtdna-haplotype-distribution-of-a-irlbach-g2qh3yn3.png Fig 3. Pie chart of mtDNA haplotype distribution of A) Irlbach and B) Alburg, in comparison C) with the Bell Beaker cemeteries around Augsburg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-kinship-pattern-indicated-and-genealogy-reconstructed-31ln8j9s.png Fig 7. Kinship pattern indicated and genealogy reconstructed for the Irlbach cemetery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-and-plans-of-the-two-late-bell-beaker-culture-c9garuab.png Fig 1. Location and plans of the two late Bell Beaker culture cemeteries of Irlbach and Alburg (Straubing, Bavaria, Germany); the graves nos. 11, 15, 16 and 17 from the Alburg cemetery are shown as examples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-kinship-pattern-indicated-and-genealogy-reconstructed-p7cthtnq.png Fig 6. Kinship pattern indicated and genealogy reconstructed for the Alburg cemetery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-genetic-sexing-results-of-the-a-irlbach-and-b-alburg-4ktlublc.png Fig 2. Genetic sexing results of the A) Irlbach and B) Alburg cemeteries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-social-institutions-as-a-model-9a-exogamy-and-male-gx6macnm.png Fig 9. Social institutions as a model: 9A: Exogamy and male foundation of new settlements within existing patterns. 9B: Exogamy and male foundation of new settlements in period of geographical expansion. 9C: Kinship diagram of the reconstructable ProtoIndo-European terms for relatives of the marital partners. The wealth of words for relatives on the husband’s side versus the absence of those on the wife’s side is consistent with a system of patrilocal exogamy. https://scispace.com/papers/kms-weights-on-higher-rank-buildings-45d2ujp0up 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-boundary-graph-b-of-the-rank-2-building-b-3tg28hkg.png Figure 2. The boundary graph B∂ of the rank 2 building B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-rank-2-building-b-29h4gwwt.png Figure 1. The rank 2 building B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sectors-defining-the-sets-a-a-1-b-2d6653l2.png Figure 3. Sectors defining the sets A±a−1,b. https://scispace.com/papers/knowledge-based-organization-evaluation-3k5sz162d0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-parameters-z70hvdlm.png Table 2 The parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-changing-expected-growth-rate-of-1a5qg4jp.png Figure 3 The effect of changing expected growth rate of revenue (μ) on the company value https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-effects-of-changes-in-the-volatility-of-7z63pq0c.png Figure 1 The effects of changes in the volatility of revenues (σ) on company value https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-effect-of-changing-volatility-of-the-expected-nk4jfpqd.png Figure 2 The effect of changing volatility of the expected growth rate of revenue (η ) on company value https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-financial-data-of-lotus-1989-1994-gdzjzsa1.png Table 1 Financial data of Lotus (1989-1994) https://scispace.com/papers/knowing-what-the-peer-knows-the-differential-effect-of-1gjd59fcrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-screenshot-of-the-kat-condition-during-the-concept-map-2ad42r5k.png Fig. 1. Screenshot of the KAT condition during the concept-map building phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-prior-knowledge-asymmetry-on-the-individual-level-2b2vwkot.png Fig. 3. Prior-Knowledge-Asymmetry on the individual level plotted against the relativelearning-gain for the control and KAT conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pair-level-prior-knowledge-asymmetry-on-the-individual-3f8ndkgf.png Fig. 2. Pair-level Prior-Knowledge Asymmetry on the individual level plotted against the pairlevel relative-learning-gain for the control (dashed line) and KAT (plain line) conditions https://scispace.com/papers/knowledge-discovery-in-biological-data-sets-using-a-hybrid-732o4qog3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-gaussian-smoothing-on-the-computation-of-3324n62o.png Fig. 3. Effects of Gaussian smoothing on the computation of effective marginal probabilities. Assuming that the current feature value falls in the center bin (black rectangle), and assuming σ = 2, then the two surrounding bins on either side (grey rectangles) also contribute to the effective marginal probability for the current feature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-of-the-ec-chromosome-for-optimization-of-8qcyqbwz.png Fig. 4. An example of the EC chromosome for optimization of the nonlinear discriminant coefficients. A four-dimensional problem is shown. Each coefficient, Ci, in the discriminant function is determined by the chromosome weight, Wi, and the masking field, Mi. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-execution-times-wall-clock-time-for-200-generations-26enkd6p.png TABLE II Execution times (wall clock time) for 200 generations of GA optimization of the knn and nonlinear discriminant function classifiers. For each data set, the number of features (d), the number of classes (C), the combined training and tuning set size (n), and the mean execution time (hours:minutes:seconds) over 50 runs are shown. Each run was executed on a single 250MHz UltraSPARC-II cpu of a six-cpu Sun Ultra-Enterprise system with 768 MB of system RAM. Runs were executed in sets of 5 with no other user processes present on the system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-the-nonlinear-weighted-bayes-discriminant-1qxitjy7.png TABLE I Results of the nonlinear-weighted Bayes discriminant function (Nonlinear) on various data sets from the UCI Machine Learning data set repository, averaged over 50 runs. Train/Tune refers to the accuracy obtained when reclassifying the data used by the EC in tuning (optimizing) feature subsets and weights. Test refers to the accuracy obtained on an independent test set for each experiment, disjoint from the training and tuning sets. The number of features is the mean number of features used in classification over all 50 runs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-accuracy-of-various-classifiers-on-the-hypothyroid-1j9lro09.png TABLE III Accuracy of various classifiers on the hypothyroid and appendicitis diagnosis data sets. Results for the discriminant function classifiers are averaged over five GA experiments. Results for the GA/knn classifier represent the best of five experiments. Train/Tune refers to the accuracy obtained in reclassifying the GA tuning set; Test refers to bootstrap accuracy over 100 bootstrap sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-d-dimensional-binary-vector-comprising-a-single-1xh36ywf.png Fig. 1. A d-dimensional binary vector, comprising a single member of the GA population for GA-based feature selection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-bayes-decision-rule-is-invariant-to-linear-1i9h84j9.png Fig. 2. The Bayes decision rule is invariant to linear transformations of the feature space. For the feature shown here, the raw feature values (a) have been multiplied by 10 in (b). Using a nonparametric Bayes classifier, we find that the original feature value falls in the bin 14–16 (black rectangle) in the original histogram. The scaled feature falls in the equivalent bin of histogram b, and the histogram values (marginal probabilities) of the two bins are identical, so the scaling has no bearing on the classification results. https://scispace.com/papers/kpis-for-measuring-performance-of-production-systems-for-2ymhvmpfo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-volume-flexibility-kpi-rogalski-3011m7js.png Figure 3 – Illustration of the volume flexibility KPI (Rogalski, 2011, p.48) Rogalski’s (2011) definition of Mix Flexibility reads: “The mix flexibility characterizes the stability and consequently the mobility of a production system in abandoning single products or variations concerning the production spectrum, without endangering the economical product fabrication.” (Rogalski, 2011, p.31). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-mix-flexibility-kpi-rogalski-e3l7mqsn.png Figure 4- Illustration of the mix flexibility KPI (Rogalski, 2011, p.48). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-classification-matrix-for-production-systems-for-3rx6yg55.png Figure 1 Classification matrix for production systems for residential building (Jonsson and Rudberg, 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-research-design-2yy2f62i.png Figure 2. Overview of the research design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cases-b-and-e-mapped-in-classification-matrix-to-2gp0hcti.png Figure 5 - Cases B and E mapped in classification matrix to illustrate the use of KPIs for comparing different production systems for residential building. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attributes-used-to-evaluate-and-validate-kpis-214wym5s.png Table 2 – Attributes used to evaluate and validate KPIs (Beatham et al., 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-key-characteristics-for-the-five-case-2uniqh77.png Table 1 – Summary of key characteristics for the five case companies in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-how-well-the-defined-kpis-adhere-to-the-1soiud1d.png Table 4 – Summary of how well the defined KPIs adhere to the validation criteria (Beatham et al., 2004) in Table 2 Quality One of the case companies already measured quality this way, but only for one type of defect. Another of the case companies had plans to implement a similar KPI in the near future. This indicates that the KPI fulfil attribute 1 and 2. A possible barrier was however noted, that it can be difficult to collect the necessary data to be able to calculate the KPI (attribute 3). However, Case B and D possessed all the necessary data indicating that also attribute 3 is fulfilled, whilst case A and C only measured the production cost. The KPI is a financial metric (attribute 5). Furthermore, if the cost for rectifying errors and defects is measured and can be compared between different production systems, it can be useful when designing/choosing production system and hence fulfil attribute 4. In summary, the https://scispace.com/papers/kosovo-women-s-knowledge-and-awareness-of-human-371zkk9utd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-women-included-in-the-37w8y0xn.png Table 1 Demographic characteristics of women included in the study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-women-ever-vaccinated-against-hpv-3m99ugpx.png Table 2 Percentage of women ever vaccinated against HPV https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-womens-knowledge-and-awareness-of-hpv-infection-the-1z8gofek.png Table 3 Women’s knowledge and awareness of HPV infection, the HPV vaccine, and the connection between HPV, cervical cancer, and STIs. https://scispace.com/papers/ks-burden-assessing-distributional-differences-of-rare-3dtpvj9tgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrative-example-of-the-ks-test-applied-to-a-32k2qz2v.png Fig 1. Illustrative example of the KS test applied to a genomic region. The arrow indicates the larges distance between the two cumulative distribution functions of affected and unaffected individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-type-1-error-rate-for-various-rare-variant-tests-2hh3nl7i.png Fig 7. Type 1 error rate for various rare variant tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-frequency-of-rare-non-synonymous-mutations-per-1rdpgv5t.png Fig 2. Overall frequency of rare non-synonymous mutations per gene in HSCR data set. https://scispace.com/papers/l1-regularization-path-algorithm-for-generalized-linear-ekd5n8wjfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-the-left-panel-the-exact-solutions-were-computed-31722i3v.png Figure 1: In the left panel, the exact solutions were computed at the values of λ where the active set changed, and the solutions were connected in a piecewise linear manner. The right panel shows the paths with exact solutions at much finer grids of λ; we controlled the arc length to be less than 0.1 between any two adjacent values of λ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-coefficient-estimates-computed-from-the-whole-33mvftbs.png Table 2: The coefficient estimates computed from the whole data, the mean and the standard error of the estimates computed from the B bootstrap samples, and the percentage of the bootstrap coefficients at zero. For the variables with zero coefficients, over 60% of the bootstrap estimates were zero. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-bootstrap-distributions-of-the-standardized-c5d0fy5r.png Figure 3: The bootstrap distributions of the standardized coefficients: Under the assumption that the original data were randomly sampled from the population, the histograms display the distributions of the coefficient estimates chosen by BIC criterion. As marked by the red vertical bars, coefficient estimates from the whole data that are nonzero fall near the mean of the bootstrap distributions. For the predictors whose coefficients are zero, the histograms peak at zero. The thick vertical bars show the frequencies of zero coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-the-top-panel-the-coefficients-were-computed-at-2v0ko30m.png Figure 5: In the top panel, the coefficients were computed at fine grids of λ, whereas in the bottom panel, the solutions were computed only when the active set was expected to change. Similar to the GLM path examples, the exact coefficient paths shown on the top plot are almost piecewise linear; it is difficult to distinguish the two versions generated by different step sizes of λ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-as-shown-in-the-first-row-the-first-two-strategies-3tnhknx4.png Table 1: As shown in the first row, the first two strategies of selecting the step lengths, with a comparable number of steps, achieved much lower accuracy than the third. The first two methods needed a few hundred steps to yield the same accuracy that the third method achieved in only 13 steps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-with-a-cross-validation-error-of-1-38-and-a-test-1768okar.png Table 3: With a cross-validation error of 1/38 and a test error of 2/34, L1 penalized logistic regression is comparable to or more accurate than other competing methods for analysis of this microarray dataset. Although we did not perform any pre-processing to filter from the original 7129 genes, the automatic gene selection reduced the number of effective genes to 23. UR refers to univariate ranking; RFE refers to recursive feature elimination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-first-plot-shows-the-exact-set-of-paths-the-341nifzh.png Figure 2: The first plot shows the exact set of paths; the coefficients were precisely computed at 300 different grids of λ ranging from 81.9 to 0, with the constraint that every arc length be less than 0.01. The vertical breaks indicate where the active set is modified, and the L1 norm of the coefficients forms the x-axis. Comparing this plot to the second panel, which we achieved in 13 steps rather than 300, we find that the two are almost identical. The bottom panel represents the paths as a function of step-number, to illustrate how minor the corrections are. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-first-panel-shows-the-coefficient-paths-we-2lo5sm30.png Figure 4: The first panel shows the coefficient paths we achieved using the training data; the size of the active set cannot exceed the sample size at any segment of the paths. The vertical line marks the chosen level of regularization (based on cross-validation), where 23 variables had nonzero coefficients. The second panel illustrates the patterns of 10−fold cross-validation and test errors. As indicated by the vertical line, we selected λ where the cross-validation error achieved the minimum. https://scispace.com/papers/la-question-ou-et-l-outillage-geographique-2iaq1wsdcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-un-exemple-de-systeme-simple-3vm3gg1z.png Figure 1 : Un exemple de système simple https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-combinaison-des-perspectives-diachroniques-et-3im9tu4e.png Figure 2 : Combinaison des perspectives diachroniques et synchroniques dans l’explication des localisations https://scispace.com/papers/lab-on-chip-with-microalgal-based-biosensor-for-water-52tte6jrxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-normalised-electroluminescence-spectra-the-spectra-1j02chhq.png Figure 3. Normalised electroluminescence spectra (the spectra are normalised with respect to the maximum emission) of devices A, B and C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-open-circuit-potential-of-ag-agcl-reference-2gitpj8s.png Figure 2. Open circuit potential of Ag/AgCl reference microelectrode in 0.1M potassium chloride solution vs an Ag/AgCl commercial reference electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-structure-of-blue-oleds-m9179yke.png TABLE I. STRUCTURE OF BLUE OLEDS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chlamydomonas-reinhardtii-absorption-spectra-in-3jp9h5gh.png Figure 1. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii absorption spectra in High Salt Medium with the adjusted pH 6.8. and O2 production during photosynthesis at different excitation wavelengths. https://scispace.com/papers/labor-market-segmentation-theory-reconsidering-the-evidence-4piefht3ue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cont-anqx1g0v.png TABLE 3 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-estimates-for-single-and-dual-labor-market-22ccukh4.png TABLE 1 PARAMETER ESTIMATES FOR SINGLE AND DUAL LABOR MARKET MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-composition-of-employment-by-occupation-wiy893t4.png TABLE 3 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothetical-scatter-plot-standard-human-capital-1yc5kpbw.png Figure 1. Hypothetical Scatter Plot-Standard Human Capital Theoiy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hypothetical-scatter-plot-dual-market-theory-1eqk6vvf.png Figure 2. Hypothetical Scatter Plot-Dual Market Theory https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-industry-employment-2w78ty1g.png TABLE 2 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-dual-labor-market-classification-31hit19v.png TABLE 4 COMPARISON OF DUAL LABOR MARKET CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cont-2k2q86k4.png TABLE 2 (cont.) https://scispace.com/papers/labor-market-distortions-rural-urban-inequality-and-the-gjsr6yx3w0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-incremental-household-impacts-of-wto-accession-in-3nkhdqjn.png Table 6. Incremental Household Impacts of WTO Accession in the Absence of and in the Presence of Labor Market Reforms in China (EV as % of households’ income, 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-baseline-calibration-a095k7cw.png Table 3. Summary of Baseline Calibration https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-implications-of-china-s-reforms-in-2007-change-34v68wka.png Table 4. Implications of China's Reforms in 2007 (% change) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-per-capita-income-by-location-stratum-and-vingtile-r2ztk6q7.png Table 1. Per Capita Income, by Location, Stratum and Vingtile (Yuan, 1997) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-incremental-household-impacts-of-labor-market-3acbtesk.png Table 5. Incremental Household Impacts of Labor Market Reforms in China (EV as % of households’ income, 2007) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-educational-attainment-by-location-stratum-31uj79m7.png Table 2. Average Educational Attainment, by Location, Stratum and Vingtile https://scispace.com/papers/laboratory-beach-profile-dynamics-and-responses-to-changing-3a1cypicn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-laser-signal-responses-to-waves-being-turned-off-32kt1yzk.png Figure 10: Laser signal responses to waves being turned off at the end of an experiment (wave generator stops at Time = 60 s) to measure the time for the water surface to settle enough for the lasers to return a stable reading. In this case, after shut down the process takes less than two minutes; although times will vary depending on wave conditions and equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-1-results-overview-of-all-nourishment-experiments-1dgmdihw.png Table 5.2.1: Results overview of all nourishment experiments. Experiment (ID); water level change (SLR); observed shoreline recession (Rshore); mean recession of the profile (Rm); profile limits for calculating each model; the recession (R) predicted by the Bruun Rule (Bruun), Rosati et al.’s modification (R13), Eq. (3.5.2), and the Profile Translation Model (PTM); along with the overtopping-deposition volume (VD); nourishment volume (VN); and percentage error (%Error) of each prediction concerning Rshore, where a positive %Error indicates an overprediction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-1-comparison-of-measured-offshore-limits-and-39aavfko.png Table 6.3.1: Comparison of measured offshore limits and predicted offshore limits of Hallermeier’s formulae (Eq. (2.2.1) and Eq. (2.2.2)) and 3.5Hsig. Bold indicates the predictions closest to the measured h*. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-1-cumulative-integrated-net-sediment-transport-qs-eoxsx5jf.png Figure 3.4.1: Cumulative integrated net sediment transport (Qs∙δtcumulative) and relative shoreline response of the profile under the cyclic wave climate. The profile had reached a repeatable cycle with the cyclic wave climate by t ≈ 60hours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-1-bruun-rule-profile-response-and-framework-yrxj1iy3.png Figure 1.1.1: Bruun rule profile response and framework applied to an idealised profile with an offshore shape corresponding to Eq. (1.1.1). The red line indicates the slope of the dynamic equilibrium active profile, between the offshore limit (xh*, zh* = 7.2 m, -0.4 m) and berm crest (xB, zB = 10.0 m, 0.3 m). The z-axis origin is at the initial water level (SWL0, blue dashed line), the x-axis origin is located off the plot, seaward of the offshore limit of the profile at the initial water level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-2-laboratory-profile-vertically-up-scaled-by-the-1hpxqclo.png Figure 3.1.2: Laboratory profile vertically up-scaled by the relative bar crest depths, NLz ≈ 27. The horizontal distortion requires increasing by a factor of six to represent a similar profile width, i.e., NLx = 6NLz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-2-profile-change-and-net-sediment-transport-from-3v0200z0.png Figure 6.4.2: Profile change and net sediment transport from planar profiles for the first 24 hours of waves for a) E2; b) E3; c) E5; and d) NE4 (note the axis scale changes and order of magnitude reduction in qs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-1-dynamic-equilibrium-profile-responses-to-17jfpoe1.png Figure 2.3.1: Dynamic equilibrium profile responses to nourishments of varying nourishment sediment sizes (ANourish) relative to the native sediment (ANative), (adapted from Dean, 1991, figure 25). Grey regions indicate the deposition of the nourishment sediment. https://scispace.com/papers/laboratory-investigation-of-the-pre-and-post-cyclic-volume-16q3z1iq5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-settlement-time-plots-for-an-increment-of-load-25b4dhcs.png FIG. 3. Typical settlement-time plots for an increment of load applied to peat. Specimen 8-3b, final vcσ ′ =195 kPa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hydraulic-conductivity-of-peat-2ng6ayuq.png FIG. 2. Hydraulic conductivity of peat https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-consolidation-behavior-of-the-tested-peat-specimen-8-n4e1oryh.png FIG. 4. Consolidation behavior of the tested peat (specimen 8-3b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cyclic-behavior-of-specimen-9-3a-2edcku7w.png FIG. 5. Cyclic behavior of specimen 9-3a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cpt-tip-resistance-qc-and-shear-wave-velocity-vs-from-lcf519lu.png FIG. 1. CPT tip resistance (qc), and shear wave velocity (Vs) from a free-field site on Sherman Island (Vs profile from GeoVision 2000) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-post-cyclic-behavior-of-the-tested-peat-a-residual-bh4zkf60.png FIG. 6 Post-cyclic behavior of the tested peat (a) residual pore pressure, and (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-cyclic-loading-on-the-secondary-compression-w8534w81.png FIG. 7. Effect of cyclic loading on the secondary compression (specimen 9-3a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-testing-plan-for-undisturbed-samples-taken-from-a-2h6b9zs2.png Table 1. Testing plan for undisturbed samples taken from a depth of 2.5-3.0 m https://scispace.com/papers/labour-demand-and-job-to-job-movement-4akt6417em 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-results-27468rfm.png Table 1. Estimation results https://scispace.com/papers/laboratory-test-to-assess-sensitivity-of-bio-based-earth-2v72z8a6e1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-conditions-of-incubation-of-the-materials-and-1ta8bfzq.png Table 1 Conditions of incubation of the materials and quantification of the mixtures tested. https://scispace.com/papers/labour-in-global-production-networks-workers-and-unions-in-14rz3bm55d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coal-thermal-australian-monthly-price-3fgrfubp.png Figure 1. Coal Thermal, Australian Monthly Price https://scispace.com/papers/laccase-hbt-and-laccase-cbm-hbt-treatment-of-softwood-kraft-3dbc0icyoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-laccase-hbt-and-laccase-cbm-hbt-4549u9sf.png Table 1 Comparison of laccase/HBT and laccase-CBM/HBT treatment of softwood kraft pulp. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-of-laccase-hbt-and-laccase-cbm-hbt-treatment-1521k8jy.png Table 2 Impact of laccase/HBT and laccase-CBM/HBT treatment on pulp brightness and color after https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-an-increase-in-oxygen-pressure-and-pulp-3hgd0664.png Fig. 2. Impact of an increase in oxygen pressure and pulp consistency on laccase/ HBT softwood kraft pulp biobleaching. (A) Effect of the enzymatic treatments on pulp kappa number. The pulp was treated with 20 U/g of laccase in the presence of 1.5% HBT, under 3 bar O2 pressure and at 5 or 10% pulp consistency. Kappa numbers were measured after an alkaline extraction stage. (B) Final brightness obtained at the end of the DEDED bleaching sequence as function of the total chlorine dioxide consumed. Softwood kraft pulp was submitted to a laccase/HBT treatment, under 3 bar oxygen pressure and 5 (– –) or 10% (– –) pulp consistency. LMS abiotic treatments were performed under 3 bar oxygen pressure and 5 ( } ) or 10% (--- -- -) pulp consistency. Enzymatic and abiotic treatments were followed by an alkaline extraction stage and a DEDED bleaching sequence. Two initial chlorine dioxide charges (kappa factors of 0.18 and 0.21) were applied for each pulp. Results obtained for the ECF bleaching control (kappa factors of 0.18, 0.21 and 0.24) are also indicated ( j ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-laccase-hbt-and-laccase-cbm-hbt-treatments-36w1l7au.png Fig. 1. Effect of laccase/HBT and laccase-CBM/HBT treatments on softwood kraft pulp biobleaching. (A) Effect of the enzymatic treatments on pulp kappa number. The pulp was treated with 20 U/g of laccase (Lac) or 5 U/g of laccase-CBM (Lac-CBM) in the presence of 1.5% HBT, under 1 bar O2 pressure and at 5% pulp consistency. Kappa numbers were measured after an alkaline extraction stage. (B) Final brightness obtained at the end of the DEDED bleaching sequence as function of the total chlorine dioxide consumed. Laccase/HBT (–N–), laccase-CBM/HBT (–d–) and LMS abiotic treatments (–h–) were followed by an alkaline extraction stage and a DEDED bleaching sequence. Initial pulp (–j–) was submitted to the same bleaching sequence (ECF bleaching control). Two initial chlorine dioxide charges (kappa factors of 0.18 and 0.21) were applied for each pulp. An additional chlorine dioxide charge (kappa factor of 0.24) was applied to the ECF bleaching control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tear-index-a-and-tensile-index-b-of-lms-treated-pulps-1am4yhpx.png Fig. 3. Tear index (A) and tensile index (B) of LMS-treated pulps and corresponding controls at the end of the bleaching sequence, using an initial kappa factor of 0.24 for the ECF bleaching control and 0.21 for the other pulps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-properties-of-the-treated-pulps-at-the-end-of-the-319xp1v3.png Table 3 Properties of the treated pulps at the end of the bleaching sequence. https://scispace.com/papers/lack-of-correlation-between-v3-loop-peptide-enzyme-1n2bed1mgl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-v3-loop-peptides-used-by-the-four-laboratories-1hzbswz0.png Table 1. V3-loop peptides used by the four laboratories. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-genetic-and-serological-subtype-g2anzket.png Table 2. Comparison of the genetic and serological subtype results obtained in four different laboratories, with the V3-loop amino-acid sequences of the corresponding HIV-1 isolates from patients from whom the sera were serologically subtyped by peptide enzyme immunoassay. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-occurrence-of-identical-octameric-34ysbucy.png Table 3. Frequency of occurrence of identical octameric sequences at the tip of the V3-loop in HIV-1 isolates of different genetic subtypes reported in this study and the Los Alamos Database. https://scispace.com/papers/lactococcus-lactis-strains-from-raw-ewe-s-milk-samples-from-1d9ittlflr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thermal-gradient-used-to-simulate-the-ossau-iraty-3jxreqkz.png Fig. 1 Thermal gradient used to simulate the Ossau-Iraty cheese process in reconstituted and pasteurized ewe’s milk culture. Step 1 addition of starter–renneting–coagulation–cutting (1.5 h; end at 1.6 h). Step 2 heating/stirring (40 min, 1 °C/2 min; end at 2.3 h). Step 3 moulding (50 min; end at 3.1 h). Step 4 pressing (4 h; end at 7.1 h). Step 5 draining (∼17 h; end at 24 h) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-clustering-of-180-wild-l-lactis-strains-from-32-from-3ss7hus9.png Fig. 2 Clustering of 180 wild L. lactis strains from 32 from Ossau-Iraty ewe’s milks samples collected in three sub-areas A (1–10), B (11–20), and C (21–32), and 12 commercial strains from two starters, S1 and S3 (square). Normalized Rep and Eric-PCR patterns were analyzed using Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient and were clustered by UPGMA; a 119 wild L. lactis subsp. lactis strains, two reference strains, and eight commercial strains: four from starter S1 and four from starter S3 (see Table 1); b 61 wild L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains, three reference strains, and four commercial strains: one from starter S1 and three from starter S3 (see Table 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phkinetics-of-somel-lactis-strains-in-reconstituted-bb1e8gke.png Fig. 3 pHkinetics of someL. lactis strains in reconstituted and pasteurized ewe’s milk culture under the OssauIraty cheese thermal gradient (see Fig. 1). ( ) pH kinetics of OI L12 strain; ( ) pH kinetics of OI L7 strain; (–) pH kinetics of the two strains in combination. The curves are averaged from the duplicates of each culture https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pattern-of-lysogeny-and-phage-sensitivity-among-wild-xrfahv97.png Table 5 Pattern of lysogeny and phage sensitivity among wild (OI) and commercial (S1, S3) Lactococcus lactis strains https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-standard-deviation-2-measurements-for-each-zijy3qk4.png Table 4 Mean ± standard deviation (2 measurements for each strain) of the Δ pH caused by indigenous Prt+ and Prt− L. lactis strains (OI) and by the S1 and S3 commercial strains at the end of each step (see Fig. 1) of the 24-hours incubation simulating the thermal gradient of Ossau-Iraty cheese manufacture https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-lab-and-lactococcus-lactis-cxrmqbse.png Table 3 Distribution of LAB and Lactococcus lactis subspecies in ewe’s milks from three Ossau-Iraty cheese production sub-areas (A, B, and C) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lactococcus-lactis-strains-isolated-from-two-361i19n8.png Table 1 Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from two commercial starters, S1 and S3, used in Ossau-Iraty cheese manufacture https://scispace.com/papers/lacustrine-microporous-micrites-of-the-madrid-basin-late-2qz4vbgo7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-colmenar-de-oreja-quarry-40-0704400n-and-03-164beo9f.png Fig. 1 The Colmenar de Oreja quarry (40 0704400N and 03 2300400W) is situated in Central Spain in the Madrid Basin, which forms an important part of the Tajo Basin https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bulk-compositions-cao-mgo-and-sro-contents-stable-19r1yp70.png Table 2 Bulk compositions, CaO, MgO, and SrO contents, stable isotopic ratios of samples S1 to S5, 1 to 12 and 9top Calcite (% mass) Quartz (% mass) CaO (% mass) MgO (% mass) SrO (ppm) d13C (%PDB) d18O (%PDB) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-obvious-resemblance-in-microfabrics-between-a-late-1kt8rrhv.png Fig. 6 The obvious resemblance in microfabrics between a Late Miocene lacustrine microporous micrites of Colmenar de Oreja (Spain) and b Cenomanian to Early Turonian shallow-marine microporous carbonates of the Mishrif reservoir Formation (Qatar) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-porosity-phi-permeability-k-and-pore-37aoma2y.png Table 1 Values of porosity (phi), permeability (K), and pore threshold radius from capillary pressure (Cp) for samples 1 to 12 and 9top https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-synthetic-log-with-petrographical-descriptions-stable-20f6qojg.png Fig. 5 Synthetic log with petrographical descriptions, stable isotopes values, and petrophysical properties. The texture, the sedimentological content, and stable isotopes values are very constant throughout the section. The compaction is correlated to the absence of calcite overgrowths. Samples that have undergone compaction (10, 11, and 12) possess serrate to meshed microfabrics and bad petrophysical properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-studied-section-is-composed-of-chalky-limestones-myiyojpu.png Fig. 2 The studied section is composed of chalky limestones (alternations of friable, semi-cohesive, and cohesive chalky beds) topped by tight limestones. Chalky limestones repeat after the tight limestones https://scispace.com/papers/land-use-production-growth-and-the-institutional-environment-4ztce3qgnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-description-of-quantitative-variables-q9g7icie.png Table 4. Description of quantitative variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-of-qualitative-variables-203fob5m.png Table 3. Description of qualitative variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5b-ordered-choice-model-estimates-for-the-change-in-10xl82z6.png Table 5b. Ordered-choice model estimates for the change in total cultivated land https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changes-in-total-cultivated-land-and-in-cotton-land-hkbtp8th.png Table 1. Changes in total cultivated land and in cotton land share https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-ordered-discrete-choice-model-estimates-for-the-22abhfs1.png Table 5b. Ordered-choice model estimates for the change in total cultivated land https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-agricultural-production-statistics-2006-11odv85g.png Table 2. Agricultural production statistics, 2006 https://scispace.com/papers/land-degradation-drought-and-food-security-in-a-less-4kzw5t89vg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1fo5eh9i.png Table 9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-effects-of-credit-access-on-conservation-investment-d99f3ae2.png Table 8 Effects of credit access on conservation investment and soil erosion when conservation technologies do not reduce initial yields https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-barley-yields-on-regosols-kg-ha-with-different-soil-231hl4eu.png Fig. 2. Barley yields on regosols (kg/ha) with different soil depth and slope without fertiliser or manure application. *If conservation technologies reduce the yields due to their occupation of a part of the area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-basic-household-aud-farm-characteristics-for-43a7abvf.png Table 2 Basic household aud farm characteristics for household groups in 1999, used as input in the model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-changes-in-andit-tid-1986-1999-nisi4bip.png Table 3 Changes in Andit Tid 1986-1999 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-two-oxen-household-group-impact-of-belg-season-1v9rm63y.png Table 6 Two oxen household group: impact of belg season drought on household welfare and production, when credit access for fertiliser is unconstrained or constrained https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prices-birr-kg-of-crops-and-livestock-bin-per-animal-18avfr8o.png Table 4 Prices (Birr/kg) of crops and livestock (Bin per animal) in 1997 (normal year) and 1999 (drought year) https://scispace.com/papers/landauer-s-principle-in-multipartite-open-quantum-system-3gjmdkidsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-we-plot-b-qadtth-and-sa-for-the-2078tdz9.png FIG. 3 (color online). We plot β _QAðtÞ and _~SA for the qubitoscillator configuration in the indirect-erasure case. In panel (a) [(b)] we have used β ¼ 10 (β ¼ 0.5) and the parameters stated in Figs. 2(d) and 2(e). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-sketch-of-the-indirect-erasure-protocol-175nb0mt.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Sketch of the indirect-erasure protocol: The bipartite system S consists of subsystems SA and SB. After SB interacts with the nth subenvironment (prepared in ηthn ), it collides with SA and is then directed to elementRnþ1. SB thus bridges the erasure process undergone by SA, which experiences a non-Markovian evolution. (b)–(e): Total heat flow β _Q against the entropy change rate _~S for qubit-qubit [(b),(c)] and qubit-harmonic oscillator [(d),(e)] configurations. We have set J=ω ¼ 0.1 and γg=ω ¼ 0.01, taking SB at the same temperature of the environment, β ¼ 10 [(b),(d)] and β ¼ 0.5 [(c),(e)]. A study against the value of J and γg is reported in Ref. [22]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-sketch-of-the-recycled-environment-71527bxx.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Sketch of the recycled environment setup: After colliding with SA, subenvironment Rn (prepared in ηthn ) is used to erase the state of SB. By tracing out the subenvironments, a Markovian ME is achieved for S. (b) Heat flux and entropy for a system composed of two qubits erased by independent baths (no cascade) for ξ ¼ 0.9 and ξ ¼ −0.9 (inset). (c) Heat and entropy flux for the cascade model. We have set γ=ω ¼ 1 with S initially prepared in j↑↑i at ξ ¼ 0.9 and ξ ¼ −0.9 (inset). (d) Mutual information IðA∶BÞ between the subsystems in the same case of panels (b) and (c) for ξ ¼ 0.9 (solid brown line) and ξ ¼ −0.9 (dashed green line). Heat fluxes are expressed in unit of ωγ. https://scispace.com/papers/landscape-for-mourning-adaptive-reuse-of-a-rural-church-and-tfn78jyimt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-view-of-the-saint-odulphus-church-and-the-3uy006e3.png Figure 1: View of the Saint-Odulphus church and the surrounding landscape https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-island-plan-1-saint-odulphus-church-2-presbytery-3-3wuqrmz0.png Figure 6: ‘island’ plan – 1 Saint Odulphus church 2 Presbytery 3 Guild hall 4 Meadow for ashes 5 Urn field 6 Path leading back to the street https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-situation-plan-of-the-saint-odulphus-church-and-the-26awi4mw.png Figure 2: Situation plan of the Saint-Odulphus church and the surrounding landscape https://scispace.com/papers/landslide-mapping-for-susceptibility-and-hazard-assessment-19mkihrvbw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-landslide-domains-in-the-north-york-moors-national-11zeyzn7.png Figure 6. Landslide domains in the North York Moors National Park. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geomorphology-zones-of-the-north-york-moors-2pgdrn3i.png Figure 1. Geomorphology zones of the North York Moors National Park. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bedrock-geological-characteristics-of-mapped-22epcm4m.png Table 3. Bedrock geological characteristics of mapped landslides. Note only the three most and least representative lithologies are reported. Formation codes as in Table 1. 1- percentage of total landslide area; 2- percentage of total landslide number; 3- percentage of total landslide number where the main lithology provid es >90% of individual landslide area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bgs-geosure-landslide-susceptibility-and-mapped-247amuts.png Figure 7. BGS GeoSure landslide susceptibility and mapped landslides for selected areas of the North York Moors National Park. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2015. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-landslide-distribution-in-the-north-york-moors-3fnpzq39.png Figure 2. Landslide distribution in the North York Moors National Park. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2015. https://scispace.com/papers/language-style-matching-in-preschooler-adult-dyads-1jmb80s06d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-zero-order-correlations-among-key-study-variables-sa3ao2vj.png Table 2. Zero-Order Correlations Among Key Study Variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lsm-as-a-function-of-conversational-context-note-1vr0w9wi.png Figure 1. LSM as a function of conversational context. Note. LSM = language style matching. Caregiver–child LSM is significantly greater than the other types of LSM. Experimenter–child and within-child LSM do not significantly differ. While caregiver–child and experimenter–child are between-person LSM indices, the within-child LSM score is a within-person index, representing the degree of similarity each child showed across the two conversational contexts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-standard-deviations-for-key-study-3qzi3idw.png Table 1. Means and Standard Deviations for Key Study Variables. https://scispace.com/papers/laparoscopic-distal-pancreatectomy-in-elderly-patients-is-it-biv6enpltz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-characteristics-of-the-patients-1tntmgok.png Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients https://scispace.com/papers/large-arrays-of-chemo-mechanical-nanoswitches-for-ultralow-24n4m0g6u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-saturation-current-in-air-and-in-a-hydrogen-441aoxwz.png Figure 4. (a) Saturation current in air and in a hydrogen atmosphere (4% H2/N2) as a function of the applied bias potential. The linearity under H2 and the low resistances indicate ohmic conduction. (b) Typical reversible sensor response to 4% H2/N2. (c), (d) Sensor response to periodic hydrogen (4% H2/N2)/air cycles for a z2- and z4-device, respectively. Applied electrical potential: 100 mV. A stable saturation and initial baseline values are reached at each cycle. Relative changes in resistance of more than three orders of magnitude are obtained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-images-of-nanogap-networks-with-different-36nlxpob.png Figure 3. Optical images of nanogap networks with different coordination numbers: (a) entire sensing area with electrodes, (b) network with z = 4, (c) network with z = 2, (d) cross-sectional SEM image of two adjacent nanogaps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-process-flow-for-sensor-fabrication-a-c-1qcy6epn.png Figure 2. Schematic process flow for sensor fabrication: (a)–(c) creation of a suspended poly-Si ring membrane by dry and wet etching, (d) the trimorph and nanogaps are created by shadow evaporation of Ti/Pd microwires across the vertical poly-Si edge, (e) deposition of electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-operating-principle-d1h3arrj.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the operating principle, based on an interconnected array of elementary trimorph poly-Si/Ti/Pd nanoswitches. (a) Cross-sectional view of two adjacent switches, consisting of a palladium (Pd) microwire which is situated on top of a short-suspended poly-Si structure and a bottom Ti/Pd electrode which is ≈10 nm apart. In a non-sensing state, the elementary switches remain open and prevent an electric current to flow. (b) Upon hydrogenation, Pd expands and deflects the trimorph. An ohmic contact with the bottom electrode is formed and an electric current I can flow. (c) Electrically interconnected elementary switches are arranged into a percolation network; here the top view of the interconnected network of wires and nanogaps. A sufficient number of closed nanogaps form a conductive path between external electrodes. This process is reversible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-dependence-of-sensors-with-different-topologies-emfszvnd.png Figure 5. (a) Dependence of sensors with different topologies to various hydrogen concentrations. The sensing range is narrow and between 1.5% and 3% H2/N2 and switch-like for the single-wire device. (b)–(d) Typical temporal responses for different devices. For the single-wire device, mainly a change in delay time and little change in the saturation current are observed. For z2 and z4 devices, the saturation current and the slope of the response signal decrease strongly for lower hydrogen concentrations. https://scispace.com/papers/large-amplitude-longitudinal-oscillations-in-a-solar-1yjvlev1bm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatter-plot-of-the-strong-damping-time-ts-as-a-2asde0zl.png Figure 4. Scatter plot of the strong damping time τs as a function of the weak damping time τw. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scatter-plot-of-the-oscillation-period-of-the-1qypwg7r.png Figure 3. Scatter plot of the oscillation period of the threads as a function of the mean radius of curvature of the dipped part of the tubes (filled circles). The solid line shows the theoretical period from the pendulum model described by Equation (4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scatter-plot-of-the-velocity-amplitude-as-a-31vt5w6e.png Figure 2. Scatter plot of the velocity amplitude as a function of the displacement amplitude for the set of 47 oscillating threads (filled circles), and observational data (diamonds) from Jing et al. (2003, 2006) and Vršnak et al. (2007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plot-of-the-temporal-evolution-of-the-bulk-velocity-xgegdy18.png Figure 1. Plot of the temporal evolution of the bulk velocity of the center of mass of the condensation example (solid line). The decaying exponential fit for the strong damping (dashed line) and weak damping (dot-dashed line) is also plotted (see the text). Additionally, the theoretical velocity fit obtained with our pendulum model described by Equation (5) is shown (dotted line). https://scispace.com/papers/large-charge-extraction-from-metallic-multifilamentary-nb3sn-51c58yvjo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-close-up-view-of-a-typical-bronzeroute-2pkqsk0m.png FIG. 1 (color online). A close-up view of a typical bronzeroute strand before the test. The 0.8 mm diameter wire has 14 326 filaments, ¼ 3:8 m, grouped in 754 bundles with 19 filaments. The inset shows a scanning electron microscope of the wire with a magnification of 1000. Two laser spots, 50 and 160 m in diameter, are shown, corresponding to fluences of 100 and 10 mJ=cm2 for a constant laser energy of 2 J. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-charge-and-qe-for-sample-13-etched-2xx65e4n.png FIG. 3 (color online). Charge and QE for sample #13 (etched, nonreacted) as a function of laser fluence. The sample tip is 1.3 mm above the aluminum support, the applied voltage is 37 kV, and the laser energy is 3:55 J. The fluence is increased by reducing the spot size from 500 to 50 m. The line is a guide for the eye. The error is 60% for the last stable point of the lowcharge regime. Between the last point of the low-charge and the first point of the high-charge regime, the measurements are very unstable with the error larger than 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-experimental-setup-b-the-cathode-and-c-i1mckj6q.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Experimental setup. (b) The cathode and (c) the multifilamentary wire in the aluminum support. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-images-of-the-beam-in-the-low-charge-8-56-2mcuc8ix.png FIG. 4 (color online). Images of the beam in the low-charge 8:56 mJ=cm2 (left panel) and high-charge 124 mJ=cm2 (right panel) regimes. Sample #13, h ¼ 3:5 mm, U ¼ 32:65 kV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-extracted-charge-as-a-function-of-the-3f970c60.png FIG. 5 (color online). Extracted charge as a function of the pulser voltage for all investigated samples with the wire tip at 3.5 mm relative to Al support. Samples #10 and #13 (nonreacted, etched), #12 (nonreacted, nonetched), #20 (reacted, etched), #23 (reacted, nonetched). Sample #15 (pure copper) is used as a reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-qe-as-function-of-the-pulser-voltage-for-z47p8p26.png FIG. 6 (color online). QE as function of the pulser voltage for all investigated samples with the wire tip at 3.5 mm relative to Al support. The thick line is a 3-step model calculation with ¼ 4:65 eV, ¼ 5:4, and T ¼ 300 K. Sample #20 (reacted, etched), sample #23 (reacted, nonetched), #13 (nonreacted, etched), #12 (nonreacted, nonetched), and #15 (pure copper). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-pic-simulation-result-showing-the-passage-2casan8x.png FIG. 7 (color online). PIC simulation result showing the passage of an 3800 pC electron bunch at t ¼ 80 ps through the 3 mm small anode aperture under a 50 kV accelerating voltage. The microbunching is a PIC artifact of the discretization of the charge emission algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-left-panel-typical-pepperpot-beamlets-jmzcictm.png FIG. 8 (color online). (Left panel) Typical pepperpot beamlets recorded on a YAG screen. (Right panel) Cross section used for emittance calculation with XANAROOT [17]. https://scispace.com/papers/large-deviations-for-quicksort-26hfwdzw7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-b-2g9thgs0.png Figure 1.b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-3fy4qrl0.png Figure 2.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-2akm6663.png Figure 3.b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-b-iy6xrwsc.png Figure 3.b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-1vrja3p2.png Figure 1.b https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b-rbei55r9.png Figure 2.a https://scispace.com/papers/large-field-high-resolution-x-ray-microscope-for-studying-4p2lb24f84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-approximate-comparison-of-the-theoretical-resolutions-21y4o3w0.png FIG. 10. Approximate comparison of the theoretical resolutions of KB a KBA microscopes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-image-of-a-25-4mm-grid-that-grid-is-supported-by-a-70-xhodr5de.png FIG. 14. Image of a 25.4mm grid. That grid is supported by a 70 mesh gr ~363mm period!placed on a hole of 4 mm in diameter. We can see that resolution is better than 25mm nearly all over the field. The black strip in the center is due to the lack of x rays from the anode edge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-exposure-profile-on-the-images-displayed-on-the-3dt1qywl.png FIG. 17. Exposure profile on the images displayed on the previous figure:~a! 25.4mm grid; ~b! 12.7mm grid. In both cases, the contrast is good,~respectively 73% and 40%!. https://scispace.com/papers/large-deviations-of-max-weight-scheduling-policies-on-convex-21wg4kir1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-of-a-symmetrical-two-user-polymatroidal-1xkxpawr.png Fig. 4. An example of a symmetrical two-user polymatroidal rate-region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-partitioning-of-2-into-regions-where-the-same-2kgvs3es.png Fig. 5. Partitioning of <2+ into regions where the same scheduling action results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-an-elliptical-rate-region-with-the-i3r32sn4.png Fig. 3. Illustration of an elliptical rate-region with the solution of the scheduling problem shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-element-of-class-of-a-considered-for-18gldsaq.png Fig. 1. Typical element of class of ȧ considered for optimisation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-workload-trajectory-until-time-t-for-the-22u9uca9.png Fig. 2. Typical workload trajectory until time t for the analysed class of input functions a. https://scispace.com/papers/large-scale-events-as-catalysts-for-creating-mutual-2ekol1zhzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-framework-on-resource-mobilization-through-mutual-31s9fy94.png Figure 1 Framework on Resource Mobilization Through Mutual Dependence by Social Ventures https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evidence-of-tactics-used-to-exert-control-in-the-umvswh74.png Table 4 Evidence of Tactics Used to Exert Control in the Relationship With Resource Providers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-evidence-of-tactics-used-to-consolidate-the-1v7u3wzk.png Table 3 Evidence of Tactics Used to Consolidate the Relationship With Resource Providers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evidence-of-tactics-used-to-facilitate-the-318gmevo.png Table 2 Evidence of Tactics Used to Facilitate the Involvement of Prospective Resource Providers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-sources-i6v347r8.png Table 1 Data Sources https://scispace.com/papers/large-scale-tesla-coil-guided-discharges-initiated-by-1epuu4z09a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-the-breakdown-probability-p-with-tlaser-a-10qxvhz4.png FIG. 4. Evolution of the breakdown probability P with tlaser. (a): L = 50 cm, configuration 1 (red solid curve and squares) and configuration 2 (green solid curve and circles). (b) L = 100 cm, configuration 1 (red solid curve and squares) and L = 90 cm, configuration 2 (green solid curve and circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-t-as-a-function-of-tlaser-for-l-50-cm-a-and-l-100-cm-b-3iv3wuxt.png FIG. 5. t as a function of tlaser for L = 50 cm (a) and L = 100 cm (b) (scatter plots). The oblique lines represent the time position of positive (dotted lines) and negative (dashed lines) Tesla voltage peaks. The evolution of the Tesla voltage (blue solid line) in time is also given for convenience. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-typical-discharge-current-curves-for-l-50-cm-red-solid-3n5yhhhw.png FIG. 6. Typical discharge current curves for L = 50 cm (red solid line) and L = 100 cm (blue dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-photograph-of-the-tesla-coil-used-in-the-experiments-hpixk514.png FIG. 1. (a) Photograph of the Tesla coil used in the experiments. (b) Equivalent electric schema. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-imax-ubd-characteristics-for-l-40-and-50-cm-a-positive-3loigevu.png FIG 7. (Imax, Ubd) characteristics for L = 40 and 50 cm. (a): positive quadrant. (b): negative quadrant. (c) Negative quadrant of the (Imax, Ubd) characteristic for L = 100 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-antenna-signal-generated-by-the-tesla-coil-in-1749agz9.png FIG. 2. (a) Antenna signal generated by the Tesla coil in absence of discharge. (b) Antenna signal in the presence of a laser induced discharge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-the-operational-resistance-r-with-the-gap-2wfbh0er.png FIG. 8. Evolution of the operational resistance R with the gap length L (scatter plot) and linear fit (red solid line). Only breakdown occurring in the voltage range -360 kV < Ubd < -300 kV were taken into account. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-integrated-images-of-spark-discharges-without-any-2ph4qh3e.png FIG. 3. Time-integrated images of spark discharges: without any apparent guiding (a), fully guided (b) and partially guided by the laser filament (c). The laser pulse comes from the left and the gap length is fixed to 32 cm. https://scispace.com/papers/large-scale-visual-odometry-for-rough-terrain-2hbla0t99h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-harris-corner-features-in-two-consecutive-outdoor-3051z6yb.png Fig. 1. Harris corner features in two consecutive outdoor frames. Only three matched points survive a motion consistency test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matching-statistics-for-the-little-bit-dataset-3qi4bwud.png Table 1. Matching statistics for the Little Bit dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-loop-closure-error-for-different-features-sau0a7n8.png Table 2. Loop closure error for different features https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-matched-censure-points-across-two-consecutive-frames-2n6mw1vq.png Fig. 4. Matched CenSurE points across two consecutive frames. 94 features are matched, with 44 consensus inliers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-trajectories-from-little-bit-left-and-ft-carson-right-10tull76.png Fig. 6. Trajectories from Little Bit (left) and Ft Carson (right) datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-integrated-errors-for-roll-left-and-x-right-estimates-1gtfxgpf.png Fig. 5. Integrated errors for Roll (left) and X (right) estimates. All 200m long trajectories (grey), their mean (blue), STD (green, shown at ±1σ from mean) and RMS (red). Couples {Pitch,Y} and {Yaw,Z} behave similarly. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vo-errors-censure-sba-no-imu-3izlnrp3.png Table 3. VO errors (CenSurE, SBA, no IMU) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-trajectory-error-statistics-in-meters-and-percent-of-m89uso45.png Table 5. Trajectory error statistics, in meters and percent of trajectory https://scispace.com/papers/laser-beam-patterned-topological-insulating-states-on-thin-1hxdir9sg3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-out-of-plane-magnetic-field-b-dependence-of-1tjx22rn.png FIG. 3. (a) Out-of-plane magnetic-field (B⊥) dependence of conductance corresponding to inverse of the three R peaks [blue and red symbols for Fig. 2(b) (rectangular pattern) and pink for high VBG of Fig. 2(c) (H-letterlike pattern)] and two off-R peak values [green and orange symbols for Fig. 2(b)]. (b) Temperature dependence of conductance corresponding to the three R peaks in (a) in Arrhenius plot format. Dashed lines are guides to the eyes. (c)–(e) STS spectra for nonlaser-irradiated 2H region (c) and irradiated 1T 0 region (d),(e) (Supplemental Material, Sec. IX [13]). (d) The two bulk signals (blue and green lines) were measured near the center of the 1T 0 rectangular pattern, and the edge signal (red line) was measured near the boundary of the 1T 0=2H phases. (e) The edge signals for different three VBG values in sample of (d). The 1T 0 region was formed by irradiation with the condition for Fig. 2(b). (Insets) Schematic views of band diagram near or away from Kramers degeneracy point with Fermi level (EF). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-b-for-the-1t-0-rectangular-patterns-formed-by-two-ckazdmyr.png FIG. 2. (a),(b) For the 1T 0 rectangular patterns formed by two different laser irradiation times on each point; two-terminal resistance measured between electrode pairs 1,3 and 2,4 as a function of VBG by flowing a constant current between electrode pairs 1,3 and 2,4 (insets). Contact resistances with 1T 0 metalliclayer resistances are subtracted. (c) For the 1T 0 H-letterlike pattern: nonlocal resistance (RNL) observed for electrode pairs 3-4 as a function of VBG, when a constant current flows between electrode pairs 1-2 (inset). (d) For the 1T 0 rectangular pattern formed by reduced laser power, with a short channel. Three different colors correspond to three different measurements. Equivalent circuits are shown in insets of (a) and (b). (b, inset) Channel length dependence of R peak values in high VBG regions. Error bars are for the results of each of the three samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-optical-microscopy-image-of-the-1t-0-phase-1n0drtec.png FIG. 1. (a) Optical microscopy image of the 1T 0 phase rectangular (right) and H-letterlike (left) patterns formed onto a thin 2H-MoS2 flake by laser beam irradiation. (Inset) Schematic cross section of a crystal structure of 1T 0-MoS2 monolayer with distortion. (b) AFM image of a cross section of the laser irradiated part. (c) Schematic cross section of 1T 0 phase part created by laser beam irradiation onto few-layer MoS2, corresponding to (b). (d) Raman spectra for nonlaser-irradiated region (2H phase; blue curve) and irradiated region (1T 0 phase on 2H phase; red curve). Individual peaks correspond to E2g ∼ 382 nm−1 and A1g ∼ 408 nm−1 for 2H phase, J1 ∼ 155, J2 ∼ 225, and J3 ∼ 330 nm−1 for 1T 0 phase. (e),(f) PL spectra of the laser beam irradiated points plotted for wavelengths (e) 530–710 and (f) 640–700 nm. The numbers on the graph are the irradiation time for each plotted line and are common to both (e) and (f). (g) XPS of the sample after laser irradiation. Red and blue lines are data fits for spectra of the 1T 0 and 2H phases, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-overall-band-structure-of-the-2h-1t-0-2h-24oc25cl.png FIG. 4. (a) Overall band structure of the 2H=1T 0=2H heterostructure. (Bottom inset) A view of the whole heterostructure showing the passivated edges. (Top inset) Atomic detail of one interface. The yellowish area indicates the energy window within the 2H phase gap. Inside this range and near the center of the Brillouin zone, the bulk band inversion of the 1T 0 phase and the gap opened by the SOC can be seen along with nontrivial and trivial bands. (b) Enlargement of the bands into the relevant energy window. The number of band crossings at the Fermi level (placed at zero) and at any energy in the gap is odd, as expected from the presence of protected interface states. (c) Bulk band structure of a bilayer for three different stacking possibilities (indicated in the insets), showing a gap in all of them. https://scispace.com/papers/laser-gated-viewing-an-enabler-for-automatic-target-434ym0vzss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-3d-mesh-of-a-part-of-the-range-image-ir-as-shown-ijkumk1t.png Figure 5 (a) 3D mesh of a part of the range image IR as shown in Figure 1b. (b) 2D projection of 3D objects after analysis and pruning of initial mesh. The color of each object represents its depth in meters. Objects in the background are occluded by objects in the foreground https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-testing-area-with-radar-dome-armed-2j5bznqf.png Figure 1. Overview of the testing area with radar dome, armed doll to the lower right and van to the lower left of the dome. The dome recording area is used to determine the laser range gate profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-positioning-of-the-3d-objects-in-the-illuminated-2rxcabms.png Figure 6. Positioning of the 3D objects in the illuminated scene using 3D crust based object segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-automatically-classified-objects-using-the-2-5d-1ir09nkh.png Figure 7. Automatically classified objects using the 2.5D approach with classification based on object dimensions and retro reflections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-maximum-projection-of-illuminated-scene-at-30xmm1r1.png Figure 3. (a) Maximum projection of illuminated scene at approximately 780 meters and (b) measured distance from the 3D data cube using the quadratic subpixel method with filtering of low reliability pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gate-profiles-extracted-from-the-dome-recording-3lk3nhyg.png Figure 2. Gate profiles extracted from the dome recording area as shown in Figure 1. The gates are scaled on the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-histogram-of-range-image-ir-and-automatic-32wdebzc.png Figure 4. (a) Histogram of range image IR and automatic selection of interesting distance ranges ri. (b) Automatically segmented objects at a relative distance between 14.5 and 19.0 meters. https://scispace.com/papers/laser-induced-desorption-of-na-dimers-11s13xr3ys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-positions-of-the-maxima-of-the-kinetic-energy-2dk9w1im.png Fig. 3. Positions of the maxima of the kinetic energy distributions of Na-dimers desorbed with laser light of j"355 nm. The laser fluence was varied between 1 and 8 mJ/cm2 and the average particle size ranged from 7 nm to 15 nm. Within experimental error the position of the maxima is identical and independent of laser fluence and mean particle size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kinetic-energy-distributions-normalized-to-the-maximum-2j4a9gu8.png Fig. 2. Kinetic energy distributions normalized to the maximum desorption rate of Na-dimers desorbed at j"355 nm and a total coverage of 7.2·1014 atoms/cm2 (R !7% "7 nm) with fluences of a) 3mJ/cm2, b) 5mJ/cm2 and c) 9 mJ/cm2 for an ionization wavelength of j"248 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-kinetic-energy-distribution-of-na-dimers-desorbed-jzne9n8m.png Fig. 1. a) Kinetic energy distribution of Na-dimers desorbed with laser light of j"532 nm. The total coverage of sodium was held constant at 2.2·1015 atoms/cm2 which corresponds to an average particle size of 12.6 nm. The fluence of the Nd:YAG laser was set to a value of 10 mJ/cm2. b) Integral desorption rate of Na-dimers desorbed with laser light of j"532 nm as a function of laser fluence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-integral-desorption-rate-of-na-dimers-desorbed-with-a-2dudizfh.png Fig. 4. Integral desorption rate of Na-dimers desorbed with a laser wavelength of j"355 nm as a function of laser fluence. The coverage was 3.6·1015 atoms/cm2 (R !7% "12 nm). The fluence was varied between 1 and 10 mJ/cm2 https://scispace.com/papers/laser-induced-anisotropic-wettability-on-azopolymeric-micro-1eqyv8otm3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-contact-angle-as-a-function-of-the-micro-pillar-68vmtdtg.png FIG. 2. Mean contact angle as a function of the micro-pillar roundness. Data points correspond to (a) as-fabricated sample; (b) first step of elongation (3 s irradiation); (c) second step of elongation (8 s irradiation); (d) recovery of the initial shape; and (e) irreversible elongation. In the insets, representative water droplet images and SEM images corresponding to each micro-pillar arrangement are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-chemical-structure-of-poly-dispersed-red-1-32t6dprh.png FIG. 1. (a) Chemical structure of Poly(Dispersed Red 1 methacrylate) and (b) sketch of the imprinting process by means of a PDMS stamp; (c) illustrative SEM image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-afm-maps-and-topographic-cross-sections-of-pdr1m-1xt5q3c8.png FIG. 4. AFM maps and topographic cross sections of pDR1M textured surfaces: (a), (d), (g) as-fabricated; (b), (e), (h) irradiated for 8 s; and (c), (f), (i) irradiated for 12 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wide-field-reflection-images-of-water-droplets-2yim52tj.png FIG. 3. Wide-field reflection images of water droplets deposited onto pDR1M micropillars taken from above; (a) as-fabricated sample with squared pillars; (b) strongly elongated pillars along the horizontal direction. Insets: illustrative SEM images of the corresponding surface structures. https://scispace.com/papers/laser-related-spectroscopic-parameters-of-nv-colour-centres-1zvo1rgy5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-absorption-spectra-of-the-sample-before-and-after-2wn5kbd4.png Fig. 1 (a) Absorption spectra of the sample before and after the treatment. Insets: luminescence spectra (left) and luminescence decay kinetics (right) pumped at ~0.45 and ~0.53 m. (b) Emission cross-section of NV0 and NV- CCs. Inset: Calculated gain spectra of NV- and NV0 CC at the pump wavelength of 0.53 m (green) and 0.45 m (blue) for different inversion factors β. https://scispace.com/papers/late-effects-of-inhaled-plutonium-in-dogs1-14zsg9760l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-1z0gtxwv.png TABLE V I https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-i-1641s614.png TABLE V I https://scispace.com/papers/late-holocene-land-vertebrate-fauna-from-cueva-de-los-2jotplpy74 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1913-2kfn0ld8.png Table 2. 1913 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1831-1832-1833-1834-3nj6dx6f.png Figure 3. 1831 1832 1833 1834 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1877-1878-1879-1880-1881-3r2pfntz.png Figure 9. 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1927-38214dg3.png Table 3. 1927 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1851-1852-12kmxchs.png Figure 5. 1851 1852 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-1883-1884-1885-1886-1887-jefovgdt.png Figure 10. 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1855-1856-1857-1858-1859-1860-1861-1862-1863-1864-p3k1sw0u.png Figure 6. 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-1901-1902-3sjeafzp.png Figure 12. 1901 1902 https://scispace.com/papers/late-roman-and-byzantine-mosaic-opaque-glass-ceramics-3ghm728c0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-raman-signature-of-soda-lime-silica-glass-m4ks3evp.png Fig. 3: Typical Raman signature of soda-lime-silica glass matrices (see Fig. 1 and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-mgo-vs-k2o-content-expressed-in-wt-of-oxide-of-267ltqsl.png Fig. 4: a) MgO vs. K2O content expressed in wt% of oxide of tesserae from Durrës (triangle), Hierapolis (square) and Milan (circle); b) Stretching (νs) vs. bending (δs) band maxima wavenumber of glass matrix for tesserae from Durrës (amphitheatre chapel, triangle), Hierapolis (St Philip, square) and Milan (St Aquilino, circle). The delimited area corresponds to soda-lime glass [55, 66]. Arrows indicate the effect of composition variation (Na2O and K2O increase). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-color-provenance-sa-milan-st-aquilino-beginning-5th-1aal9dfq.png Table 3: Color, provenance (SA: Milan, St. Aquilino (beginning 5th c.); DU: Durrës, amphitheatre chapel (6th c.-9th c.); HA: Hierapolis, fragment from St. Philip (6th c.-9th c.), main Raman peaks and phase assignment of coloring /opacifying agents identified in the glass mosaic tesserae. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representative-raman-spectra-of-the-different-jyvawmyx.png Fig. 5: Representative Raman spectra of the different crystalline phases observed (see text and Table 3 for phase assignments). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tesserae-from-a-milan-sa-b-hierapolis-ha-c-c-durres-du-2143cb33.png Fig. 1: Tesserae from (a) Milan (SA), (b) Hierapolis (HA_C), (c) Durrës (DU_A); see https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-the-tesserae-glass-expressed-2gwqpk3j.png Table 1: Chemical composition of the tesserae glass (expressed in wt% of the oxides) and type of glass (C: sodic plant ash; N: natron type, NC: mixed natron-sodic plant ash type; N1: CaO between 4 and 7%, N2: CaO between 9 and 11%, N3: Al2O3 between 6 and7%). *Only the glass matrix is analyzed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-synthesis-the-raw-glass-group-see-table-1-1j2j2grr.png Table 2: Results synthesis: the raw glass group (see Table 1 and text) and the opacification recipes presented by site, chronology and color. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-crystals-observed-in-sample-sa-5-20-1f2ppsfy.png Fig. 6: Crystals observed in sample SA_5_20. https://scispace.com/papers/latency-hiding-in-dynamic-partitioning-and-load-balancing-of-2cflnpei5h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pseudo-code-for-the-union-find-algorithm-37e35x0z.png Fig. 2. Pseudo code for the union/find algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-expected-runtime-for-varying-throttle-values-rbqupvne.png TABLE II EXPECTED RUNTIME FOR VARYING ThroTTle VALUES https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-scalability-analysis-of-the-test-application-k5ruet8c.png TABLE I SCALABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE TEST APPLICATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-expected-runtime-in-thousands-of-units-for-varying-367v5qh9.png TABLE III EXPECTED RUNTIME IN THOUSANDS OF UNITS FOR VARYING CLUSTERS AND INTERCONNECT SPEEDS ( ) https://scispace.com/papers/lateral-heterogeneities-in-zno-electrodeposits-and-their-fguk8jfrr0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-color-online-a-representative-fluorescence-1qckaenb.png Figure 2. (Color online) (a) Representative fluorescence micrograph (in redgreen-blue (RGB) color) of a rectifying ZnO electrodeposit. In comparison, (b) shows the more uniform luminescence that is characteristic of thin films with Ohmic ZnO/metal contacts. (c) A gray-scale representation of a single channel from an RGB image (shown here for the blue channel of the RGB image in (a)) can be used to quantify the lateral heterogeneities in the luminescence of the rectifying electrodeposits. (d) shows representative frequency distributions for the size ranges of the discrete blue spots that appear in fluorescence micrographs from four different regions (each 300 μm × 200 μm) of the same rectifying ZnO electrodeposit shown in (a). These blue spots have a non-Gaussian size distribution that is heavily skewed toward smaller areas, and comprise 4 ± 2% of the total sample area. A comparable analysis applied to the image for the Ohmic sample shown in (b) yields no detectable discrete blue spots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-online-representative-i-v-data-for-a-a-purely-332zk3qu.png Figure 1. (Color online) Representative I–V data for (a) a purely resistive (Ohmic) contact between electrodeposited ZnO and its steel substrate and (b) a rectifying (Schottky) response at a ZnO/steel interface. The stainless steel contact electrodes for each measurement were the same; the difference was in the ZnO deposition conditions (-0.9 V and pH 5.5 for (a) and –1.1 V and pH 5.5 for (b)). When the experimental data (thick red line) are fit (thin black line between 0.01 and 1.4 V) to the equivalent circuit shown in the inset, a shunt resistance Rs = 200 ± 100 k and Schottky barrier voltage φB = 0.590 ± 0.003 eV are extracted. Fitted values for (c) shunt resistance and (d) barrier voltage as a function of deposition potential show considerable variation. Uncertainties in Rs and φB , based on the fit to experimental I-V data, are contained within the size of the markers. The solid trend lines serve as guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/latency-upper-bound-for-data-chains-of-real-time-periodic-dn14iwcqkz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-impact-of-different-wcrt-estimations-on-the-latency-21szhn0h.png Figure 8: Impact of different WCRT estimations on the latency computations precision. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-number-of-paths-explored-by-the-different-1sj8dje5.png Figure 9: Average number of paths explored by the different latency computation methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flight-management-system-software-architecture-27b129dp.png Figure 1: Flight Management System software architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-maximum-latency-computation-for-the-data-chain-f3-2bfzgzf5.png Figure 6: Maximum latency computation for the data chain F3 of three tasks τ1, τ2 and τ3 with the following parameters: (C1 = 5, T1 = 20, π(τ1) = 1), (C2 = 1, T2 = 6, π(τ2) = 3) and (C3 = 3, T3 = 12, π(τ3) = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-register-based-communication-in-a-data-chain-of-3espuvi9.png Figure 2: Register-based communication in a data chain of three tasks τ1, τ2, and τ3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-task-parameters-for-the-example-from-figure-7-28u35awy.png Table 1: Task parameters for the example from Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-latency-bound-overestimation-for-a-data-chain-of-2c2359j5.png Figure 7: Latency bound overestimation for a data chain of three tasks with harmonic periods under RM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-communicating-tasks-consumer-tc-has-a-higher-pcbugll9.png Figure 4: Communicating tasks: consumer τc has a higher priority than producer τp. https://scispace.com/papers/lattice-strain-in-magnetic-ultrathin-films-lhrb4rlmsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-xafs-interference-function-for-bcc-fe-fe-cr-and-2pg4sp2r.png Figure 2.(a) XAFS interference function for BCC Fe, Fe, Cr and Cu (the various edges of the sample). @) Magnitude of the Fourier transform of k~(k). A 10% Gaussian window was imposed over the range from 2 to 11.5A-I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-xanes-of-cr-and-cr-bcc-a-fe-and-fe-bcc-b-cu-and-1x562p6q.png Figure 1. The XANES of Cr and Cr BCC (a), Fe and Fe BCC (b),Cu and Cu FCC (c). https://scispace.com/papers/lattice-thermal-conductivity-of-tixzryhf1-x-ynisn-half-2wzcezi2y2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-ternary-map-of-k-for-the-composition-tixzryhf1-x-2ngkta4j.png FIG. 5. A ternary map of κ for the composition TixZryHf1−x−yNiSn at 300 K based on the virtual crystal approximation. The bottom right corner corresponds to TiNiSn, the top to ZrNiSn, and the bottom left to HfNiSn. Panel (a) shows the entire κ , including anharmonic phonon-phonon scattering and mass-disorder scattering. Panel (b) shows κ when only the anharmonic phonon-phonon scattering is included through κanh , and mass-disorder scattering is neglected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-color-map-of-the-x-site-mass-variance-parameter-mvar-2se4qd3l.png FIG. 1. A color map of the X-site mass variance parameter Mvar of TixZryHf1−x−yNiSn. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-total-calculated-thermal-conductivity-with-1t1bcpdd.png FIG. 6. The total calculated thermal conductivity with grainboundary scattering included κGB , as function of average grain size L for TiNiSn at temperatures 300 and 600 K (red dashed and dotted) and Ti0.5Hf0.5NiSn at corresponding temperatures (green solid and dashed-dotted). The inset shows the lattice thermal conductivity scaled by the bulk (single crystal) value κGB (L)/κ for the four cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-cumulative-k-at-300-k-as-a-function-of-phonon-3tj67isv.png FIG. 7. The cumulative κ at 300 K as a function of phonon frequency given in (a) and its derivative in (b). Pure TiNiSn with and without grain-boundary scattering is shown as red squares and circles, respectively. The composition Ti0.5Hf0.5NiSn with and without grainboundary scattering is shown as green squares and circles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-phonon-dispersion-for-a-tinisn-b-zrnisn-and-c-3gv6j1xk.png FIG. 2. The phonon dispersion for (a) TiNiSn, (b) ZrNiSn, and (c) HfNiSn. The curves for the three compounds are similar, but with a decreasing frequency of the three lower optical-phonon bands when going from TiNiSn to HfNiSn. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-full-and-partial-phonon-density-of-states-dos-for-1agfr4m8.png FIG. 3. The full and partial phonon density of states (DOS) for (a) TiNiSn, (b) ZrNiSn and (c) HfNiSn, as well as that of the alloys (d) Ti0.5Zr0.5NiSn, (e) Ti0.5Hf0.5NiSn, and (f) Zr0.5Hf0.5NiSn obtained in the VCA. The total DOS is shown by the gray, filled area. The partial DOS of the X site (Ti, Zr, Hf, or their mixtures) is given by the red curve, whereas Ni and Sn are shown by the green and blue curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-lattice-thermal-conductivity-k-of-the-binary-hh-2u41c5uj.png FIG. 4. The lattice thermal conductivity κ of the binary HH mixtures TixHf1−xNiSn (a) and ZrxHf1−xNiSn (b) as a function of composition. The present theoretical results are shown as squares connected with solid lines. Circles connected by dotted lines represent experimental results for Ti1−xHfxNiSn (a) by Katayama et al. [66] and Zr1−xHfxNiSn (b) by Liu et al. [56]. *The latter experiment was performed on a sample doped with 1.5% Sb on the Sn site. The lines are a guide to the eye. The filled (unfilled) markers correspond to a temperature of 300 (600) K. https://scispace.com/papers/lavish-returns-on-cheap-talk-non-binding-communication-in-a-40zs9xx9rd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-b-s-return-by-round-and-condition-rounds-1-5-1uue8wpc.png Figure 3. B 's Return %, by round and condition, rounds 1-5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-treatments-sessions-and-interactions-15wioftp.png Table 1. Summary of treatments, sessions, and interactions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-s-sending-by-round-and-condition-rounds-1-5-xo4nfeki.png Figure 2. A 's Sending, by round and condition, rounds 1-5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-as-sending-and-bs-return-in-csp-3v3qtikk.png Table 4. Determinants of A’s sending and B’s % return in CSP interactions, including coded verbal communication measures (GLS regressions) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-combined-earnings-of-a-and-b-31yj4456.png Figure 4. Combined earnings of A and B , https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-of-b-s-to-a-s-earnings-3kbyowcj.png Figure 5. Ratio of B 's to A 's Earnings, https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-mann-whitney-tests-of-percent-returned-by-b-1mj3ww84.png Table 3b. Mann-Whitney Tests of Percent Returned by B https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-mann-whitney-tests-of-amount-sent-by-a-240ksmcu.png Table 3b. Mann-Whitney Tests of Percent Returned by B https://scispace.com/papers/law-as-an-instrument-of-economic-policy-comparative-and-4rm7dtttmk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-electricity-public-ownership-2gs9ucgz.png Table 1: Electricity - Public Ownership https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-z1b3ryca.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ve9baimo.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nuclear-energy-public-ownership-3e31qj5a.png Table 2: Nuclear Energy - Public Ownership https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coal-public-ownership-3jdq641t.png Table 3: Coal - Public Ownership https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principal-economic-data-for-italian-public-1ro5v7ah.png Table 1: Electricity - Public Ownership https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-intensity-of-regulation-of-target-group-behaviour-3-27sl08se.png Figure 6: Intensity of Regulation of Target Group Behaviour (3 = low, 9 = high for scope, density, and specificity) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-federal-share-holdings-24t62j1a.png Table 4: Federal Share Holdings https://scispace.com/papers/ldrd-final-report-autotuning-for-scalable-linear-algebra-3h7ophad9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-performance-of-cholesky-decomposition-on-20-node-16iylj67.png Figure 1: Performance of Cholesky decomposition on 20 node system with 2 Intel six-core processors per node for a total of 240 cores. Results compare the initial code (Inlined) vs. ScaLAPACK (production library) and two autotuned versions generated by our approach. Results show that our automatically generated optimized versions outperform the expertcoded ScaLAPACK version. https://scispace.com/papers/ldpc-based-joint-source-channel-network-coding-for-the-4in0pk3f37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ber-performance-for-the-markov-source-s1-snr-sd-9-5-9-wi1nccri.png Fig. 6. BER performance for the Markov Source S1. SNR SD -9.5 -9 -8.5 -8 -7.5 -7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-performance-of-the-markov-source-s2-23tv4ex0.png Fig. 7. BER performance of the Markov Source S2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-marc-model-fig-2-the-marc-system-block-diagram-dyrbyaov.png Fig. 1. The MARC model. Fig. 2. The MARC system block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-proposed-jsc-decoder-for-the-jscn-coding-scheme-3ttn515r.png Fig. 3. The proposed JSC decoder for the JSCN coding scheme applied to the MARC network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-performance-in-terms-of-ber-for-the-jscn-encoding-g34tyliv.png Fig. 4. The performance in terms of BER for the JSCN encoding solution applied to MARC setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-performance-of-jscn-system-where-rs1-rs2-1-2-rc-1-3mnv9emy.png Fig. 5. The performance of JSCN system, where Rs1 = Rs2 = 1/2, Rc= 1/4, and different pe1and pe2. https://scispace.com/papers/le-carnet-d-ordres-une-revue-de-litterature-23w9605hu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-carnet-dordres-agrege-du-titre-ebay-rpdr8x4l.png Figure 1.2: Carnet d’ordres agrégé du titre “EBAY” https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-carnet-dordres-du-titre-ebay-22rw7m74.png Figure 1.1: Carnet d’ordres du titre “EBAY”. https://scispace.com/papers/leader-interpersonal-emotion-regulation-and-follower-33iu5zmj2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-correlations-and-72z1hci1.png Table 1. Means, Standard Deviations, Correlations, and Reliabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-path-analyses-for-leader-interpersonal-emotion-2vk1w0it.png Figure 1. Path Analyses for Leader Interpersonal Emotion Regulation, Follower Affect and Follower Task Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multilevel-analysis-for-leader-ier-follower-affect-1197yhtn.png Table 2. Multilevel Analysis for Leader IER, Follower Affect, and Follower Task Performance https://scispace.com/papers/lead-isotope-variations-across-terrane-boundaries-of-the-29f30re6zs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-deposits-analyzed-in-the-present-study-subdivided-by-1na5qmlh.png Table 1 Deposits analyzed in the present study subdivided by terrane https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lead-isotope-compositions-and-u-and-pb-1qe1g5yu.png Table 3 Lead isotope compositions and U and Pb concentrations of sulfides from the ore deposits of Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lithologies-analyzed-in-the-present-study-subdivided-35ip24ws.png Table 2 Lithologies analyzed in the present study subdivided by terrane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geotectonic-map-of-central-asia-modified-from-3fei5geu.png Fig. 1 Geotectonic map of Central Asia (modified from Yakubchuk et al. 2003). The rectangle represents the investigated area within the southern Altaids (Fig. 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lead-isotope-compositions-of-rocks-and-silicate-3pivukx0.png Table 4 Lead isotope compositions of rocks and silicate minerals from the lithologies of Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-207pb-204pb-vs-206pb-204pb-and-208pb-204pb-vs-206pb-fvimx92s.png Fig. 3 207Pb/204Pb vs 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb vs 206Pb/204Pb diagrams of whole rocks fractions (leachate and residues) and minerals (K-feldspars, sulfides) investigated in this study. The upper crust (UC), orogen (OR), and mantle (M) evolution curves are from Zartman and Doe (1981). Arrows connect residue– leachate pairs of whole rocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-2xuc0jkd.png Table 3 Lead isotope compositions and U and Pb concentrations of sulfides from the ore deposits of Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-207pb-204pb-vs-206pb-204pb-and-208pb-204pb-vs-206pb-3ivgu8z8.png Fig. 4 207Pb/204Pb vs 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb vs 206Pb/204Pb diagrams of ore minerals investigated in this study subdivided by terrane. The colored areas represent the compositional fields of whole rocks from Fig. 3. The upper crust (UC), orogen (OR), and mantle (M) evolution curves are from Zartman and Doe (1981). Arrows connect raw and timeintegrated corrected values (tip of the arrows) of the same ore minerals. Age-corrected values are based on the ore deposit ages reported in Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/lead-mobilisation-in-the-hyporheic-zone-and-river-bank-210m2fri7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mass-balance-of-dissolved-lead-pb-loads-for-rookhope-1cut7qok.png Table 2 Mass balance of dissolved lead (Pb) loads for Rookhope stream segments to the base of the 375 catchment for the sampling events from years 2007-2009 inclusive 376 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydrological-setting-of-the-sampling-locations-2k254yvh.png Table 1 Hydrological setting of the sampling locations, Rookhope Burn catchment, northern England, UK 372 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-lead-pb-and-ph-of-surface-water-29jckenq.png Table 3 Analysis of lead (Pb) and pH of surface water, hyporheic zone pore water and bed sediments 380 along the Rookhope Burn catchment 381 https://scispace.com/papers/leadership-between-decks-a-synthesis-and-development-of-2dav1epxbq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-interaction-model-selective-axial-and-open-2hlqf0mo.png Figure 1: The Interaction model: selective, axial and open coding https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coding-themes-for-interaction-focus-groups-2oebywr9.png Table 2: Coding themes for Interaction Focus Groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-process-for-interaction-focus-groups-2fd832xh.png Table 1: Coding process for Interaction Focus Groups transcripts. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-a-game-commentary-generator-with-grounded-move-n0g5wr1p8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-distribution-of-length-of-comments-solid-red-real-1almlzbn.png Fig. 8. Distribution of length of comments (solid red: real distribution, dotted blue: approximated distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-error-analysis-of-generating-candidate-trees-3ikwa1rg.png TABLE III. ERROR ANALYSIS OF GENERATING CANDIDATE TREES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-starting-setup-of-shogi-right-expression-like-chess-3htt1cpp.png Fig. 1. Starting setup of Shogi (right: expression like chess) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-position-of-stabilizing-the-castle-3evmwnfg.png Fig. 11. Position of “Stabilizing the Castle” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-position-of-defending-fifth-file-2o5nawc5.png Fig. 12. Position of “Defending Fifth File” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-our-system-2hza5l38.png Fig. 2. Overview of our System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-generating-a-sentence-with-best-first-search-26u397yj.png Fig. 4. Generating a sentence with best first search https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-commented-trees-and-candidate-trees-32l0ezly.png Fig. 3. Examples of “commented trees” and “candidate trees” https://scispace.com/papers/leakwatch-estimating-information-leakage-from-java-programs-3t38yiuonc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-leakwatch-classloader-hierarchy-multiple-copies-of-1bdz791u.png Fig. 2. The LeakWatch classloader hierarchy. Multiple copies of the target program can be executed simultaneously and in isolation using separate instances of the LeakWatch classloader. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-influence-over-the-first-bit-of-the-keystream-of-1knipqss.png Fig. 4. The influence over the first bit of the keystream of each bit in a 48-bit secret initial state for Crypto-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-overview-of-the-java-dc-net-implementation-diner-2-1gsfmrcg.png Fig. 3. An overview of the Java DC-net implementation. Diner 2 pays the bill; the final result is 1, indicating that one of the Diners paid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-sampling-distributions-of-mutual-information-and-3bs9po9o.png Fig. 1. The sampling distributions of mutual information and min-entropy leakage (and the lower/upper bounds for min-entropy leakage’s confidence interval). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-effect-on-leakwatchs-execution-time-of-increasing-34w7gv2y.png Fig. 5. The effect on LeakWatch’s execution time of increasing the amount of secret or observable information in the examples in Sections 6.1 (the number of Diners, left) and 6.3 (the number of observable bits in the encrypted OpenPGP message, right). https://scispace.com/papers/learners-choices-and-beliefs-about-self-testing-1nbgsfpvv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-responses-to-the-post-experimental-question-1vp5mv2l.png TABLE 1 Responses to the post-experimental question https://scispace.com/papers/learning-based-event-response-for-marine-robotics-207grkrbu1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrative-use-of-multiple-robots-and-vessels-2i843ok0.png Fig. 1: Illustrative use of multiple robots and vessels sampling blooms in Monterey Bay as part of CANON. Remote sensing data, ocean models, and prior knowledge inform the activity of a heterogeneous network of mobile assets in the water. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mcc-results-based-on-classification-algorithm-and-lrvfwkap.png TABLE I: MCC results based on classification algorithm and input feature set. Here chlA and flh denote the spatially averaged features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-conceptual-overview-of-how-machine-learning-and-puia2mqk.png Fig. 2: A conceptual overview of how machine learning and event detection and response would work for a bloom event. AUVs could be retargeted based on expert assessment after being alerted about high chlorophyll levels based on ML models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bloom-like-events-occurring-in-the-northern-portion-of-16zgkjot.png Fig. 3: Bloom-like events occurring in the northern portion of Monterey Bay and in San Francisco Bay on October 7th, 2010. White patches indicate areas of unknown data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-test-results-for-oct-7-2010-the-top-row-shows-21jx0ysj.png Fig. 4: Test results for Oct 7, 2010. The top row shows MODISmeasured chlA and flh. The bottom row shows labels as calculated from MERIS MCI (left) and predicted by the GNB model (right). Bloom pixels are shown in red, and non-bloom pixels in blue. White areas represent unknown pixels either due to atmospheric interference or land. Since the labels are generated only for the subset of known MERIS and MODIS imagery, the labels are a smaller set of pixels than the MODIS images alone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-one-model-with-the-odss-showing-predicted-20cucawd.png Fig. 5: Results of one model with the ODSS, showing predicted blooms as a checkerboard pattern superimposed upon a 3-day MODIS chlA composite in the top-center of the map. The red line and white cross represent ship and buoy assets, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-cost-sensitive-bayesian-networks-via-direct-and-2w28x8jivi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-changing-the-data-distribution-of-hepatitis-dataset-2qlpoymn.png Fig. 2. Changing the data distribution of hepatitis dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-cost-matrix-for-two-class-problems-8g7bv0zb.png Table 1 A cost matrix for two-class problems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cost-sensitive-bayesian-network-algorithm-by-indirect-1xcpkt8l.png Fig. 4. Cost-sensitive Bayesian network algorithm by indirect approach using sampling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cost-sensitive-bayesian-network-algorithm-by-direct-3rl7d2uh.png Fig. 3. Cost-Sensitive Bayesian Network Algorithm by direct amendment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-outcomes-of-bayesian-network-classifier-on-p2hai4sq.png Table 2b Outcomes of Bayesian network classifier on Hepatitis test set https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-outcomes-of-decision-tree-classifier-j48-on-2xubygp2.png Table 2b Outcomes of Bayesian network classifier on Hepatitis test set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expected-cost-per-instance-of-cs-bn-via-direct-14wekznv.png Fig. 5. Expected cost per instance of CS-BN via direct, indirect methods and existing algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-presents-the-results-for-each-of-the-33-data-sets-21ceu5d6.png Table 3 presents the results for each of the 33 data sets and highlights the result with the lowest cost for each data set. Figure 5 presents the results of expected costs for each data set in the form of bar charts, and Fig. 6 presents the accuracy across different data sets. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-from-history-or-from-nature-or-both-recycling-391cdo0037 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-english-language-surveys-on-industrial-waste-2oo44un5.png Table 1: Main English Language Surveys on Industrial Waste Recovery, 1876-1963 https://scispace.com/papers/learning-in-social-environments-with-curious-neural-agents-261ysc9lbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-attention-patterns-a-the-bar-plot-shows-the-total-16k1aoar.png Figure 5: Attention Patterns. a) The bar plot shows the total animate attention, which is the ratio between the number of time steps an animate external agent was visible and the number of time steps a noise external agent was visible. The zoom-in box plots show the differences between mean attention to the animate external agents and the mean of attention to the other agents in a 500 step window, with periods of animate preference highlighted in purple. Results are averaged across 5 runs. γ-Progress displays strong animate attention while baselines are either indifferent, e.g δ-Progress, or fixating on white noise, e.g Adversarial. b) Fraction of indifference and white noise failures, out of eight tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-modeling-human-behavior-a-human-adults-wear-a-38g0c5iq.png Figure 6: Modeling human behavior. (a) Human adults wear a mobile eye tracker while watching displays consisting of four sets of spherical robots travelling along a mat. Human and model fixation proportions are similar. (b) Accuracy of early indicators of final performance, as a function of time, and (c) factor analysis hypothesis: curiosity signal determines attention, which determines final performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-learning-efficiency-results-shown-for-8-experiments-1gwlqdpq.png Figure 4: Learning Efficiency. Results shown for 8 experiments with the animate external agent varied according to the column labels. End performance (top row) is the average of the last 5 validation losses. Sample complexity plots (bottom row) show validation losses every 5000 environment steps. Error bars/regions are computed over 5 seeds. γ-Progress achieves lower sample complexity than all baselines on 7/8 behaviors while tying with RND and δ-Progress on the stochastic chasing. Notably, γ-Progress also outperforms baselines in end performance. See prediction visualizations at https://bit.ly/2uf7lEY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-asymptotic-model-performance-final-performance-of-8ewprd6n.png Figure 3: Asymptotic Model Performance. Final performance of the disentangled model and entangled ablation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-virtual-environment-our-3d-virtual-environment-is-a-25s3yl4w.png Figure 1: Virtual Environment. Our 3D virtual environment is a distillation of key aspects of real-world social scenes. The curious neural agent (white robot) is centered in a room, surrounded by various external agents (colored spheres) contained in different quadrants, each with dynamics that correspond to a realistic inanimate or animate behavior (right box). The curious neural agent can rotate to attend to different behaviors as shown by the first-person view images at the top. See https://bit.ly/2uf7lEY for videos. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-curious-neural-agent-architecture-the-curious-12zcjrwu.png Figure 2: Curious Neural Agent Architecture. The curious neural agent consists of a disentangled world model and a progressdriven controller. The disentangled world model contains independent component networks that each learn the dynamics of one external agent behavior. The curious agent’s observations ot are passed through an encoding oracle e that returns an object-oriented representation xt containing the positions of external agents that are in view, auxiliary object positions, and the curious agent’s orientation. Both the new (solid) and old (faded) models take as input xt−τin:t , route appropriate behavior-wise inputs to each component network, and jointly predict x̂t:t+τout . The old model weights, θold , are slowly updated to the new model weights θnew. The controller, πφ, is optimized to maximize γ-Progress reward: the difference L(θold)−L(θnew). https://scispace.com/papers/learning-inflation-expectations-and-optimal-monetary-policy-5fkypr4871 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-disinflation-under-commitment-qpr0atuj.png Figure 3.2 Disinflation under commitment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-limit-beliefs-and-policy-pairs-m39zs6ou.png Figure 4.2 Limit beliefs and policy pairs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-parameter-configuration1-3n92icsa.png Table 3.1 Parameter configuration1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-disinflation-under-discretion-1x7hbszm.png Figure 3.1 Disinflation under discretion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-perfect-knowledge-timing-of-events-3cr6h7ce.png Figure 4.1 Perfect knowledge: timing of events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-imperfect-knowledge-timing-of-events-3tbcj9zp.png Figure 5.1 Imperfect knowledge: timing of events https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-the-perceived-law-of-motion-for-inflation-1sjffodt.png Figure 2.1 The perceived law of motion for inflation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-an-incorrect-limit-belief-and-policy-pair-2hymarja.png Table 5.1 An incorrect limit belief and policy pair https://scispace.com/papers/learning-intermediate-level-representations-of-form-and-2bwa5gtcrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-testing-form-and-motion-selective-invariance-the-2dxsi05v.png Figure 9: Testing form- and motion-selective invariance. The degree of variation in each set of variables in the model (u, v, w) was measured in response to changes in image motion (gray) or to changes in image form (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-structure-of-learned-phase-shift-components-each-2ljitten.png Figure 7: Structure of learned phase-shift components. Each panel illustrates the structure of a representative phase-shift component from the population learned on natural movies. For each subpanel, we provide two illustrations: (left) learned phase-shift component weights and (right) motion vectors estimated from generated transformations. The learned weights are visualized in the space of the first-layer basis functions using the same convention as the amplitude components in Figure 5. Motion vectors indicate the image domain motion produced by a positive contribution of the corresponding phase-shift component (see the appendix). Each component produces a unique transformation in the image domain. The components are (a) global vertical translation, (b) local vertical translation, (c) rotation, (d) dilation, (e) temporalaliased structure, and (f) complex translation. Movies showing generated image transformations for each of these components can be found online at http : //www.vimeo.com/album/1624584. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-c-log-amplitudes-exhibit-linear-dependencies-1x0ky42y.png Figure 4: (a–c) Log amplitudes exhibit linear dependencies. Shown are the joint distribution of pairs of log amplitudes. Along each axis are shown the real, imaginary, amplitude, and phase plots for the corresponding complex basis function. There are clear linear correlations in the joint distributions of coefficients with basis functions overlapping in space (a: correlation coefficient = 0.46), nearby in space (b: cc = 0.28), and of different spatial frequency (c: cc = 0.12). (d–f) Phase derivatives exhibit linear dependencies. Shown are the joint distribution of pairs of phase derivatives. There are clear linear correlations in the joint distributions of coefficients with basis functions overlapping in space (d: high spatial frequency, correlation coefficient= 0.48; e: low spatial frequency, cc = 0.43), and at nonoverlapping spatial positions (f: cc = −0.27). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-amplitude-component-subpopulations-each-column-buqe95k5.png Figure 6: Amplitude component subpopulations. Each column illustrates a typical group of learned amplitude component functions. (a) Texture-boundary. (b) Collinear edge. (c) Cross-orientation. (d) Broad spatial tuning and broad orientation tuning. The texture-boundary selective components and the collinear edge components span a range of spatial positions and orientations. The crossorientation components are more broadly tuned spatially but also span a range of orientations and spatial positions (the component in the first row is spatially localized to the lower-left region of space). The components in d are broadly tuned in space and orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-factorization-into-amplitude-and-phase-the-first-a97ro91y.png Figure 3: Factorization into amplitude and phase. The first-layer model factors visual content into amplitude a and phase φ variables, which are more directly related to image form and motion as compared to the linear coefficients uR and uI . The left column shows the evolution of these variables for a sharp edge moving horizontally across the visual field (subsampled sequence shown above first plot). The right column shows the evolution of these variables for a natural movie sequence containing complex motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-phase-shift-component-subpopulations-each-column-1c0y7wjy.png Figure 8: Phase-shift component subpopulations. Each column depicts four exemplar phase-shift components. (a) Components selective for global translation are selective for different directions of motion. (b) Components of medium spatial extent with selectivity for horizontal motion tile spatial position, from top to bottom: top right, lower right, lower left, top left. (c) Components of small spatial extent selective for horizontal motion tile space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-architecture-the-first-hidden-layer-is-a-cvfvc9sj.png Figure 1: Model architecture. The first hidden layer is a sparse coding model utilizing complex basis functions A. The corresponding complex coefficients are factorized into amplitude a(t) and a complex phasor e jφ(t). The second hidden layer is a sparse coding model of the logarithm of the quantities represented in the first layer. In the motion pathway, the second layer models the time derivative of phase. The higher-order form and motion components, B and D, are learned from the statistical dependencies contained in the amplitudes and phase derivatives inferred from natural movies. These learned form and motion components are represented by the second-layer variables v(t) andw(t), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-structure-of-learned-amplitude-components-each-yes5vklt.png Figure 5: Structure of learned amplitude components. Each panel (a–f) illustrates the structure of a representative amplitude component from the population learned on natural movies. For each component, we provide two visualizations: (left) learned amplitude component weights and (right) exemplar image patches yielding large positive and negative responses. The learned weights (left) are visualized in the space of the first-layer basis functions (see the text). Image patches that produce a large positive or negative coefficient v (right) are selected from a large corpus of natural movies. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-mathematics-in-a-visuospatial-format-a-randomized-xrwwh6b3ue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-on-the-physical-abacus-sums-decoding-bay9hq7e.png Figure 5. Performance on the Physical Abacus Sums, Decoding, and Arithmetic tasks (administered in Years 1–3), plotted by a median split on spatial working memory (SWM). Error bars show 95% confidence intervals computed by nonparametric bootstrap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mathematics-outcome-measures-for-the-two-2zoaiqe0.png Figure 2. Mathematics outcome measures for the two intervention conditions, plotted by study year (with 0 being preintervention). Error bars show 95% confidence intervals computed by nonparametric bootstrap. MA = mental abacus; WIAT = Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-on-the-arithmetic-task-split-by-both-k1yqql6o.png Figure 4. Performance on the arithmetic task, split by both intervention condition and median spatial working memory performance in Year 0. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals; lines show best fitting quadratic curves. MA = mental abacus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-japanese-soroban-style-abacus-used-by-1xlilpox.png Figure 1. The Japanese soroban style abacus used by participants in this study, shown here representing the value 123,456,789. A physical abacus represents number via the arrangement of beads into columns, each of which represents a place value (e.g., ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.), with values increasing from right to left. To become proficient at mental abacus, users of the physical abacus learn to create a mental image of the device and to manipulate this image to perform computations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cognitive-outcome-measures-for-the-two-intervention-1ncem0py.png Figure 3. Cognitive outcome measures for the two intervention conditions, plotted by study year. Top axes show mean items correct in working memory span tasks, while bottom axes show proportion correct across trials in number comparison and mental rotation tasks. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals computed by nonparametric bootstrap. MA = mental abacus; WM = working memory. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-icons-appearance-similarity-1nq1tf769f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-examples-of-the-triplets-sampled-during-training-the-3px51vft.png Fig. 5 Examples of the triplets sampled during training. The variables xR, xP and xN refers to the reference, positive and negative icon respectively. The positive icon and the reference are selected from the same class and they have the larger Euclidean distance among the icons inside that class. The negative icon has the shorter Euclidean distance to the reference among the icons within a different randomly selected class. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-model-performance-while-varying-the-number-of-layers-3p1yq6ix.png Fig. 6 Model performance while varying the number of layers. The vertical axis shows the majority precision obtained while the horizontal axis shows the model description. In the models description, CB refers to the convolutional Blocks and FC to the Fully Connected layers. We can observe how the best model has four convolutional Blocks achieving nearly 74% majority precision. The models with less number of layers and parameters are not able to reach that performance. Also, the model with five convolutional blocks seems to overfit getting similar performance to the model with just two convolutional blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-screenshot-of-the-test-developed-to-validate-the-339fk5ub.png Fig. 11 Screenshot of the test developed to validate the usefulness of the proposed icon sets. The icon set is made of four icons belonging to the keywords: clothes (top-left), animal (top-right), faces (bottom-left) and food (bottom-right). Below the images the question appears allowing for a binary answer (yes or no). The blue button goes to the next icon set and on the bottom left corner, whit gray background, we can see the progress of the test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-general-icon-set-proposal-for-the-keywords-animals-a-355idel2.png Fig. 10 General icon set proposal for the keywords: animals (A), arrows (B) and buildings (C). Sets are optimized for the properties of visual identity and style using our method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-following-figure-shows-the-most-similar-images-216f7t3q.png Fig. 9 The following figure shows the most similar images given a reference and compares the output given by our method with the output given by Garces et al. [15] and the pretrained network VGG19 [49]. We can observe how our method returns visually appealing results considering both style and visual identity. The method of Garces et al. returns icons that match the style of the reference in most cases yet it does not consider visual identity. Some of the results obtained with the network VGG19 are coherent in style and visual identity (circles), however, several icons do not match the style of the reference (candle, calendars). Moreover, the network VGG19 encodes each input icon in a 4096-dimensional space and uses 144M parameters while our method encodes each icon into a 256-dimensional space and uses 47M parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overview-of-our-work-the-leftmost-part-shows-the-data-173vp0qm.png Fig. 3 Overview of our work: The leftmost part shows the data gathering process. First, we collect a dataset of icons and use it to train the similarity metric. Since the dataset contains icons labeled by the designers, we cannot completely trust their annotations and might find spurious data or noise. Due to that, we use part of the data gathered to launch crowdsourcing experiments in Amazon Mechanical Turk and obtain curated test data that we use to compare the trained models. Once the data is collected, we train a Siamese Neural Network (SNN) that works as our distance metric, returning small values for icons that share style and visual identity while returning large values for icons that do not share those properties. With the trained model we are also able to compare icons distances and perform similarity searches by returning the icons with the minimum distance to a reference in the learned Euclidean space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-with-the-shape-kernel-of-demiralp-et-al-11-2n10hraz.png Fig. 8 Comparison with the shape kernel of Demiralp et al. [11] (darker means more similar). (a) Shape kernel of Demiralp et al. using ten gray-scale icons. (b) Kernel obtained using our metric. Note that, as opposed to Demiralp’s kernel, the triangles using our kernel are not invariant to rotation. In (c) and (d) we show pairs of icons with maximum perceptual distances for Demiralp’s kernel (c) and our metric (d). Our model is capable to return coherent icons with maximum perceptual distance although we did not collect the data with this specific purpose. On the other hand, the method of Demiralp et al. can only be computed for their set of ten icons. (e) Pairs of icons with maximum distances using our whole dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-visualization-created-using-the-t-sne-algorithm-it-31af82mj.png Fig. 7 Visualization created using the t-SNE algorithm. It reduces the dimensionality of the feature vectors that our model learns to a two-dimensional Cartesian space. Note how icons with similar appearance are grouped in the same regions. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-opponents-preferences-in-multi-object-automated-11fc7qlzz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-likelihood-of-selecting-the-correct-class-9wl60nel.png Figure 1: Average likelihood of selecting the correct class https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-weighted-average-similarity-to-true-preference-jaa4ruzi.png Figure 3: Weighted average similarity to true preference relation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-likelihood-of-selecting-the-correct-2oxrfxjw.png Figure 2: Average likelihood of selecting the correct preference relation https://scispace.com/papers/learning-stochastically-stable-gaussian-process-state-space-2ma9cmvxqu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-overview-of-the-proposed-scheme-for-a-data-3v8eo0bx.png Figure 1: An overview of the proposed scheme for a data-driven stabilization of GPSSM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-example-1-showing-the-norm-of-10-125vvf23.png Figure 7: Illustration of Example 1 showing the norm of 10 trajectories for case i) asymptotic stability without any additional data points nζ̄ < l2 (left) case ii) ultimate boundedness nζ̄ ≥ l2 (middle) and case iii) asymptotic stability for nζ̄ ≥ l2 with 1290 additional data points (right) according to Theorem 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-illustrations-show-the-steps-of-the-proof-for-3rfxeasx.png Figure 6: The illustrations show the steps of the proof for Theorem 3. Blue crosses indicate training data in Dadd and red areas the sets of x for which δVsq(xκ) < 0 is shown. The left drawing illustrates the one dimensional case. The middle drawing shows the extension from one dimension to multiple dimension, by choosing a ∥∥x(ã)∥∥ = r̃ < r/3. The point −x(ã) is the most critical point, as the variance σ2D2 is constantly decreasing along the circle as shown by the arrows. The right drawing illustrates a possible covering using an additional training points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-gpssm-without-stabilization-top-and-the-1mrddulj.png Figure 10: The GPSSM without stabilization (top) and the stochastic simulations (bottom) along with the training data (black arrows) for the N-Shape motion. The contour lines of the Lyapunov function are shown in orange. The trajectories (red with stabilization u(·), green without stabilization u(·)) are initialized twice at [−150 − 120]ᵀ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparing-the-functions-v-x-and-v-x-for-the-two-3a7xa4fp.png Figure 4: Comparing the functions V̄ (‖x‖) and V (‖x‖) for the two different cases of hyperparameters, resulting in almost sure UUB for l2 < nζ̄ and almost sure uniform asymptotic stability for l2 > nζ̄. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-illustration-for-r-as-derived-in-the-36adn2vm.png Figure 5: Numerical illustration for r as derived in the proof of Theorem 3 in the one dimensional case. For ζ̄ = 2, l2 = 1, it can be seen that x2>σ2D2 (x) holds ∀x only for x (ã) = 0.3 < r̃ (green). For x(ã) = 1 (orange) this is only ensured for 0 < x < 1, for x(ã) = 1.6, this is nowhere guaranteed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-a-possible-training-dataset-d-for-2vsen2yq.png Figure 2: Illustration of a possible training dataset D for the case of two equilibria x1∗ ,x2∗ . Here the data stem from three different trajectories (1-2-3,4-5-6,7-8). Within one trajectory, the end point of one step is the starting point of the next, e.g. y(1) = x(2), y(4) = x(5), etc. But this is not the case across different trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-non-stabilized-gpssm-xk-1-u-xk-top-and-the-1fkpnzkw.png Figure 9: The non-stabilized GPSSM xκ+1 = µ(xκ) (top) and the stabilized model xκ+1 = µ(xκ) + u(xκ) (bottom,) are visualized as streamlines (blue) along with the training data (black arrows) for the motion Multi-Model 1. The contour lines of the Lyapunov function are shown in orange. Without stabilizing command u(·), there is a spurious attractor near [−200 80]ᵀ, which is eliminate through the stabilization. The trajectories (red), initialized at the starting state of each training trajectory, converge asymptotically to the identified equilibrium. The contour lines for the SOS control Lyapunov function are plotted in green. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-through-fictitious-play-in-a-game-theoretic-model-35ai3nd4hi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-the-region-of-stability-for-9b-the-cross-hairs-ybmr8maf.png Figure 1: left: The region of stability for (9b). The cross-hairs correspond to points selected for the subsequent simulations. center: The learning process for identical νi’s. right: The learning process for different νi’s. In both simulations b1 = b2 = 1, x(0) = 0.5, y1(0) = y2(0) = 0, ρ1(0) = 0.8 and ρ2(0) = 0.2. Note that since b1 = b2, (5) holds true for all ν1.ν2. https://scispace.com/papers/learning-vocabulary-from-reading-only-reading-while-2xguj5orrj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-target-items-16-for-beginner-learners-n-32-ljy512jn.png Table 1 Target items (16) for beginner learners (N = 32) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vocabulary-test-scores-of-beginner-learners-by-1a57oxve.png Table 3 Vocabulary test scores of beginner learners by reading modes (N = 32) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-vocabulary-test-scores-of-intermediate-learners-by-35doe4ks.png Table 5 Vocabulary test scores of intermediate learners by reading modes (N = 28) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-target-items-13-for-intermediate-learners-n-28-eyqh1plm.png Table 4 Target items (13) for intermediate learners (N = 28). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-collection-procedure-6gqn9nnr.png Table 2 Data collection procedure https://scispace.com/papers/left-ventricle-quantification-challenge-a-comprehensive-2b4neuv67e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-demographic-information-and-the-statistics-of-the-2uyrga7b.png TABLE II: Demographic information and the statistics of the ground truth labels in the training/test dataset. For each continuous variable, a triple of {min, median, max} is provided. For cardiac phase, numbers of the two classes are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-various-network-structures-are-utilized-by-the-2r6c09yb.png Fig. 3: Various network structures are utilized by the submissions, to extract powerful cardiac representations (a, b), to enhance the feature extractions (d, e, f, g), to aggregate features from multi-scale and resolutions (c, h), and to model the temporal dynamics of cardiac motion (i). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-performance-of-all-submissions-on-the-test-dataset-2n542mia.png TABLE IV: Performance of all submissions on the test dataset (30 unseen subjects). MAE±std is shown for areas, dimensions and RWTs, and error rate is shown for cardiac phase. For each category, the best result is highlighted in boldface. The best DR method and the best SG methods perform very close to each other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-four-tasks-of-lv-quantification-in-the-lvquan-2018-nu8h7dj8.png Fig. 1: The four tasks of LV quantification in the LVQuan 2018 challenge: areas of cavity (A-cav) and myocardium (Amyo), directional dimensions of cavity (dim1∼dim3), regional wall thicknesses (for regions of IS, I, IL, AL, A, AS), and cardiac phase (1: systole or 0: diastole). (A: anterior; AS: anterospetal; IS: inferoseptal; I: inferior; IL: inferolateral; AL: anterolateral.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-frame-wise-estimation-errors-of-the-lv-indices-3mk0repf.png Fig. 4: Average frame-wise estimation errors of the LV indices for all submissions on the test dataset. The DR method LDAMT and the SG method ResUNet perform consistently well for all frames across the whole cardiac cycle and for all indices. (Similar colors represent methods from the same category.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-performance-of-all-submissions-for-the-lvquan-2018-1c8iwvai.png TABLE III: Performance of all submissions for the LVQuan 2018 challenge on the training dataset with 145 subjects under the five-fold cross validation (CV) protocols. For each task, only the average performance is shown here and the best result is highlighted in boldface. Average MAE is shown for areas, dimensions and RWTs, and error rate is shown for cardiac phase. All the methods achieved performance better or close to the state-of-the-art DMTRL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-general-information-of-existing-datasets-including-5ddnjej7.png TABLE I: General information of existing datasets, including number of patients, whether the data comes from multiple or single source, age, gender, and representative pathologies. For patient’s age, a triple of mean {min, max} is provided for each dataset. For patient’s gender, male:female is provided. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-p-values-of-paired-students-t-test-are-demonstrated-2js9gfcw.png TABLE V: p-values of paired student’s t-test are demonstrated to test the significance of performance difference for different methods. p-values higher than 0.05 are highlighted in bold face. https://scispace.com/papers/legislative-fractionalization-and-partisan-shifts-to-the-2of1law8ks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-public-energy-r-d-in-non-fossil-fuel-energy-ycnw83hq.png Figure 1: Total public energy R&D in non-fossil fuel energy technologies for 22 OECD countries that are IEA members, 1976-2007. The values are in millions of USD, 2009 constant prices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-empirical-results-this-table-shows-the-three-main-3nvnko3e.png Table 4: Empirical results. This table shows the three main models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-volatility-of-per-capita-public-energy-r-d-usd-2009-1gygn36l.png Figure 3: Volatility of per capita public energy R&D (USD, 2009 constant prices) in the countries included in the dataset. Switzerland is omitted from some statistical models due to missing data for partisanship. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimation-of-the-main-model-using-the-natural-374q0qp1.png Table 8: Estimation of the main model using the natural logarithm of per capita public energy R&D and a two-parameter beta distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-the-regression-analysis-of-1s46vdou.png Table 3: Summary statistics for the regression analysis of volatility. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-volatility-of-per-capita-public-energy-r-d-as-a-zudr9d1j.png Figure 5: Volatility of per capita public energy R&D as a function of shifts in the government’s partisanship. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-regression-model-of-per-capita-public-energy-r-d-rlghbt4g.png Table 1: A regression model of per capita public energy R&D that allows the operationalization of volatility. In the empirical analysis to follow, volatility is operationalized for each country-year as the absolute value of the difference between the prediction from this regression model and the actual public energy R&D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-per-capita-public-energy-r-d-usd-2009-constant-3hc7pdrw.png Figure 2: Per capita public energy R&D (USD, 2009 constant prices) for the countries included in the dataset. Switzerland is omitted from some statistical models due to missing data for partisanship. https://scispace.com/papers/les-etudes-cas-non-cas-principe-methodes-biais-et-4453s46glj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tableau-de-contingence-pour-lanalyse-cas-non-cas-3bw50j9f.png Figure 1. Tableau de contingence pour l’analyse cas—non cas. EIM : effet indésirable médicamenteux. https://scispace.com/papers/les-of-knocking-in-engines-using-dual-heat-transfer-and-two-5a8pvkizlm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-skin-wall-temperatures-obtained-from-0d-simulations-2a8qlm90.png Table 4 Skin wall temperatures obtained from 0D simulations used for the empirical simulation [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-engine-specifications-crank-angle-degrees-cad-1zrm3l34.png Table 2 Main engine specifications. Crank Angle Degrees (CAD) are relative to combustion top dead center. IVO and IVC respectively stand for Inlet Valve Opening and Closure while EVO and EVC stand for Exhaust Valve Opening and Closure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sketch-of-the-experimental-ecosural-engine-test-bench-kiro5kpq.png Fig. 5. Sketch of the experimental Ecosural engine test bench. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-definition-of-the-operating-point-chosed-in-the-1qiu1efk.png Table 3 Definition of the operating point chosed in the ICAMDAC database to study the knocking phenomena. IMEP stands for Indicated Mean Effective Pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustration-of-a-typical-mesh-for-the-les-simulation-2koxghcz.png Fig. 6. Illustration of a typical mesh for the LES simulation (left) and for the CHT simulation (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-temporal-evolution-of-the-in-cylinder-pressure-3jjgzqj2.png Fig. 19. Temporal evolution of the in-cylinder pressure recorded by a pressure probe in C-case(15 cycles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-temporal-evolution-of-the-in-cylinder-pressure-for-3-3qjuybet.png Fig. 20. Temporal evolution of the in-cylinder pressure for 3 cycle with high knocking intensity for C-case, D-case and E-case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mean-heat-flux-between-the-cylinder-head-and-the-fluid-8ts3hy66.png Fig. 8. Mean heat flux between the cylinder head and the fluid integrated over each engine cycle. https://scispace.com/papers/lessons-and-recommendations-from-three-decades-as-an-nsf-reu-4ms0851g20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hf-srpe-career-outcomes-top-pipeline-annual-alumni-1au1b3s1.png Figure 4. HF-SRPE career outcomes (top “pipeline”). Annual alumni surveys were sent to 418 alumnae/i (cohorts from 2001 onward) between 2012 and 2016. Averages of yearly snapshots 419 reveal that alumnae/i have pursued or received environmental- or ecology-related graduate 420 degrees and continue to use these disciplines during their careers. Further information is required 421 to determine the impact of HF-SRPE on these outcomes. The CHAT activity triangles (bottom) 422 illustrate how components could be assessed with current frameworks (bottom left) or within a 423 full CHAT framework (bottom center, bottom right). 424 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-that-are-commonly-collected-during-the-vx118abd.png Figure 2. Data that are commonly collected during the recruitment and hiring process (top) and 392 the CHAT activity triangles illustrating how components could be assessed with current 393 frameworks (bottom left) or could be assessed within a full CHAT framework (bottom center 394 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chats-activity-system-components-the-activity-dpx0tgbs.png Figure 1. CHAT’s activity system components. The activity triangle highlights how components 387 interact with others within the system (top), and the contradictions that can be examined through 388 CHAT. 389 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-data-commonly-collected-when-assessing-learning-1sban2uu.png Figure 3. Data commonly collected when assessing learning gains (top) and CHAT activity 406 triangles illustrating how components could be assessed with current frameworks (bottom left) or 407 within a full CHAT framework (bottom center and bottom right). The top panels show changes 408 in scientific thinking, personal gains in overall confidence in doing research, research skills, and 409 attitudes and behaviors about doing research. Values range from 1 (low) to 5 (high) for all 410 https://scispace.com/papers/lessons-from-speciation-dynamics-how-to-generate-selective-2y96cvriuw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-the-assortative-range-for-different-16c62da1.png Figure 4: Distribution of the assortative range ∆ for different configurations and the distribution of branch lengths in the phylogenetic tree with fitted Weibull distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-setting-of-the-exploration-task-with-a-typical-1a0gkfk4.png Figure 7: Setting of the exploration task with a typical trajectory. The robot is initially positioned randomly within the lower left room with a random heading. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-settings-for-fixed-assortative-mating-fam-3vuqlsbf.png Table 1: Parameter settings for fixed assortative mating (FAM) and for evolved assortative mating (EAM); some parameters differ from [36]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-beak-sizes-s-over-generations-t-for-evolved-27u6dc7y.png Figure 3: Beak sizes s over generations t for evolved assortative mating; for parameters see Tab. 1; these three examples differ only in their random initialization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-fitness-functions-1f6tlyfl.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the fitness functions generated by novelty search [14] and MOBD [17]; circles represent known behaviors, selective pressure is towards bigger values of F . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-histogram-of-distances-between-the-explored-regions-u6frmsx2.png Figure 9: Histogram of distances between the explored regions of configuration space for all individuals (accumulated over 100 evolutionary runs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-averaged-movement-of-species-and-implied-potentials-3841duxq.png Figure 6: Averaged movement of species and implied potentials over beak size for different configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-beak-sizes-s-over-generations-t-for-fixed-1yekgltc.png Figure 2: Beak sizes s over generations t for fixed assortative mating; for parameters see Tab. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/lessons-learned-from-ior-steamflooding-in-a-bitumen-light-3c76w3jt6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-field-cumulative-oil-production-oil-rate-with-2fpt0ysq.png Figure 3 Field Cumulative Oil Production & Oil Rate with Steamflooding & the Base Case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anova-for-the-reduced-linear-model-for-oad-by-1j41fbc0.png Table 1 ANOVA for the Reduced Linear Model for OAD by Backward Stepwise Elimination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-for-the-reduced-linear-model-for-ffd-by-tblj3gyx.png Table 2 ANOVA for the Reduced Linear Model for FFD by Backward Stepwise Elimination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-basic-diagnostic-plots-for-the-transformed-response-3lh8esi6.png Figure 8 Basic Diagnostic Plots for the Transformed Response Reduced Model of Hammersley Sequence Sampling Approach. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anova-for-the-transformed-reduced-linear-model-30840n5m.png Table 3 ANOVA for the Transformed Reduced Linear Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-location-of-south-rumaila-oil-field-3kl6kvhw.png Figure 1 Geographical Location of South Rumaila Oil Field, Southern of Iraq. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-basic-diagnostic-plots-for-the-reduced-linear-oad-1g8sc3eq.png Figure 4 Basic Diagnostic Plots for the Reduced Linear OAD Model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-component-residual-plots-for-the-reduced-linear-oad-2r6t797w.png Figure 5 Component-Residual Plots for the Reduced Linear OAD Model. https://scispace.com/papers/lessons-learned-from-numerical-simulations-of-the-f-16xl-239h7quogt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-flight-condition-fc25-force-moment-coefficients-2bn239b4.png Table 2. Flight condition FC25, force/moment coefficients. Details about grids3 and solvers4–16 used are given in the references, also refer to Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-flight-condition-fc25-force-moment-coefficients-3n6tu20v.png Table 3. Flight condition FC25, force/moment coefficients - statistical analysis. Details about grids3 and solvers4–16 used are given in the references, also refer to Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spanwise-comparison-fs330-for-fc19-of-the-magnitude-27ig5gpz.png Figure 4. Spanwise comparison (FS330) for FC19 of the magnitude of the skin friction coefficient Cf . Details about grids3 and solvers4–16 used are given in the references, also refer to Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vortical-flow-features-over-upper-surface-for-fc19-2izgwg8l.png Figure 3. Vortical-flow features over upper surface for FC19. Details about grids3 and solvers4–16 used are given in the references, also refer to Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-span-wise-cuts-at-fs337-5-for-three-different-1wzz188x.png Figure 12. Span-wise cuts at FS337.5 for three different unstructured solutions; magnified mesh and total-pressure-loss iso-lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-flight-condition-fc70-force-moment-coefficients-tdferf7p.png Table 4. Flight condition FC70, force/moment coefficients. Details about grids3 and solvers4–16 used are given in the references, also refer to Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-surface-grids-on-upper-surface-top-half-triply-8lh10ewr.png Figure 8. Surface grids on upper surface; top half: triply-adapted mesh for Euler, lower half: common RANS mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-kth-inviscid-solution-on-upper-surface-with-triply-2g4fpqpx.png Figure 9. KTH inviscid solution on upper surface with triply-adapted mesh; top half, streamlines superimposed over surface Mach number (Blue: M < 1; green: M = 1; red: M > 1); bottom half, isobars of Cp (C∗p = −0.052 magenta). https://scispace.com/papers/letter-of-intent-a-new-investigation-of-nu-mu-rightarrow-nu-4ux6hawaax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-miniboone-tests-on-light-level-vs-concentration-of-3svjqitw.png Figure 10: MiniBooNE tests on light level vs. concentration of butyl-PBD [30]. The vertical scale is number of photoelectrons (PE) produced with that particular apparatus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-diagrams-of-signal-a-and-background-b-c-neutrino-1gp0i899.png Figure 3: Diagrams of signal (a) and background (b,c) neutrino oscillation candidate events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-absorption-and-emission-spectra-of-butyl-pbd-2835vqw0.png Figure 5: The absorption and emission spectra of butyl-PBD and PPO with the MiniBooNE PMT quantum efficiency overlaid on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-position-top-and-angular-bottom-resolution-obtained-19tznayp.png Figure 9: Position (top) and angular (bottom) resolution obtained with the MiniBooNE reconstruction “SFitter” and “RFitter” algorithms for 100-600 MeV electrons with both the standard (current) scintillation model and a butyl-PBD model. The Rfitter was run at only 100 and 500 MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-simulated-results-for-a-neutron-fraction-3s11mws4.png Table 1: Summary of simulated results for a neutron fraction measurement with the oscillation sample. In this study the “NC prediction” is the expected value for neutron fraction with systematic errors in the case if the oscillation excess was all from NC backgrounds. The “fake data” is with the assumption that the oscillation excess is all CC oscillation signal with statistical errors. The top row (“standard”) is with the standard assumptions as explained in Sec. 5.1 and with 6.5× 1020 POT, and the other rows are variations with the standard configuration plus the change indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pmt-multiplicity-distribution-from-neutron-capture-3ibeybp7.png Figure 4: PMT multiplicity distribution from neutron-capture candidate events in an 2004 data study [28]. The data points are shown with error bars after subtraction of random coincidence rate. There is no data below 4 hits because of the trigger threshold. The MC prediction is shown as solid histogram. “Spurion” was a whimsical name given to neutron-capture candidates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-angular-distribution-of-light-around-the-2dufnj9j.png Figure 8: Angular distribution of light around the reconstructed direction of 50 MeV electrons for the standard (current) scintillation model compared to the butyl-PBD model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-position-resolution-of-simulated-2-2-mev-g-events-rzgbyfym.png Figure 7: Position resolution of simulated 2.2 MeV γ events for the naive scintillation model (top) compared to that for the butyl-PBD model (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/level-slope-curvature-of-the-sovereign-yield-curve-and-2uosbcdqdh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-clearly-shows-as-a-result-even-though-their-25kxo7es.png Figure 4.3 clearly shows. As a result, even though their movements are fairly close to each other, their correlation is only of 72%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-shows-the-estimated-time-series-of-tl-ts-and-tc-1hyaunwc.png Figure 5 shows the estimated time-series of tL , tS and tC (computed with the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-loadings-of-tl-ts-and-tc-u-s-1961-6-2010-2-2lpdxq3g.png Figure 2. Loadings of tL , tS and tC , U.S. 1961:6-2010:2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relation-of-this-paper-with-the-literature-13ktv3v9.png Figure 1 - Relation of this paper with the literature https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reports-for-selected-horizons-the-decomposition-of-1mn899h3.png Table 4 reports, for selected horizons, the decomposition of the forecast errors variance of the fiscal policy variable and the yield curve latent factors in the case of the VAR including the change in the debt-to-GDP ratio as indicator of fiscal behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-granger-causality-between-the-fiscal-variables-and-2k7tkiw2.png Table 6. Granger Causality between the fiscal variables and the Yield Curve latent factors, Germany 1981:I-2009:IV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimates-of-tl-ts-tc-and-empirical-proxy-germany-1lj0ymo9.png Figure 6. Estimates of tL , tS , tC , and empirical proxy, Germany 1972:9-2010:3 6.1. Lt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-impulse-response-functions-to-shock-in-annual-lunblhf5.png Figure 9. Impulse Response Functions to shock in annual change of the Government Debt-to-GDP ratio, Germany 1981:I-2009:IV https://scispace.com/papers/leveraging-the-software-ecosystem-towards-a-business-model-52jyg23bqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-framework-of-business-models-2r1cmcis.png Figure 1: Framework of Business Models. https://scispace.com/papers/leveraging-environment-and-climate-change-initiatives-for-1g6x0udjq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-growth-rate-of-iso-certified-companies-in-asia-3tov9bxz.png Figure 4: Growth Rate of ISO Certified Companies in Asia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-of-iso-14001-and-iso-9000-certified-companies-1ukv5o5w.png Figure 5: Ratio of ISO 14001 and ISO 9000 Certified Companies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-increase-in-the-number-of-companies-publishing-t4h1arrt.png Figure 7: Increase in the Number of Companies Publishing Sustainability Reports https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-worlds-historical-and-projected-energy-related-co2-38oedwtg.png Figure 1: World’s Historical and Projected Energy-Related CO2 Emissions for Reference Scenario and 450 Scenario1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-signatories-of-unep-finance-initiative-3pjdi3fd.png Table 9: Signatories of UNEP-Finance Initiative https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-iso-certified-companies-in-major-asian-2ld2l7ek.png Figure 3: Number of ISO Certified Companies in Major Asian Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chronology-of-tbl-integration-and-corporate-1bdst8av.png Table 4: Chronology of TBL Integration and Corporate Management https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-corporate-sustainability-indices-2zmn22ny.png Table 5: Corporate Sustainability Indices https://scispace.com/papers/lewos-a-universal-leaf-wood-classification-method-to-1ivlw1o9cq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-class-regularization-a-point-wise-wood-3468001c.png FIGURE 5: Example of class regularization. a) Point-wise wood class probability. Note that prleaf = 1 − prwood. b) Leaf-wood classification without regularization. c) Leafwood classification with regularization. Note that some misclassified stem and leaf points were corrected by regularization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-large-tropical-trees-with-manually-34bh7sg4.png FIGURE 2: Examples of large tropical trees with manually separated leaf (green) and wood (brown) components. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-analysis-of-a-volume-and-b-branch-length-estimation-1pxhaw84.png FIGURE 9: Analysis of a) volume and b) branch length estimation residuals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-graph-construction-a-node-black-dot-is-2em7hf96.png FIGURE 3: Example of graph construction. A node (black dot) is firstly connected to its 10 neighbors (left). The pruned graph is shown on the right. The connected components represent individual clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-on-different-branch-orders-irsywb53.png TABLE 3 Results on different branch orders. https://scispace.com/papers/lexical-syntactic-and-semantic-geometric-factors-in-the-1xsfqcmthp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-generalization-patterns-for-each-condition-s8ao2e8y.png Table 2 Generalization Patterns for Each Condition https://scispace.com/papers/libguides-and-web-based-library-guides-in-comparison-is-p2ssxyde10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-averages-for-the-questions-on-knowledge-of-and-1dvppjxk.png TABLE 3 Averages for the Questions on Knowledge of and Satisfaction with Using Library Resources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-a-section-of-the-web-page-version-of-3qp8206y.png FIGURE 1 Screenshot of a section of the Web page version of the assignment. (Color figure available online). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percent-correct-for-each-of-the-knowledge-based-1f2aq8s9.png TABLE 1 Percent Correct for Each of the Knowledge-Based Survey Questions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshot-of-a-section-of-the-libguides-version-of-u0m50d4l.png FIGURE 2 Screenshot of a section of the LibGuides version of the assignment. (Color figure available online). https://scispace.com/papers/licensing-to-vertically-related-markets-39c36hb9nc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-values-for-proposition-4-and-5-1c07c950.png Table 1: Numerical values for Proposition 4 and 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-optimal-licensing-contract-graph-for-a-1-n-1-1xjkw7ds.png Figure 2: The optimal licensing contract (Graph for A = 1, N = 1, θm = θn = 2 5) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-licensing-to-a-less-efficient-upstream-market-lm-lm-1nu6fyny.png Table 4: Licensing to a less efficient upstream market, lm = lm∗ https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-licensing-to-a-less-efficient-upstream-market-lm-m-18luk8s1.png Table 3: Licensing to a less efficient upstream market, lm = M https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numerical-values-for-proposition-16-3tqh214f.png Table 2: Numerical values for Proposition 16 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposition-8-the-optimal-licensing-contract-1tglheg5.png Figure 1: Proposition 8 - The optimal licensing contract https://scispace.com/papers/lichenometric-dating-lichenometry-and-the-biology-of-the-1fo1vdonge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-changes-in-the-abundance-cover-of-the-lichen-306i5g3o.png Figure 10. Changes in the abundance (% cover) of the lichen Rhizocarpon 1586 geographicum (L.) DC. with vertical distance down the face on two southeast-facing 1587 rock surfaces (A,B), 50 m apart, in north Wales, UK. (R.A. Armstrong, unpublished 1588 data). 1589 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-growth-curve-of-the-lichen-rhizocarpon-geographicum-69r8iyzf.png Figure 6. Growth curve of the lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. by direct 1558 measurement: a plot of radial growth rate [RaGR] versus thallus diameter on rock 1559 surfaces in north Wales. Three phases of growth were identified: (1) an early growth 1560 phase in which RaGR increased to a maximum, (2) a short phase in thalli 30 – 40 mm 1561 in diameter at which RaGR was maximal, and (3) a phase in which RaGR declined in 1562 thalli greater than approximately 50 mm in diameter (data from Armstrong 2012) 1563 (Data from Armstrong 2005b). 1564 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-variables-influencing-the-size-of-largest-thallus-1qzlfd11.png Figure 11. Variables influencing the size of largest thallus achieved on a rock surface 1593 (RaGR = Radial growth rate). 1594 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fusion-of-adjacent-thalli-arrows-of-the-lichen-25vxj5l5.png Figure 7. Fusion of adjacent thalli (arrows) of the lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum 1568 (L.) DC. growing in north Wales with bands of prothalli marking the original thalli, 1569 bar = 5 mm. 1570 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-an-older-thallus-of-rhizocarpon-geographicum-with-2mhon24d.png Figure 8. An older thallus of Rhizocarpon geographicum with degenerating centre. 1574 Arrows indicate surviving fragments which may develop into new individuals, bar = 1575 10 mm. 1576 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-early-stage-in-the-development-of-rhizocarpon-bj9c47dx.png Figure 3. Early stage in the development of Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. 1541 thalli growing on quartzite in the Cascade Mountains, Pacific northwest, USA 1542 comprising a single areole surrounded by prothallus (arrow), bar = 2 mm. 1543 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fungal-wefts-arrows-the-earliest-identifiable-3p51gq86.png Figure 2. Fungal ‘wefts’ (arrows), the earliest identifiable stages of colonization by 1535 the yellow-green lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. growing on quartzite in 1536 the Cascade Mountains, Pacific northwest, USA, bar = 2mm. 1537 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-mature-thallus-of-rhizocarpon-geographicum-l-dc-134f4o6n.png Figure 4. A mature thallus of Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. growing on 1546 quartzite in the Cascade Mountains, Pacific northwest, USA; Arrow indicates a 1547 marginal (‘pioneer’) areola, bar = 1 mm. 1548 https://scispace.com/papers/life-cycle-energy-efficiency-in-building-structures-a-review-11wa1g50ho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-multi-level-decision-hierarchy-figure-8-conceptual-28nze5ip.png Figure 7 Multi-level decision hierarchy Figure 8 Conceptual filtering representation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-domain-fields-of-the-study-1zmvd35v.png Figure 3 Domain fields of the study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-embodied-energy-distribution-adapted-from-66-figure-1ayehg1p.png Figure 1 Embodied energy distribution, adapted from [66] Figure 2 Life cycle energy distribution, adapted from [35] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-bim-related-articles-per-field-of-2xcg83fx.png Figure 4 Distribution of BIM related articles per field of study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bim-based-lca-methods-and-key-findings-1a-raw-12yqo3bo.png Table 3 BIM-based LCA methods and key findings (1A: Raw materials and manufacturing, B: Construction, C: Use, D: Maintenance, E: Demolition) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trade-off-between-minimum-structural-capital-cost-29fex2zg.png Figure 5 Trade-off between minimum structural capital cost and minimum life cycle energy costs, adapted from [126] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mapping-of-sustainable-domain-against-structural-143m2aub.png Figure 6 Mapping of sustainable domain against structural domain https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-traditional-lca-applications-in-building-38qano1a.png Table 1 Analysis of traditional LCA applications in building structures https://scispace.com/papers/life-history-traits-of-the-giant-squid-architeuthis-dux-r9y955jzld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-architeuthis-specimens-analyzed-in-this-study-s-no-3uhlxzv4.png Table 1. Architeuthis specimens analyzed in this study. S. No: specimen number at Ecobiomar Research Group’s Archive (Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Vigo) ML: mantle length (cm); BW: body weight (Kg); S: sex; F: female; MS: Maturity Stage; Ma: Maturing; Im: Immature; UHL (mm): Upper Hood Length. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gam-results-for-carbon-isotope-ratios-in-the-hood-n-393ppxfz.png Table 3. GAM results for carbon isotope ratios in the hood (N=159). The explanatory variables were animal number (using animal 1427 as the reference animal) and position (nested within animal number). “S(X)” indicates a smoothing function with X degrees of freedom. An AR(2) time series structure was approximated by using the isotope ratios from the previous two positions on the beak as linear predictors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gam-results-for-nitrogen-isotope-ratios-in-the-hood-kx2t3goo.png Table 2. GAM results for nitrogen isotope ratios in the hood (N=163). The explanatory variables were animal number (using animal 1427 as the reference animal) and position (nested within animal number). “S(X)” indicates a smoothing function with X degrees of freedom. An AR(1) time series structure was approximated by using the isotope ratio from the previous position on the beak as a linear predictor. https://scispace.com/papers/life-history-and-ecological-genetics-of-the-colonial-3lx28uohdh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genetic-analysis-of-the-two-alleles-identified-by-1si1nvus.png Table 1 Genetic analysis of the two alleles identified by the electrophoretic mobility of their products (S = slow; F = fast) at each locus of three enzymes in B. schlosseri and linkage relationships between enzyme and pigmentation loci (Sabbadin, 1978; 1982). The observed phenotype ratios in italics mark the presence of linkage relationships. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-allele-frequency-s-slow-f-fast-and-heterozygote-3anq7kcg.png Table 2 Mean allele frequency (S = slow; F = fast) and heterozygote frequency (SF) at two enzyme loci, MDH (malate dehydrogenase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase), from pooled colonies of B. schlosseri at four stations in the Lagoon of Venice representative of two biotopes (Sabbadin, 1978; 1994). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-worldwide-distribution-and-species-richness-of-b-1o5tgkhj.png Figure 1. A. Worldwide distribution and species richness of B. schlosseri. The assumed native areale of the species is https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-polychromatism-in-b-schlosseri-a-d-colonies-in-23gb6h6m.png Figure 3. Polychromatism in B. schlosseri. A-D. Colonies in dorsal view. A, orange morph; B, red morph; C, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-map-of-the-southern-basin-of-the-lagoon-of-venice-1br4zdq2.png Figure 2. A. Map of the southern basin of the Lagoon of Venice showing localities from which samples of B. schlosseri https://scispace.com/papers/lifetime-analysis-of-the-iter-first-wall-and-divertor-plates-33t4tl7uxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temperature-distribution-througn-iter-fw-1lmsx6ob.png Fig. 5. Temperature distribution througn ITER | FW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-effect-of-irradiation-and-erosion-on-surface-1mcunfto.png Fig. 10. Effect of irradiation and erosion on surface temperature of ITER graphite divertor plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-stress-distribution-through-c-cu-divertor-plate-1z763gbd.png Fig. 11. Stress distribution through C/Cu divertor plate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-first-wall-conditions-for-calculations-gs75pgke.png Table 1. First wall conditions for calculations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fatigue-damage-accumulation-in-iter-first-wall-xpalt10v.png Fig. 9. Fatigue damage accumulation in ITER first wall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-initial-stress-distributions-through-yurq1bim.png Fig. 6. Comparison of initial stress distributions through ITER first wall for annealed and cold-worked Type 316 stainless steel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-predicted-change-in-yield-strength-bjdqbfsy.png Fig. 7. Predicted change in yield strength https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-radiation-on-thermal-con-i-ductlvity-of-h-2ubttah0.png Fig. 2. Effect of radiation on thermal con- i ductlvity of H-451 graphite. I https://scispace.com/papers/lifetime-reliability-for-load-sharing-redundant-systems-with-2w4rpz4bk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lifetime-reliability-of-manycore-system-with-6wlq31w7.png TABLE I LIFETIME RELIABILITY OF MANYCORE SYSTEM WITH CONSTANT FAILURE RATE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lifetime-enhancement-of-manycore-system-a-weibull-fyh8p89h.png Fig. 3. Lifetime enhancement of manycore system. (a) Weibull distribution. (b) Linear failure rate distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-component-behavior-of-hybrid-redundant-systems-3-3asbjgd3.png Fig. 1. Component behavior of hybrid redundant systems [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-lifetime-reliability-of-manycore-system-with-non-3jh8s9bm.png TABLE II LIFETIME RELIABILITY OF MANYCORE SYSTEM WITH NON-EXPONENTIAL LIFETIME DISTRIBUTION (WEIBULL) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-in-lifetime-reliability-with-workload-a-32t178qt.png Fig. 4. Variation in lifetime reliability with workload. (a) Weibull distribution. (b) Linear failure rate distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-queueing-model-for-task-allocation-in-a-load-sharing-3820tum5.png Fig. 2. Queueing model for task allocation in a load-sharing system. https://scispace.com/papers/ligaments-of-the-lisfranc-joint-in-mri-3d-space-sampling-447jipd0az 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-signal-characteristics-of-lisfranc-d1pmjs7m.png Table 2 Summary of signal characteristics of Lisfranc ligaments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tarsometatarsal-ligaments-a-diagram-b-example-of-a-36xuhp88.png Fig. 2 Tarsometatarsal ligaments. a Diagram. b Example of a straight-running dorsal (closed arrowhead) and plantar (open arrowhead) TMT ligament of the first TMT with low signal appearance (dTMT dC1-M1; pTMT pC1-M1), sagittal view, between the first cuneiform and the basis of the first metatarsal. c dTMT dC3-M2, transverse view, obliquerunning ligament between the dorsal side of the third cuneiform and the basis of the second metatarsal with muscleisointense appearance. d dTMT dC3-M2, sagittal view, obliquerunning ligament between the dorsal side of the third cuneiform and the basis of the second metatarsal with muscleisointense appearance. In the PD fs sequence, this ligament is not visible because no 3D reconstruction can be performed. e pTMT pC3-M3,4, transverse view, oblique-running ligament between the plantar side of the third cuneiform and the bases of the third and fourth metatarsal with low signal appearance. f pTMT pC3-M3,4, sagittal view, oblique-running ligament between the plantar side of the third cuneiform and the bases of the third and fourth metatarsal with low signal appearance. Note: SPACE sequence is left and PD fs sequence is right in Fig. 2b–f https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intermetatarsal-ligaments-a-diagram-illustrating-the-3nte9lu2.png Fig. 3 Intermetatarsal ligaments. a Diagram illustrating the dorsal (thin blue lines), interosseous (brown lines) and plantar (thick blue lines) intermetatarsal ligaments in a coronal view and the interosseous IMTs also in a transverse view. b Dorsal, interosseous, and plantar IMT, coronal view (SPACE left/PD right). The dorsal IMTs (open arrowheads) have a low signal, the interosseous IMTs (closed arrowheads) a muscleisointense signal and the plantar IMTs (arrows) a low to muscleisointense signal appearance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-patients-with-abnormal-ligaments-ligaments-2y3uhbg2.png Fig. 4 Examples of patients with abnormal ligaments (ligaments with high signal). a Interosseous Lisfranc ligament (iTMT pC1-M2) strain with high signal, transverse view, with adjacent bone bruise. b Interosseous Lisfranc ligament (iTMT pC1-M2) strain with high signal, coronal view, with adjacent bone bruise. c Plantar Lisfranc ligament (pTMT pC1-M2,3) strain with high signal, transverse view. The ligament connects the plantar side of the first cuneiform with the bases of the second and third metatarsals. d Plantar Lisfranc ligament (pTMT pC1-M2,3) strain with high signal, coronal view. The ligament connects the plantar side of the first cuneiform with the bases of the second and third metatarsals. Note: SPACE sequence is left and PD fs sequence is right in Fig. 4a–d https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-mr-protocol-pd-fs-pd-fs-pd-fs-ndf33q1a.png Table 1 Parameters of the MR protocol PD fs PD fs PD fs SPACE Acquisition direction Trans Sag Cor Trans https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lisfranc-ligaments-a-diagram-of-the-dorsal-white-3o7lbuff.png Fig. 1 Lisfranc ligaments. a Diagram of the dorsal (white arrowhead), interosseous (white arrow), and plantar (black arrowhead) Lisfranc ligament connecting the first cuneiform with the basis of the second metatarsal, illustrated on a three-dimensional view (left), on a transverse view (right top), and on a coronal view (right bottom). b Dorsal Lisfranc ligament (dTMT dC1-M2), transverse view, with muscleisointense appearance. c Dorsal Lisfranc ligament (dTMT dC1M2), coronal view, with muscle-isointense appearance. d Interosseous Lisfranc ligament (iTMT pC1-M2), transverse view, with low signal. e Interosseous Lisfranc ligament (iTMT pC1-M2), coronal view, with low signal. f Plantar Lisfranc ligament (pTMT dC1M2,3), transverse view, with striated, muscle-isointense appearance. The ligament connects the plantar side of the first cuneiform with the bases of the second and third metatarsals. g Plantar Lisfranc ligament (pTMT dC1-M2,3), coronal view with striated, muscleisointense appearance. The ligament connects the plantar side of the first cuneiform with the bases of the second and third metatarsals. Note: SPACE sequence is left and PD fs sequence is right in Fig. 1b–g https://scispace.com/papers/light-emitting-diodes-with-31-external-quantum-efficiency-by-3epfhcirur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-intensity-distribution-of-the-two-types-of-nrc-leds-or7xpbhg.png FIG. 4. ~a! Intensity distribution of the two types of NRC-LEDs with mirro ~b! Integrated areal intensity as a function of the radius. The inset show spectrum of both device types.~c! Schematic drawing of the completel textured sample including typical photon trajectories. The scale of this dr ing is identical to the axis scale in~a! and ~b!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ccd-images-of-the-four-types-of-leds-a-planar-device-3vmrdslr.png FIG. 2. CCD images of the four types of LEDs:~a! planar device without back mirror~‘‘conventional LEDs’’!, ~b! planar device with back mirror,~c! NRC-LED textured on top of the mesa with back mirror, and~d! NRC-LED textured everywhere with back mirror. The device currents were 45mA for the flat devices~a! and ~b! and 22mA for the textured devices~c! and ~d!, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-electron-micrograph-sem-photograph-of-the-2t43c38w.png FIG. 1. Scanning electron micrograph~SEM! photograph of the textured surface on and around the mesa after removal of the spheres. The oxi AlGaAs layer is clearly visible. https://scispace.com/papers/light-inducible-recombinases-for-bacterial-optogenetics-39ba5erzak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cre-recombinase-split-sites-used-in-this-study-given-2m653j7b.png Table 1. Cre recombinase split sites used in this study, given as lengths of the nCre fragment (from methionine at position 1 to the split site), the amino acids on either side of the split, and the source of the split. Note that we use truncated Cre from Kawano (2016), which starts at AA 18 of native Cre. https://scispace.com/papers/light-field-image-coding-using-high-order-intrablock-42wnttx1yc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fast-search-method-adopted-for-each-corner-of-the-39kjcj0r.png Fig. 3 – Fast search method adopted for each corner of the prediction block (blue rectangle) used to estimate the HOP model (red quadrilateral). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-the-prediction-block-generated-by-2t8yrvjf.png Fig. 6 - Comparison between the prediction block generated by LOP and HOP stages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-direct-mapping-and-inverse-mapping-when-a-34h076p6.png Fig. 4 - Example of Direct Mapping and Inverse Mapping when a scale GT is applied. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-prediction-mode-usage-across-the-four-qps-1v3ivqfe.png TABLE II AVERAGE PREDICTION MODE USAGE ACROSS THE FOUR QPS, IN PERCENTAGE OF PIXELS, FOR THE HEVC-HOP-P CASE https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-codec-computational-complexity-comparison-32xjynu9.png TABLE IV CODEC COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-bd-psnr-y-and-bd-rate-results-comparing-hevc-hevc-3e18gt0j.png TABLE III BD-PSNR-Y AND BD-RATE RESULTS COMPARING HEVC, HEVC-SS (2 DOF) AND HEVC-HOP-P (8 DOF) USING THE TESTING METHODOLOGY OF [23] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lf-test-images-part-of-the-experimental-test-setup-1f6zwtst.png Fig. 5 - LF test images part of the experimental test setup. First row (from left to right): Plane and Toy (frame 0 and 150), Demichelis Spark (frame 0), Demichelis Cut (frame 0), Laura and Seagull. Second and third rows: sub-set of the LF EPFL dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-possible-gts-applied-to-block-projective-31hh2nme.png Fig. 1 - Examples of possible GTs applied to block 𝐴: Projective (𝐴𝑃 ′ ), Bilinear (𝐴𝐵 ′ ) and Affine (𝐴𝑃 ′ ). https://scispace.com/papers/likelihood-ratio-confidence-bands-in-non-parametric-3gb59o1tt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coverage-probability-and-length-of-simulated-2sm299x8.png Table 1: Coverage probability and length of simulated confidence intervals for S−1(0.5|x) (obtained by selecting the bandwidth that minimizes the coverage error). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-normal-and-likelihood-ratio-confidence-bands-for-8wb1r2pa.png Figure 1: Normal and likelihood ratio confidence bands for the larynx cancer data. The full line is the Beran estimator Ŝ(t |x), while the dashed respectively dotted lines are the upper and lower bound of the normal respectively likelihood ratio confidence band. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bootstrapped-coverage-probabilities-for-the-larynx-3quqk7n6.png Table 4: Bootstrapped coverage probabilities for the larynx cancer data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coverage-probability-and-total-area-of-simulated-qcfrd55k.png Table 3: Coverage probability and total area of simulated confidence bands (obtained by selecting the bandwidth that minimizes the coverage error). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coverage-probability-and-length-of-simulated-3ff28mio.png Table 2: Coverage probability and length of simulated confidence intervals for S−1(0.5|x), when a0 = 1, a1 = 2, b0 = 4, b1 = 5, b2 = 50 and P( = 0|x) = 0.75. The numbers in italic are the ones for which the coverage error is minimal. https://scispace.com/papers/light-scattering-by-an-ensemble-of-interacting-dipolar-2vhh0pphxl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-in-fig-3-but-with-1-88-the-solid-line-represents-26e87mc8.png FIG. 4. As in Fig. 3 but with =−1.88. The solid line represents the result of the Monte Carlo simulation. The dotted lines represent the results of the fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-as-in-fig-3-but-with-1-94-2ok1snmm.png FIG. 5. As in Fig. 3 but with =−1.94. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-mean-scattering-cross-s-section-as-a-2cnippxh.png FIG. 3. Evolution of the mean scattering cross s section as a function of the interparticle distance r / . s is the mean value for 1000 realizations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-as-in-fig-3-but-with-1-98-1i480ip6.png FIG. 6. As in Fig. 3 but with =−1.98. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors-in-the-purely-electric-os1e44nx.png TABLE II. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors in the purely electric case m=0 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-as-in-fig-3-but-with-2-013-2kdoh9pt.png FIG. 7. As in Fig. 3 but with =−2.013. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-dipolar-bisphere-1mueqkkg.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the dipolar bisphere. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors-of-the-matrix-i-k-to-wdhgorv8.png TABLE I. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix I−K . To simplify the notation, the factors A12, B12, and D12 are renamed, respectively, as A, B, and D. https://scispace.com/papers/lime-and-phosphogypsum-impacts-on-soil-organic-matter-pools-3j07ry21u2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probabilities-of-the-calculated-f-value-indicating-m548t8sb.png Table 3 Probabilities of the calculated F-value indicating potential significant differences between treatments (soil amendments) for selected soil chemical properties at 12 years after initial establishment of treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cumulative-carbon-mineralized-at-soil-depths-of-0-0-05-2tb9wkx6.png Fig. 4. Cumulative carbon mineralized at soil depths of 0-0.05 m (A), 0.05-0.10 m (B), and 0.10-0.20 m (C), as a function of surface application of lime and phosphogypsum in a tropical no-tillage system. The vertical bars indicate the least significant difference between treatments within each soil depth at p 0.05. Lime and phosphogypsum applied in 2002, 2004, and 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-root-dry-matter-at-several-depths-for-wheat-a-and-b-2lgrm9i7.png Fig. 1. Root dry matter at several depths for wheat (A and B) and common bean (C and D function of surface application of lime and phosphogypsum in a tropical no-tillage system within each soil depth at p 0.10. Lime and phosphogypsum applied in 2002, 2004, an https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-soil-organic-carbon-in-the-form-humic-acid-a-c-ha-2i05lytn.png Fig. 3. Soil organic carbon in the form humic acid (A; C-HA), fulvic acids (B; C-FA), humin (C; CHumin), C-HA/TOC ratio (D), C-FA/TOC ratio (E), and C-HU/TOC (F) as function of soil depth and surface application of lime and phosphogypsum in a tropical no-tillage system. The horizontal bars indicate the least significant difference between treatments within each soil depth at p 0.05. TOC = Total organic carbon. Lime and phosphogypsum applied in 2002, 2004, and 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crops-grown-and-the-treatment-application-scheme-3mae87st.png Table 1 Crops grown and the treatment application scheme during the experimental period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-soil-particulate-nitrogen-a-soil-total-nitrogen-b-soil-192nphsx.png Fig. 2. Soil particulate nitrogen (A), soil total nitrogen (B), soil particulate organic carbon (C; POC), soil total organic carbon (D; TOC), soil mineral-associated carbon (E), and POC/TOC ratio (F) as a function of soil depth and surface application of lime and phosphogypsum in a tropical no-tillage system. The horizontal bars indicate the least significant difference between treatments within each soil depth at p 0.05. Lime and phosphogypsum applied in 2002, 2004, and 2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-33ddq9hz.png Table 1 Crops grown and the treatment application scheme during the experimental period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-probability-values-p-and-pearson-correlation-llf4e5bz.png Table 4 Probability values (P) and Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between soil organic matter pools and soil chemical properties in soils treated with lime and gypsum applications in an Oxisol under long-term no-tillage experimenty. https://scispace.com/papers/limited-cognitive-ability-and-selective-information-2wlm1b6zuz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-of-the-game-at-any-period-t-t-2e71jxfh.png Figure 1: Timeline of the game at any period t ≤ T . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-alices-processing-strategy-in-period-1-as-a-3de2dsqc.png Figure 4: Alice’s processing strategy in period 1 as a function of λ and q, fixing paL = p = 0.7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-effect-of-l-on-the-first-two-indicators-of-2hbbivti.png Figure 5: The effect of λ on the first two indicators of polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-table-shows-the-final-action-given-s1-s2-and-the-syqfzufr.png Table 3: The table shows the final action given (s1, s2) and the processing decision. The colored boxes highlight the configurations of s2 that induce different actions compared to s1, which corresponds to the subset of realizations of s2 shown in equation (9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-dm-processes-s1-if-its-realization-is-inside-304htpzd.png Figure 2: The DM processes s1 if its realization is inside the shaded region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-probabilities-of-the-tweets-depending-on-the-3dc2z3pt.png Table 1: The probabilities of the tweets depending on the identity of the good candidate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-distribution-of-st-t-1-2-given-the-state-of-the-2veh9deb.png Table 4: The distribution of st, t = 1, 2, given the state of the world. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-voters-belief-given-the-tweet-he-has-processed-3fzmdxtj.png Table 2: The voter’s belief given the tweet he has processed. https://scispace.com/papers/limited-predictability-of-the-future-thermohaline-4jknx6as9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expansion-of-fig-2-to-11-000-yr-spontaneous-shutdowns-2b6ga98p.png FIG. 4. Expansion of Fig. 2 to 11 000 yr. Spontaneous shutdowns of the thermohaline circulation may occur long after the warming has stopped, if the system is close to the instability threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-probability-for-the-thc-being-collapsed-in-year-1000-28ori7h7.png FIG. 6. (a) Probability (%) for the THC being collapsed in year 1000 after the warming vs stochastic forcing and climate sensitivity. Oscillations in the THC strength occur only above a perturbation amplitude of 0.04 Sv, marked by the vertical dashed line. (b) Probability for the THC collapsing between year 1000 and 2000 after the warming. (b) Indicates that there may be a substantial chance for a THC shutdown occurring long after the warming has stopped. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-globally-averaged-surface-air-temperature-and-b-xpj64ub7.png FIG. 1. (a) Globally averaged surface air temperature and (b) Atlantic overturning in a 2 3 CO2 (140 yr) scenario for a weak (dashed) and a strong (solid) global warming ensemble set, plus a control set (dotted). The mean and std dev for 100 ensemble runs are shown. When the ocean–atmosphere system approaches the point of a possible THC collapse (dark shading) during the transient phase, small perturbations can strongly affect the response of the thermohaline circulation, thereby severely limiting the predictability of the future THC evolution. (c) Shows the resulting uncertainty (ensemble std dev) in the projected surface air temperature at 608–658N, relative to 100 control runs without any warming, indicating that the uncertainty in climatic variables associated with the thermohaline circulation may increase by a factor of 5 just by approaching (but not crossing) the critical threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-atlantic-overturning-for-100-caq9s3v9.png FIG. 2. Evolution of the Atlantic overturning for 100 simulations using stochastic forcing (a) DF 5 0.02 Sv and (b) DF 5 0.05 Sv in the critical range for a THC collapse. All ensemble members are plotted as gray lines, and some projections are highlighted in black for clarity. At least in this model, the possible evolutions seem to gather in clusters of reduced active overturning (dashed), collapsed overturning (solid), and resonance-like behavior (dotted). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-fig-2-but-for-an-earlier-model-version-knutti-1z2p806i.png FIG. 3. Same as Fig. 2, but for an earlier model version (Knutti and Stocker 2000). While the three main response types (black lines) are robust, the characteristics of the oscillations are strongly parameter and model dependent. https://scispace.com/papers/limits-on-the-adaptability-of-coastal-marshes-to-rising-sea-2mvaq1ez30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-threshold-rates-of-sea-level-rise-above-1xtqgvpw.png Figure 3. Predicted threshold rates of sea‐level rise, above which marshes are replaced by subtidal environments as the stable ecosystem. Each line represents the mean threshold rate (±1 SE) predicted by 5 models as a function of suspended sediment concentration and spring tidal range. Pink line denotes thresholds for marshes modeled under a 1m tidal range, blue line denotes 3 m tidal range, and green line denotes 5 m tidal range. For reference, we have included examples (denoted with square markers) of marshes worldwide in estuaries with different rates of historical sea‐level rise, sediment concentration, and tidal range. (Abbreviations: PIE = Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts; PAS = Pamlico Sound, North Carolina; BCQ = Bayou Chitique, Louisiana; NIE = North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina; SCH = Scheldte Estuary, Netherlands; PCM= Phillips CreekMarsh, Virginia; OOB = Old Oyster Bayou, Louisiana). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-response-of-a-marsh-elevation-and-b-accretion-rate-323xvp5g.png Figure 2. Response of (a) marsh elevation and (b) accretion rate to a rapid sea‐level acceleration. Heavy blue line denotes sea level at spring high water (Figure 2a) or the sea‐level rise rate (Figure 2b). Elevations reflect the position of the marsh relative to spring high water. In this model experiment, sea level accelerates according to Rahmstorf ’s [2007] maximum scenario. We have extrapolated Rahmstorf ’s scenario from 2100 to 2200 AD using a 3rd degree polynomial fit. Marsh elevations tend to adjust to sea‐level acceleration by becoming deeper relative to sea level, although the dashed black line denotes the lowest elevations at which vegetation can grow. Arrows denote the point in each model at which marsh elevations become too low to support vegetation. In most models, vegetation mortality leads to a decrease in accretion. However, mortality leads to a temporary increase in organic accretion in the Mudd model, and does not affect accretion in the Temmerman model. (Experimental conditions: spring tidal range = 1 m, suspended sediment concentration = 30 mg/L.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-response-of-marsh-elevation-a-and-accretion-rate-b-1ltkqbl9.png Figure 1. Response of marsh elevation (a) and accretion rate (b) to a conservative sea‐level acceleration (IPCC A1B scenario [Bindoff et al., 2007]). Heavy blue line denotes sea level at spring high water (Figure 1a) or the sea‐level rise rate (Figure 1b). Elevations reflect the simulated position of the marsh relative to spring high water. Since each model predicts a slightly different initial elevation relative to sea level, we have normalized each model to a common equilibrium elevation at time zero. Since sea‐level rise rates tend to exceed accretion rates, marsh elevations adjust to sea‐ level acceleration by becoming lower relative to sea level (i.e., more inundated) (Figure 1a), which enhances vertical accretion (Figure 1b). (Experimental conditions: spring tidal range = 1 m, suspended sediment concentration = 30 mg/L.) https://scispace.com/papers/linalool-induced-oxidative-stress-processes-in-the-human-2edus7exi5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intracellular-contents-of-total-ros-o2-peroxides-and-3oxiaal2.png Table 1 Intracellular contents of total ROS, O2●–, peroxides and lipid peroxides in control C. albicans cells, and in cells treated with 0.7 mM or 1.4 mM Lol for one hour https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effects-of-treatment-with-various-concentrations-of-1r330ot8.png Fig. 1. Effects of treatment with various concentrations of Lol on the germ tube formation of C. albicans cells after cultivation for 180 min at 37 °C. ***p < 0.1%. p values were calculated via the Student t-test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plots-of-survival-rates-of-c-albicans-cells-in-the-32yc85uu.png Fig. 2. Plots of survival rates of C. albicans cells in the presence of different concentrations of Lol (■: control, ●: 0.7 mM, ▲: 1.4 mM, ▼: 5.6 mM Lol) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gsh-and-gssg-concentrations-and-specific-activities-31i8f9ii.png Table 2 GSH and GSSG concentrations and specific activities of SODs, CAT, GPx, GR, G6PD and GST in C. albicans control cells and cells treated with 0.7 mM or 1.4 mM Lol for one hour https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-in-vitro-effects-of-lol-and-gsh-on-the-nbt-diformazan-1vrygh16.png Fig. 3. In vitro effects of Lol (■) and GSH (●) on the NBT → diformazan conversion. O2●– was generated via the xanthine–xanthine oxidase reaction and was consumed in the reaction with NBT, in which diformazan was produced. ***p < 0.1%. p values were calculated via the Student t-test https://scispace.com/papers/linac-coherent-light-source-lcls-design-study-report-5d977w7kdo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-4-8-shows-the-transverse-phase-space-with-and-without-1wt2x0ns.png Fig. 7.4-8 shows the transverse phase space, with and without CSR effects, 1 meter downstream of the last BC2 bend. The points on the plot show the centroid position of each of the 301 longitudinal slices. In this calculation, the axial bunch distribution prior to BC2 is gaussian. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-3-1-summarizes-the-four-linacs-and-their-various-2b9e35cr.png Table 7.3-1 summarizes the four linacs and their various beam parameters. The final energy of L3 is also variable from 5 to 17 GeV through appropriate phasing and rf power. The rf phase angles of the various linacs as well as motivations for the length of each linac section are discussed in the section on bunch compression and longitudinal dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-5-1-except-that-for-each-run-a-different-error-is-6kaxohlf.png Table 8.5-1 except that for each run a different error is doubled. The first row summarizes the simulation shown in detail above, and every following row represents a new simulation where the noted error has been doubled with respect to Table 8.3-1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-4-5-shows-selected-physical-constants-63-and-ea-for-1f1k7x7z.png Table 10.4-5 shows selected physical constants [63] and ηA for various crystal plane orientations for Be, C, and Si. The lower absorptivities of the lower-Z materials result in substantially lower energy loading, in fact down to levels comparable to those that were presumed marginal for the mirror materials in Section 10.4-5. On the other hand, even at 1.5 Å, it is evident that carbon (i.e., diamond), ostensibly the material of choice, is beginning https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-2-9-when-corrected-for-the-bin-size-effect-the-kuru77ay.png Fig. 13.2-9. When corrected for the bin size effect, the largest dose deposited in the undulator is 6.2 x 10-9 and 6.2 x 10-11 Gy per incident electron for the one and two collimator simulations, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-3-2-13dsr1b0.png Fig. 11.3-2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-3-lists-four-options-for-the-basic-laser-system-s0qqu3tx.png Table 6.1-3 lists four options for the basic laser system that have been considered. The rationale behind these options can be found using the data of Table 6.1-4. Neither Nd:YAG nor Nd:YLF laser systems are suitable as oscillators for the sort of shaped pulses that are desired, since a medium with a bandwidth that can support rise times below 1 ps is required. On the other hand, Nd:glass can support the rise time and so provide a suitable oscillator, but it does not support the 120 Hz repetition rate needed for the amplifier. To achieve both short pulses and a high repetition rate, Option 1 turns to a Ti:sapphire amplifier coupled to a 1.05 µm Nd:glass oscillator. However, this wavelength is on the edge of the Ti:sapphire band which results in inefficient amplification. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-1-shows-the-simulation-results-obtained-with-the-2t9t5yha.png Figure 5.6-1 shows the simulation results obtained with the time-dependent computer code GINGER. Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission [12,13] relies on longitudinal electron density fluctuations (shot-noise bunching). Regions where the initial bunching is larger produce more radiation, thus accelerating the lasing process. Due to slippage during the transport through the undulator, those regions will expand to build spikes on the scale of urGc LL λλππ /42 = [14]. The time-dependent simulations clearly show this phenomenon. For the LCLS, the spike structure length is of the order of 0.3 µm at 1.5 Å wavelength and 5 µm at 15 Å. https://scispace.com/papers/line-coupling-effects-in-the-isotropic-raman-spectra-of-n2-a-yae7vvih1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-j-2-s-j1-j2-j-1-j-2-t-in-10-3-cm-1-atm-1-as-function-216rs72t.png FIG. 1. ∑ j ′2 σ ( j1, j2 → j ′1, j ′2; T ) (in 10−3 cm−1 atm−1) as function of j2: (a) for j1 = 4 ; j′1 = 6 and (b) for j1 = 14 ; j′1 = 16. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-convergence-of-the-sum-s-j1-j-1-t-j2max-j2-0-1l0n06ee.png FIG. 2. Convergence of the sum σ ( j1 → j ′1; T ) = j2max∑ j2=0 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-one-body-rate-constants-for-j1-j1-transitions-at-1fdaa3cr.png TABLE II. One body rate constants for j1 → j′1 transitions at 298 K, in 10−3 cm−1 atm−1, calculated from Eq. (2). Column labeled CC/CS: sum of the available CC/CS two body rates. Column labeled Equivalent ECS: sum of the same two body rates but obtained from the ECS scaling relation (Eq. (9)). Column labeled ECS complement: sum of the two body rates missing in the CC/CS calculation and calculated from the ECS scaling relation. Final result corresponds to column (2) + column (4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-cc-cs-relaxation-matrix-w-for-n2-n2-at-298-k-the-wj-4fllxpp5.png TABLE IV. CC/CS relaxation matrix W for N2-N2 at 298 K (The Wj ′,j elements are expressed in 10−3 cm−1 atm−1). Diagonal elements have been reported in Ref. 9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-one-body-rate-constants-for-j1-j1-transitions-at-10ho0a8y.png TABLE III. One body rate constants for j1 → j′1 transitions at 298 K, in μs−1 Torr−1. Comparison of our CC/CS results, completed by ECS corrections, with the experimental data of Sitz and Farrow.19 https://scispace.com/papers/linear-approximation-to-optimal-control-allocation-for-3pzkasj7t0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ellipsoidal-approximation-of-ph-3-axis-figure-9-3fkzkvwn.png Figure 8. Ellipsoidal Approximation of Φ? (3-axis) Figure 9. Ellipsoidal Approximation of Φ? (pitch-roll axes) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-symmetric-actuation-gemini-titan-launch-vehicle-1qa0e1f4.png Figure 1. Symmetric actuation; Gemini-Titan launch vehicle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-asymmetric-actuation-space-shuttle-launch-vehicle-230y4cik.png Figure 2. Asymmetric actuation; Space Shuttle launch vehicle https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-vehicle-parameters-2ndhbapc.png Table 1. Example vehicle parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-approximation-correlation-to-numerically-derived-1jnmvf6i.png Figure 10. Approximation Correlation to Numerically-Derived Volume https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ellipsoidal-approximation-of-ph-3-axis-figure-6-3gchjwro.png Figure 5. Ellipsoidal approximation of Φ (3-axis) Figure 6. Ellipsoidal approximation of Φ (pitch-roll axes) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nozzle-and-constraint-geometry-159bebdk.png Figure 3. Nozzle and constraint geometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-topology-of-constraints-under-a-particular-inverse-749pskav.png Figure 7. Topology of constraints under a particular inverse https://scispace.com/papers/linear-array-of-complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor-hw3da0fzew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-atomic-force-micrographs-of-test-metallizations-3fcy4r9o.png Fig. 6 Atomic force micrographs of test metallizations sputter·deposited in two subsequent passes or 0.3· and 0.6·µm thickness at room temperature. The film surface as deposited (a) differs only slightly from the surlace after the passivation lithography and postprocessing sequence (b). https://scispace.com/papers/linear-state-representations-for-identification-of-bilinear-gsiu0v9nml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-output-from-actual-and-identified-3c6c3vkk.png Figure 3: Comparison of output from actual and identified system III. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-svd-of-step-4-of-the-is-algorithm-to-find-a-minimum-1yngaa14.png Figure 2: SVD of step 4 of the IS algorithm (to find a minimum basis for the intersection subspace). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-svd-of-step-2-of-the-is-algorithm-to-find-the-1csw0bqu.png Figure 1: SVD of step 2 of the IS algorithm (to find the intersection of superspaces Za and Zb). https://scispace.com/papers/linear-magnetoresistance-in-compensated-graphene-bilayer-269dqyssl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-magnetoresistance-of-the-wide-section-of-the-sample-1j97hi8m.png FIG. 4. (a) Magnetoresistance of the wide section of the sample at T = 150 K and Vg = 1 V, closest to the charge neutrality point. The solid (green) line represents the experimental data; the dashed (blue) line represents the theoretical fit using the semiclassical description adapted from Ref. [29] [see Eqs. (1)], with the parameters given in Table I. (b) Hall resistance of the wide section of the sample at T = 150 K and Vg = 1 V. The solid (green) line represents the experimental data; the dashed (blue) line represents a consistency check for the theory (1) where the carrier density was obtained from the experimental values of Rxy/Rxx(B); the brown curve shows the theoretical fit where the carrier density was recalculated from the observed dependence of the maximum resistance (i.e., CNP) on the magnetic field (see Figs. 1 and 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-magnetoresistance-of-the-thin-section-of-the-sample-at-7d1x8gbb.png FIG. 3. Magnetoresistance of the thin section of the sample at (a) 25, (b) 50, (c) 100, and (d) 150 K for several gate voltages indicated on the plot. The green dashed lines are linear guides to the eyes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-gate-voltage-dependence-of-the-resistivity-2reg2qsx.png FIG. 1. (a) The gate voltage dependence of the resistivity measured at B = 0 T and T = 25 K for the three sections of the device. (b) The AFM image of the sample (gray) with contacts (yellow). The sample contains three Hall bar sections 2, 0.95, and 0.5 μm wide (left to right). (c) Charge density extracted from the period of the SdH oscillations (blue “+”), from the Hall effect (red “×”) and from the capacity model (green “©”). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-plot-of-rxx-in-the-wide-sample-at-t-1-5-k-as-a-n8ca25v2.png FIG. 2. Color plot of Rxx in the wide sample at T = 1.5 K as a function of magnetic field and gate voltage (a). The fanlike peak structure clearly demonstrates the Landau levels. The central peak shows the shift of the charge neutrality point with magnetic field (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-magnetoresistance-of-the-narrow-top-curves-and-14vbs6o8.png FIG. 5. (a) Magnetoresistance of the narrow (top curves) and medium (bottom curves) sections of the sample at 150 K and the gate voltage closest to the charge neutrality point (Vg = 8.2 V and Vg = 3.4 V, respectively). The solid (green) lines represent the experimental data; the dashed (blue) lines represent the theoretical fit using the semiclassical description adapted from Ref. [29] to our sample geometry (see Table I for the complete set of parameters). (b) Magnetoresistance of the medium section of the sample at 150 K for several values of the gate voltage showing the onset of saturation as the system is tuned away from charge neutrality. https://scispace.com/papers/linear-instability-driven-by-an-electric-field-in-two-layer-4iu5epztd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-energy-budgets-for-the-points-labelled-and-in-fig-4-3tgx5vnq.png Table 4 Energy ‘‘budgets" for the points labelled 𝐼 , 𝐽 , 𝐾 and 𝐿 in Fig. 4(c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-energy-budgets-for-the-points-labelled-and-in-fig-4-1dlr3pka.png Table 2 Energy ‘‘budgets" for the points labelled 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 in Fig. 4(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-the-electric-weber-number-0-on-the-3spqxlaw.png Fig. 4. Effect of the electric Weber number, 𝐸0, on the dispersion curve (𝜔𝑖 versus 𝛼) for 𝐵𝑛 = 5 and 𝑛 = 1. (a) ℎ = 0.3 and (b) ℎ = 0.5 for 𝜖𝑟 = 10 and 𝜎𝑟 = 2; (c) ℎ = 0.3 for 𝜖𝑟 = 2 and 𝜎 = 5. The rest of the parameters considered are 𝑅𝑒 = 10, 𝑚 = 10 and 𝛤 = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-energy-budgets-for-the-points-labelled-and-in-fig-4-1n3qljpa.png Table 3 Energy ‘‘budgets" for the points labelled 𝐸, 𝐹 , 𝐺 and 𝐻 in Fig. 4(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-schematic-diagram-of-the-flow-configuration-26ciy231.png Fig. 1. The schematic diagram of the flow configuration considered. Fluid 1 is a non-Newtonian fluid characterised by a Herschel–Bulkley model, whereas Fluid 2 is a Newtonian fluid. The height of the channel is 𝐻 and the fluids are separated by a sharp interface at 𝑦 = ℎ0. The wall at 𝑦 = 0 is grounded and an electric field of potential 𝜙0 is applied between the walls in 𝑦 direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-the-streamfunction-2p8hbwpx.png Fig. 5. The real and imaginary parts of the streamfunction eigenfunctions (𝜓1 , 𝜓2). (a,b) for points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 in Fig. 4(a) (ℎ0 = 0.3) and (c,d) for points 𝐸, 𝐹 , 𝐺 and 𝐻 in Fig. 4(b) (ℎ0 = 0.5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-effect-of-a-the-electric-permittivity-ratio-for-5-1cpfqxyl.png Fig. 6. The effect of (a) the electric permittivity ratio, 𝜖𝑟 for 𝜎𝑟 = 5.0 and (b) the electrical conductivity ratio, 𝜎𝑟 for 𝜖𝑟 = 2.0 on the dispersion curves. The rest of the parameters sed are ℎ0 = 0.5, 𝐵𝑛 = 5, 𝐸0 = 1, 𝑅𝑒 = 10, 𝑚 = 10 and 𝛤 = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-critical-value-of-the-bingham-number-for-b7lazb48.png Table 1 The critical value of the Bingham number for different values of the flow index (𝑛). The rest of the parameters are 𝑚 = 10 and ℎ0 = 0.5. https://scispace.com/papers/linking-speaking-and-looking-behavior-patterns-with-group-3qgj6ejh47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-visual-targets-and-group-looking-cues-1er3si4k.png Figure 4: Visual targets and group looking cues https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-between-group-cues-and-questionnaire-27g4af3o.png Table 1: Correlation between group cues and questionnaire variables (∗∗: p < 0.01, ∗: p < 0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-between-the-group-participation-topics-8f3diuoc.png Table 2: Correlation between the group participation topics and perceived questionnaire variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-documents-of-four-topics-using-group-1ijadkrk.png Figure 5: Top documents of four topics using group participation cues https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-our-approach-mining-and-validating-group-speaking-26tgxzpq.png Figure 1: Our approach: Mining and validating group speaking and gaze patterns by defining a bag of nonverbal patterns and employing a topic model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-between-the-speaking-distribution-topics-drx59fxi.png Table 4: Correlation between the speaking distribution topics and perceived questionnaire variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-documents-group-looking-cues-1ph1l685.png Figure 8: Top documents - group looking cues https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-between-the-silence-and-overlap-topics-2pohpzex.png Table 3: Correlation between the silence and overlap topics and perceived questionnaire variables https://scispace.com/papers/linking-the-family-context-of-migration-during-childhood-to-2yhuqs3y5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-migrant-youth-uk-and-france-1t5orqjq.png Table 1: Characteristics of migrant youth, UK and France https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-models-for-self-rated-health-and-level-of-18np3e0u.png Table 5: Regression models for self-rated health and level of conflict with parents amongst migrant youth, France https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-models-for-self-rated-health-and-ghq-12-gcyuvtb1.png Table 4: Regression models for self-rated health and GHQ-12 score amongst migrant youth, UK https://scispace.com/papers/lipid-protein-interactions-probed-by-electron-507nuisgsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lipid-protein-interactions-can-influence-the-92uyhgpm.png Figure 4. Lipid-protein interactions can influence the quaternary assembly of membrane proteins. Two examples are presented, secY [24] (top) and NhaA [25] (bottom). (A) and (C) In both cases the membrane proteins crystallized as monomers in 3D crystals used for X-ray crystallography. (B) and (D) 2D crystals used for electron crystallography contained dimeric secY and NhaA, respectively [18,19•]. In the case of secY, there is evidence that protein translocation is mediated by the secY multimers although each monomer forms a channel [26]. The atomic resolution X-ray structures of secY and NhaA were combined with density maps obtained by electron crystallography to model the pseudo-atomic structures of these transporters in their membrane-embedded dimeric forms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lipid-stability-in-2d-crystals-of-br-and-aqp0-qdfskmm0.png Figure 3. Lipid stability in 2D crystals of bR and AQP0. Ribbon representation of (A) bR and (B) AQP0 with associated lipids (surface representation) and colored by average crystallographic B-factor values (blue – low and red – high). The crystallographic B-factor is a term that reflects the statistical disorder (or dynamics) of a structural model. (A) Lipids are generally more dynamic then the protein [17••] while the dynamics of the specifically bound PM lipids at the 3-fold axis of bR are restricted by the surrounding protein. (B) Bulk lipids show the highest disorder in the AQP0 2D crystals because they make no direct contact with the protein. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-non-specific-lipid-protein-interactions-in-the-aqp0-112r9uk7.png Figure 2. Non-specific lipid-protein interactions in the AQP0 structure. (A) Square lattice in the 2D crystals of AQP0 [4••]. AQP0 is colored in grey and synthetic DMPC lipids in blue surface representation. (B) Each AQP0 tetramer is surrounded by a lipid annulus composed of 28 DMPC lipids. 8 additional bulk lipids are found at the tetramer interface, colored dark blue in (A). (C) Zoom view of protein-lipid-protein interactions that mediate crystal packing. AQP0 displayed with electrostatic surface representation (colored grey – neutral, blue – positive and red – negative) and lipids shown as ball and stick and colored by heteroatom. (D) Extensive lipid-protein interactions in the AQP0 2D crystals involve van der Waals interactions with the AQP0 hydrophobic belt and a network of charge complementation between lipid and protein. https://scispace.com/papers/lipopolysaccharide-simulations-are-sensitive-to-phosphate-205lkdqlv4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-s-enterica-lps-rc-core-the-re-a53msfd0.png Figure 2: Schematic of the S. enterica LPS Rc core. The Re chemotype contains only the two KDO sugars. Abbreviations: KDO, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid; Hep, heptose; Glc, glucose; EtN, ethanolamine; P, phosphate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-cation-inclusion-on-lps-area-top-per-1gs56n5f.png Figure 6: Effect of cation inclusion on LPS area (top), per-leaflet hydrophobic thickness (middle), and inter-lipid A hydrogen bonding (bottom). Systems with –PO−4 are shown on the left, while systems with –PO2−4 are on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermodynamic-cycle-utilized-in-the-alchemical-2nptbc42.png Figure 4: Thermodynamic cycle utilized in the alchemical simulations. ∆Gwat and ∆Gbil are calculated as the sum of the individual deprotonation steps shown in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-lps-used-in-this-study-a-structure-of-20nmwvxq.png Figure 1: Structure of LPS used in this study. (A) Structure of unmodified lipid A. (B) Modification by the PhoPQ regulatory system results in three key additions to the lipid A structure, shown in red. Throughout the text, we refer to LPS containing these lipid A modifications as mLPS to distinguish it from the unmodified chemotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lipid-a-phosphate-pka-shifts-and-theoretical-values-27vrvyqm.png Table 2: Lipid A phosphate pKa shifts and theoretical values in the bilayer, as determined by free energy simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-lipid-a-phosphate-charge-on-lps-area-top-1p48ezfz.png Figure 5: Effect of lipid A phosphate charge on LPS area (top), per-leaflet hydrophobic thickness (middle), and inter-lipid A hydrogen bonding (bottom). Data are shown from the simulations with Ca2+. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-enumeration-of-the-different-system-options-used-for-3fj189hs.png Table 1: Enumeration of the different system options used for cMD simulations. * Refer to Figures 1 and 2 for chemotype depictions. † Default CHARMM parameters of Beglov and Roux.38 ‡ NBFIX calcium parameters of Roux and Rong as reported by Kim et al.34 ◦ CUFIX parameters of Yoo and Aksimentiev.39 The exact Lennard-Jones parameters used are given in Table S6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-31p-nmr-ph-titration-of-lps-a-31p-mas-spectra-of-30f72wh7.png Figure 9: 31P NMR pH titration of LPS. (A) 31P MAS spectra of LPS as a function of pH. Spectra of samples at five pH values are overlaid. (B) 31P peak position (in ppm) plotted as a function of sample pH. The two shaded regions indicate the putative approximate values for pK1 and pK2. https://scispace.com/papers/lippmann-schwinger-integral-equation-approach-to-the-4zxz58xgaw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-amplitude-of-electric-field-in-thez-y-plane-generated-uor3dpo0.png FIG. 8. Amplitude of electric field in thez-y plane generated by an electric dipole in the center of a cylindrically symmetric diele tric disk with height 150 nm, radius 800 nm, and refractive ind 3.6. The axis of cylindrical symmetry for the disk is thez axis. The emission wavelength is 1000 nm, and the dipole is oriented al the x axis. Linear scaling has been used for the contour plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-far-field-angular-emission-patterns-from-a-dipole-sou-3losth4n.png FIG. 7. Far-field angular emission patterns from a dipole sou in the center of a cylindrically symmetric dielectric disk with heig 150 nm, and refractive index 3.6. The axis of cylindrical symme for the structure is thez axis. The dipole is oriented along thex axis. The emission pattern is shown for the disk radiir 5650 nm, 720 nm, 800 nm, and 894 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-emission-rate-from-a-dipole-source-located-in-the-ce-2lid6cup.png FIG. 4. Emission rate from a dipole source located in the ce of a dielectric disk. The disk is placed in free space. The refrac index of the disk is 3.6, and the height is 150 nm. The emiss wavelength is 1000 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amplitude-of-the-electric-field-20-nm-below-a-dielectr-2hhkk77t.png FIG. 3. Amplitude of the electric field 20 nm below a dielectr ring along thex axis andy axis. The ring is illuminated by a plan wave with unity electric field amplitude propagating along thez axis. The ring has outer diameter 100 nm, inner diameter 70 and height 15 nm. The refractive index of the ring placed in f space is 3.6. The ring boundaries along thex axis andy axis are indicated with vertical dotted lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contour-plot-linear-scaling-of-the-amplitude-of-the-1p7pdg3w.png FIG. 2. Contour plot~linear scaling! of the amplitude of the electric field 20 nm below a dielectric ring normalized to the a plitude of the incident plane wave. The dielectric ring has ou diameter 100 nm, inner diameter 70 nm, and height 15 nm. refractive index of the ring placed in free space is 3.6. https://scispace.com/papers/liquefaction-and-related-ground-failure-from-july-2019-x1k6hqmhbj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-damage-proxy-map-produced-following-the-m7-1-event-1726386a.png Figure 10. Damage proxy map produced following the M7.1 event, route of the November 921 2019 reconnaissance mission, geotagged photo locations, and reconnaissance findings. 922 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-usgs-liquefaction-hazard-map-produced-following-2dnfnkhd.png Figure 11. USGS liquefaction hazard map produced following the M7.1 event, route of 924 the November 2019 reconnaissance mission, geotagged photo locations, and 925 reconnaissance findings. 926 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-the-northwestern-portion-of-searles-valley-3notyp17.png Figure 3. Map of the northwestern portion of Searles Valley showing the general geologic 883 material underlying the towns of Trona and Argus. The estimated extent of the dry Searles 884 Lake is also depicted. 885 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-narrow-liquefaction-ejecta-zone-located-in-the-22rbzgxi.png Figure 12. (a) Narrow liquefaction ejecta zone located in the central portion of the 929 northeast edge of Searles Lake (35.72701°, -117.27801°), (b-f) fissures, sand boils with 930 sand, gravel, and brine-evaporite ejecta observed towards the southwestern edge of the 931 lake (35.694858°, -117.339622°; 35.6955°, -117.34235°; 35.695913°, -117.34113°; 932 35.695208°, -117.340462°; 35.695217°, -117.341072°). 933 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cumulative-crack-width-along-transects-in-trona-and-3rtp1w9u.png Figure 7. Cumulative crack width along transects in Trona and Argus. Transection 907 locations are shown in Figures 4 and 7. 908 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-map-of-argus-showing-locations-of-observed-1fi66vxc.png Figure 8. Map of Argus showing locations of observed liquefaction effects and lateral 910 spreading measurement transects overlayed on (a) surface geology map and (b) damage 911 proxy map. Geologic units are labeled following descriptions from Smith (2009). 912 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-map-of-trona-showing-locations-of-observed-31b2cjjb.png Figure 5. Map of Trona showing locations of observed liquefaction effects and lateral 894 spreading measurement transects overlayed on (a) surface geology map and (b) damage 895 proxy map. Geologic units are labeled following descriptions from Smith (2009). 896 https://scispace.com/papers/liquid-crystal-light-deflecting-devices-based-on-nonuniform-1k0jk54jhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-profiles-of-for-phase-gratings-a-square-grating-with-357ucc6t.png FIG. 3. Profiles of for phase gratings: a square grating with period 4d, b square grating with period 8d, c sawtooth grating with period 5d, and d sawtooth grating with period 10d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-vs-the-normalized-coordinate-x-d-near-the-3b64kuol.png FIG. 2. Color online vs the normalized coordinate x /d near the border of two areas with different anchoring energies under different conditions as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-at-different-applied-voltages-relative-to-the-1n3ix8y9.png FIG. 1. at different applied voltages relative to the threshold voltage for rigid boundary coupling Vc. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-switched-gratings-based-on-2xo219ql.png TABLE I. Parameters of the switched gratings based on nonuniform anchoring. https://scispace.com/papers/liquidity-misallocation-in-an-over-the-counter-market-11v0mz1imy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-statics-in-the-numerical-example-yh7mquww.png Table 2: Comparative Statics in the Numerical Example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-values-used-the-numerical-example-3h4w8x0f.png Table 1: Parameter values used the numerical example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-equilibrium-asset-allocation-2bnte3da.png Figure 2: Equilibrium asset allocation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-equilibrium-contract-menus-1ba0zcf3.png Figure 1: Equilibrium contract menus. https://scispace.com/papers/liquidity-coinsurance-moral-hazard-and-financial-contagion-250261u5t7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regional-liquidity-shocks-1v8p1dkz.png Table 1: Regional liquidity shocks https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regional-liquidity-shocks-with-multiple-regions-dwb389or.png Table 2: Regional liquidity shocks with multiple regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-structures-of-the-interbank-deposit-32lptct2.png Figure 1: Different structures of the interbank deposit market. https://scispace.com/papers/listening-to-women-relational-approaches-to-female-offender-89p0dpbd2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-map-of-relational-themes-emerging-from-2qe635j8.png Figure 1: Process map of relational themes emerging from interviews https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sub-themes-derived-from-studies-1-and-2-3hm74po6.png Table 2: Sub-themes derived from Studies 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-2osinmd3.png Table 1: Participant characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/lisboa-lidar-statistical-barnes-objective-analysis-for-3qjh5cxxn1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-satellite-map-of-deployment-of-halo-streamline-xr-4c2e4b45.png Figure 4. Satellite map of deployment of Halo StreamLine XR on 11 October 11 2018. Source: ©Google Maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pareto-front-for-the-design-of-the-optimal-lidar-lmeulzql.png Figure 5. Pareto front for the design of the optimal lidar scan for the reconstruction of the wakes generated by wind turbines B16–B19. The markers highlighted in red correspond to the respective parameters obtained from the actual lidar data after the quality control process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-rotor-averaged-streamwise-mean-velocity-and-qfbmmx04.png Figure 12. Rotor-averaged streamwise mean velocity and turbulence intensity as a function of the downstream distance from the turbine and associated altitude profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-fields-reconstructed-adopting-several-1thw-values-391xelzi.png Figure 13. Fields reconstructed adopting several 1θw values and sampled at x/D ∼ 1.3 downstream of turbines B16, B17, B18, and B19. (a) Mean streamwise velocity and (b) streamwise turbulence intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-ae95-of-mean-velocity-and-turbulence-intensity-for-1z5izn7t.png Figure 21. AE95 of mean velocity and turbulence intensity for F01– F04 as a function of the upstream sampling location of the LiSBOA fields. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-nacelle-transfer-function-for-mean-a-and-standard-1xa7oyxz.png Figure 19. Nacelle transfer function for mean (a) and standard deviation (b) of wind speed. The error bars represent the standard error on the mean with 95 % confidence level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-comparison-between-lisboa-and-scada-wind-5hg2xtot.png Figure 20. Comparison between LiSBOA and SCADA wind statistics for a case with wake interactions. (a) Mean streamwise velocity normalized by free stream velocity. (b) Streamwise turbulence intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-random-data-spacing-1d-for-six-volumetric-scans-2rkuzmcw.png Figure 6. Random data spacing, 1d̃ , for six volumetric scans with different angular resolution and σ = 1/4. Points violating the Petersen– Middleton constraint (1d̃ > 1) are not displayed. https://scispace.com/papers/literature-mapper-a-qgis-plugin-for-georeferencing-citations-3l9yixwv98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-georeferenced-data-loaded-into-the-qgis-canvas-as-w79a0uuw.png Figure 1: Georeferenced data loaded into the QGIS canvas as Temporary Scratch Layers with the Literature Mapper table georeferencing interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-screenshots-of-web-map-as-it-loads-by-default-left-2s4fi7jj.png Figure 4: Screenshots of web map as it loads by default (left) and illustrating the popups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-distribution-of-publications-over-time-2z6xp0cw.png Figure 3: Spatial distribution of publications over time along the California coastline and offshore islands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dot-histogram-of-study-sites-by-latitude-compared-1zcz5kce.png Figure 2: Dot histogram of study sites by latitude, compared with a map of study site locations. https://scispace.com/papers/literature-review-assessment-of-dwpf-melter-and-melter-off-1i7p5k83xm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-cross-sectional-view-of-the-project-1941-melter-24pcou5m.png Figure A-1. Cross-sectional view of the Project 1941 Melter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-cross-sectional-view-of-dwpf-melter-prior-to-8xcfcm6f.png Figure 2-1. Cross-sectional view of DWPF Melter (prior to addition of bubblers).10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-cross-sectional-view-of-the-idms-2ijjdrjh.png Figure A-4. Cross-sectional view of the IDMS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-off-gas-system-components-materials-of-2d8t7k8h.png Table 2-4. Off-gas system components, materials of construction and function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-srs-pilot-scale-melters-monofrax-r-k-3-and-inconel-11srsr8a.png Table 4-1. SRS Pilot Scale Melters – Monofrax® K-3 and Inconel® 690 Wear Rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-3-cross-sectional-view-of-the-scale-glass-melter-2d5ltsq1.png Figure A-3. Cross-sectional view of the Scale Glass Melter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-melter-operation-timeline-at-srs-3gnbx6m8.png Table 2-1. Melter operation timeline at SRS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-composition-of-alloys-used-in-dwpf-off-gas-system-2k3za091.png Table 2-5. Composition of alloys used in DWPF off-gas system. https://scispace.com/papers/live-demonstration-low-power-low-cost-cyber-physical-system-ww5de5m86w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-arduino-based-cyber-physical-system-for-bird-2syxogie.png Fig. 1. Arduino-based cyber-physical system for bird monitoring. https://scispace.com/papers/liver-fibrosis-progression-at-autopsy-in-injecting-drug-4ky5s7u5lh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stages-of-liver-fibrosis-at-autopsy-in-different-33c5i28u.png Figure 3 Stages of liver fibrosis at autopsy in different age groups according to HCV RNA https://scispace.com/figures/table-3b-fibrosis-according-to-inflammatory-activity-and-39nr9v7c.png Table 3b Fibrosis according to inflammatory activity and steatosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-fibrosis-inflammatory-activity-and-steatosis-3gzdhx8p.png Table 3b Fibrosis according to inflammatory activity and steatosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-autopsied-study-group-compared-with-comparison-group-tlfrg2vu.png Table 4. Autopsied study group compared with comparison group without liver tissue available for analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selection-of-patients-for-fibrosis-study-based-on-2vbdrbme.png Figure 1 Selection of patients for fibrosis study based on liver tissue from autopsies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-plot-on-occurrence-at-autopsy-of-2wpxn3eb.png Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier plot on occurrence at autopsy of advanced fibrosis (METAVIR stages F3 or F4) according to HCV RNA. Subjects who at autopsy had METAVIR stages F0-F2 did not match the end point criteria and thus were censored https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cause-or-manner-of-death-according-to-hcv-rna-1plb2l6p.png Table 1 Cause or manner of death according to HCV RNA https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metavir-fibrosis-score-according-to-hcv-rna-and-2gjdeb3e.png Table 2 METAVIR fibrosis score according to HCV RNA and duration of HCV-infection https://scispace.com/papers/livestock-in-china-commodity-specific-total-factor-3iyy48mu21 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-annual-growth-of-beef-total-factor-productivity-and-2cz3e0kc.png Table 5. Annual Growth (%) of Beef Total Factor Productivity and Decomposition into Technical Efficiency (TE) and Technical Change (TC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-sizes-1vq7l7cn.png Table 1. Sample Sizes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annual-growth-of-hog-total-factor-productivity-tfp-1j8z1uzv.png Table 2. Annual Growth (%) of Hog Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Decomposition into Technical Efficiency (TE) and Technical Change (TC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-annual-growth-in-egg-total-factor-productivity-tfp-21zhghy9.png Table 3. Annual Growth (%) in Egg Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Decomposition into Technical Efficiency (TE) and Technical Change (TC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-annual-growth-in-milk-total-factor-productivity-tfp-3nnfa00r.png Table 4. Annual Growth (%) in Milk Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Decomposition into Technical Efficiency (TE) and Technical Change (TC) https://scispace.com/papers/livestock-production-present-situation-and-future-1nilk6rhke 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-livestock-and-poultry-per-species-and-2qj7lduw.png Table 2. Number of livestock and poultry per species and categories in Serbia in 000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-livestock-and-poultry-in-serbia-in-last-12-17qkb7y9.png Table 1. Number of livestock and poultry in Serbia in last 12 years in 000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-production-of-meat-in-serbia-in-000-tons-2oyzvyee.png Table 4. Production of meat in Serbia in 000 tons https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-production-of-milk-eggs-and-wool-in-serbia-2jq7y6ej.png Table 3. Production of milk, eggs and wool in Serbia https://scispace.com/papers/lna-automatic-synthesis-and-characterization-for-accurate-rf-1uxe5qendy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-flow-chart-to-implement-the-design-and-1u522z1u.png Fig. 5. Flow chart to implement the design and characterization method in a C++ environment https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-circuit-parameters-of-the-synthesized-2-4ghz-and-3839hwop.png TABLE I THE CIRCUIT PARAMETERS OF THE SYNTHESIZED 2.4GHZ AND 935MHZ LNAS WITH A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE AUTOMATICALLY CHARACTERIZED AND THE SIMULATED CIRCUIT PERFORMANCE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-perfect-matching-between-simulation-results-and-the-2lhex7pd.png Fig. 6. Perfect matching between simulation results and the automatically characterized SystemC AMS models of the synthesized 2.4GHz LNA (a) Gain (b) Input Impedance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulation-results-of-the-synthesized-2-4ghz-lna-a-s11-1kl8s53v.png Fig. 7. Simulation results of the synthesized 2.4GHz LNA: (a) S11, S21 and (b) IIP3 at f0= 2.4GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-complete-small-signal-mos-transistor-model-12-1vl2odbt.png Fig. 4. The complete small signal MOS transistor model [12] (where: Cm= Cdg-Cgd, Cmb= Cdb-Cbd and Cmx= Cbg-Cgb ), used in the proposed automatic synthesis and characterization procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-variation-of-the-lna-noise-figure-in-function-of-l4jil756.png Fig. 3. The variation of the LNA Noise Figure in function of its biasing current. The Noise Figure is calculated using CAIRO+ and GiNaC for a 130nm CMOS process.(Vds=Vgs=0.6 V) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-targeted-circuit-topology-cascode-lna-with-2y4qiv6n.png Fig. 2. The targeted circuit topology: cascode LNA with inductive source degeneration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-proposed-c-based-environment-for-the-automatic-2gw4q9s8.png Fig. 1. The proposed C++ based environment for the automatic design and characterization of RF transceivers. (Simulation → SystemC AMS, Synthesis → CAIRO+, Characterization → GiNaC) https://scispace.com/papers/lncrna-testis-specific-transcript-y-linked-15-ttty15-4u91defgo2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3qk5c2wf.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ggo8lpea.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-132ily1u.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-1e5byrfl.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-39lekecn.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-correlations-between-ttty15-expression-and-36ha99f1.png Table 2. The correlations between TTTY15 expression and Clinicopathologic factors https://scispace.com/papers/loading-capacities-for-uranium-plutonium-and-neptunium-in-44lzck6p7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-real-waste-supernate-composition-qfid7f73.png Table 2. Real waste supernate composition https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spiked-synthetic-salt-solution-composition-2rjh9n79.png Table 1. Spiked synthetic salt solution composition https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-loading-capacity-summary-for-the-actinides-mi28t306.png Table 3. Loading capacity summary for the actinides https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-overlay-actinide-absorption-plot-at-1dstkhik.png Fig. 1. A typical overlay actinide absorption plot at different liquid-to-solid ratios for nuclear waste sludge solid in a nuclear waste supernate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-typical-plutonium-loading-curve-hematite-in-2oo8smre.png Fig. 7. A typical plutonium loading curve: Hematite in synthetic salt solution spiked with actinides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-typical-neptunium-loading-curve-hematite-in-4i4xh5va.png Fig. 8. A typical neptunium loading curve: Hematite in synthetic salt solution spiked with actinides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-typical-neptunium-loading-curve-nuclear-waste-1e2ppfc2.png Fig. 4. A typical Neptunium loading curve: Nuclear waste storage tank solid material in a nuclear waste supernate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-typical-neptunium-loading-curve-sodium-phosphate-in-yij1ht41.png Fig. 9. A typical neptunium loading curve: Sodium phosphate in synthetic salt solution spiked with actinides. https://scispace.com/papers/local-bankruptcy-and-geographic-contagion-in-the-bank-loan-rd4bh7dz6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contd-1vvlbw60.png Table 1: cont’d https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-contd-2yb8fu55.png Table 12: cont’d https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-contd-khjfkt2e.png Table 5: cont’d https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-contd-3gzd8xxe.png Table 5: cont’d https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-contd-ddgt35bh.png Table 9: cont’d https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bankruptcies-from-1990-to-2013-22bwdbrr.png Figure 1: Bankruptcies from 1990 to 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contd-3l8wazvw.png Table 2: cont’d https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-contd-2fwp2pld.png Table 10: cont’d https://scispace.com/papers/local-adaptive-smoothing-in-kernel-regression-estimation-2geua9gpob 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-regression-estimation-of-ethanol-data-35r0jpva.png Figure 3.3: regression estimation of Ethanol Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-m-x-sin-5px-s-0-3-28niueec.png Figure 6: m(x) = sin(5πx) , σ = 0.3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-m-x-10exp-10x-s-0-2-33x4r5nu.png Figure 7: m(x) = 10exp(−10x), σ = 0.2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-m-x-x-0-5exp-50-x-0-5-2-s-0-3-184v1ahq.png Figure 4: m(x) = x+ 0.5exp{−50(x− 0.5)2}, σ = 0.3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-m-x-sin-5px-s-0-2-331zu94v.png Figure 5: m(x) = sin(5πx) , σ = 0.2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-m-x-1-48x-218x2-315x3-145x4-s-0-3-2l54wftn.png Figure 3.1: m(x) = 1− 48x+ 218x2 − 315x3 + 145x4, σ = 0.3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-m-x-x-0-5exp-50-x-0-5-2-s-0-2-jw97cax7.png Figure 3: m(x) = x+ 0.5exp{−50(x− 0.5)2}, σ = 0.2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-m-x-0-3exp-64-x-0-25-2-0-7exp-256-x-0-75-2-s-0-3-1qt8st6e.png Figure 2: m(x) = 0.3exp{−64(x− 0.25)2}+ 0.7exp{−256(x− 0.75)2)}, σ = 0.3 https://scispace.com/papers/local-conditions-vs-regional-context-variation-in-4663v89ygl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-decomposition-of-overall-beta-diversity-multiple-w7duw4ng.png Table 1. Decomposition of overall beta diversity (multiple-plot dissimilarities based on Sørensen index) in species turnover and nestedness components among the 15 plots at each site and among the 60 plots along the fluvial system. https://scispace.com/papers/local-model-networks-for-modelling-and-predictive-control-of-3wmsr1lcby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-control-of-a-heat-exchanger-with-minimal-costs-ijmhjk3p.png Figure 8 Control of a heat exchanger with minimal costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-nonlinear-input-output-approximation-c-is-252p4wdo.png Figure 1: The nonlinear input/output approximation (c) is obtained by combining three linear models (a) with validity functions (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-local-model-network-structure-20jmfrzm.png Figure 2: Local model network structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scheme-of-a-heat-exchanger-253ots8u.png Figure 3 Scheme of a heat-exchanger https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-system-2evyo9xf.png Table 1 Parameters of the system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-steady-state-characteristics-of-the-heat-exchanger-19iukwqp.png Figure 4. Steady-state characteristics of the heat exchanger https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-measured-output-of-system-green-2nopvd5z.png Figure 5. Comparison of the measured output of system (green) and output of the LMN (red) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-steady-state-characteristics-of-the-lmn-nxdyp7rn.png Figure 6. Steady-state characteristics of the LMN https://scispace.com/papers/local-parameters-of-air-water-two-phase-flow-at-a-vertical-t-3pr0tvjfk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-void-fraction-measurements-at-port-2-20gv3fu1.png Figure 7. Void fraction measurements at Port 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-mean-chord-length-radial-profiles-corresponding-to-1qkewq7o.png Figure 13. Mean chord length radial profiles corresponding to vertical section measurement ports. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-experimental-facility-and-2sxy6m4y.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental facility and a detail of the T-junction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-changes-in-flow-structure-at-t-junction-for-the-32i1ppmj.png Figure 6. Changes in flow structure at T-junction for the test conditions under investigation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mean-chord-length-measurements-at-port-2-cross-3skuz8v3.png Figure 11. Mean chord length measurements at Port 2: cross sectional representation and radial values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-chord-length-pdfs-close-to-upper-pipe-wall-at-port-2oj2ia28.png Figure 12. Chord length PDF’s close to upper pipe wall at Port 2 (left) and confirmation image for measured large bubbles, at X/D=10 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-area-averaged-main-local-flow-parameters-112ew97r.png Table III. Area-averaged main local flow parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-interfacial-velocity-radial-profiles-corresponding-2ksppfwy.png Figure 10. Interfacial velocity radial profiles corresponding to vertical section measurement ports. https://scispace.com/papers/local-structure-study-about-co-in-a-axis-films-of-yba2-cu0-3j0wzrubqv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-comparison-of-the-co-k-edge-data-for-the-a-fig-2-a-9ik0l8mc.png FIG. 1. A comparison of the Co K-edge data for the a- FIG. 2. A comparison of the Co K-edge data for the a- and and c-axis films with P in the a6 plane; a)the quenched +axis c-axis films with P along the c-axis a) the quenched a-axis film, b) the slow cooled a-axis film, and c) the c-axis film. FT film, b) the slow cooled a-axis film, and c) the c-axis film. range is 3.5-11.5 A-I, Gaussian broadened by 0.3 h-I. The Same FT range as for Fig. 1. fast oscillatory curve is the red part of the FT, while the amplitude is ((Re)* + (~m)')"~. https://scispace.com/papers/local-variability-in-the-diet-of-daubenton-s-bat-myotis-555amhip8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-sampling-sites-number-of-the-25htmv4p.png Table 1. Description of the sampling sites. Number of the sampling site refers to numbers in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-frequency-of-prey-items-in-the-diet-of-m-2sl0r0zx.png Table 3. Percentage frequency of prey items in the diet of M. daubentonii sampled at the four different localities. Most dominant prey groups are marked in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-investigation-area-with-lake-gl8iuudg.png Fig. 1. Structure of the investigation area (with lake Westensee in its centre) and its geographical position in the European Lowlands. Numbers of the sampling sites (black squares) refer to the text. Legend: dark grey = water bodies, light grey = forests or forest patches, white = agrarian landscape (meadows or fields). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-investigated-faecal-samples-at-different-sites-2vxbqmjv.png Table 2. Investigated faecal samples at different sites considering sample dates, sexes and sample size. Number of the sampling site refers to numbers in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/localised-streak-solutions-for-a-blasius-boundary-layer-28cwmdz4gs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-first-four-eigenvalues-all-real-obtained-from-10zsi0tt.png Table 1. The first four eigenvalues (all real) obtained from the bi-global computation for domain truncations of the (ζ, η) plane at ζ = η = 40, 60, 80. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-solutions-to-1-9-obtained-by-parabolic-marching-in-2mhv7vpy.png Figure 3. Solutions to (1.9) obtained by parabolic marching in the downstream coordinate x. A localised injection given by (3.3) is imposed with x0 = 3/2, γ = 10, c = 1/10, with κ increasing in the direction of the arrows shown. (a) The centreline shear rescaled such that the undisturbed Blasius base flow has a value of 0.4696 . . . and κ = 1, 2, 4, 8. (b) A global measure of the streak amplitude defined by (3.5) for κ = 2, 4, 8. The line segment shows the predicted decay (xλ1) obtained from the linear (κ≪ 1) eigenvalue analysis of section 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-normalised-experimental-data-points-of-asai-et-al-2991d6ei.png Figure 6. Normalised experimental data (points) of Asai et al. (2002) mapped to the non-dimensional coordinate η. Data points show the (normalised) deviation from a Blasius profile along the streak centreline (z = 0, or equivalently ζ = 0). Squares/circles correspond to data acquired at x∗ = 550mm and 700mm respectively. The solid line is obtained from the least damped (λ1) eigenmode shown in figure 1(a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-first-four-localised-eigenmodes-for-a-blasius-15kqu97d.png Figure 1. The first four localised eigenmodes for a Blasius flow (all real), normalised such that the largest perturbation to u is −1. Contours show the streamwise (streak) velocity component u(η, ζ), whilst the vector field shows the (in-plane) roll velocity components. These modes correspond to (a) λ1, (b) λ2, (c) λ3 and (d) λ4, as given in table 1. A scale for length of the in-plane velocity vectors is noted at the top of each figure via a vector of magnitude 2 (a,b,c) and 5 (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-solution-of-1-9-subject-to-a-perturbation-of-the-1jgm2zik.png Figure 5. A solution of (1.9) subject to a perturbation of the form (3.1) (solid lines), compared to the (dimensional) experimental data (points) of Asai et al. (2002). The parameters in (3.3) are κ = 12, x0 = 10, γ = 10 and c = 1/10; this choice of x0 corresponds to choosing L ∗ = 5cm in the non-dimensionalisation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-comparison-of-the-computed-bi-global-eigenmode-2x6fgvnb.png Figure 2. A comparison of the computed bi-global eigenmode data (points) with the far-field ζ ≫ 1 asymptotic predictions (solid lines). The asymptotic prediction shows the inner solution given by (2.5) for η = O(1), and the outer solution given by (2.9) for η = O(ζ). (a) A (normalised) cross section of the first eigenmode shown in figure 1(a) at ζ = 20. (b) A (normalised) cross section of the third eigenmode shown in 1(c) at ζ = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-measure-of-the-maximum-disturbance-to-the-1catrbme.png Figure 4. A measure of the maximum disturbance to the streamwise velocity as measured by A, defined by (3.5). The flow is perturbed nonlinearly via (3.1) with κ = 8, γ = 10. Four different cases are shown corresponding to (i) x0 = 3/2, c = 1/10, (ii) x0 = 5, c = 1/10, (iii) x0 = 10, c = 1/10 and (iv) x0 = 10, c = 0.5. https://scispace.com/papers/locality-and-topology-aware-intra-node-communication-among-3qbqekofdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-comparison-between-2-generations-of-intel-2unase0s.png Fig. 1. Architecture comparison between 2 generations of Intel multicore CPUs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-run-time-of-the-nas-benchmarks-l6jl1x20.png Table 2. Run time of the NAS benchmarks https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-example-of-rule-discovery-table-22i947bd.png Table 1. An example of rule discovery table https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-on-bandwidth-of-pipeline-fragment-size-tuning-exu160ab.png Fig. 2. Impact on bandwidth of pipeline fragment size tuning according to core distance on the Tigerton machine for MPICH2 and Open MPI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-run-time-of-the-imb-collective-tests-of-the-multi-21nx4jxp.png Fig. 4. Run time of the IMB collective tests of the multi-tuned Open MPI (normalized to the vanilla Open MPI performance, lower is better) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bandwidth-of-the-ping-pong-test-for-vanilla-mpich2-3at0nqmn.png Fig. 3. Bandwidth of the ping-pong test for vanilla MPICH2, vanilla OpenMPI and multi-tuned Open MPI https://scispace.com/papers/locality-sensitive-and-re-use-promoting-personalized-50gkyv1m2k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-impact-of-the-ratio-of-the-boundary-edges-on-the-1dyomce3.png Fig. 16. The impact of the ratio of the boundary edges on the execution time for L-PPR and LR-PPR (Epinions, 3 seeds, with distance∼ 4 hops): the larger the ratio of boundary edges, the higher the execution times for both L-PPR and LR-PPR; but, LR-PPR is less affected from the ratio of the boundary edges than the basic L-PPR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-impact-of-the-boundary-edges-for-the-slashdot-data-1t3ofs1j.png Fig. 17. Impact of the boundary edges for the SlashDot data set (3 seeds): note that in the SlashDot data set, when the seeds are close (a) the boundary edges are relatively fewer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-locality-sensitivity-computation-of-ppr-should-focus-23y3ovt1.png Fig. 2. Locality-sensitivity: Computation of PPR should focus on the neighborhoods (localities) of the seeds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-accounting-for-shared-nodes-in-the-compensation-matrix-3oau2v9q.png Fig. 7. Accounting for shared nodes in the compensation matrix, M0: in this example, half of the transitions are re-routed to the copy of the node (note that, w = 1out(G,v1,k) ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-sets-xizfab3u.png Table 1. Data sets https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-accuracy-results-for-different-algorithms-and-25lp9cbf.png Table 5. Accuracy results for different algorithms and configurations: note that, since computation of the Global PPR (which is the ground truth for accuracy) is not feasible for the very large Live Journal data set, we only include accuracy computations for the other three data sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-accuracies-of-l-ppr-lr-ppr-fastrwr-and-gmres-ppr-2osbdzxo.png Fig. 10. Accuracies of L-PPR, LR-PPR, FastRWR, and GMRES-PPR against the Global PPR for different numbers of target nodes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-re-use-promotion-two-ppr-queries-sharing-a-seed-node-3ns57rlb.png Fig. 3. Re-use promotion: Two PPR queries sharing a seed node (v1) should also share relevant work https://scispace.com/papers/locally-inertial-approximations-of-balance-laws-arising-in-1-aof950sqld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-position-densities-r-in-x-t-plane-0-t-40-for-m2-1-2-lasev4y8.png Fig. 3.1. Position densities ρ in (x, t)-plane, 0 ≤ t ≤ 40 for m2 = 1, 2, 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-numerical-ph-t-10-left-r-right-in-x-t-plane-t-10-37fxgzxe.png Fig. 4.1. Numerical φ(t = 10, ·) (left), ρ (right, in (x, t)-plane, t ≤ 10); initial and final states ρ(t = 10, ·), v(t = 10, ·) (bottom) for a gravitational collapse of random initial data with σ2 = 1 3 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2-numerical-ph-t-10-left-r-right-in-x-t-plane-t-10-2didwcs7.png Fig. 4.2. Numerical φ(t = 10, ·) (left), ρ (right, in (x, t)-plane, t ≤ 10); initial and final states ρ(t = 10, ·), v(t = 10, ·) (bottom) for a random perturbation of Gaussian mass with σ2 = 1 3 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-illustration-of-hydrostatic-solution-for-m-1-5-so-x0-282n92nh.png Fig. 3.2. Illustration of hydrostatic solution for M = 1.5, so x0 = log(5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3-spinors-position-densities-in-x-t-plane-for-2hp0ocke.png Fig. 3.3. Spinor’s position densities in (x, t)-plane for increasing masses m = 0.75, 1.5, 3. https://scispace.com/papers/locational-capacity-credit-evaluation-1furqqyqp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-capacity-credit-evaluation-265pdnuu.png Fig. 3. Capacity credit evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-modeling-framework-3dib8lww.png Fig. 2. Modeling framework. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cc-variation-with-base-case-lolp-2xg1cbos.png Fig. 4. CC variation with base case LOLP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-network-loads-2ksazqon.png TABLE I NETWORK LOADS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cc-recovered-with-injection-at-each-node-v7tquo5v.png Fig. 5. CC recovered with injection at each node. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cc-recovered-at-11-kv-1b5y3p32.png Fig. 8. CC recovered at 11 kV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cc-recovered-at-132-kv-2mob0gq8.png Fig. 6. CC recovered at 132 kV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cc-recovered-with-load-variation-3krea6oq.png Fig. 9. CC recovered with load variation. https://scispace.com/papers/localized-structures-in-dispersive-and-doubly-resonant-1gf6m7n1hr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-phase-diagram-in-the-1-r-parameter-space-for-e2-0-4-ga2zfoc1.png FIG. 9. Phase diagram in the ( 1, ρ )-parameter space for η2 = −0.4. The gray area between SNl1 and SNr1 corresponds to the region where LSs of type I exist. The pitchfork ρa and saddle-node ρt bifurcations of the CW solutions are plotted in black and green solid lines, respectively. The MI is the purple line labeled ρc, and the Maxwell point of the system ρM is the red solid line. The inset shows a close-up of the phase diagram around the cusp bifurcation C. The labels (i) to (ii) and (iii) to (iv) correspond to the LSs shown in the panels below for 1 = −2 and 1 = −6, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-example-of-a-doubly-resonant-dopo-a-ring-xqynp4a4.png FIG. 1. Schematic example of a doubly resonant DOPO. A ring resonator with a χ (2) nonlinearity is driven by a CW field Bin at frequency 2 f0. The quadratic interaction gives rise to a field A centered around frequency f0 that resonates together with a field B centered around frequency 2 f0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-weakly-nonlinear-solution-around-the-pitchfork-2yipnffj.png FIG. 5. Weakly nonlinear solution around the pitchfork bifurcation ρa. Panels (a) and (b) show in blue the real and imaginary profiles of the weakly nonlinear state given by (44) for 1 = −2 and ρ − ρa = 0.01. Red dashed lines represent the numerical solutions of Eq. (12) at the same point. Both lines are indistinguishable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bifurcation-diagram-for-type-ii-lss-at-1-e2-2-0-05-in-1oyx1ecn.png FIG. 8. Bifurcation diagram for type-II LSs at ( 1, η2) = (−2,−0.05). In panel (a) the collapsed snaking in green correspond to the type-I LSs [see profiles (i)–(v)] that has been added for comparison. The diagram in red correspond to the mixed structures shown in panels (vi)–(xiv) that eventually become a type-II LS as the one shown in panel (xv). The inset shows a close-up view of the bottom part of the bifurcation diagram including the stability of the branches, which alternates from unstable to stable between consecutive folds. In panel (b) we have removed the type-I bifurcation diagram and added the purple diagram corresponding to transition shown in panels (xvi)–(xx). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-a-the-phase-diagram-in-the-1-r-parameter-space-8jtv02fn.png FIG. 2. In (a) the phase diagram in the ( 1, ρ )-parameter space showing the principal bifurcation lines of the CW solutions: the pitchfork bifurcation ρa (black line) and the fold or turning line ρt corresponding to SNt (green line). (b) The CW solutions for 1 = −0.5 and (c) those for 1 = −2. The linear stability with respect to homogeneous perturbations is shown using solid (dashed) lines for stable (unstable) states. The different regions are labeled by I–III and their description is given in the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-bifurcation-diagrams-for-lss-of-type-i-at-1-2-and-2bmjk566.png FIG. 6. Bifurcation diagrams for LSs of type I at 1 = −2 and different values of η2. Collapsed snaking [(a) and (d)] for η2 = −0.8, [(b) and (e)] for η2 = −0.2, and [(d) and (f)] corresponding to η2 = −0.05. Panels (d), (e), and (f) are close-up views of the bottom parts of the bifurcation diagrams shown in (a), (b), and (c). Solid (dashed) lines correspond to stable (unstable) solutions. The vertical gray point-dashed line denotes ρM , and red and orange vertical lines in panel (f) refer to Fig. 4(c). The different SNs of the LSs are labeled through SN l,r i , and the red dots correspond to the LSs shown in the subpanels (i)–(xviii), where blue and green solid lines represent U and V , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-panels-a-and-b-show-the-marginal-instability-curve-and-gulevcpc.png FIG. 3. Panels (a) and (b) show the marginal instability curve and the bifurcation diagram associated with the CW solution for ( 1, η2) = (−2,−0.8). Gray area in (a) shows the range of Is where the CW is unstable and correspond to the dashed lines plotted in (b). The CW solution is stable outside this region as shown with solid lines in (a). Panels (c) and (d) show the same type of diagrams but for ( 1, η2) = (−2,−0.05). The MI occurs at the maximum of this curve and is signaled with a blue dot in (d). The vertical gray dashed lines correspond to the Maxwell point ρM of the system for such values of the parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-of-a-and-b-for-two-20m03724.png FIG. 10. Real and imaginary parts of of A and B for two different types of LSs of type I. Panels (i)–(iii) show the signal field A, and panels (ii)–(iv) the correspondent pump field B. Here ( 1, η2) = (−6,−0.4). https://scispace.com/papers/locking-materials-and-the-topology-of-optimal-shapes-58krnx1d86 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optimal-designs-for-some-systems-of-three-forces-3u7od181.png Figure 3. Optimal designs for some systems of three forces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boundary-conditions-for-the-numerical-test-1idaab7z.png Figure 1. Boundary conditions for the numerical test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-difference-between-analytical-and-numerical-db3wokxu.png Figure 2. Difference between analytical and numerical solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-design-for-a-particular-system-of-three-323jzztl.png Figure 4. Optimal design for a particular system of three forces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimal-design-for-the-system-of-three-symmetrical-129uv3qi.png Figure 5. Optimal design for the system of three symmetrical forces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thickness-along-the-axis-of-symmetry-1l6zwnpm.png Figure 6. Thickness along the axis of symmetry. https://scispace.com/papers/log-data-preparation-for-predicting-critical-errors-3agdl22cwb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-a-log-event-dataset-with-timestamp-3ol6rsep.png Table 1: Example of a log event dataset with timestamp https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-f1-score-evolution-wrt-ei-2nmt5wdf.png Fig. 4: F1-score evolution wrt EI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-data-preparation-process-the-bags-of-the-training-set-23dlzn63.png Fig. 3: Data Preparation Process. The bags of the training set are built by sliding windows with the following model parameters: PI = 3;RI = 4;EI = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-key-parameters-of-model-prediction-3u5g0wkb.png Fig. 1: The key parameters of model prediction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-false-positive-false-alarm-ratio-wrt-ei-y9aujlwi.png Fig. 5: False positive (false alarm) ratio wrt EI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bag-summarization-strategy-by-max-function-1pemr7sk.png Fig. 2: Bag summarization strategy by MAX() function https://scispace.com/papers/logical-foundations-of-peer-to-peer-data-integration-4dg9v0e5xu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-algorithms-user-query-handler-and-peerquery-handler-jf12rz5g.png Figure 2: Algorithms user-query-handler and peerquery-handler, executed over a source database D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interactions-between-two-mappings-3ui29g9e.png Figure 1: Interactions between two mappings https://scispace.com/papers/long-axial-imaging-range-using-conventional-swept-source-10cq9ffj0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-ss-oct-instrument-dcs-bc-3l66vwcf.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the SS-OCT instrument: DCs, BC: 50:50 couplers, PC: polarization controllers, I1,2(a,b): optical isolators, SOA1,2: optical amplifiers, AOFS1,2: frequency shifters, MO1-8: microscope objectives, TS: translation stages, L1: lens, BS: beam-splitter, PD1,2: photo-detectors, DA: differential amplifier, SXY: galvo-scanner. The choice of the optical isolators, semiconductor optical amplifiers, optical fiber and optical isolators is dictated by the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-drop-off-vs-opd-for-the-fundamental-10s43aro.png Figure 3. Sensitivity drop-off vs OPD for the fundamental mode (top) and combined situation (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fft-of-the-photo-detected-signal-for-opdr-opd-0-skm1ah8q.png Figure 2. FFT of the photo-detected signal for OPDR = OPD = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/long-lasting-cu-based-oxygen-carrier-material-for-industrial-4cp2deerhf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-operating-conditions-corresponding-to-the-tests-78vz20fy.png Table 2. Main operating conditions corresponding to the tests carried out in the 500 Wth continuous CLC system with the Cu14Al_Commercial oxygen carrier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-tpr-profiles-of-a-fresh-and-b-after-used-particles-of-mx2hsvxi.png Fig. 10. TPR profiles of (a) fresh and (b) after-used particles of the Cu14Al_Commercial and Cu14Al_ICB oxygen carriers tested at 800 °C and 900 ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-attrition-behaviour-of-the-cu14al-commercial-oxygen-201rxzim.png Fig. 4. Attrition behaviour of the Cu14Al_Commercial oxygen carrier tested in the 500 Wth CLC unit. (a) TFR= 800 °C, TAR= 800 °C, (b) TFR= 900 °C, TAR= 900 °C. Cu14Al_ICB oxygen carrier is taken as reference material.22,33 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-particle-size-distribution-psd-of-the-cu14al-3guj77ez.png Fig. 8. Particle size distribution (PSD) of the Cu14Al_Commercial oxygen carrier at different times of operation and testing conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-fresh-and-after-used-particles-of-the-333uh8xl.png Table 1. Properties of fresh and after-used particles of the Cu14Al_Commercial oxygen carrier. Data from fresh particles of the Cu14Al_ICB material are included for comparison purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-500-wth-continuous-clc-system-3298ch59.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the 500 Wth continuous CLC system (ICB-CSIC-g1 facility). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-the-oxygen-carrier-to-fuel-ratio-on-the-2ujvnzqj.png Fig. 3. Effect of the oxygen carrier-to-fuel ratio on the combustion efficiency with the Cu14Al_Commercial oxygen carrier. (a) TFR= 800 °C, TAR= 800 °C, (b) TFR= 900 °C, TAR= 900 °C. Cu14Al_ICB oxygen carrier is taken as reference material.22,33 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-scheme-of-the-clc-process-for-gaseous-fuels-l9a8a1od.png Fig. 1 General scheme of the CLC process for gaseous fuels. https://scispace.com/papers/long-memory-and-asymmetry-for-matrix-exponential-dynamic-4grkgtd2yt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-backtesting-var-thresholds-1koqutiy.png Table 4: Backtesting VaR thresholds https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-returns-1a9n0lk1.png Table 2: Summary statistics for returns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dynamic-correlations-for-fiedcc-and-adcc-models-2obbv68b.png Figure 2: Dynamic correlations for FIEDCC and ADCC models Note: Panel (a) shows the dynamic correlations between APD and EMN, while Panel (b) gives the dynamic correlations between JPM and XOM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-long-memory-parameter-for-the-fiedcc-186zc22p.png Figure 3: Estimated long-memory parameter for the FIEDCC model Note: The figure shows the estimates of dc for each step of the out-of-sample forecasting process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-finite-sample-performance-of-the-ml-estimator-for-3comqlbn.png Table 1: Finite sample performance of the ML estimator for the FIEGARCH-FIEDCC model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ml-estimates-for-dcc-models-52rgwce5.png Table 3: ML estimates for DCC models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-news-impact-curves-from-zit-to-ln-vi-tth1-note-in-2bmkk0ep.png Figure 1: News impact curves from zit to ln vi;tþ1 Note: In each panel, the x-axis indicates zit, while the y-axis measures ln vi;tþ1. https://scispace.com/papers/long-non-crossing-configurations-in-the-plane-3c8z95m9wb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-star-left-and-a-non-crossing-extended-star-right-1gbty8h6.png Figure 1: A star (left) and a non-crossing extended star (right) on a same point set, both centered at the same point p. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-diameter-pair-a-b-at-unit-distance-and-the-three-3qn4j1qc.png Figure 2: A diameter pair a, b at unit distance, and the three vertical strips Va, Vm, and Vb. The two circular arcs γa and γb of unit radius centered at a and b intersect at the point (1/2, √ 3/2). All points of S above ab lie in the region bounded by ab, γa and γb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-non-crossing-alternating-path-obtained-by-the-2wswet6z.png Figure 4: A non-crossing alternating path obtained by the algorithm of Abellanas et al. For the purpose of cycle construction, the path is non-extendible from its 2nd endpoint, vertex 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-non-crossing-structure-ea-for-an-example-with-n-e5tc2fn5.png Figure 3: The non-crossing structure Ea for an example with n = 16 points on the circle. The middle strip Vm is bounded by the two dashed vertical lines. https://scispace.com/papers/long-noncoding-rna-pvt1-promotes-breast-cancer-proliferation-4puzr6sha0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1lqt72dk.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1wpzfiow.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-egs91ib9.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1bsuh44u.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3h3twx5z.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-37rzrk1l.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-31ruua0i.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/long-range-spin-accumulation-from-heat-injection-in-29girg6rqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-schematic-view-of-the-setup-for-1ysff0g4.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Schematic view of the setup for nonlocal conductance measurements. Here we assume that the polarizations of the magnetic contacts are collinear with the magnetic field, Pinj∥Pdet∥B. (b) Schematic illustration of the thermoelectric effect at the interface between the ferromagnetic detector (FD) and the superconductor (S) with Zeeman splitting. The charge transfer is mediated by transitions of spin-down electrons between FD and S. In the presence of a Zeeman splitting in S the energy imbalance mode creates more occupied than empty states in the spin-down subband that in turn enhances the transmission of electrons from the S to the FD side than vice versa. This, in combination with the spin-filter effect at the interface, explains how the energy imbalance in the spinpolarized S is converted into an electric current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-schematic-density-of-states-41o29xrk.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Schematic density of states, illustrating the nonequilibrium population created by current injection from a voltage-biased normal electrode into a superconductor with Zeeman splitting. (b)–(e) Dispersion curves of quasiparticle excitation energies in a superconductor in the presence of Zeeman splitting. The occupation numbers, corresponding to different nonequilibrium modes, are indicated schematically: Small filled circles correspond to the occupied states and large open circles show an equilibrium population. (b) Charge imbalance fT , (c) spin energy imbalance fL3, (d) spin imbalance fT3, and (e) energy imbalance fL. Elastic relaxation processes towards equilibrium are shown by dashed arrows, in (b) charge imbalance relaxation and in (c),(d) spin imbalance relaxation due to the spinorbital and spin-flip impurity scattering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-nonlocal-conductance-as-a-function-of-2l97oxt3.png FIG. 3 (color online). The nonlocal conductance as a function of the injecting voltage, gnlðV injÞ: Comparison between theory (red curves) and experiment (blue curves). Magnetic field in panels (a–f) increases from 0.25T to 1.5T with the step 0.25T. Experimental curves are taken from Fig. 3(a) in Ref. [7]. The parameters of the theoretical model are the same as in the experiment and listed in the text. https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-data-from-the-swiss-pulmonary-hypertension-2is4r09o9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-for-incident-pah-during-2pkkig9e.png Fig. 4. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for incident PAH during different time periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-target-therapy-in-patients-with-pah-psea2dc0.png Table 3. Target therapy in patients with PAH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-of-215-nonoperated-cteph-kl91ttl1.png Fig. 5. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of 215 nonoperated CTEPH patients according to their time of diagnosis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-adult-patients-by-diagnostic-group-uyc094d1.png Table 6. Adult patients by diagnostic group https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-by-diagnosis-for-adult-35f0q6mh.png Fig. 6. Kaplan-Meier survival curves by diagnosis for adult patients with PH by their diagnostic group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-ph-classifications-2xsoff93.png Table 1. Overall PH classifications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-patient-data-set-selection-3pbmuj2k.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of patient data set selection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-patients-with-cteph-1l4fvrta.png Table 4. Patients with CTEPH https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-dynamics-of-leafy-spurge-euphorbia-esula-and-its-1qshd6tdzo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-unstandardized-path-coefficients-1x27jxsv.png Table 4 Parameter estimates (unstandardized path coefficients), their standard errors, and significance levels for model pathways https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-model-results-for-interactions-between-leafy-spurge-20bvyzyi.png Fig. 3. Model results for interactions between leafy spurge and black flea beetles after controlling for effects of site and soil texture. Numbers superimposed on the arrows refer to the standardized path coefficient (see Grace and Bollen, 2005, for further details on interpretation). The model was consistent with the data (v2 = 2.6, df = 1, p = 0.107; note that a p value >0.05 indicates consistency between the model and the data). Variables are as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-general-linear-models-analyses-for-29v94zul.png Table 3 Results of general linear models analyses for differences in soil properties among sites and for differences in leafy spurge density and flea beetle density among years and sites https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-results-for-leafy-spurge-stem-counts-and-102h4wn9.png Fig. 4. Simulated results for leafy spurge stem counts and black flea beetle abundance over time. Values for both leafy spurge and black flea beetles are lntransformed. The y-axis applies to both leafy spurge and flea beetles; values were divided by the maximum value for each so the two lines could be shown on approximately the same scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-abiotic-characteristics-of-study-sites-and-number-of-31j52n56.png Table 1 Abiotic characteristics of study sites and number of flea beetles released prior to the beginning of the study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-model-for-leafy-spurge-flea-beetle-dynamics-1ib29agq.png Fig. 1. Proposed model for leafy spurge–flea beetle dynamics with effects of site and soil texture controlled. Beetlet0 and beetlet1 refer to the number of black flea beetles in years 0 and 1, respectively. Spurget0 and spurget1 refer to the numbers of mature spurge stems in years 0 and 1, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-plots-sampled-and-percentage-of-plots-3jkfw0x1.png Table 2 Number of plots sampled and percentage of plots occupied by black flea beetles and leafy spurge seedlings and/or mature stems, 1998–2006 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trends-in-leafy-spurge-a-mature-vegetative-flowering-b-2bper7sh.png Fig. 2. Trends in leafy spurge (a) mature (vegetative + flowering), (b) flowering, and (c) seedling stems and (d) black and (e) brown flea beetle counts at three sites. Shown are least square means and standard errors of log-transformed values. AW, Arrowwood West; GH, Grasshopper Hills; TE, Tewaukon Hartleben. Note that y-axis varies among plots. https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-outcome-of-pediatric-onset-crohn-s-disease-a-2cjfg175kt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-population-crohns-disease-n-bfh4lj4k.png Table 1. Characteristics of the population (Crohn’s disease, n=535) at diagnosis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-and-multivariable-analysis-of-progression-4f7kaeqx.png Table 2 : Univariate and multivariable analysis of progression to a complicated behaviour in 387 patients B1 at diagnosis https://scispace.com/papers/long-term-no-till-as-a-means-to-maintain-soil-surface-2lfabadu3o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-development-of-corn-in-conventional-tillage-ct-and-no-2juh48iq.png Fig. 6 Development of corn in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) 50 days after 733 planting (a) soil crusting and sediment movement due to irrigation in CT (b) in the long-term 734 tillage experiment (LTE). 735 736 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-analysis-of-variance-p-values-of-sand-free-water-1842vhks.png Table 3. Analysis of variance (P-values) of sand-free water-stable aggregate classes (2-8 and 0.250-2 mm), dry aggregate size distribution (4-8, 2-4, 1-2, 682 0.250-1,0.05-0.250, and <0.05 mm), bulk soil organic C (SOC) and permanganate-oxidizable organic C (POxC) concentration, and aggregate-C as affected by 683 tillage, sampling date and sampling position and their interactions in a long-term (LTE) and short-term (STE) field experiments. 684 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analysis-of-variance-p-values-of-soil-water-2v9pg09d.png Table 2. Analysis of variance (P-values) of soil water infiltration (SWI), penetration resistance 674 (PR), macroporosity (MaP), microporosity (MiP), total porosity (TP), bulk density (BD) and soil 675 respiration CO2 (SR) as affected by tillage, sampling date, sampling position and their 676 interactions in a long-term (LTE) and short-term (STE) field experiments. Soil moisture was 677 included as a co-variable. 678 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-soil-penetration-resistance-pr-dynamics-under-three-6lgxp8wj.png Fig. 2 Soil penetration resistance (PR) dynamics under three tillage treatments (NT, no-tillage; 706 RT, reduced tillage; CT, conventional tillage) within (WR) (a) and between (BR) cornrows (b), in 707 a short-term field experiment (STE). For a given date, different lowercase letters indicate 708 significant differences between tillage treatments at P< 0.05. Arrows represent key dates (H, 709 harvest; I, first irrigation; T, tillage; P, planting). 710 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-daily-air-temperature-continuous-line-and-weekly-28mcg9vg.png Fig. 1 Daily air temperature (continuous line), and weekly rainfall and irrigation (grey and black 701 columns, respectively) during the experimental period. 702 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dry-sieved-aggregate-size-distribution-4-8-2-4-1-2-0-ro4ikv2h.png Fig. 3 Dry-sieved aggregate size distribution (4-8, 2-4, 1-2, 0.250-1, 0.05-0.250 and < 0.05 mm) 713 at 0–5cm soil depth as affected by tillage system (NT, no-tillage; RT, reduced tillage; CT, 714 conventional tillage) and sampling date in a long-term (LTE) and short-term (STE) field 715 experiment. For each experiment, aggregate fraction, and sampling date, different lowercase 716 letters indicate significant differences between tillage treatments at P< 0.05. Arrows represent 717 key dates (H, harvest; I, first irrigation; T, tillage; P, planting). 718 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-characteristics-of-ap-horizon-0-28-cm-at-the-1j808uqv.png Table 1. Soil characteristics of Ap horizon (0-28 cm) at the beginning of the field experiment 669 (1996). 670 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bulk-soil-organic-carbon-soc-and-sand-free-water-10lnrelw.png Fig. 4 Bulk soil organic carbon (SOC) and sand-free water-stable small macroaggregate (0.250-2 720 mm) organic carbon (aggregate-C) concentration at 0-5 cm depth as affected by tillage system 721 (NT, no-tillage; RT, reduced tillage; CT, conventional tillage) in a long-term (LTE) and short-term 722 (STE) field experiments. For each experiment and sampling date, different lowercase letters 723 indicate significant differences between tillage treatments at P< 0.05. Arrows represent key 724 dates (H, harvest; I, first irrigation; T, tillage; P, planting). 725 https://scispace.com/papers/longrun-trends-in-new-zealand-industry-assistance-333d4p4vej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-forecast-nominal-rates-of-assistance-on-outputs-2i3dywl0.png Table 3 Forecast nominal rates of assistance on outputs, manufacturing Trends (and actual standard deviations in brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-manufacturing-tariff-dispersion-and-incidence-2000-32nanlov.png Table 4 Manufacturing Tariff Dispersion and Incidence, 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-concordance-nzsic-nzhs-390k4kle.png Table 6 Concordance NZSIC-NZHS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-unweighted-mean-ad-valorem-tariff-rates-and-standard-1hvczul8.png Table 5 Unweighted Mean Ad Valorem Tariff Rates and Standard Deviations, 2000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nominal-rates-of-assistance-on-outputs-primary-203ce2h7.png Table 2 Nominal rates of assistance on outputs, primary sector Percent https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-part-estimates-of-nominal-rates-of-assistance-on-2w05cp5o.png Table 1 Part estimates of nominal rates of assistance on outputs in manufacturing Means, production weighted (and Standard Deviations in brackets) https://scispace.com/papers/looking-at-my-own-face-visual-processing-strategies-in-1x7yrzdoii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rank-scatterplots-representing-the-negative-iin55b7g.png FIGURE 3 | Rank scatterplots representing the negative association between the AQ scores with the total gaze duration for faces identified as (A) ‘self’ and for faces identified as (B) ‘other.’ The shaded portion represents the 95% confidence region of the slope of the regression line. https://scispace.com/papers/looking-for-the-big-picture-on-a-small-screen-a-note-on-3ds32bot6r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-mkrishi-app-showing-the-predicted-location-of-fish-2hjumm06.png Fig. 2. The mKrishi app showing the predicted location of fish (left) and the forecast for wind speed and direction (right). Screenshots courtesy of TCS, Innovation Lab Mumbai, ICAR, CMFRI Mumbai, and INCOIS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fisheries-landing-center-in-alibaug-village-photos-by-39y4z8bp.png Fig. 1. Fisheries landing center in Alibaug village. Photos by the author. https://scispace.com/papers/longterm-outcome-of-patients-with-primary-antiphospholipid-1svpcoh0em 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-treatment-flow-diagram-a-treatment-at-the-time-of-pnfcskbs.png Figure 1. Treatment flow diagram. (A) Treatment at the time of 75 thrombotic events in 51 patients during followup. (B) Involvement of oral anticoagulant in 84 patients with a thrombotic disease onset. OA: oral anticoagulant; INR: international normalized ratio; LMWH: low molecular weight heparin; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-months-to-first-recurrence-in-patients-with-3oe2qiqd.png Figure 2. Time (months) to first recurrence in patients with previous thrombosis according to the use and non-use of OA (Kaplan-Meier analysis). OA: oral anticoagulants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-serological-characteristics-and-cardiovascular-risk-rbx12gs4.png Table 2. Serological characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors: comparison between diagnosis and end of followup. Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-treatment-at-diagnosis-and-cumulative-use-during-the-32au1584.png Table 3. Treatment at diagnosis and cumulative use during the followup. Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified. https://scispace.com/papers/loose-commitment-in-medium-scale-macroeconomic-models-theory-3tun3u9n20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variance-decomposition-2dvhwh3y.png Figure 6: Variance decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-welfare-265qo2bb.png Figure 1: Welfare https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-responses-to-a-productivity-shock-2h2trfb4.png Figure 4: Impulse responses to a productivity shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impulse-responses-to-a-government-spending-shock-1e620fc9.png Figure 5: Impulse responses to a government spending shock https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interest-rate-regressions-1exn2bzs.png Table 1: Interest rate regressions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-loose-commitment-on-second-moments-2grawwfq.png Table 2: Effects of loose commitment on second moments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-impulse-responses-to-a-wage-markup-shock-1v8vz9z9.png Figure 3: Impulse responses to a wage markup shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-credibility-and-volatility-3rr92p7b.png Figure 2: Credibility and volatility https://scispace.com/papers/loosed-coupled-simulation-of-smart-grid-control-systems-2npqvt4980 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-communication-sequence-between-the-behavioral-2erwkgd9.png Fig. 2. Communication sequence between the behavioral simulator and physical simulator https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-latency-times-during-and-after-the-simulation-2ly16wr3.png TABLE I LATENCY TIMES DURING AND AFTER THE SIMULATION RUNTIME https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-synchronization-structure-adapted-from-18-3um8yww2.png Fig. 1. Synchronization Structure adapted from [18] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulations-schedule-graph-9ahfwb8j.png Fig. 4. Simulations schedule graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-interface-between-behavioral-and-power-3e0t5amv.png Fig. 3. Simulation interface between behavioral and power simulators https://scispace.com/papers/loramoto-a-communication-system-to-provide-safety-awareness-5dji1vclqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-configurable-parameters-in-lora-transmissions-2y1kcibg.png Table 1: Configurable parameters in LoRa transmissions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-deviation-between-real-data-and-simplified-model-1k5zr16n.png Table 2: Deviation between real data and simplified model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-baseline-lorawan-and-loramoto-architecture-results-bdnsk6st.png Table 4: Baseline (LoRaWAN) and LoRaMoto architecture results summary, for both a high (75 GWs) and a low (10 GWs) density of gateways. Numbers correspond to home devices transmitting three packets in all cases, either theirs (left, for the LoRaWAN baseline) or including forwarded messages from neighboring devices (right, LoRaMoto). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-home-devices-are-modeled-in-omnet-with-the-loranode-19i959e7.png Figure 8: Home devices are modeled in OMNeT++ with the LoRaNode compound module from the FLoRa framework (left), which includes several nested modules taking care of the application and the networking layers (center, right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-timing-of-a-user-node-activity-in-the-aftermath-of-1msgup54.png Figure 14: Timing of a user node activity in the aftermath of an earthquake, including ACK downlink messages and packet-forwarding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-percentage-of-user-nodes-transmitting-successfully-2zv3qn6c.png Figure 15: Percentage of user nodes transmitting successfully ≥1 packets to the central application (orange), percentage of user nodes working as forwarders of other nodes’ messages (yellow) and percentage of user nodes that only reach the central application via forwarding (green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-communications-scenario-after-an-earthquake-2o22sjof.png Figure 1: Typical communications scenario after an earthquake. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-high-level-depiction-of-the-baseline-loramoto-3r7hjxtw.png Figure 2: High-level depiction of the baseline LoRaMoto system architecture, matching the LoRaWAN specifications. https://scispace.com/papers/loss-of-nucleoporin-nup50-is-a-risk-factor-for-amyotrophic-4idd783pxt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transcriptome-wide-association-study-of-amyotrophic-1c7362cd.png Figure 3 Transcriptome-wide association study of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (a) Manhattan plot of ALS transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) using gene expression and splicing models from dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Each point represents a single gene tested, with physical position plotted on the x-axis and Z-score of association between gene expression or intronic splicing with PD plotted on the y-axis. Colored (black or blue) points represent significant association to ALS at a suggesting FDR < 0.05. (b-c) Boxplot showing the association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs6006950) that tags the ALS genome-wide association studies (GWAS) risk loci at NUP50 and gene expression level of NUP50 in DLPFC (b) and blood from the GTEx consortium (c). rs6006950 is significantly associated with the expression level of NUP50 in DLPFC, but not in blood. (d) LocusZoom style plot for the region surrounding NUP50 shows colocalization of the DLPFC NUP50 expression quantitative loci (eQTL) (middle panel) and ALS GWAS association signal (top). ALS TWAS signal at the NUP50 locus (gray) and TWAS signal after removing the effect of NUP50 expression (cyan). This analysis shows that the association is largely explained by NUP50 expression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nup50-variants-in-als-a-high-confidence-nup50-1s6h4a4q.png Figure 4: NUP50 variants in ALS (a) High confidence NUP50 variants with a CADD (combined annotation-dependent depletion) score >20 are indicated. Most of these variants are located in or near the importin alpha domain of the NUP50 protein suggesting a role in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. (b-d) NUP50 expression analysis in lymphoblasts from healthy donors and patient 1 carrying the NUP50 frameshift Phe58fs mutation. Western blotting (b,c) shows a significant decrease in NUP50 protein levels (One way ANOVA: F(1,13) = 12.5, p = 0.00365, Control ~ Patient : posthoc Tukey, adjusted-p= **0.00367). However, we observed no significant changes in NUP50 mRNA expression (d, Two-sample t-test t = 0.20955, p = 0.8348). (e) RT-PCR of motor cortex extracts from non-neurological control, 3 ALS cases and patient 2 carrying the near-splice NUP50 mutation c.1086-6C>T shows decreased NUP50 RNA levels. GAPDH is used as a loading control. (f) Immunofluorescence analysis of NUP53 and phospho-TDP-43 in the same cases as in (e). Please note the NUP50 pathology in Patient 2 (arrows). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nup50-nuclear-loss-is-a-unifying-feature-in-cell-orgrdrum.png Figure 5: NUP50 nuclear loss is a unifying feature in cell and animal models of ALS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cell-type-specific-and-molecular-trait-heritability-241v73du.png Figure 1: Cell type specific and molecular trait heritability of ALS (a) Cell-type enrichment analyses indicate neuron-specific enrichment for inhibitory and excitatory neurons. No enrichment was found for microglia or other non-neuronal cell-types, contrasting the pattern observed in Alzheimer’s disease. Larger dots indicate statistically significant enrichment after Bonferroni correction p < 0.05. (b) LD score regression of molecular QTLs shows a significant enrichment in splicing and protein QTLs in ALS. We fit tc by conditioning on a collection of baseline annotations and all molecular QTLs to test the contribution of each individual annotation. Higher dashed lines indicates Bonferroni corrected p-values < 0.05 while lower dashed lines indicates FDR < 0.05. (c) Disease-relevant genes sets analysis shows a significant enrichment of splicing QTLs in genes depleted of protein truncating variant in ALS and FTD-MND but not in other FTD subtypes. Larger dots indicate statistically significant enrichment after Benjamini-Hochberg correction FDR <= 0.05. (d) The per-SNP heritability effect sizes (τ* ) for each RBP target site dysregulation is plotted for ALS GWAS. The dashed line indicates RBP models FDR < 0.05 threshold after multiple hypothesis correction (block jackknife-based one-sided p-values; Benjamini-Hochberg correction). (e) The per-SNP heritability effect sizes (τ* ) for RBPs after conditioning on a collection of molecular QTL annotations (i.e. independent RBP effects from molecular QTLs and baseline annotations). All error bars are 95% CI. ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, FTD = FrontoTemporal Dementia, PD = Parkinson’s disease, AD = Alzheimer’s disease, SCZ= Schizophrenia, DEP = Depression, BIP = Bipolar Disorder, ASD = Autism Spectrum Disorder, PAR = Rheumatoid Arthritis, MS = multiple sclerosis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-knockdown-of-nup50-in-mouse-neuronal-cells-leads-to-xygh4wpx.png Figure 6: knockdown of NUP50 in mouse neuronal cells leads to cell death and ALS-like pathological features (a) Representative images of western blots for NUP50 and different nucleoporins (b) Dot-plots showing a decrease in NUP50 levels (Nested-t-test : t=8,124, df=14, ****p < 0.0001) but not other associated nucleoporins and RanGAP (p > 0.05) after knock-down of the Nup50 mRNA (si-Nup50) compared to the control condition. (c) (d) Representative images and dot plots showing an increase in cytoplasmic inclusions of nucleoporins as stained with mAb414 recognizing the repeated FXFG repeat sequence in nucleoporins in HT22 cell line upon Nup50 knock-down (Nested-t-test : t=6,778, df=16,****p<0.0001). (e) (f) Representative images and dot plots showing an increase in p62 inclusion in HT22 cell line upon Nup50 knock-down (Nested-t-test : t=9,846, df=17,****p<0.0001). Dot-plots showing a significant increase in neuronal death (g) in HT22 cell lines (Nested-t-test : t=3,721, df=24, **p=0.0011) and in mouse primary neurons (h) (Nested-t-test : t=3,18, df=34, **p=0.0031) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-polygenic-risk-score-identifies-molecular-qtls-and-1hxrahhq.png Figure 2: Polygenic risk score identifies molecular QTLs and cell types contributing to the risk of developing ALS. https://scispace.com/papers/lotka-volterra-type-predator-prey-models-comparison-of-3yry294t57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-behaviour-of-equilibria-of-model-2-1-considering-n-4s86yhdt.png Table 3. Behaviour of equilibria of model (2.1) considering ν and r as variation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-transcritical-bifurcation-between-p-ep-hp-3-and-p-2dxvlqp5.png Figure 1. (a) Transcritical bifurcation between P [ep hp] 3 and P [ep hp] 5 . The equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-transcritical-bifurcation-between-p-ep-hp-3-and-p-3v7rt6zn.png Figure 2. (a) Transcritical bifurcation between P [ep hp] 3 and P [ep hp] 4 . The equilibrium https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-behaviour-and-conditions-of-feasibility-and-2wtf5plb.png Table 2. Behaviour and conditions of feasibility and stability of equilibria for model (2.2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-possibilities-of-comparison-between-equilibria-of-1ao0xw51.png Table 5. Possibilities of comparison between equilibria of systems (2.1) and (2.2) that have the same biological behaviour. Notation: u=unstable, s= stable, cs= conditionally stable, uf=unstable if feasible, sf= stable if feasible. Note that the second and third components of system (2.1) correspond to the third and fourth components of system (2.2), respectively, while in this latter system the second component represents the explicit resource that was hidden in the model (2.1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-transcritical-bifurcation-between-p-ep-ep-8-and-p-2jhlgbpe.png Figure 5. (a) Transcritical bifurcation between P [ep ep] 8 and P [ep ep] 6 for the parameter val- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transcritical-bifurcation-between-p-ep-hp-8-and-p-1wmj2ct1.png Figure 4. Transcritical bifurcation between P [ep hp] 8 and P [ep ep] 11 . The equilibrium P [ep hp] 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-common-parameter-values-for-both-a-and-b-are-r-3sf44mr7.png Figure 3. The common parameter values for both (a) and (b) are: r = 1, K = 10, e = 0.75, ν = 0.5, g = 0.937, m = s = b = 0.25, H = 10, κ = 0.187. https://scispace.com/papers/low-complexity-avs-m-using-machine-learning-algorithm-c4-5-4tfdm2osa1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-accuracy-in-mode-prediction-by-c4-5-embodied-in-svel4g5t.png Table 4.1 % accuracy in mode prediction by C4.5 embodied in Weka. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-use-of-multimedia-data-in-different-environments-3t5gu2qe.png Figure 1.1 Use of multimedia data in different environments [26]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-implementing-the-tree-in-avs-m-3idf9bke.png Figure 4.4 Implementing the tree in AVS-M. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-comparison-of-the-encoding-time-between-avs-m-and-14gi1sk2.png Table 4.2 Comparison of the encoding time between AVS-M and the proposed encoder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-typical-tree-41-17q67wbo.png Figure 3.4 Typical tree [41] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-9-block-diagram-of-avs-m-encoder-10-xzht5el0.png Figure 2.9 Block diagram of AVS-M encoder [10] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-10-block-diagram-of-avs-m-decoder-10-1jxa1r9m.png Figure 2.10 Block diagram of AVS-M decoder [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-15-zigzag-scanning-pattern-used-for-quantized-1wrfffh4.png Figure 2.15 Zigzag scanning pattern used for quantized transform coefficients [24] https://scispace.com/papers/low-complexity-blind-phase-search-for-filter-bank-3gp6vvgb8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-calculated-ber-versus-number-of-phase-tests-and-b-8x1k4z2e.png Fig. 3. a) Calculated BER versus number of phase tests and b) calculated BER versus block length for two normalized linewidths of 5 ⋅10−5 and 5 ⋅10−6 . c) BER as a function of SNR for two normalized linewidths of 5 ⋅10−4 and 5 ⋅10−5 . d) BER versus normalized linewidth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-modified-blind-phase-search-m-bps-for-3n9j3c0t.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of modified blind phase search (M-BPS) for OQAM signals. Test phase blocks for b) M-BPS and c) low-complexity LC-BPS without multiplier operator in the cost function calculation. d) Cost functions of M-BPS and LC-BPS for a phase noise value of π / 8 . https://scispace.com/papers/low-complexity-multiuser-scheduling-in-mimo-broadcast-148zqnvtzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-semi-orthogonal-regions-sets-of-codebook-with-a-0-100ffusd.png Fig. 1. The semi-orthogonal regions sets of codebook with α = 0.1 and size 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-complexity-of-codebook-based-user-scheduling-2jxw3xw2.png Fig. 4. The complexity of codebook based user scheduling algorithm and SUS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-throughput-of-codebook-based-user-scheduling-1ckvwni6.png Fig. 3. The throughput of codebook based user scheduling algorithm ,random beamforming and SUS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-number-of-orthogonal-sets-with-different-codebooks-3tes5xvi.png Fig. 2. The number of orthogonal sets with different codebooks. https://scispace.com/papers/low-complexity-iterative-frequency-domain-decision-feedback-2w6zobjy9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ber-performance-comparison-of-the-proposed-low-2ue55gj6.png Fig. 4. BER performance comparison of the proposed low-complexity DFE and the IBDFE benchmark for both the SUI-4 and ITU V-A channels. The preset parameters for the low-complexity DFE are SNRpre = 10 dB and Ps,pre = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-low-complexity-dfe-10hbxv9w.png Fig. 5. BER performance of the proposed low-complexity DFE with different Ps,pre values and given SNRpre = 10 dB for both the SUI-4 and ITU V-A channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-dfe-for-itu-v-a-3eakor7w.png Fig. 3. BER performance of the proposed DFE for ITU V-A channel. The preset parameters are SNRpre = 10 dB and Ps,pre = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-low-complexity-dfe-386icqrz.png Fig. 6. BER performance of the proposed low-complexity DFE with different SNRpre values and given Ps,pre = 0.1 for both the SUI-4 and ITU V-A channels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-low-complexity-dfe-as-xy3ja3zy.png Fig. 7. BER performance of the proposed low-complexity DFE as a function of Ps,pre and SNRpre for both the SUI-4 and ITU V-A channels, given the SNR value of 10 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ber-performance-of-the-proposed-dfe-for-the-sui-4-37jm5uw4.png Fig. 2. BER performance of the proposed DFE for the SUI-4 channel. The preset parameters are SNRpre = 10 dB and Ps,pre = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-of-the-ibdfe-1biblw7y.png Fig. 1. System model of the IBDFE. https://scispace.com/papers/low-cost-injection-molded-nasopharyngeal-swabs-for-o7dz9mfypd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-survey-results-of-clinician-a-and-patient-b-6xtasyoj.png Figure 3. Survey results of clinician (A) and patient (B) preferences across various metrics for GrooveSwabs vs. control swabs showing preference for the GrooveSwab. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-photographs-of-a-injection-molded-swabs-b-swab-head-37nsovcf.png Figure 1. Photographs of A) injection-molded swabs B) swab head showing the stacked ring structure. Fluid dynamics simulation showing C) fluid velocity and D) velocity vectors highlighting vortex flow patterns as the swab is removed from a 6.5 mm inner diameter tube. Comparison of eluted mock respiratory mucus samples following 10 min elution in buffer (E) and over time (F). https://scispace.com/papers/low-cost-carrier-entry-at-small-european-airports-low-cost-1zqpq3g8z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-city-pair-mldt-hours-mins-pre-lcc-entry-and-2pbo2nn1.png Table 3: Selected city-pair MLDT (hours:mins) pre-LCC entry and post LCC entry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-european-fsnc-alliance-average-connectivity-value-qy3axg2w.png Figure 3: European FSNC alliance average Connectivity Value by airport type 2002-2012. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-european-non-alliance-connectivity-values-1ty5j9v0.png Figure 8. Average European Non-alliance Connectivity Values by Size of Airport, 2002-2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-airports-included-in-the-analysis-3fj8m4mc.png Table 1: Airports included in the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-europe-wide-connectivity-values-cv-for-2002-2012-1nmn45bz.png Figure 2: Europe-wide connectivity values (CV) for 2002-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-alliance-and-non-alliance-connectivity-values-cv-1z5argig.png Table 2: Alliance and Non-alliance Connectivity Values (CV) before and after LCC entry (Type 1 and Type 2 airports). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-airports-2aovglk7.png Figure 1: Map of airports https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-european-alliance-connectivity-values-by-3ffh6n7c.png Figure 5: Average European Alliance Connectivity Values by Type of Airport (degree of remoteness) 2002-2012 https://scispace.com/papers/low-driving-voltage-and-high-mobility-ambipolar-field-effect-4ykt1hbdbz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematics-of-charge-carrier-injection-in-a-an-in-328qikhp.png Figure 2 . Schematics of charge carrier injection in (a) an in-plane bottom contact transistor confi guration, and in (b) in a staggered top contact transistor confi guration. (c) Comparison of the p-channel (left) and n-channel (right) I D –V G transfer characteristics between transistor using bottom contact confi guration (black curves) and the one using top contact confi guration (red curves). https://scispace.com/papers/low-energy-nano-emulsification-approach-as-a-simple-strategy-52bozcz9do 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-backscattering-data-of-the-nano-emulsion-of-the-1vytrzra.png Figure 5: Backscattering data of the nano-emulsion of the Water / [CatA:Span® 80 408 =1:1] / [6 wt% EC10 in ethyl acetate] system with an O/S ratio of 70/30 and 90 wt% 409 water a) in the absence and b) in the presence of oleylamine (OA), at 25ºC. The grey 410 shaded regions in the graphics indicate the bottom and meniscus of the sample in 411 the glass cell. 412 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-nanoparticle-size-distribution-assessed-from-tem-2h5tgtep.png Figure 7: Nanoparticle size distribution assessed from TEM image analysis, of a 522 nanoparticle dispersion obtained from a nano-emulsion of the Water / [CatA:Span® 523 80 =1:1] / [6 wt% EC10 in ethyl acetate] system with an O/S ratio of 70/30 and 90 524 wt% water, before and after dialysis. 525 526 With a value around +54 mV, the zeta potential value in water of the nanoparticles 527 dispersion (Table III) was similar to that of the template nano-emulsion (Table I). This 528 suggests that solvent evaporation has no influence on the surface charge of the 529 system. These data confirm the hypothesis that the incorporation of the 530 alkylamidoammonium derivative in the template ethylcellulose nano-emulsion is a 531 suitable strategy to prepare nanoparticles with positive surface charge from nonionic 532 polymers. Although zeta potential values are reduced to about half of the value after 533 dialysis (+24 mV), they remain in the positive range. The reduction represents 45%, 534 while the amount of CatA removed by dialysis was determined to be around 73 wt%, 535 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-conductivity-as-a-function-of-total-water-content-2yvhbehl.png Figure 3. a) Conductivity as a function of total water content in the Water / 289 [CatA:Span® 80 = 1:1] / [6 wt% EC10 in ethyl acetate] system along the dilution path 290 at the O/S ratio 70/30, at 25ºC. The dashed line indicates the region of instable 291 samples which could not be measured. Water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) 292 regions are indicated. b) Destabilization kinetics of nano-emulsion samples at 25ºC 293 as determined from the destabilization index (DI) as a function of time. 294 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zeta-potential-of-the-nano-emulsions-of-the-water-1pafcwif.png Figure 4: Zeta potential of the nano-emulsions of the Water / [CatA:Span® 80 = 1:1] / 368 [6 wt% EC10 in ethyl acetate] system as a function of the concentration of nano-369 emulsion in the diluting medium (water (pH = 5.6) or PB (pH=7.4)), at 25°C. The 370 nano-emulsion composition was O/S ratio 60/40 and 90 wt% water. The symbols are 371 the experimental data and the lines a guide to the eye. 372 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tem-micrographs-of-a-negatively-stained-3jdwvmwm.png Figure 6. TEM micrographs of a negatively stained nanoparticle dispersion obtained 471 from the nano-emulsion of the Water / [CatA:Span® 80 =1:1] / [6 wt% EC10 in ethyl 472 acetate] system with an O/S ratio of 70/30 and 90 wt% water a) and b) before 473 dialysis and c) and d) after dialysis. 474 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ph-values-zaverage-droplet-size-and-polydispersity-1hpihvt2.png Table I. pH values, ZAverage droplet size and polydispersity indices (PI) of nano-emulsions of the Water / [CatA:Span® 80 = 1:1] / [6 323 wt% EC10 in ethyl acetate] system with 90 wt% of water content at 25°C. Electrophoretic mobility (µ) and zeta potential (ζ) values of 324 nano-emulsions of the system in water (pH 5.6) and PB (pH 7.4) as diluting media, at a concentration of 20 mg/g, at room 325 temperature. 326 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oil-in-water-o-w-nano-emulsion-region-purple-area-27xqo1xw.png Figure 2. Oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsion region (purple area close to the water 270 vertex) in the Water / [CatA:Span® 80 = 1:1] / [6 wt% EC10 in ethyl acetate] system, 271 at 25ºC. The dashed lines at O/S ratios of 25/75 and 85/15 are a guide to the eye 272 indicating the O/S ratio boundary of nano-emulsion formation. The dotted line with 273 the red arrow for the O/S ratio 70/30 indicates the dilution path which was followed 274 for conductivity measurements. Samples were prepared by addition of the aqueous 275 component to the mixture of the oil and the surfactants. 276 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-nanoparticle-size-determined-by-tem-image-analysis-1ufan8xa.png Table III. Nanoparticle size (determined by TEM image analysis) and zeta potential 514 (ξ) values of the nanoparticle dispersion obtained from a nano-emulsion of the Water 515 / [CatA:Span® 80 =1:1] / [6 wt% EC10 in ethyl acetate] system with an O/S ratio of 516 70/30 and 90 wt% water, before and after dialysis. 517 https://scispace.com/papers/low-flow-velocity-fine-screen-heat-exchangers-and-vapor-3es4990khw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-2mfksju2.png Fig. 13 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1gnefej7.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-34rmmt0f.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-1nr4hwye.png Fig. 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2ol6k7yn.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-22wimyqq.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mv7ivdir.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nkepok7u.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/low-frequency-gravity-waves-in-blue-supergiants-revealed-by-149fz9lvyp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-k2-data-of-the-blue-supergiant-star-epic-240255386-2zgxbx2a.png Figure 2: K2 data of the blue supergiant star EPIC 240255386. The light curve is shown in the top panel, and the corresponding original and residual amplitude spectra are shown in orange and black, respectively, in the bottom panel. The light curve is given as the change in the Kepler passband magnitude (∆Kp) as a function of Barycentric Julian date. The stochastic lowfrequency variability, which is characterized using equation (2) and is indicative of photospheric variability caused by gravity waves, is shown as the solid green line, and its red and white components are shown as red- and blue-dashed lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-k2-data-of-the-b-cep-star-epic-202929357-the-light-q8k7xo8s.png Figure 1: K2 data of the β Cep star EPIC 202929357. The light curve is shown in the top panel, and the corresponding original and residual amplitude spectra are shown in orange and black, respectively, in the bottom panel. The light curve is given as the change in the Kepler passband magnitude (∆Kp) as a function of Barycentric Julian date. The coherent pressure-mode oscillation frequencies are between 6 and 12 d−1 and the white noise background is indicated by the dashed-blue line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-asteroseismic-potential-of-hot-massive-post-main-1gfx9i8q.png Figure 5: Asteroseismic potential of hot massive post-main sequence stars. In the right-hand panels, the adiabatic dipole zonal mode frequencies for radial orders n ∈ [−50,−1] and n ∈ [1, 10] are shown as solid and dashed vertical lines, respectively, for four representative models at different evolutionary stages of stars of initial masses (M) of 12 and 13.5 M , whose location in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram is shown in the left panel (Teff is the stellar effective temperature; L is the stellar luminosity). Identification of standing wave frequencies in terms of their radial order, angular degree and azimuthal order allow stars that may be undergoing blue loops to be distinguished because their interior structures and convective core masses (mcc) are significantly different and the oscillation frequencies directly probe this. The arrows show the direction of each star’s travel along its respective evolutionary path. The bottom panel shows period spacing patterns of the gravity modes with radial orders in the range n ∈ [−40,−10]. These patterns are defined as the differences between the periods of gravity modes with the same angular degree and consecutive radial order (∆P ) as a function of mode periods. The patterns are shown for the same four models, with a typical 1-σ uncertainty for observed frequencies also provided in the top left part of the panel (note the uncertainty in the x-axis is smaller than the symbol size). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-intrinsic-stellar-brightness-1onpqji2.png Figure 4: Relationship between intrinsic stellar brightness and IGW morphology. The pairwise correlation between the Gaia absolute G-band magnitudes and the fit parameters α0, νchar and γ for the K2 and TESS samples are shown as blue circles and red triangles, respectively. Significant correlations (p < 0.02) determined from a two-tailed linear regression are shown as solid lines for each sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gaia-colour-magnitude-diagram-of-ob-stars-observed-583ye9fh.png Figure 3: Gaia colour-magnitude diagram of OB stars observed by the K2 and TESS space missions. The filled circles represent the 111 of 114 and OB stars observed by K2 and the triangles represent the 53 LMC OB stars observed by TESS, which were all concluded to have significant low-frequency variability. All symbols have been colour-coded according to a star’s characteristic frequency, νchar, and a symbol size proportional to the amplitude of the stochastic low-frequency variability, α0 (cf. equation 2). The Gaia colour (Bp–Rp) is the difference between the stellar magnitude measured in the Gaia blue and red passbands. A representative 1-σ uncertainty for the location of the OB-star sample is shown in the bottom left corner of the plot. The grey symbols show the distribution of TESS targets in sectors 1–3 that were also observed by Gaia for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/low-force-unfolding-of-a-single-domain-protein-by-parallel-32ho1zip9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-trajectories-where-the-row-contacts-3mn0lxp7.png Table 1: Percentage of trajectories where the row contacts fully break after column contacts, at 5pN; at 35 pN https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-trajectories-where-the-row-contacts-g9r4kmvm.png Table 2: Percentage of trajectories where the row contacts break 95% after column contacts, at 5pN; at 35 pN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-ts-structures-and-the-calculated-2d5j5104.png Figure 3: Representative TS structures and the calculated Pfold (below each structure) at 5 pN. The calculated value for the TSE is Pfold = 0.51±0.06. Pfold = 0.51±0.05. Superposition of structures in the transition state ensemble. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-fig-3-except-the-value-of-the-force-is-35-3sg0ipl1.png Figure 4: Same as Fig.3 except the value of the force is 35 pN. The average of Pfold = 0.51± 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-unfolding-rates-of-titin-i27-domain-and-its-wl4geopw.png Figure 2: The unfolding rates of titin I27 domain and its mutants. Each point is calculated from the average unfolding time over 50 trajectories. For each mutant, the [log ku(f), f ] dependence is fitted with a single- (dashed lines) and a double-exponential (solid lines) model. The selection of fitting model is advised by the Akaike Information Criterion. The ratio of probabilities that particular model captures the data better than the other one (P2/P1 with P2 (P1) being the double (single) exponential fit) are given in the legends. Only L36A and L60A mutants data is better explained by single exponential fit. (Note: For L36A,G32A,L60A,C47A,F21L there is another change in slope around 35-40 pN, hence only the part of the dependence up to that point is fitted. The points that do not contribute to the shown fit and Akaike probability ratio calculations are shown without the error bars. However, using all the data (i.e. up to 50 pN) to fit these five mutants, results in single exponential model being selected (i.e. no curvature), leaving only WT and I23A with curvature.) The last panel uses all the data points, as if they were all for the same molecule, as a proxy (with the argument that changes to the force field for simulating different mutants are tiny) to assess the presence of upward curvature following from tertiary structure of titin I27 domain. With seven times more statistics, the Akaike model selection is strengthened and much more significant statistically, rather than disappeared, as evidenced by a four orders of magnitude higher P2/P1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-comparison-of-ruptured-tertiary-structure-in-381j40mj.png Figure 5: The comparison of ruptured tertiary structure in TSE at 5 and 35 pN (box plot) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-i27-is-a-89-residue-single-domain-protein-2anmduc5.png Figure 1: I27 is a 89 residue single domain protein consisting of two β-sheets ABED and CFGA′, made up of eight β-strands A, A′, B, C, D, E, F and G. Two orientations are shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/low-frequency-radio-spectra-of-submillimetre-galaxies-in-the-5ea7r2t1uh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positions-and-redshifts-of-the-full-sample-of-s2cls-315v151e.png Table 1. Positions and redshifts of the full sample of S2CLS sources in this study. We assign IDs in column 1, which are used throughout. We mark images where multiple sources fell in the SCUBA-2 beam size with an asterisk (*), and those that are detected at 850 µm but not in the LOFAR images we mark with a dagger (†). Photometric redshifts and uncertainties from the LOFAR catalogue are also provided. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-normalised-histograms-showing-the-distribution-of-25xxs00q.png Fig. 8. Normalised histograms showing the distribution of sources in IR luminosity and redshift, with the full sample shown in dark and the extremely flat-spectrum sources shown in a light outline. The median of each sample is also shown, with a dashed line showing the median of the full sample and a dotted line showing the median of the extremely flat-spectrum sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radio-colour-colour-plot-showing-the-low-frequency-150-2a3k72y1.png Fig. 7. Radio colour-colour plot showing the low-frequency (150 MHz – 324 MHz) spectral slope on the x-axis and the high-frequency (324 MHz– 1.4 GHz) spectral slope on the y-axis. The dashed line indicates αlow = −0.25, the cutoff above which we define sources to have extremely flat low-frequency spectra. Sources above this threshold are marked with squares in the plots throughout this paper. Sources are numbered with the IDs assigned in this study, as detailed in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fluxes-and-radio-spectral-indices-of-sources-in-this-3oya5obi.png Table 2. Fluxes and radio spectral indices of sources in this study. IDs in column 1 follow Table 1, with multiple sources marked with an asterisk (*) and those not detected in LOFAR with a dagger (†). De-boosted 850 µm flux densities are shown from the S2CLS catalogue, and radio flux densities are measured as described in Sect. 3.2. Here, α150−324 and α324−1400 are the low- and high-frequency radio spectral indices, respectively, as described in Sect. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-far-infrared-to-radio-correlation-sources-in-our-2navv06s.png Fig. 5. Far-infrared to radio correlation. Sources in our sample with extremely flat low-frequency radio spectral indices are plotted with lightcoloured squares, and the positions of the ‘normal’ sources are plotted with dark circles. The FIRC relation calculated from our data following Eq. 1 is plotted as a dark dashed line, while the shaded region shows the 1σ and 3σ variances, respectively. Data from Ivison et al. (2010) are plotted in green crosses for comparison, with the FIRC from that work plotted as a dotted green line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-our-simple-model-of-free-free-absorption-and-its-2vruzlp0.png Fig. 10. Our simple model of free-free absorption and its effect on spectral indices. Left: Effect of free-free absorption on a simple power law spectrum with radio spectral index α = −0.7, with increasing lengths of absorbing column, for our observing frequencies in the observed frame. We assume an electron density ne = 50 cm−3 and temperature T = 104 K. Right: As Fig. 7, but with the effect of free-free absorption on a simple power law spectrum plotted in orange, with increasing lengths of absorbing column from zero (left) to 300 pc (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calculating-the-lower-limits-on-redshifts-for-sources-uzulwmau.png Fig. 3. Calculating the lower limits on redshifts for sources 8 (left) and 16 (right), both of which are detected at 850 µm and at no other wavelength in this study. Using the 5σ detection thresholds (marked as downward pointing arrows) at optical through to FIR wavelengths, and the detection at 850 µm, we redshift the Michałowski et al. (2010) template SED until it lies below the limiting fluxes. In this way we determine limits of z = 5.4 and z = 4.7 for sources 8 and 16, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cutouts-of-an-example-s2cls-source-id-1-in-our-1co1mrl1.png Fig. 1. Cutouts of an example S2CLS source (ID 1 in our numbering system, an 11.91 mJy 850 µm source) in each radio frequency used in this study. Each square is 50 arcsec across, with the approximate S2CLS beam size (∼15 arcsec FWHM) marked with an orange circle. Image contrast is scaled arbitrarily for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/low-interest-rates-and-the-distribution-of-household-debt-3c82tu9xz2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-homeownership-and-age-13hjnthj.png Table 11. Homeownership and age https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-timing-27nq23q2.png Figure 1. Model timing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maturity-structure-of-outstanding-mortgages-r389migq.png Figure 7. Maturity structure of outstanding mortgages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-interest-rate-counterfactuals-3qdu5mu1.png Figure 2. Interest rate counterfactuals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-mortgages-outstanding-by-banks-fr1pahdy.png Figure 14. Comparison of mortgages outstanding by banks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-branch-market-share-of-two-banks-1zhykart.png Figure 10. Branch market share of two banks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-age-distribution-of-first-time-and-non-first-time-216z73op.png Figure 9. Age distribution of first time and non-first time borrowers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-decomposition-of-mortgage-debt-by-borrower-type-yb65ztg8.png Table 2. Decomposition of mortgage debt by borrower type https://scispace.com/papers/low-loss-reconfigurable-phase-shifter-in-gap-waveguide-640a66r1k8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-reconfigurable-phase-shifters-in-mm-1wqorlrc.png TABLE I: Comparison of reconfigurable phase shifters in mm-wave band with this work https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tunable-phase-shifter-design-model-1vdxm66j.png Fig. 1: Tunable phase shifter design model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amplitude-of-the-e-field-distribution-a-top-view-of-1temkpi1.png Fig. 3: Amplitude of the E-field distribution: (a) top view of the gap between layers at 65 GHz when the tuning screw does not exert any pressure, (b) when the tuning screw exerts a pressure. The phase changes as a consequence of the tuning screw. (c) 3D views of the selected cutting planes and transversal cut of the phase shifter showing the fundamental propagative mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulated-transmission-coefficient-a-with-w-and-2h7bhrcs.png Fig. 4: Simulated transmission coefficient: (a) with (w/) and without (w/o) strip and wall corrugations for different curvature radii (different be values). (b) Comparison with a straight gap-waveguide and conventional waveguide that have the same length as the phase shifter (for different curvature radii). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-manufactured-prototype-a-forming-layers-and-assembled-17tg5afk.png Fig. 6: Manufactured prototype: (a) forming layers and assembled prototype, (b) detail of the modification of the curvature radius by the pressing screw. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effect-of-the-vertical-gap-gs-illustrated-in-fig-3-c-2yrj2trv.png Fig. 7: Effect of the vertical gap gs (illustrated in Fig. 3(c)) between the metallic strip and the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide: (a) on the phase shift, and (b) on the insertion losses. The reference simulation of the phase shifter has a gs = 30 µm and a curvature radius be = 0.8 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/low-resolution-face-recognition-using-generative-adversarial-2ge2v3j4b4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-results-on-facenet-2din81jv.png Table 6 Comparison results on FaceNet https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-preparation-for-gt-and-lr-dataset-image-3gox74b7.png Fig. 3 Preparation for GT and LR dataset image https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-architecture-of-srgan-generator-network-3ukeum2s.png Table 2 Architecture of SRGAN Generator Network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-super-resolution-result-image-3uwbe4fi.png Fig. 4 Super resolution result image https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-super-resolution-comparison-result-using-lfw-dataset-3e0dubs3.png Table 5 Super resolution comparison result using LFW dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-architecture-of-srgan-discriminator-network-261i1jrt.png Table 3 Architecture of SRGAN Discriminator Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recall-result-using-confusion-matrix-tctk17dt.png Table 1 Recall Result Using Confusion Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-accuracy-and-loss-on-facenet-using-srgan-using-esrgan-3lqgakgi.png Fig. 5 Accuracy and loss on FaceNet using SRGAN using ESRGAN using SRGAN image https://scispace.com/papers/low-temperature-synthesis-and-magnetostructural-transition-1szxql6cpb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diffraction-contrast-images-of-a-representative-crn-33cgit99.png Figure 1: Diffraction contrast images of a representative CrN agglomerate after annealing at 773 K: (a) bright-field and (b) dark-field. (c) Selected area diffraction pattern indexed according to the CrN structure.40 (d) High-resolution phase contrast images of single chromium nitride particles lying on the carbon film. The inset shows an enlargement of a single spherical CrN nanoparticle oriented in [001] zone axis orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-drawing-of-the-ab-plane-of-crn-in-the-high-3asfgtcy.png Figure 3: (a)-(b) Drawing of the ab plane of CrN in the high temperature cubic structure (a) and the low temperature orthorhombic structure (b). The structural distortion is exaggerated for clarity. The pseudocubic monoclinic cell (black), is used to describe the distorted structure rather than the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rietveld-refinement-data-for-the-long-scan-of-crn-k3udnywe.png Table 1: Rietveld refinement data for the long scan of CrN after annealing at 873 K collected at 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-in-situ-low-temperature-x-ray-powder-diffraction-q1td1lvy.png Figure 2: In-situ low temperature X-ray powder diffraction data of the annealed (873 K) CrN nanoparticles after Rietveld refinement with the structure of (a) cubic CrN (Fm-3m)40 collected at 298 K and (b) orthorhombic CrN (Pnma)31 collected at 193 K. (c) shows the splitting of the cubic (222) peak into the orthorhombic (022), (402) and (122) peaks upon cooling through the structural transition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnetization-as-a-function-of-temperature-at-a-29rtqi24.png Figure 4: Magnetization as a function of temperature at a fixed field H = 200 Oe (b) and heat capacity from DSC (a) for the CrN nanoparticles. The magnetization vs. temperature sweeps were performed first by cooling in zero-field to low temperature and then by measuring upon warming (zero field-cooled warming), and then measuring while cooling back down with the field applied (field-cooled cooling) and then warming once again (field-cooled warming). The vertical black line and vertical grey box represent, respectively, the temperature of the center of the transition (258.5 K) and the transition width (248 K – 269 K), which coincide for both measurement probes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rietveld-refinement-data-for-the-short-scans-of-crn-1mw835mn.png Table 2: Rietveld refinement data for the short scans of CrN after annealing at 873 K, collected at 298, 273, 268, 263, 258, 253, 233, 213 and 193 K. https://scispace.com/papers/low-uptake-of-covid-19-prevention-behaviours-and-high-4313ndnynx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-impact-of-covid-19-and-control-measures-on-behaviours-3j0cifw3.png Fig. 2. Impact of COVID-19 and control measures on behaviours relevant to chronic disease. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measures-of-mental-health-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-1qxhwwwb.png Fig. 3. Measures of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-impact-of-covid-19-and-control-measures-on-employment-39uadm8g.png Fig. 4. Impact of COVID-19 and control measures on employment and financial wellbeing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-29809-study-participants-prior-17majwmf.png Table 1 Characteristics of 29,809 study participants prior COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-impact-of-covid-19-and-control-measures-on-access-to-2rjs9p8i.png Fig. 1. Impact of COVID-19 and control measures on access to healthcare for chronic disease. https://scispace.com/papers/lower-genitourinary-tract-trauma-4mxeieaoxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aast-bladder-injury-scale-18-cvh0pqmz.png Table 1. AAST bladder injury scale.18 https://scispace.com/papers/luck-or-cheating-a-field-experiment-on-honesty-with-children-376y9cekl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-sample-statistics-3v8qgg6u.png Table 1. Average sample statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-reported-white-outcomes-in-the-1jk2o6bx.png Table 2. Percentage of reported white outcomes in the experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-probability-of-reporting-the-white-outcome-marginal-2kz200dz.png Table 4. Probability of reporting the white outcome (marginal e¤ects) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reminder-treatment-e-ect-y0qsmssr.png Table 3. Reminder treatment e¤ect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-reporting-sheet-in-ct-b-reporting-sheet-in-rt-3mga1xq2.png Figure 1. a) Reporting sheet in CT. b) Reporting sheet in RT. https://scispace.com/papers/luminescence-properties-of-defects-in-gan-4hjs241x7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-79-pl-spectra-of-c-doped-cubic-gan-layers-grown-with-3hi5uwff.png FIG. 79. PL spectra of C-doped cubic GaN layers grown with different fluxes of C. The topmost spectrum has been multiplied by a factor of 25. Reprinted with permission from Aset al., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 693, I2.3 s2002d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-radiative-transitions-associated-with-major-doping-3i39dc5y.png FIG. 1. Radiative transitions associated with major doping impuritiesss e Sec. Vd and unintentionally introduced defectssSec. IVd in GaN. For the VGaON complex, two charge states are shownsSec. IV Bd. Transitions resulting in the GL2 and RL2 bands are assumed to be internal and the related defect levels are unknownsSec. IV Fd. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-temperature-dependence-of-the-effective-lifetime-of-3fkth3l9.png FIG. 19. Temperature dependence of the effective lifetime of the YLs2.2 eVd, BL s2.9 eVd, and UVL s3.27 eVd bands in undoped GaN grown by MOCVD. Reprinted with permission from Korotkovet al., Physica B325, 1 s2003d. Copyrights2003d by Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-intensity-of-the-yl-bl-and-uvl-bands-at-15-k-in-frluk507.png FIG. 17. Intensity of the YL, BL, and UVL bands at 15 K in undoped GaN grown by MOCVD. The curves are calculated using Eq.s17d. Reprinted with permission from Korotkovet al., Physica B273, 80 s1999d. Copyright s1999d by Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-40-odmr-spectra-at-24-ghz-detected-on-the-uvl-bandsat-3-19r1prw6.png FIG. 40. ODMR spectra at 24 GHz detected on the UVL bandsat 3.27 eVd for several orientations of the applied magnetic field in thes11-20d planes0° refers to thec axisd. The thick black curvesdisplaced vertically for clarityd are simulations of the low-field line shapes for resonance SA. Reprinted with permission from Glaseret al., Phys. Rev. B68, 195201s2003d. Copyright s2003d by the American Physical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-39-pl-decay-for-the-dap-transitionssfilled-pointsd-and-e-3aex3ypw.png FIG. 39. PL decay for the DAP transitionssfilled pointsd and e-A transitions sempty pointsd of the UVL band in freestanding GaN template. Reprinted with permission from Reshchikovet al., Physica B 340–342, 444 s2003d. Copyright s2003d by Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-calculated-temperature-dependencies-of-the-pl-qe-for-cex5vqyv.png FIG. 9. Calculated temperature dependencies of the PL QE for three radiative recombination channels in GaN: excitonicsexd and via two acceptors sA1 andA2d. The dependences were calculated using Eqs.s6d–s10d with the following parameters: hexs0d=0.2; hA1s0d=0.2; hA2s0d=0.08; tRexQex =250 exps−10 meV/kTd, tR1=10−5 s, tR2=5310−5 s, Cp1=10−6 cm3 s−1, Cp2=4310 −7 cm3 s−1, EA1=0.34 eV,EA2=0.8 eV. Reprinted with permission from Reshchikov and Korotkov, Phys. Rev. B64, 115205 s2001d. Copyright s2001d by the American Physical Society. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-57-pl-spectra-of-undoped-gan-samples-grown-by-mocvd-on-1y5v6bz0.png FIG. 57. PL spectra of undoped GaN samples grown by MOCVD on sapphire.T=200 K. https://scispace.com/papers/m-eye-cro-eye-gaze-microgestures-for-multitasking-and-ro8lzk2mh9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-trial-completion-time-and-cis-for-each-high-nallmhra.png Fig. 4. Mean trial completion time and CIs for each high-priority task condition, each trial phase (i.e., object selection, property selection, return (phase during which participants get their left hand back on the handle), each technique and each high-priority task. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mean-alert-reaction-time-and-cis-for-each-technique-c64n3g1c.png Fig. 8. Mean alert reaction time and CIs for each technique and each alert trigger phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-number-of-errors-by-participant-for-each-high-233v0pcl.png Fig. 7. Average number of errors by participant for each high-priority task and technique. Errors are broken down into their different types (prop. stands for property and obj. for object). CIs are associated to error types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-low-priority-task-and-high-3befplrg.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the low-priority task and high-priority tasks used in the experiment. The left image corresponds to the screen seen by the participants during the experiment. The top left rectangle with black outline displays a 3 by 3 grid of objects that was used for the object selection phase. The menu used to modify the object properties lies at the bottom of this grid. Between these two parts the instruction of the task is displayed: in the example, the participant has to select the object R8 (selection already done in this example) and to modify its object size to 1. The right part of the interface (blue on the illustration) is dedicated to the high-priority task if any. It is left empty in the NoSecondary condition, filled by a green rectangle which becomes red when an alert goes off in the Alert condition, or with a flight instrument in the Flight condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-item-selection-time-and-cis-for-each-technique-3t6zcy2u.png Fig. 6. Mean item selection time and CIs for each technique, each menu level (first-level – random item order, second-level – ordered items) and item position in the menu. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-participants-mean-trial-completion-time-ratio-and-cis-3hvruzb8.png Fig. 5. Participants’ mean trial completion time ratio and CIs for each technique, phase and high-priority task. Values correspond to the percentage of added trial completion time forM[eye]cro compared to Baseline (i.e., negative values mean thatM[eye]cro is faster). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-two-compared-techniques-interaction-during-the-two-ceglvw53.png Fig. 2. The two compared techniques: interaction during the two phases of object and property selection. Baseline is the interaction technique directly inspired from current cockpit interactions. It uses a handle composed of a Hat Switch to move a cursor in the object selection phase and button to validate the object. In the property selection phase, it uses two Incremental Rotary Encoders to move a cursor sideways in each menu level and a physical button to validate the selected property.M[eye]cro is a new interaction technique using eye-gaze and a thumb-to-finger tap to select an object, phalanx taps to navigate both menu levels and a nail tap to validate the property. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-mean-and-ci-of-the-difference-per-participant-for-1p119pok.png Fig. 11. Mean and CI of the difference per participant for each TLX scale between the grades of M[eye]cro and Baseline. A negative value means thatM[eye]cro is preferred. https://scispace.com/papers/lytic-xylan-oxidases-from-wood-decay-fungi-unlock-biomass-286r21v3m4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-enzymatic-activity-of-pcaa14-lpmos-a-morphology-of-2s36pt25.png Figure 4. Enzymatic activity of PcAA14 LPMOs. (a) Morphology of birchwood cellulosic 339 fibers treated with PcAA14A and PcAA14B LPMOs. Images were recorded after dispersion. 340 Images are representative of the samples analyzed. (b) Solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR analysis of 341 LPMO-treated cellulosic fibers. The differences in hemicellulose content in enzyme-treated 342 fibers were calculated from the C-1 and C-4 region deconvolution of NMR spectra and are 343 indicated in Supplementary Figure 10. (c) Assays in the presence of a GH11 xylanase were 344 performed on birchwood cellulose fibers. Xylobiose (X2) and xylotriose (X3) were quantified by 345 ionic chromatography. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean from triplicate independent 346 experiments. (d) Mass spectrometry identification of the X3 oxidized species detected at 347 429.13 m/z generated from birchwood cellulosic fibers by PcAA14A in synergy with a GH11 348 xylanase. The fragmentation pattern corresponds to a C1 oxidized species with an aldonic acid at 349 the reducing end. : water losses. : H2CO losses. An expanded view of the spectrum is 350 provided in Supplementary Figure 12. 351 https://scispace.com/papers/macaque-neuron-instance-segmentation-only-with-point-1ikbzfq5jy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3bxsj313.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-4kbdc7r4.png Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1czlba0h.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2u7f9old.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2mwexcay.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-f-score-average-value-standard-deviation-5iqx4uwc.png Table 3. Average F-score (average value ± standard deviation) computed on the individualization dataset using different automated methods with different numbers of training set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1dt80v4e.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-f-score-average-value-standard-deviation-15wdelv7.png Table 2. Average F-score (average value ± standard deviation) computed using different automated methods on the individualization dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/mach-number-dependence-of-electron-heating-in-high-mach-4xdneqzx13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-evolution-of-the-system-3vue46wq.png FIG. 1. Time evolution of the system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-injection-plasma-parameters-3fiw25t0.png TABLE I. Injection plasma parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mach-number-dependence-of-upper-panel-maximum-2icqtqpy.png FIG. 3. Mach number dependence of upper panel maximum saturation electron temperatures, e , and lower panel corresponding wave propagation angles, Bk. The three black lines correspond to cases with different initial temperature ratio. Their definition is given in the caption of Fig. 2. The thick gray solid dashed line is obtained from Eq. 18 Eq. 19 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-saturation-level-of-normalized-parallel-electron-26nbr60u.png FIG. 2. Saturation level of normalized parallel electron temperatures, e , as a function of upper panel initial 0 and lower panel . The three lines correspond to cases with different initial temperature ratios. The solid line with circles denotes the case with 0e / 0i=1, the dashed line with squares 0e / 0i=3, and the dotted line with triangles 0e / 0i=1 /3, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-normalized-electron-temperatures-between-1pesfs5o.png FIG. 5. Comparison of normalized electron temperatures between the PIC simulations and the model analyses. The markers labeled A–F are estimated as averaged effective electron temperatures downstream of the shocks reproduced in the PIC simulations. The dashed lines are obtained from the model analyses, Eq. 18 for A–C and Eq. 19 for D–F, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electron-heating-observed-in-1d-pic-simulations-for-34jjzjl1.png FIG. 4. Electron heating observed in 1D PIC simulations for upper panels run A and lower panels run F. The left panels show electron phase space distributions in upper left panel vez−x and lower left panel vex−x. The gray solid lines denote profiles of magnetic field Bz component. The right panels indicate electron distribution functions in vex and vez integrated over space corresponding to the arrowed regions in the left panels. https://scispace.com/papers/mach-zehnder-interferometer-based-integrated-terahertz-20ze6d3o5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalized-transmission-spectra-of-mzi-based-cuv6mxeq.png Fig. 5. Normalized transmission spectra of MZI-based temperature sensor for (a) L = 1000 um and (b) L = 300 um. The dotted ellipses indicate the overlap of valleys. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-real-parts-of-effective-refractive-indices-for-all-25tmm8ug.png Fig. 3. (a) Real parts of effective refractive indices for all supported modes versus diameter D with different frequency f. Dotted line represents refractive index of SiO2. Normalized energy density distributions for (b) FWG mode with [D, f] = [70 m, 1.4 THz], (c) FWG mode with [D, f] = [43 m, 1.4 THz] and (d) SPP2 mode with [D, f] = [40 m, 1.4 THz]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-proposed-mzi-based-thz-2y5kz1ig.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of proposed MZI-based THz temperature sensor. Two separated propagating SPP waves are supported on both surfaces of InSb layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-diagrams-of-suggested-fabrication-steps-2k38l87u.png Fig. 6. Schematic diagrams of suggested fabrication steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-influence-of-error-of-etching-depth-h-on-sensitivity-3qe60npo.png Fig. 7. (a) Influence of error of etching depth h on sensitivity S and FoM. Inset: schematic view of error of etching depth. (b) Influence of shift t on sensitivity S and FoM. Inset: schematic view of shift t. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-normalized-transmission-spectra-of-mzi-for-the-1trlsnek.png Fig. 4. (a) Normalized transmission spectra of MZI for the different value of L. (b) Relationship between integer m and frequency f obtained from Eq. 5 with L = 1000 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-three-dimensional-3d-plot-of-real-part-of-1jh0s40a.png Fig. 2. (a) Three dimensional (3D) plot of real part of permittivity of InSb versus both temperature T and frequency f. Black line region shown in Fig. 2 (a) is a case of Real (InSb) > 0. (b) Dispersion relations for SPP existing on a single air-InSb interface with different temperature T. https://scispace.com/papers/machine-learning-and-sampling-scheme-an-empirical-study-of-3zf225n18g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-auc-the-figure-plots-average-aucs-of-100-3p8unrxm.png Fig. 1 Average AUC. The figure plots average AUCs of 100 bootstrap samples for 3 datasets (training, holdout, and test), 6 model algorithms (MLLR, BLR, DT, RF, SVM, and ANN), 2 sampling methods (overand under-sampling), at 41 event rates, using 147,600 AUCs in total https://scispace.com/papers/machine-detector-interface-at-clic-czp47iknsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-parameters-of-clic-at-ecm-3-tev-all-backgrounds-3tfgf910.png TABLE 1. Main parameters of CLIC at Ecm = 3 TeV. All backgrounds are per bunch crossing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-the-transverse-position-of-the-pair-particles-3v5kh6ql.png FIGURE 3. Left: the transverse position of the pair particles in the spent beam as a function of distance to the IP. Right: the number of hits in the innermost layer of the vertex detector for one bunch crossing as a function of the thickness of the inner mask layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-view-from-above-on-the-adopted-mask-design-the-33j3vpvv.png FIGURE 2. View from above on the adopted mask design. The sketch is stretched in vertical direction. Care has to be taken that no particles are backscattered through the hole in the mask. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-luminosity-spectrum-in-clic-left-the-full-j1jur4me.png FIGURE 1. The luminosity spectrum in CLIC. Left the full spectrum, right the part close to the nominal centre-of-mass energy. https://scispace.com/papers/machine-learning-approaches-to-predict-learning-outcomes-in-529z38ngco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-brief-description-of-ml-models-daieuubr.png TABLE 3. Brief Description of ML Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-features-of-harvardx-3pwgnlr1.png TABLE 1. Description Features of HarvardX https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-matrix-3tsfma56.png FIGURE 1. Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-roc-curve-for-experiment-2-1pooqejx.png FIGURE 5. Roc Curve for Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-classification-performances-for-experiment-2-high-29ths1y0.png TABLE 6. Classification Performances for Experiment 2 (High weight features) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-roc-curve-for-experiment-1-1wonjww2.png FIGURE 4. Roc Curve for Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimation-accuracy-classifier-experimnet2-yy6mcj6u.png FIGURE 3. Estimation Accuracy Classifier Experimnet2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-classification-performances-for-experiment-1-all-2t12zvad.png TABLE 5. Classification Performances for Experiment 1 (All features) https://scispace.com/papers/macrocrystalline-silicon-thin-films-prepared-by-rf-reactive-2qphjnp3rg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-which-is-related-to-the-crystal-diameter-d-a-broad-gztouzm8.png Figure 3) which is related to the crystal diameter D, a broad peak at about 480 cm-1 which is related to the amorphous phase12 (component L2 in Figure 3) and a relatively important peak at 490 2 cm-1 (component L3 in Figure 3), which is frequently found in Si thin films with very small crystals12 and can also be attributed to vibrations in the transverse optical mode. During the deconvolution of Raman spectra the positions of components L2 and L3 were fixed at 480 cm-1 and 490 cm-1, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/machinising-humans-and-humanising-machines-emotional-4h53639krb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tangible-emotions-installation-at-rca-work-in-e3aywazc.png Figure 1. Tangible Emotions installation at RCA Work in Progress show, January 2016, Caroline Yan Zheng https://scispace.com/papers/macroeconomic-and-fiscal-challenges-faced-by-the-southern-211rbopoud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-gg-expenditure-in-semc-of-gdp-2001-2012-3olowwzi.png Table 7. GG expenditure in SEMC, % of GDP, 2001-2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-med11-gdp-per-capita-current-international-dollars-13jxusqt.png Figure 1. MED11: GDP per capita, current international dollars, in PPP terms, 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-subsidies-for-energy-products-in-semc-2011-as-of-gdp-ceonxgvz.png Table 8. Subsidies for Energy Products in SEMC, 2011, as % of GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-subsidies-for-energy-products-in-semc-2011-as-of-gg-1n6lke6u.png Table 9. Subsidies for Energy Products in SEMC, 2011, as % of GG revenue https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-end-of-year-inflation-in-semc-in-period-average-1y7kri8l.png Figure 5. End-of-year inflation in SEMC, in %, period average, 1981-1995 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-end-of-year-inflation-in-semc-in-period-average-fus99tvq.png Figure 6. End-of-year inflation in SEMC, in %, period average, 1996-2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-basic-macroeconomic-indicators-in-semc-2007-2013-1q9f9qm5.png Table 4. Basic macroeconomic indicators in SEMC, 2007-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-military-expenditure-of-gdp-1980-2012-3g5axied.png Figure 14. Military expenditure, % of GDP, 1980-2012 https://scispace.com/papers/macroeconomic-implications-of-agglomeration-2s727w8n7s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-model-assumptions-on-baseline-parameter-1rscc81g.png Table 3: Effects of Model Assumptions on Baseline Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specification-tests-1f65com7.png Table 2: Specification Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-parameter-estimates-dqvbq889.png Table 1: Baseline Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-employment-and-prices-in-the-cross-section-of-cities-3okfpjez.png Table 4: Employment and Prices in the Cross-section of Cities https://scispace.com/papers/macroeconomic-shocks-and-risk-premia-fama-meets-sims-583tnnwiic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-results-from-the-uk-q45wnptb.png Figure 21: Results from the UK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-impulse-responses-to-a-l-shock-implied-by-other-8z4rh5be.png Figure 17: Impulse Responses to a λ-shock, Implied by other Equities vs Bonds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-decomposing-year-on-year-us-consumption-growth-the-29eehwrg.png Figure 6: Decomposing Year-on-year US Consumption Growth: the Role of λ-Shocks and γ-Shocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-simplified-geometry-of-constructing-the-l-shock-27d0mhdx.png Figure 7: A Simplified Geometry of Constructing the λ-shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-illustrating-the-orthogonality-of-the-l-shock-with-f0zcrgvt.png Figure 14: Illustrating the Orthogonality of the λ-Shock with respect to the γ-Shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impulse-responses-to-a-l-shock-and-to-a-cholesky-3gr7anej.png Figure 2: Impulse Responses to a λ-shock and to a Cholesky Interest Rate Shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impulse-responses-to-a-g-shock-and-to-a-l-shock-31pgj9bn.png Figure 4: Impulse Responses to a γ-Shock and to a λ-Shock https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-forecasting-excess-returns-results-from-a-var-4-310y1oh5.png Table 4: Forecasting Excess Returns: Results from a VAR(4) Model https://scispace.com/papers/macroscopic-investigation-of-hydrate-film-growth-at-the-3yfz6ihchu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-profile-of-vapor-hydrate-water-interface-the-left-23nhhxs8.png Figure 10. Profile of vapor/hydrate/water interface. The left side of graph represents top half of vapor/water interface (vapor phase) of Figure 6 and right side represents bottom half of vapor/water interface (water phase). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hydrate-film-thickness-versus-time-for-the-methane-1wcdj833.png Figure 9. Hydrate film thickness versus time for the methane, methane/n-decane, and cyclopentane systems. Error bars represent one standard deviation. Time zero was recorded at the first sign of film formation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nucleation-of-a-water-droplet-immersed-in-8jxc2y5e.png Figure 1. Nucleation of a water droplet immersed in cyclopentane. (A) Initial contact, (B) cyclopentane hydrate shell formed around the water droplet, (C) dimples formed on the hydrate shell, (D) continued dimple, (E) conversion of interior water to hydrate, indicated by darkening, (F) almost completely converted hydrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cell-pressure-during-dissolution-and-hydrate-2k8q8a53.png Figure 11. Cell pressure during dissolution and hydrate formation. Dissolution occurs in the first two hours. At 2 hours 32 minutes, initiation of film growth occurs, and hydrate formation causes the pressure to decrease over the next 22 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-cell-pressure-at-the-initiation-of-hydrate-film-2ylr9bfg.png Figure 12. Cell pressure at the initiation of hydrate film growth. The pressure remained fairly constant (6.52 MPa) for 30 minutes (2 – 2.5 hours). Initiation of film growth was visually observed at 2 hours 32 minutes. The pressure remained constant for another 5 minutes after the initiation of hydrate film growth before decreasing to 6.5 MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-schematic-of-the-proposed-mechanism-for-hydrate-1sxccaf7.png Figure 17. Schematic of the proposed mechanism for hydrate film formation at a hydrocarbon/water interface. Step 1: Propagation of a thin porous hydrate film across the hydrocarbon/water interface. Step 2: Film development. Step 3: Bulk conversion of hydrate film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-schematic-of-the-proposed-mechanism-for-hydrate-2n3dthx3.png Figure 18. Schematic of the proposed mechanism for hydrate formation of a water droplet. Step 1: Propagation of a thin porous hydrate film around the water droplet. Step 2: Film development. Step 3: Bulk conversion of the hydrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-the-hydrate-film-growth-apparatus-278xahoy.png Figure 2. Schematic of the hydrate film growth apparatus. https://scispace.com/papers/magmatic-and-tectonic-segmentation-of-the-intermediate-5fteo870k3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-constraints-on-inversion-model-anomaly-variation-a-2dnvfuqq.png Figure 9. Constraints on inversion model anomaly variation. a) LVZ at Z=4.2, 5.0, and 5.5 km. Black dashed line indicates centre line of each CRR ridge segment. Star at X=29 km, Y=31 km corresponds to the location where 1-D profiles in c) and Fig. 8c are sampled. b) Corresponding LVZ structure for the model generated using “at-best” pick uncertainties, showing the LVZ to be concentrated beneath the western spreading limb. See text. c) 1-D velocity-depth profiles at the ridge axis (X=20 km, Y=30 km; red) and through the OSC LVZ (X=29 km, Y=31 km; black). Solid lines correspond to the “at-best” pick uncertainty model, and dashed lines to the inversion model. Grey arrows and dashed lines approximately show the depths of the constant depth slices (a-b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-obs-hydrophone-record-sections-displayed-1ifpvroq.png Figure 4. Example OBS hydrophone record sections, displayed using a minimum phase bandpass filter (1-4-88-120 Hz) and a reduction velocity of 6 km s-1. a) OBS 07, Profile NG_B, which runs along the ridge axis with b) travel time picks annotated, where bar height corresponds to the assigned pick uncertainty (Table 1). c) & d) OBS 23, Profile NG_E, which is oriented ridge-parallel, off-axis to the south. e) & f) OBS 14, Profile NG_G, oriented across axis and intersecting a) & b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-starting-model-and-modelling-results-a-2-d-vertical-1n06ma11.png Figure 5. Starting model and modelling results. a) 2-D vertical slice through the starting model at X=20 km. b) 1-D vertical velocity-depth profile at the ridge axis derived from a 2-D inversion of OBS data along SAP_B (Wilson et al., 2019). This was applied below bathymetry to generate starting model shown in a). c-e) Vertical model slices through the inversion model resulting from travel time inversion using the starting model in a) and the parameters in Table 2. Slices are taken c) N-S through the region where the AML has been observed at the ridge axis, co-incident with Profile SAP_B, d) N-S across the OSC, and e) E-W along the ridge axis. f) Ridge axis structure from 2-D inversion of OBS data along SAP_B (Wilson et al., 2019) for comparison. Red arrows in N-S oriented plots indicate the location of the ridge axis. Blue arrow in e) marks the OSC. Models are masked by illumination to show areas constrained ray coverage. Contours are shown at 0.5 km s-1 intervals between 3.5 and 6.5 km s-1. Dashed horizontal grey lines locate depth slices in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-north-grid-study-area-and-regional-bathymetry-a-vnm72qre.png Figure 1. North Grid study area and regional bathymetry. a) Principal regional tectonic features of the Panama Basin, plotted over GEBCO (2008) bathymetry. Blue box indicates area shown in b). Plate motions are from NRR-MORVEL56 (Argus et al., 2011). Abbreviations: CRR – Costa Rica Rift; ER – Ecuador Rift; GSR – Galapagos Spreading Ridge; PFZ – Panama Fracture Zone; EFZ – Ecuador Fracture Zone; IT – Inca Transform Fault. b) Ship-acquired swath bathymetry of the CRR ridge axis. Layout of the North Grid seismic acquisition with profile names annotated. Dashed black box shows the extent of the 3-D model, with axes labelled in model co-ordinates. Dashed red line shows location of the ridge axis centre line. Red filled triangles indicate OBS with record sections shown in Fig. 4. Dashed blue box indicates region shown in Fig. 2a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-d-vertical-velocity-depth-profiles-through-the-3grj9s61.png Figure 8. 1-D vertical velocity-depth profiles through the inversion model. a) Velocity-depth profiles at the ridge axis, away from the LVZ (X=20 km, Y=30 km model space), coinciding with SAP_B. Red line is the inversion model. Grey envelope represents the range of resulting structures from all tested inversion parameterizations. Black dashed line is the Wilson et al. (2019) 2-D OBS inversion velocity-depth structure at the ridge axis. b) Off-axis, 10 km to the south (X=20 km, Y=40 km; blue line). c) At the location of maximum LVZ amplitude (X=29 km, Y=31 km; green line). d) Comparison between offand on-axis velocity-depth profiles through the inversion model. Line colours correspond to the model locations shown in a) & b). e) Comparison between LVZ and ridge axis profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-travel-time-pick-uncertainties-showing-3ok8m0qt.png Table 1. Summary of travel time pick uncertainties, showing the number of picks for each assigned travel time uncertainty used for primary inversion, ray coverage and resolution analysis, and the investigation of the structure of the AML. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-parameters-used-for-inversion-the-values-1k93y2af.png Table 2. Summary of parameters used for inversion. The values given for the horizontal and vertical inversion cell sizes are for the preferred inversion model shown in Figs 5 & 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-swath-bathymetry-of-the-crr-showing-ridge-axis-2tjqnsgo.png Figure 2. Swath bathymetry of the CRR showing ridge axis structure. a) Ridge axis in the vicinity of the overlapping spreading segment. Red dashed line indicates the location of ridge axis centre line. Blue dashed line is the location of OSCAR MCS Profile NG_Bb13 (Lowell et al., 2020), co-incident with the location of EW9416 Profile 1268 (Buck et al., 1997). Dashed black lines show the longitudes of the ends of the observed AML from these two surveys. Inverted triangles show OBS locations (cf. Fig. 1b). b) Bathymetry sampled along the ridge axis centre line (light grey), shown with a 3’ (~5 km) Gaussian filter applied (dark grey). Dotted black lines show location relative to a). Labelled arrows indicate the directions to and names of bounding fracture zones (cf. Fig. 1a). OSC and AML locations along the ridge axis are labelled. https://scispace.com/papers/magnet-r-d-for-future-colliders-4p33t22gu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-muon-cooling-solenoids-37h5yxn6.png Fig. 4: Muon cooling solenoids https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-rd3b-dipole-2947bsbo.png Fig. 3: The RD3b dipole. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-current-bi-2212-cable-3jmjrltl.png Fig. 2: High current Bi 2212 cable. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-control-of-electric-field-domains-in-semiconductor-4ocdh7oomx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnetic-field-dependence-of-theisv-d-curve-t-0-5-k-2h4qwqiu.png FIG. 2. Magnetic-field dependence of theIsV d curve (T 0.5 K). The curves are plotted with a vertical offset (ste 0.5 T). Sketch (a) illustrates inter-LL tunneling at the doma boundary. Sketch (b) shows the formation of a magnetic-fie assisted high-field domain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-current-voltage-curveisv-d-of-the-weakly-coupled-i26f6pqf.png FIG. 1. Current-voltage curveIsV d of the weakly coupled semiconductor superlattice (T 4.2 K). Multiple current peaks reflect the formation of electric-field domains, as illu trated by sketches (a)–(c). The inset shows the electron d velocity as a function of electric field. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-coupling-in-highly-ordered-nio-fe3o4-110-ultrasharp-clgrulpdm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-nio-wedge-on-fe3o4-left-column-peem-1jsh3lhv.png Fig. 3: (color online) NiO wedge on Fe3O4. Left column: PEEM images with line profile position indicated. (A) Fe XMCD (profile not shown), (B) Ni XMCD ratio image, (C) NiO L2 ratio image for s-polarized light. Right column: Thickness-dependent line profile data : D) Depth-profile of MAF (z) (derivative of total XMCD signal). E) Total NiXMCD signal vs. thickness. F) Total Ni-XMLD vs. thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-35ml-nio-on-fe3o4-110-the-contour-plots-2ap3rs02.png Fig. 2: (color online) 35ML NiO on Fe3O4-(110). The contour plots show the calculated L2 asymmetry for every possible direction of the spin (angles θ, φ). Center: compilation-image of PEEM p-contrast (upper half) and s-contrast (lower half). The two domain sets (gray levels) are named I and II. In the contour plots, the corresponding crystallographic directions are labelled. Collinear coupling: [111] for set I and [111] for set II. Conversely for spin-flop coupling, the assignment is [112] for set I and [112] for set II. Only the collinear case matches the experimentally determined contrast, with set II being brighter in s- and slightly darker in p-geometry. Spin-flop coupling would produce the reverse contrast and can thus be excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-two-types-of-strain-induced-af-stacking-22n2qv8j.png Fig. 6: (color online) Two types of strain-induced AF stacking in Fe3O4(110)/NiO. A) the tensile in-plane epitaxial strain of NiO causes out-of-plane compression and stacking (for example along [111] as indicated in the figure). The intersection of the easy planes with the (110)-interface is the [110]-direction. B) A hypothetical in-plane compression along one of the magnetite easy axes causes the spins of NiO to be perpendicular to magnetite, along the intersection of the easy planes and the interface. This case is never realized since the in-plane epitaxial strain is tensile, and moreover the magnetostriction in magnetite is positive along 〈111〉. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-fe3o4-xmcd-microspectra-vertical-line-q4xcla3f.png Fig. 1: (color online) (A) Fe3O4-XMCD microspectra. Vertical line: Energy position for the ratio image. (B) Fe3O4: Ratio image σ+/σ−. The numbers 1-5 represent areas of interest (AOI) for the microspectra. Latin numbers were assigned to classify domains by their easy axes: [111] → (I) and [111] → (II). (C) NiO: XMCD microspectra for a 0.5 and 35ML NiO film. Vertical line: Energy position for ratio image. (D) NiO: XMCD ratio image and magnetization map derived from the spectra (white arrows: Fe3O4 and NiO net magnetization). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-local-nio-xmcd-microspectra-and-sum-rule-1xu28hsi.png Fig. 4: (color online): Local NiO XMCD microspectra and sum rule analysis. The upper panel shows the thickness-dependent spin- (open triangles) and orbital moments (circles), the ratio morb./mspin (open circles) and the sum morb. + mspin. (squares). The spin moment increases up to one monolayer and then stays constant for higher thicknesses, while the orbital moment shows a pronounced maximum near 1ML and then decreases again. The origin of the minimum at 2.3ML is still unclear. It could be caused by the completion of a second monolayer, but it could also be an artifact, since only a single data point is affected. Data points at higher thicknesses show a slightly increasing trend, but within the error margin their values are essentially the same as above 1ML. Assuming an artifact, then morb. is constant for thicknesses greater than 1.5ML. The sum of orbital and spin moment closely resembles the curve already gained from the XMCD line profile, so the pronounced maximum near 1ML is definitely caused by the orbital moment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-enlargement-of-the-slope-area-clearly-in-2k5ox7l8.png Fig. 5: (color online) Enlargement of the slope area. Clearly, in all signals, an enhancement around one monolayer coverage can be observed, although in the Fe-XMCD and the Ni-XMLD the effect is only a few percent. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-antidot-to-dot-crossover-in-co-and-py-nanopatterned-3hmaxr9yk6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-ad-regime-left-xmcd-images-of-the-array-3enz6ai9.png FIG. 8. (Color online) AD regime. Left: XMCD images of the array with p = 200 nm, belonging to the AD regime, with MSD vertical (up), and 45◦ tilted (down). Right: θ map of the magnetization angle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-int-regime-left-xmcd-images-of-the-array-1img5xui.png FIG. 9. (Color online) INT regime. Left: XMCD images of the array with p = 120 nm, belonging to the INT regime, with MSD vertical (up), and 45◦ tilted (down). Right: θ map of the magnetization angle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-left-definition-of-the-geometrical-20splncw.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Left: Definition of the geometrical parameters of the arrays: p, d , deff , and λ. Orange color represents the magnetic material, while black areas are nonmagnetic holes with diameter d , and grey areas are the holes with effective diameter deff . Right: Scheme of the astroid-shaped dots formed by the intersection of the holes in the dot (D) regime, where p < deff . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-antidot-diameter-for-all-the-series-of-arrays-j00ajid1.png TABLE I. Antidot diameter for all the series of arrays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-int-regime-th-r-linescans-in-the-array-scqiir8z.png FIG. 11. (Color online) INT regime. θ (r) linescans in the array withp = 120 nm, which belong to the INT regime. Experimental θ (r) along the line indicated in Fig. 9 has been plotted as open squares. The simulated linescan along the line indicated in Fig. 15(b) is plotted as a continuous line. Circles on top of the graph represent the antidot positions. Holes with d are plotted in dark grey and the FIB damaged ring with deff in light grey. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-series-2-hc-dependence-on-p-of-the-5e0tee0a.png FIG. 12. (Color online) Series 2: HC dependence on p of the antidot arrays on Co and Py are plotted as solid squares and open circles, respectively. The blue, green, and red colors represent data belonging to the AD, INT, and D regimes, respectively. In the inset, HC vs λ−1 is plotted, showing a linear trend for p above the crossover. The function HC ∝ 1/λ, with the obtained deff value [35], is plotted as solid and dashed black lines for cobalt and permalloy, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-ad-regime-th-r-linescans-in-the-array-2lfzot5k.png FIG. 10. (Color online) AD regime. θ (r) linescans in the array with p = 200 nm, which belong to the AD regime. Experimental θ (r) along lines 1 and 2 indicated in Fig. 8 have been plotted as open squares and circles, respectively. Simulated θ (r) along lines 1 and 2 indicated in Fig. 15(a) are plotted as dashed and continuous lines, respectively. Circles on top of the graph represent the antidot positions. Holes with d are plotted in dark grey and the FIB damaged ring with deff in light grey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-period-of-the-arrays-in-series-1-and-series-2-vyqhhh10.png TABLE II. Period of the arrays in Series 1 and Series 2. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-phase-diagram-and-correlation-between-metamagnetism-382zls7qok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-crystal-structure-of-the-unit-cell-of-ru0-9sr2ycu2-1o7-m0m70yaa.png FIG. 5: Crystal structure of the unit cell of Ru0.9Sr2YCu2.1O7.9 determined from neutron powder diffraction measurements at H = 0 Oe. The arrows show the direction of the Ru moments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-square-root-of-intensities-of-0-0-2-nuclear-103zprbf.png FIG. 6: Normalized square root of intensities of (0, 0, 2) nuclear Bragg peak, and ( 1 2 1 2 1 2 ) antiferromagnetic peak (extracted from Gaussian peak fitting) as a function of temperature. The dotted curve shows the fit to the mean-field theory, estimating a Néel temperature of 142.6 K.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2d-contour-plot-of-low-2th-portion-of-the-neutron-285sjsgi.png FIG. 4: 2D contour plot of low-2θ portion of the neutron diffraction pattern measured as a function of temperature without application of magnetic field. The plot shows the (0, 0, 2) nuclear Bragg peak at 2θ = 25.4◦, and the magnetic( 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-log-linear-plot-of-the-magnetic-phase-diagram-of-ru0-8zhoq7ld.png FIG. 3: Log-linear plot of the magnetic phase diagram of Ru0.9Sr2YCu2.1O7.9. The different magnetic states defined are paramagnetic (PM), antiferromagnetic (AFM), and weakferromagnetic (weak-FM). The superconducting state is denoted by SC. The colour gradient represents the gradual spin reorientation as the system progresses from the AFM state to the weak-FM state. Small vertical lines are the markers to show direction of spin orientation as a function of applied field at 10 K. Note that the T -axis starts from 9 K, which also means that Tc does not disappear at the highest field of the measurements of 20 kOe, i.e. the SC ordering is expected to survive at higher magnetic fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-normalized-intensities-of-the-0-0-2-0-0-3-and-1-0-3-1b7mtr14.png FIG. 8: Normalized intensities of the (0, 0, 2), (0, 0, 3) and (1, 0, 3) nuclear Bragg peaks, as well as the ( 1 2 , 1 2 , 1 2 ) magnetic peak of Ru-1212Y at 10 K as a function of the applied magnetic field. The solid lines are the calculated intensities of the (0, 0, 2) and ( 1 2 , 1 2 , 1 2 ) peaks, fitting the respective observed intensities as the Ru spin rotates from 〈0, 0, 1〉 at zero-field to 〈1, 1, 0〉 at 45 kOe, while passing through the direction of propagation (1, 1, 1) at 13 kOe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2d-contour-plot-of-the-low-2th-portion-of-the-neutron-8upfl9gz.png FIG. 7: 2D contour plot of the low-2θ portion of the neutron diffraction pattern measured at 10 K as a function of the applied magnetic field. The plot shows the (0, 0, 2) nuclear Bragg peak, and the magnetic ( 1 2 1 2 1 2 ) and ( 1 2 , 1 2 , 3 2 ) peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-magnetic-structure-of-ru-1212y-with-spin-orientation-2z6tp7xu.png FIG. 9: Magnetic structure of Ru-1212Y with spin orientation as a function of the applied magnetic field at T = 10 K. The solid H-arrow shows the direction of the field. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-fluctuations-and-correlations-in-mnsi-evidence-for-s8pobbyj7x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-q-dependence-of-the-dynamic-linewidth-the-2021a1gw.png FIG. 8. (Color online) q dependence of the dynamic linewidth . The open and closed symbols represent the values at τ111 and τ110, respectively. At the highest temperature (∼31 K), there is excellent agreement with literature (Ref. 5) and Eq. (17b) (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-comparison-of-the-quality-of-fits-for-a-3lycsly2.png FIG. 10. (Color online) Comparison of the quality of fits for a simple Lorentz (dotted line), Gauss (dashed line), and the superposition of a Lorentz and a Gauss (continuous line) at TC + 0.05 K and τ111. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-magnetic-signal-proportional-to-s-q-145ieotb.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Magnetic signal, proportional to S(q), around the τ111. The continuous lines are the best fits: simple Gauss function at TC , superposition of a fluctuating Lorentz (OrsteinZernike), and an elastic Gaussian part at TC < T < TC + 0.2 K and a fluctuating Lorentz function above TC + 0.2 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-logarithm-31bl563j.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the logarithm of the intensity at the position of the helical peak ( τ111 = 0.036 Å−1). An intensity jump of almost one order of magnitude defines the helical transition TC . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-plot-of-the-correlation-lengths-x111-and-1l6fahs9.png FIG. 11. (Color online) Plot of the correlation lengths (ξ111 and ξ110) measured at τ111 and τ110 as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-plot-of-k-measured-at-t111-and-t110-the-1btiqtvd.png FIG. 12. (Color online) Plot of κ measured at τ111 and τ110. The closed symbols are the present work. The open symbols are from Grigoriev et al. (Ref. 9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-plot-of-the-correlation-length-x111-33v8plkv.png FIG. 13. (Color online) Plot of the correlation length ξ111 determined at τ111 versus the reduced temperature on a log-log scale. The continuous line is the best power-law fit ξ = 12 −0.5 Å. The dotted line shows the extrapolated values from the high-temperature TAS work of Ishikawa et al. (Ref. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-principle-of-the-polarimetric-neutron-ihr4wdum.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Principle of the polarimetric neutron spin echo technique. The neutron wavelength information is encoded in the first precession arm between two π/2 flippers. The beam is repolarized before entering the zero-field region of Cryopad. The incident and scattered polarization vectors are set by Cryopad. After scattering, the second precession arm, between two additional π/2 flippers, encodes again the wavelength and the echo is measured after the analyzer. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-field-induced-nonlocal-effects-on-the-vortex-3mi9s9dbnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-numerical-evaluations-of-the-free-energy-9bei0k4v.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Numerical evaluations of the free energy carried out using the Kogan nonlocal theory in the mid-field region and for the twofold symmetric case (Ref. 15). Inset diagrams show the degenerate reciprocal VLs. Filled symbols denote the primitive cell, and empty symbols represent the additional spots required to complete the hexagonal structure. Dashed lines indicate horizontal and vertical symmetry planes. The parameters used for the calculations are the same as those in Ref. 15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-field-dependence-of-the-primitive-2p67ke7i.png FIG. 6. (Color online) The field dependence of the primitive cell opening angle β as calculated using the Kogan theory for the twofold symmetric case. In the mid-field region, we plot only the small-β solution in order to compare with Fig. 4. The reciprocal VL structures are defined by the inset diagrams. The short- and long-dashed lines indicate the crystal symmetry planes for the fourfold case. For the twofold case, only the short-dashed line symmetry planes remain. The parameters used for the calculations are the same as those in Ref. 15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-the-temperature-dependence-of-the-vl-130wkyb2.png FIG. 12. (Color online) The temperature dependence of the VL structure opening angles (a)φ and ν for the LFS and HFS phases respectively, and (b) ρ for the IFS phase. The indicated angles correspond to those in Fig. 1. In both panels, the lines passing through for the data at each field are guides to the eye. Data are shown only for temperatures where the spot position on the detector could be determined accurately. Error bars not visible can be considered of order the size of the data point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-zero-field-in-plane-anisotropies-of-10udtvfs.png FIG. 7. (Color online) The zero field in-plane anisotropies of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 that are expected to influence the VL properties. (a) A schematic of the irreducible quadrant of the first Brillouin zone showing the main Fermi surfaces at kz = 0 (Refs. 70 and 71). (b) The predominantly dx2−y2 order parameter combined with the s-wave admixture suggested by phase-sensitive measurements (Ref. 49). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-color-online-the-temperature-dependence-of-the-form-tbapgq6e.png FIG. 14. (Color online) The temperature dependence of the form factor ratio taken between the different types of Bragg spots at various fields. For the fields of 0.2 T and 8.0 T, taken in the LFS and HFS phases, respectively, the form factor ratio plotted at each temperature is |F (q ‖ a∗)|/|F (q ‖ a∗)|. For the 5.0 T data taken in the IFS phase, the ratio is |F (q ‖ b∗)|/|F (q ‖ b∗)|. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-the-m0h-t-vl-structure-phase-diagram-for-2mxrsr13.png FIG. 15. (Color online) The (μ0H ,T ) VL structure phase diagram for fields applied parallel to the c axis. Circle data points were obtained from measurements of the VL form factor, and correspond to the point where each relevant VL structure is measured to occupy 50% of the sample volume. Diamond data points correspond to estimates of the transition points as determined from structural measurements. The dotted and dashed lines are guides for the eye phase boundary lines determined from the form factor data only. The melting line is deduced from data presented in Ref. 94. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-vl-diffraction-patterns-obtained-at-2-k-2o75r4gm.png FIG. 1. (Color online) VL diffraction patterns obtained at 2 K, and in fields applied parallel to the crystal c axis, of (a) 0.5 T, (b) 5.0 T, and (c) 7.5 T. The axes indicated in (a) apply to all figures. In each image, dashed line patterns indicate the VL structures. Solid lines represent the basis vectors of the primitive cell, with the primitive cell opening angle of (a) φ, (b) ρ, and (c) ν. The images are constructed by summing together the diffraction patterns obtained at a series of angles about the horizontal and vertical axes. This allows the presentation of all the Bragg spots in a single picture. Statistical noise at the center of the patterns has been masked, and the data smoothed with a Gaussian envelope smaller than the instrument resolution. The VL in real space can be visualized by rotating the reciprocal VL by 90◦ and adding an additional vortex at the origin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-angular-dependence-of-the-diffracted-intensity-evadum7e.png FIG. 8. The angular dependence of the diffracted intensity (rocking curve) for the top and bottom Bragg spots of the diffraction pattern shown in Fig. 1(a). The dashed lines are fits of Lorentzian line shapes to the data, and the solid lines indicate the full width at half maximum (FWHM). https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-ordering-and-quantum-statistical-effects-in-4dtuc1ydep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phase-diagram-for-1d-polarized-fermions-with-strong-3hl3bx82.png FIG. 1. Phase diagram for 1D polarized fermions with strong coupling c=10. All figures are in natural units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-susceptibility-h-vs-external-field-h-for-1v637zbr.png FIG. 4. Color online Susceptibility H vs external field H for the Bose-Fermi mixture with n=1 and different values of . The susceptibility is evaluated from Eq. 51 . Infinite divergencies in susceptibility are found at H=0 and H=Hc M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-magnetization-mz-h-vs-external-field-h-2pn4c613.png FIG. 3. Color online Magnetization mz H vs external field H for the Bose-Fermi mixture with n=1 and different values of . The magnetization curves are plotted from Eq. 50 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-diagram-for-the-1d-mixture-of-polarized-fermions-2smj6gle.png FIG. 2. Phase diagram for the 1D mixture of polarized fermions and bosons with strong coupling c=10. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-properties-of-fe-1-x-co-x-2-b-alloys-and-the-effect-476hfcavdn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-total-and-species-resolved-magnetic-1xoj7mue.png FIG. 8. (Color online) Total and species-resolved magnetic moments as functions of x in (Fe1−xCox)2B. Experimental values from Ref. [39], theoretical moments calculated with FPLO treating disorder by the VCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-orbital-magnetic-moment-ml-and-1slkqv6g.png FIG. 7. (Color online) The orbital magnetic moment μL and difference of μL’s for [100] and [001] quantization axes as functions of x in (Fe1−xCox)2B, calculated with FPLO treating disorder by the VCA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-fully-relativistic-fplo-calculations-of-2bfr73vz.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Fully relativistic FPLO calculations of MAE as a function of x and total magnetic moment (μS+L) on 3d atom for (Fe1−xCox)2B. Disorder was treated by the VCA and μS+L were stabilized with fixed spin moment FSM approach. Equilibrium μS+L’s (see Fig. 8) are denoted by black dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-magnetization-curves-of-fe0-7co0-3-2b-1x976nuo.png FIG. 16. (Color online) Magnetization curves of (Fe0.7Co0.3)2B and (Fe0.675Co0.3X0.025)2B single crystals along [100] and [001] (X = Re, Ir). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-leading-3diidvap.png FIG. 17. (Color online) Temperature dependence of the leading anisotropy constants of (Fe0.7Co0.3)2B, (Fe0.675Co0.3Re0.025)2B, and (Fe0.675Co0.3Ir0.025)2B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-room-temperature-xrd-plots-of-fe0-675co0-2ksuyppb.png FIG. 15. (Color online) Room temperature XRD plots of (Fe0.675Co0.3X0.025)2B for X = (a) W, (b) Ir, and (c) Re. Colored lines indicate the Bragg positions of Fe2B phase and CoWB phase in red and blue, respectively. The inset in (a) shows an enlarged region of 17◦–23◦ for W-substituted sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-magnetization-curves-of-a-co2b-and-b-fe2b-3frzv6gx.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Magnetization curves of (a) Co2B and (b) Fe2B single crystals measured along [001] (dashed lines) and [100] (solid lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-mae-and-saturation-magnetization-as-2aghqnru.png FIG. 10. (Color online) MAE and saturation magnetization as functions of x in (Fe1−xCox)2B as calculated with SPRKKR treating disorder by the CPA. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetization-process-of-the-n-type-ferromagnetic-64yuh6dslc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-xas-and-b-xmcd-spectra-of-in-fe-as-compared-with-1dz2shd3.png FIG. 1. (a) XAS and (b) XMCD spectra of (In,Fe)As compared with those of metallic Fe [24] and γ -Fe2O3 [25]. The XAS and XMCD spectra have been normalized so that the peak intensities of XAS are equal to 1. For the (In,Fe)As sample with 10% Fe, the spectra have been decomposed into the intrinsic and extrinsic components as depicted with red dashed and blue dashed curves, respectively. (c) and (d) Fe L3-edge XAS and XMCD spectra of the 10% Fe-doped (In,Fe)As sample at different temperatures and magnetic fields and Fe metal [26]. The XMCD spectra and the XAS spectra of (In,Fe)As have been normalized to their peak height. In order to emphasize weak structures, the second derivative of the XAS spectra with reversed sign are also shown by the gray solid curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-picture-of-the-formation-of-nanoscale-fm-1l8l95xw.png FIG. 4. Schematic picture of the formation of nanoscale FM domains in (In,Fe)As:Be. There exist FM Fe-rich domains and paramagnetic isolated Fe ions. Here, the density of Fe atoms and the size and the number of FM domains reflect the obtained value for the 10% Fe-doped sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-fraction-x-of-fe-atoms-participating-in-2cwr0tmz.png FIG. 3. (a) Fraction x of Fe atoms participating in ferromagnetism or superparamagnetism to all the Fe atoms. (b) Total magnetic moment μ inside one FM/SPM domain, obtained by fitting Eq. (4) to the data. (c) Density of FM/SPM domain N estimated from the fitting parameters x and μ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xmcd-intensities-of-in-fe-as-be-samples-with-5-and-10-7leb1zwh.png FIG. 2. XMCD intensities of (In,Fe)As:Be samples with 5% and 10% Fe doping. (a) and (b) Magnetic field dependence of magnetization deduced from the Fe L2,3-edge XMCD intensities at various temperatures. (c) and (d) The same data as in (a) and (b) plotted against μ0H/T . At the low temperature of 20 K, the magnetization shows a clear deviation from the high-temperature data. In (a)–(d), solid curves represent the fitting curves by the summation of the superparamagnetic Langevin function and the paramagnetic linear function. The paramagnetic components are separately shown by dashed lines. (e) and (f) Slope of the magnetization curves at zero magnetic field against μ0H/T , namely, ΔM/Δ( μ0H T )|H→0 = χT as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-spin-and-orbital-magnetic-moments-of-fe-in-in-fe-as-369jhea0.png TABLE I. Spin and orbital magnetic moments of Fe in (In,Fe)As:Be and Fe metal. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetic-spheres-in-microwave-cavities-3an67te8o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-scattering-efficiency-factor-qsca-as-3sssmhko.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Scattering efficiency factor Qsca as function of normalized magnetic field H0/Ms and frequency ω/2π for a YIG sphere of radius a = 1.25 mm and relative permittivity / 0 = 15 (a) in the center of a spherical cavity of radiusR = 1.6 mm and (b) in the absence of the cavity. Dashed lines indicate the frequency range in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-scattering-efficiency-factor-qsca-plotted-37t7k1z5.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Scattering efficiency factor Qsca plotted as function of normalized magnetic field H0/Ms and frequency ω/2π for a YIG sphere of radius a = 1.25 mm and relative permittivity / 0 = 15 (a) in the center of a spherical cavity of radiusR = 1.6 mm and (b) without cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-panel-a-shows-the-scattering-efficiency-xyctuyen.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Panel (a) shows the scattering efficiency factor Qsca as function of normalized magnetic field H0/Ms and frequency ω/2π for a YIG sphere of radius a = 2 mm and relative permittivity / 0 = 15. Panel (b) shows results for a nonmagnetic dielectric sphere. The character of the microwave modes sufficiently far from the anticrossing with the spin waves is labeled by the spherical harmonic indices (n,m). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-plane-wave-with-wave-vector-k0-coming-in-569e0nsa.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Plane wave with wave vector k0 coming in at an arbitrary angle hits a large spherical cavity modeled by a dielectric spherical shell of radius R, thickness δ, and permittivity c. The spherical cavity is loaded with a magnetic sphere of radius a centered at the origin of the coordinate system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-scattering-intensity-s1-2-as-function-of-34rft5ue.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Scattering intensity |S1|2 as function of scattering angle θ and frequency ω/2π is shown for (a) a dielectric sphere of radius a = 1.25 mm and relative permittivity / 0 = 15 and for (b) the same sphere in a cavity of radius R = 1.6 mm. In (c) the scattering intensity is plotted for the same cavity as function of frequency and loading rate a/R. The dashed lines are guides for the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetocaloric-effect-in-mn-containing-hitperm-type-alloys-1f4wuj0pju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-isothermal-magnetization-curves-for-the-4-2udcdf0n.png FIG. 1. Color online Isothermal magnetization curves for the 4 at. % Mn alloy measured from 303 K up to 733 K with 10 K increments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-magnetic-18eocawu.png FIG. 2. Color online Temperature dependence of the magnetic entropy change for the studied alloys for a maximum applied field of 15 kOe. Lines are a guide for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-exponent-8te7ixgd.png FIG. 4. Color online Temperature dependence of the exponent controlling the field dependence of the magnetic entropy change for a maximum applied field of 15 kOe. Lines are a guide for the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-scaling-behavior-of-the-exponent-n-for-2pr8m22r.png FIG. 5. Color online Scaling behavior of the exponent n for the different studied alloys. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-master-curve-behavior-for-the-magnetic-2gja4nat.png FIG. 3. Color online Master curve behavior for the magnetic entropy change. The arrow indicates the tendency of the data at higher reduced temperatures for the Mn-free alloy. https://scispace.com/papers/magneto-electroacoustic-dynamics-in-a-straintronic-random-3y87vjoqxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-dependence-of-the-auxx-uyyn-strains-averaged-over-35qdqfac.png Fig. 2. Time dependence of the áuxx – uyyñ strains averaged over the film volume (solid lines) for the pulses of the con- trol voltages with amplitude Ui = 0.2 V and duration ti = (a) 1.96 and (b) 0.27 ns (dashed lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-melram-cell-on-pmn-pt-a011n-substrate-a-the-29hz0zcv.png Fig. 1. Model of MELRAM cell on PMN-PT á011ñ substrate. (a) The geometry of the cell. S is a substrate with PMN-PT active cell located on it, F is a magnetostrictive intermetallic film, G is an electrode, and A is a virtual sound-absorbing layer. The magnetization directions corresponding to the “0” and “1” states are indicated. (b) The mutual orientation of the “easy axis” of magnetic anisotropy EA, magnetization vectors M, and magnetizing field H in the plane of the magnetostrictive film. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-dependence-of-angle-ph-between-the-magnetic-u9ubkvk7.png Fig. 3. Time dependence of angle φ between the magnetic moment and magnetizing field at control pulse durations ti = (a) 1.96 and (b) 0.27 ns. The inserts show phase portraits θ(ϕ) of the magnetization movement (a) in the switching mode and (b) in the absence of switching of the magnetic states. https://scispace.com/papers/mahonian-stat-on-words-2xlvagfpun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-permutations-a-p-452631-b-p-462513-and-c-p-p-p-19o6ty11.png Figure 1: The permutations: (a) π = 452631, (b) π′ = 462513, and (c) π′′ = p(π) = 431526. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-permutation-p-452631-s6-in-figure-1-a-is-the-2i57ib66.png Figure 2: The permutation π = 452631 ∈ S6 in Figure 1(a) is the expansion of each of u, v and w. We have that wpart(u) = {{1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}, wpart(v) = {{1}, {2, 3}, {4}, {5, 6}} and wpart(w) = {{1}, {2}, {3}, {4, 5, 6}}; also, ppart(π) = {{1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetoplasmons-of-the-tilted-anisotropic-dirac-cone-2lsvinrahf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-regions-and-subregions-of-the-o-q-1py4dzdk.png FIG. 3. (Color online) The regions and subregions of the (ω,q) plane from the point of view of (a) cone R, and (b) cone L in a particular direction θ = θtilt. (c), (d) Cuts of cones R and L in the same direction. In the direction θ = θtilt + π , the cones L and R are interchanged, such that the panels (a), (c) would correspond to cone L and (b), (d) to cone R. The distinguished energies t,u, momentum k, and asymptotes As1,As2 are indicated. The gray shading indicates the forbidden regions 1B and 3A, where there are no particle-hole excitations in the absence of electron-electron interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-the-first-brillouin-zone-of-a-1xssbn1f.png FIG. 1. Schematic view of the first Brillouin zone of α-(BEDTTTF)2I3. The high-symmetry points, the location of the massive valley (squares), and that of the Dirac cones (dots) are indicated. The arrow from point R indicates the smallest steepness of cone R. Directions in the momentum plane will be related to this angle θtilt. The dashed ellipse around R represents an equipotential contour. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-imaginary-part-of-the-density-density-2th03x4w.png FIG. 4. (Color online) The imaginary part of the density-density response of massless carriers, divided by the density of states at the Fermi energy. The topmost filled Dirac Landau level is nFL = 2, the other parameters are B = 4 T and r = 10. The first two panels consider the cones individually: (a) shows ImχRPAR in the direction of its maximal tilt θtilt (or ImχRPAL in the direction θtilt + π ), and (b) ImχRPAL in the direction θtilt (or Imχ RPA R in the direction θtilt + π ). Panel (c) shows ImχRPAL+R in direction θtilt, which is the response of the total system for electron doping, or for B > B00 ≈ 2.5 T at charge neutrality. The straight lines are the boundaries of regions relevant at B = 0 [cf. Figs. 3(a) and 3(b)]. Notice that in panel (c), we have only depicted the lines ωR/Lres for the two cones, as a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-the-dependence-of-the-upper-hybrid-mode-vuebbst7.png FIG. 5. (Color online) The dependence of the upper hybrid mode of massless Dirac fermions on the background dielectric constant r . We show ImχRPAL in the direction opposite to cone L’s maximal tilt θ = θtilt, for (a) r = 1, (b) r = 4, and (c) r = 7. The physical parameters are the same as in Fig. 4, whose panel (b) depicts r = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-the-static-screening-properties-of-a-bedt-2fptxaj1.png FIG. 9. (Color online) The static screening properties of α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 at charge neutrality. Upper row: B = 4 T, the massive valley is completely filled and inert. Lower row: B = 2 T, the topmost Landau level of the massive valley is empty. Left panels: Reχ (0)(q,0) in s/m2; right panels: Re RPA(q,0). We show several directions in the momentum plane, specified by the angle θ relative to θtilt, the tilting direction of cone R. The gray line in panel (c) shows the polarizability of the massive valley, which is dominant and suppresses any anisotropy due to the tilted Dirac cones if B < B00. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-view-of-the-landau-level-structure-of-the-2x7x3uuk.png FIG. 2. Schematic view of the Landau level structure of the two Dirac cones and the massive valley, with the chemical potential at charge neutrality indicated. (a)B > B00 ≈ 2.5 T, (b)B11 < B < B00, and (c) B B11 ≈ 0.06 T. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-we-show-a-khrpar-b-kh-rpa-l-c-kh-rpa-l-r-1584ky0e.png FIG. 6. (Color online) We show (a) χRPAR , (b) χ RPA L , (c) χ RPA L+R in a fixed direction θ = θtilt + π/2 on the momentum plane. B = 4 T, nFL = 2, r = 10. The lines denote the same boundaries as in Figs. 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-the-same-as-fig-7-but-in-a-hole-doped-39l4fpkz.png FIG. 8. (Color online) The same as Fig. 7, but in a hole-doped sample. The topmost filled massless Landau level is nFL = −2, while among the massive LLs it is nFQ = 13. Other parameters are B = 4 T and r = 10. For notations, cf. Fig. 7. Notice that one of the curves demarcating the particle-hole continuum of the massive valley for B = 0, ωQ− in Eq. (32), is not visible because 2kFQ is outside of the presented momentum range. https://scispace.com/papers/magnetostratigraphy-of-the-lower-triassic-beds-from-chaohu-3yp44w7v70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-381-site-mean-paleomagnetic-results-from-the-west-2wjc7n0s.png Table 1 381 Site-mean paleomagnetic results from the West Pingdingshan section at Chaohu, Anhui Province. 382 383 https://scispace.com/papers/maintenance-repair-and-production-oriented-life-cycle-cost-5geq2vqbc5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-step-wise-procedure-for-glcmc-13y7hc9l.png Figure 6. The step-wise procedure for GLCMC https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-table-including-the-unavailability-and-4igq8d29.png Table 1 Detailed table including the unavailability and repair events for the tanker vessels https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-oil-tanker-ship-repair-data-per-area-examined-34p7mokm.png Table 2 Oil tanker ship repair data per area examined https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-population-inc-32-points-of-unavailability-3cmb0dij.png Figure 3. The population (inc. 32 points) of unavailability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-population-inc-16-points-of-steel-replacement-18ies5ut.png Figure 2. The population (inc. 16 points) of steel replacement https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-results-of-the-scenario-analysis-for-confidence-gau0j18j.png Table 1 Detailed table including the unavailability and repair events for the tanker vessels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sensitivity-analysis-with-respect-to-lightweight-3kt0i6af.png Figure 7. Sensitivity analysis with respect to lightweight with constant DWT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sensitivity-analysis-with-respect-to-the-2kpair5f.png Figure 8. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the maintenance strategy with constant DWT https://scispace.com/papers/maintenance-of-a-narrow-host-range-by-oxyops-vitiosa-a-3wrcck82dy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-gse-percent-survival-a-and-development-time-b-of-3n3uygdy.png Fig. 3. Mean (GSE) percent survival (A) and development time (B) of O. vitiosa neonates to the adult stage when fed leaves from M. cerifera (M. cer.), C. citrina (C. cit.), C. viminalis (C. vim.), or M. quinquenervia (M. quin.). No neonates survived when fed M. cerifera leaves and the percent survival of the larvae fed the other species did not differ significantly. Larval development time to the prepupal (F2,39Z 62.51; P! 0.0001), pupal (F2,39Z 50.77; P! 0.0001), and adult (F2,39Z 30.71; P! 0.0001) stages was greatest for those fed the C. citrina leaves. Bars describing the same stage with the same fill and uppercase letters did not differ significantly according to a Ryan’s Q mean comparison test (PZ 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-percent-gse-concentration-of-all-constituents-3jq9u6ow.png Table 1 Mean percent (GSE) concentration of all constituents identified by GC and GC–MS from flush leaves of M. quinquenervia (nZ 10), C. citrina (nZ 6), C. viminalis (nZ 6), and M. cerifera (nZ 5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-gse-larval-frass-production-across-a-range-of-3esdy2av.png Fig. 5. Mean (GSE) larval frass production across a range of consumption levels by O. vitiosa larvae fed from the third instar to the prepupal stage leaves of one of four plant species. This analysis approximates the digestibility (AD) of leaves from each plant species; as more frass was produced less food was available for digestion. Although the species effect was not significant (PO 0.2), the covariate consumption (F1,40 Z 29.48; P ! 0.0001) was, as was the interaction between the two (F3,40 Z 3.01; P Z 0.0411). The slope of the line for frass produced by larvae fed the M. cerifera leaves was significantly greater (t Z 2.12; PZ 0.0400) than that of larvae fed the M. quinquenervia leaves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-gse-leaf-percent-nitrogen-determined-on-both-dry-hmvjptoo.png Fig. 2. Mean (GSE) leaf percent nitrogen determined on both dry mass (solid bars; F3,35 Z 18.73; P ! 0.0001) and fresh mass (open bars) basis were influenced significantly by plant species. Plant species included M. cerifera (M. cer.), C. citrina (C. cit.), C. viminalis (C. vim.), and M. quinquenervia (M. quin.). Solid bars with the same uppercase letters (dry mass) or open bars with the same lowercase letters (fresh mass) did not differ significantly according to a Ryan’s Q mean comparison test (P Z 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-gse-larval-biomass-gain-across-a-range-of-food-3c0g2z4t.png Fig. 6. Mean (GSE) larval biomass gain across a range of food digestion levels by larvae fed from the third instar to the prepupal stage leaves from one of four plant species. This analysis compares the efficiency of the conversion of digested food (ECD) by larvae fed leaves of different species. The effect species (F3,43 Z 2.62; P Z 0.0627) and the covariate consumption (F1,43 Z 7.76; P Z 0.0079) were both significant, however, the interaction between the two was not (P O 0.3). When the covariate-adjusted biomass gain was compared larvae fed the M. cerifera leaves (21.1G 4.0 mg) were significantly (t Z 2.58; P Z 0.0135) reduced compared with those fed the M. quinquenervia (33.2G 2.4 mg) leaves. https://scispace.com/papers/major-pathologic-findings-and-probable-causes-of-mortality-1u73hk0uwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-causes-of-death-of-127-bottlenose-14cj2e4k.png TABLE 3. Summary of causes of death of 127 bottlenose dolphins from South Carolina. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stranding-locations-of-bottlenose-dolphins-in-south-5msfk81h.png FIGURE 1. Stranding locations of bottlenose dolphins in South Carolina analyzed in the three cause-ofdeath categories. https://scispace.com/papers/making-bertha-drive-an-autonomous-journey-on-a-historic-2bwti38gqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-landmarks-that-are-successfully-associated-between-2l1jummf.png Fig. 7. (a) Landmarks that are successfully associated between the mapping image (top) and online image (bottom) are shown. (b) Detected lane markings (red), sampled map (blue) and corresponding residuals (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-bertha-benz-memorial-route-from-mannheim-to-24fm1k3v.png Fig. 1. The Bertha Benz Memorial Route from Mannheim to Pforzheim (103km). The route comprises rural roads, urban areas (e.g. downtown Heidelberg) and small villages and contains a large variety of different traffic situations as e.g. intersections with and without traffic lights, roundabouts, narrow passages with oncoming vehicles, pedestrian crossings, etc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-overview-of-the-bertha-benz-experimental-3uqudn59.png Fig. 2. System overview of the Bertha Benz experimental vehicle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-excerpt-from-the-behavioral-state-chart-28qo9j7g.png Fig. 8. Excerpt from the behavioral state chart. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-constraints-for-an-oncoming-object-cyan-the-5tkg48g6.png Fig. 10. Constraints for an oncoming Object (cyan). The trajectory is only constrained by polygons of corresponding color. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-preprocessing-of-obstacle-data-respecting-the-run-of-eixivt6b.png Fig. 9. Preprocessing of obstacle data, respecting the run of the driving corridor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-merging-into-traffic-a-top-view-white-indicates-the-30hd4v1w.png Fig. 11. Merging into traffic: (a) Top view, white indicates the ego vehicle, cyan the object vehicle. (b) Top view converted into a 1D arc length representation. (c) Space-time constraint computed by assuming a lower estimate vlow and upper estimate vup for the object vehicle’s speed, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-visual-outline-of-the-stereo-processing-pipeline-dense-1a3vf6os.png Fig. 4. Visual outline of the stereo processing pipeline. Dense disparity images are computed from sequences of stereo image pairs. From this data, the Stixel World is computed, a very compact and efficient intermediate representation of the three-dimensional environment. Stixels are tracked over time for estimating the motion of objects. This information is used to extract both static infrastructure and moving objects for subsequent processing tasks. https://scispace.com/papers/major-douglas-fir-habitat-types-of-central-idaho-a-summary-8hd1a67wzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-habitat-types-and-phases-summarized-in-this-report-1e1ri6tr.png Table 1—Habitat types and phases summarized in this report showing elevational ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-successional-role-of-important-shrub-species-in-2bbrm5qe.png Table 10—Successional role of important shrub species in major Douglas-fir habitat types of east-central Idaho. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-successional-role-of-important-shrub-species-in-1nw1xzlr.png Table 9—Successional role of important shrub species in major Douglas-fir habitat types of west-central Idaho. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-successional-strategies-and-disturbance-responses-324ish8a.png Table 14—Successional strategies and disturbance responses of major herb layer species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-years-required-for-planted-ponderosa-pine-to-reach-4-11fpycc0.png Table 7—Years required for planted ponderosa pine to reach 4^/2 feet in height. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-site-indexes-in-feet-50-year-base-for-major-douglas-1lb1gzwk.png Table 8—Site indexes in feet (50-year base) for major Douglas-fir habitat types in central Idaho. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-successional-role-of-important-herb-layer-species-15r0wijr.png Table 12—Successional role of important herb layer species in major Douglas-fir habitat types of west-centra! Idaho. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-percent-survival-of-planted-ponderosa-pine-by-site-2macq0yh.png Table 6—Percent survival of planted ponderosa pine by site treatment and habitat type^ https://scispace.com/papers/making-government-work-electronic-delivery-of-federal-1u2nzbsogj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-estimated-implementation-costs-for-a-nationwide-3h2lmq5v.png Table 4-3—Estimated Implementation Costs for a Nationwide EBT System https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-ebt-project-status-for-the-food-stamp-program-by-3e74bv9h.png Table 4-1—EBT Project Status for the Food Stamp Program by State https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-8-electronic-commerce-technologies-key-24qfrcyo.png Table 2-8—Electronic Commerce Technologies: Key Characteristics and Selected Applications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-existing-routes-for-long-distance-government-onyjeyc8.png Figure 3-2—Existing Routes for Long-Distance Government Telecommunications https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-illustrative-checklist-for-successful-partnering-w4w2tef0.png Table 5-1—illustrative Checklist for Successful Partnering In Electronic Service Delivery https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-estimated-annual-transaction-costs-for-a-multi-18i9mako.png Table 4-4—Estimated Annual Transaction Costs for a Multi-Program EBT System https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-7-types-of-ebt-system-configurations-key-1tjo2c54.png Table 2-7—Types of EBT System Configurations: Key Characteristics and Selected Applications https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-lllustrative-guidance-to-federal-agencies-on-3qvo4oae.png Table 1-3—lllustrative Guidance to Federal Agencies on Electronic Service Delivery https://scispace.com/papers/making-cytological-diagnoses-on-digital-images-using-the-27zk8umh2m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reference-diagnoses-qtrq9kkg.png Table 1. Reference diagnoses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reference-diagnoses-related-to-topography-1drb3q9l.png Table 2. Reference diagnoses related to topography https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-peritoneal-effusion-in-a-patient-with-chronic-3l31oidd.png Fig. 2. Peritoneal effusion in a patient with chronic pancreatitis misinterpreted as lymphoma by all consultants. There is a monotonous small lymphocytic population with nuclear grooves. Multiplex-PCR showed no evidence of clonality. Papanicolaou stain. Original magnification ×630. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cohens-k-values-for-the-diagnostic-concordance-3sldk5ar.png Table 6. Cohen’s κ-values for the diagnostic concordance between the individual consultants https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-rates-of-the-four-accuracy-parameters-for-each-2bidmjye.png Table 4. The rates of the four accuracy parameters for each of the four consultants https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-rates-of-the-quality-parameters-for-each-of-the-2q0vyfrq.png Table 5. The rates of the quality parameters for each of the four consultants https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-substantiation-of-m-and-b-reference-diagnoses-1q89vbgf.png Table 3. Substantiation of M and B reference diagnoses https://scispace.com/papers/making-higher-education-work-a-comparison-of-discourses-in-3txq63m3ye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-labour-party-and-conservative-party-discourses-in-1ixe2eq8.png TABLE 1 Labour Party and Conservative Party Discourses in Relation to Education (1979–2010) https://scispace.com/papers/making-implicit-assumptions-explicit-in-the-costing-of-4g1rpbd9r7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-and-median-annual-informal-care-costs-by-ocaa-3258vxy1.png Table 5 Mean and median annual informal care costs by OCAa, GRCAb and SRCAc with boot strapped confidence intervals and percentage change from the base-case (2014€) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-informal-care-categories-1zfk1zsj.png Table 1 Informal care categories https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sensitivity-analysis-of-informal-care-costs-by-3m4we22x.png Fig. 1 Sensitivity analysis of informal care costs by different treatment of informal carers not in paid employment with percentage change from the base case [base-case cost = €20,613 (OCA1 using mean wages)] and monetary values using a mean wages and b median wages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sensitivity-analysis-of-informal-care-costs-by-yr7ipvu5.png Fig. 2 Sensitivity analysis of informal care costs by different treatment of household tasks with percentage change from the base case [Base-case cost = €20,613 (OCA1 using mean wages)], monetary values and p values using a provided care to care recipient pre-diagnosis?; b lived with care recipient pre-diagnosis? https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristics-of-hnc-informal-carers-3i0oufdr.png Table 3 Characteristics of HNC informal carers https://scispace.com/papers/making-informed-choices-in-social-care-the-importance-of-1h15shccbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-development-and-implementation-projects-2v4k624c.png Table 3 Development and implementation projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-research-and-investigation-projects-2lwogmqw.png Table 2 Research and investigation projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numbers-of-research-projects-other-evidence-and-3r1oz45c.png Table 1 Numbers of research projects, other evidence and development projects by client group and service type https://scispace.com/papers/making-search-engines-faster-by-lowering-the-cost-of-1dm91gignv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-computing-cost-for-cpu-and-fpga-deployments-in-the-254wiadg.png Figure 12: Computing cost for CPU and FPGA deployments in the cloud in billions of queries per USD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-execution-time-and-throughput-for-the-baselines-26m1thw8.png Figure 11: Execution time and throughput for the baselines and the FPGA designs with multiple NFA-EEs as a function of batch size. All experiments on-premises. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-moving-route-scoring-21-and-mct-to-an-fpga-running-38dyim0i.png Figure 13: Moving Route Scoring [21] and MCT to an FPGA running on the same machine as the Domain Explorer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-several-steps-in-the-creation-of-the-nfa-from-a-3mjro9km.png Figure 2: Several steps in the creation of the NFA from a rule set showing (a) the initial tree; (b) the process of forward path sharing; and (c) the process of backward path sharing. The final NFA will merge the three red and two blue states and corresponding paths in the middle level of (c) through suffix merging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-nfa-processing-element-nfa-pe-overview-2rqyqqel.png Figure 7: NFA Processing Element (NFA-PE) overview. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fpgas-response-time-distribution-evdpmg3m.png Figure 10: FPGA’s response time distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-throughput-comparison-for-the-different-uo07kje4.png Figure 9: Throughput comparison for the different optimisation heuristics on FPGA using one NFA-EE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nfa-evaluation-engine-nfa-ee-overview-3ovrmqm9.png Figure 4: NFA Evaluation Engine (NFA-EE) overview. https://scispace.com/papers/malaysia-and-the-end-of-the-bretton-woods-system-1965-72-5gsd9jn3af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-malaysia-s-reserves-1968-1972-2x48tndx.png Figure 3: Malaysia's Reserves 1968-1972 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-malaysia-s-reserves-1968-2k0xofmz.png Figure 2: Malaysia's Reserves 1968 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-bank-negara-malaysia-reserve-assets-13iiwbvu.png Figure 1. Distribution of Bank Negara Malaysia Reserve Assets March 1964-June 1967 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-share-of-sterling-in-reserves-2a80m26a.png Figure 4: Share of Sterling in Reserves https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-amount-of-sterling-guaranteed-3ncyoayt.png Figure 5: Amount of Sterling Guaranteed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proportion-of-sterling-in-official-reserves-ym76q9de.png Table 1: Proportion of sterling in official reserves https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-malaysias-share-of-sterling-area-sterling-reserves-32y7z7go.png Table 2. Malaysia’s Share of Sterling Area Sterling Reserves https://scispace.com/papers/male-field-crickets-infested-by-parasitoid-flies-express-vgphss75qe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-se-mass-gain-of-noninfested-and-infested-males-k0hns6ae.png Figure 3. Mean ± SE mass gain of noninfested and infested males. Asterisk indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-host-mass-on-the-mass-of-o-ochracea-pupae-u6l70ytb.png Figure 2. Effect of host mass on the mass of O. ochracea pupae. (a) Relationship between host mass on the day of infestation and average pupal mass. (b) Relationship between host mass gain and average pupal mass. Note that regression lines re.ect the general pattern in each graph. We did not include regression lines for the two males that produced four pupae. ♦: two pupae; • : three pupae; ○: four pupae. Values are means ± SE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-a-linear-mixed-model-examining-effects-on-36u4x3mz.png Table 1. Results of a linear mixed model examining effects on the probability of singing in Gryllus lineaticeps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-infestation-with-o-ochracea-larvae-on-18d9qom7.png Figure 1. Effect of infestation with O. ochracea larvae on male singing activity in G. lineaticeps. (a) Proportion of infested and noninfested males that produced song on each of three recording days following infestation. (b) Proportion of time intervals during which infested and noninfested males sang on each of three recording days following infestation. ■: infested males; □: noninfested males. Values are means ± SE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-a-linear-mixed-model-examining-effects-on-2mlhfyy6.png Table 2. Results of a linear mixed model examining effects on male singing activity in Gryllus lineaticeps https://scispace.com/papers/maladie-de-horton-et-atteintes-arterielles-extratemporales-3qix6q4ksa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-observation-1-a-hypercaptation-etagee-du-18fdg-au-3bqnve6u.png Fig. 1. Observation 1 : (a) hypercaptation étagée du 18FDG au niveau des artères sous-clavières, de la crosse aortique, de l'aorte thoracique ascendante et descendante, et de l'aorte abdominale (coupe coronale). L diagnostic d'AGC est confirmé à l'histologie. (b) Normalisation de la TEP, 6 mois après corticothérapie. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observation-3-a-atteintes-des-arteres-carotides-2lok7j8e.png Fig. 3. Observation 3 : (a) atteintes des artères carotides externes et sous-clavières, de l'aorte thoracique et abdominale ainsi que des axes iliofémoraux détectées par la TEP au 18FDG dans un cas de maladie de Horton confirmée après biopsie temporale. (b) Disparition des anomalies métaboliques 6 mois après corticothérapie. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-observation2-a-aspect-tep-evocateur-d-une-arterite-2205a4tx.png Fig. 2. Observation2 : (a) aspect TEP évocateur d'une artérite gigantocellulaire avec hypermétabolisme intense et diffus des artères carotides externes et sous-clavières, du tronc artériel brachio-céphalique, de l'aorte thoracique et abdominale, ainsi que de la crosse aortique. (b) Régression complète des lésions métaboliques 3 mois après corticothérapie. https://scispace.com/papers/management-initiatives-in-support-of-the-soil-quality-of-2jdj3ej65x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pb-content-measured-in-a-fresh-vegetables-and-b-leafy-2kx6t0sd.png Fig. 4: Pb content measured in a) fresh vegetables, and b) leafy vegetables, compared to lead contents measured in soils before the cropping experiments, and regulatory thresholds for vegetables (solid red line, and dotted line for green beans), for the Eglantiers garden; the number and lettering refer to a sub-plot managed by a given gardener. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-as-concentrations-mg-kg-1-in-topsoil-samples-1znnxm1y.png Table 1: As concentrations (mg kg -1 ) in topsoil samples collected at Eglantiers garden (PXRF measurement) (Nantes, France) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pb-concentrations-mg-kg-1-in-topsoil-samples-2kkom03j.png Table 2: Pb concentrations (mg kg -1 ) in topsoil samples collected at a selection of representative sites (PXRF measurement) (Nantes, France) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-summary-of-the-options-adopted-in-8-contaminated-uags-7farm7rb.png Fig. 5: Summary of the options adopted in 8 contaminated UAGs managed by the city of Nantes (France) in the objective of maintaining gardening as much as possible. A partial change of use was sometimes necessary: green space includes ornamental or open space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-various-management-options-applied-at-nantes-8-3quzlffs.png Table 3: Various management options applied at Nantes' 8 contaminated UAGs plus an additional UAG within the urban zone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-methodology-flowchart-used-to-manage-soil-2z2bgfsk.png Fig. 2: Methodology flowchart used to manage soil contamination issues in Nantes' UAGs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-multiple-contaminated-soil-management-14te41ud.png Fig. 6: Example of multiple contaminated soil management options, including NBS for Eglantiers (a) and Oblates (b) UAGs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-studied-gardens-within-the-city-of-2ys64nto.png Fig. 1: Location of the studied gardens within the city of Nantes, with emphasis on geological and historical contexts - allotment gardens requiring specifications on contamination issues are indicated along with historical land use (adapted from Béchet et al., 2016) (geological map 1/50 000, Béchennec, 2007) https://scispace.com/papers/managerial-compensation-regulation-and-risk-in-banks-theory-5bknai1bvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-compensation-structure-and-capital-requirements-32sab9lu.png Table 10: Compensation structure and capital requirements https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimation-results-buy-and-hold-returns-2007-iii-2p9x3p1f.png Table 4: Estimation results: Buy and hold returns 2007:III-2008:IV (BHR_0708) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-ceo-compensations-287uwxyr.png Table 3: Summary Statistics for CEO compensations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decision-tree-for-banker-and-manager-2a61elxs.png Figure 1: decision tree for banker and manager https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-for-the-sample-of-banks-ub9ah1mu.png Table 2: Summary Statistics for the sample of banks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mixed-strategy-equilibriums-rxll7gl0.png Figure 2: Mixed strategy equilibriums https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-compensation-structure-and-deposit-insurance-udmfe38y.png Table 8: Compensation structure and deposit insurance https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ownership-concentration-variable-compensation-and-zz7i67bz.png Table 7: Ownership concentration, variable compensation and performance in the financial crisis https://scispace.com/papers/managing-key-business-to-business-relationships-what-4701mtiu8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trust-and-reliability-1gl70j27.png Table 3 Trust and reliability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dyadic-relationship-success-failure-cycles-2uo4c9wl.png Figure 1. Dyadic Relationship Success & Failure Cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-communication-orcahbgz.png Table 6 Communication https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-flexibility-2ennh76w.png Table 4 Flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-value-exchange-1vc3h593.png Table 2 Value exchange https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mapping-the-overlap-between-supply-chain-and-kam-wx8mogfa.png Table 7 Mapping the overlap between Supply Chain and KAM relationship dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relationship-stability-23qnlbe2.png Table 5 Relationship stability https://scispace.com/papers/managing-the-electricity-gas-interface-current-environment-10r59jry4v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-outages-in-the-northeast-power-coordinating-osljou6t.png Figure 1. Total outages in the Northeast Power Coordinating Council by outage type versus temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-annual-electricity-capacity-additions-in-the-united-2xgjut8p.png Figure 2. Annual electricity capacity additions in the United States by fuel type.2 Includes dates of major events and regulatory changes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-breakdown-of-u-s-natural-gas-consumption-by-end-use-170cl85b.png Figure 4. Breakdown of U.S. natural gas consumption by end use and percentage of electricity generation for natural gas power plants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-u-s-interconnections-competitive-wholesale-2ma2zd8c.png Figure 3. Map of U.S. interconnections, competitive wholesale electricity markets, and natural gas plants with capacity of at least 500 MW https://scispace.com/papers/managing-trade-promotions-in-the-context-of-market-power-3k6qv79zch 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characteristics-of-channel-relationships-o32p444h.png FIGURE 1 Characteristics of Channel Relationships https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linking-trade-promotions-and-outcomes-o5mzkbe2.png FIGURE 2 Linking Trade Promotions and Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-typology-of-retailer-supplier-power-relationships-14veun8d.png FIGURE 3 A Typology of Retailer-Supplier Power Relationships and Recommended Trade Promotions https://scispace.com/papers/manipulations-to-reduce-simulator-related-transient-adverse-50dn7zwrw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-mean-values-and-standard-errors-se-of-2fnidmbr.png Table 1 Summary of the mean values and standard errors (SE) of the physiological measures recorded during simulated driving in the high-SCS and the low-SCS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-upper-images-show-screenshots-of-the-high-scs-left-and-1oag89lc.png Fig. 1 Upper images show screenshots of the high-SCS (left) and low-SCS as participants are seeing them recoded with the scene camera from the head-mounted eye-tracker. In the lower images, the optical flow during 0.04 s (25 frames per second) of the two scenes is shown in gray scale. Optical flow was calculated using Horn and Schunck’s algorithm [21] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bar-plots-of-mean-values-of-the-simulator-sickness-1yte69ac.png Fig. 4 Bar plots of mean values of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire before and after both the high-SCS and low-SCS scene. Left plot represents scores of both genders (N = 20); right plot shows results female (N = 10) and male (N = 10) separately. Error bars represent the standard error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-progress-of-saccade-amplitudes-during-10-min-driving-1e3r5yns.png Fig. 5 Progress of saccade amplitudes during 10-min driving in the simulator. Mean values of each minute was calculated. Shaded area represents the standard error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-progress-of-skin-conductance-during-10-min-driving-in-1wmnao6t.png Fig. 6 Progress of skin conductance during 10-min driving in the simulator, and 1 min before and after immersion. Mean values of each minute was calculated. Shaded area represents the standard error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-linear-correlation-between-the-change-in-ssq-score-and-z5xiw4us.png Fig. 7 linear correlation between the change in SSQ score and the change in saccade amplitudes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-screenshots-of-high-scs-upper-image-and-low-scs-scene-2b9y0zkb.png Fig. 2 Screenshots of high-SCS (upper image) and low-SCS scene. low-SCS scene was optimized with respect to reduce optical flow and contains an independent visual background. Furthermore, brightness of the two lateral projection screens was decreased https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-top-down-view-schematic-of-the-experimental-setup-p1-3-2gofje87.png Fig. 3 top-down view (schematic) of the experimental setup (P1–3: projectors). PC1 controls the dynamic scenario, while PC2 and PC3 render the graphics at 35 Hz. the participant was sitting in the driving simulator’s chassis, which is based on authentic original design https://scispace.com/papers/mandatory-disclosure-of-blockholders-and-related-party-47n6sr4ic3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-beneficial-ownership-and-control-the-challenges-for-1czfv9em.png Table 3: Beneficial Ownership and Control: The Challenges for Policy Makers and Regulators https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-oecd-options-for-obtaining-beneficial-ownership-mv9rto1z.png Table 4: OECD options for obtaining beneficial ownership information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-need-to-disclose-the-ultimate-beneficial-owner-3k2zfeg7.png Figure 2: The need to disclose the ultimate beneficial owner https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-disclosure-thresholds-across-countries-2005-1nkcm6mg.png Table 1: Disclosure thresholds across countries (2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-control-enhancing-mechanisms-in-europe-29vqbg4j.png Table 2: Control Enhancing Mechanisms in Europe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-agency-problems-in-blockholder-systems-bdp9ejy4.png Figure 1: Agency problems in blockholder systems https://scispace.com/papers/manometric-evaluation-of-internal-anal-sphincter-after-1eg3u9dv05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mrp-values-given-as-mean-standard-deviation-in-3f02vo95.png TABLE 2. MRP Values Given as Mean ± Standard Deviation in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Chronic Anal Fissure Before and after Fissurectomy and Anoplasty https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-demographic-characteristics-of-patients-1m6c79wf.png TABLE 1. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Anal Fissure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ultraslow-wave-activity-uswa-gave-as-percentage-in-2djl7xk4.png FIG. 1. Ultraslow wave activity (USWA) gave as percentage in healthy and in patients with chronic anal fissure (CAF) before and after fissurectomy and anoplasty. Fisher test was used for statistical analysis. Statistical results: pre vs healthy, P 4 0.0004; 6 months vs pre, P 4 0.0092, 6 months vs healthy, P 4 0.6390, 12 months vs healthy, P 4 0.3747, 12 months vs pre, P 4 0.0268, 12 months vs 6 months, P 4 1. https://scispace.com/papers/manufacture-of-arbitrary-cross-section-composite-honeycomb-21cde3eu5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-concept-of-kirigami-honeycomb-core-a-basic-folding-258nw87b.png Fig. 1 Concept of kirigami honeycomb core. (a) Basic folding lines diagram. Thick lines: Slits. Fine lines: mountain folding lines. Dashed lines: valley folding lines. (b)–(d) The folding process for realizing a honeycomb shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-3d-folded-honeycombs-and-their-folding-2lfawbwc.png Fig. 2 Examples of 3D folded honeycombs and their folding line diagrams (FLDs). Upper: Tapered honeycomb. Lower: Convex curved honeycomb. Black lines and areas: Slits or cutouts. Gray lines: Folding lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-cured-cfrp-sheets-3hhkiy6c.png Fig. 14 Cured CFRP sheets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-schematic-illustration-of-the-lay-up-1of48xmn.png Fig. 13 Schematic illustration of the lay-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-cross-sections-of-the-honeycomb-shown-in-fig-15-a-2h2od24t.png Fig. A-1 Cross sections of the honeycomb shown in Fig. 15. (a) trace the cross-section. (b) Discretization to dot sequence T, U. (c) Modification methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-2-drawing-fld-from-ai-and-bi-395bc1cc.png Fig. A-2 Drawing FLD from ai and bi. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-definition-of-the-fld-parameters-ai-and-bi-2ch7q7hx.png Fig. 4 Definition of the FLD parameters ai and bi. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-definition-of-the-cross-section-parameters-ti-and-ui-1imzegw0.png Fig. 5 Definition of the cross-section parameters ti and ui. https://scispace.com/papers/manufacturing-complexity-evaluation-at-the-design-stage-for-29bnu8lgom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-modular-test-part-manufacturability-indexes-1cbk39ct.png Table 2. Modular test-part manufacturability indexes. https://scispace.com/papers/many-body-localization-from-dynamical-gauge-fields-h6qbf0h6yw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-quench-dynamics-of-a-entanglement-entropies-and-b-the-1usx8geq.png FIG. 6. Quench dynamics of (a) entanglement entropies and (b) the staggered magnetization defined in Eq. (26) from an initial product state illustrated in the inset of (b). Both the von Neumann entropy Sv and the Rényi entropy SR are plotted in logarithmic timescale. Here, t actually stands for dimensionless 4tU in terms of original parameters. The system size is L = 10 and the size of subsystem A is LA = 5. The simulation is performed at (g, h) = (0.2, 1.0) which is shown to be inside the MBL regime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-von-neumann-entanglement-entropy-sv-as-a-function-91c03757.png FIG. 4. The von Neumann entanglement entropy Sv as a function of subsystem size LA averaged over eigenstates within a small energy window [E ,E + E ], where E = −1 and E = 0.1, at (a) (g, h) = (1.0, 0.2) and (b) (g, h) = (0.2, 2.0). Data for system sizes L = 8, 10, 12, and 14 are presented, and error bars stand for one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-quench-dynamics-of-a-entanglement-entropies-and-b-the-2n15atob.png FIG. 5. Quench dynamics of (a) entanglement entropies and (b) the staggered magnetization defined in Eq. (26) from an initial product state illustrated in the inset of (b). Both the von Neumann entropy Sv and the Rényi entropy SR are plotted. Here t actually stands for dimensionless 4tU in terms of original parameters. The system size is L = 10 and the size of subsystem A is LA = 5. The simulation is performed at (g, h) = (1.0, 0.2) which is shown to be inside the ETH regime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-our-model-contains-two-chains-with-staggered-double-9x8kx8oa.png FIG. 1. Our model contains two chains with staggered double wells denoted by the solid blue and red bonds. The blue chain consists of a and f atoms, and the red chain is loaded with b and d atoms. Although for illustration purposes two chains are drawn separated in space, they, in reality, should overlap spatially to allow for interaction between atoms at the same site. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-value-of-r-defined-in-eq-25-as-a-function-of-g-for-3jr9jcrj.png FIG. 3. The value of r, defined in Eq. (25), as a function of g for system sizes L = 8, 10, 12, and 14 at (a) h = 0.2 and (b) h = 2.0. The error bar stands for one standard deviation when averaging over symmetry sectors. The two dashed black lines are r = 0.39 and 0.53 lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-summary-of-four-metrics-to-distinguish-a-thermal-eth-1c7vs1es.png FIG. 2. Summary of four metrics to distinguish a thermal (ETH) phase from a MBL phase: (i) r, which is a quantity characterizing level statistics of eigenstates and is defined by Eq. (25); (ii) subsystem size LA dependence of the entanglement entropy S of an eigenstate with nonzero energy density; (iii) time evolution of the entanglement entropy of subsystem A after a quench from a product state of different sites in linear timescale (left panel) and logarithmic timescale (right panel); (iv) time evolution of a physical observable Ô after a quench from a generic initial state. https://scispace.com/papers/map3s-precipitation-chemistry-network-fifth-periodic-summary-oeiogibotk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-monthly-rainfall-events-and-deposition-weighted-1x3cvhwq.png TABLE 11. Monthly Rainfall, Events and Deposition-Weighted Average Concentrations for 1981 Site = Lewes, DE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-map3s-and-usg-i-reported-values-1k74bdtt.png FIGURE 3. Comparison of MAP3S and USG~i Reported Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-1vp2aeor.png TABLE 18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-map3s-precipitation-chemistry-network-rain-gauge-2o2pcceb.png TABLE 3. MAP3S Precipitation Chemistry Network Rain Gauge Data "'~ITFFACF .J A fc 19>'1 "'OIJQLY PPECJPIUTI(lN 4M01.1NTS ( c '~) https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-network-site-details-a-onjqim17.png TABLE 19 NETWORK SITE DETAILS(a) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemistry-data-for-1981-1qyhjelu.png TABLE 2. Chemistry Data for 1981 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-annual-rainfall-events-and-3bfculmq.png TABLE 14. Annual Rainfall, Events, and https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-monthly-rainfall-events-and-deposition-weighted-3inr98cg.png TABLE 7. Monthly Rainfall, Events and Deposition-Weighted Average Concentrations for 1981 Site= Penn State https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-citizens-identification-with-the-eu-4jnhnr2eyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conditional-probabilities-of-cluster-membership-for-1ky3ayzx.png Table 3. Conditional probabilities of cluster membership for contextual level covariates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conditional-probabilities-of-cluster-membership-for-1gqscftf.png Table 2. Conditional probabilities of cluster membership for individual level covariates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distribution-of-responses-for-some-indicators-in-the-325wr9jy.png Table 5. Distribution of responses for some indicators in the nine case study regions and overall Europe (percentages) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-case-study-regions-socio-economic-characteristics-3i9q6afu.png Table 4. Case study regions, socio-economic characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profile-table-at-individual-level-cluster-size-and-1xurira7.png Table 1. Profile table at individual level: cluster size and cluster specific marginal probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-posterior-probabilities-of-cluster-membership-by-32f47mf1.png Table 6. Posterior probabilities of cluster membership, by case study regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ranking-of-the-case-study-regions-according-to-their-syofx1do.png Table 7. Ranking of the case study regions according to their level of identification https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-nature-based-marine-flooding-risk-using-vhr-wave-rcu2ortexs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-overview-of-the-study-site-b-location-of-the-19-3mnclij2.png Figure 1. (a) Overview of the study site. (b) Location of the 19 pressure sensors on the study site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nature-based-marine-flooding-risk-index-mapping-3b08se95.png Figure 4. Nature-based marine flooding risk index mapping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-buildings-height-index-mapping-b-spatially-5fjb3ssx.png Figure 3. (a) Buildings' height index mapping, (b) Spatially-explicit model of the Hm0 attenuation (in % per meter) induced by the coastal eco-geo-systems, (c) Buildings' adaptive capacity index mapping, (d) Buildings' vulnerability index mapping. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-buildings-distance-to-shoreline-index-mapping-b-31spggr6.png Figure 2. (a) Buildings' distance to shoreline index mapping, (b) Buildings' elevation index mapping, (c) Buildings' exposure index mapping. https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-palliative-care-provision-in-european-prisons-an-4s7j8h7u0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-deaths-from-natural-and-non-natural-causes-1bp7zsn1.png Table 2: Deaths from natural and non-natural causes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-healthcare-services-provided-in-prison-kkf6l3r7.png Table 1: Types of healthcare services provided in prison https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-requests-for-compassionate-release-1ix8dbyr.png Table 4: Requests for compassionate release https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prison-population-trends-and-projections-263u5hai.png Table 3: Prison population trends and projections https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-peasant-discontent-trespassing-on-manorial-land-in-40l9tbsl5s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequent-trespassers-walsham-1316-45-and-1369-98-3dto0cbb.png TABLE 3: FREQUENT TRESPASSERS, WALSHAM 1316-45 AND 1369-98 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-most-frequently-recorded-locations-for-trespass-and-3w0w38us.png TABLE 4: MOST FREQUENTLY RECORDED LOCATIONS FOR TRESPASS AND DAMAGE TO DEMESNE LANDS, WALSHAM, 1316-45 AND 1369-98 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-qualm-typetot-peyntour-and-patel-families-holdings-3gnsqgct.png FIGURE 7: QUALM, TYPETOT, PEYNTOUR AND PATEL FAMILIES HOLDINGS AND DAMAGE TO DEMESNE LANDS, 1316-1398 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-court-cases-associated-with-the-landscape-at-33l5wi1f.png TABLE 1: TOTAL COURT CASES ASSOCIATED WITH THE LANDSCAPE AT WALSHAM, 1316-45 AND 1369-98 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-group-damage-committed-by-the-qualm-typetot-and-1xgn2dxy.png TABLE 6: GROUP DAMAGE COMMITTED BY THE QUALM, TYPETOT AND PATEL FAMILIES AND THEIR NEIGHBOURS https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-locations-of-all-identified-trespass-on-and-c8e02qjf.png TABLE 5: THE LOCATIONS OF ALL IDENTIFIED TRESPASS ON AND DAMAGE TO DEMESNE LANDS, WALSHAM, 1316-45 AND 1369-98 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-group-activity-at-walsham-1316-1345-and-1369-1398-3fcfpp2e.png TABLE 2: GROUP ACTIVITY AT WALSHAM, 1316-1345 AND 1369-1398 https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-the-expanding-and-fracturing-field-of-architecture-4qsflsyk9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-changing-professional-roles-1955-2015-source-author-1c633qmw.png Table 1. Changing professional roles, 1955-2015 (Source: Author) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-field-of-architecture-ca-1995-showing-1qae7101.png Figure 3. The field of architecture, ca.1995 showing traditional norms (grey) & established practice roles with emergent types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-field-of-architecture-ca-1975-showing-otpcfm3n.png Figure 2. The field of architecture, ca.1975 showing traditional norms (grey) & established practice roles with emergent types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-field-of-architecture-ca-1955-showing-1iatuj3v.png Figure 1. The field of architecture, ca.1955 showing traditional norms (grey) & established practice roles with emergent types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-field-of-architecture-ca-2015-showing-3nktl3g6.png Figure 4. The field of architecture, ca.2015 showing traditional norms (grey) & established practice roles with emergent types https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-the-steroid-response-to-major-trauma-from-injury-to-2wqnl7fzqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consort-diagram-a-recruitment-process-and-b-g7fwb9tm.png Figure 1. Consort diagram. (A) recruitment process and (B) subgroup selection for analysis for sixty male survivors of severe injury (NISS>15) under 50 years of age who had not been given exogenous steroids were analysed. https://scispace.com/papers/mapping-the-future-of-cross-border-mergers-and-acquisitions-7lcdgkwmmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-example-of-stages-of-analysis-and-levels-of-14p47q6z.png Table II: Example of stages of analysis and levels of acquisition https://scispace.com/figures/table-xiii-research-findings-and-trends-1qq71ciq.png Table XIII: Research Findings and Trends https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-focal-units-of-analysis-identified-keywords-17tox2m3.png Table VIII: Focal units of analysis identified keywords https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-methodological-approaches-identified-keywords-2uo5udxd.png Table VI: Methodological approaches identified keywords https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-international-activities-identified-keywords-39wzvzx2.png Table VII: International Activities identified keywords https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-overview-of-most-frequent-source-journals-according-361pz13o.png Table IV: Overview of most frequent source journals according to the Journal of Citation ReportClarivate Analytics rank. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-descriptors-that-represent-the-poles-of-the-axes-3ahbw59w.png Table XI: Descriptors that represent the poles of the axes https://scispace.com/figures/table-xii-descriptors-frequency-and-notable-references-of-1lbfjkt2.png Table XII: Descriptors frequency and notable references of identified descriptors (*) https://scispace.com/papers/margot-dynamic-iot-resource-discovery-for-hadr-environments-1ybmp0xpxy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-margot-architecture-2343l10s.png Fig. 1. The MARGOT Architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-http-discovery-in-milliseconds-2qoruv8a.png Fig. 4. HTTP discovery (in milliseconds). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mqtt-discovery-time-in-milliseconds-1h1wp82p.png Fig. 3. MQTT discovery time (in milliseconds). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coap-discovery-time-in-milliseconds-2yitirjq.png Fig. 2. CoAP discovery time (in milliseconds). https://scispace.com/papers/market-power-in-music-retailing-the-case-of-wal-mart-5dnngms0f1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-market-share-of-music-distribution-channels-1989-to-33i8kk8c.png Table 1 Market Share of Music Distribution Channels, 1989 to 2003, Based on Manufacturers’ Shipments at Suggested List Prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-us-music-store-closings-and-bankruptcies-in-275ck0ke.png Table 2 Some US Music Store Closings and Bankruptcies in Recent Years https://scispace.com/papers/market-access-liberalisation-in-the-doha-round-scenarios-and-2xzdo6avi7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3-highest-tariff-equivalents-of-all-instruments-by-2b19iz51.png Table 2.3: Highest tariff equivalents of all instruments, by importing region, exporting region and sector (1999) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-main-macro-economic-results-scenario-b-uniform-31m5rrdo.png Table 5.2: Main macro-economic results, scenario (b) ("uniform, except peaks") https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-main-macro-economic-results-scenario-a-uniform-clqdn0yl.png Table 5.1: Main macro-economic results, scenario (a) ("uniform") https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-tariff-equivalents-50-99-by-importing-and-2g8rnb9f.png Table 2.4: Tariff equivalents [50%, 99%] by importing and exporting region and sector (1999) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-main-macro-economic-results-scenario-d-evening-out-1hlvuxgs.png Table 5.4: Main macro-economic results, scenario (d) ("evening out, smoother for developing countries") https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-ad-valorem-and-specific-duties-in-the-triad-1999-smrcek8a.png Table 2.1: Ad valorem and specific duties in the Triad (1999) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hypothetical-tariff-reductions-in-the-four-3avih6i3.png Figure 1: Hypothetical tariff reductions in the four scenarios (for manufacturing) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-number-of-tariff-quotas-1999-average-iqtr-and-oqtr-3gjwl426.png Table 2.2: Number of tariff quotas (1999), average IQTR and OQTR and anti-dumping duties in the Triad https://scispace.com/papers/market-value-margin-calculations-under-the-cost-of-capital-1tmykbpspj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bel-and-mvm-for-the-data-set-given-in-table-3-when-20g6fntr.png Table 2: BEL and MVM for the data set given in Table 3 when cash-flows are discounted or not. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cumulative-payments-ci-j-j-l-0xi-l-i-j-17-bvun4dqx.png Table 3: Cumulative payments Ci,j = ∑j l=0Xi,l, i+ j ≤ 17 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prior-parameters-phj-s-2-j-and-standard-deviation-1fltuwxr.png Table 1: Prior parameters (φj , s 2 j ) and standard deviation parameters σ 2 j of the Bayesian log-normal chain ladder model https://scispace.com/papers/material-basis-and-mechanism-of-chansu-injection-for-covid-5cz2ly5dyw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ppi-diagram-and-filtration-of-the-core-targets-2jnt26bv.png Figure 5: PPI diagram and filtration of the core targets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-core-targets-of-chansu-injection-3cbruzii.png Table 1: Core targets of Chansu injection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-go-enrichment-analysis-1rqcifhe.png Figure 6: Results of GO enrichment analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-results-of-kegg-enrichment-analysis-5wrkytlz.png Figure 7: Results of KEGG enrichment analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-diagram-of-the-molecular-docking-efficiency-3q35czge.png Figure 8: Diagram of the molecular docking efficiency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-study-9mgt80we.png Figure 1: Flowchart of the study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-molecular-docking-of-chansu-injection-to-3cl-3f3ph1ut.png Figure 9: Molecular docking of Chansu injection to 3CL protease, ACE2, RdRp, and spike protein. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-network-diagram-of-the-drug-target-disease-2t6h389x.png Figure 4: Network diagram of the drug-target-disease. https://scispace.com/papers/mass-gap-problem-solution-in-the-superfluid-quantum-space-4ye9o8hgxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-increase-in-frequency-increases-delta-energy-2amtcppu.png Figure 2. An increase in frequency increases delta energy density and keeps the same volume. https://scispace.com/papers/materiality-vs-expressivity-the-use-of-sensory-vocabulary-in-26l9n2zjqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-derivation-with-cv-cv-kil-2a249kvq.png Table 1 Derivation with CV-CV-kil. https://scispace.com/papers/mass-estimators-for-flattened-dispersion-supported-galaxies-3gxzotxmvf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-the-observed-half-light-radius-2ygujyip.png Figure 3. Relationship between the observed half-light radius and the radius used in our mass estimator formula. An ellipsoid is observed at spherical polar angles J j,( ) with respect to its intrinsic Cartesian coordinates x y z, ,( ) aligned with the principal axes. The resulting projection is an ellipse (shown below) with major-axis length Rh that lies in the ¢ ¢x y,( ) plane of the observed Cartesian coordinate system ¢ ¢ ¢x y z, ,( ). Above the ellipsoid, we show the sphere with the equivalent volume as the ellipsoid. The major axis of the ellipse is related to the major axis of the ellipsoid by the factor f1 1, which is shown in the lower two panels for a prolate spheroid with = =p q 0.5 (left) and an ellipsoid with axis ratios p=0.85 and q=0.5 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spheroidal-mass-profile-for-a-stellar-plummer-3dqx0ae9.png Figure 2. Spheroidal mass profile for a stellar Plummer profile embedded in a double power-law dark-matter halo with varying outer slope β, inner slope γ, and scale radius rDM. All models have the same luminosity-averaged LOS velocity dispersion and half-light radius Rh. The masses are normalized with respect to the Wolf mass estimate. The default parameters are g = 1, b = 3 (NFW), and =r R 1s h . The black points show the results of two mass estimators and the vertical dashed line shows the point of minimum variance in the logarithm of the mass for each set of curves. The spheroidal mass estimates using the mass estimator proposed in this Letter are given for an edge-on oblate (q=0.6, orange triangles) and edge-on prolate model ( = =p q 0.6, pink triangles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ratio-of-the-mass-within-the-half-light-ellipsoid-2j36pk8l.png Figure 5. Ratio of the mass within the half-light ellipsoid to the mass estimated from the spherical mass estimator (Walker et al. 2009; Wolf et al. 2010) using https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-constant-cx-in-the-spherical-mass-estimator-formula-1wv585gp.png Figure 1. Constant Cx in the spherical mass estimator formula against the ratio of the dark-matter scale radius to the stellar half-light radius for a Plummer model embedded in an NFW (upper panel) and cored isothermal (lower) halo. The blue inverted triangles show Cx at the radius =r Rh, for which Walker et al. (2009) advocate a value of =C 2.5x (shown with a solid blue horizontal line). The green triangles show the Cx at the radius =r R 4 3 h , for which Wolf et al. (2010) advocate a value of =C 4x (green line). The bands show the uncertainties from Campbell et al. (2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mass-estimator-constant-for-the-half-light-15xo513k.png Figure 4. Mass estimator constant for the half-light ellipsoid against the flattening q for Plummer models embedded in equivalently flattened NFW halos. The top panel shows an oblate model, the middle panel a prolate model, and the bottom panel a triaxial model with = +p q11 https://scispace.com/papers/mathematical-analysis-of-nonlinear-bonded-joint-models-3ig49t88mi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-configuration-of-the-single-lap-joint-at-equilibrium-3vopvlgb.png Fig. 8. Configuration of the single lap joint at equilibrium (isovalues represent the strain E11). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparisons-between-the-limit-and-complete-model-saint-19hkr9s0.png Fig. 7. Comparisons between the limit and complete model (Saint Venant–Kirchhoff case). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stress-s-33-associated-to-wsv-e-sv-to-wcg-e-cg-and-to-2qqbitjb.png Fig. 3. Stress σ±33 associated to W̆SV(E) [(SV )], to W̆CG(E) [(CG)] and to W̆SV(e) [Hooke]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bonded-assembly-a-the-physical-problem-e-b-the-19tulxx7.png Fig. 1. Bonded assembly: (a) the physical problem (Ωε), (b) the rescaled problem (Ωtr ≡ Ω). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-material-characteristics-1prkcq47.png Table 1. Material characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-single-lap-joint-h-3-mm-l1-60-mm-l2-120-mm-l3-30-5w4rw2vc.png Fig. 4. The single-lap joint: h = 3 mm, l1 = 60 mm, l2 = 120 mm, l3 = 30 mm, adhesive thickness εh = 0.3 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-strain-energies-i0m-associated-to-wsv-e-sv-to-wcg-e-cg-3tz3bc22.png Fig. 2. Strain energies I0Ωm associated to W̆SV(E) [(SV )], to W̆CG(E) [(CG)] and to W̆SV(e) [Hooke]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-jump-u1-along-the-line-g-60-x2-0-3he988jw.png Fig. 5. Jump [u1] along the line γ = (60, x2, 0). https://scispace.com/papers/materials-and-processes-issues-in-fine-pitch-eutectic-solder-2537lkqdjs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-bump-shear-results-the-effects-of-varying-the-bump-9pxujdal.png Fig. 12. Bump shear results: The effects of varying the bump diameter and shearing height. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-laser-surface-imaging-profile-of-wafer-fixture-i-1fzzay1q.png Fig. 8. Laser surface imaging profile of wafer fixture I: Surface variation of wafer in pocket drawn down by vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-squeegees-in-action-to-roll-the-paste-and-fill-the-3s5mo0b7.png Fig. 7. Squeegees in action to roll the paste and fill the stencil aperture: the effect of the materials and design of the squeegees on the print quality and yield (a) rubber squeegee and (b) metal squeegee. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-solder-bump-formation-a-sem-micrograph-of-solder-1lcvrjcv.png Fig. 11. Solder bump formation: (a) SEM micrograph of solder balls on Ni UBM of 150- m pitch and (b) cross-sectional view of a 80- m diameter bump. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-laser-surface-imaging-profile-of-wafer-fixture-ii-fa9y3hhk.png Fig. 10. Laser surface imaging profile of wafer fixture II: Surface variation of wafer in pocket drawn down by vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evaluation-of-bumping-by-stencil-printing-on-wafers-2f6w8cy5.png Fig. 9. Evaluation of bumping by stencil printing on wafers type A with wafer fixture I: A smear paste area was identified causing poor quality of paste deposition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-details-of-test-chip-designs-pad-pitch-layout-3hlw1dhz.png Fig. 1. Details of test chip designs: pad pitch, layout, materials, and opening. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-two-types-of-wafer-used-for-the-trials-30rlpfj2.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF TWO TYPES OF WAFER USED FOR THE TRIALS https://scispace.com/papers/mathematical-analysis-of-the-transmission-dynamics-of-hiv-2zstk6j6x9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stability-of-the-endemic-equilibrium-pointe1-for-r0-1-210nehoo.png Fig. 3: Stability of the endemic equilibrium pointE1 for R0=1.460919. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stability-of-the-disease-free-equilibrium-pointe0-for-2fhw7dyg.png Fig. 2: Stability of the disease-free equilibrium pointE0 for R0= 0.939145. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sensitivity-ofsm-im-am-af-af-s-for-different-values-of-1qald3gn.png Fig. 7: Sensitivity ofSm, Im,Am,Af ,Af s for different values of β2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-phase-portrait-of-endemic-equilibrium-pointe1-in-29phujnz.png Fig. 4: The phase portrait of endemic equilibrium pointE1 in Sm− Im plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-phase-portrait-of-endemic-equilibrium-pointe1-in-3f58hfup.png Fig. 5: The phase portrait of endemic equilibrium pointE1 in Sf − I f plane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transfer-diagram-of-the-model-1-1-1mecs2y3.png Fig. 1: Transfer Diagram of the Model (1.1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-phase-portrait-of-endemic-equilibrium-pointe1-in-1r7eg7p6.png Fig. 6: The phase portrait of endemic equilibrium pointE1 in Sf s− I f s plane. https://scispace.com/papers/mathematical-model-of-chlorella-minutissima-utex2341-growth-5ao9jf5omx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-microalgae-growth-lipid-content-and-glycerin-1lzy4dvm.png Fig. 1 Microalgae growth, lipid content and glycerin consumption during the time of incubation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-experimental-data-and-calculated-values-398ts59m.png Fig. 3 Comparison of experimental data and calculated values of biomass, lipid and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-composite-scaled-sensitivity-analysis-1di7s699.png Fig. 2 Composite scaled sensitivity analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-parameters-used-in-the-model-15ms1dwf.png Table 1 Values of parameters used in the model. https://scispace.com/papers/mathematical-structure-of-a-bilevel-strategic-pricing-model-btjwiodrld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-market-structure-3dscxdgi.png Figure 2: Market structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-market-structure-for-the-montreal-shanghai-example-bw3jn4ra.png Figure 3: Market structure for the Montreal - Shanghai example https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flight-structure-for-the-montreal-shanghai-market-3f7sq3nx.png Table 1: Flight structure for the Montreal – Shanghai market (prices in $CAN) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-flight-market-2dwv5oyl.png Figure 1: Structure of the flight market https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-of-the-market-structure-176n5b4e.png Figure 4: Sensitivity of the market structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-price-sensitivity-of-demand-function-duj0yt4o.png Table 2: Price sensitivity of demand function https://scispace.com/papers/mating-induced-male-death-and-pheromone-toxin-regulated-1ezqqpuj9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-grouped-c-elegans-males-live-shorter-due-to-male-2uoacz6c.png Figure 5. Grouped C. elegans males live shorter due to male pheromone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simplified-model-of-how-mating-and-male-pheromone-365ljwcf.png Figure 8. Simplified model of how mating and male pheromone affect lifespan in C. elegans hermaphrodites (upper left); C. remanei females (upper right); C. elegans males (lower left); C. remanei males (lower right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-only-c-elegans-is-sensitive-to-male-pheromones-3iu0jj6i.png Figure 6. Only C. elegans is sensitive to male pheromone’s toxicity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-lifespan-of-chinese-emperors-wo9jmbqh.png Figure 7. Average lifespan of Chinese emperors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mating-induced-early-death-in-males-is-conserved-2tcoz5w9.png Figure 4. Mating-induced early death in males is conserved. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-microarray-analysis-reveals-vitellogenins-role-in-2va95d8n.png Figure 3. Microarray analysis reveals vitellogenin’s role in male post-mating death. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-male-post-mating-shrinking-death-is-vrr3o9sl.png Figure 2. Male post-mating shrinking death is germlinedependent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-c-elegans-males-shrink-and-die-early-after-mating-1gtw0m8n.png Figure 1. C. elegans males shrink and die early after mating. https://scispace.com/papers/maximum-mutual-information-vector-quantization-of-log-msprep0ds7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ber-comparison-between-vq-and-sq-rayleigh-fading-yef2nqlf.png Figure 2: BER comparison between VQ and SQ, Rayleigh-fading channel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-on-the-left-samples-t-t-scatter-points-regions-ri-25ms68db.png Figure 1: On the left, samples t ∈ T (scatter points), regions Ri and reconstruction points y (white circles) in case of 4-PAM with Rayleigh-fading channel and on the right capacity comparison between VQ and SQ https://scispace.com/papers/mcc-osgi-an-osgi-based-mobile-cloud-service-model-4xfx3e3xu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-memory-consuming-302670az.png Figure 12. Memory consuming. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-felix-starting-time-when-increasing-the-number-of-1m3dy735.png Figure 8. Felix starting time when increasing the number of bundles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mobicloud-configuration-3jq403q4.png Figure 6. MobiCloud configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-application-example-17xdykob.png Figure 7. The application example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-execution-times-with-bundles-variation-39r95zuu.png Figure 9. Execution times with bundles variation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-remote-bundle-invocation-2wwc2wk8.png TABLE I. REMOTE BUNDLE INVOCATION. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-execution-times-with-dependencies-variation-16mz3nsj.png Figure 10. Execution times with dependencies variation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mcc-osgi-in-mobicloud-2fmzytq6.png Figure 1. MCC-OSGi in MobiCloud. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-based-threat-aware-drone-base-station-deployment-1gzwbs79fo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-probability-of-dbss-not-being-hit-performance-2go5t7jx.png Figure 8. Probability of DBSs not being hit performance versus number of drone shooters. DBS altitude is 700m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-parameters-3a67k84h.png Table 1. Simulation parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-placement-of-the-ith-soldier-in-reference-to-the-k-3lt6mpe8.png Figure 2. Placement of the ith soldier in reference to the k th group leader. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-number-of-unserved-soldiers-with-respect-to-28mq08eb.png Figure 7. The number of unserved soldiers with respect to probability of DBSs not being hit. The results are obtained for the altitude range [500m-900m]. The results show that our proposed fast algorithm strikes a good trade-off. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-results-for-dbs-altitudes-of-600-m-and-2a9e8cer.png Table 2. Performance results for DBS altitudes of 600 m and 800 m. The close results of CLogEP and CLogKP suggest that our proposed position estimator works efficiently. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-number-of-unserved-soldiers-performance-versus-3ewr3bbj.png Figure 5. The number of unserved soldiers performance versus DBS altitudes. Proposed TACEP has a performance almost equal to KCEP and very close to ClogEP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-of-dbss-not-being-hit-performance-362k0j1c.png Figure 6. Probability of DBSs not being hit performance versus DBS altitudes. Proposed TACEP has a significantly better performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-system-model-2dmxf4a2.png Figure 1. System model. https://scispace.com/papers/mean-field-phase-diagram-of-the-extended-bose-hubbard-model-4646g5fxy8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-density-r-as-a-function-of-the-chemical-potential-u-qfdewpjn.png Figure 9. Density ρ as a function of the chemical potential µ for U∞/U0 = 0.555, zt/U0 = 0.320. The vertical bar marks a jump in the ρ(µ) curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-density-r-as-a-function-of-the-chemical-potential-u-ev7q7lll.png Figure 7. Density ρ as a function of the chemical potential µ for U∞/U0 = 0.87, zt/U0 = 0.66. The vertical bar marks a jump in the ρ(µ) curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-imbalance-th-and-superfluid-order-parameter-ph-for-2xhbpojs.png Figure 11. Imbalance |θ| and superfluid order parameter ϕ for cuts of the phase diagram 5 with a constant density of ρ = 1. The vertical dashed lines show the phase transition points. The phases are indicated by the labels above the plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-c-density-r-as-a-function-of-the-chemical-potential-212rnt2a.png Figure 8. (c) Density ρ as a function of the chemical potential µ for U∞/U0 = 0.45, zt/U0 = 0.35. The horizontal bar marks the density ρ = 0.5. (a) Superfluid order paramater ϕ(µ) for the same parameters. (b) Even-odd imbalance |θ(µ)| for the same parameters. The vertical bar marks ρ(µ) = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-imbalance-th-and-superfluid-order-parameter-ph-for-2pe8up1j.png Figure 10. Imbalance |θ| and superfluid order parameter ϕ for cuts of the phase diagram 5 with a constant density of ρ = 0.5. The vertical dashed lines show the phase transition points. The phases are indicated by the labels above the plots. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-invariance-of-the-digital-natives-assessment-294xkkijou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-single-group-confirmatory-factor-analysis-31wai1my.png Table 2. Single group confirmatory factor analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-discriminant-validity-for-the-measurement-model-2my7vslu.png Table 4. Discriminant validity for the measurement model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-digital-nativity-framework-growt-grow-up-with-ieqe96ly.png Figure 1. Digital nativity framework GrowT: grow up with technology; MultiT: comfortable with multitasking; GraphicsC: reliant on graphics for communication; InstantGR: thrive on instant gratifications and rewards. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-the-measurement-model-3iz96154.png Table 3. Results for the measurement model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participants-gender-frequency-means-standard-1ehw4trv.png Table 1. Participants gender frequency, means, standard deviations, skewness, and kurtosis coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-measurement-invariance-tests-for-dnas-scale-across-2bnq9823.png Table 5. Measurement invariance tests for DNAS scale across gender https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-crystal-face-specific-growth-kinetics-3orxnmekai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-equilibrium-and-experimental-morphology-of-a-nano3-1j06l0hi.png Figure 4.Equilibrium and experimental morphology of a NaNO3 crystal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-concentration-and-supersaturation-1ftpf0ws.png Figure 6. Temperature, concentration and supersaturation curves of a batch experiment (T: 298.15 ± 0.30 K; C: 0.94 ± 0.01 g/g; j: 0.03067) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3d-reconstructed-crystal-shape-evolution-of-the-29x3nz3s.png Figure 7. 3D reconstructed crystal shape evolution of the NaNO3 seed crystal from 0 h to 1.25 h in a batch experiment (T: 298.15 ± 0.30 K; C: 0.94 ± 0.01 g/g; j: 0.03067) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-sequence-of-image-pairs-left-camera-and-right-2vfs6yyn.png Figure 5. A sequence of image pairs (left camera and right camera) obtained from a batch experiment (T: 298.15 ± 0.30 K; C: 0.94 ± 0.01 g/g; j: 0.03067) with the 3D imaging system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-nano3-104-face-growth-rates-in-this-17h38nn0.png Figure 14. Comparison of NaNO3 (104) face growth rates in this study with data from Treivus49, Oosterhof et al50, Rossiter51 and Benages-Vilau et al.26, which is prefixed by the letter “W”, “T”, “O”, “R” and “B” in the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-face-specific-growth-rates-of-three-individual-2jmfix9o.png Figure 13. Face specific growth rates of three individual crystal faces of NaNO3 crystals vs. supersaturation and temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-face-specific-growth-rates-of-nano3-crystals-under-2ahbx5el.png Figure 12. Face specific growth rates of NaNO3 crystals under different solution velocities. (T: 318.15 ± 0.30 K; C: 1.16 ± 0.01 g/g; j: 0.07244.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-sequence-of-kdp-crystal-image-pairs-left-and-2239hpnc.png Figure 16. A sequence of KDP crystal image pairs (left and right camera) obtained from a batch experiment (T: ~290 K; C: ~ 24.7 g/ml) https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-entangled-states-via-atomic-beam-deflection-1a5zrsnmh9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reduction-of-the-joint-photon-statistics-of-an-1fy3dctb.png FIG. 3. Reduction of the joint photon statistics of an entangled field state omA,mB=1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-a-two-level-atom-interacting-with-a-y4oabnqq.png FIG. 1. Schematics of a two-level atom interacting with a standing wave entangled field in two separate cavities. Here the atom has well defined momentum stateup0l along the wave propagation direction(x axis). After the interaction with the standing wave field of entangled cavities, the atom either retains the state of the momentum up0l or reverses the direction of longitudinal momentum componentup−2l. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-original-joint-photon-statistics-of-the-6yhfjcf0.png FIG. 2. (a) The original joint photon statistics of the entangled field state in two cavities.(b) The decimation function when the atom is detected in momentumup0l. (c) The decimation function when the atom is detected in momentum up−2l. (d) The reduced joint photon statistics corresponding to the atomic detection in momentum stateup0l. (e) The reduced joint photon statistics when the atom is detected in momentum state up−2l. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-interfacial-shear-mechanical-properties-in-36ft88ugtm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sem-micrographs-of-the-fracture-surface-on-the-1dic7hjy.png Fig. 5. SEM micrographs of the fracture surface on the metallic substrate side exposed by the delamination of the TBC layer in the EB-PVD TBC system: (a) a low-magnification image revealing characteristics of the crack growth and failure surface and (b) a high-magnification image showing embedded thermally grown oxides in the bond coat and the existence of thin layers of TBC remaining adhered to the TGO segments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-typical-columnar-structure-of-the-eb-pvd-tbc-and-b-1y3s8sqv.png Fig. 1. (a) A typical columnar structure of the EB-PVD TBC, and (b) a high-magnification image showing the undulated nature of the bond coat/TGO interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-micrographs-of-the-underside-of-the-delaminated-1287cbcb.png Fig. 6. SEM micrographs of the underside of the delaminated TBC layer in the EB-PVD TBC system: (a) a low-magnification image showing a surface of TBC with patches of attached TGO, and (b) a high-magnification image showing micropores in the attached TGO as well as columnar structure of the TBC layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-illustrations-showing-the-delamination-66w55qqm.png Fig. 7. Schematic illustrations showing the delamination behavior of a TBC layer during the barb pullout testing for the EB-PVD TBC system: (a) as-coated and (b) post-tested. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-typical-force-displacement-curve-obtained-during-the-2tcu009m.png Fig. 4. A typical force–displacement curve obtained during the barb pullout testing for the EB-PVD TBC system. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-the-elastic-form-factor-ratio-uge-gm-using-4uzs784ous 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-target-coordinate-system-28-3ui7w83p.png Figure 3.3: Target Coordinate System [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-19-this-figure-shows-the-cuts-made-in-q2-for-the-1knsxkj1.png Figure 3.19: This figure shows the cuts made in Q2 for the left and right arms of the spectrometer. These cuts are identified as being None, Large, Medium, and Small delineated respectively by vertical lines that are black, red, green, and blue. The horizontal axis units are in GeV2 for Q2. These plots are for the 2.2 GeV NI run list. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-27-the-1-7-gev-simulated-q2-distributions-for-lhrs-j2ldm2h7.png Figure 3.27: The 1.7 GeV simulated Q2 distributions for LHRS and RHRS created using the mean beam data provided in Table 3.1 are shown in the top two plots of this figure. The perfect beam alignment results are shown in the bottom two plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-the-2-2-gev-single-arm-form-factor-ratios-from-35143ho1.png Figure 4.1: The 2.2 GeV single arm form factor ratios from Table 4.1 are plotted along with the established body of data. The left graphic contains the individual run list results while the right graphic shows the averaged results for the LHRS and the RHRS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-high-precision-results-of-the-proton-form-factor-3e7v3m3j.png Figure 1.5: High precision results of the proton form factor ratio having a total uncertainty of σtot<3% compared to several fits and parameterizations [27]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-the-two-chicane-magnets-used-to-bend-the-beam-1jcblnej.png Figure 2.5: The two chicane magnets used to bend the beam. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-23-the-1-7-gev-baseline-run-pair-fits-for-the-1-76ebaigw.png Figure 3.23: The 1.7 GeV baseline run-pair fits for the +1 helicity spectra associated with each spectrometer. The black curves in the plots represent the fitted model while the colour of each reaction component is provided in the caption of Figure 3.11. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-convention-used-for-identifying-run-lists-2jewn24e.png Table 3.3: Convention used for identifying run lists. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-the-longitudinal-diffusion-of-ionization-56ljmr7jjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visualization-of-the-impact-of-on-signal-waveforms-3rmqq4pd.png Figure 2: Visualization of the impact of ! on signal waveforms as a function of drift time. The waveform peak times have been shifted in order to align with one another. One time tick is equivalent to 0.5 `s. Each waveform displays the deconvolved ADC count, arbitrarily scaled. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selection-efficiencies-after-each-selection-2sz30ybe.png Table 1: Selection efficiencies after each selection requirement and number of selected tracks. Relative efficiencies are calculated relative to the number of tracks at the previous stage of the selection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-track-length-distributions-at-each-stage-of-the-ksihho3f.png Figure 5: Track length distributions at each stage of the track selection. The peak around 230 cm in the orange and black curves corresponds to the height of the TPC since most CRT tracks traverse the detector top-to-bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparison-of-the-microboone-result-with-world-w8gysm5k.png Figure 16: Comparison of the MicroBooNE result with world data for longitudinal electron diffusion in liquid argon. The orange-dashed curve shows the theory prediction from AtrazhevTimoshkin [3], the blue dot-dashed curve shows the parametrization from Li et al. [5], and the red and dark blue points show the ICARUS [4] and Li et al. measurements, respectively. Details of this plot can be found in Appendix A. Note that the ICARUS error bars (± 0.2 cm2/s) are covered by the data point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-sample-summed-waveform-with-gaussian-fit-fc-is-1q2bmq1d.png Figure 9: Sample summed waveform with Gaussian fit. fC is extracted from the standard deviation of the fit and C from the mean. This waveform is taken from the first drift bin on the collection plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-2d-distribution-of-the-percent-variation-of-the-1ty2quyn.png Figure 14: 2D distribution of the percent variation of the drift velocity relative to the average drift velocity near the anode, E3 = 1.076 mm/`B, using the UV laser data map. Here, we have applied the waveform fiducial volume described in section 3.1.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-comparison-of-the-microboone-result-with-world-2lip1ibv.png Figure 17: Comparison of the MicroBooNE result with world data for n! , along with the AtrazhevTimoshkin theory curve and the Li et al. parametrization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-a-toy-mc-study-of-waveform-summation-un-3u55s81p.png Table 4: Results of a toy MC study of waveform summation. “Un-shifted” denotes the control case, in which we add the same Gaussian to itself 1000 times, while “Shifted” denotes the case in which each added waveform has its mean randomly shifted before addition. https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-trace-nitrate-concentrations-in-seawater-by-5em77fo0fo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reproducibility-correlation-coeffi-cient-linear-wuu793fu.png Table 1 Reproducibility, correlation coeffi cient, linear range, limit of detection and average recovery https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-of-the-three-dimensional-mirror-parameters-by-1rd6mar0ik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-results-of-the-three-dimensional-reconstruction-3nhkb9ia.png Figure 13: Results of the three-dimensional reconstruction: reconstruction according to the lineareigen and mid-point methods are respectively drawn in red and blue, the gray points represent the 3 positions of the sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-of-the-polarization-parameters-that-are-2a0iaqcv.png Figure 4: Images of the polarization parameters that are needed to reconstruct the mirror shape: (a) degree of polarization (ρ ∈ [0, 1]), (b) angle of polarization (ϕ ∈ [0, π]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-polarization-imaging-after-being-reflected-by-the-eirk1ot4.png Figure 3: Polarization imaging: after being reflected by the mirror, the light becomes partially linearly polarized. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-description-of-the-3d-ray-given-by-the-points-a-and-3kuj5079.png Figure 6: Description of the 3D-ray given by the points A and B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-simulation-of-the-three-dimensional-reconstruction-3qm2kf15.png Figure 11: Simulation of the three-dimensional reconstruction by using the calibration done from the polarization imaging. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-three-dimensional-reconstruction-of-a-real-scene-14ot8bdx.png Figure 12: Three-dimensional reconstruction of a real scene with the catadioptric system: (a) Experimental-set-up, (b,c,d) points of interest picking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-measurement-errors-of-the-three-dimensional-khhbn9de.png Figure 10: Measurement errors of the three-dimensional parameters: (a) angle θ, (b) angle φ and (c) deviation map of the mirror z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-three-dimensional-parameters-used-a-normals-th-ph-3lzhplu4.png Figure 8: Three-dimensional parameters used: (a) normals θ, φ and surface height z, (b) only normals θ, φ (without integration process). https://scispace.com/papers/measurement-procedures-and-uncertainty-evaluation-for-2e5te12nra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-test-site-attenuation-and-antenna-calibration-1b4wrt3n.png TABLE IV. TEST SITE ATTENUATION AND ANTENNA CALIBRATION UNCERTAINTY https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-electric-field-noise-at-the-startup-of-the-fp2ttttm.png Figure 6. Electric field noise at the startup of the lubricating auxiliary system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-machine-emissions-black-for-all-3rkv4se8.png Figure 7. Comparison of machine emissions (black, for all orientations) and test room noise (grey: average value, thick, 95% confidence interval, thin): (a) E- and (b) H-field https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electric-field-noise-at-high-frequency-evidence-of-lbeeix85.png Figure 1. Electric field noise at high frequency (evidence of a “periodic” source) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-the-generator-test-room-241sx6sg.png Figure 3. Map of the Generator Test Room https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-room-noise-average-values-black-and-95-1rgpto3z.png Figure 2. Test room noise (average values, black, and 95% confidence interval, grey): (a) E-field (vertical) and (b) H-field (4 orientation in the horizontal plane at 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° and vertical) in Z2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-placement-of-the-synchronous-generator-556ii6o6.png Figure 4. Placement of the synchronous generator https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-characteristics-of-the-synchronous-generator-1e4nkn9p.png TABLE I. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR UNDER TEST https://scispace.com/papers/measurements-and-optimization-of-the-occulting-disk-for-the-4oagox57gb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-measurements-of-di-racted-light-behind-a-razor-h3psytc2.png Figure 11. Measurements of di↵racted light behind a razor edge occulter compared with theoretical curve, that will be shown in all plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparison-among-the-three-toroidal-occulters-a1-3uf6k87z.png Figure 16. Comparison among the three toroidal occulters, A1 and the theoretical razor edge curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stray-light-reduction-performances-as-a-function-of-3ew0zrqf.png Figure 5. Stray light reduction performances as a function of two occulting disks interdistance: comparison among di↵erent coronagraphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cone-geometry-compared-to-barrel-if-we-follow-the-3nsnnbjw.png Figure 6. Cone geometry compared to barrel: if we follow the same principle in designing the two apodizations (see figure 4), given the flight geometry, di↵erences are negligible (Rc Rb ⇠ 4 µm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-theoretic-di-raction-behind-a-razor-edge-in-case-34ycmvk3.png Figure 10. Theoretic di↵raction behind a razor edge in case of point source at infinity (dashed line) and extended source (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-among-two-types-of-a1s-scratched-2s7bmgr0.png Figure 14. Comparison among two types of A1s scratched surfaces and A1 (with no scratches). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-clockwise-from-the-top-left-3d-drawing-showing-the-27p4nnbh.png Figure 15. Clockwise, from the top left: 3D drawing showing the 1 cm radius occulter mounted in the set-up; sketch showing a section of the toroidal occulter, in order to define the curvature radius R; picture of the three manufactured toroidal occulters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketches-of-the-poisson-spot-e-ect-in-the-cases-of-3ewylcp0.png Figure 1. Sketches of the Poisson spot e↵ect in the cases of a single on-axis source point (a) and of the whole solar disk (b). https://scispace.com/papers/measurements-on-the-reality-of-the-wavefunction-22ki3geyb1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-for-probing-the-reality-of-the-wavefunction-a-a-2z6hj3jb.png FIG. 2. Scheme for probing the reality of the wavefunction. a A d-dimensional system is prepared in a state from the set {|ψj〉} and then subjected to measurements {Mj1j2}. b Experimental implementation. Pairs of single photons are created via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4) crystal pumped by a 410 nm diode laser[30]. The heralded signal photon is prepared in the initial state |H〉 by means of a Glan-Taylor polariser (GT). The subsequent half-wave plate (HWP) defines the relative amplitudes of the initially populated modes |1〉 and |2〉. A calcite beam-displacer (BD) separates the orthogonal polarisation components and a set of HWPs is used to adjust the relative amplitudes of all the basis states |0〉, |1〉, |2〉 (and |3〉 for the ququart). The same setup in reverse is used to perform the measurements {Mj1j2}. Using only one output port of the final analysing polariser and one single-photon detector (APD) ensures maximal fidelity of the measurement process. Furthermore, while additional quarter-wave plates (QWPs) could be used to access the full (complex) state space, this is not necessary for the present experiment. Hence, the QWPs were not used to allow for higher accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ontological-models-for-quantum-theory-a-pure-quantum-88kg0pgl.png FIG. 1. Ontological models for quantum theory. a Pure quantum states |φ〉 and |ψ〉 correspond to unit vectors in a d-dimensional Hilbert space. b-c In ontological models every quantum state |ψ〉 is associated with a probability distribution µψ over the set of ontic states λ. b In a ψ-ontic model, the distributions are disjoint for any pair of non-identical pure quantum states, such that the state itself can be regarded as an ontic element of the objective reality. c In ψ-epistemic models, the probability distributions can overlap and the quantum state is not uniquely determined by the underlying ontic state λ. https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-biotherapeutic-viscosity-and-degradation-on-chip-2kulw8gipx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-viscosity-of-insulin-mixtures-a-a-native-page-1kkvu2p8.png Fig. 6 Relative viscosity of insulin mixtures. (A) A native PAGE of different mixtures of intact and denatured insulin. (B-C) The relative viscosity of mixtures of intact and denatured insulin (v/v ratios). (B) Insulin at PBS pH 2.5 and (C) insulin in HEPES pH 8.2. As the ratio of denatured insulin increases, the relative viscosity also increases. Note the relative viscosity on the y-axes is different between (B) and (C) (* indicates p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p <0.0001, n = 9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-macroscale-and-microscale-investigations-of-protein-1jw94bl9.png Fig. 1 Macroscale and microscale investigations of protein structure. Gold standard macroscale systems for measuring protein folding state involve methods such as native PAGE, circular dichroism, and activity assays. Conversely, PD, a microscale system, involves imaging particles suspended in a protein solution and correlating the motion to determine sample viscosity, and therefore protein folding state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nonspecific-protein-adsorption-on-particle-surfaces-a-1vdyw61y.png Fig. 4 Nonspecific protein adsorption on particle surfaces. (A) Prior to washing, particles in the presence of 5 mg/ml FITC labeled BSA show green fluorescent background signal, indicating free protein (top). After washing (bottom) the background fluorescent signal is dramatically reduced as expected, with concentrated fluorescent green signal located around the red particle circumference indicating non-specific adsorption of FITC-BSA to the particles. (B) A representative SDS-PAGE analysis of the 5 mg/ml BSA sample non-specifically absorbed to beads for both intact and denatured BSA samples indicate similar levels of non-specific adsorption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-particle-diffusion-and-image-correlation-a-stack-of-2j5f3wst.png Fig. 2 Particle diffusion and image correlation. A stack of images is split into smaller interrogation regions, as pictured. Images which are correlated with themselves produce an autocorrelation peak (Image 1). The correlation of sequential images (Image 2 with Image 3) provide cross-correlation peaks. Note that the cross-correlation peak is both wider and shorter as compared to the autocorrelation peak. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-antibody-viscosity-as-the-concentration-of-igg-3a4m66h8.png Fig. 7 Antibody viscosity. As the concentration of IgG antibody solution increases, the relative viscosity of the solution increases (**** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, n = 9). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-relative-viscosity-of-insulin-solutions-as-a-35k5m3v1.png Fig. 5 The relative viscosity of insulin solutions as a function of concentration. (A) PBS pH 2.5. There is a dramatic difference in the viscosity of denatured insulin at 2 mg/ml as compared to intact insulin whereas in (B) the viscosity of denatured insulin solubilized in HEPES pH 2.5 shows a statistically significant difference from the intact samples at a concentration of 4 mg/ml. (C) Insulin samples in HEPES pH 8.2 shows the least dramatic difference between intact and denatured insulin solutions at a concentration of 5 mg/ml but still shows a similar trend from (A) and (B) in that there is a non-linear increase in solution viscosity for denatured protein sample. Note that the y-axes in (A) and (B) are different than (C). n=9. https://scispace.com/papers/measurements-of-b-0-bar-b-0-mixing-gamma-z-0-to-b-bar-b-xn5rvo9y0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-full-correlation-coe-cients-including-both-1us34rti.png Table 8: The full correlation coe cients, including both statistical and systematic errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-numbers-of-events-selected-by-the-p-pt-p-min-30nb4r9g.png Table 4: The numbers of events selected by the p, pT, p min comb and mll requirements. Also given are the fractions, R, of opposite-jet events where both leptons have the same charge-sign. The predicted numbers and purities are taken from the simple t to these events. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-mean-lepton-momentum-in-single-lepton-events-3324stsb.png Table 5: The mean lepton momentum in single lepton events, compared to predictions for di erent values of hxEi. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-from-ts-to-muons-and-electrons-separately-6obafhpv.png Table 6: Results from ts to muons and electrons separately. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fit-results-for-di-erent-b-decay-models-the-central-3bj4n0xl.png Table 2: Fit results for di erent b ! ` decay models. The central result uses the ACCMM model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-correlation-coe-cients-for-the-parameters-in-the-273ndn12.png Table 3: The correlation coe cients for the parameters in the t using the ACCMM model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-numbers-of-single-lepton-and-dilepton-events-the-ygjk8tn0.png Table 1: The numbers of single-lepton and dilepton events. The dilepton events are subdivided into opposite-jet events and same-jet events as described in Section 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-b0s-mixing-parameter-s-versus-fs-the-fraction-1qvshieq.png Figure 8: The B0s mixing parameter, s, versus fs,. the fraction of b- avoured hadrons in semileptonic decays that are B0s mesons. The line is obtained by combining the OPAL measurement with measurements of B0d mixing from CLEO [4]. The dashed lines indicate the one-standard-deviation errors. https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-functional-connectivity-with-wearable-meg-1fwspdaeey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-opm-meg-system-a-schematic-of-the-opm-meg-suite-b-3f9rn0t0.png Fig. 1. The OPM-MEG system. a) Schematic of the OPM-MEG suite. b) Photograph of subject wearing an additively-manufactured helmet with 50 OPM sensors mounted within it. c) Digitised head surface for an example participant, showing the 133 slots available in the helmet (grey) and the 50 chosen for this study (blue). Note that OPMs were made sensitive to the field in the radial direction only. d) Cortical coverage achieved by the selected 50 OPM locations: the norm of the forward fields across all sensors is plotted at each vertex of the brain surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cryogenic-vs-opm-connectivity-in-the-beta-band-a-2y4omb96.png Fig. 3. Cryogenic vs OPM connectivity in the beta band. a) Scatter plots showing connectivity values derived from cryogenic data plotted against connectivity values derived from OPM data (each dot depicts a measured connection). Left column shows within-subject correlation for subject 1 (top) and subject 2 (bottom). Right column corresponds to between-subject correlation. b) Bar plot showing the mean within- and between-subject correlation of connectome matrices. Connectome repeatability is calculated in three ways; cryogenic-to-cryogenic (dark grey; here we compare connectome matrices taken using the cryogenic system in separate runs); OPM-to-OPM (middle grey; comparing matrices taken using the OPM system in separate runs); and OPM-to-cryogenic (light grey; comparing matrices derived using the OPM system to matrices derived using the cryogenic system). Error bar corresponds to standard deviation across the 15 or 36 comparisons. Crosses and triangles indicate individual values from a single calculation of correlation between two matrices – i.e. all raw data are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-task-based-functional-connectivity-matrices-average-fwbylxmp.png Fig. 2. Task-based functional connectivity matrices. Average connectivity matrices (across 6 runs) in the alpha (left), beta (middle) and gamma (right) bands for participants 1 (top) and 2 (bottom). For each participant, both OPM-derived (top) and cryogenic-derived (bottom) matrices are shown. Colour bars show connectivity (i.e. Pearson correlation between amplitude envelope) values. Alongside the matrices, the 3D brains show the 50 connections with the highest connectivity values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-resting-state-connectivity-plots-derived-from-opm-data-3afgoxm4.png Fig. 5. Resting-state connectivity plots derived from OPM data. Alpha- (a) and beta- (b) band connectivity matrices averaged across the 7 participants. Brain plots show the top 200 connections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-resting-state-group-connectivity-matrices-from-jdzflo7g.png Fig. 6. Resting-state group connectivity matrices from cryogenic data and a comparison with the OPM-derived connectome. Alpha- (a) and beta- (b) band connectivity matrices from 9 groups of 7 subjects. 3D brain plots show dominant connections (top 200). Note that even though these are group-averaged results, clear differences across groups remain (although the overall pattern appears robust). c) Results for alpha (top row) and beta (bottom row). The scatter plots on the left show cryogenic-derived connectivity values, with different groups plotted against each other i.e. each data point shows connectivity for the same connection, in two different subject groups, plotted against each other. The black line shows y = x ; the grey lines show lines of best fit for the 36 different possible comparisons between independent groups. The scatter plots in the centre show cryogenic-derived connectivity versus OPM-derived connectivity values. 9 separate comparisons are made between the OPM-derived connectome (averaged across 7 subjects) and 9 separate cryogenic-derived connectomes (each the average of 7 subjects). The bar chart shows mean correlation values for cryogenic-to-cryogenic connectivity (left-hand bar) and OPM-to-cryogenic connectivity (right-hand bar). The individual points (squares/triangles) show individual correlation values from all possible matrix parings. The dashed line shows the 99th percentile of the null distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-connectivity-strength-in-the-beta-band-a-normalised-13n2xo70.png Fig. 4. Connectivity strength in the beta band. a) Normalised connectivity strength recorded using cryogenic- (red) and OPM- (blue) derived data. Values are plotted for all 78 AAL regions, for participants 1 (top) and 2 (bottom). The shaded area represents standard deviation across 6 runs. Note the similarities between cryogenic and OPM plots. b) Normalised connectivity strength plotted on the brain surface for both subjects and both systems. c) Same as (a) but grouped by scanner type: normalised connectivity strength recorded using cryogenic- (bottom) and OPM- (top) derived data for participants 1 (solid line) and 2 (dashed line). d) Brain areas showing significant difference between participants (grey indicates no significant difference). Note both systems highlight similar regions. https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-regional-innovativeness-a-methodological-2d349znef6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysis-3-figure-5-analysis-4-3aosdq5r.png Figure 4: Analysis 3 Figure 5: Analysis 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analysis-1-figure-3-analysis-2-1zn0e20n.png Figure 2: Analysis 1 Figure 3: Analysis 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regional-interactions-that-cause-the-innovation-1rnw8hby.png Figure 1: Regional interactions that cause the innovation output of a region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-industry-specific-patent-applications-per-xyyxcqru.png Figure 3 shows the industry specific patent applications per 100 R&D employees scores for the German labor market regions. Similar to Analysis 1, the variance in this measure is quite large. The tenth best region’s measure (Wolfsburg, 26.34) is less than 17 percent of that of the best region (Düren, 162.04). Again, this seems to be an inadequate representation of innovative performance. However, this problem may well be related to outliers because the tenth best score is about 70 percent of the fifth best measure (Landsberg, 36,82). Hence, this performance measure seems to react quite sensitively to outliers. Apart from the variance of the values, which is still strong, a comparison between Figures 2 and 3 shows that the distribution of innovative performance changes visibly when it comes to industry specific data. Figure 2 shows the (usually found) distribution with a higher performance in the south of Germany and a very weak performance in former East Germany. Especially the latter disappears in relation to industry specific data. The former East Germany seems to perform less well in terms of a patents per R&D employees measure because it has less R&D employees in patent intensive industries. If only one patent intensive industry is considered, however, well-performing regions are also found in that part of Germany. The importance of the industrial structure is underpinned when comparing the scores of Analyses 1 and 2 with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. It turns out that both scores are only correlated with +0.296∗∗ 11 To summarize, we find that a simple single input - single output measure (as Analysis 1 and 2) is easy to compute. The resulting index is, however, strongly biased by the industrial structure (Analyses 1) and the insufficient incorporation of other industries’ effects on the output measure (Analyses 2). Furthermore, in Section 2 we argued that there are a number of disadvantages in using such a simple measure. Especially, it provides no information about why certain regions perform better than others. In addition, this performance measure is based on the assumption that innovation output should increase linearly with the number of R&D employees. This is a plausible assumption if R&D employees are employed in different firms. An increase of R&D employees in one firm, though, might, have different implications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-variables-and-their-employment-2rm2w6xj.png Table 6: Variables and their employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variables-estimation-base-and-sources-2rinp9dm.png Table 5: Variables, estimation base, and sources https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-regions-and-their-performance-in-analyses-3a2ri312.png Table 1: Number of regions and their performance in Analyses 3 and 4 in 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-graduates-mobility-2801udan.png Table 2: Graduates Mobility https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-dark-matter-profiles-non-parametrically-in-dwarf-14fedu2ztd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-surface-brightness-profile-s-r-dashed-and-4rctob21.png Figure 5. Surface brightness profile Σ(r) (dashed) and deprojected luminosity density profile ν(r) (solid) used in our models. Horizontal lines near the x-axis indicate the radial position of our kinematics bins. Numbers refer to the number of radial velocities used per bin. Note the central location of the new VIRUS-W data (innermost bin) in comparison to existing data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-kh2-curves-for-all-of-the-ri-parameters-each-black-2bap5igz.png Figure 6. χ2 curves for all of the ρi parameters. Each black dot represents a single model (combination of ρ1, ρ2, . . . ρ5), and the red curve is a smoothed fit to the minimum. The red curve in any panel therefore is the χ2 curve marginalized over the other density points. The unit of density is M pc−3. In panels 4 and 5, the blue curve is a parabola in log ρ that we use to interpolate between two local minima. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-top-enclosed-mass-profile-of-our-best-fitting-2oo8ygyg.png Figure 10. Top: enclosed mass profile of our best-fitting model (black line) and 1σ confidence region. The green point is the Wolf et al. (2010) mass estimator. Bottom: circular speed profile and 1σ confidence region. Colors are the same as above. Vertical tick marks on the x-axis represent the range of our kinematics coverage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-best-fitting-dark-matter-density-profile-in-draco-2fjxnfix.png Figure 8. Best-fitting dark matter density profile in Draco. The red shaded region represents the point-wise 68% confidence band for ρDM(r) (Δχ2 = 1), with the solid black line derived from forcing symmetric logarithmic errors. The gray shaded region is the 68% confidence band on ρDM(r) considering all parameters jointly (Δχ2 = 7.04). We plot the innermost point (excluded from all further analysis) as an error bar with the same color scheme. The solid blue line is the best power-law fit to the profile, and the dashed line shows an r−1 NFW-like profile. We plot the best-fitting NFW halo from a small grid of parametric models as the dashed green line. Vertical lines along the x-axis indicate the radial range of our kinematic data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-color-magnitude-diagram-of-stars-within-the-central-o8daowpt.png Figure 7. Color–magnitude diagram of stars within the central 5′ of Draco. From left to right, we plot isochrones of (tage×109 yr, [Fe/H]) = (11.5,−1.6), (12.5,−1.4), and (13.5,−1.3). The solid red line is the (12.5,−1.4) isochrone we use when determining M∗/LV . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-virus-w-ifu-overlaid-on-top-of-an-hst-image-from-3k7x06g8.png Figure 1. VIRUS-W IFU overlaid on top of an HST image from Ségall et al. (2007). Red circles highlight fibers containing stars used in the determination of the central LOSVD. Note that the HST PSF is significantly smaller than the typical 2′′ seeing at McDonald Observatory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-color-magnitude-diagram-of-stars-near-the-center-of-28omfxql.png Figure 2. Color–magnitude diagram of stars near the center of Draco. Colored asterisks are stars we observe, coded according to their offset from Draco’s systemic velocity Vsys. Red stars have |V − Vsys| < 30 km s−1, blue stars have |V − Vsys| > 50 km s−1, and the green star has a radial velocity between 30 and 50 km s−1 of Vsys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ratio-of-the-radial-to-tangential-components-of-the-v2qdssjy.png Figure 9. Ratio of the radial to tangential components of the velocity dispersion. Values of σr/σt different from unity indicate anisotropy. The black line is our best-fitting model. https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-burden-and-mortality-of-hospitalisation-in-5e4h328jn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-admissions-and-costs-for-parkinson-s-disease-2cbnc41c.png TABLE 1 Admissions and costs for Parkinson's disease patients by age and gender(2009 –2013)* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reasons-for-non-elective-admissions-in-pd-group-3vysqlzx.png TABLE 2 Reasons for non-elective admissions in PD group excluding ZBDs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-that-mean-los-for-non-elective-admissions-was-12cr0kkr.png Figure 1 shows that mean LOS for non-elective admissions was consistently longer in PD patients than controls for both sexes and across all age groups. Mean LOS for PD patients was seven days longer than controls (16 versus 9 days). There was a trend for increasing mean LOS with increasing age in the PD group which was not mirrored in the control group. For the PD group, average LOS between the two sexes were comparable, apart from the ‘35 – 44’ year old where LOS for males was longer than females. PD patients were almost twice as likely to have admissions resulting in LOS greater than three months (ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.83, 1.97, p<0.0001). Mean LOS was longer in PD patients than controls for UTI, pneumonia, hip fracture, and other fractures (Supplementary Table 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-potential-interventions-to-avoid-or-better-manage-9cxxf4aw.png TABLE 3 Potential interventions to avoid or better manage hospitalisation for PD https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-19-22-29-the-evidence-base-for-some-of-these-2wjjj4z5.png TABLE 3 Potential interventions to avoid or better manage hospitalisation for PD https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-difficulty-of-text-translation-the-combination-29arzvusz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-fsd-in-texts-a-b-and-c-3o1od0jc.png Figure 2. Mean FSD in Texts A, B and C https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-normality-test-of-mean-fsd-3cm4m444.png Table 4. Normality test of mean FSD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-text-complexity-on-fsd-35muk2rq.png Figure 4. The effect of text complexity on FSD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-fsd-for-each-informant-translating-texts-a-b-1rfos24c.png Figure 3. Mean FSD for each informant translating Texts A, B and C https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-eye-tracking-quality-assessment-with-13jy2dfa.png Table 1. Summary of eye-tracking quality assessment with invalid data (marked as ×) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-results-of-pre-translation-rating-of-sfn8huwu.png Table 2. Statistical results of pre-translation rating of translation difficulty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-correlation-between-nasa-tlx-measurements-in-y1zanz7b.png Figure 6. The correlation between NASA-TLX measurements (in average) and FSD https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-source-text-complexity-by-three-2hvpgm5d.png Figure 1. Summary of source text complexity by three indicators https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-resonance-structure-of-accelerator-impedance-4hbz4338gd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectral-distribution-obtained-from-simulations-fo-icv4x317.png FIG. 4. Spectral distribution obtained from simulations fo resonance impedance with different parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fourier-analysis-of-longitudinal-bunch-profiles-2cwsr7ic.png FIG. 3. Fourier analysis of longitudinal bunch profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-spectral-distribution-3l854we3.png FIG. 5. Measured spectral distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculated-resonant-impedances-1t207kc4.png FIG. 6. Calculated resonant impedances. https://scispace.com/papers/measuring-the-technical-efficiency-of-municipal-water-2xq4g6vmad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-286pvaa3.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variable-definitions-3l8tu9ex.png Table 2: Variable Definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistics-on-technical-efficiency-scores-2kz6qrgc.png Table 3: Statistics on Technical Efficiency Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stage-2-tobit-estimation-ht00ndp0.png Table 4: Stage 2 - Tobit Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stage-2-bootstrapped-truncated-regression-results-2jbgi0kd.png Table 5: Stage 2 - Bootstrapped Truncated Regression Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-efficiency-measurement-and-input-slacks-2rn5p8vl.png Figure 1: Efficiency Measurement and Input Slacks https://scispace.com/papers/mechanical-144-ghz-beam-steering-with-all-metallic-epsilon-dc8k2nsyre 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-and-analytical-results-of-the-beam-3v25h07y.png TABLE II. Experimental and analytical results of the beam steering performance using the ENZ-lens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-left-column-and-2d-analytical-right-2tjpxp5b.png FIG. 3. Experimental (left column) and 2D analytical (right column) of the normalized radiation pattern for the output angles: (a) 0 , (b) 3 , (c) 6 , (d) 9 , (e) 12 , (f) 15 , and (g) 18 when the feeder is placed at the experimental and analytical (x,z) coordinates of Table I, respectively. The black dashed line on each plot corresponds to 3 dB, which is a standard of the maximum scan loss allowed for a suitable beam steering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-spatial-distribution-of-power-on-xz-plane-247h9c3g.png FIG. 2. Normalized spatial distribution of power on xz-plane for angles from 0 to 18 with a step of 3 : 2D analytical results using the Huygens-Fresnel approximation (a)–(g), 3D simulation results using the commercial software CST Microwave Studio TM (h)–(n) and experimental results (o)–(u). The scale bar is in dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-lateral-left-and-perspective-right-view-of-the-bgeckjfj.png FIG. 1. (a) Lateral (left) and perspective (right) view of the fabricated ENZlens at the D-band of the millimeter waves with total dimensions: Lx¼ 76.2 mm, Ly¼ 86.2 mm, Lz ¼ 40 mm, and d¼ 55.5 mm. (b) Experimental configuration used to characterize the radiation pattern of the lens. (c) Top view of the setup shown in (b) along with the lens focal arc (purple curve). https://scispace.com/papers/mechanical-design-of-a-heavy-ion-beam-dump-for-the-ria-28lcliahd6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-individual-beam-dump-module-3te007sf.png Figure 4: Individual beam dump module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u-beam-horizontal-profile-1-3qg2tvz1.png Figure 1: U beam horizontal profile [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-narrow-width-u-90-charge-state-beam-184-kw-2-1z250es4.png Figure 2. Narrow width U+90 charge state beam, 184 kW [2]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-temperature-degc-jump-as-beam-penetrates-the-jvvgoyb9.png Figure 6. Temperature, °C, jump as beam penetrates the aluminum material of the dump barrel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-thermal-stress-pa-in-aluminum-window-of-the-barrel-3fwfzvpp.png Figure 7. Thermal stress, Pa, in aluminum window of the barrel dump due to beam penetration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-section-of-dump-barrel-2kimdb84.png Figure 5: Cross-section of dump barrel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-barrel-shaped-beam-dumps-located-in-the-vacuum-2jlmqf9i.png Figure 3: Two barrel shaped beam dumps located in the vacuum space between the first dipole and multipole magnets. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanical-anisotropies-and-mechanisms-of-mafic-magma-ascent-csthsi128w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-averages-ams-parameters-textures-relationship-for-2knfmtjn.png Fig. 8: Averages AMS parameters / textures relationship for cores and outcrops with different magmatic textures (fine-grained, foliated and coarse-grained): (A) Pj–Km and (B) T–Pj diagrams; orientation data for (C) the long axis K1 and (D) the short axis K3 (equal area, lower hemisphere projection). Segments link site average values to average values for cores with similar magmatic textures. Color code indicates site average shape categories defined by the shape parameter (T) from red (not reliable orientation, linear for K3 orientation and planar for K1 orientation) to green (reliable orientation, planar for K3 orientation and linear for K1 orientation). Shape parameters categories are defined as follows: planar (1.0 ≥ T > 0.5); planar to plano-linear (0.5 ≥ T > 0.2); plano-linear (0.2 ≥ T > -0.2); plano-linear to linear -0.2 ≥ T > - 0.5); linear (-0.5 ≥ T ≥ -1.0). Magnetic parameters are calculated using the method of Jelinek (1978). Location of sites on Fig. 2C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-half-rose-diagrams-for-a-magnetic-foliation-b-3khjn0ve.png Fig. 10: Half-rose diagrams for (A) magnetic foliation, (B) magmatic foliation and (C) xenolith https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-maps-of-a-magnetic-and-magmatic-foliations-and-b-2y6c78v3.png Fig. 9: Maps of (A) magnetic and magmatic foliations and (B) magnetic lineations. Color code indicates shape categories defined by the shape parameter (T) from red (not reliable orientation, linear for K3 orientation and planar for K1 orientation) to green (reliable orientation, planar for K3 orientation and linear for K1 orientation). Shape parameters categories are defined as follows: planar (1.0 ≥ T > 0.5); planar to plano-linear (0.5 ≥ T > 0.2); plano-linear (0.2 ≥ T > -0.2); plano-linear to linear -0.2 ≥ T > -0.5); linear (-0.5 ≥ T ≥ -1.0). Magnetic parameters are calculated using the method of Jelinek (1978). Stereonet plot of poles to magnetic foliation (K3) and magnetic lineations (K1) are plotted with equal area on lower hemisphere projection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-field-photographs-and-photomicrographs-of-magmatic-ymz1673c.png Fig. 4: Field photographs and photomicrographs of magmatic rocks (G–J: transmitted light; K: reflected light; L: back-scattered electron (BSE) image). Sheeted dikes with (A) sub-vertical rhythmic grain-size layering in the center of the pluton and (B) close-up view of the structure, location indicated in (A). (C) In-situ sub-vertical layering and foliation produced by compaction and felsic liquid extraction. (D) Strong foliation defined by shape-preferred orientation of plagioclase and amphibole. (E) Patchy coarse-grained pockets due to late-stage accumulation of interstitial liquid. Note the modal lamination of the fine-grained and foliated gabbro. (F) Weakly foliated gabbro crosscut by a coarse-grained dike with a sharp contact. (G) Oriented Opx–Cpx grains in a mafic cumulate, surrounded by a poikilitic plagioclase monograin. (H) Coarse-grained gabbro with weakly oriented plagioclase and poikilitic Cpx. (I) Diorite with a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-evolutionary-model-depicting-the-emplacement-140y861f.png Fig. 14: Evolutionary model depicting the emplacement mechanism during the multi-stage intrusion of the Sondalo gabbro. (A) Fracture-controlled magma ascent and (B) en-masse ascent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-idealized-sketches-of-development-of-magmatic-fabrics-bbc647rd.png Fig. 13: Idealized sketches of development of magmatic fabrics in the core (Sm1) and the rim (Sm2) of the pluton, their overprinting relationship in the transition zone and the resulting AMS fabric. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-field-photographs-of-metasediments-a-steeply-dipping-1u4xj70u.png Fig. 3: Field photographs of metasediments. (A) Steeply dipping foliation of host-rock mica schists 4 km far from the Sondalo gabbro (direction indicated on Fig. 2A). (B) Moderately inclined F3 fold located in the migmatitic contact aureole of the pluton. (C) Granulite-facies metasedimentary xenolith in the core of the pluton preserving the S2 fabric. Location of photographs is indicated on Fig. 2. Hammer and pencils are 26 cm and 15 cm in length, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-synthesis-of-magnetic-mineralogy-determination-with-2zopzwnh.png Fig. 5: (A) Synthesis of magnetic mineralogy determination with 3axes-IRM and (B–E) https://scispace.com/papers/mechanical-entanglement-detection-in-an-optomechanical-3l9rhnlla0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-setup-a-sidebands-generated-by-the-pump-setup-3fps9sq8.png FIG. 1. System setup. (a) Sidebands generated by the pump setup discussed in the article (pictorial view). (b) Pumping scheme. The two pumps (blue), generate sidebands at ±δ (ωc and ωc + 2δ in the original frame), while the two probes (gray, dashed) generate sidebands, respectively, at −2δ and 0 (ωc − δ and 0 in the original frame), and at 0 and 2δ (ωc + δ and ωc + 3δ in the original frame). In this work we will focus on the peak generated at 0 (panel (a), green solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-duan-quantity-as-obtained-from-the-shifted-mechanical-2bfo60zw.png FIG. 4. Duan quantity as obtained from the shifted mechanical operators as a function of the ratio G+/G− (with G− kept fixed), showing that for a ratio G+/G− between 0.2 and 0.99, the mechanical resonators are entangled. Other physical parameters are the same as described in the caption of Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-spectrum-a-spectrum-for-the-output-field-for-1t93t8gz.png FIG. 3. Output spectrum. (a) Spectrum for the output field for the four relevant combinations of (φ,θ ). Note the two-mode squeezing effect, indicated by the difference in the noise spectra for (0,0) and (0,π/2), and (π/2,0) and (π/2,π/2), respectively. (b) Same as in (a) focus on the spectra for (φ,θ ) = (0,0) and (φ,θ) = (π/2,0)—note here the linear scale; the base level corresponds to the pure cavity response. For each value of the pair (φ,θ ), we have indicated the corresponding shifted mechanical noise spectrum. Physical parameters are the same as described in the caption of Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mechanical-spectrum-a-spectrum-for-the-symmetrical-3tnyq6ng.png FIG. 2. Mechanical spectrum. (a) Spectrum for the symmetrical mechanical quadratures S θω , for θ = 0, (red) and θ = π/2 (blue solid line). (b) Spectrum for the antisymmetrical mechanical quadratures S θω θ = 0, (red dashed line) and θ = π/2 (blue). System parameters: δ = 0.2, G− = 4.8 × 10−2, G+ = 4.0 × 10−2, γ = 1 × 10−5, nm = 10, nc = (κini + κene)/κ = 0.09, all energies and frequencies in units of κ (h̄ = 1). https://scispace.com/papers/mechanics-applied-to-the-race-horse-une-foulee-de-galop-de-26fq0z28hk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-duipwgse.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-curve-of-velocities-b-p-7-29pil4ao.png FIG. 2—CURVE OF VELOCITIES B P/>7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-a-galloping-stride-on-the-left-foot-1vhcg22x.png FIG. I—A GALLOPING STRIDE ON THE LEFT FOOT. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanical-milling-of-the-intermetallic-compound-alfe-xv8h490o0j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dsc-heating-curves-at-40-k-min-for-as-milled-samp-and-3rhy21i7.png FIG. 8. DSC heating curves at 40 K/min for as-milled samp and after annealing at several temperaturesta . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dsc-isothermal-curves-of-samples-milled-fortm-5120-min-klx2dlgs.png FIG. 6. DSC isothermal curves of samples milled fortm 5120 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dsc-isothermal-curves-of-samples-milled-fortm-5120-min-161s0sg7.png FIG. 7. DSC isothermal curves of samples milled fortm 5120 min, during the first 10 min of annealing at several temper turesta . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-xrd-fitted-parameters-vstm-b-xrd-fitted-parameters-yzc4hj6x.png FIG. 2. ~a! XRD fitted parameters vstm . ~b! XRD fitted parameters vsTann. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-me-spectra-for-differentm-b-me-spectra-for-1zxfp5gu.png FIG. 3. ~a! ME spectra for differentm . ~b! ME spectra for differentTann. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-values-of-the-enthalpy-releaseddh1-during-1460skxe.png TABLE II. Values of the enthalpy releasedDH1 during isothermal annealing atTa and those released during a previous/post he treatment,DH2 /DH3 , up to a recovery state defined by 1 h annealing at Ta ref5160 °C, for samples milled fortm5180 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-me-fitted-parameters-vstm-b-me-fitted-parameters-1wc5o8ne.png FIG. 4. ~a! ME fitted parameters vstm . ~b! ME fitted parameters vsTann. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dsc-heating-curves-at-40-k-min-of-the-as-mill-samples-3ug0pvcy.png FIG. 5. DSC heating curves at 40 K/min of the as-mill samples. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanisms-and-psychological-explanation-1bilszrtmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-diagram-of-glutamatergic-gabaergic-and-3ao4e7ye.png Figure 2. A schematic diagram of glutamatergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic pathways involved in mesocorticolimbic circuitry, adapted from Berridge (2004, p. 204). Prefrontal cortex (PFC); Motor Cortex (MC); Hippocampus (HC); Ventral Striatum (VS); Putamen (P); Caudate Nucleus (CN); Nucleus Accumbens (NAc); Lateral Hypothalamus (LH); Amygdala (A); Ventral Pallidum (VP); Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA); Substantia Nigra (SN) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-tote-unit-in-which-two-additional-tote-units-are-3d8mbzhv.png Figure 1. A TOTE unit in which two additional TOTE units are embedded. The upper level TOTE unit performs Test 1. If it is passed, the unit is exited; if not, Operation 1 is performed. This operation requires two additional tests, Test 2 and Test 3, each of which specifies an operation that is performed until that test is passed. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanistic-and-kinetic-investigation-on-the-formation-of-357xvqhk4u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kf36vl5h.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nonlinear-regression-fit-of-the-equilibrium-38dicykh.png Figure 3. Nonlinear regression fit of the equilibrium determined by UV-vis technique at 298 K for the reaction [Pd(η2-dmfu)(neoc)] + pna T [Pd(η2-pna)(neoc)] + dmfu. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linear-regression-plot-of-kobs-vs-dmbd-0-for-the-2pe3i1lt.png Figure 2. Linear regression plot of kobs vs [dmbd]0 for the reaction of complex 2a with dmbd. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nonlinear-regression-fit-of-the-equilibrium-1nlq8i8b.png Figure 1. Nonlinear regression fit of the equilibrium concentrations determined by 1H NMR technique at 213 K for the reaction [Pd(η2fn)(BiPy)] + dmbd T [Pd(η2-dmbd)(BiPy)] + fn. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanistic-approaches-to-molecular-catalysts-for-water-1o4jm4u0r2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electronic-absorption-spectra-of-ruii-trpy-bu2q-oh2-c8h8ez3a.png Figure 5. Electronic absorption spectra of [RuII(trpy)(Bu2Q)(OH2)](ClO4)2 ([21a](ClO4)2) in the presence of various equivalents of t-BuOK in CH2Cl2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structures-of-water-oxidation-catalysts-rragwycd.png Figure 1. Molecular structures of water oxidation catalysts based on multinuclear Ru and Mn complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-molecular-structures-of-ru2-btpyan-bpy-2-u-cl-3-23-1g79d18o.png Figure 7. Molecular structures of [Ru2(btpyan)(bpy)2(µ-Cl)]3+ ([23]3+) and [Ru2(btpyxa)(Bu2Sq)2(µ-O)]3+ ([24]3+). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-water-oxidation-catalysts-based-on-discrete-metal-3mkdpfbh.png Table 1. Water oxidation catalysts based on discrete metal complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-molecular-structures-of-water-oxidation-catalysts-7j6oejy0.png Figure 3. Molecular structures of water oxidation catalysts based on the first-row transition metal complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-structures-of-water-oxidation-catalysts-2z6dswnz.png Figure 2. Molecular structures of water oxidation catalysts based on mononuclear Ru and Ir complexes. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanistic-insights-into-electrocatalytic-reactions-39w3b4vsk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-selection-of-sers-substrates-a-au-sio2-shiners-3vzgvt87.png Figure 2: A selection of SERS substrates: a) Au@SiO2 SHINERS particles24, b) Au sphere segment voids (original image), c) roughened Cu30, d) Au nanotriangles16, e) Au nanostars17, f) Au nanopyramids25 and g) Ag film-over-nanospheres16. Adapted with permission from original content authors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-situ-sers-spectra-of-a-the-orr-with-shins-on-the-33ewb0jj.png Figure 3: In situ SERS spectra of a) the ORR with SHIN’s on the surface of polycrystalline metals M, Pd (top), Pt (middle) and Au (bottom) in O2 saturated 0.1 M TBAClO4/DMSO electrolyte. Potentials vs. Li/Li+.26 The peaks highlighted show the formation of the metal oxides (M-O vibrations around 450 - 500 cm-1) and the O-O vibration of O2- around 1110 cm-1. Increased intensity of both indicates both an increase in the coverage or concentration and a more upright or end-on adsorption site of O2-. The other peaks, present at the open circuit voltage (OCV), are all attributed to the DMSO solvent. b) the ORR with SHIN’s on a GC electrode also in O2 saturated 0.1 M TBAClO4/DMSO. Potentials vs. Li/Li+.26 In contrast to the spectra shown in a), no M-O vibration of adsorbed O2- is observed #, confirming correct operation of the SHIN particles, peaks are observed O2- at 1110 cm-1 and at less positive potentials for C-O2- showing that weakly interacting O2- moves to a less favourable adsorption site as the concentration/coverage increases. The bands marked * are attributed to HO2 at 1179 cm-1 and the interaction of HO2- with GC at 1450 cm-1 due to trace water content. c) the ORR and OER on sputtered Au electrodes in O2 saturated 0.5 M LiClO4 in DMSO showing the formation of Li2O2 during the ORR and its consumption during OER .27 Adapted and reproduced with permission of Galloway and Hardwick and Qiao and Ye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proposed-first-intermediates-of-co2-reduction-and-22480qih.png Figure 4: Proposed first intermediates of CO2 reduction and potential dependant SERS spectra of roughened Cu in CO2 saturated 0.1 M NaHCO3. Reproduced with permission from Chernyshova et al.30 Attribution of peaks in the spectra to the various intermediates in CO2 reduction are shown. The intensities of the peaks increase with coverage of the adsorbed species, but are also dependent on the orientation, with those vibrational modes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-the-study-of-electrochemical-gy0z4k91.png Figure 1: A schematic diagram of the study of electrochemical reaction mechanisms using SERS depicting the reactions covered in this review. The SERS substrate electrode must be structured in a manner to provide the SERS enhancement (see Figure 2) and the reactants, intermediates, and products detected must be located in the region in which the enhancement of the Raman signal is strong for effective detection. https://scispace.com/papers/mechano-physical-properties-and-statistical-design-of-jute-ik9bwbhrd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-representation-of-the-residual-stress-values-1shjm6k9.png Fig. 8. Representation of the residual stress values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-individual-value-diagrams-of-the-mechanical-properties-10bkkd35.png Fig. 7. Individual value diagrams of the mechanical properties of untreated yarn jute fibers and treated by different NaOH concentrations for diverse immersion times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peaks-attribution-with-their-intensities-observed-in-1edt3rgj.png Table 1.Peaks’ attribution with their intensities observed in FTIR spectra of jute fibers untreated and treated by different concentrations of NaOH for diverse immersion times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tensile-strength-representation-a-stress-strain-curves-18yd54a2.png Fig. 4. Tensile strength representation: (a) Stress/Strain curves of thirty tests on yarn jute fibers; (b) Representative stress/strain curve; (c) Comparison of representative stress/strain curves of thirteen group’s treated and untreated yarn jute fibers; (d) Comparison of representative https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mechanical-properties-of-untreated-yarn-jute-fibers-1hrt3dij.png Fig. 5. Mechanical properties of untreated yarn jute fibers and treated by different NaOH concentrations for diverse immersion times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tensile-strength-representation-shqkpisw.png Fig. 4. Tensile strength representation: (a) Stress/Strain curves of thirty tests on yarn jute fibers; (b) Representative stress/strain curve; (c) Comparison of representative stress/strain curves of thirteen group’s treated and untreated yarn jute fibers; (d) Comparison of representative https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peaks-attribution-with-their-intensities-observed-in-31bhscff.png Table 1.Peaks’ attribution with their intensities observed in FTIR spectra of jute fibers untreated and treated by different concentrations of NaOH for diverse immersion times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-and-three-parameter-weibull-statistical-analysis-2qjq6ehn.png Fig. 6.Two-and Three-parameter Weibull statistical analysis results of untreated yarn jute fibers and treated by various NaOH https://scispace.com/papers/mechanistic-modelling-of-water-partitioning-behaviour-in-3rvjadz8ao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-variation-of-the-mass-flow-rate-reported-to-2npj233l.png Fig. 4. Time variation of the mass flow rate reported to overflow, as obtained from the present simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temporal-evolution-of-the-tangential-velocity-at-120-3ortnu41.png Fig. 5. Temporal evolution of the tangential velocity at 120 mm from cyclone roof. Mean and rms are shown with dashed and blue lines, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this paper.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-the-experimental-and-numerical-vtfzjbpe.png Fig. 6. Comparison between the experimental and numerical prediction of water split. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-radial-distribution-of-the-tangential-velocity-as-i9ux5i61.png Fig. 7. Radial distribution of the tangential velocity as obtained from the present simulation. The inset shows the corresponding distribution of ( )θ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-variation-of-g-force-difference-with-inlet-flow-rate-1k4ht7wm.png Fig. 19. Variation of G force difference with inlet flow rate for different hydrocyclone geometries, where Dsp is spigot diameter and Dvf is vortex finder diameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-effect-of-g-force-difference-on-overflow-flow-rate-wcdk9328.png Fig. 20. Effect of G force difference on overflow flow rate, Qof (kg/s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tangential-velocity-profiles-in-hydrocyclone-3fh6020u.png Fig. 8. Tangential velocity profiles in hydrocyclone. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-g-force-distribution-at-different-axial-heights-and-vzdcvkzk.png Fig. 9. (a) G force distribution at different axial heights and (b) contour plot of G force distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/mechanoreceptors-feeding-behaviour-and-trypanosome-1pl0m65lor 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tr-pammmm-nannonzonas-cmgoleme-parasitcs-p-associated-35gtuj1o.png Fig. 2. Tr~Pammmm (Nannonzonas) cmgoleme parasitcs (P) associated with mechanoreceptor (m) in labrum of G. IN. morsitanr. Bar=4 pm. https://scispace.com/papers/media-brokerage-agent-based-sla-negotiation-5561esk1cr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-epg-negotiation-for-the-selected-viewer-3h1tf6s4.png Table 3. EPG Negotiation for the selected viewer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-item-service-level-agreement-establishment-1apkotua.png Fig. 1. Item Service Level Agreement establishment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-agent-based-sla-negotiation-platforms-3djy9frf.png Table 1. Comparison of Agent-based SLA Negotiation Platforms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sla-template-2yq95p64.png Table 2. SLA Template. https://scispace.com/papers/media-smart-targeted-diagnostic-outcomes-from-a-two-country-4br7tfndew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-369-prevention-and-treatment-effects-for-clinical-1a3w4p11.png Table 2. 369 Prevention and treatment effects for clinical eating disorder cases at 12-month follow-up (significant results are bolded) 370 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-360-diagnosis-description-of-criteria-for-diagnosis-26yxyegm.png Table 1. 360 Diagnosis, description of criteria for diagnosis, baseline frequencies of various diagnoses for MS-T and controls 361 https://scispace.com/papers/meeting-the-health-and-social-care-needs-of-pregnant-asylum-4dfpszcpjd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-pregnant-woman-within-the-global-context-1hwcg1ny.png Fig. 1. The pregnant woman within the global context. https://scispace.com/papers/memristive-sensors-for-ph-measure-in-dry-conditions-4fv2c64z5o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-increased-conductance-as-a-function-of-increasing-ph-xqjlrfhn.png Fig. 2. Increased conductance as a function of increasing pH values. Solid line, pH 3.2; dashed line, pH 6.2; dotted line, pH 12.3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-image-of-the-smallest-fabricated-memristive-sensor-2w9bpobt.png Fig. 1. SEM image of the smallest fabricated memristive sensor. (a) Top view revealing the nanoscale structure; (b) side view showing four vertically stacked SiNWs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-increasing-hysteretic-voltage-gap-as-function-of-26z6r5my.png Fig. 4. (a) Increasing hysteretic voltage gap as function of varying pH calculated on memristive sensors 411 ± 14 nm long and 35 ± 10 nm wide. (b) Increased voltage gap in the hysteretic Ids–Vds characteristics of the NWs before (dashed line) and after (solid line) exposing for 1 h and then drying a NaCl solution at pH 12 at the sensor surface. https://scispace.com/papers/memoire-sur-les-pieces-solides-des-stellerides-par-m-albert-4f2gozrc81 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-47-plaques-paviniciiteuses-grossies-recouvradt-les-nxe1umvw.png Fig. 47. Plaques paviniciiteuses, grossies, recouvradt les pièces inlerand)ula craires de VOrvasler Linckii. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ophiolcph-riuntn-vu-sur-le-dos-fig-6-trois-pieces-1liy8u2c.png Fig. 5 Ophiolcph riUntn. vu sur le dos Fig. 6. Trois pièces ventrales (a) d'un Ophioderma luiigkanda avec les pièces l\ et A') qui leur adhèrent Sur les pièces A, les piquants ont été enlevés. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-une-piece-ambulacrairc-d-opliiocoma-echinata-portant-14qn4x4g.png Fig 8. Une pièce ambulacrairc .\ d' Opliiocoma echinata portant un piquant p qui lui adhère par le liganieni circulaire /. Les autres piquants sont détachés, cl laissent visibles le? apophyses en forme de V qui leur correspondent sur la pièce ambulacrairc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-peau-d-l-sfrop-iylon-arboresccns-grossie-120-l-ois-on-3kk9dtcv.png Fig. 20. Peau d'/l.sfrop/iylon arboresccns, grossie 120 l'ois On voit qu'elle est formée de petites plaques pavimenteuses reposant sur une niemlirane fibreuse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-figure-theorique-d-une-liuryalide-supposee-vue-en-b1zectka.png Fig. 4. Figure théorique d'une lîuryalide supposée vue en planisphère. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-houppe-dorsale-de-solasler-papposa-grossie-120-fois-27f4ve0o.png Fig. 5 Ophiolcph riUntn. vu sur le dos Fig. 6. Trois pièces ventrales (a) d'un Ophioderma luiigkanda avec les pièces l\ et A') qui leur adhèrent Sur les pièces A, les piquants ont été enlevés. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-plaque-latero-ventrale-apres-maceration-dans-la-3pua6fmg.png Fig 8. Une pièce ambulacrairc .\ d' Opliiocoma echinata portant un piquant p qui lui adhère par le liganieni circulaire /. Les autres piquants sont détachés, cl laissent visibles le? apophyses en forme de V qui leur correspondent sur la pièce ambulacrairc. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-fragment-du-dos-d-un-aslerisciis-membranaceus-fig-1-2m03ph26.png Fig. 1 1 . Fragment du dos d'un Aslerisciis membranaceus. Fig. 1 i. Partie d'un rayon de Ckœlasler subulalus vu sur la partie dorsale. Une partie des pièces tergales T a été enlevée pour montrer les peliles pièces supplémentaires l'alternant avec les grandes pièces. Fig. '13. Partie d'un rayon de Liddia maculala vu sur le dos. On voit en I la dernière rangée interambulacrairo. Au milieu du dos, les rangées des pièces tergales deviennent irrégulières. https://scispace.com/papers/memetic-algorithms-with-variable-depth-search-to-overcome-2i58v7k6q9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-global-optimum-top-and-a-local-optimum-bottom-for-12bt9fjd.png Figure 1: A global optimum (top) and a local optimum (bottom) for the Mincut instance with n = 16. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-the-fitness-landscape-according-to-the-6a6qp2em.png Figure 2: Sketch of the fitness landscape according to the Maxsat instance with n = 30. https://scispace.com/papers/mental-illness-in-the-uk-criminal-justice-system-a-police-4j39mp5cgr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-scores-on-mental-health-measures-and-2qmkiysl.png Table II. Summary scores on mental health measures and primary diagnoses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screening-and-assessment-schema-1zon7bsv.png Figure 1. Screening and assessment schema. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-recommended-follow-up-service-s-q8dfu5qe.png Table I. Recommended follow-up service(s) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-reason-for-clients-contact-with-professional-and-2xg8idih.png Table III. Reason for clients’ contact with professional and their mental health rating (n=14) https://scispace.com/papers/menage-a-trois-the-amoeba-nuclearia-sp-from-lake-zurich-with-3zvqq2sih9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-oligonucleotide-probes-designed-in-this-study-fa-1duafk14.png Table 2. Oligonucleotide probes designed in this study. FA% = Formamide concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-of-the-features-of-nuclearia-sp-strain-3i0ic3p1.png Table 1. A comparison of the features of Nuclearia sp. strain N versus those described for Nuclearia thermophila. Note that the two isolates show 99.6 % sequence identity for 18S rDNA (1804 bp). Morphological features in bold indicate differences between the two isolates. https://scispace.com/papers/mercat-a-metric-for-the-evaluation-and-reconsideration-of-3urxshr0fz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-evaluations-smg-results-3qf69dkt.png Figure 4: Comparison of the evaluation’s SMG results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-prices-of-dv-certificates-year-in-u-s-dollars-19dnrid6.png Table 5: Prices of DV certificates/year (in U.S. dollars). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-evaluation-results-down-to-the-submetrics-level-29b3d1dd.png Table 8: Evaluation results (down to the submetrics level). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overview-of-the-evaluations-overall-trustworthiness-1n322sno.png Figure 5: Overview of the evaluation’s overall trustworthiness score results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-evaluation-results-raw-data-collection-details-37b0isik.png Table 7: Evaluation results (raw data collection details without calculation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relations-of-main-policies-concerning-root-3utj7m8n.png Figure 1: Relations of main policies concerning root certificate inclusion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-metric-development-process-bu18lnn3.png Figure 2: Overview of the metric development process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-submetric-details-continued-2jkl9rql.png Table 6: Submetric details (continued). https://scispace.com/papers/mercury-dynamics-in-lake-sediments-1g57v7003m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2yuyec00.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-concentrations-of-corg-fe-ox-hgt-and-mehg-in-the-top-2x5gsucl.png Table 3. Concentrations of Corg, Fe-ox, HgT and MeHg in the top 0.5-cm layer of Lake Tantaré 1272 Basin A sediments as well as molar ratios in this sediment layer and in the Fe-rich material 1273 collected with the Teflon sheets. 1274 1275 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2nttiong.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-2nx6633o.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-location-and-characteristics-of-the-study-lakes-1261-1frojtb1.png Table 1. Location and characteristics of the study lakes. 1261 1262 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-qfptmvp8.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/mercury-levels-of-yellowfin-tuna-thunnus-albacares-are-1h1mfe869v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relationships-between-fish-length-and-lipid-content-3k1y1csx.png Fig. 1. Relationships between fish length and lipid content, versus methylmercury concentration. (A) Methylmercury concentration of each of the 117-individual fish versus standard length in cm (R2 < 0.1461, Pearson's r < 0.3822). The slope of the fitted regression line was significantly different from zero (p < 0.0001). (B) Methylmercury concentration versus lipid content from 117 individual fish (R2 < 0.00007, Pearson's r < "0.00837). The slope of the fitted regression line was not significantly different from zero (p < 0.9286). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-individual-tuna-methylmercury-levels-indicate-2a9085xk.png Fig. 4. Individual tuna methylmercury levels indicate clustering by location of catch. Shown are the ranked methylmercury levels across the 117-individual tuna. Eight of the top 20 contaminated fish (pink pattern) were caught in the NPO, while all 10 tuna from the NWPO contributed to the bottom 20 contaminated fish (yellow pattern). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-total-mercury-and-methylmercury-concentrations-3hswssu7.png Table 1 Mean total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Listed are the means (±S.D.) of total mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mg/g wet weight from tuna caught at the 12 locations. In addition, the means of the standard lengths are listed in centimeter (cm) and the means of the lipid content in the tuna muscle in weight%. Significance letters of the pairwise multiple comparison of mean methylmercury levels across sampling sites using Tukey-Kramer HSD at a ¼ 0.05 are listed (A-D). For details on the p-values of the respective pairwise comparison, please refer to Table S1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-levels-of-methylmercury-in-yellowfin-tuna-vary-3by91yb1.png Fig. 3. Mean levels of methylmercury in yellowfin tuna vary significantly by location of capture. (A) Box and whisker plots represent the mass-based ranges of methylmercury at the 12 capture locations. The horizontal line represents the 50th percentile, and the box represents the 25th and 75th percentiles. The white diamonds show the mean values and the bars at the end of the whiskers represent the minimum and maximum values. The red hollow spheres to the left of each boxplot display the values for each individual fish. EPA's maximum advisable methylmercury fish tissue concentration is marked as a blue-dashed line. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-geographic-differences-in-methylmercury-levels-of-nsovhhu6.png Fig. 2. The geographic differences in methylmercury levels of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). The heat map shows the mean levels of methylmercury for tuna caught from 12 different locations (mg/g wet weight). Groups with means that were significantly different from each other are indicated with letters (a ¼ 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/mesures-de-restrictions-envers-les-flux-des-investissements-509bigj6i6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correspondence-between-oecd-fdi-project-gats-and-2hegclgl.png Table 2. Correspondence between OECD FDI project, GATS and Australian Productivity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fdi-restrictions-over-time-in-selected-sectors-1981-350qkclm.png Figure 7. FDI restrictions over time in selected sectors, 1981-19981 OECD average2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-hardin-and-holmes-coefficients-on-fdi-restrictions-e00o2rkn.png Table A.1. Hardin and Holmes coefficients on FDI restrictions (maximum 1.0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-sectoral-patterns-of-fdi-restrictions-1-1998-150eha5j.png Figure 4. Cross-sectoral patterns of FDI restrictions,1 1998-2000 (cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-effects-of-removing-intra-european-preferences-on-377z53o6.png Figure A.1. Effects of removing intra-european preferences on FDI restrictions 1998/20001 European countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fdi-restrictions-in-oecd-countries-1998-2000-nvxzgk2d.png Figure 5. FDI restrictions in OECD countries, 1998/2000: breakdown by type of restriction1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coefficients-on-fdi-restrictions-maximum-1-0-16wema92.png Table 1. Coefficients on FDI restrictions (maximum 1.0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-removing-intra-european-preferences-on-aivocbei.png Figure 2. Effects of removing intra-european preferences on FDI restrictions1 https://scispace.com/papers/meta-analysis-of-genome-wide-association-studies-of-akbrungnng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-breakdown-of-samples-included-in-the-analysis-2bb0g4df.png TABLE 1 Breakdown of Samples Included in the Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quantile-quantile-qq-plot-of-candidate-genes-note-zmdyl6hm.png FIGURE 3 Quantile– quantile (QQ) plot of candidate genes. Note: The QQ plot shows the distribution of expected p values against the observed distribution. The red dashed line represents the 95% confidence interval for the distribution of results. These p values are uncorrected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-region-association-plots-are-shown-here-note-36jqa36m.png FIGURE 2 Three region association plots are shown here. Note: On the x-axis is the base pair position based on the human genome 18 build. On the left y axis, the _log10(P-value) is reported. On the right y-axis, the recombination rate in cM per Mb is shown. The points are each individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), genotyped and imputed, color-coded by r2 to the most significant SNP in each region with dark red indicating an r2 between 0.8 and1 (high linkage disequilibrium [LD]), light red indicating an r2 between 0.5 and 0.8 (moderate LD), light pink indicating an r2 between 0.2 and 0.5 (low LD), and white indicating an r2 between 0 and 0.2 (no LD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quantile-quantile-qq-plot-of-the-metaanalysis-of-1vewab7y.png FIGURE 1 Quantile– quantile (QQ) plot of the metaanalysis of four attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder genomewide associations studies. Note: The QQ plot shows the distribution of expected p-values based against observer distribution. There is slight inflammation in the distribution of results, as indicated by the lambda of 1.025. The red dashed line represents the 95% confidence interval for the distribution of results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-top-50-results-from-candidate-genes-3i7zkmda.png TABLE 3 Top 50 Results from Candidate Genes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-50-hits-from-the-genome-wide-attention-deficit-gib6ua5w.png TABLE 2 Top 50 Hits from The Genome-Wide Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Meta-Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/metabolomics-approaches-in-experimental-allergic-1qt1libdy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nmr-resonance-assignments-of-the-metabolites-2jfzpnmn.png Table 1 NMR resonance assignments of the metabolites identified in samples of Lewis rats with EAE. Each peak in the 2D spectra represents a correlation 1H – 13C. The groups in bold text were used to perform the metabolites' quantification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bi-component-opls-da-models-in-lumbar-a-thoracic-b-and-27foa6hg.png Fig. 1. Bi-component OPLS-DA models in lumbar (A), thoracic (B) and cervical (C) spinal cord, brain (D) and optic nerve (E): EAE group (full symbols) and control group (open symbols). These OPLS-DA were employed to optimize the separation between groups and to classify the samples in each model. OPLS-DA was performed on the whole set of variables (spectral interval of 0.01 ppm) to select those with real discriminating power. Cross-validation was used in each OPLS-DA model to determine the number of components and to avoid data overfitting. Two measurements of model quality were reported for OPLS-DA: R2Y and Q2 representing, respectively, the accuracy of fit (i.e. data variation) and the accuracy of prediction, as estimated by cross-validation. Q2 ≥ 0.5 can be considered as a good predictor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-metabolic-network-analysis-using-adema-in-lumbar-n8d23p6a.png Fig. 2. Metabolic network analysis using ADEMA in lumbar spinal cord. The red, green and blue arrows respectively indicate the metabolites that are predicted to increase, decrease or remain stable, in the EAE group. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metabolites-that-are-predicted-to-increase-red-f8rbdod9.png Table 2 Metabolites that are predicted to increase (red), decrease (green) or remain stable (=), in the EAE group in comparison with the control group. GPC, glycerophosphocholine; PC, phosphocholine; LSC, lumbar spinal cord; TSC, thoracic spinal cord; CSV, cervical spinal cord; B, brain; ON, optic nerve. https://scispace.com/papers/metabolism-and-regulation-of-canonical-histone-mrnas-life-15ozex0rg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-strategies-for-supplying-canonical-histones-in-2gwsk32b.png Figure 6. Strategies for supplying canonical histones in early embryogenesis a In Drosophila melanogaster, histone mRNA is synthesized at the end of oogenesis, translated, and histone protein and mRNA is loaded into the oocyte from the nurse cells. In the early embryo, stem–loop binding protein (SLBP) is not active and no histone mRNA is transcribed, and the stored histone protein provides the supply of histone until histone gene transcription is activated. b In Xenopus laevis, histone mRNA is made early in oogenesis and translated to provide a store of histone protein. Histone mRNA made later in oogenesis is stored in association with a distinct SLBP, SLBP2, which represses histone mRNA translation. SLBP2 is destroyed during oocyte maturation and SLBP1 can then bind, activating translation of the stored histone mRNA. The combination of stored histone protein, synthesized early in oogenesis, and newly synthesized histone protein provides the histones until zygotic transcription is activated. c In the sea urchin Strongylocentrus purpuratus, histone mRNA is synthesized and retained in the pronucleus after completion of meiosis, where it is probably complexed with SLBP. The histone messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) is released after the first mitosis, allowing translation of histone mRNA in the next cell cycle. d In the mouse, histone mRNA and SLBP mRNA are synthesized in the oocyte but SLBP protein does not accumulate. During oocyte maturation, SLBP rapidly accumulates owing to translation of the maternal mRNA. This SLBP can then activate the translation of maternal histone mRNA. https://scispace.com/papers/metal-free-deoxygenation-of-amine-n-oxides-synthetic-and-y0y152kgni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dft-calculated-gibbs-energy-profiles-for-the-37gf2ti8.png Figure 4. DFT–calculated Gibbs energy profiles for the reactions of phenylsilane with 1 and 4a, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-s0-and-s1-free-energy-surfaces-for-the-4-cyano-3bao9s9t.png Figure 3. S0 and S1 free energy surfaces for the 4-cyano pyridine N-oxide (1a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scope-of-the-photochemical-deoxygenation-of-3ly6ejar.png Figure 1. Scope of the photochemical deoxygenation of heteroaromatic N– oxides. Reaction conditions: 1 (0.5 mmol, 1 equiv.), phenylsilane (0.65 mmol, 1.3 equiv.), 2b (10 mol %), acetonitrile (5 mL), Blue LEDs (5 W), 16h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scope-of-the-photochemical-deoxygenation-of-37xmojid.png Figure 2. Scope of the photochemical deoxygenation of aliphatic amine N– oxides. Reaction conditions: 4 (0.5 mmol, 1 equiv.), phenylsilane (0.65 mmol, 1.3 equiv.), acetonitrile (5 mL). https://scispace.com/papers/metal-based-drugs-design-synthesis-and-in-vitro-ptrhyok9qy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-measurements-and-analytical-data-of-metal-33lw7211.png Table 1. Physical Measurements and Analytical Data of Metal(II) Complexes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-selected-bond-angles-deg-of-ligand-l1-39eoh26l.png Table 5. Selected Bond Angles (deg) of Ligand (L1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crystal-data-and-details-structure-determinations-of-25n3v5v5.png Table 3. Crystal Data and Details Structure Determinations of Ligand (L1) and their Cu(L1)2 Complex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hydrogen-bond-geometry-adeg-of-ligand-l1-1f3hmxeq.png Table 6. Hydrogen Bond Geometry (Å°) of Ligand (L1). https://scispace.com/papers/metal-bioaccumulation-and-metallothionein-concentrations-in-5xsely7dtx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-copper-ng-cu-mg-protein-1-and-metallothionein-ug-mt-29usxko9.png Table 2 : Copper (ng Cu mg protein-1) and metallothionein (µg MT mg protein-1) concentrations in Crassostrea gigas larvae (<LD : detection limit 0.25 µg Cu l-1 ; ND : not determined). The nominal exposure Cu concentration and the measured Cu concentration in the incubation medium are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cadmium-ng-cd-mg-protein-1-and-metallothionein-ug-mt-1zlvsfc2.png Table 3 : Cadmium (ng Cd mg protein-1) and metallothionein (µg MT mg protein-1) concentrations in Crassostrea gigas larvae. The nominal exposure Cd concentration and the measured Cd concentration in the incubation medium are also given. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-of-abnormal-larvae-y-axis-as-a-function-of-7kf8lkyf.png Fig. 2. Percentage of abnormal larvae (Y axis) as a function of increasing concentrations of CuSO4 (0 to 80 µg l1) in the incubation medium of larvae : a) from Arcachon; b) from Bidassoa. The EC50 was determined by probit calculation given in the text and graphically. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-the-reference-material-lobster-tbfy15wu.png Table 1. Analysis of the reference material Lobster Hepatopancreas TORT-2. (National Research Council Canada). Mean values + 1 standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-experiment-of-july-2004-protein-tbars-cu-and-mt-11rd9kuo.png Table 4. Experiment of July 2004 : Protein, TBARS, Cu and MT concentrations and catalase activity in larvae from different origin Arcachon (ARC) and Bidassoa (BID) and treated with increasing Cu concentrations (expressed as µg l-1). Standard deviations are shown in parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mt-concentrations-ug-mt-mg-protein-1-1-standard-3l3koz0i.png Fig. 3. MT concentrations (µg MT mg protein-1 ± 1 standard deviation) in larvae from parents from Arcachon ( ) or Bidassoa ( ) exposed to increasing copper concentrations in the experiment of July 2003. ANOVA significant, Tuckey’s test post-hoc comparison with the controls significant at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-variation-of-mt-concentrations-in-control-larvae-wm2mpu2v.png Fig. 1. Variation of MT concentrations in control larvae (expressed as µg MT g-1 wet weight) as function of temperature (20 and 25 °C ) and salinity (indicated on X axis : 25, 30 and 35) https://scispace.com/papers/metal-free-photoinduced-c-sp3-h-borylation-of-alkanes-1irwacslu8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-photoinduced-c-h-borylations-of-silanes-reactions-were-2t0e3zb8.png Fig. 3. Photoinduced C–H borylations of silanes. Reactions were performed with 0.3 mmol of B2(cat)2. Yields are of isolated products. The r.r. was determined by 1H NMR analysis. Numbers in parentheses show 3 yields obtained using different silane stoichiometry (a3 equiv., b5 equiv., c20 equiv.). dUsing 1.0 equiv. silane and 1.2 equiv. B2(cat)2. eThe r.r. was determined by GC analysis. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photoinduced-c-h-borylations-of-alkanes-reactions-were-27uj976f.png Fig. 2. Photoinduced C–H borylations of alkanes. Reactions were performed with 0.3 mmol of B2(cat)2. Yields are of isolated products. Regioisomeric ratios (r.r.) and diastereomeric ratios (d.r.) were determined 3 by GC analysis. Numbers in parentheses show yields obtained using different alkane stoichiometry (a20 equiv., b5 equiv., c3 equiv.). dThe r.r. and d.r. were determined by 1H NMR analysis after oxidation to the corresponding alcohol. eThe yield was determined by GC analysis. fThe r.r. and d.r. were determined by 1H 6 NMR analysis. gUsing 1.0 equiv. alkane and 1.2 equiv. B2(cat)2. N(Phth), N-phthalimide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-catalytic-c-h-borylation-reactions-a-transition-metal-1pod3zk2.png Fig. 1. Catalytic C–H borylation reactions. a, Transition metal-catalysed C–H borylations. These reactions proceed via cleavage of the C–H bond by the metal catalyst to form alkyl metal intermediates. b, 3 Proposed radical-mediated C(sp3)–H borylation using HAT catalysis. c, Photoinduced decarboxylative borylation of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters 127 and proposed C(sp3)–H borylation using Nalkoxyphthalimides 7. d, Reaction development. Yields are based on molar equivalents of 2. LED, light-6 emitting diode; cat, catecholato; pin, pinacolato. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mechanistic-studies-a-evidence-for-the-formation-of-1n7667m4.png Fig. 4. Mechanistic studies. a, Evidence for the formation of chlorine radicals. b, Proposed mechanism. c, Effect of B2(cat)2 and borate 78 concentration on regioselectivity in the borylation of pentane. d, Trapping 3 of tertiary and hindered secondary alkyl radicals. https://scispace.com/papers/metalation-and-maturation-of-zinc-ectoenzymes-a-perspective-1tcjieim1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simple-model-of-cellular-copper-metabolism-for-3icm1e57.png Figure 1. Simple model of cellular copper metabolism for copper ectoenzyme metalation and activation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-activation-and-stability-of-zinc-ectoenzymes-when-a76d50cl.png Table 1. Activation and stability of zinc ectoenzymes when expressed in cells lacking ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers and ZNT7 homodimers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-znt-complexes-contribute-to-both-stabilization-and-3o91f1sy.png Figure 4. ZNT complexes contribute to both stabilization and metalation of zinc ectoenzymes in the compartments of the early secretory pathway https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simple-model-of-cellular-zinc-metabolism-for-zinc-2h9m2m17.png Figure 3. Simple model of cellular zinc metabolism for zinc ectoenzyme metalation and activation https://scispace.com/papers/metalorganic-chemical-vapor-deposition-of-magnetoresistive-zmmk5v88kr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependence-of-the-infrared-absorptions-of-xl5aq0wp.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependence of the infrared absorptions of Pr DPM 3 , Ca DPM 2, and Mn DPM 3 at 1222 cm−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-situ-infrared-absorption-spectra-of-a-pr-dpm-3-b-ca-3a5x7fd5.png FIG. 2. In situ infrared absorption spectra of a Pr DPM 3, b Ca DPM 2, and c Mn DPM 3 under O2 atmosphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-atomic-composition-in-calcium-doped-praseodymium-1be8qro2.png FIG. 4. Atomic composition in calcium-doped praseodymium manganite films as a function of the flow rate of Ca DPM 2. The flow rates of Pr DPM 3 and Mn DPM 3 were fixed at constant values of 0.1 sccm and 0.2 sccm, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ca-pr-ca-ratio-of-the-pcmo-films-as-a-function-of-the-frfcy16k.png FIG. 5. Ca/ Pr+Ca ratio of the PCMO films as a function of the flow rate of Ca DPM 2. https://scispace.com/papers/metamaterials-for-electromagnetic-and-thermal-waves-t3zuvsdb2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-condrocytes-from-the-articular-cartilage-of-knee-joint-dlvy1f51.png Fig. 3. Condrocytes from the articular cartilage of knee joint: (a) optical (left) and thermal (right) imaging technique; (b) Electromagnetic (left) and thermal (right) waveguide around 90 degrees corner; (c) battery voltage and thermal management: experimental setup (left) and results (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-manufacturing-steps-a-particulate-filler-preparation-2biqtqj0.png Fig. 2. Manufacturing steps: (a) Particulate Filler Preparation and (b) Composite Production; (c) Manufactured samples: copper-based (left); copper/nickel-based (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-equivalences-for-electrical-and-thermal-circuit-2g94nmzy.png TABLE II. EQUIVALENCES FOR ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-generic-metamaterial-conmposed-by-mushroom-tipe-w311tgmw.png Fig. 1. (a) Generic metamaterial conmposed by mushroom-tipe inclusions; (b) Side view of the unit-cell showing electromagnetic/thermal field lines (capacitance C) and vortexes (inductance L); Equivalent circuit model for (c) electromagnetic and (d) thermal phenomena. https://scispace.com/papers/metamorphic-testing-and-special-case-testing-a-case-study-3mfylqujav 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mutation-score-and-fault-detection-ratio-of-special-2ish90a9.png Table 4 Mutation score and fault detection ratio of special case testing and metamorphic testing with special test cases (Nc = 8, Nm = 9) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fault-detection-ratio-of-metamorphic-testing-vs-2ptbjg04.png Table 5 Fault detection ratio of metamorphic testing vs. special case testing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-atomic-properties-for-sparse-matrix-multiplication-160xvw7b.png Table 1 Atomic properties for sparse matrix multiplication https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-metamorphic-relations-3owqei8x.png Table 2 Metamorphic relations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-verdicts-report-by-special-case-testing-and-31ppwt4u.png Table 3 Test verdicts report by special case testing and metamorphic testing with special test cases https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mutation-score-and-fault-detection-ratio-of-3p1j1tv4.png Table 6 Mutation score and fault detection ratio of metamorphic testing with random test cases (Nc = 8, Nc = 9) https://scispace.com/papers/methodological-challenges-in-developing-a-youth-5gk0301hi4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modules-and-number-of-questions-of-the-tyq-18xs4j8b.png Table 1. Modules and Number of Questions of the TYQ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-multi-step-methodology-including-1y619044.png Figure 1. Flowchart of the multi-step methodology, including the three phases of developing https://scispace.com/papers/methodological-considerations-and-future-insights-for-24-1v7depfurw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-limitations-of-the-24-hr-recall-method-with-children-t6fv1rmd.png Table 1: Limitations of the 24-hr recall method with children, and methods to improve 459 accuracy of the data captured 460 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-iterative-cycle-of-improvement-of-dietary-2wf1dikw.png Figure 1 - Iterative cycle of improvement of dietary assessment methodologies. 502 https://scispace.com/papers/methodological-rigor-and-temporal-trends-of-cardiovascular-1gdegrxzxh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temporal-trend-in-the-proportion-of-published-2vbca3vl.png Figure 3. Temporal trend in the proportion of published cardiovascular medicine- related systematic reviews and metaanalyses with PROSPERO registration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-characteristics-of-cardiovascular-medicine-1fyk1unj.png Table 1. Overall Characteristics of Cardiovascular Medicine−Related Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-trend-among-systematic-reviews-and-meta-3l3uv109.png Figure 2. Temporal trend among systematic reviews and meta- analyses failing to comply with PRISMA or MOOSE guideline elements. https://scispace.com/papers/methods-and-guidelines-for-the-design-and-development-of-4k377gglyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-different-display-artefacts-were-discussed-and-1g4r9ccd.png Fig. 2. Different display artefacts were discussed and documented in the visited homes. It is to be noted that people embed such artefacts in their physical environment: e.g., on the door as shown in picture d); on the fridge as shown in picture e); on the bookshelf as shown in picture c). Even though the location of such artefacts corresponds to individual spatial semantics, displays are mostly hybrid; i.e., in the same area decorative, reminder and communication displays can be found. E.g., picture f) shows a communication display that serves also the purpose of reminding scheduled activities; picture a) shows decorative display artefacts, such as the picture of the cat, together with reminders such as a concert ticket. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-different-types-and-technologies-of-displays-are-1x8ybi8n.png Fig. 1. Different types and technologies of displays are investigated. Figure a) shows a steerable projector for projection based interfaces; b) shows a tablet PC with touch screen technology embedded in the kitchen environment; c) shows a small wireless connected LCD display. Such displays provide different potential solutions and affordances for domestic displays. https://scispace.com/papers/methods-for-evaluating-prediction-performance-of-biomarkers-3dcw9uucet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-case-and-control-distributions-of-risk-shown-with-1-cd-1s42jryg.png Fig. 4 Case and control distributions of risk shown with 1−cd f functions,HRC(t) = P(risk(X)> t|D= 1) and HRN(t) = P(risk(X)> t|D= 0) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-event-and-nonevent-risk-reclassificationtables-9hk3d69e.png Table 4 Event and Nonevent Risk ReclassificationTables Events https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-of-r-x-y-within-strata-defined-by-r-x-2j515j0d.png Table 5 Performance of r(X ,Y) within strata defined by r(X) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-proprtions-of-cases-and-controls-above-risk-threshold-hh4ckvcg.png Fig. 7 Proprtions of cases and controls above risk threshold r and corresponding standardized net benefit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-example-where-cat-nri-0-but-there-is-no-performance-kb1ul01n.png Table 7 Example where cat-NRI> 0 but there is no performance improvement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calibration-with-the-calibration-plot-3azyjitx.png Fig. 2 Calibration with the calibration plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-case-and-control-risk-distributions-on-the-logit-scale-3sij01q9.png Fig. 3 Case and Control risk distributions on the logit scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportions-of-subjects-in-each-of-3-risk-categories-1ov8m6lt.png Table 2 Proportions of subjects in each of 3 risk categories. Risk refers to 10-year probability of a cardiovascular event. https://scispace.com/papers/methoxy-radical-adsorption-on-gold-nanoparticles-a-nvcti39whb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adsorption-energies-of-the-sch3-nhch3-and-och3-1dekgayu.png Table 1 Adsorption energies of the SCH3, NHCH3 and OCH3 radicals on Au(111), Au(100) and Au(110), according to their adsorption position. Nad is the number of adatoms in the simulation cell. ∗ hfcc and hhcp corresponds to the adatom position on Au(111). Numbers in bold are the most stable positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adsorption-positions-in-presence-of-adatoms-gold-in-2kmo78jk.png Fig. 1 Adsorption positions in presence of adatoms (gold in yellow, gold adatoms in cyan, heteroatom in red, carbon in green and hydrogen in white). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tilt-angle-in-between-the-gold-surface-and-the-line-2of4tw72.png Fig. 4 Tilt angle (in ◦) between the gold surface and the line containing the carbon atom and the heteroatom of the adsorbed SCH3 (blue), OCH3 (red) and NHCH3 (green) radicals as a function of the average distance <dX−Surf> (in Å) between the heteroatom of the adsorbed radical and the gold surface. Adsorptions on flat surfaces are represented by solid symbols and those involving adatoms by empty symbols. https://scispace.com/papers/methyl-and-tert-butyl-reorientation-and-distributions-of-3xkgvprhkn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-relaxation-weight-akr-e-as-a-function-of-3qilz0ws.png FIG. 14. The relaxation weight AKr (E) as a function of activation energy E for 2,4-DTHB deduced from the distribution in Fig. 13 and the parameters A and K Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-measured-high-temperature-r-vs-tin-24-dthb-the-10apwz4i.png FIG. 12. Measured high temperature R vs Tin 2,4-DTHB. The symbols are explained in the caption to Fig. 3. The solid line is discussed in the caption to Fig. 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-the-normalized-distributions-of-activation-energies-3v3ynbho.png FIG. 13. The normalized distributions of activation energies in the fit R vs T and IV for 2,4-DTHB in Figs. 11 and 12. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-r-vs-tin-25-dthb-od-at-w-21t-8-50-circles-22-2hfh75hh.png FIG. 4. Measured R vs Tin 2,5- DTHB-OD at W/21T = 8.50 (circles), 22.5 (triangles), and 53.0 MHz (squares). The solid line is a fit to the BPP spectral density as discussed in the text. The details of the fit at high T are shown in Fig. 5 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-high-temperature-r-vs-tin-25-dthb-od-at-w-21t-2amox9t8.png FIG. 5. Measured high temperature R vs Tin 2,5-DTHB-OD at W/21T = 8.50 (circles), 22.5 (triangles), and 53.0 MHz (squares). The solid line is a fit to the BPP spectral density as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-measured-r-vs-t-in-2-sdthb-od-at-w121t-8-s0-circles-22-18y3r1go.png FIG. 8. Measured R vs T in 2,SDTHB-OD at w121T = 8.S0 (circles), 22.5 (triangles), and 53.0 MHz (squares). The solid line is a fit to the Frolich spectral density with activation energy distributions as shown in Fig. 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-measured-r-vs-tin-24-dthb-the-symbols-are-explained-10j2cn3j.png FIG. 10. Measured R vs Tin 2,4-DTHB. The symbols are explained in the caption to Fig. 3. The theoretical lines follow from using the Frolich spectral density as discussed in the text. The solid line is that used for 2,S-DTHB in Fig. 8 which, in turn, employs the distribution of activation energies shown in Fig. 9. The dashed-dotted line is obtained by widening these three distributions by 8.3 kl/mo!. The dotted line is obtained by widening these distributions by a further 8.3 kl/mol but with a 0.8 kl/mollower limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-normalized-distributions-of-activation-energies-3hj5djcx.png FIG. 9. The normalized distributions of activation energies used in the fit for R vs T and w for 2,S-DTHB-OD in Fig. 8. r (E.) is a Dirac 8 function and is indicated schematically. https://scispace.com/papers/methyl-mercury-formation-in-hillslope-soils-of-boreal-43hli66913 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-sd-concentrations-of-mehg-mehg-of-hgtot-in-i4mzx02e.png Figure 2. Average (±SD) concentrations of MeHg, %MeHg of HgTOT in soil prior to incubation, 273 potential methylation rate constant (km) and soil water content (% of wet soil mass) for soil 274 samples taken at clear-cuts (CCs, including REF4 P3 that was affected by clear-cutting, N=7) 275 and reference stands (REFs, N=3). Data in Table S7, SI. Corresponding plots for log-transformed 276 data are for clarity presented in SI, Figure S3. 277 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-pattern-of-mass-soil-water-upper-left-o-8uwfha47.png Figure 1. Spatial pattern of mass-% soil water (upper left), O horizon thickness (bars) and 239 groundwater table (lines, lower left) and %MeHg of HgTOT and areal mass of HgTOT (right) for 240 the five sampling points (P1-P5) along hillslopes with average distances to stream denoted. 241 Average values ± SE are reported for reference stands (REF, N=4) and clear-cuts (CC, N=4). 242 Data are reported in Table S5 and S6, SI. All sampling positions were forested at REFs and prior 243 to harvest at CCs. 244 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-potential-methylation-rate-constants-km-determined-1kbxsg6d.png Figure 3. Potential methylation rate constants (km) determined for the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationships-between-mehg-of-hgtot-in-soil-samples-1dn1q97s.png Figure 4. Relationships between %MeHg (of HgTOT) in soil samples prior to incubation and 356 potential Hg methylation rate constant km determined for clear-cuts (CCs, red symbols N=6) and 357 references (REFs, green symbols N=3). Linear model (a) and nonlinear model (b). The sample 358 REF4 BML P3 was excluded from the plot. Dotted lines display 95% confidence intervals. 359 https://scispace.com/papers/metrics-and-benchmarks-for-energy-efficiency-in-laboratories-3fg4aml9e0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ventilation-system-efficiency-at-peak-conditions-1omk74k7.png Figure 5. Ventilation system efficiency at peak conditions for various laboratory facilities in the Labs21 energy benchmarking database. The benchmarks for standard, good, and better practice are based on the Labs21 Best Practice Guide on Low Pressure Drop Design for Laboratories 11. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-issues-addressed-by-the-labs21-modeling-guidelines-bgln0sw7.png Table 1. Issues addressed by the Labs21 Modeling Guidelines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-design-loads-and-measured-plug-loads-pw7tkv6h.png Figure 6. Comparison of design loads and measured plug loads in various laboratory spaces at the University of California, Davis. Measurements were taken over a 2-week period while labs were fully occupied. Des W/ sf is the peak plug load assumption for electrical design. Des heat W/sf is the peak plug load assumption for HVAC design. Max VA/sf is the measured peak (instantaneous) apparent power. Max Avg W/sf is the maximum of the 15-minute averages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-options-to-calculate-percentage-reduction-3432294l.png Figure 1. Different options to calculate percentage reduction—results for the Science and Technology Facility at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Source: NREL/AEC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-air-change-rates-recommended-in-various-standards-3r9uuitz.png Table 2. Air-change rates recommended in various standards and selected projects 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-empirical-benchmarking-data-from-labs21-database-18k6tb3w.png Figure 2. Empirical benchmarking data from Labs21 database for laboratories with lab area ratio between 0.4-0.6 and located in the warm marine climate zone (e.g., San Francisco). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-sash-management-training-on-airflow-31829ynp.png Figure 4. Impact of sash management training on airflow management ratios for a laboratory at Duke University. The airflow with sash open was 650 cfm, and with sash closed was 340 cfm. Therefore, the airflow ratio if sashes were never closed would have been 1.91. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fume-hood-density-for-selected-academic-1xj9adil.png Figure 3. Fume-hood density for selected academic laboratories across the University of California and California State University. Data source: UC/CSU/IOU Monitoring-based Commissioning Program. https://scispace.com/papers/metrics-to-relate-covid-19-wastewater-data-to-clinical-57hzwdb35o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-transfer-function-between-wastewater-and-clinical-3dihei74.png Figure 4 Transfer function between wastewater and clinical cases becomes more peaked in the second wave of the pandemic. We modeled clinically reported new cases as the convolution between wastewater viral titers and an unknown transfer function. (A, C) Our model finds parameters of a beta function that minimizes the sum of squared error (SSE) between the model prediction (orange) and the observed (blue) clinical new cases. (B, D) The maximum likelihood estimate of the transfer function (black) with 100 accepted Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) parameter sets in blue. Before 8/15, the transfer function has a broad peak and long tail. After 8/15, the transfer function becomes more sharply peaked. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sars-cov-2-rna-titers-in-massachusetts-wastewater-3onjnind.png Figure 1 SARS-CoV-2 RNA titers in Massachusetts wastewater and new clinical cases. Seven-day averages of wastewater viral titers (blue) and new clinical cases reported for the three counties in the catchment (orange) (41-43). We marked major holidays (top), major social events (middle), and state reopening phases (bottom) in the three panels, respectively (Baker, 2021a, p. 2, 2021b, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c, 2020d, 2020e, 2020f, n.d.). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-wastewater-is-an-early-warning-of-new-cases-but-not-317pmlz0.png Figure 5 Wastewater is an early warning of new cases but not deaths, perhaps due to a changing demographic of the pandemic. (A) Seven-day averages of wastewater viral titers, new clinical cases in the three counties served by the WWTP (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2021b, 2020a, 2020b), and new reported deaths in the state of Massachusetts (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2021a). All three datasets are normalized by their sums for comparison. (B) Fraction of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-between-wastewater-viral-titers-and-2zuqyis7.png Figure 2 Ratio between wastewater viral titers and clinically reported new cases changes with testing availability. (A) Ratio between seven-day averages of wastewater viral concentration (genome copies/L) and clinically reported new cases changes over the course of the pandemic, with some spikes after key holidays, important events, and reopening phases. (B) PCR tests conducted each day in Massachusetts throughout the pandemic (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2021b). https://scispace.com/papers/mg2sio4-liquid-under-high-pressure-from-molecular-dynamics-53cjbkvwpo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-diffusivity-of-the-atomic-species-in-32h197k9.png Fig. 8. (color online) Diffusivity of the atomic species in Mg2SiO4 melt as a function of pressure. The upper panel shows the diffusivity for Mg, the middle panel for Si and the lower panel for O. Open red triangles present our results at 2800 K. Filled blue circles are from the rigid ion simulations Lacks et al. (2007) and open diamonds from the ab-initio molecularr dynamics by de Koker et al. (2008), both at 3000 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-viscosity-of-mg2sio4-melt-as-a-function-34i8sbmj.png Fig. 9. (color online) Viscosity of Mg2SiO4 melt as a function of pressure. Open red diamonds show our results at 2800 K, including an estimate of uncertainty.. Filled blue circles are from the rigid ion simulations of Lacks et al. (2007) at 3000 K. The star shows the experimental viscosity of Urbain et al. (1982) at 0 GPa, extrapolated to 2800 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-radial-distribution-functions-of-si-o-1pvp7qh2.png Fig. 4. (color online) Radial distribution functions of Si-O (black), Mg-O (blue) and O-O (red) at 0 GPa (solid lines) and 24 GPa (dashed lines) at 2800 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gruneisen-parameter-g-as-a-function-of-volume-for-3lgx4np9.png Fig. 3. Grüneisen parameter γ as a function of volume for Mg2SiO4 liquid. Values for different temperature simulations are shown by the symbols, and a linear fit to the results is included. For comparison γ from recent ab-initio results (de Koker et al., 2008) are included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-bond-angle-distribution-of-si-o-si-bonds-1oydp7hs.png Fig. 5. (color online) Bond-angle distribution of Si-O-Si bonds at 0 GPa (solid black line) and 24 GPa (dashed red line) at 2800 K. Vertical lines show the maximum in the distribution function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-average-si-a-and-mg-b-coordination-13sz0b2e.png Fig. 6. (color online) Average Si (a) and Mg (b) coordination numbers of Mg2SiO4. Closed circles present our results at 2800 K. For comparison we have included simulation results from ab-initio (de Koker et al., 2008) at 3000 K (black squares) and rigid ion simulations (Guillot and Sator, 2007b) on peridotite liquid at 2273 K (blue line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermodynamic-parameters-for-mg2sio4-melt-at-0-gpa-1yzizt7i.png Table 1 Thermodynamic parameters for Mg2SiO4 melt at 0 GPa and 2390 K, comparing our fit to experimental data, extrapolated to 2390 K. Experimental data at other temperatures are included for comparison and the temperature are included. Equation of state parameters are also included for recent ab-initio and rigid ion molecular dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-neutron-a-and-x-ray-b-weighted-total-2i7acbk3.png Fig. 7. (color online) Neutron (a) and X-ray (b) weighted total structure factors of Mg2SiO4 liquid at 2800 K and four different pressures. Contribution of partial structure factors to the neutron (c) and X-ray (d) total structure factor at 8 GPa. https://scispace.com/papers/mgh2-peg-initiating-system-for-ring-opening-polymerization-2xgs2zrgqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-the-surface-tension-of-aqueous-solution-sjsd0cnc.png Fig. 8. Variation of the surface tension of aqueous solution of block copolymers with the concentration: PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA (°) a) Mn = 25000 g mol -1 c) Mn = 15000 g mol -1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-pla-b-peg-b-pla-1mroyvye.png Fig. 4. 1H NMR spectrum of PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-peg-pcl-and-pcl-b-peg-b-3jtxb5ei.png Fig. 3. X-ray diffraction patterns of PEG, PCL and PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-peg-plla-and-pla-b-peg-b-3g740rka.png Fig. 6. X-ray diffraction pattern of PEG, PLLA and PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA. A), b), c) respectively sample 6, 4, 9 in Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-13c-nmr-spectrum-of-pcl-b-peg-b-pcl-509wq0cc.png Fig. 2. 13C NMR spectrum of PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-variation-of-the-surface-energy-gs-polar-gs-p-and-1wrsrd0o.png Fig. 7. Variation of the surface energy (γs), polar (γs p) and dispersive (γs d) components of PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA film with the increase of PLA block length (PEG 2000 g mol-1). Similar graphs were obtained for PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA and PCL-b-PEGb-PCL with PEG 10,000 g mol-1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-13c-nmr-spectrum-of-pla-b-peg-b-pla-3etgasm4.png Fig. 5. 13C NMR spectrum of PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA. https://scispace.com/papers/microbial-carbon-recycling-an-underestimated-process-wqfg0hkcsi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-maize-contribution-to-sugars-in-bulk-soil-mineral-2yxz3ihh.png Figure 2. Maize contribution to sugars in bulk soil, mineral, oPOM1.6 and oPOM2 fractions in the (a) Ap (0–30 cm) and (b) E-horizon (30– 45 cm). Latin letters (a–d) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among the individual sugars within one fraction. Greek letters (α− γ ) indicate significant differences among different fractions for individual sugars. Means and standard error (n= 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-mrt-of-total-and-individual-sugar-carbon-1oc3u6g3.png Table 2. Calculated MRT of total and individual sugar carbon in density fractions and bulk soil. Means and standard error (n= 4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-carbon-content-mg-c-g-1-dw-and-sugar-content-mg-c-g-1u48x9aj.png Table 1. Carbon content [mg C g−1(dw)] and sugar content [mg C g−1(dw)] in bulk soil, soil density fractions and wheat and maize plants. Latin letters (a–e) within one row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among the different sugars within one fraction. Greek letters (α− δ) within one column indicate significant differences among different fractions for individual sugars. Means and standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-organic-carbon-distribution-in-the-investigated-38m88isq.png Figure 1. Organic carbon distribution in the investigated density fractions. Means and standard error (n= 5). https://scispace.com/papers/microbial-stabilization-of-craft-beer-by-filtration-through-o09icykqm5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microbial-counts-log-cfu-ml-of-e-coli-inoculated-in-2chawywk.png Figure 2. Microbial counts (log CFU/mL) of E. coli inoculated in commercial pasteurized beer after filtering beer with non-functionalized particles (control) and EOC-functionalized supports. Mean values ± SD (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-zeta-potential-values-mv-of-the-bare-and-eoc-1ijdjaw4.png Table 1. Zeta potential values (mV) of the bare and EOC-functionalized silica microparticles. Mean values ± SD (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-microbial-counts-log-cfu-ml-of-mesophilic-bacteria-337gox0q.png Figure 4. Microbial counts (log CFU/mL) of mesophilic bacteria (A), lactic acid bacteria (B) and mold and yeast (C) after pre-washing and filtering beer with non-functionalized particles (control) and EOCfunctionalized supports. Mean values ± SD (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-microbial-counts-log-cfu-ml-of-mesophilic-bacteria-18oq58fo.png Figure 3. Microbial counts (log CFU/mL) of mesophilic bacteria (A), lactic acid bacteria (B) and mold and yeast (C) after filtering beer with non-functionalized particles (control) and EOC-functionalized supports. Mean values ± SD (n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-field-emission-scanning-electron-microscopy-images-e61bivjb.png Figure 1. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the bare and carvacrol-functionalized silica microparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-score-of-the-different-attributes-evaluated-1fwqwim7.png Table 4. Average score of the different attributes evaluated in non-filtered and filtered beer. Mean values ± SD (n=51). https://scispace.com/papers/microbiological-water-quality-of-managed-aquifer-recharge-15ptlz0pjb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geological-variations-in-25-mar-sites-across-study-2wbbz6pg.png Table 1: Geological variations in 25 MAR sites across study districts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-selected-mar-sites-for-the-current-study-located-in-w6xl8hbp.png Figure 1: Selected MAR sites for the current study located in coastal districts of Bangladesh https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-log10-mpn-fecal-coliform-and-e-coli-difference-1kkjfh0k.png Figure 2: Mean log10 MPN fecal coliform and E. coli difference between source/pond and MAR water (Note: bold italic font indicates dry season month) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-log10-mpn-reduction-in-mar-water-1isgkkv4.png Table 2: Mean log10 MPN reduction in MAR water https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fecal-contamination-in-mar-and-source-water-2016-392eqwil.png Table 3: Fecal contamination in MAR and source water, 2016-2017 https://scispace.com/papers/microcontroller-driven-fluid-injection-system-for-atomic-gso9mok0qa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bar-graph-depicting-the-relationship-between-the-rms-1mwf8wpn.png FIG. 4. Bar graph depicting the relationship between the rms of the amplitude noise level of the recording on a flat mica substratum and the rate of fluid flow 0–200 l /min . Mean values n=9 images are represented together with the standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-nanoscale-time-lapse-imaging-of-a-suspension-of-2rtt2aoh.png FIG. 5. Color Nanoscale time-lapse imaging of a suspension of doublestranded DNA the pBR322 plasmid in an atomic force microscope before, during, and after the injection of the anticancer drug daunorubicin 2 M . The elapsed time, expressed in seconds, before negative values and after positive values the injection of 5 l of daunorubicin into the fluid cell at t=0 is indicated above each image. The arrows in the last frame indicate the position at which positive supercoiled plectonemes are formed. Scan sizes correspond to 625 nm 256 256 pixels . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-scheme-of-the-injection-aspiration-unit-1-3q5drtbt.png FIG. 1. Color online Scheme of the injection/aspiration unit 1: rotation encoder; 2: aspirating syringe; 3: removable connecting clamp; 4: injecting syringe; 5: headless screw; 6: gear box; 7: motor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-photograph-of-the-injection-system-and-of-its-3qtorf5w.png FIG. 3. Color Photograph of the injection system and of its electronic driving unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-scheme-of-the-hydraulic-circuit-1-manually-21jhb07h.png FIG. 2. Color Scheme of the hydraulic circuit 1: manually operated valve; 2: Plexiglas fluid chamber; 3: fluid cell; 4: manually operated injecting syringe; 5: injecting syringe; 6: aspirating syringe; 7: manually operatedaspirating syringe; 8: manually operated valve. https://scispace.com/papers/microbiology-and-management-of-brain-abscess-in-children-e804i12tyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-choice-of-combinations-of-empiric-therapy-sj2kgcp1.png Table 2. The choice of combinations of empiric therapy according to the predisposing factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predominant-organisms-causing-brain-abscesses-in-33zb53tu.png Table 1. Predominant organisms causing brain abscesses in children https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-2-year-old-child-with-abrain-abscess-head-ct-1xkcqb41.png Figure 1. A 2-year-old child with abrain abscess. Head CT shows capsule which enhances with IV contrast and cerebral edema and midline shift (Courtesy of Dr. John J. Mickell M.D., Children’s Medical Center of the Medical College of Virginia U.S.A.). https://scispace.com/papers/microchemical-and-microstructural-comparison-of-high-3s58bz3v20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fesem-bei-images-of-untransformed-quenched-and-drawn-3fbvvm61.png Fig. 4. FESEM BEI images of untransformed quenched and drawn filament layers. (a) low voltage orientation sensitive image of Nb(Al)layer. (b) Atomic number sensitive image at 20 kV of the same area. (c) Partial transverse cross-section of an untransformed wire as-quenched and then drawn to 0.7 mm in high voltage atomic number contrast mode. The Nb and Nb-rich regions have been distorted and folded by plane strain deformation of the BCC Nb(Al) . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-6-kv-grain-orientation-sensitive-and-b-20-kv-1exx0ofe.png Fig. 5. (a) 6 kV (grain orientation sensitive) and (b) 20 kV (composition sensitive) FESEM BEI images of the same area of an outer filament in a RHQT strand drawn to 1.03 mm diameter. Using a 6 kV accelerating voltage there is very little contrast difference between the Nb (matrix and core) and the Nb(Al) and the distortion of the grains produced by the drawing process is noticeable. Using a 20 kV accelerating voltage there is strong compositional contrast between the Nb in the Nb(Al)that shows Nb islands as well as lower contrast compositional variation in the Nb(Al). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fesem-bei-images-of-transverse-cross-sections-of-as-3bkhejdc.png Fig. 1. FESEM-BEI images of transverse cross-sections of as-quenched untransformed composites in (a) un-clad wire form and (b) as processed to Cu-clad tape. https://scispace.com/papers/microcosm-experiments-for-simulation-of-freeze-thaw-cycles-4h266l5zaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-view-of-the-microcosm-for-simulation-2tzrg64s.png Figure 1: (a) Schematic view of the microcosm for simulation freezing-thawing cycles in permafrost ecosystems (height = 30 cm, inner diameter = 10 cm). (b) Photograph of the microcosm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-photographs-of-the-used-sensors-for-moisture-gas-32xpa5vh.png Figure 2: (a) Photographs of the used sensors for moisture, gas analyses, and temperature (from left to right) and (b) the complete system with all installations in the open Styroform box. https://scispace.com/papers/microdissection-a-tool-for-bee-chromosome-studies-4p8lknq75k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-amplification-conditions-of-dop-pcr-3fj4cjz5.png Table I. Amplification conditions of DOP-PCR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-metaphase-of-t-fiebrigi-before-microdissection-m8voibxh.png Figure 1. a Metaphase of T. fiebrigi before microdissection. The arrow shows the microneedle. b Metaphase after microdissection. c The microdissected centromeric region in detail. d Electrophoresis of the products of the three DOP-PCR procedures. L ladder molecular. e Karyotype marked with the centromeric probe: first line, chromosomes with centromeric marking; second line, unmarked chromosomes. Bar = 5 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/microdiversity-and-phylogeographic-diversification-of-7cpc5lvdx0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-illustration-of-mismatches-and-gaps-found-1r5zdlin.png Figure 4. Schematic illustration of mismatches and gaps found in the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the CL500-11 lineage, including the five dominant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and five publicly available sequences (see main text for details). Nucleotide variations among Japanese sequences (shown in pink) are displayed, with four variable base positions in the ITS sequence represented by gray numbers. Other mismatches and gaps are indicated with red arrows, and the same sequence type is indicated by the same color. The heat map indicates the relative abundances of ASVs within the CL500-11 lineage in each sample. Abbreviations for sample names follow those in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-pairwise-bray-curtis-dissimilarity-2edtbbta.png Figure 5. Distribution of pairwise Bray–Curtis dissimilarity for amplicon sequence variant (ASV) compositions among the nine Japanese lakes. Each point represents the dissimilarity between a pair of the samples, and their distribution is represented by a boxplot for each lineage. Note that dissimilarity is 1 when there are no shared ASVs between two samples, and thus many points are concentrated on the top of the boxes. The original pairwise dissimilarity matrices are available in Fig. S2. Note that acI-C2 comprised two different operational taxonomic units that were specific to the epilimnion (acI-C2-e) and hypolimnion (acI-C2-h), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-characteristics-of-lakes-sampled-in-the-present-2l07s9q4.png Table 1. Main characteristics of lakes sampled in the present study. Detailed data are available in Table S1. †Sampling date and depths in 2010 are shown in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-the-lakes-sampled-in-the-present-study-29w4hjfr.png Figure 1. Locations of the lakes sampled in the present study. Colors indicate regions: green, Honshu and Kyushu islands; red, Hokkaido island; blue, Europe. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-reads-representing-the-three-most-23505xoi.png Figure 2. Proportion of reads representing the three most abundant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), shown as the average value among all samples. Black bars indicate the average read percentage of the most abundant ASV for each lineage. The average percentages of the second and third most abundant ASVs are indicated with stacked gray and white bars. Note that acI-C2 comprised two different operational taxonomic units that were specific to the epilimnion (acI-C2-e) and hypolimnion (acI-C2-h), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-snps-qe7kujbb.png Figure 6. Comparison of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) expected based on amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and those detected through metagenomic read mapping of CL500-11 sequences from Lake Biwa. (A) The rows represent 30 individual SNP sites expected from ASVs in the lake. Row labels indicate base positions within the 16S rRNA, ITS, and 23S rRNA genes. Colors of the boxes indicate whether variations were expected from ASV, detected through mapping, or both (see the legend at the top right). Numbers in the boxes indicate the proportions (%) of SNPs expected from ASV abundances, where rare (<10%) variants are shown in black and others are in white. (B) The summarized proportions of expected and detected statuses among the observed SNPs illustrated in (A). (C) Comparison of the base proportions expected from ASV and detected through mapping for four major SNP sites (indicated by asterisks in (A)) that differentiate the four dominant ASVs in the lake (shown in Fig. 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-clustering-of-samples-based-on-the-bray-curtis-1765ms32.png Figure 3. Clustering of samples based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of amplicon sequence variant composition generated by averaging the values for the 11 most dominant lineages. The matrices for individual lineages are provided in Fig. S2. Sample names follow the abbreviations shown in Fig. 1, with a suffix indicating the water layer: e, epilimnion; h, hypolimnion. The temporal replicate collected in Lake Biwa in 2010 is abbreviated “BI10”. Five clusters were identified, grouping samples from (a) Hokkaido, (b) Europe, (c) Honshu and Kyushu epilimnia, (d) Honshu and Kyushu hypolimnia, and (e) Lake Inawashiro. https://scispace.com/papers/microglia-monitor-and-protect-neuronal-function-via-18w4ckqzin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-microglia-neuron-junctions-possess-a-specialized-1hydf4tx.png Figure 2. Microglia-neuron junctions possess a specialized nano-architecture and molecular machinery optimized for purinergic cell-to-cell communication https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-physiological-microglia-neuron-communication-at-the-263vx32b.png Figure 3. Physiological microglia-neuron communication at the somatic junction site is P2Y12R-dependent and is linked with neuronal mitochondrial activity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-microglia-protect-neurons-after-acute-brain-injury-17krgatl.png Figure 4. Microglia protect neurons after acute brain injury in a P2Y12R-dependent manner via altered somatic junctions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-microglia-contact-specialized-areas-of-neuronal-3mqu8s2k.png Figure 1. Microglia contact specialized areas of neuronal cell bodies in the mouse and the human brain https://scispace.com/papers/micronutrient-supplementation-in-maintenance-haemodialysis-2jaqvjkvxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-micronutrient-cocktail-1ze0cwj9.png TABLE 2 Composition of Micronutrient Cocktail https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exclusion-criteria-1zqvjsbf.png TABLE 1 Exclusion Criteria https://scispace.com/papers/microfabricated-blood-vessels-undergo-neoangiogenesis-194cqvz3b0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-characterization-of-cell-laden-hemv-a-top-depicts-a-20-2g1soqri.png Fig. 2. Characterization of cell-laden HEMV. (a) Top, depicts a 20-day time course showing endothelial cell attachment to the inner luminal face of the HEMV, forming vessel mimics similar in size and cellularity to capillaries and venules. Lower, multi-cell microvessel composed of endothelial cells (lumen) and smooth muscle cells/pericytes (outer-walls) creates an arteriole-like mimic. Scale, 50 mm. Arrowheads depicts smooth muscle cell/pericyte placement and outgrowth in walls. (b) Laser scanning confocal microscopy identifies cell surface protein expression in day 12 HEMV. Endothelial cells express both CD31 (green) and VE-cadherin (red), confirming the cell type and the presence of critical adherens junctions necessary for proper endothelial function. CD31 (green); VE-cadherin (red); DAPI (blue nuclear stain) overlay is also shown. Both orthogonal and 3D views confirm the hollow, tubule morphology of the created HEMV. Scale, 50 mm (c and d) Anti-collagen IV and anti-laminin show accumulation of newly secreted human matrix protein. Top panels show representative HEMV at time zero (T0); bottom panel shows microvessels analyzed at day 12. Day 12 HEVM were observed with a 6.5-fold increase in collagen IV (p < 0.001); similarly laminin exhibited a 13-fold increase in expression (p < 0.001) when compared to T0 microvessels. Scale, 100 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-long-term-hemv-viability-cryopreservation-and-response-1ky9i1fg.png Fig. 3. Long-term HEMV viability, cryopreservation and response to inflammation. (a) Representative HEMV grown for 120 days in growth-media suspension and immunostained with anti-VE-cadherin (red); DAPI (blue) identifies nuclei. VE-cadherin is expressed at the cell surface and structural integrity of microvessel is maintained as shown via 3D confocal images. In addition, small endothelial sprouts can be observed at the periphery of the lumen, indicating potential neoangiogenesis while in suspension. Scale, 50 mm (b and c) Live/ dead assay performed on native, cryopreserved (CP), or formalin-fixed HEMV (day 8). Live cells (green); dead cells (red). Insets to the right of each image show orthogonal images depicting the hollow structure of representative HEMV for each condition. No statistical change in percentage of dead cells was observed following recovery from cryopreservation. Scale, 50 mm (d and e) To assess the ability of HEMV to respond to inflammatory signals, native ( ) or cryopreserved (þ) HEMV were treated with either tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) for the indicated times. Real-time PCR identifies up to a 40-fold increase (p < 0.001) in E-selectin gene expression following TNF-alpha treatment and, similarly, up to a 12-fold increase (p < 0.001) following IL-1beta treatment. Statistical assessments shown compare experimental (2h, 4h) to matched (0h) untreated control. Adjacent immunofluorescence images depict increased expression of E-selectin (green) following the respective treatment. DAPI (blue) Scale, 50 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-microfluidic-manifold-and-modeling-shear-stress-3sl22zab.png Fig. 5. Microfluidic manifold and modeling shear-stress response. (a) Left, diagram of novel microfluidic manifold device; middle, HEMV loaded manifold; right, transmission/Nile Red microparticles (NRmp, 2 mm O.D.) overlay of HEMV under perfusion. Scale, 1.5 cm and 50 mm, respectively. (b) Live-HEMV were used to perfuse either endothelial growth media or microparticles in a recirculated fashion using separate microvessels at 4 dyn/cm2. Scale, 50 mm (c) Shear-stress response genes were examined via real-time PCR from growthmedia perfused HEMV. Genes with the most differential regulation include the TGF-b members SMAD6 (downregulated 3.8-fold; p < 0.001) and SMAD7 (upregulated 3.5-fold, p < 0.001). Other observed changes included SPHK1 (upregulated 3.1-fold; p < 0.001) and SGPL1 (downregulated 1.7-fold; p < 0.05). SGPP1 was observed unchanged. (d and e) EphrinB2 or EphrinB4 are biomarkers capable of distinguishing arterial from venous blood vessels, respectively. The effect of perfusion on EphrinB2 and EphB4 gene expression was assessed using either live HEMV or live multi-cell microvessels (MCMV) via real-time PCR. In the arterial-like MCMV, EphrinB2 was observed upregulated 2.3-fold (p < 0.01); while EphB4 was upregulated 1.4-fold (p < 0.03) in venous-like HMEV in response to growth media perfusion. Statistical analyses shown compare the 2 h perfusion group to static perfusion 0 h control microvessels. Error bars depict standard error of the mean (SEM) of 3 biological replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neovascularization-strategy-and-implementation-1-human-1bow8eb2.png Fig. 1. Neovascularization strategy and implementation. 1. Human endothelial cells (EC) are encapsulated in a bio-macromolecular tubule using a hydrodynamic shaping device. The resultant human endothelial microvessel (HEMV) matures with a coherent endothelial cell lumen. Temporal events a-e (left) correspond to experimental micrographs (right). (a) Representative composite image of ten adjacent fields (10X) taken along the length of a single HEMV immunostained with anti-CD31 (green) demonstrates the ability to produce long continuous HEMVs. Scale, 500 mm; inset 50 mm (b) A confluent monolayer of endothelial cells form along the luminal face of the microvessel. 2. Once embedded in a threedimensional matrix, the HEMV develop a primitive microvasculature network through traditional vascularization processes, (c) HEMV angiogenesis, the sprouting of endothelial growths from the original HEMV into an extracellular matrix containing dermal fibroblasts (DAPI-stained nuclei, blue), (d) HEMV tubulogenesis (arrowhead), the hollowing of sprouts to support fluid transport, (e) HEMV anastomosis, a developmental process whereby neighboring sprouts form connections (arrowheads) establishing a closed-loop system for circulation. Scale, (b þ d) 25 mm; (c þ e) 50 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-hemv-undergoing-neovascularization-aec-day-17-1nxyohoa.png Fig. 4. HEMV undergoing neovascularization. (aec) Day 17 panoramic images (10X) of representative embedded HEMV showing angiogenic sprouting throughout fibroblasts matrices (DAPI). Both GFR-Matrigel® and 4%-GelMA support angiogenesis. Lower right micrograph, 20X confocal orthogonal views showing HEMV remain hollow (arrowhead) during angiogenic growth. Scale, 500 mm; inset 50 mm. (b) No statistical difference (p > 0.59) between the matrices was observed when comparing the number of naïve sprouts present/10X field. (c) Sprout lengths from four individual GFR-Matrigel® embedded HEMV were quantified. Lengths varied from 50 to 1290 mm, with a median of 547 mm after 21 days. n ¼ 38 (d) Depicts a panoramic image focusing on a single sprout (center) stained with anti-CD31 (green) and DAPI (blue). Four separate positions along the microvessel (60X) are also shown. Adjacent orthogonal views show the hollow nature of the sprouts. Inset iii, denoted with an asterisk, shows the displacement of a sprout nucleus to the outer edge of the sprout. Close inspection of anti-CD31 reveals extensive filopodial projections, indicating continual expansion through 21 days. Scale, 200 mm; inset 25 mm. (e) Upper (10X) and lower panels (20X) show representative HEMV undergoing neovascularization. Arrowheads depict multiple anastomoses, whereby a single sprout connects with a neighboring growth. Overlaid images anti-CD31 (green) and DAPI (blue) are shown right. Scale, 50 mm (10X); 25 mm (20X). https://scispace.com/papers/micronized-cocoa-butter-particles-produced-by-a-32fjw5ltmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-esem-picture-of-a-cocoa-butter-particle-obtained-with-23g20avt.png Fig. 4. ESEM picture of a cocoa butter particle obtained with experiment #15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-dsc-curves-2rrqxsuc.png Fig. 3. Typical DSC curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-esem-picture-of-a-cocoa-butter-particle-obtained-with-rs7qqrix.png Fig. 5. ESEM picture of a cocoa butter particle obtained with experiment #5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-set-up-2fddq724.png Fig. 1. Experimental set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-diagram-of-pure-co2-peng-robinsons-model-6-ahsz5xku.png Fig. 2. Phase diagram of pure CO2 (Peng-Robinson’s model [6]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-operating-conditions-3qx2fw1j.png Table 1 Experimental operating conditions https://scispace.com/papers/microphthalmia-associated-transcription-factor-is-required-3ravtwcus1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-oligonucleotide-pcr-primers-for-qrt-pcr-3g0d3wxv.png Table 1. Oligonucleotide PCR primers for qRT-PCR https://scispace.com/papers/micropropagation-of-rare-scutellaria-havanensis-jacq-and-12vahw60d6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adventitious-shoot-bud-induction-in-the-nodal-2lr38hbg.png Table 1. Adventitious shoot bud induction in the nodal explants of S. havanensis in response to the various concentration of cytokinin BAP https://scispace.com/papers/microporous-phenol-formaldehyde-resin-based-adsorbents-for-1jmifupkuk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-used-in-the-synthesis-of-rv3rx99u.png Table 1 Experimental conditions used in the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde resins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-phenol-formaldehyde-resins-a-novolac-b-2fzwqone.png Figure 1. Structure of phenol-formaldehyde resins: a) Novolac, b) Resol, and c) Novolac with addition of ethylene glycol. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-textural-parameters-calculated-from-the-n2-and-co2-2kghajg5.png Table 4 Textural parameters calculated from the N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms of the phenol-formaldehyde resin-based activated carbons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co2-capture-capacity-profile-of-phenol-formaldehyde-2b4wpyxt.png Figure 4. CO2 capture capacity profile of phenol-formaldehyde resin-based activated carbons, at atmospheric pressure, in the 25-90 ºC temperature range. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chemical-characteristics-of-the-synthesised-phenol-36gz20tx.png Table 3 Chemical characteristics of the synthesised phenol-formaldehyde resins and derived activated carbons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-co2-capture-capacities-of-the-phenol-11rbfohx.png Figure 5. Maximum CO2 capture capacities of the phenol-formaldehyde resin-based activated carbons, a) at atmospheric pressure and room temperature and b) at 25 bar and room temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adsorption-isotherms-of-the-phenol-formaldehyde-22mjlykt.png Figure 3. Adsorption isotherms of the phenol-formaldehyde resin-based activated carbons a) N2 at -196 ºC, and b) CO2 at 0 ºC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-conditions-of-the-carbonisation-and-9o7cb8ki.png Table 2 Experimental conditions of the carbonisation and activation steps of the phenolformaldehyde resin-based activated carbons https://scispace.com/papers/microseismic-event-location-using-global-optimization-23b9rr8bac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-number-of-cost-function-evaluations-and-speed-2it0epxd.png Table 4 Mean number of cost function evaluations (and speed-up) after 400 realizations by restricting or not restricting the search spaces. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-actual-and-mean-backazimuth-estimates-for-the-set-of-fot4a85i.png Table 3 Actual and mean backazimuth estimates for the set of 400 realizations associatedwith the same source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-search-space-restriction-based-on-backazimuth-9ittrzjj.png Fig. 7. a) Search space restriction based on backazimuth information. b) Determination of the extent of the search space (see text for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-integrated-flowchart-describing-the-main-processes-keg2k7l8.png Fig. 1. Integrated flowchart describing the main processes leading to a microseismic event location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-synthetic-record-b-and-c-results-after-the-first-and-z297xsma.png Fig. 2. a) Synthetic record; b) and c) results after the first and second steps of the detection and denoising algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-acquisition-geometry-udnibwxn.png Fig. 4. Acquisition geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2d-location-example-a-estimated-source-positions-400-3bcxlfqv.png Fig. 5. 2D location example: a) Estimated source positions (400 realizations). b) Zoomed-in plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representation-of-the-180-ambiguity-h5kgrvw8.png Fig. 3. Representation of the 180◦ ambiguity. https://scispace.com/papers/microstructural-development-and-mechanical-properties-of-3fartqb636 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-raw-materials-hyhz2lwp.png Table 1. Characteristics of raw materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-stable-phases-at-600-oc-as-a-function-1wry1fej.png Table 2. Composition of stable phases at 600 ºC as a function of C content from the calculated phase diagram (wt %). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-density-values-and-b-vickers-hardness-values-of-3dviir9k.png Figure 8: a) Density values and b) Vickers hardness values of [M2 + x]/TiCN (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 wt%C) samples processed by Conventional Pressing and Sintering (CPS) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-xrd-patterns-of-m2-x-ticn-x-0-0-25-0-5-1-0-wt-c-1am7po56.png Figure 7. XRD patterns of [M2 + x]/TiCN (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 wt%C) samples processed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 1100ºC and 60 MPa during 10 minutes under vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xrd-patterns-of-ticn-powder-and-m2-powder-15zsouqb.png Figure 5. XRD patterns of TiCN powder and M2 powder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-xrd-patterns-of-m2-x-ticn-x-0-0-25-0-5-1-0-wt-c-avopiv8c.png Figure 6. XRD patterns of [M2 + x]/TiCN (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 wt%C) samples processed by Conventional Pressing and Sintering (CPS) route at 1400ºC during 60 minutes under vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sem-microstructures-of-m2-x-ticn-x-0-0-25-0-5-1-0-11f1hv19.png Figure 4. SEM microstructures of [M2 + X]/TiCN (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 wt%C) samples processed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) route at 1100ºC and 60 MPa during 10 minutes under vacuum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-microstructure-3j8e9qlr.png Figure 3. Schematic representation of microstructure development as a function of C content. https://scispace.com/papers/microstructure-and-dielectric-properties-of-ba-sr-tio3-thin-3z6urfsa5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-micrographs-of-films-prepared-from-the-10-cp-2x544upp.png FIG. 4. SEM micrographs of films prepared from the 10-cP viscosity solution and heat treated under the same conditions: (a) single-layered film F4, (b) 2-layered film F8, and (c) 4-layered film F10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-ultraviolet-visible-uv-vis-transmission-spectra-for-2gby5yfh.png FIG. 5. (a) Ultraviolet–visible (UV-VIS) transmission spectra for a sapphire substrate and for single-layered films prepared from a 10-cP viscosity solution and heat treated at different temperatures. (b) UVVIS transmission spectra for single-layered films prepared from coating solutions of different viscosities and heat treated at 550 °C for 2 h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-physical-properties-of-linbo3-and-sapphire-1923-1sp63a9a.png TABLE I. Physical properties of LiNbO3 and sapphire. 19,23 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-processing-conditions-and-final-thickness-c6edg5xj.png TABLE II. Processing conditions and final thickness (determined by ellipsometry) of LN thin films prepared by the polymeric precursor method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-xrd-patterns-for-a-single-layered-film-and-a-2cevwl85.png FIG. 1. (a) XRD patterns for a single-layered film and a sapphire https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rocking-curves-a-around-the-0006-ln-peak-and-b-around-38w5ypis.png FIG. 2. Rocking curves (a) around the (0006) LN peak and (b) around the (0006) sapphire substrate peak. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-phi-scans-of-films-prepared-from-a-10-cp-3stssqrv.png FIG. 3. X-ray phi-scans of films prepared from a 10-cP viscosity solution and heat treated under the same conditions: (a) single-layered film F4, (b) 2-layered film F8, and (c) 4-layered film F10. https://scispace.com/papers/microvesicles-transfer-mitochondria-and-increase-xxoperlr7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stability-of-evs-upon-storage-at-different-2p1yuph2.png Table 1. Stability of EVs upon storage at different conditions 624 Stability of EVs upon storage at the indicated conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-proteomic-analysis-highlighting-key-proteins-related-270lkdpu.png Table 3: Proteomic analysis highlighting key proteins related to the transfection of DNA-812 EVs (*Yes/not detected indicates the expression of the listed proteins in the respective samples). 813 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effective-particle-diameters-deff-of-dna-evs-735-1ayrqc8p.png Table 2. Effective particle diameters (Deff) of DNA-EVs 735 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-ev-exposure-on-the-cell-viability-of-3n7y9lmj.png Figure 5. Effects of EV exposure on the cell viability of hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells under normoxic and hypoxic (OGD) conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transfer-of-mitotracker-labelled-mitochondria-from-1v06f51s.png Figure 3. Transfer of Mitotracker-labelled mitochondria from hCMEC/D3-derived EVs to the recipient hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells. https://scispace.com/papers/microwave-attenuation-in-forest-fuel-flames-2gtljz4fq6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vegetation-litter-temperature-corrected-in-the-first-2k64krak.png Fig. 3. Vegetation litter temperature (corrected) in the first 80 s after ignition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-typical-thermocouple-measured-temperature-correction-1b46ao93.png Fig. 2. A typical thermocouple measured temperature correction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vegetation-litter-temperature-corrected-up-to-140-s-on5s6ln1.png Fig. 4. Vegetation litter temperature (corrected) up to 140 s after ignition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-electron-density-in-forest-fuel-flames-1tl3rev5.png Table 3 Electron density in forest fuel flames https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variation-of-attenuation-with-frequency-for-a-burn-o1cbubce.png Fig. 5. Variation of attenuation with frequency for a burn cavity during without flame. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-collision-frequency-in-forest-fuel-flames-a4ksv81h.png Table 4 Collision frequency in forest fuel flames https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-alkali-content-in-forest-fuels-used-in-the-burner-fns6owuj.png Table 2 Alkali content in forest fuels used in the burner (ICP-AES method) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-phase-shift-with-frequency-during-flaming-38o6sh6r.png Fig. 8. Variation of phase shift with frequency during flaming of three vegetation litter after 60 s. https://scispace.com/papers/microwave-free-electron-laser-applications-for-electron-s70hatpq6a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hnzltjtm.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-b65ot4zu.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/papers/microwave-imaging-for-stroke-detection-validation-on-head-3op34rrq4d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-3r89wqcn.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-position-of-the-phantom-inside-anechoic-chamber-1zb9b3is.png Fig 8. Position of the phantom inside anechoic chamber. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fabricated-triangular-patch-microstrip-antenna-with-2t4usmuy.png Fig 1. Fabricated triangular patch microstrip antenna with fractal ground plane: (a) top view (b) bottom view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geometry-and-dimensions-of-the-proposed-antenna-a-167467fl.png Fig 2. Geometry and dimensions of the proposed antenna: (a) front view (Patch and substrate), (b) back view (Fractal ground plane), and (c) side view of the overall structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-optimized-dimensions-of-the-proposed-antenna-unit-mm-2i5cnkf3.png TABLE I OPTIMIZED DIMENSIONS OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA (Unit: mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-proposed-antenna-and-3d-model-of-human-head-using-h9ub8ldo.png Fig 3. The proposed antenna and 3D model of human head using CST software. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-and-simulated-s11-for-the-patch-antenna-a-in-2xdhv7kk.png Fig 4. Measured and simulated S11 for the patch antenna: (a) in free space and (b) in front of human head. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-electric-field-for-a-the-ella-model-b-when-the-2devw0do.png Fig 5. The electric field for; (a) the Ella model, (b) when the emulated stroke is included in the Ella model and (c) the differences of the Ella model and the Ella model with stroke. https://scispace.com/papers/microwave-medical-imaging-based-on-sparsity-and-an-iterative-2jphoe9xfy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-c-reconstructed-dielectric-constant-r-and-b-d-2ohshwjq.png Fig. 4: (a), (c) Reconstructed dielectric constant r and (b), (d) conductivity σ distributions calculated at 1 GHz for the L2-IMATCS algorithm and the cases depicted in Fig. 2 with all sixteen antennas depicted in Fig. 2(a) . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-same-as-in-fig-4-for-the-elastic-net-algorithm-11-rxrdroxf.png Fig. 5: Same as in Fig. 4 for the elastic net algorithm [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maps-of-the-dielectric-constant-r-left-and-the-hynhefou.png Fig. 3: Maps of the dielectric constant r (left) and the conductivity σ (right) calculated at 1 GHz for the full-breast simulation testbed. The spatial resolution is 2 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-maps-of-a-c-the-dielectric-constant-r-and-b-d-the-2d44rt4i.png Fig. 2: Maps of (a), (c) the dielectric constant r and (b), (d) the conductivity σ calculated at 1 GHz for the two simulation scenarios, which differ only in the size and shape of the targets. The locations of data points for a sixteen-, eight-, and four-antenna configuration are also shown in (a) with crosses, diamonds and squares, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-c-reconstructed-dielectric-constant-r-and-b-d-31hg9baa.png Fig. 9: (a), (c) Reconstructed dielectric constant r and (b), (d) conductivity σ distributions calculated at 1 GHz for the L2IMATCS algorithm and the full breast model of Fig. 3 for eight antennas, and SNR=60 dB (top) and 30 dB (bottom). The SNR is relative to the total received signal, which includes direct antenna contributions and skin reflections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-imatcs-method-jsdaewwd.png Fig. 1: Block diagram of the IMATCS method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-c-reconstructed-dielectric-constant-r-and-b-d-w0c8ani3.png Fig. 8: (a), (c) Reconstructed dielectric constant r and (b), (d) conductivity σ distributions calculated at 1 GHz for the L2IMATCS algorithm and the top case in Fig. 2, for SNR=60 dB (top) and SNR=30 dB (bottom), and sixteen antennas. The SNR is relative to the total received signal, which includes direct antenna contributions and skin reflections. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-norm-of-the-residual-data-vector-b-in-2-vs-dbim-33i1ozx8.png Fig. 6: Norm of the residual data vector b in (2) vs. DBIM iteration number for the reconstructions of Figs. 4 and 5. https://scispace.com/papers/mid-holocene-littorina-sea-transgressions-based-on-2psl1z3598 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-diatom-diagram-from-core-lg1-03-2lw04lo5.png Fig. 13. Diatom diagram from core LG1-03. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mineral-magnetic-parameters-and-interparamagnetic-3c6ibkvg.png Fig. 4. Mineral magnetic parameters and interparamagnetic ratios from core LB1-01. Black curves (with black dots) refer to measurements performed on the naturally wet sediment and dark grey curves (with crosses) refer to measurements on the dried samples. Chronology based on Fig. 3A, stratigraphic units from Table 3. Zonation based on magnetic characteristics is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-inferred-ages-of-stratigraphic-transitions-in-core-ey1aa4f1.png Table 5. Inferred ages of stratigraphic transitions in core LB1-98 and LB2-01 based on the time depth model in Fig. 3A and B, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sediment-description-for-core-ll3-01-1e5h1vgk.png Table 6. Sediment description for core LL3-01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-stratigraphic-transect-corresponding-to-c-d-in-fig-1c-1f9sv1s8.png Fig. 8. Stratigraphic transect (corresponding to C–D in Fig. 1C) across Lake Leshy. Stratigraphic units 1–6 according to Table 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lake-characteristics-2hcgne95.png Table 1. Lake characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-analyses-performed-of-the-sediment-cores-from-lake-3pujzfqg.png Table 2. Analyses performed of the sediment cores from Lake Babinskoye (LB), Lake Leshy (LL), Lake Khabalovskoye (LK) and Lake Glubokoye (LG). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-diatom-diagrams-from-core-lb1-from-miettinen-2002-3k7rqxic.png Fig. 7. A. Diatom diagrams from core LB1 (from Miettinen 2002) with LDAZ added. B. Diatom diagrams from core LB2. https://scispace.com/papers/midi-scrapyard-challenge-workshops-qz3q8tfdxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vhs-tape-slider-amsterdam-the-netherlands-steim-wsjlzcxb.png Figure 4. VHS Tape Slider (Amsterdam, The Netherlands, STEIM, 2006.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-yes-no-shaker-helmet-berlin-germany-transmediale-2f4tn1dt.png Figure 2. Yes/No Shaker Helmet (Berlin, Germany, Transmediale, 2004.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-head-butt-hats-dublin-ireland-data-base-2003-dwxy4mcj.png Figure 5. Head Butt Hats (Dublin, Ireland, DATA:BASE, 2003.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-workshop-table-newcastle-australia-2l4xkibu.png Figure 1. Typical Workshop Table. (Newcastle, Australia, https://scispace.com/papers/military-civilian-partnerships-international-proposals-for-1erod0wazl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-lessons-learned-from-each-countrys-3mfbdn4f.png Table 1. Summary of lessons learned from each country’s experience working toward improved trauma readiness https://scispace.com/papers/millimeter-wave-imaging-a-historical-review-227mrv1wwg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-smiths-eqo-and-imaging-concept-26i2b1kb.png Figure 11 Smiths Eqo and Imaging concept https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-l-3-active-millimeter-wave-portal-3me0j4pf.png Figure 10 L-3 Active millimeter wave portal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-imagers-using-polarization-to-fold-the-optical-1c2h72xv.png Figure 4 Imagers using polarization to fold the optical design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trw-focal-plane-array-camera-mhknnvmc.png Figure 3 TRW Focal Plane array camera https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-left-the-safe-visitor-system-compressor-vacuum-1ft5qyr1.png Figure 9 (Left) The SAFE-VISITOR system (compressor & vacuum pumps not shown). (Right) Image of person with concealed items at 1 Hz (a) and 10 Hz (b) frame rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-millitech-camera-2j3tw2ij.png Figure 5 Millitech camera https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-trex-imager-94ghz-1w9pbscv.png Figure 6 TREX Imager 94GHz https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-papers-by-country-3k5uo5qx.png Figure 1 Papers by country https://scispace.com/papers/mimicking-human-strategies-in-fighting-games-using-a-data-2hpolulr67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multi-tiered-architecture-1tcabjlw.png Figure 2. Multi-tiered architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-comparison-1-zhzvaar0.png TABLE V. COMPARISON 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-moves-legend-d51szxar.png TABLE II. MOVES LEGEND https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-game-rules-l7ncbqn1.png TABLE I. GAME RULES https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-ai-vs-human-statistics-2u4xro6w.png TABLE IV. AI VS HUMAN STATISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-camparison-2-31zda38y.png TABLE VI. CAMPARISON 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proof-of-concept-game-screenshot-1bv5bdpp.png Figure 1. Proof of Concept Game screenshot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-human-vs-human-statistics-38uhtklj.png TABLE III. HUMAN VS HUMAN STATISTICS https://scispace.com/papers/mimo-aided-near-capacity-turbo-transceivers-taxonomy-and-3ten7c13n6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-flowchart-depicting-the-structure-of-gibbs-sampler-55jg8708.png Fig. 4. A flowchart depicting the structure of Gibbs-Sampler employed for the MCMC detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-inner-codes-exit-curves-of-the-siso-mmse-and-mber-1ub9sg17.png Fig. 16. The inner code’s EXIT curves of the SISO MMSE and MBER detectors in the serially-concatenated BPSK-modulated SDM system seen in Fig. 10, for the scenario of (M,N ) = (4, 3) AEs. Here, the SNR was varied from 0 dB to 10 dB in every 1 dB. We also plotted the outer EXIT curve of the half-rate RSC(2,1,3) with generator polynomials of (Gr, G) = (5, 7)8 in octal form. All other system parameters were summarized in Table X. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-decoding-trajectory-of-the-iteratively-detected-half-2dn9ycss.png Fig. 14. Decoding trajectory of the iteratively detected half-rate RSC-coded QPSK-modulated SDM system of Fig. 10 employing (M,N ) = (4,3) AEs and the SISO MAP detector of Section IV-A. The interleaver lengths was set to 200 000 bits, while the SNR was 4 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-achievable-ber-performance-of-the-iteratively-31mjcz3l.png Fig. 15. Achievable BER performance of the iteratively detected half-rate RSC-coded QPSK modulated SDM system of Fig. 10 employing (M,N ) = (4,3) AEs and the SISO MAP detector of Section IV-A, where the number of iterations I was varied from I = 0 to I = 10, while the interleaver length was set to 200 000 bits. All other system parameters were summarized in Table X. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classification-of-mimo-detectors-1dc4mxcb.png Fig. 1. Classification of MIMO detectors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-system-parameters-of-the-uncoded-sdm-scheme-of-fig-3-2kk1333c.png TABLE I SYSTEM PARAMETERS OF THE UNCODED SDM SCHEME OF FIG. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-computational-complexity-imposed-by-the-gibbs-31nl6c8y.png TABLE VI COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY IMPOSED BY THE GIBBS-SAMPLER EMPLOYED FOR THE MCMC DETECTOR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-the-gibbs-sampling-assisted-signal-space-1isutf6k.png Fig. 5. Example of the Gibbs-Sampling assisted signal space reduction for an 8-Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) SDM system having M = 3 transmit AEs. The number of legitimate signals Nb is given by Nb = 83 = 256, the resultant reduced-size signal space N ′b was N ′ b = 34, where NMC = 50 successive samples were generated according to the Gibbs-Sampler. https://scispace.com/papers/mimo-channel-prediction-results-on-outdoor-collected-data-3v99gn7bzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-summary-gakd8kbg.png TABLE II. RESULTS SUMMARY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mimo-collection-configuration-o491i337.png Fig. 4 MIMO collection configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-receiver-coordinated-distributed-transmit-beamforming-12dh6jkt.png Fig. 1 Receiver-coordinated distributed transmit beamforming allows an adhoc network of transmitters to achieve longer communication ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-feedback-latency-is-fundamentally-limited-by-the-3232euxu.png Fig. 2 Feedback latency is fundamentally limited by the duration of the channel sounding which must increase as per-channel SNR decreases at long ranges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lms-provides-a-recursive-solution-for-the-minimum-mean-1ex33fky.png Fig. 5 LMS provides a recursive solution for the minimum mean square (MMSE) channel estimate https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-experiment-parameters-130ful66.png TABLE I. EXPERIMENT PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-lms-error-residual-power-is-typically-1-5-of-3fsrb9zc.png Fig. 6 Average LMS error residual power is typically 1-5% of the measured output signal power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-two-examples-of-channel-prediction-performance-against-kevwdizr.png Fig. 8 Two examples of channel prediction performance against collected data for transmitters on a 10mph truck. https://scispace.com/papers/mineral-trioxide-aggregate-material-use-in-endodontic-4nf3vaoluo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-preoperative-radiograph-of-mandibular-second-molar-2masnbe6.png Fig. 3. (A) Preoperative radiograph of mandibular second molar with furcal perforation. (B) Shows WMTA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-compositions-of-gmta-and-wmta-wt-wf86344o.png Table 1. Chemical compositions of GMTA and WMTA (wt%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-elemental-analysis-comparison-portland-cement-and-384cguqz.png Table 2. Elemental analysis comparison portland cement and ProRoot WMTA (wt%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-preoperative-radiograph-of-maxillary-central-incisor-1iv1oopw.png Fig. 2. (A) Preoperative radiograph of maxillary central incisor. (B) Reveals apical surgical procedure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-literature-search-criteria-1776ylk8.png Fig. 1. Literature search criteria. https://scispace.com/papers/mind-modulated-music-in-the-mind-attention-interface-4vvyqiffno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-feedback-loop-for-mind-modulated-music-in-the-mind-275djy4g.png Figure 1: Feedback loop for mind-modulated music in the Mind Attention Interfce https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-representation-of-the-tonnetz-2qltousk.png Figure 2: A representation of the Tonnetz https://scispace.com/papers/mineralna-karbonatyzacja-przy-zastosowaniu-surowcow-2q89x0szp7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-co2-sequestration-potential-for-some-rocks-with-a-nm837afo.png Table 1. CO2 sequestration potential for some rocks with a high content of CaO and MgO (Lackner i in. 1995; Wu i in. 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ex-situ-mineral-carbonation-process-scheme-modified-16ylomdv.png Fig. 2. Ex-situ mineral carbonation process scheme (modified from Olajire 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-sequestration-for-selected-pure-11yj34ge.png Table 2. Characteristics of sequestration for selected pure silicate minerals (Nevall i in. 1999) https://scispace.com/papers/minimally-invasive-endotracheal-tube-suctioning-and-suction-4boyas6vq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-consort-flow-diagram-db4ygct1.png Figure 1. Consort Flow Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pain-relief-medications-across-the-three-time-1c1ob0w0.png Table 3. Pain Relief Medications Across the Three-Time Periods of ETSa https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-of-pain-intensity-score-across-the-three-time-ufvbv25p.png Table 2. Mean of Pain Intensity Score Across the Three-Time Periods of ETSa https://scispace.com/papers/mining-discourse-markers-for-unsupervised-sentence-4nwoeyltun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-senteval-evaluation-results-with-our-models-trained-2eotgrny.png Table 6: SentEval evaluation results with our models trained on various datasets. The first two models are supervised, the other ones unsupervised. All scores are accuracy percentages, except SICK-R, which is Pearson correlation percentage. InferSent is from Conneau et al. (2017), MTL is the multi-task learning based model from Subramanian et al. (2018). Evaluation tasks are described in table 7, and N denotes the number of examples for each dataset (in millions). Dissent is from Nie et al. (2017), QuickThought is from Logeswaran and Lee (2018) with fixed embeddings configuration. The best result per task appears in bold, the best result for unsupervised setups is underlined. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-transfer-evaluation-tasks-n-is-the-number-of-2wtuccsf.png Table 7: Transfer evaluation tasks. N is the number of training examples and C is number of classes for each task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-from-our-discovery-dataset-3f8escxy.png Table 1: Sample from our Discovery dataset https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-test-results-accuracy-on-implicit-discursive-15gxecep.png Table 8: Test results (accuracy) on implicit discursive relation prediction task (PDTB relations level 1 and 2, i.e coarse-grained and fine-grained) and training tasks T . Note that scores for T are not comparable since the test set changes for each version of the dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tsne-visualization-of-the-softmax-weights-from-our-1jvjyeme.png Figure 2: TSNE visualization of the softmax weights from our DiscoveryBig model for each discourse marker, after unit norm normalization. Markers discovered by our method (e.g. absent from PDTB annotations) are colored in red. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-discourse-markers-or-classes-used-by-previous-work-9fhf6lrp.png Table 2: Discourse markers or classes used by previous work on unsupervised representation learning https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-accuracy-of-various-models-on-linguistic-probing-llixusa2.png Table 9: Accuracy of various models on linguistic probing tasks using logistic regression on SentEval. BShift is detection of token inversion. CoordInv is detection of clause inversion. ObjNum/SubjNum is prediction of the number of object resp. subject. Tense is prediction of the main verb tense. Depth is prediction of parse tree depth. TC is detection of common sequences of constituents. WC is prediction of words contained in the sentence. OddM is detection of random replacement of verbs/nouns by other verbs/nouns. AVG is the average score of those tasks for each model. For more details see Conneau et al. (2018). SkipThought and Infersent results come from Perone et al. (2018), QuickThought results come from Brahma (2018). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-candidate-discourse-markers-that-are-the-most-2e6rqga0.png Table 4: Candidate discourse markers that are the most difficult to predict from shallow features https://scispace.com/papers/minimum-cost-hierarchical-architecture-for-correlated-data-330lb7980c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-network-lifetime-maxiter-5-for-mcha-2ornpsiy.png Fig. 5. Network Lifetime (maxIter = 5 for MCHA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cost-energy-consumption-per-round-analysis-of-ydtvae8l.png Fig. 4. Cost (Energy Consumption per Round) Analysis of solutions found by MCHA1, MCHA2, CPLEX/MILP and EEC https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-39mh0ekc.png TABLE I SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-protocol-flowchart-2b2abslc.png Fig. 3. Protocol Flowchart https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-techniques-of-joint-entropy-coding-with-explicit-3vhutau5.png Fig. 2. Two techniques of joint entropy coding with explicit communication https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hierarchical-architecture-for-gathering-correlated-kem3huk5.png Fig. 1. Hierarchical architecture for gathering correlated data in a typical SEnsor Network with Mobile Access (SENMA) https://scispace.com/papers/mining-for-gold-farmers-automatic-detection-of-deviant-w3bvlfmmos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-yqywhenz.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-feature-space-for-va-rious-types-of-features-1gtp7z3k.png TABLE II FEATURE SPACE FOR VA RIOUS TYPES OF FEATURES https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-standa-rdized-beta-coefficients-t-statistics-in-zw5j19fo.png TABLE I STANDA RDIZED BETA COEFFICIENTS; T STATISTICS IN PARENTHESES * P <.05, ** P <.01, *** P <.001, N=24267 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-sequence-patterns-for-play-er-activities-trgg6wid.png TABLE V SEQUENCE PATTERNS FOR PLAY ER ACTIVITIES https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-f-measures-for-all-gold-farmers-demographic-1lq2k0w2.png TABLE IX F-MEASURES FOR ALL GOLD FARMERS (DEMOGRAPHIC & STATISTICS FEATURES) https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-classifier-performance-gold-farmer-sub-class-l1gbqpyi.png TABLE VIII CLASSIFIER PERFORMANCE GOLD FARMER SUB-CLASS(ACTIVITY DISTRIBUTION FEATURES) https://scispace.com/papers/mirisim-a-simulator-for-the-mid-infrared-instrument-on-jwst-265k078v9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overview-of-the-path-data-takes-through-the-imager-2ix90yb3.png Figure 5. Overview of the path data takes through the imager or LRS versions of MIRISim. The user supplies input parameters (either at the command line, or from within Python), and OBSSim sends the scene parameters to LRSSim or ImSim to create a scene and determine the illumination model. OBSSim then takes that illumination model (as it does in the MRS case) and passes it to SCASim to create the final detector image, which OBSSim then turns into a FITS file ready for ingest into the JWST calibration pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-filter-names-central-wavelengths-and-bandwidths-of-2skyf6bo.png Table 1. Filter names, central wavelengths and bandwidths of the MIRI imager filters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectral-resolution-and-wavelength-coverages-for-fcjjf5gb.png Figure 1. Spectral resolution and wavelength coverages for the LRS and each of the MIRI MRS channels and sub-channels. The full channel ranges of the MRS are listed in the overlapping grey panels towards the top, with the wavelength ranges of each sub-channel are listed below. The purple bar at the bottom shows the wavelength coverage of the LRS. The listed ‘R’ values denote the spectral resolving power (λ/∆λ) for each MRS channel, and the LRS. Image courtesy of N. Lützgendorf (ESA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-positions-of-the-miri-components-in-the-spoo22hb.png Figure 3. Relative positions of the MIRI components in the JWST focal plane (the v2,v3 coordinate system). The α and β axes of the MRS field (in blue) represent the along and across slice directions of the MRS image slicer (see Wright et al. 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wavelength-coverage-of-the-miri-imager-filters-and-i5kkc4yr.png Figure 2. Wavelength coverage of the MIRI imager filters and their photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (PCE) The name of each filter is listed above its range. Their central wavelengths and bandwidths are presented in Table 1. Image courtesy of N. Lützgendorf (ESA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-imager-outputs-from-a-100-frame-simulation-using-34xs9kpg.png Figure 6. Imager outputs from a 100 frame simulation using filter F1130W (11.3 µm filter), and a WISE image of Carina interpolated to the right wavelength, and moved to a distance of 50 kpc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lrs-slitless-outputs-for-a-100-frame-simulation-1vme54i7.png Figure 8. LRS slitless outputs for a 100 frame simulation showing a point source with a spectrum of a photon dominated region (PDR). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mrs-outputs-from-a-100-frame-simulation-showing-top-1xkn42e6.png Figure 7. MRS outputs from a 100 frame simulation showing Top Left: Spectra of the two targets (a point source and an extended ellipse with blackbody and galaxy spectra, respectively). Top Right: Locations of the two targets in the MRS field of view. Bottom Right: Model of how the detector is being illuminated by the scene. The grey lines between the top and bottom right panels indicate how the slices in Channel 1A are mapped to the left portion of the detector. Bottom Left: Final detector image (in JWST Level 1B data format) of the simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/mismatch-between-proximal-rod-contour-angle-and-proximal-l0nghvclbg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-multivariate-analysis-of-pjk-risk-factors-13ntc27x.png Table 6 Multivariate Analysis of PJK Risk Factors https://scispace.com/papers/miscibility-studies-of-two-twist-bend-nematic-liquid-crystal-3am6zo2okd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristic-parameters-of-the-ntb-n-phase-15dwza23.png Table 1 Characteristic parameters of the NTB–N phase transition according to eqn (24) and the entropy change https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detailed-view-of-the-ntb-n-phase-transition-excess-2714e37t.png Fig. 5 Detailed view of the NTB–N phase transition excess heat capacity peak for XCB7CB = 0.36 taken from Fig. 3. Data of thef-phase shift is superimposed to the excess heat capacity peak to delimit the coexistence region. Red line shows the fitting according to eqn (24). The inset shows the integrated enthalpy. https://scispace.com/papers/misspecification-and-expectations-correction-in-new-3of3vovivu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-structural-parameters-of-the-benati-and-ge170vdo.png TABLE 2. Estimated structural parameters of the Benati and Surico’s (2009) model in Eq.s (26)- (29). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bayesian-approach-estimated-structural-parameters-of-2hta25l0.png TABLE 4. Bayesian approach, estimated structural parameters of the Benati and Surico’s (2009) model in Eq.s (26)-(29). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lag-length-selection-in-the-statistical-model-in-eq-3975tc38.png TABLE 1. Lag length selection in the statistical model in Eq.s (32)-(33). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bayesian-approach-prior-distributions-used-for-the-y3deh81h.png TABLE 3. Bayesian approach, prior distributions used for the structural parameters in the Benati and Surico’s (2009) model in Eq.s (26)-(29). https://scispace.com/papers/mitigation-of-peer-to-peer-overlay-attacks-in-the-automatic-52uk9su18c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dependency-of-the-dos-success-probability-on-the-13ka72hn.png Figure 9. Dependency of the DoS success probability on the cardinality of Me, using the VSS scheme with auxiliary routing tables (|G| = 1000, |Gc| = 20, k = 20%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probability-that-the-measurements-generated-by-a-2iiy7m33.png Figure 5. Probability that the measurements generated by a given Meter are altered by one or more malicious Gateways, p, for the dishonest-intrusive attack. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-probability-of-success-of-the-dos-and-semantic-5o9cfaox.png Figure 8. Probability of success of the DoS and Semantic attacks, assuming the dishonest-intrusive attack scenario, |G| = 1000, t = 3, Gc = 20, and Me = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-that-the-measurements-generated-by-a-33gwlmdy.png Figure 6. Probability that the measurements generated by a given Meter are altered by one or more malicious Gateways, p, for the dishonest-intrusive attack with auxiliary routing tables, assuming |G| = 1000 (results from [33]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probability-of-success-of-the-dos-attack-assuming-357c17ka.png Figure 7. Probability of success of the DoS attack, assuming the dishonest-non-intrusive attack scenario, |G| = 1000, t = 3, Gc = 20, and Me = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computational-load-at-each-node-in-pedersen-vss-33va4ged.png Table II. Computational load at each node in Pedersen VSS Scheme (timings computed for w = 8 and t = 3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-length-of-the-messages-exchanged-in-protocols-1-and-3gxs9er8.png Table I. Length of the messages exchanged in Protocols 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-aggregation-phase-of-the-vss-enhanced-2a3lf5xp.png Figure 2. Data aggregation phase of the VSS-enhanced aggregation protocol https://scispace.com/papers/mitigating-capital-flight-through-military-expenditure-jxkpg8y79n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dynamic-gmm-specifications-based-on-3-year-non-15cl0irg.png Table 2: Dynamic GMM specifications (Based on 3 Year Non-Overlapping Intervals) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-qr-for-domestic-and-transnational-terrorism-1g2p2tmi.png Table 3: QR for Domestic and Transnational terrorism https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-contemporary-and-non-contemporary-ols-and-fixed-334u0a0m.png Table 1: Contemporary and Non-contemporary OLS and Fixed-effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qr-for-unclear-and-total-terrorism-2q4m27d5.png Table 4: QR for Unclear and Total terrorism https://scispace.com/papers/mitigating-wake-turbulence-risk-during-final-approach-via-49j0p0i4qz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-reductions-of-a320-wake-vortex-lifetimes-with-both-1ruwtrc9.png Table 7 Reductions of A320 wake vortex lifetimes with both plate lines (top) and only a single plate line (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a320-vortex-measurement-counts-top-left-vortex-age-29s3y2nh.png Figure 12 A320 vortex measurement counts (top left), vortex-age-binned circulation percentiles (top right), and circulation-binned normalized (bottom left) and dimensional (bottom right) vortex age percentiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-wake-vortex-measurements-of-206-landings-503-vortex-24pys1l8.png Figure 5 Wake vortex measurements of 206 landings / 503 vortex evolutions with and 266 landings / 548 vortex evolutions without plate lines (weight classes J, H, M). Bottom left prevailing wind conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plate-line-design-for-temporary-installation-2w7o81pj.png Figure 2 Plate line design for temporary installation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-wake-vortex-measurements-within-different-1ku88ull.png Figure 17 Wake vortex measurements within different turbulence regimes for headwinds lower than 2 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-wake-vortex-measurement-counts-vortex-age-binned-3bnv4le3.png Figure 18 Wake vortex measurement counts, vortex-age-binned circulation percentiles, and circulation-binned vortex age percentiles in the ±50 m safety corridor for headwinds lower than 2 m/s within different turbulence regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-b777-200-vortex-measurement-counts-top-left-vortex-ch7w6h0p.png Figure 16 B777-200 vortex measurement counts (top left), vortex-age-binned circulation percentiles (top right), and circulation-binned normalized (bottom left) and dimensional (bottom right) vortex age percentiles in the ±50 m safety corridor for headwinds lower than 2 m/s. https://scispace.com/papers/mitochondrial-dysfunction-and-mitophagy-in-parkinson-s-from-3sz77v6b2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-roles-of-a-synuclein-and-lrrk2-in-38sanfoa.png Figure 2. Overview of the roles of α-synuclein and LRRK2 in mitochondrial dysfunction. 1) Reduced but not oxidised DJ-1 inhibits α-syn aggregation through chaperone-like activity. 2) Aggregated α-syn may directly permeablize lipid membranes and inhibit mitochondrial complex activities. 3) Damaged mitochondria may be degraded by the PINK1/parkin pathway, however, cardiolipin externalisation on the mitochondrial surface may represent an alternative pathway. α-synuclein binds cardiolipin suggesting it may modulate cardiolipin-mediated mitophagy. 4) Aggregated α-synuclein inhibits lysosomal function exacerbating cellular stress. 5) LRRK2 plays a homeostatic role in activating the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 through its phosphorylation, however increased kinase activity results in aberrant Drp1 phosphorylation and fission. 6) Increased fission in G2019S models is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS production from mitochondrial complexes. The increased number of fragmented mitochondria will increase autophagic flux due to the increase in mitophagic cargo. 7) Aggregated α-synuclein and LRRK2 mutations have been shown to impair CMA resulting in increased protein aggregation and further cellular stress. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-roles-of-pd-associated-2ok5ciek.png Figure 1. Overview of the roles of PD-associated mitochondrial proteins in mitochondrial homeostasis and mitophagy. 1) DJ-1 acts as a redox sensor and antioxidant in mitochondria during normal homeostasis. 2) Upon oxidative stress selective sequestration of mitochondrial components into PINK1/parkin-dependent mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs) occurs. These MDVs, which can fuse with lysosomes, likely act as an important mitochondrial quality-control mechanism. 3) Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by the proteins including mitofusins (Mfn) which promote fusion and and dynamin related protein-1 (Drp1) which promotes fission. Mitochondrial fission as a result of phosphorylation (activation) of Drp1 leads to increased fragmented mitochondria which generate more ROS and less ATP. Increased ROS production causes post-translational modification of proteins including oxidation of DJ-1 promoting mitochondrial fission and degradation. DJ-1 mutations lead to excessive fission/degradation. 4) Increased ROS production by damaged mitochondria (particularly complex I) results in increased DJ-1 oxidation. 5) Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential results in PINK1-dependent recruitment and activation of parkin. Parkin acts as an E3 ligase ubiqutinylating mitochondrial proteins, particularly outer-membrane proteins, resulting in sequestration in autophagic vacuoles and 6) degradation of cargo by lysosomal proteases. https://scispace.com/papers/mitosis-sequence-detection-using-hidden-conditional-random-4tkvzyjvew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-key-steps-of-the-proposed-method-1a9xdxm7.png Fig. 2. Key Steps of the Proposed Method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-roc-of-hcrf-with-gist-feature-and-w-2-3btq03fh.png Fig. 4. ROC of HCRF with Gist Feature and w = 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-graphical-model-of-hcrf-qjq54c0l.png Fig. 3. Graphical Model of HCRF https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-hcrf-crf-and-svm-with-gist-aq0vcdt8.png Table 1. Comparison of HCRF, CRF and SVM with Gist https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-label-for-mitosis-sequence-1w1nb4ey.png Fig. 5. Label for mitosis sequence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mitosis-detection-workflow-k46l9u8n.png Fig. 1. Mitosis Detection Workflow https://scispace.com/papers/mixed-component-sulfone-sulfoxide-tagged-zinc-irmofs-in-situ-37017koxp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-starting-synthetic-ratios-percentage-compositions-ttkim59e.png Table 1. Starting synthetic ratios, percentage compositions and framework formulations of the MOFs synthesized in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-mofs-derived-from-gas-6ow7rvvc.png Table 2. Characteristics of the MOFs derived from gas sorption experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-n2-adsorption-isotherms-at-77-k-and-b-pore-size-1f7c0z1t.png Figure 4. (a) N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K and (b) pore size distributions for MSO2-15 (red), MSO2Me-36 (orange), MSO2Me-64 (green), MSO2Me-79 (blue), MSO2Me-100 (purple) and MSO2Pr-100 (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-full-tg-traces-solid-lines-with-partial-inset-dta-2sfrk135.png Figure 3. Full TG traces (solid lines) with partial inset DTA traces (dotted lines) for MSO2Me15 (red), MSO2Me-36 (orange), MSO2Me-64 (green), MSO2Me-79 (blue), MSO2Me-100 (purple) and MSO2Pr-100 (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pxrd-patterns-of-mso2me-15-a-mso2me-36-b-mso2me-64-13hp6t0z.png Figure 2. PXRD patterns of MSO2Me-15 (a), MSO2Me-36 (b), MSO2Me-64 (c), MSO2Me-79 (d), MSO2Me-100 (e) and MSO2Pr-100 (f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-co2-adsorption-isotherms-at-298-k-and-b-enthalpy-3dxhfkia.png Figure 5. (a) CO2 adsorption isotherms at 298 K and (b) enthalpy of CO2 adsorption for MSO2Me-15 (red), MSO2Me-36 (orange), MSO2Me-64 (green), MSO2Me-79 (blue), MSO2Me100 (purple) and MSO2Pr-100 (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1h-nmr-spectra-of-digested-samples-of-mso2me-15-red-c6arjjs0.png Figure 1. 1H NMR spectra of digested samples of MSO2Me-15 (red), MSO2Me-36 yellow), MSO2Me-64 (green), MSO2Me-79 (blue), and MSO2Me-100 (purple). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-water-uptake-parameters-of-the-mofs-at-298-k-htjnuk6v.png Table 3. Water uptake parameters of the MOFs at 298 K https://scispace.com/papers/mitogen-activated-protein-kinases-and-chemoresistance-in-2upc2j0d4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-erk1-2-pathway-inhibition-by-pd98059-in-3i92kssf.png FIG. 3. Effect of ERK1/2 pathway inhibition by PD98059 in pancreatic cancer cells. A, Inactivation of the ERK1/2 pathway by PD98059. After treatment by DSMO (control) or chemotherapeutic drugs (20 mM 5-FU, 200 M ADM, and 10 mM GEM) with or without 50 M PD98059 for 72 h, cells were lysed and equal amounts of total protein (60 g/lane) were subjected to Western blot analysis using phospho-specific and non-phospho-specific antibodies of ERK1/2. The non-phosphorylated forms also serve as the loading controls. B, Sensitization effects of PD98059 on SW1990/Fu cells in combination with 5-FU. Exponentially growing cells were cultivated in 6-well plates for 24 h with a drug-free medium and then treated with DMSO (control) or 5-FU (20 mM) alone or combined with different doses of PD98059 for 72 h. Both adherent and non-adherent cells were collected and stained with propidium iodine, and the number of apoptotic cells was counted with a flow cytometer. Results represent the mean SD of three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-increased-resistance-of-chemoresistant-sublines-to-f75tx44n.png FIG. 1. Increased resistance of chemoresistant sublines to chemotherapeutic drugs compared with the parental cell line SW1990. A, Concentration-survival curves of the SW1990 cell line and the acquired chemoresistant sublines. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates and cultured for 24 h. Cells were then treated with the indicated concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs for 48 h, followed by a WST-8 assay according to the manufacturer’s instructions. There were five duplicate wells for each concentration, and experiments were repeated three times. B, Increased resistance of SW1990/FU to apoptosis induced by 5-FU. Exponentially growing SW1990 cells and resistant subline SW1990/FU cells were cultivated in 6-well plates for 24 h with drug-free medium and were then treated with the same concentration of 5-FU(5 mM) for 72 h. Both adherent and non-adherent cells were collected and stained with propidium iodine, and the number of apoptotic cells was counted with a Coulter Elite flow cytometer. Results represent the mean SD of three independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-erk-pathway-inhibition-and-chemotherapeutic-3nz9tsc4.png FIG. 5. Effects of ERK pathway inhibition and chemotherapeutic drugs on PARP, caspases, and Bcl-2 activation. After treatment by DSMO (control) or chemotherapeutic drugs (20 mM 5-FU, 200 M ADM, and 10 mM GEM) with or without 50 M PD98059 for 72 h, protein lysates (60 g/lane) were subjected to Western blot analysis. Cleaved PARP and cleaved caspases represented their activated forms and were detected by corresponding antibodies. -actin served as a loading and transfer control. The results are representative of at least two independent experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-brief-diagram-of-the-mitogen-activated-protein-1oz7hxoc.png FIG. 6. A brief diagram of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and the apoptotic pathways. The MAPKs include extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and the p38 MAPK kinases. Generally, it is considered that ERK and PI3K/Akt is activated in response to growth factors, conferring a survival advantage to cells. In contrast, JNK and p38 MAPK is highly activated in response to a variety of environmental stress, which is most frequently associated with induction of apoptosis. Cytotoxic drugs can induce apotosis either through the death-receptor or the mitochondrial pathway. Caspases are activated by cleavage, which can be activated in both pathways. Bcl-2 family is a central regulator of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. There might be some cross-talks between the MAPK pathways and the apoptotic pathways. The balances of the survival and the apoptosis signals determine the future of cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phosphorylation-levels-of-erk1-2-jnk-p38-mapk-and-akt-2v3ir2zj.png FIG. 2. Phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK and Akt kinases detected by Western blot analysis in SW1990 cells and SW1990 chemoresistant sublines: Equal amounts of total cellular protein from exponentially growing cells were separated by electrophoresis and subjected to Western blot analysis with phosphospecific and total protein antibodies to ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and Akt. The non-phosphorylated forms also serve as the loading controls. Compared with the parental cell line SW1990, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 were elevated in all three chemoresistant sublines. Representative blots of at least three independent experiments are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/mitochondrial-phylogeography-of-the-eurasian-beaver-castor-1fqzzvm77v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-condensed-dot-matrix-displaying-variables-sites-of-2pp5z381.png Table 2 Condensed dot matrix displaying variables sites of the 495-bp alignment of the mtDNA control region for 16 haplotypes found in Castor fiber. Haplotype codes are given on the left, and nucleotide positions are displayed at the top; ‘-’ denotes an indel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-median-joining-network-for-castor-fiber-mtdna-control-22xh95v2.png Fig. 3 Median-joining network for Castor fiber mtDNA control region haplotypes (Table 1). Circle areas are proportional to haplotype frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-below-diagonal-net-sequence-divergence-da-between-1rga9xyp.png Table 3 Below diagonal: net sequence divergence (Da) between pairs of subspecies, based on p distance; above diagonal: standard errors of the estimates (1000 bootstrap replicates). On the diagonal: nucleotide diversities (π) within subspecies, with standard errors (1000 bootstrap replicates) in parentheses. All values are expressed as percentages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-strict-consensus-of-16-most-parsimonious-trees-lfkoyo9d.png Fig. 2 (a) Strict consensus of 16 most parsimonious trees constructed from 16 Castor fiber mtDNA D-loop haplotypes; (b) neighbourjoining tree constructed from the matrix of pairwise p distances. Bootstrap values above 70% are shown; both trees were rooted with three Castor canadensis haplotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-sampling-sites-for-castor-fiber-3mzg0md8.png Fig. 1 Location of the sampling sites for Castor fiber. Current range of C. fiber and Castor canadensis according to Halley & Rosell (2002) and Saveljev (2003), except Russian far east. Relict populations remaining at the end of the 19th century: C. f. albicus (al), C. f. belorussicus (be), C. f. birulai (bi), C. f. fiber (fi), C. f. galliae (ga), C. f. orientoeuropaeus (or), C. f. pohlei (po) and C. f. tuvinicus (tu). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mismatch-distributions-for-the-eastern-a-and-western-b-3a4m6c9u.png Fig. 4 Mismatch distributions for the eastern (a) and western (b) Castor fiber phylogroups. The black curve shows the expected distribution according to the sudden expansion model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-samples-of-castor-fiber-assessed-for-the-sequence-3t2sjtjv.png Table 1 Samples of Castor fiber assessed for the sequence variation in the mtDNA control region fragment. Individuals are arranged according to their subspecific status (Lavrov 1981; Heidecke 1986) and geographical origin into eight populations (Fig. 1). N, number of individuals studied. Populations labelled ‘C. f. ssp. 1’ and ‘C. f. ssp. 2’ were sampled in the region where C. f. belorussicus and C. f. orientoeuropaeus hybridized, see text https://scispace.com/papers/mixed-signals-employee-reactions-to-talent-status-5ftbg9em9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-coding-examples-1th9xvye.png Table 1. Data-coding examples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reactions-and-sensemaking-of-b-players-about-their-3020em09.png Figure 2. Reactions and sensemaking of ‘B’ players about their talent status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reactions-and-sensemaking-of-talent-about-their-3w2fi16v.png Figure 1. Reactions and sensemaking of talent about their talent status https://scispace.com/papers/mixed-planar-and-network-single-facility-location-problems-5lse2a50zn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-shortest-distance-to-a-segment-2rp2hyr1.png Figure 2: The shortest distance to a segment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-performance-of-the-minimax-algorithms-2rc4pok4.png Table 2: Average performance of the minimax algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-square-and-ring-instances-15tizpgj.png Figure 3: Square and Ring Instances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-showing-that-the-optimal-solution-may-be-1keusyj4.png Figure 1: An example showing that the optimal solution may be in the interior of a link. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-performance-of-the-algorithm-3uku1bob.png Table 1: Average performance of the algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/mixed-phase-clouds-progress-and-challenges-4ksm91ynzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-5-a-cross-sections-through-les-dx-5-dy-5-10m-dz-5-5m-3lk4uc9k.png FIG. 5-5. (a) Cross sections through LES (dx 5 dy 5 10m, dz 5 5m) of TKE. (b) Liquid water mixing ratio for background ice conditions of 0.1 g kg21 and 10 L21 at298C. (c) Comparison of turbulent domainmean liquid water content from the LES and the analytic solution for a range of TKE and ice concentrations. [Adapted from Hill et al. (2014) and Field et al. (2014).] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-4-effect-of-vertical-velocity-on-the-formation-of-1mi5ut5b.png FIG. 5-4. Effect of vertical velocity on the formation of mixedphase during harmonic oscillations. Magnitude of sinusoidal vertical velocity 5 0.1m s21. After a few cycles q(z) reaches the limit cycle. Activation of liquid water occurs at point A during ascent, and complete evaporation at point B during descent. Ice evaporates below CD line (ice adiabat) and it grows above it. Numerical simulation was conducted for T 5 2108C, initial ice crystal radius of ri0 5 10mm and ice concentration of 100 L 21. [Adapted from Korolev and Field (2008).] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-18-examples-of-radar-doppler-spectra-at-different-2zt2j0iw.png FIG. 5-18. Examples of radar Doppler spectra at different heights from cloud base to cloud top. (left) The simulated spectra based on outputs of a large-eddy simulationmodel for a spring season simulation. (right) Ka-band ARM zenith radar (KAZR) observations in October 2011. The red lines represent the cloud liquid drop contributions to (and retrieved from) the spectra; whereas the blue lines represent both the cloud liquid drop and ice particle contributions to the spectra. Positive velocities represent upwardmotion and negative velocities downwardmotion. [From Yu et al. (2014).] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-21-toa-reflectance-for-simulated-clouds-of-different-3feqh4zw.png FIG. 5-21. TOA reflectance for simulated clouds of different thermodynamic phase (shown by different colors) for a single 0.5-km-thick layer at 5.5-km altitude with 308 solar zenith over a dark surface: (left to right) TWC5 0.025, 0.1, and 0.4 gm23. The particle radii are held constant at 10 and 60mm for liquid and ice, respectively. The TWC is apportioned to one or both phases in 25% increments. [From Thompson et al. (2016).] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-20-examples-of-directional-polarization-samples-at-0-11oa7cos.png FIG. 5-20. Examples of directional polarization samples at 0.865mm measured by POLDER over Lille (northern France) for cirrus clouds and liquid clouds. Solid lines correspond to linear fit of themeasurements for the two scattering-angle ranges: 608–1408 and 1408–1808. [From Goloub et al. (2000).] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-19-imaginary-index-of-refraction-for-water-solid-line-3je4zv2r.png FIG. 5-19. Imaginary index of refraction for water (solid line) and ice (dashed line) from 3 to 13mm. The three arrows correspond to the three AVHRR thermal channels (3.7, 11, and 12mm). [From Key and Intrieri (2000).] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-7-example-showing-a-time-series-of-lwc-gray-curve-and-3vwctf26.png FIG. 5-7. Example showing (a) time series of LWC (gray curve) and IWC (black curve) from the Nevzorov probe, and (b) signal from the RICE in mixed phase. The slope of the RICE increases in supercooled liquid water, which corresponds well with the increases in LWC. The rapid decreases in RICE signal occur when the rod is heated to melt accreted ice and restart the measurement cycle. Data collected by the Environment Canada from the NRCConvair 580 during the Alliance Icing Research Study (AIRS), Ottawa, Ontario, 16 Dec 1999, Nimbostratus, T 5 268C. [Adapted from Korolev et al. (1998).] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-13-a-spatial-and-b-mass-fractions-of-ice-liquid-and-2k83eser.png FIG. 5-13. (a) Spatial and (b) mass fractions of ice, liquid, and mixed clouds. Clouds with mice # 0.1 were categorized as liquid, 0.1, mice , 0.9 were categorized as mixed phase, and mice $ 0.9 were categorized as ice. Clouds were determined as having TWC $ 0.01 gm23, averaging scale was 100m, and the total length of sampled clouds was 61 765 km. Measurements were performed by Environment Canada in mid- and high-latitude continental and maritime air masses during the period 1994–2001. https://scispace.com/papers/mixing-layer-in-open-channel-junction-flows-1i286wd9g9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-of-the-experimental-set-up-1vpp59fj.png Figure 2: Scheme of the experimental set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-reynolds-shear-stress-top-streamwise-ugagcwnv.png Figure 8: Evolution of Reynolds shear stress (top), streamwise (middle) and normal (bottom) turbulent intensity for both flows. Vertical axes are reversed for F1 for better understanding. In this section the three terms of the 2D Reynolds stress tensor detailed in Eq. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flow-characteristics-2c65y8o4.png Table 1: Flow characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnitude-of-the-local-radius-of-curvature-of-the-9mhs7uj4.png Figure 4: Magnitude of the local radius of curvature of the streamlines Rs and of the field lines Rn for F1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evolution-along-s-of-u1-o-u2-uc-and-linear-best-fit-4qpwodbr.png Figure 7: Evolution along S of U1(o), U2(+), Uc() and linear best fit (plain line); of U with linear best fit (plain line); of maximum normal gradient (see Fig. 6) and of with Eqs. 10 and 12 for F1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-along-the-mixing-layer-s-axis-of-3kwlqyig.png Figure 5: Evolution along the mixing layer (S axis) of transverse (N axis) profiles of mean streamwise velocity along the 6 selected field lines for F1 (left) and F2 (right), see Fig.1. Vertical axes are reversed for F1 for better understanding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-normal-gradients-of-mean-streamwise-3b9yecwh.png Figure 6: Evolution of normal gradients of mean streamwise velocity for both flows. Vertical axes are reversed for F1 for better understanding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-evolution-of-maximum-normal-gradient-2aklqcko.png Figure 7: Evolution along S of U1(o), U2(+), Uc() and linear best fit (plain line); of U with linear best fit (plain line); of maximum normal gradient (see Fig. 6) and of with Eqs. 10 and 12 for F1. https://scispace.com/papers/mms-observation-of-asymmetric-reconnection-supported-by-3-d-11q06h6eqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-omnidirectional-a-ion-and-b-electron-spectrograms-c-167d34qp.png Figure 2. Omnidirectional (a) ion and (b) electron spectrograms, (c) magnetic field vector, (d) ion and electron number densities, (e) ion and (f ) electron bulk velocities, (g) current density vector calculated from the plasma moments, (h) electric field vector in the spacecraft frame, (i) ion and electron temperatures, and omnidirectional (j) electric and (k) magnetic field power spectrograms. The white, blue, and red traces on panels (j) and (k) are the electron-cyclotron, lower-hybrid, and plasma-ion frequencies, respectively. (l–o) The 0.9 s averages of the ion velocity distribution function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plasma-data-from-mms1-in-local-time-dependent-b-3qhclpa5.png Figure 3. Plasma data from MMS1 in local (time dependent) B field coordinates. (a) Parallel and (b) perpendicular velocities of electrons (blue) and ions (red). Also in (b), the E⃗ × B⃗ drift velocity (black). (c) The parallel (black) and perpendicular (orange) current density. (d) The electron anisotropy. Vertical lines mark the times where (e)–(l), 2-d and 1-d cuts of electron velocity distribution functions, were measured. (m) A schematic diagram of the estimated path of Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) through the reconnection region with some of the observed reconnection signatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-data-from-mms-1-near-the-x-point-a-d-first-column-1s2hy3rs.png Figure 5. Data from MMS-1 near the X-point. (a)–(d) First column shows 2-d cuts of the electron velocity distribution functions (eVDF) in the v⊥1 − v⊥2 plane, second column shows 1-d cuts along v⊥1 (orange) and v⊥2 (black), third column shows 2-d cuts in the v∥ − v⊥1 plane, and final column shows 1-d cuts along v∥ (orange) and v⊥1 (black). The color bars are identical to those in Figure 3. The times where the four electron velocity distribution functions (a–d) were measured are marked on panels (e–f ) with vertical lines. (e) Magnetic field and (f ) current density in the LMN-X system, where LX = [0.157, 0.035, 0.987], MX = [0.240,−0.971,−0.0039], and NX = LX ×MX . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-analysis-of-generalized-ohms-law-a-similar-to-1ajl2g40.png Figure 7. Analysis of generalized Ohm’s law, (a) similar to Figure 6c, (b) similar to 6d, and (c) similar to 6f, but for the corrugated magnetopause event of Ergun et al. (2017). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asymptotic-upstream-conditions-and-parameters-2dw03sbv.png Table 1 Asymptotic Upstream Conditions and Parameters Related to Asymmetric Reconnection Determined fromMMS1 Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-position-of-the-magnetospheric-multiscale-mms-2mnh9gz9.png Figure 1. (a) Position of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) constellation relative to the nominal position of the magnetopause, as predicted by the empirical model of Shue et al. (1998). (b) Formation of the tetrahedron in LMN coordinates (see section 2). (c) Relevant data, including the LMN coordinate axes in geocentric solar ecliptic (GSE), the average velocity of the magnetopause determined with minimization of Faraday residue (MFR) of data from the full ∼30 s crossing, the comparatively instantaneous velocity of the magnetopause determined by timing analysis of the magnetic field vector near the BZ reversal point, and the electron inertial length de in the magnetosheath. Panel (a) is taken from the quicklook orbit plot archive on the MMS science data center. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-analysis-of-generalized-ohms-law-near-the-bl-3ksbqvb5.png Figure 6. Analysis of generalized Ohm’s law near the BL reversal point, as shown in (a), and the intense out-of-plane electron current layer, as shown in (b). (c)–(f ) The nonideal energy conversion rate determined by (c) the measured electric field and (d)–(f ) the electric field approximated from the plasma electron data as E⃗′ ≈ E⃗DivPe + E⃗inertial. (d) A comparison of the two terms in the approximated J⃗ ⋅ E⃗′ . (e) A comparison of the gyrotropic versus agyrotropic contributions to J⃗ ⋅ (E⃗DivPe + E⃗inertial). (f ) A comparison of the in-plane versus out-of-plane gradient terms in the pressure divergence. (g) A proxy for the error in the barycentric magnetic-pressure coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-data-from-the-four-spacecraft-near-the-x-point-3i1zugbu.png Figure 4. Data from the four spacecraft near the X-point, including (a) the total magnetic field strength, (b)–(d) the L, M, and N components of the magnetic field, (e)–(g) the three components of the electric field in the electron frame, (h) the normal electric field in the spacecraft frame, (i) the out-of-plane current density, (j) the electron temperatures, (k) the electron agyrotropy, (l) the electron-frame energy conversion rates, and (m) the total current density from (magenta) the curlometer method and (black) the average of the fast plasma investigation plasma moments. https://scispace.com/papers/mobile-augmented-reality-client-as-a-ux-method-for-living-26getr18pr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-adjectives-selected-to-describe-the-ar-patio-each-1dztvqzz.png Figure 11: Adjectives selected to describe the AR PATIO. Each participant selected four adjectives out of a selection of 42, 21 positives and 21 negatives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-third-target-was-at-the-top-of-the-wall-when-378nohru.png Figure 8: The third target was at the top of the wall. When the user pointed the device in the right direction, the AR content appeared, and the user could answer the question. Here, a point cloud of the environment was used as a marker. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-how-users-perceived-answering-in-ar-shown-by-a-1ycqsj95.png Figure 10: How users perceived answering in AR, shown by a diverging scale graph based on the results from a Likert scale questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-fourth-target-a-moose-was-positioned-by-a-wall-1gsj9jkf.png Figure 9: The fourth target, a moose, was positioned by a wall art piece. When the user pointed their device to that direction, the AR content (3D moose) appeared. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-use-of-ar-technology-in-placing-the-3d-animals-2sdwno00.png Figure 12: The use of AR technology in placing the 3D animals from the zoological museum into the campus area was described as interesting, useful, and fun, shown by a diverging scale graph based on the results from a Likert scale questionnaire. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-activities-in-mobile-patio-b-the-selected-262y3jyz.png Figure 1: a) Activities in Mobile PATIO. b) The selected Activity in Mobile PATIO. In this activity, a user can join a forum discussion, answer a survey, open AR to browse AR content, and answer a question in AR view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-questionnaire-panels-in-a-ar-view-with-a-multiple-1x2aqxcb.png Figure 3: Questionnaire panels in a) AR view with a multiple-choice question and b) with a question slider. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-map-view-in-ar-patio-b-notification-on-a-question-2n35roiu.png Figure 2: a) Map view in AR PATIO. b) Notification on a question being too far away. https://scispace.com/papers/mobile-phones-and-contact-arrangements-for-children-living-3dqkaoy3e1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-data-sources-2wjyltgw.png Table 9: Data Sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-length-of-placement-45ct4k60.png Figure 3: Length of placement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-age-of-child-being-cared-for-3d73jipq.png Figure 1: Age of child being cared for https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-perceived-advantages-and-disadvantages-from-care-1nfzhfmb.png Table 4: Perceived advantages and disadvantages from care home manager’s perspective https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-age-of-foster-carer-table-6-type-of-placement-qcc764th.png Table 5: Age of foster carer % Table 6 : Type of placement % https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-therapeutic-models-core-components-2o95kg0e.png Table 3: Therapeutic models – core components https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-topics-discussed-with-children-and-young-people-cxd7yhpf.png Table 7: Topics discussed with children and young people https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-residential-care-home-manager-interviews-it2vdttn.png Table 2: Residential care home manager interviews https://scispace.com/papers/mobile-monitoring-application-to-support-sustainable-110l7k1siy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-early-ban-the-epilepsy-ban-incorporated-electrodes-2u4f8g01.png Fig. 2. An early BAN: the Epilepsy BAN incorporated electrodes and an activity sensor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-major-health-ban-projects-of-the-telemedicine-group-at-dam7wpvc.png Fig. 3. Major health BAN projects of the Telemedicine Group at the University of Twente. Current research activities are related to the Fourth Generation. DS = Decision Support. PGS = Patient Guidance Services. KBSs = Knowledge Based Systems. CDS = Clinical Decision Support. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generic-architecture-of-the-mobihealth-ban-system-31xk48ic.png Fig. 1. Generic Architecture of the MobiHealth BAN system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-four-of-the-fovea-screenshots-floor-plan-buffets-3fz4n9sl.png Fig. 4. Four of the FOVEA screenshots: floor plan, buffets, energy screen, and impact of one food item on energy balance. https://scispace.com/papers/mobility-aware-user-association-in-uplink-cellular-networks-4gd6z3yu3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-association-regions-for-a-dude-red-dotted-lines-and-b-1zyh6nb1.png Fig. 1: Association regions for (a) DUDe (red-dotted lines) and (b) RSS (blue-solid lines) based policies modeled via weighted Voronoi tessellation. Macro and small BSs are represented by black triangles and red circles, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-2ympc45t.png TABLE I: Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-handover-cost-average-throughput-for-mobile-ue-3mwigx2o.png Fig. 3: Handover Cost & Average Throughput for mobile UE employing RSS and DUDe associations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-stationary-effective-network-throughput-for-rss-and-1v34x8fg.png Fig. 2: Stationary Effective & Network Throughput for RSS and DUDe architectures https://scispace.com/papers/mobility-balance-and-frailty-in-community-dwelling-older-2kkwf87trv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-for-the-whole-sample-2fcxl3en.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics for the whole sample, fallers and non-fallers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ability-of-single-domains-of-frailty-for-predicting-ugekyh6v.png Table 3. Ability of single domains of frailty for predicting falls during the 12-month follow-up https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ability-of-mobility-balance-and-frailty-for-3encu91a.png Table 2. Ability of mobility, balance, and frailty for predicting falls during the 12-month followup https://scispace.com/papers/mobility-modeling-through-mobile-data-generating-an-2x6ia8294y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-to-the-proposed-algorithm-2yhao2zf.png Fig. 1. Flowchart to the proposed algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-change-in-error-rate-through-iterations-1w0axa3m.png Fig. 3. Change in error rate through iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-number-of-visitors-per-dataset-and-absolute-error-tu5e8bn5.png TABLE III NUMBER OF VISITORS PER DATASET AND ABSOLUTE ERROR FOR EACH SUB-CATEGORY OF AGES ON THE FIRST DAY. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-final-generated-dataset-34z2fll0.png TABLE IV FINAL GENERATED DATASET. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-number-of-unique-visitors-per-geolife-present-on-26qog6f2.png TABLE I NUMBER OF UNIQUE VISITORS PER GEOLIFE PRESENT ON FIMU’S DAY. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-french-unique-visitors-present-over-three-fimus-1oljekt1.png TABLE II FRENCH UNIQUE VISITORS PRESENT OVER THREE FIMU’S DAYS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-of-n-3-days-combination-and-3lt6k69e.png Fig. 2. Representation of n=3 days combination and illustration of both Th1 and Sa2 known values. https://scispace.com/papers/mobility-support-in-hybrid-wireless-ip-networking-4w9i76v2o2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-split-connection-with-without-end-to-end-3v6jx5o9.png Fig. 8. Split connection with/without end-to-end acknowledgment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-backward-and-forward-feedback-16x0s8mf.png Fig. 7. Backward and forward feedback. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schemes-with-route-oriented-strategy-1h9yg683.png Fig. 4. Schemes with route-oriented strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wireless-internet-interworking-scenarios-399oe3mw.png Fig. 1. Wireless/Internet interworking scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schemes-with-agent-assisted-strategy-2o3r1kp9.png Fig. 2. Schemes with agent-assisted strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-hierarchical-agent-and-local-anchor-1v6e9ks1.png Fig. 3. Hierarchical agent and local anchor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mobility-support-strategies-1ja2ljo1.png Table 1 Mobility support strategies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schemes-with-hybrid-strategy-2l6i88h1.png Fig. 5. Schemes with hybrid strategy. https://scispace.com/papers/model-based-computer-aided-framework-for-design-of-process-53v4iupb8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-fermentor-rqn50j8n.png Figure 7.3: Fermentor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-11-cheese-vat-16zzopnw.png Figure 7.11: Cheese vat https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-8-milk-storage-tank-160elseh.png Figure 7.8: Milk storage tank https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-13-activity-diagram-for-final-process-monitoring-1zt48aoy.png Figure 4.13: Activity diagram for final process monitoring and analysis system (step 9) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-structure-of-knowledge-base-section-2-19sczi62.png Figure 3.5: Structure of knowledge base (section 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-systematic-representation-of-the-specifications-33bin0rj.png Figure 3.6: Systematic representation of the specifications of the monitoring tools https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-knowledge-acquisition-and-reuse-3ukwob52.png Figure 3.1: Knowledge acquisition and reuse https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-12-cheddaring-tower-298o43tu.png Figure 7.12: Cheddaring tower https://scispace.com/papers/mobilization-of-antibiotic-resistance-genes-differ-by-1nfcjnoawr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-477-29f4hfgo.png Figures 477 https://scispace.com/papers/mode-matching-interface-for-efficient-coupling-of-light-into-3qskz4wuys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-coupling-efficiency-upper-plot-transmission-middle-2pivpqcl.png FIG. 4. Coupling efficiency~upper plot!, transmission~middle plot!, and reflection~lower plot! of the MLG as a function of wavelength and of the number of cascaded gratings. The optimum pling efficiency is obtained atl51.52mm and 27 layers; however the passband of the MLG is higher for a smaller number of c caded gratings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-configuration-of-the-simulation-the-width-x-direction-2chfqdyx.png FIG. 5. Configuration of the simulation. The width (x direction! is A so that a single hole per cascaded grating is placed in computational domain. Bloch boundary conditions are appliedx direction! so as to effectively simulate an infinite grating and infinite PPC in thex direction. The field is launched in the unpa terned slab, propagates through the MLG, and is transmitted the PPC. Field probes are periodically placed with a separatiod between them, first inside the MLG at equal distance from adjac gratings and then inside the PPC. The distance between the M and the PPC is chosen so as to impose the correct phase relatio between the zeroth and the first order for optimum insertion into Bloch mode. This results in the distance 3d/4 between the last grating of the MLG and the first row of the PPC~hole center to hole center!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-experimental-results-for-the-non-mode-matched-ppc-2fo2bdg9.png FIG. 14. ~a! Experimental results for the non-mode-matched PPC. The amorphous crystal is imaged with an IR camera subsequent wavelength. The intensities of all diffraction orders are shown.~b! Experimental results for the mode-matched PPC. T diffraction orders 1 and21 are suppressed. In~a! and~b!, the color scaling is the same for the three diffraction orders. The settings o infrarred camera were the same and the spots were imaged on the same region of the InxGa12xAs diode array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-field-decomposition-obtained-from-the-fie-probes-3r75uob6.png FIG. 6. ~Color! Field decomposition obtained from the fie probes.~a! and ~b! correspond to a non-mode-matched PPCl 51.51mm) and~c! corresponds to a PPC integrated with an ML of 14 layers that operates partial mode matching@l51.49mm, compare with Fig. 7~a!#. In ~a! u^c0uf&u21u^c1uf&u2 is shown for various time steps after the start of the FDTD simulation. In~b! and in ~c! the black curve showsu^c0uf&u2 @~i! in the text!#, the blue curve showsu^c1uf&u2 ~ii !, the green curve showsu^c0uf&u2 1u^c1uf&u2 ~iii !, and the red curve showsu^c̄0uf&u21u^c̄1uf&u2 ~iv!. It is apparent in~b! that the zeroth order is reflected~black line! and that the first order is transmitted~blue line!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-field-decomposition-obtained-from-the-fiel-3iztsfmz.png FIG. 7. ~Color! Field decomposition obtained from the fiel probes for a PPC integrated with an MLG with~a! 14 layers,~b! 19 layers and~c! 23 layers (l51.51mm in all three cases!. The MLG in ~a! has less then the optimum number of layers~not enough power coupled into the first order!, ~b! corresponds to the optimum number of layers and the MLG in~c! has too many layers. In~c! the coupling from the zeroth order into the first order is maximize however, the insertion efficiency into the PPC is suboptimum cause the Bloch mode has a small fraction of its power in the ze order. The color conventions are the same as in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-device-imaged-with-a-dark-field-microscope-on-t-left-3eswii5q.png FIG. 12. Device imaged with a dark field microscope. On t left, a waveguide is connected to a mode-matched PPC. An a phous crystal is placed to the right. Diffraction orders are numbe and represented by arrows. The white boxes show the regions aged by the IR camera~Fig. 14!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-dark-field-microscope-image-of-the-waveguide-region-m6zsefj1.png FIG. 13. ~a! Dark field microscope image of the waveguide region before the photonic crystal. On the left three waveguides are s center one is tapered out and couples into the photonic crystal~Fig. 12!. In the center of the image the white bar corresponds to an amorp crystal that extracts stray light coupled from free space into the slab~outside of the waveguide!. This makes sure that the light imaged in th region of the PPC is coupled from the center waveguide. The upper and lower waveguides on the left of the picture are used as fi optimize coupling from free space: In order to center the position of the spot from the focusing lens, we aimed to have an equal a light extracted by the amorphous crystals at the terminations of the two outer waveguides. The inset is a picture taken with the IR The spot from the focusing lens can be seen as well as the three waveguides.~b! is an SEM picture of the mode-matched PPC and~c! is an SEM view of the amorphous crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-field-profiles-amplitude-of-the-out-of-plane-compo-2rwj82w7.png FIG. 2. ~a! Field profiles~amplitude of the out of plane compo nent of theB field, B3, on the center plane of the PPC! of modes of the second and third bands located onGM ~at l51.55mm). The mode of the second band has a field maximum in the high in region at the center of the figure, where the mode of the third b has a field minimum.~b! Fourier structure of the mode of the se ond band obtained by taking the Fourier transform ofB3. The amplitudes of the Fourier components are shown. The axis gives offset of the Fourier components from the component in the first in integer multiples ofKW 1 andKW 2. https://scispace.com/papers/model-based-hazard-analysis-of-undesirable-environmental-and-1j0q8i8w82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-b-and-fig-3-c-the-vehiclecontrollerinterface-is-zgiulwml.png Fig. 3 (b) and Fig. 3 (c) the VehicleControllerInterface is defined and associates with two operations 1- getSpeed() and 2- ControlEngine(). The getSpeed() operations returns and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustrates-the-double-v-lifecycle-model-used-for-28nosx23.png Fig. 8 illustrates the double V lifecycle model used for design and development of complex systems or system of systems (SOS). Close collaboration between system developers and engineering controlling the SOS is required. The system developers are required to provide the required information for SOS engineers so they can evaluate and engineer how the whole system operates. On the other hand, the SOS engineers are required to provide the needed information to system developers so they are aware how to evaluate and develop their system as part of the complex system under consideration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-illustrates-the-xmi-transformation-of-source-of-power-31o7iowr.png Fig. 17 illustrates the XMI transformation of "Source of Power" and "Fan" elements in the EPS block definition diagram. First step in the java-based hazard path analyzer is to search for hazardous components, in this case the source of power with hazard type of "over current". This thread maybe propagated in all direction through conducting wires. Second step in the process is to search for the potential vulnerable components that are susceptible to the identified hazard in previous step. The susceptibility of component is recognized by comparing the type of vulnerability of the component with the type of identified hazard. In the case of EPS system, simple depth-first search is used, however more sophisticated search algorithms are necessary for a complex system. As illustrated in Fig. 18, there are three hazard paths to be examined by the hazard path analyzer: From source of power to AC resistor, fan, and DC resistor. In order to analyze the path from source of power to the AC resistor, the path analyzer inspects the Current Sensor (IT240), Relay (EY244), Inverter (INV2), Current Sensor (IT267), Relay (E272), and including all the connections between identified components are checked for matching "carrier type" to make sure that hazard is traversed from source to potentially vulnerable component. In the case of EPS system all the connections and components are carrier of over current spikes. Therefore, the examined path is recognized as hazardous. Fig. 18 illustrates the input and output of hazard path analyzer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-demonstrates-the-sysml-requirement-diagram-metamodel-31u3ydk1.png Fig. 6 demonstrates the SysML requirement diagram metamodel elements that are supported by MagicDraw. As illustrated in Fig. 6 the extended requirement is an expansion of requirement class and contains additional properties that are essential for requirement management. The extended requirement can be of extended, functional, interface, performance, physical, business, usability requirements or design constraints. https://scispace.com/papers/model-based-earnings-forecasts-vs-financial-analysts-5co662pc8j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-encompassing-tests-17zudi4d.png Table 5: Encompassing Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-forecast-accuracy-by-earnings-to-price-e-p-ratio-1neopm8f.png Table 8: Forecast Accuracy by Earnings-to-Price (E/P) Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-encompassing-tests-2zca27dk.png Table 5: Encompassing Tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-forecast-accuracy-by-industry-3kbsel7h.png Table 6: Forecast Accuracy by Industry https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-forecast-bias-and-accuracy-24djyed6.png Table 3: Forecast Bias and Accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-forecast-accuracy-by-size-36f64rng.png Table 7: Forecast Accuracy by Size https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-earnings-model-estimation-results-3qka9kn5.png Table 2: Earnings Model Estimation Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-forecast-accuracy-by-industry-3pd5h8r0.png Table 6: Forecast Accuracy by Industry https://scispace.com/papers/model-based-proactive-read-validation-in-transaction-1les8mao01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-visual-representation-of-our-threshold-based-2aovq6mu.png Fig. 1: A visual representation of our threshold-based mechanism for proactive read-validation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-model-validation-plots-using-a-synthetic-benchmark-the-5bs88qoa.png Fig. 2: Model validation plots using a synthetic benchmark. The dataset size is of 1000 elements, each transaction performs 50 operations on random dataset elements. The actual read/write ratio varies in the two experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-throughput-results-compared-to-the-baseline-1prj614o.png Fig. 4: Throughput results compared to the baseline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-transaction-profiles-and-associated-cpu-demand-3gmhdlau.png TABLE I: Transaction profiles and associated CPU demand. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-turnaround-results-for-profile-1-compared-to-the-di2h0tem.png Fig. 3: Turnaround results for profile #1 compared to the baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/model-for-curvature-driven-pearling-instability-in-membranes-1y1gvhoh3n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-inhomogeneous-pearling-a-experimental-1lsrnpos.png FIG. 4 (color online). Inhomogeneous pearling. (a) Experimental result from Ref. [7] and (b) phase-field simulation using C0 1:1. (c) Plot of the energy difference E between the bending energy corresponding to a set of spheres and the one associated with a set of small spheres added to a bigger one, with respect to the increment of spontaneous curvature from the value C0 2=3, when equally sized spheres have zero bending energy. For spontaneous curvatures bigger than a critical value, the homogeneous configuration is energetically less favorable than the inhomogeneous one. The area of the vesicle is finite, and chosen in such a way that the homogeneous pearled chain consists of 8 spheres. Magnitudes are measured in normalized units, given by 1 and 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dynamic-evolution-time-goes-by-from-upper-images-to-2hqjrk23.png FIG. 3. Dynamic evolution (time goes by from upper images to down) of a tube with a polymer concentration on the membrane such that C0 0:68. We show (a) the experimental results from [7] and (b) the phase-field simulation for comparison. Pearls start at points where the tube looses its perfect cylindrical geometry, namely, the cap. The simulation has been performed on a 200 40 axisymmetric lattice. No-flux boundary conditions at the lateral walls have been implemented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-onset-of-the-pearling-instability-1jgqphn7.png FIG. 2 (color online). Onset of the pearling instability. Comparison of the experimental result from Ref. [7] (a) and the phase-field simulation (b). It is important to note that in the simulation there is no fitting parameter, but we just let the system evolve from an initial tubular shape, under a relatively low homogeneous induced spontaneous curvature, C0 0:48, below the pearling instability limit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-polymer-wedge-effect-inducing-a-216489l9.png FIG. 1 (color online). Polymer wedge effect inducing a spontaneous curvature in a bilayer. A bilayer formed by one kind of lipids with zero spontaneous curvature tends to be flat (a). When a certain amount of anchor groups of an amphiphilic polymer gets stuck in the outer leaflet of the bilayer, a spontaneous curvature is induced (b). https://scispace.com/papers/model-for-the-overall-phase-space-acceptance-in-a-zeeman-148pt0jk29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-a-inverse-time-needed-for-one-orbit-in-2v91sqmc.png FIG. 8. (Color online) (a) Inverse time needed for one orbit in longitudinal phase space vs the maximum relative position κ of nonsynchronous particles at different switch-off positions κ0. (b) Inverse time for one revolution in transverse phase space as a function of κ0 for a particle moving close to the beam axis ( r → 0 mm). The data are calculated for the Zeeman deceleration of nitrogen atoms in the 2D5/2, MJ = 5/2 state at vz = 500 m/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-longitudinal-phase-space-distributions-of-2sbay1wm.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Longitudinal phase-space distributions of N(2D5/2, MJ = 5/2) atoms inside the decelerator at different mean longitudinal accelerations āz that result from 3D trajectory simulations and from the phase-space model. To account for the different numbers of initial particles in the trajectory simulations, the results for deceleration and acceleration are normalized to the number of particles in the phase-space window at āz/āz,m = −0.6 and 0.6, respectively. Under these conditions, the number of unstable particles remaining in the phase-stable region is expected to be small (see text). The separatrices in longitudinal phase space, as obtained from the model, are shown in the results from trajectory simulations [green (light gray) solid curves] for comparison. The color scales are referenced to the (scaled) number of particles from the simulation and the transverse acceptance (in 10−2 m4/s2) from the model, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-density-plot-overall-phase-space-2ndwxlab.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Density plot: overall phase-space acceptance (in 10−2 m6/s3) for Zeeman deceleration or acceleration of N(2D5/2, MJ = 5/2). As in Figs. 5 and 6, the normalized mean longitudinal acceleration āz/āz,m along the beam axis is marked with green contour lines (near-vertical lines labeled with white boxes). Orange hatches (light near-horizontal lines at left- and right-hand sides): regions in which only particles with very high longitudinal velocities or large displacements with respect to the synchronous particle are phase stable. White crossed hatches: particle motion close to the synchronous particle is phase stable. Blue hatches (dark near-horizontal lines in the central region): regions in which phase stability is observed owing to a deceleration or acceleration pulse sequence which addresses particles in the same phase space as that for the same value of āz in a region marked with orange or white crossed hatches, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-density-plot-transverse-phase-space-33r7chht.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Density plot: transverse phase-space acceptance (in 10−2 m4/s2) for Zeeman deceleration or acceleration of N(2D5/2, MJ = 5/2). As in Fig., 5, the normalized mean longitudinal acceleration āz/āz,m along the beam axis is marked with green contour lines (near-vertical lines labeled with white boxes). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-a-trajectory-simulation-results-for-38ilu71j.png FIG. 16. (Color online) (a) Trajectory simulation results for Zeeman deceleration of N(2D5/2, MJ = 5/2) atoms in the accelerationdeceleration mode using |āz|/āz,m = 0.4, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9, as indicated in the legend. The particle numbers within the phase-space window (see Fig. 7), N , are plotted against the normalized effective mean acceleration āz,e/āz,m, where āz,e/āz,m = 0 corresponds to a velocity of 500 m/s. The solid lines are a guide to the eye only. The scaling of the trajectory data is the same as in Fig. 15. (b) and (c) Velocity distributions vz for |āz|/āz,m = 0.4 and 0.9 at different āz,e/āz,m, respectively. The line colors (shades) in (b) and (c) correspond to the colors (shades) of the circles in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-three-dimensional-magnetic-field-of-a-ajueg3ic.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Three-dimensional magnetic field of a solenoid coil for Zeeman deceleration at a current of 300 A (shaded surface). Mesh plots indicate the magnetic fields of neighboring coils. The magnetic fields of the individual coils are not added up vectorially. The coil specifications and positions are the same as in Dulitz et al. [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-longitudinal-phase-space-distributions-2bbcj9lg.png FIG. 11. (Color online) Longitudinal phase-space distributions for Zeeman (top) deceleration and (bottom) acceleration of N(2D5/2, MJ = 5/2) atoms. Results are obtained from particle-trajectory simulations using (left) an adaptive and (right) a constant switch-off position κ0. In the case of an adaptive κ0, a mean longitudinal acceleration of |āz|/āz,m = 0.7 is used. The values for κ0 are chosen such that the final velocities are the same in both modes of operation, i.e., κ0 = −0.1 for deceleration (from 800 to 410 m/s) and κ0 = 1.8 for acceleration (from 200 to 710 m/s). Normalization is the same as in Fig. 7, but the color scale is adjusted to increase the contrast. For comparison, longitudinal separatrices from the model are shown as solid green (light gray) curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-a-overall-phase-space-acceptance-v-1pjw5kvv.png FIG. 10. (Color online) (a) Overall phase-space acceptance V obtained from the phase-space model and (b) the number of transmitted particles N in the trajectory simulation (dots) vs the normalized mean longitudinal acceleration āz/āz,m. V is proportional to N since the trajectory simulation was carried out with uniform initial position and velocity distributions. Green (medium gray) traces and black traces in (a) correspond to the overall acceptance at vz = 200 and 800 m/s, respectively. The number of decelerated (accelerated) particles in (b) is derived from the number of particles in the phase-space windows shown in Fig. 9; the solid lines are a guide to the eye only. The number of accelerated particles [green (medium gray) dots] is upscaled for visibility. https://scispace.com/papers/model-free-head-pose-estimation-based-on-shape-factorisation-4y9cetgs3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-absolute-error-mae-and-standard-deviation-sd-of-3kke8jep.png Table 1. Mean absolute error (MAE) and standard deviation (SD) of the head yaw and pitch angles estimated by the proposed method and a KLT-based method alone to generate the feature trajectories, for different subjects in the HPEG dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ranges-of-head-rotation-yaw-and-pitch-angles-for-1f6as7pg.png Table 3. Ranges of head rotation yaw and pitch angles for different subjects in the HPEG Dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-absolute-error-mae-and-standard-deviation-sd-of-oig61cuj.png Table 2. Mean absolute error (MAE) and standard deviation (SD) of the head yaw and pitch angles estimated by a model-based method, for different subjects in the HPEG Dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-head-pose-estimation-results-obtained-through-our-uhce5j8o.png Fig. 2.Head pose estimation results obtained through our method (red) and via factorisation during tracking (green), in comparison to ground truth data (blue) for subject 8 in the HPEG Dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-head-pose-estimation-results-obtained-through-our-2fq1iw9d.png Fig. 1. Head pose estimation results obtained through our method (a-c), factorisation of the feature trajectories generated via a standard KLT feature tracker alone (d-f) and the geometric model-based method in [15] (g-i), for subject 8 in the HPEG Dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/model-migration-approach-for-database-preservation-1shn5zpoxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-migration-approach-for-database-preservation-1zgzzqws.png Fig. 1. Model Migration Approach for Database Preservation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dimensional-model-for-the-operational-system-3qjxarwh.png Fig. 3. Dimensional Model for the Operational System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relational-model-of-the-operational-system-2buugxiu.png Fig. 2. Relational Model of the Operational System https://scispace.com/papers/model-free-robot-anomaly-detection-2olokxhz9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-anomaly-alarms-in-percent-of-the-number-of-data-3uv2fng5.png TABLE II ANOMALY ALARMS IN PERCENT OF THE NUMBER OF DATA POINTS: POSITIVE MAP: a = 0.2, α = 0.05; NEGATIVE MAP: a = 0.2, b = 0.2, c = 0.99; SVM: C = 1, σ2 = 1 n https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-anomaly-sensitivity-of-the-different-rads-components-125v7lk6.png Fig. 4. Anomaly sensitivity of the different RADS components https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pca-reconstruction-error-on-training-data-vs-retained-1wmyaa3s.png Fig. 5. PCA reconstruction error on training data vs. retained dimensions. The reconstruction errors between 50 and 63 retained dimensions for the full state data and between 50 and 176 for the enhanced state data are very close to zero, and are cropped for better visibility of the changes in lower dimensions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-anomaly-detection-algorithms-in-the-light-of-9oeq8f6z.png TABLE I ANOMALY DETECTION ALGORITHMS IN THE LIGHT OF REQUIREMENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-anomaly-sensitivity-based-on-the-number-of-retained-3p3wbgmd.png Fig. 6. Anomaly sensitivity based on the number of retained dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-anomaly-alarms-from-hdrads-during-collision-trajectory-5j0wiir0.png Fig. 7. Anomaly alarms from HDRADS during collision trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-fulfilment-of-the-requirements-r-introduced-in-sec-1g7iud13.png TABLE III FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS (R) INTRODUCED IN SEC. II. 1=ROBUSTNESS AND TRADEOFF, 2=GENERALIZATION, 3=ADAPTABILITY, 4=COMPLEXITY, 5=INDEPENDENCE,6=PARAMETER MINIMIZATION, ++=FULL COMPLIANCE, +=GOOD, 0=SATISFACTORY, −=UNSATISFACTORY, −−=DEFICIENT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ns-update-example-any-of-the-small-blue-dots-3axxgyjp.png Fig. 1. NS Update Example: any of the small blue dots, representing new data, caused the large, pale detector in the back to turn invalid. Two exemplary replacements (bright orange) have been inserted. The radius of the smaller one is defined by the minimum distance to the training data, the larger is bound by size of the old detector. The two green potential detector centers have been discarded. One is outside of the bounding hull, one is too close to the hull. More replacement detectors have to be generated until the detector is sufficiently covered. https://scispace.com/papers/model-selection-in-online-learning-for-times-series-3ne1facxwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-online-gradient-descent-2nla5hu6.png Fig. 2. Online Gradient Descent https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-theoretical-guarantee-aa-arma-ogd-plot-a-is-zoomed-1rira2jh.png Fig. 4. Theoretical guarantee AA+ARMA-OGD. Plot A is zoomed plot C and both refer to the minimum temperature time series. Similarly, B is zoomed D and refers to the maximum temperature time series. The dotted red lines in plot A and B refer to AA+ARMA-OGD guarantee. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-minimum-and-maximum-temperature-time-series-1pv0h1ir.png Fig. 3. Minimum and maximum temperature time-series https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-g-2-1-g-2-curve-where-g-1-1-2lr9j1v5.png Fig. 1. ((−1− γ)2, (1− γ)2) curve where γ ∈ [−1, 1]. https://scispace.com/papers/modeled-differences-of-coral-life-history-traits-influence-3ao5no8m6h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probability-of-larval-reseeding-to-fgb-and-3lb2xfz6.png Table 1: Probability of larval reseeding to FGB and probability of larval export to other 145 reefs. Proportion calculated as number of particles within area/total particles for set PLD 146 (short: 3-20 days; long: 20-120 days). 147 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-size-frequency-data-of-orbicella-franksi-and-1pms3mxy.png Figure 1: Size frequency data of Orbicella franksi and Pseudodiploria strigosa from the 59 Flower Garden Banks (FGB) in 2012. A. Locations of surveys conducted at East FGB 60 (mooring buoy 2) and West FGB (mooring buoy 2) (black dots). B. Size-frequency 61 distributions for P. strigosa and O. franksi for both the East and West FGB resulting from 62 transects performed in August 2012 with photo insets of each species. 63 64 https://scispace.com/papers/model-selection-prediction-for-the-mixture-of-gaussian-354zwdfgew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-covariance-parameters-for-the-simulated-data-2kykyypq.png Table 1. The covariance parameters for the simulated data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-histogram-of-k-for-1000-iterations-28h9672z.png Fig. 4. The histogram of K for 1000 iterations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-trace-of-k-for-1000-iterations-116ysdnq.png Fig. 3. The trace of K for 1000 iterations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-simulated-dataset-the-x-axis-is-x1-and-y-axis-is-y-39k9dzkc.png Fig. 1. The simulated dataset. The x-axis is x1 and y-axis is y. Each 3 curves in one panel are trajectories of the same Gaussian process with common parameters of mean functions and covariance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-trace-of-log-likelihood-for-1000-iterations-3h5zue8c.png Fig. 2. The trace of log likelihood for 1000 iterations https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-a-horizontal-wiggler-in-an-electron-storage-ring-5cvpeodmnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-3bg3yv9i.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrates-coordinate-nomenclature-here-x-z-are-al9k7hbf.png Fig. 1 Illustrates coordinate nomenclature. Here X,Z are rectangular coordinates in the midplane, s Is the distance along the design orbit, x is the horizontal coordinate normal to s, and Y(Z)= y(s) is the vertical coordinate. The fields are assumed to have midplane https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-analysis-of-secondary-sources-coupling-for-366cpq52x7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-parameters-2xejt3eh.png Table 1: List of parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-magnitude-and-phase-of-optimal-excitation-2lhn86i1.png Figure 5. The magnitude and phase of optimal excitation signal of S3 (top) and S4 (bottom) in terms of S1 speaker position at two resonant frequencies of the enclosure, i.e. 85Hz and 170Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-magnitudes-of-the-first-and-second-parts-of-58-at-3ll72os6.png Figure 8. Magnitudes of the first and second parts of (58) at 85Hz, 170Hz, 120Hz, and 300Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-maximum-singular-value-of-the-coupling-matrix-cz-at-2kfnzrdn.png Figure 9. Maximum singular value of the coupling matrix cZ at 85Hz, 170Hz, 120Hz, 300Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-magnitudes-of-the-first-and-second-parts-of-2v6p6nl7.png Figure 12. Magnitudes of the first and second parts of equation (60) as a function of frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-maximum-singular-value-of-the-coupling-matrix-cz-2yzcahg1.png Figure 13. Maximum singular value of the coupling matrix cZ as a function of frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-performance-of-asc-system-when-s1-moves-towards-3o1vg6uk.png Figure 3. The performance of ASC system when S1 moves towards Sp at different resonant and nonresonant frequencies in Fig. 2(a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-magnitude-and-phase-of-optimal-excitation-23mgo6gf.png Figure 7. The magnitude and phase of optimal excitation signal of S3 (top) and S4 (bottom) in terms of S1 speaker position at two non-resonant frequencies of the enclosure, i.e. 120Hz and 300Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-analysis-of-sector-clock-bias-mismatch-for-28neuw3bjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sop-bts-environment-and-experimental-hardware-setup-5i8p35nt.png Fig. 8. SOP BTS environment and experimental hardware setup. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-surface-plot-of-log-p-x-y-as-a-function-of-ns-and-k-yzf7vhrp.png Fig. 7. (a) Surface plot of log ∣ ∣P ⋆ x,y ∣ ∣ as a function of Ns and k. (b) Plots of log |Px,y| for 500 MC simulations along with the theoretical lower bound log ∣ ∣P ⋆ x,y ∣ ∣. Simulation parameters: N = 12, σ2η = 4 m 2, and λ = 13 ns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-navigators-true-and-estimated-trajectories-clok87sx.png Fig. 9. Navigator’s true and estimated trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mapper-and-navigator-in-a-cellular-environment-23055jnn.png Fig. 1. Mapper and navigator in a cellular environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-cellular-cdma-receiver-placed-at-the-border-of-two-evig7yu5.png Fig. 2. (a) A cellular CDMA receiver placed at the border of two sectors of a BTS cell, making pseudorange observations on both sector antennas simultaneously. The receiver has knowledge of its own states and has knowledge of the BTS position states. (b) Observed BTS clock bias corresponding to two different sectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-a-acf-and-b-psd-of-ei-with-a-sampling-frequency-of-1tcq6wl1.png Fig. 4. The (a) acf and (b) psd of ei with a sampling frequency of 5 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-z-from-experimental-data-and-the-1qgunhje.png Fig. 5. Distribution of ζ from experimental data and the estimated Laplace pdf via MLE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-a-realization-of-the-discrepancy-oi-between-the-3ht4szl5.png Fig. 3. (a) A realization of the discrepancy ǫi between the observed clock biases of two BTS sectors and (b) the corresponding residual ζ . https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-cohesiveness-analysis-of-midge-swarms-2y8k4dswq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-midge-swarm-simulation-plots-of-x-k-v-k-and-standard-1b7atz5g.png Fig. 2.— Midge swarm simulation, plots of x̄(k), v̄(k), and standard deviations of position trajectories in each dimension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-acceleration-distributions-for-the-x-direction-as-a-1m6ldood.png Fig. 6.— Acceleration distributions for the x direction as a function of normalized x component of ep. The vertical line represents zero on the horizontal axis. The boxplot is explained in the caption of Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-of-midge-position-trajectories-shown-in-x-y-2oi3xjy7.png Fig. 1.— Simulation of midge position trajectories (shown in (x, y)-plane). The “×” marks starting points of the trajectories, and the dots represent the midges at the end of the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-velocity-distributions-for-the-x-direction-as-a-q22fhzdh.png Fig. 5.— Velocity distributions for the x direction as a function of normalized x component of ep. The vertical line represents zero on the horizontal axis. For the boxplots, the middle line in each box is the median value, boxes with notches that do not overlap represent that the medians of the two groups differ at the 5% significance level, the edges of the boxes are the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers (dashed lines) represent 1.5 times the interquartile range, and outliers are designated with a “+”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-speed-distribution-for-the-2-dimensional-case-bar-plot-j4otnoi9.png Fig. 4.— Speed distribution for the 2-dimensional case (bar plot) along with a 2-dimensional Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution 0.012v exp (−v2/800) (line plot) where v is the speed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distributions-of-normalized-components-of-ep-and-ev-7hd16cwy.png Fig. 3.— Distributions of normalized components of ep and ev. The normalization factors are σx, σy, and σz, the standard deviations of the appropriate component of x i over i at each k. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-control-of-formations-of-nonholonomic-mobile-3vgx71xgee 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-formation-of-robots-changing-shapes-3vg0q3vf.png Fig. 1. Formation of robots changing shapes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-formation-change-for-six-robots-in-the-presence-of-31astnni.png Fig. 8. Formation change for six robots in the presence of sensory noise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-initial-and-final-control-graph-for-example-2-1o59luyc.png Fig. 7. Initial and final control graph for Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-enumeration-of-transitions-in-control-laws-for-robotr-334cqf2w.png Fig. 4. Enumeration of transitions in control laws for robotR . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-formations-1hrq62gd.png Fig. 3. Examples of formations. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-simulating-the-growth-of-ellipsoidal-droplets-4lj4x9p1fm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermal-resistances-for-heat-transfer-through-a-a-v1ptn0ww.png Figure 4: Thermal resistances for heat transfer through (A) a droplet on a flat substrate, (B) a Wenzel droplet on a pillared substrate and (C) a Cassie droplet on a pillared substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-surfaces-characterization-1eji7ba8.png Table 1: Surfaces characterization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-percentage-of-surface-coverage-at-steady-state-for-3czvxe6a.png Figure 19: percentage of surface coverage at steady state for each substrate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-errors-of-the-3mth0dht.png Table 4: The mean and standard deviation of errors of the model for different configurations of pillars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-illustration-of-6-pillared-surfaces-after-1800s-2c68wsx2.png Figure 15: Illustration of 6 pillared surfaces after 1800s. The size of the substrate at each image is 3.3mm× 2.7mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-difference-between-approaching-two-spherical-2galhlm9.png Figure 5: (A) The difference between approaching two spherical droplets v.s two ellipsoidal droplets, (B) intersection of two touching ellipsoidal droplets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparison-between-growth-rate-of-experimental-and-23i0fzy2.png Figure 16: Comparison between growth rate of experimental and simulation droplets on 6 different pillared surfaces. The conditions of experimental procedure are: relative humidity of about 40%, air temperature of 303 K, and substrate temperature of 281 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-the-shape-of-small-and-big-1nu86u50.png Figure 6: Comparison between the shape of small and big droplets. Small droplets tend to form more ellipsoidal shape due to adhesion with surface texturing, while big droplets present more spherical shape in order to occupy less surface. The size of the substrate is 3.3mm× 2.7mm. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-simulation-of-ac-railway-electric-supply-lines-3w892ekqyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulation-model-using-two-cell-trunks-and-2u24tb66.png Figure 7. Simulation model using two cell trunks and equivalent conductors CW+ and R+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-currents-rms-as-a-function-of-train-position-when-26nak4kt.png Figure 8 Currents (RMS) as a function of train position when using 1, or 8 cascaded PI for each of the two cell trunks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sum-of-the-three-return-conductor-currents-ra-rb-2veodtx7.png Figure 10. Sum of the three return conductor currents (Ra, Rb, , RW) as a function of the distributed conductance g. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-rail-voltages-rms-as-computed-with-different-2zxsabwk.png Figure 9. Rail voltages (RMS) as computed with different numbers of PI models (g=1S/km). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-physical-line-example-lcz2uyta.png Figure 1. A physical line example. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-conductor-names-and-symbols-nm8eyar6.png Table I. Conductor names and symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-specific-two-port-structure-of-a-mtl-3ou1n31t.png Figure 3. Specific two-port structure of a MTL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-linear-multi-conductor-transmission-line-mtl-can-3gwuvtkm.png Figure. 2. A linear multi-conductor transmission line (MTL) can be modelled as a two-port component. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-synthesis-of-hardware-software-morphing-lstbt98wm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-task-control-fsm-r-a-and-the-derived-mfsm-2cjwzpv8.png Fig. 2. Example of a task control FSM R (a) and the derived MFSM (b). A morph process starts from the morph point idle (gray shaded) upon a morph request (m = 1). Then the state is translated into the entire other domain (HW or SW) inside the morph state idle’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-test-system-allowing-hardware-software-morphing-of-a-2fww9h4e.png Fig. 3. Test system allowing hardware-software morphing of a task with all possible input and output interface permutations (HW and SW). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-two-communicating-actor-based-tasks-15ruhitv.png Fig. 1. Example of two communicating actor based tasks. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-throughput-analysis-for-smac-with-a-finite-5187ra9oxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sleep-awake-cycles-of-smac-3umjvaur.png Fig. 1. Sleep-awake cycles of SMAC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notations-hjo9eq68.png TABLE I. NOTATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-d-markov-model-for-smac-without-retransmissions-yf3ee733.png Fig. 2. 1-D Markov model for SMAC without retransmissions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-d-markov-model-for-smac-with-retransmissions-qjapapp-hx35y701.png Fig. 3. 2-D Markov model for SMAC with retransmissions. QjApApP jQjQsQj ..1,)1(1),0(),0( =⋅−+⋅= −≥+−≥>− (10) 0)1,0(),0( ApP sjj ⋅=−>− , Qj ..1= (11) 1..,1..1,..1,)1(),(),( −=−==⋅−= −>− QjkQjRiApP jkkiji (12) jQQiji ApP −≥>− ⋅−= )1(),(),( , Qj ..1= (13) Next, we examine the transitions from one retransmission stage to the adjacent higher stage. These transitions correspond to the event that a node has an RTS collision. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-d-markov-model-for-smac-without-retransmissions-1qq2zqhd.png Fig. 4. 1-D Markov model for SMAC without retransmissions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-d-markov-model-for-smac-with-1-retransmission-3ohg7823.png Fig. 5. 2-D Markov model for SMAC with 1 retransmission. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-and-validation-of-off-road-vehicle-ride-dynamics-4xdgnu7g4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-roughness-profile-with-that-1wksuh18.png Fig. 6: Comparison of the roughness profile with that estimated from model proposed by Hac [38]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-coherence-values-obtained-from-eq-33-1eqvbio8.png Fig. 7: Comparison of the coherence values obtained from Eq. (33) with that approximated by fractional system function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flowchart-of-the-proposed-method-to-find-the-time-351vd65e.png Fig. 8: Flowchart of the proposed method to find the time series of two tracks profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-histories-of-roughness-of-the-a-left-track-and-b-2ji8drot.png Fig. 9: Time histories of roughness of the (a) left track; and (b) right track (U=5km/h). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-influence-of-variations-in-the-torsio-elastic-108nn276.png Table 4: Influence of variations in the torsio-elastic suspension stiffness and damping properties on the weighted and unweighted rms acceleration responses of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influence-of-vehicle-load-on-the-weighted-and-kttywwe2.png Table 5: Influence of vehicle load on the weighted and unweighted rms acceleration responses of the unsuspended and suspended vehicle models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparisons-of-acceleration-psd-responses-of-the-3ot1orau.png Fig. 13: Comparisons of acceleration PSD responses of the suspended vehicle model with those of the measured data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adaptive-foot-print-radial-tire-model-2ppxup4t.png Fig. 1: Adaptive foot-print radial tire model. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-cyclist-acceleration-process-for-bicycle-traffic-3ftfxo3bvn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-results-of-all-acceleration-models-with-15hxgcka.png Table 1: Estimation results of all acceleration models with the random term assumed to follow Laplace distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-some-characteristics-of-cyclists-acceleration-2jwobc4e.png Figure 5: Some characteristics of cyclists’ acceleration behavior. (a) Distribution of the variance in speed (∆V); (b) Distribution of the maximum acceleration amax; (c) The linear relationship between transformed ∆V and amax; (d) Distribution of the acceleration time ta. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-acceleration-and-speed-profiles-for-152510y7.png Figure 8: Comparison of acceleration and speed profiles for model 3 with different assumptions of the random term. (a) An example of the acceleration case; (b) An example of the deceleration case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-digitalized-bicycle-road-network-in-stockholm-u2wh2jwd.png Figure 2: The digitalized bicycle road network in Stockholm(upper) and example trips for data collection (lower). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-examples-of-the-residual-distributions-with-normal-1uyes0d3.png Figure 6: Examples of the residual distributions with normal and Laplace distribution fits for model 3 of the acceleration case. (a) The residual results given that the random term is assumed to follow normal distribution; (b)The residual results given that the random term is assumed to follow Laplace distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-an-illustration-of-the-model-validation-with-the-66vvrb77.png Figure 7: An illustration of the model validation with the random term assumed to follow normal distribution. (a) Comparison of acceleration and speed profiles for different models for the acceleration case; (b) Comparison of acceleration and speed profiles for different models for the deceleration case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-of-all-acceleration-models-with-3jukdh9m.png Table 2: Estimation results of all acceleration models with the random term assumed to follow normal distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-trajectory-estimated-from-gps-coordinate-1d7jdtk6.png Figure 3: The trajectory estimated from GPS coordinate measurement using KF(upper) and the measured and estimated speed profiles (lower). https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-cortical-spreading-depression-induced-by-the-54tgkkgm6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-firing-frequency-of-the-interneuron-and-the-1cqakvnk.png Figure 3: The firing frequency of the interneuron and the potassium efflux that it generates are parameters that can generate different spiking patterns of the pyramidal cell. The panels show the membrane voltage traces of the pyramidal cell with Je = 4 in different conditions. Panel (a) shows the activity of the pyramidal cell in the absence of the coupling to the interneuron i.e. gGABA = γi = 0. Panel (b) shows the activity of the pyramidal cell with JI = 0.6, which corresponds to the interneuron firing at about 40 Hz. Panel (c) shows hyperexcitability of the pyramidal cell yet no CSD when JI is set to 1, which corresponds to the interneuron firing at about 60 Hz. Panels (d)-(f) show the zooms of the voltages traces of panels (a), (b) and (c), respectively, in the period 17.5 to 22.5s after the beginning of the simulation, in which, for the parameter setting JI = 1, the firing frequency of the pyramidal cell exceeds its firing frequency observed in the absence of the coupling to the interneuron. The bargraphs indicating the number of spikes in 1s are shown directly below. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-persistent-sodium-current-inap-facilitates-csd-282k90fk.png Figure 6: The persistent sodium current (INap) facilitates CSD ignition and prolongs the depolarization. Increasing INap by setting gNap = 2 has the effect of accelerating CSD and also produces a prolonged depolarization. Panel (a) shows hyperexcitability but no CSD for gNap = 0.5, JE = 3.9, with gAMPA1 = gAMPA2 = 0.1, γi = 0.75 and gGABA = 0.25. Panel (b) shows the corresponding potassium and chloride dynamics. Increasing gNap to 2 (panel c) results in CSD. Note that latency to spiking in panels (a) and (c) is the same (about 7s). The length of the depolarizing block is about 13s, approximately as in the case of Figure 4(a2) (JE = 4, INap = 0.5). Panel (d) shows the corresponding potassium and chloride dynamics, with the potassium peak higher than in the case of Figure 4(b2) (JE = 4, INap = 0.5), reaching 40mM , as opposed to 35mM . The latency to spiking is approximately 7s in both cases (INap activates close to the spiking threshold), but in the case of gNap = 2 the extracellular potassium rises faster, leading to CSD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inhibitory-effect-of-the-interneuron-spiking-at-1pxj99za.png Figure 2: Inhibitory effect of the interneuron spiking at moderate frequency. When the interneuron is set to fire at about 40Hz (Ji = 0.6), it exerts an inhibitory action on the firing of the pyramidal cell. Panel (a) shows, in the top left corner the first 5s of the firing of the pyramidal cell (driven by Je = 4) in the absence of the coupling to the interneuron (gGABA = γi = 0). The bar graph immediately below shows the number of spikes in 1s time intervals. The right half of panel (a) shows the corresponding information when γi = 0.75 and gGABA = 0.25. Panel (b) shows the same information for the period 5-10s. Panel (c) shows the same information for the period 10-15 s. When the coupling to the interneuron is active, the spiking of the pyramidal cell shows the largest reduction in the first 5 seconds, it remains slower than in the absence of inhibition during the first 15s, and it does not exceed the firing frequency observed in the absence of inhibition even in later time windows (not shown in the figure). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gabaergic-transmission-delays-csd-whereas-potassium-2im1exfu.png Figure 5: GABAergic transmission delays CSD, whereas potassium build-up and glutamatergic transmission promote CSD. Panel (a) shows CSD for JE = 3.4, with gAMPA1 = gAMPA2 = 0.1, γi = 0.75 and gGABA = 0 (block of GABAergic transmission); the depolarized block lasts approximately 13s. Panel (b) shows hyperexcitability but no CSD when gAMPA1 and gAMPA2 are set to 0 (block of glutamatergic transmission). Panel (c) shows CSD for JE = 3.7, with gAMPA1 = gAMPA2 = 0 (block of glutamatergic transmission), γi = 0.75 and gGABA = 0 (block of GABAergic transmission); the depolarized block lasts approximately 13s. Panel (d) shows hyperexcitability but no CSD for JE = 3.7, with gAMPA1 = gAMPA2 = 0.1, γi = 0.75 and gGABA = 0.25; the latency to spiking is approximately 10s. Panel (e) shows CSD for JE =, with gAMPA1 = gAMPA2 = 0.1, γi = 0.75 and gGABA = 0.25; the latency to spiking is approximately 7s. Panel (f) shows hyperexcitability but no CSD for JE = 4 when gAMPA1 and gAMPA2 are set to 0; the latency to spiking is approximately 7s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-slow-spiking-of-the-pyramidal-neuron-can-turn-to-7fube0xv.png Figure 4: Slow spiking of the pyramidal neuron can turn to spreading depression due to intense interneuron firing that induces extracellular potassium build-up. Panel (a1) shows tonic spiking of the pyramidal cell induced by the excitatory drive JE = 4 when there is no coupling with the interneuron (gGABA = 0 and γi = 0) with the evolution of the extracellular potassium concentration ([K]o) and of the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl]i) shown in panel (b1). The value of [Cl]i stays almost constant, close to 5mM. Panel (a2) shows the depolarized block of the pyramidal neuron (CSD) when gGABA = 0.25 and γi = 0.75 (JI = 1.2, corresponding to the interneuron firing at approximately 80 Hz). Panel (b2) shows the evolution of [K]o and [Cl]i for the same simulation. Note a sharp rise in [K]o from about 10mM to about 35mM, concurrent with the onset of spreading depression, and a slower increase of [Cl]i to about 15mM. The solutions in both simulations have the same initial condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-model-the-model-implements-a-pair-of-1pje3z1l.png Figure 1: Diagram of the model. The model implements a pair of interconnected neurons, a pyramidal glutamatergic neuron (excitatory, E) and a GABAergic interneuron (inhibitory, I). The interaction between the two cells consists of a GABAergic synapse (IGABA) from the interneuron onto the pyramidal cell, a glutamatergic synapse from the pyramidal cell onto the interneuron (AMPA1), and a glutamatergic autapse (excitatory self coupling from the pyramidal cell to itself, AMPA2), in order to take into account the role of a glutamatergic input on the pyramidal cell. It includes the action of the KCC2 and of the NKCC1 co-transporters in the pyramidal cell and the extracellular diffusion of potassium (for taking into account the diffusion in the extracellular space and spatial buffering by glia). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-transitions-to-and-from-csd-as-dynamic-bifurcations-db5qp8ai.png Figure 7: Transitions to and from CSD as dynamic bifurcations. The figures represent zooms of Fig. 4 (a2) and Fig. 4 (b2) corresponding to different time intervals (JE = 4, gGABA = 0.25, γi = 0.75, gAMPA1 = gAMPA2 = 0.1 and JI = 1.2). Panel (a) shows the time trace of the membrane potential of the pyramidal cell (Ve) directly before and during CSD. Note that the average of Ve is almost constant in the initial 2 seconds and grows quickly to a different level in the subsequent 2 seconds. Panel (b) shows a similar phenomenon for [K]o. Panel (c) shows a transition that ends CSD, with the average of Ve sharply dropping. Panel (d) shows that [K]o changes uniformly during the transition ending CSD. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-electrocardiogram-using-yule-walker-equations-and-2uw5xxw4p4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-kernel-ar-model-concept-for-which-2ote0jnx.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the Kernel AR model concept, for which, the data are mapped from X to H, where the linear AR concept is applied on the mapped data. However, once ψi is evaluated, a mapping back from H to X is needed to interpret xi. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-hydraulic-properties-of-sandy-soils-of-niger-using-3ipkds3ibd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-unsaturated-hydraulic-conductivity-curves-estimated-by-3lnjkkhk.png Fig. 3. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves estimated by the van Genuchten, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimation-of-moisture-retention-curves-by-van-2vakgdom.png Fig. 2. Estimation of moisture retention curves by van Genuchten and Campbell models compared with measured values of the soil profile at Bagoua. Suction units are kPa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-unsaturated-hydraulic-conductivity-curves-estimated-by-2cbqmvt9.png Fig. 4. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves estimated by the van Genuchten, Campbell, and Vauclin models and compared with the Klaij and Vachaud field method for the 1.4 m soil depth at Bagoua. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity units are mm d−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-size-and-bulk-density-data-at-banizoumbou-208k8h8e.png Table 1 Particle size and bulk density data at Banizoumbou https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-input-parameters-for-moisture-retention-curves-for-kmfmv89p.png Table 4 Input parameters for moisture retention curves for Bagoua https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-input-parameters-for-moisture-retention-curves-for-nfc6ofsy.png Table 3 Input parameters for moisture retention curves for Banizoumbou https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-estimation-of-moisture-retention-curves-by-van-2q8d0yzv.png Fig. 1. Estimation of moisture retention curves by van Genuchten and Campbell models compared with measured values of the soil profile at Banizoumbou. Suction units are kPa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-input-parameters-for-unsaturated-hydraulic-24emai9f.png Table 5 Input parameters for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 1.4 m soil depth for Banizoumbou and Bagoua https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-of-and-reasoning-with-recurrent-events-with-4f5zqlfvds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-algorithm-of-firing-a-single-transition-in-a-1xgtey1e.png Fig. 8. Algorithm of firing a single transition in a possibilistic timed Petri net. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-petri-net-graph-d5p9qo0o.png Fig. 1. Petri net graph https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-automated-manufacturing-cell-and-the-corresponding-wwf39eq6.png Fig. 2. An automated manufacturing cell and the corresponding Petri net graph. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numeric-data-for-experiment-1-1pbnltjd.png Table 1. Numeric data for Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-utilization-of-the-machines-and-robot-in-experiment-3-2ajir8ig.png Fig. 14. Utilization of the machines and robot in Experiment 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-throughput-of-the-machines-robot-and-the-entire-cell-1ya5kwmh.png Fig. 13. Throughput of the machines, robot, and the entire cell in Experiment 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-numeric-data-for-experiment-2-rzsv0ke4.png Table 2. Numeric data for Experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-utilization-of-the-machines-and-robot-in-experiment-1-pgq74m8e.png Fig. 10. Utilization of the machines and robot in Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-natural-environmental-gradients-improves-the-2ziq5hq26e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-probability-p-values-associated-with-u-tests-to-3ko6fwzl.png TABLE 3. Probability (p) values associated with U-tests to determine the ability of metrics to discriminate between 69 reference-calibration (RC) and 100 test-calibration (TC) sites. Raw (unadjusted) metrics were adjusted to remove the effects of natural environmental gradients using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models. See text for details. NA ¼ natural gradients were not associated with metric values, U ¼ unadjusted metric discriminated between RC and TC sites but adjusted metric did not, A¼ adjusted metric discriminated between RC and TC sites but unadjusted metric did not, B ¼ both unadjusted and adjusted metrics discriminated between RC and TC sites, N ¼ neither unadjusted nor adjusted metrics discriminated between RC and TC sites. See Appendix for full descriptions of metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-classification-and-regression-tree-3kuwkrpk.png TABLE 2. Summary of the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models used to associate variation in biotic metrics with natural environmental features (predictors). Number of nodes and number of variables are measures of the complexity of the models. Pseudo-R2 values measure the strength of the association between the metric and the predictors. Metric descriptions and abbreviations are in the Appendix. See Table 1 for explanation of predictor abbreviations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-histogram-showing-the-number-of-37ikbzoi.png FIG. 3. Frequency histogram showing the number of Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models for which different environmental variables were selected as predictors. Full descriptions and explanations of abbreviations for predictors are shown in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-a-classification-and-regression-tree-cart-3a28gqc1.png FIG. 2. Example of a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model for the metric HIGH-O2-I (% individuals requiring 100% O2 saturation). CART models form prediction trees using binary splits to separate samples into bins that best partition the total variation among samples. In this example, the first split occurred at the value of the predictor variable (mean annual precipitation [PRECIP] ¼ 720 mm) that most efficiently partitioned overall variation of the HIGH-O2-I into 2 groups. If PRECIP at a site was ,720 mm, the site was predicted into the group on the left, otherwise into the group on the right. The group on the left was further split at the value of the predictor variable (mean maximum monthly temperature [TMAX] ,12.48C) that partitioned the samples into 2 smaller groups in the same manner. A single metric value (at the bottom) is predicted for all samples within each final group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-frequency-distributions-of-values-for-the-4-1xtiqj9o.png FIG. 5. Frequency distributions of values for the 4 multimetric indices (MMI) at 125 test sites. MMIs were calculated using 2 scaling methods (A and B), before and after adjusting metric values for the effect of natural environmental gradients using a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model. A.—Unadjusted values calculated using scaling method A. B.—Adjusted values calculated using scaling method A. C.—Unadjusted values using calculated scaling method B. D.—Adjusted values calculated using scaling method B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-locations-of-88-reference-sites-white-circles-and-125-16nxminq.png FIG. 1. Locations of 88 reference sites (white circles) and 125 test sites (crosses) in Idaho. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-precision-coefficient-of-variation-cv-and-apparent-jdbcbhkf.png TABLE 4. Precision (coefficient of variation [CV]) and apparent responsiveness (% of test sites considered impaired) of 4 multimetric indices (MMI; based on unadjusted or adjusted metrics and scaling method A or B) and an observed/expected (O/E) measure of taxonomic completeness with probability capture ¼ 0.50 (O/E50). Unadjusted metrics were adjusted to remove the effects of natural environmental gradients using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models. Apparent responsiveness was measured for 3 statistical threshold values that were derived from the distribution of reference-site values. RC¼ reference sites used for model calibration, RV¼reference sites used for model validation, TC¼ test sites used for model calibration, TV¼ test sites used for model validation. RV samples were not used to validate the RIVPACS-type model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-box-and-whisker-plots-of-values-of-the-metric-high-o2-2qlxerxb.png FIG. 4. Box-and-whisker plots of values of the metric HIGH-O2-I (% individuals requiring 100% O2 saturation) at reference (reference calibration [RC], reference validation [RV]) and test (test calibration [TC], test validation [TV]) sites. Dotted lines show the distributions of values for the unadjusted metric, and solid lines show values for the metric after adjusting them for the effect of natural environmental gradients using a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model. Boxes encompass the interquartiles (25th–75th percentiles), small bars are means, stars are outliers, and range bars show the maximum and minimum values excluding outliers. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-of-chaotic-processes-by-means-of-antisymmetric-2wx67drafe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-new-strange-attractors-in-system-20-a1-g-3-5714-d-3-1v960fxz.png Fig. 5. New strange attractors in system (20): (a1) γ = 3.5714, δ = 3 and (a2) γ = 4.1428, δ = 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-types-of-homoclinic-orbits-in-system-21-at-ph-5-a1-1rtid4hi.png Fig. 2. Two types of homoclinic orbits in system (21) at φ = 5 (a1) and φ = −5 (a2). The homoclinic orbit resulting from the transformation (at ‖x0‖ → 0): (a1) one periodic trajectory and its self-intersection at point 0; (a2) two different periodic trajectories lying to the left and right of the vertical axis and their merging at point 0. The point 0 is saddle; the eigenvalues of the Jacobi matrix at the point 0 are ±1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phase-portraits-of-system-32-a1-and-33-a2-q9rl1f3y.png Fig. 6. Phase portraits of system (32)(a1) and (33)(a2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-phase-portraits-of-system-34-a1-and-35-a2-1xoasb0e.png Fig. 7. Phase portraits of system (34)(a1) and (35)(a2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-phase-portraits-of-system-27-a1-36-a2-and-36-37-a3-dpwkyeki.png Fig. 8. Phase portraits of system (27)(a1), (36)(a2), and [(36)+(37)](a3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-phase-portraits-of-system-38-a1-system-36-at-deg-h-v-2-3l1p4hdb.png Fig. 9. Phase portraits of system (38)(a1), system (36) at deg h(v) = 2 (a2), and system (36) at deg h(v) = 1.7 (a3) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trajectories-of-the-system-x-y-z-b1-r1-y-x-z-b2-r2-z-x-1m5nri8r.png Fig. 1. Trajectories of the system ẋ = (−y − z + b1)r1 , ẏ = (x− z + b2)r2 , ż = (x+ y + b3)r3 : (a1) r1 = (1.5 ∨ 1.5), r2 = (2.5 ∨ 2.5), r3 = (2 ∨ 2), and b1 = b2 = b3 = 0; (a2) r1 = (1.5 ∨ 1.5), r2 = (2.5 ∨ 2.5), r3 = (2 ∨ 2), and b1 = 1, b2 = b3 = 0; (a3) r1 = (1.5 ∨ 2.5), r2 = (2.5 ∨ 2.5), r3 = (2 ∨ 2), and b1 = b2 = b3 = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-birth-of-homoclinic-chaos-in-system-23-depending-3uez9yxm.png Fig. 3. The birth of homoclinic chaos in system (23), depending on the change in parameter ψ: (a1) ψ = −0.5; (a2) ψ = −1; (a3) ψ = −3. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-nonlinear-relationships-in-erp-data-using-mixed-1qdhrw7b8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-behavioral-analysis-2wpg7jk1.png Table 1. Results of the Behavioral Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scalp-topography-at-time-t-141-ms-where-the-n1a-was-3eedaje6.png Figure 2. Scalp topography at time t = 141 ms where the N1a was maximal. Lighter shades of gray indicate negative amplitudes (blue colors in online version) while darker shades of gray indicate positive amplitudes (red colors in online version). In online version, green indicates an amplitude of 0 μV. The bottom panel shows the average waveform of each of the 32 electrodes overlaid on top of each other (each electrodes is graphed with a different color). The x axis represents time in milliseconds and the y axis is amplitude in μV. A vertical black bar marks the peak of the N1a component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-n1a-amplitude-averages-as-a-function-of-each-one-of-16kuukbd.png Figure 7. N1a amplitude averages as a function of each one of the predictor variables, treated as continuous (in contrast with the discretized forms of these variables shown in Figure 4). The black circles are the mean amplitude at each measured level of each variable. The black lines are LOWESS smooths of the averages (red lines in online version). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-assuming-linearity-left-column-versus-not-assuming-3n0rcx7n.png Figure 1. Assuming linearity (left column) versus not assuming linearity (right column). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-the-behavioral-analysis-a-effect-of-the-29sosiky.png Figure 3. Results of the behavioral analysis. A: Effect of the Position × Length interaction on the probability of correctly recalling a four-word sequence. B: Effect of the Position × WMC interaction. Bluer colors reflect smaller probabilities of correctly recalling a sequence whereas redder ones indicate higher probabilities. The numbers appearing on the contour lines are recall probabilities. Regions shaded in white included a probability of correct recall of 0 in their 95% CI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-model-for-which-linearity-was-not-assumed-pwr4ixb6.png Table 3. Model for Which Linearity Was Not Assumed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-results-of-the-erp-analysis-assuming-linearity-a-x-29wi9qw7.png Figure 6. Results of the ERP analysis assuming linearity. A: x axis is position and y axis is amplitude (μV). The broken lines are 95% CIs. B: x axis is length and y axis is WMC. The amplitude of the N1a is shown using the same color coding as in Figure 2. The scale is provided at the bottom of the figure. The small numbers on the black lines are isovoltage lines with the voltage in microvolts provided. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-four-way-interaction-position-x-length-x-wmc-x-37y6e540.png Figure 9. Four-way interaction Position × Length × WMC × Probability of Correct Recall. Each panel shows the WMC × Position model predicted N1a amplitudes for one of five lengths (columns) and probability of recall values (rows). In each panel, the x and y axes are WMC and position, respectively. Lngth = length; PrRec = probability of recall. Details are as for Figure 8. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-of-complex-systems-ii-a-minimalist-and-unified-3tvww11vs9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-system-36hb45lf.png Figure 2: A system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-feedback-of-a-system-38ool38b.png Figure 5: Feedback of a system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-transfer-function-3gw4i4vu.png Figure 1: A transfer function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-composition-of-systems-1bai2n3f.png Figure 3: Composition of systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-product-of-systems-2bhftevd.png Figure 4: Product of systems https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-of-electric-power-supply-chain-networks-with-fuel-51dgfgwohv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-the-electric-power-supply-chain-37bas2c3.png Figure 1: The Structure of the Electric Power Supply Chain Network with Fuel Suppliers https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-of-random-anisotropic-elastic-media-and-impact-on-h9ryaj3ago 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolution-downward-of-wavefronts-on-the-free-33umxl4e.png Figure 5. Time evolution (downward) of wavefronts on the free surface for δ|C| = 0.49: (left) δ = 0;δg = 0.6, (right) δ = 0.47;δg = 0.17. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-the-impact-of-human-mobility-and-travel-2176lazr0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-impact-of-holiday-travel-on-the-disease-spread-2bndwuwa.png Figure 2. The impact of holiday travel on the disease spread. The speed of disease spread, quantified by the probability of spreading to 2 or more cities when it reaches 50 infections, from simulations with initial infections in Taipei City (representing big cities) or Pingtong County (representing small cities) are shown. The impact of Lunar New Year (10-day) was larger than Ching Ming Festival (4-day) and Dragon Boat Festival (4-day). Initial infections occurred either in (blue) or before holidays (red: 7-day; green: 14-day). R0=2.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-connectivity-measures-three-kinds-of-connectivity-13nalrgd.png Figure 1. Connectivity measures. Three kinds of connectivity measures relevant to disease spread are shown. The values for bigger cities were larger. (A) Risk of infection. (B) Risk of importation. (C) Source of importation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-impact-of-the-duration-of-travel-reduction-and-3bttv6zx.png Figure 4. The impact of the duration of travel reduction and the level of reduction on the probability of having 1000 infections. P1000,3 from the contact model (A) and the residence model (B) with initial infections in Taipei City and R0=2.4. The color represents the level of reduction in P1000,3 (white to red represents smaller to larger reduction). As the duration of intracity travel reduction increased, P1000,3 decreased in both models. P1000,3 did not change with the duration of intercity travel reduction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-impact-of-travel-reduction-on-the-probability-3onlk2yf.png Figure 3. The impact of travel reduction on the probability of having 1000 infections. P1000,3 from simulations with initial infections in Taipei City (representing big cities) or Pingtong County (representing small cities) using both contact and residence models are shown. The difference between big and small cities was more significant in the contact model than in the residence model. Intracity and intercity travel reduction reduced P1000,3, while the impact of intercity travel reduction was minor. Here travel reduction was applied during the whole time and R0=2.4. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-progression-of-single-cell-populations-through-the-308sdoq01u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-visualizing-the-transcriptomic-cell-cycle-wovzkam1.png Figure 5: Visualizing the transcriptomic cell cycle trajectory of CHLA9 cell line in projections on first 8 principal components, computed in the subspace of known cell cycle genes. The data points are partitioned accordingly to the segmentation of the CCT into 5 transcriptomic epochs, also shown in Figure 1, 0-A (blue), A-B (orange), B-C (green), C-D (red), D-E (purple). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-studying-the-effect-of-shortening-the-durations-of-1fw8ep7e.png Figure 7: Studying the effect of shortening the durations of transcriptional epochs T1 and T1s or T1 and T2s on the geometry of cell cycle trajectory projected onto the S-phase and G2/M-phase scores plane. The simulated trajectories (in the lower part of the figure) are produced by taking the parameters of the CHLA9 fit of model dynamics (red plot) and changing the durations of T1 and T1s epochs (violet plot) or the durations of T1 and T2s epochs (blue plot). Each simulation shows the trajectory (black line) sampled with Laplacian noise added, with score distribution histograms shown at the plot margins. The upper part of the plot shows six real-life cell cycle trajectories observed in different systems, with GEO identifiers indicated. In each plot title either cell line name is provided, or hNPC means human neural precursor cells, hESC - human embryonic stem cell, hBM - human bone marrow, hNESC - human neural epithelial stem cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-general-schema-of-switch-like-dynamics-a-and-a-toy-11xftsb5.png Figure 2: General schema of switch-like dynamics (A) and a toy model with a single trigger (B-E). A) Imaginary two-dimensional example of a limiting trajectory with division. The division hyperplane D is shown in purple, solid line. The birth hyperplane B is obtained from D by translation at vector d, shown in cyan (the most natural is to assume all the components of d to be − log 2). Two switch hyperplanes L1 and L2 are shown by grey lines. The limiting cycling trajectory is shown by blue arrows. B) and C) Example of single limiting cycle in the switching dynamics. Depending on the initial state of the automaton and the initial position, the trajectory enters into the limit cycle or degenerates (goes to infinity). For the same parameters, four initial conditions are shown. The trajectory is plotted with semi-transparent blue color such that the intense blue line designates the trajectory cycling multiple times on top of itself. D) Possibility of existence of two limit cycles. Depending on the initial state and position, the automaton ends up in one of the two possible limit cycles. E) Example of non-trivial dependence of the switching dynamics on the initial position of the automaton. The trajectories drawn by different colors from three closely located initial positions are shown, with two leading to degenerated dynamics and one located in between the first two, leading to the limit cycle. In B)-E) panels, the initial position of the automaton is always shown at the birth hyperplane B (shown my dashed purple line), therefore, it is characterized by a single number. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dependence-of-cell-line-doubling-time-dt-on-the-1z48jqqm.png Figure 8: Dependence of cell line doubling time (DT) on the length of the principal circle approximating the cell cycle trajectory in the 2D plane of scaled (divided by the maximum value) S-phase and G2M scores. On the left two examples of principal circles are shown in red, and cells in green. On the right the linear regression line with confidence intervals is shown connecting the length of the principal circle with cell line doubling time (Pearson correlation 0.931, p-value=10−5). The regression formula is shown on the plot in top left corner. Two cell lines indicated by red crosses were eliminated from the regression as evident outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-condition-of-existence-of-stable-cell-cycle-ji8ndpos.png Figure 4: Condition of existence of stable cell cycle trajectory in the model of allometric growth with switches. For illustration, only two growth vectors a1, a2 are considered, and 2D or 3D embedding space. Stable piecewise linear trajectory is possible only if the negative of the cell division vector−d belongs to the convex coneQ = ∑m i λiai, λi ≥ 0. Only in this case, the cyclic equality ∑m i λiai + d = 0 is possible. In general position, the condition can be assured only when m ≥ n, where n is the dimensionality of the trajectory space (see text for the formal proof). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modeling-transcriptomic-cell-cycle-trajectory-by-an-2pacvu6x.png Figure 3: Modeling transcriptomic cell cycle trajectory by an allometric growth with switches. A) Piecewise linear cell cycle trajectory fit to the single cell RNASeq data (cell cycle trajectory, shown in Figure 1,A,right). The model contains three switching planes L1, L2, L3, and is characterized by 4 states. The states are encoded with two triggers, each possessing three possible levels 0,1,2, the biological meaning of which is specified in B). B) The growth vectors associated with each state are encoded by rates kSi , k M j , such that the components of the growth vectors equal (k S i , k S j ), where i and j are the levels of the corresponding triggers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cell-cycle-trajectory-cct-of-chla9-ewing-sarcoma-2aflwsfn.png Figure 1: Cell cycle trajectory (CCT) of CHLA9 Ewing sarcoma cell line in the single cell transcriptomic space. A) Each cell is represented by an arrow reflecting the momentary direction and the speed of transcriptomic changes, estimated with RNA velocity. Two projections are shown, in the first two principal components and in the plane of S-phase and G2-M scores. The color of the arrows signifies either the total amount of RNA counts in the single cell profile (blue to yellow scale) or the cells in non-proliferative state (shown in grey). Red line shows an approximation of the cell cycle trajectory with a principal curve computed with ElPiGraph, directly in the 30-dimensional space of the first principal components of the dataset. Several particular positions along the trajectory (A,B,C,D) mark either the peaks of the Riemannian curvature of the principal curve (also shown in B) panel) or the beginning (0) and the end (E) of the trajectory. B) Pseudotemporal transcriptomic dynamics of several cell cycle-related genes along CCT, shown relatively to the maximum value units. The pseudotime range is from 0 to 49, corresponding to the number of nodes in the approximation of the principal curve (50 nodes). In black, an estimation of the Riemannian curvature of the principal curve is shown, with peaks indicated by letters (A,B,C,D). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simple-kinetic-model-of-cell-cycle-transcriptome-lrftmdlp.png Figure 6: Simple kinetic model of cell cycle transcriptome dynamics. A) Mean RNA velocity values for S-phase and G2/M genes. B) Pseudotemporal dynamics of S-phase and G2/M scores (shown with more intense color) and mean RNA velocity values (shown with semi-transparent color). C) Description of the simple kinetic model of cell cycle transcriptome. Model equations are shown on the left and the changes in the values of kinetic rates (degradation, in red, and synthesis, in green). D) Result of fitting the model dynamics to cell cycle transcriptome dynamics observed in CHLA9 cell line. E),F) Inferred real-time and pseudotemporal dynamics of cell cycle transcriptome in CHLA9 cell line. https://scispace.com/papers/modeling-the-reliability-of-search-and-rescue-operations-3e968h2li6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bayesian-belief-network-24w1nv1j.png Figure 2: Bayesian Belief Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linguistic-numerical-scale-2n582lh6.png Figure 1 Linguistic/Numerical Scale https://scispace.com/papers/modelisation-de-faisceaux-de-transducteurs-ultrasonores-par-3bhahlt4ur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sommation-au-point-m-de-toutes-les-fig-2-interaction-2ay93fcv.png Fig. 1 Sommation au point M de toutes les Fig. 2 Interaction avec une interface plane, cas ondes planes impulsionnelles avec un de la transmission, le retard s'écrit https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-and-simulation-of-a-telephone-call-center-20n1qc6nar 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-daily-performance-measures-averaged-15z0l9kn.png Table 4: Comparison of Daily Performance Measures Averaged from Empirical Data and Those Obtained by Simulation of 100,000 Days https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-input-parameters-of-the-simulation-model-for-m9oc1je4.png Table 3: Input Parameters of the Simulation Model for Tuesdays https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-daily-performance-measures-obtained-from-the-1rimsuwi.png Table 6: Daily Performance Measures Obtained from the Simulation with 5% Fewer Agents https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-daily-performance-measures-obtained-from-the-1x7wxjuj.png Table 5: Daily Performance Measures Obtained from the Simulation with a New Dialing Heuristic https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-daily-performance-measures-obtained-from-the-3dp6oofx.png Table 7: Daily Performance Measures Obtained from the Simulation Where the Arrival Process is Poisson with Deterministic Rates and Exponential Service Times https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-estimates-for-the-poisson-arrival-process-2oxrpur3.png Table 1: Parameter Estimates for the Poisson Arrival Process with a Gamma-Distributed Correlation Factor for Tuesday (The Number of Arrivals is Per Half Hour) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-parameters-of-service-times-of-inbound-3igezmfr.png Table 2: Estimated Parameters of Service Times of Inbound Calls Under the Gamma Model (The Service Times are in Seconds) https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-auto-ignition-of-hydrogen-in-a-jet-ignition-pre-3z8136zqi1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-computed-temperature-fields-within-the-cylinder-of-the-ar48w1qb.png Fig. 3 – Computed temperature fields within the cylinder of the DI-JI engine in the glow plug version about TDC with intervals of 28 crank angle or 4.44$10L5 s (l [ 2.25, N [ 7500 rpm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plane-cut-of-the-in-cylinder-and-pre-chamber-volumes-2kfsfoz8.png Fig. 1 – Plane cut of the in-cylinder and pre-chamber volumes (from [16]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dars-preprocessor-h2-o2-kinetic-mechanism-units-a-gvtges2q.png Table 1 – DARS Preprocessor H2/O2 kinetic mechanism (units a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mass-fractions-0-25-ms-after-start-of-injection-a-h2-b-274hcsxd.png Fig. 2 – Mass fractions 0.25 ms after start of injection: a. H2 ; b. OH ; c. H2O. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-contraction-flows-of-bi-disperse-polymer-blends-3pjx9p4f13 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-velocity-profile-across-the-geometry-predicted-2ov5wtuv.png Figure 4: The velocity profile across the geometry predicted using different mesh resolution. The mesh refinement is made by increasing the number of cell by factor 2 and 4 in both 𝑥 and 𝑦 direction from coarse to medium and from coarse to fine respectively. Left-hand side figure (a) is taken at 𝑥 =−0.2 (upstream). Right-hand side figure (b) is taken at 𝑥 = 2.5 (mid-way of contraction). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-transient-shear-viscosity-between-2ly7rvmb.png Figure 1: Comparison of the transient shear viscosity, 𝜎𝑥𝑦 ?̇?⁄ , between the RDP (left) and 3 mode RP (right) models at a range of different shear-rates. The predictions of the two models are nearly identical. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-transient-extensional-viscosity-213egsab.png Figure 2: Comparison of the transient extensional viscosity between the RDP (left) and 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-computational-domain-for-the-planar-hyperbolic-14tldyjz.png Figure 3: The computational domain for the planar hyperbolic contraction flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graph-comparing-the-centre-line-values-of-3-for-the-1ls12diz.png Figure 8: Graph comparing the centre-line values of 𝜆𝐿𝐿 = √𝑇𝑟𝑨𝐿𝐿 3⁄ for the RDP model with stretch of the first mode in the multimode RP model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-colour-maps-showing-the-extension-of-the-l-chain-kundpp4d.png Figure 7: Colour maps showing the extension of the L-chain component in the 10:1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-velocity-and-extension-rate-along-3lbwbyrm.png Figure 5: Comparison of the velocity and extension rate along the centre-line between the 4:1 and 10:1 hyperbolic contractions for the RDP model. Both geometries give an approximately linear increase in velocity within the contraction region 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5. The ratio of the flowrates between the two geometries have been chosen to give approximately the same extension rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graphs-showing-the-extension-of-the-l-chain-25r0zpqw.png Figure 6: Graphs showing the extension of the L-chain component along the centre-line of the 4:1 and 10:1 hyperbolic contractions for the RDP model. Left-hand figure (a) shows the https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-covid-19-using-the-fundamentals-of-fluid-dynamics-4o3xzz813z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-worldwide-distribution-of-covid-19-as-of-27th-2nuhmznu.png Figure 2. (a) Worldwide distribution of COVID-19 as of 27th July 2020 provided by the EU Open Data Portal (20). In Asian and African countries the epidemic is less severe than American and European countries. This localized severity of COVID-19 in the northern and western part of the globe may reflect the role of the environment on the impact of the pandemic. (b) Comparison of real data and model predictions for selected countries. The model is able to capture the trend and forecast the future cases. (c-e) sensitivity analysis of model fitting parameters on the output. Increasing 𝛽 decreases the number of cases whereas an increase in 𝛼 an 𝛾 result in an increase in the number of infected cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cartoon-depicting-the-physical-meaning-of-the-34bkw92v.png Figure 1. Cartoon depicting the physical meaning of the fitting parameters represented in the model. 𝛼 relates to the diffusive transmission of the virus, 𝛾 is the activity of virus within the individual and 𝛽 is related to the strength of the individual's immune system. Both the environmental conditions as well as human interventions such as social distancing and wearing of protective gears (e.g. masks) can have influence 𝛼. Whereas the medical condition of individuals affects the 𝛾 (the growth of virus) and the 𝛽 (natural immunity) values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-model-parameters-a-the-yo5j9o9s.png Figure 3. Relationship between model parameters. (a) The negative correlation between natural immunity 𝛽 and the total predicated cases ∅𝑓, indicating in countries where on average individuals have a strong immune system, the size of the epidemic is less extensive. (b) Decrease in ∅𝑓 as 𝛼 increases, highlighting an increase in the social interaction of asymptomatic individuals. (c) The 𝛽 is inversely proportional to the 𝛾, indicating that as the strength of natural immunity enhances the growth of virus is suppressed. Hence, in these individuals, the virus is not capable of deteriorating their health. (d) Reflects the positive relationship between 𝛽 and 𝛼. In regions where there is high diffusion transmission of virus individuals many remain asymptomatic and therefore unintentionally transmit the virus. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-fitting-parameters-that-are-used-to-25r07scj.png Table 1. Definition of fitting parameters that are used to solve the presented physics based model. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-imaging-and-measurement-of-distortion-drag-and-1ogniipd6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-formation-of-bag-instability-cwsv92yg.png Figure 14. Formation of bag instability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-video-sequence-of-bursting-bag-2chf6q9m.png Figure 15. (a) Video sequence of bursting bag. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-predicted-and-measured-results-2izb8stg.png Figure 17. Predicted and Measured Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-experimental-results-in-comparison-with-model-2b308geh.png Figure 18. Experimental results in comparison with Model predictions, using Massey disk drag data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-wind-tunnel-droplet-stream-injection-2pq6h6h6.png Figure 11. Wind tunnel droplet stream injection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-droplet-imaging-optical-arrangement-1geckqw7.png Figure 8. Droplet imaging Optical Arrangement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-video-sequence-of-splash-for-400-m-droplet-3psx12wq.png Figure 10. Video sequence of splash for 400 m droplet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-is-a-video-sequence-showing-the-distortion-of-a-1yg8ln06.png Figure 13 is a video sequence showing the distortion of a droplet of about 475 m as it approached a splash target at about 67m/s in the Cranfield vertical wind tunnel. Analysis of this gave a Weber number, perpendicular to the droplet, of about 28. The evaluated Bond number was about 51. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-nature-like-fishway-flow-around-unsubmerged-4ddwn0rz31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-local-view-of-the-standard-a-and-fine-b-grids-2ot74jda.png Fig. 2 Local view of the ‘standard’ (a) and ‘fine’ (b) grids https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-turbulent-kinetic-energy-magnitude-at-a-section-1-1-3ppuvo3m.png Fig. 8 Turbulent kinetic energy magnitude at a section 1-1 and b section 3-3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydraulic-conditions-for-adv-measurements-2ihsumha.png Table 1 Hydraulic conditions for ADV measurements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-length-of-the-resting-zone-as-a-function-of-the-2mfaczzy.png Fig. 12 Length of the resting zone as a function of the Froude number https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-water-surface-profiles-along-section-1-1-for-c-13-and-q1j8dk9f.png Fig. 3 Water surface profiles along section 1-1, for C=13 % and smooth bed https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-longitudinal-velocity-component-u-a-and-turbulent-2ds6kk2i.png Fig. 7 Longitudinal velocity component u (a) and Turbulent kinetic energy k (b) along section 2-2: measurements and numerical results with two meshes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-relative-model-discharge-error-137sbdix.png Fig. 11 Relative model discharge error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-drag-coefficient-comparison-between-numerical-values-2sq0ktif.png Fig. 10 Drag coefficient comparison between numerical values (points) and experimental correlation (solid line) https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-nutrient-retention-in-the-coastal-zone-of-an-1a8pducfnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-sampling-occasions-occ-during-the-number-29oakhbt.png Table 1. Number of sampling occasions (Occ) during the number of years, number of months during each year, and number of depth levels that were frequently sampled at the different stations used for validation of model results. The position of the stations can be seen in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-retention-per-area-unit-t-km-2-yr-1-of-p-left-1wg9squ6.png Figure 11. The retention per area unit (t km−2 yr−1) of P (left) and N (right) in each basin of the Stockholm Archipelago. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-external-annual-load-and-retention-t-yr-1-of-p-34qk5la1.png Figure 10. The external annual load and retention (t yr−1) of P (a, c) and N (b, d) in the entire Stockholm Archipelago for the period 1990–2012. Total load (shaded area) and the contributions from the different sources – rivers and land runoff (diamonds), point sources (circles) and atmosphere (solid line) – are shown in the top row. The total retention (shaded area) as a sum of permanent retention (solid line) and temporary retention (diamonds; c, d) is shown in the bottom row. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-scheme-of-the-retention-calculations-in-35wvlvwf.png Figure 1. Simplified scheme of the retention calculations in the study area. Permanent retention is considered a permanent removal of nutrients from the ecological system and includes burial and, for nitrogen, also denitrification. Temporary retention is defined as the changes in nutrient inventory in the active sediment layer and water column. The temporary retention may change sign depending on whether the nutrient inventory increases or declines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-swedish-coastal-zone-model-can-be-used-in-3kj4opk2.png Figure 2. The Swedish Coastal zone Model can be used in different areas along the Swedish coast, stretching from the Norwegian border in the west to the Finnish border in the north (different colours, left). In the present study the SCM covers the northern Baltic proper (marked with a red square) and has been used to estimate the coastal filter efficiency of nutrients in the Stockholm inner (red), intermediate (orange) and outer (blue) archipelagos (right). The outlet of the river Norrström is marked by a black arrow and the different basins are shown by the black contours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-maximum-concentrations-of-p-and-n-mg-l-1-in-the-2ryocoy3.png Table 2. The maximum concentrations of P and N (mg L−1) in the discharge from sewage treatment plants of different size (person equivalents, pe). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-correlation-coefficients-r-between-observations-1d5o0bcq.png Table 3. The correlation coefficients (r) between observations (obs) and model results (S-HYPE), and the long-term (1990–2012) averages of river outflow (QF) and nutrient loads from Lake Mälaren. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulated-lines-and-observed-averages-squares-of-lryep2bp.png Figure 8. Simulated (lines) and observed averages (squares) of the seasonal variation and the standard deviation (vertical lines) of the observations in the basin Strömmen (1990–2012) of surface temperature (Temp), salinity, DIN and DIP and of the bottom water oxygen concentrations. Time periods with dense number of observations (grey asterisks) determined the time intervals (grey shaded area) used in the calculations. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-errors-in-databases-4quf958nhf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hypothetical-data-used-to-illustrate-input-required-2vz0a1v1.png Table 1. Hypothetical data used to illustrate input required to spreadsheet model for forecasting the effects on estimates of known error rates in data recording. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-a-general-set-transformation-2p89zw09.png Figure 1 - Illustration of a general set transformation process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-information-calculated-by-spreadsheet-model-2kb61pe8.png Table 2. Summary information calculated by spreadsheet model concerning distribution of mortality rates that would be estimated dependent on the occurrence of data recording errors https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-fibre-optic-das-response-to-microseismic-3djrxcss2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modelled-particle-velocity-along-the-horizontal-2l3j6fec.png Figure 1 Modelled particle velocity along the horizontal well direction for a microseismic source in a homogeneous VTI medium (left). Snapshots of the particle velocity (right, labelled Particle Velocity) and strain rate (right, labelled DAS Strain Rate) along the fibre at the peak amplitude of SH arrival. Since strain rate is the spatial derivative of particle velocity along the fibre the peak amplitude for particle velocity translates to zero amplitude in DAS data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-synthetic-das-data-left-along-a-horizontal-well-for-31v6y81z.png Figure 2 Synthetic DAS data (left) along a horizontal well for a microseismic source in a homogeneous VTI medium. Waveforms to the right show observed DAS data. Plots to the rights of the waveforms show the sum of absolute amplitudes over time. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-gasoline-fuel-droplets-heating-and-evaporation-2xfw0wz9u4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1xwwd47a.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-d2tvxhkq.png Table 15 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3ekii1ix.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1pddedcd.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-2d5wd2nb.png Table 13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-3bdiswsh.png Table 14 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-avea8uob.png Table 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-1tu7n71o.png Table 12 https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-material-parameter-uncertainty-of-resonance-2wvv436pxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-coefficient-fields-for-the-three-output-frequencies-3j6sn1ta.png Figure 8: coefficient fields for the three output frequencies for the longitudinal stiffness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-orientation-of-the-basis-functions-over-the-violin-letm9912.png Figure 3: Orientation of the basis functions over the violin body. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-some-examples-of-radial-stiffness-distributions-25owaqf7.png Figure 7: some examples of radial stiffness distributions over the violin top plate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tuning-modes-of-the-violin-top-plate-2otsmf2r.png Figure 1: Tuning modes of the violin top plate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-uncertainty-region-projected-on-the-f1-f5-plane-x9wltbio.png Figure 11: uncertainty region projected on the (f1, f5)-plane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-uncertainty-region-projected-on-the-f2-f5-plane-14nwfg6x.png Figure 12: uncertainty region projected on the (f2, f5)-plane https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-interval-bounds-in-the-mfa-model-3e3ewb1j.png Table 1: interval bounds in the MFA model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-a-basis-function-ah8d7nxt.png Figure 4: Example of a basis function. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-irregular-shaped-cement-particles-and-l9pfkrxhty 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-normalized-autocorrelation-functions-of-different-2tek0bva.png Fig. 8 Normalized autocorrelation functions of different mineral phases of cement particle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-segmented-sem-image-of-cement-particle-with-size-of-24jswhci.png Fig. 7 A segmented SEM image of cement particle with size of 512 × 400 pixels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-initial-3d-microstructures-of-cement-mixes-with-2hbeeyes.png Fig. 9 Initial 3D microstructures of cement mixes with spherical (DS), intermediate (M2) and elongated-shaped (M3) particles at w/c ratio of 0.35 (red and grey colours stand for cement and gypsum particles, respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-experimental-and-simulated-degree-of-hydration-of-3rwmrthr.png Fig. 13 Experimental and simulated degree of hydration of cement pastes with spherical (DS), intermediate (M2) and elongated-shaped (M3) particles at w/c ratios of: (a) 0.23, (b) 0.35 and (c) 0.53 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-bewteen-sphericity-of-particles-and-183bcs04.png Fig. 5 Relationship bewteen sphericity of particles and number of voxels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationship-between-three-semi-axes-dimensions-of-3dcfr0ac.png Fig. 6 Relationship between three semi-axes dimensions of equivalent inertia moment ellipsoid and number of voxels of particles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-experimental-and-simulated-hydration-heat-of-cement-e2m61nd4.png Fig. 12 Experimental and simulated hydration heat of cement pastes with spherical (DS), intermediate (M2) and elongated-shaped (M3) particles at w/c ratios of: (a) 0.23, (b) 0.35 and (c) 0.53 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-2d-slices-extracted-from-segmented-initial-1fzaqth5.png Fig. 11 2D slices extracted from segmented initial microstructures of cement mixes with w/c ratio of 0.35 (from left to right are spherical (DS), intermediate (M2) and elongated-shaped (M3) particles) https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-particle-breakage-of-coarse-aggregates-v3jzu9dnmk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-grain-size-distribution-of-latite-aggregates-before-3co12xqq.png Fig. 3. Grain size distribution of latite aggregates before and after test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-large-scale-triaxial-apparatus-built-at-university-of-3o1l1dty.png Fig. 2. Large-scale triaxial apparatus built at University of Wollongong, Australia https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-change-in-particle-size-of-aggregates-at-20-axial-1bzsbkay.png Fig. 4. Change in particle size of aggregates at 20% axial strain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-influence-of-dilatancy-on-the-stress-ratio-at-failure-12llevqb.png Fig. 6. Influence of dilatancy on the stress ratio at failure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-fb-with-the-rate-of-particle-breakage-at-t4masr4b.png Fig. 8. Variation of fb with the rate of particle breakage at failure (dBg=d 1)f https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-influence-of-confining-pressure-on-fb-1uuf9pll.png Fig. 7. Influence of confining pressure on fb https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-rate-of-energy-consumption-deb-d-1-f-against-rate-of-3pjbggc3.png Fig. 10. Rate of energy consumption, (dEB=d 1)f , against rate of particle breakage, (dBg=d 1)f https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-of-particle-paths-passing-through-an-ultrasonic-279b6a5qut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-theoretical-and-cfd-modelled-velocity-profile-across-2c08qk7d.png Fig. 3. Theoretical and CFD modelled velocity profile across channel, where h ¼ 240 lm and U ¼ 0:083 m/s (Q0 ¼ 0:1 ml/s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-of-particle-forces-within-fluid-suspension-and-22yk2j8e.png Fig. 2. System of particle forces within fluid suspension and acoustic field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-concentration-across-channel-as-function-of-frequency-gxamg9r4.png Fig. 6. Concentration across channel as function of frequency taken at a distance 8.5 mm along channel and where h ¼ 250 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-concentration-through-outlet-1-clean-fluid-as-a-1whj86wg.png Fig. 7. Concentration through outlet 1 (clean fluid) as a function of frequency, comparing experimental results and modelled performance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-separation-device-operating-in-half-3f90beed.png Fig. 1. Schematic of separation device operating in half wavelength mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-acoustic-radiation-force-and-b-trajectory-of-a-3uoleode.png Fig. 4. (a) Acoustic radiation force and (b) trajectory of a particle initially located near channel wall for both parabolic flow and plug’ flow profiles, where h ¼ 250 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-convergence-of-particles-towards-nodal-plane-and-b-3b50oovn.png Fig. 5. (a) Convergence of particles towards nodal plane and (b) relative particle concentration across channel at a distance 8.5 mm along channel and acoustic field (relative concentration at inlet ¼ 1) and where h ¼ 250 lm. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-the-impact-of-ground-planes-on-aircraft-1bt6ta8eox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-magnetic-field-emanating-from-the-conductor-f-1-khz-36q3zhtm.png Fig. 1. Magnetic field emanating from the conductor, f = 1 kHz, cable-ground distance = 5 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fea-result-of-per-unit-length-inductance-against-1n5xpxw1.png Fig. 4. FEA result of per-unit-length inductance against frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fea-result-of-per-unit-length-impedance-against-1767dyju.png Fig. 5. FEA result of per-unit-length impedance against frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fea-result-of-per-unit-length-resistance-against-8p0hstkn.png Fig. 3. FEA result of per-unit-length resistance against frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnetic-field-strength-for-set-frequencies-across-the-243g2pv8.png Fig. 2. Magnetic field strength for set frequencies across the 5 cm cableground scenario. The centre of the conductor is at 0 mm, and ground plane at - 50 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fea-result-of-per-unit-length-capacitance-against-cralbm6p.png Fig 6. FEA result of per-unit-length capacitance against cable-ground distance. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-synthetic-atmospheric-turbulence-profiles-with-uj2byfcplg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristic-time-dt-in-min-of-tp-from-paranal-in-4tvk6hng.png Table 4. Characteristic time δt (in min) of TP from Paranal in different months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temporal-variation-of-the-tp-measurements-within-3n1zjqcx.png Figure 4. Temporal variation of the TP measurements within the first 300 min from Paranal 2017-04-13. The x-axis is the measurement time and the y-axis is the label of TP. We find that the TP will change after several minutes. In comparison to Fig.3, the TP changes frequently from 100 to 200 min and becomes stable after that. This phenomenon is common and should be considered for AO performance evaluation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-normalized-histogram-of-characteristic-time-for-la-2p5ogiqy.png Figure 5. Normalized histogram of characteristic time for La Palma and Paranal. We can find that the characteristic time in Paranal is shorter than that in La Palma. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-characteristic-time-dt-in-min-of-tp-from-la-palma-in-3h6ik78y.png Table 3. Characteristic time δt (in min) of TP from La Palma in different months. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-typical-tps-with-different-labels-from-1-to-4-2crcwpiy.png Figure 6. Typical TPs with different labels (from 1 to 4) generated by GMM trained from La Palma Data. The plot in grey is the C2ni dh in logarithmic scale and the plot in black is the wind speed. These TPs are listed according to their labels in ascending order from left to right and from top to bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-typical-tps-with-different-labels-from-1-to-4-7ps0g6ok.png Figure 7. Typical TPs with different labels (from 1 to 4) generated by GMM trained from Paranal Data. The plot in grey is the normalized C2ni dh in logarithmic scale and the plot in black is the wind speed. These TPs are listed according to their labels in ascending order from left to right and from top to bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tp-measurements-data-summary-22fxqzjd.png Table 1. TP measurements data summary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-left-hand-panel-stands-for-a-tp-before-3oh7iud8.png Figure 1. The left-hand panel stands for a TP before interpolation of wind speed and the right-hand panel stands for the same TP after interpolation. The grey line stands for the C2ndh in logarithmic scale and the black line stands for the wind speed. In this paper, wind speed from the layers with strong wind speed are used and in several layers there are no wind speed measurements. We use interpolation to solve this problem and the values of wind speed are continuous after interpolation. https://scispace.com/papers/modelling-the-occurrence-of-heat-waves-in-maximum-and-293se2j7x3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-values-of-txt-and-tnt-series-in-oc-34hmkjwf.png Table 1 Summary values of Txt and Tnt series (in oC), thresholds Ux and Un used to define EHEs, and number of EHEs in each indicator process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficients-of-the-temperature-covariates-1zmjkq4n.png Table 2 Coefficients of the temperature covariates; interaction terms between the corresponding covariate and the harmonic, and quadratic terms are labeled I and Q, respectively. Last columns: # par, the number of model parameters, R2 (in %), and p-values of the KS test, the Pearson correlation test and the independence test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-seasonal-pattern-of-the-observed-l25-and-of-the-q2l25-772lh00u.png Fig. 10 Seasonal pattern of the observed λ̄25 and of the Q2λ̄25 values under scenario RCP8.5, by decade. Vertical bars show the range of the λ̄25 values used to calculate each median. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-observed-l25-and-q2l25-by-decade-and-rcp-vertical-3ilpjzk8.png Fig. 11 Observed λ̄25 and Q2λ̄25 by decade and RCP. Vertical bars show the range of the projections under the different RCPs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-observed-black-points-and-esm-1bobnxke.png Fig. 4 Comparison of the observed (black points) and ESM percentiles for the historical scenario (lines), 90th percentile (top row) and 95th percentile (bottom row), Barcelona. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plots-by-month-and-type-of-event-of-q2l25-under-rcp4-5-2fun114x.png Fig. 7 Plots, by month and type of event, of Q2λ̄25 under RCP4.5 in the three decades and λ̄25 of the observed period. The projections of each location are displayed with different colours. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-plots-of-iqrl-versus-l25-for-a-month-in-each-decade-30prfasf.png Fig. 12 Plots of IQRλ versus λ̄25 for a month in each decade under RCP4.5 (top row) and boxplots of the correlation coefficients between IQRλ and λ̄25 under the three RCPs (bottom row) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-seasonal-pattern-of-the-observed-l25-and-of-the-q2l25-32j0k3av.png Fig. 8 Seasonal pattern of the observed λ̄25 and of the Q2λ̄25 values under RCP4.5 in 2031- 40, 2041-50 and 2051-60. Vertical bars show the range of the λ̄25 values used to calculate each median. https://scispace.com/papers/modern-secondary-education-and-economic-performance-the-4u5ynjreet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histogram-propensity-scores-for-counties-with-2ryofpy7.png Figure 4 Histogram propensity scores for counties with Gewerbeschule by 1835 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histogram-propensity-scores-for-counties-without-tszxhyay.png Figure 5 Histogram propensity scores for counties without Realschule by 1896 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-propensity-scores-for-counties-without-3t7zwnaw.png Figure 3 Histogram propensity scores for counties without Gewerbeschule by 1835 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histogram-propensity-scores-for-counties-with-zz7l1pti.png Figure 6 Histogram propensity scores for counties with Realschule by 1896 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-intended-careers-of-graduates-at-the-realschule-sc4kqlna.png Table 6 Intended careers of graduates at the Realschule Munich https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-number-of-students-at-secondary-schools-14a7vrxh.png Table 7 Number of students at secondary schools https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-economic-effect-of-the-gewerbeschule-introduction-by-1o8rmca3.png Table 8 Economic effect of the Gewerbeschule (introduction by 1835) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-economic-effect-of-the-realschule-introduction-1a8s8asa.png Table 9 Economic effect of the Realschule (introduction between 1877 and 1896) https://scispace.com/papers/modernization-of-agriculture-and-long-term-growth-268dbms6rm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-agricultural-mechanization-england-1700-1909-25gg8ga4.png Figure 8: Agricultural Mechanization, England, 1700-1909 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-price-of-industrial-to-agricultural-8052zmqc.png Figure 2. Relative Price of Industrial to Agricultural Products: England, 1700-1909 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-employment-share-in-agriculture-england-1700-1909-19tdc0k3.png Figure 7: Employment Share in Agriculture: England, 1700-1909 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-price-ratio-of-industrial-to-agricultural-product-14mpfbnt.png Figure 6: Price Ratio of Industrial to Agricultural Product: England, 1700-1909 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-historical-statistics-of-england-1700-1910-1aq4wmzj.png Table 1: Historical Statistics of England: 1700-1910 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-per-capita-gdp-england-1700-1909-13xyimow.png Figure 1. Real Per Capita GDP: England, 1700-1909 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-real-per-capita-income-england-1700-1909-1uw92djb.png Figure 5: Real Per Capita Income, England: 1700-1909 https://scispace.com/papers/modern-spectral-climate-patterns-in-rhythmically-deposited-4gvgp1uyli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cobalt-series-laminar-argillite-early-proterozoic-1otmvz11.png Fig. 1. Cobalt Series laminar argillite (Early Proterozoic Gowganda Formation) exposed at an outcrop in southern Ontario, Can ada (46.413‡N, 83.325‡W). Ridges in the weathered surface correspond to coarser members of sedimentary couplets presumably produced by annual freeze^thaw cycles in a glacial-margin lake. Average couplet thickness in this section is 9.92 mm, ranging from 5.01 to 23.34 mm. A large drop stone is noticeable in the center of the photo. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-csa-of-wharncli-e-couplet-thickness-sequence-show-ing-25v9b10j.png Fig. 5. CSA of Wharncli¡e couplet thickness sequence show ing variations in spectral composition over time. Darker val ues represent higher spectral power. At least two of the spec tral peaks are consistently present over the time span of the measured column, near a period of 10.0 layer couplets, and again near a period of 14.3 layer couplets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-dft-and-b-mem-spectra-of-thickness-measurements-from-2pdqbe29.png Fig. 4. (A) DFT and (B) MEM spectra of thickness measurements from the Wharncli¡e argillite couplet thickness sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-continuous-sequence-of-layer-couplet-thicknesses-as-2e2eo3ab.png Fig. 3. Continuous sequence of layer couplet thicknesses, as deviations about the mean layer couplet thickness. A layer couplet was de¢ned to be the distance between boundaries of successive transitions from dark layer below to light layer above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-section-of-a-gowganda-argillite-from-the-2ibde47b.png Fig. 2. Cross-section of a Gowganda argillite from the Wharncli¡e outcrop showing alternating light and dark layers, and a granitic drop stone. Light layers contain pre dominantly clay-sized clasts, and presumably represent winter deposition in an ice-covered lake. Darker layers contain silt and sand mixed with clay-sized particles, and presumably represent summer deposition in an open body of water. Drop stones were probably rafted to the center of the lake by £oating ice. https://scispace.com/papers/modernizing-existing-software-a-case-study-4dal3irit8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-sequential-time-st-average-concurrent-time-eogkbs0h.png Table 1: Average sequential time (st), average concurrent time (ct), weighted average of numbers of machines used (m), and average speedup (su = st/ct) for 1.0e-3 and 1.0e-4 runs for levels O through 15. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-3-4-and-5-graphically-show-the-contents-of-table-i-2eaji3wo.png Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 graphically show the contents of Table I. Because of the wide range of the average sequential and concurrent time we use the logarithmic scale in Figures 2 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ebb-flow-during-a-run-of-our-restructured-3l1fth3y.png Figure 1: The ebb & flow during a run of our restructured application for level 15. https://scispace.com/papers/modification-of-the-lifshitz-kosevich-formula-for-anomalous-4z4xx66uc7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-validities-of-formulas-eq-23-on-the-left-and-eq-17-on-336alioh.png FIG. 6. Validities of formulas Eq. (23) (on the left) and Eq. (17) (on the right) as approximations to formula Eq. (15). The darker region represents a faithful approximation according to the 2% criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-validities-of-formulas-eq-27-on-the-left-and-eq-28-on-1n8glimf.png FIG. 7. Validities of formulas Eq. (27) (on the left) and Eq. (28) (on the right) as approximations to formula Eq. (15). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-spectrum-of-an-inverted-insulator-as-jm9lpijj.png FIG. 1. Sketch of the spectrum of an inverted insulator as described by Eq. (2). It shows a cut along an arbitrary direction in the two-dimensional momentum space. The energy E is plotted on the vertical axis and the momentum on the horizontal axis. We furthermore allow for a chemical potential μ and all states below it are occupied at zero temperature. The system exhibits a gap of size δ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-the-amplitude-function-eq-15-as-a-khwktb56.png FIG. 8. Comparison of the amplitude function Eq. (15) as a function of temperature (setting the strength of disorder to zero) and as a function of disorder strength (setting the temperature to zero). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-amplitude-function-m-as-a-function-of-the-7pazmhwv.png FIG. 2. Amplitude function m as a function of the dimensionless temperature T . We observe that the curves decay exponentially for T > δ and flatten out for T < δ. Also, finite chemical potential μ modifies the result only slightly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contour-plot-of-the-amplitude-m-as-a-function-of-aspuzhqg.png FIG. 4. Contour plot of the amplitude m as a function of dimensionless gap δ and dimensionless temperature T for μ = 0. If μ = 0, the upper side of the graph would not be modified much, whereas the lower side of the graph would be. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plots-of-m-for-different-values-of-t-but-fixed-d-we-3nhjj31j.png FIG. 5. Plots of m for different values of T but fixed δ. We have adjusted the scale to visualize all three functions in one plot because of the severe damping in the large-temperature case. We observe that all three functions oscillate with a period 2π for large μ; however, as μ hits the gap δ, the function either keeps oscillating (high temperature T case) or goes to a constant (low temperature case). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amplitude-function-m-as-a-function-of-the-1ws6ksr0.png FIG. 3. Amplitude function m as a function of the dimensionless gap δ. We clearly see that for various values of temperature whenever δ > T the amplitude converges to the same curve characterized by the gap only (that part of the curve also does not depend on the chemical potential as long as μ < δ). https://scispace.com/papers/modification-of-the-ssg-lrr-omega-rsm-for-turbulent-boundary-4ssit0ozih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-mean-velocity-in-the-apg-region-at-uref-35m-s-at-1hp44et5.png Fig. 2 – Left: Mean velocity in the APG region at Uref=35m/s at a large value of Δpx + =0.16 little upstream of incipient separation, including the DNS data by Manhart & Friedrich [4]. Right: Slope of the log-law fit for mild APG (RETTINA II exp.) and strong APG (VicToria exp.). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-geometry-for-victoria-and-rettina-ii-experiment-3vgw5nnf.png Fig. 1 – Left: Geometry for VicToria and RETTINA II experiment mounted to the wind tunnel wall in the AWM. https://scispace.com/papers/modification-of-the-omega-meson-lifetime-in-nuclear-matter-4c4j9y0ua5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-upper-part-the-inelastic-on-cross-section-3qa6lkhs.png FIG. 4 (color online). Upper part: the inelastic ωN cross section extracted from the Glauber analysis (data) in comparison to the inelastic cross section used in the BUU simulation [1,2]. Lower part: width of the ω meson in the nuclear medium in the nuclear rest frame as a function of the ω momentum in a Glauber analysis (squares), from the Giessen BUU model with the inelastic cross section from the upper figure (red dashed line), and after fits to the data of Fig. 2 with the BUU simulation (red solid line) and the Valencia Monte Carlo simulation (blue circle) [3], respectively. Only statistical errors are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/modified-clays-for-barriers-a-review-3et5dpk4d3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effective-solute-diffusion-coefficients-plotted-28su2ln2.png Fig. 4 Effective solute diffusion coefficients plotted against: a ionic strength and b chemico-osmotic efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chemico-osmotic-efficiency-overview-on-modified-clays-1b6gmh8t.png Fig. 3 Chemico-osmotic efficiency overview on modified clays: HYPER clay, MSB, and DPH GCL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-theoretical-modeling-of-the-chemico-1gcq9bzx.png Fig. 5 Comparison of the theoretical modeling of the chemico-osmotic experiments on the HYPER clay and on the untreated clay: validation of the model with experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-hydraulic-conductivity-test-results-of-a-kaolin-clay-2-21fwtkkj.png Fig. 9 Hydraulic conductivity test results of a kaolin clay 2% CMC and 8% CMC, and b dredged sediment and dredged sediment treated with 8% CMC, permeated with natural seawater https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hydraulic-conductivity-of-soil-bentonite-backfills-3eecciwi.png Fig. 6 Hydraulic conductivity of soil-bentonite backfills containing HYPER clays (HC), untreated clays (NG) and MSB plotted here vs. Ca concentration of the permeant solutions containing also 10 mM Na [69, 76] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hydraulic-conductivity-of-cb-containing-untreated-clay-3sj50779.png Fig. 7 Hydraulic conductivity of CB containing untreated clay (Clay in the legend) increased considerably after permeation with an aggressive solution containing sulfates (25 g/L Na2SO4). Conversely, CB containing HYPER clay (HYPER clay in the legend) maintained a very low hydraulic conductivity showing its clear chemical resistance to sulfate attack https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hydraulic-conductivity-to-seawater-of-the-untreated-3p355rci.png Fig. 1 Hydraulic conductivity to seawater of the untreated clay and the HYPER clay https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sorption-isotherms-on-kaolin-and-dredged-sediment-of-a-37dvlien.png Fig. 8 Sorption isotherms on kaolin and dredged sediment of a Cu2? and b Pb2? https://scispace.com/papers/modified-sir-model-applied-to-covid-19-similarity-solutions-56i9pkh13g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-horizontal-curve-is-rz-t-the-top-down-curve-vz-1ahgnw1e.png Figure 6: The horizontal curve is Rz(t), the top-down curve vz(t)/v0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-r-z-and-for-the-world-same-time-interval-as-in-fig-3u9fa6tr.png Figure 3: R(z) and for the world, same time interval as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-figure-reported-data-zn-an-black-dots-for-the-2an3hp1g.png Figure 2: Left figure: reported data {zn,an} (black dots) for the world and associated best fit curve a(z). Right figure: curve t(z) calculated from a(z) with Eq. (16) together with the corresponding reported data {zn, tn}. An exponential curve with the same initial values is entered above it, showing, that z(t) is initially super-exponential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-z-t-for-a-1-5-1-0-5-0-10-in-the-order-from-top-to-3ftqjh0f.png Figure 1: z(t) for A = 1.5 ,1 ,0.5 , 0 ,−10 in the order from top to bottom, the curve for exponential growth being dashed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-figure-reported-data-zn-tn-for-germany-and-3273qlts.png Figure 4: Left figure: reported data {zn, tn} for Germany and associated fit curve t(z). Right figure: curve a(z) calculated from t(z) with Eq. (17) together with the reported data {zn,an}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-figure-reported-data-tn-zn-for-the-world-over-1qsgqgrt.png Figure 5: Left figure: reported data {tn,zn} for the world over a time interval of 128 days, and associated best fit curve z(t). In the shaded areas, z(t) is superexponential. Right figure: Associated parameters A(t) and Rz(t) calculated from z(t) using Eqs. (18) and (23). https://scispace.com/papers/modified-correlation-entropy-estimation-for-a-noisy-chaotic-1t756z9dvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-ce-mce-and-le-vs-embedding-dimension-for-2xymghgk.png FIG. 7. Color online CE, MCE, and LE vs embedding dimension for Mekong data with three different noise levels a for raw data; b for noise reduced by method 1; c for noise reduced by method 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-ce-mce-and-le-vs-embedding-dimension-for-34up785l.png FIG. 5. Color online CE, MCE, and LE vs embedding dimension for Lorenz data with four different noise levels a for clean data; b for =0.5; c for =1.0; and d for =1.5 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-ce-mce-and-le-vs-embedding-dimension-for-19qopo7r.png FIG. 6. Color online CE, MCE, and LE vs embedding dimension for Rössler data with four different noise levels a for clean data; b for =0.5; c for =1.0; and d for =1.5 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-statistics-of-data-sets-used-in-this-study-note-2ulmtyff.png TABLE I. Statistics of data sets used in this study. Note: Under the noise level column, C means that the data set is clean; A/B indicates that A is the added noise level and B is the actual noise level; R indicates that the data set is raw and NR-1 indicates that the data set has been noise reduced by method 1, while NR-2 indicates that the data set has been noise reduced by the method 2. The actual noise level 2=1 /N n=1 N xn− x̄n 2, where xn and x̄n are the clean and noisy time series, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-ce-mce-and-le-vs-embedding-dimension-for-1n9jhv0v.png FIG. 8. Color online CE, MCE, and LE vs embedding dimension for Chao Phraya data with three different noise levels a for raw data; b for noise reduced by method 1; c for noise reduced by method 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-ce-and-mce-vs-radius-r-for-lorenz-data-1kxom4rj.png FIG. 1. Color online CE and MCE vs radius r for Lorenz data embedding dimension m=20, time delay =1 for 0.1 r 0.3; indicates the noise level . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-ce-and-mce-vs-radius-r-for-chao-phraya-3kagc51j.png FIG. 4. Color online CE and MCE vs radius r for Chao Phraya data embedding dimension m=20, time delay =1 for 0.1 r 0.3; NR-1: noise reduced by method 1, NR-2: noise reduced by method 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-ce-and-mce-vs-radius-r-for-mekong-data-1w4mnnwe.png FIG. 3. Color online CE and MCE vs radius r for Mekong data embedding dimension m=20, time delay =1 for 0.1 r 0.3; NR-1: noise reduced by method 1, NR-2: noise reduced by method 2 . https://scispace.com/papers/modular-supervisory-control-of-a-class-of-concurrent-8sgfa3k3tr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-supervision-scheme-qswjeokl.png Fig. 1. Supervision Scheme https://scispace.com/papers/modular-permanent-magnet-machines-with-alternate-teeth-1efdlt7nbs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-radial-air-gap-flux-density-due-to-armature-field-and-3envf208.png Fig. 10 Radial air-gap flux density due to armature field and on-load air-g p flux density of the 12-slot/14-pole modular machine with unwound teeth having tooth tips. Flux gap width is 3 mm. (a) Air-gap flux density due to armature field, (b) spectra, (c) on-load air-gap flux denisty, (d) spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-radial-air-gap-flux-densities-due-to-pms-and-their-vqekaelr.png Fig. 8 Radial air-gap flux densities due to PMs and their spectra of the modular 12-slot/14-pole machine with unwound teeth having tooth tips. The flux gap width is 3 mm. (a) Air-gap flux density due to PMs, (b) Spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-open-circuit-eddy-current-loss-density-distribution-1gqlli2d.png Fig. 9 Open-circuit eddy current loss density distribution within PMs of the 12-slot/14-pole modular machine with unwound teeth having tooth tips. The flux gap width is 3 mm. (a) tooth tip width increase i 1 mm, (b) tooth tip width increase is 5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-illustration-for-pitch-factor-calcualtion-of-modular-1q71g0mx.png Fig. 21 Illustration for pitch factor calcualtion of modular machines with flux gaps and with wound teeth having tooth tips (Ns > 2p). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-open-circuit-flux-line-distributions-the-flux-gap-28yyq8ul.png Fig. 2 Open-circuit flux line distributions. The flux gap width is 3 mm and the rotor position is where the phase A has its peak flux.(a) 12-slot/10-pole with wound teeth having tips, (b) 12-slot/14-pole with unwound teeth having tips. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-predicted-and-measured-phase-back-emfs-of-modular-gmxr58id.png Fig. 16 Predicted and measured phase back-EMFs of modular machines with alternate teeth with tooth tips. (a) phase back-EMFs, (b) spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-machine-parameters-3dxrhiih.png TABLE I MACHINE PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-stator-segments-with-alternate-teeth-having-tooth-37qmyv7x.png Fig. 14 Stator segments with alternate teeth having tooth tips. (a) with wound teeth having tooth tips (12-slot/10-pole type), (b) with unwound teeth having tooth tips (12-slot/14-pole type). https://scispace.com/papers/modulated-spin-liquid-and-magnetic-order-from-a-kondo-3xsqiwo7vy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-spectral-density-in-the-uru2si2-for-a-kmsl-ground-1rh88h23.png FIG. 7. Spectral density in the URu2Si2 for a KMSL ground state (JSL = 11.37 meV and JAF = 0) in the effectively decoupled hightemperature phase (a) atT = 100 K, the Kondo phase (b) atT = 60 K, (c) at T = 25 K, and (d) at T = 20 K, and in the KMSL phase (e) at T = 15 K and (f) at T = 1.44 K. The van Hove singularity appearing in figure (a) is standard for a tight-binding model on a square lattice, and it would coincide with the Fermi level only at electronic half-filling. Here, we precisely chose nc = 0.7 in order to locate the Fermi level sufficiently away from this singularity which has no physical meaning for URu2Si2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-color-online-in-a-the-electronic-band-structure-of-ozo5fm0g.png FIG. 14. (Color online) In (a), the electronic band structure of the KMSL phase in the first Brillouin zone. In this case φ0/TK0 = 0.6, φQ/TK0 = 0.36, ρ/TK0 = 2.99, θ = −π/2, SQ = 0, μ/TK0 = −0.98, and μc/TK0 = −8.8 with T/TK0 = 0.01, JSL/TK0 = 1.84, and JAF/TK0 = 0.05. In figure (b) are plotted the original (solid line) and folded (dashed line) dispersions of the electronic band in the four characteristic directions of the first Brillouin zone. The zoom near the Fermi level (E = 0) is shown in the figure (c). Note the direct gap in the and M points and the gap at the X1 point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-color-online-in-a-the-electronic-band-structure-of-8jyll4v4.png FIG. 13. (Color online) In (a), the electronic band structure of the the f electrons and the conducting electrons (b) in the MSL phase in the first Brillouin zone. In the MSL state φ0/TK0 = 1.14, φQ/TK0 = 1.14,ρ = 0, θ = 0, SQ = 0,μ = 0, andμc/TK0 = −7.10 with T/TK0 = 0.01, JSL/TK0 = 5, and JAF = 0. In figure (c) are plotted the original (solid line) and folded (dashed line) dispersions of the c electron band in the characteristic directions of the first Brillouin zone. The Fermi level is set at E = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-dispersions-of-a-the-paramagnetic-metal-1o40qgvm.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Dispersions of (a) the paramagnetic metal phase, (b) the AF phase, (c) the KMSL phase, (d) the Kondo phase with φ = 0 and with (e) φ = 0, (f) the spinons of the MSL phase, and (g) the KMSL-AF phase in the first Brillouin zone. The solid line represents the Fermi surface at the Fermi level (E = 0). In (e), the hole states are confined between the two solid lines. The similarity between the AF (b) and MSL (c) folded Fermi surfaces is consistent with quantum oscillation experiments realized under pressure [97]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-direct-gap-at-the-x1-point-as-a-function-of-jaf-for-zy66sjy1.png FIG. 6. (a) Direct gap at the X1 point as a function of JAF for the ground state. (b) Direct gap at the X1 point as a function of the temperature in the KMSL state (JAF = 0.31 meV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-in-a-the-electronic-band-structure-of-1ii0ac54.png FIG. 11. (Color online) In (a), the electronic band structure of the Kondo phase φ0 = 0 in the first Brillouin zone. In this case φ0/TK0 = 0.19, φQ = 0, ρ/TK0 = 4.25, θ = −π/2, SQ = 0, μ/TK0 = −0.99, and μc/TK0 = −9.81 with T/TK0 = 0.5, JSL/TK0 = 0.5, and JAF = 0. In figure (b) we plot the original (solid line) and folded (dashed line) dispersions of the electronic band in the four characteristic directions of the first Brillouin zone. The zoom near the Fermi level (E = 0) is shown in figure (c). Note the direct gap in the and M points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-in-a-the-electronic-band-structure-of-1de9hdy1.png FIG. 12. (Color online) In (a), the electronic band structure of the the f electrons and the conducting electrons (b) in the AF phase in the first Brillouin zone. In the AF state φ0 = 0, φQ = 0, ρ = 0, θ = 0, SQ/TK0 = 0.51, μ/TK0 = 0.10, and μc = −7.10 at T/TK0 = 0.01, JSL = 0. and JAF/TK0 = 0.5. In figure (c) are plotted the original (solid line) and the folded (dashed line) dispersions of the c electron band in the characteristic directions of the first Brillouin zone. The zoom near the Fermi level (E = 0) is shown in figure (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-in-a-the-electronic-band-structure-of-22nm7gd0.png FIG. 10. (Color online) In (a), the electronic band structure of the Kondo phase with φ0 = 0 in the first Brillouin zone. In this case φ0 = φQ = 0, ρ/TK0 = 4.40, θ = 0, SQ = 0, μ/TK0 = −0.58, and μc/TK0 = −9.37 with T/TK0 = 0.5, JSL = 0, and JAF = 0. In figure (b) is plotted the original (solid line) and folded (dashed line) dispersions of the electronic band in the four characteristic directions of the first Brillouin zone. The zoom near the Fermi level (E = 0) is shown in the figure (c). Note the direct gap in the and M points. https://scispace.com/papers/modulatory-effects-of-6-carboxymethylthiopurine-on-activated-5ck516i5jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cell-viability-and-proliferation-of-j774a-1-3nzo8ofq.png Figure 4: Cell viability and proliferation of J774A.1 macrophages treated with 6-CMMP. Cells were stimulated with BCG (20 lg ⁄mL) and ⁄ or IFN-c (0.6 ng ⁄mL) and incubated with 125–500 lM 6-CMMP for 48 h. Each bar represents the mean € standard deviation of sextuplicate cultures. Numerical data on the top of the bars represent the percentage of proliferation in comparison with the control. *p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-no-production-by-j774a-1-macrophages-treated-or-not-3d60xmji.png Figure 3: NO production by J774A.1 macrophages treated or not with 6-CMMP. Cells were stimulated with 20 lg ⁄mL BCG or 0.6 ng ⁄mL IFN-c or a combination of both, and incubated with increasing amounts of 6-CMMP (125–500 lM) for 48 h. After incubation, the supernatants were collected and assayed for nitrite determination using the Griess reagent. Each bar represents the mean € standard deviation of sextuplicate cultures. Numerical data on the top of the bars represent the percentage of NO production inhibition in comparison with the non-6-CMMP-treated control. *p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-of-6-carboxymethylthiopurine-6-cmmp-was-a7r7nshu.png Figure 2: Structure of 6-carboxymethylthiopurine. 6-CMMP was synthesized from 6-MPÆH2O as described in the experimental section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-6-mercaptopurine-xhvud18o.png Figure 1: Structure of 6-mercaptopurine. https://scispace.com/papers/modulation-of-neuroplasticity-pathways-and-antidepressant-20ti3v8cqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustrations-showing-brdu-immunopositive-cells-and-b-1h0mwemr.png Fig. 2. Illustrations showing BrdU immunopositive cells and b-catenin-expressing cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of rat hippocampus. Representative photomicrographs of BrdU+ cells in animals treated with (a) vehicle, (b) 3-d RS67333, and (c) 7-d RS67333. (d) RS67333 increased the number of BrdU+ cells in the adult DG after 3-d and 7-d treatment. Note that RS67333 does not alter either the total number of (e) DCX cells or (f) QNPs expressing b-catenin but increases the number of (g) ANPs and (h) Sox2-positive neuroblasts that express b-catenin. Photomicrographs illustrating b-catenin expression in (i) neural progenitors, (j) ANPs and (k) neuroblasts. Data are mean¡S.E.M. of six animals per group. * p<0.05 and ** p<0.01 vs. vehicle group by Student’s t test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-rs67333-treatment-on-b-catenin-expression-in-7aj8y0df.png Fig. 3. Effect of RS67333 treatment on b-catenin expression in the rat hippocampus. Representative photomicrographs of hippocampal b-catenin clusters in animals treated with (a) vehicle, (b) 3-d RS67333, and (c) 7-d RS67333. (d) Treatment with this drug increased the number of cells with b-catenin accumulations in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus (DG) after 3 d. (e) Representative Western blot of b-catenin protein expression in the whole hippocampus (HP). (f) RS67333 significantly increased b-catenin protein expression in whole hippocampus after 3-d and 7-d treatment. Data are mean¡S.E.M. of 5–7 animals per group. * p<0.05 and ** p<0.01 vs. vehicle group by Student’s t test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-rs67333-treatment-on-bdnf-mrna-and-protein-1eev5y9o.png Fig. 4. Effect of RS67333 treatment on BDNF mRNA and protein expression in the rat hippocampus. Representative in-situ hybridization autoradiograms in animals treated for 3 d with (a) vehicle or (b) RS67333, and treated for 7 d with (c) vehicle or (d) RS67333. (e) RS67333 significantly increased BDNF mRNA expression in CA3 field after a 3-d regimen but (f) required 7 d to increase BDNF mRNA in CA1 field and dentate gyrus (DG). (g) Representative Western blot of BDNF protein expression in vehicle and RS67333 groups. (h) RS67333 significantly increased BDNF protein in total cell lysate from hippocampus at 7-d but not 3-d treatment. Data are mean¡S.E.M. of 5–7 animals per group. * p<0.05 and ** p<0.01 vs. vehicle group by Student’s t test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-behavioural-effects-of-3-d-and-7-d-rs67333-treatment-3aqg5gse.png Fig. 1. Behavioural effects of 3-d and 7-d RS67333 treatment on (a) the forced swim test (FST) and (b) the novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) paradigm. (c) Experimental timeline on the sucrose-preference paradigm in rats exposed to chronic corticosterone, and (d) sucrose preference in the corticosterone model (% of sucrose intake vs. total intake). Note that 3-d RS67333 treatment attenuates the depressive-like effect, although after 7 d treatment the behavioural values are comparable to those observed with the classical antidepressant fluoxetine after its chronic administration (see online Supplementary Material). Data are mean¡S.E.M. of 8–9 animals per group. * p<0.05 and ** p<0.01 vs. vehicle group for FST and NSF (Student’s t test). # p<0.05 vs. vehicle group and * p<0.05 vs. corticosterone-treated group for the sucrose preference test after chronic corticosterone administration (one-way ANOVA followed by Student–Newman–Keuls post-hoc test). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-rs67333-treatment-on-the-expression-of-akt-2i0v0p4o.png Fig. 5. Effect of RS67333 treatment on the expression of AKT and CREB in the rat hippocampus. (a) Representative Western blot of AKT, CREB and pCREB protein expression in total cell lysate from hippocampus. (b) Note that RS67333 significantly increased pCREB/CREB ratio after 3 d administration but 7 d were necessary to obtain significant changes in AKT, CREB and pCREB. Data are mean¡S.E.M. of 5–7 animals per group. * p<0.05 vs. vehicle group by Student’s t test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-concentration-response-curves-of-zacopride-induced-2vplkw41.png Fig. 6. Concentration-response curves of zacopride-induced cAMP accumulation in hippocampal membrane homogenates from (a) vehicle (%) and RS67333 (&) animals treated for 3 d, and (b) vehicle (D) and RS67333 (,) animals after 7 d treatment. Data are mean¡S.E.M. of 5–7 animals per group. ** p<0.01 vehicle vs. 7-d RS67333, by Student’s t test. https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-actions-of-hypocholesterolaemic-compounds-from-kfihxnszv8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-reaction-location-within-the-metabolic-1gph67b0.png Table 1: Chemical reaction, location within the metabolic pathway and within the cell of ACAT and SOAT, enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism. M: mitochondrion; ER: endoplasmic reticle; Cy: cytoplasm; PM: plasmatic membrane; ExC: extracellular compartment. +: relative genes abundance https://scispace.com/papers/mogwai-a-framework-to-handle-complex-queries-on-large-models-3rhnh9r9d2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-extract-of-ocl-metamodel-rvdweh40.png Fig. 3. Extract of OCL Metamodel https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ocl-to-gremlin-mapping-23pqcz27.png TABLE I OCL TO GREMLIN MAPPING https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-number-of-loaded-objects-and-result-size-for-3k45jde4.png TABLE III NUMBER OF LOADED OBJECTS AND RESULT SIZE FOR MODISCO AND JDT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ocl-query-syntax-tree-3q9vcfrd.png Fig. 4. OCL Query Syntax Tree https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-overview-of-the-experimental-sets-1kyfrsiy.png TABLE II OVERVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SETS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-generated-gremlin-syntax-tree-b3rad9di.png Fig. 6. Generated Gremlin Syntax Tree https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-metamodel-and-model-124vznlj.png Fig. 1. Sample Metamodel and Model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-extract-of-gremlin-metamodel-5dqr5zig.png Fig. 5. Extract of Gremlin Metamodel https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-dynamics-simulations-of-cluster-impacts-on-4syxzirxfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-time-steps-at-which-the-given-potential-1tyraxm9.png Figure 3. Number of time steps at which the given potential energy per atom was reached for the cu 63-cu system. The solid line represents a least squares fit of a decaying exponential to the simulation result (parameters given in the text) . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-distributions-of-target-atoms-sputtered-by-2ru24jyt.png Figure 2. Energy distributions of target atoms sputtered by 100 fs and 500 fs. The 100 fs spectrum was calculated from trajectories for 300 incident clusters. The 500 fs spectrum is based on 100 incident clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sputtering-yield-vs-initial-location-of-sputtered-cxuqzmxj.png Figure 1. Sputtering yield vs initial location of sputtered atoms for atoms located along the target midlines. Target https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-characterization-of-babesia-kiwiensis-from-the-20vqs97wyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-products-from-the-nested-pcr-specific-to-3qnbz8q4.png FIGURE 1. Products from the nested PCR specific to Leucocytozoon spp. after running in 2% agarose gel (for 30 min with 5 V/cm). S: 1-kb molecular standard, L: normal Leucocytozoon spp. bands, F: false Leucocytozoon spp. bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phylogenetic-tree-constructed-using-partial-18s-h896lzfk.png FIGURE 1. Products from the nested PCR specific to Leucocytozoon spp. after running in 2% agarose gel (for 30 min with 5 V/cm). S: 1-kb molecular standard, L: normal Leucocytozoon spp. bands, F: false Leucocytozoon spp. bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-body-condition-and-infection-vgfsobgf.png FIGURE 1. Products from the nested PCR specific to Leucocytozoon spp. after running in 2% agarose gel (for 30 min with 5 V/cm). S: 1-kb molecular standard, L: normal Leucocytozoon spp. bands, F: false Leucocytozoon spp. bands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-protocol-and-results-of-experiment-4-on-6-6-mg-ml-25edyf5a.png TABLE IV. Protocol and results of Experiment 4 on 6.6-mg/ml dose of valproic acid given in the drinking water* for 10 wk on chronic toxoplasmosis in mice. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-protocol-and-results-of-experiment-3-examining-2-3jm4cqs1.png TABLE III. Protocol and results of Experiment 3 examining 2 doses of valproic acid given intraperitoneally every 12 hr on acute toxoplasmosis in mice. https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-diagnostics-in-periprosthetic-joint-infection-1zcvdu07w9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-use-of-cut-off-values-arbitrarily-chosen-from-1te9czkm.png TABLE I- USE OF CUT-OFF VALUES ARBITRARILY CHOSEN FROM LITERATURE TO DETERMINE QUALITY OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-dissection-of-early-defense-signaling-underlying-2y5revqe4f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-indole-induced-priming-of-jasmonic-acid-and-3n00nzxi.png Figure 5. Indole-induced priming of jasmonic acid and herbivore resistance depends on OsMPK3. 220 (A – E) Average growth rate of Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars feeding on (A) ir-lrr1, (B) ir-221 mpk3, (C) ir-mpk6, (D) ir-wrky70, (E) as-aos1 lines and wild-type (WT) plants that were pre-222 exposed to indole or control (+SE, n=15). (F – J) Average concentrations of herbivore-induced 12-223 oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) in the different transgenic lines and WT plants that were pre-exposed 224 to indole or control dispensers (+SE, n=6). (K – O) Average concentrations of herbivore-induced 225 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-indole-primes-early-defense-signaling-genes-a-3mlun155.png Figure 2. Indole primes early defense signaling genes. (A) Current model of herbivory-induced 142 defense signaling in rice, including leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs), mitogen-143 activated protein kinases (MPKs), WRKY transcription factors, jasmonate biosynthesis genes and 144 oxylipins. (B – E) Effect of indole pre-treatment on the expression of genes coding for the different 145 early signaling steps at different time points after elicitation by wounding and application of 146 Spodoptera frugiperda oral secretions (+SE, n=4-6). OPDA, 12-oxophytodienoic acid; JA, jasmonic 147 acid; JA-Ile, JA-isoleucine. Asterisks indicate significant differences between volatile exposure 148 treatments at different time points (two-way ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons through 149 FDR-corrected LSMeans; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). Genes responding to indole 150 are highlighted in gray. 151 152 Indole primes OsMPK3 accumulation and activation 153 To determine whether transcriptional priming of MPKs is also reflected in protein 154 abundance, we performed western blots using OsMPK3 and OsMPK6-specific 155 antibodies. Protein accumulation of OsMPK3 was primed by indole, leading to higher 156 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlations-between-indole-priming-of-opda-ja-and-11mgo9h2.png Figure 6. Correlations between indole priming of OPDA, JA and herbivore resistance. (A – C) 254 Correlations between the fold changes of herbivore-induced (A) 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), 255 (B) jasmonic acid (JA), and (C) JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) concentrations in indole-exposed plants 256 relative to control-exposed plants and fold changes of S. frugiparda larval performance on indole-257 exposed plants relative to control-exposed plants. Circles denote individual genotypes. R2 and P-258 values of Pearson Product-Moment correlations are shown. 259 260 Discussion 261 HIPVs can regulate plant defenses and increase herbivore resistance in many different 262 plant species. However, how volatiles influence early defense signaling, and whether 263 the resulting increase of defense responsiveness increases herbivore resistance, is not 264 well understood. This study contributes to filling these gaps of knowledge by 265 identifying early defense regulators that are involved in volatile defense priming and 266 plant resistance to herbivory. 267 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-indole-primes-osmpk3-accumulation-and-activation-a-2guk2hch.png Figure 3. Indole primes OsMPK3 accumulation and activation. (A – C) Herbivore-elicited protein 167 accumulation and activation of OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 with (+) or without (-) indole exposure for 168 12 h. Leaves from 6 replicate plants were harvested at indicated times after elicitation. 169 Immunoblotting was performed using an anti-MPK3 antibody for OsMPK3 (A), an anti-MPK6 170 antibody to for OsMPK6 (B), an anti-pTEpY antibody to detect phosphorylated MPKs (C), or an 171 actin antibody as a loading control. Actin was measured on a replicate blot. This experiment was 172 repeated two times with similar results. 173 174 Indole induces OPDA and primes JA 175 To investigate whether the activation of early defense signaling components is 176 associated with higher accumulation of stress-related phytohormones, we quantified 177 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), JA and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), abscisic acid (ABA) 178 and salicylic acid (SA) in indole-exposed and control plants (Figure 4). 179 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-indole-induces-12-oxophytodienoic-acid-opda-and-34jll5t7.png Figure 4. Indole induces 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) and primes jasmonic acid (JA) 181 accumulation. (A – E) Average concentrations of (A) OPDA, (B) JA, (C) JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), 182 (D) abscisic acid (ABA) and (E) salicylic acid (SA) in indole- and control-exposed rice plants at 183 different time points after elicitation (+SE, n=5-6). Plants were exposed to indole for 12 h before 184 elicitation. (F – I) Average concentrations of OPDA, JA, JA-Ile and ABA in rice plants that were 185 exposed to indole for 1 h, 3 h, 6 h or 12 h or control dispensers 90 min after elicitation (+SE, n=5-186 6). SA levels were not measured in this experiment. Asterisks indicate significant differences 187 between treatments (two-way ANOVA followed by pairwise comparisons through FDR-corrected 188 LSMeans; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). 189 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-indole-is-an-herbivore-induced-plant-volatile-that-2nsr10mp.png Figure 1. Indole is an herbivore-induced plant volatile that increases rice resistance to Spodoptera 102 frugiperda larvae at physiological doses. (A) An S. frugiperda caterpillar feeding on a rice leaf. (B) 103 Extracted ion chromatograms of GC/MS headspace analyses of control and S. frugiperda infested 104 rice leaves. m/z = 90 corresponds to a characteristic fragment of indole. (C) Emission rates of indole 105 from rice plants that are attacked by different densities of S. frugiperda caterpillars. The percentage 106 of consumed leaf area relative to total leaf area is indicated on the x-axis (+SE, n=6-8). The release 107 of synthetic indole by custom-made capillary dispensers is shown for comparison. Letters indicate 108 significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA followed by multiple 109 comparisons through FDR-corrected LSMeans). L.O.D., below limit of detection. (D) Average 110 growth rate of S. frugiperda caterpillars feeding on rice plants that were pre-exposed to indole 111 dispensers releasing indole at approx. 21 ng h-1 or control dispensers for 12 h prior to infestation 112 (+SE, n=15). (E) Average consumed leaf area (+SE, n=15). Asterisks indicate significant differences 113 between the volatile exposure treatments (Student’s t-tests, **, P < 0.01). 114 https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-golf-balls-vesicles-from-bowl-shaped-host-3bs5hebegj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electron-micrographs-o-f-a-002-m-dispersion-of-2-1jfthneu.png Fig. 1, Electron micrographs o f a 0,02 m dispersion of 2. Freeze-fracture (magnifica tion 28000 x ) (a) and negative staining technique (magnification 9000 x ) (b). https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-dynamics-simulations-with-replica-averaged-zxh8mhzjrt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ribbon-representation-of-native-state-structure-of-the-12lo1me3.png FIG. 1. Ribbon representation of native state structure of the GS peptide.52, 53 The NOE-like distances used in the calculations (Table I) are shown as blue bonds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shannon-entropy-of-the-ca-rmsd-distribution-and-nqqs49y2.png FIG. 2. Shannon entropy of the Cα-RMSD distribution and percentage of folded structures (RMSD < 2 Å) as a function of the number of replicas. https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-dynamics-studies-of-the-bonding-properties-of-338nk3qz01 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-important-defect-geometries-in-the-sinx-t0sh0lx1.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Important defect geometries in the SiNx layer. (a) The K-defect, where Si is bonded to three N atoms with one dangling bond. (b) The N defect, where N is bonded to two Si atoms with one dangling bond. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-value-of-x-in-sinx-across-the-various-1p6s5ejc.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Value of x in SiNx across the various simulated interfaces. r is the coordinate orthogonal to the interface and the c-Si layer is located at r ¼ 10 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-total-and-partial-bond-densities-in-sinx-usiyxw06.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Total and partial bond densities in SiNx close to the interface with c-Si as a function of nitrogen content (x) in systems with a N gradient. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-defect-concentrations-in-1021-cm3-at-the-gradual-2a3s9ge8.png TABLE III. Defect concentrations, in 1021/cm3, at the gradual interfaces across the x range in SiNx:H. p refers to passivated meaning the defect has a H atom bonded, t refers to total and is passivated plus un-passivated centers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-total-and-partial-bond-densities-in-sinx-m0t2ttcb.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Total and partial bond densities in SiNx close to the clean interface with c-Si as a function of nitrogen content (x). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-upper-total-and-partial-coordination-1kkymore.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Upper: Total and partial coordination numbers for Si and N atoms from simulation. A-B means the number of atoms of B bonded to center A. Lower: Partial coordination numbers from the experimental study of Guraya et al. (Ref. 29) Reprinted with permission from M. M. Guraya, H. Ascolani, G. Zampieri, J. I. Cisneros, J. H. Dias da Silva, and M. P. Cantão, Phys. Rev. B 42, 5677 (1990). Copyright 1990, American Physics Society. nB (A) refers to the number of atoms of B bonded to center A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-total-and-partial-radial-distribution-2q9ivq21.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Total and partial radial distribution functions of a-SiNx samples at values of x from 0.8–1.2. Note that individual RDFs have been offset by 0.5 on the y axis for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-simulation-cell-setups-for-creating-clean-2y48c50u.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Simulation cell setups for creating clean and gradual interfaces. The lines to the right indicate the z coordinates over which atoms are frozen during interface generation. The dark line is c-Si frozen during clean interface generation, the gray line is c-Si frozen during gradual interface generation. The line at the top represents a-SiNx frozen during all simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-dynamics-study-on-the-apo-and-holo-forms-of-5-3zug6jeihf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-representative-cluster-conformations-of-holo-form-of-35i0gg1e.png FIG. 5 (a) Representative cluster conformations of holo-form of 5-LOX with a population higher than 5% at 298 K during the last 50 nSec of simulation. Representative examples of each active site (as1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-structural-model-of-5-lox-dimer-with-its-active-site-18suv7qz.png FIG. 1 (a) Structural model of 5-LOX dimer with its active site highlighted in one of the enzyme monomers https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-radial-distribution-function-between-fe2-and-oxygen-qamzuzt1.png FIG. 6 Radial distribution function between Fe2+ and oxygen atoms of water molecules (blue line) on the two active sites of 5-LOX (as1 on the left and as2 on the right). Running number of water https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-root-mean-square-deviation-of-backbone-atoms-blue-line-x7ku2ljt.png FIG. 3 Root mean square deviation of backbone atoms (blue line) and active site atoms (brown line) of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-histogram-analysis-of-the-angle-between-n-terminal-and-d1igks9z.png FIG. 4 Histogram analysis of the angle between N-terminal and C-terminal catalytic domain (αCMNC-Domain) of (a) apo-form and (b) holo-form of 5-LOX. https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-hydrogen-induces-metabolic-reprogramming-to-2wkfnqlcue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1mn617rh.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-l25yghax.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-27a8bpa8.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-wmfcsnco.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2d2n7ckz.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-35oh8zm1.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-inhomogeneity-and-amplitude-of-scattering-of-the-5709np6h71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-surface-of-the-reduced-lifshitz-points-tl-t-tl-a-37kj0kg2.png Figure 11. Surface of the reduced Lifshitz points T̂L ) T̂(τL) (a) and its contour plot (b) above the plane of parameters (X, U) for the products of the degradation of diblock copolymers of type I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-evolution-of-the-reduced-scattering-intensity-eq-13oh6i6q.png Figure 12. Evolution of the reduced scattering intensity (eq 11), J ) I/{M(a1 - a2)2}, of the products of degradation of diblock copolymers of type I, calculated at values of the parameters X ) 0.3 and U ) 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-surface-portraying-the-dependence-on-composition-80323s34.png Figure 10. Surface portraying the dependence on composition and reduced degradation time of the reduced quantity y* (proportional to the square of the wave vector (eq 21)) at which the spinodal is reached when the degradation of type I diblock copolymers is stopped at time τ. The value of the kinetic parameter U ) 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-plots-equal-height-lines-of-the-size-l-2ktjhts6.png Figure 1. Contour plots (equal height lines) of the size (l)composition (ú ) ú1) distribution (SCD) (eq 44) of degraded diblock copolymers of type III (double Flory distribution) at values of parameter U ) U1 ) k1/(k1 + k2) ) 1/10 and initial composition X ) X1 ) 1/3 at rescaled times (eq 10) τ ) 0 (1), 1.19 (2), 2.38 (3). Darker regions correspond to larger probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dependence-of-t-t-at-the-points-t-tm-solid-line-t-zqx04cqm.png Figure 8. Dependence of T̂(τ) at the points τ ) τm (solid line), τ ) τL (long dashed line), and τ ) 0 (short dashed line) on the composition of diblock copolymers of type I for parameter U ) 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dependence-of-the-reduced-time-of-reaching-the-1lu9a00s.png Figure 7. Dependence of the reduced time of reaching the maximum of the curve T̂(τ), τm (solid line), and the Lifshitz point, τL (dashed line), on the composition (X) for diblock copolymers of type I. The curves were calculated with the parameter U equal to 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-examples-of-surfaces-depicting-the-dependence-of-t-c22kbzy8.png Figure 9. Examples of surfaces depicting the dependence of T̂ on stoichiometric, X, and kinetic, U, parameters for the products of degradation of diblock copolymers of types I, II, and III obtained at values of the reduced degradation time τ ) 4.0 (I), τ ) 1.6 (II), and τ ) 0.18 (III). The trivial and nontrivial spinodal branches are indicated by thin and thick lines, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-dimensional-sections-of-size-l-composition-u-u1-3n7t52nl.png Figure 2. One-dimensional sections of size (l)-composition (ú ) ú1) distribution (SCD) (eq 44), describing the distribution for composition (a) and size (b) of degraded diblock copolymer of type III (double Flory). Values of the parameters U and X and rescaled times τ are the same as those presented in Figure 1, i.e, U ) 1/10, X ) 1/3, and τ ) 0 (1), 1.19 (2), 2.36 (3). https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-mapping-of-genes-and-qtls-in-pigeonpea-3g50axxgjc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1-different-steps-involved-in-discovery-mapping-of-roqbxgj7.png Fig. 6.1 Different steps involved in discovery/mapping of genes/QTLs for different traits and their use for development of improved pigeonpea cultivars https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-3-ngs-platforms-used-for-identification-of-33k5oyzy.png Table 6.3 NGS platforms used for identification of transcripts/genes in pigeonpea https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-systematics-and-phytochemistry-of-rehmannia-3hnuzh1bh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-species-used-in-the-analyses-and-their-8gnx21tt.png Table 1. List of species used in the analyses and their vouchers with locations and their GenBank numbers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-chemical-characters-of-rehmannia-with-1xceubpo.png Table 2. Comparison of chemical characters of Rehmannia with those reported from selected families within Lamiales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-tree-from-the-maximum-likelihood-analysis-of-2xeog3j6.png Fig. 2. Optimal tree from the maximum likelihood analysis of the ITS data set. Numbers above the branches indicate number of inferred character transformations, those below the branches bootstrap percentages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimal-tree-from-the-maximum-likelihood-analysis-of-x94yo2mb.png Fig. 1. Optimal tree from the maximum likelihood analysis of the combined data set, which is identical to the one from the combined cpDNA analysis. Numbers above the branches indicate number of inferred character transformations, those below the branches bootstrap percentages (combined analysis/cpDNA analysis). https://scispace.com/papers/molecular-simulations-of-supercritical-fluid-permeation-29z2akfo45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-properties-of-cs1000a-and-cs1000-models-3gssjnar.png Table 1: Structural properties of CS1000a and CS1000 models.? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-snapshots-of-cs1000a-and-cs1000-cubic-unit-1p9hlv60.png Figure 2: (a), (b) Snapshots of CS1000a and CS1000 cubic unit cells respectively (2.5 nm). Carbon and hydrogen atoms appear in cyan and grey respectively. (c) Pore size distributions of CS1000a (red solid line) and CS1000 (black dashed line). The vertical black solid line indicates the diameter of CH4 molecules. Inset figure: Radial distribution functions of CS1000a (red solid line) and CS1000 (black dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lennard-jones-potential-parameters-2f8o1q06.png Table 2: Lennard-Jones potential parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-of-the-contribution-from-temperature-and-21rwp3vk.png Table 3: Estimation of the contribution from temperature and pressure on the permeability of CS1000a. P∗e was computed assuming the molar flux is given by the product of the interstitial fluid concentration c and their mean velocity ν in the flow direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-dcv-gcmd-method-in-our-4q8c3sek.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of DCV-GCMD method. In our simulations the membrane thickness stands as one CS1000a unit cell: l = 2.5nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-downstream-pressure-dependence-of-the-2yhbs11a.png Figure 3: (a) Downstream pressure dependence of the permeability of CS1000a at T = 150 ◦C for two fixed pressure gradients: ∆p = 10 bar (black hollow squares, dashed black line) and ∆P = 25 bar (red dots, solid red line). The lines stand for the theoretical predictions (eq ??) with a correction factor adjusted to 0.85. Inset: data obtained for CS1000 in the same conditions and ∆P= 25 bar. The dashed line is a guide for the eye. (b) Temperature dependence of the permeability of CS1000a (red dots, solid red line) and CS1000 (black hollow squares, dashed line) for pu = 50 bar and pd = 25 bar. The lines show the fits of the Arrhenius equation (see eq ??). https://scispace.com/papers/monetary-policy-and-exchange-rate-interactions-in-a-small-25ppxidgim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-excess-returns-2xs0k889.png Fig. 3. Excess returns https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-response-to-a-monetary-policy-shock-using-the-3pkrnlb4.png Fig. 2. Response to a monetary policy shock, using the structural VAR, quarterly data Note: The dotted lines are probability bands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficient-estimates-on-response-in-the-osebx-from-gw9rl80k.png Table 3. Coefficient estimates on response in the OSEBX from event study, t-value in parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variance-decomposition-the-contribution-of-monetary-t7pmomhv.png Table 1. Variance decomposition: the contribution of monetary policy shocks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-response-to-a-monetary-policy-shock-using-the-2j9d3a46.png Fig. 5. Response to a monetary policy shock using the structural VAR, monthly data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-coefficient-estimates-on-the-response-in-the-euro-35qmm3sp.png Table 2. Coefficient estimates on the response in the euro/NOK exchange rate from event study, t-value in parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-response-to-a-monetary-policy-shock-using-the-cholesky-4rztle5f.png Fig. 1. Response to a monetary policy shock, using the Cholesky and the Kim and Roubini identifying restrictions, quarterly data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-robustness-response-in-the-real-exchange-rate-in-vikv7wcj.png Fig. 4. Robustness: response in the real exchange rate (in percentage) to a monetary policy shock using augmented structural VARs, quarterly data Note: The dotted lines are probability bands based on the baseline structural VAR (from Figure 2). https://scispace.com/papers/money-and-the-measurement-of-total-factor-productivity-1p9xh4kvhp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u-s-real-currency-and-deposits-3f1lj9bj.png Figure 1: U.S. Real Currency and Deposits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-of-currency-and-deposits-to-net-assets-4-lpfkqgf6.png Figure 2: Ratio of Currency and Deposits to Net Assets 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometric-mean-productivity-annual-percentages-1khp96d5.png Table 1: Geometric Mean Productivity, Annual Percentages https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-factor-productivity-corporate-and-3oin6b96.png Figure 3: Total Factor Productivity, Corporate and Noncorporate Sectors https://scispace.com/papers/money-supply-interest-rate-liquidity-and-share-prices-a-test-4pys4ieeqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-estimation-using-single-equation-2qwpdmkt.png Table 3: Results of Estimation Using Single Equation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-variables-used-in-36xaiw6i.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics of the variables used in tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-theoretical-relations-identified-in-our-models-o1rtvl42.png Figure 1: Theoretical Relations Identified in our Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-causality-test-results-1nmz4ayi.png Table 2: Summary of Causality Test Results https://scispace.com/papers/monetary-policy-for-inattentive-economies-52v0m8smog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impact-of-a-markup-shock-under-the-optimal-policy-2kicie91.png Figure 2. Impact of a markup shock under the optimal policy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impact-of-a-demand-shock-with-price-level-or-39krxsmh.png Figure 1. Impact of a demand shock with price level or inflation targeting https://scispace.com/papers/monitoring-in-a-virtualized-environment-15dngxpfgr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-it-infrastructure-monitoring-perspectives-1uo5wwbk.png Fig. 1. IT Infrastructure Monitoring Perspectives https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-monitoring-data-collector-details-waa6u708.png Fig. 3. Monitoring Data Collector Details https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-monitoring-framework-architecture-2zq7jwj0.png Fig. 2. Monitoring Framework Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/mono-and-cocultures-of-bronchial-and-alveolar-epithelial-1n1q05y6b9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-epithelial-transport-of-bd-across-a-monocultures-of-xrnsyo4q.png Figure 6. Epithelial transport of BD across a) monocultures of hAEpC, b) co-cultures of hAEpC & AM (n=4, hAEpC and AM were isolated form the same patients) in the absence and presence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-il-8-expression-level-in-cultures-of-hbe-2676xw9b.png Figure 3. Changes in IL-8 expression level in cultures of hBE, hBE & ASM and ASM cells (n=5, hBE and ASM were isolated form the same patients) in the absence and presence of TGFβ (24 hours stimulation, 1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-changes-in-a-il-6-and-b-il-8-expression-level-in-x5wsiz8z.png Figure 7. Changes in a) IL-6 and b) IL-8 expression level in cultures of hAEpC and hAEpC & AM in the absence of TGF-β (black bars), following 24 hours stimulation with TGF-β (10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sal-induced-camp-in-culture-of-airway-smooth-muscle-1ipsj23y.png Figure 4. SAL-induced cAMP in culture of airway smooth muscle cells (mono- and co-culture setups) (n=5, hBE and ASM were isolated form the same patients) in the absence and presence of TGF-β (24 hours stimulation, 10 ng/ml). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-epithelial-transport-of-salbutamol-sal-across-a-3afsd09f.png Figure 2. Epithelial transport of Salbutamol (SAL) across: A) monocultures of hBE (n=12), B) co-cultures of hBE & ASM cells (n=5, hBE and ASM were isolated form the same patients) in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-teer-and-b-paracellular-permeability-values-of-2fn93x24.png Figure 1. a) TEER and b) paracellular permeability values of the mono- and co- culture of hBE and hBE & ASM cells to flu-Na, (n=5, hBE and ASM were isolated from the same patients) in https://scispace.com/papers/monitoring-norms-a-multi-disciplinary-perspective-3csy2kk873 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-mas-architectures-with-norm-monitoring-3w01by39.png Figure 2 Example MAS architectures with norm monitoring. Monitors are highlighted with ovals. (a) e-contract monitoring (Modgil et al., 2015); (b) Monitoring in the GOI sociotechnical system (Noriega et al., 2013); (c) Distributed exception monitoring and diagnosis (Kafali and Torroni, 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-screenshot-of-the-common-run-time-monitor-for-28pbjeon.png Figure 4 A screenshot of the ComMon run-time monitor for multi-agent commitments. Each row in the Output area shows a commitment over time; the coloured bars show the state of the commitment. The right-hand area shows the history of events, both environmental events (e.g. clock tick) and agent events (messages and actions). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-norms-and-their-features-1pfponbe.png Table 1 Types of norms and their features https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dimensions-defining-how-to-monitor-2fi25le4.png Figure 3 Dimensions defining how to monitor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dimensions-defining-what-to-monitor-7wbf6rww.png Figure 1 Dimensions defining what to monitor https://scispace.com/papers/monographia-equisetorum-autore-j-milde-4i8q61havy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-17-34cirfyz.png Fig. 1—17. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-27-2p9jfrud.png Fig. 25—27. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-22-3dzqc4bd.png Fig. 1-22. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-15-3dlh5xm2.png Fig. 1—15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-10-2u1ehm1o.png Fig. 1—10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-18-2ycq0cas.png Fig. 1—18. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-38-2wxco9px.png Fig. 25—38. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-18-3s4z31cu.png Fig. 14—18. https://scispace.com/papers/monopolistic-competition-and-different-wage-setting-systems-5amvsj25rz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-institutions-and-social-x9u99y4z.png Table 4 Correlations between institutions and social expenditure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unemployment-vs-relative-index-of-collective-3iiqimok.png Figure 1. Unemployment vs relative index of collective bargaining. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-social-expenditure-and-the-tax-structure-1jyt3y4h.png Table 3 Social expenditure and the tax structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pib-per-capita-vs-relative-index-of-collective-2ipz34mz.png Figure 4. PIB per capita vs Relative index of collective bargaining https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rigidities-and-institutions-30o2orr1.png Table 2 Rigidities and institutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-product-market-regulation-vs-relative-index-of-1pm0agij.png Figure 3. Product market regulation vs relative index of collective bargaining. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-goverment-ec-ciency-vs-relative-index-of-collective-e2k3jrv7.png Figure 2. Goverment e¢ ciency vs relative index of collective bargaining. https://scispace.com/papers/monte-carlo-analysis-of-stress-directed-phase-segregation-in-1xag30ef8e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-representation-of-the-geometry-of-the-29sax1xa.png FIG. 1. a Schematic representation of the geometry of the simulation domain showing cylindrical intenders applied at top and bottom surfaces. b Instantaneous hydrostatic stress field within an xz-cross section of the simulation domain. Dark shade represents compression while light shade denotes tension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-morphological-evolution-as-a-function-of-total-switch-276ssdyl.png FIG. 3. Morphological evolution as a function of total switch attempts for two annealing processes of an initially homogenous solid solution. A atoms are black and B atoms light gray. Left side: isothermal anneal at T =0.35. Right side: variable temperature anneal 0.35 T 0.82. From top to bottom, the images on each row are taken at: 0 T =0.82 , 2.5 107 T =0.82 , 2.5 108 T =0.82 , 5.5 108 T =0.55 , 1.2 109 T =0.35 , 5.0 109 T =0.35 , and 1.1 1010 T =0.35 switch attempts, respectively. The quoted temperatures correspond to the variable temperature anneal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-patterning-extent-as-a-function-of-total-identity-19mteryx.png FIG. 2. a Patterning extent as a function of total identity switch attempts: i T =0.35, ii T =0.59, iii T =0.82, and iv nonisothermal anneal with 0.35 T 0.82. b Phase diagram for binary LJ alloy with parameters defined in Table I. Dashed isothermal and solid variable temperature path lines represent corresponding compositional evolution pathway of the matrix phase away from the indenters. https://scispace.com/papers/monte-carlo-simulations-of-microchannel-plate-detectors-i-3i409wsqzt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-wu-q775j37f.png Figure 5. Wu https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-wu-2yqkjz5l.png Figure 6. Wu https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wu-tujgddc5.png Figure 1. Wu https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-wu-3fi3wa1f.png Figure 2. Wu https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mcp-parameters-used-in-monte-carlo-simulations-2vjeaifl.png Table 1. MCP parameters used in Monte Carlo simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-wu-l7l61uof.png Figure 7. Wu https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-wu-2fg8qvt6.png Figure 4. Wu https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wu-mh8tnhd4.png Figure 3. Wu https://scispace.com/papers/monthly-pass-through-ratios-1mh39t9b4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pass-through-ratio-2sr6oqv5.png Figure 6: Pass-Through Ratio https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pass-through-ratio-full-panel-no-real-time-2003-1-142396yv.png Figure 3: Pass-Through Ratio Full Panel (no real time) 2003:1 2008:1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-analysis-12otf3uc.png Table 1: Correlation Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pass-through-ratios-3gywx6y2.png Figure 7: Pass-Through Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pass-through-ratios-from-2003-12-to-2008-4-real-time-14ivke6c.png Table 2: Pass-Through Ratios from 2003:12 to 2008:4 (real time full panel) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pass-through-ratio-full-panel-real-time-2003-12-to-1kgowk5q.png Figure 2: Pass-Through Ratio Full Panel (real time) 2003:12 to 2008:4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pass-through-ratios-robustness-tests-2zu1cs2x.png Table 3: Pass-Through Ratios (robustness tests) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prices-pass-through-ratio-and-import-price-shock-3ijs2l2b.png Figure 1: Prices, Pass-Through Ratio, and Import Price Shock https://scispace.com/papers/monte-carlo-dose-calculations-of-shielding-disks-with-fo2vs2ohbj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-of-the-mobetron-1000-geometry-as-3q72mtzz.png Fig. 1. Schematic overview of the Mobetron 1000 geometry as modeled with BEAMn 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pdd-and-dose-profile-of-gafchromic-film-measurements-3izd0co3.png Fig. 4. PDD and dose profile of gafchromic film measurements compared with MC simulations of the 12 MeV with the 5.5 cm diameter of the flat applicator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectrum-of-nominal-energy-12-mev-electrons-which-emit-10safqps.png Fig. 5. Spectrum of nominal energy 12 MeV electrons, which emit from electron source in MC model of Mobetron 1000. Move it to supplementary material as asked by the editor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pdd-measurements-of-the-12-mev-electron-beam-with-the-148fzzop.png Fig. 3. PDD measurements of the 12 Mev electron beam with the flat applicator (5.5 cm diameter) using gafchromic films with its uncertainties and different detectors (Roos champer, Diamond, Diode-E, 0.125 cm3 Semiflex chamber). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-illustrates-the-pdds-of-gafchromic-films-in-the-actual-2jzdtwwf.png Fig. 6 illustrates the PDDs of gafchromic films in the actual treatment set-up for the four shielding disk types. The measurements of gafchromic films stop at 36 mm depth due to the presence of the shielding disk. The PDDs of gafchromic films at the borders of the shielding disks are 107%, 105% and 105% for the Al/Pb, Al/Steel and Al/Cu disks respectively, and 94% for the PMMA/Cu/PMMA shielding disk. MC PDDs show that all the simulated shielding types, if they are positioned at the 90% isodose depth, had the required thickness to minimize the dose percentage of the primary radiation down to less than 2%. Furthermore, most of the backscattering radiation from high-Z material is absorbed by the upper layer. PDDs of the MC at the surface entrance disks are 103%, 102% and 102% for the Al/Pb, Al/Steel and Al/Cu disks respectively, and 95% for the PMMA/Cu/PMMA shielding disk. All simulations of the shielding disk types have statistical uncertainty inside the field of less than 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-setup-of-gafchromic-film-measurement-1-the-applicator-2dvvgfjj.png Fig. 2. Setup of gafchromic film measurement: 1: the applicator, 2: water phantom, 3: the gafchromic film stands vertically between the applicator and shielding disk, 4; the 6 mm PMMA/3 mm Cu/1 mm PMMA shielding disk. https://scispace.com/papers/moral-exclusion-and-the-justification-of-u-s-6n3mqckk7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-corpus-of-speeches-16hl5mkc.png Table 1 Corpus of Speeches https://scispace.com/papers/moral-identity-predicts-doping-likelihood-via-moral-2xfqkab78q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-alpha-coefficients-and-zero-18yj8pfb.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics, Alpha Coefficients, and Zero-Order Correlations (N = 398) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-effects-of-moral-identity-on-doping-likelihood-ws76e4fd.png Figure 1. The Effects of Moral Identity on Doping Likelihood and the Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement and Anticipated Guilt. Note. The values presented are the unstandardized regression coefficients. A solid line represents a significant relationship. ** p < .01, *** p < .001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-direct-and-indirect-effects-on-moral-disengagement-iy6c1g1r.png Table 2. Direct and Indirect Effects on Moral Disengagement, Guilt Doping and Likelihood (N = 398) https://scispace.com/papers/more-flexibility-in-representing-geometric-distortion-in-m6gh77lt4c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-method-of-pv-to-sip-conversion-2vf33mjv.png Figure 1. Flow chart of method of PV to SIP conversion. https://scispace.com/papers/more-rapid-14c-excursions-in-the-tree-ring-record-a-record-58hhbo6b5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plot-of-14c-age-vs-calibrated-age-for-the-period-ylg049n5.png Figure 4 Plot of 14C age vs. calibrated age for the period 1000–500 BC. The points shown are from University of Washington (red squares), Queen’s University of Belfast (green triangles), Park et al. (2017) (open red circles), and our new results (sequoia: solid blue circles). Data from Washington and Belfast were obtained from the IntCal database (http://intcal.qub.ac.uk/intcal13/). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-increase-in-d14c-for-the-sequoia-32rgkpoa.png Figure 3 Comparison of the increase in Δ14C for the sequoia samples and the 5480 BC event (Miyake et al. 2017a). The Δ14C results from sequoia beginning at 835 BC are plotted with an offset of +90‰ to compared the two plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-d14c-results-from-sequoia-and-rhdxs5fv.png Figure 2 Comparison of the Δ14C results from sequoia and Japanese cedar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-details-of-the-d14c-measured-in-sequoia-from-835-to-2f7lhnqp.png Figure 1 Details of the Δ14C measured in sequoia from 835 to 778 BC in this study. The red squares are raw data from the University of Washington (WU) and Queen’s University of Belfast (green triangles). Data from Washington and Belfast were obtained from the IntCal database (http://intcal.qub.ac.uk/intcal13/). (See online version for color figures.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-d14c-vs-calibrated-age-for-the-period-1000-l3a5hy3d.png Figure 5 Plot of Δ14C vs. calibrated age for the period 1000–500 BC. The points shown are from University of Washington (solid red squares), Queen’s University of Belfast (solid green triangles), Park et al. (2017) (open red circles), and our new results (solid blue circles). Data from Washington and Belfast were obtained from the IntCal database (http://intcal.qub.ac.uk/intcal13/). https://scispace.com/papers/more-is-less-connectivity-in-fractal-regions-n0h7ey41bo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-similarity-transformations-defined-by-their-mbwwg8qg.png Fig. 1: Left: Similarity transformations defined by their action on the directed line segment v. Points A, B, C and D lie on a circle, subtending angle 2θ from the centre. Right: Construction of F̃2(π/6) (Koch curve) by repeated action of S21 and S22 on v. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-full-connection-probability-for-f2-th-top-and-f3-th-35ui1o2r.png Fig. 3: Full connection probability for F2(θ) (top) and F3(θ) (bottom) fractals as a function of node density ρ, for values of θ shown in the key. The horizontal axis is logarithmic and the vertical axis double logarithmic, so that Eq. 12 predicts straight lines of slope D/2 for high density, which are given for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-networks-r-5-left-column-f2-0-4-top-and-f2-0-7-2mds1eqv.png Fig. 2: Typical networks (ρ = 5). Left column: F2(0.4) (top) and F2(0.7) (bottom). Right column: F3(0.3) (top) and F3(0.5) (bottom). Dimensions as found from Eqs. (2, 3) are 1.13, 1.63, 1.13, 1.50 respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/more-room-for-cohousing-in-the-united-states-understanding-2xjrqjp77l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nevada-city-cohousing-in-california-source-www-2i7a4t99.png Figure 4. Nevada City cohousing in California. Source: www.nccoho.org. Used with permission from CoHousing Solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-us-cohousing-residents-compared-88xgfllc.png Table 1. Characteristics of US cohousing residents compared to US general population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sample-characteristics-compared-to-us-population-3srywoqk.png Table 2. Sample characteristics compared to US population. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-cohousing-in-the-survey-sua72uyl.png Figure 1. Description of cohousing in the survey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variables-and-their-order-of-entry-in-the-regression-390awcki.png Table 4. Variables and their order of entry in the regression modeling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-adoption-decision-indicators-n30fml9w.png Table 3. Correlations between adoption decision indicators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-final-regression-models-2qifi8oz.png Table 5. Final regression models. https://scispace.com/papers/morpho-physiological-responses-of-alamo-switchgrass-during-55y5xjohgc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-growth-responses-of-alamo-switchgrass-germinated-under-1xz4qux8.png Fig. 3 Growth responses of Alamo switchgrass germinated under salinity (NaCl) or water stress (PEG). (a) Root length, (b) aerial part length and (c) seedlings at 10, 20 and 28 days after sowing (DAS). White, grey and black symbols correspond to control, NaCl and PEG treatment, respectively. Water potentials (Ψw): 0.0 MPa (○), -0.8 MPa (□), -1.0 MPa (∆) and -1.2 MPa (◊). Values represent the mean ± SE of twenty replicates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-vigor-index-of-alamo-switchgrass-as-a-response-of-the-48la5ntx.png Fig. 4 Vigor index of Alamo switchgrass as a response of the germination and growth seedling under salinity (NaCl) or water stress (PEG), expressed as % of the control taken as 100 %. Different letters indicate significant differences (P <0.05) between treatments according to Duncan test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-anatomical-responses-of-alamo-switchgrass-during-early-29sjiykx.png Fig. 5 Anatomical responses of Alamo switchgrass during early stage under salinity (NaCl) or water stress (PEG). 0.0 MPa control (a, b), -0.8 MPa NaCl (c, d) and -0.8 MPa PEG (e, f) treatments. Cross-sections of roots (a, c and e) showing the central cylinder and the inner cortex, u-shaped endodermis cell wall (black arrows), the protxylem walls (red arrows) under salinity (c) and water stress (e). Cross-sections of the first leaf (b, d and f) showing thickening of abaxial cuticle under salinity (d) and water stresses (f) (green https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-final-germination-percentage-of-alamo-switchgrass-the-2d3fs34e.png Fig. 1 Final germination percentage of Alamo switchgrass. The seeds germinated under different water potentials, salinity (NaCl) or water stress (PEG). Values represent the mean ± SE of four replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences (P <0.05) between treatments according to Duncan test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-courses-of-percentage-germination-of-alamo-rtqjt64z.png Fig. 2 Time courses of percentage germination of Alamo switchgrass in response to salinity (NaCl) and water stress (PEG). White, grey and black symbols correspond to control, NaCl and PEG treatment, respectively. Water potentials (Ψw): 0.0 MPa (○), -0.8 MPa (□), -1.0 MPa (∆) and -1.2 MPa (◊). Horizontal dotted line indicates the 50 % germination. After 28 days, un-germinated seeds were transferred to distilled water to study the recovery of germination during 7 days under the same temperature and light regimes. Vertical dotted line (day 28) indicates the start recovery period. Values represent the mean ± SE (error bars) of four replicates https://scispace.com/papers/morphological-parameters-of-flat-epithelial-atypia-fea-in-10vagnny56 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-the-final-histological-outcomes-3i5cqqm2.png Table 1 Distribution of the final histological outcomes after surgical excision and percentages of malignancy according to the VANCB-reviewed histological diagnoses among 589 study cases of pure or associated FEA. Heterogeneity p value <0.0001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-several-fea-and-lin-related-variables-u6041olj.png Table 4 Frequency of several FEA- and LIN-related variables among 90 patients with a VANCB diagnosis of FEA associated with L IN according to histological outcome at surgical excision (malignant yes/no). ORs from logistic analyses (95 % CIs and p values) for each variable as estimate of malignant breast cancer risk are also reported https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distribution-of-190-patients-with-a-vancb-diagnosis-1n2rlp28.png Table 2 Distribution of 190 patients with a VANCB diagnosis of pure FEA according to the final histological outcome at surgical excision (malignancy yes/no) and several FEA-related variables. ORs from logistic analyses (95 % CIs and p values) for each variable as estimate of malignant breast cancer risk are also reported based on a model including terms for age and grade of cytological atypia of FEA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-percentage-distribution-of-the-histological-types-and-16ebh2if.png Fig. 5 Percentage distribution of the histological types and grade (nuclear grade for DCIS and histological grade for invasive carcinomas) of malignancies, as diagnosed at surgical excision, according to VANCB diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-frequency-of-several-fea-related-variables-among-589-r8xw9nl5.png Table 6 Frequency of several FEA-related variables among 589 patients with a mention of FEA in the VANCB diagnosis (pure FEA or FEA associated with ADH or LIN or ADH + LIN) according to histological outcome after surgical excision (malignant yes/no). ORs from logistic analyses (95 % CIs and p values) for each variable as estimate of malignant breast cancer risk are also reported https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-several-fea-and-adh-related-variables-2ovoo0or.png Table 3 Frequency of several FEA- and ADH-related variables among 275 patients with a VANCB diagnosis of combined FEA and ADH according to histological outcome at surgical excision (malignant yes/no). ORs from logistic analyses (95 % CIs and p values) for each variable as estimate of malignant breast cancer risk are also reported https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-frequency-of-several-fea-adh-and-lin-related-e8hsdvu8.png Table 5 Frequency of several FEA-, ADH- and LIN-related variables among 34 patients with a ANCB diagnosis of FEA associated with ADH and LIN according to histological outcome after surgical excision (malignant yes/no). ORs from logistic analyses (95 % CIs and p values) for each variable as estimate of malignant breast cancer risk are also reported https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pure-flat-epithelial-atypia-dilated-acinar-unit-lined-3u58sq84.png Fig. 1 Pure flat epithelial atypia: dilated acinar unit lined by a single cell layer of columnar epithelial cells that show mild cytological atypia characterized by relatively round and monotonous nuclei https://scispace.com/papers/morphological-component-analysis-for-sparse-regularization-41ny1ihs60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b-mode-images-for-1-pw-insonification-computed-on-1yq3hcid.png Figure 2 B-mode images for 1 PW insonification computed on the simulated contrast phantom reconstructed with (a) DAS and (b) the proposed approach, and on the simulated resolution phantom reconstructed with (c) DAS and (d) the proposed approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-contrast-b-axial-resolution-and-c-lateral-14xiwn55.png Figure 1 (a) Contrast, (b) axial resolution and (c) lateral resolution on simulated (solid line) and experimental (dashed line) PICMUS datasets for the classical DAS (blue cross) and the proposed method (red circle) for 1, 3 and 11 PWs. https://scispace.com/papers/morphological-parameters-of-spitzer-survey-of-stellar-f2kbxxw7ve 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-distribution-of-the-3-6mm-morphological-parameters-31e19u4v.png Figure 16. Distribution of the 3.6μm morphological parameters color-coded with the 〈A1〉o parameter from Zaritsky et al. (2013)), where available. The full S4G morphological sample is marked with gray crosses for reference. The dashed lines are as in Figure 15. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-residual-after-subtracting-the-concentration-m20-gwi4hkjt.png Figure 14. Residual after subtracting the concentration–M20 relations in Equations (9) at 3.6μm (left panel) and 10 for 4.5μm (right panel) as a function of global galaxy color from J.-C. Munoz-Mateos et al. (in preparation). Points are color coded by HyperLEDA type (Paturel et al. 2003). The color range for the S4G is galaxies is very narrow. Those with extreme colors have few outliers and those with large residuals have typical colors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-distribution-of-the-3-6mm-morphological-parameters-2ooukgw0.png Figure 15. Distribution of the 3.6μm morphological parameters color-coded by the 〈A1〉i parameter from Zaritsky et al. (2013), where available. The full S4G morphological sample is marked with gray crosses for reference. Dashed lines are the merger/interaction criteria. Subpanels (a), (c), (f), and (j): the GM criterion (Equation (16)). Subpanel (b): the G–M20 criterion from Lotz et al. (2004) (Equation (14). Subpanel (d): the G–A criterion from Lotz et al. (2004) (Equation (15)). Subpanels (d)–(f): the horizontal line is the A > 0.38 criterion from Conselice (2003) (Equation (13)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-galaxy-types-in-our-sample-of-2349-300qfwl8.png Figure 1. Distribution of galaxy types in our sample of 2349 galaxies from S4G. Early types (t < 0) are underrepresented in S4G. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-galaxy-distance-d-vrad-h0-of-our-4lp68nls.png Figure 2. Distribution of galaxy distance (d = vrad/h0) of our sample of 2349 galaxies from S4G. Radial velocities are from the NASA Extragalactic Database, where available, which means that some distances are negative. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-distribution-of-morphological-parameters-in-the-3-3uftr449.png Figure 13. Distribution of morphological parameters in the 3.6μm data of the 104 Arp galaxies in our sample. Dashed lines are the selection criteria (Equations (13) and (14)) for disturbed galaxies: the asymmetry–smoothness criterion from Conselice (2003) (Equation (13)), the Gini–M20 criterion from Lotz et al. (2004) (Equation (14)), and the GM and concentration–M20 criteria from Holwerda et al. (2011a) (Equations (16) and (18), respectively). Only the Gini–M20 criterion selects a sizable number of Arp atlas galaxies based on their S4G morphologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-spearman-ranking-of-the-relation-between-hubble-9flh94cf.png Table 2 The Spearman Ranking of the Relation between Hubble Type or Stellar Mass and the Morphological Parameters in Either the 3.6μm or 4.5μm Images for Our Full Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relation-between-asymmetry-and-smoothness-for-3-6-3q7rdpq2.png Figure 4. Relation between asymmetry and smoothness for 3.6 (left) and 4.5μm (right) for S4G galaxies. The dashed line is asymmetry–smoothness equality, a prerequisite for interaction from Conselice (2003) for interacting systems (Equation (13)). Galaxies above this dashed line and with asymmetry greater than A = 0.4 are candidates for ongoing or recent interactions. https://scispace.com/papers/morphology-and-mechanical-properties-of-nanostructured-38oecpsm97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tg-and-kic-values-11eyt4gk.png Table 1. Tg and KIC values. https://scispace.com/papers/morphology-and-kinetics-of-phase-separating-transparent-4gv04923k6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-scattering-profiles-of-a-phase-separating-mixture-2twanz0a.png Figure 6. Scattering profiles of a phase-separating mixture with cc ) 6.3 and cp ) 0.18 wt % as projected on a screen and recorded by a CCD camera. After ca. 30 min, sedimentation distorts the SALS ring. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-double-logarithmic-plot-of-a-scattering-peak-3ae52ym7.png Figure 8. Double-logarithmic plot of (A) scattering peak position kmax(t) for two mixtures with cc/cp ) 72 with asymptotic power-law coarsening with æ ) 0.12 and 0.45 and (C) peak height Imax(t) for two mixtures with cc/cp ) 44 with asymptotic power-law growth with ψ ) 0.069 and 0.35. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-diagram-of-xanthan-pfa-mixtures-in-terms-of-1qgxuwf1.png Figure 2. Phase diagram of xanthan/PFA mixtures in terms of weight fractions of colloid, cc, and polymer, cp. The dashed line shows the approximate location of the binodal with stable mixtures to the left (closed symbols) and phase-separating mixtures to the right (open symbols). Drawn, numbered lines indicate various dilution lines. The critical point is indicated by x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-evolution-of-the-turbidity-for-mixtures-with-a-g2h5htrh.png Figure 3. Time evolution of the turbidity for mixtures with a fixed cc/cp ratio of 44. The dotted line indicates τr ) 0.1. The two lowestconcentration samples start sedimenting after tg ) 1650 and 2250 s. The third sample does not sediment within 3090 s. https://scispace.com/papers/motion-planning-and-reactive-control-on-learnt-skill-2yzfew1z7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-the-nao-humanoid-robot-used-a-physical-robot-and-1tihslbh.png Figure 4.8: The Nao humanoid robot used, (a) physical robot and (b) skeleton model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2-evaluation-table-the-projected-states-rmse-is-16g1j2ft.png Table 6.2: Evaluation table. The projected states RMSE is evaluated against ground truth data that is generated from the numerical optimization procedure. Results are averaged over 50 trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-8-an-example-planned-trajectory-the-unperturbed-jkwm1fab.png Figure 6.8: An example planned trajectory. The unperturbed trajectory appears as a dashed line. The perturbation pushes the state away from the planned trajectory (red line). The solid blue line, originating at the point when the perturbation ceases (red star), is the replanned trajectory that extends from the projected state point and ends at the goal position. Inset plot : Example joint space trajectories including a large perturbation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-4-comparison-of-the-two-methods-by-altering-the-2ep4pikp.png Figure 7.4: Comparison of the two methods by altering the starting positions of the trajectories. The novel starting positions are chosen on a large (` = 0.1) cube around a start point of one demonstrated trajectories. (a) Generated trajectories from the manifold model. All (27) trajectories reach the target in a manner qualitatively similar to the demonstration data. The blue arrows are evaluations of the tangent space in the ambient space of the manifold. (b) Trajectories generated from the GMM/GMR model. Only 8 trajectories reach the target position, while the rest get trapped to flows of spurious attractors and fail to converge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-the-swiss-roll-manifold-the-data-comes-from-paths-23f43x0x.png Figure 3.2: The swiss-roll manifold. The data comes from paths that are sampled from a surface, in a sequential and directional manner, that is embedded in the 3-dimensional space. This surface has no volume and can be unrolled to a 2-dimensional space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-example-sketch-of-a-constrained-optimization-97mn64a8.png Figure 5.1: Example sketch of a constrained optimization scenario and of the proposed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-5-a-typical-trajectory-resulting-from-this-method-a-2jqg5t97.png Figure 6.5: A typical trajectory resulting from this method. A geodesic path from start to end is computed, with a random perturbation occurring at time t = 0.25 that pushes the state away from the manifold. This new state is projected back on to the manifold to find the closest feasible state. A path from the projected point to the goal is then executed before continuing along. The task space trajectory with perturbation. The dashed blue line is the initial predicted trajectory while the red line is the motion due to the (severe) perturbation occurring at the first red star. The state is then pushed away from the initial trajectory and a new path to the goal is replanned after the novel state is projected on the learnt manifold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-icub-pick-and-place-task-the-data-consists-of-5-1pa74avm.png Figure 7.1: iCub pick-and-place task. The data consists of 5 trajectories of 100 datapoints each. https://scispace.com/papers/motivation-in-words-promotion-and-prevention-oriented-leader-3as4onurfk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-study-1-promotion-oriented-communication-1ttyjlpu.png Figure 2 Study 1: Promotion-Oriented Communication, Presidential Greatness, and Inflation (left) and Economic Growth (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-table-for-presidential-greatness-in-study-tllrzjjv.png Table 2 Regression Table for Presidential Greatness in Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-process-analysis-in-study-3-2svf4vrs.png Table 4 Results of PROCESS Analysis in Study 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-theoretical-model-1zrrqjs4.png Figure 1 Overview of the Theoretical Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crisis-leader-communication-and-motivation-to-1xt7eakt.png Figure 3 Crisis, Leader Communication, and Motivation to Realize the Leader’s Plans in Study 2 (left) and Study 3 (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-logistic-regression-table-for-reelection-success-in-2m6ygcjk.png Table 3 Logistic Regression Table for Reelection Success in Study 1 https://scispace.com/papers/motivational-game-design-patterns-of-ville-games-28ay144t1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-cost-and-losses-gains-from-withered-crops-2zky5jy4.png Table 3: The cost and losses/gains from withered crops. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-cost-and-production-of-crops-in-empires-allies-1816r84p.png Table 2: The cost and production of crops in Empires & Allies. Time is in minutes, pm stands for “per minute.” https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-patterns-in-ville-games-with-their-behavioral-3h2gph0c.png Table 1: Design patterns in ‘Ville games, with their behavioral theories and previous sightings. https://scispace.com/papers/motivic-cohomology-of-pairs-of-simplices-2pp2mdl8wm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-linearly-constructible-motivic-perverse-sheaf-sdl-1ix7u5x4.png Figure 1. Linearly constructible motivic perverse sheaf SðL;MÞ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-trilogarithmic-pairs-of-simplices-130h42gi.png Figure 8. Trilogarithmic pairs of simplices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-double-logarithmic-pair-of-simplices-2ne4ke1h.png Figure 5. Double-logarithmic pair of simplices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dilogarithmic-pair-of-simplices-u2dtth-2wrawpvp.png Figure 4. Dilogarithmic pair of simplices U2ðtÞ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-non-trivial-terms-of-k-2j-for-06-j6n-1luihant.png Figure 2. The non-trivial terms of K ; 2j , for 06 j6n. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-bicomplex-a-2pghmzim.png Figure 3. The bicomplex A ; . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-triple-logarithmic-pairs-of-simplices-255n29hu.png Figure 7. Triple logarithmic pairs of simplices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-con-guration-kdath-m01-2-l2-m02-2-l0-and-m12-2-l1-3e5l4j1r.png Figure 6. Con guration KðaÞ: M01 2 L2, M02 2 L0, and M12 2 L1. https://scispace.com/papers/moving-force-identification-based-on-modified-preconditioned-1wnhm640cn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-on-rpe-values-identified-by-tdm-svd-cg-1ny48bha.png Table 1 Comparison on RPE values (%) identified by TDM(SVD), CG and M-PCG with two different regularization matrices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-on-rpe-values-and-optimal-numbers-of-3l07lgqf.png Table 2 Comparison on RPE values (%) and optimal numbers of iterations of PCG and M-PCG https://scispace.com/papers/movements-and-diving-behavior-of-pelagic-spotted-dolphins-3d34ysjlqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spotted-dolphin-radio-tagged-with-a-high-power-taybkah2.png Figure 3. Spotted dolphin radio-tagged with a high-power transmitter (far side of package, with antenna extending above dorsal fin) and a Mk-7 TDR (inserted in pocket on near side of package) used in 2001 (Type 3 in Fig. 2). Two Delrin pins and magnesium nuts secured the package until it was removed or the magnesium nuts corroded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-movements-of-five-dolphins-d1-d5-tracked-during-21s95etg.png Figure 4. Movements of five dolphins (D1–D5) tracked during 1992. Squares represent locations of sets on dolphin herds. Water depths were in excess of 3,000 m; the depth of the thermocline ranged from 23 m to 33 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-daytime-0600-1800-and-nighttime-1800-0600-dive-2ghu0l3c.png Table 2. Daytime (0600–1800) and nighttime (1800–0600) dive characteristics for pantropical spotted dolphins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-histogram-showing-the-percentage-of-time-that-uif0fc2m.png Figure 7. Histogram showing the percentage of time that tracked dolphins spent in relationship to the thermocline ridge (see Fig. 6). The “On ridge” category included thermocline depths ≤30 m, the “On slope” category included the steeply contoured thermocline depths between 30 and 60 m, and the “Off slope” category included thermocline depths ≥60 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-time-depth-plot-of-d29-dives-and-simultaneous-38p3k02m.png Figure 10. Time–depth plot of D29 dives and simultaneous EK500-echosounder record of the deep scattering layer (DSL). The upper plots (1200–2400; 2 September 2001) show the DSL rising around sunset (1848 h) and the dolphin’s transition from daytime dives to dusk deep-diving bout to nighttime dives. The inset shows the dusk diving bout overlaid on the DSL in greater detail. The lower plots (0000–1200; 2 September 2001) show the DSL migrating deeper prior to dawn (at 0629) and the dolphin’s transition from nighttime dives to dawn deep-diving bout to daytime dives. The densities of DSL organisms are color coded: light gray for the lowest densities, dark gray for medium densities, yellow for high densities, and orange for the most dense patches. Note that there is a small geographic difference in the two records; the echosounder data were from directly under the McArthur, while the dolphins were typically ≥4 km away. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-movements-of-nine-dolphins-tracked-during-2001-each-9stdpt8y.png Figure 6. Movements of nine dolphins tracked during 2001. Each dolphin is color coded. Square symbols indicate the locations of sets on dolphin herds. Color scale indicates the depth of the thermocline in meters; 2-m contours show “ridging” of the thermocline. The depth of the thermocline ranged from 16 m to 76 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-areas-during-1992-1993-and-2001-showing-11771315.png Figure 1. Study areas during 1992, 1993, and 2001 showing locations of purse-seine sets and dolphin captures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-daytime-and-nighttime-diving-patterns-of-dolphin-18di7g9l.png Figure 11. Daytime and nighttime diving patterns of dolphin D29: 30-min samples of the daytime pattern (top: 1015–1045, 2 September 2001), and two examples of nighttime dives (middle: 0000–0030, 3 September 2001; bottom: 0220–0250, 3 September 2001). Note that the depth trace did not always return to zero when the dolphin surfaced while making rapid, sequential dives. https://scispace.com/papers/moving-towards-music-viewing-early-years-musical-engagement-148e10seaz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eriksons-1982-stages-of-identity-1lne9uwn.png Table 1: Erikson’s (1982) stages of identity https://scispace.com/papers/moving-targets-addressing-concept-drift-in-supervised-models-siv6z82a3a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-slope-of-the-line-for-static-and-dynamic-models-35pbxnax.png TABLE V: SLOPE OF THE LINE FOR STATIC AND DYNAMIC MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-distribution-of-instances-in-each-phase-1rtt9npy.png TABLE IV: DISTRIBUTION OF INSTANCES IN EACH PHASE https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-description-dataset-1k8yzczr.png TABLE II: DESCRIPTION DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-labelling-task-examples-rou0iota.png TABLE I: LABELLING TASK EXAMPLES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-timeline-and-volume-of-messages-of-the-datasets-163jfucd.png Fig. 1: Timeline and volume of messages of the datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-avg-class-accuracy-of-the-start-model-4-first-2eev2mxf.png TABLE III: AVG. CLASS ACCURACY OF THE START MODEL (4 FIRST MONTHS) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparing-the-baseline-static-model-bold-line-blue-urtmmrhe.png Fig. 4: Comparing the baseline static model, bold line (blue), against models retrained with different proportions (25, 50, 75, 100)% of past instances https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparing-models-with-different-values-of-weights-on-tfmzo6y2.png Fig. 5: Comparing models with different values of weights on new instances (x2, x3, x5, x10) against model with no weights, bold line (blue). All models using 50% proportion of incoming instances https://scispace.com/papers/mr-meteo-providing-climate-information-for-the-unconnected-4jhzqib122 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ict4d-methodology-4-121rt2df.png Figure 1: ICT4D Methodology [4] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-uml-sequence-diagram-call-management-tzltumgw.png Figure 5: UML Sequence Diagram - Call Management https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-uml-sequencediagram-weather-informationupdate-1ztzl895.png Figure 4: UML SequenceDiagram -Weather InformationUpdate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kasadaka-hardware-1szsvbeu.png Figure 3: Kasadaka Hardware https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sketch-of-intended-system-3m3k1ev6.png Figure 2: Sketch of Intended System https://scispace.com/papers/multi-attribute-access-selection-algorithm-for-heterogeneous-3vgil0x0vf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-number-of-selections-of-candidate-1bl8q56f.png Fig. 11. Comparison of number of selections of candidate networks under the data application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-number-of-selections-of-candidate-3ainco1d.png Fig. 10. Comparison of number of selections of candidate networks under the video application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scenario-for-heterogeneous-wireless-network-hwn-access-1g0azjd3.png Fig. 1. Scenario for heterogeneous wireless network (HWN) access selection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-of-number-of-handoffs-between-networks-9qzv2xmt.png Fig. 12. Comparison of number of handoffs between networks caused by algorithms under different applications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-delay-value-of-the-selected-network-22k2wnj0.png Fig. 4. Average delay value of the selected network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-jitter-value-of-the-selected-network-1xlkg8xm.png Fig. 5. Average jitter value of the selected network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-packet-loss-ratio-value-of-the-selected-19h36rri.png Fig. 6. Average packet loss ratio value of the selected network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-comparison-of-number-of-unnecessary-handoffs-caused-24yzc88o.png Fig. 13. Comparison of number of unnecessary handoffs caused by algorithms under different applications. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-aspect-sentiment-analysis-with-topic-models-2dxlasrqmu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-aspect-based-comparative-summary-for-mesa-grill-2c65sm4t.png Table VI ASPECT-BASED COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR MESA GRILL RESTAURANT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plate-notations-for-topic-models-described-in-3hzvp60t.png Figure 1. Plate notations for topic models described in Section IV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-seed-words-for-restaurant-reviews-1bwxxpe1.png Table I SEED WORDS FOR RESTAURANT REVIEWS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-multi-aspect-rating-prediction-results-for-7of87fgo.png Table IV MULTI-ASPECT RATING PREDICTION RESULTS FOR RESTAURANT DATA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-supervised-multi-aspect-rating-prediction-results-mwhtvaf5.png Table V SUPERVISED MULTI-ASPECT RATING PREDICTION RESULTS, WITH MODELS RUN TO GENERATE 15 TOPICS (45 GLOBAL TOPICS FOR MG-LDA). RESULTS WERE SIMILAR ACROSS A VARIETY OF TOPIC NUMBER CHOICES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-multi-aspect-sentence-labeling-results-2sjekd2f.png Table II MULTI-ASPECT SENTENCE LABELING RESULTS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-entity-level-multi-aspect-rating-prediction-2tft83e5.png Table III ENTITY-LEVEL MULTI-ASPECT RATING PREDICTION RESULTS FOR TRIPADVISOR DATA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-influence-of-pseudo-counts-p90xjsn1.png Figure 2. Influence of pseudo counts. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-barrier-height-characterization-and-dlts-study-on-ti-w-1ewculpy3v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-forward-i-v-characteristic-on-diode-1-between-80-k-and-2w3wzpkb.png Fig. 1. Forward I-V characteristic on diode #1 between 80 K and 400 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-modified-richardson-plot-based-on-phbf-for-diode-1-prg87jin.png Fig. 2. Modified Richardson plot based on ΦBF for diode #1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measurement-steps-and-their-conditions-on-diode-3-npof5hq7.png Table 1. Measurement steps and their conditions on diode #3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dlts-signal-correlation-b1-between-60-k-and-550-k-on-1hamvb0c.png Fig. 5. DLTS signal (correlation b1) between 60 K and 550 K on diode #1 and #2 before and after double barrier shown up. The DLTS parameters selected for all the measurements are marked in the plot. No remarkable difference shows up on current DLTS between 20 K and 180 K either (not shown here). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-forward-i-v-curves-on-diode-2-during-a-1st-scan-and-b-2o4sbyjn.png Fig. 6. Forward I-V curves on diode #2 during (a): 1st scan and (b): 3rd scan. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-agent-bilateral-bargaining-and-the-nash-bargaining-2tmrl8o3z9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-subgame-perfect-equilibrium-and-consistency-of-the-2btsb9u0.png Figure 3. Subgame perfect equilibrium and consistency of the Nash bargaining solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-j-1-th-session-where-the-responder-receives-an-4hahkkgz.png Figure 1. The (j ¡ 1)-th session where the responder receives an o®er to leave the game with a certain level of his share. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-j-1-th-session-when-the-proposer-demands-to-1bugz8ed.png Figure 2. The (j¡ 1)-th session when the proposer demands to leave. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-bit-cascade-sd-modulator-for-high-speed-a-d-conversion-2rpsw7cath 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generic-dual-quantization-n-stage-cascade-sdm-2v8pu0np.png Fig. 1 Generic dual-quantization N-stage cascade ΣΔM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-2-1-1-cascade-mb-sdm-3e5o8yy7.png Fig. 2 Block diagram of the 2-1-1 cascade MB ΣΔM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-worst-case-sndr-vs-input-level-in-presence-of-57nolt6y.png Fig. 4 Worst-case SNDR vs. input level in presence of capacitor mismatch and finite integrator DC-gain https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sndr-vs-last-quantizer-resolution-in-presence-of-non-9vgv20t8.png Fig. 3 SNDR vs. last quantizer resolution in presence of non-idealities https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coefficient-relationships-in-fig-2-3qvwtkof.png Table 1: Coefficient relationships in Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/multi-criteria-decision-analysis-to-assess-the-environmental-3ekn7t6sy8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transport-scenarios-2l0ynfy7.png Table 2 Transport scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-system-boundaries-of-gypsum-cement-aggregate-and-181ahzd5.png Fig. 3. The system boundaries of gypsum, cement, aggregate and concrete. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-percentage-contribution-of-production-alternatives-for-lau1tvji.png Fig. 5. Percentage contribution of production alternatives for non-structural concrete. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-reference-cost-for-each-alternative-production-of-3f7xxd4q.png Table 5 Reference cost for each alternative production of structural concrete.bCm = cost of waste management generated in the concrete production process = (municipal waste disposal + inert waste disposal + wastewater treatment (water canon)) = (1.95E-03 €/m3 + 9.64E-03 €/m3 + 1.10 E-02 €/m3) = (2.28 E-02 €/m3), according to company data (includes transport). cEq. (1). The amount of material used or substituted in the mixtures according to the composition of Table 1 was taken into account and data obtained from companies, organizations in Spain.dEq. (1)–(3). The amount of material used or substituted in the mixtures according to the composition of Table 1 was taken into account and data obtained from companies, organizations and recycling plants consulted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-reference-cost-of-each-of-the-alternative-production-3epizey0.png Table 8 Reference cost of each of the alternative production for non-structural concrete. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-list-of-values-s-r-and-q-calculated-in-the-rccvta8b.png Table 9 List of values S, R and Q calculated in the production of non-structural concrete. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-contribution-of-different-production-ierrj8hu.png Fig. 4. Percentage contribution of different production alternatives to structural concrete. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-crystalline-silicon-thin-films-grown-directly-on-low-409jz8091l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-general-temperature-profile-graph-applied-to-3penyto1.png Figure 1: The general temperature profile (graph) applied to all investigated substrates and the maximum temperature values (table) of the individual substrates experimentally determined by successive repetition of the experiment until substrate deformation is observed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-phase-diagram-for-the-crystallization-of-left-6-um-25c8qc1q.png Figure 4: Phase diagram for the crystallization of (left) 6 µm and (right) 12 µm thick silicon on SLG-2 substrates. Prior to crystallization the temperature of the specimens was set to 600 °C. The optical laser intensity (Iopt) is depicted as a function of the scanning velocity (vscan). The diamonds and squares outline the process window for obtaining multi crystalline Si films with large crystal grains (grey region).The micrograph (bottom) exemplarily depicts a textured 12 µm silicon layer on a TG-1 substrate to visualize the resulting crystal structure after LPC processing. Crystallization was performed from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-reflectance-r-spectra-and-right-absorbance-39pzr80j.png Figure 3: (left) Reflectance R spectra and (right) absorbance spectra A of the best performing technical glass substrate TG1 (blue curve) and low cost, low iron soda-lime glass substrate SLG-2 (red curve) of Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-the-integrated-gray-reflectance-r-and-white-s535qzbj.png Figure 2: shows the integrated (gray) reflectance R and (white) absorbance A in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 1200 nm for 2 technical glass (TG) and 5 low cost low iron soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates. The blue and red box mark the best performing substrate within each category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-representative-current-voltage-characteristic-of-a-3p5xjek2.png Figure  8:  Representative  current‐voltage  characteristic  of  a  solar  cell  processed  on  a  (red  curves)  SLG‐2  substrate  and  a  (blue curves) TG‐1 substrate. The solid lines indicate the results  of  the  sun  simulator  while  the  dashed  lines  have  been  measured using the SunsVoc method. The table inset lists the  cell characteristics with the SunsVoc values in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-open-circuit-voltage-voc-of-solar-cells-fabricated-2btmiwh3.png Figure 7: Open circuit voltage (VOC) of solar cells fabricated on a (left) SLG-2 substrate and a (right) TG-1 substrate. The crystallization of the 6 µm absorber layers were performed with an 808 nm continuous wave line laser operated at scanning velocities of vscan = 8, 10, 15 mm/s. Prior to crystallization the temperature of the specimens was set to 600 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-micrograph-of-a-12-um-silicon-layer-on-a-slg-2-2yw1t1qm.png Figure 5: Micrograph of a 12 µm silicon layer on a SLG-2 substrate crystallized with an 808 nm continuous wave line laser at a scanning velocity of vscan = 5 mm/s. The images were recorded 1 h, 1 day and 1 week after LPC-processing. The sample size was approximately 5 cm². https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-adhesion-properties-of-laser-crystallized-silicon-35vfjqy8.png Figure 6: Adhesion properties of laser crystallized silicon with thickness (d) on a SLG-2 substrate as a function of the scanning velocity of the laser (vscan) and the sample storage time after crystallization (t). https://scispace.com/papers/multi-gpu-and-multi-cpu-accelerated-fdtd-scheme-for-2jq3vsp0s5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-computational-results-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-29x4gzt7.png Fig. 7. Computational results as a function of the number of cells for 1 CPU and 1 GPU. (a) Speed up for the SSE+OpenMP version. (b) Speed up of the AVX+OpenMP version. (c) Speed up of the CUDA version. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-fdtd-scheme-for-solving-vibroacoustic-2yt46y7l.png Fig. 1. Diagram of FDTD scheme for solving vibroacoustic problems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-computational-results-as-a-function-of-the-number-of-27uioutn.png Fig. 8. Computational results as a function of the number of cells for 2 CPU and 2 GPU. (a) Speed up for the SSE+OpenMP+OMPI version. (b) Speed up of the AVX+OpenMP+OMPI version. (c) Speed up of the CUDA Peer-to-Peer version. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-scheme-of-a-sequential-arithmetic-addition-b-scheme-2900d17q.png Fig. 3. (a) Scheme of a sequential arithmetic addition. (b) Scheme of an addition with AVX instructions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fdtd-lattice-for-solids-1usqm7me.png Fig. 2. FDTD lattice for solids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-the-materials-used-for-obtaining-the-1010skk9.png Table 1 Parameters of the materials used for obtaining the results in Fig. 11. The elastic parameters of air are given: λ0 = −0.142 MPa, µ0 = 0 Pa and ρ0 = 1.21 kg/m3 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fdtd-setup-for-the-results-shown-in-fig-11-the-selomzzn.png Table 2 FDTD setup for the results shown in Fig. 11. The default units for the parameters here listed are measured in cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-simulation-sequence-of-the-propagation-of-elastic-25sayeuq.png Fig. 11. Simulation sequence of the propagation of elastic waves along a stratified media. (a) n = 5000. (b) n = 10 000. (c) n = 15 000. (d) n = 20 000. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/multi-field-of-view-framework-for-distinguishing-tumor-grade-2d9jwyal66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fifty-nuclear-architecture-features-used-in-this-10mqx56z.png TABLE I FIFTY NUCLEAR ARCHITECTURE FEATURES USED IN THIS PAPER, DERIVED FROM VD, DT, AND MST GRAPHS, AS WELL AS NN STATISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-multi-fov-framework-presented-in-this-paper-operates-278fhiam.png Fig. 1. (a) Multi-FOV framework presented in this paper operates by maintaining a fixed scale while analyzing several FOV sizes. (b) Conversely, a multiscale framework would operate by analyzing a fixed FOV at different spatial resolutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fovs-taken-from-a-single-histopathology-slide-2ozve792.png Fig. 2. FOVs taken from a single histopathology slide illustrate the high level of intratumoral heterogeneity in ER+ BCa. The green annotation represents invasive cancer as determined by an expert pathologist. Note the disorganized tissue structure of FOVs with higher malignancy (top, bottom) compared to the FOV containing benign tissue (middle). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-roc-curves-over-20-trials-of-threefold-cross-16ypdpzh.png Fig. 6. Mean ROC curves over 20 trials of threefold cross-validation for (a) low versus high grade, (b) low versus intermediate grade, and (c) intermediate versus high grade classification tasks. For each task, ROC curves are shown for both nuclear architecture and nuclear texture feature sets along with associated AUC values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-outlining-the-methodological-steps-of-the-1a4l6n1d.png Fig. 3. Flowchart outlining the methodological steps of the automated BCa grading system, whereby (a) an ER+ BCa histopathology slide is first divided into (b) FOVs of various sizes. (c) Image features that quantify mBR grade phenotype are extracted from each FOV and (d) a feature selection scheme is used to identify salient features at each FOV size. (e) Pretrained classifiers are used to predict (f) mBR grade for each FOV (illustrated by red and green squares). (g) Predictions for individual FOVs are aggregated to achieve a class prediction H (τ ) for an entire FOV size τ . (h) Class predictions from FOV sizes are combined to achieve a final classification result for the entire ER+ BCa histopathology slide. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-selected-nuclear-texture-features-for-low-versus-8acrhaq0.png TABLE V SELECTED NUCLEAR TEXTURE FEATURES FOR LOW VERSUS HIGH mBR GRADE CLASSIFICATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-selected-nuclear-architecture-features-for-low-19mznsjz.png TABLE II SELECTED NUCLEAR ARCHITECTURE FEATURES FOR LOW VERSUS HIGH mBR GRADE CLASSIFICATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-selected-nuclear-architecture-features-for-3n193cew.png TABLE IV SELECTED NUCLEAR ARCHITECTURE FEATURES FOR INTERMEDIATE VERSUS HIGH mBR GRADE CLASSIFICATION https://scispace.com/papers/multi-head-cnn-rnn-for-multi-time-series-anomaly-detection-2235dmo7gk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-training-time-of-both-base-models-and-tkb-models-qtuq2ve4.png Figure 6: Training time of both base models and TKB models. They are all grouped by the number of sensors used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-parameter-specification-for-all-the-architectures-1cdh2tzr.png Table II: Parameter specification for all the architectures employed in this experimentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-layer-configuration-of-all-the-architectures-each-2fsta1l7.png Figure 2: Layer configuration of all the architectures. Each box contains the name of the layer and its corresponding output shape. Note that, for input layers, the last dimension of the output shape refers to the number of channels (sensors), while for convolutional layers it refers to the number of filters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multi-head-cnn-rnn-architecture-for-multi-time-2jlnm8h7.png Figure 1: Multi-head CNN-RNN architecture for multi-time series anomaly detection. From the left, data coming from sensors are individually processed by independent convolutional heads by means of a window W of length WL. The window slides over the time series with a step of size WS . A feature map F n w is obtained as a result of applying a CNN to the window w of sensor n. Feature maps corresponding to the same window w are then concatenated. Once all windows of all sensor data are processed, the recurrent layers yield the classification outcome by processing all the windows chronologically. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-average-friedman-rankings-and-apvs-using-holms-36y0d7ar.png Table VIII: Average Friedman rankings and APVs using Holm’s procedure in g mean for Multi-head architectures. The horizontal dashed line delimits the architectures rejected (located below the line) as a consequence of setting the level of significance to α = 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-average-friedman-rankings-and-apvs-using-holms-1wdjcjae.png Table VII: Average Friedman rankings and APVs using Holm’s procedure in g mean for all the architectures. The horizontal dashed line delimits the architectures rejected (located below the line) as a consequence of setting the level of significance to α = 0.05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-results-of-multi-head-and-multi-channel-conv1d-1fgjab5n.png Table IV: Results of Multi-head and Multi-channel Conv1d architectures using the original dataset and g mean as evaluation metric. The corresponding standard deviation is attached to each metric. The best values for each architecture are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-prc-of-the-different-architectures-using-multi-head-53icca80.png Figure 3: PRC of the different architectures using Multi-head and Multi-channel convolutions. Experiments conducted with the original dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-end-functionalised-polymer-additives-synthesised-by-44b4ogzga8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structure-of-end-capping-agents-757gbrvx.png Figure 1. Chemical Structure of end capping agents https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-surface-concentration-of-c8f17-groups-in-3imsqh88.png Table 3. Calculated surface concentration of C8F17 groups in modified poly(isoprene) films containing 5 wt % PI3CF11K, 20 % PI3CF11K and 60 20 % PI1CF10K additive. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-molecular-weight-and-concentration-of-3awaj2hv.png Figure 2. Effect of molecular weight and concentration of additive upon static contact angle with water on thin (unannealed) films of polystyrene containing PS1CF (Figure 2a), PS2CF (Figure 2b) and PS3CF (figure 2c) 60 additives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-molecular-weight-and-concentration-of-qav9p2ym.png Figure 5. Effect of molecular weight and concentration of additive upon static contact angle with water on thin films of polyisoprene containing PI1CF and PI3CF additives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rbs-data-and-simulations-for-poly-isoprene-films-3407auq0.png Figure 6. RBS data and simulations for poly(isoprene) films modified with 5 wt % PI3CF11K, 20 % PI3CF11K and 20 % PI1CF10K. 45 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maximum-contact-angles-achieved-for-series-of-poly-694b6d5v.png Table 2. Maximum contact angles achieved for series of poly(styrene) films, unannealed (containing up to 40% additive) and annealed films 45 containing varying concentrations of PS1CF, PS2CF and PS3CF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-annealing-time-150o-c-on-contact-angle-3pr908ei.png Figure 4. Effect of annealing time (150o C) on contact angle for PS2CF additives. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-material-heatsink-design-using-level-set-topology-etnkori6wy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimization-convergence-metrics-1i3z0lw7.png Fig. 4. Optimization convergence metrics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-pure-copper-heatsink-volume-constraint-0-25-top-and-2blnuaox.png Fig. 5a. Pure copper heatsink (Volume constraint=0.25): top and side views https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-computational-domain-1qsgrftv.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the computational domain https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-nomenclature-2zg6whbf.png TABLE I NOMENCLATURE https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-thermal-performance-results-jmu72ryn.png TABLE VI THERMAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5b-pure-copper-heatsink-volume-constraint-0-25-cross-35z00373.png Fig. 5a. Pure copper heatsink (Volume constraint=0.25): top and side views https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6b-copper-aluminum-heatsink-1-cross-sectional-view-2qblbxyq.png Fig. 6b. Copper-Aluminum heatsink 1: cross sectional view. (Volume constraint of Copper and Aluminum are 0.10 & 0.15 respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6a-copper-aluminum-heatsink-1-top-and-side-views-37fv6551.png Fig. 6b. Copper-Aluminum heatsink 1: cross sectional view. (Volume constraint of Copper and Aluminum are 0.10 & 0.15 respectively) https://scispace.com/papers/multi-modal-non-rigid-image-registration-based-on-similarity-2slz0njk3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-functionalities-of-a-d1-b-d2-and-c-3avbzsfj.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the functionalities of (a) D1, (b) D2 and (c) D12. The cross symbols representing the observed joint distributions of different image pairs before the registration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-pt-001-to-pt-007-for-viewing-details-zoom-uu5f5i07.png Fig. 2. Results of pt-001 to pt-007. (For viewing details, zoom-in the electronic file.) https://scispace.com/papers/multi-mode-resonant-control-of-a-microcantilever-for-atomic-4mzo5muiqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ppf-controller-for-first-eigenmode-ppf-controller-for-2jzv0iia.png Fig. 5. PPF controller for first eigenmode (−−), PPF controller for second eigenmode (− · −) and multi-mode Q controller (−). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-parameters-of-the-fixed-structure-model-31e0ydoi.png TABLE I PARAMETERS OF THE FIXED STRUCTURE MODEL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-open-loop-frequency-response-fixed-structure-gx3ew1cl.png Fig. 6. Measured open loop frequency response (−), fixed structure model (− · −) and measured closed loop frequency response with multi-mode Q control (−−). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cross-section-analysis-of-image-obtained-on-first-1yzzq1qp.png Fig. 8. Cross section analysis of image obtained on first eigenmode without Q control (−) and of image obtained on second eigenmode with multi-mode Q control (−−). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-and-b-scan-on-the-first-eigenmode-at156-3-um-s-rj0pwsyt.png Fig. 7. (a) and (b): Scan on the first eigenmode at156.3 µm/s without Q control. (c) and (d): Scan on the second eigenmode at156.3 µm/s with multi-mode Q control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-setup-of-the-afm-control-loop-the-outer-2qvbuubt.png Fig. 1. Schematic setup of the AFM control loop. The outer feedback loop regulates the demodulated amplitude of the cantilever oscillationA(t) to the setpoint amplitudeAset when the unknown tip-sample forceFts(t) is present, while the inner feedback loop regulates the cantilever Q factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-negative-imaginary-control-system-in-positive-feedback-2h4yr4cm.png Fig. 2. Negative imaginary control system in positive feedback. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-open-loop-of-second-mode-approximation-and-closed-1xiczz4u.png Fig. 4. Left: Open loop of second mode approximation (−) and closed loop with pole optimization PPF controller (−−). Right: Desired pole location (+), open loop pole location (×) and closed loop pole location (×). https://scispace.com/papers/multi-objective-output-feedback-control-via-lmi-optimization-59b89ua53p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-design-1-closed-loop-magnitude-responses-38j932ff.png Fig. 4. Design #1: Closed-loop magnitude responses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-design-1-closed-loop-time-responses-1qqncwq7.png Fig. 5. Design #1: Closed-loop time responses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-design-2-closed-loop-magnitude-responses-19z0u0b9.png Fig. 6. Design #2: Closed-loop magnitude responses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-design-2-closed-loop-time-responses-3ekikjf4.png Fig. 7. Design #2: Closed-loop time responses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-moored-floating-platform-2eykflc3.png Fig. 1. Moored floating platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-control-structure-30pf5nym.png Fig. 2. Control structure. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-source-data-collection-for-state-of-the-art-data-4g1d5w3my6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mse-and-mae-in-comparison-2cv6gmbg.png Fig. 4. MSE and MAE in comparison https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-join-of-the-images-with-the-r2r-data-2sgevotw.png Fig. 1. Join of the images with the R2R data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-segmentation-of-an-image-2g63mtxz.png Fig. 3. Segmentation of an image https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-selection-of-the-closest-grid-cell-1fpukm9u.png Fig. 2. Selection of the closest grid cell https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mse-and-mae-for-different-numbers-of-images-kqynyw7m.png Table 1. MSE and MAE for different numbers of images https://scispace.com/papers/multi-scale-salient-feature-extraction-on-mesh-models-454eus48r7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-feature-classification-of-camel-model-based-on-salient-7pnh5jst.png Fig. 4. Feature classification of camel model based on salient feature extraction on two different scales. (a) the classified salient features with different colors on small scale; (b) the 2D projection of the salient feature space computed using classical multidimensional scaling; (c) the classified salient features on large scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multi-scale-salient-feature-extraction-a-grog-model-b-153li1s5.png Fig. 1. Multi-scale salient feature extraction. (a) Grog model; (b) Gaussian curvature on small and large scales (from top to bottom, similarly hereinafter); (c) Local surface descriptors on small and large scales; (d) Salient features extracted accordingly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multi-scale-viewpoints-selected-on-two-different-27u7yac7.png Fig. 5. Multi-scale viewpoints selected on two different scales for Gargoyle model (left: large scale; right: small scale). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multi-scale-maximal-principal-curvatures-on-the-asian-1v2l6dlg.png Fig. 2. Multi-scale maximal principal curvatures on the Asian Dragon model, with two different kernels centered at one of its horn. The red color depicts the highest curvature value, blue color is for lowest value.(upper: small scale; bottom: large scale.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-local-surface-descriptors-of-gargoyle-model-on-two-1n9hrdq3.png Fig. 3. Local surface descriptors of Gargoyle model on two different scales. Red is high curvature function value and blue is low. Zoomed figures show the tiny structure and starting point of each LSD. (left: small scale; right: large scale.) https://scispace.com/papers/multi-player-pursuit-evasion-games-with-one-superior-evader-3elb324gk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-capturing-status-of-multi-player-pursuit-evasion-3tqn0cj3.png Fig. 6. The capturing status of multi-player pursuit-evasion gamer. Note: the encirclement might not be regular polygon, here is only an extreme example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-strategies-of-the-pursuers-when-di-k1-vp-t-sin-p-n-2ko2k7je.png Fig. 7. The strategies of the pursuers when di(k1) ≤ vp∆t/ sin(π/n), where the radius of dotted circle is vp∆t/ sin(π/n). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fishing-game-in-the-fixed-reference-system-3h570zqe.png Fig. 1. Fishing game in the fixed reference system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-multi-player-pursuit-evasion-game-in-polar-8mm8jfwe.png Fig. 3. The multi-player pursuit-evasion game in polar coordinate system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-barrier-of-fishing-game-in-the-relative-state-jbbwdl6m.png Fig. 2. The barrier of fishing game in the relative state space, where the shaded region (excluding points P1, P2 and the boundary B) corresponds to the escape zone De. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-strategies-of-the-players-when-existing-di-k2-vp-t-2i1hn2wr.png Fig. 8. The strategies of the players when existing di(k2) > vp∆t/ sin(π/n), where the radius of circles R1, R2 and R3 are (ve + vp)∆t, vp∆t/ sin(π/n) and formula (26), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-comparison-of-f-and-g-ukv9mxeb.png Fig. 9. The comparison of f and g. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-initial-position-distribution-of-the-players-when-2bl7tr2r.png Fig. 4. The initial position distribution of the players when the surrounding condition is satisfied, where the boundary of shaded region is composed of the barriers of n fishing games. https://scispace.com/papers/multi-uav-network-control-through-dynamic-task-allocation-kcn3fwggur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cbba-with-relays-flight-test-architecture-27ui47a0.png Fig. 2. CBBA with Relays flight test architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-outdoor-flight-network-control-performance-comparison-20y0x6u0.png Fig. 3. Outdoor flight network control performance comparison using three different planning strategies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-experiment-results-2caqc3ru.png Fig. 1. Simulation experiment results https://scispace.com/papers/multi-wavelength-study-of-flaring-activity-in-bl-lac-object-4xyedoy0b4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-r-band-and-i-v-and-b-optical-band-correlation-1j0m15we.png Figure 2. Left: R band and I, V, and B optical band correlation curves for fluxes in different optical bands. The Xaxis shows the R-band magnitude, whereas the Y axis represents magnitudes in other optical bands, namely, I, B, and V. Right: the flux-color plot for optical observations. The X and Y axes are the R-band magnitude and B V( )- color, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-the-pd-variation-with-individual-segments-fit-1z20wuzj.png Figure 3. Left: the PD variation with individual segments fit by straight lines (L1–L5). The fitting is performed using a least-square fitting algorithm. Right: the PA variations fit with an exponential rising and falling profile given by f x Ae x x0[ ( ) ]( )~ a- - . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-swift-xrt-spectral-fitting-parameters-2dwi6d0q.png Table 1 Swift XRT Spectral Fitting Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-best-estimates-of-the-model-parameters-2192cfwa.png Table 2 The Best Estimates of the Model Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-sketch-of-the-interaction-between-the-emission-2tjfchgb.png Figure 4. Left: sketch of the interaction between the emission region and the disturbance in the comoving frame of the emission region at different epochs. The emission region is pervaded by a helical magnetic field and a turbulent component (only the helical component is sketched). The disturbance is stationary in the observer’s frame, but in the comoving frame of the emission region, the disturbance is then moving up with Lorentz factor Γ. The orange, red, green, and blue regions refer to the locations of the disturbance before the flare (t0), the rising phase (t1), peak (t2 and t3), and declining phase (t4), respectively. Right: the red, green, and blue shapes indicate the shape and location of the flaring region, corresponding to the disturbance at t t1 3~ , respectively, observed simultaneously, taking into account the LTTEs. Since Z R2> , the peak state will stay for few hours or few days depending upon the Z/R ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-the-model-reproduced-pd-and-pa-generated-for-3sjfcole.png Figure 5. Left: the model reproduced PD and PA, generated for the duration of MJD 57045.5–57047.5. The PD variations overplotted with the modeled curve (thick black line). The bottom panel represents the data and model for the PA swing. Right: the broadband SED of S5 0716+714 for the aforementioned duration. The multiwavelength light curves and respective models are not shown here as the flux remains almost constant (though highest) for the duration under consideration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multi-wavelength-light-curve-of-s5-0716-714-showing-kgatw96i.png Figure 1.Multi-wavelength light curve of S5 0716+714 showing the recent outburst activity during 2015, January. Figures 1(a) and (b), respectively, represent Fermi (>0.1 GeV) and X-ray (0.3 10.0 keV) light curves, whereas Figures 1(c) and (d) present UV/optical magnitudes from Swift-UVOT and MIRO, respectively. The last two panels (1(e) and (f)) are PD (or DP) and PA variations. The “Stew R” notation in Figure 1(d) stands for the R-band data from Steward Observatory. https://scispace.com/papers/multibranch-bogoliubov-bloch-spectrum-of-a-cigar-shaped-bose-2lk1odfxnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plots-of-the-spectrum-of-breathing-and-lowest-energy-ykim51op.png FIG. 3. Plots of the spectrum of breathing and lowest-energy quadrupole modes. Here, J=0.1 r and 0=50 r. Solid and dashed lines are obtained from Eq. 16 and Ref. 23 , respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plots-of-the-low-energy-bogoliubov-bloch-modes-in-the-zg18zzkt.png FIG. 2. Plots of the low-energy Bogoliubov-Bloch modes in the m= ±2 sector. Here, J=0.1 r and 0=50 r. Solid and dashed lines are obtained from Eqs. 16 and 20 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-plots-of-the-low-energy-bogoliubov-bloch-modes-in-the-6763t1dy.png FIG. 1. Plots of the low-energy Bogoliubov-Bloch modes in the m=0 sector. Here, J=0.1 r and 0=50 r. Solid and dashed lines are obtained from Eqs. 16 and 19 , respectively https://scispace.com/papers/multiband-differential-modulation-for-uwb-communication-o37ay42w2o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-differential-encoded-signal-matrix-and-oavo2tpk.png Fig. 1: Example of differential encoded signal matrix and transmit signal structure for the UWB system employing multiband OFDM, K = 2, G = 2, and Mt = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-comparison-of-the-proposed-differential-il57zu6p.png Fig. 4: Performance comparison of the proposed differential scheme under CM1 employing SISO and MIMO processing, K = 1 and R = 1 b/s/Hz. about 7 dB gain at a BER of 10−2 when jointly encoding across one subcarrier and two OFDM symbols. Moreover, at high SNR range, the proposed jointly encoded differential scheme outperforms the uncoded coherent detection scheme of about 3 − 5 dB at BER between 10−2 − 10−3. In case of multiband UWB system with multiple transmit antennas, while slightly error floor occurs due to the effect of channel mismatch, additional diversity can be observed when number of transmit antennas is increased. However, increasing the number of receive antennas improves the diversity gain without tradeoff in performance due to the effect of channel mismatch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-under-cm1-and-cm2-mt-1-mr-1-r-1-k-b-s-hz-1w0m3b4d.png Fig. 3: Performance under CM1 and CM2, Mt = 1, Mr = 1, R = 1/K b/s/Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performance-under-cm1-mt-1-mr-1-r-1-b-s-hz-1q5bhoyj.png Fig. 2: Performance under CM1, Mt = 1, Mr = 1, R = 1 b/s/Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/multicomponent-shearography-using-optical-fiber-imaging-10sd6yi21m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-shows-a-close-up-of-the-four-legs-of-the-optical-qem2upa8.png Figure 4 (a) shows a close-up of the four legs of the optical fibre imaging-bundle at the camera lens end. Each leg has an array of 600 by 500 optical fibres. (b) shows a close-up of the optical fibre imaging-bundle at the interferometer end. The combined array size is 1200 by 1000 optical fibres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-illustration-of-the-perspective-distortion-when-3i48vew0.png Figure 5 (a) Illustration of the perspective distortion when viewing the test target from three viewing directions. (b) shows the corrected image after performing the dewarping procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-shows-the-x-y-and-z-directional-components-of-the-1tg0snyo.png Figure 1 (a) shows the x, y and z directional components of the coordinate system. (b) shows the u, v and w displacement components, which are associated with the x, y and z directional components respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-layout-of-the-four-channel-23ux8wzp.png Figure 2 Experimental layout of the four-channel shearography instrument. L1, L2, L3 and L4, camera lenses; L5, beam expansion lens; L6, objective lens; BS, beamsplitter; M1, shearing mirror; M2, reference mirror; L7 and L8, imaging lenses; CCD, camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-a-a-photograph-of-the-4-channel-illumination-1hyyzoar.png Figure 3 shows (a) a photograph of the 4-channel illumination head and (b) a close-up photograph of a single lens holder in the illumination head. https://scispace.com/papers/multicenter-point-prevalence-evaluation-of-the-utilization-3wv29pca6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-adverse-drug-reactions-according-to-1u2tdcg0.png Table 3. Frequency of adverse drug reactions according to supplemental oxygen requirement Supplemental oxygen required No Yes Total P-value No. Col % No. Col % No. Col % https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-and-type-of-adverse-drug-reactions-3l82vbof.png Table 2. Frequency and type of adverse drug reactions according to combination COVID-19 directed therapy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-and-facility-demographics-according-to-the-17jwui0h.png Table 1. Patient and facility demographics according to the use of only supportive care or COVID-19 directed therapy https://scispace.com/papers/multicovering-bounds-from-relative-covering-radii-ej2nimieet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lower-bounds-on-r2a-c-for-large-a-38ob6f98.png Table 2: Lower bounds on R2a(C) for large a. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lower-bounds-on-r2k-c-6cn9h0dd.png Table 1: Lower bounds on R2k(C). https://scispace.com/papers/multidisciplinary-meetings-at-the-emergency-department-a-1j9k03ry0q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-transcription-conventions-jefferson-2004-1iwd1m54.png Table 2. Transcription conventions (Jefferson, 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-the-mdms-analyzed-28c8vjdo.png Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the MDMs analyzed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structural-organization-of-mdms-1rjxgf50.png Figure 1. Structural organization of MDMs https://scispace.com/papers/multidimensional-waveform-encoding-a-new-digital-beamforming-4n7bbrmqpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-separable-and-nonseparable-waveforms-left-separable-1iuzb59i.png Fig. 6. Separable and nonseparable waveforms. (Left) Separable radar pulse, as used in all conventional SAR systems and imaging modes. (Right) Nonseparable waveform, allowing for multidimensional encoding of the transmitted radar pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-transmitter-for-multidimensional-radar-pulse-encoding-2u6tklfc.png Fig. 7. Transmitter for multidimensional radar pulse encoding with four azimuth waveform generators and real-time intrapulse elevation beamsteering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-timing-diagram-for-the-exemplary-sar-system-3ded4g3h.png Fig. 13. Timing diagram for the exemplary SAR system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-digital-beamforming-on-receive-the-signal-2yk70rr4.png Fig. 1. Schematic of digital beamforming on receive. The signal from each subaperture element is independently amplified, down-converted, and digitized. The digital processing enables flexible and adaptive beamforming after signal reception. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-intrapulse-beamsteering-in-elevation-backscattered-xmfgu4qw.png Fig. 8. Intrapulse beamsteering in elevation: backscattered signals from different subswaths superimpose in the receiving window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-main-processing-steps-for-multiaperture-sar-focusing-x52airhc.png Fig. 12. Main processing steps for multiaperture SAR focusing in systems that employ multidimensional waveform encoding. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-solutions-for-high-resolution-wide-swath-sar-imaging-11xn3txc.png Fig. 2. Solutions for high-resolution wide-swath SAR imaging. (Left) Multiple beam SAR [16], [18]. (Middle left) DPCA technique [20]. (Middle right) Quadelement rectangular array SAR [21]. (Right) HRWS SAR [23], [25]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-dynamic-adaptation-of-the-waveform-encoding-to-the-msti14xb.png Fig. 16. Dynamic adaptation of the waveform encoding to the environment by closing the loop between the receiver and the transmitter. https://scispace.com/papers/multidrug-resistant-avian-pathogenic-escherichia-coli-550kaq3399 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phylogenetic-tre-predicted-by-the-neighbor-joining-1e697uiw.png Figure 6. Phylogenetic tre predicted by the neighbor-joining method using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura two-parameter model method. The bootstrap considered 1000 replicates. The scale bar represents the expected number of substitutions averaged over all the analyzed sites. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.35475560 is shown here. Treponema denticola was used as out group. The length of the scale bar represents one nucleotide substitution per 100 positions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phylogenetic-tree-predicted-by-the-neighbor-joining-364mzytx.png Figure 6. Phylogenetic tre predicted by the neighbor-joining method using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura two-parameter model method. The bootstrap considered 1000 replicates. The scale bar represents the expected number of substitutions averaged over all the analyzed sites. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.35475560 is shown here. Treponema denticola was used as out group. The length of the scale bar represents one nucleotide substitution per 100 positions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prevalence-of-avian-pathogenic-escherichia-coli-33vd8ptq.png Figure 1. Prevalence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in different types of poultry samples. Microorganisms identified in different types of avian samples belonged to different locations: (A) (Dhamrai, Manikgonj); (B) (Rupganj, Narayangonj); and (C) (Monohardi, Narshingdi). The Dhamrai, Rupganj and Monohardi regions included 76, 81, and 17 isolates, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biofilm-formation-bf-abil-ty-of-the-apec-2b1kcx40.png Figure 4. Biofilm formation (BF) abil ty of the APEC phylogroups. (A) Diagram atic representation of BF in i . Here: SBF, strong b ofilm formers; MBF, mod rate biofilm formers; WBF, weak biofilm formers; NBF, n n-biofil form rs. Re solid line with black circle represented the SBF ability fluctuations in which th isolates f phylogroup B1 had the lowest (14%) BF bility, and the phylogroup D2 isolates showed t e highest (54.55%) BF ability. (B) Fluor scence microscopy images of isolate (RN3, D2) under 20× m gnification. Biofilm stained with film tracer LIVE/DEAD biofilm viability kit. Live or a tive cells are fluorescent green and dead or inactive cells are fluor scent red. Surface pl t of 3D volume image (center image) and cross secti f olu e image (right side image) show the distribution of live and ead cells throughout biofilm layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biofilm-formation-bf-ability-of-the-apec-36ryqa8l.png Figure 4. Biofilm formation (BF) abil ty of the APEC phylogroups. (A) Diagram atic representation of BF in i . Here: SBF, strong b ofilm formers; MBF, mod rate biofilm formers; WBF, weak biofilm formers; NBF, n n-biofil form rs. Re solid line with black circle represented the SBF ability fluctuations in which th isolates f phylogroup B1 had the lowest (14%) BF bility, and the phylogroup D2 isolates showed t e highest (54.55%) BF ability. (B) Fluor scence microscopy images of isolate (RN3, D2) under 20× m gnification. Biofilm stained with film tracer LIVE/DEAD biofilm viability kit. Live or a tive cells are fluorescent green and dead or inactive cells are fluor scent red. Surface pl t of 3D volume image (center image) and cross secti f olu e image (right side image) show the distribution of live and ead cells throughout biofilm layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-diversity-of-apec-isolates-according-to-various-2bq0uvgx.png Figure 2. The diversity of APEC isolates according to various typing sys ems. The principle component analysis (PCA) p ots represent the distribution of different phylogroups. The PCA lot is represented by thre (X, Y, and Z axes) dimensional orientation, wh re d fferent color codes indicate r pective (orange for phylogroup D2; blue, for A1, yell w for B23, green for B22, and dark red green for B1) phylogroups in the PCA plots. Most of the sampl s of th c rresponding phylo roup clustered in th first quadrant, indicating their close phylogenetic r lationship. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-diversity-of-apec-isolates-according-to-various-2rro93oz.png Figure 2. The diversity of APEC isolates according to various typing sys ems. The principle component analysis (PCA) p ots represent the distribution of different phylogroups. The PCA lot is represented by thre (X, Y, and Z axes) dimensional orientation, wh re d fferent color codes indicate r pective (orange for phylogroup D2; blue, for A1, yell w for B23, green for B22, and dark red green for B1) phylogroups in the PCA plots. Most of the sampl s of th c rresponding phylo roup clustered in th first quadrant, indicating their close phylogenetic r lationship. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relationship-between-apec-phylotypes-and-drug-2qridhev.png Table 1. Relationship between APEC phylotypes and drug sensitivity. https://scispace.com/papers/multifunctional-ecological-footprint-analysis-for-assessing-dpp7qpcjtp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modeling-of-the-fruit-production-system-and-5qfp4ian.png Figure 1. Modeling of the fruit production system and schematic representation of the evaluation method. Each stage of the orchard system consumes specific resources and produce specific waste. Such material were accounted and converted into gha via equivalence factors from the GFN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hot-spot-analysis-for-environmental-burdens-of-the-2xkk5egg.png Figure 2. Hot spot analysis for environmental burdens of the considered fruit production systems, considering the contribution to the overall ecological footprint of five production stages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-real-and-virtual-contribution-of-1o8bngsn.png Figure 5. Comparison of the real and virtual contribution of the ecological footprint results accounted by the EFrevenue method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-real-and-virtual-contribution-of-1hr7ll8y.png Figure 6. Comparison of the real and virtual contribution of the ecological footprint results accounted by the EFland method https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-real-and-virtual-contribution-of-1mdveno2.png Figure 4. Comparison of the real and virtual contribution of the ecological footprint results accounted by the EFnutrient method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-real-and-virtual-contribution-of-1ie6hzt9.png Figure 3. Comparison of the real and virtual contribution of the ecological footprint results accounted by the EFproduct method. https://scispace.com/papers/multidimensional-family-therapy-lowers-the-rate-of-cannabis-4vatwm6pdf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trajectories-of-mean-number-of-cannabis-consumption-2bk9dqwe.png Fig. 3. Trajectories of mean number of cannabis consumption days during the 90 days preceding baseline and follow-up assessments. High-severity and lowseverity = above- and below-median number of consumption days at baseline, respectively. MDFT, multidimensional family therapy and IP, individual psychotherapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-and-proportion-of-adolescents-presenting-with-17u03z5z.png Table 2 Number and proportion of adolescents presenting with recent cannabis dependence diagnosis, by site. Results at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proportion-of-adolescents-presenting-with-cannabis-lkmxjnyj.png Fig. 2. Proportion (%) of adolescents presenting with cannabis dependence diagnosis across sites, at baseline and 12-month follow-up. MDFT, multidimensional family therapy; IP, individual psychotherapy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tria-as2vf86t.png Fig. 1. Tria https://scispace.com/papers/multimodal-augmented-reality-tangible-gaming-12kx65gn0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multimodal-architecture-for-tangible-gaming-2j59ie2l.png Figure 1 Multimodal Architecture for Tangible Gaming https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-augmented-reality-firing-technique-1epjovt4.png Figure 2 Augmented reality firing technique https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pinch-glove-interaction-scenarios-a-the-user-is-34sp6sgs.png Figure 5 Pinch glove interaction scenarios (a) the user is picking up a 3D object (in this case a 3D cube) that exists in the AR game; (b) shows how the user can manipulate the 3D object in threedimensions; (c) the user is dropping the 3D object in the gaming arena; (d) the object is placed in the gaming arena in a random position. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ar-racing-game-1g5j8xhc.png Figure 4 AR Racing Game https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-interaction-test-a-graph-showing-users-enjoyment-of-2s17ift5.png Figure 8 Interaction test (a) Graph showing users enjoyment of the tangible interaction method verses their enjoyment of the keyboard interaction; (b) Graph showing the user's level of enjoyment of the keyboard and tangibly controlled versions of the game. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ar-pile-game-a-initial-setup-of-the-game-b-pile-20ktoe8x.png Figure 7 AR Pile game (a) initial setup of the game; (b) pile game in process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-as-the-hand-moves-from-position-a-to-b-the-3frlig6t.png Figure 3 As the hand moves from position A to B, the unintentional anticlockwise rotation created is shown highlighted in yellow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-wiimote-interaction-test-b-data-glove-interaction-30eezsrv.png Figure 6 (a) Wiimote interaction test (b) Data glove interaction test https://scispace.com/papers/multigenerational-independent-colony-for-extraterrestrial-3qookesi8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mission-strategy-2-less-extensive-science-3k5qgbju.png Table 2. Mission Strategy 2 - Less extensive science requirements resulting in more Earth independence https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mission-strategy-3-maximize-science-investment-dr82zcoo.png Table 3. Mission Strategy 3 - Maximize science investment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-micehab-facility-including-habitat-top-left-solar-12dmd7qf.png Figure 4. MICEHAB facility including habitat [top left], solar panels [middle], and service module as counter balance [bottom right]. Tethers are 1/10 the actual length, while the rest of the elements are to scale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-visualization-of-a-power-production-from-various-1kby9dk8.png Figure 6. Visualization of a power production from various solar panel geometries. [Left] WP pointing with alpha/beta articulation, [Right] solar pointing with fixed solar panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-implementation-of-the-autonomous-entity-operations-1epmo3gi.png Figure 16. Implementation of the Autonomous Entity Operations Network for the MICEHAB Model Demonstration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-micehab-vehicle-configuration-left-packaged-for-13dd4gzh.png Figure 1. MICEHAB vehicle configuration: [left] packaged for launch and [right] deployed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-baseline-enclosure-design-with-the-gate-system-and-8oqmicei.png Figure 13. Baseline enclosure design with the gate system and lid in the default closed positions. The ventilation hole on the side allows for air flow into the enclosure and the rail mount on the bottom allows for easy transportation of the enclosure along the center platform and rack structure rail system. The tabs along the front face of the enclosure and waste tray allow for easy removal and manipulation by the maintenance robot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-visualization-of-a-power-production-from-various-2lx525g8.png Figure 5. Visualization of a power production from various solar panel geometries. [Left] WP pointing with fixed panels, [Right] WP Pointing with Alpha articulation. https://scispace.com/papers/multilevel-models-of-age-related-changes-in-facial-shape-in-2jvzv9nc9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-eigenvalues-for-single-level-pca-and-mpca-level-1-1kw57kct.png Figure 3. Eigenvalues for single-level PCA and mPCA level 1 (age) and level 2 (all other variations) for dataset 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-heat-map-of-conditional-probabilities-of-group-32hsj29h.png Figure 10. Heat map of (conditional) probabilities of group membership of Eq. (8) for the 195 shapes in dataset 2 (27 white, male subjects, aged 11 to 16 years old) using “miss-one-out” testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multilevel-model-of-the-effects-of-age-on-facial-71hgd32p.png Figure 1. Multilevel model of the effects of age on facial shape. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-modes-of-shape-variation-in-the-frontal-plane-only-275xijho.png Figure 4. Modes of shape variation in the frontal plane only for dataset 1: (upper left) = mode 1 via single-level PCA; (upper right) = mode 2 via single-level PCA; (lower left) = mode 1 at level 1 (age) via mPCA; (lower right) = mode 1 at level 2 (all other variations) via mPCA. (Landmark points are illustrated in Figure 3.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-centroids-of-standardized-component-scores-for-each-s7jx1zug.png Figure 5. Centroids of standardized component scores for each of the 30 age groups (indicated by labels) for the test shapes in dataset 1 for (left) single-level PCA (modes 1 and 2) and (right) mPCA for mode 1 at level 1 (age). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-standardized-component-scores-with-respect-to-shape-14egu8bi.png Figure 9. Standardized component scores with respect to shape for dataset 2 for (left) single-level PCA and (right) mPCA at level 1 (age). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multilevel-model-represented-as-a-tree-shapes-2-at-3pmm740m.png Figure 2. Multilevel model represented as a tree. Shapes 𝜇𝑙 2 at level 2 are average shapes over all shape data 𝑧 in a given group 𝑙 (e.g., 3 shapes per group are shown above). The shape 𝜇1 at level 1 is the average shape over all of the shape data 𝜇𝑙 2 at level 2 (e.g., 3 groups at level 2 are shown above). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-heat-map-of-conditional-probabilities-of-group-vsrmxic1.png Figure 6. Heat map of (conditional) probabilities of group membership of Eq. (8) for the 3000 test shapes used in dataset 1 (30 age groups and 100 shapes per group). https://scispace.com/papers/multimedia-big-data-computing-for-in-depth-event-analysis-4limlm43tx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-of-images-uploaded-to-instagram-during-2574tpdr.png Figure 4. Histograms of images uploaded to Instagram during the 2014 Mobile World Congress (including the tag ”zuckerberg” as a capturing filter) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-geolocated-instagram-photos-in-barcelona-during-the-3nro0r1v.png Figure 3. Geolocated Instagram photos in Barcelona during the MWC 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-conceptual-scheme-3i09a1jq.png Figure 2. System conceptual scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-instagram-photos-from-2014-mobile-world-1vjpezpa.png Figure 1. Example Instagram photos from 2014 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona https://scispace.com/papers/multimodal-emotion-recognition-in-response-to-videos-26tufxeenw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-all-the-features-extracted-from-eye-gaze-data-and-3payt331.png TABLE 2 All the Features Extracted from Eye Gaze Data and EEG Signals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-this-bar-chart-shows-the-f1-score-for-classification-22ulrk7v.png Fig. 9. This bar chart shows the F1 score for classification results of each class from different modalities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-implicit-affective-tagging-versus-explicit-tagging-3jdfkm1i.png Fig. 1. Implicit affective tagging versus explicit tagging scenarios. The analysis of the bodily responses replaces the direct interaction between user and the computer. Therefore, users do not have to be distracted for tagging the content. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-box-plots-of-four-different-gaze-data-features-in-1cnrr5xy.png Fig. 8. Box plots of four different gaze data features in three emotional conditions. (a) Eye blinking rate for arousal classification. (b) Approach time ratio for valence classification. (c) Blink depth, average blink time, for valence classification. (d) STD of pupil diameter for valence classification. One way ANOVA results showed a significant difference between features mean of different classes (p < 0:05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-from-top-to-bottom-in-the-first-plot-there-is-an-1ellwfjv.png Fig. 7. From top to bottom: In the first plot, there is an example of pupil diameter measures from three different participants in response to one video. The second plot shows the first principal component extracted by PCA from the time series shown in the first plot (the lighting effect). The bottom plot shows the pupil diameter of the blue signal in the first plot after reducing the lighting effect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stimulus-videos-are-shown-in-the-valence-arousal-plane-2xfnm877.png Fig. 3. Stimulus videos are shown in the valence-arousal plane. The center of the ellipses represents the mean arousal and valence and the horizontal and vertical radius represents the standard deviation of the online assessments. The clip codes are printed at the center of each ellipse. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-classification-rate-and-f1-scores-of-emotion-3njfrf40.png TABLE 4 The Classification Rate and F1 Scores of Emotion Recognition for Different Modalities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ten-best-eeg-features-for-arousal-and-valence-22s4zeyv.png TABLE 3 Ten Best EEG Features for Arousal and Valence Classification Based on Linear Discrimination Criterion https://scispace.com/papers/multimodal-laughter-detection-in-natural-discourses-4akrb4bxy2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-35ciiphk.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3fz1a4ae.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/multimode-optical-fiber-bragg-gratings-modeling-simulation-3mw1ywsb7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-7-fiber-chromatic-dispersion-compensation-using-a-32pavr6g.png Fig. 2-7 Fiber chromatic dispersion compensation using a linearly chirped FBG reflector (C. R. Giles, 1997). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-8-topographic-maps-that-illustrate-a-coupling-1cstuipp.png Fig. 5-8 Topographic maps that illustrate (a) coupling coefficient deployment, and (b) phase-matching condition, or Bragg reflection condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-11-corresponding-calculated-reflectivity-spectra-of-ruasxfij.png Fig. 5-11 Corresponding calculated reflectivity spectra of Fig. 5-10 (d) assuming a O.Olnm wavelength-resolution simulating. Here, we neglect subpeaks effect with the same explanation as Fig. 5-7 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-8-normalized-propagation-constant-b-as-function-of-3dt4gmla.png Fig. 3-8 Normalized propagation constant b as function of normalized frequency V for the guided modes of the optical fiber. 39 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-11-power-law-refractive-index-profile-n-r-for-wkt77d6o.png Fig. 3-11 Power-law refractive index profile n (r) for different values of p. 43 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-6-a-variety-of-reflector-configurations-used-to-16lv9xp6.png Fig. 2-6 A variety of reflector configurations used to enhance amplifier performance (C. R. Giles and J. Stone, et al., 1991). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-a-schematic-representation-of-an-intra-core-bragg-2ypb5fu1.png Fig. 2-1 A schematic representation of an intra-core Bragg grating, with the planes of the modulated index of refraction shown along with reflected and transmitted light beams (Andreas Othonos and Kyriacos Kalli, 1999). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-variations-of-b-u-and-w-for-the-fundamental-mode-3ur4feao.png Table 3-1 Variations of b, U, and W for the fundamental mode of the step index fiber https://scispace.com/papers/multimodality-bronchoscopic-imaging-of-recurrent-respiratory-17zpwdajt6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bronchoscopy-shows-the-oct-probe-overlying-the-37wqeymx.png Figure 2. Bronchoscopy shows the OCT probe overlying the pedunculated upper tracheal papilloma (A) and the normal tracheal wall (B). Two dimensional OCT images reveal the papilloma tissue with central fibrovascular core (C) and the normal mucosal structural layers (D). OCT image size is 2 mm horizontal and 2.2 mm (in air, vertical). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-papilloma-tissue-consists-of-stratified-13isbx21.png Figure 3. A The papilloma tissue consists of stratified squamous cells with koilocytic atypia and a central fibrovascular core (magnification 20×, H&E). B. Corresponding OCT reveals heterogeneous light backscattering layer suggesting the mucosal abnormality and a high degree scattering layer suggesting the central fibrovascular core. C. Bronchoscopy immediately after laser treatment shows restored airway patency. D. Bronchoscopy four weeks later reveals velvety mucosal abnormality but no airway obstruction. https://scispace.com/papers/multimodal-recognition-of-visual-concepts-using-histograms-159spwgbte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-flowchart-of-the-proposed-approach-for-visual-13w5h63b.png Figure 1: The flowchart of the proposed approach for visual concept recognition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-miap-performance-of-different-fusion-methods-1n5eqim3.png Figure 6: The MiAP performance of different fusion methods based on SWLF scheme using the visual features on the validation set (a) and test set (b). As required by SWLF, the features are first sorted by descending order in terms of iAP of their corresponding experts. Then, the number of fused features N is increased from 1 to 24 (total number of visual features). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-miap-performance-on-the-test-dataset-of-the-1bt6j25w.png Figure 14: The MiAP performance on the test dataset of the fused experts through SWLF when varying the size of the validation dataset from 20% to 100% of the size of the original validation set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-miap-performance-of-textual-features-on-the-2zl335ch.png Figure 7: The MiAP performance of textual features on the validation set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-miap-performance-of-different-textual-9s6z3trb.png Figure 10: The MiAP performance of different textual approaches on the test set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-miap-performance-of-different-fusion-methods-16nv7rly.png Figure 9: The MiAP performance of different fusion methods based on the SWLF scheme using textual features on the validation set (a) and test set (b). As required by SWLF, the features are first sorted by descending order in terms of iAP of their corresponding experts. Then, the number of fused features N is increased from 1 to 10 (total number of textual features). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-occurrence-frequency-of-textual-features-22qkirpl.png Figure 15: The occurrence frequency of textual features within the top 5 features selected by the SWLF for the 13 concepts for which we achieved the best iAP values in the ImageCLEF 2011 Photo annotation task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-iap-performance-of-affect-related-visual-2uszweiy.png Figure 13: The iAP performance of affect related visual features on the 9 sentimental concepts on the validation set compared to the best single visual feature RGB-SIFT. https://scispace.com/papers/multipath-routing-with-adaptive-playback-scheduling-for-33s7lsgbf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-direct-path-and-concatenated-paths-between-node-1-and-2zdy38je.png Fig. 2. Direct path and concatenated paths between node 1 and 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-r-factor-on-the-optimal-multipath-upper-line-vs-r-37d8h7mj.png Fig. 5. R-factor on the optimal multipath (upper line) VS R-factor on direct path for a source-destination pair. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-difference-between-the-r-factor-on-the-real-optimal-zx7h1pni.png Fig. 6. Difference between the R-factor on the real optimal multipath and that on the estimated optimal multipath. The real optimal multipath is evaluated at the receiver based on the R-factor received by voice traffic on all possible multipaths. The estimated optimal multipath is evaluated at the sender based on the estimated R-factor for all possible multipaths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-fitting-to-network-queuing-delay-samples-1vykoemw.png Fig. 4. Distribution fitting to network queuing delay samples (the propagation delay has been removed from the measured network delay samples) https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-optimal-multipath-selection-algorithm-l0squu1c.png TABLE I OPTIMAL MULTIPATH SELECTION ALGORITHM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overlay-nodes-collect-and-pre-process-network-8chzi6ti.png Fig. 3. Overlay nodes collect and pre-process network performance measurements, then the pre-processed network performance feature vectors [µ, α, β, l] are sent to data fusion center to make optimal multipath routing decisions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-service-overlay-network-the-overlay-nodes-are-iishdxpv.png Fig. 1. Service Overlay Network. The overlay nodes are interconnected by virtual connections over the current best effort Internet. https://scispace.com/papers/multiphase-topology-optimization-of-lattice-injection-molds-2quztekwdi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-result-optimal-unit-cell-phases-distribution-of-1b04e18p.png Fig. 16. The result optimal unit cell phases distribution of the design domain for the core plate with conformal cooling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-result-optimal-unit-cell-phases-distribution-of-srqiq2ky.png Fig. 14. The result optimal unit cell phases distribution of the design domain for the core plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-boundary-conditions-and-fea-results-of-the-core-plate-2n45jlwj.png Fig. 13. Boundary conditions and FEA results of the core plate with solid matrix: (a) mechanical loads and supports; (b) thermal heat flux and sink (cooling channel); (c) nodal displacement; and (d) nodal temperature distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-boundary-conditions-and-fea-results-of-the-core-plate-2fo4g3i9.png Fig. 15. Boundary conditions and FEA results of the core plate with solid matrix and conformal cooling channels: (a) mechanical loads and supports; (b) thermal heat flux, sink (cooling channel), and insulation; (c) nodal displacement; and (d) nodal temperature distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-of-proposed-design-approach-2gsd8ti0.png Fig. 1. Flowchart of proposed design approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-boundary-conditions-and-results-of-the-fea-for-a-plate-2x4o2ukf.png Fig. 6. Boundary conditions and results of the FEA for a plate: (a) mechanical load and supports; (b) thermal heat flux, sink, and insulation; (c) nodal displacement; and (d) nodal temperature distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-interpolation-of-elasticity-coefficients-and-thermal-1ka1wv5p.png Fig. 7. Interpolation of elasticity coefficients and thermal conductivity for 2D unit cells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-function-values-for-the-initial-and-nwmvj9s4.png Table 2. Performance function values for the initial and final designs of the cavity https://scispace.com/papers/multiple-chromosomal-inversions-contribute-to-adaptive-4ef5bxr8m9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-genetic-map-comparisons-for-a-pet05-01-b-pet09-01-c-269y350n.png FIGURE 4 Genetic map comparisons for (a) pet05.01, (b) pet09.01, (c) pet11.01 and (d) pet17.01. 925 Maps for non-dune (top panels) and dune (bottom panels) are plotted relative to the 926 HA412HOv2 reference genome. Regions identified by lostruct and the markers that fall within 927 them are highlighted in violet. Different patterns of marker orders are shown: reverse ordering 928 between ecotypes for pet05.01 (a); recombination suppression in both maps for pet09.01 (b); 929 similar forward ordering for pet14.01 (c); as well as recombination suppression in one map and 930 reverse ordering in another for pet17.01(d) 931 932 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clusters-of-mds-outliers-obtained-with-lostruct-mds-11xgzhoq.png TABLE 1 Clusters of MDS outliers obtained with “lostruct”. MDS coordinates for which the 882 outlier regions were identified, reference chromosomes with start and end positions of MDS 883 outlier clusters, numbers of MDS outlier windows, variance explained by PC1 and PC2 in PCA of 884 outlier regions, proportions of between-cluster sum of squares in k-means clustering, codes 885 used in main text for putative inversions, as well as P-values of the “prop.test” for haplotype 886 frequency differences between ecotypes are shown 887 888 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bayes-factors-of-genome-environment-association-3k4wz35s.png TABLE 2 Bayes factors of genome-environment association analyses with coverage and soil data 893 for putative inversions treated as single loci. Asterisks indicate Bayes factors above significance 894 thresholds computed with simulated POD samples 895 896 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-great-sand-dune-national-park-showing-rnswhl65.png FIGURE 3 Map of Great Sand Dune National Park showing genotype distributions of (a) pet05.01, 917 (b) pet09.01, (c) pet11.01 and (d) pet14.01. Genotypes are based on k-means cluster 918 assignment in PCA. One of the haplotypes (inversion orientations) is more commonly found in 919 dunes, which are represented by barren land surrounded by shrubby habitat in the map. Land 920 cover classification downloaded from Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium 921 (https://www.mrlc.gov/) at 30-m resolution 922 923 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-genome-environment-association-for-a-grasses-b-2araupv2.png FIGURE 5 Genome-environment association for (a) % grasses, (b) coverage PC1, (c) soil NO3 934 nitrogen and (d) soil PC2. Bayes factors (BFis, in deciban unit) was estimated using the 935 importance sampling estimator approach in BayPass. SNPs on different reference chromosomes 936 are represented in alternate colors. The locations and BFis values of 7 putative inversions are 937 indicated by red solid bars. Red horizontal dashed lines represent 1% significance thresholds 938 computed from simulated samples 939 940 https://scispace.com/papers/multiple-origins-of-dichotomous-and-lateral-branching-during-35exoou3dq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dichotomous-root-branching-in-lorophyton-goense-a-28hjrbhq.png Figure 2 Dichotomous root branching in Lorophyton goense. a, Drawing of the most 410 complete specimen of L. goense19, based on ULG 2057a and ULG 2057b, with the extent of 411 ULG 2057b preserving the rooting system highlighted with blue box. b, Specimen ULG 412 2057b showing the tuft of roots attached to the base of the stem with roots preserved as pale 413 axes with dark outlines, arrowheads highlight the roots for which higher magnification 414 images are provided. c-h, Higher magnification images showing the defining features of the 415 dichotomously branching roots. c, Left, magnified image of root marked by arrowhead A in 416 (b), right, drawing of the root in dark grey with vascular strand highlighted in light grey. d, 417 Left, magnified image of two roots marked by arrowhead B in (b), right, drawing of the roots 418 numbered 1 and 2 in dark grey with vascular strands highlighted in light grey. e, Top, 419 magnified image of two roots marked by arrowhead C in (b), bottom, drawing of the roots 420 numbered 1 and 2 in dark grey with vascular strand highlighted in light grey. f-g, Magnified 421 image of roots illustrated in (d, e), with white arrowheads indicating two vascular strands in 422 an axis prior to point of bifurcation. f, magnified image of root d1, g magnified image root d2, 423 h, magnified image of roots e1 and e2. Scale bars, 4 cm (a, b), 5 mm (c-e) and 2 mm (f-h). 424 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-root-branching-types-in-devonian-and-carboniferous-qdg41n0z.png Table 1. Root branching types in Devonian and Carboniferous euphyllophytes. 442 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-multiple-origins-of-dichotomous-and-lateral-2abni8a8.png Figure 3 Multiple origins of dichotomous and lateral branching during root evolution. 426 Root branching type for major lineages of vascular plants during the Devonian and 427 Carboniferous periods based on data in Table 1 and Supplementary Table 1. Dichotomous 428 branching (blue boxes) is common in euphyllophyte lineages during the Devonian and 429 Carboniferous. Lateral root branching (green) evolved at different times in the major groups 430 of euphyllophytes. Many lineages developed roots that branched both dichotomously and 431 laterally (blue and green split boxes) a characteristic not found in extant species. Phylogeny 432 of extant groups based on17 phylogeny of extinct groups highlighted with (†) based on9,16. 433 Temporal ages of lineages based on29,30. Independent origin of roots in lycophytes and 434 euphyllophytes based on4,7,8,11. Origin of roots (star) in euphyllophytes is predicted as a 435 character of crown group euphyllophytes based on the observation in this study that all 436 major groups of lignophytes and early monilophytes developed roots. 437 https://scispace.com/papers/multiple-myeloma-treatment-at-relapse-after-autologous-stem-55jyhx4jx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-recent-studies-investigating-newer-agent-r3lbjs3k.png Table 1. Overview of recent studies investigating newer agent combinations in relapsed multiple myeloma https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-principal-regimen-available-for-treatment-of-first-1rfnb4zg.png Figure 1. Principal regimen available for treatment of first relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and relevant factors for https://scispace.com/papers/multiple-primary-malignancies-in-patients-with-renal-cell-48mwmt0ul1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-location-of-all-other-primary-tumours-according-eajz38yq.png TABLE 1 The location of all other primary tumours according to the time (relative to the diagnosis of RCC) that they were diagnosed https://scispace.com/papers/multiple-sensors-voting-methods-and-target-value-analysis-d3p5qfp20q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-graphical-radar-display-of-the-simulated-target-102j9fah.png Figure 1 - A graphical (Radar) display of the simulated target data used to test the voting schemes. We (our aircraft) is unlabeled, at the origin of the drawn axes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-success-rates-for-character-recognition-methods-1p3z82hz.png Table 1: Success rates for character recognition methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-voting-rules-for-rank-ordering-k6s8bdid.png Table 2: Results of the Voting Rules for Rank Ordering https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensor-data-for-threat-analysis-problem-1y639g3z.png Table 3: Sensor Data For Threat Analysis Problem https://scispace.com/papers/multiplexed-illumination-for-scene-recovery-in-the-presence-1t0r752obw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-images-needed-for-scene-recovery-in-the-3p172e31.png Table 1. Number of images needed for scene recovery in the presence of global illumination. The “ideal” case refers to light sources that can project perfect step edges. The “practical” case refers to physically realizable light sources, and uses sinusoidal patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-projected-light-patterns-and-captured-images-for-1377vand.png Figure 4.Projected light patterns and captured images for phase shifting on a v-groove. (a) The amplitudesA1, A2, A3 for the three (collocated) light sources, implemented with a low frequency (1 cycle/image width) to avoid unwrapping. (b) We modulate the three light sources with high frequency sinusoids shifting over time and simultaneously project the modulated light patterns. (c)The corresponding captured input images for the proposed method. Depth estimation results are given in Fig.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-brdf-and-surface-normal-estimation-of-a-shiny-cake-1rwjlpwh.png Figure 6.BRDF and surface normal estimation of a shiny cake mold.We usedN = 9 lights and compared three methods: no direct-global separation, the conventional method (i.e., sequential separation with a shifting checkerboard) [11], and the proposed method. Sequential separation using a sinusoid requires9×3 = 27 images in this case.Column 1: One of the direct components (for no separation, it is one of the captured image).Column 2: Recovered surface normal map (color coded).Column 3: Estimated BRDF (rendered as a sphere under natural environment lighting).Column 4: Rendered images with the estimated BRDF and surface normals. Column 5: Recovered depth for the selected region (red rectangle). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scene-recovery-results-for-a-v-groove-a-shape-from-3hy48640.png Figure 1.Scene recovery results for a v-groove:(a) shape from shading (one source); (b) intensity ratio (twsources); (c) phase shifting (three sources); and (d) photometric stereo (three sources). Row 1: One of the captured images without direct-global separation. Row 2: The separated direct component using our method.Row 3: Recovered depth profiles. In (d), we also show the recoveredsurface normals (as needle maps) and albedo maps obtained with and without direct-global separation. Our method faithfully recovers scene information, while requiring fewer images than applying the separation method [11] sequentially. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-recovery-of-surface-normal-and-depth-of-a-banana-qq4a5bkw.png Figure 5.Recovery of surface normal and depth of a banana using photometric stereo (N = 3). (a) One of the three captured images without direct-global separation. (b) The corresponding direct illumination separated with the proposed method. (c) Ground truth depth map estimated by the sequential separation witha shifting checkerboard pattern [11] (3 × 25 = 75 images). Row 2: Results without direct-global separation — (d) recovered normals, (e) estimated depth map, and (f) depth error ((e)-(c)).Row 3: Results of the proposed method (2 × 3 + 1 = 7 images), where (i) depth error is (h)-(c). Without separation, there is an averg of 19% error in the recovered depth; with our method, it’s only4%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-depth-recovery-of-a-room-in-a-pop-up-book-using-37rakux4.png Figure 7.Depth recovery of a room in a pop-up book using phase shifting(N = 3). (a) The scene exhibits strong inter-reflections. (b) The corresponding direct component, separated with the proposed method. (c) Ground truth depth measured by scanning a si le tripe of light. (d)(e)(f) Recovered depth maps for three methods:no direct-global separation, the sequential separation method [11], and the proposed method. Note that performing direct-global separation sequentially using sinusoids requires9 images. (g)(h) Depth error maps computed using the ground truth. (i) Rendering of (f) for a different view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-signal-to-noise-ratio-snr-characteristics-of-the-1h8woare.png Figure 3.Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) characteristics of the proposed method. We assume a Gaussian model for both the photon noise and the read noise. Thex-axis is the ratio between the standard deviation of the photon noise (σp) and that of the read noise (σr). They-axis is the SNR gain of the proposed method with respect to the sequential separation method [11]. Red dotdash line: the theoretical result.Blue solid line: the simulation result (forN = 30 lights). https://scispace.com/papers/multipolar-ferrite-assisted-synchronous-reluctance-machines-4ar9oregu5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-characteristic-shear-stress-for-the-same-design-inputs-39hb0rdu.png Fig. 8. Characteristic shear stress, for the same design inputs declared in Fig. 7. lt/g is fixed and equal to 30. All the 0 curves are plotted starting from a/g=25, since for lower a/g values the approximation (19) is too imprecise. a) 0 is referred to the outer values of typical la,pu and Vm,pu design spaces. (Br = 0.34T); b) Effect of Br with la,pu=0.4 and Vm,pu=0.35. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-characteristic-electric-loading-design-inputs-q-3-n-3-3n6vxjph.png Fig. 7. Characteristic electric loading. Design inputs: q = 3, n = 3, nr = 14, kw = 0.96, b = 0.55, kt = 0.9, ktip=1.4. a) Effect of lt/g, la,pu and Vm,pu, with Br = 0.34T. b) Effect of Br with lt/g = 30, la,pu=0.4 and Vm,pu=0.35. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-torque-curves-of-the-twin-prototypes-of-fig-14-at-2c5mdgr3.png Fig. 16. Torque curves of the twin prototypes of Fig. 14 at constant current amplitude and variable phase angle. Both the FEA results and the experimental data refer to a stabilized value of the operating PMs temperature (that is, 100°C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-experiments-fea-and-model-comparison-of-the-results-3ktu8gbo.png TABLE IV EXPERIMENTS, FEA AND MODEL: COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rectified-pole-of-a-fasr-machine-with-a-three-layer-3hlx2p0s.png Fig. 1. Rectified pole of a FASR machine with a three-layer rotor and the PMs magnetized radial-wise. The dq axes follow the SR model approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-magnetic-curves-of-hitachi-ferrite-grade-nmf-3c-and-v2sw4f1e.png Fig. 10. Magnetic curves of Hitachi Ferrite grade NMF-3C, and graphical expression of the Bm,irr.pu at -60°C and 20°C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-pf-top-and-current-loading-components-bottom-at-1kjzd1jw.png Fig. 9. PF (top) and current loading components (bottom) at “Natural Compensation” as functions of the pole pitch to airgap ratio and the PM grade. Same design parameters as in Fig. 7 and 8 (lt/g = 30, la,pu=0.4 and Vm,pu=0.35). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-twin-fasr-prototypes-shaft-connected-on-the-test-rig-27riyvox.png Fig. 14. Twin FASR prototypes, shaft connected on the test rig. https://scispace.com/papers/multiscale-benchmarking-of-drug-delivery-vectors-2wgxbtfegx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-biological-response-of-cell-death-as-a-function-of-329tj7vv.png Figure 7: Biological response (% of cell death) as a function of: (A) effective vector dose concentration and (B) the solution concentration of the PEI molecules that are present at the surface of the delivery vectors. Legend: P-PEI (blue symbols), NP-PEI (red symbols) and mol-PEI (green https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-electron-micrograph-of-np-pei-b-np-pei-size-c7f68hg3.png Figure 1: (A) Electron micrograph of NP-PEI; (B) NP-PEI size histogram based on electron micrograph; (C & D) Electron micrograph of bare µP and P-PEI respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/multiscale-multiphysics-model-for-hydrogen-embrittlement-in-235r45jxh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-redistribution-of-hydrogen-in-the-3fl2lsyy.png Figure 3. Shows the redistribution of hydrogen in the microstructural domain after a few seconds, (b) and (c) hydrogen distributions without mesh and with mesh respectively (Dotted circles show the accumulation of hydrogen on triple junctions, (d) hydrogen distribution (solid line and its unit in mol.H/nm 3 ) and stress distribution (dotted line) along the normalized path along arrowed line shown in Figure 3(c). It also shows the stresses in the vicinity of the crack tip are higher in model with microstructural feature (i.e S m =65.1721E-012 N/nm 2 ) and lower in model without microstructure feature(i.e S I =53.4389E-012 N/nm 2 ). (e) Shows the change in hydrogen concentration with the normalized distance along various GB paths towards TJs (i.e the value 1 in x-axis is the TJ). The hydrogen concentration values for 130 data are collected along 18 GBs belong to 5TJ s (i.e among 5TJ, 3TJ have four GBs per TJ and 2TJ have 3GB per TJ ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-the-mechanical-response-in-the-16ydryem.png Figure 2. Shows the mechanical response in the microstructural region for uniform applied stress (a) von Mises stress (N/nm 2 ), (b) Shear stress in (N/nm 2 ), (c) shows the predicted von Mises stress (N/nm 2 ) without microstructural anisotropy effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-shows-the-macro-scale-combustion-chamber-of-a-ucnciziq.png Figure 1. (a) Shows the macro scale combustion chamber of a rocket [14]. (b) Geometry of 2D MCCD macro model domain. (c) Microstructural polycrystalline model composed of grains and grain boundary affected zones (darker) with a pre-placed nano crack at bottom left. (d) Close-up view of nano grain (shaded), grain boundaries and below a higher magnification showing grain boundary affected zones (GBAZ). https://scispace.com/papers/multiresolution-storage-and-search-in-sensor-networks-3258pvc89y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-codec-for-the-ipaq-2pwcr6f4.png Fig. 13. Codec for the Ipaq https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-example-of-a-greedy-algorithm-for-a-16-node-rsrq6on5.png Table III. Example of a greedy algorithm for a 16 node network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-drill-down-daily-max-query-performs-quite-well-in-an-1m2tt37j.png Fig. 22. Drill-down Daily MAX query performs quite well in an irregular setting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-requirement-estimates-for-scientific-1azg3ssz.png Table I. Data Requirement estimates for Scientific Applications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-long-term-storage-2ebpsipm.png Fig. 4. Long term storage https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-comparing-the-error-in-omniscient-entire-datasevs-29iufgnb.png Table VI. Comparing the error in Omniscient (entire) Datasevs Training (first 6 years) Dataset https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-of-omniscient-training-and-greedy-re9hs0cx.png Fig. 16. Comparison of Omniscient, Training and Greedy strategies for GlobalYearlyMax query(α = 0.002) https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-comparison-of-between-omniscient-training-and-2ys6bgwe.png Table VII. Comparison of between omniscient, training and greedy schemes. Training is within 1% of the omniscient scheme. The greedy algorithm shows significant variability to the choice ofβ, however, thebalanced resolution bias performs within 2% of the omniscient scheme. https://scispace.com/papers/multiscale-molecular-dynamics-hydrodynamics-implementation-1zelgg4ftx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-parameters-used-in-md-simulations-23-rhb-is-the-1hr4k9g9.png Table 1. The parameters used in MD simulations [23]; rHB is the hydrogen bond length, mH2O is the water molecule mass, I is the moment of inertia, HB is the hydrogen bond energy, LJ is the Lennard-Jones energy, σ ∗ LJ is 0.7 of the r ∗ HB https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-radial-distribution-function-of-the-mb-particles-in-31fffc34.png Fig. 11. Radial distribution function of the MB particles in the center of the circular shape profile of the coupling parameter ‘s’, where s = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-translational-velocity-auto-correlation-function-of-3lznjpny.png Fig. 12. Translational velocity auto-correlation function of the MB particles in the center of the profile of the coupling parameter ‘s’, where s = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-radial-distribution-function-at-t-0-16-the-reference-30jxf82l.png Fig. 5. Radial distribution function at T ∗ = 0.16. The reference molecule is shown in green. The ‘interstitial’ water is in magenta https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-translational-velocity-auto-correlation-function-for-1c7hrsbp.png Fig. 10. Translational velocity auto-correlation function for different s values calculated from the particles velocities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-radial-distribution-function-for-different-s-values-24mix5ng.png Fig. 9. Radial distribution function for different s values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-velocity-x-component-profiles-of-the-md-phase-1eardqf9.png Fig. 8. Velocity x component profiles of the MD phase https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-difference-between-the-mixture-and-phase-v1lb5adz.png Fig. 7. The difference between the mixture and phase velocities a) ũx − https://scispace.com/papers/multistate-luminescent-solar-concentrator-smart-windows-1g5nwhfytg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photographs-of-yell25c-cell-in-the-stn-0-vrms-left-1stgafm7.png Figure 4. Photographs of Yell25c cell in the STN (0 VRMS, left), focal conic, scattering (10 VRMS, center), and homeotropic (28 VRMS, right) states when the device is oriented normal (top row) or at an oblique angle (bottom row) to a distant visual. Note the brightly emitting edges visible in the bottom row of photographs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-average-transmission-in-par-400-700-nm-haze-3u55srgv.png Table 3. Measured average transmission in PAR (400–700 nm), haze factor, and the energy absorbed and emitted in region 1 and region 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-e7-filled-lsc-cells-and-their-composition-17qyh5gy.png Table 1. List of E7 filled LSC cells and their composition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absorbance-solid-lines-and-edge-emission-dashed-3dfaakfi.png Figure 1. Absorbance (solid lines) and edge emission (dashed lines) spectra of 20 µm gap cells containing 0.25% K160 dye and either 0 wt% (black lines) or 3.4 wt% (red lines) of chiral dopant S-811 in host LC E7 measured with (left) unpolarized light; (top right) light polarized parallel to the alignment direction; and (bottom right) light polarized perpendicular to the alignment direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-total-integrated-edge-emission-from-350-to-850-nm-3h1fx62j.png Figure 3. Total integrated edge emission from 350 to 850 nm of the planar Yell25 (black) and STN Yell25c (red) samples as a function of applied voltage. Dashed vertical lines indicate state changes for the STN cells. https://scispace.com/papers/multistate-statistical-modeling-a-tool-to-build-a-lung-2mirxkhwp0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-1ymvb70a.png Table 1 Patient Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-prediction-for-recurrence-and-death-based-on-pr6rg9dk.png Figure 2 Risk prediction for recurrence and death, based on Kaplan-Meier estimates, with (black) and without (gray) correction for competing risks. For the sake of the example, local recurrence and metastasis are combined in a single variable ‘‘Recurrence.’’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stacked-cumulative-risk-a-random-draw-between-0-and-7x2ohjsd.png Figure 3 Stacked cumulative risk: a random draw between 0 and 1 determines the event (death, local recurrence [LR], or metastasis [M]) and the timing of the event. As an example, a random draw of 0.36 results in a metastasis after 150 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-fit-of-the-3-models-for-transitions-1-5-for-rt1-a-27hkbqlm.png Figure 5 (A) Fit of the 3 models for transitions 1–5 for RT1 (A) and RT2 (B). Note the different scaling for each transition on the x and y axes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-survival-curves-of-the-data-and-the-calibrated-3jgh5qkz.png Figure 8 Survival curves of the data and the calibrated model for RT1 (A) and RT2 (B), with a 95% confidence interval based on the joint correlations of the log hazard ratios, representing the parameter uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structure-of-the-microsimulation-model-10ar0nz8.png Figure 1 Structure of the microsimulation model, corresponding to the structure of the multistate model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-results-of-a-simulation-round-of-the-model-for-2qm0t0vv.png Figure 7 The results of a simulation round of the model for strategy RT1 (A) and RT2 (B) compared with the survival curve obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-model-1-with-and-without-calibration-for-overall-2pd700dm.png Figure 6 Model 1 with and without calibration for overall survival in both strategies. https://scispace.com/papers/multivariate-posterior-singular-spectrum-analysis-mj7job1uhr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mpssa-analysis-of-the-artificial-bivariate-series-96sj9uav.png Fig. 4 MPSSA analysis of the artificial bivariate series. Upper panel: The f (2) part of the bivariate MSSA components, calculated from the bivariate series {f (1), f (2)} with window length L = 34. Lower panel: The simultaneous credibility atlas for f (2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mpssa-analysis-of-the-nao-time-series-upper-panel-the-8y19f0bz.png Fig. 8 MPSSA analysis of the NAO time series. Upper panel: The NAO part of the bivariate MSSA components, calculated from the bivariate posterior mean. Lower panel: The NAO components’ simultaneous credibility atlas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mpssa-analysis-of-the-soi-time-series-upper-panel-the-jy3vwhcf.png Fig. 9 MPSSA analysis of the SOI time series. Upper panel: The SOI part of the bivariate MSSA components, calculated from the bivariate posterior mean. Lower panel: The SOI components’ simultaneous credibility atlas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mpssa-analysis-of-the-artificial-bivariate-series-2cfmj1rz.png Fig. 3 MPSSA analysis of the artificial bivariate series. Upper panel: The f (1) part of the bivariate MSSA components, calculated from the bivariate series {f (1), f (2)} with window length L = 34. Lower panel: The simultaneous credibility atlas for f (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-a-credibility-map-its-the-associated-ssa-14jbx1r1.png Fig. 1 An example of a credibility map its the associated SSA component (solid line, values at the time points shown by circles). See the text for further information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pssa-analysis-of-the-artificial-series-f-2-upper-panel-2jgmywad.png Fig. 6 PSSA analysis of the artificial series f (2). Upper panel: The SSA components of f (2), where L = 25. Lower panel: The simultaneous credibility atlas corresponding to the components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pssa-analysis-of-the-artificial-series-f-1-upper-panel-2c00kxxb.png Fig. 5 PSSA analysis of the artificial series f (1). Upper panel: The SSA components of f (1), where L = 25. Lower panel: The simultaneous credibility atlas corresponding to the components. https://scispace.com/papers/multivariate-testing-confirms-the-effect-of-age-gender-27dq8rd51p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-findings-relating-to-h2-age-congruence-will-have-a-2s23hfuo.png Table 5. Findings relating to H2: Age congruence will have a positive effect on advertising https://scispace.com/papers/multivalent-cation-induced-attraction-of-anionic-polymers-by-33wijgtgoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-the-total-grand-potential-p-from-eqs-27-and-51-26xigzzv.png FIG. 6. (a) The total grand potential ∆Ωp from Eqs. (27) and (51) versus the length lp of the polymer portion in the pore at various Spd3+ densitiesρb3+. The membrane charge density is σm = 0.1 e/nm2. (b) Critical penetration length l∗p where the grand potential becomes attractive against the Spd 3+ density at different membrane charge densities σm. The other parameters are the same as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-main-plot-critical-pore-radius-d-where-polymer-pore-ka2hxzlg.png FIG. 5. Main plot: Critical pore radius d∗ where polymer-pore interactions turn from repulsive to attractive against the Spd3+ concentration. Inset: Total polymer grand potential versus the pore radius d at the Spd3+ concentration ρb3+ = 10 4 M. The monovalent cation density isρb+ = 0.01 M. The membrane charge is σm = 0.05 e/nm2 (black) and σm = 0.2 e/nm2 (red). The remaining parameters are the same as in Fig. 2. The square symbols are from the scaling law of Eq. (70) with the fitting parameter c′m = 0.6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-polyelectrolyte-with-20wvg00i.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the polyelectrolyte with line charge density τ located on the axis of the cylindrical nanopore. The pore has radius d and fixed negative surface charge density σm. The polymer portion inside the pore has length lp. The membrane and pore dielectric permittivities are, respectively, εm = 2 and εw = 80. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thermodynamic-limit-lp-of-the-total-grand-potential-p-l2tmgsuq.png FIG. 2. Thermodynamic limit lp → ∞ of the total grand potential ∆Ωp (main plot) and the polymer self-energy ∆Ωs (inset) versus membrane charge σm in a monovalent solution of bulk density ρb = 0.01 M. The nanopore radius is d = 3 nm. Solid curves are obtained from Eqs. (27) and (54) and the dots are obtained from the numerical solution of Eqs. (13)–(16). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phase-diagram-critical-multivalent-cation-g4fb9ty0.png FIG. 4. Phase diagram: Critical multivalent cation concentration ρ∗bm+ versus membrane charge density curves splitting the parameter regimes with attractive and repulsive polymer-pore interactions in the electrolyte mixtures (a) NaCl + MgCl2 (m = 2) and (b) NaCl + SpdCl3 (m = 3). The monovalent cation concentration ρb+ is indicated above each curve. The other parameters are the same as in Fig. 2. The square symbols correspond to the scaling law of Eq. (69) with the fitting parameter cm = 4.0 in (a) and cm = 5.2 in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thermodynamic-limit-lp-of-the-total-grand-potential-p-2epumisv.png FIG. 3. Thermodynamic limit lp → ∞ of the total grand potential ∆Ωp (main plot) and the polymer self-energy ∆Ωs (inset) versus trivalent cation density ρb3+ in the electrolyte mixture NaCl+SpdCl3 with monovalent cation density ρ b+ = 0.01 M. The membrane charge is σm = 0.01 e/nm 2 (black), σm = 0.03 e/nm2 (blue), and σm = 0.1 e/nm2 (red). The remaining parameters are the same as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/multiview-acquisition-systems-4yal5dddb4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-differences-between-standard-and-plenoptic-ijynikpd.png Figure 3.4: Differences between standard and plenoptic cameras: from above (axes x, j, s) or the side (axes y, j, t) the rays converging as a single point at the back wall of the darkroom are summed in the first and differentiated by refraction and sampling in the second https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-examples-of-integrated-cameras-left-a-cam-box-2i2eamq5.png Figure 3.3: Examples of integrated cameras: left, a Cam-Box prototype camera with eight integrated perspectives developed by 3DTV Solutions and the University of Reims and, right, the Lytro plenoptic camera https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-examples-of-rigs-left-binocle-brigger-iii-in-a-19hekixr.png Figure 3.2: Examples of rigs: left, Binocle Brigger III in a studio configuration, a robotized rig for 3D TV, right, a heliborne rig with four cameras used by Binocle for the film La France entre ciel et mer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-geometry-of-the-stereoscopic-shooting-device-and-1uugce13.png Figure 3.1: Geometry of the stereoscopic shooting device and that of the stereoscopic display device can be described by the same low number of parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-examples-of-3d-video-studios-from-top-left-1225ft40.png Figure 3.5: Examples of 3D video studios: from top left, circular arrangement of twelve cameras showing the scenic space used as an intersection of camera field depth zones (in light gray); top right and below, the studio of the Recover3d project36 https://scispace.com/papers/mungbean-vigna-radiata-as-a-source-of-income-among-farmers-33zbm9if44 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mungbean-production-data-c1kd41yt.png Table 4. Mungbean Production data https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-profile-of-respondents-10bvhahc.png Table 1. Socio-demographic profile of respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cost-and-return-analysis-for-mungbean-and-rice-per-1wm4ocbn.png Table 5. Cost and Return Analysis for Mungbean and Rice per Hectare at San Mateo, Isabela https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-no-of-harvesters-per-hectare-mz8sf1p5.png Table 2. No. of harvesters per hectare https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-marketing-35859zh3.png Table 3. Marketing https://scispace.com/papers/multiway-principal-component-analysis-contributions-for-42n3vg6oj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-damage-indices-of-all-experimental-records-2hfya7ax.png Figure 10. Damage indices of all experimental records. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-localization-of-damage-2-vwm03hfu.png Figure 14. Localization of damage 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-localization-of-damage-7-3j3u50m5.png Figure 19. Localization of damage 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-localization-of-damage-5-1824l5im.png Figure 17. Localization of damage 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-example-of-energy-of-contributions-of-each-sensor-2u5ya2j9.png Figure 12. Example of energy of contributions of each sensor to Q-statistic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-localization-of-damage-1-2fdphhhf.png Figure 13. Localization of damage 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-localization-of-damage-8-1gohd0sn.png Figure 20. Localization of damage 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-localization-of-damage-6-11679vc1.png Figure 18. Localization of damage 6 https://scispace.com/papers/murine-monoclonal-antibodies-against-rbd-of-sars-cov-2-2em1egainl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-558-2z3wzqap.png Table 1 558 https://scispace.com/papers/musical-acoustics-of-orchestral-water-crotales-5fpw3espe3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-zildjian-c6-crotale-b-one-octave-zildjian-crotale-3ndh1sou.png FIG. 1. (a) A Zildjian C6 crotale. (b) One octave Zildjian crotale set mounted on a conventional stand, with pitches arranged as on a keyboard instrument. (c) C6 crotale suspended in water with string. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-espi-images-of-c6-crotale-modes-in-air-nodal-regions-c5aq20pd.png FIG. 2. ESPI images of C6 crotale modes in air. Nodal regions appear white; gray lines represent contours of equal amplitude surface motion. (a) First eight mode pairs with standard mount (clamped center). (b) Three additional modes when freely suspended. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-maximum-percentage-frequency-decrease-fully-submerged-6nltlc3b.png FIG. 8. Maximum percentage frequency decrease (fully submerged) of fundamental mode vs crotale pitch, for five Zildjian and one Paiste (F8) crotales. The water effect is largest for the lowest pitched crotale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-espi-images-of-the-c6-fundamental-20-mode-pairs-at-24i6y2lu.png FIG. 9. ESPI images of the C6 fundamental (2,0) mode pairs at different water depths. (a) The (2,0) modes in air. The modes are nearly degenerate, with Df¼ 3 Hz (0.3%). (b) Water depth d¼ 2 cm. Both modes have decreased in frequency, with the splitting now at Df¼ 16 Hz. The mode on the left, with diagonal nodal lines, shows more overall motion in the region of water contact and thus has the lower frequency. (c) Water depth d¼ 5 cm. Both frequencies are lower still, with a frequency splitting of Df¼ 22 Hz. At this depth the mode with diagonal nodal lines has less overall motion in the water contact region, and thus has the higher frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-c6-crotale-mode-frequencies-in-air-obtained-using-1y7qz5k8.png TABLE I. C6 crotale mode frequencies in air obtained using electronic speckle-pattern interferometry. The third column shows the percentage of frequency splitting for each mode pair. The fourth column shows the overtone ratio relative to the fundamental (2,0) mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-espi-images-of-c6-crotale-modes-while-partially-1ik7lj5h.png FIG. 3. ESPI images of C6 crotale modes while partially submerged in water (d¼ 5 cm). Horizontal water line is visible just below the middle of the crotale. (a) Clamped at center. (b) Freely suspended. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-numerical-plots-showing-the-relative-frequency-vs-layo38ok.png FIG. 10. Numerical plots showing the relative frequency vs water depth for three mode pairs (n¼ 0 in each case) based on the qualitative model of Sec. IV. Note that the number of frequency splittings is equal to 2 m in each case. Compare with the experimental data shown in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-vs-water-depth-for-c6-crotale-modes-shown-in-1ue0z0ie.png FIG. 4. Frequency vs water depth for C6 crotale modes shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The mode pair frequencies have been averaged, as the splitting is not clearly visible on this scale. Mode designations (m,n) are shown to the right. https://scispace.com/papers/musical-instrument-identification-based-on-f0-dependent-3df5cgheja 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contents-of-the-database-used-in-this-paper-3huebvzn.png Table 2. Contents of the database used in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-categorization-of-19-instruments-2m7wgmm0.png Table 3. Categorization of 19 instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-accuracy-by-usual-distribution-baseline-and-19ak6fyn.png Table 4. Accuracy by usual distribution (baseline) and F0dependent distribution (proposed). https://scispace.com/papers/my-smartphone-is-an-extension-of-myself-a-holistic-qe1x1mdmyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-focus-groups-schedule-2alf2eje.png Table 2: Focus groups schedule https://scispace.com/papers/my-language-thing-is-like-a-big-shadow-always-behind-me-38xaq4ygjb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-super-ordinate-theme-2-with-master-and-sub-themes-1kn21e72.png Figure 6: Super-ordinate theme 2, with master and sub-themes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-super-ordinate-themes-for-study-b-1vecfnm5.png Figure 8: Super-ordinate themes for study B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-super-ordinate-and-master-themes-for-study-a-fwy35r3q.png Figure 4: Super-ordinate and master themes for study A https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-super-ordinate-theme-3-with-master-and-sub-themes-3hv7u7qe.png Figure 7: Super-ordinate theme 3, with master and sub-themes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-super-ordinate-themes-for-study-a-3akn4bwz.png Figure 3: Super-ordinate themes for study A https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-to-coding-colours-5hcfyana.png Table 1: Key to Coding Colours https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-of-coding-3w3aaya9.png Table 2: Example of Coding https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-figure-for-recurrent-themes-19241wyx.png Figure 2: Example of figure for recurrent themes https://scispace.com/papers/mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex-lineage-5-exhibits-high-3e15c96pma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-genes-in-the-l5-3-2-del-region-pcbl5nig-del-and-17jii941.png Table 3. Genes in the L5.3.2- Del region (PcbL5Nig- Del) and their function category. None of the 30 genes is an essential gene (Mycobrowser). The 30 genes formed 2 regions: Rv1493 through Rv1509 (L5.3.2- Del region 1) and Rv1511 through Rv1521 (L5.3.2- Del region 2), separated by the gene Rv1510, which is present in the L5.3.2 isolate. All genes in the table are absent from all L5.3.2 genomes (both PacBio- and Illumina- sequenced), except those marked with an asterisk (*), which are present in the PacBio- sequenced genome (PcbL5Nig) but absent in all six Illumina- sequenced genomes, and the one marked with a hash (#) (Rv1492), which is a gene present in all L5.3.2 strains and flanking the L5.3.2- specific deletion https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mapping-of-illumina-sequenced-genomes-of-the-202-l5-k4j8l2xz.png Table 4. Mapping of Illumina- sequenced genomes of the 202 L5 strains to the M. tuberculosis H37Rv (L4) genome and complete genomes of 3 L5 strains from Benin, The Gambia and Nigeria (mapping statistics/estimates). The best mapping results (numbers) are written in bold. When the best mapping result has been obtained for PcbL5Nig as the reference, the next best result is also written in bold (as PcbL5Nig compared to the other 2 PcbL5 genomes missed a 30- gene region) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-transmission-clustering-rates-based-on-2hrw48c4.png Table 6. Comparison of transmission clustering rates based on choice of reference genome. Short- read data from 355 L5 strains were mapped against each of the 4 reference genomes for SNP calling. Distance matrices between all strains were constructed per the reference approach and transmission clusters were defined based on specific SNP cut- offs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phylogenetic-tree-showing-the-illumina-sequenced-34dzitlh.png Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree showing the Illumina- sequenced genomes of the six L5 strains (L5.3.2) similar to the complete (PacBiosequenced) genome of the Nigerian L5 strain (PcbL5Nig) and the position of the other two PacBio- sequenced L5 genomes (PcbL5Ben and PcbL5Gam). NigDel=L5Nig- Del=L5.3.2- Del=region of 30 genes (2 blocks of 19 and 11 genes: Rv1493 through Rv1509 and Rv1511 through Rv1521) missing in L5.3.2 strains but present in all other L5 strains (L5.1, L5.2, L5.3.1 and new sub- lineages). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presence-in-illumina-sequenced-genomes-from-202-l5-2xn6fpp4.png Table 1. Presence in Illumina- sequenced genomes from 202 L5 strains of genes detected in only 1 of the complete genomes of the 3 L5 strains from Benin, The Gambia and Nigeria https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gene-content-difference-between-the-m-tuberculosis-3u4eo5wh.png Table 2. Gene content difference between the M. tuberculosis H37Rv (L4) genome and the complete (PacBio- sequenced) genomes of three L5 strains from Benin, The Gambia and Nigeria https://scispace.com/papers/mycn-amplification-and-atrx-mutations-are-incompatible-in-3ulwqf4g4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-atrx-mutations-in-neuroblastoma-epa0g5qx.png Table 1 Distribution of ATRX mutations in neuroblastoma. https://scispace.com/papers/mycotoxin-production-of-alternaria-strains-isolated-from-1rooopnhna 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1vqm46jz.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phylogenetic-tree-constructed-based-on-the-combined-vk36q2ac.png Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on the combined datasets of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and rpb2 gene sequences using maximum likelihood method. The sequence of Alternaria alternantherae CBS 124392 was selected as the outgroup. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phylogenetic-tree-constructed-based-on-the-its-rdna-1ayegb9h.png Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on the ITS rDNA sequences using neighborjoining method. The sequences of Dendryphiella salina and Cochliobolus heterostrophus were selected as the outgroups. Numbers at the nodes indicate the bootstrap values (> 50%) of 1,000 replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-standard-calibration-curves-for-alternaria-mycotoxins-2ezu7rdj.png Fig. 6. Standard calibration curves for Alternaria mycotoxins: ALT, ATX-I, TeA, AOH, AME. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-2cnck7l2.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multiple-reaction-monitoring-mrm-chromatogram-for-2j8hnv11.png Fig. 5. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) chromatogram for selective ion chromatogram: (A) ALT, (B) ATX-I, (C) AOH, and (D) AME obtained from the culture of strain EMLBLDF1-4; (E) ALT, (F) AOH, and (G) AME obtained from the culture of strain EMLBLDF1-14; (H) TeA, and (I) ALT obtained from the culture of strain EML-BLDF1-18. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-78isq6ht.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gw7uv608.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/n-82-shell-quenching-of-the-classical-r-process-waiting-40rjik8p82 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-comparison-of-normalized-mass-deviations-29kyjae5.png FIG. 3 (color online). Comparison of normalized mass deviations of 50Sn and 48Cd isotopes from model predictions with ‘‘shell quenching’’ [25,26,28], experimental values, and very recent short-range extrapolations for 135–137Sn and 129–132Cd [15,21] relative to the ‘‘unquenched’’ FRDM [22]. The deviation to our experimental value of 130Cd corresponds to a mass difference of 1.57 MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-fermi-kurie-plot-of-130cd-the-inset-shows-3g4xrz8r.png FIG. 2 (color online). Fermi-Kurie plot of 130Cd. The inset shows a ‘‘Way-Wood’’ diagram for even-even nuclides in the 132Sn region, including our new experimental value for 130Cd and the recent extrapolation for 132Cd of Audi et al. [15]. For discussion, see text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-partial-decay-scheme-of-130cd-in-comparison-with-ly9qp8nf.png FIG. 1. Partial decay scheme of 130Cd, in comparison with predictions of low-lying 1 , 3 , 0 , and 1 levels in 130In from shell-model calculations using the code OXBASH. For further details, see the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-solar-system-r-process-abundances-nr-213isry4.png FIG. 4. Comparison of the solar system r-process abundances (Nr; ) in the A ’ 130 peak region with model predictions. Within the classical ‘‘waiting-point’’ concept, the ‘‘longer’’ half-lives concluded from our new nuclear-structure information result in a better reproduction of the rising wing of the solar r-abundance (Nr; ) peak. https://scispace.com/papers/n-homocysteinylation-of-tau-and-map1-is-increased-in-autopsy-3fbo8l69ym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tau-and-map1a-homocysteinylation-and-their-69ou9ifh.png Figure 3. Tau and MAP1a homocysteinylation and their interaction with β-tubulin in rat models of methyl donor (folate and vitamin B12) deficiency. (A) 6-month-old rats fed a diet deficient in folate and vitamin B12: Immunohistochemical analysis of tau and Hcy in the hippocampal CA1 cell layer (delineated by white lines) of control and MDD rats showing evidence of cell colocalization of the two proteins, and occurrence of tau aggregates. Cell nuclei were counterstained by DAPI. (B) Quantification of in situ interactions between tau/Hcy, tau/β-tubulin, MAP1a/Hcy, MAP1a/β-tubulin and MARS/Hcy monitored by the Duolink® assay in the hippocampal CA1 cell layer of 6 month-old control (n= 6) and MDD (n= 6) rats. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: **p< 0.01. (C) rats born to deficient dams: quantification of in situ interactions between tau/Hcy monitored by the Duolink® assay in the hippocampal CA1 cell layer of rat embryos (E20), pups (21d) and elderly born to control (n= 4) and MDD (n= 4) dams. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: **p< 0.01. (D) Quantification of in situ interactions between MAP1a/Hcy monitored by the Duolink® assay in the hippocampal CA1 cell layer of rat embryos (E20), pups (21d) and elderly born to control (n= 4) and MDD (n= 4) dams. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: **p< 0.01. (E) Evaluation of the postnatal learning function (hippocampus- and nonhippocampus-dependent) in pups. The homing success represents the ability of pups to go back to their home-cage in the T-maze (C= 33, MDD= 35). (F) and (G) Evaluation of hippocampal learning function over a 5 day-session in young rats (40–44 days of age). The escape latency (F) and the number of errors (G) committed (means±sem, C= 22; MDD= 29, ANOVA) are the main parameters reflecting spatial learning in the multiple T-maze. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tau-and-map1a-homocysteinylation-and-their-2rt2od9k.png Figure 4. Tau and MAP1a homocysteinylation and their interaction with β-tubulin in brains of Cd320 KO mice with selective cerebral deficit in vitamin B12. (A) Quantification of in situ interactions between Tau/Hcy monitored by the Duolink® assay in the hippocampal CA1 cell layer, in the cortex (Cx) and cerebellum (Cbl) of Wild Type (WT, n= 6) and Cd320 KO (KO, n= 6) rats. Pictures show computational reconstitution of Tau/Hcy interaction dots in the hippocampus analyzed by the BlobFinder freeware. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: **p< 0.01. (B) Quantification of in situ interactions between MAP1/Hcy and between MAP1/PSD95 monitored by the Duolink® assay in the hippocampal CA1 cell layer, in the cortex (Cx) and cerebellum (Cbl) of Wild Type (WT, n= 6) and CD320 KO (KO, n= 6) rats. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: **p< 0.01. (C) Tau and MAP1a homocysteinylation in the hippocampus of wild type (WT) or Cd320 KO (KO) mice as shown by Hcy immuno-precipitation followed by Tau and MAP1 immunodetection (IP Hcy/ WB tau and IP Hcy/ WB MAP1a), respectively. Experiments were performed in triplicate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effects-of-folate-deficiency-and-mars-expression-on-8zbl21oj.png Figure 5. Effects of folate deficiency and MARS expression on N-homocysteinylation of tau and its interaction with β-tubulin in H19-7 neuroprogenitors. (A) Expression of tau and its phosphorylated forms assessed by Western blot in control (C) and folate-deficient (D) H19-7 cells at 6 h and 13 h after induction of differentiation (n= 5). (B) Tau homocysteinylation in 13 h-differentiated (13 h) control (C) and deficient (D) cells as shown by tau immunoprecipitation followed by Hcy immunodetection (Tau IP/Hcy WB) (n= 3). (C) Immunohistochemical analysis of tau and Hcy in control and folate-deficient H19-7 cells showing colocalization of the two proteins and accumulation of aggregates (insert at higher magnification). HcyTh was used as a control to mimic Hcy accumulation. Note similar effect on tau aggregation. (D) Quantification of in situ interactions between Tau/Hcy, Tau/β-tubulin, MAP1/Hcy, MAP1/β-tubulin, and MARS/Hcy monitored by the Duolink® assay in control (C) and folate-deficient (MDD) cells. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: **p< 0.01. Pictures show tau/Hcy interaction dots analyzed by the BlobFinder freeware. (E) Effects of silencing MARS in differentiating H19-7 cells on the expression levels of MARS itself in control (C) and folate-deficient (D) cells at 6 h and 13 h after induction of differentiation (si-= non-targeting siRNA, si+= MARS targeted siRNA). Expression patterns are representative of three separate series of Western blots. (F) Effects of silencing MARS on the homocysteinylation of Tau shown by Tau immunoprecipitation followed by Hcy immunodetection in control (C) and folate-deficient (D) cells at 13 h after induction of differentiation (si−= non-targeting siRNA, si+= MARS targeted siRNA). Expression patterns are representative of three separate series of Western blots. (G) Effects of silencing MARS on the homocysteinylation of Tau monitored by the Duolink® assay in control (C) and deficient H19-7 cell (MDD) at 13 h after induction of differentiation (si-= non-targeting siRNA, siRNA=MARS targeted siRNA). Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: *p< 0.05 and **p< 0.01. (H) Effects of silencing MARS on the functional interaction between Tau and β-Tubulin monitored by the Duolink® assay in control (C) and deficient (MDD) cells at 13 h after induction of differentiation (si−= non-targeting siRNA, siRNA=MARS targeted siRNA). Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: **p< 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tau-homocysteinylation-and-its-interaction-with-b-2qrhjprb.png Figure 1. Tau homocysteinylation and its interaction with β-tubulin in human brain sections and CSF. (A and B) Immunohistochemical analysis at x20 (A) and x60 (B) magnification of tau and Hcy in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum tissue sections from AD cases and age-paired controls from French neuropathological centers. Cell nuclei were counterstained by DAPI. (C) Quantification of in situ interactions between Tau/Hcy, Tau/β-tubulin, and MARS/Hcy monitored by the Duolink® assay in cortex (Cx), hippocampus (Hip) and cerebellum (Cbl) tissue sections from control (n= 4) and AD (n= 4) brains. Pictures were analyzed by the BlobFinder freeware. Statistically significant difference between control and AD: **p< 0.01. (D) Tau homocysteinylation in the CSF of AD patients with high (HH) or low (LH) homocysteinemia as shown by Hcy immuno-precipitation and tau immunoprecipitation followed by Hcy immunodetection. Experiments were performed in triplicate. (E) Oxford OPTIMA collection: quantification of in situ interactions between tau and Hcy monitored by the Duolink® assay in hippocampus tissue sections from the brain of control subjects (Control Braak I/II, n= 3), patients with cerebrovascular disease (VD Braak I/II, n= 3), patients with neurofibrillary degeneration (Braak III/IV, n= 3) and AD (AD, Braak V/VI, n= 8). Statistically significant difference from control: *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effects-of-folate-deficiency-and-mars-expression-on-4k7zw46u.png Figure 6. Effects of folate deficiency and MARS expression on N-homocysteinylation of MAPs and their interaction with β-tubulin in H19-7 neuroprogenitors. (A) MAP1 homocysteinylation sites identified by MS. Homocysteinylated lysine is shown in red. (B) Expression of MAP1a and MAP4 assessed by Western blot in control (C) and folate-deficient (D) cells at 6 h and 13 h after induction of differentiation (n= 3). (C) Effects of silencing MARS on the homocysteinylation of MAP1 monitored by the Duolink® assay in control (C) and deficient H19-7 cell (MDD) at 13 h after induction of differentiation (si-= non-targeting siRNA, siRNA=MARS targeted siRNA). Pictures show the computational reconstitution of Map1a/Hcy interaction (red dots) after analyses by the BlobFinder freeware. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: *p< 0.05 and **p< 0.01. (D) Effects of silencing MARS on the functional interaction between MAP1 and β-tubulin monitored by the Duolink® assay in control (C) and deficient (MDD) cells at 13 h after induction of differentiation (si−= non-targeting siRNA, siRNA=MARS targeted siRNA). Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: **p< 0.01. (E) Effects of silencing MARS on the functional interaction between MAP1 and PSD95 monitored by the Duolink® assay in control (C) and deficient (MDD) cells at 13 h after induction of differentiation (si−= non-targeting siRNA, siRNA=MARS targeted siRNA). Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and MDD: **p< 0.01. (F) Quantification of in situ interactions between MAP1/PSD95 monitored by the Duolink® assay in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum tissue sections from control (n= 4) and AD (n= 4) brains. Pictures were analyzed by the BlobFinder freeware. One red dot is representative of one protein interaction. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistically significant difference between control and AD: **p< 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map1a-homocysteinylation-and-its-interaction-with-b-87f1xy8j.png Figure 2. MAP1a homocysteinylation and its interaction with β-tubulin in human brain sections and CSF. (A) Immunohistochemical analysis of MAP1a and Hcy in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum tissue sections from AD cases and age-paired controls from French neuropathological centers. Note cell colocalization of the two proteins, and the presence of aggregates (lower panel at higher magnification). Cell nuclei were counterstained by DAPI. (B) Quantification of in situ interactions between MAP1a/Hcy, and MAP1a/β-tubulin monitored by the Duolink® assay in cortex (Cx), hippocampus (Hip) and cerebellum (Cbl) tissue sections from control (n= 4) and AD (n= 4) brains. Statistically significant difference between control and AD: **p< 0.01. (C) Accumulation of MAP1a/Hcy coaggregates in neurofibrillary tangles. (D) MAP1a homocysteinylation in the CSF of AD patients with high (HH) or low (LH) homocysteinemia as shown by Hcy immuno-precipitation followed by MAP1 Western blot immunodetection (IP Hcy/ WB MAP1). Experiments were performed in triplicate. (E) Oxford OPTIMA collection: quantification of in situ interactions between tau and Hcy monitored by the Duolink® assay in hippocampus tissue sections from the brain of control subjects (Control Braak I/II, n= 3), patients with cerebrovascular disease (VD Braak I/II, n= 3), patients with neurofibrillary degeneration (Braak III/IV, n= 3) and AD (AD, Braak V/VI, n= 8). Statistically significant difference from control: **p< 0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/n2-broadening-coefficients-of-methyl-chloride-at-room-2qh2g6sguc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-parameters-a0j-deduced-from-the-fit-of-the-measured-gaa5c88g.png Figure 5: Parameters a0J deduced from the fit of the measured N2-broadening coefficients using Eq. [2]. The continuous line represents the smoothed values of these coefficients from Table 5. The error bars are 1SD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sample-of-experimental-n2-broadening-coefficients-q3x8hrgo.png Table 5: Sample of experimental N2-broadening coefficients for the pure rotational band recorded at SOLEIL synchrotron. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-n2-broadening-coefficients-measured-in-the-pure-1hmbl53e.png Figure 9: N2-broadening coefficients measured in the pure rotational band for J values between 55 and 67 and K values between 0 and 12. A large dispersion is present due to low signal-to-noise ratio. The average value (continuous black line) is equal to (0.092 ± 0.009) cm-1.atm-1. The red and blue curves represent the values obtained from the theoretical calculation (see Section 4.2) for J values between 53 and 70 and K values equal to 0 and 15 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-j-and-k-dependences-measured-and-calculated-for-n2-wk1nqayq.png Figure 8: J and K dependences measured and calculated for N2-broadening coefficients. Black open triangles represent the measured line widths from this work, black continuous line corresponds to the widths modelled by the algorithm described in Section 4.1, and blue continuous line indicates the calculations with the semi-classical method of Section 4.2. Red stars stand for the experimental values obtained in Ref. [9] and red dotted line represents the theoretical calculations from Ref. [9]. Blue solid circles symbolize the experimental values of Ref [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-and-characteristics-of-the-1gkpowvf.png Table 1: Experimental conditions and characteristics of the recorded spectra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-the-upper-panel-experimental-absorption-spectrum-ibcrkx9k.png Figure 1: In the upper panel, experimental absorption spectrum (#8, see Table 1 for experimental conditions) of CH3Cl recorded around 55 cm-1 using AILES beamline of SOLEIL synchrotron. This figure gives the K-branches for the two isotopologues CH335Cl and CH337Cl for J= 56 and 57 respectively. The significant irregular multiplicative channel spectrum can be modeled locally (on a small spectral range of around 0.14cm–1) as a background. In the lower panel, as comparison is presented an experimental absorption spectrum (#2, see Table 1 for experimental conditions) of CH3Cl recorded around 2981 cm-1 in LADIR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-0ja-and-2-ja-parameters-in-cm-1-atm-1-obtained-in-1tdlv31g.png Table 2: 0Ja and 2 Ja parameters (in cm -1.atm-1) obtained in this work to reproduce the J and K dependences of the N2-broadening coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-ours-results-of-effective-radius-2e1tcs96.png Figure 2: Comparison between ours results of effective radius of the beam for spectrum #8 and results for spectrum #1 from Ref. [19]. In open triangles, results of effective radius of the beam retrieved from water transitions. In solid triangles, results retrieved from water and C2H2 molecules [19]. The continuous line (see polynomial function in section 3.2.) represents the rotational dependence of the effective radius of the beam used to calculate the apparatus function during the retrieval of broadening parameters. Stars represent the theoretical calculation using SOLEMIO and SRW models [20]. https://scispace.com/papers/nanomechanical-analog-of-a-laser-amplification-of-mechanical-10spolk2w4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-characteristic-transients-of-a-cantilaser-1vjeor0h.png FIG. 2 (color online). Characteristic transients of a cantilaser for different numbers of resonant nuclei within the sensitive slice: (a) N 200 106, (b) 15 106, and (c) 5 106. The main panel shows the normalized amplitude of cantilever oscillations, A t ; the inset shows the longitudinal nuclear polarization, Mz t . The initial conditions are A 0 94, M 0 0, Mz 0 0:3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-of-a-mechanical-laser-device-1pan0sfd.png FIG. 1 (color online). Schematic of a mechanical laser device. https://scispace.com/papers/nanomechanical-resonators-spinning-oscillators-19w5dvdfj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-coupled-nanomechanical-oscillators-and-the-dynamics-3os3saym.png Figure 1 | Coupled nanomechanical oscillators and the dynamics of spin. A Ramsey sequence, similar to that common in NMR, can be applied to the nanomechanical oscillators with suitable control pulses. a, At low control voltage the two mechanical oscillators are effectively decoupled. One of them is driven to a large amplitude (top, black dot) and the voltage is then ramped up to the point of avoided crossing https://scispace.com/papers/nanoscale-charging-hysteresis-measurement-by-multifrequency-2ogcwnega4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-oscillation-amplitude-vs-tip-sample-3ewft44a.png FIG. 3. Color online Oscillation amplitude vs tip-sample separation. When the cantilever is driven below its resonance frequency, peaking of the oscillation amplitude is observed a for 0 V bias and b for 2 V bias. If the drive frequency is above the resonance frequency, no such peaking occurs as seen in c for 0 V bias and d for 2 V bias. Representative theoretical fits obtained by using the same set of parameters and by only changing the bias parameter are shown as solid curves. e The inset shows amplitude vs tip-sample separation scans obtained at 0 V bias before and after charging the film by contacting with a 2 V biased tip. Shift of the curve and broadening of the peak after charging indicate a local surface potential shift. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-electrostatic-excitation-of-the-second-1pb4awt1.png FIG. 2. Color online Electrostatic excitation of the second order mode during a voltage sweep on a clean silicon surface. The arrows denote voltage sweep directions. No hysteresis can be observed. b Electrostatic excitation of the second order mode during a voltage sweep on silicon nitride layer with silicon nanocrystals embedded. Significant hysteresis is observable, indicating charging of nanocrystals. The arrows denote onset of charging and discharging events. The insets show capacitance-voltage traces of macroscopic capacitors fabricated using silicon nitride films without and with nanocrystals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-dependence-of-the-amplitude-of-the-second-13qv33qy.png FIG. 1. Color online Dependence of the amplitude of the second order mechanical mode on dc bias voltage, during tapping with the fundamental mode. The ac frequency was on resonance with the second order mode. Smooth transition of the phase of the oscillation indicates finite capacitive coupling of the drive signal to the dither piezo. https://scispace.com/papers/nanometer-resolution-mask-lithography-with-matter-waves-near-1iny43esvn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-murphy-and-gallagher-approach-rectangular-cells-on-2bii3aeg.png FIG. 7. The Murphy and Gallagher approach: rectangular cells on a hexagonally sampled grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-lithography-setup-a-coordinate-system-l6v3y60j.png FIG. 1. Overview of the lithography setup. A coordinate system is defined so that the positive z direction is normal to the mask and target planes (which are parallel) and pointing away from the source (indicated by the central line). The source field, ψ0, is incident at an angle θ0 on the mask, and just after propagating through it, the mask field is ψ(r‖|zm), where z = zm defines the mask plane. The target field, ψ(r′‖|zt), is obtained after propagation of the mask field to the target plane (z = zt), which is separated from the mask plane by distance d = zt − zm. The vectors r‖ and r′‖ are both perpendicular to the z direction and therefore parallel to the mask and target planes. The pattern shown in the target plane is one of the standard test patterns used in lithography [30]. https://scispace.com/papers/nanoscale-sic-doping-for-enhancing-jc-and-hc2-in-the-2xqhl9dujo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-oftc-resistivity-and-irreversibility-3cf8m0wr.png TABLE I. Comparison ofTc, resistivity, and irreversibility field data for samples A, B, C, D, and one literature sample(pure sintered pellet made from10B).23 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-resistivity-vs-temperature-in-fields-up-to-9-t-for-2xc01w9z.png FIG. 1. The resistivity vs temperature in fields up to 9 T for the undoped(a) and SiC-doped(b) samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-comparison-ofjcshd-for-the-undoped-a-10-wt-sic-doped-2dhsckx0.png FIG. 4. A comparison ofJcsHd for the undoped(A), 10 wt % SiC-doped (B), the clean-limit(C), and the Mg-vapor-treated(D) samples at 4.2 K(a) and 20 K(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-irreversibility-fieldhm-vs-temperature-for-the-1mpqhx0k.png FIG. 5. The irreversibility fieldHM * vs temperature for the samples A, B, C, and D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-m-h-loop-at-20-k-for-the-undoped-sample-a-and-the-2uvjjvoy.png FIG. 3. The M–H loop at 20 K for the undoped sample(A) and the SiCdoped sample(B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-conventional-tem-image-of-an-unreacted-sic-particle-b-hqt8gpd7.png FIG. 6. Conventional TEM image of an unreacted SiC particle,(b) highresolution TEM image of the bulk of the SiC particle, and(c) EELS spec- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-the-z-contrast-image-of-a-typical-mgb2-grain-in-the-1a6vy1hs.png FIG. 8. (a) The Z-contrast image of a typical MgB2 grain in the [100] orientation,(b) high-resolutionZ-contrast image of the bulk of the MgB2 grain showing the Mg columns only, and(c) EELS spectrum of the B K edge from the MgB2 grain. https://scispace.com/papers/nanoscale-double-interfacial-layers-for-improved-31arge5htl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-relative-pce-as-a-function-of-the-1ozpxoef.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the relative PCE as a function of the storage time for the PSCs with (open circles) and without (closed circles) the PTE interfacial layer. The dotted and solid curves are least-squares fits of the stretched exponential decays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-device-structure-and-energy-band-diagram-for-the-2a9tdp05.png Fig. 1. Device structure and energy band diagram for the studied polymer solar cells with nanoscale interfacial layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-uv-vis-absorption-spectra-of-pv-layers-of-2u07ewuu.png Fig. 2. Normalized UV–vis absorption spectra of PV layers of P3HT:PCBM without (black dotted curve) and with (blue solid curve) a PTE interfacial layer after heating treatment at 150 ˚C for 10 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ipce-spectra-of-p3ht-pcbm-solar-cells-without-dotted-1y2xugco.png Fig. 4. IPCE spectra of P3HT:PCBM solar cells without (dotted curve) and with (solid curve) the PTE interfacial layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-j-v-characteristics-of-the-pscs-with-different-2nfeemyl.png Fig. 3. The J-V characteristics of the PSCs with different interface layer structures (a) in the dark and (b) under light illumination. (c) The J-V curves of the illuminated photocurrent for extended reverse bias. The linear lines represent linear fits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-j-e-characteristics-of-hole-only-devices-a-and-1tfxmuaa.png Fig. 5. The J-E characteristics of hole-only devices (a) and electron-only devices (b) with different interfacial layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3-d-topographical-afm-images-of-p3ht-pcbm-films-3mlty2er.png Fig. 6. 3-D topographical AFM images of P3HT:PCBM films without (upper) and with (lower) the PTE interfacial layer after annealing at 150 ˚C. https://scispace.com/papers/nanotomography-based-on-double-asymmetrical-bragg-2aix84fve3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-three-dimensional-rendering-of-the-trabecula-in-edge-37ewgkyd.png FIG. 4. Three-dimensional rendering of the trabecula in edge-enhanced modus. Voxel size 35033503350 nm3 at 22.10 keV. The inset shows single osteocytes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-radiography-of-a-human-bone-trabecula-magnification-2yv9gwbg.png FIG. 3. Radiography of a human bone trabecula. Magnification factor is 50350 and field of view is 5753575 mm2. The inset clearly shows osteocytes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-radiographic-projection-of-a-gold-mesh-with-1500-39iotteb.png FIG. 2. Radiographic projection of a gold mesh with 1500 periods per inch acquired at 22.46 keV, corresponding to a magnification of 60360. The inset shows a detail at a smaller scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-optics-of-the-bragg-magnifier-visible-are-both-2l0ee117.png FIG. 1. X-ray optics of the Bragg magnifier: visible are both crystals fixed on their glass support and mounted on a high resolution goniometer. On the left side the entrance of the 1:1 optic is also visible. https://scispace.com/papers/nanosized-microporous-crystals-emerging-applications-38o3kgmjsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-key-issues-of-nanosized-microporous-materials-30d2lrhv.png Figure 3. Key issues of nanosized microporous materials: zeolites and clays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-techniques-applied-for-preparation-of-zeolite-based-30e31s8h.png Figure 7. Techniques applied for preparation of zeolite-based sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-applications-of-nanoclays-3lh25jnz.png Table 4 Applications of nanoclays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-shape-selective-chemical-sensors-controlled-by-12f52w70.png Figure 8. Shape-selective chemical sensors controlled by zeolites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-toxicity-of-nanosized-zeolites-3m1cc45s.png Table 1. Toxicity of nanosized zeolites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-drugs-and-gases-loaded-in-zeolites-for-biological-3r5t854i.png Table 2. Drugs and gases loaded in zeolites for biological systems and medical applications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-most-important-properties-and-differences-of-3578xrfs.png Figure 1. Most important properties and differences of nanosized microporous materials: (a) zeolites and (b) clays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-spot-inoculation-of-e-coli-onto-thioglycollate-3kojp821.png Figure 11. Spot inoculation of E. coli onto thioglycollate agar plates (in duplicate) following 1-minute interval exposure to Ag + -EMT and Ag 0 -EMT nanosized zeolite samples. Each drawn slice above corresponds to one minute sampling time; the first sample is taken directly after mixing (0 min). https://scispace.com/papers/narrative-centrality-and-negative-affectivity-independent-3a587uzm28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-top-panel-plots-posttraumatic-symptom-severity-1invhfvr.png Figure 1. The top panel plots posttraumatic symptom severity from Study 1 as measured by the PCL as a function of Neuroticism for three levels of the Centrality of Event Scale (CES). Error bars are standard errors. The middle panel plots posttraumatic symptom severity from Study 2 as measured by the IES-R as a function of the GADS and CES. Error bars are standard errors. The bottom panel provides an analogous plot for Study 3, plotting posttraumatic symptom severity as a function of the derived composite measure of negative affectivity for levels of narrative centrality one standard deviation above and below the mean. https://scispace.com/papers/narrative-of-the-second-arctic-expedition-made-by-charles-f-1j29khkl0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-left-valve-x-4-i-r-i-fi-5-6-cross-section-from-stone-ln5fzofy.png Fig. 5 a, left valve x 4; ,.,,,»., .i, r. -i /. fi"-.5 6 cross-section from stone like the first, Dut With fossils of many species, espepolislied section. cially Entomostraca, it having furnished all the species of that class described below, besides three species of Brachiopoda. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-left-valve-edge-curved-occurs-in-great-abundance-in-18e46pnq.png Fig. 7 left valve ^^'^^ edge curved. Occurs in great abundance in company with the magnified four other entomostraca described, and alone in several small pieces of buff limestone. One piece labeled north shore Frobisher Bay, the others without special labels. Forms agreeing with the P. concinua, Jones, from the Canadian Trenton, as also with the elongate P. tenera, Linnarsson (Vester- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-right-valve-valve-where-it-curves-round-sharply-to-39u22ng0.png Fig. 9 a, right valve, valve, where it curves round sharply to meet the posterior side cas o m enoi, ,>, ^^ ^^^^ posterior tuborcle. This ridge is highest in the middle, fig. 9 0, end view. ^ & & ? Length, 2fm m. ; and there sharply elevated and bent slightly toward the dorsal breadth, u mm. margin, while at both ends it is flatter and less distinctly marked off from the rest of the valve. It is separated from the ventral rim by a deep, regularly concave groove, which becomes broader and ill-defined towards the ends of the valve. The whole valve remotely resembles the cast of a bivalve shell with abnormally deep and large pallial and muscular impressions. https://scispace.com/papers/nanotraps-in-porous-electrospun-fibers-for-effective-removal-3fcjlkm5ud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-h-a-sequence-of-frames-showing-the-propagation-of-ngk1oz9n.png Fig. 4 (a–h) A sequence of frames showing the propagation of water upward in the pCAFM/AuNC strip. The red and green color represents the characteristics of AuNCs and FITC dye. (i & j) Front and back sides of the pCAFM/AuNC after spread out of water. The water is efficiently diffused into the membrane, confirmed from the back side of the membrane emitting green fluorescence due to the presence of transported FITC dye. (k & l) Photographs of the nCAFM/AuNC showing the propagation of water after 30 s and 2 min, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-removal-efficiency-of-toxic-metal-ions-pb2-ni2-mn2-2mvnoxwi.png Fig. 5 (a) Removal efficiency of toxic metal ions (Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Hg2+) using the pCAFM/AuNC in water. The pCAFM/AuNC has the ability to remove the metal ions in the order of Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Ni2+ > Mn2+. The concentration is set to 1 ppm for all metal ions. (b) Time dependent removal efficiency of Pb2+ at 1 ppm and 5 ppm concentrations. (c) Effect of initial concentration of Pb2+ on removal efficiency of the pCAFM/AuNC and its comparative removal efficiency with the nCAFM/AuNC. (d) Adsorption capacity for the pCAFM/AuNC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-investigation-on-pb2-binding-interaction-a-haadf-stem-t57iuywq.png Fig. 6 Investigation on Pb2+ binding interaction. (a) HAADF-STEM images and corresponding elemental mapping images of the pCAF/AuNC after treatment with 10 ppm Pb2+. (b) TEM images of adsorbed Pb2+ on the pCAF/AuNC. (c) SEM image of a single pCAF/AuNC treated with 50 ppm Pb2+. The adsorbed Pb2+ ions are formed as a crystal on the surface of fibers. (d) SEM image and elemental mapping of the pCAFM/AuNC treated with 50 ppm Pb2+ (e) and its EDX spectra. The inset shows the adsorbed Pb2+ crystals and their elemental mapping images. (f) XPS spectra of Pb(4f) adsorbed on the pCAFM/AuNC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-tem-image-of-the-gold-nanocluster-aunc-encapsulated-1e4j3m36.png Fig. 1 (a) TEM image of the gold nanocluster (AuNC) encapsulated porous cellulose acetate fiber (pCAF/AuNC). The image clearly demonstrates that the penetration depth is almost uniform throughout the fiber, confirming the deep penetration of AuNCs into the fiber interior. (b) TEM image of AuNCs. The inset shows AuNCs having a lattice spacing of 0.235 nm which corresponds to the (111) lattice plane of the face-centered cubic (fcc) gold. (c and d) HAADF-STEM image and EDS elemental mapping of (e) Au and (f) S. The image confirms that the porous nature of the fiber is highly persistent and does not degrade following the incorporation of AuNCs. (g) EDS intensity line profile of Au taken across the pCAF/ AuNC surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wetting-behavior-of-water-on-porous-and-nonporous-23wbm5mn.png Fig. 3 Wetting behavior of water on porous and nonporous cellulose acetate fibrous membranes before and after encapsulation of AuNCs. Contact angle of the (a) pCAFM (b) pCAFM/AuNC (c) nCAFM, and (d) nCAFM/AuNC. The contact angle of both the pCAFM/AuNC and nCAFM/AuNC suddenly drops down to zero within seconds, followed by the water droplets spreading out and permeating into the membrane. The water droplet was set to 5 mL during the contact angle measurement. Photograph of the water droplet on the (e) pCAFM, (f) nCAFM, (g) pCAFM/AuNC and (h) nCAFM/AuNC. The wet zone in the pCAFM/AuNC and nCAFM/AuNC represents the spreading of water droplets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-image-and-the-cross-sectional-view-of-a-and-b-ncaf-3f2g8smx.png Fig. 2 SEM image and the cross-sectional view of (a and b) nCAF and (c and d) nCAF/AuNC, confirming their nonporous nature. (e) SEM image and EDX mapping of the nCAFM/AuNC (f) C (g) O (h) S and (i) Au. The uniform distribution of AuNCs decorated over the fibrous membrane is clearly seen. https://scispace.com/papers/narrative-sign-restrictions-for-svars-4t9bk89yrw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-around-october-1979-with-and-without-27ogviy5.png Figure 5: Results Around October 1979 with and without Narrative Restrictions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fevd-with-and-without-narrative-sign-restrictions-hqx1r5vz.png Figure 3: FEVD with and without Narrative Sign Restrictions Oil Production Growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-chronology-of-monetary-policy-shocks-3t7258mz.png Figure C.1: Chronology of Monetary Policy Shocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-irfs-with-and-without-sign-narrative-restrictions-bnhuipu2.png Figure A.2: IRFs with and without Sign Narrative Restrictions (Alternative Narrative Sign Restriction 3 – Type B) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-irfs-with-and-without-narrative-sign-restrictions-1cosbfsv.png Figure 2: IRFs with and without Narrative Sign Restrictions Oil Production to Oil Supply Shock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-irfs-with-and-without-narrative-sign-restrictions-mnxjjs17.png Figure 6: IRFs with and without Narrative Sign Restrictions Output https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chronology-of-oil-supply-shocks-growth-rate-of-2qasslf4.png Figure 1: Chronology of Oil Supply Shocks Growth Rate of Crude Oil Production (%) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-historical-decomposition-of-oil-price-movements-fwmt0lfh.png Figure 4: Historical Decomposition of Oil Price Movements around Selected Episodes https://scispace.com/papers/nasa-s-robotic-mining-competition-provides-undergraduates-12b258muzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nasa-rmc-industrial-sponsors-2cl9jiur.png Table 2: NASA RMC Industrial Sponsors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-rmc-team-from-the-university-of-illinois-at-3ckzw4f4.png Figure 4: The RMC team from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign outlines the importance of, the objectives of, and deliverables for their major reviews in their 2016 RMC Systems Engineering Paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-robots-preparing-to-excavate-simulated-martian-3ko7o8f4.png Figure 1. Two robots preparing to excavate simulated Martian regolith in 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-2016-university-of-alabama-rmc-systems-1k7q2eno.png Figure 3: The 2016 University of Alabama RMC Systems Engineering Paper schedule clearly delineates all major activities as well as the three required reviews. (The University of Alabama in collaboration with Shelton State Community College, 2016) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-2016-iowa-state-university-rmc-team-used-a-1c7ia8b0.png Figure 7: The 2016 Iowa State University RMC team used a trade-off assessment early on in their project to select an overall robot design concept. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-students-operating-their-robots-remotely-from-2rd5nqrk.png Figure 2. Students operating their robots remotely from Mission Control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-university-of-illinois-at-chicago-2016-rmc-team-24nrclgb.png Figure 6: The University of Illinois at Chicago 2016 RMC team top level Concept of Operations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nasa-rmc-awards-13sis5lc.png Table 3: NASA RMC Awards https://scispace.com/papers/nationwide-survey-of-the-bulgarian-market-highlights-the-1t0k43ca40 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bulgaria-statistical-regions-the-three-geographical-2qp0r2sx.png Figure 1: Bulgaria Statistical Regions. The three geographical macro-area were obtained 377 by merging contiguous statistical regions proposed by Popescu (2011) as follow: North Region 378 (NR): North-western + North-central region; North-east/South-east Region, (NE-SER): 379 North-eastern + South-eastern Region; South/South-west Region (S-SWR): South central + 380 South-Western region. The name of the Provincial cities included in the study are indicated. 381 Image modified from Popescu, (2011). 382 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-overall-and-within-different-retail-channels-of5tt6qa.png Table 2. Number, overall and within different retail channels, of products belonging to different categories checked in the survey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-cds-associated-to-sn-or-alone-not-included-fkzd9nml.png Table 4: List of CDs (associated to SN or alone) not included in the Official Bulgarian list. https://scispace.com/papers/national-oligopolies-and-economic-geography-2ogf9kzq2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1307vbla.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bifurcation-diagram-with-no-critical-points-12hgsiwf.png Figure 4: Bifurcation diagram with no critical points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bifurcation-diagram-with-two-break-points-and-no-3lrufefm.png Figure 3: Bifurcation diagram with two break points and no sustain points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bifurcation-diagram-with-two-sustain-points-and-no-30ydm6x2.png Figure 2: Bifurcation diagram with two sustain points and no break points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-welfare-t-1-73-in36ailr.png Figure 9: Welfare, τ = 1.73 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bifurcation-diagram-t-0-03-2mbg3gtq.png Figure 8: Bifurcation diagram, τ = 0.03 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bifurcation-diagram-t-1-73-29vgsqfw.png Figure 7: Bifurcation diagram, τ = 1.73 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-welfare-t-0-03-3ri7lzgd.png Figure 10: Welfare, τ = 0.03 https://scispace.com/papers/natural-selection-influenced-the-genetic-architecture-of-1tkb3cikjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-background-selection-enrichments-seven-phenotypes-zoc09mei.png Table 2 Background selection enrichments. Seven phenotypes whose observed scale heritability (h2) estimates demonstrated significant enrichment (q<0.05) of background selection (BGS) in at least one genomic annotation of per-SNP B-statistic measures. FDR significant https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functional-annotation-enrichments-three-phenotypes-26piczr5.png Table 1 Functional annotation enrichments. Three phenotypes whose observed scale heritability (h2) estimates demonstrated significant (q<0.05) enrichment of loci in genic and lossof-function (LoF) intolerant regions of the genome. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-enrichment-of-natural-selection-and-functional-l1701gyk.png Figure 1 Enrichment of natural selection and functional annotation measures. Significant enrichments of genic and loss-of-function (LoF) intolerant loci (A) and three genomic https://scispace.com/papers/nature-vs-nurture-the-making-of-the-montado-ecosystem-4h2w7qumww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-projections-of-sampled-sites-on-the-1st-18-1-of-2gsy2668.png Fig. 5. Projections of sampled sites on the 1st (18.1% of explained variance for birds and 25.8% for plants) and 2nd axes (8.8% of explained variance for birds and 8.3% for plants) of the RDA for both birds and plants. Scores are indicated by color: blue and green are positive, red and yellow are negative; dot size is proportional to sample scores. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-land-variables-generation-land-use-types-1v610l6u.png Fig. 2. Example of Land variables generation: land-use types within a 1-km radius circle (Sample Site 286), extracted from aerial photographs. The arrow describes the process of photo interpretation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-explained-variance-and-significance-level-full-model-kvbicoun.png Table 2. Explained variance and significance level (full model) of all models tested in the partial RDA. Nonsignificant values (p > 0.05) are marked in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-the-partial-rda-with-three-sets-of-1dg3ywf2.png Fig. 4. Results of the partial RDA with three sets of explanatory variables for two biological groups, both individually and combined (see Fig. 3 for scheme; Table 2 explains the significance). NS: p > 0.05; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.001. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampling-site-locations-in-the-alentejo-region-3eufta00.png Fig. 1. Sampling site locations in the Alentejo region, southern Portugal, superimposed on an Eco variable, namely date of first frost (data obtained from the Portuguese Meteorological Service). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-glm-using-longitude-as-the-explanatory-variable-nsj4w55g.png Fig. 6. A) GLM using longitude as the explanatory variable (represented in km on the X axis); the Y axis represents plant cover (1–6) and bird frequency (1–18). The blue lines represent species that were more abundant in the west; brown lines represent species that showed a preference for the interior. B) GLM using latitude as the explanatory variable (represented in km on the X axis). The red lines represent species that were more abundant in the south; green lines represent species that showed a preference for the north. Species labels are abbreviated. See main text for a complete description. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-explanatory-variables-79-used-in-3syk4xzh.png Table 1. Description of the explanatory variables (79) used in the analysis. Variables are grouped by Ecological variables (Eco – 22 variables), Land use and landscape metrics (Land – 24 variables) and Agro-economic variables (Ae – 33 variables). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summarized-results-from-dca-rda-and-glm-analysis-1yxd4to8.png Table 4. Summarized results from DCA, RDA, and GLM analysis. Positive and negative responses to latitude and longitude gradients are indicated by + and –. https://scispace.com/papers/nature-inspired-geometrical-design-of-a-chemical-reactor-3d82jkvhd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-entropy-production-j-k-1s-1-for-the-reference-23pjltb5.png Table 2: Total entropy production (J K−1s−1) for the reference, (D)-optimal and (D,L)-optimal. The percentage in parenthesis represent the reduction in entropy production obtained with respect to the reference case. Results from a previous work [6] for (Tamb)-optimal and (Tamb,L)-optimal are also reported for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-inside-the-reactor-as-a-function-of-the-4onbyo13.png Figure 2: Temperature inside the reactor as a function of the scaled position, for the reference (dotted line), (D)-optimal (dashed thick line), (D,L)-optimal (solid thick line). Results from a previous work [6] for (Tamb)-optimal (dashed thin line), (Tamb,L)-optimal (solid thin line) are also reported for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-total-entropy-production-sirr-of-the-reference-1q16to4w.png Figure 4: The total entropy production, Σirr, of the reference (circle) and of the optimal diameter reactor (solid line) a function of reactor length, L. The different contributions to the total entropy production are also shown: Σirr,dT (dashed line), Σirr,dp (dash-dotted line) and Σirr,∆G (dotted line).The vertical line indicates the reactor length for which a minimum in entropy production is obtained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-volume-v-of-the-reference-circle-and-optimal-2ljyb86i.png Figure 5: Total volume, V , of the reference (circle) and optimal diameter reactor (solid line), and total surface area, S tot , of the reference (square) and of the optimal diameter reactor (dashed line) as functions of reactor length.). The vertical line indicates the reactor length for which a minimum in entropy production is obtained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pressure-along-the-reactor-as-a-function-of-the-1f40xuhc.png Figure 6: Pressure along the reactor as a function of the scaled position, for the reference (dashed line), (D)-optimal (dotted line), (D,L)-optimal (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-the-cross-sectional-perimeter-as-1eimtqfi.png Figure 3: Comparison between the cross sectional perimeter as a function of scaled position in the optimized reactor and in the reindeer nose. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-chemical-data-for-components-in-the-gas-mixture-6-1iccyilb.png Table A.4: Chemical data for components in the gas mixture [6, 20]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sketch-of-the-plug-flow-reactor-adapted-from-ref-6-3onmu8jk.png Figure 1: Sketch of the plug-flow reactor. Adapted from Ref. [6]. https://scispace.com/papers/navigating-the-legal-advice-maze-knowledge-expectations-and-1er9tmk4p1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-awareness-and-previous-contact-with-legal-advice-1vih1bby.png Figure 1. Awareness and previous contact with legal advice sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-delegation-preference-and-3kzl90ym.png Figure 5. Relationship between delegation preference and adviser type (based on model output and controlling for other variables) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-what-respondents-actually-got-from-different-3f86ny8c.png Figure 4. What respondents actually got from different advisers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-what-respondents-actually-got-from-advice-sources-by-3uwquj0m.png Table 4. What respondents actually got from advice sources by problem type https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-what-respondents-hoped-to-get-and-666avnt9.png Figure 2. Comparison of what respondents hoped to get and actually got from advice sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-delegation-preference-and-2lptlu6t.png Figure 6. Relationship between delegation preference and problem type https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multilevel-binary-logistic-regression-output-2a5juqjz.png Table 1. Multilevel binary logistic regression output modelling lack of knowledge of four key advisor types (compared to some knowledge) on the basis of a range of variables. Statistically significant model terms are in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multilevel-ordinal-regression-output-modelling-the-dzi8pepw.png Table 5. Multilevel ordinal regression output modelling the extent to which respondents wanted to delegate responsibility to advisors when faced with problems on the basis of a range of variables. The reference outcome category was ‘directed support’ and statistically significant model terms are shown in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/navigation-and-sar-focusing-with-map-aiding-3px49rl740 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sar-image-of-washington-d-c-image-sandia-national-1s5t5dt5.png Figure 1: SAR image of Washington D.C. Image: Sandia National Laboratories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-global-backprojection-method-for-creating-sar-1pnexq82.png Figure 3: The global backprojection method for creating SAR images. The scene consists of only one point target in this illustration. The figure is not to scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optical-image-of-capitol-hill-washington-d-c-with-1g309hqh.png Figure 2: Optical image of Capitol Hill, Washington D.C. with surroundings. Image: Google Maps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-combined-entropy-e-and-loss-function-j-around-the-auaj18pv.png Figure 14: Combined entropy, E, and loss function, J , around the global minumum of the loss function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-1-illustration-of-the-proposed-matching-bx9222ms.png Figure 7: Example 1: Illustration of the proposed matching procedure starting with the SAR image patch, going through extracted edge image and showing the results of the matching by overlaying SAR patch on the optical image map. Also, only a frame is placed on the optical map for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-2-illustration-of-the-proposed-matching-10y9dati.png Figure 8: Example 2: Illustration of the proposed matching procedure starting with the SAR image patch, going through extracted edge image and showing the results of the matching by overlaying SAR patch on the optical image map. Also, only a frame is placed on the optical map for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-value-of-the-loss-function-as-a-function-of-an-lip4am8a.png Figure 11: The value of the loss function as a function of an error in initial acceleration in Y -direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-value-of-the-loss-function-as-a-function-of-an-tghb85il.png Figure 12: The value of the loss function as a function of an error in initial velocity in X-direction and acceleration in Y -direction. https://scispace.com/papers/navigation-of-autonomous-vehicles-for-oil-spill-cleaning-in-4xeda4o4ng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-different-neighbourhoods-in-local-1rxkt9qd.png Figure 5. Illustration of different neighbourhoods in local navigation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-switch-between-local-and-global-2krmm9o1.png Figure 3. Illustration of the switch between local and global navigation. (a) Local navigation (Level 0). (b) Global navigation (Level 1). (c) Global navigation (Level 2). https://scispace.com/papers/nciplot4-a-new-step-towards-a-fast-quantification-of-1kgc677oyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-data-fitting-of-the-integral-i2-5-and-the-sh7rh4u3.png Figure 4: Left: Data fitting of the integral I2.5 and the interaction energy for S66 dimers.13 Right: The predicted interaction energy and the exact interaction energy for all S66x8 dimers.15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-standard-nci-index-representations-for-an-adenine-2wibk40m.png Figure 1: Standard NCI index representations for an adenine-thymine dimer using a promolecular density. a) s(r) plotted against sign(λ2)ρ(r). b) isosurfaces of s(r) = 0.3 colored by sign(λ2)ρ(r). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ab40-monomer-at-the-initial-geometry-pdb-2m4j-and-3lgqau0d.png Figure 9: Aβ40 monomer at the initial geometry (PDB) 2M4J and after 200 ns of classical dynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-data-fitting-of-the-integral-i2-5-and-the-1w16t4eu.png Figure 6: Data fitting of the integral I2.5 and the interaction energy for S66 dimers.32 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2d-schematic-diagram-of-multi-level-grids-from-uknrskxt.png Figure 2: 2D schematic diagram of multi-level grids, from coarse (left) to fine grids (right) with 4 : 2 : 1 increments. The density and the s values are computed at the active points of the coarse, medium and fine grids (from left to right). The small blue boxes are the active boxes of the finest grid, which really contribute to form the isosurface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-predicted-interaction-energy-and-the-exact-1uzjwpsx.png Figure 7: The predicted interaction energy and the exact interaction energy for all S66x8 dimers. The dashed red line represents x = y. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nci-obtained-from-the-two-integration-approaches-4rcy3sm6.png Figure 2: 2D schematic diagram of multi-level grids, from coarse (left) to fine grids (right) with 4 : 2 : 1 increments. The density and the s values are computed at the active points of the coarse, medium and fine grids (from left to right). The small blue boxes are the active boxes of the finest grid, which really contribute to form the isosurface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bsse-corrected-interaction-energies-plotted-against-afwepczh.png Figure 6: Data fitting of the integral I2.5 and the interaction energy for S66 dimers.32 https://scispace.com/papers/near-duplicate-detection-by-instance-level-constrained-1p867q4yeu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-near-duplicate-detection-intercoder-agreement-12x4ninx.png Table 1: Near-duplicate Detection Intercoder Agreement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-of-constraints-vs-f1-all-graphs-share-the-l9zlv477.png Figure 4: Number of Constraints vs. F1. (All graphs share the same legends) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-near-duplicate-example-goyeun5w.png Figure 1: Near-duplicate Example https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-duplicate-detection-technologies-r2oda7m5.png Table 2: Comparison of Duplicate Detection Technologies https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-execution-time-in-seconds-3uvbzto5.png Table 3: Execution time (in seconds). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-clustering-algorithm-33qgrjk3.png Figure 3: Clustering Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-constraint-transitive-closure-example-2r9l0jtr.png Figure 2: Constraint Transitive Closure Example https://scispace.com/papers/near-field-wavepackets-and-the-far-field-sound-of-a-subsonic-2il9ug0uk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-between-near-field-and-far-field-m-0-39ilbp91.png Figure 10: Comparison between near-field and far-field m = 0 pressure mode signals for both full signal and POD reconstruction. 2σp (– –, where σp is the standard deviation of p̃0,FF) is also plotted to show peaks of the far-field signal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-geometric-considerations-for-time-domain-330g7s6r.png Figure 16: Geometric considerations for time-domain predictions with a finite window Fourier transform. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-cumulative-m-0-pod-mode-near-field-far-field-3nk63sjf.png Figure 15: Cumulative m = 0 POD mode near field–far field correlations (Cp̃NFp̃FF) for projection using equation (8). The absolute maximum for each subplot is indicated in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparision-of-pse-estimates-and-auto-spectra-25h9sdyv.png Figure 8: Comparision of PSE estimates and auto-spectra phases for m = 0 and M = 0.6. Reference is x/D = 2. See figure 7 for legend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-normalised-retarded-correlation-between-near-field-2jmizqdi.png Figure 11: Normalised retarded correlation between near-field p̃0 and far-field p̃0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-ring-near-field-azimuthal-array-setup-2pt-ipa0tw1g.png Figure 3: 4-ring near-field azimuthal array setup (2pt correlation) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-effect-of-experimental-near-field-array-truncation-2g0awkat.png Figure 18: Effect of experimental near-field array truncation on the time-domain far-field prediction at θ = 20◦. — Lighthill solution and Green’s function solutions with •X0/D ≤ x/D ≤ xmax/D, and xmax/D ≤ x/D ≤ 70 array extents. Every fifth Green’s function data point is shown and the data between the lines denoted by τmin and τmax are known to be invalid based on equation (12). https://scispace.com/papers/nebulisers-for-the-generation-of-liposomal-aerosols-3trkoimzk4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-mean-vmd-of-droplets-emitted-from-the-pari-lc-2yvkxtks.png Figure 3.9 Mean VMD of droplets emitted from the Pari-LC nebuliser with time, during nébulisation of (a) eggPC, 1 pm; (b) eggPC/chol, 1 pm; ( c) eggPC, 5 pm; and (d) eggPC/chol, 5 pm liposomes with lipid concentrations of (■) 2.5 mg/ml, (□) 5 mg/ml, (A) 10 mg/ml, (A) 20 mg/ml, (•) 40 mg/ml, and (o) 80 mg/ml. [n = 3; ± sd] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-9-release-o-f-scg-from-eggpc-chol-1-1-mlvs-a-17f3he32.png Figure 2.9 Release o f SCG from eggPC/chol (1:1) MLVs. [A] Initial phase, and [B] terminal phase o f biphasic release profile. [n=3; ±sd] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-8-release-o-f-scg-from-eggpc-mlvs-equation-o-f-line-3np2till.png Figure 2.8 Release o f SCG from eggPC MLVs. Equation o f line: log y = -0.129 x + 2.192; r = 0.964. [n=3; ±sd] https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-the-size-characteristics-of-eggpc-and-eggpc-chol-1-2i8di9j9.png Table 5.1 The size characteristics of eggPC and eggPC/chol (1:1) liposome formulations, freeze dried in the presence or absence of trehalose (tr). [±sd; n=6] Before freeze https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-28-increase-in-the-residual-lipid-concentration-of-2kq9vtnn.png Figure 3.28 Increase in the residual lipid concentration of liposomes during nébulisation (mean of all liposome sizes) as a function of the volume median diameter (VMD) of droplets produced by various nebuliser models (C = Cirrus, P = Pari-LC, R = Respirgard U, and S = Sidestream). Equation for the line of best fit shown [-]: y = - 19.594 x + 91.313, r = - 0.501. With Sidestream omitted [-]: y = - 12.902 X +70.864, r = - 0.575. [n=3; ± sd] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3-the-polydispersity-of-liposome-aerosols-produced-25b0377b.png Figure 6.3 The polydispersity of liposome aerosols produced from the Medix Electronic nebuliser, during the nébulisation of (a) eggPC and (b) eggPC/chol (1:1) liposomes of varying lipid concentration. (■) 2.5 mg/ml (T) 10 mg/ml (A) 20 mg/ml ( • ) 40 mg/ml. [±sd; n=4] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-the-twin-impinger-2cm9nwe8.png Figure 3.1 The twin impinger. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-the-mean-droplet-vmd-and-time-taken-for-the-nebi1ffa.png Table 4.4 The mean droplet VMD, and time taken for the aerosol output to become intermittent for each jet nebuliser (calculated from the nébulisation of 20 mg/ml 5 pm eggPC liposomes with a flow rate of 7 1/min). [±sd; n=3] https://scispace.com/papers/near-neighbor-searching-with-k-nearest-references-368gcib3gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-on-increasing-dimensionality-on-random-7xxythit.png Figure 5: Performance on increasing dimensionality on random vectors (RVEC-*-1M). Each point at the curves refers to a different dimension value (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24). As the dimension grows, time increases and recall decreases in the curves. We use K = 7 and ρ = 2048 (except PI and BPI, which use 16 and 256 references, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-for-increasing-dataset-sizes-on-cophir-3kvm9pci.png Figure 6: Comparison for increasing dataset sizes, on CoPhIR. Each point in the curves refers to a different value of n (105, 3 × 105, 106, 3 × 106, and 107, left to right). We use K = 7, ρ = 2048 (except on BPI and PI, which use 512 and 128 references, respectively). We plot the search time relative to the sequential scanning time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histograms-of-distances-of-our-datasets-3d39li3z.png Figure 2: Histograms of distances of our datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shared-references-as-proximity-predictors-small-2mqa6sx2.png Figure 1: Shared references as proximity predictors. Small black balls are objects in S and big gray balls are references. A bad case is shown on the left, and a good (more likely one) on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-memory-usage-of-the-indexes-on-cophir-w0ng9fx3.png Figure 3: Memory usage of the indexes on CoPhIR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performance-varying-k-and-g-on-real-world-and-27gbbv37.png Figure 7: Performance varying κ and γ on real-world and synthetic datasets. The indexes use K = 7 and ρ = 2048. We use κ = 6, 9, 12, 15, 18. Increasing κ yields increased time. Each curve corresponds to a a different γ value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-search-time-versus-recall-as-a-function-of-r-3agwuslm.png Figure 4: Search time versus recall as a function of ρ = 64,128,256,512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, on three real-world datasets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-comparison-between-k-nr-cosine-lsh-and-3xce6q1h.png Table 3: Performance comparison between K-nr Cosine, LSH, and DSH for the CoPhIR-1M dataset. For hashing methods, h is the number of hashing functions, and L the number of families of hashing functions. Column “review” refers to the fraction of the database compared with the query; this is not reported by the LSH software. https://scispace.com/papers/needed-adjustment-in-agricultural-financing-hnpbf4tbuw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-percentage-composition-of-outstanding-farming-1ladtjqd.png TABLE 2 - The percentage composition of outstanding farming debts in the Republic according to credit source, 1970/71 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-total-debt-burden-estimated-value-of-capital-3lquipr3.png TABLE 1 - The total debt burden, estimated value of capital assets and the debt ratio in South African Agriculture, 1970/71 https://scispace.com/papers/negotiating-common-ground-in-discourse-a-diachronic-and-3mofqkzyty 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-development-of-maliya-as-an-intersubjectivity-1k852r0y.png Figure 2. The development of maliya as an intersubjectivity marker https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-distribution-of-the-functions-of-common-2vis6lt5.png Table 1. Frequency distribution of the functions of common ground marker maliya https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-distribution-of-addressees-responses-if-1ambcyhj.png Table 2. Frequency distribution of addressee’s responses (if any) to prior speaker’s utterances with maliya https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-grammaticalization-of-maliya-as-a-subjectivity-dchoftfb.png Figure 1. The grammaticalization of maliya as a subjectivity marker https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-distribution-of-maliya-18-th-to-20-th-163p9bml.png Table 3. Frequency distribution of maliya (18 th to 20 th century) based on tokens from the UNICONC (historical) corpus and the Sejong (contemporary) corpus https://scispace.com/papers/neonatal-cpr-room-at-the-top-a-mathematical-study-of-optimal-37ud7pus83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-seven-compartment-model-of-the-human-circulatory-1qh7obwc.png Figure 2. Seven compartment model of the human circulatory system. Definitions of compliances, C, resistances, R, are as follows: carotid arteries (car), thoracic aorta (ao), abdominal aorta (aa), inferior vena cava (ivc), jugular veins (jug), right atrium (ra), and chest pump mechanism. Non-zero vascular resistances, R, connect the vascular https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-two-compartment-model-of-the-great-veins-cv-right-anpse2to.png Figure 1. (a) Two-compartment model of the great veins Cv (right) and chest pump Cp (left) during filling, connected by low resistance R of the open tricuspid valve. (b) Sketch of sigmoid pump volume increase as a function of time during filling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-two-compartment-model-of-the-great-veins-cv-right-2yjgnmtf.png Figure 1. (a) Two-compartment model of the great veins Cv (right) and chest pump Cp (left) during filling, connected by low resistance R of the open tricuspid valve. (b) Sketch of sigmoid pump volume increase as a function of time during filling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-computational-model-vs-experimental-data-from-29be3ohv.png Figure 4. Computational model vs. experimental data from Fitzgerald et al. (1981). The fraction of maximal blood flow is plotted as a function of chest compression frequency. Thoracic pump factor for model calculations is 0.75. Corresponding curves (not shown) for thoracic pump factors of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.00 are very similar. Data points are means of experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compression-frequencies-fmax-for-maximal-blood-flow-4wbn7r5b.png Table 1. Compression frequencies, fmax, for maximal blood flow according to a simple biomechanical model of chest pump filling, including blood inertia, which is described in detail in the Online Supplement 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cardiopulmonary-pressures-in-simulations-of-cpr-for-sp975j4p.png Figure 3. Cardiopulmonary pressures in simulations of CPR for subjects of different body weight. Systemic perfusion pressure (mean thoracic aortic minus mean central venous https://scispace.com/papers/neopredpipe-high-throughput-neoantigen-prediction-and-4bmgf4oz6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neopredpipe-workflow-differentiating-between-user-1sef5zwl.png Fig. 1 NeoPredPipe workflow differentiating between user steps (green) and execution processes (purple). NeoPredPipe provides low level details and high level summary statistics as output for https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-analysis-of-neoantigens-in-two-colorectal-tumors-using-1uumkul1.png Fig. 2 Analysis of neoantigens in two colorectal tumors using NeoPredPipe. a Venn diagram of all neoantigens in the five regions of Adenoma 3. b Number of neoantigens in the two samples that are clonal (present in all regions, shown in blue), shared (present in at least two regions, in yellow) or subclonal (present in a single region, red). Separate counts of weak and strong MHC-binding neoantigens (WB and SB, respectively) are also shown. c Distribution of recognition potential values of neoantigens present in Adenoma 3 (green) and Carcinoma 7 (red). The boxplots represent the median and upper and lower 25 percentile. Only neoantigens with recognition potential higher than zero are shown. d Phylogenetic tree reconstructed from all exonic mutations for Adenoma 3 (left) and Carcinoma 7 (right). Pie-charts and the bar-charts represent the number of weak (orange) and strong https://scispace.com/papers/nest-type-associated-microclimatic-conditions-as-potential-4h7fbnkfon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nest-characteristics-assessed-for-african-penguins-3373u7bt.png Table 2 Nest characteristics assessed for African penguins in the Stony Point colony, South Africa. The mean value (± SE) of and proportion (%) per nest type and sampling season are presented. Sampling seasons: autumn/winter 2016 (SP1), spring 2016 (SP2), and autumn/ winter 2017 (SP3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-abundance-se-and-prevalence-of-all-in-nest-2z5txjfy.png Table 3 Mean abundance (± SE) and prevalence (%) of all in-nest ectoparasites, fleas and ticks per nest type in the Stony Point penguin colony during autumn/winter and spring 2016 and autumn/winter 2017 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-size-per-bird-age-adult-penguins-and-chicks-15uy1bab.png Table 1 Sample size per bird age (adult penguins and chicks) in each of the nest types across seasons in the Stony Point penguin colony, South Africa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-stony-point-penguin-colony-in-bettys-bay-south-1angv16x.png Fig. 1 The Stony Point penguin colony in Betty’s Bay, South Africa. Black dots are African penguin nests sampled during the three sample periods (i.e. autumn/ winter 2016, spring 2016 and autumn/winter 2017) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prevalence-of-haemoparasites-order-piroplasmids-20ylmxja.png Fig. 4 Prevalence (%) of haemoparasites (order Piroplasmids/ Haemospororida and Spirochaetales) in adult African penguins and chicks per nest type (A, artificial; NC, natural covered; NO, natural open) at the Stony Point colony in 2016 and 2017. Sample sizes: A = 20 adults and 63 chicks, NC = 17 adults and 66 chicks and NO= 11 adults and 58 chicks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-nest-characteristics-and-wi6l1pew.png Fig. 3 Relationship between nest characteristics and ectoparasite abundance in African penguin nests. a Nest type: A, artificial; NC, natural covered; NO, natural open. b Nest occupancy: “no” non-active nests and “yes” active nests. c Distance to the south-east coast. d Mean soil temperature in nest. e Moisture of soil in nest. f Moisture of nest material https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nest-types-that-were-included-in-the-study-a-31jvvlbj.png Fig. 2 Nest types that were included in the study: a artificial, b natural covered and c natural open nests. d Front and e side view of plastic pipe used to insert the iButtons in the nest soil. The colour version of the figure is only available online https://scispace.com/papers/nested-and-single-bars-in-seyfert-and-non-seyfert-galaxies-3fsojk8npn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ethe-fractions-of-seyfert-top-non-seyfert-middle-and-jg4pjc6k.png FIG. 5.ÈThe fractions of Seyfert (top), non-Seyfert (middle), and total (bottom) galaxies with nested or single bars, divided into early (S0ÈSa ; black) and late (SbÈSc ; cross-hatched) Hubble classes. The morphological classiÐcations were taken from NED. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1if5ipp8.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-efitted-ellipticity-and-position-angle-prodles-after-397ta3c4.png FIG. 10.ÈFitted ellipticity and position angle proÐles after deprojection for all 56 Seyfert galaxies in our sample. The position angle here does not necessarily have its zero point in the north direction because after deprojection such directional distinctions may not be valid anymore. The uncertainty bars are also shown but are often so small that they cannot be distinguished. The HST data from NICMOS camera 2 pixels) are shown with Ðlled(0A.075 diamonds, NICMOS camera 1 pixels) data are shown with big squares, 2MASS data with big open squares, DSS data with small open circles, and the(0A.043 rest of the ground-based data with other symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3r6yp8js.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-enormalized-bar-lengths-for-all-the-bars-in-the-385gnkvl.png FIG. 6.ÈNormalized bar lengths for all the bars in the Seyfert sample. Seyfert 1 bars are shown with Ðlled circles and Seyfert 2 bars with open circles. The x-axis is the normalized bar length after deprojection (normalized to the galaxy diameter, tabulated in Tables 6 and 7), and the y-axis is the ellipticity after a two-dimensional deprojection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-eprimary-open-squares-and-secondary-asterisks-bar-1ehk5d8u.png FIG. 7.ÈPrimary (open squares) and secondary (asterisks) bar sizes vs. D25. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-zsn4b1ia.png TABLE 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-econtinued-jmjfy8qf.png FIG. 11.ÈContinued https://scispace.com/papers/nested-network-mobility-on-the-multihop-cellular-network-32pj0mg3f1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-nested-nemo-under-mcn-2rfehidx.png Figure 2. Illustration of nested NEMO under MCN https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-daily-example-of-the-nested-nemo-on-mcn-3o1so0vb.png Figure 1. A daily example of the nested NEMO on MCN architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-n-level-nested-nemo-on-mcn-architecture-10tjnl24.png Figure 3. A N-level nested NEMO on MCN architecture https://scispace.com/papers/net-load-displacement-estimation-in-soil-nail-pullout-tests-17qib8by27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-back-calculated-dilatancy-angles-467t6iar.png Table 4. Back-calculated dilatancy angles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assumed-parameters-for-parametric-studies-17rak197.png Table 1. Assumed parameters for parametric studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parametric-studies-on-net-load-displacement-curves-1peiduyv.png Figure 3. Parametric studies on net load–displacement curves – evaluation of the effects of different parameters: (a) variation of internal friction angle (c=30 kPa); (b) variation of cohesion (ϕ=40°); (c) variation of dilatancy angle; (d) variation of elastic shear modulus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-laboratory-chamber-test-a-chamber-b-compaction-of-12smum68.png Figure 7. Laboratory chamber test: (a) chamber; (b) compaction of soil; (c) overview of chamber test; (d) earth pressure cell location; (e) grout pressure variation with time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pressuremeter-test-results-a-colluvial-soil-b-216coow2.png Figure 6. Pressuremeter test results: (a) colluvial soil; (b) weathered granite soil; (c) filled soil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-results-of-strain-measurements-a-strain-variation-1f355dxn.png Figure 12. Results of strain measurements: (a) strain variation; (b) load variation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-displacement-analysis-of-soil-nail-a-displacement-17bsy6q7.png Figure 13. Displacement analysis of soil-nail: (a) displacement variation with depth; (b) displacement at head of soil-nail https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-soil-nail-behaviour-a-non-associated-behaviour-3adubye0.png Figure 1. Soil-nail behaviour: (a) non-associated behaviour (shear); (b) non-associated behaviour (pullout); (c) associated behaviour https://scispace.com/papers/net-working-capital-cash-flow-and-performance-of-uk-smes-jmuzioislj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearson-correlation-coefficients-3aingbzc.png Table 4. Pearson Correlation Coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-p01s4ux2.png Table 3. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-return-on-assets-cash-holding-and-net-working-20qv8ub1.png Table 8. Return on Assets, Cash Holding and Net Working Capital: Conditional on Industry Classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-return-on-assets-cash-flow-and-net-working-capital-lb45x51g.png Table 7. Return on Assets, Cash Flow and Net Working Capital: Conditional on Industry Classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-return-on-assets-cash-availabilty-and-net-working-3uq2zk3g.png Table 9. Return on Assets, Cash Availabilty and Net Working Capital: Marginal Effect of Cash Availability https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-industry-distribution-of-sample-1al0mzgi.png Table 2. Industry Distribution of Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-return-on-asses-cash-availabilty-and-net-working-93er674w.png Table 10. Return on Asses, Cash Availabilty and Net Working Capital: Conditional on Macroeconomic Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-tobin-s-q-ratio-cash-availabilty-and-net-working-bdnqiwau.png Table 6. Tobin's Q Ratio, Cash Availabilty and Net Working Capital https://scispace.com/papers/net-loss-of-endangered-humpback-dolphins-integrating-1szrfa40da 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hierarchical-clustering-dendrogram-of-individual-30mqsye3.png Figure 3: Hierarchical clustering dendrogram of individual humpback dolphins (excluding bycatch) based on residency rates (Euclidean distances based on mean annual number of months, Mm, and the proportion of years with sightings, Py). Significant clusters (horizontal bars) defined three residency categories (colour coded): Residents, Intermediates and Transients (note that 5 Transient clusters are combined for further analyses). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-richards-bay-28-80873os-032-089663oe-study-area-2wyvrds9.png Figure 1. The Richards Bay (28.80873oS, 032.089663oE) study area, from the Mhlatuze Estuary mouth to the lighthouse and including the dredged harbour, with bathymetry indicated; South African Navy Chart SAN1032, 1997. The inset shows the shark nets which are set near the harbour entrance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-discovery-curve-with-95-confidence-intervals-ci-of-23vfel8m.png Figure 2. Discovery curve with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of distinctive humpback dolphins and effort expressed as total survey duration (hours) for each field season and the cumulative number of photographs catalogued at Richards Bay, April 1998-March 2006. The yellow lines represent the survey periods indicated in Table S1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distinctive-humpback-dolphins-caught-in-the-shark-2zcg5lva.png Table 2. Distinctive humpback dolphins caught in the shark nets. ID: photo-identification label (missing data indicate distinctive individuals not present in the catalogue); Sex (M=male, F=female); Length: body length (m); Age class: Adults and Adolescents (as classified in Atkins et al. (2013)); Mm: mean annual number of months with sightings; Py: proportion of years with sightings; and residency classifications by two methods, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Missing data is indicated by “-”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-monthly-sightings-of-humpback-dolphins-per-unit-1wl1edz6.png Figure 6. Monthly sightings of humpback dolphins per unit effort (sum of good quality photographs/ sum of hours of survey effort). Solid line represent mean values; dashed lines represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-candidate-exponential-decay-models-ranked-by-lowest-2chngn7m.png Table 1. Candidate exponential decay models ranked by lowest quasi-Akaike Information Criterion (QAICc) for lagged identification rates (LIR) of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins at Richards Bay, 1998-2006. Identification rates of individuals (R) is given as a function of time lag (d). The ΔQAIC, QAIC weight and model likelihood indicate the relative support for each model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differences-in-individual-humpback-dolphins-3gozior8.png Figure 4. Differences in individual humpback dolphins composing the population (turnover) over various time periods. Top axis gives the number periods in which the total study was divided into; x-axis gives the length of such periods; y-axis gives our measure of population turnover, the average Whittaker dissimilarity index between periods. Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals generated by a null model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lagged-identification-rates-lir-for-humpback-2dowwgv4.png Figure 5. Lagged identification rates (LIR) for humpback dolphins photo-identified at Richards Bay and the best fit models (see Table 1). Open circles represent observed LIR; the solid grey line represents the best fit model; whiskers represent bootstrap-estimated standard errors https://scispace.com/papers/netboa-self-driving-network-benchmarking-4uu57xike8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-netboa-overview-a-user-defines-the-overall-3qq8yun2.png Figure 1: NetBOA’ overview. A user defines the overall configuration ranges. After initial sampling, the orchestrate triggers a traffic generation process to send traffic to a device under test. CPU or latency can currently be used as performance measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-rs-vs-bo-relative-deviation-of-cpu-load-from-the-2wban36z.png Figure 6: RS vs. BO. Relative deviation of CPU load from the known optimal value after 100 iterations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cpu-and-latency-heatmaps-used-parameters-xp-and-3mwcjalh.png Figure 4: CPU and latency heatmaps. Used parameters: xp and xiat . Note that the x-axis is limited to 13ms for better appearance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rs-vs-bo-95-confidence-intervals-of-mean-error-over-pgfpzc43.png Figure 5: RS vs. BO, 95% confidence intervals of mean error over the runs, i.e., the deviation of the found minimum value from the known optimal value. For each run, theminimumvalue is taken into account. Note that the performance during initial sampling is removed from the BO plot. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ranges-for-parameter-searches-with-1-2-3-or-4-wpfd3md6.png Table 1: Ranges for parameter searches with 1, 2, 3 or 4 variable parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-steps-for-one-parameter-xiat-in-the-ddiq4lgl.png Figure 3: Example of steps for one parameter (xiat). In the upper row, the orange-dashed line shows data from the baseline measurements. The black-dashed lines illustrates the current mean values, whereas the blue shadows represent the belief ot the BOA. The blue circles illustrate the current searching points of the iteration (Style is chosen from [8]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-consisting-of-three-hosts-and-279ersvi.png Figure 2: Experimental setup consisting of three hosts and the management running NetBOA. https://scispace.com/papers/netrex-network-rewiring-using-expression-towards-context-4i3pcr2xqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-between-f-measures-of-the-networks-b1mpvx4p.png Fig. 2: (A) Comparison between F-measures of the networks predicted by NetREX and prior networks. The x-coordinate denotes percentages of true edges in prior networks and the black dashed line denotes the F-measures of the prior networks. The circles are the average F-measures of the networks predicted by NetREX under different σ and θ over 50 random inputs. (B) Comparison between F-measures of the networks predicted by NetREX and NetREX NP. The color in each dashed block indicates the − log p-value for corresponding (σ, θ), where the p-values are obtained from one-sided paired t-test between Fmeasures of the compared algorithms. The warmer the color is, the significantly larger F-measures of the networks predicted by NetREX are than NetREX NP. The red dashed line circles the (σ, θ) pairs where NetREX NP achieves larger F-measure at significant level 0.01. (C) Comparison between F-measures of the networks predicted by NetREX and NetREX `1. The color coding is the same as in the panel (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-comparison-of-agreement-with-dsx-targets-using-venn-256rkcg0.png Fig. 4: (A) Comparison of agreement with DSX Targets using Venn diagrams with p-values. P-values are computed by the hyper geometric test. NetREX achieved the lowest p-value. In the prior network, there are 2 target genes of DSX but none of them overlapped with the target set reported in [17]. (B) dsx regulators predicted by NetREX for female flies. We ranked the regulators based on the absolute values of their control strength. Genes in red have evidence in literature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-nca-model-a-the-graph-representation-of-nca-e-i-is-3a3gh4ip.png Fig. 1: The NCA model. (A) The graph representation of NCA. E(i, :) is the expression of gene i over L experiments and A(i, :) is the activity of TF i over the same L experiments. S(i, j) is the control strength from TF j to gene i. (B) The algebraic formulation of NCA. E, S and A in (B) correspond to E, S and A in (A). https://scispace.com/papers/network-efficient-resource-management-for-mobile-video-44bsp26iyn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-multi-user-approach-improvement-in08ku37.png TABLE III MULTI-USER APPROACH IMPROVEMENT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-1q9rxvbi.png Fig. 1. Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-test-bed-structure-39ky7314.png Fig. 2. Test-Bed Structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-qoemin-distribution-for-multi-user-approach-3gmg8nit.png TABLE II QoEmin DISTRIBUTION FOR MULTI-USER APPROACH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-interruption-distribution-for-multi-user-approach-3k6gfxrn.png Fig. 5. Interruption Distribution for Multi-user Approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-qoemin-distribution-for-single-user-approach-2b24f98h.png TABLE I QoEmin DISTRIBUTION FOR SINGLE-USER APPROACH https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-video-quality-distribution-for-multi-user-approach-2nzuw2dk.png Fig. 6. Video Quality Distribution for Multi-User Approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-profile-b-3oipdstf.png Fig. 4. Profile B https://scispace.com/papers/network-structure-and-innovation-ambiguity-effects-on-2cgn9ycjc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-foundations-for-model-parameters-3dozv7wv.png TABLE 1 Theoretical Foundations for Model Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effects-of-uniform-versus-normally-distributed-2x16irqe.png FIGURE 3 Effects of Uniform versus Normally Distributed Partnering Tendencies on Diffusion Levels and Speedsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interregional-network-structuresa-13b2cvzy.png FIGURE 1 Interregional Network Structuresa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-population-growth-and-diffusion-through-a-233kgkdl.png FIGURE 4 Population Growth and Diffusion through a Decentralized Network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diffusion-over-time-through-unconstrained-32h0xovk.png FIGURE 2 Diffusion over Time through Unconstrained, Decentralized, Chain, and Hierarchical Interregional Structures https://scispace.com/papers/neural-effects-of-placebo-analgesia-in-fibromyalgia-patients-1ztzwvpuo0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reported-side-effects-of-naloxone-and-saline-c9fonx62.png Table 1. Reported side effects of naloxone and saline. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pearson-correlation-matrix-of-fm-characteristics-and-2nrkgz9q.png Table 2. Pearson correlation matrix of FM characteristics and placebo response (pain ratings: control-placebo). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trial-paradigm-for-experimental-scan-black-arrows-29p878b4.png Figure 1. Trial paradigm for experimental scan. Black arrows indicate second heat pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-whole-brain-bold-responses-during-heat-pulse-2-of-2z1mnz42.png Table 3. Whole-brain BOLD responses during heat pulse 2 of the first placebo experimental scan. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-whole-brain-bold-responses-during-heat-pulse-2-of-29gosy32.png Table 5. Whole-brain BOLD responses during heat pulse 2 of the second placebo experimental scan. https://scispace.com/papers/neural-information-and-the-problem-of-objectivity-3r7rh06pxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-this-figure-is-a-neurophysiologically-oriented-1fqpqnil.png Figure 1: This figure is a neurophysiologically-oriented interpretation of the classic diagram of a communication system that appears in Shannon and Weaver (1949). The labels X, Y, and R correspond to what they called the source, the transmitter, and the receiver, respectively. The rightmost box corresponds to what they called the destination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-relative-frequency-table-which-represents-a-3epnl0pl.png Table 1: A relative frequency table which represents a hypothetical joint probability distribution over X and Y. The rightmost column represents the marginal distribution of X, while the bottom row represents the marginal distribution of Y. Where I is the mutual information and H is the entropy, I(X;Y ) = H(X) + H(Y ) − H(X,Y ). The upper bound on the amount of transmittable information is given by the lesser of the two marginal entropies. Here, the mutual information is: I(X;Y) = H(X) + H(Y) - H(X,Y) = 1.5 + 1.5 - 1.5 = 1.5 bits/message. https://scispace.com/papers/neural-events-and-perceptual-awareness-246mit080b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-possible-combinations-of-a-particular-pattern-of-18j9c4je.png Fig. 1. The possible combinations of a particular pattern of neural activity or its absence, and a corresponding state of perceptual awareness or its absence, and the evidence each case can provide about the causal relationship of the pattern of neural activity to the perceptual state. https://scispace.com/papers/neural-mechanisms-underlying-valence-inferences-to-sound-the-1mufsdw8w1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-seti-search-for-extra-terrestrial-integrity-task-3iyp7i42.png Fig. 1. (left) SETi (Search for Extra-Terrestrial integrity) task. Subjects viewed the above image of a radio-telescope and were given the following instruction: “A radio-telescope located in Cambridge captured a series of radio signals from outer space. You will listen to these sounds and your task is to think and decide if they were produced by good-friendly or bad-aggressive aliens”. https://scispace.com/papers/neural-network-based-montioring-and-control-of-fluidized-bed-32muperc2b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-synthetic-henon-attractor-3hwphlqs.png Figure 26 Synthetic Henon attractor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-actual-normal-fbc-time-series-2cshk6oa.png Figure 21 Actual normal FBC time series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-actual-logistic-time-series-0-200-400-600-800-1000-36kqo27l.png Figure 2: Actual logistic time series. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-chaotic-behavior-of-the-lorenz-system-starting-23w2h1pg.png Figure 8 The chaotic behavior of the Lorenz system starting at (0.05,0.05,0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-lorenz-system-state-space-attractor-3rvquaka.png Figure 9 The Lorenz system state space attractor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-actual-and-dsi-synthetic-2l413w3v.png TABLE 2: COMPARISON OF THE ACTUAL AND DSI SYNTHETIC ATTRACTORS PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-plot-for-the-correlation-integral-of-the-fbc-213b4rsb.png Figure 5 A plot for the correlation integral of the FBC normal attractor, for embedding dimensions 2.30 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-actual-henon-time-series-0-200-400-600-800-1000-1-5-2pu477l0.png Figure 4: Actual Henon time series. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 -1.5 https://scispace.com/papers/neurally-adjusted-ventilatory-assist-nava-improves-patient-2tl6ptin2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trigger-delay-inspiratory-time-in-excess-and-number-2ujzv8u6.png Table 2 Trigger delay, inspiratory time in excess and number of total and specific asynchronies per minute https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-respiratory-parameters-and-arterial-blood-gas-2oko1fr5.png Table 3 Respiratory parameters and arterial blood gas https://scispace.com/papers/neuronal-networks-with-gap-junctions-a-study-of-piecewise-27i50ugydg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-mckean-model-left-period-of-solution-as-a-function-2bc3vtue.png Fig. 3.1. McKean model. Left: period of solution as a function of background drive I. Right: shape of orbits for I = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8. Other parameters as in Fig. 2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3-mckean-model-left-sub-threshold-orbits-with-c-1-g-0-2k6zaqpy.png Fig. 3.3. McKean model. Left: Sub-threshold orbits with C = 1, γ = 0.4, and I = 0.475, 0.5, 0.525. All these subthreshold orbits have a common period. Right: Supra-threshold orbits with C = 1, γ = 0.7, and I = 0.47, 0.49, 0.51. All these super-threshold orbits have a common period. Other parameters as in Fig. 2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2-pml-model-left-period-of-solution-as-a-function-of-jps6rw0l.png Fig. 3.2. PML model. Left: period of solution as a function of background drive I. Right: shape of orbits for I ranging from 0.17 to 0.09. Other parameters as in Fig. 2.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-phase-interaction-functions-corresponding-to-fig-3-4-co4las9w.png Fig. 4.1. Phase interaction functions corresponding to Fig. 3.4. Left: McKean model. Right: PML model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-4-the-prc-of-the-splay-state-for-the-pml-model-for-zshumvk2.png Fig. 4.4. The PRC of the splay state for the PML model for three different points on the solution branch shown in Fig. 4.3 right. Left: I = 0.095. Middle: I = 0.085 lower branch. Right: I = 0.085 upper branch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3-period-of-the-splay-state-as-a-function-of-the-1nr4dzbm.png Fig. 4.3. Period of the splay state as a function of the coupling strength g. Left: McKean model with parameters as in Fig. 2.1. Right: Period of PML model with g = 0.1 as a function of drive I and other parameters as in Fig. 2.2. Note the coexistence of a long and short period splay state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1-the-phase-plane-for-the-mckean-model-has-a-nullcline-so30vqm0.png Fig. 2.1. The phase plane for the McKean model has a nullcline with a piece-wise linear cubic shape (dashed green line) corresponding to v̇ = 0 and a linear one associated with ẇ = 0 (dotted blue line). Parameters are C = 0.1, I = 0.5,γ = 0.5, and a = 0.25. The red line corresponds to a stable periodic orbit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-top-a-family-of-coexisting-unstable-orbits-in-the-3pb097jg.png Fig. 5.1. Top: A family of coexisting unstable orbits in the PML model; synchronous (green), splay (blue), subthreshold splay (light blue) and harmonic splay (red). Here g = 0.1, I = 0.085 and other parameters as in Fig. 2.2. left: C < 1 − g (C = 0.89). middle: C = 1 − g (C = 0.9). right: C > 1 − g (C = 0.91). Middle: Numerical simulation (after dropping transients) with N = 100 neurons showing a pseudo color plot of the triple (θ, vi, wi), where θ = t/∆ mod 1 for some fixed ∆. Initial data chosen to lie between the splay and synchronous state. left: The network cycles between the unstable synchronous state and the unstable splay state. ∆ is the chosen as the mean of the synchronous and splay period. middle: The network cycles between the unstable synchronous state and the unstable harmonic splay state. ∆ is the chosen as the mean of the synchronous and harmonic splay period. right: The network cycles between the unstable synchronous state and the unstable fixed point. ∆ is the chosen as the period of the synchronous state. Bottom: Mean field signal E(t) showing large amplitude fluctuations. left: Fluctuations around the splay state (with v0 = 0.52107). middle: Fluctuations around the splay state (with v0 = 0.52583). right: Fluctuations around the fixed point (with v0 = 0.545). https://scispace.com/papers/neurons-learn-by-predicting-future-activity-4fvtu64ef1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neuron-prediction-of-expected-activity-a-activity-of-2bw2qgfk.png Fig. 2. Neuron prediction of expected activity. (A) Activity of 10 output neurons in response to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-predicting-future-activity-of-cortical-neurons-a-1vkg70pm.png Fig. 3. Predicting future activity of cortical neurons. (A) Response of a representative neuron https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicting-stimulus-evoked-responses-from-spontaneous-1unxq16k.png Fig 4 Predicting stimulus evoked responses from spontaneous activity dynamics. (A) Sample https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basics-of-the-algorithm-a-schematic-of-the-network-1or14vve.png Fig. 1. Basics of the algorithm. (A) Schematic of the network. Note that activity propagates backand-forth between hidden and output layers. (B) Sample neuron activity in the free phase in response to different stimuli (marked with shades of blue). The free phase responses were used to train a linear model to predict a steady-state activity from the activity at earlier time steps (marked by shaded area; see main text for details). Bottom traces show duration of inputs, and dots represent predicted activity. (C) Activity of a neuron in response to a new stimulus with the network output clamped. Initially the network receives only input signal (free phase), but after a few steps the output signal is also presented (clamped phase; bottom trace). The red dot represents steady-state free phase activity predicted from initial activity (shaded region). For comparison, the dashed line shows a neuron’s activity in the free phase if the output is not clamped. Synaptic weights (w) are adjusted in proportion to the difference between steady-state activity in clamped phase (?̂?) and predicted free phase activity (?̃?). https://scispace.com/papers/neurophysiological-assessment-of-alzheimer-s-disease-4hqvexbsye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-the-classification-between-the-nold-and-26zr5vog.png Table 5 Results of the classification between the Nold and AD individuals of the present study based on an EEG marker defined as the ratio of the activity between parieto-occipital cortical (LORETA) sources of delta and alpha 1 rhythms. This marker served as a discriminant variable for the analysis by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-p-values-duncan-post-hoc-of-the-anova-showing-a-3lqv3h82.png Table 4 p values (Duncan post hoc) of the ANOVA showing a statistically significant interaction effect (F(30,7440) = 18.7; p< 0.0001) among the factors Group (Nold, AD), Band (delta, theta, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, gamma), and ROI (frontal, central, parietal, occipital, temporal, limbic) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarizes-the-relevant-demographic-and-clinical-36b1t9u2.png Table 1 summarizes the relevant demographic and clinical (MMSE) [61] data of Nold and AD participants, together with the p value of the results of the statistical comparisons between the groups. Independent t-test was computed to evaluate the presence or absence of statistically significant differences between the two groups (i.e., Nold and AD) for age, education, and MMSE (p< 0.05). Furthermore, Fisher exact https://scispace.com/papers/neurotoxic-zanthoxylum-chalybeum-root-constituents-invoke-2ob10b0jxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-11e9wiex.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cuykv3sv.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2ns8ewfj.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/neutral-or-biased-the-presentation-of-the-kyrgyzstan-and-2hp9knn3rh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-about-here-12sd7clx.png Figure 1 about here https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-about-here-3ceowwku.png Table 3 about here https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-analysis-of-causes-in-news-about-the-kyrgyz-and-2nhevdvh.png Table 5: The analysis of causes in news about the Kyrgyz and Egyptian uprisings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-description-of-events-in-the-egypt-uprising-3k86nzsg.png Table 4: The description of events in the Egypt uprising https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-description-of-events-in-the-kyrgyz-uprising-2y39b5a5.png Table 3 about here https://scispace.com/papers/neutralized-transport-of-high-intensity-beams-2ob2tlvuk9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-argon-rf-plasma-source-3fpwpjiz.png Figure 4: Argon RF plasma source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ccd-camera-image-and-warp-simulation-results-of-3s15n765.png Figure 5: CCD camera image and WARP simulation results of converging beam profiles at entrance to the neutralization region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-beam-profiles-1-meter-downstream-from-the-exit-of-el7v9k75.png Figure 6: Beam profiles 1 meter downstream from the exit of the final focus system for non-neutralized drift. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spot-size-dependence-on-neutralization-mechanism-13udrskt.png Figure 7: Spot size dependence on neutralization mechanism. Image box size is 4cm × 4 cm squares. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neutralization-system-layout-d9bc1xu9.png Figure 2: Neutralization system layout. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neutralized-transport-experiment-ntx-2697mto7.png Figure 1: Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mevva-plasma-source-1xa7yug1.png Figure 3: MEVVA plasma source. https://scispace.com/papers/neutron-flux-monitoring-with-in-vessel-fission-chambers-to-1vcbqkpi9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-view-of-sfr-core-i4uq92cp.png Fig. 1. Top view of SFR core. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-axial-cross-section-of-the-core-s509la58.png Fig. 2. Axial cross-section of the core. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-response-in-case-of-full-irw-for-inner-irw-1ryo24t7.png Fig. 6. Relative Response in case of Full IRW for Inner IRW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-monitoring-indication-for-outer-and-inner-irw-37x6givz.png Fig. 7. Monitoring Indication for Outer and Inner IRW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-response-function-of-u-235-at-core-mid-plane-in-1qj2rt7l.png Fig. 4. Response function of U-235 at core mid-plane in reference and withdrawn case respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-response-in-case-of-full-irw-for-outer-irw-3qi2rkei.png Fig. 5. Relative Response in case of Full IRW for Outer IRW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-neutron-channel-39gtzq3s.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the neutron channel. https://scispace.com/papers/neutrino-telescope-modelling-of-lorentz-invariance-violation-58bmb6oab5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-as-fig-7-but-the-dotted-dashed-lines-show-the-spectra-14pof2oz.png Fig. 8. As Fig. 7 but the dotted/dashed lines show the spectra for standard oscillations plus LV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ratio-of-the-number-of-events-for-oscillations-due-to-kxm7bev1.png Fig. 7. Ratio of the number of events for oscillations due to LV effects only, when the LV effects are proportional to the neutrino energy squared, compared with no oscillations. The solid line represents the MC simulation of standard oscillations with the dotted/dashed lines showing the spectra for oscillations from LV only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-as-fig-2-but-with-n-3-a-2-35shc97f.png Fig. 4. As Fig. 2 but with n = 3 (α = 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ratio-of-the-number-of-events-for-standard-2rmc225g.png Fig. 6. Ratio of the number of events for standard oscillations modified by LV effects proportional to the neutrino energy, compared with no oscillations. The solid line represents the MC simulation of standard oscillations with the dotted/dashed lines showing the spectra for standard oscillations modified by LV. The simulated data points assume only standard oscillations, with no LV effects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-table-showing-the-upper-bounds-on-e-contained-with-3ven12ev.png Table 2 Table showing the upper bounds on ∆η contained with the sensitivity regions for various values of n. We also give the naive expected values of ∆η from suppression by appropriate powers of the Planck mass. The X indicates that we were unable to place a bound on this parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spectra-of-events-for-atmospheric-neutrino-3cee1hk5.png Fig. 5. Spectra of events for atmospheric neutrino oscillations due to LV effects only, when the LV effects are proportional to the neutrino energy (left panel) and their ratios to the events without oscillations (right panel) as functions of E/ cos ϑ (upper plots) and cosϑ (bottom plots). The solid line represents the MC simulation of standard oscillations with the dotted/dashed lines showing the spectra for oscillations from LV only. The simulated data points correspond to three-years’ data taking, assuming standard oscillations only with no LV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-showing-the-expected-upper-bounds-on-e-the-lv-3r9aq7fv.png Table 1 Table showing the expected upper bounds on ∆η, the LV parameter for various values of n, for atmospheric neutrinos with low energies, E ∼ 1 GeV, and higher energies, E ∼ 100 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sensitivity-contours-for-model-lv3-at-90-and-99-1gf03f9g.png Fig. 11. Sensitivity contours for model LV3 at 90 and 99 percent confidence level for standard oscillations plus LV effects proportional to the neutrino energy cubed. The triangle denotes the best-fit value of ∆m2 with no LV effects [34]. https://scispace.com/papers/never-say-never-uncovering-the-never-unionized-in-the-united-4do0gmoglr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-probit-analyses-of-the-never-unionized-at-age-40-41a-1e7wk3nk.png Table 5 Probit Analyses of the Never-Unionized at Age 40/41a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unionization-over-the-life-cycle-15abvcby.png Table 2 Unionization Over the Life Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicting-the-never-unionized-rate-past-age-40-3pcdb8qe.png Figure 3 Predicting the Never-Unionized Rate Past Age 40 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-never-unionized-trajectory-age-16-to-40-1g7zpn0t.png Figure 2 The Never-Unionized Trajectory, Age 16 to 40 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-distribution-of-log-hourly-pay-rates-by-union-iv5l2k9c.png Figure 4 The Distribution of (Log) Hourly Pay Rates by Union Status, 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-hazard-analysis-of-the-odds-of-switching-from-never-nuykjzah.png Table 6 Hazard Analysis of the Odds of Switching from Never-Unionized to Unionizeda https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-shifting-never-unionized-curve-1r1sc8pp.png Figure 5 The Shifting Never-Unionized Curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u-s-unionization-rates-as-individuals-age-from-16-36wx228t.png Figure 1 U.S. Unionization Rates as Individuals Age from 16 to 40 https://scispace.com/papers/neutron-resonance-spectroscopy-applications-for-nuclear-fuel-3t1bm4dxm7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-isotope-densities-in-volumetric-density-gram-per-3w329kqb.png Table 1: Isotope densities in volumetric density (gram per cubic-centimeter) derived from the neutron transmission analysis for slices 41 to 372 of LANL-5 and mass fraction (micro-gram per gram) derived from the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (see appendix) for LANL-5. For comparison, the weight fractions from the mass spectrometry are converted to fractional densities using a density of U20Pu-10Zr of 14.1 g/cc (value taken from [112]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measured-line-shape-of-the-6-65-ev-resonance-in-3eiaptl9.png Figure  2: Measured  line  shape of  the  6.65  eV  resonance  in  238U  in  uranium metal  at  4K  (data points).  The  solid  curve  is  the  resonance profile predicted based on a simple Einstein model, the dashed line is a free gas model with an equivalent effective  temperature (from [47]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-40-cross-sections-of-isotopes-of-the-fission-gases-xe-1vxj24nn.png Figure 40: Cross-sections of isotopes of the fission gases Xe (a) and Kr (b). Schematic of the configuration of fuel pellets with different additions and natural Xe gas in a steel pipe behind the pellets. The energy-selective neutron imaging are shown in Figure 20 (from [12]). ........................................................................................................................................... 61 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-between-sample-dependent-background-1o3x4ilq.png Figure  1:  Correlation  between  sample  dependent  background  parameters  ao  and  a1/K(a0)  found  for  resonance  imaging  applications at the ISIS beamline INES (from Cippo et al. [38]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-fwhm-vs-temperature-for-the-238u-resonance-at-6-67-wzo2nzlf.png Figure 25 FWHM vs temperature for the 238U resonance at 6.67 eV (a) and the 182W resonance at 4.13 eV (b) for for the sample UO2.16 sample. ............................................................................ 49 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-we-have-not-explored-this-due-to-limited-resources-1lran3k6.png Figure 33, we have not explored this due to limited resources for this report. However, this example clearly underlines the value of having a tool to non-destructively characterize the isotope densities of bulk samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-adjusted-effective-temperature-parameter-ta-in-2m8erlk7.png Figure 8: (a) Adjusted effective temperature parameter Ta in REFIT from fit against data collected at 290K from NpO2 samples.The solid line is a guide to the eye, the dashed line corresponds to an effective temperature of 304K deduced from the phonon spectrum of the isotrsuctural UO2. (b) REFIT fit of 237Np resonances with the upper residual panel showing the residuals with the free gas model for Doppler broadening and the lower residual panel with the full crystal lattice model (from Gressier et al. [65]). ............................. 32 https://scispace.com/papers/neutron-reflectivity-and-performance-of-polyamide-nanofilms-3o0ypvmx4a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-variation-of-membrane-thickness-as-function-of-1brhq64e.png Figure 3. a) Variation of membrane thickness as function of relative humidity (lines are inverse exponential fits). b) Variation of water uptake as function of relative humidity (lines are guides to the eye). c) Variation of water uptake as function of membrane swelling. The comparison between the three investigated stoichiometries (TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1; 0.05/0.1 0.005/1 wt% thin films; blue, red and green curves, respectively) are reported for the entire range of reaction times investigated (1, 10 and 20 min; from light to darker colours, respectively (lines are guides to the eye). d-e) Water uptake and membrane swelling (panel d and e, respectively) as function of the reactant concentration at fixed reaction time (10 min). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-variation-of-water-uptake-and-membrane-swelling-xvyir065.png Figure 4. a) Variation of water uptake and membrane swelling as function of relative humidity for TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1 wt% thin film, at 10 min reaction time. b) Variation of water uptake and membrane swelling as function of relative humidity for TMC/MPD 0.05/0.1 wt% thin film at 10 min reaction time. c) Variation of water uptake and membrane swelling as function of relative humidity for TMC/MPD 0.005/1 wt% thin film at 10 min reaction time. d) Variation of polymer density as function of membrane swelling for the three thin film at 10 min reaction time (TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1; 0.05/0.1 0.005/1 wt%; blue, red and green curves, respectively). e) Variation of water density inside the membrane as function of membrane swelling for the three thin film at 10 min reaction time (TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1; 0.05/0.1 0.005/1 wt%; blue, red and green curves, respectively). f) Variation of membrane (polymer and water) density as function of membrane swelling for the three thin film at 10 min reaction time (TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1; 0.05/0.1 0.005/1 wt%; blue, red and green curves, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-the-interfacial-polymerization-ip-2ydqxrzi.png Figure 1. a) Schematic of the interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction betwee n TMC and MPD at the organic/water interface. Smooth, planar PA films with thickness h are transferred onto a Si/SiOx support for reflectivity. b) SEM picture of smooth nanofilm from TMC/MPD (0.005/0.1 wt%, 10 min reaction time) on polysulfone. c) SEM picture of crumpled nanofilm from TMC/MPD (0.15/3 wt%, 10 min reaction time) on polysulfone. d) NR data and model fits for dry TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1 wt% films obtained at reaction times 1, 10 and 20 min. e) Corresponding SLD profile, where z is the distance normal to the film surface. f) Film thickness h dependence on the reaction time. g) Variation of h with MPD concentration after 10 min reaction time, with TMC 0.005 (blue, green) and 0.05 (red) wt%. h) Variation of h with TMC concentration, with MPD 0.1 wt% (blue, red). i- j) NR of a representative TMC/MPDd membrane with 0.005/0.1 wt% and reaction time 1 min (corresponding to the first membrane in panel d), and the SLD profile, shown to be uniform across membrane thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-b-variation-of-membrane-permeance-and-nacl-1zellr6t.png Figure 5. a-b) Variation of membrane permeance and NaCl rejection as function of reactant concentration at fixed reaction time (10 min). membrane swelling for the three thin films at 10 min reaction time (TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1; 0.05/0.1 0.005/1 wt%; blue, red and green curves, respectively). c) Variation of membrane permeance as function of water partial density (at 100% RH) for the three thin films at 10 min reaction time (TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1; 0.05/0.1 0.005/1 wt%; blue, red and green points, respectively). d) Variation of NaCl rejection as function of total density (at 199% RH) for the three thin films at 10 min reaction time (TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1; 0.05/0.1 0.005/1 wt%; blue, red and green points, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-nr-data-and-model-fits-for-tmc-mpd-0-005-0-1-0-3ihffnlo.png Figure 2. a-c) NR data and model fits for TMC/MPD 0.005/0.1; 0.05/0.1 0.005/1 wt% films obtained at reaction times 10 min. d-f) Corresponding SLD profiles, where z is the distance normal to the film surface. The arrows indicate the increase in SLD due to the heavy water uptake as consequence of the increasing in relative humidity. https://scispace.com/papers/new-algebraic-tools-for-classical-geometry-487xyzon43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-4-versor-vector-and-rotor-actions-here-u1-is-xpwpuvez.png Fig 1.4. Versor (vector and rotor) actions. Here u1 is orthogonal to both u2, u3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2-dual-and-meet-in-the-space-of-a1-a2-a3-1znwta0r.png Fig 1.2. Dual and meet in the space of a1 ∧ a2 ∧ a3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1-blades-in-the-space-of-a1-a2-a3-where-the-ai-are-2glsy3w3.png Fig 1.1. Blades in the space of a1 ∧ a2 ∧ a3, where the ai are vectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-6-simplex-at-a0-with-tangent-a2-a-1-a-2-y0cufa64.png Fig 1.6. Simplex at a0 with tangent A2 = a 1 ∧ a 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3-projection-rejection-and-inner-product-in-the-space-1l36dq1z.png Fig 1.3. Projection, rejection and inner product in the space of a1 ∧ a2 ∧ a3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-7-simplex-a0-a1-a2-a3-re10gp1x.png Fig 1.7. Simplex a0 ∧ a1 ∧ a2 ∧ a3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-5-a-2-plane-in-the-space-of-a-a2-3ixusnbl.png Fig 1.5. A 2-plane in the space of a ∧A2. https://scispace.com/papers/new-algorithm-for-blind-adaptive-equalization-based-on-499goocblh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-blind-cm-equalization-adaptation-algorithm-fb0qhl0v.png Table 2. Blind CM equalization adaptation algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bfgs-algorithm-3ujqolw5.png Table 1. BFGS algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-data-structure-of-the-adaptive-cm-equalization-izlhdp6k.png Fig. 2. Data structure of the adaptive CM equalization algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-comparison-of-various-equalization-tj5cz0rp.png Fig. 4. Performance comparison of various equalization algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-constellation-of-the-received-signal-before-cgquep05.png Fig. 5. (a) Constellation of the received signal before equalization; (b) Constellation of the signal after equalization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-comparison-of-various-equalization-2yzwlq4o.png Fig. 3. Performance comparison of various equalization algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-a-digital-communication-system-dr25j0lj.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of a digital communication system. https://scispace.com/papers/new-approach-for-an-accurate-schottky-barrier-height-s-42hmi50jxn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plot-of-the-sbhs-for-all-temperatures-200k-400k-for-21z4ofpp.png Fig. 2. Plot of the SBHs for all temperatures (200K-400K) for the witness device V#6 (stressed device S#2 in insight) and within 10-6 10-4 A 2-decade current range. The points encircled in blue delimit the low temperature range and those encircled in red the high temperature range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-igs-vgs-measurements-vs-temperature-with-25k-step-for-z3xryjlp.png Fig. 1. IGS-VGS measurements vs temperature, with 25K step, for S#2 (stressed) and V#6 (inset, virgin) devices. Dark blue is represented as the lowest temperature towards dark brown as the highest temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variations-of-versus-for-the-stre-under-different-gate-7h7oqi9v.png Fig. 4. Variations of versus for the stre under different gate current ranges. Blue squares re of , ) at low temperature and red circles are temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variations-of-vs-for-the-virgin-d-different-gate-199a0g5d.png Fig. 3. Variations of vs for the virgin d different gate current ranges. Blue squares repre , ) at low temperature and red circles are temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/new-antimicrobial-and-biocompatible-implant-coating-with-vopy9lvdkw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-agar-inhibition-assay-kirby-bauer-test-with-s-oa9iygx5.png Figure 5. Agar inhibition assay (Kirby-Bauer test) with S. aureus 113 at 104 and 106 CFUmL 1. Effect of uncoated Au(111) surfaces 1, coated Au(111)SBri-Ag–IPV surfaces 2, and coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag-[IPV–Ag] surfaces 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mtt-assay-of-uncoated-au-111-surfaces-1-coated-au-2iexjjib.png Figure 6. MTT assay of uncoated Au(111) surfaces 1, coated Au(111)-SBri-AgIPV surfaces 2, and coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag-[IPV–Ag] surfaces 3. Cell viability was assessed after cells were cultures for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-indirect-immunofluorescence-of-focal-adhesion-ddvn2u6m.png Figure 7. Indirect immunofluorescence of focal adhesion contact sites in murine fibroblast cells as revealed by vinculin staining in red (A, B, C), actin staining in green (D, E, F), nucleus staining in blue (G, H, I) and the merged images (J, K, L). Note that both proteins are co-distributed in focal adhesion. Effect of uncoated surfaces 1 (A, D, G, J), coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag–IPV surfaces 2 (B, E, H, K) and coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag-[IPV–Ag] surfaces 3 (C, F, I, L). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-of-the-coating-on-an-au-111-surface-23dvjer9.png Figure 1. Representation of the coating on an Au(111) surface, containing the sulfur anchor molecule, a first silver(I) ion layer, and IPV, a derivative of vancomycin, complexed to a second silver(I) ion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-ag-ipv-conjugate-coated-surfaces-on-2ji50kbx.png Figure 8. Effect of Ag–IPV conjugate-coated surfaces on fibroblast cells. A) uncoated surfaces 1. B) Coated Au(111)SBri-Ag–IPV surfaces 2. C) Coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag-[IPV–Ag] surfaces 3. Cell proliferation was assessed at day 3. Cells were fixed onto surfaces, dehydrated, thinly sputter-coated with gold, and examined using a scanning electron microscope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-immunofluorescence-detection-of-vancomycin-hkngf8y4.png Figure 2. Immunofluorescence detection of vancomycin derivative IPV on gold surfaces. Gold surfaces were incubated with anti-vancomycin antibody for 24 h, followed by incubation with an FITC-coupled secondary antibody before being analyzed under a confocal microscope. A) uncoated Au(111) surface 1 (magnification 20 ). B) coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag–IPV surface 2 (magnification 20 ). C) Au(111)-SBri-Ag-IPV-[IPV–Ag] surface 3 (magnification 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-curve-of-both-drugs-release-from-coated-au-111-ams936c5.png Figure 4. The curve of both drugs release from coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag–IPV surfaces 2 and coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag-[IPV–Ag] surfaces 3 immersed in PBS over a period of 30 days. A) Silver release profile. B) IPV release profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scanning-electron-microscopy-images-at-different-2dr7lcp8.png Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy images at different positions and magnifications. A) and B) Coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag–IPV surface 2. C) and D) Coated Au(111)-SBri-Ag-Ag-[IPV–Ag] surface 3. https://scispace.com/papers/new-and-improved-technology-for-manufacture-of-gmt-primary-4xzwzwnwil 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-log-tool-path-control-software-gui-based-on-the-1rtaonj5.png Figure 3. LOG tool path control software GUI based on the SAGUARO7 data processing platform. An exemplary LOG machine calibration map is shown in the middle preview section. Some of the tool path control parameters are shown in the top-right “Module Configuration” section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dual-head-8-4-m-class-lpm-with-a-1-2-m-stressed-lap-2dri2h3b.png Figure 6. Dual-head 8.4 m class LPM with a 1.2 m stressed lap on the tertiary optical surface and a RC lap8 on the primary optical surface of the LSST9 primary-tertiary mirror at the Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab, University of Arizona.10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-trizact-diamond-pads-with-pressure-sensitive-x1g8w9b5.png Figure 8. Trizact diamond pads with Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) is installed on flat plastic squares, attached to tool substrate with nominal pitch layer (left). A black marking was applied for a visual check of the contact area during the conditioning process on a curved surface with ~8 m radius of curvature. A zoom-in view of the hexagonal diamond pellets with ~10 µm diamond particles is also presented (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-different-types-of-tool-stroke-motions-left-4ikagge2.png Figure 7. Two different types of tool stroke motions (left: orbital motion, right: spin motion) for the 1.2 m stressed lap and the required active lap shape change. The shape change map is the difference map between the position A and D for the orbital case (with Rorbital = 150 mm) and between 90º lap rotation for the spin case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-8-4m-honeycomb-sandwich-gmt-primary-off-axis-segment-acge1ld7.png Table 1. 8.4m honeycomb-sandwich GMT primary off-axis segment mirror optical design prescription5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-artist-image-of-the-25-m-gmt-with-six-8-4-m-off-26erq2zx.png Figure 1. Artist image of the 25 m GMT with six 8.4 m off-axis segments and one 8.4 m on-axis central segment (left)4 and the aspheric departure map of the off-axis GMT segment when the parent vertex is located toward the left side of the map (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-removal-rate-comparison-between-trizact-diamond-pads-3b2gli08.png Table 2. Removal rate comparison between Trizact diamond pads and the loose abrasive grinding process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-8-4-m-class-freeform-log-machine-set-up-for-the-2j8nrf9a.png Figure 2. The 8.4 m class freeform LOG machine set up for the 6.5 m Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) telescope primary mirror front surface generating process at the Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab, University of Arizona. https://scispace.com/papers/new-approach-to-holographic-video-imaging-principles-and-22kvrxxskc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-i-q-with-a-rectangular-pass-band-3idumo92.png Figure 2: 'I'(,, Q,) with a rectangular pass-band. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-simulated-hologram-of-a-2-d-pattern-b-the-1fow6c15.png Figure 5: (a)The simulated hologram of a 2-D pattern, (b) The computed time signal, (c) The reconstructed hologram after radiation of time signal, (d) Reconstruction from hologram in (a), and (e) Reconstruction from hologram in (c) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-f-w-u-after-coordinate-transformation-6jhpw7hf.png Figure 3: F(w, u) after coordinate transformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-practical-implementation-2qr9nydf.png Figure 1: A practical implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sample-locations-after-and-before-transformation-me6nfxbx.png Figure 4: Sample locations after and before transformation https://scispace.com/papers/new-approximation-based-local-search-algorithms-for-the-5aveqek19o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pareto-surface-for-different-parameterizations-of-xtok0xv7.png Figure 2: Pareto Surface for different parameterizations of the algorithms 2.5-opt-EEs, 2.5-opt-optimized, 1-shift-delta, 2.5-opt-depth, 2.5-opt-threshold and 2.5-opt-combined on a 783-city TSPLIB instance with homogeneous probabilities of p = 0.1. Since the PTSP is a minimization problem, better solutions are plotted with a lower solution quality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pareto-surface-for-different-parameterizations-of-1xbp99ha.png Figure 1: Pareto Surface for different parameterizations of the algorithms 2.5-opt-EEs, 2.5-opt-optimized, 1-shift-delta, 2.5-opt-depth, 2.5-opt-threshold and 2.5-opt-combined on uniform instances with n = 1000 and homogeneous probabilities of p = 0.2. Since the PTSP is a minimization problem, better solutions are plotted with a lower solution quality. https://scispace.com/papers/new-brachiopoda-from-the-indian-ocean-1vnwbmcx89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outline-map-of-the-indian-ocean-showing-locations-2jyptl7g.png Figure 1.—Outline map of the Indian Ocean showing locations of cruises and their dredging stations that produced brachiopods. https://scispace.com/papers/new-caching-system-under-uncertainty-for-mobile-edge-3lvapasdz2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-input-variables-description-2zlra06m.png TABLE I INPUT VARIABLES DESCRIPTION https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-notation-2jva7bgn.png TABLE V NOTATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cache-hit-ratio-of-fuzzy-caching-system-lru-and-fifo-9uc2uxkq.png Fig. 5. Cache hit ratio of Fuzzy caching system, LRU and FIFO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cache-hit-ratio-stability-over-time-30em34br.png Fig. 6. Cache Hit ratio stability over time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-values-of-energy-consumption-thermal-properties-324z8jqs.png Fig. 7. The values of energy consumption, thermal properties, voltage and current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-edge-caching-architecture-3j87b3vk.png Fig. 1. Edge caching Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-output-variable-description-35b45tpq.png TABLE II OUTPUT VARIABLE DESCRIPTION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-fuzzification-of-output-3aqqcx3f.png TABLE IV FUZZIFICATION OF OUTPUT https://scispace.com/papers/new-estimation-techniques-for-ordinal-sensitive-variables-25q9g3i2zg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bias-mean-squared-error-and-relative-efficiency-in-wmg3ffeu.png Table 1: Bias, mean squared error and relative efficiency (in percentage) of the estimators for Pi. 15 https://scispace.com/papers/new-formulation-of-the-iterative-method-application-to-a-wk75eq92pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-of-the-coefficients-of-reflexions-s11-and-2gnndzgu.png Figure 7. Variation of the coefficients of reflexions S11 and of transmission S21 according to Ri (for f = 3 GHz). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-flow-chart-summarizing-the-iterative-method-with-154uoix8.png Figure 4. Flow chart summarizing the iterative method with auxiliary sources. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-divergence-of-the-results-due-to-the-use-of-3utss76i.png Figure 11. The divergence of the results due to the use of localised components having different sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-diagram-of-a-microwaves-attenuator-2fawbiej.png Figure 1. General diagram of a microwaves attenuator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structure-of-study-and-plan-of-discontinuity-2ev87fkd.png Figure 2. Structure of study and plan of discontinuity Ω. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-divergent-solutions-due-to-the-use-of-dot-size-bz1ald86.png Figure 10. Divergent solutions due to the use of dot size excitation source in the iterative method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-auxiliary-source-technique-emoc5p2m.png Figure 3. Auxiliary source technique. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-variation-of-the-coefficient-of-reflexion-s11-in-3tijbors.png Figure 9. Variation of the coefficient of reflexion S11 in function of the frequency (for Ri = 1Ω). https://scispace.com/papers/new-generation-of-the-reference-interaction-site-model-self-15j4te18x2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rdfs-of-h2o-derived-from-a-rism-scf-sedd-and-b-the-2z2u87da.png FIG. 1. RDFs of H2O derived from a RISM-SCF-SEDD and b the original RISM-SCF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-difference-of-the-esp-evaluated-by-rism-scf-sedd-34h4icnl.png FIG. 5. The difference of the ESP evaluated by RISM-SCF-SEDD and by the original RISM-SCF from that calculated by QM calculation along HLi bond. The solid and dotted lines correspond to USEDD and UORG. The shaded area shows the region where the distance from solute site is shorter than the LJ parameter, /2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rdfs-of-hli-derived-from-a-rism-scf-sedd-and-b-the-3828qqm7.png FIG. 4. RDFs of HLi derived from a RISM-SCF-SEDD and b the original RISM-SCF. Schematic figures of solvation structure around Li and around H are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rdfs-of-c2h5oh-derived-from-a-rism-scf-sedd-and-b-the-spncu8uu.png FIG. 3. RDFs of C2H5OH derived from a RISM-SCF-SEDD and b the original RISM-SCF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-charges-qs-qa-and-qn-for-h-site-of-hli-molecule-1dokv16r.png TABLE III. Charges, qS, qA, and qN for H site of HLi molecule calculated in gas phase and in aqueous phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-change-of-qs-qa-and-qb-of-c1-c2-and-o-along-the-3rp4luml.png FIG. 2. The change of qS, qA, and qB of C1, C2, and O along the RISM-SCF iteration cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-charges-and-dipole-moment-for-h2o-derived-from-rism-ebpr6fyu.png TABLE II. Charges and dipole moment for H2O derived from RISM-SCFSEDD and the original RISM-SCF with sets A and B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lennard-jones-interaction-parameters-3evqbmga.png TABLE I. Lennard-Jones interaction parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/new-horizon-on-the-origin-of-the-stellar-disk-and-spheroid-i6fev3brhx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-the-in-situ-and-ex-situ-stars-in-a-3i49lrx2.png Figure 5. Distribution of the in situ and ex situ stars in a galaxy in a phase-space diagram. Top panels: the numbers of in situ and ex situ stars as a function of galactocentric distance. The distribution of in situ stars is colored by median formation epoch of the stars at given distances. Orange and cyan lines are distributions of ex situ stars assembled at z∼3 and z∼1.5 (two significant accretions through mergers), respectively. Middle panels: 3D velocity vs. the distance from the galactic center. Bottom panels: the circularity parameter vs. the distance. Each star is color-coded according to its formation (in situ) or assembly (ex situ) epoch, from red (early) to blue (recent). The rotational velocity curve of the galaxy is plotted as the dashed line in panel (c). (g) Probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the circularity parameters of in situ (unfilled) and accreted (hatched) stars normalized by the total number of stars in the galaxy. The stellar kinematics is strongly dependent on the formation/assembly epochs and origins; young stars formed in situ have ordered motions with circularity close to 1, while stars formed earlier have disordered motions with low circularity. Accreted stars have mostly disordered motions with circularity centered around 0, and their radial distributions depend on their assembly epoch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-evolution-of-a-galaxy-developing-a-counter-l10ncib3.png Figure 10. Evolution of a galaxy developing a counter-rotating disk. (a) The normalized stacked histogram of the assembly epochs of all stars in the galaxy, color-coded according to the different origins of the stars in the same way as in Figure 6 (blue: stars formed in situ with òbirth>0.5; red: stars formed in situ with òbirth<0.5; hatched: stars formed ex situ). The fraction of each subcomponent is shown in the box. (b) The evolution of D/T (corotating disk fraction, fò>0.5) as a function of the redshift. The dashed line shows the mass ratio of the stars with ∣ ∣ > 0.5 (coplanar orbits including both corotation and counter-rotation). (c) V/σ of the cold gas inside the galaxy, measured with respect to the spin axis of the gas. (d) Cosine of the angle between the rotational axes of the gas and stars (cos α). (e) The fraction of cold gas ( ( )º +f M M Mcold gas cold gas stellar cold gas ) as a function of the redshift. The gray shade represents the duration of the counter-rotating disk (V/σ>3 and cos α<0). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stellar-origins-of-the-galaxies-with-different-mass-35zfypey.png Table 1 Stellar Origins of the Galaxies with Different Mass and Morphology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-top-a-general-picture-of-the-evolution-of-a-galaxy-czb3ablc.png Figure 13. Top: a general picture of the evolution of a galaxy based on the discussion of Section 4.2. Galaxies grow from in situ star formation and accretion of stars that are formed ex situ. As redshift decreases, stars are more likely to form with aligned orbits (blue orbits). Bottom: a schematic diagram showing the estimates (as percentages) of stellar particles with different origins in the disk and spheroidal components (same as Figure 1). Disk and spheroidal components of galaxies are kinematically decomposed at z=0.7, and the arrows indicate the different channels to the spheroids: (i) stars initially formed in the disk (“aligned” initial orbits) yet migrated to the spheroid, (ii) stars born with “misaligned” initial orbits, and (iii) accreted stars. The numbers shown in blue and orange colors are the average estimates for the 53 disk-dominated galaxies (D/T>0.5) and the 43 spheroid-dominated galaxies (D/T<0.35), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-diagram-summarizing-the-possible-2u6jpzgb.png Figure 1. A schematic diagram summarizing the possible channels to the disk and spheroidal components of a galaxy, based on the origins of stellar particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-assembly-history-of-the-stars-in-a-galaxy-selected-26c8io82.png Figure 6. Assembly history of the stars in a galaxy selected at z=0.7 (with mass of 6.91×1010 M , the same galaxy as in Figure 3) and its two components. Normalized histograms of the assembly epochs of all the stars in the galaxy (left), and of stars in the spheroidal (middle) and disk (right) components. The stacked hatched bars represent the number of stars accreted at each epoch. The stars born in situ, stacked underneath, are divided into two groups depending on their orbits at birth: aligned (blue) and misaligned (red). The fractions of each subcomponent in the spheroid and disk are shown in the upper right box. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-the-mass-fraction-of-the-subcomponents-17hyz4xm.png Figure 9. Evolution of the mass fraction of the subcomponents (measured with a time window of50 Myr) in the spheroids to the final stellar mass at z=0.7. The three subcomponents are divided following Section 4.1: stars born in situ with aligned (red line with stars) and misaligned (orange line with circles) orbits and accreted stars (gray line with triangles). Galaxies are divided into four groups: (a) massive ( ( )< <=M M10 log 11,z 0.7* ) disk-dominated galaxies, (b) low-mass ( ( )< <=M M9 log 10,z 0.7* ) disk-dominated galaxies, (c) massive spheroid-dominated galaxies, and (d) low-mass spheroid-dominated galaxies. The number of galaxies in each group is shown in the parenthesis. Each inset panel shows the evolution of fdisk 100 Myr (defined as in Figure 7), and the horizontal dashed purple line represents the cut for disk-mode star formation (see Section 4.2). All the shadings in this figure represent the 20th and 80th percentiles. A significant fraction of the spheroids comes from the disk stars that are perturbed (except for (d)), and the importance of accreted stars is greater in more massive galaxies (especially in (c)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-left-d-t-evolution-of-galaxies-with-different-1ehozaht.png Figure 12. Left: D/T evolution of galaxies with different morphologies. The solid lines indicate the average D/T of the disk-dominated (blue line), intermediate (green line), and spheroid-dominated (orange line) galaxies, and the shading represents 1σ. We also plot the D/T evolution of individual galaxies as specimens of different galaxy types: massive disk-dominated (“A,” dashed dark blue line), low-mass disk-dominated (“B,” dotted purple line), massive intermediate (“C,” dashed dark green line), low-mass intermediate (“D,” dotted green line), massive spheroid-dominated (“E,” dashed dark red line), and low-mass spheroid-dominated (“F,” dotted brown line). Right: r-band (in rest frame) edge-on images of those specimens from z=3.0 to z=0.7. https://scispace.com/papers/new-hydroelastic-solitary-waves-in-deep-water-and-their-236wbt53cf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-typical-profiles-correspond-to-points-a-h-indicated-35y141z1.png Figure 4. Typical profiles correspond to points (a)-(h) indicated in figure 3. (c) and (d) are the typical profiles of asymmetric waves; (g) and (h) correspond to the symmetry-breaking bifurcation points. All figures are shown in the physical space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-time-evolution-of-a-a-perturbed-elevation-wave-c-1-1hjrxwy0.png Figure 9. Time-evolution of (a) a perturbed elevation wave (c = 1.2) at t = 0, 3000, 4000, 5000 (from top to bottom); (b) a perturbed elevation wave (c = 1.25) at t = 0, 750, 1000, 1500 (from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-snapshots-of-the-free-surface-due-to-two-moving-1ydpi3li.png Figure 15. Snapshots of the free-surface due to two moving pressures (A = 0.2 and c = 1.3) at t = 25, 100, 140, 200, 325 (from top to bottom). The forces are switched on at t = 0 and off at t = 125. The centre of P1 is initially placed at x = −220 and that of P2 is at x = −200, i.e., d = 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-speed-energy-bifurcation-diagram-of-asymmetric-31r81ahp.png Figure 3. Speed-energy bifurcation diagram of asymmetric hydroelastic solitary waves. The solid curve correspond to the branch of asymmetric waves. The dotted curve and the dashed curve correspond to two branches of symmetric waves where the asymmetric branch bifurcates from. (a)-(f) correspond to those waves travelling at speed c = 1.31 whose profiles are shown in figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-speed-energy-bifurcation-curve-for-the-branch-of-2gts5pdw.png Figure 8. Speed-energy bifurcation curve for the branch of elevation. The graph on the bottom is a zoom in of the box in the graph on the top. Waves from the solid branches are stable whereas those from the dot-dashed curves are unstable. The stationary points and the turning points are marked as stars and pentagrams respectively in the graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-overtaking-collision-two-depression-waves-travel-2tzyi7u9.png Figure 12. Overtaking collision. Two depression waves travel rightforwards at c = 1.26 and c = 1.25 respectively. (a) We plot y versus x for time t = 0, 700, 1400, 2100, 2800, 3500, 4200 (from top to bottom). The snapshots are shown in a frame of reference moving with the speed c = 1.25. (b) The difference between the initial data and the time-reversed solution computed from t = 4200 back to t = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-evolution-of-a-a-perturbed-depression-wave-c-1-3ryo7r5k.png Figure 7. Time-evolution of (a) a perturbed depression wave (c = 1.32) at t = 0, 1000, 2000 (from top to bottom); (b) a perturbed elevation wave (c = 1.323) at t = 0, 1500, 3000 (from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-speed-amplitude-and-speed-energy-curves-for-72ixzraj.png Figure 1. Speed-amplitude and speed-energy curves for symmetric elevation and depression solitary waves emerging from the bifurcation point c∗ ≈ 1.3247. (a) speed-amplitude curves of the elevation and depression branches. The value of η at the middle point is considered as the amplitude. The depression branch is monotonic for c ∈ [0, c∗) (only part of the curve is shown), while the elevation branch demonstrates a complex behaviour with multiple turning points. (b) speed-energy curve of the elevation branch showing a zig-zag behaviour; (c) speed-energy curve of the depression branch with two stationary points. The energy partition is shown in (d) for the elevation branch, and in (e) for the depression branch, where the total energy is partitioned into kinetic energy (solid line), gravitational potential energy (dotted line), and elastic potential energy (dash-dotted line). https://scispace.com/papers/new-instruments-of-monetary-policy-3jr0uyn1n2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uk-policy-rate-and-nominal-gdp-growth-o3u1d2ks.png Figure 2: UK policy rate and nominal GDP growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-qe-in-a-c-c-l-m-framework-16d0cw6e.png Figure 1: QE in a C-C/L-M framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bank-of-england-and-federal-reserve-purchases-of-3dvvimd5.png Figure 6: Bank of England and Federal Reserve purchases of assets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cpi-and-core-in-ation-in-japan-3vkp9pbu.png Figure 5: CPI and core in ation in Japan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-bank-of-england-s-balance-sheet-assets-3fl4nksn.png Figure 7: Bank of England s balance sheet - Assets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bank-of-england-s-balance-sheet-liabilities-1rt6ktal.png Figure 8: Bank of England s balance sheet - Liabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-money-multiplier-3u2d8b84.png Figure 4: Money multiplier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-policy-rates-3frvwn92.png Figure 3: Policy rates https://scispace.com/papers/new-metrics-for-managing-and-sustaining-the-ocean-s-bounty-2z0hg0eylc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-how-ecosystem-service-metrics-change-our-view-of-the-1mabfttw.png Fig. 2. How ecosystem service metrics change our view of the seascape. These maps show the distribution of example supply and service metrics for a subset of ecosystem services near San Francisco Bay, California, demonstrating how marine spatial planning would be affected by the metric(s) chosen. Shown here are rough estimates of the distribution of supply metrics and service metrics for recreational whale watching (humpback and gray whales), provision of squid for the commercial fishery, and inundation regulation for property protection (by kelp). The supply metrics show that whale watching and commercial squid fishing are possible in a large area along the central coast (a), and that extensive kelp beds in the inset region (black box in a) provide large potential for protection from inundation (c). However, the service metrics show that whale watching trips happen most often (highest intensity) in areas within reasonable travel distance from ports and with high whale density (b), squid landings are very heterogeneous in the area and landings are only high in a few concentrated sites (b), and kelp beds are likely only providing protection in the southern part of the focal region, where they are offshore of developed areas (d). The coastal protection ranking was derived based on the assumption that property protection service is provided if kelp (using data for canopy kelps as a proxy for non-canopy kelps) is offshore of a developed area (agriculture, or development of any intensity) located directly on the coast. While this gives a good first glance at where property protection is likely provided, more rigorous analyses for actual management decisions would include additional information such as bathymetry and incoming wave direction and magnitude. Data layers were downloaded from MarineMap (http:// marinemap.org) with assistance from C. Ebert. The kelp data layer is a composite of kelp maps from 1989, 1999, 2002, and 2003, in part collected by California Department of Fish and Game and compiled by B. Turner and B. Kinlan. The squid supply layer was developed from a habitat suitability model created as part of a NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Biogeographic Assessment. The squid service data layer represents catch data, in tons, from Market Squid vessel logbooks. The whale watching intensity data were collected through participatory workshops conducted by NOAA’s Marine Protected Area Center and Marine Conservation Biology Institute. Landuse and landcover data are from the Department of Interior’s United States Geological Survey National Landcover Database (pink is light development, red is heavy development, green is forest, and tan is all other land uses). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-measurement-points-for-ecosystem-services-supply-3bz0txww.png Fig. 1. Three measurement points for ecosystem services. Supply metrics deal only with the biophysical system underpinning the service of interest. Service metrics include critical information linking supply to beneficiaries. Value metrics weight the level of service based on people’s preferences or social policy goals. https://scispace.com/papers/new-methods-for-accurate-prediction-of-protein-secondary-s6hrpuuj41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-second-level-network-results-21oc8xlr.png TABLE II. Second Level Network Results† https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-analysis-ofaccuracy-82g7acz7.png TABLE VIII.Analysis ofAccuracy† https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-first-level-secondary-structure-prediction-network-fp48j598.png Fig. 1. First level secondary structure prediction network. Units in the network are represented by ellipses, connections between units by solid lines. In the input layer, shown at the bottom of the figure, clusters of 22 units are used to input information about each residue in a continuous stretch of sequence surrounding a given residue, i, for which the secondary structure is being predicted. Twenty units are used to enter the percentage of each amino acid in the multiple sequence alignment at that position. The 21st unit in each cluster, labelled %-, is turned on when the input window overlaps the ends of the sequence alignment. The 22nd unit in each cluster is used to enter the conservation weight.3 All input units are connected to every unit in the hidden layer, each of which is connected to both output units, H and E. Most units and connections are not shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-importance-of-class-network-inputs-3jhkv0y9.png TABLE V. Importance of Class Network Inputs† https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-structural-class-prediction-using-single-output-z9daonc2.png TABLE IV. Structural Class Prediction Using Single-Output Networks† https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-jury-decisions-with-secondary-structure-prediction-2cvmz9x6.png Fig. 5. Jury decisions with secondary structure prediction networks. Eight combinations of networks were used to predict the secondary structure of each protein independently, using 15-fold cross validation. One prediction was made using the reduced training set method (results are shown in Table VI); the other predictions were made using the second level networks shown in Table II. For all 8 predictions, the prediction set estimated accuracy method was used to produce estimated probablilities of finding helix, strand, and coil at each residue. Jury decisions were made by averaging the predicted probabilities from several of the networks. All 28-1 possible combinations of networks were tested. Results were sorted into sets according the number of networks averaged in the jury decision. The mean and standard deviation in Q3 for each set are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-predictionaccuracy-varies-with-helix-strand-length-1anps5po.png TABLE VII. PredictionAccuracy Varies With Helix/Strand Length† https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-second-level-secondary-structure-prediction-network-bleu9xp1.png Fig. 2. Second level secondary structure prediction network. Units in the network are represented by ellipses, connections between units by solid lines. In the input layer, shown at the bottom of the figure, clusters of 2 units are used to input information about each residue in a continuous stretch of sequence surrounding a given residue, i, for which the secondary structure is being predicted. These units are used to enter the H and E values output by the first level network at each positon. All input units are connected to every unit in the hidden layer, each of which is connected to both output units, H and E. Most units and connections are not shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/new-product-development-during-the-last-ten-years-the-4z1qyi7qox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bibliometric-activity-indicators-of-each-cluster-sgtn3cwd.png Table 2 - Bibliometric activity indicators of each cluster https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-the-papers-by-years-left-and-years-395fd0ph.png Figure 2 - Distribution of the papers by years (left) and years-clusters (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-themes-emerged-from-the-vos-analysis-dxik271j.png Figure 3 – Themes emerged from the VOS analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-main-topics-discussed-and-future-research-avenues-2ugpkkxu.png Table 3 - Main topics discussed and future research avenues https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-journals-on-the-topic-of-npd-with-at-least-15-2dbm53z1.png Table 1 - Main journals on the topic of NPD with at least 15 papers published https://scispace.com/papers/new-technique-for-bunch-shape-flattening-17m4zwpx83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tomographic-reconstruction-of-phase-space-at-120-woh1h4iy.png Figure 8: Tomographic reconstruction of phase space at 120 MeV, V15= 4 kV, 6 ms frequency sweep, 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tomographic-reconstruction-at-50-mev-20-ms-33fwrkh9.png Figure 6: Tomographic reconstruction at 50 MeV, 20 ms filamentation V15= 4kV, 8 ms sweep, intensity 2x10 12 ppp. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bunching-factors-at-100-mev-single-harmonic-34fg85mv.png Table 1: Bunching factors at 100 MeV, single harmonic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tomographic-reconstruction-of-phase-space-after-h-1-6dpsmluq.png Figure 4: Tomographic reconstruction of phase space after h=1 capture and acceleration to 100 MeV flat top; V16= 2kV, frequency sweep in 20ms, intensity 7x1012 ppp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tomographic-reconstruction-of-phase-space-after-27yqd2ps.png Figure 5: Tomographic reconstruction of phase space after acceleration to 1 GeV, V15= 3kV, 8 ms sweep, 6x10 12 ppp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-beam-energy-width-versus-injected-intensity-1qwybre2.png Figure 3: Beam energy width versus injected intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-spectrum-from-btfm-after-deposition-of-empty-12nso89b.png Figure 2: Energy spectrum (from BTFM) after deposition of empty buckets with V15= 4kV, 8 ms frequency sweep. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-computer-simulation-of-longitudinal-phase-space-2mp18c9o.png Figure 1: Computer simulation of longitudinal phase space after deposition of V16= 1kV empty buckets; T = 5ms. https://scispace.com/papers/new-techniques-for-regular-expression-searching-4vw5182q0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marked-glushkov-automaton-built-on-the-marked-3ni2wy10.png Figure 1: Marked Glushkov automaton built on the marked regular expression (A1T2|G3A4) ((A5G6|A7A8A9)∗). The state 0 is initial. Double-circled states are final. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-glushkov-based-bit-parallel-search-algorithm-we-1zr35v6h.png Figure 5: Glushkov-based bit-parallel search algorithm. We assume that Parse gives the syntax tree vRE and the number of positions m in RE, and that Glushkov variables builds B, First, Last and Follow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-algorithm-comparison-on-dna-in-seconds-for-10-mb-3fzm0ov3.png Table 7: Algorithm comparison on DNA, in seconds for 10 Mb. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-algorithm-comparison-on-english-in-seconds-for-10-mb-ms80z8mh.png Table 8: Algorithm comparison on English, in seconds for 10 Mb. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-our-search-times-as-a-function-of-the-nfa-size-m-1-3ppkqrri.png Figure 12: Our search times as a function of the NFA size (m + 1), using 32-bit masks (left) and 64-bit masks (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-critical-position-is-not-reached-in-the-linear-o5mie4vc.png Figure 9: The critical position is not reached, in the linear-time algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-patterns-used-on-english-text-2twd9k07.png Table 2: The patterns used on English text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-glushkov-automaton-built-on-the-regular-expression-favcw027.png Figure 2: Glushkov automaton built on the regular expression (AT|GA)((AG|AAA)*). The state 0 is initial. Double-circled states are final. https://scispace.com/papers/new-tetracyclic-triterpenoids-from-jatropha-gossypiifolia-3d2gmx46s0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-ecd-spectrum-210400-nm-of-3-and-the-1a0z6b21.png Figure 2. Experimental ECD spectrum (210400 nm) of 3 and the calculated ECD spectra of the model molecules of 3 at the B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level in the gas phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-diagram-of-compound-1-2v3zei4x.png Figure 1. ORTEP diagram of compound 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-evaluation-of-effects-on-apoptosis-by-compound-12-13p1e6d5.png Figure 7. Evaluation of effects on apoptosis by compound 12. Evaluation of changes in nuclear morphology by fluorescence microscopy of DAPI-stained nuclei after 24 h of incubation of RKO human colon cancer cells with compounds 12, 5-FU, or DMSO vehicle control. Representative images of compound effect on apoptosis (200 × magnification), with red arrows highlighting apoptotic cells. aIC50, b2-fold IC50. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1h-nmr-data-of-jatrogossones-a-g-1-9-in-cdcl3-600-24avtllv.png Table 1. 1H NMR Data of Jatrogossones A−G (1−9) in CDCl3 (600 MHz, in ppm, J in Hz) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ortep-diagram-of-compound-8-2ut3pi29.png Figure 5. ORTEP diagram of compound 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-inhibitory-curves-of-compounds-11-12-and-5-fu-1kiwjf28.png Figure 6. Inhibitory curves of compounds 11, 12, and 5-FU (positive control) in RKO cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-ecd-spectrum-210400-nm-of-7-and-the-286srjdw.png Figure 4. Experimental ECD spectrum (210400 nm) of 7 and the calculated ECD spectra of the model molecules of 7 at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) level in the gas phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ortep-diagram-of-compound-10-1htgdqdf.png Figure 3. ORTEP diagram of compound 10. https://scispace.com/papers/newly-independent-nations-and-large-engineering-projects-the-2o63p6rnzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-planning-and-building-akosombo-township-3smns5ik.png Table 3: Planning and building Akosombo Township https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-resettlement-process-for-the-volta-river-project-g4qsb1r9.png Table 1: The resettlement Process for the Volta River Project https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-factors-that-influenced-the-volta-river-project-ynnsk1dv.png Table 2: Factors that influenced the Volta River Project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-process-of-megaproject-evolution-v1xrsaf4.png Figure 1: The process of megaproject evolution https://scispace.com/papers/next-generation-network-management-technology-28pc2e01u3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overall-screen-layout-completion-of-task-is-2m2xbea0.png FIGURE 2. Overall Screen Layout: Completion of Task is indicated by All Buttons in Check-List Being Green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-basic-object-classes-inheritance-hierarchy-24ww5v8x.png FIGURE 3. Basic Object Classes & Inheritance Hierarchy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lanadvantage-network-configuration-2a7ackuw.png FIGURE 1. LANAdvantage Network Configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tree-browser-with-overview-and-detail-view-tightly-pahyirfc.png FIGURE 5. Tree-Browser with Overview and Detail View Tightly Coupled. https://scispace.com/papers/new-trends-for-metal-complexes-with-anticancer-activity-4hgpn1jz50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8bqfmqnt.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3qrpnauk.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/nitrile-oxide-alkyne-cycloadditions-a-credible-platform-for-2h7p3mv7rx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-isoxazole-ligated-dna-conjugates-prepared-by-1c6aumx3.png Figure 11. Isoxazole-ligated DNA conjugates prepared by SPANOC. R = phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 1-pyrenyl, 2-(2- hydroxyethoxy)phenyl.[89] For purposes of clarity, only one regiosiomeric isoxazole will be drawn from this point forward. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-bicyclo-6-1-0-nonyne-bcn-35-and-nucleoside-g6iplpst.png Figure 10. Bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) 35 and nucleoside analogue 36, formed by strain-promoted nitrile oxide/alkyne cycloaddition (SPNOAC).[56] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-triazole-ligated-dna-conjugate-prepared-in-solution-2uabcnz4.png Figure 9. Triazole-ligated DNA conjugate prepared in solution phase by SPAAC.[83] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-cyclooctyne-partners-in-spaac-206tfz1p.png Figure 1. Representative cyclooctyne partners in SPAAC reactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oestradiol-conjugate-prepared-by-cu-1-promoted-jbrpelh2.png Figure 2. Oestradiol conjugate prepared by Cu(1)-promoted nitrile oxide/alkyne cycloaddition.[48a] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-retrosynthetic-routes-to-oligonucleotide-conjugates-hy5aouje.png Figure 5. Retrosynthetic routes to oligonucleotide conjugates utilising a) off-resin,[78] and b) on-resin[62a] NOAC chemistry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dna-ligation-product-formed-by-spaac-chemistry-72b-29wx53hw.png Figure 6. DNA ligation product formed by SPAAC chemistry.[72b] For clarity only one regiosiomer of the triazole conjugates is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-selected-azide-click-partners-for-spaac-with-dna-33g1lxo4.png Figure 8. Selected azide click partners for SPAAC with DNA-cyclooctyne 31.[83] https://scispace.com/papers/nine-year-wilkinson-microwave-anisotropy-probe-wmap-34qngguald 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-ilc-coefficients-per-regiona-1s9pv1nq.png Table 12 ILC Coefficients per Regiona https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-wmap-nine-year-mainbeam-parameters-1toxsv6j.png Table 3 WMAP Nine-year Mainbeam Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-40-test-for-scale-dependent-systematics-f-orthnl-27szax4f.png Figure 40. Test for scale-dependent systematics: f orthNL estimates in l-bands, with cumulative best-fit value f orthNL = −245 shown by the dotted horizontal line. Each error bar is labeled with the statistical significance of the deviation from the cumulative best-fit value (not the deviation from zero). No evidence for scale-dependent systematics is seen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41-visual-test-for-sky-location-dependent-systematics-1rq8qhjg.png Figure 41. Visual test for sky location dependent systematics: skymap showing the contribution of different parts of the sky to the f orthNL estimator, in units of “f orth NL per steradian.” We do not detect any significant localized features in this map. https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-a-test-for-consistency-between-channels-2agax0vu.png Table 16 A Test for Consistency between Channels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-parameter-maps-from-the-mcmcg-model-fit-the-top-277plbj4.png Figure 20. Parameter maps from the MCMCg model fit. The top four maps are shown on logarithmic scales and the others are on linear scales. Accurate determination of the CMB close to the Galactic plane is inhibited by CMB-foreground covariance. The map for β synchrotron is evaluated at 40 GHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-34-tb-spectrum-the-tb-spectrum-uses-the-master-1rt7py3a.png Figure 34. TB spectrum. The TB spectrum uses the MASTER likelihood code. Note that the vertical axis on these spectra is (l + 1)Cl/(2π ) instead of l(l + 1)Cl/(2π ); this vertical scale differs from that of the TT spectrum plot by a factor of l. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-individual-likelihood-functions-of-the-low-l-ee-3nvva1qm.png Figure 35. Individual likelihood functions of the low l EE polarized power are shown for l = 2 through 7. When fitting at a particular l, we set Cl at all other values of l to the value in the best-fit WMAP power spectrum. In addition, at the l in question we set CTEl = 0 to maintain that CTEl √ CTTl C EE l . The black diamonds denote the best-fit WMAP EE power spectrum. These likelihood functions include sample variance. https://scispace.com/papers/nitrative-signaling-into-cardiac-lactate-dehydrogenase-1fv6knu4ao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-outline-for-an-anti-no2tyr-antibody-based-kifi1cue.png Fig. 1. Experimental outline for an anti-NO2Tyr antibody-based biomarker detection approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-screening-of-different-native-tissue-homogenates-3uon3nx0.png Fig. 2. Screening of different native tissue homogenates identifies a 38 kDa band in heart as https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-identification-of-ldh-trp-324-as-physiologically-3aot2nm8.png Fig. 5. Identification of LDH Trp-324 as physiologically nitrated and oxidized. The interaction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-in-vivo-genetic-validation-of-reactive-nitrogen-1g91ebvi.png Fig. 4. In vivo genetic validation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) sources. (A) Events leading https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pathological-ldh-nitration-levels-in-short-term-st-and-21rf9ojo.png Fig. 3. Pathological LDH nitration levels in short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) diabetic disease https://scispace.com/papers/nitrogen-and-phosphorus-recycling-mediated-by-copepods-in-2c0fbgwc0f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bacterioplankton-abundance-over-the-incubation-l1c2uxhf.png Figure 6. Bacterioplankton abundance over the incubation period for treatments with copepods and control (without copepods) in each LD experiment. (a) LD A, (b) LD B and (c) LD C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-c-e-phosphate-po34-and-b-d-f-dissolved-organic-1w8cm6oi.png Figure 4. (a, c, e) Phosphate (PO34−) and (b, d, f) dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) variability over the incubation period for treatments with copepods and control (without copepods) in each LD experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-c-e-n-p-ratios-of-the-inorganic-din-dip-and-b-d-f-1frj027l.png Figure 5. (a, c, e) N : P ratios of the inorganic (DIN : DIP) and (b, d, f) organic (DON : DOP) nutrients over the incubation period for treatments with copepods and control (without copepods) in each LD experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-e-i-ammonium-nh-4-b-f-j-nitrate-no-3-c-g-k-1yrngpv1.png Figure 3. (a, e, i) Ammonium (NH+4 ), (b, f, j) nitrate (NO − 3 ), (c, g, k) nitrite (NO − 2 ) and (d, h, l) dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) variability over the incubation period for treatments with copepods and control (without copepods) in each LD experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-principal-component-ordination-of-treatment-with-s0id7vg1.png Figure 11. Principal component ordination of treatment with copepods and the control based on Bray–Curtis similarity at order taxonomic level. (a) LD A, (b) LD B and (c) LD C. Vectors indicate the best environmental variables (normalized transformed) correlated with ordinations and vector lengths correspond to the correlation values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-richness-chao1-diversity-shannon-and-evenness-from-2nhas55s.png Figure 7. Richness, chao1, diversity (Shannon) and evenness from the total and active in situ bacterial community and over the incubation period for the active bacterial community at each LD experiment: (a) LD A, (b) LD B and (c) LD C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-contribution-of-active-orders-over-the-incubation-3jkikxto.png Figure 10. Contribution of active orders over the incubation period based on the SIMPER results. List of the OTUs explaining 50 % of the dissimilarity observed through the experiment between treatment with copepods (top) and control (bottom) for each LD experiment: (a) LD A, (b) LD B and (c) LD C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quasi-lagrangian-surface-chlorophyll-a-2odp014j.png Figure 1. Quasi-Lagrangian surface chlorophyll-a concentration (mg m−3) during the OUTPACE cruise. The satellite data are weighted in time by each pixel’s distance from the ship’s position for the entire cruise. The white line shows the vessel route (data from the hull-mounted ADCP positioning system). Coral reefs and coastlines are shown in black, land in grey, and areas of no data are left white. The positions of the short- (long-)duration stations are shown by cross (plus) symbols. Experiments were performed at each long-duration station (image courtesy of Alain de Verneil, 2 June 2017). https://scispace.com/papers/no-effect-of-acute-and-chronic-supramaximal-exercise-on-45afadbn5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-training-characteristics-16ttscmd.png Table 1: Training characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/no-effects-of-l-dopa-and-bromocriptine-on-5a4r91wqnx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3b-grand-average-erps-for-lead-pz-per-treatment-for-2c896g69.png Figure 3b Grand average ERPs for lead Pz per treatment for experiment II (bromocriptine). There were no significant differences in P300 amplitude between the placebo and bromocriptine treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3a-grand-average-average-over-all-subjects-erps-for-2k16tcpw.png Figure 3b Grand average ERPs for lead Pz per treatment for experiment II (bromocriptine). There were no significant differences in P300 amplitude between the placebo and bromocriptine treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-performance-data-of-experiment-i-l-dopa-and-360wt6cw.png Table 1 Mean performance data of experiment I (l-dopa) and experiment II (bromocriptine), showing a higher percentage of hits and false alarms, as well as an increased reaction time in experiment I https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plasma-hva-levels-sem-in-experiment-i-l-dopa-a-and-g4mxxw6u.png Figure 2 Plasma HVA levels ( SEM) in experiment I (l-dopa, (a)) and experiment II (bromocriptine, (b)), for both the placebo and drug treatments, displaying a large increase of plasma HVA following administration of l-dopa, but not bromocriptine, when compared to the placebo treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plasma-prolactin-levels-sem-over-time-in-experiment-2q7tbeps.png Figure 1 Plasma prolactin levels ( SEM) over time in experiment I (l-dopa, (a)) and experiment II (bromocriptine, (b)), for both the placebo and drug treatments, displaying a significant decrease in prolactin level following administration of l-dopa or bromocriptine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-grand-average-difference-waves-lead-fz-for-3s5v5jd7.png Figure 4 Grand average difference waves (lead Fz) for processing negativity, for study I (l-dopa) and experiment II (bromocriptine). In both experiments there were no significant differences found between placebo and active treatment. https://scispace.com/papers/nmf-based-temporal-feature-integration-for-acoustic-event-17ca2mjkte 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-database-used-in-the-experiments-j83ppe32.png Table 1: Database used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-responses-of-the-filter-banks-used-in-the-1wennzfv.png Figure 2: Frequency responses of the filter banks used in the temporal feature integration process. (a) Fixed filter bank (U), 4 filters; Filter banks determined by NMF (W): (b) 4 filters; (c) 6 filters; (d) 8 filters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-the-feature-extraction-process-3grashxm.png Figure 1: Block diagram of the feature extraction process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-rate-for-different-feature-sets-2ul9x1wg.png Table 2: Classification rate [%] for different feature sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-classification-rate-for-different-number-of-filters-3qllr2om.png Table 3: Classification rate [%] for different number of filters in the filter bank extracted by NMF. https://scispace.com/papers/nodavirus-encephalopathy-in-turbot-scophthalmus-maximus-4t9ura3sd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-643-644-645-1ylvlcr8.png Figure 2. 643 644 645 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-primers-sequence-of-the-genes-analysed-807-3w2dwob2.png TABLE 1. Primers sequence of the genes analysed. 807 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-753-754-755-1tg9gv1v.png Figure 5. 753 754 755 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-703-704-705-706-707-708-709-710-711-712-713-714-715-3aj3slhb.png Figure 4. 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 https://scispace.com/papers/noise-benefit-frsde-for-speedup-of-density-estimation-on-1w2thhwj4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3214n7ww.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-the-meb-obtained-on-the-original-dataset-23mxegxq.png Fig. 1 Comparison of the MEB obtained on the original dataset and its noisy version https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-segmentation-results-by-two-methods-a-and-b-c7ipzn78.png Fig. 3 The segmentation results by two methods: (a) and (b) obtained by FRSDE based method; (c) and (d) obtained by NBFRSDE based method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-46vqv316.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-adopted-images-for-segmentation-1i22l3jd.png Fig. 2 The adopted images for segmentation. https://scispace.com/papers/noisy-estimation-of-simultaneously-structured-models-51yt93sffs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-of-algorithm-1-as-a-function-of-snr-2rz4rkuq.png Fig. 3. Performance of Algorithm 1 as a function of SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-algorithm-1-vs-convex-program-iv-1-oydryvcd.png Fig. 2. Algorithm 1 vs convex program (IV.1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mse-of-convex-program-for-various-snrs-l-1-0-8-l-5-1idxxwfn.png Fig. 1. MSE of convex program for various SNRs (λ`1 = 0.8, λ? = 5). https://scispace.com/papers/noise-reduction-based-random-matrix-theory-46mqjqu7r4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-speech-enhancement-based-on-signal-subspace-and-random-ojfg9yc3.png Fig. 2. Speech enhancement based on signal subspace and random matrix theory (see text for more details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-eigenvalue-distribution-of-the-random-matrix-see-text-1ffoimnu.png Fig. 1. Eigenvalue distribution of the random matrix (see text for more details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-averaged-pesq-score-for-the-enhanced-speech-based-on-25b88s29.png Fig. 3. Averaged PESQ score for the enhanced speech based on signal subspace and random matrix methods (see text for more details). https://scispace.com/papers/nominalizing-the-verb-phrase-in-academic-science-writing-evbzrv4t3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-audience-and-purpose-of-written-registers-2bkjdorp.png Table 3. Audience and Purpose of Written Registers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-of-verb-types-in-science-research-articles-in-kgalhgx7.png Table 4. Number of verb types in science research articles in 1900 and 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-33-plate-20-is-a-field-diagram-for-a-hollow-square-20gvommm.png Fig. 33 (Plate 20) is a field diagram, for a hollow square cylinder ; the shielding effect is seen to be very powerful. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-corpus-composition-475hvu13.png Table 1. Overall corpus composition https://scispace.com/papers/non-convex-sweeping-processes-involving-maximal-monotone-1y02anzyvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-counter-example-for-the-prox-regular-case-17frvchd.png Figure 1. Counter-example for the prox-regular case. https://scispace.com/papers/non-hermitian-systems-of-euclidean-lie-algebraic-type-with-3jprsy0xi7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spontaneously-broken-energy-spectra-for-h-3-pt-5-as-1schtuxd.png Figure 3: Spontaneously broken energy spectra for H (3) PT 5 as a function of µ7 with fixed values µ3 = 1 and µ4 = 3 with even (red, solid) and odd (blue, dashed) eigenfunctions. The exceptional points are located at (µ7 = 4, E = −1) and (µ7 = 16, E = 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spontaneously-broken-energy-spectra-for-h-3-pt-5-as-16a209or.png Figure 2: Spontaneously broken energy spectra for H (3) PT 5 as a function of µ3 with fixed values µ4 = 1 and µ7 = 4 with even (green, short dashed) and odd (black, dotted) eigenfunctions for bosonic boundary conditions and as a function of µ4 with fixed values µ3 = 1 and µ7 = 4 with even (red, solid) and odd (blue, dashed) eigenfunctions for bosonic boundary conditions. The exceptional points are located at (µ3/4 = ±1, E = 3), (µ3 = ±3, E = 7) and (µ4 = ±3, E = −1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-entirely-real-energy-spectrum-for-the-non-hermitian-3ppt6ldb.png Figure 1: Entirely real energy spectrum for the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H (3) PT 5 as a function of µ4 with µ3 = 1/2 and µ7 = 0. The values for even (odd) eigenfunctions with bosonic and fermionic boundary conditions are displayed in the panels a and c (b and d), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spontaneously-broken-energy-spectra-for-the-1rlespfb.png Figure 6: Spontaneously broken energy spectra for the parameter choice (2.37) as a function of µ4 with even eigenfunctions for bosonic boundary conditions. The exceptional points are located at (µ4 = ±1.4687, E = 0.5205), (µ4 = ±16.47116, E = 6.8323) and (µ4 = ±47.80596, E = 20.1677). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-intensity-sum-i-th-pseven-th-2-psodd-th-2-pseven-0-1kzip0b8.png Figure 5: Intensity sum I(θ) = |ψeven(θ)|2+ |ψodd(θ)|2− |ψeven(0)|2 as a function of µ3 with fixed values µ4 = 1 and µ7 = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-intensities-for-a-merging-an-even-red-solid-and-odd-3bzurma5.png Figure 4: Intensities for a merging an even (red, solid) and odd (blue, dashed) wavefunction together with their sum (black, dotted) in the unbroken with µ3 = 0.8, µ4 = 1, µ7 = 4 and broken PT -regime with µ3 = 1.2, µ4 = 1, µ7 = 4, panel (a) and (b), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/non-hermitian-dynamics-in-the-quantum-zeno-limit-4sqh7383di 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-atoms-in-an-optical-lattice-are-probed-by-a-coherent-333tapqh.png FIG. 1. Atoms in an optical lattice are probed by a coherent light beam and the light scattered at a particular angle is enhanced and collected by a leaky cavity. The photons escaping the cavity are detected, perturbing the atomic evolution via measurement backaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trajectory-simulation-for-eight-atoms-in-eight-sites-2kotlcsm.png FIG. 3. Trajectory simulation for eight atoms in eight sites, initially in |1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1〉, with periodic boundary conditions and γ /J = 100. (a) Fluctuations in ĉ where the stochastic nature of the process is clearly visible on a single trajectory level. However, the general trend is captured by the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. (b) Local density variance. While the fluctuations in the global measurement operator decrease, the fluctuations in local density increase due to tunneling via states outside the Zeno subspace. (c) Momentum distribution. The initial Fock state has a flat distribution that with time approaches the steady-state distribution of two identical and symmetric distributions centered at k = π/2a and k = −π/2a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-populations-of-the-fock-states-in-the-zeno-subspace-23b8a5za.png FIG. 2. Populations of the Fock states in the Zeno subspace for γ /J = 100 and initial state |2,1,0〉. It is clear that quantum Zeno dynamics occurs via Raman-like processes even though none of these states are connected in Ĥ0. The dynamics occurs via virtual intermediate states outside the Zeno subspace. The system also tends to a steady state, which minimizes tunneling, effectively suppressing fluctuations. The lines are solutions to the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and the dots are points from a stochastic trajectory calculation. https://scispace.com/papers/non-linear-position-and-closed-loop-stiffness-control-for-a-2ft8o27df3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-geometric-parameters-of-the-birthsim-3s2qusef.png TABLE II: Geometric parameters of the BirthSIM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kinematic-scheme-of-the-birthsims-simplified-1f39r885.png Fig. 1: Kinematic scheme of the BirthSIM’s simplified architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-characteristics-of-the-cylinder-3536wrt4.png TABLE I: Main characteristics of the cylinder https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-results-2l85um0j.png Fig. 4: Simulation results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hardware-architecture-of-the-birthsim-1l9fqdoc.png Fig. 2: Hardware architecture of the BirthSIM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architecture-of-the-controller-3iqcyy9x.png Fig. 3: Architecture of the controller https://scispace.com/papers/non-local-sar-tomography-for-large-scale-urban-mapping-pxeor1ae4q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-quantitative-comparison-of-nine-test-ksynw9ej.png Table 2. Statistics of quantitative comparison of nine test structures. Relative height differences [m] compared with reference (LiDAR). T (TomoSar), D (DEM). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-tandem-x-acquisition-of-munich-2jiq8cdg.png Table 1. Parameters of Tandem-X Acquisition of Munich https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-visual-comparison-of-nl-tomosar-point-clouds-and-vn56r3gd.png Fig. 2. Visual comparison of NL-TomoSAR point clouds and TanDEM-X DEM, close-up 3-D view over the area of Munich central station. (a) TomoSAR point clouds. (b) TanDEM-X DEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-visual-comparison-of-nl-tomosar-point-clouds-and-32n9yzhx.png Fig. 1. Visual comparison of NL-TomoSAR point clouds and TanDEM-X DEM, close-up 3-D view over the area of European bureau of patent. (a) TomoSAR point clouds. (b) TanDEM-X DEM. https://scispace.com/papers/non-negative-intensity-for-planar-structures-under-436f5i127w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tbl-parameters-at-a-flow-speed-of-40-m-s-3p6rn8q2.png Table 2. TBL parameters at a flow speed of 40 m/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-maps-of-svv-spp-iact-and-i-n-for-the-panel-under-2q4x856q.png Figure 8: Maps of Svv, Spp, Iact and I N for the panel under ADF excitation at a flow velocity of U∞ = 40 m/s and at selected frequencies of (a) 177 Hz, (b) 307 Hz, (c) 630 Hz, (d) 691 Hz, (e) 700 Hz and (f) 924 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-the-nni-between-the-panel-under-adf-dw54k1r9.png Figure 9: Comparison of the NNI between the panel under ADF excitation (left column) and under TBL excitation (right column) over a large surface at z = 0 for selected frequencies of (a) 177 Hz, (b) 307 Hz, (c) 630 Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-lyamshev-reciprocity-principle-1gi1ft2g.png Figure 2: Illustration of the Lyamshev reciprocity principle for a baffled panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predicted-acoustic-power-of-the-panel-under-the-tbl-2pse2wd0.png Figure 5: Predicted acoustic power of the panel under the TBL and ADF excitations (dB ref. 1 × 10−12(W)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-radiation-efficiency-of-the-panel-under-the-tbl-and-1v0nkot8.png Figure 6: Radiation efficiency of the panel under the TBL and ADF excitations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maps-of-the-a-nni-sensitivity-functions-hn-x-k-o-2-2rix190r.png Figure 3: Maps of the (a) NNI sensitivity functions ∣∣∣H̃N (x,k, ω)∣∣∣2 (dB, ref. Pa−1m3s−2rad2), (b) CSD function of the wall pressure spectrum using the Mellen model φpp(k, ω) (dB, ref. 1 Pa 2m2s rad−2), and (c) result obtained by the product of (a) and (b) normalized by the maximum value at each frequency (dB, ref. 1 Wm2). The black dashed lines in (a) and (c) correspond to the panel flexural wavenumber; the white dashed-dot line in (b) and (c) corresponds to the convective wavenumber. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-baffled-panel-under-stochastic-excitation-3rd0mva3.png Figure 1: A baffled panel under stochastic excitation. https://scispace.com/papers/non-perturbative-renormalization-of-the-static-vector-1hlr9q34s0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-three-point-sf-correlator-2oah8l7z.png Figure 7: Three-point SF correlator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-continuum-approach-of-r-1-for-the-eh-upper-plots-2k79o51x.png Figure 4: Continuum approach of R(1) for the EH (upper plots) and APE (lower plots) actions. Plots refer to various SF topologies and θ angles. Plotted points correspond to L/a = 10, . . . , 32 for T = 2, 4 and L/a = 12, . . . , 32 for T = 1, 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-zstat-a-zstat-v-at-one-loop-order-for-the-eh-and-ape-gubew7cq.png Table 3: Zstat A /Zstat V at one-loop order for the EH and APE actions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-c-stat-1-v-for-the-eh-and-ape-actions-dn7dlt3n.png Table 2: c stat(1) V for the EH and APE actions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagrammatic-representation-of-the-sf-correlation-fgmd8z8l.png Figure 1: Diagrammatic representation of the SF correlation functions of eq. (3.13). A single (double) line describes the propagation of a light (static) quark. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simulation-parameters-used-for-the-non-perturbative-370mbstf.png Table 4: Simulation parameters used for the non-perturbative study of the improvement coefficients cstat https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-non-perturbative-determinations-of-bstat-v-for-3m5583lv.png Table 14: Non-perturbative determinations of ∆bstat V for various gauge couplings and static actions. Different choices of θ correspond to independent improvement conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continuum-approach-of-r-0-with-topology-t-2-2z9gpnmy.png Figure 2: Continuum approach of R(0) with topology T = 2. https://scispace.com/papers/non-parametric-maximum-likelihood-estimation-of-pulsed-3133szfr94 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-primary-user-pu-link-acts-as-a-hidden-node-to-the-3k7zo4fn.png Fig. 1. The primary user (PU) link acts as a “hidden node” to the secondary user (SU), where transmissions from the SU are unheard at the PU receiver. The task we consider is for the SU is to distinguish between channel noise and the pulsed interference generated by the PU, and to do this without requiring the SU to remain silent. https://scispace.com/papers/noncovalent-functionalization-of-a-nanofibrous-network-with-2x46pq5sy0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sem-image-of-electrospun-cdnf-b-a-macroscale-3iheprwf.png Fig. 1 (a) SEM image of electrospun CDNF. (b) A macroscale photographic image of CDNF. (c) Water-insoluble nature of CDNF. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-raman-spectra-of-cdnf-pmp-cdnf-and-pmp-cdnf-after-2a5sr1jv.png Fig. 4 (a) Raman spectra of CDNF, PMP–CDNF and PMP–CDNF after incubation with different metal solutions and mixture of the metal solutions. As amide I band at 1650 cm 1 and as –SH vibration at 510 and 2450 cm 1 was seen in PMP–CDNF. (b) Raman spectral image at 2934 cm 1 of 100 mm 100 mm scan area of CDNF. https://scispace.com/papers/nonequilibrium-phases-in-hybrid-arrays-with-flux-qubits-and-3s1ygwip5x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-transition-between-the-localized-and-slp0abpt.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Transition between the localized and delocalized phases in a qubit-coupled JC array. (a) Fluctuations of the number of excitations at a certain site var(Nj ) for a two-site setup (both sites j = 1,2 yield the same plot) as a function of the intersite coupling J and the qubit-ensemble detuning . The dark shaded region indicates that the system is in the localized phase, while the brighter areas are related to large fluctuations, i.e., the delocalized phase. The two side panels depict a horizontal cut along J = 0.1g and a vertical cut along = 2 × 10−2g (i.e., very close to qubit-oscillator resonance), respectively. There, the solid black curves depict var(Nj ) for the two-site setup as in the central panel. For comparison, we have included the fluctuation characteristics var(Nj ) for longer JC arrays with N = 3–5 sites in ascending order, where j denotes a central site of the array. (b) Comparison of QQ- and CC-coupled chains. In the latter, the transition occurs at lower detunings due to higher effective coupling of polaritons between adjacent sites. This can be seen in the lower plot: Changing the detuning affects both the effective repulsion δ, as well as the effective coupling Jeff . The transition occurs when δ and Jeff cross. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-schematic-of-a-single-flux-qubit-x1quxmhu.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Schematic of a single flux qubit coupled to a diamond crystal with NV centers embedded. (b) Energy diagram for the qubit with level splitting ωq and an NV center. By applying an external magnetic field, the level with spin projection m = ±1 becomes resonant with the upper qubit level. (c) The JC array with tunable qubit-qubit coupling. Here, adjacent qubits are connected via auxiliary tunable coupler qubits. Each of the qubits couples to spatially separated regions of the crystal. The coupler qubit does not couple to the spins because it is far detuned from the qubits and consequently from the NV spins as well. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-nonequilibrium-signature-of-the-phase-2um08nlc.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Nonequilibrium signature of the phase transition. (a) Time-averaged probability P̄2 to find two excitations in a single site. The coupling is assumed as g = 2π × 10 MHz, and the decay rates of qubits and oscillators are γq = 2π × 1 MHz and γc = 2π × 0.1 MHz, respectively. We choose the integration time as T = 5γ −1q . The dotted line marks the boundary (1/2 max{var(Nj )}) where the phase transition occurs in the equilibrium case of Fig. 2. (b) Time evolution of P2 in two exemplary points in the delocalized [dashed line in (b) and dashed cross in (a)] and localized phase [solid line in (b) and solid cross in (a)], respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/nonequilibrium-resonant-spectroscopy-of-molecular-vibrons-1tib1b4gpl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-spectral-function-at-different-24wbbo7x.png FIG. 2. Color online Spectral function at different electronvibron couplings: / 0=0.4 black , / 0=1.2 blue/dark gray, dashed , and / 0=2 red/gray ; at 0 / 0=5, L / 0= R / 0=0.1. In the inset, the spectral function at / 0=1.2 is shown at a finite voltage when the level is partially filled. Energies are in units of 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-differential-conductance-of-an-asymmetric-junction-0-r-10uezc14.png FIG. 4. Differential conductance of an asymmetric junction =0, R=20 L at different molecule-to-lead couplings, from R / 0=0.2 lower curve to R / 0=4 upper curve , / 0=2 and 0 / 0=5. The voltage is in units of 0 /e. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-differential-conductance-at-different-2cvb8x20.png FIG. 5. Color online Differential conductance at different molecule-to-STM couplings see the text —from asymmetric junction with L / 0=0.025, R / 0=0.5, and =0.2 lower curve, blue/ dark gray thick line to symmetric junction with L / 0= R / 0 =0.5, and =0.5 upper curve, red/gray thick line — / 0=1 and 0 / 0=2. Voltage is in units of 0 /e. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-differential-conductance-of-a-symmetric-junction-0-5-r-1owzlz9a.png FIG. 3. Differential conductance of a symmetric junction =0.5, R= L at different molecule-to-lead couplings, from L / 0 =0.1 lower curve to L / 0=10 upper curve , / 0=1 and 0 / 0=2. Voltage is in units of 0 /e. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-picture-of-the-considered-j2b2pwcv.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic picture of the considered electron-vibron single-level model, coupled to the left and right leads. https://scispace.com/papers/noninvasive-gene-electrotransfer-in-skin-2a5teg3olf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualization-of-the-injection-point-mice-were-1ubtj6j7.png Figure 1: Visualization of the injection point. Mice were injected i.d. in two sites with 25µl of a 1mg/ml DNA plasmid solution. A bleb on the skin is present at each injection site https://scispace.com/papers/noninvasive-high-intensity-focused-ultrasound-treatment-of-46g1q3s9fv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-diagram-of-side-view-of-equipment-setup-and-hifu-2y2th051.png Figure 5: Diagram of side view of equipment setup and HIFU exposure placement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-macroscopic-and-microscopic-results-of-hifu-exposures-65ghxlc1.png Fig. 2. Macroscopic and microscopic results of HIFU exposures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-doppler-and-b-mode-ultrasound-imaging-of-22ryhk5t.png Fig. 1. Color Doppler and B-Mode ultrasound imaging of placental vascular ablation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-maternal-cardiovascular-responses-to-hifu-or-sham-2dlm4p27.png Figure 3: Maternal cardiovascular responses to HIFU or sham placental vascular ablation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maternal-arterial-acid-base-and-metabolic-status-39qh81oz.png Table 1: Maternal arterial acid base and metabolic status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fetal-cardiovascular-responses-to-hifu-or-sham-14hbgwzc.png Figure 4: Fetal cardiovascular responses to HIFU or sham placental vascular ablation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fetal-substrate-delivery-24g2pfet.png Table 3: Fetal substrate delivery https://scispace.com/papers/noninvasive-evaluation-of-nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor-3pkmg2xblt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-e-3idu3bsl.png Figure 3. E https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-c-density-det-301ebuz7.png Figure 2. C density det https://scispace.com/papers/noninvasive-monitoring-of-dnapl-migration-through-a-y9evxk5zzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-geometric-factors-for-the-dipole-dipole-array-jq81t4ms.png Table 2. The geometric factors for the dipole-dipole array for a cylindrical geometry. The apparent resistivity values were produced from a test with tap water. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fluid-properties-1vvfu1zn.png Table 1. Fluid properties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-clean-porous-media-resistivity-as-a-function-of-2lnm72h5.png Table 3. Clean porous media resistivity as a function of DNAPL saturation. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-dynamics-of-shape-memory-alloys-actuated-bistable-2kqw8sbg98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-bifurcation-diagram-for-the-updated-model-29gd9j81.png Figure 11. Bifurcation diagram for the updated model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-photograph-of-the-buckled-beam-a-first-stable-3ok54qpq.png Figure 12. Photograph of the buckled beam. (a) First stable configuration. (b) Second stable configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effective-energy-for-the-spring-mass-model-with-2xtjw70b.png Figure 4. Effective energy for the spring-mass model with unitary length and unitary mass ( 0.1). (a) 1, 1. (b) 1, 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3d-energy-plot-for-the-spring-mass-model-with-321axmmr.png Figure 5. 3D energy plot for the spring-mass model with unitary length and unitary mass. (a) 1, 1. (b) 1, 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-sma-materials-properties-3jtqu5d8.png Table 1. Selected SMA materials properties. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-bistable-beam-free-vibration-response-at-nt0y68fz.png Figure 16. The bistable beam free vibration response at different temperatures. (a) Model without SMA wires. (b) 40℃. (c) 60 . (d) 90 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-experimental-diagram-for-actuating-bistable-beam-a-aqazz6e2.png Figure 15. Experimental diagram for actuating bistable beam. (a) Force-time curve with 3 switching cycles. (b) Displacement-time curve in one switching process. (c) Comparison between simulation results and experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-measured-dsc-curves-of-sma-wires-pk82x7lk.png Figure 10. Measured DSC curves of SMA wires. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-effects-in-propagation-of-long-range-surface-10hin0ql1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-nonlinear-power-transmission-of-plasmonic-t87987tn.png Figure 4. Nonlinear power transmission of plasmonic waveguides with different gold layer thicknesses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-spm-broadening-of-the-gaussian-pulse-at-1064-nm-3079q0tj.png Figure 8. SPM broadening of the Gaussian pulse at 1064 nm, using t = 22 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-input-pulse-spectrum-and-output-pulse-spectra-for-140bwbpm.png Figure 5. (a) Input pulse spectrum, and output pulse spectra for plasmonic waveguides at the maximum input power (~ 480 mW) with the gold layer thickness (b) t = 22 nm, (c) t = 27 nm, and (d) t = 35 nm. Dashed lines show a Gaussian fit to the measured spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-afm-measurement-of-the-gold-layers-roughness-and-22dyk7qq.png Figure 1. (a) AFM measurement of the gold layers roughness and (b) SEM image of the gold surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-third-order-susceptibility-of-gold-layers-with-2rf7lctf.png Table 3. Third-order susceptibility of gold layers with different thicknesses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-real-part-and-b-imaginary-part-of-the-third-order-1r21q32d.png Figure 6. (a) Real part and (b) imaginary part of the third-order susceptibility for gold layers with different thicknesses. Blue curves show the nonlinear curve fit to experimental data, the black lines mark the third-order susceptibility for bulk gold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setup-for-nonlinear-optical-o74kb3tu.png Figure 2. Experimental setup for nonlinear optical characterization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-normalized-group-velocity-and-b-dispersion-length-3087tx9s.png Figure 7. (a) Normalized group velocity and (b) dispersion length vs. wavelength. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-effects-in-wave-scattering-and-generation-4mimopru1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-solutions-of-the-forced-kdv-equation-1-1-up3m22oa.png Figure 1: Typical solutions of the forced KdV equation (1.1) for (a) = 0, (b) < 0 and (c) > 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-solutions-of-the-forced-kdv-equation-1-1-1iqym258.png Figure 2: Typical solutions of the forced KdV equation (1.1) for the case of a solitary wave incident on an obstacle; (a) a trapping regime when fM < 0, a repulsion regime when fM > 0. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-laser-amplifier-with-a-suppressed-level-of-quantum-2mchsnb85d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-dependences-of-the-nonlinear-refractive-3l29f5s1.png Fig. 2. Frequency dependences of the nonlinear refractive index n2 (solid line) and nonlinear absorption coefˇcient α2 (dashed line) for the 23Na condensate upon the Λ-interaction with external optical ˇelds. The condensate parameters are N = 3.3 · 1012 cm−3, γopt/2π = 10.2 MHz, γmag/2π = 38.2 kHz. The intensity of a transparency pulse is equal to Ic = 55 mW/cm2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-dependences-for-quadrature-dispersions-s2p-solid-3412xwii.png Fig. 4. Time dependences for quadrature dispersions σ2P (solid line) and σ 2 Q (dashed line). Value σ2Q,P = 1 corresponds to coherent noise level at the input. The parameters of the system correspond to nonlinear regime https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-l-scheme-of-interaction-for-23na-atomic-energy-levels-397uvju2.png Fig. 1. Λ-scheme of interaction for 23Na atomic energy levels https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-dependences-of-the-group-velocity-dispersion-15h2bkvn.png Fig. 3. Frequency dependences of the group velocity dispersion k2 for the probe pulse in 23Na condensate upon the Λ-interaction with external optical ˇelds. The parameters of the system are the same as for Fig. 2. The intensity of a probe pulse is equal to Ip = 5.5 mW/cm2 https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-microwave-simulation-techniques-20nbtuii97 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nltl-based-rotary-travelling-wave-oscillator-25-at-fo-1bpj83al.png Fig. 4. NLTL-based rotary-travelling wave oscillator [25] at fo = 700 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-self-oscillating-power-amplifier-with-an-oscillation-3s2xa2vh.png Fig. 8 Self-oscillating power amplifier with an oscillation at fo = 750 MHz and an input signal at fin= 200 MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-oscillator-at-5-7-ghz-with-an-input-pulse-at-100-mhz-3nht53gg.png Fig. 1. Oscillator at 5.7 GHz with an input pulse at 100 MHz [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-analysis-of-the-rtwo-a-simulated-waveforms-of-the-1o3ni36c.png Fig. 5. Analysis of the RTWO. (a) Simulated waveforms of the stable multiphase mode. (b) Measured waveforms. (c) Multiphase (stable) and in-phase (unstable) mode. (d) Oscillation frequency vs. the drain bias voltage. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-modeling-and-control-design-of-active-helicopter-2nv3uffilm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-blade-energyt-u-21hbb1gr.png Fig. 7 Blade energyT + U . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-steady-state-solution-forv-f-andm-3dt8wffd.png Fig. 4 Steady state solution forV , Ω, F andM . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-natural-modes-of-helicopter-blade-4s689rk6.png Fig. 5 Natural modes of helicopter blade. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energies-in-the-active-helicopter-blade-36ol8qvn.png Table 1. Energies in the active helicopter blade. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-simulation-results-forg-0-k-0-v-l-and-l-2fyem0to.png Fig. 8 Simulation results forγ(0), κ(0), V (L) andΩ(L). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-a-beam-undergoing-finite-deformation-and-2tmy7jbx.png Fig. 1 Schematic of a beam undergoing finite deformation and cross-sectional warping. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-natural-frequencies-of-aeroelastic-and-structural-1fnk8pj3.png Table 5. Natural frequencies of aeroelastic and structural models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-of-the-helicopter-blade-nqtkaf2d.png Table 4. Parameters of the helicopter blade. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-statistical-attribution-and-detection-of-3yjzikhqf2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-probability-p-90-for-an-anthropogenic-induced-climate-2xspxekx.png Fig. 8. Probability P 90% for an anthropogenic induced climate change https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-standard-deviation-of-the-residuals-on-the-arearelated-3tkmlyl2.png Fig. 9. Standard deviation of the residuals on the arearelated scale https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-autocorrelation-function-solid-with-corresponding-95-18qb1liz.png Fig. 6. Autocorrelation function (solid) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (dashed) of the residuals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-residual-and-obtained-natural-signal-of-the-global-cm-ttyyjs8x.png Fig. 7. Residual and obtained natural signal of the global CM-FSA simulation (solid), GHG-signal (dashed), SU-signal (dashed-dotted) and combined anthropogenic signal GHGþ SU (thick solid). Also shown are the 95%, 99% and 99.9% significance levels (dotted) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-model-configuration-used-28prqtat.png Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the model configuration used. Weights within the input layer drawn solid, within the processing layer dashed and weights from processing to output layer drawn dotted. The number of processing units shown does not reflect the number of processing units for our simulations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-explained-variance-vs-pc-number-the-explained-23fzbzai.png Fig. 4. Relative explained variance vs. PC number. The explained variance flattens after PC4. The first four PC’s explain well over 50% total variance of the original data field https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-the-global-cm-simulation-dashed-and-the-c2a6lh6g.png Fig. 5. Results of the global CM simulation (dashed) and the corresponding GHG-signal (short-dashed), SU-signal (dashed-dotted) and the combined anthropogenic signal (dotted). Also shown are observed global temperature anomalies (solid) provided by (Jones et al., 1994), (Jones, 1999a) respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-forcing-mechanisms-used-in-our-simulations-units-are-2noa1kbh.png Fig. 3. Forcing mechanisms used in our simulations. Units are: GHG forcing, CO2 equivalent concentrations [ppm]¼ parts per million by volume (Houghton et al., 2001); SO2 forcing data from (Charlson et al., 1992) [mg=m2]; ENSO forcing, normalized pressure anomalies [hPa] data from (Staeger, 1998) based on (Jones, 1999b); heating rate anomalies [W=m2] due to explosive volcanism provided by (Grieser and Sch€onwiese, 1998) and solar forcing [W=m2] (Lean et al., 1995), (Lean and Rind, 1999) https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-spin-control-by-terahertz-driven-anisotropy-fields-36dn63n4sa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nonlinear-terahertz-magnon-interaction-a-normalized-2vopql8r.png Figure 3 | Nonlinear terahertz-magnon interaction. a, Normalized magnon traces for various terahertz excitation fields BTHz. Whereas quasimonochromatic oscillations are found for the lowest terahertz field, a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-experiment-a-electro-optically-wyvkdem5.png Figure 2 | Overview of the experiment. a, Electro-optically detected terahertz transients used to excite magnon/Tm3+ resonances in TmFeO3. b, Amplitude spectrum of the waveform shown in a. Arrows indicate the frequencies of the magnon/Tm3+ resonances. c, Schematic of the experiment. The terahertz pump (red) and near-infrared probe pulses (NIR, blue) are collinearly focused onto the TmFeO3 sample with variable delay time t. Using a λ/2 plate, a Wollaston prism and two balanced photodiodes, terahertz-induced magnetic dynamics in TmFeO3 are measured by polarization rotation of the probe pulses. d, Resonance frequencies of the q-FM (red circles) and q-AFM (blue triangles) modes in dependence on sample temperature T. Black curves are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-structures-spectral-features-and-correlations-in-a-18qsfxybrs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-mean-fourier-mode-associated-with-bbhsx82l.png FIG. 4. Evolution of mean Fourier mode associated with selective decay rates. Dashed and solid curves are kin= in /Ein and kni= ni /Eni rates for IN and NI turbulence, respectively. Decay rates are stronger in NI turbulence than in IN hydrodynamics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ratio-of-kinetic-energies-of-incompressible-and-21os3qdv.png FIG. 3. The ratio of kinetic energies of incompressible and weakly compressible fluid, i.e., EIN/ENI. The ratio shows a finite value at long times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-coherent-structure-formation-corresponding-to-i9jlzmqt.png FIG. 2. Color Coherent structure formation corresponding to the y component of the NI fluid velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-energy-associated-with-temperature-and-density-3npdz1nk.png FIG. 8. Energy associated with temperature and density fluctuations in NI turbulence are shown, respectively, in a and b . Shown here are solid Pr=102 , dashed Pr=103 , and dashed-dot Pr=104 curves. The decay rates depends critically upon the Prandtl number Pr. The density and the temperature fluctuations are clearly anticorrelated in agreement with the prediction of Ref. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-density-power-spectrum-k-2-is-plotted-as-a-function-of-1rx2rcvo.png FIG. 6. Density power spectrum k 2 is plotted as a function of k along the horizontal x axis from a decaying NI hydrodynamics simulation. The incompressible velocity fluctuations E follow a Kolmogorov spectrum close to k−3 with an error ±0.08 in a forward or enstrophy cascade regime of decaying turbulence. The density fluctuations are passively convected by the incompressible velocity fluctuations and exhibit nearly the same spectrum. The intermediate curve represents the temperature spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-driven-turbulence-ni-hydrodynamic-simulation-yields-io6mdiej.png FIG. 7. A driven turbulence NI hydrodynamic simulation yields a Kolmogorov-type spectrum close to k−5/3 with an error ±0.1 in the inverse or energy cascade regime for incompressible velocity fluctuations left . Turbulence is driven by a random forcing in space and time. The compressible density fluctuations right follow the incompressible velocity spectrum closely in the inertial regime of turbulence. In the right panel, the temperature spectrum is shown below the density spectrum. The horizontal x axis represents the modes k. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-comparison-of-analytic-and-numerical-1x6aag6v.png FIG. 5. Color online Comparison of analytic and numerical results of the vortex amplitude distribution in space. Shown is a 1D cut along the vorticity distribution. Clearly, the analytic and numerical solutions show excellent agreement. https://scispace.com/papers/nonlinear-targeted-energy-transfer-of-two-coupled-cantilever-29ggobrziu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sketch-of-the-bsa-geometry-3p7qdpi4.png Figure 3: Sketch of the BSA geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-surface-plot-of-beam-1-displacement-frequency-3nb45oz7.png Figure 6: Surface plot of beam 1 displacement frequency response around the first mode. Left: measurement, right: model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-measured-bsa-response-a-density-plot-the-black-373d4023.png Figure 24: Measured BSA response. (a): density plot, the black oval represents the point of interest, (b): displacement spectrum, (c): phase plot, the black circle shows the equilibrium point, (d): displacement time recording. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-typical-measured-system-response-around-the-linear-3lme5ggi.png Figure 11: Typical measured system response around the linear system first mode at an excitation frequency fex ≈ 22.15 Hz and amplitude Aex ≈ 0.39 V. (a): density plot, the black oval represents the point of interest, (b): phase plot, the black circle shows the equilibrium point,(c): BSA displacement spectrum, (d): beam 1 displacement spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computation-of-the-first-lyapunov-exponent-for-the-1orsj1df.png Table 1: Computation of the first Lyapunov exponent for the experimental (Fig.11, 12, 14 and 15) and numerical data (Fig. 16 ). qe: BSA displacement, vr: BSA velocity, ue1: beam 1 displacement, ue2: beam 2 displacement. τ : estimated embedding delay, m: estimated embedding dimension, κ: measure for determinism, λ1: First Lyapunov exponent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-calculated-ridge-curve-of-beam-1-displacement-1pf5k66d.png Figure 18: Calculated ridge curve of beam 1 displacement frequency response around the first mode for different BSA damping. Left: viscous damping µ = 0.35 kg/s, right: viscous damping µ = 0.50 kg/s. The straight line corresponds to the ridge curve for the linear BSA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-measured-bsa-response-a-density-plot-the-black-2oxpjzd7.png Figure 28: Measured BSA response. (a): density plot, the black oval represents the point of interest, (b): displacement spectrum, (c): phase plot, the black circles show the equilibrium points, (d): displacement time recording. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-computed-bsa-response-a-density-plot-the-black-2lm9577g.png Figure 27: Computed BSA response.(a): density plot, the black oval represents the point of interest, (b): displacement spectrum, (c): phase plot, the black circles show the equilibrium points, (d): displacement time recording. https://scispace.com/papers/nonmodular-architectures-of-cognitive-systems-based-on-4yo3yo8eok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-double-integrator-solved-using-active-inference-a1-2g0xy4wr.png Fig. 5: The double integrator solved using active inference (α1 = exp (2), α2 = exp (1)). Same layout as Fig. 2. (a) Five examples with different initial conditions showing in blue the observed trajectories of different blocks in the phase-space and in red the agent’s estimates of the same trajectories. (b) Actions taken by the five agents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-generative-model-to-implement-the-regulation-of-1ezm7ur3.png Fig. 4: The generative model. To implement the regulation of position and velocity, the agent implements a model whereby an imaginary spring pulls the block back to the origin (x = 0) while an imaginary damper slows it down (x′ = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-double-integrator-solved-using-lqg-a-five-examples-1n5fnhdb.png Fig. 3: The double integrator solved using LQG. (a) Five examples with different initial conditions showing in blue the observed trajectories of different blocks in the phase-space and in red the agent’s estimates of the same trajectories. (b) Actions taken by the five agents after an external force is introduced (black line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-generative-process-a-double-integrator-the-double-qaa8sigw.png Fig. 1: The generative process, a double integrator. The double integrator models the motion of a system with a single degree of freedom, corresponding to a block of mass=1kg placed on a surface with no friction. The block is initialised at a random position with a random velocity and needs to stop, x′ = 0, at position x = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-double-integrator-solved-using-lqg-a-five-examples-6244pj8t.png Fig. 2: The double integrator solved using LQG. (a) Five examples with different initial conditions showing in blue the observed trajectories of different blocks in the phase-space and in red the agent’s estimates of the same trajectories. (b) Actions taken by the five agents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-double-integrator-solved-using-active-inference-a1-179g74kd.png Fig. 6: The double integrator solved using active inference (α1 = exp (2), α2 = exp (1)). Same layout as Fig. 2. (a) Five examples with different initial conditions showing in blue the observed trajectories of different blocks in the phase-space and in red the agent’s estimates of the same trajectories. (b) Actions taken by the five agents after an external force is introduced (black line). https://scispace.com/papers/nonlocal-description-of-the-nucleus-nucleus-interaction-jiwqver1be 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-same-as-fig-1-for-the-systems12c-1-208pb-and-a-1-1bl9140u.png FIG. 2. The same as Fig. 1 for the systems12C 1 208Pb and a 1 12C, 58Ni. The data are from Refs. [4,24–26]. Note th changes in the scales of both axes. https://scispace.com/papers/nonmonotonic-incommensurability-effects-in-lamellar-in-xqkp7gxmp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-dependence-of-the-dimensionless-lamellar-23rf65kt.png FIG. 5. The -dependence of the dimensionless lamellar morphology period D for various integer values of the relative tail length m at n=6 ̃= N . The solid curves zero and one correspond to the periods of the simple multiblock structures with m=0 and m=1 or n=7 and m=0 ; the dashed line two corresponds to m=2. For the large-scale curves the lines are also labeled by the corresponding values of m. The curves six and eight are dashed to distinguish them from the close solid curves five and seven. The morphologies corresponding to m=5 and m=6 have two extra bilayers per period as compared to m=3, 4, 7, and 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-profiles-of-the-total-volume-fraction-of-a-39f8et15.png FIG. 6. The profiles of the total volume fraction of A monomers A x solid as well as the volume fractions ̃B x of the tails B dotted and C x of the middle-block monomers dashed defined by Eqs. 12 and 13 , respectively, for the case n=6 and m=4 at various degrees of segregation. a ̃= N=5; b ̃=10; c ̃=15; and d ̃=20. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-parameters-of-the-lamellar-in-lamellar-3tzc0107.png TABLE I. The parameters of the lamellar-in-lamellar morphology n=6, ̃=17 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-cartoons-of-the-ll-self-assembled-state-of-amn-2-48am1r8v.png FIG. 8. Color Cartoons of the LL self-assembled state of AmN/2 BN/2AN/2 6BmN/2. Left: this situation corresponds to the case where the end blocks A and B are together five times m=5 larger than the A and B blocks of the symmetric B-b-A blocks that form the middle multiblock. Right: here end blocks are eight times larger m=8 ; however, the overall long period is smaller due to the formation of two rather than four internal layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-profiles-of-the-total-volume-fraction-of-a-110l28ah.png FIG. 7. The profiles of the total volume fraction of A monomers A x , where the coordinate x along the axis normal to the layer plane is measured in units RG di for n=6 at ̃=17 and a m=0, b m=1, c m=2, d m=3, e m=4, f m=5, g m=6, h m=7, and i m=8. In g the definitions of the quantities D, L, and d introduced in Table I are visualized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-schematic-illustration-of-the-minimal-and-18e7uefh.png FIG. 1. Color Schematic illustration of the minimal and maximal numbers of internal layers for different multiblock copolymer systems. Top: C-b- B-b-A n-b-B-b-C; middle: A-b- B-b-A n-b-B-b-A; and bottom: A-b- B-b-A n-b-B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-top-cartoon-of-amn-2-bn-2an-2-nbmn-2-multiblock-1t1gvovs.png FIG. 2. Color Top: cartoon of AmN/2 BN/2AN/2 nBmN/2 multiblock copolymer; middle: parameter definition; and bottom: middle multiblock acts as a gray C-block characterized by an average incompatibility with respect to both the “white” end block and the “black” end block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-phase-diagram-of-the-multiblock-copolymer-melt-1kk9esv0.png FIG. 3. The phase diagram of the multiblock copolymer melt under consideration. The solid line is calculated within the WST approach and delineates the regions of stability of the lamellar and different cubic morphologies Ref. 24 . The open circles correspond to the values of the structural parameters n ,m for which the SCFT calculations are carried out. Letters L and S label the regions corresponding to the lamellar structures with large and small length scales, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/nonparametric-covariate-hypothesis-tests-for-the-cure-rate-1mrefcoibl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-size-top-and-power-bottom-of-the-test-for-case-2-25114zwg.png TABLE 4 Size (top) and power (bottom) of the test for Case 2 with X and Z continuous with distribution U (−20, 20), under the null and the alternative hypotheses, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nonparametric-estimation-of-the-cure-probability-2xrte8i0.png FIGURE 3 Nonparametric estimation of the cure probability depending on the age for the patients in every stage separately, computed with the bootstrap bandwidth (solid line) and with a smoothed bootstrap bandwidth (dashed line). The thin solid line represents the Parzen-Rosenblatt kernel density estimation of the covariate age, using Sheather and Jones’ plug-in bandwidth. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-size-top-and-power-bottom-of-the-test-for-case-1-11bb3iv1.png TABLE 1 Size (top) and power (bottom) of the test for Case 1 with Z continuous with distribution U (−20, 20) under the null and the alternative hypotheses, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-size-top-and-power-bottom-of-the-test-for-case-1-2xc12oaz.png TABLE 3 Size (top) and power (bottom) of the test for Case 1 with Z qualitative with values {b1, b2, b3} and pmf Πz = ( Πz(b1),Πz(b2),Πz(b3) ) under the null and the alternative hypotheses, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-panel-nonparametric-estimation-of-the-cure-3vrj6apm.png FIGURE 2 Left panel: Nonparametric estimation of the cure probability depending on the age for patients in Stages 1 − 3 computed with the bootstrap bandwidth (solid line) and with a smoothed bootstrap bandwidth (dashed line). The thin solid line represents the Parzen-Rosenblatt kernel density estimation of the covariate age, using Sheather and Jones’ plug-in bandwidth. Right panel: Estimated KM survival curves for age groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-survival-function-estimation-for-the-colorectal-1gx0rtgo.png FIGURE 1 Survival function estimation for the colorectal cancer dataset computed with the Kaplan-Meier estimator. The black crosses correspond to censored observations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-size-top-and-power-bottom-of-the-test-for-case-2-mb60xasv.png TABLE 6 Size (top) and power (bottom) of the test for Case 2 with X and Z discrete, with values {a1, a2, a3} and {b1, b2, b3}, under the null and the alternative hypotheses, respectively. The probability mass function of Z equals that of X. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-scenario-for-case-2-whenx-andz-are-discrete-with-30vgdg1n.png TABLE 5 Scenario for Case 2 whenX andZ are discrete with values {a1, a2, a3} and {b1, b2, b3}, respectively. The probability mass function, for both X and Z, is (1∕3, 1∕3, 1∕3). The uncure probabilities, p(ai, bj), i, j = 1, 2, 3, are obtained evaluating p() in Equation (10) in (ai, bj), i, j = 1, 2, 3. https://scispace.com/papers/nonparametric-estimation-of-a-quantile-density-function-by-1sxhnkcx45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mise-for-different-estimators-based-on-500-1ar5i5al.png Table 1: MISE for different estimators based on 500 replications https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mses-standard-deviation-based-on-500-replications-3ipvsv4c.png Table 4 MSEs (Standard Deviation) based on 500 replications and n=200, GLD(0,7,7,7) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimation-of-quantile-density-the-black-curve-is-1zlz00rn.png Figure 3: Estimation of quantile density. The black curve is the true Beta (0.5,0.5), the blue dotted line is linear wavelet estimator, ĝL(x), the red dashed dot line is threshold wavelet estimator, ĝH(x), the green dashed line is smooth version of our estimator, ĝLS(x), the yellow line with circles is Jones’ estimator, ĝj1(x), and the magenta line with crosses is ĝS(x). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimation-of-quantile-density-the-black-curve-is-52aakn0h.png Figure 2: Estimation of quantile density. The black curve is the true GLD, the blue dotted line is linear wavelet estimator, ĝL(x), the red dashed dot line is threshold wavelet estimator, ĝH(x), the green dashed line is smooth version of our estimator, ĝLS(x), the yellow line with circles is Jones’ estimator, ĝj1(x), and the magenta line with crosses is ĝS(x). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mses-standard-deviation-based-on-500-replications-k1wsfugz.png Table 3 MSEs (Standard Deviation) based on 500 replications and n=200, Beta(0.5,0.5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimation-of-quantile-density-the-black-curve-is-1a7hbwcr.png Figure 1: Estimation of quantile density. The black curve is the true GLD, the blue dotted line is linear wavelet estimator, ĝL(x), the red dashed dot line is threshold wavelet estimator, ĝH(x), the green dashed line is smooth version of our estimator, ĝLS(x), the yellow line with circles is Jones’ estimator, ĝj1(x), and the magenta line with crosses is ĝS(x). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mses-standard-deviation-based-on-500-replications-1e3k233s.png Table 2 MSEs (Standard Deviation) based on 500 replications and n=200, GLD(0.5,1,2,6) https://scispace.com/papers/nonparametric-localized-bandwidth-selection-for-kernel-4s8gapl180 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ase-of-kernel-density-estimates-using-different-fftst6bt.png Table 2: ASE of kernel density estimates using different localized and global bandwidths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-density-estimates-of-eurodollar-daily-deposit-rates-2s37tzvg.png Figure 3: Density estimates of Eurodollar daily deposit rates with maturities of 1, 3 and 6 months: (1) 1–month maturity; (2) 3–month maturity; and (3) 6–month maturity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-density-estimates-of-the-one-day-ahead-out-of-5e2xxnnf.png Figure 5: Density estimates of the one–day–ahead out–of–sample S&P 500 daily return. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bias-standard-deviation-and-mse-of-nlb-estimates-1do6fmmu.png Table 1: Bias, standard deviation and MSE of NLB estimates with random samples generated from four different data generating processes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-out-of-sample-average-logarithmic-scores-of-density-287x9d8n.png Table 4: Out–of–sample average logarithmic scores of density estimates with bandwidths estimation through four different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-presents-the-average-logarithmic-scores-derived-2xkjgn2v.png Table 4: Out–of–sample average logarithmic scores of density estimates with bandwidths estimation through four different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-summary-of-rolling-sample-facts-1dpfhxpn.png Table 3: A summary of rolling sample facts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-eurodollar-daily-deposit-rates-with-maturities-of-1-oea7vt6m.png Figure 2: Eurodollar daily deposit rates with maturities of 1, 3 and 6 months: (1) 1–month maturity; (2) 3–month maturity; and (3) 6–month maturity. https://scispace.com/papers/nonparametric-inference-of-jump-autocorrelation-4ms0b6xemf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-power-of-l-3-test-for-different-sample-sizes-under-20fz7z19.png Figure 3: Power of L (3) test for different sample sizes under (a) DGP 1 (infinite-activity jumps) with fixed T =1; and under (b) DGP 2 (finite-activity jumps) with fixed Δ=1/252. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-empirical-distribution-of-studentized-l-3-statistic-pmg9rusm.png Figure 2: Empirical distribution of studentized L (3) statistic in the absence of jump autocorrelation under DGP1 (infinite-activity jumps) with (a) T =50, Δ=1/252; and (b) T =1, Δ=1/23400. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-sizes-of-l-k-bly-and-css-tests-qf0zmn1j.png Table 1: Empirical sizes of L (k ), BLY and CSS tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-autocorrelogram-of-filtered-series-log-returns-1nhpf7k3.png Figure 6: autocorrelogram of filtered series, log-returns, filtered series g n ,3,i , and spot intensity of selected stocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inference-on-autocorrelation-of-jump-occurrences-on-16eokg30.png Table 2: Inference on autocorrelation of jump occurrences on sampled stocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-admissible-values-of-n-x-for-different-jump-1xuz5bey.png Figure 1: Admissible values of (ν ,ξ ) for different jump activity levels β: (a) β = 0; (b) β = 1; (c) β = 1.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-of-l-3-and-css-tests-under-dgp-2-finite-1s2crv53.png Figure 5: Power of L (3) and CSS tests under DGP 2 (finite-activity jumps), with mean jump size equal to (a) µ J = - 0.03 and (b) µ J = -0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-power-of-l-3-and-bly-tests-under-dgp-1-infinite-25vkwtsk.png Figure 4: Power of L (3) and BLY tests under DGP 1 (infinite-activity jumps) with (a) exponentially decaying and (b) periodic kernel for λ t . https://scispace.com/papers/nonparametric-regression-on-a-graph-53wa3sjwdg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-errors-standard-deviations-at-different-4qewjmar.png Table 3: Test errors (standard deviations) at different probabilities of missingness for three classification methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-graphical-structure-present-in-a-s8q710eh.png Figure 1: Example of a graphical structure present in a regression situation. The noisy image (left) shows a suitable graph for regression, based on the 4-neighborhood. On the noiseless version (right) only the edges in the active set are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-measurements-for-estimates-of-the-image-1on2vpet.png Table 1: Performance measurements for estimates of the image in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-msex-10-3-for-different-estimators-evaluated-for-l1uvxyh6.png Table 2: MSE× 10−3 for different estimators, evaluated for four functions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimates-for-one-simulation-the-original-functions-1t9osxm4.png Figure 3: Estimates for one simulation. The original functions (top left) are shown compared with the estimate obtained by minimising Q(f) (top right). The kernel estimate (bottom left) and estimate with L2 roughness penalty (bottom right) have bandwidth and smoothing parameters that minimize MSE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-noisy-top-left-and-denoised-versions-of-the-signal-30tcz53r.png Figure 2: Noisy (top left) and denoised versions of the signal image (top right) of Polzehl and Spokoiny (2000). The estimates shown are the minimizer of Q(f) (top center), wavelet thresholding (bottom left), kernel smoothing (bottom center) and adaptive weights smoothing (bottom right). https://scispace.com/papers/nonsphericalized-free-volumes-for-hole-theories-of-liquids-5ai79suprk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-computed-values-of-jew-for-q-1-56-and-different-38bpxe01.png TABLE II. Computed values of jew) for q*= 1.56 and different curve fittings given by Eqs. (8), (9), and (10) in the text. When two calculated values are given for the same w, they correspond to different (extreme) configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-computed-values-of-jew-for-q-1-185-and-different-3gdkgxg7.png TABLE I. Computed values of jew) for q*= 1.185 and different curve fittings given by Eqs. (8), (9), and (10) in the text. When two calculated values are given for the same w, they correspond to different (extreme) configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pvolkt-vs-vivo-t-1-25-holes-calculated-using-eq-10-1qvv1aah.png FIG. 2. pvolkT vs vivo. T*= 1.25. "holes," calculated using Eq. (10); "cells," unsphericalized cell theory9; "sph. cells," sphericalized cell theorylO; "exp," experimental results." https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-jew-vs-w-vertical-lines-are-esti-mated-errors-the-eo6tyxwo.png FIG. 1. jew) vs w. ~ Vertical lines are esti- ~ mated errors. The·..., curves are fitted by Eq. (10) in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-computed-values-of-jew-for-q-2-52-and-different-385kotiq.png TABLE IV. Computed values of jew) for q*=2.52 and different curve fittings given by Eqs. (8), (9), and (10) in the text. When two calculated values are given for the same w they correspond to different (extreme) configurations. ' https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-computed-values-of-jew-for-q-2-and-different-curve-3qeybs0d.png TABLE III. Computed values of jew) for q*=2 and different curve fittings given by Eqs. (8), (9), and (10) in the text. When two calculated values are given for the same w, they correspond to different (extreme) configurations. https://scispace.com/papers/normalization-of-complex-mode-shapes-by-truncation-of-alpha-1bnsghfh0e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-15-dof-cmif-3fo7pxlp.png Figure 5.3: 15 DOF CMIF https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-modal-assurance-criterion-mac-3i6bodea.png Table 4.5: Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-mode-shape-at-764-hz-3lab4rtx.png Figure 4.9: Mode Shape at 764 Hz https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-comparison-of-modal-frequencies-31n2jo44.png Table 4.4: Comparison of Modal Frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-comparison-of-modal-frequencies-1unqraib.png Table 4.2: Comparison of Modal Frequencies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-modal-assurance-criterion-mac-ed3v0pez.png Table 4.3: Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-modal-vector-complexity-comparison-wkumkv4c.png Figure 4.10: Modal Vector Complexity Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-9-case-iv-mac-2ontc4yp.png Table 5.9: Case IV MAC https://scispace.com/papers/normative-data-for-an-expanded-set-of-stimuli-for-testing-3k8kgm5wzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sample-trial-participants-were-presented-with-a-1mayoiyr.png Fig 2. A sample trial. Participants were presented with a bipartite stimulus; here, an Upright Intact version of the source stimulus “guitar” sketched in black on the left of the central border. Six response boxes were provided (three per side). Participants used these boxes to list any familiar objects resembled by each side of the stimulus. A button labelled ‘Next Trial’ would lead them to the next trial when they were ready. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sample-bipartite-stimulus-in-4-configurations-in-d05qc8i2.png Fig 1. A sample bipartite stimulus in 4 configurations. In this figure, the critical side is presented in black on the left of the central border. When these stimuli are used, black/white contrast and left/right location of the critical side is balanced; they are presented on a medium gray backdrop. A) Upright Intact, B) Inverted Intact, C) Upright Partrearranged, D) Inverted Part-Rearranged versions of the source stimulus, “Pineapple”. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percent-inter-subject-agreement-for-each-side-2bqnkg78.png Table 1. Percent inter-subject agreement for each side (critical and complementary) and critical–complementary difference scores for three types of OMEFA-II bipartite stimuli: Upright Intact, Upright Part-Rearranged, and Inverted Part-Rearranged. https://scispace.com/papers/north-sea-palaeogeographical-reconstructions-for-the-last-1-4mo101wg95 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-palaeogeographical-map-series-for-the-late-1xdg8e6l.png Fig. 7. Example palaeogeographical map series for the Late Pleistocene: output of GIA modelling (from Lambeck et al., 2006; the original output also covers Russia). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-proglacial-lake-extent-leading-to-initial-breaching-of-20crm84h.png Fig. 5. Proglacial lake extent leading to initial breaching of the Strait of Dover, as envisaged for the early stages of maximum Anglian glaciation (from Cohen et al., 2005; Gibbard, 2007). With a quote from Belt (1874). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chronostratigraphical-correlation-table-for-the-3jopk146.png Fig. 1. Chronostratigraphical correlation table for the Quaternary (after Gibbard & Cohen, 2008; modified/updated 2009–2013, http://quaternary. stratigraphy.org/charts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-example-palaeogeographical-maps-for-the-holocene-217atrnu.png Fig. 8. Example palaeogeographical maps for the Holocene: reconstructions for 3850 BC and 2750 BC (i.e. 5800 and 4700 cal BP), selected from a series of ten such maps (after Vos et al., 2011; Vos & de Vries, 2013; second-generation maps; www.archeologieinnederland.nl). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quaternary-tectonic-and-glaciation-setting-of-the-hskpivkw.png Fig. 2. Quaternary tectonic and glaciation setting of the North Sea area (after Hijma et al., 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-drainage-basin-and-delta-of-the-miocene-pliocene-early-1qmuk7pm.png Fig. 4. Drainage basin and delta of the Miocene–Pliocene–Early Pleistocene Eridanos river system (after Overeem et al., 2001). Background map depicts former terrestrial environment in Middle-Pleistocene-glacial excavated areas that are nowadays seas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cartoon-illustrating-the-ice-thickness-and-gia-1q8pm89t.png Fig. 3. Cartoon illustrating the ice thickness and GIA magnitude for Scandinavia, the North Sea basin and the periglacial foreland of northwest Europe (after Cohen et al., 2009; abridged). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-palaeogeographical-scenario-maps-for-the-1oduw3du.png Fig. 6. Example palaeogeographical scenario maps for the Middle Pleistocene. A) interglacial highstands of the Cromerian Complex Stage; B) interglacial highstands from between the Anglian (Britain) and Saalian (continental Europe) stage main glaciations (from Hijma et al., 2012; after earlier versions contributed to the NSPRMF, Peeters et al., 2009). https://scispace.com/papers/not-all-voxels-are-created-equal-reducing-estimation-bias-in-3w2cy9b9x2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustrative-case-of-estimation-bias-in-the-2xcb0641.png Figure 2. Illustrative case of estimation bias in the conventional mean in an ROI consisting 171 of two voxels with different tissue volumes. a) Shows an ROI covering an area of ground 172 truth anatomy containing both CSF and tissue. Numbers in each sub-region show the local 173 neurite density and are approximately normally distributed. b) Shows NODDI tissue 174 parameter of NDI in two voxels covering the ROI. For each voxel, the NDI parameter 175 describes the average neurite density of the tissue sub-regions that the voxel covers. In the 176 presence of CSF partial volume, the conventional mean misestimates the ground truth mean 177 by overweighting the NDI value in voxel 1, generating a bias of 0.008. Using estimates of the 178 TF to weight the NDI in each voxel, the tissue-weighted mean correctly calculates the mean 179 NDI of the tissue as 0.567. 180 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bias-in-conventional-means-for-all-white-matter-qd4997xk.png Figure 4. Bias in conventional means for all white matter ROIs. Bars show the mean ± 331 standard deviation of bias across subjects. The height of each bar is the average bias 332 across subjects, equal to the bias in the group mean. Black stars indicate significant 333 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-tfs-in-control-and-yoad-subjects-for-all-white-197b9upc.png Figure 3. Mean TFs in control and YOAD subjects for all white matter ROIs. Bars show the 312 mean ± standard deviation of the mean TF across subjects. ROIs are in decreasing order of 313 mean TF in control subjects from left to right. Bilateral ROIs are ordered adjacently when no 314 significant difference was observed by two-tailed t-test between their mean TFs in control 315 subjects. Horizontal lines with stars denote significantly lower mean TF in YOAD subjects, 316 determined using two-sided Welch’s t-tests (p<0.05 Bonferroni-corrected across ROIs). 317 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-sizes-for-ndi-upper-and-odi-lower-across-all-1sn8vmlz.png Figure 6. Effect sizes for NDI (upper) and ODI (lower) across all ROIs for group differences 401 between control and YOAD subjects (Cohen’s ds, mean difference contrast of control minus 402 YOAD) using the conventional mean (blue) and tissue-weighted mean (red). Positive effect 403 sizes correspond to lower means in YOAD subjects and negative effect sizes to higher 404 means in YOAD subjects. Stars indicate significant differences between the control and 405 YOAD group as determined by two-tailed Welch’s t-tests on the group means (p<0.05 406 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-graphical-representation-of-the-noddi-model-the-2kkqsljf.png Figure 1. Graphical representation of the NODDI model. The model estimates the volume of 126 the free water (area shaded with wiggly lines) and tissue (area shaded with straight lines) 127 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relation-between-roi-mean-tf-bias-in-the-22iu4ims.png Figure 5. Relation between ROI mean TF, bias in the conventional mean and covariance 352 between microstructure metrics and TF, plotted for NDI and ODI for each white matter ROI 353 in control and YOAD subjects. Each dot shows the between-subject average of the ROI 354 mean. 355 https://scispace.com/papers/north-south-integration-and-the-location-of-foreign-direct-13d1ayfwix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-effect-of-nafta-on-north-american-fdi-barro-lee-ivxgsi9e.png Table 7: The Effect of NAFTA on North American FDI, Barro/Lee Skill Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fdi-stock-in-the-united-states-and-mexico-various-3o6nxhwu.png Figure 1: FDI Stock in the United States and Mexico, various Sources (billions of dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4b-robustness-checks-ilo-skill-data-25w2tz5o.png Table 4b: Robustness Checks: ILO Skill Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-prais-winsten-regression-results-ilo-skill-data-2qm6dhup.png Table 4b: Robustness Checks: ILO Skill Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-effect-of-nafta-on-north-american-fdi-ilo-skill-oqqbcx9w.png Table 5: The Effect of NAFTA on North American FDI, ILO Skill Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-6a-prais-winsten-regression-results-barro-lee-skill-3prpyynd.png Table 6a: Prais-Winsten Regression Results: Barro/Lee Skill Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-5wjhgbxe.png Table 3: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6b-robustness-checks-barro-lee-skill-data-ts2783za.png Table 6a: Prais-Winsten Regression Results: Barro/Lee Skill Data https://scispace.com/papers/not-knowing-a-cat-is-a-cat-analyticity-and-knowledge-1juzwfpqba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-the-wilcoxon-signed-rank-test-for-the-2p94fovg.png TABLE 2. Results for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the sets of empirical and analytic propositions (n = 175). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-for-all-sub-groups-of-respondents-2ezqlo4i.png TABLE 6. Results for all sub-groups of respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-propositions-included-in-the-second-study-ml27xm2r.png TABLE 3. List of propositions included in the second study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-for-the-wilcoxon-signed-rank-test-for-the-1ie0mvql.png TABLE 4. Results for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the sets of empirical and analytic propositions (n = 136). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-for-the-wilcoxon-signed-rank-test-procedures-1mzulz60.png TABLE 5. Results for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test procedures for pairs of items (n = 136). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-propositions-included-in-the-first-study-2yr44gow.png TABLE 1. List of propositions included in the first study. https://scispace.com/papers/notch-signalling-in-cancer-stem-cells-4a3sb23vk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-notch-signalling-elements-notch-proteins-are-single-2nb8e83p.png Fig. 1. Notch signalling elements. NOTCH proteins are single-pass transmembrane receptors harbouring alarge extracellular domain involved in ligand binding and a cytoplasmic domain involved in signal transduction. The extracellular domain contains multiple EGF-like portions that are critical for ligand binding. The EGF-like portions are followed by a LIND domain (three cysteine-rich repeats) that prevents signalling in the absence of the signal. The intracellular domain is involved in protein–protein interactions and in the activation of the transcription. In fact, it contains a TAD and two NLS. The intracellular PEST sequence negatively regulates protein stability. Notch ligands are also bound to neighbouring cells. Ligands have an amino-terminal domain termed DSL (for Delta, Serrate and LAG-2 domain), followed by a different number of EGF-like portions. Adapted from [19] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-notch-signalling-pathway-notch-receptors-are-255kc0ep.png Fig. 2. Notch signalling pathway. Notch receptors are synthesised as single precursor proteins that are cleaved during transport to the cell surface, where they are expressed as heterodimers. Following the binding of the ligand, placed in the surface of a neighbouring cell, NOTCH is activated by two consecutive proteolytic cleavages that release its intracellular domain (NICD). The first proteolytic cleavage is mediated by the metalloprotease TACE, which cleaves the receptor on the extracellular side, near the transmembrane domain. The second cleavage occurs within the transmembrane domain and is mediated by a gamma-secretase activity whose key component is presenilin. This final cleavage liberates the NICD, which subsequently translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the transcription factor CBF1. This interaction converts CBF1 from a transcriptional re-pressor into a transcriptional activator by displacing nuclear co-repressor proteins (CoR) and through the recruitment of nuclear co-activator proteins (CoA). Adapted from [19] https://scispace.com/papers/note-measuring-breakdown-characteristics-during-the-hot-re-11qf8got73 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hot-re-ignition-voltage-during-cool-down-of-a-hid-lamp-9n64s1f6.png FIG. 2. Hot re-ignition voltage during cool down of a HID lamp burner with two different voltage pulse slopes at 100 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-of-the-setup-for-measuring-the-high-ts8zl04m.png FIG. 1. Schematic overview of the setup for measuring the high frequency AC breakdown voltage of a HID lamp. https://scispace.com/papers/novel-and-powerful-3d-adaptive-crisp-active-contour-method-38mf7t7igd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-lung-segmentation-in-ct-scans-by-the-methods-under-oah2fazq.png Figure 12: Lung segmentation in CT scans by the methods under comparison: a), b) and c) 3D Adaptive Crisp ACM; d), e) and f) 3D Region Growing; g), h) and i) Levelset algorithm based on the coherent propagation method; j), k) and l) semi-automatic segmentation by an expert using the 3D OsiriX toolbox. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-a-3-x-3-neighborhood-for-the-23oeu80p.png Figure 5: Illustration of a 3 × 3 neighborhood for the analysis of the energy and the movement of a point c(s) belonging to slice i, wherein slices i1 and i+ 1 are just used to define the shifting, addition and removal of points in a 3D model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-examples-of-lung-segmentations-in-ct-scans-1wt9iybr.png Figure 14: Examples of lung segmentations in CT scans obtained by the different methods under evaluation: a), f), k), p), u) original images; b), g), l), q) and v) 3D Adaptive Crisp ACM; c), h), m), r) and w) 3D Region Growing; d), i), n), s) and x) Level-set algorithm based on the coherent propagation method; and e), j), o), t) and y) semiautomatic segmentation by expert using the 3D OsiriX toolbox. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-ct-chest-exams-used-to-analyze-3mxp7xfj.png Table 1: Description of the CT chest exams used to analyze the 3D algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-3d-adaptive-balloon-force-2i866ypj.png Figure 2: Illustration of the 3D Adaptive Balloon Force FMBiDi , FCi−1 and FCi+1 from slices i, i− 1 and i+ 1, respectively, where i is the position on axis z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-automatic-initialization-of-the-3d-segmentation-20xb3gpz.png Figure 4: Automatic initialization of the 3D segmentation model in each of the lungs a) and one of the final models built b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-illustration-of-the-parameters-used-for-calculating-10vela87.png Figure 8: Illustration of the parameters used for calculating the angles formed between a point of slice i with its nearest neighbor in slices i − 1 and i + 1: a) and b) show the definition of angles θ1 and θ2, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-f-measure-fm-boxplots-of-the-values-obtained-for-2r5n63kb.png Figure 13: F-measure (FM) boxplots of the values obtained for the lung segmentation methods on the experimental CT scans in terms of disease that increase the HU density (DID). https://scispace.com/papers/novel-genome-coding-of-genetic-algorithms-for-the-system-39tj01cws4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-averaged-cost-for-different-genome-codings-on-all-3bcymvr9.png Fig. 7. Averaged cost for different genome codings on all graph sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-graph-with-annotated-ranks-asap-and-alap-82t48wxc.png Fig. 6. Example graph with annotated ranks, ASAP and ALAP schedule. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mapping-of-a-task-graph-to-an-architecture-graph-24qkjiee.png Fig. 1. Mapping of a task graph to an architecture graph . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-obtained-for-the-four-heuristics-2w8ock24.png TABLE I RESULTS OBTAINED FOR THE FOUR HEURISTICS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-result-for-different-selection-schemes-over-varying-1sad29y0.png Fig. 8. Result for different selection schemes over varying mutation probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-result-for-different-mutation-schemes-on-three-2ybdy924.png Fig. 10. Result for different mutation schemes on three different platforms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-result-for-different-recombination-schemes-for-two-1fy6dpsn.png Fig. 9. Result for different recombination schemes for two genome orderings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-for-good-and-bad-genome-orderings-24dev8vt.png Fig. 3. Examples for good and bad genome orderings. https://scispace.com/papers/novel-or-consistent-music-an-electrophysiological-study-1pdasovkzl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-presented-adverts-29anhvng.png Table 1: List of presented adverts. https://scispace.com/papers/nox-emission-reduction-in-commercial-jets-through-water-3hf00qdfow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-engine-performance-corresponding-to-50-nox-reduction-3rrh5qf1.png Table 1. Engine performance corresponding to 50% NOx reduction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-turbofan-engine-and-examined-water-injection-points-2xt7rl1a.png Figure 1. Turbofan engine and examined water injection points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-of-temperatures-and-rotor-speed-versus-nox-373wsb9u.png Figure 3. Change of temperatures and rotor speed versus NOx reduction when water is injected at the inlet of the LPC with reduced cooling air bleed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-water-fraction-in-the-core-air-flow-versus-nox-314jxnfb.png Figure 2. Water fraction in the core air flow versus NOx reduction when water is injected at the inlet of: 1) LPC, reduced cooling air bleed; 2) HPC, reduced cooling air bleed; 3) LPC, normal cooling air bleed; 4) HPC, normal cooling air bleed; and 5) combustor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lpc-additional-water-mass-as-a-fraction-of-total-22zmk7tk.png Figure 4. LPC additional water mass as a fraction of total fuel mass versus NOx reduction. https://scispace.com/papers/np-navigator-a-new-look-at-the-natural-product-chemical-2quesy3l8e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-density-landscape-of-nps-from-coconut-on-the-left-1uppa0ia.png Figure 1. Density landscape of NPs from COCONUT. On the left – chemotypes for the highly populated regions, on the right – for the low populated ones. Multicolored areas correspond to the highly populated regions, while gray color defines moderately occupied areas. White zones are empty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-class-landscape-comparing-biologically-tested-red-367rqehk.png Figure 6. Class landscape comparing biologically tested (red) and not tested (black) NPs. Given substructures correspond to the MCSs, specific to the not tested subset. First number in parenthesis gives number of hits in not tested subset, second one – in tested. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-target-specific-np-chemotypes-and-corresponding-kiuzmxn8.png Figure 7. Target-specific NP chemotypes and corresponding regions of chemical space: epigenetic targets, GPCRs, transporters and proteases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zoomed-density-landscape-for-the-region-r9-that-18cqd86m.png Figure 2. Zoomed density landscape for the region R9 that contains different type on alkaloids. On the finer scale of the zoomed map one can observe better chemotypes separation. Multicolored areas correspond to the highly populated regions, while gray color defines moderately occupied areas. White zones are empty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-class-landscape-comparing-coconut-natural-products-1tzgti7l.png Figure 5. Class landscape comparing COCONUT natural products(black) with NP-like ZINC compounds(red). Upper scheme provides examples of ZINC-specific MCSs, while lower one demonstrates NP-specific MCSs. First number in parenthesis gives number of hits in c-COCONUT, second one – in NP-like ZINC. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-search-of-the-nps-and-synthetic-analogs-of-a-125c69a1.png Figure 9. Search of the NPs and synthetic analogs of a compounds of interest using NP Navigator (241 GTM in total). After being projected onto the NP-Umap, compound is followed down to the last level of zoom. Neighboring compounds on the last zoomed map can be considered as a close NP-analogs and synthetic analogues of the initial compound of interest https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-amount-of-existing-chembl-reported-np-bioactivity-efu43zho.png Figure 3. Amount of existing (ChEMBL-reported) NP bioactivity data and NP commercial availability relate to the druglikeness of compounds. Map on the left - class landscape comparing biologically tested (red) and not tested (black) NPs. Map in the middle – property landscape showing distribution of quantitative estimate of drug -likeness (QED) of NPs. Blue regions correspond to the compounds with all physicochemical parameters being unfavorable for oral drugs, red ones – with all properties being favorable. Map on the right – normalized class landscape comparing commercially available (red) and not available (black) NPs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-target-specific-np-chemotypes-and-corresponding-1l9bvb9a.png Figure 8. Target-specific NP chemotypes and corresponding regions of chemical space: nuclear receptors, kinases, ion channels and other enzymes https://scispace.com/papers/nqo1-expression-correlates-inversely-with-nfkb-activation-in-34zmmnnlkn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-of-nfjb-protein-expression-with-the-2d72i2d9.png Table 2 Association of NFjB protein expression with the clinicopathological features of the tumors in the first series of breast cancer patients with primary tumors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-by-nfjb-protein-2bdozcpc.png Fig. 3 Kaplan–Meier survival curves by NFjB protein expression in the first series of patients with primary tumor. a 10-year overall survival after breast cancer diagnosis; 10-year overall survival among individuals who received anthracycline treatment (b), non-anthracycline chemotherapy (c), no chemotherapy (d) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-coxs-regression-analysis-by-nqo1-and-nfjb-4t6aaxtx.png Table 4 Univariate Cox’s regression analysis by NQO1 and NFjB protein expression for overall survival and time to tumor progression in the chemotherapy trial series with metastatic disease https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kaplan-meier-survival-curves-by-nqo1-protein-2b2yjdsk.png Fig. 2 Kaplan–Meier survival curves by NQO1 protein expression in the first series of patients with primary tumor. a 10-year overall survival after breast cancer diagnosis; 10-year overall survival among individuals who received anthracycline treatment (b), non-anthracycline chemotherapy (c), no chemotherapy (d) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-immunohistochemical-detection-of-nqo1-and-nfjb-in-1orduyfl.png Fig. 1 Immunohistochemical detection of NQO1 and NFjB in human breast tumors. The images show NQO1-staining (top row) and p65 NFjB-staining patterns (bottom row) for normal human breast tissue (a, d) and two breast carcinomas: one tumor with high abundance of NQO1 and cytoplasmic/inactive p65 NFjB (b and e, respectively), the other tumor lacking NQO1 and showing nuclear p65 NFjB-staining indicative of NFjB activation (c and f, respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-functional-representation-of-genes-correlating-with-1qj0gihr.png Fig. 4 Functional representation of genes correlating with NQO1 and NFjB. The number of genes positively (red) and negatively correlated (green) and their functional annotation are shown https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-cox0s-regression-analysis-by-nqo1-and-17x3m3ma.png Table 3 Univariate Cox0s regression analysis by NQO1 and NFjB positive and negative protein expression for overall survival in the first series of breast cancer patients with primary tumors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-association-of-nqo1-protein-expression-with-the-3gg26xn4.png Table 1 Association of NQO1 protein expression with the clinicopathological features of the primary tumors in the first series of breast cancer patients with primary tumors https://scispace.com/papers/nrel-energy-storage-projects-fy2014-annual-report-3ykphfka8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-b-2-4-1-abr-electrode-materials-received-for-3uy34utn.png Table IV.B.2.4-1: ABR Electrode Materials Received for Coating with ALD Alumina https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-e-6-1-nrel-developed-cell-domain-model-options-3cq3wh3o.png Table III.E.6-1: NREL-developed cell-domain model options https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-e-5-2-environmental-chambers-and-isothermal-baths-3qo77va2.png Table II.E.5-2. Environmental Chambers and Isothermal Baths Acquired with ARRA Funds https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-e-5-1-low-medium-and-high-power-battery-channels-28eyu5am.png Table II.E.5-2. Environmental Chambers and Isothermal Baths Acquired with ARRA Funds https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-b-2-5-1-composition-of-alumina-on-different-batches-3tcjcxyy.png Table IV.B.2.4-1: ABR Electrode Materials Received for Coating with ALD Alumina https://scispace.com/papers/nuclear-field-shift-effect-in-isotope-fractionation-of-tio4l2lkdp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nuclear-field-shift-effect-ln-kfs-for-isotope-pair-3phyfsl7.png Table 2. Nuclear field shift effect, ln Kfs, for isotope pair 203Tl-205Tl at 298 K. 284 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-logarithm-of-the-reduced-partition-function-ln-s-s-f-1tiqan9o.png Table 1. Logarithm of the reduced partition function, ln(s/s’)f, for isotope pair 203Tl-205Tl at 298 K. 269 https://scispace.com/papers/nrf2-activation-attenuates-chronic-constriction-injury-qf5imjjyd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-course-of-nrf2-expression-in-the-spinal-cord-2nmrswco.png Figure 2: Time course of Nrf2 expression in the spinal cord after CCI. (a) Western blotting showed the time course of Nrf2 protein in the nuclear extracts. Representative blots and blot density (normalized to histone H3 loading control) are presented (∗P < 0:05, ∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the sham group, n = 5 per group). (b) Representative fluorescent photomicrographs showed the time course expression of Nrf2 and nuclei in the ipsilateral spinal cord dorsal horn following CCI. One-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test was used for western blot results and immunochemistry data. Magnification: 100x and 2000x (insets) (scale bar = 100 μm). (c) The number of DAPI-positive nuclei colocalized with Nrf2 is expressed as a ratio of the total number of nuclei in the spinal cord dorsal horn. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni analysis was used to test the differences among groups (∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the sham group, n = 3 per group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-zln005-on-the-treatment-and-prevention-of-2spkda52.png Figure 7: Effect of ZLN005 on the treatment and prevention of mechanical pain and hyperalgesia after CCI. (a, b) A single injection of ZLN005 (1 μg, 5μg, and 10μg/5μL, i.t.) or vehicle (5 μL) was given on day 7 following CCI (∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the CCI +vehicle group). In contrast, the CCI+vehicle group had no significant change in PWT and TWL (###P < 0:001 compared with the sham +vehicle group). No significant difference in the baseline thresholds was observed among all groups (n = 5 per group). (c, d) ZLN005 (1 μg and 10 μg/5 μL, i.t.) or vehicle (5 μL) was given for 5 consecutive days from day 7 to day 11. Treatment with ZLN005 (10 μg) significantly reversed PWT and TWL in CCI mice (∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the CCI+vehicle group). In contrast, the CCI+vehicle group had no significant change in PWT and TWL (###P < 0:001 compared with the sham+vehicle group) (n = 5 per group). (e, f) Preventive effect of ZLN005 on the development of CCI. ZLN005 (10 μg, i.t.) was given once daily from day 0 to day 2 after CCI. The pain behavioral tests were performed before CCI and on day 1, day 3, day 7, and day 14 after CCI. Treatment with ZLN005 (10 μg, i.t.) significantly elevated the PWT and TWL at day 3 and day 7 after CCI. However, no significant difference was observed on day 14 (∗P < 0:05, ∗∗P < 0:01, and ∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with CCI+vehicle mice) (n = 5 per group). (g, h) The analgesic effect of ZLN005 in CCI mice was completely inhibited by the PGC-1α inhibitor SR-18292 (SR). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the sham+vehicle group, ###P < 0:001 compared with the CCI +ZLN+SR group, n = 5 per group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-effect-of-rta-408-on-the-spinal-expression-of-nrf2-11u4vbzx.png Figure 3: Effect of RTA-408 on the spinal expression of Nrf2 in the nuclear extracts of CCI mice. The spinal expression of Nrf2 in the nuclear extracts was significantly increased following CCI. RTA408 administration further increased the spinal expression of Nrf2 in the nuclear extracts in the sham group and CCI group. Representative blots and blot density (normalized to histone H3 loading control) are presented. One-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test was used for western blot results (∗∗P < 0:01, ∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the indicated group, n = 5 per group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-course-of-mitochondrial-protein-and-mtdna-1skl8x4h.png Figure 6: Time course of mitochondrial protein and mtDNA content in the spinal cord following CCI. The spinal cord was collected and analyzed for (a) mitochondrial protein expression, (b) mtDNA content, and (c) ATP levels following CCI. The intensity of protein blots was normalized to loading control GAPDH antibody and expressed as the fold of control. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni analysis was used to test the differences among groups (∗P < 0:05, ∗∗P < 0:01, and ∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the sham group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-the-pgc-1a-inhibitor-on-the-analgesic-2f2uih4c.png Figure 10: Effect of the PGC-1α inhibitor on the analgesic effect of RTA-408. The analgesic effect of RTA-408 in CCI mice was completely inhibited by the PGC-1α inhibitor SR-18292. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the sham+vehicle group, ###P < 0:001 compared with the CCI+RTA+SR group, n = 5 per group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-effect-of-trigonelline-on-mitochondrial-protein-and-16yiaars.png Figure 9: Effect of trigonelline on mitochondrial protein and mtDNA in the spinal cord following CCI. The spinal cord was extracted and analyzed for (a) mitochondrial protein expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM and (b) mtDNA content. The intensity of protein blots was normalized to a loading control GAPDH antibody and expressed as the fold of control. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni analysis was used to test the differences among groups (∗∗P < 0:01, ∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the indicated group, n = 5 per group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-the-nrf2-inhibitor-on-pain-13py4hte.png Figure 4: Effect of the Nrf2 inhibitor on pain hypersensitivity and the spinal expression of Nrf2 in the nuclear extracts. (a, b) The analgesic effect of RTA-408 (10 μg, i.t.) in CCI mice was completely inhibited by the Nrf2 inhibitor trigonelline (Trig). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (∗P < 0:05, ∗∗P < 0:01, and ∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the sham+vehicle group, #P < 0:05, ##P < 0:01, and ###P < 0:001 compared with the CCI+RTA+Trig group, n = 5 per group). (c) The spinal expression of Nrf2 in the nuclear extracts was significantly increased following CCI. Representative blots and blot density (normalized to histone H3 loading control) are presented (∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the sham+vehicle group). RTA-408 administration further increased the spinal expression of Nrf2 in the nuclear extracts in the CCI group (∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the CCI+vehicle group, n = 5 in each group), which was significantly inhibited by the preinjection of trigonelline. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni analysis was used to test the differences among groups (∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the CCI+RTA-408 group, n = 5 per group). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-effect-of-rta-408-on-mitochondrial-protein-and-1okje1x5.png Figure 8: Effect of RTA-408 on mitochondrial protein and mtDNA content and on the spinal cord following CCI. The spinal cord was extracted and analyzed for (a) mitochondrial protein expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM and (b) mtDNA content. The intensity of protein blots was normalized to a loading control GAPDH antibody and expressed as the fold of control. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni analysis was used to test the differences among groups (∗P < 0:05, ∗∗P < 0:01, and ∗∗∗P < 0:001 compared with the indicated group, n = 5 per group). https://scispace.com/papers/nuclear-moments-and-deformation-change-in-a-184-u-g-m-from-18tehtvly4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-isotope-shift-and-mean-square-charge-radius-116o8p9f.png TABLE I. Isotope shift and mean square charge radius variation in184Au. 197Au is taken as the reference isotope. The value o jkb2l1y2j s197Aud 0.113 is taken from the calculation of Möller and Nix [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hyperfine-spectrum-of184aug1m-the-ground-state-lines-28oqddcr.png FIG. 1. Hyperfine spectrum of184Aug1m (the ground state lines have been magnified by a factor of 5). The spectra above the experimental one have been calculated with the extracted hyperfine constantsA and B and the isomeric shift Dn. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-hyperfine-constants-and-nuclear-moments-in184au-the-26xk9j21.png TABLE II. Hyperfine constants and nuclear moments in184Au. The deformation parameter extracted from the quadrupole m ment is compared to the rms deformation parameter extracted from thedkr2c l. https://scispace.com/papers/nuclear-wave-functions-from-particle-transfer-data-2rb5k52a3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagrams-for-closest-singularities-for-n-d-scattering-1hjhgzkn.png Fig. 2. Diagrams for closest singularities for n-d scattering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-singularities-in-the-cos8-plane-for-n-d-scattering-39x0cb8b.png Fig. 4. Singularities in the cos8-plane for n-d scattering. https://scispace.com/papers/nuclear-safeguards-reporting-system-requirements-34o2nkg1tn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-5-concise-note-form-hrbtjztz.png Figure B-5. Concise Note form. https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-10-mbr-entry-name-17lwjt1s.png Table C-10. MBR entry name. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-2-inventory-change-report-form-r-01-2-1h9d0em9.png Figure B-2. Inventory Change Report form R.01.2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-6-record-format-for-concise-notes-entries-dmv95rke.png Table 3-6. Record format for concise notes entries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-flowchart-for-determining-the-measurement-basis-6ukmyogh.png Figure 3-1. Flowchart for determining the measurement basis code. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-example-of-how-measurement-basis-is-applied-33ojtvpz.png Figure 3-2. Example of how measurement basis is applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-9-addition-of-an-accounting-entry-to-a-previous-h5wex6hp.png Figure 3-9. Addition of an accounting entry to a previous report. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-4-physical-inventory-listing-report-form-r-02-c-26f7hodo.png Figure B-4. Physical Inventory Listing report form R.02/c. https://scispace.com/papers/nucleobases-and-prebiotic-molecules-in-organic-residues-qq8secr89c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-species-searched-for-and-detected-in-all-the-samples-3a27usbg.png Table 4. Species searched for and detected in all the samples with HPLC (L) and GC-MS (G). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-the-uv-destruction-cross-sections-34exdud6.png Table 1. Comparison between the UV-destruction cross sections (σUV) and halflives of pyrimidine in various ice mixtures at low temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-all-the-standards-searched-for-with-hplc-and-2sa5i9x9.png Table 3. List of all the standards searched for with HPLC and GC-MS. https://scispace.com/papers/null-controllability-of-perturbed-porous-medium-gas-flow-4fn4825qa0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-free-boundary-represents-the-contact-points-1vmpgohz.png Figure 1. The free boundary represents the contact points where the three phases of gas, solid and liquid connect. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-analysis-of-the-frequency-chirp-in-quantum-dot-3phzn21mpm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-separate-contributions-to-the-chirp-parameters-2ib5eh68.png TABLE II SEPARATE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHIRP PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-power-and-frequency-variation-of-the-lasing-mode-in-1q2onvan.png Fig. 4. (a) Power and frequency variation of the lasing mode in LD1 under large signal sinusoidal modulation at 2.5 GHz. (b) Representation of the chirp in the power-frequency plane (“fish diagram”). The straight line in (b) reports the adiabatic contribution; it is obtained connecting the two point of minimum and maximum of the power were dP=dt = 0. We indicate the point of maximum https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-percentage-variation-of-the-carrier-density-respect-to-2uqf2r0m.png Fig. 5. Percentage variation of the carrier density respect to the threshold value in the various QD states of LD1 modulated with a sinusoidal current at 2.5 GHz with I = 44 mA and bias current I = 25 mA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-frequency-chirp-as-function-of-power-fish-diagram-of-s3vj402j.png Fig. 6. (a) Frequency chirp as function of power (”fish diagram”) of LD2 modulated at 2.5 GHz with I = 35mA and bias current I = 25mA. The solid straight line corresponds to the power pulse leading edge and the dashed line to the trailing edge with the arrows indicating the time evolution. The arrows on the curve indicate the time sequence. The straight line in (a) is the adiabatic contribution. (b) Corresponding variation of the carrier density respect to threshold in the various QD states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-energy-band-diagram-of-the-qd-sml-1tlfn3ei.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the energy band diagram of the QD SML active region. The carrier capture and escape rates from the various states are also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-equivalent-lef-parameters-of-left-ld1-and-right-ld2-as-2cx0nh1k.png Fig. 8. Equivalent LEF parameters of (left) LD1 and (right) LD2 as function of the current modulation depth for two bias point corresponding to low (2.5 mW) and high (25 mW) output power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-chirp-parameters-of-left-ld1-and-right-ld2-as-function-1jwuujbc.png Fig. 7. Chirp parameters of (left) LD1 and (right) LD2 as function of the bias output power. For any bias point, the peak-to-peak modulation current has been chosen to guarantee an output power extinction ratio of 10 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-homogenous-broadening-functions-of-a-the-gainb-e-e-and-1bvi6485.png Fig. 2. Homogenous broadening functions of (a) the gainB (E E ) and https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-algorithm-for-wing-structure-design-e67qx2ldz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-forces-at-spanwise-location-z-z-185ml1s1.png Fig. 1 Schematic of forces at spanwise location z = z′ contributing to the bending moment at the spanwise location z as assumed by Prandtl.31 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-structural-weight-and-induced-drag-573ofdz8.png Table 2 Comparison of structural weight and induced drag found by the wing-structure algorithm to those found by Hunsaker et al.37 for the wing configuration given in Table 1 with the non-structural weight distribution given by Eq. (19) and prescribed total weight. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-structural-weight-distributions-1vrrmted.png Fig. 7 Comparison of structural weight distributions predicted by the wing-structure algorithm and Hunsaker et al.37 for the test wing defined in Table 1 with the non-structural weight distribution given by Eq. (19) and prescribed total weight. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-variation-in-induced-drag-and-structural-weight-with-36m6x5x6.png Fig. 13 Variation in induced drag and structural weight with change in wingspan and B3 for the test configuration given in Table 1 with variable total weight and constant Wn = 62 N distributed evenly across the wing. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-test-wing-and-support-beam-rvwzgoon.png Table 1 Properties of test wing and support beam configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-of-wing-structure-prediction-algorithm-4320lbt9.png Fig. 6 Schematic of wing-structure prediction algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-results-for-wingspan-and-induced-drag-for-3dyibpad.png Table 4 Summary of results for wingspan and induced drag for the test wing given in Table 1 with the non-structural weight distribution given by Eq. (19) and prescribed structural weight. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-between-the-elliptic-lift-distribution-13slmjdv.png Fig. 9 Comparison between the elliptic lift distribution, Prandtl’s lift distribution,31 and the lift distribution found by Hunsaker et al.37 on the wing defined in Table 1 with the nonstructural weight distribution given in Eq. (19) and prescribed structural weight. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-analysis-of-the-power-saving-in-3gpp-lte-advanced-57p05f83yz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-for-active-state-operation-2c409p81.png Fig. 2. Example for active state operation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-exemplary-snapshot-of-the-drx-operation-in-3gpp-lte-1rya7h9e.png Fig. 1. Exemplary snapshot of the DRX operation in 3GPP LTE Advanced wireless networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-power-saving-factor-and-average-packet-transmission-1g5oo0lx.png Fig. 4. Power-saving factor and average packet transmission delay when τ = 0.1 ms, λ = 0.1/ms, CS = 8 ms, and CT = 8 ms. (a) Power-saving factor. (b) Average packet transmission delay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-saving-factor-and-average-packet-transmission-3dkm6ucy.png Fig. 3. Power-saving factor and average packet transmission delay when N = 2, τ = 0.1, λ = 0.1, and CL = 2CS . (a) Power-saving factor. (b) Average packet transmission delay. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-analysis-of-the-burgers-equation-in-the-presence-419qoiq2sq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-convergence-to-16-and-17-with-the-monte-carlo-method-3o04u4l1.png Table 1: Convergence to (16) and (17) with the Monte Carlo method, m = 400, t = 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-convergence-to-16-and-17-with-the-polynomial-chaos-5bh2fbtv.png Table 2: Convergence to (16) and (17) with the polynomial chaos method, m = 400, t = 0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-expected-value-and-variance-at-t-0-5-m-1-1u0g4ix4.png Figure 9: Expected value and variance at t = 0.5, M = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-first-four-pc-coefficients-t-0-3-m-5-and-m-3-m-nxs52i7r.png Figure 1: The first four PC coefficients, t = 0.3, M = 5 and M = 3, m = 400. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-m-7-convergence-of-the-variance-norm-of-the-error-2ug7fcu1.png Figure 4: M = 7. Convergence of the variance. Norm of the error relative to the analytical variance (left) and error relative to the finest grid variance, m = 800 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-convergence-of-the-first-chaos-coefficients-note-1qb0ftr0.png Figure 3: Convergence of the first chaos coefficients. Note the different scales in the figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-development-of-variance-of-the-perturbed-cosine-1v0lyffc.png Figure 5: Development of variance of the perturbed cosine wave. t = 0.5 for M = 3, m = 400. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-characteristics-of-the-two-perturbed-cosine-waves-2l5zqa9f.png Figure 6: Characteristics of the two perturbed cosine waves (Ex 1.1 and Ex 1.2) for M = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-and-experimental-investigation-of-the-hygrothermal-3llvtrdomo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-boundary-condition-in-hotbox-hb-and-coldbox-cb-1wuylqc4.png Table 1. Boundary condition in hotbox (HB) and coldbox (CB) during the consecutive measuring steps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulated-dimensionless-temperature-distribution-at-1nstovqd.png Fig. 7. Simulated dimensionless temperature distribution at top and bottom position versus measured temperatures. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-measured-versus-simulated-moisture-content-of-the-2l19rl6y.png Fig. 11. Measured versus simulated moisture content of the exterior air barrier. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-potential-moisture-redistribution-towards-upper-4z8r3f34.png Figure 1. Potential moisture redistribution towards upper cold side as a result of internal natural convection in vapour open wall designs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-air-leakage-through-gap-of-1-cm-in-osb-2yjgdmkx.png Figure 4. Air leakage through gap of 1 cm in OSB https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-variable-discretisation-grid-28x53-and-applied-3i13m0ul.png Fig. 6. Variable discretisation grid (28x53) and applied boundary conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulated-relative-humidity-in-the-insulation-layer-2yi5qh85.png Fig. 10. Simulated relative humidity (%) in the insulation layer of FIBREBOARD 1: (a) at the end of step 1, (b) at the end of step 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-effect-of-a-1-uncertainty-on-the-sorption-isotherm-of-x1bdjmvj.png Fig. 14. Effect of a 1% uncertainty on the sorption isotherm of Fibreboard 1 https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-and-experimental-modeling-of-natural-convection-dffao8hpk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-net-buoyancy-of-the-single-walled-1m-balloon-3pmctvyg.png Figure 5. Net buoyancy of the single-walled 1m balloon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-relative-temperature-deviation-between-numerical-1lakutfu.png Figure 11. Relative temperature deviation between numerical and experimental local temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-schematic-of-the-thermocouple-locations-in-a-27an037s.png Figure 10. A schematic of the thermocouple locations in a single- and double-walled balloon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-computational-domain-and-typical-discretization-1pa4tga5.png Figure 3. Computational domain and typical discretization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-and-stream-function-distributions-1qiyzw4g.png Figure 4. Temperature and stream function distributions inside: a) single-walled balloon; b) double-walled balloon. T∞=90K, m =550 W. plumes, convection cells, and (momentum and thermal) boundary layers. An internal plume is formed adjacent to a heating element and rises along the centerline of the balloon, and an external plume is formed above the crown. In this time-averaged turbulent flow, a single recirculating convection cell (of toroidal shape) forms within the inner sphere. The recirculation is more intense (faster) at the top. One can also distinguish the existence of a cell in the gap for the double-walled case (see Fig. 4-b). Both single- and double-walled balloons are predicted to have very thin momentum and thermal boundary layers close to the surfaces. These are evidenced by the nearly discontinuous temperature field adjacent to the surfaces. The largest convective velocities occur where the streamlines are closest together; this occurs on both internal and external surfaces adjacent to the intense part of the internal convection cell. As expected, and as can also be seen from Fig. 4, the insulating effect of the gap leads to a higher average temperature in the double-walled balloon than in the single-walled one when the heat input for both balloons is the same. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-net-buoyancy-versus-heat-input-with-radiation-nqs8xj9e.png Figure 9. Net buoyancy versus heat input with radiation included, single-walled 1 m balloon, T∞ = 90K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-net-buoyancy-versus-heat-input-for-different-gap-3hc8n8td.png Figure 8. Net buoyancy versus heat input for different gap widths, 1 m external diameter balloon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-description-of-experimental-setup-for-a-2ygpyslg.png Figure 1. A schematic description of experimental setup for a single-walled balloon. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-homogenization-for-composite-materials-analysis-31cnst55vg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-convergence-analysis-results-2e9fye0y.png Figure 6: Convergence analysis results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rve-used-for-the-undamaged-case-3l54puf1.png Figure 5: RVE used for the undamaged case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-fe-mesh-of-the-macro-model-of-the-beam-with-two-1pmdwu0i.png Figure 11: FE mesh of the macro-model of the beam with two laminates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-rves-with-50-25-and-12-5-of-damaged-layers-under-1fs5uv9z.png Figure 10: RVEs with 50%, 25% and 12.5% of damaged layers under load. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-periodic-vertices-nodes-2lj73j1q.png Table 1: Periodic vertices nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-relation-of-the-3uv3otwv.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of the relation of the periodicity vectors in the referential and updated configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mechanical-properties-of-the-degradated-lamina-2-3j3k2nz2.png Table 4: Mechanical properties of the degradated Lamina 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-reaction-force-obtained-in-the-global-damage-case-7znyp34n.png Figure 7: Reaction force obtained in the global damage case. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-infinities-and-infinitesimals-methodology-53p8iqro0o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1-polynomials-p1-x-13-and-p2-x-13-together-with-sin-297a5f2j.png Figure 8.1. Polynomials P1(x,13) and P2(x,13) together with sin(x). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-5-presents-results-of-numerical-experiments-from-105-zefo8rg3.png Table 5.5 presents results of numerical experiments from [105] executed on a class of 12 test functions taken from the literature. The method TIC is compared over the interval [0,0.2] with the Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order (RK4) with the integration step h = 0.04, i.e., to obtain an approximation at the point x = 0.2 the method RK4 executes 5 steps and 20 evaluations of the function f (x,y) from (5.15). After the results for RK4 had been obtained, the TIC method was applied to each of 12 problems. The method TIC stopped when the accuracy ε TIC at the point x = 0.2 was better than the accuracy ε RK4 of the method RK4. The last column, N TIC, in Table 5.5 presents the number of evaluations of f (x,y) executed by the TIC to reach the accuracy ε TIC. In other words, it shows the number of infinitesimal steps executed by the TIC that is equal to the number of exact derivatives calculated by this method. The respective solutions y RK4 and y TIC are also shown in the table. For the considered problem the TIC method executes fewer evaluations of f (x,y), in comparison with the Runge-Kutta method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-results-of-a-comparison-on-12-test-problems-taken-wdzd2gxi.png Table 5.1. Results of a comparison on 12 test problems taken from the literature of the TIC method with the Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order that executes 20 evaluations of f (x,y) to reach the accuracy ε RK4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-operation-of-division-executed-on-the-infinity-3qd4ubvr.png Figure 4.2. Operation of division executed on the Infinity Calculator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-2-generation-of-the-koch-snowflake-2h27dlql.png Figure 9.2. Generation of the Koch snowflake. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-a-due-to-cantor-the-interval-01-and-the-entire-2zf6ead3.png Figure 7.1. (a) Due to Cantor, the interval (0,1) and the entire real line Y have the same number of points. (b) The ¬-based framework allows us to observe three independent mathematical objects: the set XS1 represented by small circles, the set YS2 represented by stars, and function (7.12) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-1-it-is-not-possible-to-say-whether-this-function-362tb15e.png Figure 6.1. It is not possible to say whether this function is continuous or discrete until we have not introduced a unit of measure and a numeral system to express distances between the points https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-operation-of-multiplication-executed-on-the-2prhvvie.png Figure 4.1. Operation of multiplication executed on the Infinity Calculator https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-investigation-of-planar-shock-wave-impinging-on-8fk6kk9nx4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-initial-conditions-used-in-the-three-different-by8uikd8.png TABLE I. Initial conditions used in the three different experimental cases including the incident planar shock Mach number Ma, the initial bubble radius R0 (mm), the end wall distance L (mm), and the bubble gas density ρ (kg m−3). Note that L→∞ denotes the case without reshock. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-time-periods-of-shock-waves-interacting-with-1gxx3qtb.png TABLE III. Time periods of shock waves interacting with bubbles, where ISTP denotes the time period in which incident shock wave interacts with the bubble and RSTP denotes the time period in which reflected shock wave interacts with the bubble. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-investigation-of-the-stabilization-of-the-no-2auih1gevi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-vertical-component-of-the-velocity-w-at-the-30x0bmf7.png FIG. 2. The vertical component of the velocity,w at the cylinder’s midheight (z50.5) is depicted as a function ofr and w. g50.5. RT517,500. Pr56.7. Thermal boundary conditions are of type AC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-maximum-and-minimum-midheight-temperatures-a-and-3dkiexci.png FIG. 12. The maximum and minimum midheight temperatures~a! and the corresponding actuators’ output~b! are depicted as functions of time (t). When t,0, the controller is off. The controller is applied att50 after steady convection has been established. Case AC.R55000,x51.32, the number of actuators is 17, and the actuators’ output is updated every 434 time steps by 0.1 increments. Pr5135 andg50.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-critical-rayleigh-number-is-depicted-as-a-2ln5e85j.png FIG. 16. The critical Rayleigh number is depicted as a function of the radial wave number,l. The circles denote the admissible values ofl when the azimutal wavenumber,m, equals 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-temperature-along-the-cylinder-axis-u-0-z-is-3alxnayj.png FIG. 4. The temperature along the cylinder axis,u(0,z), is depicted as a function of the vertical coordinatez when RT55000 ~x;1.3, upright triangles!, RT517 500~x;4.7, solid circles! andRT550 000~x;13.4, solid squares!. Pr56.7, g50.5 and the thermal boundary conditions are of type AC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-computed-temperature-when-the-boundary-conditions-3u7kd9cj.png FIG. 6. The computed temperature when the boundary conditions are of type AC ~solid circles! and type AD ~solid triangles! and the nondimensional measured temperature~solid diamonds! are depicted as functions of the radius.x51.5, Pr5135, andg50.5. The profiles were chosen in such a way as to include the maximum and minimum midheight temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-the-difference-between-the-maximum-and-minimum-3mdlcf44.png FIG. 14. The difference between the maximum and minimum midheight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-textured-areas-in-a-and-b-depict-respectively-17-1jqubcag.png FIG. 8. The textured areas in~a! and ~b! depict, respectively, 17 and 9 independently controlled actuators. When 56 actuators are used, each of the area elements acts as an independent actuator. The grid distribution on the heated surface is shown in Fig. 8~b!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-maximum-mid-plane-temperature-difference-dumax-0-5-a5d5mxrp.png FIG. 7. The maximum mid-plane temperature difference,Dumax(0.5), is depicted as a function of the reduced Rayleigh number~x!. Solid squares, solid diamonds, and solid triangles represent, respectively, experimental data, computational data for AC type thermal conditions, and computational data for AD type thermal conditions. Pr5135 andg50.5. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-modeling-of-active-flow-control-in-a-boundary-35nsi0e23m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-numerical-and-experimental-results-1anxiqtp.png Figure 6. Comparison of numerical and experimental results for the BLI inlet for the baseline flow taken in the 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. Case(a) has a free-stream Mach of 0.25 with a ReD = 6.8 ·106 and a duct mass flow rate of 6.38 lbm/s. Case(b) has a free-stream Mach of 0.25 with a ReD = 6.9·106 and a duct mass flow rate of 7.10 lbm/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-total-pressure-ratio-contours-of-the-numerical-1sizh9ju.png Figure 14. Total pressure ratio contours of the numerical simulations for the BLI inlet with 14 control jets for varying jet mass flow ratios where M∞ = 0.784 and ReD = 13.8 million. The location of the control jets are shown and are at the same location as the jets in the low Mach case where they are on the bottom of the duct at x/L = 0.34. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-total-pressure-ratio-contours-of-the-numerical-v7zedx66.png Figure 21. Total pressure ratio contours of the numerical simulations for the BLI inlet with 56 control jets for varying jet mass flow ratios where M∞ = 0.784 and ReD = 13.8 million. This case has eight rows of jets on the bottom surface of the BLI inlet with the first row having 14 jets and the other rows with six jets concentrated at the center of the BLI inlet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-total-pressure-ratio-contours-of-the-numerical-1oy4exbe.png Figure 20. Total pressure ratio contours of the numerical simulations for the BLI inlet with 40 control jets for varying jet mass flow ratios where M∞ = 0.784 and ReD = 13.8 million. This case has five rows of jets with each row having six jets on the bottom and two on the side of the BLI inlet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overset-grids-for-vg-vanes-inside-the-bli-inlet-2a3kezpa.png Figure 1. Overset grids for VG vanes inside the BLI inlet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-numerical-and-experimental-results-3hqvidm4.png Figure 8. Comparison of numerical and experimental results for the BLI inlet for the baseline flow taken in the 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel. Case(a) has a free-stream Mach of 0.833 with a ReD = 14.3·106 and a duct mass flow rate of 5.00 lbm/s. Case(b) has a free-stream Mach of 0.833 with a ReD = 13.8·106 and a duct mass flow rate of 6.01 lbm/s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-comparison-of-the-boundary-layer-profile-on-the-2ayi9fum.png Figure 7. A comparison of the boundary layer profile on the side of the inlet for the experiment and the numerical simulation. The rake is located 0.10 inches upstream of the highlight on the inlet cowl, 3.784 inches from the inlet centerline and approximately 1.67 inches from the outer surface of the inlet cowl. These figures show how the free-stream Mach number for the simulation needed to be adjusted to match the velocity profile at the BL rake. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-comparison-of-the-numerical-and-experimental-3tdt9n7b.png Figure 13. A comparison of the numerical and experimental results for the BLI offset inlet, using VG jets at various mass flows, for the low Mach number case. These contour plots show the total pressure ratio at the AIP. The CFD results were interpolated onto the 120 probe locations used in the experiment. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-modelling-of-pipeline-scour-under-the-combined-3nza6gpbbs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grid-convergence-study-of-the-wave-field-generated-h6t7r2sh.png Figure 2: Grid convergence study of the wave field generated in a NWT without the pipeline. The total duration of the simulation run is t/T = 50. Wave elevation is measured at WG1. The plots depict a comparison between the simulated free surface elevations and the wave theory for different grid sizes. Test conditions are: The wave steepness, ka = 0.082, the wave period T = 1.0 s, CFL = 0.25. Here δcr, δtr, and δph refers to the discrepancy in wave crests, wave troughs, and wave phases, respectively. ηmax,s is the simulated wave crest, ηmax,t is the theoretical wave crest, ηmin,s is the simulated wave trough, ηmax,t is the theoretical wave trough, tp,s is the simulated wave crest time and tp,s is the theoretical wave crest time. The red solid line: numerical result; black dotted line: Second-order Stokes wave theory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-simulated-scour-profiles-with-free-surface-for-1ga1dmnk.png Figure 11: Simulated scour profiles with free surface for different values of Ucm, KC = 10. (a) Ucm = 0, (b) Ucm = 0.35, (c) Ucm = 0.49, (d) Ucm = 0.62. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-simulated-pipeline-scour-with-the-free-surface-3br58fyb.png Figure 8: The simulated pipeline scour with the free surface. (a-c) depict the scour with free surface for clearwater scour. Test conditions: inflow velocity u/ √ gh = 0.189 and θ = 0.048 (< θc). (d-f) depict the scour with free surface for the live-bed scour. Test conditions: Inflow velocity u/ √ gh = 0.270 and θ = 0.09 (> θc). The red lines are simulated results and the black circles are the experiment. Source of experimental data: Mao [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-variation-in-the-velocity-and-resulting-scour-2zwg1df0.png Figure 14: Variation in the velocity and resulting scour below the pipeline corresponding to an increasing Ucm, KC = 18. The wave gauge location is x/D = 0, z/D = -0.30 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-the-simulations-performed-for-the-pipeline-1ldsg6qm.png Table 2: List of the simulations performed for the pipeline scour under the co-directional combined waves and current. The flow is generated from left-to-right. Experimental data: Sumer and Fredsøe [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-simulations-performed-for-hydrodynamic-and-7huktddq.png Table 1: List of simulations performed for hydrodynamic and morphological validation for the co-directional combined waves and current. Here, ka is the wave steepness, k = 2π λ is the wave number, a = H/2 is the wave amplitude and λ is the wavelength. Test series A1-D3 corresponds to hydrodynamic validation. In these tests, flow is generated from right-to-left as in the experiments from Umeyama [18]. The experimental data for test (E1-E5) conducted for the pipeline scour under waves [3] and test F1-F2 is conducted for the pipeline scour steady current [1]. For these simulations (E1-F2), the waves and current are generated from left-to-right as in the experiments from Sumer and Fredsøe [3] and Mao [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulated-velocity-profiles-of-the-wave-for-2gkqmhio.png Figure 4: Simulated velocity profiles of the wave for different values of wave steepness ka = (a) 0.024, (b) 0.056, (c) 0.083. The other test conditions are: Wave period T = 1.0 s, grid size dx = 0.01 m, CFL = 0.10 and the wave gauge WG1 location is x = 0 m, see also Table 1. The red solid line: simulated result; black circles: the experimental data from Umeyama [18]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scour-below-the-pipeline-exposed-to-waves-test-1jmso0wi.png Figure 7: Scour below the pipeline exposed to waves. Test conditions: Pipeline diameter D = 0.05 m, KC = 7.0. Red solid line: the numerical results; Red circles: Experimental data from Sumer and Fredsøe [3]. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-modelling-of-landfill-lining-system-waste-59m385c8s0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationships-between-constrained-modulus-and-mean-1hovsrq7.png Figure 3. Relationships between constrained modulus and mean applied vertical stress used to derive parameters for waste material model (after Dixon et al. 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-strength-reduction-cumulative-probability-1b5x02qk.png Figure 7. Strength reduction cumulative probability distributions along side slope for simulation case A after construction stages 4, 5 and 6: (a) TGM-FINES; (b) TGM-NWGT; (c) NWGT-COARSE https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-parametric-analyses-strength-reduction-values-for-95-1mgcawq4.png Table 7. Parametric analyses: strength reduction values for 95% occurrence along weakest side-slope interface for stages of construction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-strength-reduction-cumulative-probability-1173hoq9.png Figure 14. Strength reduction cumulative probability distributions for TGM-FINES interface after completion of construction stage 6: simulation cases A, F, G, H, I, J and K https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-defining-interface-shear-strength-3i6jjks0.png Table 2. Parameters defining interface shear strength behaviour, and their variability at specified shear displacements https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interface-secant-shear-stiffness-parameters-and-23bykxs9.png Table 3. Interface secant shear stiffness parameters, and their variability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-shear-displacement-distributions-for-2pda0dx4.png Figure 6. Relative shear displacement distributions for simulation case A after construction stage 6: (a) TGM-FINES; (b) NWGT-TGM; (c) NWGT-COARSE interfaces. Each plot contains results from 250 realisations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-influence-of-simulation-case-on-geosynthetic-1xg2zlsn.png Figure 12. Influence of simulation case on geosynthetic tensile strain at 95% occurrence following completion of waste placement stages 1 to 6: (a) nonwoven geotextile; (b) geomembrane https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-models-for-continental-break-up-implications-for-4zf3m1z0p8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-713-24qb47ia.png Table 1 713 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-715-ek4ncb9k.png Table 2 715 https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-sedimentation-particle-size-analysis-using-the-4gm47aaip9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-particle-size-distribution-granulometry-for-five-tmnf7oef.png Figure 10: Particle size distribution (granulometry) for five representative samples with diameters between 2.5× 10−6 m and 70× 10−6 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-average-suspension-density-rs-along-hydrometer-32g41bzo.png Figure 14: Average suspension density ρs along hydrometer bulb computed using Eq. (19) (continuous line) and density obtained from numerical simulation, for samples 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-maximum-diameter-sizes-above-a-variable-depth-25vp1ij5.png Figure 12: Maximum diameter sizes above a variable depth inside the ASTM cylinder for the five numerical experiments (dashed lines) and limiting diameter from Eq. (16) (continuous line) at different times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-suspension-density-rs-along-hydrometer-bulb-at-3e69fh1u.png Figure 13: Suspension density ρs along hydrometer bulb at several instants and for the five samples ordered from left to right, top to bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-terminal-velocities-utr-and-time-to-reach-them-ttr-3odzmaj7.png Table 1: Terminal velocities |u̇tr | and time to reach them ttr derived from the approximate analytical expression for several particle diameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-particle-sedimentation-velocities-ui-in-water-as-a-qp1zuq7y.png Figure 4: Particle sedimentation velocities ∣ ∣ ∣u̇i ∣ ∣ ∣ in water as a function of time for several diameters. Notice how the terminal velocity is quickly reached. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-buoyancy-test-left-force-equilibrium-and-scale-1lt3sphl.png Figure 9: Buoyancy test (left): force equilibrium and scale measuring apparent mass msp of an immersed sphere at constant depth ybt . Pipette test (right): extraction of 35 ml suspension subsample at constant ypt around circle. Particles artificially enlarged for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-numerical-simulation-of-granulometry-particle-pnlor46m.png Figure 18: Numerical simulation of granulometry (particle grading size distribution) for samples 1 to 5 (left to right, top to bottom) as would result from the ASTM-D422, buoyancy and pipette tests. Comparison with the original distribution after 40.000 s of sedimentation. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulations-of-the-impacts-of-land-cover-change-on-4zxrp2g0h2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-same-as-in-fig-9-except-showing-the-percentage-72p7eb7g.png Fig. 10 Same as in Fig. 9 except showing the percentage difference (∆P in Eq. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-modelled-and-observed-obs-profiles-of-a-temperature-oc-1ij91i5k.png Fig. 5 Modelled and observed (Obs) profiles of (a) temperature (oC), (b) mixing ratio (g kg−1), (c) wind speed (m s−1) and, (d) wind direction at the LKW site (Fig.1) for the summer front on the 11 and 12 December 2005 at 0600 LST. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-difference-in-total-surface-accumulated-precipitation-2s4roe3k.png Fig. 9 Difference in total surface accumulated precipitation (mm) between current and pre-European vegetation cover for (a) the summer front, integrated from 0900 LST on 9 December 2005 to 0900 LST on 12 December 2005, (b) the winter front, integrated from averaged from 0900 LST on 5 August 2007 to 0900 LST on the 8 August 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-same-as-in-fig-3-except-for-the-winter-front-from-0900-2n4d3ob6.png Fig. 4 Same as in Fig. 3 except for the winter front from 0900 LST on the 5 August to 0900 LST on the 8 August 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-same-as-in-fig-7-except-for-the-winter-front-1kydgcsg.png Fig. 8 Same as in Fig. 7 except for the winter front, integrated from 0900 LST on the 5 August to 0900 LST on the 8 August 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-same-as-in-fig-13-except-showing-the-change-in-4b7i86a2.png Fig. 14 Same as in Fig. 13 except showing the change in vertically integrated moisture flux convergence (Φ) (kg m−2 s−1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-as-in-fig-5-except-for-the-winter-front-on-the-6-3q57cx02.png Fig. 6 Same as in Fig. 5 except for the winter front on the 6 August 2007 at 1200 LST and 1500 LST respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-observed-and-b-simulated-grid-2-total-surface-3t91qy8a.png Fig. 7 (a) Observed and (b) simulated (Grid 2) total surface accumulated precipitation (mm) for the summer front, integrated from 0900 LST on the 9 December to 0900 LST on the 12 December 2005. https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulations-for-installation-of-offshore-wind-3l48rxu2rj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-convergence-test-results-hs-2-5-m-tp-6-0-s-dir-45-eyxzo9pu.png FIGURE 5. Convergence test results (Hs=2.5 m, Tp=6.0 s, Dir=45 deg, Case: V2G1L1, [refer to Table 5]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-monopile-and-transition-piece-for-offshore-wind-3v6khip5.png FIGURE 1. Monopile and transition piece for offshore wind turbines [5] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-history-of-lowering-and-landing-a-monopile-hs-19pm25nt.png FIGURE 6. Time history of lowering and landing a monopile. (Hs =2.5 m, Tp=6.0 s, Dir=45 deg, Case: V2G1L1-seed 1[refer to Table 5]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-responses-by-using-different-landing-stiffnessses-qx30464a.png FIGURE 11. Responses by using different landing stiffnessses and vessels (Hs =2.5m, Dir=45deg) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-responses-by-using-different-gripper-stiffnesses-3bnp1tu1.png FIGURE 10. Responses by using different gripper stiffnesses and vessels (Hs =2.5m, Dir=45deg) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lifting-arrangement-of-the-monopile-bnkc0f7h.png FIGURE 2. Lifting arrangement of the monopile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-responses-by-using-different-vessels-hs-2-5-m-dir-1t8ty3hx.png FIGURE 8. Responses by using different vessels (Hs =2.5 m, Dir=45 deg) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normalized-wave-and-response-spectrums-hs-2-5m-dir-1sfwl3lu.png FIGURE 7. Normalized wave and response spectrums. (Hs =2.5m; Dir=45deg; Case: V2G2L2 [refer to Table 5]) https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-simulations-of-ultra-low-re-flow-around-two-tandem-fm8dx9m7rq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-1-computational-domain-around-a-single-naca-0012-orhnxmo2.png Figure 2.1-1 Computational domain around a single NACA 0012 airfoil (left) with ground effect and (right) without ground effect. ICEM is used to generate the computational mesh, whose geometrical details are shown in Figure 2.1-2. The first cell spacing of the mesh around the airfoil is set to 0.0015c in order to ensure that y+ is smaller than 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-1-top-lift-coefficient-middle-drag-coefficient-3mj0a45l.png Figure 4.4-1 (top) Lift coefficient, (middle) drag coefficient, and (bottom) lift-to-drag ratio as a function of the stagger distance at Re = 500, G = 0.2c, and H = 0.4c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-validation-at-a-10deg-11deg-and-re-1000-2o8398do.png Table 2 Data validation at α = 10°, 11° and Re = 1000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-1-grid-refinement-at-a-20degand-re-500-26-t-32-s-rlr1drc7.png Figure 2.2-1 Grid refinement at α = 20°and Re = 500 (26 ≤ t ≤ 32 s). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-test-cases-all-length-scales-are-3sijy7le.png Table 4 Summary of the test cases. All length scales are expressed in terms of chord length, c. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-2-velocity-contours-for-two-tandem-airfoils-at-166fqk6g.png Figure 4.4-1 (top) Lift coefficient, (middle) drag coefficient, and (bottom) lift-to-drag ratio as a function of the stagger distance at Re = 500, G = 0.2c, and H = 0.4c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-settings-for-tandem-airfoil-simulations-1hc9kyeq.png Table 3 Settings for tandem-airfoil simulations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-settings-for-single-airfoil-simulations-3thzqrls.png Table 1 Settings for single-airfoil simulations https://scispace.com/papers/numerical-solution-of-time-dependent-three-particle-faddeev-3aimntbn45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-the-symmetrized-s-matrix-ew28cc3l.png FIG. 1. Real and imaginary parts of the symmetrized S-matrix Ssym for the three-boson model with separable pair potential are plotted as a function of spectator momentum q. Results obtained via Eq. (68) from the numerical wave-packet solution of the timedependent transposed Faddeev equation (TDTFE) are compared with reference results from solutions of time-independent momentumspace Faddeev integral equations. Parameters of the initial wave packet are q0 = 2 fm−1, y0 = 9 fm, d = 1.5 fm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inelasticity-parameter-s-for-three-boson-and-1k3h6zdy.png FIG. 4. Inelasticity parameter |S| for three-boson and threefermion models with separable pair potential. Results of wavepacket calculation are compared with results from time-independent momentum-space Faddeev calculations. Parameters of the initial wave packet are q0 = 2 fm−1, y0 = 9 fm, d = 1.5 fm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-real-part-dr-of-phase-shift-for-three-boson-and-1po2xfiq.png FIG. 3. Real part δR of phase shift for three-boson and threefermion models with separable pair potential. Results of wave packet calculation are compared with results from time-independent momentum-space Faddeev calculations. Parameters of the initial wave packet are q0 = 2 fm−1, y0 = 9 fm, d = 1.5 fm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-fig-1-but-for-santi-of-the-three-fermion-model-146czilq.png FIG. 2. Same as Fig. 1 but for Santi of the three-fermion model. Wave-packet results were calculated via Eq. (70) from the numerical wave-packet solution of the time-dependent transposed Faddeev equation (TDTFE). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-inelasticity-parameter-s-and-real-part-of-phase-q5lk8w90.png TABLE II. Inelasticity parameter |S| and real part of phase shift δR for the local potential model. Results obtained from the numerical wave-packet solutions of TDTFE are compared with the CRC results at a number of collision energies. Benchmark results from the literature are also given for two of the collision energies. Results obtained from the wave packet at different asymptotic times T are listed for various values of spectator laboratory energy ELabin . Wave-packet parameters are q0 = 2 fm−1, y0 = 9 fm, d = 1.5 fm. Finite-element grid corresponds to Ip = 44 and Jq = 201. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-real-part-dr-of-phase-shift-for-three-boson-and-ne57e032.png FIG. 11. Real part δR of phase shift for three-boson and threefermion models with the MT-III potential with the narrower momentum-space wave packets as in Figs. 9 and 10. This figure should be contrasted with Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-ssym-for-the-three-boson-1nm2dwzc.png FIG. 14. Real and imaginary parts of Ssym for the three-boson model are plotted as a function of spectator momentum q. Wavepacket results of this figure were obtained via Eq. (57) from the numerical total wave-packet solution of the TDFE (i.e., from the sum of Faddeev components). Same initial wave packet as in Fig. 13. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-inelasticity-parameter-s-for-three-boson-and-a10ad91c.png FIG. 12. Inelasticity parameter |S| for three-boson and threefermion models with the MT-III potential with the narrower momentum-space wave packets as in Figs. 9 and 10. This figure should be contrasted with Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/papers/numerically-exact-time-dependent-study-of-correlated-1rez59t8zm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-same-as-fig-3-except-for-a-larger-range-of-ud-2cx6ou49.png FIG. 4. Same as Fig. 3 except for a larger range of Ud. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-time-dependent-current-i-t-for-different-electron-3hdz7zyw.png FIG. 1. (a) Time-dependent current I(t) for different electron-electron coupling strength Ud and (b) the corresponding electronic population at the bridge state. Other parameters are: αe = 0.2 eV, βe = 1 eV, Ed − Ef = 0.5 eV, and the source-drain voltage V = 0.1V. The inset in panel (a) depicts the stationary current in an enlarged view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-fig-1-except-for-ed-ef-0-1zb5h05e.png FIG. 2. Same as Fig. 1 except for Ed − Ef = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-current-voltage-characteristics-for-different-electron-2ux28qen.png FIG. 8. Current-voltage characteristics for different electron-electron coupling strength Ud. The results are obtained for a model, which includes both electron-electron and electron-vibrational coupling. Other parameters are: αe = 0.2 eV, βe = 1 eV, Ed − Ef = 0. The reorganization energy and characteristic frequency for the vibrational bath are λ = 0.25 eV and ωc = 500 cm−1, respectively. The lines are intended as a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-current-voltage-characteristics-for-different-electron-37q25zqv.png FIG. 5. Current-voltage characteristics for different electron-electron coupling strength Ud. Other parameters are: αe = 0.1 eV, βe = 1 eV, Ed − Ef = 0. The lines are intended as a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-fig-1-except-for-ed-ef-0-5-ev-10tvy7e5.png FIG. 3. Same as Fig. 1 except for Ed − Ef = −0.5 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-the-current-on-the-gate-voltage-the-3adcvsor.png FIG. 6. Dependence of the current on the gate voltage. The electronic parameters are: αe = 0.1 eV, βe = 1 eV, Ud = 0.5 eV, and Ed − Ef = 0 for zero gate voltage. The source-drain voltage is 0.1 V. The line is intended as a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-time-dependent-current-i-t-for-different-electron-yhfp58ck.png FIG. 7. (a) Time-dependent current I(t) for different electron-electron coupling strength Ud and (b) the corresponding electronic population of the bridge state. The results are obtained for a model, which includes both electron-electron and electron-vibrational coupling. For comparison, result for a purely electronic model (i.e., Ud = 0, λ = 0) are shown as indicated in the legend. The source-drain voltage is V = 0.1 V. The electronic parameters are: αe = 0.2 eV, βe = 1 eV, Ed − Ef = 0. The reorganization energy and characteristic frequency for the vibrational bath are λ = 0.25 eV and ωc = 500 cm−1, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/nursing-strategies-to-reduce-the-risk-of-therapeutic-2g0knr7j7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-analysis-from-integrative-literature-review-12w1yd4i.png Table 1 – Studies analysis from integrative literature review https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-eligibility-criteria-34sw2qvj.png Figure 1 – Eligibility criteria https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-articles-classification-according-to-the-level-of-2c10vu57.png Figure 3 – Articles classification according to the level of evidence https://scispace.com/papers/nustar-hard-x-ray-observation-of-the-gamma-ray-binary-1kf54qdaei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nustar-and-xmm-newton-spectral-fitting-results-for-1gxokz5z.png Table 2 NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Spectral Fitting Results for the Three X-Ray Sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xmm-newton-nustar-spectra-of-the-three-hard-x-ray-2zi7z5sk.png Figure 5. XMM-Newton + NuSTAR spectra of the three hard X-ray sources (EPIC-PN: black; module A: red; module B: green) jointly fit by an absorbed power-law model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-background-subtracted-nustar3-30kev-image-overlaid-2zv3awwf.png Figure 1. Background-subtracted NuSTAR3-30keV image overlaid with 20cm radio (cyan) contours of the SNRshell G22.7−0.2 (Helfand et al. 2006). We combined module A and B images after subtracting background models generated by nuskybgd. The image was smoothed by a Gaussian kernel with a 5-pixel (12 5) width. The image shows the X-ray counterpart of HESSJ1832−093 and three other X-ray sources (N1, N2, and N3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-13co-molecular-line-map-at-v-75km-s-1-around-the-1k0sotcu.png Figure 6. 13CO molecular line map at v=75km s−1 around the southern region of the SNR G22.7−0.2 shell (Su et al. 2014). XMMJ183245 and the three hard X-ray sources (N1, N2, and N3) detected by NuSTAR in green circles are overlaid, while other XMM-Newton sources from the 3XMM catalog (Rosen et al. 2016) are indicated by magenta circles. Radio contours tracing the SNR G22.7−0.2 shell are shown in cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-the-nustar3-30kev-x-ray-spectrum-of-xmmj183245-shrpuobm.png Figure 3. Top: the NuSTAR3–30keV X-ray spectrum of XMMJ183245 fitted with an absorbed power-law model. The best-fit model (histogram) and data points (crosses) are shown in the top panel. Residuals from the best-fit model are shown in the lower panel. Bottom: simultaneous fit to Chandra, XMMNewton, and NuSTAR spectra of XMMJ183245, with the column density and power-law index parameters linked. The fitted model is given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-color-nustar-images-in-10-20-red-and-20-30-blue-9490rice.png Figure 2. Two-color NuSTAR images in 10–20 (red) and 20–30 (blue) keV bands. We combined module A and B images after subtracting background models generated by nuskybgd and smoothing by a Gaussian kernel with a 5-pixel (12 5) width. The image was zoomed-in on the X-ray counterpart of HESSJ1832−093 and three other X-ray sources (N1, N2, and N3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectral-results-for-xmmuj183245-0921539-j4ij4e58.png Table 1 Spectral Results for XMMUJ183245−0921539 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-best-fit-2-10-kev-absorbed-fluxes-top-and-x-ray-4kf1zrn8.png Figure 4. Best-fit 2–10 keV absorbed fluxes (top) and X-ray power-law photon indices (bottom) for XMMJ183245obtained from the XMM-Newton, Chandra, and NuSTAR observations. The quoted errors are for the 90% confidence level. Data points are from Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/nutritional-value-bioactive-compounds-antimicrobial-activity-20egtl35z0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-antimicrobial-activity-mic-followed-by-mbc-or-mfc-ug-1u7jtsk4.png Table 4. Antimicrobial activity (MIC followed by MBC or MFC, µg/mL) of mushroom phenolic extracts before and after in vitro digestion, and of in vitro digested mushrooms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demelanizing-activity-of-gallic-acid-against-1gsm0w85.png Figure 1. Demelanizing activity of gallic acid against different fungi at different concentrations: A- 31.25 µg/mL on A. fumigatus, B- 62.5 µg/mL on A. fumigatus, Ccontrol A. fumigatus, D- 62.5 µg/mL on A. niger, E- 125 µg/mL on A. niger, F- control A. niger, G- 15.6 µg/mL on P. funiculosum, H- 31.25 µg/mL on P. funiculosum, I- 62.5 µg/mL on P. funiculosum, J- control P. funiculosum, K- 31.25 µg/mL on P. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-proximate-composition-free-sugars-and-fatty-acids-in-3jaejq35.png Table 1. Proximate composition, free sugars and fatty acids in Volvopluteus gloiocephalus ((DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo) and Clitocybe subconnexa (Murril). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tocopherols-and-organic-acids-in-volvopluteus-2j0b8itw.png Table 2. Tocopherols and organic acids in Volvopluteus gloiocephalus ((DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo) and Clitocybe subconnexa (Murril). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-phenolic-acids-ug-100-g-dw-in-volvopluteus-3u7li6n0.png Table 5. Phenolic acids (µg/100 g dw) in Volvopluteus gloiocephalus and Clitocybe subconnexa (phenolic extract and mushrooms) before and after in vitro digestion. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-macro-and-microelements-in-volvopluteus-3erw9gee.png Table 3. Macro and microelements in Volvopluteus gloiocephalus ((DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo) and Clitocybe subconnexa (Murril). https://scispace.com/papers/oaxacans-like-to-work-bent-over-the-naturalization-of-social-27valtyunm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-field-work-24l8ri5w.png FIGURE 1: SUMMARY OF FIELD WORK https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-labor-hierarchy-on-the-tanaka-farm-3q66oy8j.png FIGURE 2: LABOR HIERARCHY ON THE TANAKA FARM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conceptual-diagram-of-hierarchies-on-the-farm-27czh3wl.png FIGURE 3: CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM OF HIERARCHIES ON THE FARM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-field-work-c4s9qich.png FIGURE 1: SUMMARY OF FIELD WORK https://scispace.com/papers/object-tracking-and-matting-for-a-class-of-dynamic-image-1gevwusf8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-h-tracking-on-the-ball-sequence-using-our-method-23ykz7oh.png Figure 4. (a)-(h) Tracking on the Ball sequence using our method. Image size: 240320× . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-input-image-b-alpha-map-c-d-new-images-of-1g2l4v95.png Figure 5. (a) Input image. (b) alpha map. (c)-(d) New images of compositing extracted foreground over other background scenes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-l-tracking-on-the-dance-sequence-using-our-method-3ieh3sv8.png Figure 3. (a)-(l) Tracking on the Dance sequence using our method. Image size: 576720× . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-compression-results-for-ibr-objects-dance-23cecizk.png Figure 6. Compression results for IBR objects Dance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tracking-result-of-global-based-method-the-girls-2fli3q9j.png Figure 2. Tracking result of global-based method, the girl’s right hand is outside the curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-linear-camera-arrays-each-consists-of-6-jvc-qd23byzm.png Figure 1. Two linear camera arrays, each consists of 6 JVC video cameras https://scispace.com/papers/oblique-surface-cracking-and-crack-closure-in-an-orthotropic-4kflra6dzd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-an-example-of-other-closure-modes-jg4rmva5.png Figure 4.2 An Example of Other Closure Modes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-26-effect-of-elastic-modulus-ratio-e2-e1-on-mixed-22brcaak.png Figure 3.26 Effect of Elastic Modulus Ratio E2/E1 on Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factors for Inclined Edge Crack in Orthotropic Half-Plane Loaded by Triangular Punch for Plane Strain Case and Fully Open Crack Assumption, ( ) = 1, Crack Angle 9 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-13-effect-of-variation-on-mixed-mode-stress-die86n3c.png Figure 3.13 Effect of ( ) Variation on Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factors for Inclined Edge Crack in Orthotropic Half-Plane of Plasma Sprayed Alumina Loaded by Flat Punch for Plane Strain Case and Fully Open Crack Assumption, Crack Angle 12, 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-40-effect-of-elastic-modulus-ratio-e3-e1-on-mixed-3h5hkxj9.png Figure 3.40 Effect of Elastic Modulus Ratio E3/E1 on Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factors for Inclined Edge Crack in Orthotropic Half-Plane Loaded by Circular Punch for Plane Strain Case and Fully Open Crack Assumption, ( ) = 1, Crack Angle 9 0.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-45-a-effect-of-elastic-modulus-ratio-e2-e1-for-9-b-1fsl0d7c.png Figure 3.45 a) Effect of Elastic Modulus Ratio E2/E1 for 9 b) Effect of Crack Angle Variation on Mode II SIF‟s for Inclined Edge Crack in Orthotropic Half-Plane Loaded by Flat Punch for Plane Strain Case, ( ) = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-35-effect-of-variation-on-mixed-mode-stress-dnzzv5dt.png Figure 3.35 Effect of ( ) Variation on Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factors for Inclined Edge Crack in Orthotropic Half-Plane of Plasma Sprayed Alumina Loaded by Circular Punch for Plane Strain Case and Fully Open Crack Assumption, Crack Angle 12, 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6-sample-pressure-distributions-for-plane-stress-17menjpb.png Figure 2.6 Sample Pressure Distributions for Plane Stress Case, = 0.6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-18-effect-of-elastic-modulus-ratio-e3-e1-on-mixed-1a4u04jf.png Figure 3.18 Effect of Elastic Modulus Ratio E3/E1 on Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factors for Inclined Edge Crack in Orthotropic Half-Plane Loaded by Flat Punch for Plane Strain Case and Fully Open Crack Assumption, ( ) = 1, Crack Angle 9 0.4. https://scispace.com/papers/oblivious-transfer-and-linear-functions-2o0tw4pgjd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-protocol-ot2uot-for-rand1-2-ot-3ghduib9.png Fig. 2. Protocol OT2UOT for Rand1-2 OT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distributions-pb0b1w-w-and-pb0b1dw-w-2qb9gdk1.png Fig. 1. Distributions PB0B1W (·, ·, w) and PB0B1DW (·, ·, ·, w) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-reduction-parameters-3q06sc77.png Fig. 3. Comparison of the reduction parameters https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-intensity-statistics-of-light-transmitted-elnsxt3f9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histograms-of-the-total-transmission-sa-for-a-if-and-b-2ftkb4gs.png Fig. 3. Histograms of the total transmission sa for (a) IF and (b) OF, for ZnO samples A (dots, red), B (open dots, black), and C (open diamonds, blue). Lines: Gaussian fits. Variances of distributions are shown in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wide-figure-a-c-histograms-of-the-intensity-2tmb6sba.png Fig. 2. [wide figure] (a-c) Histograms of the intensity distribution P (sab) of fields transmitted through samples labeled A-C. Data points: Mean of normalized histograms of six different datasets captured IF (open dots, red) and OF (diamonds, black). Error bars: standard error of the normalized histograms based on pixel counts. Dashed line, green: Rayleigh statistics with reduced contrast c obtained from moment fits. Solid line, blue: Plot of Eq. 1 with g from fits of (d-f). (d-f) Moments of the intensity distributions of transmitted fields for IF (open dots, red) and OF (diamonds, black) configurations. Dashed line, green: Fits of first 5 OF moments using Rayleigh theory with reduced contrast c as indicated in figures. Solid line, blue: Fits of IF moments with Eq. 2 for g = 35± 4 (d), g = 65± 8 (e) and g = 57± 7 (f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-hene-laser-l-632-8-nm-p-5-mw-zno-3h6gmy8g.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup. HeNe: laser (=λ =632.8 nm, P= 5 mW). ZnO: sample. Objective 1: 100× 0.9-NA objective. Objective 2: 100× 1.3-NA oil immersion objective. L: 200 mm focal length lens. P: polarizer. CCD: camera sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fitted-values-of-g-obtained-from-moments-of-spatial-14yns0uj.png Table 1. Fitted values of g obtained from moments of spatial intensity distribution, and measured variances of the intensity distributions for samples A-C. Error bars denote standard error of mean taken over 6 data sets for each sample. P-value indicates the statistical significance of the deviation of the var(sab)/var(sa) ratio from 2, obtained using a Student’s t-test. https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-light-induced-dynamical-band-structure-via-40a6z61hfn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamical-band-structure-a-first-blue-and-second-25c4v5m8.png Figure 4: Dynamical band structure. a, First (blue) and second (yellow) band gaps, ϵc1,v and ϵc2,v, for 0 ◦ (right) and 25◦ (left) orientations, as a function of k/kc (kc = 2π/a, where a the lattice constant). b, Harmonic 20 oscillation phase as function of crystal orientation, for different fundamental field intensities (light green to dark green). c, Calculated oscillation phase of H20 as function of the crystal’s orientation, for different fundamental field intensities (light green to dark green) d, The oscillation phase difference ,Φ20 −Φ19, at 0 ◦ orientation as function of the fundamental field intensities. Inset: Φ18 − Φ17 (pink) plot and Φ22 − Φ21 (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-all-optical-spectroscopy-of-dynamical-band-3pu3v175.png Figure 1: All optical spectroscopy of dynamical band structure. a, Nonadiabatic Landau-Dykhne transition between a pair of bands. b, Two color HHG spectroscopy probes the internal dynamics, mapping the temporal properties of electron trajectories, transitions between the bands as well as their laser driven modifications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probing-the-structural-dependence-of-multiple-35x8ta99.png Figure 3: Probing the structural dependence of multiple conduction bands a, The oscillation phase as a function of harmonic number, for different crystal orientation, ranging from 0◦ (dark blue) to 45◦ (cyan) . The dash line marks the cutoff of the first conduction band and the dash box emphasizes H21 oscillation phases for different orientation, plotted at b. b, Harmonic 21 (purple) and harmonic 11 (gray) oscillation phase as a function of crystal orientation. c, top: 2D second band gap, ϵc2,v = ϵc2 − ϵv, as function of crystal momentum. The purple contour represents harmonic 21 energy along different crystal’s orientation. bottom: 2D first band gap, ϵc1,v = ϵc1,v−ϵv, as function of crystal momentum. The gray contour represents harmonic 11 energy along different crystal’s orientation. d, 1D cut of the second (yellow) and first (blue) band gap along 10◦ and 45◦ crystal orientation. The energy of Harmonic 21 and 11 is presented by the purple and gray dash lines as well as their crossing point with the band gaps (cross markers). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hhg-spectroscopy-beyond-the-semi-classical-mdv86kpt.png Figure 2: HHG spectroscopy beyond the semi-classical description a,c HHG spectrum (black line) and the oscillation phase (red dots) as function of photon energy for crystals orientations of 0◦(a) and 45◦(c). Calculated oscillation phase using the saddle point approximation in interband model [31] (purple star markers). b, The valence and the first conduction band for 0◦ (Γ to X) and for 45◦ (Γ to K). The yellow shaded area emphasizes the energy range where the semiclassical description fails [21], also marked at the corresponding photon energies in a and c (dashed yellow line). https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-backaction-evading-measurement-of-an-optical-3814rbfc9g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-combined-noise-levels-with-6-db-attenuation-of-the-cep9ts70.png FIG. 3. Combined noise levels with 6-dB attenuation of the meter photocurrent. These curves are corrected for the amplifier noises, and normalized so that 0 dB corresponds to the shot-noise level of the signal alone. The diAerenced photocurrent goes 0.8 dB below the combined shot-noise level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-noise-levels-recorded-while-the-cavity-is-swept-over-a-i878qjqc.png FIG. 2. Noise levels recorded while the cavity is swept over a noise sideband of the meter beam. The spectrum analyzer is set to zero-frequency span, 14-MHz center frequency, 100- k Hz radio-frequency bandwidth, 300-Hz video bandwidth. Curves a and b are respectively the signal and meter noises, recorded separately. Other curves are the minimum and maximum noise levels of the combined photocurrents, obtained by adding or subtracting the signal and meter photocurrents. Curves c and d correspond to a one-photon detuning 5 = —1.75 GHz and a two-photon detuning 6= —1 GHz, while curves e and f are obtained for 6=+2.25 GHz and b = —1 GHz, with a cavity sweep 10 times slower (video bandwidth 30 Hz). https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-photon-echoes-from-evanescently-coupled-rare-45g9u91sx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-photon-echo-intensity-as-a-function-of-87erzwbd.png FIG. 4 (color online). Photon echo intensity as a function of the delay time τ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-absorption-spectrum-of-the-0-005-gi1nblwi.png FIG. 3 (color online). The absorption spectrum of the 0.005% Pr3þ∶Y2SiO5 substrate probed by the evanescent field from light guided in the thin TeO2 film waveguide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-crystalline-axes-relative-to-the-film-1hd3is3s.png FIG. 2 (color online). (a) Crystalline axes relative to the film deposition. (b) The electric field amplitude Ex of the fundamental TE mode supported by the 400-nm TeO2 film waveguide on a Pr3þ∶Y2SiO5 crystal substrate. (c) Experimental setup inside the cryostat used to perform the characterization of the TeO2 on Pr3þ∶Y2SiO5 waveguide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-stimulated-echo-intensity-as-a-function-cqrn94ip.png FIG. 5 (color online). Stimulated echo intensity as a function of the delay between writing and probing the grating. The measured decay time of the echo amplitude Tg ¼ 9.8 0.3 s is representative of the lifetime (T1) of a subset of the hyperfine spin states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-simple-example-of-a-device-utilizing-2hgctpsy.png FIG. 1 (color online). A simple example of a device utilizing the proposed architecture for integrated rare-earth-ion quantum systems. Electrodes are incorporated with a waveguide-based platform to control individual components through the linear Stark shift of the ions. Two photon echo devices are shown in (a). When the voltage is switched from low to high, the ions are shifted from f0 into resonance with the excitation laser frequency flaser (b). Panels (c) and (d) show an indicative time evolution of the applied voltage and waveguide output for the two photon echo devices. In (d) the absorption of the π=2 and π pulses decreases the output intensity and the photon echoes modulate the waveguide output because the coherent emission is at f0. https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-two-photon-absorption-induced-soliton-fission-23ebz6dz7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-b-experimental-spectra-blue-measured-at-the-output-2gtz5c6k.png Fig. 1 (a,b) Experimental spectra (blue) measured at the output of (a) the 650 nm wide waveguide and (b) the 575 nm wide waveguide. Also shown are the simulation results of the full model (red) as well as the model without carrier effects, the Raman response function and self-steepening (green). (c,d) Evolution of the pulse profile during propagation along the 575nm waveguide as predicted by simulations (c) of the full model and (d) with TPA as the lone perturbation to the NLSE. Note that linear losses are included. https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-tev-gamma-rays-from-the-unidentified-source-4mjjd35d47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-significance-map-around-hess-j1841-055-as-observed-3c1djide.png Figure 1. Significance map around HESS J1841−055 as observed by the ARGO-YBJ experiment. The two ellipses for HESS J1841−055 and HESS J1837−069 indicate their positions and the 68% and 90% contours of their extension regions (Aharonian et al. 2008). The position and possible extension of HESS J1843−33 are marked with ellipses (Hoppe 2007). The stars mark the location of the GeV γ -ray sources around HESS J1841−055 in the second Fermi-LAT catalog (Nolan et al. 2012). The solid line indicates the Galactic plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-zoom-of-figure-1-around-hess-j1841-055-the-squares-th2l6asy.png Figure 4. Zoom of Figure 1 around HESS J1841−055. The squares and the dashed circle indicate the position of the candidates reported in Aharonian et al. (2008). The circles indicate the two event clusters found in Neronov & Semikoz (2010) at energies above 100 GeV. The ellipses and stars are the same as in Figure 1. The solid line indicates the Galactic plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-energy-density-spectrum-of-hess-j1841-055-as-206w9fiw.png Figure 3. Energy density spectrum of HESS J1841−055 as measured by the ARGO-YBJ experiment: the solid line and shaded area indicate the differential energy spectrum and the 1 s.d. error region. The spectrum measured by HESS (Aharonian et al. 2008) is also reported for comparison. Only statistical errors are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-th2-for-the-number-of-excess-events-3rftdz5t.png Figure 2. Distribution of θ2 for the number of excess events around HESS J1841−055. The filled region outlines the best fit to simulated data assuming a symmetrical two-dimensional Gaussian shape with σ = 0.◦40. https://scispace.com/papers/observations-of-ionospheric-heating-during-the-passage-of-4wfaory8j6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-the-esr-ti-cir-dynamic-cumulative-distribution-1r66xex5.png Figure 4. (top) The ESR Ti CIR dynamic cumulative distribution function for the entire IPY period, 1 March 2007 to 29 February 2008. Thin lines separating colors, represent deciles while the three thick lines represent quartiles of the cdf. (bottom) The PFISR Ti-CIR cdf for the entire IPY period, 1 March 2007 to 29 February 2008. Thin lines, separating colors, represent deciles while the three tick lines represent quartiles of the cdf. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bottom-to-top-the-pfisr-ti-esr-ti-kp-and-solar-wind-1hkxbnzy.png Figure 3. (bottom to top) The PFISR Ti, ESR Ti, Kp and solar wind speed for a CIR on 7 May 2007. A vertical dashed line at 1317 UT on 7 May is the CIR epoch time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bottom-esr-and-middle-pfisr-ti-at-300-km-2ncm3bh1.png Figure 2. (bottom) ESR and (middle) PFISR Ti at 300 km observations from day 115 to 155, 2007 and (top) the Kp three hourly index over the same period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-both-pfisr-and-esr-o-in-a-magnetic-vh31ako2.png Figure 1. Locations of both PFISR (+) and ESR (o) in a magnetic dipole latitude MLT polar diagram. The shaded region corresponds to auroral energy fluxes exceeding 0.8 ergs/cm2s from the Hardy et al. [1987] model for Kp = 3. https://scispace.com/papers/observation-of-the-decay-b0-lc-pp0-vjsynkvy8h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-efficiency-corrected-distribution-of-the-9buqb65f.png FIG. 4 (color online). Efficiency corrected distribution of the invariant mass mð þc pÞ; points are signal data events; histogram shows signal MC events assuming phase space distribution normalized to the number of data events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-efficiency-corrected-mes-distribution-for-b-0-thc-p-0-uax8vcuv.png FIG. 3. Efficiency-corrected mES distribution for B 0 ! þc p 0 (data points). The result of the fit (solid line) and the background estimate (dashed line) is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fitted-mes-distribution-without-efficiency-correction-3dqo3ze7.png FIG. 2. Fitted mES distribution without efficiency correction (data points); the result of the fit (solid line) and the background estimate (dashed line) is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-e-distribution-for-data-signal-events-3vvbi2lm.png FIG. 1 (color online). E distribution for data signal events after all selection cuts (data points) and signal MC events (histogram) normalized to the number of data signal events; signal events are obtained from binwise mES fits; dashed lines show the range used for mES distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-the-invariant-mass-of-the-thc-0-system-2c3mjzhj.png FIG. 5. Distribution of the invariant mass of the þc 0 system in the region where the þc ð2455Þ resonance is expected; points are for data with mES > 5:272 GeV=c 2, the curve shows the fit. https://scispace.com/papers/observations-of-radio-giant-pulses-with-gavrt-2et9hus1xv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-giant-pulse-captured-at-dss-28-note-3mv9tlts.png FIGURE 1. Example of a giant pulse captured at DSS-28. Note the 8 GHz instantaneous bandwidth. The panel to the left of the dynamic spectrum shows the average spectrum of the on-pulse region relative to the off-pulse region. The top and right panels show the intensity time series for each of the 8 subbands. The vertical dotted lines show the on-pulse region. The vertical scale of each of the right panels has been automatically set for each subband. This pulse occured at the rotational phase of the main pulse. https://scispace.com/papers/observations-of-the-ophiuroids-from-the-west-antarctic-1876e67ymo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-proportion-of-species-in-each-genus-of-the-23uxaqft.png Fig. 3. Relative proportion of species in each genus of the family Ophiolepididae from the Scotia Sea. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relative-proportion-of-species-in-each-genus-of-the-13w5dct7.png Fig. 2. Relative proportion of species in each genus of the families Ophiacanthidae (Ophiacantha, Ophiocamax, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-accumulation-curves-indicating-the-sampling-effort-of-rkuey8s3.png Fig. 6. Accumulation curves indicating the sampling effort of each location and how this relates to the expected number of species at each location. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-west-antarctic-sector-of-the-southern-ocean-25mcxyis.png Fig. 1. Map of the West Antarctic sector of the Southern Ocean. The circles identify each sampling station. The dashed areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-proportions-of-species-in-each-genus-of-the-1al8fdih.png Fig. 4. Relative proportions of species in each genus of the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-proportions-of-species-in-each-genus-of-the-3n1ysnjs.png Fig. 5. Relative proportions of species in each genus of the family Ophiuridae from the Scotia Sea (top), Marguerite Bay (bottom left) and Amundsen Sea (bottom right). https://scispace.com/papers/observing-broken-inversion-symmetry-in-solids-using-two-30gf9owbu9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-color-interferometry-with-a-polarization-jzyxsdy7.png FIG. 4. Two-color interferometry with a polarization-integrating spectrometer. (a) Measured HHG spectra of α-quartz as a function of the delay between the fundamental and second-harmonic pulse, using a polarization-integrating EUV spectrometer. The crystal is oriented such that the laser polarization is parallel to the -M direction. The red box marks the area that will be reproduced by the semiclassical transport theory (b)–(d). (b), (c) Simulated HHG spectra of α-quartz as a function of the delay between the fundamental and secondharmonic pulses, for parallel and perpendicular polarizations, respectively. (d) Incoherent superposition of the two-color interferograms generated in (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-complex-beating-patterns-reproduced-using-3mas8zzi.png FIG. 3. Complex beating patterns reproduced using semiclassical transport theory. (a) Simulated HHG spectra of fused silica as a function of the delay between the fundamental and second-harmonic pulse. The input is the linearly polarized ultrashort electric field with a pulse duration of 30 fs and a carrier wavelength of 800 nm. (b), (c) Simulated HHG spectra of α-quartz as a function of the delay between the fundamental and second-harmonic pulses. The model mimics the orientation such that the incident laser polarization is parallel to the (b) -K and (c) -M directions, respectively. HHG spectra emitted in parallel and perpendicular directions are shown correspondingly. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distinctive-beating-patterns-in-two-color-38eewbni.png FIG. 2. Distinctive beating patterns in two-color interferometry reveal the complex manifestations of broken inversion symmetry in solids. (a) Measured HHG spectra of polycrystalline SiO2 as a function of the delay between the fundamental and second-harmonic pulse. The linearly polarized fundamental laser pulse has a pulse duration of 30 fs and a carrier wavelength of 800 nm. (b), (c) Measured HHG spectra of α-quartz as a function of the delay between the fundamental and second-harmonic pulses. The α-quartz sample is oriented such that the incident laser polarization is parallel to the (b) -K and (c) -M directions, respectively. The EUV polarizer is aligned parallel or perpendicular to the polarization direction of the driving field as indicated. The intensity of the second-harmonic pulse is set to 10−3 times that of the fundamental pulse. Each harmonic is normalized individually. The delay offsets (absolute phases) are arbitrary. Dashed white lines denote one fundamental laser period. https://scispace.com/papers/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-in-the-community-12-month-1ay57f8dj1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-previous-epidemiological-studies-estimating-3fi6lg3c.png Table 1: Previous epidemiological studies estimating impairment and health care use in subjects with subthreshold OCD https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sociodemographic-correlates-of-ocd-subthreshold-ocd-3k3386ln.png Table 2: Sociodemographic correlates of OCD, subthreshold OCD and OCS (12-month prevalences if correlate present [weighted data]) https://scispace.com/papers/observed-mean-sea-level-changes-around-the-north-sea-53gof8puuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-se-2qkm2cnz.png Fig. 1. ( mean se https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-b-runn-2g93k79m.png Fig. 12. (b) runn https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-purpose-b-runn-21jsu1y7.png Fig. 10. purpose (b) runn https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-baseline-with-sta-construc-2oz79b8q.png Fig. 6. baseline with sta construc https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-s-entire-r-xzibskkb.png Fig. 3. S (entire r https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-correcti-geologi-woodw-average-2pn0snce.png Fig. 9. correcti Geologi Woodw average https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-re-inclu-and-smo-first-diff-3kfo5jct.png Fig. 11. re-inclu and smo first diff https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-c-the-msl-level-ar-1kmelxy2.png Fig. 8. C the MSL level) ar https://scispace.com/papers/obstacle-avoidance-cell-discovery-using-mm-waves-directive-17581dbh7h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-enhanced-discovery-procedure-edp-estimated-3up99aq3.png Fig. 2: Example of Enhanced Discovery Procedure (EDP). Estimated user location is (x0, y0) and two obstacles are placed in the area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-successful-memory-accesses-when-9-obstacles-26metz9c.png Fig. 5: Number of successful memory accesses when 9 obstacles are placed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-heterogenous-system-architecture-with-a-c-u-plane-l306c0z1.png Fig. 1: Heterogenous system architecture with a C-/U-plane function split. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-number-of-discovery-attempts-switches-where-2u1ycbkh.png Fig. 4: Average number of discovery attempts (switches) where DGS and EDP are provided with perfect context information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-number-of-discovery-attempts-switches-in-an-1657dxxq.png Fig. 3: Average number of discovery attempts (switches) in an obstacle-free network scenario where DGS and EDP are implemented. https://scispace.com/papers/obstacles-to-high-dimensional-particle-filtering-177aszoy4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-ensemble-sizene-as-a-function-ofnx-or-ny-such-swh38ygt.png Figure 3. The ensemble sizeNe as a function ofNx (or Ny) such that maxwi averaged over 400 realizations is less than 0.6 (plus signs), 0.7 (circles) and 0.8 (asterisks) in the simple example considered in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ensemble-sizene-as-a-function-ofnx-or-ny-3qafw5qx.png Figure 2. The ensemble sizeNe as a function ofNx (or Ny) required if the posterior mean estimated by the particle filter is to have average squared error less than the prior or observations, in the simple example considered in the text. Asterisks show the simulation results, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histograms-of-maxwi-for-nx-10-30-100-andne-103-from-kfak4iqo.png Figure 1. Histograms of maxwi for Nx = 10, 30, 100 andNe = 103 from the particle-filter simulations described in text [Ne = 103, x ∼ N (0, I), Ny = Nx, H = I andǫ∼ N (0, I)]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evaluation-of-19-against-simulations-in-the-casel2j-1wyfs3kh.png Figure 5. Evaluation of (19) against simulations in the caseλ2j = cj θ, j = 1, . . . , Ny. The pa- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evaluation-of-19-against-simulations-in-the-casel2j-3dde713c.png Figure 4. Evaluation of (19) against simulations in the caseλ2j = 1, j = 1, . . . , Ny. For each of 60 (Ny, Ne) pairs as detailed in the text,E(1/w(Ne)) was estimated from an average of 1000 realizations of the particle-filter update. The best-fit line to the data, given byE(1/w(Ne)) − https://scispace.com/papers/occupant-response-during-a-residential-highrise-fire-1lwrrupuds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-occupant-response-to-fire-25iak68z.png TABLE 3: Occupant Response to Fire https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-distribution-of-respondents-m3xjdkky.png TABLE 1: Age Distribution of Respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-smoke-colour-7p2gn5gq.png TABLE 2: Smoke Colour https://scispace.com/papers/occupational-segregation-and-the-gender-wage-gap-in-private-25ukrjlxuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-natural-logarithm-of-the-gender-wage-ratio-by-11ld0hj3.png FIGURE 1 Natural Logarithm of the Gender Wage Ratio by Sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-occupational-segregation-across-the-distribution-of-gloxe24v.png FIGURE 3 Occupational Segregation across the Distribution of Wages, by Sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reports-wage-levels-in-2001-aud-both-at-the-mean-and-kh7hpcpo.png Table 1 reports wage levels (in 2001 AUD) both at the mean and at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the wage distribution separately by gender and labour market sector. Standard errors have been bootstrapped (with 5000 repetitions) to account for the dependency among observations arising from the fact that we have multiple observations per individual. Specifically in Table 1—and in all of our subsequent results—we implement the bootstrap by sampling with replacement individuals rather than observations.10 The results indicate that on average the women in our sample who are employed in the public sector earn almost $3.00 less per hour than men ($20.96 versus $23.82 per hour). The gender wage gap is somewhat larger in the private sector ($3.62) despite the fact that average hourly wages are lower for both men ($20.82) and women ($17.20). As expected, however, average wages tell us very https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unconditional-gender-wage-gap-across-the-wage-bwkbfs4y.png Table 1 reports wage levels (in 2001 AUD) both at the mean and at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the wage distribution separately by gender and labour market sector. Standard errors have been bootstrapped (with 5000 repetitions) to account for the dependency among observations arising from the fact that we have multiple observations per individual. Specifically in Table 1—and in all of our subsequent results—we implement the bootstrap by sampling with replacement individuals rather than observations.10 The results indicate that on average the women in our sample who are employed in the public sector earn almost $3.00 less per hour than men ($20.96 versus $23.82 per hour). The gender wage gap is somewhat larger in the private sector ($3.62) despite the fact that average hourly wages are lower for both men ($20.82) and women ($17.20). As expected, however, average wages tell us very https://scispace.com/papers/occupational-therapy-and-multidisciplinary-working-on-acute-wxv0evkfim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-gender-ethnicity-and-experience-of-participants-2hzauupy.png Table 1: Age, gender, ethnicity and experience of participants https://scispace.com/papers/occurrence-of-internal-cavity-in-pineapple-fruits-in-the-1brw6sklgn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-symptoms-of-early-and-irregular-ripening-in-a-2lux1w9k.png Figure 3. Symptoms of early and irregular ripening in a pineapple fruit of Pérola variety (Acre, Brazil). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-symptoms-of-early-and-irregular-ripening-in-a-20rjfclz.png Figure 1. Symptoms of early and irregular ripening in a pineapple fruit of Abacaxi de Tarauacá variety (Acre, Brazil). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-symptoms-of-early-and-irregular-ripening-in-a-3l7t1w08.png Figure 2. Symptoms of early and irregular ripening in a pineapple fruit of Quinari variety (Acre, Brazil). https://scispace.com/papers/occurrence-of-chilodonella-hexasticha-ciliophora-protista-on-3lj80dfbpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3iw7ux2e.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-chemical-parameters-of-the-water-from-1av37yuk.png Table 1. Physical and chemical parameters of the water from the Belosavac fish farm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1t5gnlgu.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1b2gh5nu.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-parasites-occurring-on-rainbow-trout-1tmksksx.png Table 2. Prevalence of parasites occurring on rainbow trout from the Belosavac fish farm. https://scispace.com/papers/occurrence-of-sustained-droughts-in-the-interior-pacific-259xzxnw78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-fig-1-but-for-ssds-21eg6lkx.png FIG. 2. Same as Fig. 1 but for SSDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temporal-occurrence-of-ssds-for-each-of-the-18-2cxrd9pw.png FIG. 4. Temporal occurrence of SSDs for each of the 18 chronologies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temporal-occurrence-of-msds-for-each-of-the-18-39d82hgc.png FIG. 3. Temporal occurrence of MSDs for each of the 18 chronologies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-spring-temperature-8c-for-18-3-18-grids-in-6ur125hh.png TABLE 4. Mean spring temperature (8C) for 18 3 18 grids in Oregon, based on averages from 1971 to 2000. Numbers shown parenthetically represent number of stations used for averages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-duration-of-sustained-droughts-i-e-minimum-two-25ps6l0s.png TABLE 2. Duration of sustained droughts (i.e., minimum two consecutive years) based on 1930s drought period. Median beginning and ending periods for droughts are shown in bold for both moderate (index ,0.8) and severe (index ,0.6) criteria. Mean drought lengths (no. of consecutive years/no. chronologies) are shown parenthetically. Sites that did not experience sustained droughts are marked with NA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-700-hpa-heights-bold-lines-tens-of-meters-for-3dl5daxh.png FIG. 5. Mean 700-hPa heights (bold lines, tens of meters) for spring for period 1947–80 excluding eight severe drought years. Thin lines indicate height anomalies (tens of meters) based on mean of the eight severe drought years. Approximate boundaries of the study area are outlined by a dashed pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spring-700-hpa-height-data-anomalies-m-for-severe-39cao10e.png TABLE 3. Spring 700-hPa height data anomalies (m) for severe drought years (n 5 8) compared to all other years (n 5 26) by 58 3 58 grid coordinates. Numbers in bold indicate significance ( p , 0.05) between severe drought and other years (two-tailed t test, unequal variance). Italicized numbers are interpolated based on surrounding actual data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-site-details-mean-sensitivity-and-frequency-of-msds-o4q11bin.png TABLE 1. Site details, mean sensitivity, and frequency of MSDs and SSDs for each chronology. Data in bold type represent means for each region. https://scispace.com/papers/oceanographic-investigations-in-the-northern-bering-sea-and-38hh7g06jv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-current-velocity-at-a-depth-of-5-meters-at-2ut34udy.png Figure 19. Current velocity at a depth of 5 meters at stations occupied by LSCGC STATEN ISLAND, 8-19 July 1968. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distribution-of-salinity-o-along-section-f-f-from-2lhwrv6r.png Figure 11. Distribution of salinity (%o) along section F-F', from USCGC STATEN ISLAND data of 13-14 July 1968. Contour interval 0.5%,. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-distribution-of-dissolved-oxvgcn-inl-l-along-15woqmia.png Figure 21. Distribution of dissolved oxvgcn (inl/l) along soclion H-lf. from LSCGC STATEN ISLAND data of 8-11 July 1968. Contour interval 0.5 nil/I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-distribution-of-dissolved-oxvgen-ml-l-along-38c2aw5k.png Figure 22. Distribution of dissolved oxvgen (ml/l) along section G-C, from LSCGC STATEN ISLAND data of 11-12 July 1968. Contour interval 0.5 ml/1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-distribution-of-temperature-c-along-section-f-f-cwnpy8rd.png Figure 5. Distribution of temperature ("C) along section F-F'. from LSCGC STATEN ISLAND data of 13-14 Julj 1968. Contour interval l-O'C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-itinprruiiir-deg-iiloiic-i-etion-e-3q4t7pom.png Figure 6. Distribution of Itinprruiiir)' (°<.) iiloiic .i-etion E-F,', from DSCCC STATEN ISLAND data of 15-16 Jul) 1968. Coiiloiir iiitrr>al LO'C. https://scispace.com/papers/oculomotor-freezing-indicates-conscious-detection-free-of-35f1z94rlu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-payoff-matrix-for-each-condition-this-table-lists-qviaoovu.png Table 3: Payoff matrix. For each condition, this table lists the number of points that can be won (positive values) or lost (negative values) for each type of response. The neutral condition was only used in the initial staircase blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effects-of-perceptual-report-on-microsaccade-rates-3t5ps0aw.png Table 2: Effects of perceptual report on microsaccade rates, expressed as modulation indices. The columns labeled “Modulation index” contain the mean, with standard error across participants in parentheses. The 95% CIs are derived from bootstrapping. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-explicit-reports-in-each-condition-of-each-21pw1k95.png Table 1: Explicit reports in each condition of each experiment. The first two columns list the across-subject mean values, with the standard error in parentheses. The column labeled “Diff” is the average (and SEM) difference: liberal – conservative. The final column is the 95% bootstrapped confidence interval (CI) of the difference. When a CI excludes 0, we conclude there is a significant effect of the bias condition. d' and β are sensitivity and bias measures assuming unequal variance of sensory evidence on target-present and target-absent trials (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bias-manipulations-do-not-affect-overall-1egnf3ps.png Figure 2: Bias manipulations do not affect overall microsaccade rates on targetpresent and target-absent trials. (a,b) Mean microsaccade rates as a function of time relative to target onset in Experiments 1, for target-absent trials (dotted lines) and targetpresent trials (solid lines). The horizontal lines at the bottom of each plot indicate time points when the rate on target-present trials is significantly different from the rate on target-absent trials (corrected p<0.05). The gray region of the background indicates the time window when the rate was significantly reduced on target-present trials in both conditions. (c) Mean microsaccade rates on target-absent trials in the time window between 0 and 500 ms. Format as in Figure 1a. (d) Mean microsaccade rates on target-present trials in the time windows with significant inhibition in both conditions (shaded portions in panels a and b). There are no significant effects of bias condition. (e) Oculomotor sensitivity (o’), a measure of the difference in microsaccade rates between target-present and target-absent trials over the entire interval 0 to 500 ms. There are no significant effects of bias condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-microsaccade-rate-signatures-as-a-function-of-bias-261wu990.png Figure 3: Microsaccade rate signatures as a function of bias condition and explicit report outcome. (a) Mean rates as a function of time on target absent trials, separated by bias condition and by whether the participant reported target absent (correct reject trials, dark lines) or target present (false alarm trials, bright lines). Note there are very few false alarm trials in the conservative condition (bright red lines) (b) The mean modulation indices comparing microsaccade rates on correct reject trials and false alarm trials, integrated over 0 to 500 ms (shaded interval in panel a). Format as in Figure 1a, except the error bars are bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals to highlight significant deviations from zero. The overall effect of perceptual report is significant, and marginally higher on conservative than liberal trials. (c) Mean microsaccade rates on target present trials, separated by bias condition and by whether the participant reported target absent (miss trials, dark lines) or reported target present (hit trials, bright lines). (d) The mean indices comparing microsaccade rates on miss and hit trials, integrated over the intervals with significant stimulus-induced inhibition (shaded in panel c). Microsaccade rates are significantly lower on hit than miss trials, and that effect is significantly larger on conservative than liberal trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bias-manipulations-affect-explicit-perceptual-36wgqt21.png Figure 1: Bias manipulations affect explicit perceptual reports. (a) The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) showing individual z-transformed hit and false alarm rates. The two black lines with slope 1 are the predictions of an equal-variance model for each experiment (Expt. 1 is the upper black line). The data have slopes consistently less than one, suggesting that the distribution of sensory evidence has higher variance when the target is present rather than absent. (b) Signal detection models that account for the empirical hit and false alarm rates. These show probability distributions of sensory evidence E on targetabsent trials (light gray distributions) and target-present trials (darker distributions). The standard deviations of the target-present distributions were derived from the average ROC slopes in panel a. The blue and red vertical lines are the mean empirical criteria (computed from false alarm rates) in the liberal and conservative conditions, respectively. (c) Individual participants’ detection sensitivity d’, assuming that the sensory evidence distributions have unequal variance as modeled in panel b. Experiment 1 is in filled circles, Experiment 2 in open circles. Thin gray lines connect points from the same participant. The horizontal positions of individual data points are jittered to avoid total overlap, but points from the same participant have the same relative jitter. The horizontal lines represent the means, with error bars spanning the 68% bootstrapped confidence interval (approx. ±1SEM). (d) Individual participants’ decision bias computed as β for each participant, again assuming unequal variance. Format as in panel c. Horizontal dotted lines are the optimal β for each condition (dark blue = liberal; light red = conservative). https://scispace.com/papers/octet-baryon-electromagnetic-form-factors-in-nuclear-medium-1ixal6b6z0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-same-as-the-caption-of-fig-4-but-for-s-the-33k7rjdm.png Figure 9. Same as the caption of FIG. 4, but for Σ−. The experimental magnetic moment is shown by the (red) dot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electromagnetic-interaction-with-the-baryon-b-z8pgmk4y.png Figure 1. Electromagnetic interaction with the baryon B within the one-pion loop level through the intermediate baryon states B′. A diagram including a contact vertex γπBB′, as described in [26], is not represented explicitly, since the isospin structure is the same as diagram (a). See [26] for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nucleon-electric-form-factors-calculated-in-lattice-2su8gmbg.png Figure 2. Nucleon electric form factors calculated in lattice, the present model (solid line), and the model from [27] (dashed line). For the physical point mπ = 138 MeV, only the contributions from the core are included (without the pion cloud). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-super-ratios-in-nuclear-matter-calculated-for-the-ub8530py.png Figure 14. Super-ratios in nuclear matter calculated for the proton (left) and neutron (right). Data for proton are from [4, 5, 6]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-modification-of-the-pbb-coupling-constants-in-2gwp93lp.png Table 4. Modification of the πBB′ coupling constants in nuclear matter with ρ0 = 0.15 fm−3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nucleon-form-factors-fitted-at-the-physical-point-vrdkmwlu.png Figure 3. Nucleon form factors fitted at the physical point compared with the experimental data. The bands represent the pion cloud contributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-same-as-the-caption-of-fig-4-but-for-s-the-dyiii51f.png Figure 7. Same as the caption of FIG. 4, but for Σ+. The experimental magnetic moment is shown by the (red) dot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-the-caption-of-fig-4-but-for-l-the-glntxonj.png Figure 6. Same as the caption of FIG. 4, but for Λ. The experimental magnetic moment is shown by the (red) dot. https://scispace.com/papers/off-farm-labor-supply-and-correlated-shocks-new-theoretical-31hpx4humw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-ganyu-supply-for-small-and-large-kmbmk7o1.png TABLE 3 DETERMINANTS OF GANYU SUPPLY FOR SMALL AND LARGE FARMERS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-average-land-size-dhectaresth-per-quintile-of-the-nj1wvnp9.png Figure 1. A, Average land size ðhectaresÞ per quintile of the land distribution. B, Share of households producing different crops, by quintile of the land size distribution; quintile 1 represents the smallest plot area, and quintile 5 the largest plot area. Source: Authors’ calculations, based on the Second Integrated Household Survey of Malawi. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-ganyu-supply-for-small-and-large-23irtica.png TABLE 4 DETERMINANTS OF GANYU SUPPLY FOR SMALL AND LARGE FARMERS WITH DISAGGREGATED CORRELATED SHOCKS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-ganyu-supply-full-sample-25uml0lc.png TABLE 2 DETERMINANTS OF GANYU SUPPLY, FULL SAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ganyu-buying-and-selling-behavior-of-small-and-1dnybj6r.png Figure 2. Ganyu buying and selling behavior of small and large farmers. Source: Authors’ calculations, based on the Second Integrated Household Survey of Malawi. https://scispace.com/papers/offset-analgesia-the-role-of-peripheral-and-central-1dauyv9g8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-colored-lines-represent-the-pain-intensity-vas-40qw4ft3.png Figure 2: Colored lines represent the pain intensity (VAS scores, 0-10 cm) of painful stimuli. VAS: Visual Analogue Scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-colored-lines-represent-the-pain-intensity-vas-1gs5r62c.png Figure 3: Colored lines represent the pain intensity (VAS scores, 0-10 cm) of painful stimuli. VAS: Visual Analogue Scale. A) Unilateral-paradigms for CONTROL (dashed black), P3 (green), P2 (blue), P1 (red), and Unilateral Offset Analgesia (UOA, black). B) Bilateral-paradigms for CONTROL (dashed black), P6 (green), P5 (blue), P4 (red), and Bilateral Offset Analgesia (BOA, black). https://scispace.com/papers/off-the-beaten-path-the-impact-of-adaptive-content-4kp43uh02n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-presentation-of-recommendations-in-the-context-of-2ml2i279.png Fig. 1. The presentation of recommendations in the context of Mastery Grids’ OSSM interface, a cell with a star symbol represents a recommended topic or activity https://scispace.com/papers/oil-discoveries-and-democracy-49jstp8vfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-path-of-democracy-a-republic-of-congo-1984-versus-2tqq9kfr.png Figure 5: Path of democracy: (a) Republic of Congo 1984 versus synthetic control; (b) outcome gap https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-path-of-democracy-a-gabon-1985-versus-synthetic-1bgpik0k.png Figure 6: Path of democracy: (a) Gabon 1985 versus synthetic control; (b) outcome gap https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-peak-of-oil-discovery-and-democracy-predictors-in-22snafd9.png Table 3: Peak of oil discovery and democracy predictors in 1970 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-path-of-democracy-a-brazil-1975-versus-synthetic-3rxgqblx.png Figure 1: Path of democracy: (a) Brazil 1975 versus synthetic control (b) outcome gap https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-path-of-democracy-a-sudan-1980-versus-synthetic-2z9hpsua.png Figure 10: Path of democracy: (a) Sudan 1980 versus synthetic control; (b) outcome gap https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-case-studies-2lcesgg2.png Table 1: Case studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-path-of-democracy-a-mexico-1977-versus-synthetic-1le6i4b9.png Figure 9: Path of democracy: (a) Mexico 1977 versus synthetic control; (b) outcome gap https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-path-of-democracy-a-cameroon-1977-versus-synthetic-p7yu97jg.png Figure 2: Path of democracy: (a) Cameroon 1977 versus synthetic control; (b) outcome gap https://scispace.com/papers/oil-hydrocarbon-degradation-capability-of-bacterial-strains-k6qg9lp8mo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ratios-ul-of-crude-oil-msm-and-bacterial-r84hp4fs.png Table 1. The ratios (µl) of crude oil, MSM and bacterial suspension cultures used for micro-dilution assay https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-stations-st-1-masukiye-stream-st-2-yanik-j39k4654.png Figure 1. Sampling stations. St 1: Masukiye Stream, St 2: Yanık Stream, St 3: Eşme Stream, St 4: Midpoint of the Lake, St 5: Mahmudiye Stream, St 6: Off the Adasu Water Pump System, St 7: Çark Stream, St 8: Adasu Water Pump System, St 9: Sarp Stream https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-recorded-ph-values-in-the-flask-containing-crude-13cscw0e.png Figure 3. Recorded pH values in the flask containing crude oil and bacteria. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-percentage-of-emulsification-index-e24-of-the-3atepjg4.png Figure 2. The percentage of emulsification index (E24) of the bacterial isolates that was able to use crude oil https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recorded-ph-values-and-oil-layers-thickness-cm-in-375vq0qe.png Table 4. Recorded pH values and oil layers thickness (cm) in the flask containing crude oil and bacterial isolates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-oil-layer-thickness-cm-obtained-from-individual-hkmmhe3x.png Figure 4. Oil layer thickness (cm) obtained from individual bacterial isolates https://scispace.com/papers/oil-quality-in-sea-level-quinoa-as-determined-by-cultivar-2wfm7sdsl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lipid-content-and-fatty-acids-composition-g-kg-1a5ba477.png Table 1. Lipid content and fatty acids composition (g kg-1whole seeds) for sea level quinoa cultivars and sowing dates. Values are mean plus/minus standard error, n= 3. Different letters within columns indicate statistical differences after DGC multiple comparison test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lipid-content-and-fatty-acids-concentration-for-sea-au67i3ak.png Figure 2 Lipid content and fatty acids concentration for sea level quinoa cultivars for winter (mean temperature 18.4 ºC and solar radiation 21.1 MJ m-2 d-1, respectively), early (25 ºC and 24.5 MJ m-2 d-1) and mid-spring (25 ºC and 23.3 MJ m-2 d-1) sowing dates. Bars are means plus standard errors. Different letters among bars indicate statistical differences after DGC multiple comparison test. Uppercase letters: lipid content, italics lowercase letters: linoleic acid, lowercase letters: oleic acid and bold lowercase letters: α-linolenic acid https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-monthly-conditions-for-temperature-oc-and-2uf8mx67.png Figure 1. Mean monthly conditions for temperature (ºC) and solar radiation (MJ m−2 d−1) for the sowing date experiments. Minimum (♦), mean (■), maximum (●) temperatures, and solar radiation (○). Durations from emergence to the end of flowering (white horizontal bars) and from the end of flowering to physiological maturity (black horizontal bars) for four cultivars sown at three dates: winter (July 2), early https://scispace.com/papers/olap-operators-for-social-network-analysis-co8obv1sg2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multidimensional-constellation-model-dedicated-for-the-8eba2kbc.png Fig. 1 Multidimensional constellation model dedicated for the OLAP of tweets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-choice-a-null-option-method-to-deal-with-missing-data-1t9hx2dc.png Fig. 19 Choice a Null-option method to deal with missing data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mt1-result-of-the-drilldown-in-expression-2-29hop6j3.png Fig. 4 MT1: Result of the Drilldown in expression (2) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-result-obtained-using-the-all-option-b2x9u823.png Fig. 20 Result obtained using the All option https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-algebraic-formalization-of-the-null-select-operator-1pqphi6v.png Table 3 Algebraic Formalization of the Null-Select operator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-result-of-the-fdrilldown-on-tweetactivity-3vbmmi41.png Fig. 27 Result of the FDrilldown on TWEETACTIVITY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-mt10-result-multidimensional-table-for-example-5-14e7f3x7.png Fig. 14 MT10: Result multidimensional table for Example 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mt3-result-of-the-nulldrilldown-in-expression-3-3mj7crr2.png Fig. 6 MT3: Result of the NullDrilldown in expression (3) https://scispace.com/papers/oil-oil-correlation-of-the-south-sumatra-basin-reservoirs-1kbrd6977x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cyclonic-efficiency-at-650-rpm-at-non-egr-condition-52ldc9rw.png Figure 5. Cyclonic efficiency at 650 rpm at non-EGR condition at different loads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cyclonic-efficiency-at-1050-rpm-at-non-egr-uk72myyv.png Figure 6. Cyclonic efficiency at 1050 rpm at non-EGR condition at different loads. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pm-emissions-at-650-rpm-without-and-with-cyclonic-32g8p84a.png Figure 8. PM emissions at 650 rpm without and with cyclonic separators at different loads and EGR rates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cyclonic-efficiency-at-1200-rpm-at-non-egr-1g9ek3cn.png Figure 7. Cyclonic efficiency at 1200 rpm at non-EGR condition at different loads https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-experimental-system-1pl081mx.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pm-emissions-at-1200-rpm-without-and-with-cyclonic-1jvxo2d8.png Figure 10. PM emissions at 1200 rpm without and with cyclonic separators at different loads and EGR rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pm-emissions-at-1050-rpm-without-and-with-cyclonic-5qkjs6yg.png Figure 9. PM emissions at 1050 rpm without and with cyclonic separators at different loads and EGR rates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-engine-specifications-2nqhytyc.png Table 1. Engine specifications. https://scispace.com/papers/older-americans-on-the-go-financial-and-psychological-20wght5k28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-change-in-home-equity-by-shock-and-move-zthd91mg.png Figure 4. Average Change in Home Equity, by Shock and Move Status, 1994-2004, 2006 Dollars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reasons-provided-for-moving-by-older-homeowners-by-1y5eczpy.png Figure 3. Reasons Provided for Moving by Older Homeowners, by Shock Status, 1994-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-the-type-of-shock-on-the-probability-of-2kdjmby8.png Figure 2. Effects of the Type of Shock on the Probability of Moving for Older Households with Shocks, 1994-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-factors-affecting-the-change-in-psychological-well-15h86kwc.png Figure 6. Factors Affecting the Change in Psychological Well-being for Homeowners with Shocks, 1994-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effects-of-demographic-factors-on-the-probability-cr6yvo6o.png Figure 1. Effects of Demographic Factors on the Probability of Moving for Older Households, by Shock Status, 1994-2004 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-change-in-psychological-ell-being-by-shock-36qergfy.png Figure 5. Average Change in Psychological ell-being, by Shock and Move Status, 1994-2004 https://scispace.com/papers/omnidirectional-broadband-insulating-device-for-flexural-4tusjigr5p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geometry-employed-to-dissipate-the-vibrations-on-the-2egkynq5.png FIG. 2. Geometry employed to dissipate the vibrations on the plate. An absorbing layer (thickness d) is placed on the top of the plate (thickness ha). Each layer has its own elastic parameters that combine to produce a composite material (thickness ha), with new elastic parameters. This effective material is the one considered in the model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-multilayered-structure-employed-in-the-multiple-1xs7pcxw.png FIG. 9. Multilayered structure employed in the multiple scattering algorithm with N¼ 10 layers. The background layer is n¼ 0 and corresponds to the region r>R1) and the core layer is n¼Nþ 1 and corresponds to the region r<RNþ1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-the-structure-studied-in-the-present-30ro2ijj.png FIG. 1. Schematic view of the structure studied in the present work. The central circular region is surrounded by a thickness-varying shell so that it is isolated from the propagation of flexural waves on the plate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mono-layer-systems-employed-to-obtain-the-reflexion-3w506ypa.png FIG. 10. Mono-layer systems employed to obtain the reflexion and transmission matrices from layer n to nþ 1 (a) and from layer nþ 1 to n (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-variation-of-the-composite-loss-factor-gc-with-the-3n8g35k2.png FIG. 4. Variation of the composite loss factor gc with the thickness of the layer d for different plate thickness ha. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-elastic-parameters-of-the-materials-used-in-this-3q0kspeg.png TABLE I. Elastic parameters of the materials used in this work.28 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variation-of-the-composite-loss-factor-gc-with-the-com410yx.png FIG. 3. Variation of the composite loss factor gc with the normalized Young Modulus Er¼E‘/Ea, for different values of the loss factor of the absorptive layer g‘ and for ha¼ 0.5 mm and d¼ 0.5 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-different-regions-defined-in-the-gradient-index-device-1l6hlaxe.png FIG. 5. Different regions defined in the gradient index device (upper panel) and variation of the thickness of the plate (lower panel). The core is defined by r<Rc (yellow) and corresponds to the area to be isolated from vibrations. Region Rc < r Rrp is the repulsive potential shell (green), region Rrp < r Rab is the absorbing shell (red), and region Rab < r Rrp is the attractive potential shell (blue). The grey region corresponds to the background and it extents towards infinity. https://scispace.com/papers/omnidirectional-depth-computation-from-a-single-image-182i2mbswc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-omnidirectional-depth-computation-from-a-single-image-dsrtbuaw.png Fig. 7. Omnidirectional depth computation from a single image. a. Image of the scene containing the laser pattern. b. Lateral view of the 3D contour obtained from the lightened scene points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-catadioptric-omnidirectional-camera-with-embedded-2lqj74qe.png Fig. 1. a. Catadioptric omnidirectional camera with embedded structured light projector. b. Laboratory prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-image-formation-in-a-catadioptric-camera-composed-by-a-3vxyx86z.png Fig. 2. Image formation in a catadioptric camera composed by a paraboloidal mirror with an camera provided with telecentric lenses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-image-formation-using-the-projective-equivalence-of-a-1h1aowfm.png Fig. 3. Image formation using the projective equivalence of a SVP catadioptric projection with the projection on the sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-reflecting-part-of-the-catadioptric-camera-used-3i0ziwjh.png Fig. 4. The reflecting part of the catadioptric camera used for the sensor contains a paraboloidal and a spherical mirror. The three coordinate systems (c.s) are: W, the world c.s; P, the parabolic mirror c.s. and S, the spherical mirror c.s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-light-cone-obtained-by-calibration-the-dots-represent-18vzr7kf.png Fig. 6. Light cone obtained by calibration. The dots represent the points calculated using the calibrated omnidirectional camera. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-the-light-cone-parameters-2zyrkyvq.png TABLE III THE LIGHT CONE PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/papers/on-a-class-of-random-probability-measures-with-general-oumocypc0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-sample-coverage-c-and-posterior-expected-1ffygg0m.png Table 1 Estimated sample coverage Ĉ and posterior expected number of species E [K (30)30 |X (1,n)k ] for the Dirichlet process and the three choices of generalized Dirichlet process corresponding to basic samples given by K30=30 [case (i)] and K30=1 [case (ii)], respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distributions-of-k-30-30-corresponding-to-the-1k7kta8w.png Fig. 3. Distributions of K (30)30 corresponding to the Dirichlet process and the three choices of generalized Dirichlet process conditional on K30=30 and K30=1, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distributions-of-k30-corresponding-to-the-dirichlet-2lr35by6.png Fig. 2. Distributions of K30 corresponding to the Dirichlet process and the three choices of the generalized Dirichlet process such that E[K30]=15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distributions-of-k30-corresponding-to-the-dirichlet-3ex6zqfu.png Fig. 1. Distributions of K30 corresponding to the Dirichlet process and the three choices of the generalized Dirichlet process with parameters a=1 and =5, 10, 15, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/on-and-off-blockchain-enforcement-of-smart-contracts-3xan3h2ix7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-trading-regulated-by-a-smart-contract-36bsoj6k.png Fig. 1. Data trading regulated by a smart contract. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-descentralised-smart-contract-1a8ukh4e.png Fig. 4. Descentralised smart contract. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hybrid-smart-contract-4itoyfx3.png Fig. 5. Hybrid smart contract. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-centralised-smart-contract-7v2ur6ov.png Fig. 3. Centralised smart contract. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-centralised-and-descentralised-implementation-of-a-26o8c3ps.png Fig. 2. Centralised and descentralised implementation of a smart contract. https://scispace.com/papers/on-association-in-regression-the-coefficient-of-14x6c097vi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-true-and-estimated-correlation-curve-r2-x-2l0cnh00.png Figure 4: a) true and estimated correlation curve ρ2(x) = determination curve R2J01(x) with estimate based on K = 300 b) determination curve R 2 J02 (x) with estimate based on K = 300 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimates-r2-r2adj-r-2-j-z0-true-of-r2j-z0-as-1h0kzml2.png Figure 1: Estimates R2, R2adj, R 2 J,ζ0 (‘true’) of R2J,ζ0 as functions of the number n0 of replicates at each xi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-determination-curves-corresponding-to-j0-x-3ol7c54u.png Figure 2: Determination curves corresponding to J0(x) evaluated for the Normal family as one-parameter (RJ01sq) or as two-parameter (RJ02sq) exponential family https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-18sc5fa6.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-estimates-and-estimates-of-approximations-of-r2i-3qire421.png Figure 5: a) Estimates and estimates of approximations of R2I,π0 b) Estimates and estimates of approximations of R2J,π0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-values-of-j-th-x-y-for-smoothing-1wko8nip.png Figure 3: Estimated values of J(θ(X), Y ) for smoothing parameters K with constant true value J(θ(X), Y ) = 6.75 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-e8m7is8s.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/on-avoiding-negative-electron-density-in-gram-charlier-2aredpisfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-fourier-residual-electron-density-plot-0-15-e-a3-3f004sn6.png Fig. 5: Top: Fourier residual electron density plot (0.15 e/Å3) generated with molecoolqt at 295 K (left) and 6 K (right) after invariom + GramCharlier refinement. Bottom: Meindl-plot from residual density analysis. (a) After IAM refinement, (b) after invariom refinement with hydrogen ADPs and (c) after adding Gram-Charlier displacement parameters for the sulfur and the carboxyl oxygen atoms in the invariom model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fourier-residual-electron-density-plot-0-15-e-a3-5wkkscbd.png Fig. 1: Fourier residual electron density plot (0.15 e/Å3) generated with molecoolqt, and respective Meindl-plot [57] from residual density analysis for the 100 K data. (a) After IAM refinement, (b) after invariom refinement with anisotropic ADPs for hydrogen and (c) after adding Gram-Charlier displacement parameters for the sulfur and the carboxyl oxygen atoms in the invariom model. Even in unconstrained refinement (c) negative static EDD features remain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-difference-electron-density-plot-between-mem-and-prior-2glqksuo.png Fig. 4: Difference electron density plot between MEM and prior density in selected regions emphasizing anharmonic motion in glutathione. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-meindl-plots-57-of-the-mem-calculations-at-various-kh2-33i7qjbf.png Fig. 3: Meindl-plots [57] of the MEM calculations at various χ2 values starting from the harmonic invariom prior. A Meindl-plot of invariom refinement including Gram-Charlier displacement parameters is shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representations-of-the-probability-distribution-12agzgb4.png Fig. 2: Representations of the probability distribution function (P.D.F.) of O(31), O(32) and S(2G) for the high-resolution 100 K dataset generated with molecoolqt. Left column: red and blue iso-surfaces show negative and positive regions of the 3rd order Gram-Charlier part of the displacements. Orange and cyan meshes represent results from difference Fourier synthesis of multipole-model structure factors with and without Gram-Charier coefficients. Right column: green iso-surface at 50% of the P.D.F.; red iso-surfaces indicate regions with negative P.D.F. values at a level of 99%. As S(2G) does not show a negative P.D.F. and hardly any visible deformations of the 50% ellipsoid, the 50% iso-surface is color mapped with values of the harmonic P.D.F. to highlight differences. https://scispace.com/papers/on-boundary-layers-and-the-attenuation-of-driving-forces-in-147q196faj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-the-differing-impact-of-o5djsk6h.png Figure 3: Illustration of the differing impact of concentration polarization depending upon the membrane process involved. For RO and UF the effect of concentration polarisation is concentrative; for pervaporation and vapour permeation (e.g. VOC recovery) it is dilutive and the effect is significant even at low values of the boundary layer Peclet number. Adapted from Wijmans et al [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-illustration-of-the-transfer-processes-1bc79ukv.png Figure 7 Schematic illustration of the transfer processes across a direct contact MD membrane. Source [20] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-illustration-of-the-relative-importance-of-the-zrcvfjop.png Figure 6: Illustration of the relative importance of the concentration polarization and reverse salt diffusion. Values calculated for A =2x10-12 m/s per Pa; B=2x10-7 m/s; S = 350µm; 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠= 5MPa; 𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓= 0.025MPa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variation-of-the-concentration-polarization-moduli-q3otngjg.png Figure 4: Variation of the concentration polarization moduli with boundary layer Peclet number. Solid lines drawn for A =2x10-12 m/s per Pa; B=2x10-7 m/s; S = 350µm; 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠= 5MPa; 𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓= 0.025MPa. Dashed lines are for same parameters except B=0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variation-of-the-second-to-the-first-term-in-1y95hlne.png Figure 5: Variation of the second to the first term in Equation (12). The values of Pe have been chosen to give typical upper and lower bounds (1.5 and 0.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-two-types-of-concentration-2zddymih.png Figure 1 Schematic of the two types of concentration polarization phenomena. The type of concentration profile formed depends upon whether 𝐸𝐸0 < 1 (the phenomenon is concentrative) or whether 𝐸𝐸0 > 1 (the phenomenon is dilutive). Between the bulk feed solution (the region of constant 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏) and the membrane there is the mass transfer boundary layer - the region in which concentration is said to be polarized. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-concentration-polarization-modulus-as-a-function-of-2pyvdk0j.png Figure 2: Concentration polarization modulus, 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚/𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏, as a function of Boundary layer Peclet number Pe (=𝐽𝐽/𝑘𝑘𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏) for a wide range of values of the intrinsic enrichment factor 𝐸𝐸0. Lines calculated from Eq. (5). The solid lines are for components that are rejected (i.e. the values of 𝐸𝐸0 are less that unity) and there is concentration of these component in the concentration boundary layer. The dashed lines are for the components that are enriched in the permeate (𝐸𝐸0>1); there is dilution of these components in the boundary layer. Adapted from Wijmans et al [4]. https://scispace.com/papers/on-board-dual-stereo-vision-for-autonomous-quadrotor-38ocpozokv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-recovery-of-top-height-estimates-and-bottom-roll-and-29aukk13.png Fig. 7: Recovery of (top) height estimates and (bottom) roll- and pitch-angle after forceful disturbance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-our-quadrotor-mav-seen-from-front-and-bottom-selt3wte.png Fig. 1: Our quadrotor MAV seen from front and bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-position-estimation-errors-for-the-examined-23jew62t.png TABLE I: Position estimation errors for the examined processing methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ground-truth-and-estimated-position-during-autonomous-wd1wqdpp.png Fig. 6: Ground truth and estimated position during autonomous take-off, hovering and landing. Scale is in meters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-flight-of-a-horizontal-rectangle-shape-2cfa3hgb.png Fig. 11: Flight of a horizontal rectangle shape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-ground-truth-and-estimated-position-during-360-yaw-1f3d64bg.png Fig. 10: Ground truth and estimated position during 360◦ yaw rotation. Scale is in meters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematics-of-sensor-fusion-for-only-two-cameras-tcet6646.png Fig. 3: Schematics of sensor fusion for only two cameras. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-for-on-board-stereo-matching-performance-29st7r8z.png Fig. 2: Example for on-board stereo matching performance. https://scispace.com/papers/on-chip-micromachined-dielectric-resonator-antennas-loaded-2bcq8j61i5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reflection-coefficienct-versus-frequency-for-the-dra-1rqzlu82.png Fig. 4. Reflection coefficienct versus frequency for the DRA with/without circular patch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3d-radiation-pattern-of-the-dra-loaded-with-circular-jhdqprp6.png Fig. 5. 3D radiation pattern of the DRA loaded with circular patch at 60 GHz as simulated using (a) HFSS, and (b) CST. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-bore-sight-gain-of-the-dra-loaded-with-crescent-2p2axp93.png Fig. 11. Bore-sight gain of the DRA loaded with crescent versus frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-reflection-coefficienct-versus-frequency-for-the-dra-23fsjeze.png Fig. 8. Reflection coefficienct versus frequency for the DRA loaded with crescent patch as simulated using HFSS and CST. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-2d-radiation-pattern-of-the-dra-loaded-with-crescent-3avglj5v.png Fig. 10. 2D radiation pattern of the DRA loaded with crescent at 60 GHz (a) E-plane, and (b) H-plane (red line: GainTheta, blue dashed line: GainPhi). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2d-radiation-pattern-of-the-dra-loaded-with-circular-uj5d886q.png Fig. 6. 2D radiation pattern of the DRA loaded with circular patch at 60 GHz (a) E-plane, and (b) H-plane (red line: GainTheta, blue dashed line: GainPhi). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bore-sight-gain-of-the-dra-loaded-with-circular-patch-6e1tqn6k.png Fig. 7. Bore-sight gain of the DRA loaded with circular patch versus frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-3d-radiation-pattern-of-the-dra-loaded-with-crescent-v59f60rc.png Fig. 9. 3D radiation pattern of the DRA loaded with crescent patch at 60 GHz as simulated using (a) HFSS, and (b) CST. https://scispace.com/papers/on-chip-osnr-monitoring-with-silicon-photonics-transparent-1x27moxrvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-conductance-variation-g-as-a-function-of-2842qbnl.png Fig. 4. Measured conductance variation ∆G as a function of total power Pt in the silicon waveguide for CW and ASE signals at the CLIPP demodulator. The CLIPP is demodulated using two filter bandwidths (10 Hz and 1 kHz) of the lock-in amplifier. The standard deviation of the measured ∆G versus the lock-in bandwidth is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-total-power-pt-solid-lines-after-clipp-26wyro4n.png Fig. 5. Measured total power Pt (solid lines, after CLIPP demodulation) and signal power Ps (dashed lines, after label demodulation) of a 10 Gbps OOK signal, for three different optical power levels (-15 dBm green, -20 dBm red, -25 dBm blue) in the silicon waveguide. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measurement-of-the-q-factor-penalty-due-to-the-259d2phu.png Fig. 3. Measurement of the Q factor penalty due to the insertion of a label on a 10 Gbps OOK signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-optical-white-and-electrical-grey-265jo3yd.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of the optical (white) and electrical (grey) setup used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-the-osnr-measured-on-a-10-gbps-ook-ty79r1l9.png Fig. 6. Comparison between the OSNR measured on a 10 Gbps OOK channel with an external OSA and the OSNR measured on-chip with the proposed technique. The three curves correspond to different values of the signal power Ps = -15 dBm (blue), -20 dBm (red), and -25 dBm (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-proposed-technique-for-the-on-chip-1srawhub.png Fig. 1. a) Schematic of the proposed technique for the on-chip transparent measurement of optical channel power and the OSNR. b) Micrograph of the top view of the CLIPP device, and c) cross sectional scheme of the device showing its equivalent electrical circuit. https://scispace.com/papers/on-demand-power-management-for-ad-hoc-networks-3ivc1kanx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-transition-diagram-for-power-management-modes-23gar00p.png Fig. 2. State transition diagram for power management modes enhanced with IEEE 802.11 physical states https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-with-gaf-five-on-off-conns-on-10s-85-nodes-30bq605s.png Fig. 11. Comparison with GAF, five on-off conns, on = 10s, 85 nodes, 1000mx1000m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-design-space-of-power-management-schemes-133ohh8u.png Fig. 1. Design space of power management schemes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-end-to-end-delay-of-one-3-hop-connection-rate-1kbps-wnd48cvw.png Fig. 5. End-to-end delay of one 3-hop connection, rate = 1kbps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-end-to-end-delay-of-one-connection-under-on-off-2jjgl5bx.png Fig. 7. End-to-end delay of one connection under on-off traffic, rate = 1kbps https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-qualitative-comparison-of-various-power-management-2wep9l49.png TABLE II QUALITATIVE COMPARISON OF VARIOUS POWER MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-packet-delivery-ratio-and-energy-goodput-vs-traffic-31x9c0ba.png Fig. 9. Packet delivery ratio and energy goodput vs. traffic load with mobility, 10 CBR conn., 50 nodes, 1500mx300m region, speed = 20ms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-packet-delivery-ratio-and-energy-goodput-vs-pause-time-202s6xqd.png Fig. 4. Packet delivery ratio and energy goodput vs. pause time, 10 long-lived CBR connections, 50 nodes, 1500x300 static network https://scispace.com/papers/on-demand-service-deployment-strategies-for-fog-as-a-service-42l7ni7ug2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overall-delay-for-10-and-40-expressed-in-seconds-ljfqs7uj.png TABLE I OVERALL DELAY FOR " = 10 AND " = 40 EXPRESSED IN SECONDS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-percentage-of-uncovered-cfns-at-edge-3smxgxki.png Fig. 3. Average Percentage of Uncovered CFNs at edge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-per-cfn-offloading-delay-19y1bpow.png Fig. 2. Average per-CFN offloading delay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fogaas-network-architecture-3jpr5vtm.png Fig. 1. FogaaS Network Architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/on-demand-power-management-for-ad-hoc-networks-3sm4976pwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-transition-diagram-for-power-management-modes-o3mgxoyr.png Fig. 2. State transition diagram for power management modes enhanced with IEEE 802.11 physical states https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-with-gaf-five-on-off-conns-on-10s-85-nodes-29l4l2nc.png Fig. 11. Comparison with GAF, five on-off conns, on = 10s, 85 nodes, 1000mx1000m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-design-space-of-power-management-schemes-2qhga138.png Fig. 1. Design space of power management schemes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-end-to-end-delay-of-one-3-hop-connection-rate-1kbps-1r1y44ng.png Fig. 5. End-to-end delay of one 3-hop connection, rate = 1kbps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-end-to-end-delay-of-one-connection-under-on-off-24z7twax.png Fig. 7. End-to-end delay of one connection under on-off traffic, rate = 1kbps https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-qualitative-comparison-of-various-power-management-1a8o8kkh.png TABLE II QUALITATIVE COMPARISON OF VARIOUS POWER MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-packet-delivery-ratio-and-energy-goodput-vs-traffic-2bkxg8xf.png Fig. 9. Packet delivery ratio and energy goodput vs. traffic load with mobility, 10 CBR conn., 50 nodes, 1500mx300m region, speed = 20ms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-packet-delivery-ratio-and-energy-goodput-vs-pause-time-1k2b7eyq.png Fig. 4. Packet delivery ratio and energy goodput vs. pause time, 10 long-lived CBR connections, 50 nodes, 1500x300 static network https://scispace.com/papers/on-endogenous-business-cycles-under-increasing-returns-to-2pz5gb3jzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-local-stability-properties-of-the-benchmark-closed-35brm9lw.png FIGURE 1 Local Stability Properties of the Benchmark Closed Economy https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regions-of-local-indeterminacy-4yv1s2f5.png TABLE 1 Regions of Local Indeterminacy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-social-production-possibility-frontier-24hoh79u.png FIGURE 2 Social Production Possibility Frontier https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-stability-properties-of-the-small-open-3kim7308.png FIGURE 3 Local Stability Properties of the Small Open Economy https://scispace.com/papers/on-generalized-expectation-based-estimation-of-a-population-2m9wsh7hqc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-empirical-density-of-the-sample-eigenvalues-bo8apwnk.png Figure 2: The empirical density of the sample eigenvalues (plain black) compared to the limiting spectral densities corresponding to H(α̂) (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-curves-of-h-f-a-left-and-h-f-a-a-right-70nimqxa.png Figure 1: Curves of H(f, α) (left) and ∂H(f, α)/∂α (right). https://scispace.com/papers/on-incentives-in-global-wireless-communities-41ezievlwi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expected-revenue-for-user-isp-and-mediator-vs-6g5altn8.png Figure 2: Expected revenue for user, ISP and mediator vs. various parameters (default parameter values: nu = 1000, ci = 5, co = 12, ct = 5, ca = 10, G = 0.5, R = 0.001, α = 0.3, β = 0.3, γ = 0.1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-expected-revenue-for-user-and-isp-20a0eiz3.png Figure 1: Expected revenue for user and ISP https://scispace.com/papers/on-inverse-form-finding-for-anisotropic-elastoplastic-3x3e7s4fds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-discretization-of-the-undeformed-thick-sheet-in-the-chxbr6x9.png FIGURE 2. Discretization of the undeformed thick sheet in the material configuationB0 and nodal forces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-material-left-and-spatial-configuration-right-37vrb6cr.png FIGURE 1. Material (left) and spatial configuration (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-computed-undeformed-sheet-withe-p-from-the-direct-39iv81nb.png FIGURE 3. (a) computed undeformed sheet withE p from the direct problem, (b) computed undeformed sheet withE p=0, and (c) computed deformed sheet in the spatial configurationBt . https://scispace.com/papers/on-improving-the-numerical-convergence-of-highly-nonlinear-2r7hqu7v1p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-uniaxial-extension-compression-for-284q3cr8.png Figure 3: Schematic of the uniaxial extension/compression for (a) a three-dimensional solid , (b) axisymmetric case , and (c) a one-dimensional case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-derivatives-of-the-stress-in-compression-before-198xplqu.png Figure 2: (a) Derivatives of the stress in compression before (dashed line) and after the arctan transformation (solid line); (b) Plot of the area where Nstandard < Ntransform denoting the region where standard formulation may be better than the new formulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-the-starting-point-on-iterations-taken-to-1i6r1i9o.png Figure 6: Effect of the starting point on iterations taken to converge with Veronda-Westmann model: (a) for the 1D extension problem using the standard (red dashed line and open symbols) and log formulation (blue solid line and filled symbols) with B = 100 and varying F1/A, and (b) for the axisymmetric compressible extension using log formulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-iterations-taken-to-converge-for-the-1d-extension-3ttsz7cr.png Figure 7: Iterations taken to converge for the 1D extension problem with Veronda-Westmann model using the standard (red dashed line and open symbols) and log formulation (blue solid line and filled symbols) with F1/A = 10−4 and varying B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effect-of-compressibility-on-the-convergence-in-12ai13ne.png Figure 11: Effect of compressibility on the convergence in the cases of neo-Hookean model using the standard formulation (red dashed line and open symbols) and arctan formulation (blue solid line and filled symbols) with (a) axisymmetric assumption and (b) general 3D case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-iterations-taken-to-converge-for-the-3d-uniaxial-1y1tvbjr.png Figure 15: (a) Iterations taken to converge for the 3D uniaxial compression problem with Mooney-Rivlin model using the standard formulation (red dashed line and open symbols) and log formulation (blue solid line and filled symbols) for varying υ; (b) the transformed stress under compression using log transformation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-local-measure-of-nonlinearity-c-eq-7-of-the-vw-3pchrebf.png Figure 4: Local measure of nonlinearity C (Eq. 7) of the VW model (37) for the (a) original stresses and (b) the transformed stresses for varying exponent parameter B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-for-the-mooney-rivlin-model-39-under-compression-19qo5gq3.png Figure 5: For the Mooney-Rivlin model (39) under compression and varying υ, the measure of nonlinearity using (a) the original increases indefinitely as λ→ 0; (b) whereas the transformed 1st PK stress remains finite and close to linear https://scispace.com/papers/on-line-energy-management-for-hev-based-on-particle-swarm-4zibkprihh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reversible-storage-element-global-efficiency-curve-zvvklv6a.png Fig 4 : Reversible Storage Element global efficiency curve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fuel-cell-system-global-efficiency-curve-1rofupw2.png Fig 3: Fuel Cell system global efficiency curve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-initial-profile-sequence-selected-and-first-3lfhi30k.png Fig 11 : Initial profile, sequence selected and first disturbance injected Dist=50kW (case dist>0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-power-variation-occurrence-in-different-ranges-of-3ggto5gq.png Fig 9 : Power variation occurrence in different ranges of magnitude https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-inrets-power-profile-of-a-hybrid-vehicle-in-urban-area-2m8i158q.png Fig. 5. INRETS : Power profile of a hybrid vehicle in urban area https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-system-power-and-energy-constraints-18jcknfa.png TABLE I SYSTEM POWER AND ENERGY CONSTRAINTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-eskisehir-power-profile-of-a-tram-on-theline-of-14vlz3ac.png Fig. 6. ESKISEHIR : Power profile of a tram on theline of Eskisehir (Turkey) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-energy-management-state-of-charge-inrets-profile-e-2fzrj06l.png Fig 8 : Energy management State of Charge -INRETS Profile - ∆E=1kWs et ∆t=2s https://scispace.com/papers/on-linear-hulls-and-trails-4apwp4x2rj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-trails-of-a-third-one-round-hull-the-trails-have-3dhj4zxu.png Fig. 4. Two trails of a third one-round hull. The trails have nonzero contributions of the same magnitude and opposite sign. The hull has correlation zero. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-two-trails-of-a-second-one-round-hull-2175w7o3.png Fig. 3. Two trails of a second one-round hull. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-trails-of-a-one-round-hull-1xzxjgo0.png Fig. 2. Two trails of a one-round hull. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-more-trails-in-the-same-3-round-linear-hull-as-1l4s14vs.png Fig. 6. Two more trails in the same 3-round linear hull as Figure 5. Trail 3 is shown on the left, Trail 4 on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-two-trails-in-a-3-round-linear-hull-trail-1-is-shown-1kneiflj.png Fig. 5. Two trails in a 3-round linear hull. Trail 1 is shown on the left, Trail 2 on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trail-through-one-round-of-simon-without-the-final-1rlwyirn.png Fig. 1. Trail through one round of Simon (without the final swap operation). The dashed box indicates the part of the round that we discuss in Section 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-possible-values-for-corh-obtained-from-13-f7i961in.png Table 1. The possible values for corh obtained from (13). https://scispace.com/papers/on-maximum-field-components-in-the-focal-point-of-a-lens-5f87pco55k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-example-of-a-dichroic-photosensitive-initiator-b7qhoml2.png Figure 4. Left: example of a dichroic photosensitive initiator. The photosensitive component has its transition moment parallel to the longitudinal axis. Right: absorbance of the dichroic photo-initiator, dissolved in a nematic host, with its axis parallel or perpendicular to the polarization of light. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-enhancement-of-the-dichroic-ratio-of-a-chromophore-2e28r6n8.png Figure 5. Enhancement of the dichroic ratio of a chromophore molecule, exemplary for the initiator system, in liquid crystal hosts with different degree of order, ranging from isotropic to nematic, to smectic A and smectic B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-principle-of-the-polarization-sensitive-resist-a-3hwsflqn.png Figure 3. Principle of the polarization-sensitive resist. A rod-like shaped photosensitive initiator is aligned parallel to the propagation direction of the incoming light by dissolving it in a liquid crystal monomer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-the-squared-amplitude-of-the-3fq0nqnq.png Figure 2. Distribution of the squared amplitude of the optimized longitudinal electric field component in the focal plane (left) and the intensity distribution of the Airy spot in the focal plane (right). In both cases the numerical aperture is 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-optimum-electric-field-in-the-pupil-of-the-lens-for-2fvx6fom.png Figure 1. Optimum electric field in the pupil of the lens for the case that zv )) = (longitudinal component, upper left), v) makes an angle of 30o with the z-axis (upper right), v) makes an angle of 60o with the z-axis (lower left) and xv )) = https://scispace.com/papers/on-modelling-insights-for-emerging-engineering-problems-a-4mf2iksdya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-individual-and-combined-sensitivity-showing-combined-12c3gqyn.png Fig. 5. Individual and combined sensitivity showing combined optimal scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-reduction-in-capacity-factor-variability-from-a8omgojb.png Fig. 6. Reduction in capacity factor variability from increased access threshold https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-change-in-capacity-factor-due-to-climate-identifying-27svr2f5.png Fig. 4. Change in capacity factor due to climate identifying importance of considering combined climate https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-baseline-wind-farm-specification-12l10l35.png TABLE I Baseline wind farm specification https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-wind-speed-and-wave-height-on-capacity-1wshv9j7.png Fig. 3. Impact of wind speed and wave height on capacity factor with the correlated region of wind speed and wave height highlighted, representing expected operating region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sensitivity-of-monthly-availability-to-wave-height-32a1rxdm.png Fig. 2. Sensitivity of monthly availability to wave height showing criticality of winter months due to increased wave height. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-structure-showing-functional-dependency-1hekffha.png Fig. 1. Model structure showing functional dependency. https://scispace.com/papers/on-multiantenna-sensor-networks-with-interference-energy-2dy7u9gkpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-power-consumptions-of-the-microcontroller-uc-and-the-33ufzpxc.png TABLE I POWER CONSUMPTIONS OF THE MICROCONTROLLER (µC) AND THE TRANSCEIVER-CHIP IN THEIR PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MODES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-parameters-345l6ib3.png TABLE II SIMULATION PARAMETERS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-achievable-sir-values-vs-energy-consumption-and-outage-22d2tnyn.png Fig. 4. Achievable SIR values vs. energy consumption and outage probability for pilot sequences of length L = 50 and perfect rank-one LOS channels. The solid plots refer to the benchmark of perfect channel knowledge (i.e., L = ∞) without energy costs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-achievable-sir-values-vs-energy-consumption-and-outage-2983j8y0.png Fig. 3. Achievable SIR values vs. energy consumption and outage probability for pilot sequences of length L = 100 and perfect NLOS channels. The solid plots refer to the benchmark of perfect channel knowledge (i.e., L = ∞) without energy costs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-achievable-sir-values-per-link-vs-energy-consumption-2stt0se3.png Fig. 1. Achievable SIR values per link vs. energy consumption per link for Alamouti space-time coding, different pilot sequence lengths L and a perfect NLOS channel. The scenario consists of K = 18 simultaneously active 2×2 links and the black line refers to the benchmark of perfect channel knowledge (i.e., L = ∞) without energy costs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-achievable-sir-values-vs-energy-consumption-and-outage-1fyi4ujn.png Fig. 2. Achievable SIR values vs. energy consumption and outage probability for pilot sequences of length L = 10 and perfect NLOS channels. The solid plots refer to the benchmark of perfect channel knowledge (i.e., L = ∞) without energy costs. https://scispace.com/papers/on-purely-automated-attacks-and-click-based-graphical-43a27nxqdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cars-originally-from-3-see-figure-1-for-pool-1a00bu18.png Figure 4. cars (originally from [3]). See Figure 1 for pool (unmodified version from [32, 31]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-click-order-heuristics-15edhd7s.png Table 1. Results for click-order heuristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cdfs-for-different-attacks-with-localmax-3qew8ez1.png Figure 5. CDFs for different attacks with LocalMax normalization (i.e., V A1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pool-image-with-the-first-7-items-in-the-scan-path-87kbxhdr.png Figure 1. pool image with the first 7 items in the scan-path. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-corner-detection-left-and-center-detection-right-3uv74a2v.png Figure 2. Corner detection (left) and center detection (right) output for pool. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-window-clustering-1gk3qfp5.png Figure 3. Window Clustering https://scispace.com/papers/on-reducing-the-energy-consumption-of-software-product-lines-tci1hjqld1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-excerpt-of-the-feature-model-of-robocodespl-avc5vbnz.png Figure 2: Excerpt of the Feature Model of RobocodeSPL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-focus-on-the-best-and-worst-initial-products-from-303e4jkx.png Figure 7: Focus on the best and worst initial products from the validation sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raw-vs-net-energy-consumption-iw69i7oz.png Figure 1: Raw vs. net energy consumption. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-improving-the-product-resulting-from-the-g7enqojt.png Figure 4: Improving the product resulting from the featurewise analysis with the pairwise one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-energy-consumption-of-the-products-resulting-from-21pz67g8.png Figure 5: Energy consumption of the products resulting from both analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relative-gains-of-the-pairwise-and-feature-wise-1kcy33rl.png Figure 6: Relative gains of the pairwise and feature-wise analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/on-reducing-paging-cost-in-ip-based-wireless-mobile-networks-1tpynhfz43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cost-comparison-d9c3c78e.png Table 1. Cost comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definition-of-terms-25a1z29j.png Table 2. Definition of Terms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-system-parameter-values-1vllidqh.png Table 3. System parameter values https://scispace.com/papers/on-simulations-about-the-precision-of-non-uniform-hybrid-19rulmd2jm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-aliasing-functions-the-bold-line-corresponds-to-the-2bw0nujn.png Fig. 3. Aliasing functions (the bold line corresponds to the mean aliasing). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-theoretical-and-estimated-values-of-the-periodic-m-104lxm1t.png Table 1. Theoretical and estimated values of the periodic-M variance of the global error x (n) − x̂(n) for the different values of n moduloM . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hfb-a-d-converter-withk-channels-in-each-channel-there-m4usxr45.png Fig. 1. HFB A/D converter withK channels. In each channel there is, from left to right, an analog analysis filter, a MT - periodic sampler, an infinite uniform scalar quantizer, a M - fold expander and a digital synthesis filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-response-magnitudes-of-the-analog-analysis-3rox55c4.png Fig. 2. Frequency response magnitudes of the analog analysis filters. https://scispace.com/papers/on-tensor-based-pdes-and-their-corresponding-variational-mmr4bbeg47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-even-rows-display-some-subregions-of-the-image-2el2akh1.png Fig. 1. Results. Even rows display some subregions of the image from the respectively previous row. The first four rows are illustrations using additive Gaussian noise of 50 std, the next two rows of 20 std, and the last two rows of 70 std noise. Best viewed in color. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ssim-and-psnr-values-o6drx76i.png Table 1. SSIM and PSNR values https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-3-d-placement-of-airborne-base-stations-using-4x0u2zwjrg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-propositions-2-3-and-4-on-the-hovering-nrmgfvir.png Fig. 2: The effect of Propositions 2, 3, and 4 on the hovering region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-for-a-given-value-of-th-only-the-heights-of-the-5btw2n65.png Fig. 12: For a given value of θ, only the heights of the buildings inside the ball B(0, Tmax cos(θ)) affect the value of P(θmin ≤ θ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-regions-we-should-search-for-the-optimal-location-mdi1ozlq.png Fig. 4: The regions we should search for the optimal location of the TUAV Hopt, for different values of d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-optimal-and-suboptimal-values-of-pl-for-different-2c9z6l9n.png Fig. 10: Optimal and suboptimal values of PL for different values of d and Tmax. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-optimal-and-suboptimal-values-of-th-for-different-1bqk1w8q.png Fig. 9: Optimal and suboptimal values of θ for different values of d. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-pl-range-against-different-values-of-d-for-a-2zwj22mr.png Fig. 11: The PL range against different values of d for: (a) θmin = 0◦, (b) θmin = 15◦, and (c) θmin = 30 ◦. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-table-of-notations-304ctsgt.png TABLE II: Table of notations https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-tuav-state-of-the-art-zz2k26hs.png TABLE I: TUAV state of the art https://scispace.com/papers/on-stable-right-inversion-of-non-minimum-phase-systems-1yhlqezxgi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-four-tank-model-under-stable-dynamic-inversion-3ga1ylui.png Fig. 1. The four tank model under stable dynamic inversion. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-accuracy-of-capillary-flow-porometry-for-fibrous-19hw5gjype 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pore-size-distributions-obtained-by-3-different-3j87fxzs.png Fig. 1. Pore size distributions obtained by 3 different porometers for the identical type of glass fiber filter media. Working fluids used and scan procedures are those recommended/ implemented by the instrument manufacturers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-diagram-of-the-prototype-porometer-operating-dtf8tbgd.png Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the prototype porometer operating at differential pressures of 0–1000mbar and volume flows of 0–200 L/min (by one of two mass flow controllers, MFC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-left-enlarged-sections-of-raw-data-for-a-pressure-2m27jb8b.png Fig. 10. LEFT: Enlarged sections of raw data for a pressure controlled (blue) and a flow controlled scan (red) using silicone oil AK 10 and a scan time interval of 2 min. RIGHT: pore size distributions corresponding to a pressure controlled (blue) and a flow controlled scan (red). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wet-and-dry-curves-blue-of-flow-vs-dp-the-dry-curve-is-3890e6lj.png Fig. 3. “Wet” and “dry” curves (blue) of flow vs. Δp. The “dry” curve is fitted with a secondorder polynomial for interpolation purposes (dashed line). The resulting pore size distribution (red) lies between 5.2 and 21.2 µm for a scan time interval of 1min in a pressure controlled run. The wetting liquid is GalwickTM. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-temporal-evolution-of-dp-and-face-velocity-during-a-dp-1x34r4dq.png Fig. 5. Temporal evolution of Δp and face velocity during a Δp-controlled scan. Insets show a top view of the sample surfaces at different stages. Data are for Porofil™, the most volatile liquid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-decrease-in-liquid-saturation-of-filter-samples-with-1boq81t7.png Fig. 6. Decrease in liquid saturation of filter samples with time due to evaporation. Samples were saturated fully at t= 0 with one of the 4 wetting liquids. A flow was maintained through the sample at 5 cm/s face velocity at an initial Δp of 45mbar corresponding to pore sizes> 15 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaporation-rates-and-characteristic-pore-sizes-tqm19ahd.png Table 2 Evaporation rates and characteristic pore sizes measured with different wetting liquids. The error of largest/mean pore sizes is based on the standard deviation of 3 measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effect-of-scan-time-interval-1-10-120min-on-the-pore-1tovfnho.png Fig. 8. Effect of scan time interval (1, 10, 120min) on the pore size distribution for Porofil™ and silicone oil (AK 10). The left-hand figure shows the corresponding wet and dry curves. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-accurate-construction-of-consensus-genetic-maps-2hf578e4r2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sketch-of-our-lp-based-algorithm-35kpxt88.png Fig. 2. A sketch of our LP-based algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-number-of-erroneous-marker-pairs-obtained-with-17y1ahor.png Fig. 4. The number of erroneous marker pairs obtained with MERGEMAP (LEFT) and the average running time (RIGHT) for various choies ofm, η andγ. Each point in the figure is an average of the results obtainedfrom ten independent data sets. The standard deviation for the corresponding statistic is represented as the error bar in the above figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-sketch-of-our-heuristic-based-algorithm-29z7fgen.png Fig. 3. A sketch of our heuristic-based algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-simple-genetic-linkage-maps-along-with-the-1xv5bar4.png Fig. 1. Two simple genetic linkage maps, along with the corresponding notations used in this paper. MapsΠ1 andΠ2 both consist of four bins (enclosed in parentheses). The numbers in between adjacentbins indicate the distances between them. MapsΠ1 andΠ2 are not consistent with each other because there is a cycle inGΩ betweenm4 andm5. Removingm5 fromΠ2 resolves the conflict. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-mstmap-mergemap-and-mstmap-c-for-2z7cqgqw.png Table 1. Comparison between MSTMAP+MERGEMAP and MSTMAP-C for K = 6, x = 0.7. Each number in the table is the average of the results obtained from ten independent runs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-mstmap-mergemap-joinmap-and-mstmap-32aaj0pz.png Fig. 5. Comparison between MSTMAP+MERGEMAP, JOINMAP and MSTMAP-C in terms of number of erroneous marker pairs (LEFT) and running time (RIGHT) forR = 0 andR = 2 respectively. The rest of the parameters are as shown in the title of the figures. Each bar represents an average of ten runs and the error bar indicates the standard deviation https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-adequacy-of-baseform-pronunciations-and-pronunciation-35946xh161 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recognition-studies-performed-on-8-different-sets-of-nbncpcac.png Table 1: Recognition studies performed on 8 different sets of 75 words lexicon and one set of 602 words lexicon with single pronunciation for each word. Performance is measured in terms of word error rate (WER), expressed in %. Notations: O: Auxiliary feature observed, H: Auxiliary feature hidden (i.e. integrated over all possible values of auxiliary feature). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-test-lexicon-the-first-column-mentions-2rwdo5fp.png Table 2: Statistics of test lexicon. The first column mentions the number of pronunciations and the second column gives the number of words with that number of pronunciations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histogram-of-difference-between-the-combb-value-uxhilbdi.png Figure 5: Histogram of difference between the combb value (obtained by using acoustic models of system-base) and combp value (obtained by using acoustic models of system-app-p) for different values of , for all the utterances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recognition-studies-performed-on-8-different-sets-of-3alw94eu.png Table 3: Recognition studies performed on 8 different sets of 75 words lexicon and one set of 602 words lexicon with multiple pronunciations . Performance is measured in terms of WER (expressed in %). Notations: O: Auxiliary feature observed, H: Auxiliary feature hidden. † improvement in the performance is significant compared to the results in Table 1 (with 95% confidence or above) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-case-where-the-baseform-pronunciation-of-word-2ffgkrvj.png Figure 4: A case where the baseform pronunciation of word keeble uttered by a female speaker doesnot match well with the acoustic observation. The inference was done with acoustic models of systemapp-p. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-case-where-the-baseform-pronunciation-of-word-3mddo2hu.png Figure 3: A case where the baseform pronunciation of word keeble uttered by a female speaker matches well with the acoustic observation. The inference was done with acoustic models of system-app-p. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-state-ergodic-hmm-qmgox7th.png Figure 1: 3-state Ergodic HMM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-to-right-hmm-2zp414l5.png Figure 2: Left-to-Right HMM https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-accuracy-of-one-component-pseudopotential-spin-orbit-x8h6lf628p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-second-order-spin-orbit-hole-polarization-and-1f6ld0hx.png FIG. 1. Second-order spin-orbit hole polarization and relaxation diagrams for the “hole problem.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ground-state-correlation-ref-8-diagrams-for-the-hole-3bp0oa2z.png FIG. 4. “Ground-state correlation” Ref. 8 diagrams for the “hole problem.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-third-order-spin-orbit-hole-polarization-diagrams-for-1vxka1q6.png FIG. 3. Third-order spin-orbit hole polarization diagrams for the “hole problem” second part . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-third-order-spin-orbit-hole-polarization-diagrams-for-3olbdr7e.png FIG. 2. Third-order spin-orbit hole polarization diagrams for the “hole problem” first part . https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-application-of-contour-bumps-for-transonic-drag-25y4dpqv9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-photograph-of-the-tma-0712-airfoil-model-6-inch-3ss6c4f2.png Figure 5: Photograph of the TMA-0712 airfoil model (6-inch chord) in the 0.3-m TCT test section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-photograph-of-the-baseline-airfoil-model-with-a-f77vzy08.png Figure 13: Photograph of the Baseline airfoil model with a temporary contour bump (h/c=0.0033) placed with crest near the x/c=0.65 location (measured shock location in the 0.3 m TCT experiment). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-sensitivity-of-wake-rake-surveys-to-changes-in-cl-1qlptwe0.png Figure 19: Sensitivity of wake rake surveys to changes in Cl and M in the 0.3-m TCT experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contour-bump-deployed-near-normal-shock-wave-on-2k4rurrg.png Figure 1: Contour bump deployed near normal shock wave on airfoil upper surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-contour-bump-height-on-predicted-drag-2111n3k3.png Figure 6: Effect of contour bump height on predicted drag reduction for the NASA TMA-0712 airfoil (M∞=0.78, Cl=0.70, Re=30x10 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-contour-bump-on-predicted-drag-polar-for-3bxq28oz.png Figure 7: Effect of contour bump on predicted drag polar for the NASA TMA-0712 airfoil (M∞=0.78, Re=30x10 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-effect-of-contour-bumps-on-the-drag-divergence-cv5apap6.png Figure 11: Effect of contour bumps on the drag divergence characteristics of the NASA TMA-0712 airfoil (Cl=0.70, Re=30x10 6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-shocks-and-original-contour-bumps-are-not-in-the-2672vbbf.png Figure 12: Shocks and original contour bumps are not in the same location for the NASA TMA-0712 airfoil tested in 0.3 m TCT experiment (Cl=0.70, M∞=0.78, Re=30x10 6). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-application-of-preaggregation-functions-to-fuzzy-2tfrkqival 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-top-down-construction-of-a-fuzzy-pattern-2pxh2d8l.png Fig. 1. An example of top-down construction of a fuzzy pattern tree. The tree on the left is a primitive tree. The tree in the middle consists of two leaves and the root. The right one consists of three leaves, one inner node, and the root. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-accuracy-3kozsypc.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF ACCURACY (%) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contours-of-generated-preaggregation-functions-x-axis-3bzjn4jc.png Fig. 2. Contours of generated preaggregation functions. X-axis represents the value of x ∈ [0, 1] and Y-axis represents the value of y ∈ [0, 1]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-membership-functions-of-linguistic-terms-x-axis-pn0exzo5.png Fig. 3. Membership functions of linguistic terms. X-axis represents the feature value in the interval of [min,max] and Y-axis represents the membership degree in the unit interval [0, 1]. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-chemical-grafting-of-titanium-nitride-by-diazonium-1217usp1ok 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-xps-survey-spectra-of-the-aminophenylene-tin-surfaces-2lugy4rm.png Fig. 5 XPS survey spectra of the aminophenylene-TiN surfaces grafted in presence of hypophosphorous and iron powder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-n-1s-core-level-spectra-of-the-aminophenylene-tin-2gzy10p9.png Fig. 6 N 1s core level spectra of the aminophenylene-TiN surfaces grafted in presence of hypophosphorous and iron powder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-decomposed-ti-2p3-2-core-level-spectra-of-the-bare-tin-3hu73z4w.png Fig. 4 Decomposed Ti 2p3/2 core level spectra of the bare TiN and the modified samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xps-survey-spectra-of-the-bare-and-modified-tin-315mmsm2.png Fig. 1 XPS survey spectra of the bare and modified TiN samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-decomposed-c-1s-core-level-spectra-of-the-bare-tin-and-2eiusueh.png Fig. 2 Decomposed C 1s core level spectra of the bare TiN and the modified samples. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-computation-of-covert-channel-capacity-1w25qy554j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-channel-t2-2btx5lhu.png Figure 2. Channel T2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-channel-t1-1ikclbom.png Figure 1. Channel T1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-example-with-a-bitrate-of-log2-2061s40j.png Figure 4. An example with a bitrate of log2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-covert-channel-whose-o-bitrate-is-1-299vrb1h.png Figure 3. A covert channel whose ω-bitrate is 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-at-a-a-covert-channel-of-bitrate-log2-3-and-an-3bt6qcwu.png Figure 5. At (a), a covert channel of bitrate log2 3, and an input-deterministic transducer (b) that proves this, using Proposition 5.1. At (c), a deterministic transducer not satisfying the hypothesis in Proposition 5.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-second-example-of-an-application-of-proposition-5-30l0n8pf.png Figure 6. A second example of an application of Proposition 5.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-covert-channel-whose-bitrate-cannot-be-computed-1u2q4z0b.png Figure 7. A covert channel whose bitrate cannot be computed using Proposition 5.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computing-wi-and-row-sets-for-k-1-underlined-d1217fo2.png Table 1. Computing Wi and row sets for k = 1. Underlined translations cannot be in the same Wi. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-convergence-of-autonomous-agent-communities-4e39uf1d29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-the-three-gurus-and-the-initial-state-19whxpt7.png TABLE 4-1. THE THREE GURUS AND THE INITIAL STATE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-impact-of-the-number-of-categories-on-average-fn8vt9vp.png Figure 5-7. Impact of the number of categories on average convergence time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-distributions-of-convergence-times-on-the-same-15e9sjw4.png Figure 5-3. Distributions of convergence times on the same initial setting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-distribution-of-average-convergence-times-on-3m09p66l.png Figure 5-4. Distribution of average convergence times on variable initial settings https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-recurrence-properties-of-agent-community-formation-3nzuqi49.png TABLE 4-5. RECURRENCE PROPERTIES OF AGENT COMMUNITY FORMATION BEHAVIORS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-impact-of-the-number-m-of-members-on-convergence-3qp1indi.png Figure 5-6. Impact of the number m of members on convergence time (Parameters: k=10, c=1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and s=30, m varies from 1 to 140). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-definition-of-a-hybrid-system-13hek8de.png TABLE 4-4. DEFINITION OF A HYBRID SYSTEM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-interface-of-the-experiment-environment-3gbrmn15.png Figure 5-1. Interface of the experiment environment https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-convergence-of-protein-structure-and-dynamics-4g86pjsl7a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-5-most-frequent-sub-bpfts-mined-from-a-sample-of-1cc5ggtb.png Table 1. Top 5 most frequent sub BPFTs mined from a sample of reconstruction traces (chain 1O6XA). Each subtree’s support is the normalised frequency wrt to sample size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histogram-of-left-kta-values-binary-targets-obtained-1cliz8jw.png Fig. 3. Histogram of: (left) KTA values, binary targets obtained with TM-Score threshold with the native set to 0.4; (right) correlation between cluster assignment and TMscore with native structure. Results are for cluster-node and pairwise interaction kernel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kernel-matrix-obtained-averaging-over-structures-with-qjk68bw9.png Fig. 2. Kernel matrix obtained averaging over structures with similar quality measured as TM-score with the native: (a) cluster-node kernel (b) pairwise-interaction kernel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bpft-for-a-protein-pdb-code-1wita-as-a-result-of-the-2eu2xf86.png Fig. 1. BPFT for a protein (PDB code 1WITA) as a result of the application of Alg.1 to the trajectory followed by the reconstruction algorithm described in section 2.1. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-design-and-reliability-analysis-of-electromagnetic-2svaq3f69w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-optimized-design-parameters-of-three-structures-lt1-2q23avvg.png Table 6. Optimized design parameters (of three structures, LT1, LT2, LT3) for the five layer absorber. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-five-layered-absorbing-structure-parameters-15m8qikj.png Table 2. Five layered absorbing structure parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-mean-reliability-and-b-sample-variance-as-a-2ixv0yfy.png Figure 3. (a) Mean reliability and (b) sample variance as a function of sample size in MCS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-optimized-design-parameters-from-cfo-de-gsa-and-pso-1acx97cn.png Table 7. Optimized design parameters from CFO, DE, GSA and PSO for Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probability-density-of-the-lt1-and-pso-designs-2af4y4ta.png Figure 5. Probability density of the LT1 and PSO designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predefined-database-of-16-materials-3n4xme1j.png Table 1. Predefined database of 16 materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probability-density-of-the-ht3-and-gsa-designs-18twlyno.png Figure 4. Probability density of the HT3 and GSA designs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimized-design-parameters-from-cfo-de-gsa-and-pso-fspbp37r.png Table 4. Optimized design parameters from CFO, DE, GSA and PSO for Example 1. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-design-of-discontinuous-galerkin-methods-for-elliptic-1n5vb3kxg0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-gmres-iterations-and-condition-number-2cw9a9h6.png Figure 6: Number of GMRES iterations and condition number ofthe preconditioned matrix for harmonic and arithmetic averages and different values ofh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-splitting-of-the-domain-155l41yb.png Figure 1: Splitting of the domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-condition-number-of-the-system-matrix-the-legend-1bb964z7.png Figure 4: Condition number of the system matrix. The legend represents(i, ε1/ε2) whereh = 2−i. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-approximation-of-fluxes-39tyfat0.png Figure 3: Approximation of fluxes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-number-of-richardson-iterations-required-till-1puxv8ub.png Figure 5: Number of Richardson iterations required till convergence, for the two different formulations: harmonic and arithmetic averages forν. The legend represents(i, ε1/ε2) whereh = 2−i. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-notation-for-the-approximation-of-fluxes-and-1bheahli.png Figure 2: Notation for the approximation of fluxes and tracesfor interior edges https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-dynamics-of-active-categorisation-of-different-1dfndwkk22 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-geometric-separability-index-gsi-b-the-formal-2hi62r6b.png Fig. 2. (a) The Geometric Separability Index (GSI); (b) the formal definition of GSI; (c) the number of tactile ambiguities; (d) the percentage of success in pre-substitution tests (see triangles) and post-substitution tests (see empty circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-simulated-robotic-arm-the-kinematic-chain-b-of-1nu86wmh.png Fig. 1. (a) The simulated robotic arm. The kinematic chain (b) of the arm, and (c) of the hand. In (b) and (c), cylinders represent rotational DOFs; the axes of cylinders indicate the corresponding axis of rotation; the links among cylinders represents the rigid connections that make up the arm structure. Ji with i = 1, .., 12 refer to the joints whose state is both sensed and set by the arm’s controller. Ti with i = 1, .., 10 indicate the tactile sensors. (d) The architecture of the arm controller. The circles refer to the artificial neurons. Continuous line arrows indicate the efferent connections for the first neuron of each layer. Dashed line arrows indicate the correspondences between joints and tactile sensors and input neurons. The labels on the dashed line arrows refer to the mathematical notation used to indicate the readings of the corresponding sensors. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-dynamics-of-capital-accumulation-across-space-42xr3jlo2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-functional-specifications-and-parameter-values-for-57rlqsj1.png Table 1: Functional specifications and parameter values for the numerical exercise https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-k0-x-k10-x-heterogenous-a-x-left-physical-capital-3bxiy7ey.png Figure 3: k0(x) = k10(x), heterogenous A(x). Left: Physical capital at t = 1, 10, 100. Right: Physical capital at t = 500 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-physical-capital-at-t-500-left-ph-0-001-right-ph-1-xc0bqm5p.png Figure 4: Physical capital at t = 500. Left: φ = 0.001. Right:φ = 1.25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-k0-x-k20-x-heterogenous-a-x-left-physical-capital-co6w8k0h.png Figure 2: k0(x) = k20(x), heterogenous A(x). Left: Physical capital at t = 1, 10, 100. Right: Physical capital at t = 500 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-initial-and-final-consumption-left-ph-0-001-right-2jk4xv9c.png Figure 5: Initial and final consumption. Left: φ = 0.001. Right:φ = 1.25 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heterogenous-k0-x-homogenous-a-x-left-physical-3qx20utq.png Figure 1: Heterogenous k0(x), homogenous A(x). Left: Physical capital. Right: Consumption https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-dynamics-of-supermassive-black-holes-in-gas-rich-star-1feyknbqoy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-evolution-of-1-average-gas-density-within-the-1g3jc8om.png Figure 3. Time evolution of (1) average gas density within the sink sphere (top left); (2) average, mass-weighted, sound speed (blue, short dashes) and maximum sound speed (red, solid) within the sink sphere (top right), we have also represented our simple theoretical model (equations 32 and 34) (green, dot–dashed) compared to the escape velocity from the halo’s centre (orange, long dashes); (3) Bondi (red, solid) and Eddington (blue, dashed) accretion rates (bottom left) and (4) average heating (red, solid) and cooling (blue, dashed) rates within the sink sphere (bottom right) for simulation with AGN feedback only and Mseed = 10 6 M⊙. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-distance-to-the-centre-of-halo-and-21xol4ym.png Figure 8. Evolution of distance to the centre of halo and sink mass for the runs with AGN feedback and NSC for five different seed masses: 105 M⊙ – red (dotted), 106 M⊙ – blue (dash–dotted), 10 7 M⊙ – green (short dashes), 10 8 M⊙ – purple (long dashes) and 10 9 M⊙ – orange (solid). Grey band on the right-hand panel shows predicted SMBH mass based on the halo escape velocity (cf. equation 35). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-distance-to-the-centre-of-halo-and-59iz4dcj.png Figure 2. Evolution of distance to the centre of halo and sink mass for the runs with AGN feedback only for five different seed masses: 105 M⊙ – red (dotted), 106 M⊙ – blue (dash–dotted), 10 7 M⊙ – green (short dashes), 10 8 M⊙ – purple (long dashes) and 10 9 M⊙ – orange (solid). Grey band on the right-hand panel shows predicted SMBH mass based on the density in the sink sphere (cf. equation 33) – lower envelope corresponds to density of 500 H/cc, while upper to 800 H/cc (see Fig. 3). The sink particle resides in the centre of the halo travelling with most massive clump and its growth is limited first by Eddington rate and later terminated at self-regulation scale due to its feedback heating. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-distance-to-the-centre-of-halo-and-dzw5gqnt.png Figure 6. Evolution of distance to the centre of halo and sink mass for the runs with both SN and AGN feedbacks for five different seed masses: 105 M⊙ – red (dotted), 106 M⊙ – blue (dash–dotted), 10 7 M⊙ – green (short dashes), 10 8 M⊙ – purple (long dashes) and 10 9 M⊙ – orange (solid). Grey band on the right-hand panel shows predicted SMBH mass based on the halo escape velocity (cf. equation 35). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stellar-density-profile-at-300myr-for-five-3r6qbu5m.png Figure 7. Stellar density profile at 300Myr for five different simulations: no feedback (red), AGN-only (blue), SN-only (green), SN+AGN (purple) and SN+AGN with NSC modelling (orange). All the profiles are centred with a shrinking sphere technique with respect to the total halo mass. Absence of SN feedback leads to creation of steep stellar profile andmuchmore massive stellar bulge than with runs with SN feedback. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-volume-weighed-projections-of-gas-and-stellar-2uyne7d8.png Figure 5. Volume-weighed projections of gas and stellar surface densities at 1300 Myr for the lower resolution run without NSC (left column) and with NSC (right column). The position of the sink is marked with a dot, while the dashed line marks past 100 Myr of sink’s orbit; Mseed = 10 7 M⊙ for all runs. Blue circles mark positions of few most massive clumps (rclump = 320 pc). (Movies showing dynamical evolution in these two runs can be found at https://youtu.be/uFcV0u_MFOs (without NSC) and https://youtu.be/U0yNnAPTnmA (with NSC).) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-fiducial-parameters-related-to-smbh-sink-3o3y66md.png Table 1. Summary of fiducial parameters related to SMBH sink particles in RAMSES simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-simulation-runs-and-parameters-used-in-2ij5zwr9.png Table 2. Summary of simulation runs and parameters used in this study. Parameters varied with respect to the fiducial run are highlighted in bold print. Columns: (1) subsection in which the simulations are analysed (with exception for fiducial run); (2) maximum allowed refinement level; (3) fraction of SN energy deposited in the gas; (4) drag force modelled (or inclusion of a NSC); (5) initial seed mass in log10 M⊙; (6) AGN feedback. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-effect-of-bank-of-japan-s-outright-purchase-on-the-2c7cados6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-result-of-kalman-filter-159f6l1v.png Fig. 6: Result of Kalman filter https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-result-of-regression-considering-model-effect-3egxqe8d.png Table 4: Result of regression considering model effect https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-correlation-between-x1-and-zero-rate-ut9hadou.png Table 6: Correlation between x1 and zero rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-correlation-between-x2-and-short-long-spread-1rbnxkrm.png Table 7: Correlation between x2 and short-long spread https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-of-constant-parameters-34iyc138.png Table 5: Estimation results of constant parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-result-of-regression-analysis-dkg7q2sn.png Table 9: Result of regression analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-expected-net-supply-share-enss-uh7baq7z.png Fig. 3: Expected net supply share (ENSS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-average-of-the-absolute-change-of-ensss-2ityo0z5.png Table 8: Average of the absolute change of ENSSs https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-effect-of-injection-timing-on-the-ignition-of-lean-2q2f46jeg8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-initial-ph-and-prf-fields-for-n-c-7-h-16-3wt5r4u0.png Fig. 4. Initial φ and PRF fields for n -C 7 H 16 inhomogeneities only before the injection of i -C 8 H 18 (top) and both n -C 7 H 16 and PC 8 H 18 inhomogeneities after the injection of i -C 8 H 18 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-initial-distributions-of-a-the-mass-fractions-of-n-1x9o59xv.png Fig. 5. Initial distributions of (a) the mass fractions of n -heptane and psuedo- iso - octane, Y n −C7H16 –Y PC8H18 , (b) T –Y n −C7H16 , and (c) T –φ and T –PRF, and (d) the distributions of T − φ and T –PRF after the injection of i -C 8 H 18 for Cases 3–8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-isocontours-of-temperature-top-and-hrr-bottom-for-1udbpkqg.png Fig. 14. Isocontours of temperature (top) and HRR (bottom) for Cases 8 and 9 at 3.6 ms (3 °CA ATDC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-temporal-evolutions-of-the-fraction-of-hrr-from-the-1xccbf7o.png Fig. 12. Temporal evolutions of the fraction of HRR from the deflagration mode and the mean HRR for Cases 1–7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-temporal-evolutions-of-a-the-mean-pressure-the-mean-2e11s65b.png Fig. 13. Temporal evolutions of (a) the mean pressure, the mean temperature, the mean HRR, and the maximum temperature, and (b) the mean mass fractions of OH, CO, HO 2 , and H 2 O 2 for Cases 8 and 9. In order to display in the same scale, the mean mass fractions of H 2 O 2 and HO 2 species are increased by a factor of 8 and 100, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-isocontours-of-a-initial-pc-8-h-18-field-b-its-2de4m6pq.png Fig. 6. Isocontours of (a) initial PC 8 H 18 field, (b) its corresponding T drop field ( T ′ = 19.2 K) after the conversion of PC 8 H 18 to i -C 8 H 18 for Cases 3–8, and (c) initial temperature field with T ′ = 20 K for all Cases 1–8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-temporal-evolutions-of-the-mean-pressure-and-the-mean-3jyzwa09.png Fig. 7. Temporal evolutions of the mean pressure and the mean HRR for Cases 1–7 (top), and the mean HRR during the first-stage ignition (bottom). During the first-stage ignition, the temporal evolutions of the mean HRR for Cases 6 ad 7 are identical to that of Case 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-isocontours-of-normalized-hrr-b-scatter-plot-of-1yrz79qo.png Fig. 11. (a) Isocontours of normalized HRR, (b) scatter plot of temperature versus reaction and diffusion rates of CO colored by normalized HRR for Case 5 at 4.5 ms (40% cumulative HRR), and (A)–(D) spatial profiles of reaction and diffusion rates of CO along each cut line in (a). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-effect-of-yttrium-promotion-on-ni-layered-double-4yz2d6mg69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tga-plots-of-the-studied-catalysts-mo-y0-mo-y0-4-mo-y2-21k3tt6f.png Fig. 8. TGA plots of the studied catalysts (MO-Y0, MO-Y0.4, MO-Y2.0, MO-Y4.0) tested in the methanation process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temperature-programmed-oxidation-results-followed-by-1nd7s2ft.png Fig. 9. Temperature-Programmed Oxidation results followed by mass spectroscopy (H2O m/z=18 and CO2 m/z=44x10) on catalysts; a) unpromoted MO catalysts, b) MO-0.4Y. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ni-0-crystallite-size-for-the-reduced-and-spent-1w10u16i.png Table 2 Ni 0 crystallite size for the reduced and spent materials calculated from XRD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ch4-selectivity-of-the-studied-mixed-oxides-catalysts-gg07umqe.png Fig. 5. CH4 selectivity of the studied mixed oxides catalysts (MO-0Y, MO-0.4Y, MO-2.0Y, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-profiles-for-reduced-nano-mixed-oxides-modified-11co0tcy.png Fig. 1. XRD profiles for reduced nano-mixed oxides modified with different yttrium loadings https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-co2-conversion-at-250-degc-and-300-degc-versus-27mgil8a.png Fig. 6. CO2 conversion at 250 °C and 300 °C versus percentage share of medium basic sites of tested catalysts, the black points represent CO2 conversion at 250 °C and the red points represent CO2 conversion at 300 °C https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-parameters-xrd-elemental-composition-xrf-3mkr18ha.png Table 1 Structural parameters (XRD), elemental composition (XRF) and textural properties (BET analysis) of yttrium modified nano-mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcite. Additionally, the nominal values are reported in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-basicity-of-the-studied-catalysts-calculated-from-22qreag1.png Table 4 Basicity of the studied catalysts, calculated from TPD-CO2 for the reduced materials. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-effectiveness-of-an-optimization-method-for-the-22mppxizqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-behavior-of-tcp-window-for-a-network-limited-ftp-b-2cfr4wq7.png Fig. 5 Behavior of TCP window for a) network-limited FTP; b) application-limited MMORPG (WoW) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-smoothed-rtt-rtt-variation-and-retransmission-34m19l0x.png Fig. 23 Smoothed RTT, RTT variation and Retransmission Overhead with multiplexing delay PE=10 and 30 ms in AA’, and different amounts of UDP traffic in C-C’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-upper-bound-of-the-bandwidth-saving-for-different-s6tyx7mw.png Table 1 Upper bound of the bandwidth saving for different games https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-ns2-simulation-scenario-2rj1fhuk.png Fig. 20 NS2 simulation scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-27-quotient-between-retransmission-overhead-using-2l54oapb.png Fig. 27 Quotient between retransmission overhead using different activities and multiplexing periods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-retransmission-overhead-for-different-activities-with-2szl4d9c.png Fig. 26 Retransmission Overhead for different activities with a) PE=10ms; b) PE=30 ms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-smoothed-rtt-rtt-variation-and-retransmission-17m6k15h.png Fig. 25 Smoothed RTT, RTT variation and Retransmission Overhead with multiplexing delay PE=30ms in A-A’, and different values for the uplink bandwidth, when the bottleneck is shared with an FTP connection, or with with 750 kbps of upload UDP traffic in the uplink C-C’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tcp-ipv4-size-distribution-of-the-compressed-headers-6ev2wbpl.png Fig. 9 TCP/IPv4 size distribution of the compressed headers. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-effects-of-powder-morphology-on-the-post-comminution-hv6r0s120r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-as-manufactured-al2o3-1y75ruzp.png Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of as-manufactured Al2O3 powders: (left) 105NS; (right) 6100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rear-surface-manganin-gauge-traces-illustrating-the-3mbv8sh9.png Fig. 9. Rear surface manganin gauge traces illustrating the effect of shock passage through Metco 105NS and 6100: (a) full data including release; (b) shock arrival and initial plateau only. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-key-experimental-results-for-experiment-2-1sp3egof.png Table 3. Key experimental results for experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-variation-of-mass-a-and-ballistic-b-efficiency-with-28fvbwar.png Fig. 7. Variation of mass (a) and ballistic (b) efficiency with pressed ceramic thickness for experiment 2 from Table 3 (plus data from experiment 1 / Table 2, shown in open symbols, for compacts pressed to 150 MPa). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-rear-surface-manganin-gauge-traces-illustrating-the-3sgiuu0s.png Fig. 9. Rear surface manganin gauge traces illustrating the effect of shock passage through Metco 105NS and 6100: (a) full data including release; (b) shock arrival and initial plateau only. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustration-of-pressing-arrangement-target-16ee15pv.png Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of pressing arrangement (target arrangement for experiment 1 shown). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-illustration-of-experimental-dop-target-1s6gxohd.png Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of experimental DOP target configuration for experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-experimental-results-for-experiment-1-3jgflrtr.png Table 2. Key experimental results for experiment 1. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-equivalence-of-blind-equalizers-based-on-mre-and-4moqz5wnto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-equalizer-with-delayk-and-b-superequalizer-combining-vvwvn0lk.png Fig. 1. (a) Equalizer with delayk and (b) superequalizer, combining the outputs of several equalizers at different delays. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-fourth-order-zero-finding-methods-for-polynomials-1vak062tzp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-euclids-norm-of-errors-a-q-means-a-x-10-q-ftbkpwup.png Table 1 Euclid’s norm of errors; A(−q) means A × 10−q . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-iterations-for-various-initial-32s80s72.png Table 2 The number of iterations for various initial approximations and τ = 10−12 https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-extrapolation-of-cfd-results-for-smoke-and-heat-1jdwz1cnrh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-averaged-temperature-fields-between-t-141-s-162-s-10m60875.png Figure 4. Averaged temperature fields between t = 141 s – 162 s of simulations 7, 8, 1 and 3. Ordering from left to right: laminar turbulent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-simulation-data-on-a-vertical-line-in-1rorut31.png Figure 5. Temperature simulation data on a vertical line in the atrium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-smoke-filling-in-an-2dnxyve3.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of smoke filling in an atrium configuration (fire in adjacent room). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-simulation-data-on-a-vertical-line-in-7uemdygo.png Figure 3. Temperature simulation data on a vertical line in the atrium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-averaged-temperature-fields-in-the-vertical-3au16xow.png Figure 2. Averaged temperature fields in the vertical symmetry plane at corresponding times of simulations 1-6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scaling-of-the-imposed-parameters-in-the-eight-v8vis5z5.png Table 1. Scaling of the imposed parameters in the eight simulations. Scaling factor a = 9, and constant Froude Number Fr (Re1 = 16000; Ra1 = 2.2 10 9 ; Fr = 0.106). RS = reduced-scale; FS = full-scale. All simulations are fully turbulent (3 and 4 with changed viscosity), except for 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-initial-values-of-the-imposed-parameters-in-basic-3k3ahfch.png Table 2. Initial values of the imposed parameters in “basic” simulation 1. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-genus-actinometra-mull-with-a-morphological-account-5bspulgavj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-isolated-first-radial-a-ventral-b-dorsal-c-internal-1uln1qle.png Fig. 12. Isolated first radial, a. ventral, b. dorsal, c. internal aspect. 13. Abnormally developed rosette, with two spout-like interradial processes (o) and a basal bridge {b.b.) connecting the ends of two of the radial processes [jA- -^ 1^- *'• ventral, b. dorsal aspect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-act-solaris-proportion-of-non-tentaculiferous-arms-6-3d2v9azo.png Fig. 5. Act. Solaris. Proportion of non-tentaculiferous arms, ^ 6. Act. polymorpha : Type. „ i^ 7. „ „ }> ^ 8. „ „ }> 2b https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-two-united-first-radials-together-with-tlie-portion-of-25e7tq20.png Fig. 9. Two united first radials, together with tlie portion of the rosette which is in connexion with them, as seen from within, x 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-is-just-beyond-the-centre-i-e-across-the-inner-end-of-10sh0kk0.png Fig. 7 is just beyond the centre, i. e. across the inner end of the first radial of D, so that no vertical fibres are visible, as they are only interradial in position. Two sets of them, liowcver, are seen in fig. 8, Avliich shows the first radial of B cut transversely rather further from the centre, so that the fibres [l) eff'ccting its synostosis w'ith the adjacent radials of C and B are cut obliquely ; beneath these are seen the interradial ascending fibres [S.,), which diverge slightly at their u])per extremities (^1). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-interpretation-of-adsorption-and-desorption-kinetics-5eyqdpsh3c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xbl754-6227-1v522w8n.png Fig. 4. XBL754-6227 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xbl-754-6224-3anrhsro.png Fig. 1. XBL 754-6224 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-isothermal-desorption-kinetics-for-hz-on-ni-predicted-1xj2hekt.png Fig. 3. Isothermal desorption kinetics for Hz on Ni predicted from Eq.(Z): plots of -1og8 ~· t. Initial conditions: 8* = 0 and 6 = 0.7 • https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plots-of-logrd-vs-log-6-fe-calculated-fromeq-2-with-390nq6q9.png Fig. 4. XBL754-6227 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xbl-754-6225-fijcfayk.png Fig. 2. XBL 754-6225 https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-inadequacy-of-newswire-reports-for-empirical-research-woielcqepm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-probit-analysis-of-the-likelihood-of-a-reuters-1tlmjhqw.png Table 4: Probit Analysis of the Likelihood of a Reuters Report https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regressions-of-number-of-actual-trades-minus-number-24wkleaa.png Table 5: Regressions of (Number of Actual Trades minus Number of Reuters Reports) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-difference-in-minutes-between-the-first-snb-3iw0a3wm.png Figure 2: Time Difference (in Minutes) between the First SNB Intervention and the First Reuters Report of an SNB Intervention https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-snb-intervention-transactions-1989-to-1995-8lmuhxnz.png Table 1: Number of SNB Intervention Transactions (1989 to 1995) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-properties-of-snb-intervention-r3d9l2cw.png Table 2: Statistical Properties of SNB Intervention Transactions and Reported Interventions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-exchange-rate-volatility-and-trading-volume-1pb9b0bi.png Table 6: Exchange Rate Volatility and Trading Volume https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-regressions-of-the-time-difference-299ukfkx.png Table 3: OLS Regressions of the Time Difference https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-actual-transactions-versus-number-of-znvddbhy.png Figure 1: Number of Actual Transactions versus Number of Reported Interventions https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-inverse-power-laws-for-accelerated-random-fatigue-3moxob17ag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-s-n-curves-for-al-2024-t4-from-ref-18-34319zr1.png Fig. 1. S-N curves for Al 2024-T4 from Ref. [18]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psd-functions-for-random-fatigue-tests-in-ref-18-the-1wzivpqz.png Table 1 PSD functions for random fatigue tests in Ref. [18]; the values Ki are varied in order to attain different stress RMS levels for the same base PSD functions (i.e. PSD “shapes”). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-mitigation-of-cache-hostile-memory-access-patterns-on-2em44jsg9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimated-memory-bandwidth-of-the-default-problem-size-frgg5osn.png Fig. 2: Estimated memory bandwidth of the default problem size shown as a percentage of STREAM (Triad) memory bandwidth on Xeon and Xeon Phi as optimisations are applied (inclusively). Achieved memory bandwidth numbers are shown above each bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimated-bandwidth-for-a-range-of-inputs-by-varying-1tjdyeo8.png Fig. 3: Estimated bandwidth for a range of inputs by varying one dimension. The dashed lines show the baseline performance with the solid lines showing the performance the optimisations applied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-applications-of-a-typical-5-point-stencil-3rj7pel1.png Fig. 1: Applications of a typical 5-point stencil https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-minimum-common-integer-partition-problem-3vb30u0wuo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-5-4-approximation-algorithm-for-2-mcip-1t2yenag.png Fig. 2. A 5 4 -approximation algorithm for 2-MCIP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-k-approximation-algorithm-for-k-mcip-161q3iqq.png Fig. 3. A k-approximation algorithm for k-MCIP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-2-approximation-algorithm-for-2-mcip-3ckz19tq.png Fig. 1. A 2-approximation algorithm for 2-MCIP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-3k-k-1-3k-2-approximation-algorithm-for-k-mcip-24kqszgs.png Fig. 4. A 3k(k−1) 3k−2 -approximation algorithm for k-MCIP. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-link-between-precipitation-and-the-ice-water-path-srcsm12dqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-near-global-distribution-map-of-values-24l0wujh.png Figure 3: (a) Near-global distribution map of 𝛃 values characterized by R2 > 0.8 during June–July–August 2007. (b) Histograms (1–4) of the 𝛃 values over four selected boxes (10 x 20 pixels), correspondingly numbered in (a), with the local mean 𝛃 value, standard deviation and mean 𝐑𝟐 (see text in each histogram). (c) 𝛃 histograms for the tropics (20° S – 30° N, blue) and the mid-latitude regions in both hemispheres (20° – 50° S and 30° – 50° N, 15 red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-near-global-distribution-maps-of-a-rain-rate-rr-mm-39pcan85.png Figure 2: Near-global distribution maps of (a) rain rate (RR, mm h-1), (b) ice water path (IWP, g m-2), (c) R2 and 5 (d) exponent (i.e., slope) for June–July–August 2007. The value was estimated based on Eq. (3). The resolution of the R2 and value maps is 1° but calculations for each pixel were based on a box of 5 x 5 pixels surrounding that pixel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-near-global-distribution-map-of-values-41til6rj.png Figure 4: (a) Near-global distribution map of 𝛃 values characterized by R2 > 0.8 during June–July–August (JJA) 2006. (b) 𝛃-value histograms for JJA in 3 different years (2006–2008), divided for the tropics (20° S – 30° N) and mid-latitude regimes of both hemispheres (20° – 50° S and 30° – 50° N). (c, d) Similar to (a, b) but for the months December–January–February (DJF) 2005/6 (c) and DJF 2005/6-2007/8 (d). Dashed lines in each map mark the equator along 0° latitude and the tropics/mid-latitude borders. 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-maps-of-a-ice-water-path-iwp-g-m-2-derived-4ni9arcx.png Figure 1: Mean maps of (a) ice water path (IWP, g m-2) derived from MODIS-Aqua and (b) surface rain rate (RR, mm h-1) derived from TRMM-TMPA for June–July–August 2007. (c) Scatter plot of 𝐥𝐨𝐠( 𝑹𝑹 𝑹𝑹̅̅ ̅̅ https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-microstructure-of-polypropylenes-by-pyrolysis-gc-ms-5dykzho4m0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-profile-of-eluition-of-pentamers-based-on-ion-2pp9fchy.png Table 1. Profile of eluition of pentamers (based on ion extraction at m/z 111) and association of peaks diastereoisomer. The grey circles refers to C5 where inversion during intramolecular transfer can occur . Enantiomeric forms are not reported https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-profile-of-eluition-of-hexamers-based-on-ion-26x51x87.png Table 2. Profile of eluition of hexamers (based on ion extraction at m/z 111) and association of peaks diastereoisomer. The grey circles refer to C5 an C9 possibly subjected to inversion during intramolecular transfer. Enantiomeric form are not reported https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-non-attractive-character-of-gravity-in-f-r-theories-3faqc7e2tu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-plane-for-model-i-in-vacuum-the-pairs-a-b-lying-39ti5y60.png Figure 1. (α, β) plane for Model I in vacuum: the pairs (α, β) lying in the blue region are those that satisfy α(β − 2) > 0 and consequently R0 > 0. The black meshed zone fulfills f ′′(R0) ≥ 0 which is a stability condition commented in section 3. The red zone does not satisfy the condition Geff = G/(1 + f ′(R0)) > 0 and therefore the inequality (4.16) is not valid there as commented in the previous section. Finally, the red meshed zone does not satisfy f(R)/R→ 0 as R→∞, thus for these parameters one cannot recover GR behavior at early times. The parameters that provide a positive contribution from the space-time geometry, i.e. Mξa = −Rabξaξb > 0, to the Raychaudhuri equation for congruences of timelike geodesics are those of the blue zone excluding the red zone about which no statement can be done with our discussion. We have also added current cosmological constraints on the value of |f ′(R0)|, the green meshed region is compatible with |f ′(R0)| < 0.35 and the region between the dashed black lines is compatible with |f ′(R0)| < 0.07. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-b-plane-for-model-iv-in-vacuum-r-is-considered-at-2jdenl79.png Figure 4. (α, β) plane for Model IV in vacuum: R+ is considered at the upper panel whereas the lower panel considers R−. The blue zone represents the region where R+ > 0 (R− > 0). In the meshed zone the condition f ′′(R+) ≥ 0 (f ′′(R−) ≥ 0) holds. The red zone parameters can not be considered in our discussion since Geff = G/(1 + f ′(R+)) > 0 (Geff = G/(1 + f ′(R−)) > 0) does not hold there. Finally, the parameters falling in the grey zone do not fulfill α(α − 1) ≥ 0 which is a necessary condition in this model in order to provide a solution with constant scalar curvature. Furthermore, the viability condition f(R)/R → 0 as R → ∞ is always satisfied, thus this model recovers GR behavior at early times for every value of the parameters. As for the previous models, we also consider current cosmological upper bounds on the value of |f ′(R0)|. The green meshed region is compatible with |f ′(R0)| < 0.35 and the region between the dashed black line and the grey zone is compatible with |f ′(R0)| < 0.07. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-b-plane-for-model-ii-in-vacuum-for-the-parameters-2ljen0i2.png Figure 2. (α, β) plane for Model II in vacuum: for the parameters in the blue zone a positive constant scalar curvature exists. The condition f ′′(R0) ≥ 0 is fulfilled in the meshed zone. Let us remember that for this model the condition f ′′(R0) ≥ 0 depends on the sign of R0 and the value of α. For simplicity, the condition f ′′(R0) ≥ 0 is plotted after assuming R0 > 0 since this is the case in which we are interested. Moreover, for R0 > 0 the condition f ′′(R0) ≥ 0 does not depend on the value of α. In the red region the condition Geff = G/(1 + f ′(R0)) > 0 does not hold and consequently the inequality (4.16) does not apply there. For α = 1, represented by the dashed blue line, the model recovers GR behavior at early times. Finally, the same upper bounds on the value of |f ′(R0)| considered in the previous model, namely |f ′(R0)| < 0.35 and |f ′(R0)| < 0.07, are plotted. These restrictions are satisfied between the green lines and dashed black lines respectively. Let us recall that we have only plotted these contraints on the region where R0 > 0 for simplicity. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-need-for-cultural-sensitivity-in-digital-wellbeing-4uetgvm5nm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-participants-in-agreement-they-would-39tgb3c6.png Table 3. Percentage of participants in agreement they would like control over different functions of the intervention software (italics indicate statistically significant difference) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-participants-in-agreement-that-1sts3ewa.png Table 2. Percentage of participants in agreement that different delivery types, themes and sources would be useful (italics indicate statistically significant difference) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-participants-in-agreement-that-zw4k6iu5.png Table 1. Percentage of participants in agreement that intervention message type would be useful (italics indicate statistically significant difference) https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-nature-of-bursting-in-transport-and-turbulence-in-3u2iz39mhs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-scaling-of-the-drift-wave-intensity-level-with-the-q68x9sq7.png FIG. 5. The scaling of the drift wave intensity level with the zonal flow collisional damping !circles" shown together with the )d 0.75 scaling obtained in Ref. 15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-linear-growth-rate-of-the-drift-waves-and-their-3nk6bmfo.png FIG. 1. The linear growth rate of the drift waves and their spectra just before the onset of the zonal flow (t"16.6) and at its developed regime (t"23.6, see also Fig. 2". https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-system-dynamics-in-the-limit-d-0-dimits-shift-2lt7593p.png FIG. 4. The system dynamics in the limit )d→0 !Dimits shift regime". https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-almost-strictly-periodic-sequence-of-bursts-limit-k7ca9igt.png FIG. 3. Almost strictly periodic sequence of bursts !limit cycle" with only the first one slightly stronger than subsequent ones due to the transient effects caused by initial conditions. In this case the initial spectrum was taken to be significantly broader than in Fig. 2, which does not influence the time asymptotic behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-sequence-of-turbulence-pulses-that-time-5v0aypgt.png FIG. 2. The sequence of turbulence pulses that time asymptotically converges to a fixed point rather than a limit cycle. The maximum growth rate of the zonal flow coincides with the maximum of the DW intensity, as illustrated by the vertical dotted line. Two other lines indicate times at which the kr-specra shown in Fig. 1 are scanned. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-multivariate-gamma-gamma-distribution-with-arbitrary-56qpt1dqy4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-analytical-and-simulated-cdf-of-the-sum-ofgg-rvs-r-0-1-k1v0r2ff.png Fig. 1. Analytical and simulated CDF of the sum ofΓΓ RVs (ρ = 0.1 and β = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-ber-of-space-diversity-fso-system-with-three-31odmhhr.png Fig. 6. Average BER of space diversity FSO system with three ap rtures and one beam over strong turbulence fading channels against theaverage electrical SNR λ̄. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-objectivity-reliability-and-validity-of-deep-learning-1zn18clbrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-figure-s8-characteristics-of-all-five-bioimage-2j577ia7.png Figure 5 Figure S8 Characteristics of all five bioimage datasets https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-supplementary-figures-3kxvgvka.png Table 3. List of supplementary figures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-resources-and-reagents-3a4u976e.png Table 2. Key resources and reagents. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-origins-of-riemann-hilbert-problems-in-mathematics-4ykeg2xidn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-wigners-semicircular-law-for-a-rescaled-500-x-500-3oq6dcm1.png Figure 9. Wigner’s semicircular law for a rescaled 500 × 500 GUE matrix on the left. Plotted is the rescaled histogram of its 500 eigenvalues, sampled 100 times, against the semicircular density in red. On the right we compare Wigner’s law to the exact eigenvalue density for n = 4 in blue and to the associated eigenvalue histogram, again sampled 100 times. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-oriented-contour-g-in-blue-together-with-the-slhb5tas.png Figure 6. The oriented contour Γ in blue together with the sectors Ω±. The endpoints are ξ := eiφ = z(−Λ), ξ̄ = e−iφ and the angle φ in (6.17) is shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-sensitive-dependence-of-u-u-x-s-for-x-0-on-the-bi0mdyg2.png Figure 7. The sensitive dependence of u = u(x|s) for x 0 on the monodromy data s = (−i√γ, 0, i√γ) for three values of γ. In green we show γ = 1, in red γ = 1.001 and in blue γ = 0.999. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparing-the-tracy-widom-distribution-f-x-in-red-r30n47fx.png Figure 8. Comparing the Tracy–Widom distribution F(x) in red to the standard normal distribution Z(x) in blue. On the left, probability density functions, on the right cumulative distribution functions. The asymmetry of the Tracy–Widom distribution is clearly visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-integration-contour-g-for-6-7-shown-in-blue-jfb3c77r.png Figure 4. The integration contour Γ for (6.7) shown in blue with branch cut in red. On the left our choice for x < 0 and on the right for x > 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-oriented-contour-g-in-blue-together-with-the-2g3q4ly4.png Figure 2. The oriented contour Γ in blue together with the aformentioned red fundamental loops γ i. Some values of G(z) are indicated in green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-oriented-contour-6-i-1-gi-in-blue-together-with-fpzz533e.png Figure 5. The oriented contour ⋃6 i=1 Γi in blue together with the sectors Ωi in between. The six rays areΓi = {z ∈ C : arg z = π6 + π 3 (i− 1)} and we indicate the values ofG(z) on them in green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-pointwise-limits-x-z-at-some-z-ai-ai-1-i-1-n-in-1ru5nly3.png Figure 3. The pointwise limits X±(z) at some z ∈ (ai, ai+1), i = 1, . . . , n in red. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-optimal-solution-for-ber-performance-improvement-in-37tn864oh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ber-performance-of-the-ofdm-af-fg-relay-systems-with-2m0ctn78.png Fig. 4. BER performance of the OFDM AF FG relay systems with SCM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ber-performance-comparison-of-the-ofdm-relay-systems-23g0rstw.png Fig. 5. BER performance comparison of the OFDM relay systems with SCM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ber-performance-of-the-ofdm-relay-systems-with-scm-as-1e2a28d5.png Fig. 6. BER performance of the OFDM relay systems with SCM as a function of average SNR on R-D link https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-scheme-of-the-ofdm-af-fg-relay-station-with-scm-3uyddmrk.png Fig. 1. Block scheme of the OFDM AF FG relay station with SCM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-scheme-of-the-ofdm-df-relay-station-with-scm-5t2yxf1y.png Fig. 3. Block scheme of the OFDM DF relay station with SCM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-scheme-of-the-ofdm-af-vg-relay-station-with-scm-2rpjukrv.png Fig. 2. Block scheme of the OFDM AF VG relay station with SCM https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-performance-of-weighted-bootstrapped-kernel-5b16wew773 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-p-values-of-kolmogorov-smirnov-tests-of-uniformity-1o091m9h.png Table 1: P-values of Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests of uniformity in H(A)0 , H (B) 0 , H (C) 0 , H (D) 0 , and H (E) 0 under different setup. P-values that are larger than 10% appear in boldface. A larger p-value indicates that the corresponding method works better under the particular values of n and h = H1 or H2. The top half of the table corresponds to the case where f is the pdf of a Gamma distribution with shape parameter 5 and scale parameter 0.1, and the bottom half corresponds to f being the pdf of a normal distribution with μ = 0.5 and σ = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-of-empirical-cdfs-when-f-is-the-density-of-a-2piaw5lv.png Figure 2: Plots of empirical cdf’s when f is the density of a Normal distribution with μ = 0.5 and σ = 0.2. Here, plots (a1) to (a6) correspond to U1, ∙ ∙ ∙ , U300, (b1) to (b6) correspond to U∗1 , ∙ ∙ ∙ , U ∗ 300, (c1) to (c6) and (d1) to (d6) correspond to Ũ1, . . . , Ũ300, (e1) to (e6) and (f1) to (f6) correspond to Û1, ∙ ∙ ∙ , Û300, and (g1) to (g6) correspond to U †1 , . . . , U † 300. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-following-table-presents-the-actual-coverages-of-1wz5xfv8.png Table 2: The following table presents the actual coverages of various confidence bands (measured as the proportion of 300 bands that captured the true pdf). The numbers appearing in brackets are the average areas of the confidence bands (averaged over 300 bands). The boldfaced values are those actual coverages that are closest to the 90% nominal coverage probability (they fall within a [90±1]% range). Here, the top half of the table corresponds to the case where f is the pdf of a Gamma distribution with shape parameter 5 and scale parameter 0.1, and the bottom half corresponds to the case where f is the pdf of a Normal distribution with μ = 0.5 and σ = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plots-of-empirical-cdfs-when-f-is-the-density-of-a-39vi2zaz.png Figure 1: Plots of empirical cdf’s when f is the density of a Gamma distribution with the shape parameter 5 and scale parameter 0.1. Here, plots (a1) to (a6) correspond to U1, ∙ ∙ ∙ , U300, (b1) to (b6) correspond to U∗1 , ∙ ∙ ∙ , U ∗ 300, (c1) to (c6) and (d1) to (d6) correspond to Ũ1, . . . , Ũ300, (e1) to (e6) and (f1) to (f6) correspond to Û1, ∙ ∙ ∙ , Û300, and (g1) to (g6) correspond to U †1 , . . . , U † 300. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-pressure-generated-by-thermite-reactions-using-stress-18h8hvxrbu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synchrotron-xrd-strain-measurements-and-standard-2bwcxai9.png Table 2. Synchrotron XRD strain measurements and standard deviation in measured values for SQ Al particle sizes indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pressure-as-a-function-of-time-for-un-al-red-curves-24g3ljsa.png Figure 2. Pressure as a function of time for UN Al (red curves) and SQ Al (blue curves) mixtures of Al+Bi2O3 for various Al particle sizes indicated on the graphs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-drop-hammer-impact-test-apparatus-including-a-the-o0i5ga99.png Figure 1. Drop-hammer impact test apparatus including (a) the assembled pressure cell, (b) the cell interior where the pellet is placed, as well as the pressure transducer and the optical fiber probe ports extruding from the cell, (c) the disassembled pressure chamber components, and (d) the completed setup where the weights of the carriage fall along the guide rails onto the cell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pressure-as-a-function-of-time-for-varied-al-eqhtbrhn.png Figure 3. Pressure as a function of time for varied Al particle sizes in the Al+Bi2O3 reaction. The Al particle processing condition is indicated on the graphs (super-quenched Al, SQ and untreated Al, UN). Reactivity is a stronger function of particle size for SQ-Al+ Bi2O3 than for UN-Al+Bi2O3. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-progenitors-of-local-group-novae-ii-the-red-giant-3909gwrw7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-density-of-resolved-stellar-sources-in-the-m31-1dgjiohn.png Figure 4. The density of resolved stellar sources in the M31 field as a function of distance from the center of the galaxy, computed along the north-eastern axis of M31. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-plot-showing-the-distribution-of-likelihood-37ln5zbe.png Figure 9. A plot showing the distribution of likelihood probabilities over the full range of disk RG-nova population proportions, 0 ≤ φd ≤ 1 (resolution φd = 0.02) assuming that there is no contribution to the RG-nova population from the bulge novae (φb = 0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-spatial-distribution-of-the-38-novae-from-the-u86b06nj.png Figure 1. The spatial distribution of the 38 novae from the survey for M31 nova progenitors published in Paper I. The black points represent the 38 novae in the survey, with the eleven with likely resolved progenitors further circled. The eight RG-nova candidates used in this analysis, those found in ACS/WFC data from LT eruption images, are circled in black, with the other three circled in dark gray (see Section 2). The light gray ellipses represent isophotes from the surface photometry of M31 from Kent (1987). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-m31-nova-candidates-discovered-in-each-calendar-35nlxokz.png Table 1 M31 nova candidates discovered in each calendar month / year from the start of 2006 to the end of 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-m31-nova-candidates-with-confirmation-1k00maga.png Table 2 Proportion of M31 nova candidates with confirmation spectroscopy in each calendar month from the start of Aug 2006 to the end of Feb 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-apparent-distance-from-the-center-of-m31-of-the-zo91g96q.png Figure 8. The apparent distance from the center of M31 of the eight progenitor candidates identified in ACS/WFC data from LT eruption images, compared to that expected if such systems were associated with the bulge, the disk, or the entire stellar population of M31. The solid black line represents the eight RG-nova candidates used in this analysis. The dashed black line represents the distribution of all 33 novae with ACS/WFC data. The solid gray line shows the bias corrected DBK06 model distribution of M31 novae (i.e. both bulge and disk population). The dashed gray line shows the expected distribution of disk novae, with the dotted gray line representing that expected of bulge novae in the Paper I survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distance-and-extinction-corrected-seds-showing-the-oebhwy7l.png Figure 11. Distance and extinction corrected SEDs showing the progenitor systems of the quiescent Galactic RNe T CrB, RS Oph, KT Eri, and U Sco (the green, red, magenta, and blue data, respectively, see also the figure key). The gray data indicates the quiescent M31 1 year period recurrent M31N 2008-12a (see, Darnley et al. 2014), and the black data indicate the Paper I systems (1) M31N 2007-02b, (3) 2007-11b, (4) 2007-11d, (5) 2007-11e, (6) 2007-12a, (7) 2007-12b, (9) 2009-11d, and (11) 2010-09b. Units are chosen for comparison with similar plots in Schaefer (2010, see their Figure 71) and Darnley et al. (2014, 2015, see their Figures 4 and 11, respectively). The left-hand plot is the low extinction scenario, where only the line-of-sight (Galactic) extinction towards M31 is considered (EB−V = 0.1; Stark et al. 1992). The right-hand plot considers an additional extinction internal to M31, as shown for each Paper I nova in Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-upper-and-lower-limits-from-hst-data-on-the-time-it-45fijyji.png Figure 5. Upper and lower limits from HST data on the time it took the novae from Paper I to reach quiescence. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-resolution-of-ambiguities-in-the-extraction-of-3sfa3b5fir 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-syntactic-error-rates-for-anne-and-beckys-1gvftvbr.png Table 1: Syntactic error rates for Anne and Becky’s simulations at two levels of chunking. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-that-the-fits-for-the-simulations-increase-as-192z0fpi.png Figure 2 shows that the fits for the simulations increase as the chunking rate increases. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-role-of-physical-modelling-in-atmospheric-and-oceanic-2xo0hu842p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-internal-gravity-waves-produced-behind-islands-in-1sv659zy.png Figure 1. .Internal gravity waves produced behind islands in the atmosphere (left) and in a laboratory model (right), from [5]. The color maps indicate fields of vertical displacement for the interface without Coriolis force (first column of three views), and with Coriolis force (second column). The three rows correspond respectively to a flow velocity lower, equal and higher than the wave propagation velocity. The main effect of rotation is to reduce the lateral extension, in particular for the bow wave, but it does not introduce asymmetry between the two sides in this regime (the total width of the domain is 8 m). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flow-numerically-calculated-around-the-antarctic-1kizc3cn.png Figure 3: Flow numerically calculated around the Antarctic Peninsula (left) and physical model (right) with a simplified barrier. Horizontal (top) and vertical (bottom) cuts showing the vector field projected on the plane of cut (arrows) and the normal component as color map. The position of the vertical cut is indicated by the transverse line in the horizontal cut (from ref [8]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-denmark-strait-overflow-in-situ-measurement-of-the-mvdedhc2.png Figure 4. Denmark Strait overflow, in-situ measurement of the dense water thickness (a, from [12]) and laboratory model (b, from [13]). The dense water, colored by a red dye, is introduced at the top of the slope (2 m wide). The downward flow is deviated by the Coriolis force, while instability generates a large coherent vortex. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-eddies-shed-in-the-wake-of-an-island-left-side-and-3l9g45mv.png Figure 2. Eddies shed in the wake of an island (left side) and in a laboratory experiment [7] (behind a cylinder 2 m in diameter). The stronger coherence of cyclonic vortices (colored in red in the experiments) is observed in the appropriate range of Rossby number, like in the atmosphere. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-role-of-wave-particle-interactions-in-the-evolution-506gj8528e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-radial-dependance-of-the-proton-perpendicular-18ud2gx6.png FIGURE 2. Radial dependance of the proton perpendicular temperature obtained from a hybrid expanding simulation (solid line). The slope of the adiabatic CGL prediction r−2 (dashed line) and the observational dependence r−1.1 inferred by Helios data between 0.3 and 1 AU for the fast wind, are also reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-parametric-decay-of-a-mother-right-handed-alfven-2djvqm50.png FIGURE 1. Parametric decay of a mother right handed Alfvén wave with k = 0.2ωp/c. Left panels report: top, the temporal evolution of density rms; middle, energy of forward (solid) and backward (dotted) waves; bottom, spectrum of magnetic (solid), density (dashed) and parallel electric field (dot-dashed) fluctuations. Right panels: top and middle, proton distribution in a portion of the phase space x-vx parallel to the magnetic field, at time t = 1200Ω−1p and t = 1500Ω−1p respectively; grey scale encodes the number of particles increasing from darker grey, solid line refers to the density fluctuations profile. Bottom, reduced parallel proton distribution at time t = 1800Ω−1p . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proton-distribution-function-in-velocity-space-v-v-3a7ntseg.png FIGURE 3. Proton distribution function in velocity space v‖-v⊥ at time t = 2000Ω−1p resulting from the wave-particle interactions during the plasma expansion. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-similarities-and-differences-between-classical-53hv5j6ntt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-qualitative-analysis-different-types-of-refinement-2boevp3b.png Figure 16: Qualitative analysis: Different types of refinement strategies using LR B-splines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2d-diagonal-refinement-number-of-non-zero-elements-skv9vdd3.png Table 7: 2D Diagonal Refinement: Number of non-zero elements in the stiffness matrices at the last refinement iteration of the bivariate diagonal refinement. The last two columns present the ratios, rounded to the nearest percent point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-lr-b-splines-the-biquadratic-basis-constructed-on-16483fdw.png Figure 12: LR B-splines: The biquadratic basis constructed on the same mesh, and the corresponding functions, as in Figure 4 and 8. For each function, on the left is presented a top view of the evaluation plot and on the right the elements constituting its actual support. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-1d-central-refinement-graphs-of-the-conditioning-2lzke04r.png Figure 19: 1D Central Refinement: Graphs of the conditioning numbers of stiffness matrices (left column) and mass matrices (right column) from p = 2 (top) to p = 5 (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1d-central-refinement-number-of-non-zero-elements-in-2qtxo3mj.png Table 1: 1D Central Refinement: Number of non-zero elements in the stiffness matrix at the last (6th) refinement iteration. The last two columns present the ratios, rounded to the nearest percentage point. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1d-central-refinement-the-conditioning-numbers-for-p-3uppt5u5.png Table 2: 1D Central Refinement: The conditioning numbers for p = 2 throughout the mesh refinement. Stiffness Matrix above, Mass Matrix below. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-2d-diagonal-refinement-the-first-three-steps-of-3uvlt1ds.png Figure 27: 2D Diagonal Refinement: The first three steps of the refinement process in the cases p = 2 (above) and p = 3 (below). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-2d-diagonal-refinement-the-conditioning-numbers-for-35sc56es.png Table 8: 2D Diagonal Refinement: The conditioning numbers for p = 2 in the various iterations of the diagonal refinement. Stiffness Matrix above, Mass Matrix below. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-social-value-of-quality-an-economic-evaluation-of-the-4cfrpzmkr3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baldrige-performance-excellence-program-operating-x6z04dy2.png Table 2. Baldrige Performance Excellence Program operating costs ($2010 thousands)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-disaggregated-analysis-of-components-of-ratio-of-2yg5oz1q.png Table 6. Disaggregated analysis of components of ratio of social benefits to social costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-present-value-of-shortfalls-avoided-in-consumer-g2cliqrk.png Table 5. Present value of shortfalls avoided in consumer surplus and producer surplus https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-present-value-of-counterfactual-cost-savings-je36qw6y.png Table 4. Present value of counterfactual cost savings https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-present-value-of-baldrige-performance-excellence-2xy3sopw.png Table 3. Present value of Baldrige Performance Excellence Program operating costs and application costs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shows-a-firm-with-average-cost-ac-and-facing-demand-d-1kkq24df.png Fig. 1 shows a firm, with average cost AC and facing demand D, that sells its differentiated product or service in amount Q* at price P* in a market with other sellers.5 The area defined by the triangle ABP* represents the consumer surplus. Producer surplus is represented by the rectangle P*BEF. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-structure-of-the-helmholtz-layer-and-its-implications-3xsfa7kid4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-determination-of-the-relative-potential-drop-in-the-2rexjl7w.png Table I: Determination of the relative potential drop in the space charge layer of differently doped n-Si samples and the according potential drop VHH in the Helmholtz double layer (see text). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-spectral-coexistence-of-gso-and-ngso-fss-systems-30m51ewu6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-traffic-load-variation-at-the-ngso-earth-terminal-33jb6tie.png Figure 2. Traffic load variation at the NGSO earth terminal with respect to the local time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-eirp-for-the-ngso-satellite-system-using-3grosbua.png Figure 5. Comparison EIRP for the NGSO satellite system using the range-based power control, EIRPmax = 10dBW,SNRmin = 15dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-received-snr-at-the-ngso-earth-16kysqy4.png Figure 6. Comparison of received SNR at the NGSO earth terminal using the range-based power control, Ptxmax = 10dBW,SNRmin = 15dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-isdmin-between-gso-and-ngso-earth-terminals-with-1ig0y6zu.png Figure 12. ISDmin between GSO and NGSO earth terminals with respect to dne,ns, φ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-antenna-gain-pattern-of-ngso-fss-system-in-downlink-lhl04dmt.png Figure 4. Antenna gain pattern of NGSO FSS system in downlink. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-isdmin-between-gso-and-ngso-earth-terminals-3vwow7ei.png Figure 11. ISDmin between GSO and NGSO earth terminals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cdf-of-the-interference-at-gso-earth-terminal-2an8t6ua.png Figure 10. CDF of the interference at GSO earth terminal, using TA-RPC, TA-CPC, & TA-PC algorithms. Ith = −10dB, SNRmin = 13dB,EIRP = 5dBW . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-interference-level-comparison-at-gso-earth-terminal-2cun22r0.png Figure 9. Interference level comparison at GSO earth terminal caused by NGSO satellite system, Ith = −10dB,EIRP = 5dBW . https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-statistics-of-flame-stretch-in-turbulent-premixed-jet-cbmjkdgavn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-jpdf-of-s-and-n-for-flame-r4-at-x-l-0-6-the-most-x8kna7bh.png Figure 6: JPDF of S and ∇ · n for flame R4 at x/L = 0.6. The most probable values (white solid circle) and the mean values (white cross) are marked. The marginals are shown for all flames. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulations-parameters-all-scales-of-turbulence-and-34z9bifn.png Table 1: Simulations parameters. All scales of turbulence and related nondimensional groups are evaluated at the crosswise location where 〈C 〉 = 0.73 and the streamwise location where detailed statistics of stretch and its components are presented (x/L = 0.6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-surface-averaged-mean-contribution-to-s-n-s-by-hdog1o9v.png Figure 7: (a) Surface averaged mean contribution to 〈 S∇ · n 〉s by samples in each quadrant. (b) Probability of events occurring in each quadrant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-instantaneous-snapshots-of-the-mass-fraction-102-3pwah03e.png Figure 1: Instantaneous snapshots of the mass fraction (102 ppm) of the O radical (top row). Surface density function Σ (mm−1) contour plot and mean progress variable field 〈C 〉 isolines (bottom row) for all four flame configurations. The isocontours for 〈C 〉 are 0.1, 0.5, 0.73 (cyan), and 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-turbulent-flame-speed-s-t-s-l-mean-flame-area-a-b6x3g1gk.png Figure 2: (a) Turbulent flame speed S T /S L, mean flame area A/Ac, correction factor I0, and flame height L/H. (b) Scatter plot and conditional statistics of |∇C| and heat release rate (HRR) in flame R3 and a one-dimensional laminar flame. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-jpdf-of-stretch-k-and-tangential-strain-rate-a-u-n-19t0e30f.png Figure 4: JPDF of stretch K and tangential strain rate a = ∇·u−n∇un (a) and stretch K and curvature term S∇ · n (d) at x/L = 0.6 for flame R4. The marginals of the tangential strain (b,c) and curvature term (e,f) are shown for all four flames. All quantities are weighted by |∇C|/〈 |∇C| 〉s and normalized by τη. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-integral-of-s-in-the-crosswise-direction-p-b-x0bsw0ri.png Figure 3: (a) Integral of Σ in the crosswise direction, Π. (b) surface averaged mean values of stretch, tangential strain rate and curvature term. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-supposed-presence-of-miocene-tayassuidae-and-gyqex12n8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sylvochoerus-woodburnei-usnm-205346-palate-with-3vzv9g3i.png FIG 2. A, Sylvochoerus woodburnei, USNM 205346, palate with complete dentition and portion of left zygomatic arch; B, USNM 513221, partial left ramus with dp3-—m2. C, Tayassu pecari, USNM 38447, upper postcanine dentition (P2-M3), and D, lower left p2-m3. Arrows: 1, bunodont molar morphology described in the text. Scale bars = 1 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-section-showing-the-characteristic-main-1ko9fmj3.png FIG 8. Schematic section showing the characteristic main elements of the landscape in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia (lowlands). Modified from Latrubesse et al. (2010). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-thermal-hydraulic-optimization-of-demo-divertor-21k9g4ofsd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vt-diffuser-geometrical-parameters-25yu3yz8.png Fig. 5. VT diffuser geometrical parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-demo-divertor-cassette-2016-design-2d5d1mtw.png Fig. 1. DEMO divertor cassette 2016 design. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-of-selected-mesh-parameters-3rsrq2v3.png Table 8. Summary of selected mesh parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pfcs-cooling-circuit-layout-option-2-rev-a-1qhp5822.png Fig. 2. PFCs cooling circuit layout option 2 (Rev A). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-summary-of-cfd-analysis-results-216szij1.png Table 9. Summary of CFD analysis results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-coolant-operative-conditions-1k5nc6u9.png Table 1. Summary of coolant operative conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-selected-mesh-parameters-xdnp5j4m.png Table 2. Summary of selected mesh parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-assumptions-models-and-bcs-3qb54fiy.png Table 3. Summary of assumptions, models and BCs. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-trail-of-primate-scent-signals-a-field-analysis-of-2ag5b7y9pm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-group-composition-and-samples-used-in-the-present-upz5l8s4.png TABLE 1 Group composition and samples used in the present analysis https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-transition-from-accretion-powered-to-rotation-powered-2cqzjlivae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-g-ray-luminosity-and-the-surface-magnetic-ttm7x0ck.png Figure 3. Predicted γ -ray luminosity and the surface magnetic field at the transition from the accretion-powered to rotation-powered phases. The results are for the accretion rate described by the critical value, that is, Ṁ = Ṁc and β = 0.5. The different lines represent results for the different typical energy of the X-ray photons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-p-vs-bs-for-the-msps-the-triangles-and-1vgjprpi.png Figure 2. Plot of P vs. Bs for the MSPs. The triangles and diamonds represent the field-isolated MSPs and the field binary MSP with an orbital period smaller than 10 days. In addition, the circles show the MSPs with a characteristic age larger than 10 Gyr. The filled square represents the newly born MSP J1023+0038 with Bs = 3 × 108 G, which is indicated as an upper limit. The solid, dashed, and dot-dashed line present the relation Pe = 1.7κB7/6 with κ = 1, κ = 0.4, and κ = 0.2. The dotted line represents the line of f = 1 with E0.1 = 1. The results are for R6 = M1.4 = s1 = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-irradiation-by-the-g-rays-from-31lwzx5z.png Figure 1. Schematic view of irradiation by the γ -rays from the outer gap (shadowed region) within a pulsar magnetosphere. The outer gap accelerator is extending between the null charge surface, where Ω · B = 0, to the light cylinder. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-transition-width-of-finite-impulse-response-digital-4lds5hya0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-frequency-response-and-error-curve-for-anbptimal-low-3uicxz1v.png Fig. 1. Frequency response and error curve for anbptimal low-pass filter defining the basic filter parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-use-of-the-main-sequence-knee-saddle-to-measure-18d764i6nf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-panel-color-and-magnitude-of-the-ms-saddle-3d9p29mf.png Figure 6. Left panel: Color and magnitude of the MS-saddle (squares) and MS-knee (circles) points shown in Figure 4 are translated here in temperature and luminosity, respectively. Right panel: At fixed luminosity, the ∆Teff between two pairs of models (BaSTIDSED) and (BaSTI-VR) is presented in blue and red, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-panel-a-vr-isochrone-is-adjusted-to-hotter-red-s8kuuv57.png Figure 7. Left panel: A VR isochrone is adjusted to hotter (red line) and cooler (blue line) temperatures by 100 K with respect to the normal one (green line) and then transformed to the observed (F110W,F110W−F160W ) plane. Right panel: In the same filter combination, a BaSTI isochrone colored using its usual BCs is shown in magenta, compared to the same isochrone colored using the Casagrande & VandenBerg (2014) BCs (in black). Triangles, squared and circles indicate the MS-TO, MS-saddle and MS-knee, respectively, in both panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-panel-f110w-f110w-f160w-cmd-of-47-tucanae-with-2z8gtj01.png Figure 2. Left panel – (F110W,F110W − F160W ) CMD of 47 Tucanae, with BaSTI, DSED and VR isochrones superimposed in magenta, violet and green respectively. Right panel – (Ks, J − Ks) CMD of NGC 6624 with the adopted isochrones overimposed. The color code is shown in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-predicted-relations-between-age-in-gyr-and-the-qfjwohi4.png Figure 11. Predicted relations between age (in Gyr) and the parameter ∆saddleTO obtained from BaSTI, DSED and VR isochrones. The dashed lines are the theoretical relations computed at the chemical composition of 47 Tucanae (Correnti et al. (2016) and references therein); the dark grey regions surrounding each dashed line mark the variation induced by changes of ±0.1 dex in the adopted metallicity. The solid line and grey region in each panel mark the observed value and uncertainty of the ∆saddleTO parameter measured in the (F110W,F110W − F160W ) CMD of 47 Tucanae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-location-of-the-ms-to-black-triangle-and-ms-saddle-2ygqnjkj.png Figure 10. Location of the MS-TO (black triangle) and MS-saddle (blue square) in the three CMDs available for NGC 6624. The horizontal black dashed line marks the MS-TO level, the horizontal dashed blue lines the two extreme values of the MS-saddle, which differ by 0.2 mag. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-location-of-the-ms-to-black-triangle-ms-knee-red-18abu7jx.png Figure 3. Location of the MS-TO (black triangle), MS-knee (red circle) and MS-saddle (blue square) along a 12 Gyr old isochrone extracted from the family of VandenBerg et al. (2014). The MS-knee is here defined as the reddest point along the MS MRL. The MSsaddle is the point where the MS MRL changes shape, from convex to concave, and thus shows the minimum curvature. A dashed line tangential to the isochrone is shown at the MS-saddle point to better illustrate the morphological meaning of this point. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-abundance-of-some-key-elements-for-the-basti-2nansxxz.png Table 1. The abundance of some key elements for the BaSTI, DSED and VR models adopted in this work, according to their solar mixtures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ms-to-and-ms-saddle-magnitudes-and-their-difference-2pf1jzh1.png Table 2. MS-TO and MS-saddle magnitudes, and their difference ∆saddleTO in the F110W (for 47 Tucanae) and in the Ks band (for NGC 6624). The listed values are the average of the 41 measures determined by adopting the static bin and the geometric approach (see Sect. 3.1). https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-validity-of-the-independence-principle-applied-to-the-4z9ns9h8e5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-spanwise-evolution-of-the-rms-value-of-the-cross-3h534y3j.png Fig. 8. (a) Spanwise evolution of the RMS value of the cross-flow displacement. (b) Span-averaged PSD of the cross-flow displacement; the natural frequency associated with the predominant excited wavenumber is indicated by a dashed-dotted red line. (c) Spanwise evolution of the RMS value of the cross-flow force coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-and-b-selected-time-series-of-the-inclined-cylinder-1wdwo00w.png Fig. 3. (a and b) Selected time series of the inclined cylinder displacement along the span, (c and d) span-averaged PSD of the displacement and (e and f) spanwise evolution of the displacement RMS value, in the (a, c and e) in-line and (b, d and f) cross-flow directions. In the in-line direction, the fluctuation of the cylinder displacement about its time-averaged value is considered. In (c and d), the natural frequency associated with the excited wavenumber is indicated by a dashed-dotted red line. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure caption, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effective-added-mass-coefficient-in-the-a-in-line-and-31i7m5nw.png Fig. 7. Effective added mass coefficient in the (a) in-line and (b) cross-flow directions, along the span. The potential flow value of 1 is indicated by a dashed-dotted red line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-histogram-of-phase-difference-between-the-in-line-vdknyvim.png Fig. 4. (a) Histogram of phase difference between the in-line and cross-flow displacements along the span in the inclined cylinder case. (b) Typical trajectories of the inclined cylinder. (c) Same as (a) in the normal cylinder case. In (a and c), the limit between counter-clockwise and clockwise orbits (Φxy ¼ 1801) is indicated by a vertical dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-instantaneous-iso-surfaces-of-the-spanwise-vorticity-3nx0po5s.png Fig. 1. Instantaneous iso-surfaces of the spanwise vorticity downstream of a stationnary cylinder inclined at 601 (ωzn ¼ 70:6). Arrows represent the oncoming flow. Part of the computational domain is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-spanwise-evolution-of-the-time-averaged-in-line-2iu3fqzr.png Fig. 9. (a) Spanwise evolution of the time-averaged in-line displacement. (b) Part of the inflow velocity normal component locally perpendicular to the cylinder and (c) part of the total inflow velocity locally perpendicular to the cylinder, along the span. In (b and c), the velocity profiles are nondimensionalized by U. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-instantaneous-iso-surfaces-of-the-spanwise-vorticity-2f9lqpok.png Fig. 5. Instantaneous iso-surfaces of the spanwise vorticity downstream of the (a) inclined and (b) normal flexible cylinders (ωzn ¼ 70:8). Arrows represent the oncoming flow. Part of the computational domain is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-time-averaged-value-of-the-in-line-force-coefficient-3kct8uqh.png Fig. 6. (a) Time-averaged value of the in-line force coefficient, (b) RMS value of the in-line force coefficient fluctuation and (c) RMS value of the cross-flow force coefficient, along the span. https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-value-of-input-efficiency-capacity-efficiency-and-the-1vnajzuy05 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-energy-efficiency-and-co2-emissions-in-basic-12bgkfjv.png Figure 1 Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions in Basic Material Manufacturing https://scispace.com/papers/on-the-vibrational-linear-and-nonlinear-optical-properties-2k1256n8ek 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-basis-set-study-of-the-static-electronic-el-hyper-nvogf8oj.png Table 3. Basis set study of the static electronic (El.) (hyper)polarizabilities, https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-static-electronic-el-hyper-polarizabilities-static-26wn6cbd.png Table 4. Static electronic (El.) (hyper)polarizabilities, static and IOFA dynamic nuclear relaxation (NR) vibrational contributions of the polarizability, first and second hyperpolarizability of HXeOXeH, HXeOXeF and FXeOXeF. All values are in a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-static-electronic-el-hyper-polarizabilities-static-1wv5nvs5.png Table 5. Static electronic (El.) (hyper)polarizabilities, static and IOFA dynamic nuclear relaxation (NR) vibrational contributions of the polarizability, first and second hyperpolarizability of HOH, HXeOH and HXeOXeH. All values are in a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basis-set-study-of-the-static-electronic-hyper-24v190gk.png Table 1. Basis set study of the static electronic (hyper)polarizabilities of HXeOXeH. The properties have been computed by employing the MP2 method at the MP2/aug-cc-pVQZ optimized geometry. All property values are given in a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-basis-set-study-of-the-static-electronic-hyper-eyzx0e48.png Table 1. Basis set study of the static electronic (hyper)polarizabilities of HXeOXeH. The properties have been computed by employing the MP2 method at the MP2/aug-cc-pVQZ optimized geometry. All property values are given in a.u. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-study-of-the-geometry-and-the-electron-correlation-2v1ifpkw.png Table 2. A study of the geometry and the electron correlation effect on the static electronic polarizability and second hyperpolarizability (x 103) of HXeOXeH. All the reported values were computed by employing the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, while the geometries have been optimized by using -the specified method. https://scispace.com/papers/on-triangle-free-graphs-that-do-not-contain-a-subdivision-of-3ruedxj90t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-series-parallel-graph-and-an-isk4-free-graph-2o0ys25d.png Figure 1: A series-parallel graph and an ISK4-free graph https://scispace.com/papers/on-using-conceptual-modeling-for-ontologies-16vgis63hc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conceptualization-of-tc-jwczgmdd.png Figure 2. Conceptualization of TC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptualization-of-tui-2qicdgrb.png Figure 1. Conceptualization of TUI https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-eer-diagram-for-a-proper-conceptual-schema-of-1vugk2nw.png Figure 4: an EER diagram for a proper conceptual schema of the TUI conceptualization https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hotel-attributes-in-the-tui-left-and-tc-right-2r1drvlq.png Figure 5: Hotel attributes in the TUI (left) and TC (right) conceptualizations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-straight-reformulation-of-the-tui-conceptualization-1t39hsbm.png Figure 3: Straight reformulation of the TUI conceptualization (Figure 1) using EER formalism https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-possible-eer-design-for-the-tc-conceptualization-2kr9yrr0.png Figure 6: A possible EER design for the TC conceptualization https://scispace.com/papers/oncology-outside-hospital-a-new-experience-for-the-benefit-24yrtg18mf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-of-the-mathematical-model-for-the-3ljrii5t.png Figure 1: Flow diagram of the mathematical model for the dynamics of smoking prevalence in Spain. The boxes represent the subpopulations and the arrows represent the transitions between the subpopulations. Arrows are labeled by their corresponding model parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-the-comparison-between-predicted-and-real-data-1wsl1l5m.png Table 2 shows the comparison between predicted and real data for 2006 and 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-simulation-of-the-fitted-mathematical-39kzunez.png Figure 2: Numerical simulation of the fitted mathematical model where the points represent the real data from https://scispace.com/papers/one-mode-model-for-patterned-metal-layers-inside-integrated-323crwysh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transmittance-of-the-patterned-metal-layer-versus-134l7e9k.png Fig. 3. Transmittance of the patterned metal layer versus wavelength for normally incident TE-polarized light. The one-mode model is compared with 2D FDTD simulations of f inite (24-mm-wide simulation domain) and infinite extent in the x direction. Inset, simulation geometry and parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-measured-transmittance-of-1d-icps-with-a-270-nm-gap-22hn327h.png Fig. 2. Measured transmittance of 1D ICPs with a 270-nm gap width designed in 0.18-mm CMOS technology. Measurements are shown for collimated, TE-polarized illumination. Inset, scanning electron micrograph of the ICP patterned metal layers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometry-of-four-cmos-image-sensor-pixels-a-lkc2y19f.png Fig. 1. Geometry of four CMOS image sensor pixels: (a) Conventional arrangement with a red–green–blue color filter array placed on the sensor surface, (b) ICP arrangement that contains patterned metal layers (shown in color) inside the pixel. Used by permission of copyright holder, R. Motta, 2001. https://scispace.com/papers/one-pot-synthesis-and-afm-imaging-of-a-triangular-aramide-1yd8h6l8lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-high-resolution-nc-afm-topography-image-of-a-35ltxap0.png Figure 4. (a) High-resolution NC-AFM topography image of a selfassembled wetting layer of cyclic tri(p-benzamide) 7 on the calcite(10.4) surface. The main crystal directions are given by the arrows. (b) Possible model for the molecular orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-b-nc-afm-topography-images-of-the-self-assembled-i100390k.png Figure 3. (a,b) NC-AFM topography images of the self-assembled structures of 7 after the deposition on calcite(10.4). Note that the calcite step edge, marked by the dashed line in (a), does not serve as nucleation center. (b) Magnification of the structures shown in (a). Already at this scale, the highly ordered inner structure is visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-macrocyclization-transition-state-for-5c-with-a-li-3vzsq8b2.png Figure 2.Macrocyclization transition state for 5c with a Li+ counterion (gray dot) coordinated in between the amino nitrogen and the ester carbonyl oxygen atoms; side-view (left) and bottom-view (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energies-of-the-macrocyclization-transition-states-1d4d3cn6.png Table 1. Energies of the Macrocyclization Transition States https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-the-models-used-in-the-conformational-3ih0icdz.png Figure 1. Structures of the models used in the conformational search (top) and the corresponding lowest-energy conformers of 3 and 4 (bottom). Other conformers can be found in the SI. https://scispace.com/papers/one-to-one-computing-and-student-achievement-in-ohio-high-1ku5iuwdba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-standardized-beta-coefficients-b-for-regression-4xr86yzq.png Table 17 Standardized Beta Coefficients (β) for Regression Models of Writing Scaled Scores by Time Cluster https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-descriptive-statistics-for-mean-scaled-scores-by-2wmdv0xq.png Table 7 Descriptive Statistics for Mean Scaled Scores by Demographic Subgroup https://scispace.com/figures/table-22-pairs-with-significant-qs-across-multiple-content-31dg9q2x.png Table 22 Pairs with Significant Qs across Multiple Content Areas https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-means-by-period-for-students-with-disabilities-iep-1v1xbg97.png Table 19 Means by Period for Students with Disabilities (IEP) Subgroup https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-zero-order-correlation-of-mean-scaled-scores-2475844m.png Table 10 Zero-Order Correlation of Mean Scaled Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-standardized-beta-coefficients-b-for-regression-lvz205kw.png Table 12 Standardized Beta Coefficients (β) for Regression Models of Reading Scaled Scores by Time Cluster https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-performance-index-y526kx1c.png Table 4 Descriptive Statistics for Performance Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-for-performance-index-by-2olikbwx.png Table 5 Descriptive Statistics for Performance Index by Implementation Time Cluster https://scispace.com/papers/one-to-one-technology-enhanced-learning-an-opportunity-for-xawanamjqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-groups-of-adopters-10wbht51.png Fig. 1. Groups of adopters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-four-phases-of-technological-revolution-3vuos3cp.png Fig. 2. Four phases of technological revolution. https://scispace.com/papers/one-way-active-delay-measurement-with-error-bounds-23j38pji8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-sync-sense-and-owadme-performance-comparison-235r6rkm.png Figure 5.5: Sync & Sense and OWADME performance comparison (negative initial skew case (ms) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-6-sync-sense-measurement-error-and-owadme-maximum-anplq5av.png Figure 5.6: Sync & Sense measurement error and OWADME maximum error bound (negative initial skew case (ms)) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-communication-between-the-sender-and-receiver-1l0px662.png Figure 3.1: Communication between the sender and receiver https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-a-function-of-possible-nondelayed-packet-arrival-k3gz7vbg.png Figure 3.3: A function of possible nondelayed packet arrival times corresponding to pi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-presents-results-of-sync-sense-and-owadme-2n0yhsc0.png Fig. 5.2 presents results of Sync & Sense and OWADME simulations and provides a performance comparison when initial skew is assumed to be positive. The following parameters are used in the simulation scenario: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-sync-sense-and-owadme-performance-comparison-and-w6fe072v.png Fig. 5.2 presents results of Sync & Sense and OWADME simulations and provides a performance comparison when initial skew is assumed to be positive. The following parameters are used in the simulation scenario: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-entry-and-exit-angles-of-packet-pi-1zlecu8w.png Figure 3.4: Entry and exit angles of packet pi https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-range-of-possible-skew-lines-error-bound-27nag141.png Figure 3.6: Range of possible skew lines (error bound) https://scispace.com/papers/online-planning-for-multi-robot-active-perception-with-self-58ligtw4cy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-illustration-of-a-scenario-where-the-winner-is-on-an-347po6k0.png Fig. 17 Illustration of a scenario where the winner is on an edge of the path. All possible adaptations result in an increased path length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-illustration-of-a-scenario-where-the-winner-is-an-1sgc5tz2.png Fig. 18 Illustration of a scenario where the winner is an existing waypoint. The path after the adaptation to z? is shown as the dashed lines connecting xij with z ? and z? with xij′ . This adaptation results in an increased path length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-an-example-scenario-that-may-cause-the-network-to-1ot1fhj5.png Fig. 19 An example scenario that may cause the network to oscillate between two viewpoint locations z3 and z4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-of-path-utility-between-the-example-iekchha0.png Fig. 9 Comparison of path utility between the example perception model defined in Sec. 6.1 suitable for the SOM formulation (horizontal axis) and the total entropy when using an existing object recognition model described in Sec. 6.1.1 (vertical axis). Evaluated for 100 random paths generated with SOM algorithm. Linear trendline shown in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-between-adapting-the-previous-solution-2jzi94bc.png Fig. 16 Comparison between adapting the previous solution when replanning to clearing the path and starting again. Larger σ0 parameter values result in more proportion of time is spent making global adaptations. Larger δ parameter values result in fewer epochs and faster planning time. Each scenario was performed 10 times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-motivating-active-perception-3qridaab.png Fig. 1 Illustration of the motivating active perception problem. Each object segment (point clouds) is observed by visiting the viewpoint regions (circle segments). Grey cylinders represent positions of two robots. The currently visited viewpoint regions are drawn in bold. Black lines represent the path plans. The aim is to collectively maximise the weighted sum of viewpoint regions visited by the robots. This scene is part of the environment in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overview-of-the-proposed-self-organising-map-algorithm-2mhp4i3w.png Fig. 3 Overview of the proposed self-organising map algorithm with an example problem instance for three robots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-illustration-of-a-viewpoint-region-purple-shape-for-an-1zndjkea.png Fig. 8 Illustration of a viewpoint region (purple shape) for an associated object part (purple point-cloud), defined using the example sensor model. The point cloud represents observations of a table object, depicted from above. An object part is highlighted as a purple point cloud. The black lines are a subset of the vectors representing self-occlusions between the purple part and the rest of the object. Dashed red lines define the viewing angle. https://scispace.com/papers/online-warning-systems-for-individual-fattening-pigs-based-jvjixn4vwr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-criteria-to-determine-the-daily-status-of-each-pig-1h2q761f.png Table 1: Criteria to determine the daily status of each pig (green – no problem, orange – mild 802 problem or red – severe problem) in the online validation round, based on expert observations. 803 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-run-lengths-of-the-best-performing-warning-tutvmefj.png Table 4: Average run lengths of the best performing warning system SGC # reg. ARL’s are 818 averaged across all pigs. Red blocks are all uninterrupted blocks of days with a red status. 819 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-the-sgc-reg-for-the-data-of-pig-87-left-1epygwiw.png Figure 4: Example of the SGC # reg for the data of pig 87. Left: the raw data (# reg), the linear 836 regression model estimate and the sensitizing rules, Right: residuals (raw data minus model 837 estimate) and the control limits (Table 2). Colours of the crosses indicate the pig-status. 838 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-the-sgc-reg-for-the-data-of-pig-133-left-1h750m74.png Figure 3: Example of the SGC # reg for the data of pig 133. Left: the raw data (# reg), the linear 831 regression model estimate and the sensitizing rules, Right: residuals (raw data minus model 832 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-the-warning-systems-for-the-data-of-pig-2nwpfxwx.png Figure 2: Example of the warning systems for the data of pig 125. Left: the raw data (# reg or 822 avIVI [hr]), the fixed limits and the linear regression model estimate and sensitizing rules for 823 the SGC methods, Right: residuals (raw data minus model estimate) and the control limits for 824 the SGC methods. Dots are the alerts for the SGC # reg or the SGC avIVI. Alerts for the fixed 825 limits can easily be deduced from the left figure (Table 2). Colours of the crosses and dots 826 indicate the pig-status: green = status green; orange = status orange, red = status red. Point 827 outside the graph in the bottom plots is for 12 hr avIVI on day 49, which also gives an alert for 828 SGC avIVI. 829 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-the-four-warning-systems-used-during-the-qpm77iyg.png Table 2: Details of the four warning systems used during the online validation period and 811 developed based on the historical dataset. 812 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performance-of-the-warning-systems-for-the-online-100jrhcj.png Table 3: Performance of the warning systems for the online validation period, in total and split 814 up per status (green, orange or red, see Table 1). See Table 2 for a description of the warning 815 systems applied online. 816 https://scispace.com/papers/online-shaft-encoder-geometry-compensation-for-arbitrary-3ouft9py84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-rms-error-values-for-all-four-experimental-speed-1hkn68lq.png Figure 19: RMS error values for all four experimental speed profiles as a function of M . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-solving-times-for-experimental-calibration-runs-1i7bq4bz.png Figure 20: Solving times for experimental calibration runs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-section-percentage-errors-for-m-55-as-calculated-3buaqk9a.png Figure 7: Section percentage errors for M = 55 as calculated from all four numerically tested shaft speeds. Results shown on linear scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-average-encoder-section-distances-for-both-methods-1txhqk9m.png Figure 13: Average encoder section distances for both methods of calibration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-standard-deviations-for-every-encoder-section-for-17ohi8bg.png Figure 14: Standard deviations for every encoder section for both reference geometry compensation algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-estimated-encoder-geometry-for-the-first-and-fourth-2a4nxdv5.png Figure 6: Estimated encoder geometry for the first and fourth speed profiles solving with M = 55 and using philosophy 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-operating-principle-behind-incremental-shaft-13e281nh.png Figure 1: Operating principle behind incremental shaft encoders. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-estimated-shaft-encoder-geometry-as-calculated-1b04xfp7.png Figure 16: Estimated shaft encoder geometry as calculated from the first and fourth experimental shaft speeds using philosophy 2 and M = 55. https://scispace.com/papers/ontology-based-decision-support-systems-for-health-data-1az5bqx704 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-excerpt-of-the-icf-tbox-illustrating-the-second-1jsrh3fc.png Fig. 2. An excerpt of the ICF TBox, illustrating the second Chapter of the “Body functions” component and the degree of specification with the use of datatype properties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-modelling-of-a-smart-object-performing-a-2mfk8t0a.png Fig. 3. An example of modelling of a Smart Object performing a measurement; dashed lines represent object properties, while dotted lines represent datatype properties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-representation-of-how-the-health-data-flow-among-the-2r2z6z3c.png Fig. 6. A representation of how the health data flow among the three ontologies eases the cooperation among different stakeholders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-example-of-modelling-of-a-project-for-a-moderately-2la0t2dr.png Fig. 4. An example of modelling of a Project for a moderately visual-impaired user; the designer has chosen the appliances and their programs (dashed lines represent object properties, dotted lines represent datatype properties). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-of-support-to-collaboration-among-different-2gibwa5e.png Fig. 5. An example of support to collaboration among different professionals provided by the application of ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-example-of-icf-code-28gpfd0b.png Fig. 1. An example of ICF code. https://scispace.com/papers/ontology-based-km-a-review-3eg6bcs8ia 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-ontology-based-user-modeling-system-18-19dp67kp.png Fig 1: An ontology-based user modeling system [18] https://scispace.com/papers/ontology-development-strategies-in-industrial-contexts-1jrkyz7cx7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-cases-with-respect-to-the-factors-13ah8g3i.png Table 1. Comparison of the cases with respect to the factors https://scispace.com/papers/open-source-visualization-of-reusable-rockets-motion-s8yi98e5np 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-udp-communication-between-simulink-and-flightgear-2ncv7lfk.png Fig. 4 UDP communication between Simulink and FlightGear. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulink-flightgear-co-simulation-1g7ror4m.png Fig. 5 Simulink-FlightGear Co-simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mission-and-vehicle-overview-a-callisto-rocket-b-24b4b149.png Fig. 1 Mission and Vehicle overview: (a) CALLISTO rocket, (b) Reference Mission Profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-qr-code-to-see-an-example-of-the-proposed-co-3ihkgmlb.png Fig. 6 QR code to see an example of the proposed co-simulation framework applied to the motion of reusable rockets on Youtube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rocket-modeling-in-blender-sjd7h2g5.png Fig. 2 Rocket modeling in Blender. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulink-flightgear-co-simulation-model-2poeerar.png Fig. 3 Simulink-FlightGear co-simulation model. https://scispace.com/papers/open-orbifold-gromov-witten-invariants-of-c-3-z-n-3l3zmmj3j7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-disc-orbifold-gromov-witten-invariants-1m1-4-1n1-2-2-3qwzu9xz.png Table 5 Disc orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants 〈1m1 4 1n1 2 〉(2)0 of [C3/Z4] in the symmetric case at winding number 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-predictions-for-g-1-h-2-open-orbifold-gromov-witten-6rtqymoq.png Table 19 Predictions for g = 1, h = 2 open orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants of [ C 3/Z4 ] at winding number (3, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-predictions-for-g-1-h-2-open-orbifold-gromov-witten-1zphz92h.png Table 18 Predictions for g = 1, h = 2 open orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants of [ C 3/Z4 ] at winding number (2, 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-annulus-orbifold-gromov-witten-invariants-1m1-4-1n1-3bbmnyso.png Table 1 Annulus orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants 〈1m1 4 1n1 2 〉(1,1)0 of [C3/Z4] in the asymmetric case at winding number (1, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annulus-orbifold-gromov-witten-invariants-1m1-4-1n1-5dq3yaaq.png Table 2 Annulus orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants 〈1m1 4 1n1 2 〉(2,1)0 of [C3/Z4] in the asymmetric case at winding number (2, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-predictions-for-g-2-h-1-open-orbifold-gromov-witten-ft6yqqsj.png Table 20 Predictions for g = 2, h = 1 open orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants of [ C 3/Z4 ] at winding number 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-predictions-for-g-2-h-1-open-orbifold-gromov-witten-1bd1qvzn.png Table 21 Predictions for g = 2, h = 1 open orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants of [ C 3/Z4 ] at winding number 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-disc-orbifold-gromov-witten-invariants-1m1-4-1n1-2-1-qn91ebub.png Table 4 Disc orbifold Gromov–Witten invariants 〈1m1 4 1n1 2 〉(1)0 of [C3/Z4] in the symmetric case at winding number 1 https://scispace.com/papers/open-social-systems-46nzr8axsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-basic-distributed-architecture-1broqlde.png Fig. 2. Basic (distributed) architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-community-norms-14q56r6t.png Fig. 1. Community norms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uhelp-example-profiles-and-norms-3lwp9i7f.png Fig. 3. uHelp example: profiles and norms https://scispace.com/papers/open-heavy-flavor-measurements-in-heavy-ion-collisions-with-51m2k04rro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-invariant-mass-distributions-of-d0candidates-and-their-2xm94ht9.png Fig. 1. Invariant mass distributions of D0candidates and their charge conjugates for selected pT intervals in centrality 0 − 100%. The curves show the fit functions as indicated in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-comparison-of-prompt-d0-r-aa-with-charged-b3cifpnk.png Fig. 4. (Left) Comparison of prompt D0 R∗AA with charged particle RAA [20] as function of pT in central PbPb collisions. (Right) Comparison of prompt D0 R∗AA with charged particle RAA and non-prompt J/ψ RAA [3] as function of Npart . The measurements are also compared with calculations by Djordjevic et al. [21]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-cms-preliminary-prompt-d0-r-aa-with-23kujheg.png Fig. 3. Comparison of CMS preliminary prompt D0 R∗AA with ALICE prompt D 0 RAA results from 2010 PbPb data (right) [18] and 2011 PbPb data (left) [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-prompt-d0-r-aa-from-pbpb-data-as-function-of-pt-for-2k4gor9b.png Fig. 2. Prompt D0 R∗AA from PbPb data as function of pT for centrality classes 0-10% (left) and 0-100% (right). Predictions from some theoretical calculations [10–15] are plotted for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/opening-zif-8-a-catalytically-active-zeolitic-imidazolate-4a96uai1xv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percent-conversion-to-corresponding-ethers-for-salem-1xnkrmzq.png Table 3. Percent Conversion to Corresponding Ethers for SALEM-2, TIF-1, and IMes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tga-data-for-zif-8-and-salem-2-soaked-in-n-hexane-2ml0l8zv.png Figure 2. TGA data for ZIF-8 and SALEM-2 soaked in n-hexane, cyclohexane, or toluene. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-characteristics-of-all-zn-im-2-polymorphs-3vlu4gtp.png Table 1. Structural Characteristics of All Zn(im)2 Polymorphs Reported Thus Far a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-pxrd-patterns-of-salem-2-and-zif-8-b-nmr-spectrum-p47de5rp.png Figure 1. (a) PXRD patterns of SALEM-2 and ZIF-8. (b) NMR spectrum of SALEM-2 digested in D2SO4 after 7 days of immersion in an excess Him solution (with molar ratio of ZIF-8 to im = 1:6.7). (c) N2 isotherms of SALEM-2 and ZIF-8 taken at 77 K. (d) A ZIF-8 crystal (left); the same crystal transformed to SALEM-2 after 7 days in excess im solution (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-characteristics-of-zif-8-and-salem-2-72vmajkm.png Table 2. Structural Characteristics of ZIF-8 and SALEM-2 https://scispace.com/papers/opportunistic-linked-data-querying-through-approximate-2y9u83hq50 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-this-sparql-query-execution-timeline-compares-regular-1odi2l3c.png Fig. 2. This sparql query execution timeline compares regular and opportunistic query execution, assuming r total query results and f false positives. Note how both approaches achieve 100% recall and precision at a shared point in the end, but there exists a period during which only opportunistic execution reaches 100% recall (shaded). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-regular-tpf-versus-tpf-with-bloom-1pt4vbkn.png Table 1. Comparison of regular tpf versus tpf with Bloom filter setup (greedy tpf algorithm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-regular-tpf-versus-tpf-with-gcs-setup-9cvg8ehp.png Table 4. Comparison of regular tpf versus tpf with gcs setup (optimized tpf algorithm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-regular-tpf-versus-tpf-with-gcs-setup-2503avif.png Table 2. Comparison of regular tpf versus tpf with gcs setup (greedy tpf algorithm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-regular-tpf-versus-tpf-with-bloom-3ux6t7p6.png Table 3. Comparison of regular tpf versus tpf with Bloom filter setup (optimized tpf algorithm) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-triple-patterns-of-query-1-with-the-least-number-1elg564j.png Fig. 1. The triple patterns of Query 1 with the least number of matches at each stage become nodes in the evaluation tree. Note how the third level of consists entirely of membership subqueries (single triples), and can thus be evaluated with the help of an amf. https://scispace.com/papers/opposing-functions-for-retromer-and-rab11-in-extracellular-4p7f1h03qv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-control-of-ev-cargo-levels-depends-on-the-snx1-snx6-yulalzkd.png Figure 5. Control of EV Cargo levels depends on the Snx1/Snx6 ESCPE-1 complex but not Vps35D628 or Snx27. (A-C) Representative MaxIPs and quantification of APP-EGFP levels at muscle 6/7 NMJs in the indicated genotypes Control for Snx27 and Snx1, Snx6 is GAL4C155. Each condition is normalized to the mean intensity of wild-type controls (green line). Bar graphs show mean +/- s.e.m.; dots show all data points representing individual NMJs. Scale bars are 5 µm. See Table 3 for detailed genotypes and statistical tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-model-for-functions-of-vps35-and-rab11-in-neuronal-1534wja5.png Figure 9. Model for functions of Vps35 and Rab11 in neuronal EV cargo traffic. (A) At wildtype synapses Rab11 maintains a rapidly-recycling pool of EV cargo between the sorting/early endosome, the recycling endosome, and the plasma membrane. MVBs in this pathway preferentially fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents as ILVs. Retromer removes cargo from the sorting endosome and delivers it to other destinations such as the plasma membrane or the trans-Golgi network. (B) In a Vps35 mutant, cargo is retained in the recycling pathway. Increased levels of cargo on the endosome membrane may drive ILV formation, resulting in EV secretion and pre-and-postsynaptic cargo accumulation. (C) In a rab11 mutant, the recycling pool of cargo is not maintained. Cargo may proceed to the lysosome for degradation and is depleted from the synapse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-app-localizes-to-neuronally-derived-evs-a-schematic-of-20t4nbeh.png Fig. 1. APP localizes to neuronally-derived EVs. (A) Schematic of APP-EGFP construct. (B-D) Spinning disk confocal images from 3rd instar larval muscle 4 NMJs expressing neuronally-driven (GAL4C155) UAS-APP-EGFP and labeled with the indicated antibodies. White arrows highlight examples of colocalization. Scale bars are 5 µm. (B) Maximum intensity projection (MaxIP) of motor-neuron-derived APP-EGFP localization presynaptically and to extraneuronal puncta that exclude the presynaptic cytoplasmic protein Complexin (Cpx). (C) (MaxIP) Motorneuron-derived post-synaptic APP-EGFP colocalization with the neuronal membrane marker a-HRP (D) (Single confocal slices) Motor-neuron-derived APP-EGFP colocalization with neuronally-expressed EV cargoes Tsp42Ej and Evi, as well as a transmembrane epitope in APP. (E,F) a-GFP immunoblots of fractions from S2 cells stably expressing APP-EGFP. (F) Negative-stain EM of an APP CTF-containing 1.14 mg/ml sucrose gradient fraction. Scale bar is 100 nm. See also Figure S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ev-cargo-accumulates-in-a-rab11-positive-and-21qvymkh.png Figure 8. EV cargo accumulates in a Rab11-positive and -dependent compartment in Vps35 mutants. (A) MaxIPs of SIM images showing control and Vps35 larvae expressing GAL4C155-driven UAS-APP-EGFP and stained with a-Rab11. White arrows indicate instances of colocalization. Scale bar is 2 µm. Control is GAL4C155. (B,C). Quantification of Mander’s coefficients from (A). Vps35 NMJs exhibit increased fraction of presynaptic Rab11 overlapping with APP. (D,E) Rab11 and Vps35 act in opposing pathways. (D) MaxIPs of NMJS from larvae expressing endogenously-tagged Syt4-EGFP in the indicated genotypes. Control is w1118. (E) Quantification of (D), normalized to presynaptic mean intensity of wild-type control. (F) Vps35 and Rab11 colocalize on a small subset of endosomes. MaxIP SIM images from NMJs expressing neuronallydriven Vps35-HA immunolabeled for a-HA and a-Rab11. Arrows indicate examples of structures that are positive for both Vps35HA and Rab11. Scale bar is 2 µm. Bar graphs show mean +/- s.e.m.; dots show all data points representing individual NMJs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neuronal-retromer-restricts-accumulation-of-cargoes-268kctyf.png Figure 2. Neuronal retromer restricts accumulation of cargoes presynaptically and in EVs. (A-C) Loss of Vps35 causes accumulation of presynaptic and postsynaptic APP-EGFP, both of which are rescued by presynaptic expression of Vps35-HA. (A) MaxIPs of NMJs expressing neuronal driver GAL4C155 and UAS-APP-EGFP in the indicated genotypes. (B) Quantification of presynaptic and postsynaptic (within 3 µm of presynaptic membrane) intensity of APP-EGFP in thresholded puncta. (C) Overall (unthresholded) APP-EGFP intensity in the presynaptic volume is increased in Vps35 mutants and rescued by presynaptic expression of Vps35-HA. (D,E) APP-EGFP intensity increases in the axons and cell bodies of Vps35 mutant motor neurons. (D) Single confocal slices of APP-EGFP expression in the ventral ganglion, and axons within 100 µm of the ganglion. Scale bars are 20 µm. (E) Quantification of (D). (F-G) Retromer mutants exhibit accumulation of multiple EV and endosomally sorted cargoes. (F) Representative MaxIPs of EV (Syt4-EGFP) and non-EV (Tkv-mCherry, Syt1, CD8-mCherry) cargoes. (G-I) Quantification of Syt4-EGFP, TkvmCherry and Syt1 levels. Bar graphs show mean +/- s.e.m.; dots show all data points representing individual NMJs. Scale bars are 5 µm. All measurements were normalized to presynaptic mean of their respective control (green line). See Table 3 for detailed genotypes and statistical tests. See also Figure S2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-endosome-distribution-in-vps35-mutants-a-maxips-of-rtvss5hd.png Figure 6. Endosome distribution in Vps35 mutants. (A) MaxIPs of confocal images of NMJS from larvae expressing endogenously-tagged YFP-Rab7 or GFP-Rab5, or labeled with a-Rab11 antibodies, in control or Vps35/Df genotypes. Control is w1118. (B) Quantification of fluorescence intensity from spinning disc confocal microscopy (SDCM), normalized to mean intensity of wild-type control. (C) Rab5 and Rab7-positive puncta density by SDCM. (D) Rab5 and Rab7-positive size by SDCM. (E) SIM MaxIPs of NMJs from control or Vps35/Df genotypes, labeled with aRab11 antibody. Rab11 puncta were too dense to distinguish by SDCM, so we used SIM to analyze individual endosomes. By contrast, endogenous GFP-Rab5 and YFP-Rab7 intensities were insufficient for SIM imaging. Control is GAL4C155. (F, G) Quantification of puncta density and size from (E). Scale bars are 5 µm for SDCM, 2 µm for SIM. Bar graphs show mean +/- s.e.m.; dots show all data points representing individual NMJs. See also Figure S6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-retromer-mutants-exhibit-more-ev-sized-vesicles-in-2rvcosl2.png Figure 3. Retromer mutants exhibit more EV-sized vesicles in the perineuronal SSR, but do not exhibit changes in neuronal endosome profiles. (A) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ev-cargo-accumulation-depends-on-rab11-activity-a-b-3e4jp9nc.png Figure 7. EV cargo accumulation depends on Rab11 activity. (A-B) MaxIPs and quantification of NMJs from larvae expressing endogenouslytagged Syt4-EGFP with neuronally-driven (GAL4C380) dominant negative (DN) or constitutively active (CA) Rab GTPase transgenes. Control is GAL4C380. (B) Quantification of (A, B), normalized to presynaptic mean intensity of wild-type control. All Rab5 and Rab7 manipulations are normalized to the control shown on the graph; Rab11 manipulations were performed using different imaging parameters and are normalized to their own controls. (D) (Left) MaxIPs of NMJs expressing APP-EGFP in control or Rab11 mutant backgrounds. (Right) quantification, normalized to mean of presynaptic control. Control dataset (GAL4C155) is identical to Fig. 2B. (E) (Left) MaxIPs of NMJs expressing YFP-Rab7 in control or Snx1, Snx6 mutant backgrounds. (Right) Quantification of presynaptic Rab7 intensity and endosome number and size. Scale bars are 5 µm. Bar graphs show mean +/- s.e.m.; dots show all data points representing individual NMJs. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-alignment-and-spinning-of-laser-trapped-microscopic-157ofugn83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-sequential-photographs-frames-of-a-trapped-3fikexn6.png FIG. 1: Three sequential photographs (frames) of a trapped calcite crystal, showing alignment with the plane of polarization of the trapping beam. A λ/2 waveplate was rotated by 20°between successive photographs, rotating the plane of polarization by 40°, as shown by the arrows, and exerting an alignment torque on the crystal, causing it to rotate to a new position. This can be used to rotate the particle at a controlled speed, or to control its orientation. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-absorption-in-the-alkali-metals-detailed-3hbs1qtg5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sodium-at-300-k-contributions-to-absorption-as-a-3lhw8hdt.png TABLE I. Sodium at 300 'K. Contributions to absorption as a percentage of one-phonon contribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effective-value-of-v-0-allowing-for-both-lattice-aax3npnn.png FIG. 2. Effective value of V&&0 allowing for both lattice expansion and the Debye-Wailer factor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-total-absorption-in-sodium-at-room-temperature-smith-h-1b2fk179.png FIG, 3. Total absorption in sodium at room temperature: +, Smith (H,ef. 28); &&, Palmer and Schnatterly (Ref. 39) (vacuum interface}; o, Palmer and Schnatterly (Ref. 39) (glass-sodium interface); solid line, theoretical results as a function of V~@~0 (p} jn eU. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-main-results-c3r48x2x.png TABLE II. Main results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-absorption-in-potassium-at-room-temperature-dot5mktc.png FIG. 5. Total absorption in potassium at room temperature: +, Smith (Ref. 28); x, Palmer and Schnatterly (Ref. 39); dashed and solid lines, theoretical results as a function of V~fp (0) in eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-absorption-in-potassium-as-a-function-of-temperature-sd6mr92y.png FIG. 6. Absorption in potassium as a function of temperature. Theoretical predictions for V&&0(0) =-0.25 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-total-absorption-in-rubidium-at-room-temperature-smith-3gfgbse0.png FIG. 7. Total absorption in rubidium at room temperature: +, Smith (Ref. 29); 6, Vonhufschnaiter (Ref. 43); , Ives and https://scispace.com/papers/optical-fiber-induced-noise-in-rf-photonic-links-5d8qvz3s8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plots-of-transmitted-power-spectra-through-single-mode-3tcta612.png Fig. 2. Plots of transmitted power spectra through single-mode optical fiber of varying lengths. The transmitter used a 200 mW laser. Rayleighscattering induced noise is observed for fiber lengths as short as 40 m. For longer lengths of fiber, Brillouin-induced noise is also observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-diagram-of-our-transmitted-intensity-noise-2dbw0m0t.png Fig. 1. A schematic diagram of our transmitted intensity noise measurement setup. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-images-based-edge-detection-in-synthetic-aperture-209k20sid2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-amplitude-images-for-polarizations-hh-vv-and-hv-gbieu71w.png Figure 2: Amplitude images for polarizations HH, VV, and HV from the same scene https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-bdm-results-for-the-gravitational-method-1cnu4gb2.png Table 4: Average BDM results for the gravitational method modified by Fu’s neighbourhood, with standard deviation inside parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-images-derived-from-a-scene-in-bebedouro-in-brazil-280rxiju.png Figure 4: Images derived from a scene in Bebedouro in Brazil (not registered): a) Landsat RGB composition and b) SAR L-band RGB composition (source: [13]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-images-derived-from-a-scene-in-bebedouro-in-brazil-1q3udxcq.png Figure 5: Images derived from a scene in Bebedouro in Brazil: a) training samples used to generate Wishart distributions and b) synthetic mosaic images generated using the Wishart distributions estimated in [13] from image samples (source: [13]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-bdm-results-for-the-multi-scale-method-with-2nc0faku.png Table 2: Average BDM results for the multi-scale method, with standard deviation inside parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-bdm-results-for-the-gravitational-method-dcmakgsh.png Table 3: Average BDM results for the gravitational method; with standard deviation inside parentheses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hv-bebedouro-binary-images-with-enh-lee-filter-the-qldz84mz.png Figure 9: HV Bebedouro binary images, with Enh. Lee filter: the first row depicts results obtained using the Canny and the Multi-scale methods; and the second row depicts results obtained using the original Gravitational method and its modification with Fu’s neighbourhood, (the latter two methods use binarization threshold=.2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-bdm-results-for-cannys-method-with-standard-3adgywxa.png Table 1: Average BDM results for Canny’s method, with standard deviation inside parentheses https://scispace.com/papers/optical-model-potentials-involving-loosely-bound-p-shell-19v8qvmxp6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-near-side-far-side-decomposition-of-the-elastic-s-31w7hinw.png FIG. 4. The near-side/far-side decomposition of the elastic s tering for ~a! 10B19Be, ~b! 14N113C, and ~c! 7Li (63 MeV) 113C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-renormalization-coefficients-extracted-for-the-dou-qevjosbu.png FIG. 7. The renormalization coefficients extracted for the dou folding potentials calculated with the six effective nucleon-nucle interactions, as described in the text. The projectile-target comb tions are those of Table IV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-radii-and-binding-energies-of-the-calculate-kwp61a19.png TABLE III. Radii and binding energies of the calculate Hartree-Fock one-body densities, compared with the experime data.Rp , Rn , Rm , andRch stand for the root mean square radii the calculated proton, neutron, mass and charge distributions spectively, andRch exp is the experimental charge rms.B is the binding energies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-best-fit-renormalization-parametersnv-andnw-for-2bpchaql.png TABLE IV. Best fit renormalization parametersNV andNW for folding potentials with various effective interactions@see Eqs.~15! and ~16!#. For each reaction channel, the values ofNV are given in the first line andNW in the second line. For each effective interaction, t mean values and dispersions are given in the last two lines. Only cases 2–7 are used to determine averages, as described in th https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-parameters-of-volume-woods-saxon-type-potentials-243vwyuo.png TABLE V. Parameters of volume Woods-Saxon type potentials that best fit the nuclear part o numerical potentials obtained with the double folding procedure using the JLM~1! effective interaction in the ranger 52 –12 fm~see text!. Renormalization of the depths is included.RV andRW are the half-radii of the potentials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-fig-2-for-the-systems-a-7li-63-mev-19be-b-7li-3dsymxrw.png FIG. 3. Same as Fig. 2, for the systems~a! 7Li(63 MeV) 19Be, ~b! 7Li(63 MeV)113C, ~c! 7Li(130 MeV)19Be, and~d! 7Li(130 MeV)113C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-angular-distributions-for-the-elastic-scattering-of-a-7cwvcjjf.png FIG. 2. Angular distributions for the elastic scattering of~a! 10B (100 MeV)19Be, ~b! 13C (130 MeV)19Be, and ~c! 14N (162 MeV)113C. The curves are fits with the potentials pr sented in Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-double-folded-potentials-calculated-with-the-st-3rm87fn3.png FIG. 8. The double folded potentials calculated with the st dard Hartree-Fock mass distributions~dashed lines! are compared with those obtained when the tail of the proton distribution of8B is given by the ANC obtained from our experiments~full line!. Both real (V) and imaginary~W! potentials are shown for the syste 8B19Be, using the JLM~1! effective interaction. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-impulse-modulation-for-diffuse-indoor-wireless-1pngqdy0po 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-normalized-optical-power-required-by-precursor-14wrwp9q.png Fig. 8. Normalized optical power required by precursor equalized Rect-PPM and OIM-PPM to achieve BER=10−6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-normalized-optical-power-required-by-equalized-ook-1ryr9fir.png Fig. 6. Normalized optical power required by equalized OOK Rect-PAM and OIM to achieve BER=10−6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-normalized-optical-power-required-by-unequalized-rect-366b2vhu.png Fig. 7. Normalized optical power required by unequalized Rect-PPM and OIM-PPM to achieve BER=10−6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-a-pam-communication-system-20odnft0.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of a PAM communication system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-transmitter-pulse-shape-parameters-1j4fp88p.png TABLE I TRANSMITTER PULSE SHAPE PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-psd-and-a-sample-time-domain-waveform-of-oim-2j322qaz.png Fig. 3. The PSD and a sample time domain waveform of OIM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-oim-communication-system-block-diagram-1bndrz97.png Fig. 2. OIM communication system block diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimal-double-jump-receive-filter-for-oim-3azzdk5t.png Fig. 4. Optimal double-jump receive filter for OIM. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-lattice-clock-on-bosonic-strontium-atoms-3x5uahvrr4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectroscopy-of-clock-transition-for-88sr-atoms-14uf2eu1.png Fig. 1 Spectroscopy of clock transition for 88Sr atoms trapped in 1D lattice at magic wavelength. In the inset is shown the central peak at highest resolution showing a 70 Hz linewidth with S/N of about 7. https://scispace.com/papers/optical-observations-of-the-isolated-neutron-star-rx-j0720-4-4zkt3ru6jf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-summed-b-top-and-r-bottom-images-of-the-localization-3quvn58n.png Fig. 1.—Summed B (top) and R (bottom) images of the localization of RX J0720.423125. The left-hand panels show an overview. The two circles represent the two HRI X-ray positions derived by Haberl et al. (1997). The stars mentioned in the text are labeled below their image in the top panel. The right-hand panels show an enlarged view of the region around the localization for each band. For these enlargements, the local sky was subtracted (determined by fitting a twodimensional, second-order polynomial to the image with stars masked out). In the lower panels for each band, the image has furthermore been convolved with a Gaussian with a width approximately matching the seeing (FWHM of 4 pixels, 00.85). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-log-of-observations-3itkbbax.png TABLE 1 Log of Observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-photometry-and-astrometry-of-the-candidate-3hrtdvb1.png TABLE 2 Photometry and Astrometry of the Candidate Counterpart of RX J0720.423125 and Selected Stars in the Field https://scispace.com/papers/optical-techniques-for-microwave-frequency-stabilization-1ond60ey1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-filtering-of-the-laser-modulated-signal-using-three-3tj9ves5.png Figure 2 : filtering of the laser modulated signal using three successive modes of the optical resonator https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-phase-noise-floor-of-a-microwave-frequency-1nk7h6d9.png Figure 6 : phase noise floor of a microwave frequency discriminator realized with a 4 km optical delay line simulated on Agilent ADS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resonators-for-oscillators-stabilization-rqiyuabv.png Figure 1 : resonators for oscillators stabilization, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-m-length-fiber-ring-resonator-resonances-power-vs-34zkow5s.png Figure 4 : 1 m length fiber ring resonator resonances Power vs frequency (in MHz) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-microwave-filtering-with-a-fiber-loop-resonator-2um1ex16.png Figure 5 : microwave filtering with a fiber loop resonator using a 20 m fiber loop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-quartz-resonator-o-7-mm-8-ghz-mode-spacing-silica-1azltrw6.png Figure 3 : quartz resonator (Ø : 7 mm ; 8 GHz mode spacing) silica sphere (Ø : 3.3 mm ; 20 GHz mode spacing) ; fiber ring resonator (loop length : 1 m ; 205 MHz mode spacing) https://scispace.com/papers/optical-transmission-properties-and-electric-field-1lu6nrpjg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-extinction-spectra-using-p-polarized-incident-light-36cem5tz.png Figure 2. Extinction spectra using p-polarized incident light for various angles of incidence of 300 nm long silver nanorods with 20 nm diameter and 60 nm spacing embedded in a 300 nm thick film of porous alumina. The inset shows the same measurement for s-polarized incident light. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-displays-the-extinction-spectra-ln-i-i0-for-a-2d-ag-8noq91ga.png Figure 2. Extinction spectra using p-polarized incident light for various angles of incidence of 300 nm long silver nanorods with 20 nm diameter and 60 nm spacing embedded in a 300 nm thick film of porous alumina. The inset shows the same measurement for s-polarized incident light. https://scispace.com/papers/optically-generated-2-dimensional-photonic-cluster-state-76imbuha11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-quantum-circuit-which-is-logically-102bkxso.png FIG. 2 (color online). A quantum circuit which is logically equivalent to the idealized evolution of the two QDs. The CZ gates correspond to the interdot coupling, the CNOT gates to photon emission, and the Ry to precession by =2 around a magnetic field in the y direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-diagrams-depicting-the-generation-of-the-1h8y1dvd.png FIG. 1 (color online). Diagrams depicting the generation of the cluster state using the standard diagrammatic representations of such states. The spins are depicted as filled circles, the initial electronic state is j"ij"i. At step (a) both spins precess under Ryð =2Þ, at (b) the CZ gate is applied, at (c) a pulse excitation followed by trion decay produces photons (open circles). These procedures are then repeated, leading to the states of (d)–(h). Note that to recover the standard form of cluster states one must use a mapping where the logical qubit j1i state is equivalent to the photonic state jLi [5]. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-and-efficient-segmentation-for-3d-vascular-forest-yk0u8r9aky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-edge-weights-2bp49udt.png Table 1. Edge Weights https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-on-synthetic-image-1-35t70v8q.png Table 2. Accuracy on Synthetic Image 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-synthetic-images-xp7mliio.png Fig. 2. Synthetic Images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multiple-sources-and-sinks-2cvzf3e0.png Fig. 1. Multiple Sources and Sinks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-segmentation-results-for-real-cta-image-va05p5ke.png Fig. 3. Segmentation Results for Real CTA Image https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-decision-trees-for-local-image-processing-algorithms-2yywzg0bkz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-decision-tree-for-bboudt-method-m07atcjt.png Figure 4: Optimal decision tree for BBOUDT method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-direct-comparison-between-the-hes-approach-he08-g85u1udk.png Figure 3: The direct comparison between the He’s approach (He08 ) with the three evolutions of block based decision tree approach, from the initial proposal with heuristic selection between alternative rules (BBHDT ), further improved with the optimal decision tree generation (BBOUDT ) and finally enhanced with a probabilistic weight of the rules (BBOPDT ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-resulting-or-decision-table-for-labeling-2gwuekli.png Figure 2: The resulting OR-decision table for labeling https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-decision-trees-for-zhang-and-suen-and-holt-et-al-2e2meu6y.png Figure 5: Decision trees for Zhang and Suen and Holt et al. thinning algorithms. The pixels in the 4× 4 neighborhood are numbered in row major ordering, with current pixel being P5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-different-thinning-strategies-and-ndgrxa8n.png Table 1: Comparison of the different thinning strategies and algorithms https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-density-of-biological-cells-47p90z5mcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-optimal-cytosolic-occupancy-increases-with-5fx8zdw5.png Figure 5. The optimal cytosolic occupancy increases with metabolic pathway length N and decreasing external nutrient concentration sext. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-optimal-occupancy-strongly-influences-the-1wzw3lsy.png Figure 6. The optimal occupancy strongly influences the effective Michaelis parameter KM* of the ribosomal (red) but not of the metabolic (blue) reactions in the whole-cell model. Each data point corresponds to a different combination of external nutrient concentration sext and number of active metabolic reactions N. While the KM* of the metabolic reactions does not correlate with ρopt (blue markers; two-sided Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r=0.034, P=0.85), the KM* of the ribosomal reactions correlates with ρopt (red markers; r=0.998, P<10-15). The discrete distribution of points along the x-axis reflects the step size used for ρ in the simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-limiting-cases-of-crowding-effects-on-kinetics-a-e1r7un22.png Figure 1. Limiting cases of crowding effects on kinetics. (A) Transition state limit, valid if the conversion of enzyme (E) plus substrate (S) to the complex ES is much faster than the conversion of ES to product (P). (B) Diffusion limit, where the conversion of ES to P is much faster than the formation of ES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-models-a-reaction-system-in-an-2rybpwta.png Figure 2. Illustration of the models. (A) Reaction system in an N-steps linear pathway, representing a metabolic system. The initial substrate, s1, is replenished by a transport process not included in the model, and is converted by the pathway into the product p. (B) Reaction system of N parallel reactions, representing ribosomes presenting N distinct anticodons; s1, ... , sN are the corresponding ternary complexes, p1, …, pN are the extending amino acid chains. Assuming that (i) all reactions follow identical kinetics, (ii) all substrate concentrations si are identical, and (iii) all enzyme concentrations are identical, the fluxes of the models in (A) and (B) are both mathematically identical to the simplified model to the right of the two panels, with re-scaled concentrations [s]=[s1]+[s2]+...+[sN] and [E]=[E1]+[E2]+...+[EN]. (C) GBA model simulating the balanced growth of a bacterial cell. Transporter T imports nutrient s1, which is converted to the precursor for protein production p by a metabolic pathway with N consecutive enzymes, M1, …, MN, via intermediate substrates s2, …, sN. The ribosome R synthesizes the N+2 proteins (T, R, M1, …, MN) from p. Assuming identical concentrations of metabolic enzymes, [M1]=...[MN]=:[M], and of metabolites, [s1]=...[sN]=:[s], the solution space of this model cell is spanned by the five concentrations [s],[p],[T],[M],[R]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cytosolic-occupancy-that-facilitates-maximal-2cfrug9p.png Figure 3. The cytosolic occupancy that facilitates maximal biochemical reaction fluxes is lower for ribosomal than for metabolic systems. Blue lines represent metabolic systems with small catalysts and substrates, red lines represent ribosomal systems with much larger molecules. Solid lines are for systems of N=20 consecutive (metabolic, blue) or parallel (ribosomal, red) reactions, dashed lines are for larger systems of N=100 reactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-opposing-effects-of-molecular-crowding-on-the-3hoq5ttv.png Figure 7. Opposing effects of molecular crowding on the Michaelis parameter KM* through perturbations of diffusion and of Gibbs free energies. Simulations considered only the respective effect for systems of (linear, blue) metabolic and (parallel, red) ribosomal reactions with pathway sizes of (A) N=20 and (B) N=100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-growth-rate-u-of-the-crowding-aware-whole-cell-2byeiink.png Figure 4. The growth rate µ of the crowding-aware whole-cell model constrained at different cytosolic occupancies ρ. The optimal cytosolic occupancy ρopt (A) increases with N (the number of enzymes in the metabolic pathway) and (B) decreases with external nutrient concentration [sext]. μmax is the maximal growth rate for each curve across occupancies. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-control-of-a-rigid-body-using-geometrically-exact-59d1ik5o6x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimal-control-orbital-inclination-change-1e5u6faq.png Fig. 3. Optimal control: Orbital inclination change https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimal-control-orbital-capture-n8h9vwhj.png Fig. 4. Optimal control: Orbital capture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-impulsive-control-orbital-radius-change-2eg15v5p.png Fig. 2. Optimal impulsive control: Orbital radius change https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tpbvp-orbital-radius-change-3jh8aior.png Fig. 1. TPBVP: Orbital radius change https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-design-of-pid-controllers-using-the-qft-method-59jf4qa0pw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uncertainty-templates-1esay8oo.png Figure 2: Uncertainty templates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-closed-loop-responses-and-bounds-27s8l5ns.png Figure 4: Closed-loop responses and bounds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-degree-of-freedom-feedback-system-geexri61.png Figure 1: Two degree of freedom feedback system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-nominal-plant-and-nominal-open-loop-3bivoqp0.png Figure 3: Nominal plant and nominal open-loop https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-distribution-grid-operation-using-demand-response-1joso218xa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-maximum-dr-per-group-1nreqxjp.png Figure 5. Maximum DR per group https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-dr-reduction-for-each-feeder-j77ih6pg.png TABLE V. DR REDUCTION FOR EACH FEEDER https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-dr-reduction-periods-1ong062m.png TABLE III. DR REDUCTION PERIODS https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-energy-extraction-from-a-hot-water-geothermal-bsfhwtldn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimal-breakthrough-time-1-1anty726.png TABLE 4. Optimal Breakthrough Time 1'* https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensitivity-to-initial-aquifer-temperature-rr-124yd9xn.png TABLE 5. Sensitivity to Initial Aquifer Temperature rr•. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-versus-time-plot-for-a-given-fiow-rate-3563kl49.png Fig. 2. Temperature versus time plot for a given fiow rate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimal-pumping-rate-q-2mv9rjpi.png TABLE 2. Optimal Pumping Rate Q* https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-joint-remote-radio-head-selection-and-beamforming-4qx6903spa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-b-asr-and-tpc-versus-required-sinr-gmin-with-29yj7ek3.png Fig. 5: (a)-(b): ASR and TPC versus required SINR Γmin with parameter α = 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9;(c): ASR versus required SINR Γmin with some different values of parameter σ20 = −143, −140, −130 dBW. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-average-number-of-active-rrh-ue-associations-avr-k5r3bxls.png TABLE II: Average number of active RRH-UE associations (Avr.RRH-UE) and active RRHs (Avr.RRHs). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-performance-of-asr-maximization-problem-b-c-tpc-1jxtrah2.png Fig. 4: (a): Performance of ASR maximization problem, (b)-(c): TPC minimization problem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-average-run-time-comparison-between-different-1oi7pjoc.png Fig. 3: (a): The average run time comparison between different algorithms with number of antenna per RRH Mi = 2, 3, (b)-(c): Tradeoff between ASR and TPC by varying α ∈ [0, 1], some values of α = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 are marked with (b): P FH = 0 and 8 dBW, (c): ξ = 50 and 100. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-1sp5651n.png TABLE I: Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-b-convergence-behavior-between-different-algorithms-gmh11y1f.png Fig. 2: (a)-(b): Convergence behavior between different algorithms for a set of random channel realizations . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-objective-in-6a-versus-parameter-a-b-trade-off-2kl3depu.png Fig. 6: (a): Objective in (6a) versus parameter α, (b): Trade-off curves with K = 50 and K = 60. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-foraging-theory-and-the-psychology-of-learning-4tpjeidye3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-accuracy-of-giving-up-and-attack-responses-as-a-2fclf8ve.png Fig. 3. Mean accuracy of giving-up and attack responses as a function of travel time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-giving-up-times-gut-latency-to-reject-an-image-2rm0mmjx.png Fig. 2. Mean giving-up times (GUT, latency to reject an image without a moth) and attack times (latency to peck at a moth when present) as a function of travel time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-catocala-relicta-resting-on-birch-the-moth-is-5j4aic45.png Fig. 1. A Catocala relicta resting on birch. The moth is located in the bottom half of the tree on the left. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-maintenance-scheduling-of-local-public-purpose-5qj8880tzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-alternative-paths-c-left-panel-and-3hsegicm.png Figure 2: Illustration of alternative paths c (left panel) and d and e (right panel) in time-state space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-figure-illustrates-alternative-paths-a-and-b-in-24nb7qed.png Figure 1: The figure illustrates alternative paths a and b in state-time space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numerical-example-of-29-and-30-the-left-panel-shows-3escjfqz.png Figure 3: Numerical example of (29) and (30). The left panel shows the path in the time-state space; the right panel shows the optimal maintenance schedule. Parameter values are: https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-mesh-algorithms-for-proximity-and-visibility-1utqgfms1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-internal-farthest-neighbor-q-of-p-and-the-shortest-2lhwm2k4.png Figure Internal farthest neighbor q of p and the shortest path between them https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-multicriteria-approach-to-the-iterative-fourier-5584qjtoud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-various-reconstructions-produced-by-the-model-svga1-algvy5d0.png Fig. 5. Various reconstructions produced by the Model SVGA1 SLM operated in the binary mode. Simulations for different values of and their corresponding optical reconstructions are shown: a 0 and b its reconstruction; c 0.01 and d its reconstruction; e 0.05 and f its reconstruction; g 0.999 and h its reconstruction. When increases a degradation in image accuracy as well as an increase in the diffraction efficiency can be noted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-occ-for-the-criteria-erra-for-the-trade-off-11m894kq.png Fig. 1. Typical OCC for the criteria , Erra for the trade-off parameter as it varies from 0 to 1. The most interesting part is highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-simulated-and-experimental-data-2jqnz7d2.png Table 2. Comparison of Simulated and Experimental Data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-loci-of-points-erra-for-the-various-values-of-that-2dlgh8u0.png Fig. 8. Loci of points , Erra for the various values of that correspond to the simulated reconstructions shown in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-all-three-windows-used-for-our-criteria-evaluation-w-s-sqi0iogs.png Fig. 6. All three windows used for our criteria evaluation: W s, i is the signal window ROI ; W n, i is used for the SSNR and is a noise window inside the signal window; W n, o is used for the NRR and is a noise window outside the signal window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-loci-of-points-1-nrr-and-1-ssnr-for-the-variation-of-16str9gl.png Fig. 7. Loci of points , 1/NRR and , 1/SSNR for the variation of from 0 to 1, corresponding to the experimental reconstructions shown in Fig. 5. The experimental efficiency is defined as the mean energy expressed in terms of the gray-level value in the ROI . As is highlighted, using the NRR may result in the incorrect evaluation of the reconstruction accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-principle-of-the-ifta-for-the-design-of-binary-1ak2b0mv.png Fig. 2. Principle of the IFTA for the design of binary-amplitude holograms. out is applied in the object plane and in i.e., outside the ROI and is less than 1; the scaling factor j applies to only. In the classical IFTA, j is fixed to 1, whereas it varies in the multicriteria IFTA, as explained in Section 3. FT, Fourier transformation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-computation-times-for-128-128-pixel-does-on-37kot9fl.png Table 1. Typical Computation Times for 128 128 Pixel DOEs on a DEC Model AlphaStation 500 at 500 MHz by Use of Various Techniques https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-pilot-tones-for-mimo-interleaved-ofdm-systems-45gk34su3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-optimal-training-sequence-ts-2vw00oqc.png Table 1. Comparison of Optimal Training Sequence(TS) Requirements for MIMO-OFDM and MIMO-IOFDM https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-mse-of-channel-estimates-for-mimo-2siu43hs.png Table 2. Comparison of MSE of Channel Estimates for MIMO-IOFDM ( ) and MIMO-OFDM ( ), the channel being estimated over consecutive OFDM blocks (as in [2]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-mse-in-vs-snr-for-mimoiofdm-system-for-38j5gzmb.png Fig. 2. Comparison of MSE in vs SNR for MIMOIOFDM System for different training sequences. ( , , , Modulation:BPSK, ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-for-mimo-iofdm-2kw4m6bh.png Fig. 1. Model for MIMO-IOFDM https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-power-control-in-cognitive-satellite-terrestrial-3tl9hd7mrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uplink-cognitive-satellite-terrestrial-network-28c9v2cm.png Fig. 1: Uplink cognitive satellite terrestrial network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-outage-probability-at-cognitive-satellite-user-versus-1nieot5m.png Fig. 3: Outage probability at cognitive satellite user versus ρ for different P̂I and mI with L = 10. which aims to maximize the outage capacity of the satellite user without degrading the communication quality of the primary terrestrial user. To alleviate the impact of imperfect CSI and guarantee the operation of primary terrestrial network, we employ a pilot-based channel estimation and a back-off interference power constraint for the satellite link and the terrestrial interference link, respectively. Extensive numerical results demonstrate the impact of various system parameters on the proposed power control scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-outage-probability-at-cognitive-satellite-user-versus-2ak6jm3q.png Fig. 2: Outage probability at cognitive satellite user versus L for different ρ with mI = 3 and P̂I = 0.1. https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-rate-delay-tradeoffs-and-delay-mitigating-codes-for-3zau21qi4z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-permutation-channel-reinterpreted-as-an-abstracted-1kr1jjyh.png Fig. 2. The permutation channel reinterpreted as an abstracted degraded broadcast channel for the purpose of analyzing rate delay tradeoffs. Upon reception of the first h(i) packets the sink may decode the first i frames. The decoding deadlines h = (h(1), . . . , h(N)) are illustrated in Figure 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-exact-normalized-rate-delay-tradeoffs-for-some-small-m-17mr5emn.png Fig. 6. Exact normalized rate delay tradeoffs for some small M,N for the i.i.d. exponential arrival time case for M = N = 3, 5, 7, and the approximated rate delay tradeoff via the calculus of variations for M = N = 10, 20, 40. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-exact-and-approximate-rate-delay-tradeoffs-when-the-3gfedofq.png Fig. 5. Exact and approximate rate delay tradeoffs when the (reordered) packets arrive in a constant periodic manner. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-mathematical-notation-2w99tzo9.png TABLE I MATHEMATICAL NOTATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-problem-and-the-approach-we-will-use-to-solve-it-7dr5jqkg.png Fig. 1. The problem and the approach we will use to solve it. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-illustration-of-the-decoding-deadline-sequence-h-h-1-h-2wto3zsc.png Fig. 7. Illustration of the decoding deadline sequence h = (h(1), . . . , h(N)), where h(i) is the number of packets that must be received to guarantee that frame i may be decoded for the case N = 10 frames and M = 9 packets. Using the notation n, l,k,∆ introduced the proof of the theorem, there are n = 5 distinct deadlines, namely l = (l1, . . . , ln) = (2, 4, 5, 8, 9), and the last frame indices associated with each deadline are k = (k0, . . . , kn) = (0, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10). The duration of each deadline is given as ∆ = (∆1, . . . ,∆n) = (2, 1, 3, 2, 2). https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-sample-patches-selection-for-tile-based-texture-ortco8siil 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-improved-image-quilting-results-left-to-right-input-18obxfm5.png Figure 2. Improved image quilting results. Left to right: input texture sample, image quilting results, our results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boundary-artifacts-in-a-structured-texture-3jl9laq8.png Figure 1. Boundary artifacts in a structured texture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-more-results-of-our-synthesis-algorithm-in-each-2wr86cxc.png Figure 4. More results of our synthesis algorithm. In each example, the small (left) image is the input sample texture and the large (right) image is the output texture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genetic-algorithm-training-time-3d9tqf77.png Table 1. Genetic Algorithm training time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-among-wang-tiles-based-method-left-our-38qstcxe.png Figure 3. Comparison among Wang Tiles-based method (left), our method (middle) and image quilting method https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-scheduling-of-biogas-solar-wind-renewable-portfolio-kazobsuwl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-multi-energy-load-profiles-of-a-typical-day-on-winter-825r9z5d.png Fig. 4 Multi-energy load profiles of a typical day on winter season https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-plot-of-daily-digestion-temperature-curves-with-1cjze0rv.png Fig. 5 The plot of daily digestion temperature curves with schemes 1-3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-technical-specifications-of-microgrid-components-in-36y81obp.png TABLE I TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF MICROGRID COMPONENTS IN HUNAN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-multi-energy-load-profiles-of-a-typical-day-on-summer-nfp5bfao.png Fig. 3 Multi-energy load profiles of a typical day on summer season https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-plot-of-daily-heating-energy-injection-with-dlxjo8qh.png Fig. 6 The plot of daily heating energy injection with schemes 1-3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-r-c-thermal-network-of-digester-inside-and-its-flb4s4t7.png Fig. 1 R-C thermal network of digester inside and its surrounding walls https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-plot-of-daily-energy-outputs-of-furnace-with-2utfgcg0.png Fig. 11 The plot of daily energy outputs of furnace with schemes 1-3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-plot-of-soc-of-biogas-storage-with-schemes-1-3-3nded707.png Fig. 8 The plot of SOC of biogas storage with schemes 1-3 https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-transmission-scheduling-for-a-hybrid-of-full-and-zj6t3wep3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-data-rate-of-each-phase-in-the-proposed-scheme-286s4q42.png Fig. 1. Average data rate of each phase in the proposed scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-end-to-end-throughput-of-each-relaying-schemes-1ai4lg4h.png Fig. 2. End-to-end throughput of each relaying schemes. https://scispace.com/papers/optimisation-of-multi-modal-aerodynamic-shape-and-topology-426nc9sne9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-four-levels-of-subdivision-of-a-four-point-control-2hp12cmw.png Figure 4: Four levels of subdivision of a four point control polygon. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-su2-configuration-3h9cv5so.png Table 1: SU2 Configuration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mlso-runs-for-different-settings-from-1-to-7-for-a-16v3h3g2.png Figure 10: MLSO runs for different settings from 1 to 7 for a single body starting geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transfer-of-geometry-between-parameterisations-39lp1fur.png Figure 5: Transfer of geometry between parameterisations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-algorithms-for-combined-global-topology-and-local-355erqju.png Figure 7: Algorithms for combined global topology and local shape optimisation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-convergence-of-hybrid-mlso-rsvs-runs-to-optimise-3mnwhwjs.png Figure 9: Convergence of hybrid MLSO-RSVS runs to optimise all agents from five starting points in the global search. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-pressure-coefficient-flood-plots-for-some-of-the-2tw92i4j.png Figure 14: Pressure coefficient flood plots for some of the profiles optimised by the MS-MLSO framework on a population with increased topological flexibility. In each subfigure the initial drag (CD0) and the final drag (CD) is stated. The starting profile is inset at the bottom left of the images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-three-types-of-linear-optimum-at-mach-2-with-an-1x1ud25l.png Figure 8: Three types of linear optimum at Mach 2 with an area (cA) of 0.08 https://scispace.com/papers/optimal-two-level-conjoint-designs-with-constant-attributes-46x1o18ys9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-orthogonal-subdesigns-with-the-levels-of-kv-2-non-3fz6rv2x.png Table 2 Orthogonal subdesigns with the levels of kv=2 non-constant attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-orthogonal-subdesigns-with-the-levels-of-kv-3-non-1fk6ppow.png Table 3 Orthogonal subdesigns with the levels of kv=3 non-constant attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percentage-information-losses-per-part-worth-that-3vr1m99a.png Fig. 1. Percentage information losses per part-worth that result from using kc=1 and 2 constant attributes for degrees of correlation between 0 and 0.9. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-orthogonal-subdesigns-with-the-levels-of-kv-4-non-2l5ldxrq.png Table 4 Orthogonal subdesigns with the levels of kv=4 non-constant attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimal-variance-balanced-conjoint-design-with-b-12-30quf1gl.png Table 1 Optimal variance-balanced conjoint design with b=12 sets of m=2 profiles, kc=2 constant attributes and kv=4 non-constant attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-amount-of-information-on-the-intercept-and-the-part-35tmqnc1.png Table 5 Amount of information on the intercept and the part-worths obtained from the optimal variance-balanced conjoint designs, as measured by the diagonal elements of the information matrix, for kc=1 and kv=3 and for kc=kv=2. https://scispace.com/papers/optimistic-replication-and-resolution-3lgppbw4b7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-sites-with-replicas-of-logical-item-x-site-1-1yc62v33.png Figure 1: Three sites with replicas of logical item x. Site 1 initiates transaction f , Site 2 initiates g. The system propagates and replays on remote sites. Site 3 executes in the order g; f , whereas Site 1 replays f before g. Eventually, Site 2 will also execute f . https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-amino-acid-sequence-of-fmoc-dipeptides-for-2rtz2xh2yu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-brewster-angle-microscopy-images-for-the-dmpa-fmoc-1w0pc2il.png Figure 4. Brewster Angle Microscopy images for the DMPA:Fmoc-RF (top), DMPA:Fmoc-CF (middle), and DMPA:Fmoc-MF (bottom) monolayers. The values of surface pressure and https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-abbreviation-and-chemical-groups-for-each-derivative-3c5u9gs4.png Table 1. Abbreviation and chemical groups for each derivative of Fmoc-dipeptide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structures-for-the-dmpa-phospholipid-and-2wqsc1qt.png Figure 1. Molecular structures for the DMPA phospholipid and the Fmoc-dipeptide derivatives. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-integral-value-of-the-normalized-uv-vis-spectra-at-2zvb81gk.png Figure 8. Integral value of the normalized UV-vis spectra at different values of available surface area per DMPA molecule for the DMPA:FmocFF, DMPA:FmocMF, and DMPA:FmocCF as noted in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-brewster-angle-microscopy-images-for-the-dmpa-fmoc-36svmb0w.png Figure 3. Brewster Angle Microscopy images for the DMPA:Fmoc-GG (top), DMPA:Fmoc-AA (middle), and DMPA:Fmoc-LG (bottom) monolayers. The values of surface pressure and available surface area per DMPA molecule are included at the bottom of each picture. The width of each frame corresponds to 215 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-uv-vis-reflection-for-the-dmpa-fmoc-cf-top-red-line-4vldzwte.png Figure 6. UV-vis reflection for the DMPA:Fmoc-CF (top, red line) and DMPA:Fmoc-FF (bottom, blue line) monolayers. The values of available surface area per DMPA molecule are indicated in the inset. Maximum values of wavelength for each band are indicated in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-brewster-angle-microscopy-images-for-the-dmpa-fmoc-28d9ds1j.png Figure 5. Brewster Angle Microscopy images for the DMPA:Fmoc-FF monolayer. The values of surface pressure and available surface area per DMPA molecule are included at the bottom of each picture. The width of each frame corresponds to 215 m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-interactions-of-the-fmoc-dipeptide-5r0k5h0i.png Table 3. Summary of the interactions of the Fmoc-dipeptide derivatives with a model membrane as a function of –log P. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-an-active-twist-rotor-blade-planform-for-1olems2eyd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-baseline-vibration-and-actuated-vibration-and-he2pt7mr.png Table 4. Baseline vibration and actuated vibration and corresponding control magnitude at μ=0.3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-baseline-blade-planform-and-tip-design-parameter-3vrxv6ig.png Figure 1. Baseline blade planform and tip design parameter locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-frequency-response-function-of-poweroptimized-29sxtany.png Figure 8. Frequency response function of poweroptimized design with and without balance mass. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-blade-mode-frequency-and-identification-2nbs1p8d.png Table 5. Blade mode frequency and identification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-power-optimized-design-fan-plots-with-and-without-wnbb7ls1.png Figure 7. Power-optimized design fan plots with and without balance mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ideal-active-twist-frequency-response-function-1lbe3v48.png Figure 2. Ideal active twist frequency response function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-total-blade-mass-and-balance-mass-slugs-31vnbqah.png Table 6. Total blade mass and balance mass (slugs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sensitivity-of-active-twist-frf-to-w-0-2-4-6-8-10-33wx98v7.png Figure 3. Sensitivity of active twist FRF to w . 0 2 4 6 8 10 https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-chr-propagation-rules-3a0424kpt1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-chr-handler-that-computes-fibonacci-numbers-using-a-11vw1r34.png Fig. 4. A CHR handler that computes Fibonacci numbers using a top-down computation strategy with memoization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-leq-a-chr-program-for-the-less-than-or-equal-1kwooiml.png Fig. 1. leq, a CHR program for the less-than-or-equal constraint. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-chr-rules-computing-the-sum-of-the-account-balances-of-fpet5qzi.png Fig. 5. CHR rules computing the sum of the account balances of a given client. These rules may be part of some larger CHR handler modeling a banking application. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pseudocode-for-the-second-occurrence-of-the-up-to-1-1xsfln90.png Fig. 6. Pseudocode for the second occurrence of the up to/1 constraint of Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-benchmark-results-in-average-milliseconds-for-1sygefam.png Table 2. Benchmark results (in average milliseconds) for idempotent propagation rules. The ‘#’ columns give the number of propagation rules over the total number of rules. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-results-in-average-milliseconds-for-non-1cjgeo4v.png Table 1. Benchmark results (in average milliseconds) for non-reactive CHR rules. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-transition-rules-of-the-refined-operational-2gmfw22q.png Fig. 2. The transition rules of the refined operational semantics ωr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-this-handler-referred-to-as-fibbo-performs-a-bottom-up-1gvz3x3y.png Fig. 3. This handler, referred to as fibbo, performs a bottom-up computation of all Fibonacci numbers up to a given number. All constraint arguments are fixed integers. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-consistency-based-multiple-sequence-137vhxz6o9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-library-calculation-time-of-dmel-and-mel-37f2wflk.png Fig. 2 Comparison of Library calculation time of DMEL and MEL using HomFam sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-balibase-accuracy-results-with-mel-28fhe68y.png Table 1 BAliBASE accuracy results with MEL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mapreduce-tasks-granularity-execution-time-1w0agq6a.png Table 2 MapReduce Tasks granularity - Execution time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-execution-time-of-dmel-mel-and-t-4hlsibic.png Fig. 5 Comparison of the execution time of DMEL, MEL and T-Coffee using HomFam sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-accuracy-of-dmel-and-t-coffee-using-2uwxkszl.png Fig. 4 Comparison of the accuracy of DMEL and T-Coffee using HomFam sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scalability-of-dmel-with-homfam-sets-3adcq31i.png Fig. 3 Scalability of DMEL with HomFam sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-library-structure-1en20q2o.png Fig. 1 Library structure. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-the-centrifugal-slurry-pump-through-the-5vd1yt7c1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-height-distribution-of-slip-factor-in-optimized-220c176g.png Fig. 17. Height distribution of slip factor in optimized impeller from hub to shroud https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristics-of-measurement-instruments-3g5y1nj8.png Table 4. Characteristics of measurement instruments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distribution-of-particles-volume-fraction-in-the-gbw-34k9jnhk.png Fig. 7. Distribution of particles volume fraction in the GBW slurry at a concentration of 5.6% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-testbed-schematic-all-dimensions-are-in-millimeter-2fhhxjym.png Fig. 4. Testbed schematic (all dimensions are in millimeter) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-effect-of-splitter-blade-number-and-peripheral-2aq32fg7.png Fig. 11. Effect of splitter blade number and peripheral position on efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-effect-of-splitter-blade-position-on-the-head-3syehalg.png Fig. 12. Effect of splitter blade position on the head https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-diagram-of-the-optimization-3icb5ry9.png Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the optimization https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-primary-and-optimized-parameter-of-the-splitter-2neq8ytg.png Table 6. Primary and optimized parameter of the splitter https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-parameters-of-chemical-spray-pyrolysis-3valond9mw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-afm-image-of-sns-films-prepared-at-a-ts-375-degc-and-b-3mxbn3uh.png Fig. 4. AFM image of SnS films prepared at (a) TS=375 °C and (b) TS=300 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variation-of-film-thickness-with-ts-2j493feq.png Fig. 5. Variation of film thickness with TS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-image-of-sns-films-prepared-at-a-ts-375-degc-and-b-gv4gdz31.png Fig. 3. SEM image of SnS films prepared at (a) TS=375 °C and (b) TS=300 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-variation-of-photosensitivity-with-msn-11ppk6i1.png Fig. 11. Variation of photosensitivity with MSn. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-xrd-pattern-of-the-sample-prepared-with-a-msn-0-06-m-1wcl077d.png Fig. 12. XRD pattern of the sample prepared with (a) MSn=0.06 M, (b) MSn=0.08 M, (c) MSn=0.10 M and (d) MSn=0.12 M. For all the sets, MS is kept constant at 0.1 M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-of-resistivity-with-msn-28mpg3k3.png Fig. 10. Variation of resistivity with MSn. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-xrd-pattern-of-snxsy-films-prepared-at-a-ts-300-degc-b-3ssj128x.png Fig. 1. XRD pattern of SnxSy films prepared at (a) TS=300 °C, (b) TS=350 °C, (c) TS= 400 °C, (d) TS=450 °C and (e) TS=500 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-pattern-of-sns-films-prepared-at-ts-375-degc-3qjtr7eb.png Fig. 2. XRD pattern of SnS films prepared at TS=375 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/optimizing-diet-and-pasture-management-to-improve-40wtfu6r03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-population-specific-limits-on-forage-pasture-and-1tlnt788.png Table 6 Population-specific limits on forage, pasture and other specific feeds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-projected-changes-in-seasonal-precipitation-in-the-1lp9cwb3.png Table 7 Projected changes in seasonal precipitation in the Pacific Northwest, the Midwest and Tex https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-objective-statements-and-constraint-functions-for-s5txu0kz.png Table 5 Objective statements and constraint functions for the optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-baseline-scenario-outputs-of-environmental-impact-1cjqk3q0.png Table 8 Baseline scenario outputs of environmental impact. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-land-use-water-use-and-greenhouse-gas-emission-changes-xzhu8917.png Fig. 2. Land use, water use and greenhouse gas emission changes from the baseline sce below the x-axis represent reductions in environmental impact compared with the base https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-regional-changes-in-environmental-impact-with-and-1lppg80h.png Fig. 3. Regional changes in environmental impact with and without projected precipitation changes. Negative values represent a decrease in environmental impact compared with the least-cost baseline scenario. Scenarios are listed across the bottom of each graph. Average represents current average weather patterns while ‘‘Predicted’’ included the projected precipitation changes projected by the U.S. Global Climate Change Center. Panel A represents scenarios minimizing water; B minimizes land; C minimizes GHG emissions; and D minimizes all. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-equations-for-calculating-animal-populations-and-key-x2p2vdbz.png Table 1 Equations for calculating animal populations and key weight parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-depiction-of-the-inputs-outputs-and-optimization-1gjvlfw4.png Fig. 1. Depiction of the inputs, outputs and optimization procedure. Model inputs are represented as flows into the Optimization box, outputs are flows out of the Optimization box. https://scispace.com/papers/optimized-performance-map-of-an-eam-for-pulse-generation-and-35j9ahm4o7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-retrieved-intensity-and-chirp-of-pulses-generated-1q8itepx.png Fig. 2 Retrieved intensity and chirp of pulses generated using CW laser followed by external modulator. (a) Generated pulses characterized with 50GHz oscilloscope and (b) Generated pulse and corresponding chirp chara terized using the FROG technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-extinction-ratio-and-ber-performance-at-1e-9-as-a-1clj2rbq.png Fig. 7 Extinction ratio and BER performance at 1e-9 as a function of reverse bias, measured from a VPI model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pulse-width-fwhm-and-frequency-chirp-as-a-function-of-2d5re61r.png Fig. 3 Pulse width (FWHM) and frequency chirp as a function of reverse bias and RF drive voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-simulation-model-of-80-gb-s-otdm-system-using-vpi-3pijesnp.png Fig. 6 Simulation model of 80 Gb/s OTDM system using VPI software package https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-80-gb-s-test-bed-used-to-accurately-measure-the-ber-1xpc0vke.png Fig. 4 80 Gb/s test bed used to accurately measure the BER performance of an EAM operating as a 80-40 Gb/s demultiplexer. The 80 Gb/s system was initially demultiplexed down to 40 Gb/s using the electro-absorption modulator. The bias an RF drive voltages applied to the EAM are consistent with the pulse generation experiment described in section 1. This produced a varying gate width and ER which would have an effect on the optimum system demultiplex ng performance. As before the system was analyzed for a range of reverse bias conditions and RF drive voltages. The optical data was demultiplexed down to 20 Gb/s with the aid of a MZM before it was optically pre-amplified and received. Demultiplexing down to the base rate (10 Gb/s) was carried out with the aid of an electrical demultiplexer. BER rate measurements were p formed for a range of received optical powers (measured before the 20 Gb/s receiver stage). Signal analysis was carried out with a 50 GHz oscilloscope in conjunction with a 50 GHz detector and the BER performance was monitored with an error detector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-experimental-setup-used-for-pulse-generation-and-b-16ztgemw.png Fig. 1 (a) Experimental setup used for pulse generation and (b) DC transfer characteristic measured at a range of wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimentally-measured-extinction-ratio-and-ber-zaz3dv8b.png Fig. 5 Experimentally measured extinction ratio and BER performance at 1e-9 as a function of reverse bias. BER tests were performed at various EAM operating conditions and the result is plotted in terms of the power penalty at a bit error rate of 1e-9 relative to the optimum performance (measured at point Prec as seen in Fig. 4) and the reverse bias condition of the EAM. https://scispace.com/papers/optimization-of-the-extraction-of-galactoglucomannans-from-466qtfl3o4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ph-of-water-extracts-obtained-at-different-2u0ot3qn.png Figure 2: pH of water extracts obtained at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-sugar-composition-of-ethanol-soluble-compounds-3pqbd8qr.png Figure 16: Sugar composition of ethanol soluble compounds from water extracts (mg g−1 of wood). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-amounts-of-precipitates-in-ethanol-from-extracts-2rw2zpeb.png Figure 8: Amounts of precipitates in ethanol from extracts obtained at different temperatures (mg g−1 of wood). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-amounts-of-free-acetic-acid-of-water-extracts-3iuott00.png Figure 6: Amounts of free acetic acid of water extracts released during ASE extraction at different temperatures (mg g−1 of wood). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-amounts-of-lignin-in-water-extracts-released-during-16hnnqma.png Figure 7: Amounts of lignin in water extracts released during ASE extraction at different temperatures (mg g−1 of wood). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-non-cellulosic-carbohydrates-of-precipitates-eogpiogx.png Figure 10: Non-cellulosic carbohydrates of precipitates obtained from extracts at different temperatures (mg g−1 of ethanol precipitates). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hpsec-of-precipitates-at-different-temperatures-myk80x90.png Figure 9: HPSEC of precipitates at different temperatures. Calculated weight average Mw values given in parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-carbohydrate-composition-of-ggms-obtained-at-2clo06yd.png Figure 11: Carbohydrate composition of GGMs obtained at different temperatures (mg g−1 of ethanol precipitates). Figure 12: Carbohydrate composition of xylans at different temperatures (mg g−1 of ethanol precipitates). https://scispace.com/papers/optimizing-energy-growth-as-a-tool-for-finding-exact-3bxm442nfv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-isolines-for-u-0-of-the-streamwise-component-of-the-xhrz46qm.png FIG. 8. Isolines for u = 0 of the streamwise component of the total flow of the equilibrium snake solution shown in Fig. 7. The labels refer to states at the numbered circles on the solution curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-time-evolution-of-optimal-perturbations-for-t-40-the-1vf3zg4c.png FIG. 14. Time evolution of optimal perturbations for T = 40. The blue line shows the evolution of NLOP2 at Rib = 0 for Re = 100 at E0 = 8.0 × 10−3 and the cyan line the evolution of NLOP2 at Rib = 0 for Re = 130 at E0 = 6.0 × 10−3. The circles indicate the states used as an initial guess for the GMRES algorithm and the dashed lines show the evolution of the GMRES output. When Re = 100 at E0 = 8.0 × 10−3 the GMRES iteration decays back to the laminar state. At Re = 130, however, and E0 = 6.0 × 10−3 the GMRES iteration converges to Nagata’s solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-contours-of-streamwise-velocity-for-nlop2-left-using-2vphfwxx.png FIG. 13. Contours of streamwise velocity for NLOP2 (left) using T = 40 at E0 = 8.0 × 10−3 and what it evolves into at t = 16 (maximum kinetic energy) on the right. The same contour levels are used for both plots (eight levels between −0.72 and 0.58) and the isocontours are ±60% of the maximum streamwise perturbation velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-estimation-of-the-curve-of-ec-for-re-400-and-t-50-in-1144u1jp.png FIG. 22. Estimation of the curve of Ec for Re = 400 and T = 50 in box 2π × 2 × π . Turbulent events are marked as red crosses and relaminarization as solid blue dots. No discernible energy threshold is observed at Rib = 0.06 when EQ7 no longer exists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-top-left-shows-the-gain-bold-red-line-residual-2j8ugcka.png FIG. 2. The top left shows the gain (bold red line), residual (black line), and (green line) for variational computations with initial energyE0 = 5 × 10−4 at Re = 180, Rib = 0, and T = 150 in a 4π × 2 × 16π domain [the computation is started with random noise, so the gain is O(10−9) after one step of the algorithm]. The top right shows the time evolution of the initial perturbation for iterations m = 15, 50, and 200. The state at t = 100 from the initial condition at m = 200 is used as an initial guess for the Newton GMRES method. A horizontal dotted line shows the level of kinetic energy of the subsequently converged solution shown in Fig. 3. The red dots indicate the evolution of the perturbation shown below at times t = 0, 20, 60, and 100 (top to bottom). The left column shows the xz cross section at y = 0 using eight contour levels (between −0.58 and 0.059) and the right column isocontours showing ±60% of the maximum streamwise perturbation velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-continuation-in-rib-of-the-equilibrium-snake-solution-5f054mww.png FIG. 7. Continuation in Rib of the equilibrium snake solution at fixed Re = 180 extended to unstable stratification in the 4π × 2 × 16π box. The solution at each circle marked from 1 to 10 is visualized in Fig. 8. The inset shows the connection of the snake solution to the Nagata solution with spanwise wave number β = 1.5 (the black dashed line is the Nagata solution with spanwise wave number β = 1 shown in Fig. 6). The triangle marks the connection to the 2D convective rolls of Rayleigh-Bénard convection. The vertical blue dotted line marks the threshold of convective instability at Rib = −3.2943 × 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shown-on-top-is-the-flow-state-used-as-an-initial-1sv1hqyt.png FIG. 3. Shown on top is the flow state used as an initial guess, the red circle marked at t = 100 in Fig. 2. Shown on the bottom is the converged state after 26 Newton steps. There are seven contour levels going from −1 to 1 with a blue isoline indicating u = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-lop1-left-and-lop2-right-for-t-20-with-e0-1-0-x-10-4-3fw7xpkz.png FIG. 11. LOP1 (left) and LOP2 (right) for T = 20 with E0 = 1.0 × 10−4. Here LOP1 is the 2D optimal shown in Fig. 4 of [4]. The same contour levels are used for both plots (eight levels between −0.004 and 0.004) and isocontours are ±60% of the maximum streamwise perturbation velocity. https://scispace.com/papers/oral-processing-behavior-and-dynamic-sensory-perception-of-48lcr30s26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-783-3p66uavu.png Table 1: 783 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-763-384b8qmv.png Figure 3: 763 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-757-s3pt2vhm.png Figure 1: 757 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-760-9914pk08.png Figure 2: 760 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-786-2c9jiiua.png Table 2: 786 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-790-v1im44rn.png Table 3: 790 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-771-uudxbc3t.png Figure 6: 771 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-766-1vziwfvd.png Figure 4: 766 https://scispace.com/papers/oral-submucous-fibrosis-a-historical-perspective-and-a-42y4tmehpa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-glossary-of-areca-nut-its-products-14meixse.png Table 1: GLOSSARY OF ARECA NUT & ITS PRODUCTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-genetic-polymorphisms-predisposing-to-osf-or-2uuv8yd6.png Table 4: Genetic polymorphisms predisposing to OSF or confirming protection https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dose-response-relationship-of-areca-habits-and-osf-1z2be5bl.png Table 3: Dose response relationship of areca habits and OSF https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forms-of-areca-nut-used-in-south-asia-pacific-17pcr3uj.png Figure 1. Forms of areca nut used in south Asia, pacific islands and China: (a) Ripe areca fruit (b) unripe areca fruit as consumed in Taiwan (c) arec nut (endosperm of Areca fruit shown in (a) commonly consumed in south Asia (d) areca husk used in mainland China (Reproduced with kind permission of J Inv Clin Dent; Reichart PA, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral lichenoid contact lesions induced by areca nut and betel quid chewing: a mini review. J Investig Clin Dent.. 2012 Aug;3(3):163-6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-epidemiological-studies-confirming-the-association-2ft8vyq6.png Table 1: GLOSSARY OF ARECA NUT & ITS PRODUCTS https://scispace.com/papers/optimizing-throughput-for-limited-receiver-circuit-power-x3736ldxhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-receiver-cascade-consisting-of-m-stages-3w0er067.png Fig. 1: Receiver cascade, consisting of M stages. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-typical-design-choices-for-cascades-in-an-asc-lna-6-345cvflt.png TABLE I: Typical design choices for cascades in an ASC (LNA [6], Mixer [7], and Output buffer [8]). Where, numbers denoted in italics are considered as variable in this paper. https://scispace.com/papers/order-and-disorder-at-the-c-face-of-sic-a-hybrid-surface-2mp6rf2ki6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-graphical-toc-graphical-toc-1vgvqo2v.png FIG. 4. Graphical TOC Graphical TOC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stm-images-of-a-2dl1-supercell-with-50-silicon-o9kwz0nk.png FIG. 3. STM images of a 2DL1 supercell with 50% silicon substituted C sites at different voltages: (a) -2.5V, (b) 2.5V and (c) -0.6V. The five different site types are marked by colored circles: A (orange), B (green), C+(light blue), C−(dark blue) and O sites (red). The surface cell of the 3×3 is represented by a cyan rhombus. (d) 3D view of the surface with the color marks used in a-c panels. (e) The partial DOS for the five type of atoms highlighted in (d). Color lines follow the same color code as in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-intensive-pes-exploration-of-the-3x3-sic-surface-a-32so9dn1.png FIG. 2. The intensive PES exploration of the 3×3 SiC surface. (a) Scatter plot of evaluated models as a function of the surplus at the surface of C and Si atoms with respect to the raw bulk-terminated surface 3×3. Negative values means removal of atoms from the sub-surface layer. The radius of each circle is proportional to the number of considered models at a given surface chemistry. The dotted lines correspond to a full addition/removal of atoms of the same type in the last SiC bilayer. Closed contours correspond to sectors of a given topology class for the lowest FE model at each concentration point. Color is scaled on formation energy at ∆µC = 0 in reference to the lowest energy model, i.e. the 2DL1 one at (0,5). (b) A schematic view of examples for the five class of topologies: pure ad-atoms, 2D and 3D Cluster of ad-atoms, 2D and 3D ad-Layers covering the whole surface. Si and C atoms are in red and gray respectively. (c) surface formation energy (FE) as a function of the carbon chemical potential. FE was calculated relative to the raw bulk-terminated SiC surface (1×1). The SiC bulk is stable in the range −0.628 ≤ µC −EbulkC ≤ 0 eV. Some previous models are: 3DL1 (blue),6 3DC2 (lime green)7 and 3DC1 (dark red).3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-sic-3x3-cyan-rhombus-reconstruction-stm-at-14bajv3s.png FIG. 1. The SiC 3×3 (cyan rhombus) reconstruction. STM at different voltages; (a) stmo at -2.5V, (b) stmu at 2.5V and (c) stmg at -0.65V.9 (d) STM of ultra-thin silica on 2×2 (green rhombus) Ru oxide measured at 0.9V.22 (e-f) This film is composed of two Si ad-atoms respectively on a top and an hollow Ru positions15 and 3 bridging O atoms (defining O sites). Si, O and Ru atoms are blue, red and purple respectively. The 2DL1 model (g-h) contains 2 top Si ad-atoms on A and B sites and 3 bridging Si on O sites. These five ad-atoms forming an over-layer are shown in blue and their connections with the carbon dangling bonds are represented by red bonds, whereas bulk Si and C atoms are green and black. STM simulations of 2DL1 at -2.5V (i) and +2.5V (j) to be compared to (a) and (b) respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/order-scheduling-with-tardiness-objective-improved-vujea3o5eu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-big-tesbed-tukey-confidence-intervals-for-rdi-1o86a8jg.png Figure 5: BIG Tesbed: Tukey confidence intervals for RDI https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-big-testbed-number-of-optimum-for-milp-and-of-2ak9y0bl.png Table 5: BIG Testbed: Number of optimum for MILP and % of optimal solutions for the rest of methods for m and n. https://scispace.com/papers/order-of-magnitude-increase-in-photocatalytic-rate-for-2pf88oaylv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-of-a-the-as-made-zn2tio4-and-zno-film-b-25u8q06z.png Figure 3. SEM images of (a) the as made Zn2TiO4 and ZnO film, (b) after processing with acid to remove ZnO and (c) final HP-TiO2 after reduction with H2/N2 gas at elevated temperature. Image (d) shows the results of reduction to TiO2 of a pure Zn2TiO4 film. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-diffraction-pattern-of-the-as-made-film-of-zno-10r1rc09.png Figure 2.(a) Diffraction pattern of the as-made film of ZnO and Zn2TiO4, (b) pattern after processing with acid showing loss of ZnO, and (c) pattern collected after reduction, showing conversion to TiO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bar-chart-displays-the-surface-area-of-the-three-2ybdxlc2.png Figure 6. Bar chart displays the surface area of the three titania samples, with the scale to the left. Superimposed are photocatalytic formal quantum efficiencies (FQEs) of stearic acid degradation (squares) and DCIP dye decolouration (diamonds), with scale to the right. The filled markers show the actual FQE, the empty symbols are the values normalized to accessible surface area. Where they cannot be observed, error bars are smaller than the markers, and the lines are guides to the eye only. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-photocatalytic-rates-of-the-dye-28np6fgu.png Table 2. Summary of the photocatalytic rates of the dye decolouration and stearic acid decomposition tests for the three titania samples.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-example-data-set-of-visible-spectra-recorded-on-2ucargoy.png Figure 4. (a) Example data set of visible spectra recorded on dye solution aliquots taken after exposure to UV and HP-TiO2 photocatalyst, recorded at 30 min intervals, showing clear reduction in peak intensity with time. (b) Values of dye concentration as a function of time for the three titania samples and an uncoated control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-of-adsorbed-stearic-acid-as-a-function-of-3alanuke.png Figure 5. Plots of adsorbed stearic acid as a function of irradiation time, for the three samples, HP-TiO2, P-TiO2, and D-TiO2. Top inset shows the FTIR data for HP-TiO2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-zinc-titanate-films-formed-from-zinc-3gdkmy5g.png Table 1. Summary of zinc titanate films formed from zinc acetate (ZA) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diffraction-patterns-collected-at-front-20-mm-and-1ugpef5y.png Figure 1. Diffraction patterns collected at front (20 mm) and rear (100 mm) sections of films synthesized with ratios of zinc acetate to titanium isopropoxide from 1:1 to 5:1. The broken blue lines represented the positions of the peaks for Zn2TiO4, while the solid green lines those for ZnO. The front pattern for the 1:1 film contains peaks that can be indexed to (ZnTi)3O5, marked with a red asterisk (*). The front section of the 3:1 film contains peaks which can be indexed to ZnTiO 3, ﾏ;ヴﾆWS ┘ｷデｴ ; ヴWS S;ｪｪWヴ ふゆぶく https://scispace.com/papers/order-recall-in-verbal-short-term-memory-the-role-of-r1axrynrpk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-error-frequency-for-item-5-and-b-item-6-as-a-2wz2vtou.png Figure 3. (A) Error frequency for item 5 and (B) item 6 as a function of recall position. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals computed according to the method of Loftus and Masson (1994) for the between-subjects factor of similarity. When the difference between two means is significant, those confidence intervals do not overlap by more than half the distance of one side of an interval (Masson & Loftus, 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-trials-showing-an-error-for-item-5-as-1muh4tmp.png Figure 1. Percentage of trials showing an error for Item 5 as a function of presentation position; only the erroneous recall positions are plotted on the x-axis. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals computed according to the method of Loftus and Masson (1994) for withinsubject factors. When the difference between two means is significant, those confidence intervals do not overlap by more than half the distance of one side of an interval (Masson & Loftus, 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-experimental-and-control-lists-4fc4xq9u.png Table 1: Sample experimental and control lists https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-recall-across-positions-and-for-position-5-2olfgvnj.png Table 2: Mean recall across positions and for position 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-error-frequency-for-item-5-and-b-item-6-as-a-1tqzq0go.png Figure 2. (A) Error frequency for item 5 and (B) item 6 as a function of recall position. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals computed according to the method of Loftus and Masson (1994) for the between-subjects factor of similarity. When the difference between two means is significant, those confidence intervals do not overlap by more than half the distance of one side of an interval (Masson & Loftus, 2003). https://scispace.com/papers/oregon-residential-energy-code-field-study-41dmzpbvgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-wall-u-factors-for-oregon-25h4hhvz.png Figure 3.5. Wall U-Factors for Oregon https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-6-oregon-wall-u-factors-2ej7285e.png Table 3.6. Oregon Wall U-Factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-ceiling-u-factor-15xuh5bt.png Figure 3.7. Ceiling U-Factor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-envelope-tightness-for-oregon-3t6225t0.png Figure 3.1. Envelope Tightness for Oregon https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-14-duct-tightness-values-for-oregon-ok3tkl9w.png Figure 3.14. Duct Tightness Values for Oregon https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-12-basement-wall-iiqs-for-oregon-3mjyoiaz.png Table 3.12. Basement Wall IIQs for Oregon https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-11-oregon-basement-wall-cavity-r-values-3dg5saqo.png Table 3.11. Oregon Basement Wall Cavity R-Values https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-12-shows-the-number-and-percentage-of-iiq-lieqk5un.png Table 3.12. Basement Wall IIQs for Oregon https://scispace.com/papers/organic-carbon-removal-from-wastewater-by-a-pha-storing-3ok2ejg8rs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-operation-parameters-of-the-reactor-to-test-the-2qoohg12.png Table 2: Operation parameters of the reactor to test the effect of acetate to oxygen ratio to sustain continuous acetate removal. From the oxygen consumption, the acetate oxidised was calculated and the acetate storage determined. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-acetate-removal-glycogen-phb-and-phv-production-by-3azkximd.png Figure 4: Acetate (●) removal, glycogen (▲), PHB (♦) and PHV (■) production by a subsample of the biofilm in suspension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-behaviour-of-a-single-cycle-of-the-storage-28cqwhjt.png Figure 5: Typical behaviour of a single cycle of the storage biofilm reactor during anaerobic acetate storage (●) (0-2 h) and calculated aerobic acetate oxidation (○) (2-3h). Oxygen consumption (■) was used to calculate acetate oxidised. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-microbial-population-of-biofilm-27dymb41.png Figure 3: Comparison of the microbial population of biofilm described (white) with that of activated sludge (grey). Size of the node labels is proportional to the number of sequence reads at each taxonomic level. The pie slices are proportional to differences in sequence reads at the taxonomic level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-effect-of-increasing-the-carbon-to-oxygen-ratio-3g0ukxhe.png Figure 6: The effect of increasing the carbon to oxygen ratio, on the continuous removal of acetate. Continuous operation of the storage biofilm reactor under repeated cycles of synthetic wastewater with 1 pore volume of air provided, 24 cycles of 14 Cmmol/L, 18 cycles of 22Cmmol/L and 5 cycles of 30 Cmmol/L. Example cycles of 14 Cmmol/L (●) and carbon outflow (○), of 22 Cmmol/L (▲) and carbon outflow (∆), and of 30 Cmmol/L (■) and carbon outflow ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-acetate-storage-after-2-8-and-9-weeks-of-operations-2z4xtcbg.png Figure 2: Acetate storage after 2 (●), 8 (■) and 9 (▲) weeks of operations. The acetate supplied was lower, from 12Cmmol/L to 7.5 Cmmol/L, after the week 2 to prevent the development of non-storing bacteria during the aerobic phase when acetate is present in the water. https://scispace.com/papers/organic-farming-as-regional-smart-specialization-in-podlasie-42bmhb9ta7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-opinions-in-the-discussion-can-organic-farming-d42ww1wi.png Table 2. Key opinions in the discussion “can organic farming be innovative?” https://scispace.com/papers/organic-farming-scenarios-operational-analysis-and-costs-of-2oonvhf96z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-farm-size-number-of-animal-units-lu-labour-demand-1edk1tst.png Table 4 Farm size, number of animal units (LU), labour demand and annual work input (Nielsen et al., 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-contractor-share-of-field-work-and-the-total-cost-in-32m1e959.png Table 5 Contractor share of field work and the total cost in the crop production system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-labour-profiles-for-the-different-scenarios-for-arable-1db1e3hq.png Fig. 2. Labour profiles for the different scenarios for arable production: (a) basic arable (P0); (b) alternative arable precision sown crops (P1); (c) alternative arable with robotic weeding (P1–RW); and (d) alternative arable with band steaming (P1–BS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-farm-scenario-description-adapted-from-nielsen-et-al-17mdzxsa.png Table 1 Farm scenario description (adapted from Nielsen et al., 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-cost-of-implementing-band-steaming-for-arable-farm-34t0tiv1.png Table 6 Cost of implementing band steaming for arable farm scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-cost-of-implementing-robotic-weeding-for-arable-farm-1ck7yfbm.png Table 7 Cost of implementing robotic weeding for arable farm scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-management-effort-measured-as-a-fractional-amount-of-3ngolkop.png Fig. 3. Management effort measured as a fractional amount of labour to the total farm labour input for three different types of production; the error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-procedural-outline-for-analysing-and-modelling-2psrvt66.png Fig. 1. Procedural outline for analysing and modelling scenario operations https://scispace.com/papers/organising-the-political-coordination-of-knowledge-and-gl9w6tu2es 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-four-sectors-of-the-knowledge-space-x9i7wijn.png Figure 1. The four sectors of the knowledge space https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-institutional-matrix-of-political-governance-979sy0jq.png Figure 3. The institutional matrix of political governance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-guttman-scale-of-political-coordination-32uv4kpf.png Figure 2. A Guttman scale of political coordination https://scispace.com/papers/organic-residues-as-immobilizing-agents-in-aided-20j0piehjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pearsons-correlation-coefficients-between-soil-3f433n4f.png Table 4 Pearson’s correlation coefficients between soil physico-chemical properties and plant related parameters (n = 36). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characterization-of-the-soil-and-of-the-organic-wtuudcga.png Table 1 Characterization of the soil and of the organic amendments used in the study (mean ± SD, n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relative-growth-of-perennial-ryegrass-grown-in-the-1u2kx9qk.png Table 3 Relative growth of perennial ryegrass grown in the different soil treatments (mean ± SD, n = 3, n = 9 for the control). Values marked with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P > 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-metal-concentrations-in-the-soil-mg-kg-1-dw-after-vjd19p31.png Fig. 2. Metal concentrations in the soil (mg kg 1 DW) after fractionation by the BCR procedure (mean ± SD, n = 3, n = 9 for the control): 1st Step (exchangeable fraction), 2nd step (reducible fraction), 3rd step (oxidizable fraction) (residual fraction not shown): (a) Cu, (b) Pb, and (c) Zn. MSWC: municipal solid waste compost; GWC: garden waste compost; SS: sewage sludge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scores-of-each-sample-on-the-two-main-principal-2rqwinxj.png Fig. 3. Scores of each sample on the two main principal components. The most important parameters for the definition of the two components are shown on the edge of each axis, indicating the direction in which the value of the parameter increases (EC, electrical conductivity; OM, soil organic matter; Nsoil, soil total nitrogen; Pavail, available P; Kavail, available K; Cumobile, Pbmobile and Znmobile, mobile metal content; Cumobilisable, mobilisable Cu; Cuplants, Pbplants and Znplants, metal concentrations in the aboveground plant material). Samples were clustered according to the results obtained from the hierarchical cluster analysis (linkage distance < 0.75) PC1: first principal component; PC2, second principal component; S, sewage sludge; M, municipal solid waste compost; and G, garden waste compost; followed by 25, 50 and 100, indicating the application rate in Mg ha 1. A, B and C refers to each replica (each treatment was replicated three times, generating three points on the PCA plot). C: control soil (nine replicates). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-soil-chemical-characteristics-obtained-with-the-2bsk0zej.png Fig. 1. Soil chemical characteristics obtained with the different amendments tested: (a) pH; (b) electrical conductivity (EC) (dS m 1); (c) total organic matter content (OM) (%); (d) Kjeldahl nitrogen (%); (e) available P (mg P2O5 kg 1 DW); and (f) available K (mg K2O kg 1 DW) (mean ± SD, n = 3, n = 9 for the control). Columns marked with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P > 0.05). MSWC, municipal solid waste compost; GWC, garden waste compost; SS, sewage sludge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pseudo-total-mobile-and-mobilisable-metal-fractions-20gttxlq.png Table 2 Pseudo-total, mobile and mobilisable metal fractions in soil with the different soil treatments (mean ± SD, n = 3, n = 9 for the control). Values in each column marked with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P > 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/organohalogens-naturally-biosynthesized-in-marine-oa2xhytc1v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inhibition-of-tg-sensitive-serca1a-ca2-atpase-2g45qnwi.png Figure 5. Inhibition of TG-sensitive SERCA1a Ca2+ ATPase activity by selected HOCs of marine origin. (A) Representative traces showing the oxidation of NADH in the coupled enzyme assay was monitored by measuring absorbance at 340−400 nm. Veh (0.1% DMSO), TG (thapsigargin, 20 μM) or a HOC was added into separate reactions cuvettes before addition of NADH and Na2ATP to initiate the reactions. The oxidation rate of NADH in the presence of TG, Veh or test compounds were summarized in bar graph (B−G). Two different microsomal (JSR) preparations were used to calculate the summary data for each group, and each performed in triplicates or quintuplicates. Data shown as Mean ± SD and statistical differences assessed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was performed using Graph Pad 7.03. * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs Veh, ## p < 0.01 vs TG, and n.s. indicates no significant compared with Veh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-microsomal-ca2-release-triggered-by-selected-hocs-3jbn6979.png Figure 6. Microsomal Ca2+ release triggered by selected HOCs of marine origin. (A) Schematic illustration showing the Ca2+ transport system monitored with Ca2+ dye Arsenozo III. (B) Representative traces of Ca2+ fluxes. Microsomal (JSR) vesicles were loaded with 4 sequential additions of 45 nmole CaCl2, 60−90 s after the final bolus of Ca2+ was accumulated into vesicles, vehicle (0.2% DMSO, a) or test compounds (b or c) was introduced into one of the cuvettes. Ruthenium red (RR, 2 μM), a RyR blocker, was then added to each cuvettes to confirm the engagement of RyR1 followed by addition of SERCA inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 50 μM), and CaCl2 were added to calibrate absorbance unit into absolute Ca 2+ in nmol. The Ca2+ release rate of initial 60 s upon the addition of Veh or test compounds (5 or 10 μM) are summarized in Panels C−H. Data shown are from 3 to 6 independent experiments using 2 different microsomal membrane preparations. Data expressed as Mean ± SD and one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was performed using Graph Pad 7.03. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs Veh. And n.s. indicates no significant difference compared with Veh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3d-trajectory-plot-showing-the-relationships-among-2kdkc1hy.png Figure 7. 3D trajectory plot showing the relationships among parameters calculated from [3H]Ry-binding, SERCA1a activity and Ca2+ release rates from microsomal (JSR) membranes. Each individually colored sphere represents data extracted from one compound at 10 μM that are presented in the Figures 3−6. Veh indicates DMSO control. See text for further explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screening-results-of-34-organohalogens-using-3h-ry-4pbttu7r.png Figure 1. Screening results of 34 organohalogens using [3H]Ry binding analysis. Compounds in red color represent significant effects toward RyR1 were found at 2 μM at a threshold of p < 0.05 compared with vehicle control using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Compounds in green color were those inactive toward RyR1, and they are selected because of their structure properties. Data shown in the figure were conducted from 2 to 3 different preparations with triplicates for each preparation and were normalized to 1% DMSO control (% Veh) and expressed as mean ± SD Table SI1 summarizes the chemical structures tested. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-compounds-selected-for-further-evaluation-for-their-38x6a8hl.png Figure 2. Compounds selected for further evaluation for their activities toward RyR1, SERCA1a, and microsomal Ca2+ flux. (A) Structures of selected pyrroles, bipyrroles, maleimides and indoles. (B) Structures of PBDE derivatives of marine selected for further analysis in [3H]Ry binding, SERCA1 activity and Ca2+ assays. (C) Structure of ryanodine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-activity-of-pbde-derivatives-of-marine-origin-3u9aanwj.png Figure 4. Activity of PBDE derivatives of marine origin toward [3H]Ry binding to RyR1. Panel A shows concentration−response curves for [3H]Rybinding to RyR1-enriched microsomal membranes (JSR) expressed as % of vehicle (Veh) control (1% DMSO). Panel B shows relative binding levels obtained at 0.5, 5, and 10 μM of test compound. Each color corresponds to the specific compound identified in the key shown in panel A. The dashed line indicates baseline binding in the presence of Veh (i.e., 100%). Data shown are from 2 to 3 independent preparations conducted in triplicates or quintuplicates and expressed as mean ± SD. With Graph Pad 7.03, one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used to determine the significance among specific compounds. ** p < 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-halogenated-pyrroles-bipyrroles-maleimides-and-247gyorl.png Figure 3. Halogenated pyrroles, bipyrroles, maleimides and indoles exhibit stringent structure−activity relationship toward RyR1. Panel A shows concentration−response curves expressed as specifically bound [3H]Ry to RyR1-enriched microsomal membranes (JSR) isolated as described in Materials and Methods. Data were fitted with three-parameter or Bell-shaped (compound 6) nonlinear regression with Graph Pad 7.03. Panel B shows stimulation relative to vehicle (1% DMSO) control (% of Veh; dashed line). Panel C shows results from an expanded concentration range to quantify biphasic parameters fitted as described in panel A for compounds 6, 28, and 31. The activation phase for 34 was fitted with a threeparameter equation but lacked sufficient data to fit the inhibition phase (dashed line). Parameters obtained from curve-fitting are summarized in inserted table. Data shown are from 2 to 3 independent preparations conducted in triplicates or quintuplicates and expressed as Mean ± SD. With Graph Pad 7.03, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used to determine the significance among specific compounds. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. https://scispace.com/papers/organometallic-nucleophiles-and-pd-what-makes-znme2-3iqax3ebgq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-calculated-transmetalation-sequence-interconverting-34jehxru.png Figure 8. Calculated transmetalation sequence interconverting the systems trans-[PdPhClL2] + AuPhL and cis-[PdPh2L2] + AuClL (Gibbs energies in kcal/mol). For details see ref. 34. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-comparison-of-the-me-bridged-3c2e-bonds-in-pd-3e5ajd1j.png Figure 7. A comparison of the Me-bridged 3c2e bonds in Pd/ZnMe2 transmetalation species and in Al2Me6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-structural-similarity-of-me3p-pfpd-m-me-2znme-and-21fh63rn.png Figure 9. Structural similarity of ([(Me3P)PfPd(μ-Me)2ZnMe]) and [(Me3As)PfPd(μ-Pf)(μ-Cl)Au(AsMe3)](ref. 34). The Pd–Zn distance (2.40 Å) is noticeably shorter than the sum of vdW radii (2.62 Å). The Pd–Au distance (2.80 Å) is just a bit longer than the sum of vdW radii (2.75 Å). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-19f-nmr-spectrum-at-470-48-mhz-in-thf-25-oc-ref-1t9wo0ja.png Figure 1. 19F NMR spectrum (at 470.48 MHz, in THF, 25 ºC; ref. CFCl3) of coupling vs. isomerization competence of cis[PdRfMe(PPh3)2] (1a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dft-profile-of-the-znme2-catalyzed-1b-2b-2vt3nmq3.png Figure 2. DFT profile of the ZnMe2 catalyzed 1b/2b isomerization. Gibbs energies are shown in kcal/mol (L = PMe3, black lines; PPh3, blue lines). NOTE: The experimental value of the equilibrium fixes the energy of 2b in THF solution in -0.4, relative to zero for 1b. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-geometrical-parameters-of-the-computed-2dwwsph4.png Table 1. Selected geometrical parameters of the computed structures reflecting the changes in bond distances and angles along the isomerization via transmetalation. Molecule labels are as in Figure 2. Me0 is the Me group initially on Pd. Me1 and Me2 are the two Me groups originally on Zn. Me–Pd and Me–Zn stand for the corresponding Csp3– Pd or Csp3–Zn distances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-snapshots-of-the-computed-znme2-catalyzed-2g76gxgy.png Figure 3. Snapshots of the computed ZnMe2 catalyzed isomerization reaction. The structures are represented in capped stick mode using the Mercury software.20 Color code: reddish Pd, light blue Zn, yellow-orange P, deep blue F, grey C and white H. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-selected-kohn-sham-orbitals-a-molecular-orbitals-2fv53pd5.png Figure 4. Selected Kohn-Sham orbitals: A: Molecular orbitals HOMO1 and HOMO2 for ZnMe2. B: Alternative (HOMO2 + HOMO1) and (HOMO2 – HOMO1) combinations for ZnMe2. https://scispace.com/papers/organotrifluoroborate-hydrolysis-boronic-acid-release-42531ol9fz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hydrolytic-half-life-of-1a-8-mm-to-2a-in-thf-bg7vnj1g.png Figure 1. Hydrolytic half-life of 1a (8 mM) to 2a in THF containing 5 M water and Cs2CO3 (24 mM net) in reaction vessels A–G; magnetic stirring rate 500 rpm unless noted. Data determined by 19 F NMR monitoring in situ or after sampling; kobs and thus t1/2 determined by linear regression of ln([1a]0/[1a]t) versus t. In most reactions there was a significant negative deviation from first order decay beyond ca. 2–3 half-lives, due to HF sequestration causing rate suppression, vide infra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hydrolysis-of-arbf3k-1a-in-10-1-v-v-of-thf-water-5-3h25yx0k.png Figure 2. Hydrolysis of ArBF3K 1a in 10/1 (v/v) of THF/water (5 M H2O) in a PTFE vessel. Lines through data are approach to equilibrium (solid line; see inset for data and kinetic fit [23, 24] ) and subsequent pseudofirst-order decay to [1a] = 0 (dashed line) after addition of “grade 3” borosilicate glass powder. [22] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-examples-of-long-a-and-short-b-induction-periods-in-oq79rpu9.png Figure 5. Examples of long (A) and short (B) induction periods in the hydrolysis of 1a (8 mM) under basic heterogeneous conditions (3 equiv of Cs2CO3) in 10/1 (v/v) of THF/water (5 M H2O) at 55 °C and the accompanying change in pH. t = 0 is defined as the point when all solids had dissolved after addition of preheated solvent to an anhydrous mixture of 1a/Cs2CO3. The dashed lines are first-order decays in 1a (kobs = 3.34 × 10 –5 s –1 and 9.34 × 10 –4 s –1 ) during and after induction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-variation-in-b-f-bond-length-dr-b-f-by-dft-in-rbf2-ftrsawzp.png Figure 8. Variation in B–F bond length (Δr(B–F), by DFT) in RBF2 (3a–i) with hydrolytic equilibrium (x2) 35 for RBF3K (1a–i) → RB(OH)2 (2a–i) at [RB]TOT = 8 mM; x2 for 1e was not determined. [37] Δr(B–F) = 0.0018 ln K + 0.0474. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-rates-of-base-mediated-hydrolysis-of-1-versus-2hrd7hbt.png Figure 10. Rates of base-mediated hydrolysis of 1 versus combined resonance (ℜSL) [45] and steric (υ) [46] parameters. Vinyl 1c is a mechanistic outlier; see text for discussion. The validity of the ℜSL value for cyclobutyl 1f [43] is uncertain. Reagents have been classed by t0.5 in base (I, ≤1 h; II 1–24 h; III ≥1 day). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hydrolytic-half-lives-for-trifluoroborates-1a-i-8-289njtg4.png Figure 7. Hydrolytic half-lives for trifluoroborates 1a–i, 8 mM in 10/1 (v/v) of THF/water (5 M H2O) at 55 °C in the presence of grade 3 glass powder (A), 3 equiv of DBU (B), and 3 equiv of Cs2CO3 (C). Bar heights for the very slowly hydrolyzed alkynyl substrate 1e have been scaled down by approximately 10, 28, and 100 in A, B, and C, respectively; in these cases, the approximate half-lives are indicated in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equilibrium-concentrations-of-trifluoroborate-1a-292zn5s8.png Figure 3. Equilibrium concentrations of trifluoroborate 1a and boronic acid 2ain THF/H2O, as a function of [Ar-B]TOT (graph A, [H2O] = 5M, at 55 °C) and [H2O] (graph B, [1a]0 = 8 mM, at 25 °C and at 55 °C) in a PTFE vessel. Solid lines through data points are simulations of 1a + 2H2O ↔ 2a + KHF2 + HF, where K = 5.5 × 10 –8 (55 °C) and 1.8 × 10 –8 (25 °C) coupled to a solvation equilibrium: 1a + 4H2O ↔ [1a·4H2O]; K = 6.3 × 10 –6 M –4 (25 °C, i) and 9.9 × 10 –6 M –4 (55 °C, ii). Dashed lines are simulations at 25 °C (iii) and 55 °C (iv) without the additional solvation model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-graph-a-hydrolysis-of-1a-base-buffer-employed-i-1j12n7wo.png Figure 6. Graph A: Hydrolysis of 1a (base/buffer employed: (i) MOPS 50 and 100 mM [partial phasesplitting]; (ii) no buffer; (iii) TRIS; (iv) Et3N; (v) i-Pr2NEt; (vi) DBU; (vii) t-Bu-P4); the pH values (glass electrode; t = 0) are normalized to ii = pH 7. Graph B: the effect of a 20 s. sonication pulse on the hydrolysis of 1a in a heterogeneous medium of 10/1 (v/v) THF/water (5 M H2O) with 3 equiv of Cs2CO3. Dashed lines are first-order decays in 1a. https://scispace.com/papers/origin-of-bistability-in-the-butyl-substituted-3fxhv2hkxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schemes-of-the-ethyl-substituted-a-and-the-butyl-2o6nc2j0.png Figure 1. Schemes of the ethyl-substituted (a) and the butyl-substituted (b) N- and Ofunctionalized spiro-bis(1,9-disubstitutedphenalenyl) boron radicals. The radical displayed on the left (right) is referred to as compound 1 (2) in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-x-ray-crystal-structures-at-340-k-of-the-lt-a-and-35zhscca.png Figure 2. X-ray crystal structures at 340 K of the LT (a) and HT (b) phases of the butyl-SBP πdimers. Hydrogen atoms are hidden for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scheme-of-the-relative-energy-of-the-different-332noucd.png Figure 3. Scheme of the relative energy of the different minimum energy configurations of compound 2 in gas phase (left) and solid-state (right). All adiabatic energy gaps are given, per π-dimer, in kcal/mol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-short-h-h-contact-between-a-hydrogen-atom-of-the-1v8b58co.png Figure 8. A short H···H contact between a hydrogen atom of the terminal methyl group of a butyl chain in an anti conformation and a hydrogen atom of a phenalenyl group of an adjacent SBP radical. The distance associated with this contact is shown for the LT-340 crystal structure (left) and for the optimized LS(gau) structure (right), i.e., the LT structure at 0 K. The values of the distances displayed in the Figure correspond to optimized structures. In the LT-340 case, one of the butyl chains was rotated to an anti conformation and all the atomic coordinates were allowed to relax while keeping the X-ray cell parameters of the LT-340 crystal structure. In the LS(gau) case, one of the butyl chains was rotated to an anti conformation and all the atomic coordinates were allowed to relax while keeping the cell parameters obtained from a previous variable-cell optimization in which no butyl chain was manually rotated to an anti conformation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-potential-energy-profiles-as-a-function-of-the-th-2fcspnqr.png Figure 7. Potential energy profiles as a function of the θ dihedral angle of one butyl chain of the unit cell of 2. The three profiles were evaluated by means of constrained optimizations using three different sets of cell vectors: the cell vectors associated with the LT-340 crystal structure (red curve), the cell vectors of the HT-340 crystal structure (blue curve) and the cell vectors of LS(gau) polymorph (green curve), which were obtained upon variable-cell optimization (i.e., they correspond to the structure at 0 K). In all profiles, the energy of the gauche-IN conformation (θ = -107º) was taken as the reference energy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-volume-cell-v-ch-p-distance-and-interplanar-3111a5ho.png Table 2. (a) Volume cell (V), CH···π distance, and interplanar distance between supPLYs (D) obtained for the butyl-SBP crystal at the optimized gauche-IN and anti structures in their 1Ag and 3Au states in solid-state conditions. All distances are given in Angstrom and the volume cell is given in bohr3. (b) Difference between the V, CH···π, and D values of various polymorphs of the butyl-SBP crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-time-resolved-evolution-of-the-th-dihedral-angle-of-3oiz5ghm.png Figure 6. Time-resolved evolution of the θ dihedral angle of the butyl-ligands attached to the sup-PLY (see Figure 5) for the four spiro-phenalenyl units included in the cell of the AIMD simulations. The values that correspond to the trajectory of the LT-340 (LS) phase are shown in (a), whereas (b) and (c) show the values for the HT-340 (HS) trajectories, starting from anti and gauche-IN polymorphs, respectively. Note that in our simulations 10000 steps amount to ca. 10 picoseconds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-structural-parameters-for-the-sbp-p-dimers-cih2cnq7.png Table 1. Selected structural parameters for the SBP π-dimers present in (a) the X-ray crystal structures of butyl-SBP at two different temperatures and the corresponding structural parameters obtained upon geometry optimization of these SBP π-dimers in their 1Ag and 3Au states in (b) solid-state and in (c) gas-phase conditions. All distances are given in Angstrom. https://scispace.com/papers/origins-and-processes-of-groundwater-salinization-in-the-3kxqo63871 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-cross-section-of-the-geological-study-ws31mn6h.png Figure 1: Schematic cross section of the geological study area (the vertical scheme has been modified from Maia et al., 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geology-sampling-locations-and-conductivity-classes-jnvuwzat.png Figure 2: Geology, sampling locations and conductivity classes (EC) in the five main aquifers of the RMR (September 2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-piper-diagram-with-groundwater-data-groups-of-dots-24xs9yzw.png Figure 3: Piper diagram with groundwater data. Groups of dots are indicated according to their geochemical proprieties. Bx refers to Beberibe aquifer, Cx refers to the Cabo aquifer and T-Qx to the Tertiary-Quaternary deposits of the Boa Viagem and Barreiras aquifers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-d2h-and-d18o-isotopes-of-the-water-molecule-with-2wxkf5mt.png Figure 5: a) δ2H and δ18O isotopes of the water molecule with the LMWL, and b) δ18O vs. Cl concentrations measured during the sampling campaigns of 2012 and 2013 in rainwater, https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-chemical-parameters-of-the-rmr-1e1mxhcm.png Table 1: Physical and chemical parameters of the RMR groundwater and surface water 3 during the 2012-2014 period. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-conceptual-model-of-the-aquifers-of-the-recife-2n5y29nc.png Figure 8: Conceptual model of the aquifers of the Recife Metropolitan region showing the various sources and processes of salinization. The main pathways and sources for salinization include : (1) seawater transgressions since the Pleistocene, (2) presence of quaternary and present-day mangroves where seawater and fresh water evaporate and mix before infiltration and interactions with clays and organic matter, (3) paeloestuaries as preferential pathways for present-day seawater intrusion in the surficial aquifer, (4) presentday estuary favoring mixing of seawater and freshwater and riverbanks infiltration, (5) (5) infiltration of fresh water, and (6) present-day seawater intrusion in the surficial Boa Viagem aquifer. The groups of groundwater samples constituted based on their major chemical and isotopic characteristics are also indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-1-sr-l-mol-1-vs-strontium-isotopes-in-a-the-1cpoeh36.png Figure 6: a) 1/Sr (L.mol-1) vs. strontium isotopes in a) the Beberibe, b) Cabo, c) Barreiras and Boa Viagem aquifers, and d) Cl concentrations vs. strontium isotopes in the sampled groundwater of the study area. Data from rock samples, i.e. from the basement of the Paraíba basin (Brito Neves, 1975) and from the Gramame formation (Nascimento-Silva et al., 2011) are also indicated. Errors are within the point. Dashed lines represent mixing of seawater with surface waters considered as recharge (ETAs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diagrams-showing-element-concentrations-normalised-2aicsbwq.png Figure 4: Diagrams showing element concentrations normalised to Cl (meq.L-1) in the groundwater and surface water of the study area from the first and second sampling campaigns with major chemical group. https://scispace.com/papers/origins-and-early-development-of-human-body-knowledge-i-55gv72ffha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ftypical-and-scrambled-body-line-drawings-used-in-8b5hth4a.png FIGURE 1.FTypical and scrambled body line drawings used in Studies 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/orionplanning-improving-modularization-and-checking-1s8bfga0b0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-orionplannings-dependency-rules-visualization-t2mcdhw6.png Fig. 6. ORIONPLANNING’s dependency rules visualization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-orionplanning-overview-the-panel-d-shows-three-50mlcrvp.png Fig. 1. ORIONPLANNING overview. The panel (D) shows three packages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-orionplannings-interactive-visualization-right-click-22x1ecyp.png Fig. 3. ORIONPLANNING’s interactive visualization (right click on a class) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-orionplannings-model-selection-menu-24sia2f9.png Fig. 2. ORIONPLANNING’s model selection menu https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-orionplannings-model-definition-browser-15sa8hs8.png Fig. 4. ORIONPLANNING’s model definition browser https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-orionplannings-dependency-constraint-browser-1c88kvne.png Fig. 5. ORIONPLANNING’s dependency constraint browser https://scispace.com/papers/orthogonally-polarized-bright-dark-pulse-pair-generation-in-pxfl1bcxkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-mode-locked-fiber-laser-with-an-la-tfg-2j8jmmsx.png Figure 1 Schematic of mode-locked fiber laser with an LA-TFG. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-polarization-resolved-oscilloscope-traces-of-the-1xdonsyo.png Figure 6 Polarization-resolved oscilloscope traces of the bright-dark pulse pair at two orthogonal axes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-oscilloscope-traces-of-2-nd-harmonic-mode-locking-15xmwiuj.png Figure 7 (a) Oscilloscope traces of 2 nd harmonic mode-locking of bright-dark pulse pair, (b) its polarization-resolved oscilloscope traces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measured-transmission-of-the-la-tfg-a-from-1200-nm-gffjo0y0.png Figure 2 Measured transmission of the LA-TFG (a) from 1200 nm to 1700 nm range and (b) from 1548 nm to 1572 nm range under different polarization excitation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-spectrum-of-dual-wavelength-bright-pulse-black-2ssmn6ip.png Figure 3 (a) Spectrum of dual-wavelength bright pulse (black solid line) and its polarization-resolved spectra (red dashed and blue dotted lines) on linear scale (inset is on logarithmic scale), (b) corresponding oscilloscope traces (red and blue lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectrum-of-bright-dark-pulse-pair-black-solid-line-3v1q2jvl.png Figure 4 Spectrum of bright-dark pulse pair (black solid line) and its polarization-resolved spectra (red dashed and blue dotted lines) on linear scale (inset is on logarithmic scale). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-oscilloscope-trace-of-the-bright-dark-pulse-pair-2bsdvfgb.png Figure 5 (a) Oscilloscope trace of the bright-dark pulse pair, (b) filtered oscilloscope traces of bright pulse at 1554.8 nm (black curve) and dark pulse at 1560.9 nm (red curve). https://scispace.com/papers/out-colourings-of-digraphs-4f97xd0tvq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-semicomplete-digraphs-cd3-rt5-rt-a-5-rt-b-5-rt-2kccrrij.png Figure 1: The semicomplete digraphs CD3, RT5, RT a 5 , RT b 5 , RT bb 5 and RT c 5 and the families G1 and G2 (in G1, bolded arcs could be replaced by 2-cycles and non oriented bolded edges could be oriented in any direction, provided that z has out-degree at least 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-families-t1-t2-and-t3-of-semicomplete-digraphs-1dgftcp2.png Figure 2: The families T1, T2 and T3 of semicomplete digraphs which admit a 2-out-colouring but no balanced 2-out-colouring (bolded arcs could be replaced by 2-cycles and non oriented bolded edge could be oriented in any direction). https://scispace.com/papers/osteology-and-phylogeny-of-oviparous-cyprinodont-fishes-2llw988akn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-osteological-differences-between-emfetrichthys-and-73d4e2ah.png TABLE 9 OSTEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EMFETRICHTHYS AND ORESTIAS https://scispace.com/papers/outcomes-after-minimally-invasive-versus-open-59gwamy9ql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-flow-chart-endpoint-was-30-day-major-2e2gxjuf.png FIGURE 1. Study Flow-Chart. Endpoint was 30-day major morbidity. Annual indicates annual; DPCA, Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Audit; DGAV StuDoQ, German Society for General and Visceral Surgery Studien-, Dokumentations- und Qualitätszentrum; E-MIPS, European consortium on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-self-reported-surgical-selection-factors-for-mipd-f71ioh4i.png FIGURE 2. Self-reported Surgical Selection Factors for MIPD. Institutional or patient-related factors used by the 14 participating E-MIPS centers to select patients for MIPD. MIPD indicates minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-main-outcomes-and-sensitivity-analyses-overview-of-1y3tecg4.png FIGURE 3. Main Outcomes and Sensitivity Analyses. Overview of the association between approach and primary (major morbidity) and secondary (mortality, postoperative pancreatic fistulae) outcomes in primary and sensitivity analysis. Underlying data is presented in Supplement 3, http://links.lww.com/SLA/B435. Adjusted for: propensity score, age, sex, BMI, ASA, Charlson comorbidity index, ECOG, tumor location, preoperative organ involvement, multivisceral resection, porto-mesenteric vein resection and histological diagnosis. ASA indicates American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; c, center; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; Excl., excluding; MV, multivariable; p, per; y, year. https://scispace.com/papers/outlier-robust-pca-the-high-dimensional-case-4vuun9n6rn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-performance-of-hr-pca-vs-mvt-forp-n-19sny66o.png Fig. 4. Performance of HR-PCA vs MVT forp ≪ n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-vs-dimensionality-3qxpxsip.png Fig. 3. Performance vs dimensionality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-performance-of-hr-pca-vs-robpca-pp-pca-d-1-3ajagy7w.png Fig. 2. Performance of HR-PCA vs ROBPCA, PP, PCA (d = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-of-hr-pca-vs-hr-pca-0-5-rpca-cdf8vuys.png Fig. 6. Performance of HR-PCA vs HR-PCA(0.5), RPCA, OutlierPursuit (d = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-performance-of-hr-pca-vs-hr-pca-0-5-rpca-1yh2xv7c.png Fig. 7. Performance of HR-PCA vs HR-PCA(0.5), RPCA, OutlierPursuit (d = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-of-hr-pca-vs-robpca-pp-pca-d-3-jz441ogs.png Fig. 5. Performance of HR-PCA vs ROBPCA, PP, PCA (d = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-this-figure-shows-the-lower-bounds-on-the-asymptotic-q65mub0r.png Fig. 1. This figure shows the lower bounds on the asymptotic performance of HR-PCA, under Gaussian and Uniform distribution for x. https://scispace.com/papers/outsourcing-and-competition-policy-4whyveurnz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-welfare-costs-of-myopic-ca-qecysdz3.png Figure 1. Welfare costs of myopic CA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pro-ts-under-vertical-integration-and-outsourcing-1wifi5y5.png Figure 2. Pro ts under vertical integration and outsourcing https://scispace.com/papers/ovarian-cancer-screening-in-the-general-population-3fhdgpjx0w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-1-design-of-barts-b-pilot-rct-1jljvotz.png Figure 11-1: Design of Bart’s B pilot RCT https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-3-prospective-ocs-studies-in-the-general-population-3ancypst.png Table 8-3: Prospective OCS studies in the general population using ultrasound as the primary test Authors Subjects Screening strategy No. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-11-proportion-of-women-randomised-each-year-using-2dftqivl.png Figure 14-11: Proportion of women randomised each year using HRT in the birth cohorts and proportion randomised each month in each age group using HRT https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-7-specificity-and-positive-predictive-value-of-the-3hpk3l8w.png Table 11-7: Specificity and positive predictive value of the screening strategy https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-4-results-of-level-ii-screen-mg1v9xgg.png Table 11-4: Results of Level II screen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-2-ultrasound-algorithm-1jsqfce8.png Figure 12-2: Ultrasound algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-4-ukctocs-organisation-1rk4wgx1.png Figure 12-4: UKCTOCS Organisation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-3-results-following-level-i-screen-3fmog9ys.png Figure 11-3: Results following Level I screen https://scispace.com/papers/outsourcing-new-product-development-fostered-by-disruptive-4qnjtl6kbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-sourcing-strategy-for-npd-activities-relating-1pm1j912.png Figure 2. The sourcing strategy for NPD activities relating to the B787. The finding of the case study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-hierarchical-supply-chain-organization-of-2q9agdh6.png Figure 1. The hierarchical supply chain organization of commercial aircraft industry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boeing-787-8-workflow-sharing-source-kotha-and-34gntcv7.png Figure 2. The sourcing strategy for NPD activities relating to the B787. The finding of the case study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-outsourcing-decision-making-model-for-npd-zf94wg4l.png Figure 1. The hierarchical supply chain organization of commercial aircraft industry. https://scispace.com/papers/overcoming-barriers-to-the-remediation-of-carbon-1i3ppurvvr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-updated-time-line-for-the-major-objectives-and-2wfw2m0k.png Table 2. Updated time line for the major objectives and general tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-major-objectives-and-tasks-yi63uby3.png Table 1. Summary of major objectives and tasks. https://scispace.com/papers/overexpression-of-a-novel-microrna-iamir-4-3p-from-water-2oh8jhbv42 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7d95cfqf.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/overview-of-the-personalized-and-collaborative-information-3e3nygkhxh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-the-meta-information-qb82031v.png Fig. 2: Structure of the meta-information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-data-structure-for-efficient-log-processing-22uvmhsm.png Fig. 3: Data structure for efficient log processing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-data-flow-diagram-of-the-topic-development-phase-2o0v16p4.png Fig. 1: Data flow diagram of the topic development phase. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-retrieval-results-abu5rmly.png Table 1: Retrieval Results. https://scispace.com/papers/overview-of-the-potential-of-microalgae-for-co2-3ffxazoknb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microalgal-photosynthesis-modified-from-zeng-et-al-wls0o1m6.png Fig. 2 Microalgal photosynthesis: modified from Zeng et al. (2011) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-an-airlift-photobioreactor-34bcykjm.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of an airlift photobioreactor (Borkenstein et al. 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-approximate-annual-global-co2-flue-gas-emissions-per-2u9paw08.png Table 3 Approximate annual global CO2 flue gas emissions per industrial sector (Kuramochi et al. 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-advantages-of-using-microalgae-as-opposed-to-3ltj361h.png Table 1 Advantages of using microalgae as opposed to terrestrial plants for CO2 biofixation https://scispace.com/papers/overwintering-individuals-of-the-arctic-krill-thysanoessa-22ec2b261z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-mean-sd-n-for-the-biological-parameters-3t3oxofd.png Table 2 Values (mean ± SD, (N)) for the biological parameters measured in the Arctic krill Thysanoessa inermis at the four different pH treatments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kongsfjord-water-column-profiles-for-all-five-sampling-jykqup9i.png Fig. 3 Kongsfjord water column profiles for all five sampling stations: a Total Alkalinity (lmol kg-1), b Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (lmol kg-1), c calculated pHtotal, d calculated pCO2 (latm). CO2SYS calculations were preformed using constants from Mehrbach et al. (1973) refit by Dickson and Millero (1987). Water column figures were created using Ocean Data View 4.6.2. (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-red-box-highlights-the-location-of-kongsfjord-on-3q24yj4o.png Fig. 1 The red box highlights the location of Kongsfjord on the west coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway 79 N, 12 E. Map was created using Ocean Data View 4.6.2. (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-mean-sd-for-laboratory-seawater-chemistry-per-zq7civzi.png Table 1 Values (Mean ± SD) for laboratory seawater chemistry per target pH treatment: pH (NBS scale), temperature ( C), salinity and total alkalinity (TA) were measured https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-kongsfjord-water-column-profiles-for-all-five-sampling-2uz26msd.png Fig. 2 Kongsfjord water column profiles for all five sampling stations: a Temperature ( C), b Salinity. Water column figures were created using Ocean Data View 4.6.2. (Color figure online) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-statistical-results-for-the-general-1wlb05gq.png Table 3 Summary of the statistical results for the general linear models of the residual of the biological parameters versus individuals body mass, i.e. the remaining unexplained variability in the biological parameter after accounting for body mass https://scispace.com/papers/ownership-and-enterprise-performance-in-the-russian-oil-1jfsgdhxo8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dimensions-of-technology-upgrading-u48y44z5.png Figure 2: Dimensions of technology upgrading https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-taxonomies-of-firm-level-upgrading-in-international-h1ojvtas.png Table 1: Taxonomies of firm level upgrading in international (GVC) context https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-different-patterns-of-technology-upgrading-at-1mz8t1hk.png Figure 1: Different patterns of technology upgrading at different income levels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-from-production-capability-to-technology-capability-1i8844a8.png Figure 4: From production capability to technology capability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dimensions-and-components-of-technology-upgrading-byqvrv46.png Figure 3: Dimensions and components of technology upgrading https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-different-perspectives-on-technology-upgrading-3lzngri1.png Table 2: Different perspectives on technology upgrading https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-components-of-structural-factors-of-technology-1jio4y93.png Table 3: Components of structural factors of technology upgrading https://scispace.com/papers/ownership-structure-in-foreign-direct-investment-projects-14omyeutdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-theoretical-impact-of-the-models-parameters-on-p37ne2mu.png TABLE 2.—THEORETICAL IMPACT OF THE MODEL’S PARAMETERS ON EQUILIBRIUM EQUITY STRUCTURE https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-thefull-sample-2416-vjyhak2q.png TABLE 3.—SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR THEFULL SAMPLE (2,416 SUBSIDIARIES) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-truncated-model-determinants-of-foreign-equity-share-3ci6emxp.png TABLE 5.—TRUNCATED MODEL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN EQUITY SHARE IN JOINT VENTURES https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-probit-model-determinants-of-the-choice-between-1fuxknxs.png TABLE 4.—THE PROBIT MODEL: DETERMINANTS OF THE CHOICE BETWEEN WHOLE AND JOINT OWNERSHIP BY U.S. NON-BANK TNES https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-the-models-parameters-on-equity-structure-1tqm5i95.png TABLE 1.—IMPACT OF THE MODEL’S PARAMETERS ON EQUITY STRUCTURE PREFERENCES https://scispace.com/papers/oxidative-modulation-of-k-channels-in-the-central-nervous-iph8x0br29 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-augmentation-of-neuronal-k-channels-in-response-to-20gpvt8r.png Table 2. Augmentation of neuronal K+ channels in response to apoptotic stimuli _______________________________________________________________________________ Experimental preparation apoptotic challenge augmented K+ channel Ref _______________________________________________________________________________ Embryonic mouse staurosprine, delayed rectifier (181) cortical neuron serum withdrawl (TEA, 4-AP sensitive) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-neuroprotective-effects-of-h2s-hydrogen-sulphide-2tcwq1k4.png Figure 8. Neuroprotective effects of H2S. Hydrogen sulphide protects against oxidative stress not only via increasing intracellular glutathione (GSH), but also via activation of KATP channels. KATP channel activation likely arises via direct sulfhydration, leading to cell hyperpolarization and hence decreased excitability. https://scispace.com/papers/oxidative-tritium-decontamination-system-2g9ohd5xdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sample-breakthrough-curve-for-activated-carbon-1fie14o6.png Fig. 6 Sample breakthrough curve for activated carbon decomposition of ozone; concentration ratio at breakthrough ≈ 0.1 – 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-mllw-decontamination-via-otds-rotary-system-23b1o6t9.png Fig. 7 MLLW decontamination via OTDS Rotary System Configuration. Chart displays activity reductions relative to initial surface activity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-percent-activity-reduction-at-different-locations-on-2bqffj85.png Fig. 8 Percent activity reduction at different locations on RF tile. Data series 1 (light gray) represents an ozone exposure under normal experimental conditions (CONTROL group, no ultraviolet radiation present in system). Data series 2 (dark gray) represents an ozone exposure subject to 12W, 235nm ultraviolet radiation (EXPERIMENTAL group). The figure demonstrates that (position 6 is exception) this wavelength of UV stimulus positively affects surface tritium activity reduction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photographs-taken-of-rf-feedthrough-components-that-8kd4lmrm.png Fig. 1 Photographs taken of RF Feedthrough Components that were removed from decommissioned TFTR. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-h2o2-decontamination-of-tftr-rf-feedthrough-nt1fbhkd.png TABLE I H2O2 DECONTAMINATION OF TFTR RF FEEDTHROUGH COMPONENTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-conceptual-diagram-of-piston-cylinder-configuration-wdhibehi.png Fig. 4 Conceptual diagram of Piston-Cylinder Configuration. Note that at ½ of initial volume, the ozone concentration is doubled (constant number of molecules contained in a compressible volume). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-stationary-configuration-for-oxidative-tritium-hisjxvbp.png Fig. 3 Stationary Configuration for Oxidative Tritium Decontamination System. Implemented for decontamination of heavier and/or metallic materials (i.e. diagnostics, system components, etc.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rotary-configuration-for-oxidative-tritium-lgo2fus3.png Fig. 2 Rotary Configuration for Oxidative Tritium Decontamination System. Implemented for decontamination of light materials (PPE, MLLW). https://scispace.com/papers/oxygen-isotope-disequilibrium-in-the-juvenile-portion-of-1hp6y9e044 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-the-calculated-temperatures-1see95qh.png Figure 4: Correlation between the calculated temperatures from δ18O of oysters shells using 637 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variation-through-time-of-the-d18o-of-the-four-87gg6ood.png Figure 3: Variation through time of the δ18O of the four shells analyzed. The δ18O values at 631 isotopic equilibrium predicted from Kim and O’Neil (1997) and calculated from the δ18O of 632 seawater are shown by the red diamonds (δ18O predicted 1). The δ18O values calculated from 633 salinity values are shown by the grey line (δ18O predicted 2). Note that the vertical (y) axis is 634 inverted. 635 https://scispace.com/papers/oxidized-carbon-nanofibers-supporting-ptru-nanoparticles-for-10aubvi1e7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-27mj8spr.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-of-the-ptru-catalysts-supported-on-the-3un2v6rw.png Table 2. Properties of the PtRu catalysts supported on the pristine and on the oxidized 1 CNFs. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-adkjlaeb.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1tx920f3.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3jpef79g.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-28ascw0s.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1zp2n0tr.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-pristine-and-the-oxidized-carbon-xiah8m1m.png Table 1. Properties of the pristine and the oxidized carbon nanofibers. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/ozone-induced-gross-primary-productivity-reductions-over-3mem1ikqse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-forest-type-map-for-2010-generated-from-aggregated-2yba7c31.png Figure 2. Forest type map for 2010 generated from aggregated ESA-CCI land cover (ESA-CCI, 2017) and EEA biogeographical region data (EEA, 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-most-important-variable-affecting-o3-induced-1k06d7cr.png Figure 7. The most important variable affecting O3-induced GPP reductions estimated in Figure 5, determined using Random Forest analysis (RFA); T: Temperature, SWC: Soil water content, PAR: Photosynthetically active radiation, VPD: Vapour pressure deficit, [O3]: O3 concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-minimum-maximum-and-mean-monthly-o3-induced-gpp-8f2sgdv5.png Figure 5. The minimum, maximum, and mean monthly O3-induced GPP reduction (IO3 ) between April-September, 2003-2015, calculated from satellite data for European forests using Equation 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-annual-trends-in-the-empirically-estimated-o3-txp5wbai.png Figure 6. The annual trends in the empirically estimated O3-induced GPP reductions between 2003-2015. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) trends are indicated with green dots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-annual-mean-monthly-bias-april-september-between-o3-2swpf2yn.png Figure 8. Annual mean monthly bias (April-September) between O3-induced European forest GPP reductions estimated using satellite data and the YIBs model (Yue and Unger, 2018). YIBs simulations are based on low (a) and high (b) vegetation sensitivity to O3 as defined in Sitch et al. (2007). The satellite-based estimates were regridded to the 1◦× 1◦ YIBs spatial resolution for this comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-species-specific-parameters-from-mills-et-al-xlcyituz.png Table 1. The species-specific parameters from Mills et al. (2017) used in Equations 1-5 to compute the stomatal conductance to O3 (gsto). The Tmax value for Boreal trees is set to 200◦C in order to simulate the weak temperature response of trees growing in Northern European conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-hourly-stomatal-conductance-to-o3-gsto-1ym7t8m9.png Figure 3. Mean hourly stomatal conductance to O3 (gsto) calculated using ERA5 data and parameters listed in Table 1 for July 2010. Left: The mean f terms calculated using Equations 2-5, Right: gsto calculated using Equation 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-box-and-whisker-plot-of-the-monthly-mean-estimated-2q9oxaux.png Figure 4. Box and whisker plot of the monthly mean estimated O3-induced GPP reduction over each European climatic region defined in (Christensen and Christensen, 2007). The box indicates the value of the median and interquartile range (IQR) between the 25th (Q1) and 75th (Q2) percentiles, while the whiskers show the range from Q1-1.5*IQR to Q3+1.5*IQR. Outliers are indicated with dots. https://scispace.com/papers/oxygen-mass-transfer-in-a-biphasic-medium-influence-on-the-9xzfzt43ue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2a-this-set-of-experiments-was-used-as-a-control-and-as-1qwxd4d8.png Fig. 2A). This set of experiments was used as a control and as repeated adding to the medium different concentrations of il (volumetric fractions of 0, 0.27, 0.54 and 1.08%) and suractant (volumetric fractions of 0, 0.023, 0.047 and 0.093%). In ig. 2B–D, some examples of the determinations performed in he medium without cells are presented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-course-of-dissolved-oxygen-concentration-and-3ofrycgy.png Fig. 4. Time course of dissolved oxygen concentration and -decalactone ( ) production at different agitation and aeration rates: (A) 300 rpm and 0.3 vvm, and (B) 600 rpm and 0.9 vvm. https://scispace.com/papers/p63-uses-a-switch-like-mechanism-to-set-the-threshold-for-5dsamde76z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-md-simulations-indicate-that-e593-and-v589-of-the-p63-3cl22sdd.png Fig. 5 | MD simulations indicate that E593 and V589 of the p63 peptide are important for interaction with CK1. a, E593 is pinned down by salt bridges with CK1. Minimum heavy-atom distances of E593 to Arg127 and Lys154 are shown as a function of time. E593 forms a salt bridge with Lys154 (distance < 3 Å), and binds transiently to Lys154. b, Representative snapshot at 740 ns, zooming in on the C-terminal region of the p63 peptide. CK1 is https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-interaction-affinity-between-ck1-and-pad-peptides-114ybs9z.png Fig. 6 | The interaction affinity between CK1 and PAD peptides does not depend on the phospho-state, but KM values differ by more than an order of magnitude. a, The binding affinity of differently phosphorylated peptides varies by a factor of only ~1.3, with the triple phosphorylated peptide having the highest affinity. The curves show one experiment out of a series of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-third-ck1-phosphorylation-is-the-slowest-step-in-2uu6i0qi.png Fig. 2 | The third CK1 phosphorylation is the slowest step in the phosphorylation of a p63-derived peptide (PAD). a, Single-site phosphorylation kinetics, measured by NMR spectroscopy. An overlay is shown of MK2 pre-phosphorylated (red) and CK1 phosphorylated (blue) [15N,1H]-HSQC spectra of the PAD peptide, representing the starting and end points. The analyzed peptide sequence is shown above the spectra. b, Quantitative evaluation https://scispace.com/papers/p7-and-p8-proteins-of-high-plains-wheat-mosaic-virus-a-36tl67cd03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-plains-wheat-mosaic-virus-p7-interacts-with-dsrna-2kdz5kkg.png Fig. 2. High Plains wheat mosaic virus P7 interacts with dsRNA with no size specificity while P8 binds only to PTGS-like ds-siRNAs. (A) SDS-PAGE analysis of bacterially expressed and affinity purified MBP-tagged P7, P8 and MBP loaded along with a protein size standard (lane M), followed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250 staining. (B and C) Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis, followed by SYBR Green staining showing interaction of MBP-tagged P7, P8 or MBP (control) proteins with long dsRNA (180-nt) or ds-siRNA (21- and 24-nt). Note a shift in the mobility of 180-nt dsRNA incubated with P7 (B: lane 1) and ds-siRNAs incubated with P7 and P8 (C: lanes 1 and 2). Multiple bands in samples incubated with 180-nt ssRNA represent different structures resolved on a non-denaturing PAGE (B: lanes 5-8). (D–F) EMSA analyses for determining the binding affinities of P7 toward 180-nt dsRNA (D), and P7 and P8 toward 21 and 24-nt ds-siRNAs (E, F). Graphical representation of percentage binding of 100 ng of 180-nt dsRNA with P7 (D) or 50 ng each of 21 and 24-nt ds-siRNAs with P7 (E) and P8 (F) incubated with 1 nmol protein and their two-fold serial dilution. MBP was used as a negative control for both MBP-tag and a non-VSR protein, and RNA-only control was also included in all EMSA analyses. Bands used for quantification of unbound dsRNA using ImageJ software in D-F are indicated with arrowheads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-high-plains-wheat-mosaic-virus-p7-harbors-a-conserved-2h9ga9nx.png Fig. 4. High Plains wheat mosaic virus P7 harbors a conserved GW motif. (A) Homology of GW dipeptide motif (underlined) containing AGO-interacting domain of P7 with turnip crinkle virus (TCV) P38. (B) Conservation of GW dipeptide in P7 with potyviral type B P1 sequences of the family Potyviridae. TriMV: triticum mosaic virus, WSMV: wheat streak mosaic virus, ONMV: oat necrotic mottle virus, WEqMV: wheat eqlid mosaic virus, SqVYV: squash vein yellowing virus, SPMMV: sweet potato mild mottle virus, CVYV: cucumber vein yellowing virus, CBSV: cassava brown streak virus; CocMoV: coccinia mottle virus; BstMV: brome streak mosaic virus; and SCSMV: sugarcane streak mosaic virus. Similar amino acids with P7 were highlighted in green, and amino acids with similar biochemical properties were highlighted in yellow. (C) Kyte-Doolittle projection of hydropathy and Chou-Fasman prediction of secondary structure of GW containing domain of P7. The β-sheet which harbors the GW dipeptide was underlined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-high-plains-wheat-mosaic-virus-p7-binds-to-dsrna-and-38kvo9rx.png Fig. 3. High Plains wheat mosaic virus P7 binds to dsRNA and interferes with Dicer activity. Dicer protection assay was performed in a dicing reaction on a 675-nt dsRNA with recombinant human Dicer supplemented with MBP-tagged P7, P8, MBP or dicing buffer. Dicer reaction was incubated overnight, followed by non-denaturing PAGE analysis and SYBR Green staining. Note P7 supplemented dicing reaction resulted in drastic reduction in siRNA accumulation (lane 1), while P8 (lane 2) or MBP (lane 3) supplemented reactions were similar to no protein dicing reaction (lane 4). MBP was used as a negative control for MBP tags as well as an unrelated and non-VSR protein control. 100 ng of dsRNA-only control was included to represent negative control of dicing reaction (lane 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-gw-motif-of-high-plains-wheat-mosaic-virus-hpwmov-1a3c7uen.png Fig. 7. The GW-motif of High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV) P7 is required for rescue of silencing suppressor-deficient WSMV-GFP-ΔP1. (A) Schematic representation of WSMV-GFP. GFP sequence with a heptapeptide cleavage site was inserted between the P1 and HC-Pro cistrons of WSMV (Tatineni et al., 2011). The P1 cistron of WSMV replaced with P7 with a single amino acid mutation of W219A was shown in an expanded view under the genomic organization of WSMV-GFP. (B) Green fluorescent micrographs of inoculated (at 10 dpi) and upper noninoculated (at 21 dpi) leaves of wheat plants inoculated with WSMV-GFP, WSMV-GFP-ΔP1, WSMV-GFP-ΔP1-P7, WSMV-GFP-ΔP1-P7-W219A, or buffer. Scale bars indicate 200 μm. Note that HPWMoV P7 with mutation of W219A unable to complement silencing suppressor-deficient WSMV-GFP-ΔP1 for local foci or systemic infection. (C) RT-PCR assay of total RNA isolated from inoculated and upper noninoculated wheat leaves for virus infection and insert stability. Lane M, 1.0 kbp DNA ladder. (D) Total proteins extracted from inoculated and upper noninoculated leaves were analyzed by Western blot hybridization with WSMV CP or GFP antibodies. Lower panel showing the RuBisCo protein of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 stained gel for the amount of total protein loaded per well. Proteins prepared from WSMV-GFP-infected wheat leaves were loaded at 1:10 dilution compared to other samples. Lanes 1-5 in C and D represent WSMV-GFP (lane 1), WSMV-GFP-ΔP1 (lane 2), WSMV-GFP-ΔP1-P7 (lane 3), WSMV-GFP-ΔP1-P7-W219A (lane 4), and buffer (lane 5). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-disruption-of-gw-motif-in-high-plains-wheat-mosaic-1yi93sq4.png Fig. 5. Disruption of GW motif in High Plains wheat mosaic virus P7 results in loss of suppression of RNA silencing function. (A) Detection of green fluorescence under UV light in N. benthamiana leaves agroinfiltrated with pCASS4 constructs of 35S:P7, 35S:P7W219A or empty pCASS4 along with 35S:GFP reporter at 5 days postagroinfiltration (dpa). (B) Northern blot analyses of total RNA extracted from N. benthamiana leaves agroinfiltrated with pCASS435S:P7, :P7-W219A, :P8 or empty pCASS4 at 5 dpa probed with GFP-specific riboprobe to detect GFPspecific mRNA (top panel) or siRNA (bottom panel). Note the loss of green fluorescence in P7-W219A infiltrated leaf due to silencing of GFP reporter, which was confirmed by the lack of GFP-specific mRNA and increased accumulation of GFP-specific siRNAs in Northern blots. Lanes H and pC represent total RNA extracted from leaves infiltrated with buffer or empty pCASS4 vector, respectively. Ethidium bromide stained gel images below the Northern blots show the amount of total RNA loaded in corresponding lanes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-gw-motif-in-p7-of-high-plains-wheat-mosaic-virus-1lc12iw4.png Fig. 6. The GW motif in P7 of High Plains wheat mosaic virus is required for enhancement of virulence of potato virus X (PVX). (A) Symptom phenotype of PVX-WT, PVX harboring P7, or P7-W219A in N. benthamiana at 28 dpi. Note the loss of ability of P7 to enhance PVX pathogenicity upon W219A mutation. Mock: buffer inoculated control. (B) RT-PCR analysis of total RNA from N. benthamiana plants inoculated with buffer (1), PVX-WT (2), PVX-P7 (3) or PVX-P7-W219A (4) at 28 dpi. M represents 1.0 kbp DNA ladder. (C) Real-time RT-PCR analysis of total RNA isolated from symptomatic leaves of N. benthamiana plants inoculated with in vitro transcripts of PVX-WT, PVX-P7, or PVX-P7-W219A. Relative expression of PVX RNA was calculated by ΔΔCt method, following normalization using NbActin as an internal reference. Most probable differences of relative expression were calculated for each biological replicate using Student's T-Test. *** represents 99% confidence. Error bars indicate standard error for relative expression values between biological replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-p7-and-p8-of-high-plains-wheat-mosaic-virus-are-strong-26akf8ec.png Fig. 1. P7 and P8 of High Plains wheat mosaic virus are strong suppressors of dsRNA-induced transitive pathway of RNA silencing. (A) Schematic representation of agrobacterial infiltration of pCASS4 constructs of 35S driven P7 or P8 along with 35S:ssGFP and 35S:dsGFP into leaves of GFP-transgenic N. benthamiana line 16c at 6-leaf stage. (B) Observation of GFP fluorescence under UV light in top leaves of GFP-transgenic N. benthamiana line 16c. Representative plants showing the suppression of dsGFP-induced systemic silencing (left) and systemic silencing (right) in N. benthamiana line 16c plants infiltrated with P8 or pCASS4, respectively, along with ssGFP and dsGFP at 5 days postagroinfiltration (dpa). (C) Table showing the percentage of dsGFP-induced systemic silencing observed in the presence of P7, P8, P7+P8, pCASS4 or TriMV P1. TriMV P1, an efficient suppressor of RNA silencing with ds-siRNA binding property (Tatineni et al., 2012; Gupta and Tatineni, 2019b) and pCASS4 were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/pacific-northwest-national-laboratory-annual-site-282drmaact 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-5-contd-2d91y8jx.png Table 4.5. (contd) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-conversion-table-1azzeil6.png Table A.2. Conversion Table https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-contd-4ppxl0b0.png Table 3.1. (contd) https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-conversions-for-radioactivity-units-1r0qytu9.png Table A.4. Conversions for Radioactivity Units https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-map-showing-the-locations-of-the-pnnl-campus-and-nsivu10v.png Figure 1.1. Map Showing the Locations of the PNNL Campus and PNNL Marine Sciences Laboratory in Washington State https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-plant-species-observed-on-the-pnnl-campus-in-2012-1p2mhkui.png Table C.1. Plant Species Observed on the PNNL Campus in 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2-pacific-northwest-national-laboratory-campus-and-1nkzvtxm.png Figure 1.2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Campus and Surrounding Area https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-screening-level-dose-rates-for-the-pnnl-marine-1whs1m2l.png Table 4.6. Screening-Level Dose Rates for the PNNL Marine Sciences Laboratory, Calendar Year 2012 https://scispace.com/papers/pagerank-based-clustering-of-hypertext-document-collections-4do8ojy30a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-clusterization-measures-for-webkb-ed7ue1em.png Table 2: Clusterization measures for WebKB https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pairwise-clustering-comparison-for-inria-3raofuoi.png Table 3: Pairwise clustering comparison for INRIA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pairwise-clustering-comparison-for-webkb-3p90n1nw.png Table 1: Pairwise clustering comparison for WebKB https://scispace.com/papers/pah-contamination-of-the-grass-lolium-perenne-exposed-to-12lsliyi1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-pahs-concentrations-in-lolium-perenne-3oo6b1fr.png Figure 1. Total PAHs concentrations in Lolium perenne according to the different sites of exposure (control site 1: climate chamber, control site 2: remote pasture, A31: highway, N74: rural road). DW: dry weight. (a,b): mean values with a different letter differ signifcantly (P > 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-pah-profiles-in-lolium-perenne-according-to-the-19q0ahqy.png Table I. PAH profiles in Lolium perenne according to the different sites: A31: highway, N74: rural road, Control site 2: remote pasture, control site 1: climate chamber. PAH concentrations are given as mean values ± standard deviations and expressed in ng/g (dry matter); *nd: not detected. https://scispace.com/papers/painting-folds-using-expansion-textures-1yd1umj926 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-scrunchy-obtained-from-a-torus-2slxjn4t.png Figure 9. Scrunchy obtained from a torus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-edge-swap-edge-splitting-and-edge-collapse-2r3pa7n3.png Figure 4. Edge swap, edge splitting and edge collapse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-some-drapes-and-folds-from-the-real-world-a-y37p6zg0.png Figure 2. Some drapes and folds from the real world: a scrunchy, real or sculpted clothes, a tablecloth, an aged paint coat, folds on macadam and a plastic cover lying on the ground. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interactive-painting-of-folds-in-the-paint-coat-hwcya33t.png Figure 3. Interactive painting of folds in the paint coat around a bolt (see Figure 2). Here, the dark ellipse on the tool figures the amount and direction of expansion as compared to the identity (figured by the light circle). The tool orientation follows the direction of the mouse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-non-uniformly-growing-squares-3nkdys9j.png Figure 11. Non-uniformly growing squares. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-coat-folded-in-a-ring-area-33ermvuw.png Figure 8. Coat folded in a ring area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-circumvolution-shapes-2vmfp0nw.png Figure 10. Circumvolution shapes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tuning-of-the-wavelength-and-the-regularity-35l4g0sm.png Figure 5. Tuning of the wavelength and the regularity . https://scispace.com/papers/pain-control-according-to-the-periprostatic-nerve-block-site-3w66ectt8t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1tjm0eox.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/pair-based-analytical-model-for-segmented-telescopes-imaging-1d1mcg77qn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-global-aberrations-on-a-segmented-mirror-right-1392goma.png Figure 3. Left: Global aberrations on a segmented mirror. Right: Local aberrations on the same segmented mirror. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-contrast-as-a-function-of-the-rms-piston-error-28vqpo2z.png Figure 7. Contrast as a function of the rms piston error phase on the pupil, computed from both the end-to-end simulation (E2E) and PASTIS. This plot illustrates two regimes: below 10pm rms the contrast is limited by the coronagraph only and over a few 10pm rms the contrast is limited by the aberrations and the quadratic term is majority in the analytical model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-eigen-modes-in-the-local-only-piston-case-the-top-3ldw7prc.png Figure 10. Eigen modes in the local only piston case. The top line corresponds to the four modes with the highest eigen values, the bottom line to four of the modes with the lowest eigen values. In this second line, we can recognize discrete versions of some common low-order Zernike polynomials: the two astigmatisms and the tip and tilt. Furthermore, the last modes focus more on the corner segments, that are typically the segments that impact the contrast the least, since they are the most obscured by both the apodizer and the Lyot stop. Conversely, on the top line, we can also see that the segments with the most extreme piston coefficients correspond to the segments hidden by neither the apodizer nor the Lyot stop, and so are the segments that influence the contrast the most. This explains why they have the highest eigen values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-eigen-values-of-the-matrix-m1-in-the-segment-level-a008plpp.png Figure 9. Eigen values of the matrix M1 in the segment-level piston case. The last eigen value, extremely lower than the others, corresponds to a eigen mode of a global piston on the primary mirror. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-envelopes-corresponding-to-the-first-few-zernike-1o40c6z3.png Figure 4. Envelopes corresponding to the first few Zernike polynomials, in logarithmic scale of the intensity, from 0 to 35λ/D. Top left: piston, top center: tip, top right: tilt, bottom left: focus, bottom center: 45◦-astigmatism, bottom right: 0◦-astigmatism. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-optical-configuration-of-the-aplc-as-used-in-1kabxaxj.png Figure 5. Top: Optical configuration of the APLC as used in the end-to-end simulation. Bottom: Optical masks used in the end-to-end simulation. The apodizer (left) is located in the first pupil plane, the focal plane mask (center) on the following focal plane, its radius here being 4.5λ/D, and the Lyot Stop (circular aperture on the right, here superposed with the entrance pupil) on the last pupil plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-point-spread-function-psf-in-presence-of-the-3ecb2b0i.png Figure 6. Left: Point Spread Function (PSF) in presence of the SCDA pupil of Fig. 1, with an end-to-end numerical simulation without coronagraph and without aberration. Center: PSF in presence of the same SCDA pupil combined with the APLC, with no aberration. Right: Cut along the horizontal radius of the two previous PSFs (red: without APLC, green: with APLC). We can observe that the APLC brings a huge correction in the dark hole, delimited here by the blue dashed lines at 4λ/D and 9λ/D. The average contrast in this region is a few 10−11. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-eigen-modes-in-the-local-only-45-astigmatism-case-1os6gv9i.png Figure 14. Eigen modes in the local only 45◦-astigmatism case. The top line corresponds to the four modes with the highest eigen values, the bottom line to four of the modes with the lowest eigen values. On the top line, we can see that the segments with the most extreme 45◦-astigmatism coefficients correspond to the segments hidden by neither the apodizer nor the Lyot stop, so the segments that influence the contrast the most, which explains why they have the highest eigen values. On the opposite, the modes of the second line focus on the corner segments only, which are the segments the most hidden by both the Lyot Stop and the apodizer. https://scispace.com/papers/pair-structure-of-the-hard-sphere-yukawa-fluid-an-improved-1lgjvwgz23 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-radial-distribution-function-for-two-emchk02r.png FIG. 8: (color online) Radial distribution function for two systems selected from Fig. 7. Common parameters: LB = 0.71 nm, σ = 13.8 nm, ns = 10 µmol/l. Charge numbers and volume fractions as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-contact-value-of-g-r-obtained-by-mc-1qhdwjq0.png FIG. 7: (color online) Contact value of g(r) obtained by MC simulation (diamonds), RY (circles), HNC (crosses), MSA (dotted lines), PB-(R)MSA (dashed lines), and MPB-(R)MSA (solid lines). Black (top): Z = 1, red (middle): Z = 20.5, blue (bottom): Z = 36. Dashed-dotted black line: Carnahan-Starling contact value for hard spheres. Common parameters: LB = 0.71 nm, σ = 13.8 nm, ns = 10 µmol/l. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-structure-factor-s-q-and-radial-3ku4qy5w.png FIG. 3: (color online) Structure factor, S(q), and radial distribution function, g(r), at various salt concentrations, ns, as indicated. Symbols represent MC simulation data. System parameters as in Fig. 2, except now for a higher volume fraction φ = 0.15 and non-zero concentrations of added 1-1 electrolyte. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-radial-position-rm-of-the-principal-3fqduh3l.png FIG. 10: (color online) Radial position, rm, of the principal maximum in g(r), and wavenumber location, qm, of the principal maximum in S(q), plotted versus the inverse geometric pair distance 1/d̃ = n1/3 in units of σ. Results for various salt contents (as indicated) were generated using the MPB-RMSA. Abscissa values where ks = kc are marked by vertical lines. Parameters LB = 0.716 nm, σ = 100 nm, and Z = 300 are representative of an aqueous suspension of strongly charged macroions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-same-as-in-fig-3-but-for-a-small-volume-d7jt4jk2.png FIG. 4: (color online) Same as in Fig. 3 but for a small volume fraction of φ = 0.055. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-sketch-of-hsy-pair-potentials-in-units-1gtfr3s5.png FIG. 1: (color online) (a) Sketch of HSY pair potentials in units of kBT (not to scale) used in the PB-MSA and MPB-MSA schemes, respectively, for a system requiring no size rescaling. (b) As in (a), but for a system requiring size rescaling. The solid black curve, labeled as MSA, represents the physical pair potential u(r) given by Eqs. (1 - 3). Blue curves: βu∗(x); red curves: βu∗mod(x). In (b) the indicated 1/s = σ′/σ values are those of the various rescaled diameters σ′ in units of the physical diameter σ. Note here that σ < σ′RMSA < σ ′ PB−RMSA < σ ′ MPB−RMSA = σ ∗. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-fluid-phase-diagram-obtained-using-the-dn81gtzp.png FIG. 12: (color online) Fluid-phase diagram, obtained using the MPB-RMSA, for HSY systems with gMPB-RMSA(σ+) = 0, fully characterized by the reduced temperature T̃ and screening parameter k̃. The fluid phase is characterized using the Hansen-Verlet criterion S(qm) < 3.2. A specifically colored areal facet corresponds to a specific volume fraction, namely (from top to bottom) green: φ = 1%, violet: φ = 5%, blue: φ = 10%, orange: φ = 15%, light blue: φ = 25%, black: φ = 35%, and red: φ = 45%. A facet of given φ is bounded from above by the visible curve determined from g(σ+, φ) = 0, and from below by the freezing line S(qm) = 3.2 common to all facets. Inset: lower-k̃ phase diagram part using a linear scale. The dotted curve is the solid-liquid coexistence line for point Yukawa particles predicted by Pistoor and Kremer [37]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-structure-factor-s-q-of-tpm-coated-3598ghsg.png FIG. 5: (color online) Structure factor S(q) of TPM-coated, charged silica spheres dispersed in a toluene-ethanol mixture. Triangles are the static light scattering data. Physical parameters used in the calculations are: LB = 8.64 nm, σ = 272 nm and ns = 0.7 µmol/l. The charge numbers determined from fitting the experimental data, are identical for the MC, RY and MPB-RMSA methods, namely Z = (135, 190) for φ = (0.057, 0.15). The non-modified PB-RMSA predicts different values, namely Z = (145, 300). https://scispace.com/papers/pairing-based-cryptography-on-the-internet-of-things-a-zvrboc1q5y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-cpu-time-and-standard-deviation-for-signature-2n9bw27w.png Table 1. Mean CPU time and standard deviation for signature schemes (msec) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-execution-time-memory-usage-and-energy-consumption-of-2gbov06r.png Fig. 2. Execution time, memory usage and energy consumption of pairing-based encryption and decryption on the Raspberry Pi 3 platform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-execution-time-memory-usage-and-energy-consumption-of-929ndcpc.png Fig. 3. Execution time, memory usage and energy consumption of pairings and notpairings signining and verification on the Raspberry Pi 3 platform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-abstract-view-of-pairing-based-cryptography-2kfn1w0r.png Fig. 1. An abstract view of pairing-based cryptography https://scispace.com/papers/pair-formation-in-quenched-unitary-bose-gases-39swv5aywp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contribution-of-the-embedded-dimers-formed-at-2qas2cuo.png FIG. 3. Contribution of the embedded dimers formed at unitarity to the total number of molecules produced by the fast-sweep projection away from the unitary regime shown for three ramp rates within the range of experimental interest. Time is implicit in the inverse effective scattering length in the sense of Eq. (1). By thold ∼ 2tn when (knaeff )−1 0.4, we obtain a maximum contribution ND/Nmol ≈ 0.6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-fraction-of-unbound-atoms-remaining-after-fast-sweep-2c35s527.png FIG. 4. Fraction of unbound atoms remaining after fast-sweep projection away from unitarity as a function of thold/tn for nin = 2.7×1012 cm−3, where tn = 41μs. The experimental data points are taken from Ref. [12]. Assuming that the 0.3μs/G ramp projects the gas at unitarity only onto unbound atoms and taking A = 0.28 yields the solid green line. The different colored theoretical curves correspond to A = {0.28, 0.20, 0.18} (pink dashed, purple dot-dashed, and red dot-dot-dashed lines, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fraction-of-unbound-atoms-produced-after-a-fast-sweep-4phic0h9.png FIG. 5. Fraction of unbound atoms produced after a fast-sweep projection away from unitarity over a range of ramp rates and fixed thold = 80μs ≈ 1.9tn and initial density nin = 2.7×1012 cm−3. Here, we compare theoretical results for A = {0.28, 0.20, 0.18} (pink dashed, purple dot-dashed, and red dot-dot-dashed lines, respectively) as indicated in the legend. The experimental results from Ref. [12] are indicated by the data points along with the LandauZener exponential fit with γ −1 = 2.2μs/G (black solid line) as discussed in the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-experimental-protocol-2hr6tzi4.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the experimental protocol used in Refs. [10–13]. First, the magnetic field B is ramped suddenly toward the resonant value B0, taking the system from the weakly interacting (na3 < 1) to the unitary regime na3 1 (shaded region). In the second stage, the system evolves at unitarity for a variable time thold. In the third and final step, the system is ramped back from unitarity with a different ramp rate (proportional to the slope of line 3) away from resonance and returns back to the weakly interacting regime where measurements are made and weakly bound molecules can be found. Inset: Feshbach resonance with the scattering length a as a function of B during the sequence represented in the main figure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-difference-in-the-fraction-of-unbound-atoms-for-three-3ujt19hq.png FIG. 6. Difference in the fraction of unbound atoms for three different densities and for two different ramp rates measured by N (1/R) over a range of thold. Our theoretical predictions (lines) are compared against the experimental results (data points) from Ref. [12]. (a) Behavior of N (6μs/G) over a range initial densities nin = 4.0, 2.7, and 1.3×1012 cm−3 [tn = 32, 41, and 66μs, respectively] as indicated by color (blue dashed, yellow solid, and black dot-dashed lines, respectively). (b) Behavior of N (3μs/G) and N (6μs/G) for fixed initial density nin = 2.7×1012 cm−3 as indicated by color (green dot-dot-dashed and yellow solid lines, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-qualitative-illustration-of-the-variation-of-a-solid-vs9hfgl5.png FIG. 2. A qualitative illustration of the variation of a∗ (solid red lines) with the ramp rate 1/R and of the variation of aeff (solid and dashed black lines) with increasing thold as indicated by arrows in the shaded region. The direction of faster ramps is indicated explicitly. In the insets, the molecular [φ∗(k)] (solid green and blue lines) and bound pair [φD(k)] (solid, dash-dotted, and dashed lines) wave functions are compared for increasing thold indicated by arrows. https://scispace.com/papers/pairwise-symmetry-conditions-for-voting-equilibria-2joarh8peg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-figure-3-1pzrgja3.png FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2n6u7f61.png FIGURE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3uenb2b0.png FIGURE 5 https://scispace.com/papers/palladium-ii-carboxylates-and-palladium-i-carbonyl-1h1cvgwb36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cyclopropanation-yields-top-and-selectivities-bottom-3bx2ke46.png Fig. 1 Cyclopropanation yields (top) and selectivities (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cyclopropanation-competition-experimentsa-12vwiimj.png Table 3 Cyclopropanation competition experimentsa https://scispace.com/papers/pan-active-imidazolopiperazine-antimalarials-target-the-36f0vc701x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-gnf179-localizes-to-the-er-of-early-stage-parasites-a-1lsp4dpc.png Fig. 2 GNF179 localizes to the ER of early stage parasites. a Chemical structure of canonical and NBD conjugated GNF179 and Coumarin-1 conjugated GNF179. b Dose response curves for GNF179 and Coumarin1 (left) or NBD (right) conjugated GNF179 in wild-type and KAF156-resistant clone (KAD452R3, containing three mutations in pfcarl (M81I, L830V and S1076I). c Colocalization of Coumarin-1 conjugated GNF179 with ER-tracker red. d Colocalization of NBD conjugated GNF179 with ER-tracker red. Parasites are in mid-ring (6-hours post-infection) stage and were treated for 30min with 2 µM GNF179Coumarin1 and 100 nM GNF179-NBD. The blue signal represents the DAPI-stained parasite nucleus. Scale bars: 2 µm. Source data for b is provided as a Source Data file. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-secretion-reporter-constructs-demonstrate-that-gnf179-21bvw9ak.png Fig. 3 Secretion reporter constructs demonstrate that GNF179 inhibits protein export of Plasmodium falciparum. a Protein expression levels of PfEMP3GFP reporter. This fusion includes the signal peptide and PEXEL motif of PfEMP3. By immunoblot, three protein products are seen with anti-GFP antibodies. The three indicated bands, in response to probing with GFP, as follows: 1. Full length protein (black arrow), 2. PEXEL cleaved protein (blue arrow), 3. GFP degradation product (magenta arrow). HSP70 is used as a loading control. b SERA5ss-GFP fusion reporter treated with GNF179. By immunoblot with antiGFP antibodies we see two protein products for this construct: 1. Signal peptide cleaved (blue arrow) and 2. GFP degradation product (magenta arrow). HSP70 serves as a loading control. c 35S incorporation of newly synthesized amino acids at different concentrations of KAF156, chloroquine (negative https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mutations-identified-in-more-than-one-gnf179-3ah4z4ey.png Table 1 Mutations identified in more than one GNF179-resistant S. cerevisiae line, from a pool of 13 evolved strains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gnf179-resistant-yeast-strains-harbor-mutations-in-mklvxqns.png Fig. 1 GNF179-resistant yeast strains harbor mutations in endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-based lipid homeostasis and autophagy genes. a Protein maps showing relevant mutations and PROSITE predicted protein domains, if applicable. Maps were generated using Illustrator of Biological Sequences (IBS) software package86. Missense mutations are shown in yellow ovals, nonsense mutations in red pentagons, and frameshift mutations as purple arrows. b Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was generated using the STRING database87. Each node represents a S. cerevisiae protein and connecting lines delineate interactions. The PPI enrichment p-value (p= 1.38 × 10−14) indicates that the proteins show significantly more interactions among themselves than would be expected from a random subset of genes from the yeast genome. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ic50s-mean-and-s-e-m-for-gnf179-in-the-indicated-2thgu8cd.png Table 2 IC50s (mean and S.E.M) for GNF179 in the indicated yeast CRISPR-Cas9 edited strains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ic50s-mean-and-s-e-m-for-gnf179-in-the-indicated-21rjiaau.png Table 3 IC50s (mean and S.E.M) for GNF179 in the indicated yeast haploid deletion strains. https://scispace.com/papers/panel-regression-models-for-measuring-multidimensional-2gcagaqa9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-alternative-following-rules-2d6bbgiz.png Table 1: Alternative following rules https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-marginal-maximum-likelihood-estimates-south-eastern-23ziy2oc.png Table 4: Marginal Maximum Likelihood estimates: South-Eastern Region https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-household-membership-function-means-18ztutjh.png Table 2: Household membership function means https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-components-of-variance-autocorrelated-individual-3oxd8d0t.png Table 3: Components of variance; autocorrelated individual component models https://scispace.com/papers/pancreatic-islets-from-non-heart-beating-donor-pig-two-layer-njhvfenrnw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-donor-characteristics-and-results-of-the-isolation-1y00q4a3.png TABLE I - DONOR CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULTS OF THE ISOLATION https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-islets-isolated-after-240-minutes-dtz-staining-of-d4gq6ah7.png Fig. 3 - Islets isolated after 240 minutes (DTZ staining) of preservation in UW solution (a) and TLM solution (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pancreatic-tissue-section-h-e-staining-20x-after-gygmlxoj.png Fig. 2 - Pancreatic tissue section (H&E staining 20x) after preservation in UW solution (a) and TLM solution (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-whisker-and-box-plot-showing-total-number-of-islets-voelllfz.png Fig. 1 - Whisker-and-box plot showing: Total Number of Islets (TNI)/g; Islet Equivalent (IEq)/g; Purity, Viability, and Insulin Stimulation Index with UW solution and TLM solution. https://scispace.com/papers/panorama-a-database-system-that-annotates-its-answers-to-1s3c99kjlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scheme-of-a-consumer-information-database-131rmmer.png Figure 2. Scheme of a consumer information database https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-meta-processing-sn4wbhon.png Figure 1. Meta-processing https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-computation-of-pseudospectra-of-large-sparse-zc3hd8ps6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-speedup-of-the-ppat-2os26i4u.png Fig. 8. Speedup of the PPAT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-starting-triangle-for-real-matrices-3ru8p4ta.png Table 2 Starting triangle for real matrices https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-computing-multiple-slices-of-the-same-level-curve-18yl59d9.png Fig. 4. Computing multiple slices of the same level curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-parallel-multifrontal-qr-decomposition-3u23g9wp.png Fig. 6. Parallel multifrontal QR decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-computing-multiple-slices-of-the-same-matrix-test-1q5ml0pf.png Table 6 Computing multiple slices of the same matrix – Test matrix Olm1000 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-test-matrix-set-k7blwlue.png Table 7 The test matrix set https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-seconds-spent-in-the-multifrontal-qr-decomposition-nl6kmfre.png Table 8 Seconds spent in the multifrontal QR decomposition and the Lanczos algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-parallel-implementation-of-the-numerical-algorithms-1nyqmwwf.png Table 9 Parallel implementation of the numerical algorithms https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-adaptive-integration-in-high-performance-functional-4snb66w90q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-number-of-function-evaluations-needed-for-1a36b5cy.png Fig. 2. The number of function evaluations needed for calculating all integrals of a fixed l value is plotted against Ω. We use a form-factor expansion that results in 45 independent integrals for each external momentum l, which is fixed to (1.57, 1.31) (left plot) and (2.88, 0.26) (right plot) respectively. The results of both implementations— the one using DCUHRE (red) and the one using PAID (blue)—are shown in the same plot in favor of a direct comparison. In order to use the same number of evaluations per subregion as in DCUHRE, we set the PAID parameter N to 4. Further we use MaxTask = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-value-of-the-integrand-is-plotted-against-the-two-3hoptrgg.png Fig. 1. The value of the integrand is plotted against the two-dimensional momentum p for Ω = 1.0 (left plot) and Ω = 0.1 (right plot). In this example case the external momentum l is set to (3.14, 0.78) and both form-factor indices label the lowest order function, which is constant in momentum space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-computation-time-needed-for-calculating-all-1knj15t3.png Fig. 4. The computation time needed for calculating all integrals of a fixed l value using 48 threads is plotted against Ω. We use a form-factor expansion that results in 325 independent integrals for each l, which takes the same values as in Fig. 2. For reasons of comparison we use N = 4 in PAID as in the analysis shown in Fig. 2. Further, MaxTask is set to 7. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-these-plots-show-the-speedup-at-10-3-against-the-1hmzjnmf.png Fig. 3. These plots show the speedup at Ω = 10−3 against the number of threads for the implementation based on PAID. For thread numbers up to 24 each compute core executes only a single thread. At 48 threads each compute core processes two threads at a time using simultaneous multithreading. The l-values are chosen as in Fig. 2 and there are 325 integrals to calculate per l. For this analysis we use the PAID parameters that result in the best performance: N = 6 and MaxTask = 18. https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-fft-computation-with-a-cdma-based-network-on-chip-3svztshv0x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-demodulation-algorithm-8m4fgb6a.png TABLE II DEMODULATION ALGORITHM https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-demodulation-example-2d9tdynd.png TABLE III DEMODULATION EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-number-of-pes-comparison-1k38wmqp.png TABLE IV NUMBER OF PES COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-direct-mapping-and-b-indirect-mapping-1hr58t84.png Fig. 2. (a) Direct mapping and (b) Indirect mapping. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-modulation-algorithm-zgvb4ht9.png TABLE I MODULATION ALGORITHM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cdma-based-star-topology-noc-architecture-2e3pevml.png Fig. 1. CDMA-based star topology NoC architecture. https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-evolutionary-algorithms-performing-pairwise-4q5o4jxn9o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-progress-rate-expressed-as-variants-of-eq-17-21alwkq9.png Figure 5: The progress rate, expressed as variants of Eq. (17), for different set of parameters ω, φp, φg , including the values of standard PSO (black dash line with values ω = 0.72 and φp = φg = 1.2). We observe that standard PSO performs well and even seems to reach the optimal convergence rate as λ grows. For small λ a higher value of ω is slightly more appropriate and eventually (around a population λ = 80k) smaller values of ω outperform standard PSO. Standard deviations are of order 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pr30-l-for-different-values-of-o-in-this-figure-24p16y5n.png Figure 6: PR30(λ) for different values of ω. In this figure, different values of φg and φp for values around those proposed in standard PSO are applied to the study of the (unimodal) sphere function x 7→ ‖x‖2. We see that ω smaller (than standard PSO) is better for λ large and ω larger is better for λ small. The impact is, however, moderate in this case (dimension 30). Standard deviations are of order 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experiments-aimed-at-comparing-our-proposed-2u4yxw5o.png Figure 4: Experiments aimed at comparing our proposed variants with small values for F as λ → ∞ to adaptive variants of DE. In these experiments, variants of DE are tested with D = 10 and with D = λ/2 respectively, as the population size λ goes to infinity. These results are convergence rates in the fitness space. Figure 4a shows that adaptive variants of DE can not compete with the standard DE (e.g. DE/best/1), which could not compete with our variants with F = 1 2 λ−0.4 in previous experiments. Figure 4b shows that JADE performs reasonably well when the population size is proportional to the dimension. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-performance-progress-rate-for-different-2hssls7a.png Figure 10: The performance (progress rate) for different population size λ where the dimension is given by λ/2. Three sets of parameters are tested. The first set is the values given by standard PSO. The second test is given by ω = 0, φg ,φp = 0.9. The third and last set is the formula given by ωλ, φg ,φp = 0.9. Again, we observe that ωλ gives the best progress rate - though standard PSO is almost equivalent. Standard deviations are of order 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-in-dimension-d-2-3-5-50-respectively-we-check-the-1z5l5iek.png Figure 8: In dimension D = {2, 3, 5, 50} respectively, we check the progress rate PRD(λ) for different values of w. At dimension D = 2, the use of ωλ over standard PSO for parallelization yield an improvement by a factor of 7. At dimension D = 3, ωλ improves over standard PSO by a factor of 8. At dimension D = 5, the factor is also 8. At dimension D = 10 (unpresented), the factor is 7.5. The case of dimension D = 30 (unpresented) provides no improvement, standard PSO is equal to ωλ. At dimension D = 50, there is a small advantage to use ωλ over standard PSO. Standard deviations are of order 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-in-dimension-d-2-3-5-50-respectively-we-check-the-1f1xip6k.png Figure 9: In dimension D = {2, 3, 5, 50} respectively, we check the progress rate PRD(λ) for different values of w. At dimension D = 2, the use of ωλ over standard PSO for parallelization yield an improvement by a factor of more than 5. At dimension D = 3, ωλ improves over standard PSO by a similar factor. At dimension D = 5, the factor is around 9. At dimension D = 10 (unpresented), the factor is 2.5. The case of dimension D = 30 (unpresented) provides no improvement, standard PSO is essentially equal to ωλ. At dimension D = 50, there is a small advantage to use ωλ over standard PSO. Standard deviations are of order 0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experiments-in-dimension-5-here-we-plot-the-2xdv00cr.png Figure 1: Experiments in dimension 5. Here we plot the convergence rates CR (Eq. 5) of various parametrizations of differential evolution (estimated on 1000 iterations). All experiments are averaged over 15 runs. Standard deviations are very small and not presented. We essentially see that F should decrease when λ increases. Figure 3 will experiment with a few variants with larger population sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-here-we-plot-the-convergence-rates-eq-5-of-various-pvif9egl.png Figure 2: Here we plot the convergence rates (Eq. 5) of various parametrizations of differential evolution in the case D = λ/2 with D the dimension. All experiments are averaged over 15 runs. Standard deviations are very small and not presented. Figure 3 presents experiments with a few selected variants with larger population sizes. https://scispace.com/papers/paradox-lost-skeletal-ontogeny-of-indostomus-paradoxus-and-le87hasew9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-indostomus-paradoxus-usnm-366869-developmental-stages-328s2bku.png Fig. 2. Indostomus paradoxus (USNM 366869). Developmental stages of neurocranium in dorsal view. Bone gray, cartilage white. A. 4.8 mm. B. 6.4 mm. C. 11.2 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-indostomus-paradoxus-usnm-366869-ontogeny-of-18ydcu69.png Fig. 5. Indostomus paradoxus (USNM 366869). Ontogeny of hyopalatine arch and lower jaw, continued, lateral view. A. 5.5 mm. B. 8.7 mm. C. 11.2 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-c-f-le-oe-a-ee-ee-apts-gate-12me8mz6.png Fig. 16. ¢ F : le oe a ee ee | apts. Gate https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-indostomus-paradoxus-usnm-366869-developmental-stages-1ew4le6b.png Fig. 14. Indostomus paradoxus (USNM 366869). Developmental stages of caudal fin, lateral view. A. 4.3 mm, arrow indicates incipient pseudoparhypural. B. 5.5 mm. Bone light gray, cartilage white. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-view-a-3-0-mm-b-3-3-mm-c-4-3-mm-1qj4jm15.png Fig. 4. view. A. 3.0 mm. B. 3.3 mm. C. 4.3 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ca-28-mm-9djyoo5v.png Fig. 1. ca. 28 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-indostomus-paradoxus-6-8-mm-usnm-366869-schematic-2qdr21yp.png Fig. 10. Indostomus paradoxus, 6.8 mm (USNM 366869). Schematic representation of body armor. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. Exoskeletal components light gray, endoskeletal components darker gray, arrows point to first plates originating from neural or hemal spines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-indostomus-paradoxus-5-5-mm-usnm-366869-schematic-hgjp3v31.png Fig. 9. Indostomus paradoxus, 5.5 mm (USNM 366869). Schematic representation of body armor. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. Exoskeletal components light gray, endoskeletal components darker gray. https://scispace.com/papers/parallel-histories-in-rote-meto-5ekg4hu9j7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-examples-of-medial-prm-nd-2mdbb0ph.png TABLE 10. EXAMPLES OF MEDIAL PRM *-nd- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-east-rote-meto-family-tree-1vbfyw0w.png FIGURE 2. EAST ROTE-METO FAMILY TREE https://scispace.com/figures/table-39-examples-of-prm-trisyllables-13ypuw47.png TABLE 39. EXAMPLES OF PRM TRISYLLABLES https://scispace.com/figures/table-43-numbers-of-prm-b-b-and-f-vb7njct5.png TABLE 43. NUMBERS OF PRM *ɓ, *b, AND *f https://scispace.com/figures/table-45-competing-subgrouping-evidence-1sc527ar.png TABLE 45. COMPETING SUBGROUPING EVIDENCE https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-rote-meto-correspondence-sets-continued-1arntkop.png TABLE 3. ROTE-METO CORRESPONDENCE SETS† (CONTINUED) https://scispace.com/figures/table-37-examples-of-prm-idx5w2dp.png TABLE 37. EXAMPLES OF PRM *ə https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-prm-b-b-f-and-p-1akk1hgj.png TABLE 11. PRM *ɓ, *b, *f, AND *p† https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-estimation-for-a-bidimensional-partially-observed-4j0d7nlxac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-noisy-observations-of-one-simulated-data-set-n-200-klldbadt.png Figure 1: Noisy observations of one simulated data set (n = 200, ∆ = 0.2, σ2 = 3) are plotted with stars. True simulated trajectories (thin solid lines), mean estimated trajectories (thick solid lines) and estimated 95% confidence intervals (dotted lines) obtained with the Kalman algorithm are plotted with dark lines for S(t), light lines for P (t) and very light line for I(t). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-estimated-values-with-empirical-standard-errors-3qeaxjo4.png Table 2: Mean estimated values (with empirical standard errors in bracket) obtained with the exact MLE and the EM algorithms and exact standard errors obtained from the Fisher information matrix, evaluated on 1000 simulated data with n = 200 and n = 1000 observations and σ2 = 1 or σ2 = 3 (σ2 and θ5 fixed to their true values). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-estimated-values-with-empirical-standard-errors-1le70jox.png Table 1: Mean estimated values (with empirical standard errors in bracket) obtained with the exact MLE and the EM algorithms and exact standard errors obtained from the Fisher information matrix, evaluated on 1000 simulated data with n = 200 and n = 1000 observations and σ2 = 1 or σ2 = 3 (σ2 and θ5 fixed to their true values). https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-estimation-for-bivariate-exponential-sums-2ep74alj8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-of-the-second-example-4zdd87ni.png TABLE II RESULTS OF THE SECOND EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-free-coordination-numbers-for-solutions-and-3oe5tk3wza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-the-solid-angle-definition-3pcxwixx.png FIG. 2: Schematic representation of the solid angle definition Ωi,j = 2π(1− cos(θi,j)) associated with neighbor j at distance ri,j of central particle i, and using a coordination radius of R (m) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-schematic-representation-of-the-asann-workflow-based-veewrs5z.png FIG. 5: Schematic representation of the ASANN workflow: Based on the SANN coordination sphere, the barycenter and the corresponding angular correction is computed, leading to the ASANN coordination spherical cap. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-parity-plot-for-the-total-energy-predicted-by-a-2-1vlhvt0m.png FIG. 15: Parity plot for the total energy predicted by a 2-body model Hamiltonian fitted using the SANN vs. ASANN coordination algorithm. The whole set of 27 nanoparticles + 6 Bulk structures was used as training set, and the test set was composed of the 27 Au-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles only for graphical considerations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-average-cs-ions-coordination-numbers-30ibrlqb.png TABLE I: Comparison of average Cs+ ions coordination numbers determined by ASANN, SANN and a fixed cutoff (4.0 Å) for each defined region. The data is displayed in the form: mean (standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-sann-iterative-algorithm-in-2d-127mvk1u.png FIG. 3: Illustration of the SANN iterative algorithm in 2D. Blue dots represents neighbors of the considered particle (green dot), while other particles are displayed in purple. For each increasing number of neighbors m (starting from 3), a coordination sphere radius is computed such that the SANN equality is respected (sum of neighboring solid angle requirement). The algorithm continues until the coordination radius is well-defined (i.e. surrounding particles are considered neighbors if and only if they are within the coordination radius). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-average-na-ions-coordination-numbers-1slbp2ei.png TABLE II: Comparison of average Na+ ions coordination numbers determined by ASANN, SANN and a fixed cutoff (3.2 Å) for each defined region. The data is displayed in the form: mean (standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-representation-of-a-p-3x3-cu-111-surface-with-a-3pew9u9b.png FIG. 11: Representation of a p(3×3) Cu(111) surface with a triangle of 3 Cu addatoms. Coordination numbers from SANN (a) and ASANN (b) are superimposed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-low-energy-amorphous-au38-nanoparticle-coordination-1mf60ggu.png FIG. 12: Low energy, amorphous Au38 nanoparticle. Coordination numbers from SANN (a) and ASANN (b) are superimposed. SANN overestimation is particularly visible at the tips. https://scispace.com/papers/parameter-sensitivity-to-climate-and-landscape-variability-4q9k71taag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-cumulative-distribution-of-daily-a-streamflow-and-b-2rh7qx8p.png Fig. 12. Cumulative distribution of daily (a) streamflow and (b) salt load due to sensitivity analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sensitivity-analyses-of-daily-stream-salinity-33ishe0d.png Fig. 11. Sensitivity analyses of daily stream salinity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-observed-and-predicted-monthly-a-streamflow-and-b-salt-k4elwuu9.png Fig. 9. Observed and predicted monthly (a) streamflow and (b) salt load of Batalling Creek catchment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dynamic-variation-of-stream-zone-saturated-areas-at-326llxm7.png Fig. 6. Dynamic variation of stream zone saturated areas at Ernies and Salmon catchments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-catchment-attributes-1es61c17.png Table 1. Catchment attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-b-goodness-of-fit-for-model-simulations-salt-3l3ccaot.png Table 4. (b) Goodness of fit for model simulations – salt. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-goodness-of-fit-for-model-simulations-streamflow-tar1fmnq.png Table 4. (b) Goodness of fit for model simulations – salt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sensitivity-analyses-of-daily-streamflow-3g1yy6mb.png Fig. 10. Sensitivity analyses of daily streamflow. https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-analysis-of-distributed-firm-real-time-systems-a-3z80m6c35k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fixed-parameter-values-in-the-two-experiments-1nxz9t9k.png Table 1. Fixed parameter values in the two experiments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-running-time-in-minutes-in-two-experiments-3st1tmux.png Table 2. Running time in minutes in two experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schedulability-checker-for-audio-packets-firm-b2z9m3xp.png Figure 7. Schedulability checker for audio packets (firm deadline) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heterogeneous-communication-system-hcs-2l7qa7lp.png Figure 1. Heterogeneous Communication System (HCS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-audio-feasibility-and-error-regions-for-0-3-5-7-in-24bpnvh0.png Figure 8. Audio feasibility and error regions for ∆ = 0, 3, 5, 7 in Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-audio-feasibility-and-error-regions-for-0-3-5-7-in-u0xfb5a9.png Figure 9. Audio feasibility and error regions for ∆ = 0, 3, 5, 7 in Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-logical-model-of-hcs-e9mdxhfa.png Figure 3. Logical model of HCS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-sequence-diagram-of-message-exchanged-between-29tks585.png Figure 2. Time sequence diagram of message exchanged between master and slave to achieve clock synchronization https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-instabilities-in-turbulent-inhomogeneous-plasma-nfwvbr77gz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1d-2oj9irr8.png Fig. 1d. https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-enhancement-of-flavor-oscillation-in-a-three-l935e91wks 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-modulus-ofu3-fore-10-mev-and-various-baselines-la-19t5s9cw.png FIG. 1. The modulus ofu3 forE = 10 MeV and various baselines La,b with densities ρa = 4.5 g/cm3 and ρb = 11.5 g/cm3 in the two-neutrino limit θ = 0.59, 21 = 7.54×10−5 eV2, and 31 = 2.47×10−3 eV2. We mark the half-wavelength solutions with ×. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-plot-of-u-for-e-1-gev-and-various-baselines-la-b-1rr9b8zy.png FIG. 11. A plot of u for E = 1 GeV and various baselines La,b with θ = 0.59, φ = 0.15, and ψ = 0.72 in the castle-wall profile. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-oscillation-probability-pem-for-1-gev-neutrinos-1v7nkxwj.png FIG. 12. The oscillation probability Peμ for 1 GeV neutrinos through a castle-wall profile with La = 1625 km and Lb = 2410 km. We set θ = 0.59, φ = 0.15, and ψ = 0.72. We omit the shaded regions which typically indicate the higher density region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-oscillation-probability-pem-for-1-gev-neutrinos-1z6p6745.png FIG. 10. The oscillation probability Peμ for 1 GeV neutrinos through a castle-wall profile with La = 1800 km and Lb = 2296 km. The shaded areas indicate regions of density ρb = 11.5 g/cm3. We set θ = 0.59, φ = 0, and ψ = 0.72. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-modulus-of-u3-for-e-200-mev-and-various-baselines-3kzmwww9.png FIG. 4. The modulus of u3 for E = 200 MeV and various baselines La,b using the same data as Fig. 1. We mark the halfwavelength solutions with ×. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-oscillation-probability-pem-for-200-mev-neutrinos-111xsy4q.png FIG. 5. The oscillation probability Peμ for 200 MeV neutrinos through a castle-wall profile with (a) La = 3100 km and Lb = 1548 km and (b) La = 1550 km and Lb = 2477 km. The shaded regions in the plots indicate the region of density ρb = 11.5 g/cm3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-modulus-of-u3-for-e-100-mev-and-various-baselines-qqh454bp.png FIG. 3. The modulus of u3 for E = 100 MeV and various baselines La,b using the same data as Fig. 1. We mark the halfwavelength solutions with ×. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-modulus-of-u3-for-e-500-mev-and-various-baselines-3jyty0f6.png FIG. 2. The modulus of u3 for E = 500 MeV and various baselines La,b using the same data as Fig. 1. We mark the halfwavelength solutions with ×. https://scispace.com/papers/parametric-study-of-large-scale-production-of-syngas-via-57c1c7h8v3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electrolyzer-model-results-and-comparisons-a-1lw6abcb.png Figure 3. Electrolyzer model results and comparisons, (a) Variation of species mole fraction as a function of current density; (b) Electrolyzer outlet temperature as a function of operating voltage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overall-syngas-production-efficiencies-for-the-no-2gar7vur.png Figure 5. Overall syngas production efficiencies for the no-sweep cases plotted as a function of current density (a), per-cell operating voltage (b), and syngas production rate (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overall-syngas-production-efficiencies-for-the-air-pi4nomwt.png Figure 4. Overall syngas production efficiencies for the air-sweep cases plotted as a function of current density (a), per-cell operating voltage (b), and syngas production rate (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-power-cycle-and-overall-syngas-production-2jhgpmdw.png Figure 7. Power cycle and overall syngas production efficiencies at thermal-neutral voltage as a function of reactor outlet temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overall-syngas-production-efficiency-for-a-fixed-r8dtsegj.png Figure 6. Overall syngas production efficiency for a fixed electrolyzer inlet flow rate with air sweep, plotted as a function of electrolyzer current density (a), as a function of electrolyzer operating voltage (b), and as a function of steam/CO2 utilization (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-flow-diagram-for-co-electrolysis-plant-puhgbevx.png Figure 1. Process flow diagram for co-electrolysis plant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-process-flow-diagram-for-the-electrolysis-module-1nrnnxgo.png Figure 2. Process flow diagram for the electrolysis module within UniSim. https://scispace.com/papers/parametrized-arity-gap-532xu40pea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-simple-minors-of-the-function-f-given-in-2dhggs03.png Figure 1. The simple minors of the function f given in Example 3.2. https://scispace.com/papers/parashares-finding-the-important-basic-blocks-in-u3vkdtvi3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-collection-framework-to-collect-parashares-ttwdkcvb.png Fig. 3: The Collection Framework. To collect ParaShares, programmers re-compile their program with a specialized compiler, then execute it once with normal inputs. Profiling files produced at compile and execution time are analyzed in post-processing to give the programmer a list of ParaShares and corresponding source code locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-robustness-of-the-metrics-runtimes-and-basic-block-3up251p2.png Fig. 4: Robustness of the metrics. Runtimes and basic block execution counts can change across program trials, but the differences are small relative to the differences in ParaShares collected across varying thread counts or input set sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-parashares-pinpoint-inefficiencies-that-lead-to-yhdxx9nv.png Fig. 7: ParaShares pinpoint inefficiencies that lead to significant opportunities for optimization. With the extremely targeted profiling provided by ParaShares, we were able to improve benchmark performance by up to 92% through source code changes less than 10 lines long. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-parashares-rank-basic-blocks-to-identify-those-with-1q8an5c2.png Fig. 1: ParaShares rank basic blocks to identify those with the greatest impact on parallel execution, weighting blocks by the runtime parallelism exhibited by the application each time the block was executed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-parashares-versus-unweighted-rankings-for-the-blocks-3o0ohxqh.png Fig. 5: ParaShares versus unweighted rankings for the blocks representing 90% of ParaShare execution and for the larger set of the top 100 blocks per application. ParaShares often significantly impact the relative importance of a block versus dynamic instruction count rankings not weighted by parallelism. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parashare-rankings-identify-important-blocks-to-target-am37juya.png Fig. 2: ParaShare rankings identify important blocks to target for multithreaded performance optimizations. These graphs show the ParaShare percentages (ordered from greatest to least share) of all the basic blocks in eight benchmark applications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-parashare-blocks-vary-across-thread-counts-and-1a9j4r89.png Fig. 6: Top ParaShare blocks vary across thread counts and input sizes. These differences suggest that optimizations may need to be targeted to the level of expected parallelism and to input size for maximum effect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-case-for-fine-grained-identification-of-3bpqpnyg.png Table 1: A case for fine-grained identification of performance inefficiencies. To examine the functions that take up 90% of the parallel execution, a programmer must examine an average of 338.5 lines per program. To examine the basic blocks that consumed the same amount, they would need to look at an average of 50 lines per program. https://scispace.com/papers/parasites-lightning-and-the-vegetation-mosaic-in-wilderness-2i2t6qzqur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-some-factors-affecting-the-spread-of-fire-and-the-qgifz111.png Table 4.1. Some Factors Affecting the Spread of Fire and the Resulting Vegetation Mosaic in Wilderness Landscapes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-an-approach-for-illustrating-vegetation-2sfkenhi.png Figure 4.1. An approach for illustrating vegetation distribution (A) and vegetation dynamics (B) in landscapes. The diagram on the left, from Romme and Knight (1981), is an abstraction that shows where different vegetation types most commonly occur with regard to topographic position and elevation, but such diagrams do not portray the actual vegetation mosaic as it would appear on an aerial photograph. (B) After Pickett (1976), illustrates the shifting mosaic concept, with T, portraying the vegetation mosaic at one time, T, at some later time, and T\ after a major disturbance. The vertical https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-a-generalized-depiction-of-the-possible-2pcimofr.png Figure 4.6. A generalized depiction of the possible relationships between the capacity for sprouting in various vegetation types, the rate of vegetation recovery after fire or some other major disturbances, and the time available after a disturbance for occupancy by new species. With some exceptions, coniferous forest mosaics may be more variable in space and time due to a lack of sprouting and relatively slow rates of patch recovery, as discussed in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-an-illustration-of-the-fungus-bark-beetle-fire-eij9r64u.png Figure 4.5. An illustration of the fungus/bark beetle/fire interaction proposed by Geiszler et al. (1980) and Gara et al. (1985). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-a-diagram-illustrating-various-biotic-and-2tsj7izi.png Figure 4.4. A diagram illustrating various biotic and physical factors that have positive ( + ) or negative ( - ) effects on flammability, as discussed in the text. Some factors are included more than once because they may contribute to the development of flammability in various ways. https://scispace.com/papers/parasitic-excitation-of-ion-bernstein-waves-from-a-faraday-35ra9qpz91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amd3b7bi.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-1asqrhsv.png Fig. 8(a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coupling-model-1zza7yb6.png Fig. 1 Coupling model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effect-of-parallel-wave-number-a-0deg-phasing-jez0ajlc.png Fig. 6 Effect of parallel wave number a. 0° phasing https://scispace.com/papers/parental-aspirations-for-children-s-education-is-there-a-4eipg2nlub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parents-aspirations-for-the-level-of-education-they-3huqdfym.png Table 1—Parents’ Aspirations for the Level of Education They Want Their Eldest Child to Attain https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-educational-investment-3iqjvzhv.png Table 2—Educational Investment https://scispace.com/papers/paratactical-tuning-an-agenda-for-the-use-of-computers-in-t2ygw25q0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-excerpt-from-lou-harrison-s-simfony-in-free-style-uzbvh2zl.png Fig. 1. Excerpt from Lou Harrison's Simfony in Free Style. https://scispace.com/papers/parental-migration-and-the-educational-enrolment-of-left-euargp40nh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-odds-ratio-of-logistic-models-predicting-educational-31xyfsyn.png Table 3. Odds ratio of logistic models predicting educational enrolment of younger children and older children https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratio-of-logistic-models-predicting-children-2yd9kktc.png Table 2. Odds ratio of logistic models predicting children educational enrolment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-sample-2l12ogj8.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of the Sample https://scispace.com/papers/partial-sample-average-approximation-method-for-chance-1fklhdl38x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computational-results-of-supply-demand-problem-n-50-iuripzht.png Table 3 Computational results of supply/demand problem n = 50. “–” indicates indicates no optimal solutions found within two hours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computational-results-of-the-simple-example-when-n-6yqtsaka.png Table 2 Computational results of the simple example when n = 50. “–” indicates no optimal solutions found within two hours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-selected-univariate-distributions-3p4sdcww.png Table 1 Table of selected univariate distributions https://scispace.com/papers/participation-in-labour-market-programmes-a-positive-or-4vcl6ilxqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coding-scheme-rqp4pj8r.png Table 1: Coding Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-employers-reasoning-training-2hb0il3i.png Table 2: Employers’ reasoning Training https://scispace.com/papers/particle-imaging-and-flow-visualization-of-in-situ-tem-3dja2b5u3t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-sketch-of-surface-micromachined-nanoreactor-a-3vytxmgq.png Figure 2. 3D sketch of surface micromachined nanoreactor (a), heavy traffic jam at the inlet during loading using high concentration suspension (b), streamline flow at the inlet during loading using low concentration suspension (c) and the evaporation process (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-cross-section-of-wafer-bonded-nanoreactor-a56l1zg9.png Figure 1. Schematic cross section of wafer bonded nanoreactor (a), bubble formation on the heating area during loading (b) and dried nanoreactor with some particles sit on the heating area (c). https://scispace.com/papers/particle-growth-in-hydrogen-methane-plasmas-4kdwuz7g4s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scanning-electron-microscope-image-of-diamond-3gvf8jpi.png Figure 5. Scanning electron microscope image of diamond particles exposed on the lower electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-particle-number-for-different-s5qc2cck.png Figure 3. Evolution of particle number for different temperatures of the electrodes and gas compositions. The up triangles are for a H2/CH4 mixture (95/5). All other data are for pure methane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-apparatus-the-electrode-diameter-is-10-3f9ecp6m.png Figure 1. Experimental apparatus. The electrode diameter is 10 cm, the electrode distance is 5 cm each. The particle dispenser is normally retracted from the plasma. It is only inserted in the plasma during the introduction of species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scanning-electron-microscope-image-of-delaminated-3p9n8tw5.png Figure 2. Scanning electron microscope image of delaminated particles. https://scispace.com/papers/particulate-matter-prediction-in-both-steady-state-and-3v0xyhooop 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-single-nlarx-structure-training-and-validation-ue0hb6i7.png Figure 18: Single NLARX Structure training and validation results for five inputs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-correlation-results-for-9-input-nlarx-structure-3tquxkk9.png Figure 13: Correlation results for 9 input NLARX structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-random-walk-training-and-validation-part-3urmfs38.png Figure 2: Random walk - Training and validation part distribution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-principal-component-analysis-result-3rre5q1a.png Figure 15 Principal component analysis result https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-single-nlarx-structure-training-and-validation-bo4ktfrh.png Figure 10: Single NLARX structure training and validation correlation results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-illustration-of-regression-of-training-and-314atmtr.png Figure 17: Illustration of regression of training and validation results for six inputs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-three-layer-parallel-nlarx-training-and-validation-143gsrps.png Figure 11: Three-layer parallel NLARX training and validation correlation results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nrtc-test-zyi1rp1l.png Figure 5: NRTC test https://scispace.com/papers/parties-cleavages-and-issue-evolution-the-case-of-the-36kop1fiy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-party-perceptions-on-three-issues-of-morality-2008-3igynuqs.png Table 1: Party Perceptions on Three Issues of Morality (2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-religiosity-on-identification-with-cyx0ffqe.png Table 4: The Effect Religiosity on Identification with Concertación (1) Versus the Alliance (0), Controlling for Regime Preferences (2009) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-attitudes-toward-divorce-on-1v46ebuz.png Table 3: The Effect of Attitudes toward Divorce on Identification between Concertación (1) and the Alliance (0) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-logistic-regression-estimates-of-identification-with-3hfcccip.png Table 2: Logistic Regression Estimates of Identification with Concertactión (1) versus the Alliance (0) https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-workflows-for-decentralized-execution-glntozkzzz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-workflow-definition-syntax-2l6xw3mf.png Fig. 3 Workflow definition syntax https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-astrogrid-scenario-workflow-definition-3pikfi1i.png Fig. 4 AstroGrid scenario workflow definition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-astrogrid-scenario-taverna-representation-workflow-1gzjtsyd.png Fig. 1 AstroGrid scenario—Taverna representation. Workflow inputs are the RA and DEC coordinates, services are represented as rectangles, links correspond to the flow of data between services https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-experiment-1-mean-speedup-b-experiment-2-mean-31ytqcxj.png Fig. 6 (a) Experiment 1—Mean speedup (b) Experiment 2—Mean speedup (c) Experiment 3—Mean speedup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-possible-proxy-configuration-for-the-astrogrid-1eklo42d.png Fig. 5 Possible proxy configuration for the AstroGrid scenario: Edges are directed and show dataflow between proxies. Workflow inputs (RA, DEC) and outputs (WF O), vertex inports and outports are also labelled. For simplicity, tools represents the co-located services SExtractor and XMatcher. Workflow engine and scheduling service not shown https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proxy-architecture-web-services-represented-by-clouds-2lh44uae.png Fig. 2 Proxy architecture: Web services represented by clouds, proxies by circles, the workflow definition and vertex (W,V) by a rounded rectangle https://scispace.com/papers/partitioning-the-impacts-of-streamflow-and-evaporation-44w8x3uen7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-performance-of-the-pareto-approximate-operating-uju6dpfy.png FIG. 5. Performance of the Pareto approximate operating policies evaluated over historical inflows and evaporation rates. Policies PH, PF, PI, and PA represents the best solutions in terms of hydropower production, flood control, water supply for irrigation and for Ahvaz city, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-uncertainty-over-the-three-ensembles-for-1mui2dkr.png FIG. 6. Performance uncertainty over the three ensembles for the single-objective optimal solutions PH, PF, PI, and PA (panels a-b-c-d) and for the entire history-based Pareto approximate set (panels e-f-g-h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dez-and-karoun-rivers-basin-map-panel-a-and-schematic-f72z8mdw.png FIG. 1. Dez and Karoun rivers basin map (panel a) and schematic representation of the main model’s components (panel b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-monthly-water-demand-for-irrigation-in-the-2ycjuqbk.png FIG. 2. Monthly water demand for irrigation in the agricultural districts downstream of Dez reservoir (dashed line) and for the water uses in Ahvaz city (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-probabilistic-trajectories-of-the-storage-in-each-2yzg5yln.png FIG. 7. Probabilistic trajectories of the storage in each reservoir under operating policies PH (best solution in terms of hydropower production, left column) and PA (best solution in terms of water supply to Ahvaz, right column). The probabilities are estimated from the Monte Carlo simulation over the mixed ensemble. A red dashed line represents the storage value at which the spillways are activated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-annual-flow-duration-curves-of-the-inflows-of-dez-a-1auko6pi.png FIG. 3. Annual flow duration curves of the inflows of Dez (a) and Karoun 1 (b) reservoirs. The three historical years are represented in black, the generated stochastic ensemble in gray. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annual-values-of-evaporation-mm-reported-in-the-2yxjbby4.png TABLE 2. Annual values of evaporation [mm] reported in the literature or estimated by different models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-monthly-evaporation-rates-for-dez-a-karoun-1-b-and-30brkzgz.png FIG. 4. Monthly evaporation rates for Dez (a), Karoun 1 (b), and Masjed Soleyman (c) reservoirs. Historical values are represented in black, the generated stochastic ensemble in gray. https://scispace.com/papers/partner-meeting-contexts-and-risky-behavior-in-college-33qj4njfps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-all-hookup-encounters-1ocpia3i.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for All Hookup Encounters: Control Variables Used in Regression Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-random-effects-models-predicting-binge-drinking-1acou0g5.png Table 4. Random Effects Models Predicting Binge Drinking (Women: Four or More Drinks, Men: Five or More Drinks): Odds Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-random-effects-models-predicting-risk-taking-36kdlt59.png Table 3. Random Effects Models Predicting Risk-Taking Activities, Demographic Effects for Full Sample: Odds Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-random-effects-models-predicting-vaginal-or-anal-sex-3v1xeoh9.png Table 6. Random Effects Models Predicting Vaginal or Anal Sex During Encounter: Odds Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-key-outcome-and-predictor-22wbsnin.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics: Key Outcome and Predictor Variables by Gender and Partner’s Gender https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-odds-ratios-from-random-effects-model-predicting-39596x5g.png Table 7. Odds Ratios From Random Effects Model Predicting Vaginal or Anal Sex Without a Condom During Encounter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-partner-familiarity-percent-of-students-who-knew-1aqy0apl.png Figure 1. Partner familiarity (percent of students who knew partner A little bit or somewhat and mean number of prior hookups with that partner) of last hookup partner, by partner meeting context. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-random-effects-models-predicting-marijuana-and-other-ilndqq8m.png Table 5. Random Effects Models Predicting Marijuana and Other Drug Use During Last Hookup Encounter: Odds Ratios https://scispace.com/papers/passive-mode-locking-in-semiconductor-lasers-with-saturable-4uwebdgpwq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-fabricated-device-geometry-28or7jbo.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the fabricated device geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-maps-show-the-fwhm-of-the-iac-pulses-emitted-by-2dz70aea.png Fig. 4. Color maps show the FWHM of the IAC pulses emitted by the SMLLs with intermixed SAs for absorbers whose length is (left) 1% of the cavity length and (right) 2%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-pulses-with-fwhm-of-a-1-4-ps-and-b-35d32ktp.png Fig. 3. Comparison between pulses with FWHM of (a) 1.4 ps and (b) 2.7 ps for a SMLL whose blue-detuned SA is 7% of the total cavity length. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-schematic-of-the-setup-used-to-test-the-obtained-2n8s7fg9.png Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of the setup used to test the obtained bandgap shift and (b) band edge comparison between nonintermixed and intermixed cases for 2 μm wide waveguides. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-maps-show-the-areas-where-the-fwhm-of-the-iac-1yts2bvo.png Fig. 5. Color maps show the areas where the FWHM of the IAC pulses is lower than 2.5 ps for (a) one SMLL with nonintermixed 7% SA and (b) a device with a blue-detuned 7% SA; (c) and (d) show an enlarged section of the maps for currents between 250 and 350 mA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-maps-show-the-tbp-of-the-pulses-for-a-one-smll-22o9uo0m.png Fig. 6. Color maps show the TBP of the pulses for (a) one SMLL with nonintermixed 7% SA and (b) a device with a blue-detuned 7% SA, for currents between 250 and 350 mA. https://scispace.com/papers/party-control-party-competition-and-public-service-2a9w9xrb3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-testing-for-effects-of-changes-in-political-party-22liv4us.png TABLE 2 Testing for Effects of Changes in Political Party Control on Public Service Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-testing-for-effects-of-political-party-control-on-19ioqj9z.png TABLE 1 Testing for Effects of Political Party Control on Public Service Performance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-impact-of-party-control-lagged-1-year-on-the-csp-2a7h5s9b.png Fig. 1. The impact of party control (lagged 1 year) on the CSP depending on the percentage of seats held by the party in control https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-testing-for-effects-of-changes-to-conservative-party-31ebxwce.png TABLE 5 Testing for Effects of Changes to Conservative Party Control, Moderated by Seat Share https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-testing-for-effects-of-political-party-control-on-jv963o3k.png TABLE 4 Testing for Effects of Political Party Control on Public Service Performance, Moderated by Seat Share https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-impact-of-a-change-to-conservative-party-control-gb67rsmy.png Fig. 2. The impact of a change to Conservative party control (lagged 1 year) on the CSP depending on percentage of seats held by the Conservatives upon taking control https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-testing-for-effects-of-changes-to-conservative-party-235kuqtk.png TABLE 3 Testing for Effects of Changes to Conservative Party Control on Public Service Performance https://scispace.com/papers/passivation-of-copper-in-silicon-by-hydrogen-c24px8ml8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-configuration-energies-cd-q-q-in-electron-volts-for-1khnutge.png TABLE IV. Configuration energies Cd q /q in electron volts for isolated copper in silicon. The same remarks about numerical versus real precision as in Table I and Sec. II apply here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-two-views-of-the-c2v-symmetry-copper-1gf1vleb.png FIG. 1. Color online Two views of the C2v symmetry copper monohydride complex in Si. The unique, large atom near the center is Cu; the small atom directly below it is H; all the others are Si. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-two-views-of-the-c1-symmetry-copper-3e2q3b8r.png FIG. 3. Color online Two views of the C1 symmetry copper monohydride complex in Si. The atom identities follow a similar pattern to Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-two-views-of-the-cs-symmetry-copper-23cvkk5a.png FIG. 2. Color online Two views of the Cs symmetry copper monohydride complex in Si. The atom identities follow a similar pattern to Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-summary-of-the-best-estimates-for-the-energies-of-1pth6pna.png TABLE VI. Summary of the “best” estimates for the energies of electrical levels in electron volts for model defects of copper and hydrogen impurities in silicon calculated with respect to pure silicon supercells. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-configuration-energies-cd-q-q-in-electron-volts-for-30to7po5.png TABLE I. Configuration energies Cd q /q in electron volts for silicon supercells without any defect. The quoted precision, while being numerically significant, is probably at least an order of magnitude better than the theoretical approximations provide. This is to guard against propagation of rounding errors in any subsequent reuse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-two-views-of-the-c2-symmetry-copper-11eqqtl3.png FIG. 4. Color online Two views of the C2 symmetry copper dihydride complex in Si. The atom identities follow a similar pattern to Fig. 1 with the largest size atom near the center being Cu, surrounded by Si atoms, except there are now two H atoms attached left and right of the Cu in the left-hand view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-two-views-of-the-cs-symmetry-copper-oqoo32ir.png FIG. 5. Color online Two views of the Cs symmetry copper dihydride complex in Si. The atom identities are again in a similar pattern to those in the previous pictures where the Cu atom is at the center with two small-sized H atoms attached to it. https://scispace.com/papers/pat-3-an-extensible-architecture-for-building-multi-domain-2pqukp9zko 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pat3-system-architecture-344l88f0.png Figure 1: PAT3 System Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-class-diagram-of-pat3-3bfjqsba.png Figure 2: Class Diagram of PAT3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-evaluation-on-pat3s-model-checking-35quo5nw.png Table 1: Performance evaluation on PAT3’s model checking algorithms https://scispace.com/papers/pathology-of-the-superior-colliculus-in-chronic-traumatic-al12tqrtvc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-distribution-of-the-surviving-neurons-across-the-18ocvstj.png Fig 5. The distribution of the surviving neurons across the superior colliculus (SC) in 658 a control brain and a case of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) (Case G). In 659 both cases, variation in density of neurons with distance across the SC was fitted by a 660 third-order (cubic) polynomial. 661 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-section-through-the-superior-colliculus-sc-showing-the-2q8watub.png Fig 1. Section through the superior colliculus (SC) showing the approximate location 630 of the seven laminae (I – VII); PAG = Periaqueductal gray; luxol fast blue in 631 combination with hematoxylin and eosin (LHE), bar = 1 mm. 632 633 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-input-and-output-connections-of-the-various-laminae-of-2591r9nx.png Fig 6. Input and output connections of the various laminae of the superior colliculus 665 (SC) (LGN = Lateral geniculate nucleus). Based on Brodal41 666 667 https://scispace.com/papers/pathway-of-intramolecular-signal-transduction-for-chi-4owan1108r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-models-for-chi-hotspot-control-of-recbcd-enzyme-a-1oz0ts7c.png Fig. 5. Models for Chi hotspot control of RecBCD enzyme. (A) Signal transduction model for RecBCD regulation by Chi 41. (B) Nuclease swing model for Chi’s control of RecBCD 19. Cyan indicates the RecC patch that is differentially sensitive to proteases 19. Grey indicates the RecB nuclease domain and the tether connecting it to the RecB helicase domain; it was positioned by hand in the middle panel (b). (a) Before DNA is bound. (b) After DNA is bound but before Chi is encountered. (c) After Chi is encountered during unwinding. Modified from 19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-for-homologous-recombination-and-dna-break-2yu0256o.png Figure 1. Model for homologous recombination and DNA break repair by RecBCD enzyme and its control by Chi hotspots. (A) Pathway of RecBCD-promoted recombination and DNA break repair 1,23. RecBCD binds a ds DNA end (a) and unwinds the DNA, producing loop-tail structures (b) that are converted into twin-loop structures (c) by annealing of the tails. At Chi, RecBCD nicks the 3'-ended strand (d) and loads RecA (e). The ssDNA-RecA filament invades intact homologous DNA to form a D-loop (f), which can be converted into a Holliday junction and resolved into reciprocal recombinants (g). Alternatively, the 3'-end in the D-loop can prime DNA synthesis and generate a non-reciprocal recombinant (h). See ref. 1 for discussion of alternative models. (B) Atomic structure of RecBCD bound to DNA (PDB 1W36) 14. RecB is orange, RecC blue, and RecD green. Yellow dashed line indicates the RecC tunnel in which Chi is recognized. Cyan indicates the RecC patch with differential trypsin-sensitivity during the RecBCD reaction cycle 19. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contact-points-between-recbcd-subunits-tested-for-a-3jmu12qj.png Figure 2. Contact points between RecBCD subunits tested for a role in Chi hotspot activity. Atomic structures of RecBCD showing contacts between RecB (orange), RecC (blue), and RecD (green); DNA is grey. Points of contact studied here are represented as spheres; the rest of the molecule is represented as cartoons (PyMol version 2.2.0). Note that the RecBRecD contact points are separated by >20 Ǻ in the crystal structure (dotted circle in A) PDB 1W36 14 but are close to each other in the cryoEM structure (solid circle in B) PDB 5LD2 15,29. Note that, conversely, a domain of ~70 amino acids in RecD is ordered in the cryoEM structures but disordered in the crystal structures. (C) Contact point CD. C2 (amino acids QGEW at positions 541 – 544 of RecC) is yellow, and D2 (PTP at positions 97 – 99 of RecD) is red. Shown is part of the crystal structure PDB 1W36. (D) Contact point DB. B3 (DEHAWDVVVEEFD at positions 634 – 646 of RecB) is yellow, and D3 (amino acids SVQPSRLP at positions 521 – 528 of RecD) is red. Shown is part of the cryoEM structure PDB 5LD2. (E) Contact point BC. B4 (amino acids GHGIAQDLMP at positions 913 – 922 of RecB) is yellow, and C4 (amino acids FLPDAETEAA at positions 599 – 608 of RecC) is red. Shown is part of the crystal structure PDB 1W36. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mutants-altered-in-recc-recd-contact-cd-recd-recb-2obqg9wk.png Table 1. Mutants altered in RecC-RecD contact (CD), RecD-RecB contact (DB), and RecBRecC contact (BC) have little or no Chi hotspot activity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-e-coli-hfr-recombination-proficiency-is-positively-nbbavzi4.png Figure 3. E. coli Hfr recombination proficiency is positively correlated with Chi hotspot activity. Red data points are for deletion mutants, blue for substitution mutants, and green for mutants with a substitution and deletion; black point is wild type, and star is recB344. Linear regression lines and the coefficient of determination (R2) are shown. Data are from Tables 1, 2, S1, S2, and S3 and refs 16-18. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-recbcd-contact-point-mutants-retain-dna-unwinding-3l32318v.png Figure 4. RecBCD contact-point mutants retain DNA unwinding activity but have reduced or undetectable cutting of DNA at Chi hotspots. Extracts of recBCD+ (wild type or WT; 0.3, 0.1 or 0.03 μg protein) and the indicated mutants (1, 0.3 or 0.1 μg protein) were assayed for unwinding and cutting of linear pBR322 DNA (4.3 kb long) with or without a Chi site (χ+F225) 1470 bp from the 5’ [32P]-labelled DNA end. Note that the Chi-cut species and ss DNA are reaction intermediates and their observed amount is not necessarily a linear function of enzyme amount. ds substrate (DS), unwound ss DNA (SS), and Chi-cut DNA (Chi) are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recbcd-contact-mutant-enzymatic-and-genetic-1gv39btd.png Table 2. RecBCD contact mutant enzymatic and genetic activities https://scispace.com/papers/pathologic-evaluation-of-skin-tumors-with-ex-vivo-dermoscopy-1hvhzhnou7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-collision-of-a-basal-cell-carcinoma-in-a-259cygve.png Figure 1. Example of Collision of a Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Flat Nevus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-actively-growing-nevus-27i50twn.png Figure 3. Example of Actively Growing Nevus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-amelanoma-2d38qxd8.png Figure 2. Example of aMelanoma https://scispace.com/papers/pathogenesis-of-adult-onset-still-s-disease-new-insights-54mg5u1bzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-sjia-and-aosd-characteristics-7-8-100-3sb025wg.png Table 1 Comparison of sJIA and AOSD characteristics [7, 8, 100] https://scispace.com/papers/patients-preferences-for-nutrition-related-health-outcomes-4rs4453h5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-nutritional-problems-reported-by-51-patients-with-29vvpotz.png Figure 1 Nutritional problems reported by 51 patients with liver disease https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-outcome-preferences-of-51-patients-with-liver-3km3l1s9.png Table 1 Outcome preferences of 51 patients with liver disease, presented in six domains https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-outcome-preference-by-nutritional-35550mv3.png Table 2 Differences in outcome preference by nutritional problem https://scispace.com/papers/patients-with-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-on-tnf-2mogo8fz68 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographical-and-clinical-data-of-patients-with-ju-15s4gotr.png Table 1 Demographical and clinical data of patients with ju https://scispace.com/papers/patients-self-reported-nausea-validation-of-the-numerical-14q4uq6ux7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-of-patients-self-rated-nausea-collected-by-2qiwd140.png Table 2 Frequency of patients’ self-rated nausea, collected by nurses, Measure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-patients-in-no-mild-moderate-and-severe-237f97gk.png Table 3 Frequency of patients in no, mild, moderate and severe nausea, Measure 1 and 2I https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-clinical-data-2ro15bhr.png Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical data https://scispace.com/papers/patterning-of-a-cohesionless-granular-layer-under-pure-shear-1wh1p7pnm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-sketch-of-the-experimental-setup-the-4-314ihy0i.png FIG. 1. (Color online)–Sketch of the experimental setup – The 4 arms of a latex membrane are driven by computercontrolled actuators. At center, arrows show the displacements of the membrane. Pure shear strain is achieved to better than 1% over a surface area of 50 cm2. Inset: typical modulation of shear strain at the free surface [Brass beads, d = (75 − 106) µm, h = 3 mm, θ = 0.14 and RH = 39 %]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-pattern-structure-for-various-h-and-fmoh9cx8.png FIG. 2. (Color online) a) Pattern structure for various h and humidity. RH (σs): 39 % (17 Pa), 74 % (37 Pa), 89 % (144 Pa), scale bar = 1 cm. b) Pattern wavelength, λ, for increasing h at various cohesion (relative humidity, RH). The lines are from Eq. (4) with parameters reported in Table I [Glass beads, d = (0 − 45) µm, ∆θ = 1.5 × 10−3]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-the-experimental-parameters-1orsfnnc.png TABLE II. Summary of the experimental parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-amplitude-d-of-the-modulation-vs-shear-1vu14h73.png FIG. 5. (Color online)–Amplitude < ∆d > of the modulation vs. shear-strain θ – a) RH = 39% and b) RH = 74% [Glass beads, diameter (0-45) µm, ∆θ = 1.5 × 10−3]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-vorticity-fields-oz-for-brass-particles-a-2wxbarmm.png FIG. 6. (Color online)–Vorticity fields ωz for brass particles – a) d = (75 − 106) µm [h = 5 mm, θ = 0.14 and RH = 39 %]. b) Wavelength λ vs. thickness h, ( ) : d = (75 − 106) µm and (◦) : d = (212 − 300) µm. The lines are from Eq. (4) with parameters reported in Table II [Brass beads, ∆θ = 3.6 × 10−3, θ = 0.14 and RH = 39 %]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-pattern-structure-for-various-h-and-2ej1gyk3.png FIG. 3. (Color online) a) Pattern structure for various h and humidity RH (σs): 39 % (0.5Pa), 74 % (0.8Pa), 89 %(1.9Pa), scale bar = 1 cm. b) Wavelength λ for increasing h at various cohesion. The lines are from Eq. (4) with parameters reported in Table I [Glass beads, diameter (150-200) µm, ∆θ = 1.5 × 10−3]. https://scispace.com/papers/patterns-in-random-binary-search-trees-2aw0qea1eq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-correspondence-between-regions-of-the-auxiliary-3uxs7591.png TABLE 1 The Correspondence between Regions of the Auxiliary Variable y and Combinatorial Properties of Pattern Occurrences https://scispace.com/papers/paving-the-way-for-personalised-behaviourally-based-13saqo8vw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-snps-identified-in-ikv9f4rc.png TABLE 2 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPs) (IDENTIFIED IN THE INITIAL SEARCH) WHICH SEEM TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OBESITY AND LINKED WITH RISK BEHAVIOURS (DIET) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-snps-identified-in-2tl9l5g9.png TABLE 1 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPs) (IDENTIFIED IN THE INITIAL SEARCH) WHICH SEEM TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OBESITY AND LINKED WITH RISK BEHAVIOURS (PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, AND CONTROL OF APPETITE) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-snps-identified-in-30m7889c.png TABLE 3 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPs) (IDENTIFIED IN THE HUGENAVIGATOR SEARCH) WHICH SEEM TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OBESITY AND LINKED WITH RISK BEHAVIOURS (PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, DIET, AND MIXED INTERVENTIONS) https://scispace.com/papers/pc2-emic-waves-generated-high-off-the-equator-in-the-dayside-4nw023zpg4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-from-top-first-to-third-panels-dynamic-spectra-of-3drdceax.png Figure 2. From top, first to third panels: dynamic spectra of Pc2 waves observed by the FGM instrument from satellite C1 over 0800–1430 UT on 16 February 2004. The observed wave frequency is always above the local helium cyclotron frequency indicated by the black line. The helium cyclotron frequency at the magnetic equator is marked by the white line. Fourth panel: energetic particle flux distribution for H+ from C1 for the same event. The flux has been integrated over polar and azimuthal directions. Fifth panel: distribution in pitch angle of energetic particle flux for H+ from C1 for the same event. The flux has been integrated over all energy ranges and azimuthal directions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cluster-orbit-track-and-magnetospheric-3gxhcgum.png Figure 1. Cluster orbit track and magnetospheric configuration in the X-Z plane on 16 February 2004 based on calculations from the Tsyganenko [1996] model. Coordinates are shown in the Geocentric Solar Magnetic (GSM) system and in Earth radii. The Pc2 waves were observed in the time interval 0800–1430UT marked by the thick solid line. Universal time in hours is indicated by numbers along the orbit track, and the location of satellite C3 is denoted by black ‘+’ symbols. The tetrahedron symbols represent the formation of the four Cluster satellites, while the distances between the satellites have been enlarged by 10 times. The points with local minimum B field along a field line are marked by black asterisk symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-from-top-first-panel-distribution-of-angles-between-5jlh8fph.png Figure 3. From top, first panel: distribution of angles between the Poynting flux vector of the Pc2 waves and the magnetic field direction during 0800–1430 UT, 16 February 2004. Second to seventh panels: the Poynting flux field aligned component (Sz), its angles with respect to the ambient B field (AnBP), similar to that in the first panel, the x and y components of B field vector, and the x and y components of E field vector of the Pc2 waves during 1350–1400 UT, 16 February 2004. All vectors are in the field aligned coordinate system. The Poynting flux vectors tend to be mainly along the magnetic field direction. https://scispace.com/papers/peculiarities-associated-with-testing-polyetheretherketone-1mx4tv8ttm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-complete-test-assembly-with-constituent-elements-14i9ara4.png Figure 5. Complete test assembly with constituent elements meshed. https://scispace.com/papers/peak-load-pricing-based-planning-for-distribution-networks-1k9ojgaedu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-1cgsn29f.png TABLE V https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-2qe0mtw2.png TABLE VI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-profit-of-the-distribution-utility-for-different-2ncj790p.png Fig. 4. The profit of the distribution utility for different times of investment in distribution network expansion https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-3nhtg4ny.png TABLE IV https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optimal-solution-for-10-years-planning-b-and-c-28w8qx6r.png Fig. 3. Optimal solution for 10 years planning – (b) and (c) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optimal-solution-for-10-years-planning-a-1s7zq05q.png Fig. 2. Optimal solution for 10 years planning – (a) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-test-network-simple-distribution-system-gca7f14f.png Fig. 1. The test network-Simple distribution system https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-branch-characteristics-26ttdhnf.png TABLE I BRANCH CHARACTERISTICS https://scispace.com/papers/peakbagging-in-the-open-cluster-ngc-6819-opening-a-treasure-58ex95yq3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-open-cluster-ngc-6819-as-seen-by-kepler-note-the-2qifl4dq.png Fig. 3 The open cluster NGC 6819 as seen by Kepler. Note the many overlapping targets near the cluster centre even in this relatively uncrowded open cluster. The pixelscale here is 3.98′′. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-key-characteristics-of-past-present-ud1oa40y.png Table 1 Comparison of key characteristics of past, present and future photometric space-missions doing asteroseismology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-panel-measurements-of-average-dn02-n-for-the-sniel5tk.png Fig. 2 Top panel: Measurements of average δν02/∆ν for the cluster stars. Blue points indicate RGB stars, red points indicate RC stars. The solid line indicates a linear fit of δν02 vs. ∆ν of the RGB stars, excluding non-members and overmassive stars. Lower panel: Stellar model tracks showing the same thing, for two different masses. As can be seen the RGB and RC stars separate out. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-the-different-empirical-classes-of-giant-2gb08fqt.png Fig. 1 Examples of the different empirical classes of giant stars in NCG 6819. Spectra have been divided with the fitted background so are here presented in units of signal-to-noise. Top panel: Low RGB star. Middle panel: High RGB star with clean dipole spectra. Bottom panel: Red clump star with complicated oscillation spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/peer-victimization-and-drd4-genotype-influence-problem-1d80boolo9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intercorrelations-among-study-variables-using-3quoujqv.png Table 2 Intercorrelations Among Study Variables, Using Transformed Scores as in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-mixed-model-multilevel-linear-regression-modeling-3f4mpq3v.png Table 9 Mixed Model Multilevel Linear Regression Modeling Parameter Estimates for Best Models (Model 6) Predicting CBCL Externalizing and Internalizing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-variables-used-in-62lsj005.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for Variables Used in Analyses. No DRD4 Group Differences Were Significant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mixed-model-multilevel-linear-regression-modeling-1y63bz8n.png Table 4 Mixed Model Multilevel Linear Regression Modeling Results, with SDQ Internalizing as the Dependent Variable and Physical and Verbal Victimization and DRD4 Genotype, and Their Interactions, as Independent Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interaction-of-drd4-and-verbal-victimization-3db7fxqr.png Figure 1. Interaction of DRD4 and verbal victimization predicting to SDQ externalizing problem behaviors. Variables are plotted without transformation (see Table 1 for means and ranges). The slope for the DRD4-7R group is significant; the slope for the DRD4-no7R group is not. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mixed-model-multilevel-linear-regression-modeling-2uca930f.png Table 7 Mixed Model Multilevel Linear Regression Modeling Results, with CBCL Externalizing as the Dependent Variable and Physical and Verbal Victimization and DRD4 Genotype, and Their Interactions, as Independent Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mixed-model-multilevel-linear-regression-modeling-3dyu9r2o.png Table 6 Mixed Model Multilevel Linear Regression Modeling Parameter Estimates Separately for DRD4-7R and DRD4-no7 Groups to Probe Interaction for SDQ Externalizing https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mixed-model-multilevel-linear-regression-modeling-3ch9jcvv.png Table 3 Mixed Model Multilevel Linear Regression Modeling Results, with SDQ Externalizing as the Dependent Variable and Physical and Verbal Victimization and DRD4 Genotype, and Their Interactions, as Independent Fixed Effects https://scispace.com/papers/peculiarities-of-thermal-expansion-of-quasi-two-dimensional-2itccbj692 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-coefficients-of-linear-thermal-expansion-of-k-bedt-2onw3x1q.png Fig. 5. The coefficients of linear thermal expansion of κ-(BEDT– TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]C1 in the direction of the crystallographic axis (a) (filled circles, this work) and along the (c) axis (open circles) according to [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-elongation-l-l-for-k-bedt-ttf-2cu-n-cn-2-c1-2jwflkpa.png Fig. 4. Relative elongation /l l∆ for κ-(BEDT–TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]C1 sample, open circles is this work, dashed lines correspond to data of [6] (along the three principal axes (a, b, c)). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-studied-single-crystals-k-bedt-ttf-2cu-n-cn-2-c1-under-16u3jdh9.png Fig. 3. Studied single crystals κ-(BEDT–TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]C1 under magnification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-k-bedt-ttf-2x-structure-x-are-anions-ekxm26b4.png Fig. 1. Model of κ-(BEDT–TTF)2X structure, X are anions (insulating layers). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scheme-of-the-low-temperature-part-of-dilatometer-a-2q75n2s1.png Fig. 2. Scheme of the low-temperature part of dilatometer, (a) vacuum cup (1); measuring cell (2); capacitive sensor of small displacements (3); high-frequency generator (4); coaxial feeder (5); micrometer screw (6); swivel rod (7); pumping line (8); thermal switch (9); cold finger with a block of heater and thermometer (10); (b) measuring cell: stock gauge of small displacements (1); sapphire stem tip (2); aluminum lining (3); sapphire sample stage of dilatometer (4); objective table (5); sapphire lens (6); investigated sample (7); sapphire stand of sample stage of dilatometer (8); Teflon centering mandrel (9). https://scispace.com/papers/penalty-function-methods-for-constrained-optimization-with-3jkv6jk2sh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-point-found-by-the-methods-which-consider-the-size-oedmf34z.png Fig. 1. The point found by the methods which consider the size of the violation does not satisfy any constraint, whereas method K complies with one of them https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-upper-bound-for-best-values-of-aga-with-p-0-975-e281-g5ekz9v5.png Table 2. Upper Bound for Best Values of AGα with P=0.975 (/E281) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-xx-su-for-the-experiments-performed-1h0xgaxv.png Table 1. Values of xx σµ , for the experiments performed https://scispace.com/papers/peptide-binding-to-ochratoxin-a-mycotoxin-a-new-approach-in-4203yuih68 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-chemical-structures-of-organic-compounds-studied-in-3j4wwmlt.png Table 1b: Chemical structures of organic compounds studied in HPLC-based peptide binding assays. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-hplc-based-peptide-binding-assays-percentages-of-3bbuxu20.png Table 1b: Chemical structures of organic compounds studied in HPLC-based peptide binding assays. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peptide-binding-assay-percentages-of-peak-area-3tctk3wl.png Table 2: Peptide binding assay. Percentages of peak area depletion are noted. ‘100’ corresponds to 100 % binding of peptide to organic compound. ‘0’ corresponds to a lack of interaction. https://scispace.com/papers/per-antenna-power-distribution-of-a-zero-forcing-beamformed-34sw6k5p1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fraunhofer-approximation-in-a-uniform-linear-array-11hlhnfi.png Fig. 1. Fraunhofer approximation in a uniform linear array antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-ratio-figure-of-merit-as-a-function-of-the-2dg08i2r.png Fig. 5. Power ratio figure-of-merit as a function of the number of elements M and angular separation ψ for different inter-element spacings, (left) d = 0.5λ, (right) dsparse = 1.4λ. https://scispace.com/papers/peptides-of-aminoxy-acids-a-molecular-dynamics-simulation-2g4pu5vg00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-averages-of-interproton-indices-denote-residue-2a3yobge.png Table 3. Averages of Interproton (indices denote residue number) Distances Calculated from the Simulation To Compare with NOE Valuesa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-formula-of-the-aminoxy-acid-tripeptide-a-1ajfyl4n.png Figure 1. Chemical formula of the aminoxy-acid tripeptide (A) and tetrapeptide (B) and atom names (C) used in the definition of the force field parameters in Table 4. The dashed lines indicate so-called charge groups of the GROMOS96 force field.8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-force-field-parameters-for-the-backbone-atoms-in-jzw1mihn.png Table 4. Force Field Parameters for the Backbone Atoms in Aminoxy-Acid Peptides and for the Ester Group at the C-terminusa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-md-simulations-of-the-peptides-of-r-ry7ypxjd.png Table 1. Overview of the MD Simulations of the Peptides of R-Aminoxy Acids (the length is the effective length after skipping the first ns of equilibration) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structures-of-some-central-cluster-members-of-the-3ai2bv1o.png Figure 3. Structures of some central cluster members of the simulations of the trimer in different solvents and at different temperatures with the hydrogen bonds indicated: HB8-1 (green), HB8-2 (blue), HB12-1 (magenta). (A) Superposition of structures belonging to cluster 1 in Tri293, (B) Tri293c cluster 1 (68% HB8-1, 22% HB8-2, 13% both), (C) Tri293c cluster 2 (54% HB8-1, 45% HB8-2, 25% both), (D) Tri293c cluster 11 (62% HB8-1, 0% HB8-2), (E) Tri293c cluster 14 (85% HB12-1), (F) Tri300w cluster 1 (47% HB8-2), (G) Tri300w cluster 2 (82% HB12-1), (H) Tri300w cluster 3 (12% HB8-1), and (J) Tri300w cluster 11 (3% HB8-2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-structures-of-some-central-cluster-members-of-the-3dpbj7zw.png Figure 2. Structures of some central cluster members of the simulation of the tetramer in chloroform at 293 K (Tet293c) with the hydrogen bonds indicated: HB8-1 (green); HB8-2 (blue); HB8-3 (cyan). (A) Superposition of structures belonging to (the most populated) cluster 1, (B) cluster 1 (59% HB8-1, 47% HB8-2, 25% HB8-3), (C) cluster 2 (62% HB8-1, 57% HB8-2, 55% HB8-3), (D) cluster 11 (36% HB8-1, 40% HB8-2, 0% HB8-3), and (E) cluster 14 (42% HB8-1, 0% HB8-2, 40% HB8-3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fraction-of-hydrogen-bonds-in-the-various-2wpprts0.png Table 2. Fraction of Hydrogen Bonds in the Various Simulationsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-backbone-atom-positional-root-mean-square-distance-68vl04fp.png Figure 4. Backbone atom-positional root-mean-square distance (RMSD) of structures in the simulations (taken every 0.05 ns) of the trimer in chloroform from several typical clusters (conformations): (A) Tri293c cluster 1 (black), cluster 2 (magenta), cluster 14 (cyan); (B) Tri340c cluster 1 (black), cluster 2 (magenta). Hydrogen bond monitoring: HB8-1 (green), HB8-2 (blue), HB12-1 (magenta). https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-family-burden-and-emotional-distress-similarities-1eq9ltjimk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-determinants-of-parenting-a-process-model-for-3g7nmvv7.png Fig. 1. Determinants of parenting: a process model for parenting children with diabetes adapted from Belsky’s (1984) determinants of parenting model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-scores-on-the-family-burden-scale-1o94395x.png Table 3. Distribution of scores on the Family Burden Scale items for the mothers (n=103) and fathers (n=97) of 115 children (1-15 years old) with type 1 diabetes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scales-used-in-the-study-including-number-of-items-1di0lt0z.png Table 1 . Scales used in the study including number of items, internal consistency reliability * , sum scores and response scale https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-analysis-included-in-the-study-3g7npega.png Table 2. Statistical analysis included in the study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-study-variables-related-to-the-adapted-belsky-eofb6s8i.png Fig. 2. The study-variables related to the adapted Belsky model for parenting children with diabetes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-reports-of-perceived-social-2tdzknvq.png Table 4. Distribution of reports of perceived social limitation because of a child’s diabetes among the mothers (n=103) and fathers (n=97) of 115 children (1-15 years old) with type 1 diabetes https://scispace.com/papers/per-flow-packet-sampling-for-high-speed-network-monitoring-41isi591b9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pacf-forn1-andn3-lg5mrlm5.png Fig. 8. PACF forn1 andn3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ccdf-of-flow-packet-counts-1gozlzqa.png Fig. 6. CCDF of flow packet counts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-number-of-active-tcp-flows-of-our-reference-trace-2cikhlxs.png Fig. 7. Number of active TCP flows of our reference trace measured sing a 120 s time interval. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-forecast-and-actual-values-ofn1-1yk43b3g.png Fig. 9. Forecast and actual values ofn1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-per-packet-level-of-the-sampling-scheme-2gnb41of.png Fig. 1. Per-packet level of the sampling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-per-window-level-of-the-sampling-scheme-ym6mszzj.png Fig. 2. Per-window level of the sampling scheme. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-number-of-false-positives-measured-and-theoretical-whibl2j8.png Fig. 11. Number of false positives, measured and theoretical. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-estimated-ar-model-parameters-andprediction-mean-27czfxe3.png TABLE I ESTIMATED AR MODEL PARAMETERS ANDPREDICTION MEAN SQUARED ERRORS. https://scispace.com/papers/perceived-stress-by-students-of-the-medical-sciences-in-cuba-9mpej55xd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-educational-characteristics-of-students-of-the-2c3hgvnq.png Table 1. Socio-educational characteristics of students of the medical sciences who participated in the online survey. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-distribution-of-students-according-to-scores-on-the-29jc3i54.png Table 6. Distribution of students according to scores on the 10-item stress perceived scale modified in relation to COVID-19 (EPP-10-C) and stress levels according to the cut-off point ≥ 20. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cluster-analysis-of-k-means-according-to-the-score-luuy07oa.png Table 5. Cluster analysis of K-means according to the score on the scale of stress perceived related to the COVID-19 pandemic (EPP-10-C). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-exploratory-factor-analysis-according-to-the-kaiser-1xd731mn.png Table 3. Exploratory factor analysis according to the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample adequacy measure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reliability-analysis-of-the-10-item-stress-perceived-26oxx7fc.png Table 4. Reliability analysis of the 10-item stress perceived scale modified in relation to COVID19 (EPP-10-C). https://scispace.com/papers/perception-guided-global-illumination-solution-for-animation-4iw3ngske2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-final-settings-for-the-room-scene-animation-25mgnbru.png Table 1: Final settings for the ROOM scene animation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-timings-of-the-indirect-lighting-computation-for-a-37bki2i9.png Table 2: Timings of the indirect lighting computation for a single frame obtained as the average cost per frame for the whole animation. All timings are given in seconds and were measured on a 800 MHz Pentium III processor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-frame-from-the-atrium-sequence-with-sbob23cn.png Figure 8: Example frame from the ATRIUM sequence with temporal processing and spatial filtering for and https://scispace.com/papers/perception-of-dyads-of-impulsive-and-sustained-instrument-3fbaaq2aqm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dendrogram-for-the-cluster-analysis-in-experiment-1-2s3269xe.png Figure 1. dendrogram for the cluster analysis in experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-blend-rating-for-each-dyad-36a6je6h.png Table 2. mean blend rating for each dyad. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-blend-rating-for-the-factor-impulsive-cmthhemp.png Figure 2. mean blend rating for the factor impulsive instruments. The center horizontal line represents the median. The middle two horizontal lines represent the upper and lower limits of the interquartile range. The outer whiskers represent the highest and lowest values that are not outliers. outliers, represented by ‘o’ signs, are values that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-first-axis-of-the-timbre-space-versus-attack-time-1i932b3i.png Figure 5. First axis of the timbre space versus attack time of the dyad. Figure 6. Prediction of similarity ratings using a linear combination of mel log spectra and attack time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dendrogram-for-the-cluster-analysis-in-experiment-2-cfpmrepm.png Figure 3. dendrogram for the cluster analysis in experiment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-dyads-for-experiment-2-and-their-mean-blend-2vm299le.png Table 3. Selected dyads for experiment 2 and Their mean blend ratings from experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-name-family-and-abbreviation-of-the-instruments-used-37xplm62.png Table 1. name, Family and Abbreviation of the instruments used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-timbre-coordinates-along-common-dimensions-and-rd3svhv1.png Table 4. Timbre coordinates Along common dimensions and corresponding Specificities. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-a-nanocolumn-rtd-vco-for-emerging-1auhr91882 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equivalent-circuit-of-the-nano-rtd-vco-large-signal-ieryv7c9.png Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit of the Nano-RTD VCO (large-signal analysis) [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-analytical-and-experimental-i-v-mrmekb4s.png Fig. 2. Comparison of the analytical and experimental I–V curves. Inset: comparison of the analytical and experimental G–V curves. Experimental data extracted from [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-with-state-of-the-art-vcos-in-the-y-band-113j6hlj.png TABLE II COMPARISON WITH STATE-OF-THE-ART VCOS IN THE Y-BAND https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-performance-analysis-of-the-nano-rtd-vco-designed-to-2l4cy5b3.png TABLE I PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE NANO-RTD VCO DESIGNED TO OPERATE IN THE Y-BAND https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-a-50-nm-gaas-alas-1y31im35.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of: (a) 50-nm GaAs/AlAs nanocolumnresonant tunneling diode (Nano-RTD). (b) cross-sectional view of the device with the double-barrier quantum-well (DBQW) structure inside the NanoRTD. Figure adapted from [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-output-voltage-and-current-as-a-function-of-time-2hc68b55.png Fig. 4. (a) Output voltage and current as a function of time obtained numerically. (b) Current-voltage phase space of the Nano-RTD VCO, indicating a stable orbit for Vin = 1.78 V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-oscillation-frequency-and-output-power-of-nano-rtd-vco-z2p0puaq.png Fig. 5. Oscillation frequency and output power of Nano-RTD VCO as a function of series inductance for CD = 8.84 aF and Vin = 1.78 V. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-a-manipulation-task-in-time-delayed-5qxfn38643 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-segmentation-of-a-3d-trajectory-shown-in-three-sunb9195.png Figure 3. Segmentation of a 3D trajectory (shown in three dimensions). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-passivity-based-delay-compensated-peb-teleoperation-1rfnzndi.png Figure 2. Passivity-based, delay-compensated PEB teleoperation system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-effects-of-unilateral-and-bilateral-2u3rd2cs.png Table 1. Summary of the effects of unilateral and bilateral control on task performance metrics (under delay) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-force-histogram-distribution-across-delay-2xhtxvxp.png Figure 8. Force histogram distribution across delay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-sum-of-squared-forces-asosf-across-modality-1hhy63fg.png Figure 7. Average sum of squared forces (ASOSF) across modality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-teleoperated-robot-and-the-peg-hole-setup-a-and-1sl205tn.png Figure 1. The teleoperated robot and the peg/hole setup (a), and the user interface (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-task-completion-times-across-delay-bars-show-18hfdhk6.png Figure 4. Task completion times across delay. Bars show standard error https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-task-completion-times-and-corresponding-normalized-3m54cncg.png Figure 5. Task completion times and corresponding normalized standard errors across modality. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-event-detection-models-in-crowded-3a762n42l5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-drop-of-the-mean-likelihood-from-before-to-after-2p0852p8.png Table 1: Drop of the mean likelihood from before to after block event versus number of states (Q) and number of input feature eigenvectors(J). M = 3 gaussians per state and K = 13 in the model bank after training. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-local-analysis-mean-likelihood-for-q-10-states-j-20-aqgatik3.png Table 4: Local analysis mean likelihood for Q = 10 states, J = 20 eigenvectors, M = 3 gaussians and K = 6 models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-standard-deviation-before-block-event-versus-v2xgfi2g.png Table 2: Mean standard deviation before block event versus number of states (Q) and number of input feature eigenvectors(J). M = 3 gaussians using max model output. K = 13 models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detection-results-for-the-local-analysis-top-drop-1qtyw161.png Figure 4: Detection results for the local analysis. Top, drop person event. Bottom, normal flow. Error bars show one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-emergency-detection-l-and-r-blocks-to-the-135t2ahb.png Figure 3: Local emergency detection. (L) and (R) blocks to the left and right of the event respectively and (E) block where the event occurs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-standard-deviation-after-block-versus-number-of-nj1hgol6.png Table 3: Mean standard deviation after block versus number of states (Q) and number of input feature eigenvectors(J). M = 3 gaussians using max model output. K = 13 models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-local-analysis-standard-deviation-of-likelihood-for-3apz1kkk.png Table 5: Local analysis standard deviation of likelihood for Q = 10 states, J = 20 eigenvectors, M = 3 gaussians and K = 6 models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-eigenflows-for-the-simulated-normal-training-set-3erzcwa0.png Figure 1: Eigenflows for the simulated normal training set (elements in the first eigenvector). https://scispace.com/papers/performance-analysis-of-wireless-mac-protocols-using-a-1vi52iqb9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-overview-of-our-framework-3auan09g.png Fig. 1. An overview of our framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-results-for-scenarios-generated-by-our-2e3d9z0u.png TABLE I SIMULATION RESULTS FOR SCENARIOS GENERATED BY OUR FRAMEWORK FOR IEEE 802.11E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-topologies-used-in-our-simulations-seb6lkn2.png Fig. 10. Topologies used in our simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-topology-model-in-basic-tpc-schemes-w8gl0jwn.png Fig. 11. Topology model in basic TPC schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-worst-case-scenario-in-schemes-without-and-with-tpc-35jptxjl.png Fig. 12. Worst case scenario in schemes without and with TPC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-generation-of-wanted-states-3ipzcjx4.png Fig. 4. Generation of wanted states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detail-components-of-our-framework-24sjepvk.png Fig. 5. Detail components of our framework. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transition-table-of-protocol-p-2urmussh.png Fig. 3. Transition table of protocol P. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-algorithms-for-soft-evidential-1gdh4zli4k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-elementary-table-operations-for-test-6-of-31zs304r.png Fig. 5. Number of elementary table operations for test 6 of the test61 network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-number-of-elementary-table-operations-for-the-28y39dst.png Fig. 6. Average number of elementary table operations for the test71 network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-number-of-elementary-table-operations-for-the-1iheh198.png Fig. 4. Average number of elementary table operations for the test61 network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-number-of-elementary-table-operations-for-test-case-3-2p48cdqg.png Fig. 3. Number of elementary table operations for test case 3 of the alarm network https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-for-test-networks-2sndqys0.png Table 1. Statistics for test networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-number-of-elementary-table-operations-for-the-21z1jmio.png Fig. 7. Average number of elementary table operations for the stud farm network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-number-of-elementary-table-operations-for-the-m4kolyr8.png Fig. 1. Average number of elementary table operations for the alarm network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-propagation-time-for-the-alarm-network-2k3wt21u.png Fig. 2. Average propagation time for the alarm network https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-high-level-language-systems-hwjrnjjbay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2ffnfwxw.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-20rm9h6s.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tji36bz1.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-itlinq-and-flashlinq-for-overlaid-2zw22dsdjm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-channelized-network-realization-under-itlinq-35daeg5x.png Fig. 1: Channelized network realization under ITLinQ. Transmitters and receivers are indicated by ◦ and +, respectively. Links allowed to coexist on the channel of interest are connected by solid lines while other links are not connected. Solid and dashed circles represent the exclusion regions around transmitters and receivers, respectively. In this example, every link has the same distance and hence all exclusion regions are equally sized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-system-spectral-efficiency-v-l-for-optimized-lo47fscy.png Fig. 4: Average system spectral efficiency v. λ for optimized ITLinQ and optimized FlashLinQ with fixed link distances d = 40 m, and with η = 4.5 and PN0B = 117 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-system-spectral-efficiency-v-l-for-optimized-1jtypkqk.png Fig. 5: Average system spectral efficiency v. λ for optimized ITLinQ and optimized FlashLinQ with randomized link distances (equiprobably d1 = 20 m, d2 = 40 m, and d3 = 60 m), and with η = 4.5 and PN0B = 117 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-system-spectral-efficiency-v-d-for-optimized-pjawc41i.png Fig. 3: Average system spectral efficiency v. d for optimized ITLinQ type II with λ→∞, η = 4.5 and PN0B = 117 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-average-system-spectral-efficiency-v-l-for-optimized-ktej9w45.png Fig. 2: Average system spectral efficiency v. λ for optimized ITLinQ type II with d = 20 m and d = 40 m, and with η = 4.5 and PN0B = 117 dB. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-multipath-transport-protocol-in-198123gq6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-blocking-model-illustration-hlyy89qq.png Figure 10. Blocking model illustration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graphical-time-line-view-of-receivers-window-8bk2yijl.png Figure 5. Graphical Time-line View of Receiver’s Window Blocking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-unordered-arrival-of-sack-triggering-spurious-2whtg7r9.png Figure 6. Unordered Arrival of SACK Triggering Spurious Retransmission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-throughput-performance-of-asymmetric-cmt-sctp-data-2vs3ft41.png Figure 8. Throughput Performance of Asymmetric CMT-SCTP Data Transmission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-estimated-smoothed-rtt-in-an-asymmetric-cmt-sctp-2sm8odde.png Figure 7. Estimated Smoothed RTT in an Asymmetric CMT-SCTP Data Transmission https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-illustration-oftblock-ayu652xc.png Figure 11. Illustration ofTblock https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulated-network-topology-2huozuxg.png Figure 1. Simulated Network Topology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-packet-sequence-progression-in-asymmetric-cmt-scp-3vvovewx.png Figure 9. Packet Sequence Progression in Asymmetric CMT-SCP Transmission https://scispace.com/papers/performance-evaluation-of-nitrogen-for-fire-safety-3xxwh9i9ap 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fire-triangle-18-341azpw5.png Figure 1: Fire Triangle [18] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nitrogen-compliance-matrix-2vwunjcb.png Table 2: Nitrogen compliance matrix https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-cfd-ural-s-work-and-cup-burner-19pnrsjz.png Table 4: Comparison between CFD, Ural's work and Cup-burner experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-slice-temperature-of-cup-burner-simulation-at-t-0s-1zmd99f8.png Figure 6: Slice temperature of cup-burner simulation at t= 0s, 5s, 10s, 15s, 16.5s (flame extinction) and 20s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-slice-temperature-of-pool-fire-simulation-at-t-0s-2sm6vbqh.png Figure 8: Slice temperature of pool-fire simulation at t= 0s, 6s, 12s, 18s, 25s (fire suppression) and 30s https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experimental-measurement-oxygen-concentration-and-3j2jlkbz.png Table 3: Experimental measurement (oxygen concentration) and calculated nitrogen concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cup-burner-cfd-model-2bo10kog.png Figure 3: Cup burner CFD model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-agent-odp-gwp-and-atmospheric-lifetime-11-12-3nfipgca.png Table 1: Agent ODP, GWP and Atmospheric lifetime [11] [12] https://scispace.com/papers/performance-measurement-via-random-portfolios-324jcuk91m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scatterplots-of-quarterly-returns-of-the-three-16iaqdc4.png Figure 4: Scatterplots of quarterly returns of the three hypothetical benchmarks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-probability-of-outperformance-by-quarterly-return-1v87dvul.png Figure 5: Probability of outperformance by quarterly return for the three hypothetical benchmarks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-standard-deviation-of-information-ratios-as-3chgyxtw.png Figure 8: The standard deviation of information ratios as volatility and returns are artificially varied (using data from the first quarter of 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-standard-deviations-of-the-information-ratios-of-1au1ayqo.png Figure 7: Standard deviations of the information ratios of random portfolios by quarter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-probability-of-a-positive-information-ratio-by-2amxw4je.png Figure 1: Probability of a positive information ratio by quarter relative to the equally weighted benchmark. Each line represents 500 random portfolios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-distribution-of-p-values-from-the-normal-test-of-2ox6xtl8.png Figure 11: Distribution of p-values from the normal test of information ratios relative to the equally weighted benchmark on portfolios with zero skill. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-us-mutual-funds-outperforming-benchmarks-source-12zhmkf5.png Table 1: US mutual funds outperforming benchmarks. Source: Craig Israelsen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-probability-of-a-positive-information-ratio-by-rurhygoj.png Figure 3: Probability of a positive information ratio by quarter relative to the second random benchmark. Each line represents 500 random portfolios. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-a-neutron-polarimeter-to-measure-the-electric-19es969gfs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectrum-of-scaktered-neutrons-with-side-neutron-3mbgt9c4.png Figure 2. Spectrum of scaktered neutrons with side- Neutron Energy (MeV) ways polarization of the incident neutrons to the left. In panel (a) the neutrons axe scattered to the bot- 4000 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectrum-of-scattered-neutrons-with-sideways-1a4j0kdp.png Figure 1. Spectrum of scattered neutrons with sideways polarization of the incident neutrons to the right. In panel (a) the neutrons are scattered to the top detectors; and in panel (b) the neutrons are scattered to the bottom detectors. https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-exchange-listed-lodging-firms-during-the-2m5hltlid6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-on-return-on-assets-for-all-1ysm5swr.png Table 2 Descriptive Statistics on Return on Assets for all Lodgng Firms for Years 1977-1995 https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-high-accuracy-pde-solvers-on-a-self-15cft82nfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-thread-matched-wildfire-configuration-3-speedups-3kvdb38h.png Fig. 5. Thread-matched WildFire configuration (3) speedups https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-for-a-2048x-2048-grid-using-24-threads-2o8i8s7l.png Fig. 3. Results for a 2048× 2048 grid using 24 threads https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-speedup-for-different-configurations-compared-to-358vsivf.png Fig. 4. The speedup for different configurations, compared to the execution time of a single thread. The grid size is 2048× 2048 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-single-convolution-computation-for-a-2d-problem-2gsrm397.png Fig. 1. A single convolution computation for a 2D problem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-nxn-matrix-z-consists-of-the-blocks-z1-z2-z3-and-3k3ps0ss.png Fig. 2. The n×n matrix z consists of the blocks z1, z2, z3 and z4. If the data is evenly distributed between the two SMP nodes, the z2 and z3 block will travel across the WFI when the matrix transpose is applied https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-constant-quality-video-applications-using-the-59yy4t3qm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quality-of-video-applications-using-dccp-ccid-3-on-fx4ygleg.png Figure 1. Quality of video applications using DCCP/CCID-3 on a DSL link https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-the-l2c-civil-gps-signal-under-various-1j9cotoz9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-daily-multipath-rms-in-meters-horizontal-axis-denotes-1406q1us.png Fig. 5 Daily multipath RMS (in meters). Horizontal axis denotes satellites PRN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-number-of-satellites-with-l2c-tracked-at-stations-palm-1bo91z2z.png Fig. 7 Number of satellites with L2C tracked at stations PALM, PRU1, SJCU and MAC2. Horizontal axis is UTC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scintillation-indices-s4-and-phi60-for-l2c-horizontal-3w0lw8so.png Fig. 2 Scintillation indices S4 and Phi60 for L2C. Horizontal axis is UTC https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-daily-rms-of-kinematic-ppp-and-improvements-using-1eh6x0c8.png Table 4 Daily RMS of kinematic PPP and improvements using ionospheric-free code and phase observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-kinematic-ppp-daily-rms-for-p2-l2c-and-p2-p-yd-th-33ysaczv.png Table 3 Kinematic PPP daily RMS for P2;L2C and P2;P Yð Þ solutions using ionospheric-free code observables https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coordinate-errors-meters-in-the-ppp-processing-using-bbpbudeb.png Fig. 8 Coordinate errors (meters) in the PPP processing using ionospheric-free code and phase observables. Horizontal axis is UTC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lock-time-seconds-and-s4-for-l2c-at-pru1-for-doy-329-245mbt9w.png Fig. 4 Lock time (seconds) and S4 for L2C at PRU1 for DOY 329. Horizontal axis is UTC https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lock-times-seconds-for-l1c-a-and-l2c-horizontal-axis-2iiiczvh.png Fig. 3 Lock times (seconds) for L1C/A and L2C. Horizontal axis is UTC https://scispace.com/papers/performance-of-upfd-scheme-under-some-different-regimes-of-3kgxjbag6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-errors-obtained-from-upfd-scheme-at-some-different-3jn4nte6.png Table 1: Errors obtained from UPFD scheme at some different values of k with h = 0.1, a = 1, D = 1 and κ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-errors-obtained-from-upfd-scheme-at-some-different-3nnacaiq.png Table 2: Errors obtained from UPFD scheme at some different values of k with h = 0.2, a = 1, D = 1 and κ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-relative-errors-obtained-from-upfd-scheme-using-k-0-3t018w8l.png Table 7: Relative errors obtained from UPFD scheme using k = 0.00025, h = 0.1, a = 10, D = 1 and κ = 1 at time t = 0.85. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-profiles-of-numerical-solution-in-red-exact-1hrlerbj.png Figure 3: Profiles of numerical solution (in red), exact solution (in blue) at time t = 0.85, initial solution (in green) using UPFD at a = 5, D = 1, κ = 1 with h = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-errors-obtained-from-upfd-scheme-at-some-different-1mi12g4v.png Table 10: Errors obtained from UPFD scheme at some different values of k with h = 0.1, a = 1, D = 1 and κ = 5 at time, t = 0.85. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-profiles-of-numerical-solution-in-red-exact-1m7s3zz2.png Figure 7: Profiles of numerical solution (in red), exact solution (in blue) at time, t = 0.85 and initial solution (in green) using UPFD scheme at a = 1, D = 1, κ = 5 with h = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-absolute-and-relative-errors-obtained-from-upfd-1n66xr73.png Table 4: Absolute and relative errors obtained from UPFD scheme using k = 0.001 with h = 0.1, a = 1, D = 1 and κ = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-absolute-and-relative-errors-obtained-from-upfd-3hgbs7a3.png Table 3: Absolute and relative errors obtained from UPFD scheme using k = 0.00025 with h = 0.1, a = 1, D = 1 and κ = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma-unspecified-ptcl-u-a-new-36t3eg0jya 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-histologic-ptcl-u-subtypes-8hfcug3z.png Table 1. Histologic PTCL-U subtypes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-treatment-strategies-3twp1vna.png Table 2. Treatment strategies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-os-according-to-2-class-simplified-pit-crosses-mark-25kxpdzp.png Figure 4. OS according to 2-class, simplified, PIT. Crosses mark censored cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-clinical-parameters-influencing-survival-in-3albznu3.png Table 6. Clinical parameters influencing survival in multivariate analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-os-according-to-ipi-crosses-mark-censored-cases-29uw84od.png Figure 3. OS according to IPI. Crosses mark censored cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-clinical-parameters-influencing-survival-in-1er8py2c.png Table 5. Clinical parameters influencing survival in univariate analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-os-according-to-the-proposed-prognostic-index-for-gl6hzri0.png Figure 2. OS according to the proposed Prognostic Index for PTCL-U patients (PIT). Crosses mark censored cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sites-involved-in-281-patients-with-extranodal-a0ec3sz8.png Table 4. Sites involved in 281 patients with extranodal involvement https://scispace.com/papers/permanent-night-workers-sleep-and-psychosocial-factors-in-2mut7mh61v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-characteristics-of-the-employees-3iwzd5vi.png Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the employees according to working time regime. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-psychosocial-factors-at-work-and-facing-violence-in-punquqbs.png Table 2. Psychosocial factors at work and facing violence in different working time regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-of-the-selection-of-the-study-3fq3km4h.png Figure 1. Flow chart of the selection of the study participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-self-reported-sleep-disturbances-during-past-4-2ghw6z6w.png Figure 2. Self-reported sleep disturbances during past 4 weeks at least 2–4 times per week. Adjusted for age, sex, level of education, perceived health and overall stressfulness of the life situation. https://scispace.com/papers/periostin-in-cardiovascular-disease-and-development-a-tale-3zlz658otm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-9-general-structure-of-ajuba-family-proteins-1lpyds5p.png Figure 1.9: General structure of AJUBA Family proteins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-a-comparison-of-yap-and-taz-protein-structure-3s8fp9yx.png Figure 1.6: A comparison of YAP and TAZ protein structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-list-of-primer-pairs-used-in-quantitative-pcr-3ju7xdks.png Table 3.1: List of primer pairs used in quantitative PCR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-2-overlap-analysis-of-the-ski-interactomes-38x46c2q.png Figure C.2: Overlap analysis of the SKI interactomes identified in HEK 293A cells vs. primary human cardiac fibroblasts. The SKI interactome in immortalized HEK 293A cells is two-fold greater than in primary human cardiac fibroblasts. Three candidates were similarly identified between the two interactomes: Suppression of Tumorigenicity 13 (ST13), Nuclear receptor Co-Repressor 1 (NCoR1), and Protein transport protein SEC16A. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-ski-superfamily-of-proteins-1sm3fknx.png Table 1.1: SKI Superfamily of proteins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-7-human-ski-protein-structure-2hi54kse.png Figure 1.7: Human SKI protein structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-1-taz-knockdown-eliminates-expression-of-eda-fn-in-2rmjij7p.png Figure B.1: Taz knockdown eliminates expression of EDA-Fn in primary cardiac myofibroblasts. Primary rat cardiac myofibroblasts (P1, cultured on plastic) were treated with 50 nM siRNA pools targeting Taz or non-targeting control for 24 hours, followed by infection with AdHA-SKI for another 36 hours. Whole cell lysates were probed for myofibroblast markers, EDA-Fn and αSMA by immunoblotting. Data displayed as the mean ± SD, and is representative of n=3 biological replicates. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, when compared to Ad-LacZ + Scr controls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-the-ski-interactome-in-hek293a-isolated-from-2vcfy1rb.png Figure C.1: The SKI interactome in HEK293A isolated from cells. Whole cells lysates from HEK 293A cells overexpressing BioID2-SKI were subject to streptavidin-mediated affinity capture of biotinylated proteins, which were then identified by Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry. Potential interactors were scored using the SAINT express algorithm, and visualized using Cytoscape. Nodes labelled in red indicate known (i.e. published) SKI interactors; edge thickness indicates fold-change enrichment compared to untreated controls. Graphic was generated using n = 2 biological replicates from two different cell passages. https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-musculoskeletal-pain-and-productive-employment-a-4cxcuzod5w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-risk-of-bias-320l5bd3.png Table 2: Summary of risk of bias https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-findings-grade-impact-statements-2c0gx2cp.png Table 3: Summary of findings GRADE Impact statements https://scispace.com/papers/persistent-organic-pollutants-in-four-bivalve-species-from-2ygqlqi04t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-age-years-and-size-shell-length-pjvlo82j.png Fig. 3. Relationship between age (years) and size (shell length, mm) in the bivalves Mya truncata (a), Serripes groenlandicus (b), Hiatella arctica (c) and Chlamys islandica (d) with superimposed von Bertalanffy growth curves, except for H. arctica, where age and size are not significantly related. The coefficient of determination (r2) is presented in the corresponding figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sampling-locations-in-north-west-svalbard-black-dots-1tgxncrl.png Fig. 1. Sampling locations in north-west Svalbard. Black dots indicate the dive locations in Kongsfjorden, Liefdefjorden and Sjuøyane, 2009 (source: Anders Skoglund, NPI). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-contribution-of-the-mean-concentration-of-the-2emd26wm.png Fig. 4. Relative contribution of the mean concentration of the organochlorine groups (a-HCH, P CHLOR, P PCB) to the total concentration of OCs ( P OC) in Mya truncata (MT), Serripes groenlandicus (SG), Hiatella arctica (HA) and Chlamys islandica (CI), displaying the respective proportion (%) above the bars. Samples from Kongsfjorden, Liefdefjorden and Sjuøyane are included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ordination-diagram-from-principle-component-analysis-30hi2hpl.png Fig. 5. Ordination diagram from principle component analysis (PCA) of logarithmically transformed organochlorine compound (OC) concentrations. Arrow indicates the individual OCs (black) and the continuous variable size (grey). Symbols represent the average sample score identified by age (star), location (circle) and bivalve species (triangle). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-concentration-ng-g-1-lipid-weight-lw-of-a-hch-a-p-jh467e9a.png Fig. 6. Mean concentration (ng g 1 lipid weight [lw]) of a-HCH (a), P CHLOR (b), andP PCB (c) in Mya truncata (MT), Serripes groenlandicus (SG), Hiatella arctica (HA), and Chlamys islandica (CI) from Kongsfjorden (KF; white box), Liefdefjorden (LF; light-grey box) and Sjuøyane (SJ; dark-grey box). Median values (thick line), first and third quartiles (box) and range (whiskers) are depicted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stable-isotopes-d13c-d15n-in-samples-n-of-four-1mmmke9s.png Table 1 Stable isotopes (d13C, d15N) in samples (n) of four bivalve species from Svalbard shown as mean SE (&). Trophic levels (TL) are calculated by TL ¼ (d15Nconsumer e d15NPOM/ 3.4) þ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-sd-and-range-of-shell-length-mm-for-the-four-107twui4.png Table 2 Mean ( SD) and range of shell length (mm) for the four bivalves at locations in Svalbard presented together with the number of samples (n) for the species and locations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-organochlorine-compounds-ocs-and-the-sum-values-p-1tzhebyf.png Table 3 Organochlorine compounds (OCs) and the sum values ( P CHLOR and P PCB) detected in four bivalve species from Svalbard are presented as mean concentration SD and range (concentrations in ng g 1 lipidweight). EOM¼ extractable organic matter. The total number of samples analyzed for the species is present in brackets in the header of the table whereas the number of samples detected above the limit of detection is shown in columns (n). OCs not detected (n.d.) are indicated for the bivalve species. https://scispace.com/papers/personal-non-life-insurance-decisions-and-the-welfare-loss-337fyhfzk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-for-a-linear-pricing-measure-function-2rfk8jxa.png Figure 3: For a linear pricing measure function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-loss-function-for-b3-3g0725cz.png Figure 5: Loss function for β3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-for-a-constant-pricing-measure-function-z1edhud0.png Figure 1: For a constant pricing measure function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-for-a-log-linear-pricing-measure-function-elp7w0o1.png Figure 2: For a log-linear pricing measure function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-loss-function-for-b2-23z4okdh.png Figure 4: Loss function for β2 https://scispace.com/papers/personality-interpersonal-disagreement-and-electoral-9z2vp5n31c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-first-look-at-treatment-effects-campaign-7n9qpfeb.png Table 2. A First Look at Treatment Effects, Campaign Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-personality-disagreement-and-depth-of-search-rv6tmq1b.png Figure 1. Personality, disagreement, and depth of search (campaign experiment). Panel A shows how extroversion moderates, panel B shows how openness moderates, and panel C shows how agreeableness moderates. Two pieces of information are shown below the x-axis. The first is the z-score of the marginal effect at that value of personality measure. The second—beneath the z-scores—is a histogram showing the distribution of the personality measure. We are not showing traditional confidence intervals as we are evaluating the effects with one-tailed tests (see table 4); in the interest of allowing the reader to evaluate significance levels for herself, we present the plots (notably, none of the lines are flat), the z-scores at different levels of the conditioning variable (i.e., the personality item) and the distribution of the raw data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-personality-disagreement-and-interest-in-2ov14o4g.png Figure 2. Personality, disagreement, and “interest in information” (2008–2009 ANES). Panel A shows how extroversion moderates, panel B shows how openness moderates, and panel C shows how agreeableness moderates. Two pieces of information are shown below the x-axis. The first is the z-score of the marginal effect at that value of personality measure. The second—beneath the z-scores—is a histogram showing the distribution of the personality measure. We are not showing traditional confidence intervals as we are evaluating the effects with one-tailed tests (see table 4); in the interest of allowing the reader to evaluate significance levels for herself, we present the plots (notably, none of the lines are flat), the z-scores at different levels of the conditioning variable (i.e., the personality item), and the distribution of the raw data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-disagreement-and-the-moderating-effects-of-1g7m60lb.png Table 4. Disagreement and the Moderating Effects of Personality Traits, 2008–2009 ANES https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-disagree-agree-prime-personality-and-depth-of-search-2mxd93g5.png Table 3. Disagree/Agree Prime, Personality, and Depth of Search, Campaign Experiment https://scispace.com/papers/personalized-and-focused-web-spiders-14npayur0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-3-spreadingactivation-startingwith-a-setof-seedurls-2wv9oiwq.png Fig. 10.3.Spreadingactivation: Startingwith a setof seedURLs, the Hopfield Net Spider activatesneighboring URLs,combinesweightedlinks, anddeterminestheweightsof newly discoverednodes.Nodeswith a low weight(e.g.,node7 andnode24) arediscarded https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-1-pagerankandhits-thepagerankscoreof-a-pageo-depends-54jdvcx3.png Fig. 10.1.PageRankandHITS: ThePageRankscoreof a pageó depends on thePageRank scoresof pagespointingto p (q to q ). In theHITS algorithm,theAuthority scoreof a page depends on the Hub scoresof pagespointing to p (q to q ); the Hub scoreof a pagep dependson theAuthority scoresof thepagesp is pointingto (r to r ) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-2-architectureof-ci-spiderandmetaspider-2v54pm4q.png Fig. 10.2.Architectureof CI SpiderandMetaSpider https://scispace.com/papers/personalizing-moral-reframing-in-interpersonal-conversation-ywvantwot2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-canvass-on-abortion-attitudes-2mtz445z.png Figure 1: Effect of Canvass on Abortion Attitudes https://scispace.com/papers/perspective-new-service-development-how-the-field-developed-hom60awnvk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-journals-publishing-new-service-development-3dg45cl4.png Table 1. Journals Publishing New Service Development Researcha https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-high-impact-articles-for-three-time-periodsa-8dau6htk.png Table 5. High-Impact Articles for Three Time Periodsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-different-content-across-researcher-networks-fq7v1n5y.png Figure 3. Different Content across Researcher Networks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-swedish-swiss-researcher-network-33-coauthors-3pd8p362.png Figure 2. The Swedish/Swiss Researcher Network (33 Coauthors, 25 Articles) The size of the boxes (nodes) indicates how many articles each author has in the network. The Swedish network is Edvardsson and everyone to his left. The Swiss network is Gebauer and everyone to his right, except Lightfoot. Lightfoot, Perks, and Syson are from the United Kingdom, and Paiolo is Italian. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-new-service-development-topics-per-type-of-journala-2xne12ol.png Table 3. New Service Development Topics Per Type of Journala https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-research-methodologya-1bywjg0z.png Table 6. Research Methodologya https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-key-researchers-publishing-new-service-development-3mbfp5s4.png Table 4. Key Researchers Publishing New Service Development Researcha https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-empirical-new-service-development-nsd-10vyf3b9.png Figure 1. Number of Empirical New Service Development (NSD) Studies Per Yeara a Including the multiple articles based on the same dataset (n = 230). https://scispace.com/papers/personality-may-influence-behavioral-response-to-cannabis-1ih3xupbad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-acute-effect-of-forced-swim-test-fst-with-total-2aiyctak.png Figure 4. Acute effect of Forced Swim Test (FST) with total immobility time (seconds) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-condition-place-preference-cpp-drug-paired-delta-time-ejfy15ub.png Fig. 3. Condition Place Preference (CPP) drug-paired delta time (two-way ANOVA wi Tukey's post hoc analysis, treatment effect F(1,32)=6.801, P<0.05; mouse population effe F(1,32) = 2.001, P = 0.17; interaction F(1,32) = 6.924, P < 0.05; n = 9–10 mice/group), *P 0.05, data are presented as delta ± SEM. 3.3 Exposure to THC differentially altered Dom and Sub mice behavior in the FST test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-serum-cort-concentration-following-acute-stress-and-fhtyhdu2.png Figure 5. Serum CORT concentration following acute stress and second CPP test (two-wa ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc analysis, treatment effect F(2,24)=18.21, P<0.0001; mou population effect F(1,24) = 0.97, P=0.33; interaction F(2,24) = 0.6187 P=0.54; n = mice/group; *P<0.05, **P<0.05, data are presented as delta ± SEM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dominant-submissive-relationship-dsr-test-two-way-2gs63e7g.png Fig. 2. Dominant-Submissive Relationship (DSR) Test. (two-way ANOVA with Bonferro post hoc analysis, time effect F(1,32)=19.48, P<0.0001; mouse population effect F(1,8) = 265. P<0.0001; interaction F(3,24) = 9.738, P<0.0001; n = 5 mice/group), ***P < 0.001, data a presented as delta ± SEM. 3.2 Dom and Sub mice differentially responded to THC exposure in the CPP test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-behavioral-assessment-and-treatment-scheme-rs-3ny84bp4.png Fig. 1. Behavioral assessment and treatment scheme. (RS: restraint stress; TST: tailsuspension test; FST: forced swim test) https://scispace.com/papers/perspectives-on-the-volunteering-legacy-of-the-london-2012-g4dq5pabdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-event-legacy-stakeholder-engagement-matrix-3qvxznqk.png Figure 1. Event legacy stakeholder engagement matrix. https://scispace.com/papers/perspective-shape-from-shading-ambiguity-analysis-and-4ra9ky0zpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generalized-concave-convex-ambiguity-all-the-c9dmixlz.png Figure 2: Generalized concave/convex ambiguity. All the surfaces drawn in red solid line, which are circularly-symmetric around the optical axis Cz, have the same image with uniform greylevel I ≡ 1 as the hemisphere Σ shown in (a), according to the perspective shape-from-shading model with point light source at the optical center and light attenuation: (b), (c) and (d) show three surfaces Σ7π/8, Σπ and Σ9π/8 among the continuous family {Σθ0}θ0∈[3π/4,5π/4]; (e) and (f) show two other surfaces Σ′7π/8 and Σ′′7π/8 that can be constructed by joining Σ7π/8 to Σ: Σ ′ 7π/8 is of class C 1, whereas Σ′′7π/8 is differentiable everywhere except in its intersection with the optical axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-input-image-b-input-surface-reversed-c-13qsz1kr.png Figure 9: (a) Input image, (b) input surface (reversed), (c) reconstructed surface by a direct application of the PSFS scheme (state constraint b.c.), (d) reconstructed surface after segmentation (state constraint b.c.). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-notations-for-the-perspective-sfs-model-with-point-2x5frx42.png Figure 1: Notations for the perspective SFS model with point light source at optical center. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-errors-for-the-test-described-in-section-5-g30v9uqa.png Table 1: Errors for the test described in Section 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-numerical-outcome-for-a-case-similar-to-that-3jn2lfw2.png Figure 6: Numerical outcome for a case similar to that described in Fig. 4-c. First column: exact u, Σ and I. Second column: approximate u, Σ and I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-viscosity-solution-and-b-some-weak-solutions-of-26qxeih2.png Figure 3: (a) Viscosity solution and (b) some weak solutions of the eikonal equation (21). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-numerical-outcome-for-a-case-similar-to-that-1ugd018t.png Figure 7: Numerical outcome for a case similar to that described in Fig. 4-d. First column: exact u, Σ and I. Second column: approximate u, Σ and I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-some-reconstructed-surfaces-with-constant-2vt1b759.png Figure 5: Some reconstructed surfaces with constant brightness function. (a) with state constraints boundary conditions (convergence is reached in one iteration), (b) with Dirichlet boundary conditions, (c) with state constraints boundary conditions and a specific value imposed at the center, and (d) with mixed state constraints and Dirichlet boundary conditions, and a specific value imposed inside the domain. These surfaces can be compared with those in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/pervasive-artifacts-revealed-from-magnetometry-measurements-2llek4z35s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-picture-of-the-sample-holder-used-during-the-13nktdzy.png FIG. 1. (a) Picture of the sample holder used during the sputtering process together with schematics of two different sample configurations: no mask—in which the entire substrate is exposed to the incoming flux and mask—in which a circular mask allows for only a fraction of the top surface to be exposed; also visible are two larger substrates (6 6 mm2) from where smaller-size samples were cut. (b) Background measurement (including a Si substrate) at 300 and 100 K for the out-of-plane holder used in all VSM measurements; the inset shows a zoom-in to emphasize the absence of hysteresis for small fields. https://scispace.com/papers/petminer-a-visual-analysis-tool-for-petrophysical-properties-hur2fovnkf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-using-images-to-explain-outliers-the-2qfw106x.png Figure 5: Example of using images to explain outliers. The plot (left) shows porosity vs. permeability (RCAmeasures), with images as data points. The callout (right) shows the SEM image of a data point with a suspiciously high permeability for its porosity. The top right of this SEM shows that the core has been damaged during extraction from the well, producing dilated grain boundaries which enhance flow through the damaged region of the sample and artificially increase the sample’s permeability measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-number-of-rca-and-sca-fields-in-the-1oe9bta9.png Table 1: Summary of the number of RCA and SCA fields in the PETGAS database at the end of the evaluation period. There were 240 samples. Array data contained up to 10 measures per sample. The categorical fields (e.g., rock type) were defined separately from the RCA and SCA tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-permeability-rca-plotted-against-porosity-rca-with-i2d3hr0v.png Figure 2: Permeability (RCA) plotted against porosity (RCA), with images used as data points. Three images at the top of the plot have been moved by the user. Arrows are used to link the moved images to their original locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-outlier-removal-to-improve-model-2snfhjnq.png Figure 6: Example of outlier removal to improve model generation: (a) Initial Porosity vs. Permeability plot (RCA measures), with regression line and equation. (b) Same plot with an outlier (i) removed (damaged sample). (c) Same plot with outlier groups (ii) and (iii) removed (damaged samples). Plot (a) is reproduced with images as data points in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-derived-measures-in-petminer-the-image-on-the-left-2y1a4mwm.png Figure 3: Derived measures in PETMiner. The image on the left plots the calculated Schlumberger Doll Research (SDR) Permeability against measured permeability (Kg at in situ stress) (RCA measures) and calculates a fitted line. The image on the right plots the residual of the line’s equation against the Archie cementation exponent (m), an SCA measure. https://scispace.com/papers/pervasive-information-gathering-and-data-mining-for-3i9c8ocz1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-customer-survey-and-satisfaction-tracking-employing-2badk28n.png Figure 3. Customer survey and satisfaction tracking employing facial analysis applied to the future of hotels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-paradigm-user-activity-and-satisfaction-is-3mzf3psh.png Figure 1. Proposed paradigm: User activity and satisfaction is automatically monitored on-premises. Data mining identify correlation with online/social user activity like Facebook, Twitter, and TripAdvisor giving feedback to business administration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-customer-tracking-and-localization-for-personalized-140af1q0.png Figure 2. Customer tracking and localization for personalized services provision. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-data-mining-structure-for-efficient-business-1e98ppj2.png Figure 4. (a) Data mining structure for efficient business administration adapted from Chapman et al. (1999) including social media interaction, online and on-site activity tracking and (b) hotel implementation example. https://scispace.com/papers/pex4fun-a-web-based-environment-for-educational-gaming-via-56843e5tx5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-workflow-of-creating-and-playing-a-coding-duel-2gzt93ki.png Fig. 2. The workflow of creating and playing a coding duel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-user-interface-of-the-pex4fun-website-wszh47sh.png Fig. 1. The user interface of the Pex4Fun website https://scispace.com/papers/pharmacokinetic-study-of-intravenously-administered-21lqxqqy3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physicochemical-characteristics-of-art-loaded-1a1btujy.png Table 1 Physicochemical characteristics of ART-loaded surface-decorated γ-CD-C10 nanospheres and nanoreservoirs (mean ± SD, n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tem-and-cryo-tem-images-of-negatively-stained-a-b-9mdyz8qd.png Figure 1. TEM and cryo-TEM images of negatively stained (A,B) and ice-embedded (C,D) ART-loaded polysorbate 80/-CD-C10 nanoreservoirs (A,C) and ART-loaded DMPE-mPEG2000/γ-CD-C10 nanospheres (B,D). Bars: 200 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-particle-sizes-of-art-loaded-polysorbate-80-cd-25tp58d1.png Figure 2. Mean particle sizes of ART-loaded polysorbate 80/-CD-C10 nanoreservoirs and ART-loaded DMPEmPEG2000/γ-CD-C10 nanospheres after 24 months storage at ambient temperature and after 48 h in 0.09% NaCl or PBS pH 7.4 solutions (mean ± SD, n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pharmacokinetic-parameters-of-artemisinin-after-205bgz7w.png Table 2. Pharmacokinetic parameters of artemisinin after intravenous administration of ART-loaded polysorbate 80/- CD-C10 nanoreservoirs (2 mg.kg -1 ), ART-loaded DMPE-mPEG2000/-CD-C10 nanospheres (1.5 mg.kg -1 ) and ART solution in 10% ethanol. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-2-report-mercury-behavior-in-the-defense-waste-3d2nwvswxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-ogct-condensate-data-for-batches-735-736-and-738-35hq1vyx.png Figure 19 – OGCT Condensate Data for Batches 735, 736, and 738 Analyzed by the DWPF Laboratory; mg/L and kg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-overview-of-the-melter-vapor-and-liquid-flow-paths-20fhmm73.png Figure 10 – Overview of the Melter Vapor and Liquid Flow Paths https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-volumes-density-and-lims-numbers-for-the-smect-8unu97lw.png Table 12 – Volumes, Density, and LIMS Numbers for the SMECT Samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-pictures-of-a-control-unit-for-operating-the-2e3ihx83.png Figure 11 – Pictures of (a) Control Unit for Operating the Mobile CPC Mercury Pump, (b) MWWT Mercury Pump and (c) DWPF Mercury Purification Cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-rct-condensate-data-for-batches-a-735-total-b-735-y6tbyeph.png Figure 21 - RCT Condensate Data for Batches (a) 735-Total, (b) 735- Soluble, (c) 736 - Total, and (d) 738 – Total Analyzed by the DWPF Laboratory; mg/L and kgs https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-dwpf-sample-designations-descriptions-and-shipment-lma9vlkw.png Table 7 - DWPF Sample Designations, Descriptions, and Shipment Designations, as Well as Eurofins FGS Shipment Numbers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overview-drawing-process-vessel-vent-pvv-and-the-3iswhc52.png Figure 6 – Overview Drawing Process Vessel Vent (PVV) and the Mercury Transfer Header https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-distribution-of-total-mercury-elemental-basis-for-2fhuj2pr.png Figure 13 – Distribution of Total Mercury (Elemental Basis) for Coupled Operation in DWPF; a) ARP/MCU operation b) SWPF Operation https://scispace.com/papers/phase-behavior-of-a-pd-cu-bimetallic-catalyst-during-1x99q4kxx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-principal-component-analysis-for-1-pd-o-5-cu-k1-21azx2ji.png Table 1. Principal component analysis for 1 %Pd-O.5%Cu/K1-zeolite catalyst. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concentration-profiles-along-the-reduction-1h6a6dzy.png Figure 1: Concentration profiles along the reduction coordinate. Fig. 2: Predicted Cu K-edge pure components. Open symbols, Pd K-edge species; Solid symbols, Cu K-edge species. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-1b-study-of-ramucirumab-in-combination-with-erlotinib-1pn6ijfdhz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-36f3khvi.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-269h81bk.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2noo9an8.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-213g9ydb.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-competition-induced-nonlinear-elastoresistance-effect-3rmfp1ygux 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-normalized-resistance-modulation-dn-v-1-4-d-v-d-500-37v1tqeg.png FIG. 4. (a) Normalized resistance modulation, dn(V)¼ d(V)/d(500 V), as a function of applied voltages when the voltage was decreased from 500 V to 0 V with a step of 100 V (PSMO, t¼ 30 nm, T¼ 145 K). For comparison, a linear dependence is shown; (b)-(d) Temperature dependence of resistance modulation jDRj/R (b), area difference Ds (c), and standard deviation r (d) for PSMO with different thicknesses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-c-resistance-as-a-function-of-time-while-cycling-11vvmvyh.png FIG. 3. (a)-(c) Resistance as a function of time while cycling voltages (between 500 V and 0 V) for PSMO (30 nm) at 72 K (a), 145 K (b), and 205 K (c). The voltage step is 100 V; (d) The dependence of relative resistance change on bias voltage deduced from (a)-(c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-schematic-diagram-of-measurement-circuit-b-d-r-t-7oj10dc7.png FIG. 2. (a) A schematic diagram of measurement circuit; (b)-(d) R(T) curves for PSMO films with different thicknesses under different bias voltages (from 500 V to 0 V, the voltage interval is 100 V). Temperature dependences of resistance modulation, jDRj/R¼ j[R(500 V) R(0)]j/R(0), are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-in-the-vicinity-of-002-3ejzthmv.png FIG. 1. X-ray diffraction patterns [in the vicinity of (002) reflection peaks of PSMO] for PSMO films with different thicknesses (t¼ 15, 30, 45, and 100 nm) on PMN-PT. The curves in (a) are as-measured and in (b) are normalized by the peak intensities. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-diagram-of-self-assembled-viral-capsid-protein-2sn8jtu35y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ccmv-capsid-protein-diagram-adapted-from-adolph-1dikbjv6.png Figure 1. The CCMV capsid protein diagram adapted from Adolph and Butler.5 Shown are the conditions of pH and ionic strength at which the different types of polymorphs pictured are the dominant species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-rosette-structures-in-which-incomplete-shells-form-3gl2ilof.png Figure 13. Rosette structures in which incomplete shells form petals (see arrows in panels a and b) with different curvature surrounding a completed shell. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-diameter-distribution-of-single-wall-shells-1yltdciq.png Figure 4. Diameter distribution of single-wall shells obtained at different pH and ionic strength. The line is a Gaussian fit to all data, and its maximum is located at 27.89 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-images-of-multiwall-shells-obtained-with-agenb2r4.png Figure 5. Typical images of multiwall shells obtained with sodium acetate buffer at (a) pH ) 4.8, I ) 0.10 M and (b) pH ) 4.8, I ) 0.01. Multiwall shells are the dominant structure as single-wall shells are scarce at these conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-images-of-single-wall-shells-a-0-1-m-sodium-pc1zke2r.png Figure 3. Typical images of single-wall shells. (a) 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer, pH ) 4.08, I ) 3.0; (b) 0.01 M sodium acetate buffer, pH ) 4.0, I ) 0.01; (c and d) 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer, pH ) 4.67, I ) 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-phase-diagram-of-the-protein-assembly-as-a-function-269fuj2s.png Figure 2. Phase diagram of the protein assembly as a function of pH and ionic strength, buffered with sodium cacodylate (red symbols) and sodium citrate (black symbols). (Although other buffers were used as well for preparing the samples, the results obtained here are consistent with those of these two buffers.) The blue rectangle indicates the conditions of assembly considered by Bancroft and co-workers3 and by Adolph and Butler;5 cf. Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-path-followed-in-test-of-thermodynamic-equilibrium-1vemk8c2.png Figure 8. Path followed in test of thermodynamic equilibrium. The conditions are those given in each box and the arrows indicate dialysis for 24 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tube-structures-obtained-with-sodium-cacodylate-ggpqu8xw.png Figure 6. Tube structures obtained with sodium cacodylate buffer and no added salt: (a) pH ) 5.65, 0.01 M buffer; (b) pH ) 6.0, 0.01 M buffer; (c) pH ) 7.1, 0.01 M buffer; (d) pH ) 7.5, 0.001 M buffer. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-in-optical-image-processing-1s3ytok0sw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustrations-of-drpe-with-and-without-secure-modes-3pc85duc.png FIGURE 1. Illustrations of DRPE with and without secure modes [103]: (i) A sequence of plaintext inputs (in white) is encrypted to ciphertext outputs (shaded). (ii) Without a suitably secure mode of encryption, if attackers obtain the key they can immediately decrypt the entire sequence forwards and backwards in time (previously encrypted and subsequently encrypted messages). (iii) In a secure mode, if attackers approximate the key with a single plaintext-ciphertext pair, only subsequent images can be decrypted because elements of the mode calculation are not reversible. (iv) As introduced in [103], with a careful implementation of a secure mode, the propagation of errors from an attacker's approximation of the key will mean that only a very small number of subsequent images will be decrypted successfully, and the attacker will be forced to start the attack afresh on the subsequent images. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-only-modulation-using-a-normal-mode-liquid-crystal-gel-422hc2oi36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-phase-shift-of-the-20-m-e48-lc-gel-at-2t3h5ext.png FIG. 4. Measured phase shift of the 20- m E48 LC gel at different voltages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-measured-response-time-of-the-20-m-lc-gel-a-rise-0-nu99l7m0.png FIG. 5. The measured response time of the 20- m LC gel: a rise 0.35 ms and b decay 2 ms at T 21 °C. The lower trace in each figure represents the applied voltage bursts f =1 kHz , and the upper trace represents the optical signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagrams-of-polymer-network-and-lc-director-21lte4x4.png FIG. 1. Schematic diagrams of polymer network and LC director orientations of a normal-mode LC gel: a V=0, b V1, and c V2 V1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-voltage-dependent-transmittance-of-the-e48-lc-gels-2m9ay3wk.png FIG. 3. Voltage-dependent transmittance of the E48 LC gels between parallel and crossed polarizers: a d=10 m and b d=20 m. f =1 kHz, =633 nm, and T 21 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-voltage-dependent-transmittance-of-two-normal-mode-e48-1zth7mdz.png FIG. 2. Voltage-dependent transmittance of two normal-mode E48 LC gels: a d=10 m and b d=20 m. An unpolarized He–Ne laser was used for these measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-resetting-and-coupling-of-noisy-neural-oscillators-4b9qni6ct2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-approximation-the-invariant-density-2hy0vd0b.png Fig. 2 Comparison of the approximation, the invariant density, and the Monte Carlo simulations for (A) σ = 0.2, b1 = 1, = 0.02; (B) σ = 0.2, b1 = −0.25, b2 = 1, = 0.02. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-noise-induced-bifurcation-from-anti-phase-to-synchrony-2bakbzu6.png Fig. 3. Noise-induced bifurcation from anti-phase to synchrony. (A) Plot of the stationary density as a function of the noise (increasing along the vertical axis). (B) Three examples from (A) comparing the numerical density with the approximation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-a-period-four-solution-to-the-simple-prc-2gw2dt27.png Fig. 5 Example of a period four solution to the simple PRC model with very low noise. + symbols are the result of a Monte Carlo simulation broken into 400 bins. Solid lines are the Gaussian approximation with the mean and variance obtained from iterations of Eqs. (12, 13) Note that in order to improve the comparison, we have broken up the full distribution into two pieces and have used a different vertical scale https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phase-resetting-curves-for-the-izhikevich-model-a-data-2pt346se.png Fig. 1 Phase resetting curves for the Izhikevich model. (A) Data for σ = 0.02; (B) Mean of the data in (A) (black circles), mean for σ = 0.04 (red squares), and the noise-free PRC (thin blue line); (C) Standard deviation of the data in (A) (black circles) scaled by a factor of 2 and the standard deviation for a simulation with σ = 0.04 (red squares); (D) standard deviation against the mean for data in (A) https://scispace.com/papers/phase-structure-of-thermal-lattice-qcd-with-n-f-2-twisted-1zafbw6bh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-metastability-signals-in-the-order-1iikqztt.png FIG. 4 (color online). Metastability signals in the order parameter h c i 5 3c i (left) and the Polyakov loop (right) in the neighborhood of the critical line, 0 0:0068. The lines were added for visual guidance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-real-part-of-the-polaykov-loop-left-and-18kunrb0.png FIG. 5 (color online). Real part of the Polaykov loop (left) and the pion norm (right) around c at ¼ 3:65 and 0 ¼ 0:0068. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-the-region-3-75-the-lines-are-splines-to-2bdogf02.png FIG. 16 (color online). The region 3:75. The lines are splines to guide the eye where the quenched and zero coupling limits have been taken into account. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-color-online-summary-of-numerically-obtained-t5kczcg8.png FIG. 15 (color online). Summary of numerically obtained transition points for 0 0 & 0:007. The data for cð Þ, 3:75 are taken from [24,61]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-integrated-autocorrelation-time-for-323ygq1m.png FIG. 6 (color online). Integrated autocorrelation time for ReðLÞ as a function of for ¼ 3:65, 0 ¼ 0:0068 (left) and ¼ 3:75, 0 ¼ 0:0070 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-the-real-part-of-the-polyakov-loop-left-1svu7z2i.png FIG. 7 (color online). The real part of the Polyakov loop (left) and its susceptibility (right) for ¼ 3:75; 3:775; 3:8; 3:9 and 0 ¼ 0:005. The vertical lines mark cðT ¼ 0; Þ for ¼ 3:9; 3:8; 3:75 from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-color-online-pion-norm-left-and-polyakov-loop-29gg20ol.png FIG. 14 (color online). Pion norm (left) and Polyakov loop susceptibility (right) showing two subsequent transitions at ¼ 3:75, 0 ¼ 0:005. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-distributions-of-redlth-for-1-4-3-6-0-1-3gd7crpl.png FIG. 12 (color online). Distributions of ReðLÞ for ¼ 3:6, 0 ¼ 0, and ¼ 0:22. https://scispace.com/papers/phase-stability-and-mechanical-properties-of-novel-high-25n6fjstp3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-backscattered-electron-micrographs-from-left-a-single-1m5acu5d.png Fig. 3. Backscattered electron micrographs from (left) a single-phase specimen of comp composition (Zr0.2Hf0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2W0.2)C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-for-a-nine-single-phase-1tb1opj9.png Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns for (a) nine single phase compositions and (b) three multi-phase compositions. Note that the secondary (and tertiary) phases that form in the multi-phase specimens are different in each of the three compositions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-tem-and-inset-selected-area-electron-diffraction-1vc8ewys.png Fig. 4. (a) TEM and inset selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, (b) STEM high angle annular dark field (HAADF) image and corresponding selected compositional maps from EDS for a sample of composition (Ti0.2Hf0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C. The SAED pattern is free of any additional points from secondary phases or long-range ordering. The compositional maps for (c) Ti, (d) Hf, (e) V, (f) Nb, and (g) Ta each appear homogeneous on the nanoscale and show no signs of chemical clustering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-xafs-for-three-of-the-metal-absorbers-in-a-sample-of-yzawgokt.png Fig. 5. XAFS for three of the metal absorbers in a sample of (V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2W0.2)C, mea fitting. The oscillations appear at similar reciprocal spacings and with similar intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pseudo-radial-distribution-function-from-exafs-96tidp3h.png Fig. 6. Pseudo-radial distribution function from EXAFS measurements made on a vanadium neighbor shell has a coordination number of 12, and therefore a degeneracy of 12 for the si (blue) assuming the second nearest neighbor is a single metal species (W, Ta, Nb, Mo, V, from the five different metal species (mixed), which simulates a random distribution of nearest ne metal lattice is modeled as mixed and randomly oriented. (For interpretation of the reference https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-compositions-studied-their-calculated-15xhjopu.png Table 1 List of compositions studied, their calculated entropy forming ability, determination of ph measurements. If multiple phases were present, reported lattice parameter corresponds https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-hardness-and-b-elastic-moduli-from-nanoindentation-249k24g2.png Fig. 7. (a) Hardness and (b) elastic moduli from nanoindentation (circle markers) on seven high entropy carbide compositions along with rule of mixture (RoM) values (square markers) against valence electron concentration (VEC). RoM values were calculated from experimental data in the current study and theoretical and experimental treatments in Refs. [41e44] for MoC and WC. Error bars are one standard deviation from 100 indents per sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-for-the-example-composition-xhirp8bq.png Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction patterns for the example composition (Ti0.2Hf0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C, thro progression into a single phase rocksalt material (lattice parameter: a ¼ 4.42 Å; space group of the hand mixed precursor powders and sintered product showing the final carbide with https://scispace.com/papers/phenomenological-description-of-grain-growth-stagnation-for-4udq0nt256 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-stagnated-abnormal-grain-size-data-for-80-nm-thick-3a9hs2f4.png Table I. Stagnated abnormal grain size data for 80 nm thick Ag films [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-fit-parameters-for-equation-5-to-our-abnormal-grain-1nt9ylzl.png Table II. Fit parameters for Equation 5 to our abnormal grain size data for Ag films [1]. The fit is shown in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-parameters-used-for-the-fits-in-figure-7-reference-2eratd7e.png Table III. Parameters used for the fits in Figure 7, reference 3. Q=0.49 eV and n=2. The bold emphasizes the "hybrid" nature of the 805 K data set. https://scispace.com/papers/phenological-trends-in-the-pre-and-post-breeding-migration-x3wb2y8k11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-candidate-meteorological-variables-included-in-the-1kp45jt0.png Table 1. Candidate meteorological variables included in the models to predict the timing of 401 pre-breeding and post-breeding migration in the Gambia and Gibraltar. 402 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-datasets-used-to-analyse-trends-in-the-18q5xvey.png Table 2. Summary of datasets used to analyse trends in the timings of pre-breeding migration, 404 post-breeding migration and duration of stay, as well as the drivers of inter-annual variation in 405 the timings of pre-breeding and post-breeding migration. Datasets for first/last and median 406 individuals at Gibraltar are identical, so are only included once here. 407 https://scispace.com/papers/phenomenology-of-neutrino-reactions-58wga5up84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2tdfvqod.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-txb988fk.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3c096g73.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2t0qx4a6.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1o21mgcj.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-wallpmjx.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relation-between-r-v-e-and-y-tv-e-in-the-weinberg-1rivf7bg.png Fig. 1 Relation between <r (v e) and <y tv e) in the Weinberg-Salam model. https://scispace.com/papers/phenotypic-comparison-and-dna-sequencing-analysis-of-a-wild-31iwggs68p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fbgj55jz.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-1eql7bs8.png Fig. 1A https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-jmqstq4r.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-activities-of-neutral-cell-free-culture-supernatants-3piedqg3.png Table 1 Activities of neutral cell-free culture supernatants (nCFS) from class IIa 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pediocin-activities-in-pbs-ph-6-0-after-incubation-78p7ukr0.png Table 3 Pediocin activities in PBS (pH 6.0) after incubation with Listeria strains. PBS containing 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1b-3mw0a89d.png Fig. 1A https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-small-indels-annotated-in-genes-involved-2lg3z7eh.png Table 6 Summary of small indels annotated in genes involved in carbohydrate transport and 17 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pediocin-activities-au-ml-after-mixing-with-listeria-1ygpoib4.png Table 4 Pediocin activities (AU/mL) after mixing with Listeria CFSs at different times. Pediocin 12 https://scispace.com/papers/phenotyping-of-klf14-mouse-white-adipose-tissue-enabled-by-5guu0z157o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-tissue-cnn-classification-validation-a-receiver-1bcskias.png Fig. 10. Tissue CNN classification validation. (a) Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. (b) Some ROC curve numerical values. Object classification error (white adipocyte vs. non white adipocyte) weighted by number of pixels. (Weighting used as the hand traced data set contains many more white adipocyte objects, but non white adipocyte objects can be very large.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-effective-receptive-field-erf-of-the-deepcytometer-3qm14emh.png Table 9. Effective Receptive Field (ERF) of the DeepCytometer pipeline CNNs. All sizes in pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-description-of-the-four-cnn-architectures-used-by-54e2i71z.png Table 4. Description of the four CNN architectures used by the DeepCytometer pipeline. (See nomenclature in Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-differences-between-genotype-strata-2y36omfc.png Table 7. Summary of differences between genotype strata (Control, MAT WT and FKO). f/m/G/S: female/male/gonadal/subcutaneous. Empty cells correspond to n.s. p-values; otherwise, asterisks represent the adjusted p-value. Three p-values are provided for areaq, corresponding to quartiles={Q1, Q2, Q3}. Significance means that two genotype strata are statistically significantly different under the corresponding model: Tukey HSD’s tests for BW and LRTs for DW, areaq. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-cell-populations-of-deepcytometer-segmentations-of-75-7sihxsw1.png Fig. 13. Cell populations of DeepCytometer segmentations of 75 subcutaneous and 72 gonadal whole slides, stratified by sex, depot and genotype. (a)-(b) Combined cell area https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-cell-populations-of-deepcytometer-segmentations-of-75-1axv724b.png Fig. 12. Cell populations of DeepCytometer segmentations of 75 subcutaneous and 72 gonadal whole slides, stratified by sex, depot and genotype. (a)-(b) Pdfs from Kernel Density https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-mouse-depot-weight-dw-phenotyping-a-dw-ols-models-dw-tswsv81a.png Fig. 18. Mouse depot weight (DW) phenotyping. (a) DW OLS models (DW ~ BW/ *𝐵𝑊 genotype), where genotype={Control, MAT WT, FKO}, stratified by sex and depot. Each point corresponds to a mouse. Intercept, slope values and t-test p-values are provided in Table 5. (b) LRT comparisons between Control, MAT WT, FKO linear models, without and with Benjamini-Krieger-Yekutieli multitesting adjustment. (c)-(d) DW swarm plots stratified by sex, depot and genotype. Mean DW for each group provided as horizontal black line. P-values of mean differences computed with Tukey’s HSD test for each sex. (e) Mean DW values stratified by genotype, sex and depot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coarse-tissue-segmentation-and-adaptive-tiling-a-whole-1p5t305z.png Fig. 2. Coarse tissue segmentation and adaptive tiling. (a) Whole histology slide, female MAT. (b) Coarse tissue mask. (c) Horizontal and vertical line convolution kernels. (d)-(i) Black mask: Coarse tissue mask at three consecutive iterations. Red contour: Boundary of convolutions with horizontal and vertical line kernels. Green square/rectangle: Block chosen https://scispace.com/papers/phenotypic-variation-in-the-phenology-of-ascospore-22v59ovqy0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-non-linear-model-fitted-on-the-dynamics-of-2dzi42c9.png Table II. Non linear model fitted on the dynamics of ascospore production by chasmothecia of different origins over wintered in a common garden (Exp. 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-production-in-vitro-of-ascospores-by-chasmothecia-1jigs1o1.png Figure 2. Production in vitro of ascospores by chasmothecia over wintered in common garden at INRA-Nancy (Exp. 2). Origin Cestas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-production-in-vitro-of-ascospores-by-chasmothecia-32l7zkd9.png Figure 1. Production in vitro of ascospores by chasmothecia from origin Champenoux over wintered in different places in France https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-non-linear-model-fitted-on-the-dynamics-of-ascospore-c4g62d3o.png Table I. Non linear model fitted on the dynamics of ascospore production by chasmothecia of Champenoux origin over wintered in different locations (Exp. 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-powdery-mildew-colonies-initiated-on-trap-m060y0wq.png Figure 3. Number of powdery mildew colonies initiated on trap oak seedlings placed under chasmothecia of different origins over wintered in https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-non-linear-model-fitted-on-the-number-of-powdery-3muj963o.png Table III. Non linear model fitted on the number of powdery mildew colonies initiated on trap seedlings exposed to chasmothecia of different origin placed in a common garden (Exp. 3). https://scispace.com/papers/phonological-markers-of-sentence-stress-in-ataxic-dysarthria-37je9sqtr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-type-and-prevalence-in-of-pitch-patterns-on-both-3deqdlv9.png Figure 2: Type and prevalence (in %) of pitch patterns on both stressed and unstressed words per speaker group. https://scispace.com/papers/phosphorylation-mechanism-of-n-acetyl-l-glutamate-kinase-a-sl0cabntq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-md-simulations-of-atp-nag-mg2-nagk-and-atp-mg2-nagk-1ol3ttp4.png Figure 2. MD simulations of ATP-NAG-Mg2+-NAGK and ATP-Mg2+-NAGK complexes (a) Surface representation of closed conformation of NAGK in presence of NAG (b) Surface representation of open conformation of NAGK in absence of NAG (c) Secondary structure of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sequence-alignment-of-aak-enzymes-nagk-foma-and-ipk-3d6gkqw8.png Figure 3. Sequence alignment of AAK enzymes NAGK, FomA and IPK using the CLUSTAL multiple sequence alignment by MUSCLE web server. Key residues among the kinases are https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-qm-mm-energy-profile-for-phosphate-transfer-in-2x1qtykr.png Figure 5. (a) QM/MM energy profile for phosphate transfer in NAGK (b) 2-D sketch of phosphate transfer in NAGK. The reaction coordinates are defined as the distance between the carboxylate oxygen of NAG and the γ-phosphate phosphorous atom of ATP, and the distance between the Pγ atom of ATP and the β-,γ-bridging oxygen atom Oβ3. The red arrows denote the electron movement during the phosphorylation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-representative-structures-obtained-from-cluster-136qbhwu.png Figure 6. Representative structures obtained from cluster analysis of MD simulations of AtNAGK mutants (a) K41A (b) K41R (c) D255A (d) D196A e) D196E (f) G44A (g) G76E (h) R98K. Loop 1, 2 and 3 are highlighted in yellow, green and cyan respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-phosphorylation-of-n-acetyl-glutamate-to-n-acetyl-2fkcv3p1.png Figure 1. Phosphorylation of N-acetyl-glutamate to N-acetyl-glutamate-5-phosphate catalysed by N-acetyl-glutamate kinase in the presence of ATP and Mg2+. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-atp-nag-mg2-nagk-complex-a-qm-mm-optimised-reactant-1u0vmypv.png Figure 4. ATP-NAG-Mg2+-NAGK complex (a) QM/MM optimised reactant structure (b) QM/MM optimised transition state structure (c) QM/MM optimised product structure. Loop 1, 2 and 3 are highlighted in yellow, green and cyan respectively https://scispace.com/papers/phosphonium-nitrate-ionic-liquid-catalysed-electrophilic-ayzw4ppdlq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dichlorination-of-arenesa-gtgftm5m.png Table 3 Dichlorination of arenesa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chlorination-of-arenes-using-a-molar-ratio-substrate-3fh5f3w8.png Table 1 Chlorination of arenes using a molar ratio substrate/ P8,8,8,1NO3 = 1a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-catalyst-recycling-for-anisole-chlorinationa-2qvf2rvv.png Table 2 Catalyst recycling for anisole chlorinationa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cations-employed-for-the-nitrate-ionic-liquids-n222dx9r.png Fig. 1 Cations employed for the nitrate ionic liquids. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-electrophilic-chlorination-of-p-xylene-with-varying-yan1l5su.png Fig. 3 Electrophilic chlorination of p-xylene with varying amounts of P8,8,8,1NO3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chlorinating-efficiency-of-four-nitrate-ionic-liquids-3vflqnk7.png Fig. 2 Chlorinating efficiency of four nitrate ionic liquids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chlorination-of-arenes-comparison-between-p8881no3-3tigtcnx.png Table 4 Chlorination of arenes: comparison between P8,8,8,1NO3, [bmim]NO3,9 and [Hmim]NO310 https://scispace.com/papers/phonological-processing-and-arithmetic-fact-retrieval-4a61icsl48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-retrieval-frequency-and-v9cjppzr.png Table 4 Correlations between retrieval frequency and phonological measures controlled for individual differences in reading ability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-number-of-correct-trials-onwhich-retrieval-and-3bvbjzqh.png Table 2 Mean number of correct trials onwhich retrieval and procedureswere used for each operation and group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-error-rate-and-reaction-time-by-strategy-on-the-2r890w8m.png Fig. 2. Mean error rate and reaction time by strategy on the arithmetic task. Bars depict error rates on the left y-axis and lines represent reaction times on the right y-axis. Error bars depict 1 SE of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-error-rate-and-reaction-time-by-operation-on-the-38lo80g5.png Fig. 1. Mean error rate and reaction time by operation on the arithmetic task. Bars depict error rates on the left y-axis and lines represent reaction times on the right y-axis. Error bars depict 1 SE of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scatterplots-showing-the-associations-between-28zmfkqe.png Fig. 3. Scatterplots showing the associations between phonological awareness and t r d https://scispace.com/papers/photi-a-fisheye-view-of-bubbles-14ous7pkv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-from-reference-7-illustrating-distortion-2tm3x3bc.png Figure 3: Example from reference 7-illustrating distortion and refocussing effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relations-for-university-example-1jjz60i0.png Figure 2: Relations for university example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-dependency-diagram-3u5k2zva.png Figure 1: A dependency diagram https://scispace.com/papers/photocarrier-localization-and-recombination-dynamics-in-cu-2-32s7jgvmin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-normalized-time-profiles-of-transient-reflectivity-qibh5lou.png FIG. 4. Normalized time profiles of transient reflectivity spectra at two different probe energies of 1.42 eV (open circles) and 1.71 eV (solid circles) at room temperature. The solid lines show the fitting results using tri-exponential functions. The inset displays typical PL decay profiles at different emission energies. The dashed lines show the fitting results at the long-time part of the decay profiles, which follow power-law dependence t m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-contour-image-of-a-typical-white-light-pump-probe-2h2u8cqd.png FIG. 3. Contour image of a typical white-light pump-probe transient reflectivity spectrum of the CZTS single crystal at room temperature. The white solid circles indicate the peak energies of the bleaching signals at different delay times. The dashed line displays the band-gap energy Eg of CZTS single crystals. The transient reflectivity spectrum at a delay time of 285 ps is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-time-integrated-pl-spectra-of-czts-single-crystals-15whowdo.png FIG. 2. (a) Time-integrated PL spectra of CZTS single crystals at various excitation densities (from 1.8 lJ/cm2 to 880 lJ/cm2) measured at room temperature. (b) PL intensity as a function of the excitation density (solid circles). The dashed line shows the linear fitting result in the weak excitation region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pl-black-line-pc-red-line-and-ple-blue-line-spectra-of-9caup5vh.png FIG. 1. PL (black line), PC (red line), and PLE (blue line) spectra of CZTS single crystals at room temperature. The arrow indicates the energy monitored for PL excitation spectrum. https://scispace.com/papers/photo-assisted-electrodeposition-of-an-electrochemically-1n0qwzaxma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-consecutive-cvs-40-scans-allowing-btimce1b.png Fig. 3. Consecutive CVs (40 scans) allowing electropolymerization of pyrrole on a TiO2-NTA in an aqueous electrolytic solution containing SDBS (0.1 mol.L-1) and Py (0.1 mol.L-1) at 100 mV/s between -0.7 V and 1 V/SCE, a) in the dark and b) under UV illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cv-characterization-of-tio2-nta-ppy-dbs-junction-in-an-10shc1zz.png Fig. 5. CV characterization of TiO2-NTA/PPy(DBS) junction in an electrolytic aqueous solution containing SDBS (0.1 mol.L-1) at 10 mV/s under UV illumination or in the dark corresponding to electrodeposition of PPy for a) in the dark, b) under UV and c) on Pt, a metal on which electrodeposition of PPy is not influenced by illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-raman-spectrum-of-a-tio2-nta-ppy-dbs-junction-1w582b20.png Fig. 13. Raman spectrum of a TiO2-NTA/PPy(DBS) junction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-nyquist-representation-of-eis-spectra-of-a-tio2-nta-10j4ne3p.png Fig. 8. Nyquist representation of EIS spectra of a TiO2 -NTA/PPy(DBS) junction synthesized in the dark (square) or under UV illumination (triangle). EIS analyses were performed in an electrolytic aqueous solution containing SDBS (0.1 mol.L-1) in the dark. EIS spectrum corresponding to pristine TiO2-NTA is also represented (disc). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-uncovered-tio2-nta-surface-49c051mk.png Table 1. Percentage of uncovered TiO2-NTA surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-nyquist-representation-of-eis-spectra-of-a-tio2-nta-33tfyo7w.png Fig. 9. Nyquist representation of EIS spectra of a TiO2-NTA/PPy(ClO4) junction synthesized in the dark (square) or under UV illumination (triangle). EIS analyses were performed in an electrolytic aqueous solution containing LiClO4 (0.1 mol.L-1) in the dark. EIS spectrum corresponding to pristine TiO2-NTA is also represented (disc). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-consecutive-cvs-40-scans-allowing-32sns88e.png Fig. 4. Consecutive CVs (40 scans) allowing electropolymerization of pyrrole on a TiO2-NTA in an aqueous electrolytic solution containing LiClO4 (0.1 mol.L-1) and Py (0.1 mol.L-1) at 100 mV/s between -0.7 V and 1 V/SCE a) in the dark and b) under UV illumination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-band-structure-of-ppy-in-comparison-with-flat-band-juv1u7px.png Fig. 12. Band structure of PPy* in comparison with flat band potential of TiO2 (*From ref [27]). The conversion of the vacuum scale to the potential scale is made using ESCE = -4.70 eV [28]. https://scispace.com/papers/photochemistry-of-some-three-membered-heterocycles-42u15tb7vl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-photochromic-bicyclic-aziridines-19387fyp.png TABLE II. Photochromic bicyclic aziridines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-stereochemical-effects-in-low-temperature-photolysis-1q61ncqt.png TABLE I. Stereochemical effects in low temperature photolysis of monocyclic aziridines https://scispace.com/papers/photocatalytic-oxidation-of-nox-under-visible-light-on-4kv1mg0dj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-spot-of-field-test-3lyzj8p3.png Fig 5. Spot of field test https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-degradation-effect-of-wear-and-wash-465-2iolmw9o.png Table 2 Degradation effect of wear and wash 465 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pure-tio2-and-n-doped-tio2-3go7wiaj.png Fig 1. Pure TiO2 and N-doped TiO2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-sem-on-loss-of-n-doped-tio2-due-to-wearing-3i56jk6f.png Fig 13 SEM on loss of N-doped TiO2 due to wearing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-and-3-display-the-schemes-of-the-asphalt-road-1rgoe42r.png Figure 2 and 3 display the schemes of the asphalt road material sample before and after spraying. 100 101 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-structure-of-photoreactor-1hknu6th.png Fig 4. Structure of photoreactor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dispersion-effect-of-n-doped-tio2-in-penetrant-16q1ziyw.png Fig 8. Dispersion effect of N-doped TiO2 in penetrant https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-schematic-illustration-of-photocatalytic-process-on-n-3adkdqy6.png Fig 10. Schematic illustration of photocatalytic process on N-doped TiO2 asphalt road material under visible light https://scispace.com/papers/photochromic-spiropyran-monolithic-polymers-molecular-photo-2v08goclqq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2fphqfcr.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1ovhnvx2.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3rt1p5t2.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1izk8zz4.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-24r39yk1.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-t5wrhalr.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-33q3o7ss.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3cf9luns.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/photodynamic-therapy-of-necrobiosis-lipoidica-a-multicenter-54xg2froth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nl-on-the-right-lower-leg-of-a-female-patient-patient-2si333kf.png Fig. 1. NL on the right lower leg of a female patient (patient 4) before therapy ( a ) and 7 months after 6 cycles of PDT ( b ). A partial response was observed, and the patient was very satisfied with the outcome. https://scispace.com/papers/photographic-facts-and-formulas-by-e-j-wall-4tywallunq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-or-zig-zag-lines-as-in-b-while-rubbing-the-paper-2rs0l4iz.png Fig. 8, or zig-zag lines as in B. While rubbing, the paper should be held firmly down with the other hand close to the tool. It is preferable to use a normal relief and a soft ink rather than a hard one and high relief. When two transfers are to be made on the same paper it is advisable to dust the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2zqpz1m4.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-3jvzfio4.png Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-objects-then-2-tan-a-a-being-the-angle-between-ac-and-1tnbfrzh.png Fig. 1 objects; then /= /2-=-tan a, a being the angle between AC and BD. Measure the length h, the distance between the images of the two objects, and also CL, their distance from the lens ; then f ^ h-^ (CD -^ CL). Let CD or h = 4 in. and CL = 8 in. ; then /= 4 -^(4 -^ 8) = 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shows-the-laying-of-the-transfer-paper-on-the-marked-170qshc5.png Fig. 7 shows the laying of the transfer paper on the marked https://scispace.com/papers/photogrammetric-surface-analysis-of-ablation-processes-in-4x517sn7mw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plasma-wind-tunnel-condition-for-the-condition-2u0ymzz4.png Table 1 Plasma wind tunnel condition for the condition corresponding to Hayabusa at 78.8 km https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-mean-and-mode-values-1cbh8u4l.png Table 4 Comparison mean and mode values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-camera-setup-oh9ltehw.png Table 2 Camera setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structured-calibration-plate-lfa433pc.png Fig. 3 Structured calibration plate. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-photogrammetric-parameters-131s6fxe.png Table 3 Photogrammetric parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-plasma-wind-tunnel-pwk1-left-and-geometrical-setup-for-1gqxxp4u.png Fig. 2 Plasma wind tunnel PWK1 (left) and geometrical setup for the photogrammetry (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-surface-structure-at-the-end-of-the-test-t-32-s-2aszz3cc.png Fig. 14 Surface structure at the end of the test (t 32 s). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-recession-rate-and-surface-temperature-over-time-3b6iv0e0.png Fig. 12 Recession rate and surface temperature over time. https://scispace.com/papers/photoluminescence-in-electrically-reversible-semiconducting-2dktt8q5qo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-dependence-of-the-a-i-and-a2-transition-47k77cwt.png FIG. 4. Temperature dependence of the A I and A2 transition energies. Solid lines are the calculated energies of the e-A 0 transitions with Ea = 0.069 and 0.174 eV, respectively, for the Al and A2 bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detailed-photoluminescence-spectra-of-the-near-onqy00ec.png FIG. 2. Detailed photoluminescence spectra of the near-intrinsic and shallow-acceptor-related transitions of (a) as-grown and (b) quenched crystals. The near-intrinsic transitions consist of the free exciton (X), donorbound exciton (DoX), and acceptor-bound exciton (A oX). TheX I andX2 transitions are at 1.5 10 and 1.508 eV, respectively. DO-A °ande-A °mean the neutral donor-acceptor pair and the conduction-band-electron to neutralacceptor transitions, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photoluminescence-intensity-vs-10-it-relationship-for-10vx4uhk.png FIG. 5. Photoluminescence intensity vs 10:' IT relationship for three transitions of SA, AI, and A2. SA means the shallow-acceptor-related bands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-dependence-of-the-quenched-crystal-ni-2g6hw82p.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependence of the quenched crystal. NI means nearintrinsic transitions and SA indicates the shallow-acceptor-reIated bands. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-temperature-dependent-pl-characteristics-2nw4xh1g.png FIG. 3. Temperature dependence of the quenched crystal. NI means nearintrinsic transitions and SA indicates the shallow-acceptor-reIated bands. https://scispace.com/papers/photoinduced-reordering-in-thin-azo-dye-films-and-light-3q6f4lydmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-frame-of-reference-the-z-axis-is-normal-27xftjms.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Frame of reference: The z axis is normal to the substrate and the polarization vector of the activating light makes the angle αp with the y axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-steady-state-order-parameter-harmonics-3npouqu4.png FIG. 2. (Color online) (a) Steady state order parameter harmonics pst as a function of the photoexcitation parameter v1 at v2 = −2.5; (b) bifurcation curves in the v2-v1 plane are typical of the cusp catastrophe with the cusp singularity located at (−2,0). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-angular-dependence-of-the-orientational-1h7d6a73.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Angular dependence of the orientational distribution function, f , within the span of the period computed for various values of the time parameter, τ = Drott , at αini = 65 deg and pini = −0.58. The photoexcitation and interaction parameters are v1 = 1.3 and v2 = −5, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-order-parameter-harmonics-r1-computed-48o5k7i6.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Order parameter harmonics ρ1 computed as a function of dimensionless time parameter τ by numerically solving the initial value problem for the system (22) with the initial angular distribution (43) at αini = 65 deg and pini = −0.41. The photoexcitation and interaction parameters are v1 = 3 and v2 = −1. The stationary state is unique and is characterized by the steady state harmonics pst = p(−)st ≈ −0.86. (b) Angular dependence of the orientational distribution function (46), f (φ,τ ), at different values of the time parameter τ . The distribution is π -periodic, and solid circles indicate the angles, φmax = π/2− αe, where peaks are located. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-easy-axis-angle-versus-the-irradiation-2z5zdros.png FIG. 10. (Color online) Easy axis angle versus the irradiation time in the electric field-free region at different values of the polarization azimuthal angle of the reorienting UV light. The experimental data were measured by using the linearly polarized activating light with λ = 365 nm and I = 2.6 W/m2. Solid lines represent the theoretical curves computed from the formula (48) at te = γe/We = 23 min (for ϕm = 25 deg and ϕm = 43 deg), and te ≈ 14.4 min for ϕm = 65 deg. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-easy-axis-angle-versus-the-irradiation-32irugnt.png FIG. 9. (Color online) Easy axis angle versus the irradiation time at different values of the polarization azimuthal angle of the reorienting UV light αp . The experimental data were measured by using the linearly polarized activating light with λ = 365 nm and I = 2.6 W/m2. Solid lines represent the theoretical curves computed by numerically solving the initial value problem for the system (22) with the initial angular distribution (43). The parameters used in calculations are as follows: the photoexcitation (interaction) parameter is v1 = 1.3 (v2 = −5); pini = p(−)st (αp = 25 deg and αp = 43 deg) and pini = −0.25 at αp = 65 deg. Other parameters are listed in the caption of Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-order-parameter-harmonics-p1-computed-as-3rnqs7is.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Order parameter harmonics, p1, computed as a function of time parameter, τ = Drott , by numerically solving the initial value problem for the system (22) with the initial angular distribution (43) at αini = 90 deg and αini = 0.0 deg for−pini = pu ± 0.05. The photoexcitation and interaction parameters are v1 = 1.3 and v2 = −5. The stationary states are characterized by the steady state harmonics: p(−)st ≈ −0.91, p(+)st ≈ 0.77, and pu ≈ 0.48. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-order-parameter-harmonics-p1-computed-as-a-function-of-b1sa5m48.png FIG. 6. Order parameter harmonics, p1, computed as a function of time parameter, τ = Drott , by numerically solving the initial value problem for the system (22)with the initial angular distribution (43) at αini = 90 deg and −pini = 0.65 for v1 = |vc| ± 0.05. The interaction parameter and the critical value of the photoexcitation parameter are v2 = −5 and |vc| ≈ 1.51, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/photoluminescence-of-nc-si-er-thin-films-obtained-by-2wztl0hovo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectra-of-the-real-1-and-imaginary-part-2-of-the-3ttdp4mo.png Figure 2 – Spectra of the real, 1, and imaginary part, 2, of the dielectric function of the a-Si:H:O matrix characterizing the Er-doped films P13 and P14 obtained by Er co-sputtering. For comparison the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-infra-red-photoluminescence-spectra-at-room-36n3ds0h.png Figure 3 – Infra Red photoluminescence spectra at room temperature for the studied samples, obtained under 514.5 nm laser line excitation. (a)- Samples with low silicon crystalline fraction; (b) - samples with https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-growth-conditions-for-erbium-doped-nanocrystalline-1zdv18zc.png Table 1 – Growth conditions for Erbium doped nanocrystalline silicon thin films. DH = ΦH2 / (ΦH2 + ΦSiH4) is the hydrogen dilution used for CVD deposition (ΦH2 and ΦSiH4 are the flow rates of H2 and SiH4). RH = pH2/(pH2+pAr) = 0.63 was the hydrogen fraction for all the sputtered samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-values-of-the-curve-fitting-parameters-used-to-model-2u2mqwnn.png Table 3 – Values of the curve-fitting parameters used to model temperature-dependent Er3+-PL behavior with eq. (1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-infra-red-photoluminescence-spectra-at-20k-for-w15v4yz7.png Figure 4 – (a) Infra Red photoluminescence spectra at 20K for the studied samples. (b) Er3+ PL intensity as a function of temperature for the studied samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raman-spectra-of-films-obtained-by-a-er-co-1034t4j9.png Figure 1 – Raman spectra of films obtained by: (a) Er co-sputtering and (b) HW- and rf-PECVD followed by Er implantation. https://scispace.com/papers/photon-transfer-in-a-system-of-coupled-superconducting-5a1dobfqqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-and-b-time-response-of-v2rms-when-the-system-is-157c7wis.png FIG. 4. (a) and (b) Time response of V2rms when the system is driven at a microwave frequency fU (Point B in 4(c)) from 0 to 30 ls. For t> 30 ls, the inductances of the two resonators are modulated in antiphase at the splitting frequency fsplitting ¼ 0.498 MHz with an amplitude d¼ 1.5 10 5 (equivalent to 45 kHz). All other parameters are as in Fig. 3. (c) Expanded time responses after setting d¼ 0 for t> 47 ls. (d) Bloch sphere representation of the behaviour. The surface is defined by a vector of length E. In a non-rotating frame, E spirals around the z-axis at a frequency fsplitting as it moves sinusoidally between U and V at fRabi. When E lies on the equator, the energy oscillates between Res 1 (x-direction) and Res 2 (y-direction). (e) Frequency response of V2rms in the steady state showing Autler-Townes-like splitting. The solid line is for a drive amplitude d¼ 1.5 10 5 and the dotted line for an amplitude d¼ 9 10 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-and-b-swept-lz-like-transitions-showing-the-voltage-io0s1h1k.png FIG. 5. (a) and (b) Swept (LZ-like) transitions showing the voltage in the two resonators. The system is excited at point A in (c). After 30 ls the microwave drive is turned off and the field is swept so as to take the inductances linearly in time between the left and right vertical dotted lines (d¼ 3.1 10 4). (a) For a sweep time¼ 10 , the inverse splitting frequency at the middle of the avoided crossing and (b) a sweep time¼ 0.1 the inverse spitting frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-v1rms-versus-time-and-b-v2rms-versus-time-for-two-22aqgnn0.png FIG. 3. (a) V1rms versus time and (b) V2rms versus time, for two identical resonators when the system is driven at the lower resonant frequency, fL (point A in (c)) from t¼ 0 to t¼ 30 ls. (d) V2rms versus frequency in the steady state. We have set L1 ¼L2 ¼ 1:29139 10 9 H; C1 ¼C2 ¼ 5:4485 10 13 F, which are in the same proportion as a typical 6 GHz CPR; Ck ¼ 4:5 10 17 F; R1 ¼ R2 ¼ 107 X. These values correspond to Q ¼ 2 105 and a splitting frequency fsplitting¼ 0.498 MHz at the middle of the avoided crossing. I0 has been taken as 5 10 8 Arms (see Section IV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-schematic-structures-for-a-pair-of-weakly-coupled-2txgpoko.png FIG. 1. Four schematic structures for a pair of weakly coupled thin film resonators. P1 and P2 are the microwave input and output ports. (a) Conventional CPRs designed for field modulation. (b) Conventional CPRs designed for current modulation; (c) as (a) only in microstrip configuration (i.e., with thin low loss dielectric film on top of superconducting ground plane; (d) as (c) only with lumped inductor/capacitors. In (b), (c), and (d), the large upper and lower rectangular sections are capacitive pads to ground. For details, see text and References 15 and 25. Cc and Ck are capacitive coupling pads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematics-of-proposed-experiment-a-equivalent-circuit-1mp9jyp3.png FIG. 2. Schematics of proposed experiment. (a) Equivalent circuit of the coupled resonators. (b) and (c) Frequency responses of the output signals when the individual kinetic inductances are changed. (b) For the case where only the inductance of Res 1 is changed and (c) when the inductance of both resonators are changed in antiphase. (d) Resonant frequency of a single resonator showing parabolic dependence on applied magnetic field or current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-periodically-driven-transitions-a-we-first-follow-the-1d3fg2y4.png FIG. 6. Periodically driven transitions. (a) We first follow the process for an LZ-like transition shown in Fig. 5. The ramp direction is then reversed to bring the system back to the left hand vertical dotted line. (b) V2 as a function of total ramp time. (c) The system is excited at the frequency of point A, where fB fA is 1.9 MHz, 4 greater than fsplitting. After 30 ls, the microwave drive is turned off and RFmod at d¼ 10 4 is applied at the new splitting frequency. (d) Time evolution of the occupancies of Res 1 and Res 2. (e) Effect of subsequently turning off the RF drive at 48.8 ls where the voltage across Res 1 is a minimum. https://scispace.com/papers/photonic-fractal-metamaterials-a-metal-semiconductor-3vndgcwt7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-and-characterization-a-schematic-1fshe4hh.png Figure. 1. Schematic and characterization. (a) schematic rendering of a resonant Au-TiO2 media as a representative photonic fractal metamaterial. (b) Optical image of an Au-TiO2 media on a glass slide. (c-d) Transmission electron https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lspr-gas-and-chemical-sensing-platforms-with-bl9k3wo9.png Table 1. LSPR gas and chemical sensing platforms with operative parameters and limits of detection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-optical-properties-and-sensing-a-uv-vis-extinction-irnqwx2e.png Figure 3. Optical properties and sensing. (a) UV-Vis extinction of fractal metamaterials as a function of their thickness. (b-e) Angular dependent transmittance and specular reflectance of the 4.4 μm fractal Au-TiO2 media and a metasurface consisting of stochastically distributed Au nanocrystals. (f) UV-Vis spectrum of the 4.4 μm fractal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electrodynamic-simulations-a-schematic-of-a-2mldkxyo.png Figure. 2. Electrodynamic simulations. (a) Schematic of a comparative Au metasurface, consisting of a stochastic 15 planar distribution of Au nanoparticles onto a quartz substrate. (b) volumetric |E/E0|2 field distribution on-resonance obtained by FDTD simulations. (c-d) Cross-section slices at different positions of the |E/E0|2 enhancement for the Au metasurface structure. (e) Schematic of the fractal Au-TiO2 metamaterial, consisting of Au crystals stochastically distributed in a three-dimensional TiO2 fractal scaffold. (f) volumetric distribution of the |E/E0|2 field at LSPR resonance. (g-h) Cross-section slices at different positions of the |E/E0|2 enhancement for the 3D Au-TiO2 structure. 20 https://scispace.com/papers/phr-revisioned-navigating-in-the-personal-health-space-p3pjk1nzha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagnostic-therapeutic-cycle-14-3ahedzgz.png Fig. 1. Diagnostic-therapeutic cycle [14] https://scispace.com/papers/phycological-memoirs-being-researches-made-in-the-botanical-3io8duw9ay 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mature-conceptacle-fig-6-a-b-c-d-successive-stages-in-1kswhn9n.png Fig. 5. Mature conceptacle. Fig. 6. a. b. c. d. Successive stages in the development of a sporangium ( x 235). e. Empty sporangium ( x 235). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-oogonium-x-250-fig-8-section-of-the-junction-of-hg6r5rny.png Fig. 7. ,, Oogonium ( x 250). Fig, 8. Section of the junction of Hormosira and Notheia : the cells with https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tangential-section-through-another-pataytfoca-sphere-x-qn8c8ba5.png Fig. 4. Tangential section through another PatAytfoca-sphere ( x 125). Fig 5. Portion of same ( x 375). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-section-of-part-of-sorus-paraphyses-having-taken-the-1fhmaa3o.png Fig. 5. Mature conceptacle. Fig. 6. a. b. c. d. Successive stages in the development of a sporangium ( x 235). e. Empty sporangium ( x 235). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-section-of-thallus-of-specimen-from-anguilla-2gyu0pec.png Fig. 6. ,, Section of thallus of specimen from Anguilla, cryptostoma and paraphyses sunk in a slight depression ( x 250). https://scispace.com/papers/phragmites-frutescens-gramineae-re-visited-the-discovery-of-3cvqimo1u7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-macro-morphological-generative-and-ecological-23k0gdlh.png Table 1. Macro-morphological, generative and ecological characters of Phragmites frutescens, P. mauritianus and P. australis based on Gordon-Gray & Ward (1971) and own observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phragmites-frutescens-known-distribution-in-greece-fz58ni5v.png Fig. 1. Phragmites frutescens – known distribution in Greece. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenetic-reconstruction-from-arbitrary-gene-order-data-4e1krt74er 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-illustration-of-lemma-3-3oj6e327.png Figure 1. An illustration of Lemma 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-number-of-edges-in-error-for-50-genes-3hsufohp.png Table 2. Average number of edges in error for 50 genes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-illustration-of-lemma-5-30g2o421.png Figure 2. An illustration of Lemma 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-phylogeny-returned-by-our-methods-showing-2imf0dwl.png Figure 4. The phylogeny returned by our methods, showing estimated branch lengths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-phylogenies-on-the-7-taxa-cpdna-dataset-3vn48aa8.png Figure 3. Phylogenies on the 7-taxa cpDNA dataset https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenetic-relationships-among-extinct-and-extant-turtles-m6fmyhblph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-molecular-phylogenetic-analysis-of-the-5-sequences-1ce0k99t.png Fig. 2. A) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the 5 sequences (12S RNA, 16S RNA, cytochrome b, RAG-1, and intron of the fingerprint protein 35). Only one MPT of 5483 steps were recovered. B) Molecular analysis of cytochrome b sequence. Only one MPT of 2061 steps was recovered. C) Molecular analysis of 12S RNA sequence. Strict consensus of two MPTs of 644 steps each. D) Molecular analysis of the RAG-1 sequence. Only one MPT of 927 steps was recovered. E) Molecular analysis of 16S RNA sequence. Only one MPT was found of 838 steps. F) Molecular analysis of the intron of the fingerprint protein 35. Strict consensus of two MPTs of 972 steps each. Jackknife values below 70 are not shown. Pink: Cryptodiran clades. Green: Pleurodiran clades. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-morphological-phylogenetic-analysis-of-extant-turtles-19fyi9er.png Fig. 3. Morphological phylogenetic analysis of extant turtles. Strict consensus of 35 MPTs of 185 steps each. * The monophyletic group formed by Chelodina longicollis and C. oblonga supported by a Jackknife GC value of 83. Jackknife values below 70 are not shown. Pink: Cryptodiran clades. Green: Pleurodiran clades. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-total-evidence-phylogenetic-analysis-strict-consensus-2yul0irm.png Fig. 4. Total evidence phylogenetic analysis. Strict consensus tree of 12960 MPTs of 5972 steps each. Numbers represent GC Jackknife values. Numbers in bold above the nodes represent node number. Numbers in italics under the nodes represent GC Jackknife values. Light blue: extinct recognized clades. Pink: Cryptodiran clades. Green: Pleurodiran clades. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-morphological-phylogenetic-analysis-of-extinct-and-3phdqk9n.png Fig. 1. Morphological phylogenetic analysis of extinct and extant taxa. Strict consensus tree of 19440 MPTs of 479 steps each. Numbers in bold above the nodes represent node number. Numbers in italics under the nodes represent GC Jackknife values (for Group present/ Contradicted; difference between the frequency in which a given group is retrieved in the jackknife replicates and the most frequent contradictory group). Light blue: extinct recognized clades. Pink: Cryptodiran clades. Green: Pleurodiran clades. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simplified-unrooted-tree-of-cryptodiran-turtles-based-25jlk268.png Fig. 5. Simplified unrooted tree of cryptodiran turtles (based on morphological analysis of extant taxa) showing the alternative position of Pleurodira: Morphological analysis shows that Chelonioidea and Pleurodira are the successive sister groups of remaining Cryptodira, while total evidence analysis suggests Trionychia and Pleurodira as successive sister groups. The root of Testudines is placed in the branch leading to Chelonioidea in the total evidence analysis and in the morphological analysis including fossils. https://scispace.com/papers/phylogenetic-revision-of-backhousieae-myrtaceae-neogene-403eh1nj9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scanning-electron-microgram-of-pollen-of-backhousia-20eoj4av.png Fig. 3. Scanning electron microgram of pollen of Backhousia gundarara, sp. nov., from type specimen. Scale bar = 2mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-backhousia-tetraptera-sp-nov-flowers-from-j-elliott-11-1zj574vc.png Fig. 5. Backhousia tetraptera, sp. nov., flowers from J.Elliott 11 (CNS), fruit from type specimen. Scale bars = 5mm (both). Del. Ashley Field (CNS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-backhousia-gundarara-sp-nov-from-type-specimen-scale-ogag5paf.png Fig. 4. Backhousia gundarara, sp. nov., from type specimen. Scale bars = 1 cm (centre), 5mm (remainder). Del. Nadine Guthrie (PERTH). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-timing-of-the-diversification-of-backhousieae-maximum-277moqzi.png Fig. 1. Timing of the diversification of Backhousieae. Maximum clade-credibility tree estimated from the Bayesian analyses using BEAST and the concatenated dataset. Node positions indicate mean estimated divergence times and node bars are their 95% highest posterior density. Black circles represent posterior probabilities of 1.00 from MrBayes analyses, maximum likelihood bootstrap and parsimony jackknife >90%. Other values, in the same order, >50% are shown below nodes supported. Graphical insert shows lineage through time plot and 95% confidence interval derived from nodal divergence times obtained from the relaxed-clock estimations from BEAST analyses (solid lines), whereas the dotted line represents a constant diversification rate through time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-post-stationaritymajority-rule-consensus-tree-from-3g6ufn5a.png Fig. 2. Post-stationaritymajority-rule consensus tree from thefirstMrBayes analysis (two runs) of the combined dataset, with branch lengths proportional to the inferred number of changes along that branch. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-science-workshop-course-for-elementary-teachers-1jwkfz2766 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-radius-of-a-cassette-recorder-take-up-reel-as-a-1qrut0ek.png Fig. I. Radius of a cassette recorder take-up reel as a function of time in the fast-forward mode of operation. The angular velocity of the reel is constant resulting in a radius that is linear with time. https://scispace.com/papers/physical-activity-levels-in-alaska-native-children-4jfkpdrq1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-actigraph-derived-data-overall-males-females-24bt8b10.png Table 1. ActiGraph derived data Overall Males Females https://scispace.com/papers/physicochemical-and-biological-interactions-between-cerium-2u5adkp5d5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectral-data-of-4-amino-18-naphthalimide-a24n7zod.png Table 1. Spectral data of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Nsubstituted (ANN) in distilled water, dichloromethane and sodium hydroxide (0.01 M). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physicochemical-properties-of-the-tested-cerium-1l08gc3h.png Table 2. Physicochemical properties of the tested Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CNPs) alone and mixed with ANN 2.5 μM in dH2O (pH 7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-the-uv-vis-spectra-of-ann-0-2-mm-in-the-1p9pam3c.png Figure 2. Changes in the UV-vis spectra of ANN 0.2 mM in the presence of increasing concentration of CNPs in dH2O. CNPs concentrations were 8.6 (CNPx.1), 17.2 (CNPx.2) and 172 mg/l (CNPx.3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bioluminescence-inhibition-of-a-cpb4337-in-response-3ippu7y8.png Figure 6. Bioluminescence Inhibition of A. CPB4337 in response to ANN-CNPs complexes after 24 h. A) Effect of the ANN-CNPs complex using different ratios at the No-Observed-Effect-Concentration (NOEC). B) Effect of the ANNCNPs complexes using different ratios at the effective concentration of ANN or CNPs that caused 10% bioluminescence inhibition with respect to a non-treated control (EC10). The green bars indicate antagonism and the dotted line additivity. In all figures the response of A. CPB4337 to ANN and CNPs applied singly is also shown for comparison. Mean ± standard deviation. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) are marked by asterisks. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dose-response-curve-of-ann-from-0-001-to-100-mm-23h85oxc.png Figure 5. Dose-response curve of ANN (from 0.001 to 100 μM), CNP1, CNP2, CNP3 and CNP4 (nanoparticle concentrations from 0.001 to 100 mg/l) for Anabaena CPB4337. At least three independent experiments with three replicates were used (n = 9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-molecular-structure-of-ann-b-ftir-transmission-3ti63l9c.png Figure 1. (A) Molecular structure of ANN. (B) FTIR transmission spectrum of ANN in the 3600–2600 and 1750– 1000 cm−1 regions. A break at 1750 cm−1 was used to improve the clearness of the figure. The entire FTIR spectrum can be found in Supplementary Fig. S2. https://scispace.com/papers/physicochemical-evidence-that-francisella-fupa-and-fupb-5ec531cvan 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fupa-b-inserts-spontaneously-into-liposome-lipid-2701hgqi.png Figure 2. FupA/B inserts spontaneously into liposome lipid bilayers. (A) Coomassie blue staining gel of the purified MBP-FupA/B protein. Marker molecular weights are indicated (kDa). (B) The sucrose Figure 2. FupA/B inserts spontaneously into liposo e lipid bilayers. ( ) Coo assie blue staining gel of the purified MBP-FupA/B protein. arker olecular eights are indicated (k a). (B) The sucrose density gradient (0 to 40%) (left panel) and dot blot analysis of FupA/B (right panel) revealed that the PLs concentrated at the interface between the 0% and the 10% sucrose steps. 2 µL of each sucrose gradient fraction were spotted on a nitrocellulose membrane revealed by anti-His antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and chemiluminescence. The top panel shows the signal obtained with 2 µg of recombinant FupA/B. (C) Comparison of the ANTS fluorescence signals (± SD) from 100 µL of FupA/B PL vs 100 µL of liposomes after G25 filtration (Ex: 405 nm; Em: 535 nm; p-value = 0.0014 between both histograms, non-parametric one-way ANOVA). A linear correlation between the ANTS concentration and the emitted fluorescence was verified via the titration of pure ANTS. These data are representative of 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate and providing similar results. https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-musculoskeletal-model-identification-for-the-57240atm2q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-stimulation-input-a-and-the-measured-simulated-2d43ektv.png Fig. 8. The stimulation input (a) and the measured/simulated system responses (b) for the identification of recruitment function. The identified parameters are: aI =−0.295, Br = 0.593, Cr =−0.994, Dr = 4.203. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-oscillation-during-the-passive-pendulum-the-curve-2qaqy6du.png Fig. 6. The oscillation during the passive pendulum. The curve of simulated knee angles (dotted line) obtained from the identified model and the curve of the measured angles recoded from the electrogoniometer appear to be close. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-measured-and-identified-force-length-relationships-qwxcsyxy.png Fig. 7. The measured and identified force-length relationships of the quadriceps. The forces and the muscle lengths were normalized compared with the maximal force Fmax = 230N and the optimal muscle length Lopt = 0.455m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-data-set-divided-in-two-parts-for-identification-and-3rcasosa.png Fig. 9. Data set divided in two parts (for identification and cross-validation). The amplitude of the input stimulation (a). The measured and the identified system responses (b) and the angular errors (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-experimental-set-up-the-subject-is-seated-the-10ljw9m2.png Fig. 1. The experimental set-up. The subject is seated; the thigh and the trunk were fixed. (a) The shank is free and the angles were measured with an externally mounted electrogoniometer (device 3). (b) The shank is fixed at different positions using the fixation system (device 1) and the torques were recorded through a force sensor (device 2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-knee-biomechanical-model-the-moment-arms-of-muscular-iwe2qy36.png Fig. 2. Knee biomechanical model. The moment arms of muscular force are the pulley radius r1. The quadriceps controls the knee joint extension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-controlled-mechanical-muscle-model-fc-and-fs-are-the-2emwi7z3.png Fig. 4. Controlled mechanical muscle model. Fc and Fs are the forces of the contractile and the serial elements. The contractile element state is controlled by the recruitment rate α . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-complete-muscle-model-6-the-muscle-applies-a-force-on-2n3t7rrc.png Fig. 3. Complete muscle model [6]. The muscle applies a force on the skeletal system while the joint position has effect back on the muscle length. https://scispace.com/papers/physically-constrained-maximum-likelihood-mode-filtering-18dyffrcw4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-iteration-used-in-the-pcml-algorithm-to-find-the-1dicmwtf.png FIG. 1. Iteration used in the PCML algorithm to find the constrained maximum likelihood spatial covariance matrix estimate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-the-performance-of-the-diagonally-1kp7tvf8.png FIG. 4. Comparison of the performance of the diagonally weighted PI filter as the weighting factor is varied. The SMS and MAP filter performances and the total mode energy are included for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-the-performance-of-the-diagonally-ubj08r5j.png FIG. 5. Comparison of the performance of the diagonally weighted MPDR filter as the weighting factor is varied, using 25 snapshots to generate the sample covariance matrix in the MPDR filters. The SMS and MAP filter performances and the total mode energy are included for reference. With a diagonal weighting of 100, the MPDR curve falls on top of the SMS curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-the-performance-of-the-mpdr-mode-filters-1ckj7hjw.png FIG. 3. Comparison of the performance of the MPDR mode filters as the number of snapshots used in the sample covariance matrix is varied. The SMS and MAP filter performances and the total mode energy are included for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-the-performance-of-the-pcml-map-pcml-13lebcz0.png FIG. 6. Comparison of the performance of the PCML-MAP, PCML-MPDR, PI, and reduced rank PI filters. The SMS and MAP filter performances and the total mode energy are included for reference. The PCML algorithms were initialized with 25 data snapshots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-shallow-water-sound-speed-profile-and-mode-shapes-at-3nzhfo1o.png FIG. 2. Shallow water sound speed profile and mode shapes at 200 Hz. https://scispace.com/papers/physiological-synaptic-activity-and-recognition-memory-are-1h6o2cx4wl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-astroglial-rhgln-enters-presynaptic-compartments-upon-35hzm2v8.png Fig. 3. Astroglial RhGln enters presynaptic compartments upon synaptic activity. a, Sample 2  confocal (pink box) and binary images (blue box) showing that after dialysis of a single astrocyte 3  with RhGln (0.8mM, 20min), RhGln-labeled puncta (red) are observed and show increased co-4  localization with the glutamatergic presynaptic marker VGlut1 (green) under repetitive synaptic 5  stimulation (10Hz, 30s every 3min for 20min). b, Bar graph (Mean ± SEM) showing % co-6  localization normalized to total area of RhGln-filled structures for Ct (n=19 fields, 3 independent 7  experiments) and Stim (n=23 fields, 3 independent experiments, p<0.0001, unpaired Student’s t-8  test) conditions. c-d, STED super-resolution imaging confirmed co-localization of VGlut1 (blue) 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-synthesis-and-characterization-of-fluorescent-1ccct1a1.png Fig. 1. Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent rhodamine-tagged glutamine (RhGln) 3  molecule. a, Fluorescent RhGln molecule was prepared using a 5-step chemical synthesis with 4  48% overall yield. b, Characterization of steady state electronic absorption (solid line) and 5  emission (dotted line) spectra of RhGln at excitation wavelength (ex) of 520nm in intracellular 6  solution at 20°C, showing sharp absorption and emission maxima of 580 and 601 nm, respectively. 7  c, Fluorescence lifetime decay of RhGln in intracellular solution at ex of 520nm (blue circles). 8  The instrument response function (IRF, orange squares) and fitted line (Fit, red) are also shown. 9  d, e, Comparison of absorption (d) and emission (e) spectra between RhGln (red line, 0.83µM) 10  and its rhodamine precursor (Rh101, blue line, 0.94µM) at an ex of 530nm in intracellular 11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cx43-is-expressed-in-perisynaptic-astroglial-processes-1u0e43vs.png Fig. 4. Cx43 is expressed in perisynaptic astroglial processes and displays enhanced 1  hemichannel function upon physiological synaptic activity. a, Representative confocal images 2  showing close proximity of Cx43 (blue) in Aldh1l1-eGFP positive astrocytes (green) to 3  presynaptic structures immunolabeled for VGlut1 (red). Higher magnification images of a region 4  containing astroglial processes (yellow square) are shown in the bottom row. Arrowheads denote 5  points of close contact. b, Schematic illustration of co-purification of perisynaptic astroglial 6  processes in crude synaptosomes. c, Representative western blots showing an enrichment of Cx43 7  protein in synaptosomal preparations (Syn) compared to total hippocampal lysates (Hip) in wild 8  type (+/+), but not in glial conditional Cx43 knockout (-/-) mice. GAPDH was used as a loading 9  control. d, Representative high magnification electron micrographs showing the presence of Cx43 10  protein labeled by immunogold particles in astroglial processes near synaptic complexes. e, 11  Distribution histogram of distance between Cx43 gold grains and the nearest active zone. f, Sample 12  images of ethidium bromide (EtBr, red) uptake in hippocampal GFAP-immunolabeled astrocytes 13  (green) are shown in different conditions: Control, Stim (10Hz, 30s every 3min for 20min) in the 14  absence or presence of the Cx43 HC blocker Gap26 or a Gap26 scramble version (Gap26Sr). 15  Higher magnifications of the CA1 stratum radiatum subregion are shown in bottom two rows. g, 16  Schematic illustrating stimulation of hippocampal Schaffer collaterals and EtBr uptake in 17  neighboring astrocytes. h, Quantification of EtBr uptake normalized to 100% control (dotted line) 18  is shown. Stimulation enhanced EtBr uptake by nearly 2-fold (Control, n=6; Stim, n=7, p=0.0002 19  between Control and Stim, One-sampled t-test). This enhanced uptake was not observed in the 20  presence of Gap26 (Stim+Gap26, n=4, p<0.0001 between Stim and Stim+Gap26, p=0.0168 with 21  control) but persisted with Gap26Sr (Stim+Gap26Sr, n=4, p=0.5681 between Stim and 22  Stim+Gap26Sr, p=0.0125 with control), while Gap26 alone decreases EtBr uptake from control 23 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rhgln-reveals-activity-dependent-redistribution-of-1cixzks8.png Fig. 2. RhGln reveals activity-dependent redistribution of glutamine away from astroglial 2  networks to subcellular punctate structures. a, RhGln traffics through gap junction-mediated 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-restoring-in-vivo-cx43-expression-in-hippocampal-2b277zzt.png Fig. 6. Restoring in vivo Cx43 expression in hippocampal astrocytes from Cx43-/- mice 1  rescues activity-dependent transfer of glutamine. a, Sample image of the hippocampus of 2  Cx43-/- mice injected intra-hippocampally with rAAV2/9-GFAP-Cx43-GFP virus, showing 3  numerous cells expressing Cx43-GFP in the CA1 area. The blue box is magnified on the right. b, 4  RhGln (red) was loaded into a Cx43-GFP expressing astrocyte (green) via a patch pipette as shown. 5  Arrow head indicates the patched cell. c, Sample images after immunostaining showing specific 6  expression of Cx43 (blue) in Cx43-GFP-positive (green) astrocytes (GFAP, red). The yellow box 7  is magnified in the bottom row. Solid and dotted white lines outline GFP-positive and -negative 8  astrocytes, respectively. d-g, Cx43-/- mice first received either rAAV2/9-GFAP-Cx43-GFP (-/- 9  Cx43 Rescue, d left, e and g) or rAAV2/9-GFAP-GFP (-/- GFP Control, d right, f and g) virus. 10  Hippocampal astrocytes were then dialyzed with RhGln under either control or synaptic 11  stimulation (10Hz, 30s) conditions for 20min. Both representative confocal (dark background) and 12  thresholded binary (white background) images are shown in d for each condition. The binary 13  images were quantified by Sholl analysis (e and f) and total punctate area (g). The stimulation-14  induced transfer of RhGln was rescued in Cx43-/- mice (n=5) by restoring Cx43 expression 15  selectively in astrocytes via viral infection shown by both Sholl analysis (-/- Cx43 rescue, n=4, 16  p<0.0001, Two-way ANOVA for e) and total punctate area (p=0.0042 between Ct and Stim with 17  -/- Cx43 Rescue, One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test for g) as compared to the GFP 18  control infection (-/- GFP Ct, n=3; Stim, n=3, p=0.9856, Two-way ANOVA for f, p>0.999 19  between Ct and Stim with -/-GFP Control and p<0.0001 between Stim of -/- Cx43 Rescue and -/- 20  GFP Control, One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test for g). Scale bars: a, 200µm (left) 21  and 50µm (right); b, 50µm (top) and 20µm (bottom); c-d, 20µm. Asterisks indicate statistical 22  significance (***: p<0.001; **: p<0.01). 23 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-astroglial-glutamine-supply-via-cx43-hemichannels-34y74wjb.png Fig. 7. Astroglial glutamine supply via Cx43 hemichannels sustains glutamatergic synaptic 2  transmission and is required for novel object recognition memory. a, Schematic drawing 3  depicting recording of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP, field recording) evoked by 4  Schaffer collaterals (SC) stimulation in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices. b, Representative 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cx43-hemichannels-mediate-activity-dependent-transfer-1s4ojxi0.png Fig. 5. Cx43 hemichannels mediate activity-dependent transfer of glutamine from astrocytes 2  to synapses. a, Representative confocal (dark background) and thresholded binary (white 3  background) images of hippocampal CA1 astrocytes dialyzed with RhGln (0.8mM, 20min) via the 4  patch pipette under control or stimulated (10 Hz, 30s every 3min for 20min) conditions in acute 5  slices obtained from: wild type mice (+/+), glial conditional Cx43 knockout mice (-/-) or wild type 6  mice exposed to Gap26 (+/+ Gap26) or Gap26 scramble (+/+ Gap26Sr) peptides. The binary 7  images were quantified by Sholl analysis (b) and total punctate area (c). In +/+ mice, repetitive 8  synaptic stimulation strongly increased the punctate RhGln-labeling compared to control as shown 9  by both Sholl analysis (+/+: Ct, n=12; Stim, n=9, p<0.0001, Two-way ANOVA in b) and total 10  punctate area (p<0.0001 between Ct and Stim in +/+, One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post 11  hoc test in c). This was abolished in -/- mice (-/-: Ct, n=7; Stim, n=5, p=0.1097 in b; p>0.999 12  between Ct and Stim in -/-, and p=0.0002 between Stim of +/+ and -/- in c) or in the presence of 13  Gap26 (+/+ Gap26: Ct, n=8; Stim, n=5, p=0.3044 in b; p>0.999 between Ct and Stim in +/+ 14  Gap26, and p<0.0001 between Stim of +/+ and +/+ Gap26 in c), but unchanged in the presence of 15 https://scispace.com/papers/physiology-based-ivive-predictions-of-tramadol-from-in-vitro-rhote10sw2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-inhibition-plot-represents-rest-fractions-of-jiohgsnr.png Figure 3: The inhibition plot represents rest fractions of metabolite ODT (A) and NDT (B) in relation to inhibitor(s) present. A linear control was always run in parallel to the inhibition assays to determine 100% ODT and NDT formation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-apparent-in-vitro-clearance-ul-min-pmol-cyp-for-1qif2ntw.png Figure 4: the apparent in vitro clearance (µL/min/pmol CYP) for ODT and NDT in relation to the incubation concentrations (µM) of tramadol, for every recombinant enzyme CYP3A4, 2D6 and 2B6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-prediction-of-the-total-clearance-per-clearance-wsv3aetd.png Figure 5: the prediction of the total clearance per clearance model. Black dots are predicted geometric mean clearance and error bars represent the standard deviations. Dashed and dotted lines represent the observed geometric mean and their 2 fold boundaries, respectively. HLM model: hepatic clearance model from human liver microsomes; rCYP model: hepatic clearance model from recombinant human enzymes; Retrograde model: hepatic clearance model from in vivo observed clearance data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-population-simulation-results-for-total-clearance-zgqbgyj6.png Figure 6: population simulation results for total clearance by the 3 models considered in this paper. Open circles (Lintz data (20-22)) and black circle (mean +- 2*sd) (Quetglas data (23)) represent data from in vivo studies with the dashed line https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-enzyme-kinetic-parameters-km-vmax-and-1up55o3v.png Table 2: overview of enzyme kinetic parameters Km, Vmax and CLint and their associated 95% confidence intervals for https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-summary-of-the-clint-values-obtained-in-2v5lwyuu.png Table 1: overall summary of the CLint values obtained in kinetic experiments that were used as input for PBPK. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-population-simulation-results-for-volume-of-26zp9p5w.png Figure 7: population simulation results for volume of distribution (Vss). Since we only considered 1 distribution model, only 1 plot is presented. Open circles (Lintz data (20-22)) and black circle (mean +- 2*sd) (Quetglas data (23)) represent data from in vivo studies with the dashed line being their overall geometric mean and the dotted line their 95% prediction interval. The greyed area represents the 95%prediction interval of the simulated population with its geometric mean as solid black line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sensitivity-analysis-by-a-generalized-linear-model-3kmpmxyw.png Table 4: Sensitivity analysis by a generalized linear model (glm). https://scispace.com/papers/phytol-a-review-of-biomedical-activities-5895rwhwto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-bioactivity-studies-of-phytol-and-its-2kl6zye9.png Table 1. Summary of bioactivity studies of phytol and its derivatives 1 2 https://scispace.com/papers/phytoremediation-of-heavy-metal-and-pah-contaminated-565wbpkvyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-16sr-dna-dgge-fragments-their-percents-similarity-2owsetsv.png Table 5. 16Sr DNA DGGE fragments, their percents similarity and nearest relatives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heavy-metal-accumulation-in-b-juncea-a-s-viminalis-bmirvyr9.png Figure 1. Heavy metal accumulation in B. juncea (a), S. viminalis (b), and F. arundinacea (c) aerial and root tissues. B. juncea, S. viminalis and F. arundinacea designate Indian mustard, willow, and fescue, respectively. Plants were harvested at week 0 (Wk 0), at 1 week (Wk 1) and 2 weeks (Wk 2) without treatment (w/o) or following the addition of EDTA (w). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-heavy-metal-translocation-factors-mg-kg-in-aerial-rufwlqwg.png Figure 2. Heavy metal translocation factors (mg/kg in aerial tissue/mg/kg in roots) for B. juncea (a), S. viminalis (b), and F. arundinacea (c). B. juncea, S. viminalis and F. arundinacea designate Indian mustard, willow, and fescue, respectively. Plants were harvested at week 0 (Wk 0), at 1 week (Wk 1) and 2 weeks (Wk 2) without treatment (w/o) or following the addition of EDTA (w). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-microbial-enumerations-in-the-rhizosphere-of-f-1xg34gtc.png Figure 5. Microbial enumerations in the rhizosphere of F. arundinacea (fescue). Analysis was performed on rhizosphere soil at week 0 (Wk 0), at 1 week (Wk 1) and 2 weeks (Wk 2) without treatment (w/o) or following the addition of EDTA (w). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dgge-analysis-of-soil-and-rhizosphere-microflora-bj-3qjvwyfz.png Figure 6. DGGE analysis of soil and rhizosphere microflora. Bj, Sv, and Fa designate B. juncea (Indian mustard), S. viminalis (willow), and F. arundinacea (fescue), respectively. Lanes 1–2, bulk soil from the begining of the experiment; lanes 3–4, bulk soil from control pots without plants (taken at the end of the experiment); lane 5, bulk soil from an Indian mustard pot (final harvest time week 12, w/o EDTA); lanes 6–7, rhizosphere extracts from Indian mustard (final harvest time week 12, w/o EDTA); lanes 8–9, rhizosphere extracts from Indian mustard (final harvest time week 12, w EDTA); lanes 10–11, rhizosphere extracts from willow (final harvest time week 16, w/o EDTA); lanes 12–13, rhizosphere extracts from fescue (final harvest time week 19, w/o EDTA). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-chemical-characterization-of-soil-3jpm2nxs.png Table 1. Initial chemical characterization of soil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-projected-heavy-metal-extraction-at-first-harvest-i0tf2jf0.png Figure 3. Projected heavy metal extraction at first harvest by each plant species with optimal treatments for each; B. juncea treated with EDTA and harvested two weeks later, S. viminalis without EDTA treatment, and F. arundinacea treated with EDTA and harvested two weeks later. Bj, Sv, and Fa designate B. juncea (Indian mustard), S. viminalis (willow), and F. arundinacea (fescue), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-naphthalene-open-symbols-and-phenanthrene-closed-rqvauxbc.png Figure 4. Naphthalene (open symbols) and phenanthrene (closed symbols) mineralization capabilities of rhizosphere microflora of B. juncea (a), S. viminalis (b), and F. arundinacea (c). Soils tested were from pots at week 0 (Wk 0), at 1 week (Wk 1) and 2 weeks (Wk 2) without treatment (w/o) or following the addition of EDTA (w), and control soils (untreated, unplanted) from Wk 12 (C, Wk 12). https://scispace.com/papers/picking-up-speed-does-ultrafast-broadband-increase-firm-4vpdk1xu45 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-firm-broadband-and-ufb-penetration-rates-3k3v08cr.png Figure 1: Firm broadband and UFB penetration rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-broadband-connection-type-transitions-2010-to-2012-1k768wnc.png Table 2: Broadband connection type transitions (2010 to 2012) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multiple-broadband-connection-types-by-fibre-usage-3domp0z8.png Table 3: Multiple broadband connection types by fibre usage and geographic span https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-number-of-complementary-organisational-investments-17ke5fv6.png Table 12: Number of complementary organisational investments made https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-firms-by-area-unit-level-proportion-11macpf6.png Figure 2: Distribution of firms by Area Unit-level proportion of other firms “needing fibre” that have fibre https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-the-effect-of-ufb-adoption-and-complementary-33bfjivs.png Table 13: The effect of UFB adoption and complementary organisational investment on firm performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-ufb-adoption-and-firm-performance-in-potentially-3o337qtm.png Table 9: UFB adoption and firm performance in potentially high-return industries – OLS estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlates-of-fibre-adoption-marginal-effects-probit-294jtpi0.png Table 4: Correlates of fibre adoption – marginal effects probit regression https://scispace.com/papers/picozoom-a-context-sensitive-multimodal-zooming-interface-4zlqdgys1z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-system-overview-experimental-setup-showing-projector-3kbhzj3c.png Fig. 2. System overview: Experimental setup showing projector, canvas and real world object for plant scenario (1). The designed user study to estimate visibility and legibility issues (2). Augmentation of different plant life, varying content based on the mesofauna principle in correlation to proximity (3). A projection based image viewer with contextual audioscapes (colored dots for illustrative purposes) and zooming capabilities (4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-computed-ppi-for-the-pattern-black-2pj3je8h.png Fig. 4. Comparison between computed PPI for the pattern (black) and mean PPI when detected by users (checkerboard blue, lines orange - detection rates vary, see Figure 3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-left-sketch-depicts-a-traditional-visual-focus-and-rc8ntpe6.png Fig. 1. The left sketch depicts a traditional visual focus and context metaphor (black - focus / grey - context) and the proposed novel concept of alternative context, using real world objects and audioscapes, is illustrated in the middle and right drafts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-the-visibility-test-numbers-indicate-3l1vpxsx.png Fig. 3. Results of the visibility test. Numbers indicate detection rate percentage. https://scispace.com/papers/picosecond-x-ray-studies-of-coherent-folded-acoustic-phonons-4feqfhwo7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fourier-based-power-spectrum-estimate-for-the-xsh2zmwd.png FIG. 3. Fourier based power spectrum estimate for the evolution of the normalized reflectivity at Bragg 0:61 mrad with and without laser pump. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evolution-of-the-normalized-reflectivity-at-bragg-0-3-v9p85ea0.png FIG. 2. Evolution of the normalized reflectivity at Bragg 0:3 mrad. The inset shows the evolution of the normalized reflectivity at the same angle for a bulk GaSb crystal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-evolution-of-normalized-reflectivity-at-bragg-0-61-20x416j2.png FIG. 1. Evolution of normalized reflectivity at Bragg 0:61 mrad. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-phonon-dispersion-diagram-for-the-gasb-inas-1hr0po4s.png FIG. 4. Phonon dispersion diagram for the GaSb=InAs heterostructure (lines) calculated within an elastic continuum model [4]. Also shown are the experimentally observed frequencies [bullets, PSE of the recorded reflectivity R t =R0]. The error bars represent the maximum error estimates of the error in the time calibration (linear regression) of the streak camera. https://scispace.com/papers/pictorial-image-code-a-color-vision-based-automatic-28lfx9jnbc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-general-parallel-network-architecture-fig-2-the-new-ftot22mc.png Fig 1. A general parallel network architecture. Fig 2. The new vision of a protocol tree. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-impact-of-beacon-interval-fig-4-impact-of-number-of-399cizl5.png Fig 3. Impact of beacon interval Fig 4. Impact of number of nodes Fig 5. Impact of ParaNets percentage https://scispace.com/papers/pid-control-as-a-process-of-active-inference-with-linear-1e8xi3srvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-active-inference-as-a-general-framework-for-pid-2jjog880.png Table 1. Active inference as a general framework for PID controllers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-different-responses-to-load-disturbances-and-set-2c3oy2su.png Figure 3. Different responses to load disturbances and set-point changes. The simulations were 300 s long, with an external disturbance/different target velocity introduced at t = 150 s. Here we report only a 20 s time window around the change in conditions. (a) The same load disturbance (v = 3.0 km/h2) is applied with varying expected process precisions πw̃ where πw = {exp(−24), exp(−22), exp(−20)}. Expected sensory log-precisions πz̃ are fixed over the duration of the simulations, with µγz = 1; (b) A similar example for changes in the target velocity of the car, from ηx = 13 km/h to ηx = 10 km/h, tested on varying expected process precisions πw̃ where πw = {exp(−24), exp(−22), exp(−20)}. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-pid-controller-46-the-prediction-error-e-t-is-2yrhbv32.png Figure 1. A PID controller [46]. The prediction error e(t) is given by the difference between a reference signal r(t), yr in our formulation, and the output y(t) of a process. The different terms, one proportional to the error (P term), one integrating the error over time (I term) and one differentiating it (D term), drive the control signal u(t). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-cruise-controller-based-on-pi-control-under-2la6vgqt.png Figure 2. A cruise controller based on PI control under active inference. (a) The response of the car velocity over time with a target state, or prior in our formulation, ηx = 10 km/h, ηx′ = 0 km/h2; (b) The acceleration of the car over time with a specified prior η′x = 0 km/h2; (c) The external force v, introduced at t = 150 s, models a sudden change in the environmental conditions, for instance wind or change in slope. Action obtained via the minimisation of variational free energy with respect to a and counteracts the effects of v. The motor action is never zero since we assume a constant slope, λ = 4◦ (see Table A1, Appendix A); (d) The model car we implemented, where v could be thought of as a sudden wind or a changing slope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimising-pid-gains-as-expected-sensory-log-alvk3ige.png Figure 4. Optimising PID gains as expected sensory log-precisions µγz̃ . This example shows the control of the car velocity before and after the optimisation of µγz̃ (before and after the vertical dash dot black line) is introduced. (a) The velocity of the car; (b) The acceleration of the car; (c) The action of the car, with an external disturbance introduced at t = 150 s; (d) The optimisation of expected sensory precisions µγz̃ and their convergence to an equilibrium state, after which the optimisation is stopped before introducing an external force. The blue line represents the true log-precision of observation noise in the system, γz = γz′ = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-of-pid-controllers-with-and-without-38dnj3vb.png Figure 5. Performance of PID controllers with and without adaptation of the gains based on the minimisation of free energy. The integral absolute error (IAE) is used to measure the effects of the oscillations introduced by a single load disturbance at t = 150 s (see text for the exact definition of the IAE). https://scispace.com/papers/piecewise-polynomial-phase-approximation-approach-for-the-2dus71t86j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-error-plots-when-continuous-phase-distribution-of-2i7feetn.png Figure 3: Error plots when continuous phase distribution of Fig. 2a is estimated with (a) WFR method (b) P3A2 method (Nw = 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-simulated-fringe-pattern-at-snr-of-30-db-b-phase-29kpga4v.png Figure 2: (a) Simulated fringe pattern at SNR of 30 dB (b) Phase estimated along the middle row using the middle row using P3A2 (Nw = 4) (c) 3-D plot of the estimated phase over the whole image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-estimated-phase-over-a-segment-using-mle-at-snr-1ibw4cjc.png Figure 1: (a) Estimated phase over a segment using MLE at SNR of 30 dB (b) Error in estimation (c) Estimated phase of the whole signal when â0 is calculated using equation(8)(Nw = 4), (d) Estimated phase of the same signal when â0 is calculated using equation(10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-experimentally-recorded-fringe-pattern-for-a-340tfjt9.png Figure 4: (a) Experimentally recorded fringe pattern for a circularly clamped object with central loading (b) Phase calculated using the proposed P3A2 method (Nw = 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-phase-calculated-using-the-arctan-function-b-2qvaizo4.png Figure 5: (a) Phase calculated using the arctan function (b) Wrapped phase generated from Fig. 4b for the sake of comparison (c) Wrapped phase map generated from the estimated phase with Nw = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/pilonidal-sinus-of-the-scalp-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-4l9cjsdx10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-macroscopy-specimens-of-the-lesion-b-the-hair-1gxuyith.png Figure 2. (a) Macroscopy specimens of the lesion. (b) The hair shafts were embedded in the granulation tissue covered with benign squamous epithelium (H&E; x200) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-lesion-was-surgically-excised-and-sutured-2zzt03mh.png Figure 1. The lesion was surgically excised and sutured primarly https://scispace.com/papers/pitfalls-in-tests-for-changes-in-correlations-3mhh3gyoxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dependence-of-ra-on-var-x-a-var-x-1j34lf04.png Figure 1: Dependence of ρA on Var(x | A)/ Var(x) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-empirical-and-theoretical-conditional-correlations-2nexqqe6.png Table 5: Empirical and theoretical conditional correlations, two-sided events, exchange rate data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-german-and-japanese-exchange-rates-vs-u-s-dollar-a5nxv45t.png Figure 2: German and Japanese exchange rates vs. U.S. dollar: Scatterplot of daily log changes × 100, January 1991–December 1998 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conditional-correlations-two-sided-events-bivariate-jfabxg6a.png Table 2: Conditional correlations, two-sided events, bivariate normal random variables x and y are bivariate normal with zero mean and unit variance. Events A are two-sided “tail” events of the marginal distribution of x. https://scispace.com/papers/pivotality-and-responsibility-attribution-in-sequential-1zxuqlir9v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-an-econometric-comparison-of-different-punishment-q62s46g9.png Table 3: An econometric comparison of different punishment motives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-voters-choices-and-resulting-allocations-for-voters-a5lfob6l.png Figure 1: Voters’ Choices and Resulting Allocations for Voters and Receivers https://scispace.com/papers/pipa-a-new-proximal-interior-point-algorithm-for-large-scale-mgay16dz0u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-abundance-map-of-asphalt-ground-truth-a-nonregularized-2znyfydl.png Fig. 2. Abundance map of Asphalt. Ground truth (a), nonregularized solution SNR= 2.98 dB (b). After 16 s with : PIPA SNR= 3.99 dB (c), ADMM SNR= 3.36 dB (d), PDS SNR= −4.22 dB (e), GFBS SNR= −4.01 dB (f). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-top-snr-versus-time-bottom-distance-from-the-iterates-2nrapq07.png Fig. 1. (top) SNR versus time. (bottom) Distance from the iterates to the solution versus time. https://scispace.com/papers/pixel-readout-electronics-development-for-the-alice-pixel-2crpublasg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-of-the-circuitry-within-one-pixel-cell-sq8vjtwn.png Figure 4: A schematic of the circuitry within one pixel cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-time-structure-of-the-pattern-used-to-timestamp-2z0phjmw.png Figure 5: The time structure of the pattern used to timestamp hits in the delay units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-floorplan-of-the-alice1-chip-1drsuop1.png Figure 3: Schematic floorplan of the ALICE1 chip. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-an-alice-half-stave-showing-the-16-27d97ns2.png Figure 1: Schematic of an ALICE half-stave, showing the 16 front-end chips and 2 silicon sensors, readout electronics and connector. The length of a half-stave will be about 20cm and the width 17mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-of-a-pixel-hpd-3biumzcd.png Figure 2: Schematic of a pixel HPD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-configuration-in-alice-mode-3rilabi1.png Figure 6: The configuration in ALICE mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-configuration-in-lhcb-mode-39nx4io3.png Figure 7: The configuration in LHCb mode. https://scispace.com/papers/place-based-correlates-of-motor-vehicle-theft-and-recovery-jb5zmk6whc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-28lfjcef.png Table 1. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-risk-factor-conceptualisation-and-justification-plyoe77a.png Table 1. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-negative-binomial-regression-findings-interaction-u4eaza86.png Table 5. Negative binomial regression findings, interaction terms IRR (RSE). Motor Vehicle Recoveries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-motor-vehicle-theft-and-recovery-concentration-1t2kp9jq.png Figure 1. Motor Vehicle Theft and Recovery concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-influence-and-neighbourhood-vulnerability-23k2betu.png Figure 2. Spatial influence and neighbourhood vulnerability maps. Note: In each of the maps, grid cells are the unit of analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-negative-binomial-regression-findings-interaction-2e7p8a3f.png Table 4. Negative binomial regression findings, interaction terms IRR (RSE). Motor Vehicle Thefts. https://scispace.com/papers/places-where-people-matter-the-marketing-dynamics-of-cy6yyfdryx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-marketing-dynamics-of-fairtrade-towns-13rurpdn.png FIGURE 1. The Marketing Dynamics of Fairtrade Towns. https://scispace.com/papers/planning-and-monitoring-the-execution-of-web-service-1flsinxdkj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-high-level-architecture-z5fobsee.png Fig. 2. High-level architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-xsrl-request-2hiz43kt.png Fig. 3. An XSRL request. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-business-domain-30q9pa43.png Fig. 1. Business domain. https://scispace.com/papers/plant-responses-to-diversity-driven-selection-and-associated-41m3fs20c2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anova-results-for-experiment-2-assessing-the-effects-23givwvd.png TABLE 3 ANOVA results for Experiment 2 assessing the effects of plant history (PH), species identity (Species or Sp) and non-AMF microbial 782 soil-inoculum treatments (Soil) and their interactions on plant performance and traits. Because pots were completely randomized within blocks 783 (Block), all effects were tested against the residual. However, because not all plants could be measured and harvested at the same time, we used 784 a covariate (Days) to account for the number of number of days between planting and final harvesting. The overall variation among non-AMF 785 microbial soil-inoculum treatments is split into the indented contrast terms in italics, partitioning out the effects of the sterile control versus 786 inoculation with non-AMF microbial communities from the field (Str vs Mic or Str), and non-AMF microbial communities from the field 787 cultivated under plant monocultures versus plant mixtures (Mono vs Mix or MM). For abbreviations of dependent variables see Table 1. DF, 788 degrees of freedom; %SS, contribution to total sum of squares, i.e. percent variance explained; P, probability of type-I error; significant effects 789 (P<0.05) are highlighted in bold. 790 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plant-growth-and-leaf-traits-measured-at-the-given-2l0ud2dw.png TABLE 1 Plant growth and leaf traits measured at the given time points in Experiment 1 766 (“Plant age” in weeks) and after 19–23 weeks in Experiment 2. 767 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-anova-results-for-experiment-1-assessing-the-effects-125yip75.png TABLE 2 ANOVA results for Experiment 1 assessing the effects of plant history (PH), species identity (Species or Sp) and AMF soil-772 inoculation treatments (Soil) and their interactions on plant performance and traits. Because pots were completely randomized within blocks 773 (Block), all effects were tested against the residual. The overall variation among AMF soil-inoculation treatments is split into the indented 774 contrast terms in italics, partitioning out the effects of the sterile control versus AMF present (Str vs AMF or Str), the inoculation with R. 775 irregulare versus inoculation with AMF communities from the field (Ri vs Field or Ri), and AMF communities from the field cultivated under 776 plant monocultures versus plant mixtures (Mono vs Mix or MM). For abbreviations of dependent variables see Table 1. DF, degrees of freedom; 777 %SS, contribution to total sum of squares, i.e. percent variance explained; P, probability of type-I error; significant effects (P<0.05) are 778 highlighted in bold. 779 https://scispace.com/papers/plant-budding-speciation-predominant-by-ecological-and-2osm0aoibg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-parapatric-speciation-in-plants-3nqtzntb.png Table 3 Examples of parapatric speciation in plants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-molecular-variance-amova-results-for-3v2kb0ta.png Table 1 Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results for individuals from two contrasted groups: (1) mainland, I. linifolia and (2) coastal, I. kuzinskyana and I. littoralis. https://scispace.com/papers/planting-parallel-program-simulation-on-the-cloud-2rrhb1mdps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-for-the-jacobi-model-case-study-1muhdd3h.png Figure 3. Results for the Jacobi model case study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mjades-web-interface-2ap724ny.png Figure 2. mJADES web interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulation-time-and-speedup-versus-number-of-3pfsvgp3.png Figure 4. Simulation time and speedup versus number of cloudlets used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-modeling-framework-2uew5xh8.png Figure 1. The modeling framework. https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-cell-free-dna-and-qsofa-score-predict-7-day-mortality-1vra1qtpba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-clinical-presentation-and-1nscvjzi.png Table 1. Patient characteristics, clinical presentation and microbiological data of the study population https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-line-plot-diagram-showing-cell-free-dna-cfdna-6fzoif0q.png Figure 1. A line plot diagram showing cell free DNA (cfDNA) levels during days 0 to 4 after admission to emergency department in 44 patients who died by day 7 (black plots) and 437 survivors (open plots). One case with all cfDNA levels over 30 µg/ml excluded from the figure. *Cutoff, cfDNA value of 1.69 µg/ml had an optimal sensitivity of 70.4% and specificity of 76.4% in predicting day 7 mortality from the day 0 sample based on the AUC-ROC-analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-receiver-operating-characteristic-roc-curve-on-2c6msc5j.png Figure 2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve on plasma cell-free DNA level, qSOFA score ≥2 and both cfDNA>1.69 µg/ml and qSOFA score ≥2 measured on day of admission to the Emergency Department in relation to case fatality by day 7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-diagnostic-values-of-day-0-cfdna-with-cut-off-value-3kk7nphv.png Table 3. Diagnostic values of day 0 cfDNA with cut-off value of 1.69 µg/ml, qSOFA score ≥2 and both qSOFA score ≥2 and cfDNA>1.69 µg/ml in predicting death by day 7 and day 28. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-day-28-survival-in-culture-positive-1izf9a89.png Figure 3. Cumulative day 28 survival in culture-positive cases with A) maximum plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) > 1.69 µg/ml compared with those with cfDNA ≤ 1.69 µg/ml, B) qSOFA score ≥2 compared with those with qSOFA score <2 and C) cfDNA >1.69 and qSOFA score ≥2 compared with those with cfDNA≤ 1.69 µg/ml and qSOFA<2. The survival curve was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival differences between groups were compared by log-rank test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-day-of-admission-plasma-cell-free-dna-cfdna-values-29j5p7lx.png Table 4. Day of admission plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) values stratified by various demographic features, underlying conditions and severity of sepsis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plasma-cell-free-dna-cfdna-levels-during-days-0-to-4-2smhtnjl.png Table 2. Plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) levels during days 0 to 4 after admission to emergency department in all cases and in relation to death by day 7 https://scispace.com/papers/plasmodium-purine-metabolism-and-its-inhibition-by-1ae00qtj4y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-bisphosphonate-anps-tested-on-human-and-malarial-6-38b0nwph.png Figure 21: Bisphosphonate ANPs tested on human and malarial 6-oxopurinePRTs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representative-scheme-of-pf-purine-metabolism-in-2bvco6sw.png Figure 4: Representative scheme of Pf purine metabolism In red: main path or nucleic acids synthesis in Pf https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-studies-of-the-impact-of-the-chain-length-of-anps-30qmiqa6.png Figure 18: Studies of the impact of the chain length of ANPs on their inhibitory activities against Pf, Pv and human 6-oxopurinePRTs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-cyano-aza-anps-and-prodrugs-against-pf-hgxprt-and-1dqhdfhq.png Figure 28: Cyano-aza-ANPs and prodrugs against Pf HGXPRT and human HGPRT g. Bisphosphonate aza-ANPs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mechanism-and-transition-state-of-the-6-1lonky3h.png Figure 6: Mechanism and transition state of the 6-oxopurinephosphoribosyltransferase catalyzed reaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-biological-assessment-of-anbp-prodrugs-on-pf-1ke46px4.png Figure 22: Biological assessment of ANbP prodrugs on Pf strains https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-transition-state-analogues-as-pf-pnp-inhibitors-pawsb340.png Table 3. Transition state analogues as Pf PNP inhibitors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-common-structure-of-first-generation-immucillins-ofcqww64.png Figure 11: Common structure of first-generation immucillins https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-exchange-for-primary-autoimmune-autonomic-failure-sbw97zmlwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-concentrations-of-nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor-2c9xv8lq.png Figure 2. Concentrations of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody (Panel A) and Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure after One Minute of Standing (Panel B). https://scispace.com/papers/plasma-electrolytic-oxidation-and-corrosion-protection-of-2lg0rq2a53 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1jyxaipk.png Fig 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-xcnn0qgg.png Fig 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-32zaw9cu.png Fig 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-qmm792z2.png Fig 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-eds-analysis-o96zjc15.png Table 1. Results of EDS analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-3rj0ovsg.png Fig 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3w1z09cf.png Fig 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-30jym98t.png Fig 2 https://scispace.com/papers/plasmodium-falciparum-dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase-3-activity-df7h3xsdby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-generation-of-complementation-lines-a-quantification-1bjru397.png Fig 5. Generation of complementation lines. (A) Quantification of excision efficiency for DPAP3cKO and complementation lines. Schizonts collected after DMSO or RAP treatment were stained with anti-mCherry and anti-SUB1 antibodies. SUB1 staining was used as a marker of schizont maturity. The amount of mCherry positive schizonts was quantified in relation to the total amount of mature schizonts. In DMSO treated parasites, all mature schizonts were mCherry positive (100%). The amount of non-excised parasites after RAP treatment was<5% in all biological replicates for all the cKO and complementation lines tested. Each circle corresponds to a different biological replicate (>100 schizonts were analyzed per biological isolate). Filled circles correspond to F8cKO and its complementation lines, and empty ones to the A1cKO line. (B) IFA analysis of the complementation lines showing colocalization of chromosomal DPAP3-mCh and episomal DPAP3-HA expressed under the dpap3 or ama1 promoters. Mature schizonts from the F8cKO+WTdpap3, F8cKO +MUTdpap3, F8cKO+WTama1, and F8cKO+MUTama1 were fixed and stained with anti-HA (red) and anti-mCherry (green). DNA was stained with DAPI (blue); scale bar: 5μm. Single coloured images are shown in S6C Fig. (C) Quantification of the amount of DPAP3-HA positive schizonts in the complementation lines. Schizonts were fixed at 48 h.p.i. and stained with anti-HA and anti-SUB1 antibodies. Only 60–80% of mature schizonts show positive HA staining with no difference between DMSO and RAP treated parasites. More than 100 schizonts per biological replicate were analyzed. (D) FY01 labelling of cKO and complementation lines. After DMSO or RAP treatment at ring stage, C2-arrested schizonts were collected, lysed, and labelled with FY01. Labelling of chromosomal DPAP3-mCh is clearly visible as a band around 150kDa along with some post-lysis degradation products indicated by asterisks. The loss of this 150kDa upon RAP treatment is observed in all lines except the E7ctr. Episomal WT DPAP3-HA is labelled by FY01 independently of RAP treatment and co-migrates with one of the degradation products of DPAP3-mCh at 125kDa. No labelling of MUT DPAP3-HA was observed. DPAP1 labelling by FY01 is shown as a loading control. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-role-of-dpap3-in-rbc-invasion-a-representative-facs-3zmtgpuh.png Fig 8. Role of DPAP3 in RBC invasion. (A) Representative FACS plot (forward light scattering vs. Hoechst staining) showing a decrease in invasion of the A1cKO upon RAP treatment. The populations of uRBCs, rings, and schizonts (Sch) are indicated. (B) Analysis of invasion efficiency of DPAP3 cKO and complementation lines. Schizonts collected 45 h after DMSO or RAP treatment were incubated with fresh erythrocytes for 8–14 h, fixed, stained with Hoechst, and analyzed by FACS. Shown is the ratio in invasion efficiency between RAP- and DMSO-treated parasites. Filled and empty circles represent individual biological replicates for the F8cKO and A1cKO, respectively and their corresponding complementation lines. Student’s t test significance values between cell lines are shown above the lines, or above each bar when comparing to the E7ctr. Only significant p-values are shown. (C) FACS analysis of extracellular merozoites. C2-arrested A1cKO schizonts pretreated with DMSO or RAP were incubated with fresh RBCs after C2 removal. Samples were collected at the indicated time points, fixed, and stained with Hoechst and WGA-Alexa647. The FACS plot and histogram show samples collected 20 min after C2 washout. Free merozoites (Mrz) show positive staining for DNA but negative for WGA-Alexa647. Quantification of the different parasite stage populations over time is shown on the bar graph; biological replicates are shown in S9 Fig. (D) Quantification of attached merozoites by flow cytometry. Samples collected 15 and 20 min after C2 washout during invasion assays (performed as in C), were stained with Hoechst and anti-MSP1 antibody (anti-mouse Alexa488 as secondary antibody). Because MSP1 is shed during invasion, merozoites attached to the RBCM (Att Mrz) can be differentiated from intracellular parasites as the cell population positive for DNA and MSP1 staining. FACS plots compare anti-mouse Alexa488 staining in samples treated with or without the anti-MSP1 antibody. MSP1 staining (green) of attached merozoites under these conditions was confirmed by microscopy (central panel). Quantification of the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dpap3-is-secreted-at-the-time-of-egress-a-c2-arrested-3rzq9pea.png Fig 2. DPAP3 is secreted at the time of egress. (A) C2-arrested schizonts (DPAP3-HA) were either left on C2, treated with E64 after C2 wash out, or allowed to egress for 1 h in the presence of FY01. Parasite pellets from free merozoites and schizonts (insoluble fraction obtained after saponin lysis), proteins precipitated from the culture supernatant, and PV and RBC cytosol components (soluble saponin fraction), were run on a SDS-PAGE. The presence of DPAP3-HA in each fraction was visualized as a fluorescent band at around 130kDa, which correspond to the band identified by WB using an anti-HA antibody (See also S4A Fig). Hsp70 and BiP antibodies were used as WB markers of intracellular proteins (cytosol and ER, respectively), and SERA5 as a PV marker. (B) Mature DPAP3-mCh schizonts were arrested with C2 for 3 h, and egress observed by live video microscopy after C2 wash out (S1–S3 Videos). The representative still-frame pictures show DIC and mCherry signal (red) before or after PVM breakdown, and after RBCM rupture. (C) Quantification of mCherry signal measured on consecutive frames before and after PVM breakdown. Around 20% of the signal originates from the hemozoin autofluorescence (red line). As a bleaching control, the mCherry signal of schizonts that did not egress was quantified at the corresponding https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-generation-of-dpap3-cko-lines-a-schematic-281bffxm.png Fig 4. Generation of DPAP3 cKO lines. (A) Schematic representation and assessment of the dpap3 recombinant genetic locus before and after RAP-mediated excision for the F8cKO and A1cKO lines. Wild type exons (EX) and intron (IN) sequences are depicted with grey and pink boxes, respectively. The homology regions used for single crossover recombination are indicated with blue lines, and the recodonized 3’ end of the second exon is shown in green (scEX2). loxP sites (yellow arrows) were introduced downstream of the P. berghei 3’UTR (white circle) and either within the ORF of scEX2 (A1cKO) or upstream of scEX2 (F8cKO) as a loxPint artificial intron (pink striped box). The mCherry coding sequence (red box), the hdhfr resistance cassette (black box), and the displaced endogenous dpap3 locus with its 3’UTR (black circle) are also shown. Arrows indicate primers annealing sites used for diagnostic PCR of excised (purple) and non-excised (green) loci. (B) Diagnostic PCR showing excision at the dpap3-locus. PCR was performed on genomic DNA collected from the E7ctr, A1cKO and F8cKO lines 24 h after DMSO or RAP treatment. Genomic DNA from the parental 1G5 line was used as a negative control. Excision and non-excision PCR products are indicated with purple and green arrows, respectively. Excision product was only observed after RAP treatment of the cKO lines. The presence of a non-excised PCR product after RAP treatment indicate that excision is not 100% efficient. (C) WB analysis showing highly efficient loss of DPAP3 upon RAP treatment. Schizonts collected 45 h after DMSO or RAP treatment of E7ctr and F8cKO parasites were saponin lysed, and the parasite pellet analyzed by WB using an anti-mCherry antibody (red arrow). SUB1 was used as a loading control (blue arrow). (D) IFA analysis of mature schizonts showing the loss of DPAP3 signal after RAP treatment. Ring-stage F8cKO parasites were treated with DMSO or RAP for 3 h and fixed for IFA analysis at 48 h.p.i. Slides were stained with anti-mCherry (green) and anti-MSP1 (red) or anti-SUB1 (red) antibodies. DNA was stained with DAPI (blue); scale bar: 5 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-role-of-dpap3-in-parasite-egress-a-l-wsak-is-a-more-r99o42jl.png Fig 7. Role of DPAP3 in parasite egress. (A) L-WSAK is a more selective DPAP3 inhibitor than SAK1. The structures of SAK1, L-WSAK and D-WSAK are shown. Merozoite or schizont lysates were pre-incubated with a dose response of inhibitor for 30 min followed by FY01 labelling. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel, and the gel scanned on a flatbed fluorescence scanner. Bands corresponding to each of the labelled cysteine proteases are indicated by arrows. (B) Effect of inhibitors on egress. DMSO or RAP treated A1cKO parasites were treated at schizont stage with a dose response of inhibitor for 24 h. The accumulation of schizonts upon inhibitor treatment was quantified by FACS. (C) Analysis of egress by video microscopy. C2-arrested schizonts obtained from DMSO- or RAP-treated of A1cKO, F8cKO, F3cKO or E7ctr parasite lines were monitored by time-lapse DIC microscopy for 30 min after C2 washout. Representative still images taken at 0, 15, and 30 min are shown for F8cKO parasites. The full time-lapse video can be seen in S4 Video. The percentage of schizonts that egressed during this 30 min time-lapse (left graph) and the time at which each individual schizont ruptured (right graph) are shown. Bar graphs show mean values ± standard deviation; circles show individual biological replicates (filled for F8cKO, empty for A1cKO, and grey for F3cKO). (D) WB analysis of culture supernatant collected after egress of 3D7 and A1cKO after DMSO or RAP treatment. No differences in the processing of AMA1, MSP1 or SERA5 was observed as a result of DPAP3 truncation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-conditional-knock-out-of-dpap3-leads-to-a-severe-1fvboqh4.png Fig 6. Conditional knock-out of DPAP3 leads to a severe growth defect. (A) Evaluation of parasite growth by plaque assay. Our different parasite lines were treated with DMSO or RAP and grown in flat bottom 96-well plates at 10 iRBC/well, and the number of plaques counted after 10–14 days (S1 Table). The ratio between RAP and DMSO treated parasites is plotted in the bar graph. Representative images of two wells from DMSO or RAP treatment of F8cKO parasites are shown (plaques are indicated by arrows). (B) Plaques originating from RAP-treatment of cKO lines contain non-excised parasites. Parasites from 12 wells that only contained a single plaque after RAP treatment of F3cKO and F8cKO parasites were expanded, and their genomic DNA analyzed for excision (purple arrow) and non-excision (green arrow) by PCR. (C-D) Effect of DPAP3 cKO on parasite proliferation. The growth of DMSO- or RAP-treated E7ctr and DPAP3cKO lines was monitored by FACS for four cycles. Cumulative percentage parasitemia was fitted to an exponential growth model. Representative growth curves for F8cKO and E7ctr parasites are shown. The bar graph shows the effect of RAP treatment on the culture multiplication rate per cycle relative to DMSO treatment. (D) Representative parasite proliferation curves obtained after RAP treatment of F8cKO and its complementation lines. Bar graph compares the multiplication rate after RAP treatment of DPAP3cKO lines complemented with WT or MUT DPAP3. (A, C and D) Each circle indicates a biological replicate: filled, F8cKO and its complementation lines; empty, A1cKO; grey, F3cKO. Error bars represent standard deviations. Only student’s t test significant values are shown. (E) Effect of DPAP3 KO on parasite development. Tightly synchronized A1cKO parasites pre-treated with DMSO or RAP were monitored over 76 h by FACS based on DNA content (Hoechst staining). Left Graph: No differences in DNA content was observed between DMSO and RAP treatment. Right Graph: The time-dependent decrease of parasites belonging to the 1st cycle (c1) after DMSO or RAP treatment coincides with an increase of a parasite population belonging to 2nd cycle (c2), thus effectively monitoring egress and invasion. Results are the mean ± standard deviation of three technical replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dpap3-has-proteolytic-activity-a-analysis-of-purified-1slnxzht.png Fig 3. DPAP3 has proteolytic activity. (A) Analysis of purified rDPAP3. Two main bands are detected by silver stain, both of which are strongly labelled by FY01 and recognized by the anti-Nt-DPAP3 and anti-Ct-DPAP3 antibodies. All other minor bands in the silver stain are also recognized by DPAP3 antibodies and represent degradation products that could not be separated during purification. (B) Measurement of VR-ACC turnover and FY01 labelling for WT and C504S MUT rDPAP3. Silver stain analysis shows equivalent amounts of protein were obtained from the purification of WT and MUT rDPAP3. (C) pH dependence of rDPAP3 activity measured at 10 μM VR-ACC (n = 3). https://scispace.com/papers/platform-independent-modelling-in-mda-supporting-abstract-2woqzz5x7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-behaviour-of-the-conferencecomponent-represented-as-a-tioa5jh4.png Fig. 8. Behaviour of the ConferenceComponent represented as a state-machine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-realization-of-the-conferenceabstractplatform-1rcmsz7n.png Fig. 7. A realization of the ConferenceAbstractPlatform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-conferenceabstractplatform-3n2tr376.png Fig. 5. The ConferenceAbstractPlatform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-conferencebinding-state-machine-17dmum2q.png Fig. 6. The ConferenceBinding state-machine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-alternative-approaches-to-platform-specific-wd36t7mk.png Fig. 1. Alternative approaches to platform-specific realization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-alternative-realization-of-the-2ul3xpa8.png Fig. 9. Alternative realization of the ConferenceAbstractPlatform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-uml-profile-specializing-the-exchange-of-3149gbpz.png Fig. 4. A UML profile specializing the exchange of asynchronous messages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relations-between-the-pim-of-the-application-and-the-33bv3a38.png Fig. 3. Relations between the PIM of the application and the abstract platforms defined with the implicit and explicit approaches https://scispace.com/papers/plastid-and-nuclear-dna-markers-reveal-intricate-3vqwcq87l2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-pollen-types-in-1zxpkv40.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of pollen types in Sapindaceae following Müller and Leenhouts (1976). See text for explanations regarding the morphological differentiation between pollen types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationships-within-subfamilies-hippocastanoideae-3gfouj7h.png Fig. 3. Relationships within subfamilies Hippocastanoideae (clade A) and Dodonaeoideae (clade B). Bootstrap supports are indicated above branches. The revised infrafamilial classification based on molecular and morphological characters is indicated in grey. See Fig. 2 for abbreviations of tribes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-infrafamilial-classification-of-sapindaceae-sensu-es9zv7dz.png Table 1 Infrafamilial classification of Sapindaceae sensu lato (Radlkofer, 1933; Müller and Leenhouts, 1976; Thorne, 2007). Information on number of taxa, habit and distribution of genera were taken from literature (Radlkofer, 1933; Acevedo-Rodríguez, 1993a,b, 2003; Adema et al., 1994; Ferrucci 1991, 1998; Davies, 1997; Davies and Verdcourt, 1998; Klaassen, 1999; Thomas and Harris, 1999; Xia and Gadek, 2007; Mabberley, 2008). Abbreviations are as follows: s, shrub; st, small tree; t, tree; l, liana. Genera sampled for the phylogenetic analysis of Sapindaceae are indicated in bold and genera found to be either paraphyletic or polyphyletic are identified by an asterisk ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phylogenetic-relationships-within-the-cupania-group-18xcsdcd.png Fig. 6. Phylogenetic relationships within the Cupania group (clade C-VI; see Fig. 4). Bootstrap supports are indicated above branches. See Fig. 2 for abbreviations of tribes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-bootstrap-support-for-each-clade-j5hn9nvf.png Table 4 Summary of the bootstrap support for each clade recovered in the four total evidence trees because this lineage is only composed by Delavaya yunnanensis. Note: Although monophyle based on the ‘‘4 markers” data set. MP, maximum parsimony; ML, maximum likelihood. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-level-of-topological-agreement-based-on-ea-distances-1o3f7ff9.png Table 3 Level of topological agreement (based on EA distances) between total evidence trees inferred from the ‘‘4 markers” and ‘‘4+4 markers” data sets. See text for explanations regarding the compilation of these data sets. MP, maximum parsimony; ML, maximum likelihood. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2l0oe011.png Table 1 Infrafamilial classification of Sapindaceae sensu lato (Radlkofer, 1933; Müller and Leenhouts, 1976; Thorne, 2007). Information on number of taxa, habit and distribution of genera were taken from literature (Radlkofer, 1933; Acevedo-Rodríguez, 1993a,b, 2003; Adema et al., 1994; Ferrucci 1991, 1998; Davies, 1997; Davies and Verdcourt, 1998; Klaassen, 1999; Thomas and Harris, 1999; Xia and Gadek, 2007; Mabberley, 2008). Abbreviations are as follows: s, shrub; st, small tree; t, tree; l, liana. Genera sampled for the phylogenetic analysis of Sapindaceae are indicated in bold and genera found to be either paraphyletic or polyphyletic are identified by an asterisk ( ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phylogenetic-relationships-within-the-litchi-group-2ybi1u4m.png Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships within the Litchi group (clade C-IV; see Fig. 4). Bootstrap supports are indicated above branches. See Fig. 2 for abbreviations of tribes. https://scispace.com/papers/plethora-proteins-as-dose-dependent-master-regulators-of-17bzd12kep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plt-expression-regulates-stem-cell-maintenance-and-2k17y8o3.png Figure 3 | PLT expression regulates stem cell maintenance and meristem boundary. a–d, Meristem prolongation but not stem cell rescue in RCH2PLT2–YFP plants. Nomarski optics image of root tip of 7 d.p.g. plt1;plt2 (a), and of plt1;plt2 RCH2-PLT2–YFP at 7 d.p.g. (b) and 12 d.p.g. (c). Starch granule staining (brown) shows no rescue of columella stem cells below the quiescent centre. Confocal view of 7 d.p.g. plt1;plt2 RCH2-PLT2–YFP root (d) shows that the meristem is rescued and reveals no expression of PLT2–YFP in the stem cell area. Asterisk in b, quiescent centre. e, f, Promoter truncation shifts the meristem boundary. CLSM views at identical pinhole and laser settings for RCH2-PLT2–YFP (d), pPLT2-PLT2–YFP (e) and pPLT2s-PLT2–YFP (f). g, Quantification of fluorescence per nucleus in pRCH2-PLT2–YFP transient meristem (red circles in d, and red graph areas), and in stem cells (yellow in e, f and graph area), mid-meristem (green in e, f and graph area) and first elongating cells (blue in e, f and graph area) of pPLT2-PLT2–YFP and pPLT2s-PLT2–YFP (a and b indicate independent transformants, 1 and 2 indicate different roots). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-four-plt-genes-promote-root-formation-a-d-in-situ-ohdl1tb7.png Figure 1 | Four PLT genes promote root formation. a–d, In situ hybridization with PLT3- (a, b) and BBM- (c, d) specific probes in wild-type embryos at heart-stage (a, c), and in roots of 3 d.p.g. wild-type plants (b, d). Asterisk, quiescent centre; pv, provasculature; col, columella. e, Seedlings 10 d.p.g., from left to right: wild type, plt32/2, bbm-12/2, plt12/2plt22/2, plt12/2plt22/2plt32/2 and a plt12/2plt21/2plt32/2bbm12/2 segregant. Insets show magnification of plt12/2plt22/2plt32/2 mutant (upper) and plt12/2plt21/2bbm-12/2 segregant (lower). f, Meristem size in wild type (Col0 and WS) and plt mutants at the indicated d.p.g. For each data point, n5 10 to 50; error bars, s.e.m. g–l, In situ hybridization using PIN probes on wild-type (g, i) and plt12/2plt22/2plt32/2 (h, j) torpedo-stage embryos and wild-type (k) and plt12/2plt22/2plt32/2 mutant (l) 2 d.p.g. seedlings. m, Shoot of 9 d.p.g. 35S-PLT2–GR plant 6 days after dexamethasone application. n, Magnification reveals cellular organization of ectopic root including columella starch granules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plt-promoter-activity-and-plt-protein-fusions-h2yvbpqf.png Figure 2 | PLT promoter activity and PLT protein fusions display gradients. a–d, CFP reporter driven by full-size promoters of PLT1 (a) PLT2 (b) PLT3 (c) and BBM (d). e, Epidermal gradient of PLT2 (left) but not RCH2 (right) promoter. f–i, YFP reporter fused in-frame to genomic fragments of PLT1 (f), PLT2 (g), PLT3 (h) and BBM (i). j, Co-localization in one plant of PLT2 transcriptional (CFP, left magnification) and translational (YFP, right magnification) fusion viewed in different regions using separate channels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inducible-expansion-of-meristem-and-stem-cell-area-14513giy.png Figure 4 | Inducible expansion of meristem and stem cell area with PLT2–GR fusions. a–c, 35S-PLT2–GR 7 d.p.g. without dex (a) and 1 d after 5 mM dex application (b, c). Overview shows positioning of ink toner particles that mark the meristem boundary (black arrowhead) and upper elongation zone boundary at the onset of induction (b); the elongation zone boundary is defined as the position where cortical cells rapidly expand. Induced PLT2–GR roots reveal cell division below the meristem boundary and incomplete cell elongation (c). d–f, 35S-PLT2–GR;pRCH1-RBR RNAi plants: 10 d.p.g. without dex revealing the two RBRi-induced stem cell layers below the quiescent centre (blue arrowhead, inset), asterisk indicates the quiescent centre (d); with 3 d of dex application, revealing excessive root cap stem cells (blue arrowhead) and periclinal divisions in the proximal meristem (e); magnification with ectopic periclinal divisions (f , white arrowhead). g–i, Duplication of the stem cell area (red arrowheads) and distal cell types (brown starch granules) in ,10% of 8 d.p.g. 35S-PLT2–GR, pRCH1-RBRi plants after dex application. Early (g), mid- (h) and late (i) stages of ectopic stem cell centre; note the prolonged activity of both stem cell centres (i, inset). https://scispace.com/papers/ploughing-and-grazing-alter-the-spatial-patterning-of-1l31vfxcu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-semivariograms-for-biological-crust-cover-1evyon2a.png Figure 5. Semivariograms for biological crust cover, mineralisable and mineral N at the unploughed-grazed (a, c, e) and ploughed-grazed sites (b, d, f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-interpolated-map-of-biological-crust-cover-using-1ub1vlg8.png Figure 6. Interpolated map of biological crust cover using the inverse distance weighting 3 (IDW) method at unploughed-grazed and ploughed-grazed sites. Cover ranges from < 15% 4 (light blue) to >75% (dark green). 5 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-design-for-measuring-surface-soil-3kif57qn.png Figure 1. Sampling design for measuring surface soil condition and soil nutrient heterogeneity. A 10x10 m grid was placed in each plot and samples were taken at the 36 intersections (coarse grid, minimum sampling interval = 2 m). An additional 72 points were located randomly along the grid (minimum sampling interval = 25 cm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-semivariograms-for-shrub-cover-litter-cover-and-hrbjeugk.png Figure 2. Semivariograms for shrub cover, litter cover and labile C at the unploughedungrazed (a, c, e) and unploughed-grazed sites (b, d, f). All semivariograms used spherical models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-semivariograms-for-biological-crust-cover-196oq3wr.png Figure 3. Semivariograms for biological crust cover, mineralisable and mineral N at unploughed-ungrazed (a, c, e) and unploughed-grazed sites (b, d, f). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-semivariograms-for-shrub-cover-litter-cover-and-50dxzqad.png Figure 4. Semivariograms for shrub cover, litter cover and labile C at the unploughed-grazed (a, c, e) and the ploughed-grazed sites (b, d, f). https://scispace.com/papers/plunge-milling-time-optimization-via-mixed-integer-nonlinear-3r7heq6b7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-test-5-optimization-results-1wm11oue.png Table 11: Test 5: optimization results https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-test-6-input-data-1pew48zx.png Table 12: Test 6: input data https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-test-3-optimization-results-oygpzj19.png Table 7: Test 3: optimization results https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-test-4-input-data-2xvhbpyx.png Table 8: Test 4: input data https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-test-7-optimization-results-62tljcyq.png Table 15: Test 7: optimization results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-jerk-acceleration-and-velocity-profiles-brisk-and-25l6v6my.png Figure 3: Jerk, acceleration and velocity profiles: Brisk and Soft mode https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-test-6-optimization-results-2wit2zjj.png Table 13: Test 6: optimization results https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-test-5-input-data-2ijuc9yj.png Table 10: Test 5: input data https://scispace.com/papers/polar-ocean-stratification-in-a-cold-climate-3bo5vaja9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-subarctic-north-pacific-odp-site-882-and-southern-2fou3n0n.png Figure 2: Subarctic North Pacific (ODP Site 882) and Southern Ocean (ODP Site 1096)8 palaeoceanographic time series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-mean-annual-surface-salinity5-illustrating-3pv9v45v.png Figure 1: Map of mean annual surface salinity5 illustrating the predominance of low-salinity surface waters at high latitudes, including the Subarctic North Pacific and the Antarctic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-density-as-a-function-of-depth-in-the-modern-3lhrpjx1.png Figure 3: Density as a function of depth in the modern wintertime Antarctic and changes in this density structure for uniform changes in seawater temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-dependence-of-the-electroabsorption-in-low-m25auij584 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electroabsorption-of-unpolarized-light-in-lt-gaas-for-1kl2smml.png FIG. 1. Electroabsorption of unpolarized light in LT-GaAs for an appli voltage of 40 V and a fingerspacing of 3mm. Note the FKE at the funda mental band gap and the split-off band gap. The inset shows the 0 V absorption spectrum of standard GaAs. The fundamental band gap an split-off band edge are indicated by arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-logarithmic-plot-of-the-electroabsorption-of-te-and-2h25e5a3.png FIG. 3. ~a! Logarithmic plot of the electroabsorption of TE- and TMpolarized light near the fundamental band gap of LT-GaAs for applied vo ages of 20 and 40 V.~b! Logarithmic plot of the electroabsorption of TEand TM-polarized light near the split-off band gap of LT-GaAs for applie voltages of 20 and 40 V. https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-singularities-in-paraxial-vector-fields-1opqkg59f4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-ellipse-field-near-a-closed-l-loop-enclosing-a-30bhdwmx.png Fig. 6. The ellipse field near a closed L loop, enclosing a region of RH polarization (shaded). One C point, marked , is in the region, and there is one component zero Ey ¼ 0 on the enclosing L line, marked j. The whole picture is the box marked (i) in Fig. 7, and the field near the C point is depicted in Fig. 4(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-one-square-wavelength-d2p-kdth2-of-a-random-paraxial-3ny0cfv1.png Fig. 7. One square wavelength (ð2p=KdÞ2) of a random paraxial field with the ring spectrum, constructed by superposing 50 monochromatic random waves from Eq. (A.1). The RH regions are shaded, and separated from the LH regions by L lines (solid lines). C points are represented by when the index is +1/2, when 1=2, and all +1/2 C points are lemons here. The position of the real vector p is mared by a dot on each ellipse, and a lines by dashed curves: Rer ¼ 0 (long dashes), Imr ¼ 0 by short dashes. A close up of the field in the box marked (i) is shown in Fig. 6 (a further close up in Fig. 4(a)) and the box marked (ii) is shown in Fig. 4(b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-morphology-of-three-types-of-line-33m7ip4x.png Fig. 10. Comparison of the morphology of three types of line in random waves, in 16 square wavelengths: (a) L lines; (b) zero contours of f; (c) parabolic lines of f. (a) uses the same random complex vector field as Fig. 7, and (b), (c) are the zero contours and parabolic lines over the same area of a random function f, constructed by superposing 50 random waves with the ring spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-patterns-around-the-three-types-of-line-3se7mzbm.png Fig. 3. The patterns around the three types of line singularity: (a) star; (b) lemon; (c) monstar. Adapted from [8], Fig. 6, courtesy of Michael Berry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-venn-diagram-showing-the-fractions-of-different-1szjlzmw.png Fig. 9. Venn diagram showing the fractions of different morphological types of C points, from Eqs. (51) and (52). The areas of the sets are proportional to the fraction of that type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-c-point-correlation-functions-g-thick-line-gi-thin-2aznkoa6.png Fig. 8. C point correlation functions, g (thick line), gI (thin line), gþþ (dashed line), gþ (dotted line), for the three paraxial spectra are described in Appendix A: (a) disk spectrum; (b) ring spectrum; (c) gaussian spectrum. In (a) and (b), R is plotted in units of 1=Kd, and in (c), in units of 1=Kr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-c-points-from-the-random-pattern-in-fig-7-a-elliptic-6wkxqo2i.png Fig. 4. C points from the random pattern in Fig. 7: (a) elliptic lemon; (b) hyperbolic star. The ellipse axes have been included to aid the eye, and the straight lines terminating on the C points are those of the line classification. The dotted grey lines are contour lines of the surface detðMðRÞ MðR0ÞÞ, used in the contour classification, showing that the lemon is elliptic and the star is hyperbolic. The lemon is a close up of the box (i) in Fig. 7, the star of the box (ii). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ellipse-geometry-the-major-axis-p0-is-at-angle-c0-with-1naazmzh.png Fig. 1. Ellipse geometry. The major axis p0 is at angle c0 with the x-axis. The real part p is displaced from p0 by a phase v0, as in Eq. (7). The minor axis is labelled q0, and the ellipse is righthanded (RH). https://scispace.com/papers/polarization-without-radicalization-political-radicalism-in-29orpqjvp8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-economic-situation-communism-vs-post-communism-2009-qjy8wkw8.png Table 2. economic situation: communism vs. post-communism, 2009–2010. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-how-would-you-describe-the-overall-economic-1wqrgxsq.png Table 3. How would you describe the overall economic situation in albania? https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-editorials-and-opinions-on-the-destruction-of-syrian-32x5qjlu.png Table 7. editorials and opinions on the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons in albania, 5–15 november 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-articles-on-the-november-protests-in-albania-15-25-1uy21vhv.png Table 8. articles on the november protests in albania, 15–25 november. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-how-satisfied-are-you-with-the-economic-direction-36unyemq.png Table 4. How satisfied are you with the economic direction albania has followed since 1991? https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effective-number-of-legislative-parties-1990-2013-2tqu13fz.png Table 6. effective number of legislative parties, 1990–2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effective-number-of-parties-in-albania-1991-2013-3n99uy34.png Table 5. effective number of parties in albania 1991–2013. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-combined-vote-shares-for-radical-right-parties-since-3u9mlovr.png Table 1. Combined vote shares for radical right parties since the founding elections. https://scispace.com/papers/polarized-nonlinear-nanoscopy-of-metal-nanostructures-5c1nzbobjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-p-shg-results-for-nanoparticles-made-of-four-arms-1z11ubro.png Figure 3. P-SHG results for nanoparticles made of four arms of various lengths. Left: second order (𝐼2, 𝜑2) image, representing for each pixel a stick with orientation 𝜑2 relative to the horizontal axis and color coded with 𝐼2. Right: similar representation for (𝐼4, 𝜑4). Ratios of horizontal to vertical arm lengths are 1:0.93 (NP2) (a,d), 1:0.86 (NP3) (b,e) and 1:0.71 (NP5) (c,f). Contour plots of the nanoparticles shape are superimposed with the images at real scale. Scale bar: 200 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulated-p-shg-nanoscopy-in-two-gold-nanorods-of-2i8tf3ts.png Figure 7. Simulated P-SHG nanoscopy in two gold nanorods of 1D symmetry. a) Schematics of the nanorods position and orientation: the distance between their center is d, and the left nanorod is moved in the vertical direction by a distance 0.6d. Their relative orientation defined by 𝜃. b) (𝐼2, 𝜑2) (left) and (𝐼4, 𝜑4) (right) maps for the case d = 40nm, 𝜃 = -60° (or similarly 240°) (above) and 𝜃 = 120° (below). c) similar maps for the case d = 120nm, 𝜃 = -60° (above) and 𝜃 = 120° (below). Scale bar: 200 nm. Pixel size: 40 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-the-incident-wavelength-on-shg-okyu1tfy.png Figure 4. Effect of the incident wavelength on SHG efficiencies (four arms particles of different aspect ratios). a) Linear extinction of the NP1 and NP5 particles, together with their wavelength-dependent SHG efficiency 𝐼0. b) Particle-shape dependence of the linear extinction (bars) and nonlinear efficiency (markers) close to 800nm. Characteristics of the aspect ratio of horizontal to vertical arms: 1:1 (NP1), 1:0.93 (NP2), 1:0.86 (NP3), 1:0.78 (NP4), 1:0.71 (NP4). Errors bars are standard deviation over 3 to 5 measurements, each of them including 32 measured images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-experimental-set-up-dc-dichroic-mirror-sm-scan-3ugctg3p.png Figure 1. a) Experimental set-up. DC: Dichroic Mirror, SM: scan mirrors, L: lens, HWP: half wave plate, SPF: short pass filter, BPF: band pass filter, PMT: photo-multiplier tube. Inset: scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the nanoparticles of symmetric four arm shape (NP1). b-d) SHG images, at 800 nm excitation wavelength, of a NP1 particle for different incident polarizations directions with respect to the horizontal axis in the sample frame: b) 0°, c) 40° and d) 90°. e) Total SHG intensity summed over all incident polarizations. f) Zoom on the total SHG intensity image showing the spatial drift of center during measurement, as pointed by white crosses representing the image center position for four different incident polarizations. g) Polarization dependence of the SHG signal at locations 1 and 2 shown in e). Scale bar (a-f): 200nm. Pixel size (b-f): 40nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-the-incident-wavelength-on-p-shg-from-np1-1pf2zu54.png Figure 5. Effect of the incident wavelength on P-SHG from NP1 and NP5 particles. a) Maximum reachable 𝐼2 as a function of wavelength of excitation for NP1 and NP5 particles. For the estimation of 𝐼2, the mean of its 25 highest values over the P-SHG map is selected. b) (𝐼2, 𝜑2) maps for NP1 and NP5 particles (shown with their contour), at 800 nm, 940 nm and 1000 nm excitation. https://scispace.com/papers/polarizing-properties-of-embedded-symmetric-trilayer-stacks-nr4uhow6ie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-family-of-z2-versus-z1-curves-for-zero-reflection-of-1kjwui2z.png Fig. 4. Family of Z2-versus-Z1 curves for zero reflection of the p polarization rp 0 at incidence angles 0 from 45° to 85° in steps of 5° for CaF2 n1 1.4 –Ge n2 4.0 –CaF2 n1 1.4 trilayers embedded in a ZnS n0 2.2 substrate in the 1R. This figure should replace Fig. 13 of Ref. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-angular-reflectance-response-for-p-and-s-polarized-3ppksmjd.png Fig. 5. Angular reflectance response for p- and s-polarized light (at wavelength 10.6 m) of an embedded trilayer design that corresponds to the point of intersection A Z1 0.177801, Z2 1.396668 of the two curves in Fig. 4 that correspond to 0 60° and 75°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-layer-thicknesses-z2-versus-z1-such-that-rs-3hexvbkk.png Fig. 2. Normalized layer thicknesses Z2-versus-Z1 such that rs 0 at angles of incidence 0 from 45° to 85° in steps of 5°, for MgF2–ZnS–MgF2 trilayers embedded in a ZnS substrate with refractive indices n0 2.35 ZnS , n1 1.38 MgF2 , and n2 2.35 ZnS in the visible. This figure should replace Fig. 6 of Ref. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normalized-layer-thicknesses-z2-versus-z1-such-that-rp-rf51bsqz.png Fig. 1. Normalized layer thicknesses Z2-versus-Z1 such that rp 0 at angles of incidence 0 from 45° to 85° in steps of 5°, for MgF2–ZnS–MgF2 trilayers embedded in a ZnS substrate with refractive indices n0 2.35 ZnS , n1 1.38 MgF2 , and n2 2.35 ZnS in the visible. This figure should replace Fig. 2 of Ref. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/policy-responses-to-the-european-debt-crisis-treating-the-k9do3zhkzj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-policy-rates-from-scylla-to-harybdis-2119tjx6.png Figure 7 Policy Rates – From Scylla to Harybdis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-real-gross-residential-investment-change-2t8hxyz0.png Figure 12 Real Gross Residential Investment, % Change https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-government-financial-liabilities-of-gdp-2006-1vsbl3q7.png Figure 4 Government Financial Liabilities (% of GDP), 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-private-credit-to-gdp-38dt8q1s.png Figure 10 Private Credit to GDP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-external-positions-of-reporting-banks-vis-a-vis-1d6mazxh.png Figure 14 External Positions of Reporting Banks vis-à-vis Individual Countries (€bn) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-current-account-of-gdp-1wwuhetj.png Figure 5 Current Account (% of GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bank-assets-geometric-average-annual-growth-rate-2yn1s2jx.png Figure 8 Bank Assets – (Geometric) Average Annual Growth Rate, 2000–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-bank-loans-geometric-average-annual-growth-rate-30wplzhs.png Figure 9 Bank Loans – (Geometric) Average Annual Growth Rate, 2000–2007 https://scispace.com/papers/politicized-climate-science-no-evidence-for-science-literacy-5a1f0t2ege 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-regression-coefficients-from-the-linear-mixed-k95zpwki.png Figure 6. Regression coefficients from the linear-mixed effects models predicting https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-setional-pattern-of-prior-beliefs-climate-xfsmiv4i.png Figure 1. Cross-setional pattern of prior beliefs (climate change is anthropogenic) as a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-signal-detection-theoretic-analyses-of-the-response-21a05l61.png Figure 4. Signal detection theoretic analyses of the response bias (c) of evidence https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-standard-deviations-and-correlations-with-134x76lm.png Table 1. Means, standard deviations, and correlations with confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regression-coefficients-from-the-linear-mixed-1ad6h0br.png Figure 2. Regression coefficients from the linear mixed-effects models predicting evidence https://scispace.com/papers/pollen-contaminated-with-field-relevant-levels-of-1gj0hiptxe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-se-milligrams-of-pollen-consumed-per-bee-per-day-312bkxtc.png Fig. 3: Mean +/- SE milligrams of pollen consumed per bee per day of 6 days in cages fed 557 polyfloral, Salix sp., or Taraxacum sp. pollen. Asterisk indicates significant differences: 558 Taraxacum-fed bees consumed significantly less pollen than the other groups (Kruskal-Walls 559 ANOVA, Steel-Dwass posthoc test, p<0.05) 560 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-se-lipid-concentration-mg-ml-of-14-day-old-bees-1ycdh16t.png Fig. 4: Mean +/- SE lipid concentration (mg/mL) of 14-day-old bees collected from cages fed 567 polyfloral pollen, Salix sp. pollen, Taraxacum sp. pollen, or no pollen. Letters denote significant 568 differences (Tukey HSD, p<0.05). 569 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-rejection-of-cyhalothrin-contaminated-pollen-s8m8uvz1.png Fig. 1: Rejection of cyhalothrin-contaminated pollen. Representative images are shown for a) 532 Cages of bees fed Taraxacum sp. pollen that was contaminated with cyhalothrin. After 24 hours, 533 a significant amount of pollen (orange debris at bottom) was not consumed and was pushed 534 under the door of the cage. b) Little pollen remains in cages fed polyfloral or Salix sp. because 535 this pollen was not rejected by bees. 536 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-se-of-the-proportion-of-pollen-consumed-over-the-3e45r9ez.png Fig. 6: Mean +/- SE of the proportion of pollen consumed over the daily average when nucleus 585 hives were presented with unmanipulated polyfloral pollen (control) or polyfloral pollen treated 586 with 280 ppb or 560 ppb cyhalothrin. Letters denote significant differences (repeated measures 587 ANOVA, p<0.01667). 588 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-se-milligrams-of-pollen-consumed-per-bee-per-day-2mwx6s7u.png Fig. 5: Mean +/- SE milligrams of pollen consumed per bee per day over 7 days in cages fed 575 unmanipulated polyfloral pollen (control) or pollen contaminated with 140, 280, or 560 ppb 576 cyhalothrin; asterisk denotes significant differences (repeated measures ANOVA, p<0.0214) 577 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proportion-of-original-60-bees-surviving-per-cage-rfzyct82.png Fig. 2: Proportion of original 60 bees surviving per cage averaged across all cages in a treatment. 546 Asterisk indicates significant difference: significantly fewer Taraxacum-fed bees survived 547 compared to all other groups, which did not differ from each other (Cox proportional hazards 548 model, alpha adjusted p<0.033). 549 https://scispace.com/papers/polygala-moggii-polygalaceae-a-new-species-from-oman-4c80a94juh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-morphological-diagnostic-characters-between-polygala-16vpa5rn.png Table 1 - Morphological diagnostic characters between Polygala moggii and the most related species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-habitat-of-polygala-moggii-near-hasik-eastern-dhofar-sm9o3xlj.png Fig. 3 - Habitat of Polygala moggii near Hasik (eastern Dhofar). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-polygala-moggii-habit-x-1-flower-wing-sepal-seed-29raimal.png Fig. 1 - Polygala moggii: habit (x 1); flower, wing sepal, seed, capsule (x 20). https://scispace.com/papers/polygenic-scores-for-major-depressive-disorder-and-risk-of-20u8cgk0jr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bia79t91.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-35hwnabc.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/polymeric-vesicles-in-biomedical-applications-3w169app0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-compilation-of-literature-by-harashima-and-kiwada75-on-3b6qigrt.png Fig. 5 Compilation of literature by Harashima and Kiwada75 on the effect of particle size on the blood clearance of liposomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rehydration-of-amphiphilic-block-copolymers-from-a-16on8436.png Fig. 6 Rehydration of amphiphilic block copolymers from a surface template. The dimensions of the polymer domain (L) dictate the eventual polymersome size (dmax). 84 (i) Block copolymer domain of predefined dimensions, (ii) hydration and phase separation, (iii) further hydration and lamellae formation, (iv) expansion, (v) detachment and (vi) energy minimalisation resulting in polymersome formation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-polymersomes-loaded-with-enzymes-in-the-lumen-and-1mirkytl.png Fig. 11 Polymersomes loaded with enzymes in the lumen and porphyrins in the membrane respond to light by a morphology change and eventually release of content.107 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-schematic-and-tem-image-of-a-polymersome-in-which-88aa28ww.png Fig. 14 Schematic and TEM image of a polymersome in which membrane protein LambB is reconstituted.112 This membrane protein is recognized by bacteriophage lambda which is shown to dock on the polymersome to inject its RNA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-polymersome-nano-reactor-performing-an-three-enzyme-kgc8deaa.png Fig. 12 Polymersome nano-reactor performing an three enzyme cascade reaction. All three enzymes are associated with the PS–PIAT vesicle and leaving out one will stop the whole cascade.108 Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Reproduced with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-asymmetric-polymersome-membranes-obtained-from-abc-a5j8gjhg.png Fig. 13 Asymmetric polymersome membranes obtained from ABC triblock copolymers allow for the directed reconstitution of transmembrane channels.111 By changing the molecular weight of the A and C block either the A or the C block is directed outwards. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Reproduced with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-several-structures-formed-by-the-self-assembly-of-uxjwa11f.png Fig. 1 Several structures formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers as determined by the geometry of the amphiphile. The geometry is captured by the dimensionless packing parameter p ¼ v/ (a0lc). 9 Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Reproduced with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-morphologies-possible-for-triblock-copolymers-as-3dm3fb11.png Fig. 8 Morphologies possible for triblock copolymers as determined theoretically by Li et al.100 https://scispace.com/papers/polymorphic-algebraic-data-type-reconstruction-z3xh1y9o6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-extended-occurs-check-example-i5n6dv1o.png Figure 3. Extended occurs check example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-constraint-derivation-rules-for-prolog-pc3o9i29.png Figure 7. Constraint derivation rules for Prolog https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-type-judgement-rules-ofl-k-25z4e7se.png Figure 1. Type judgement rules ofΛ+k https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rules-of-the-type-constraint-rewrite-algorithm-1fs3jenu.png Table 1. Rules of the Type Constraint Rewrite Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-type-judgement-rules-of-prolog-168tx7id.png Figure 6. Type Judgement Rules of Prolog https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-constraint-derivation-rules-forl-k-3p2sdopq.png Figure 2. Constraint derivation rules forΛ+k https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-short-circuited-adt-instance-1g2woh72.png Figure 5. Example of short-circuited ADT instance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-extended-occurs-check-for-adts-j4mqcxgg.png Figure 4. Example of extended occurs check for ADTs https://scispace.com/papers/polypharmacy-length-of-hospital-stay-and-in-hospital-1609q0s8zx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ten-most-frequently-prescribed-drug-classes-3rd-32wbs7vy.png Table 1. Ten most frequently prescribed drug classes (3rd level of ATC classification). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-analysis-of-predictors-of-polypharmacy-1qm5gf26.png Table 2. Univariate analysis of predictors of polypharmacy (five or more drugs) at admission and discharge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-analysis-of-predictors-of-polypharmacy-3mauc039.png Table 4. Multivariate analysis of predictors of polypharmacy at discharge among 1155 patients discharged to home. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-prevalence-of-drug-use-at-admission-and-at-6ftkktk0.png Figure 2. Prevalence of drug use at admission and at discharge in 1155 patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-analysis-of-predictors-of-polypharmacy-3hsf01zn.png Table 3. Univariate analysis of predictors of polypharmacy (five or more drugs) at discharge for 551 patient admitted without polypharmacy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prevalence-of-polypharmacy-at-admission-in-966ix7pa.png Figure 1. Prevalence of polypharmacy at admission in different age groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-outcome-measures-and-predictors-of-outcome-at-35wnz81o.png Table 5. Outcome measures and predictors of outcome at discharge. https://scispace.com/papers/polyphyletic-ancestry-of-expanding-patagonian-chinook-salmon-1ivx7ol68s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chinook-salmon-deliberate-and-accidental-releases-in-3gs1r1y4.png Table 1. Chinook salmon deliberate and accidental releases in Patagonia since 1970 (a complete review spanning earlier introductions is available in Supplementary Table S1; modified from reference35). Table footnotes: *The actual number of individuals released may be less than the figure reported due to mortality during transport and handling; pre-release mortality was accounted for whenever possible. Approximate latitude is given at the river mouth. ? = unreported, likely stock origin, or lack of adults return assessment. Follow footnotes indicated by superscript numbers; references were numbered as in the main text: 1Fundación Chile53; 2Snyder54; 3Ellis and Salo (1969) in Basulto55; 4Lindbergh et al.8; 5Lindbergh28; 6Méndez and Munita11; 7Lindbergh and Brown9; 8Basulto55; 9Donaldson and Joyner10; 10Manuel Barros personal communication (2008) in Aedo13. At the time, M. Barros worked for Fundación Chile.; 11Salmotec Ltd. in Sakai56; 12Cristian Jélvez personal communication (2005) in Aedo13. C. Jélvez worked for Fundación Chile (1982).; 13Fredy Carrasco personal communication (2005) in Aedo13. F. Carrasco worked for Fundación Chile (1986).; 14United Nations57; 15Del Real58. Aedo13 mentioned other stocking locations (Río Contaco and Río Maicolpué) by Universidad de los Lagos, but we found no further records of these releases.; 16Primarily marine aquaculture concessions in the Lake District region.; 17Rough estimate of number of sub-adult Chinook salmon escapees (see main text).; 18Mostly 1+ year class and older since most escapes were from marine net-pens32.; 19Follow fragmentary records of ova imported (OI) by the Chilean aquaculture industry in 1987–200013. Some information of suppliers was available for 60% of the imports; we report specific lineages and origins of livestock whenever possible, and ova suppliers and/or geographic origin of shipments otherwise. Additional potential sources of the unaccounted imports were identified from import permits (OP) issued by the Chilean National Fisheries Service (SERNAPESCA), although it remains unclear if these planed importations ever materialized. Sources listed in decreasing order of importance13; 20OI: Columbia River. OP: Fish Pro Inc. and University of Washington; 21OI: Springfield. OP: Aqua Food, Aquafoods, and Aqua Seed Corp.; 22OI: Koksilah River. OP: Sea Spring Salmon Farms Ltd., Hardy Sea Farms, Hadfield Consultants Inc., Hatfield International SA., Fishpro, and Aqua Seed; 23OI: Sanford Waitaki Salmon Hatchery (Kaitan Gata). OP: Big Glory Bay Hatchery, and Kaitan Gata Hatchery and Sanford Waitaki Salmon Hatchery (Stewart Island).; 24OP: Sitka; 25OP: Tasmania; 26This study. https://scispace.com/papers/polysilicon-chromium-gold-intracellular-chips-for-multi-4gsauabr8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-actin-cytoskeleton-organization-and-focal-contacts-in-2poc0khz.png Fig. 5 Actin cytoskeleton organization and focal contacts in cells with or without MMICCs. Images show a single slice from a Z-stack, where the MMICCs are observed in gray, actin fibers are shown in red, focal contacts in green and nuclei in blue. Arrows indicate the internalized MMICC. Scale bar = 10 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-mmiccs-on-cell-viability-the-cytotoxic-1xb4bzhr.png Fig. 4 effect of MMICCs on cell viability. The cytotoxic effect of MMICCs was evaluated by using the MTT cell proliferation assay at 24 and 72 h of cells incubation with MMICCs. Results were normalized to control cells and are shown as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. indicating that MMICCs were not cytotoxic for any of the cell types. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evaluation-of-mmiccs-induction-of-human-inflammatory-2zf3n4qg.png Fig. 7 Evaluation of MMICCs induction of human inflammatory cytokines secretion by macrophages, analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantification of human inflammatory cytokines was performed either 5 h (a) or 24 h (b) of MMICCs incubation with macrophages. Macrophages incubated in the absence of MMICCs (control) or in the presence of LPS acted as a negative and positive control, respectively. Results are shown as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among groups (i.e. control, MMICCs or LPS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-evaluation-of-mmiccs-internalization-by-sem-images-2tlrbhco.png Fig. 2 Evaluation of MMICCs internalization by SEM. Images show that MMICCs were actively taken up by cells, as the plasma membrane was observed in the process of surrounding MMICCs in both cell lines. Arrow points completely internalized MMICCs. Scale bar = 10 µm. Insets show a magnification of the selected area, artificially colored for a better visualization of the plasma membrane. Scale bar = 2 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-quantitative-analysis-of-mmicc-uptake-by-clsm-a-d-28crq7db.png Fig. 3 Quantitative analysis of MMICC uptake by CLSM. (a–d) Images show SKBR-3 and MCF-10A cells, respectively, after 24 h incubation with MMICCs. Actin filaments were stained with Texas red® phalloidin (red) and cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258 (blue). MMICCs were imaged by using the reflection mode. Scale bar = 10 µm. (c,d) Orthogonal views of reconstructed Z-stacks of SKBR-3 (c) and MCF-10A (d) cells. Scale bar = 10 µm. (e) percentage of cells that had internalized at least one MMICC. (f) Distribution of cell populations according to the number of particles internalized per cell. Results are shown as the mean ± SEM. Asterisks (***) indicate significant differences between both cell lines (p = 0.001). https://scispace.com/papers/population-density-and-moment-based-approaches-to-modeling-bkof8j29h1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gating-scheme-of-the-l-type-channel-the-12-state-l-328az9m4.png Figure 2. Gating scheme of the L-type channel. The 12-state L-type Ca2+ channel includes Ca2+-unbound and Ca2+-bound states (denoted mode normal and mode Ca, respectively). In both modes there are five closed states (C0, ..., C4 and CCa0, ..., CCa4) and one open state (O and OCa). Transitions from mode normal to mode Ca depend on the rate constants γ (proportional to domain [Ca2+]) and ω. Voltage-dependent transitions are determined by rate constants α(V ) and β(V ) (mode normal) and α′(V ) and β′(V ) (mode Ca). Parameters follow Greenstein and Winslow [21], α = α0 exp(α1(V − V0)), β = β0 exp(β1(V − V0)), α′ = aα, β′ = β/b, γ = γ0c n, g+ = 0.85 ms −1, g− = 2 ms −1, g′+ = 0.005 ms −1, g′− = 7 ms −1, α0 = 2.0, α1 = 0.0012, β0 = 0.0882, β1 = −0.05, a = 2, b = 1.9356, γ0 = 0.44 mM−1 ms−1, ω = 0.01258 ms−1 and V0 = 35 mV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-population-density-and-moment-gvkzzegz.png Table 1. Parameters for the population density and moment-based model. See Fig. 2 for the parameters of the 12-state L-type Ca2+ channel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-steady-state-probabilities-of-l-type-iqh4ln75.png Figure 6. Comparison of steady-state probabilities of L-type channels states when the domain time constant τ is varied. The fraction of channel in closed states of mode normal (PCnormal, A) and mode Ca (P C Ca, B), and the fraction of channels in open state of mode normal (POnormal, C) and mode Ca (P O Ca, D), as a function of Vm. The khaki, blue and purple lines are the simulation results of the moment-based model when τ = 1 ms, 100 ms and 10 s, respectively. The corresponding population density simulation results are given by open circles. Parameters as in Fig. 2 and Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-simulation-results-a-the-response-of-2fxlg4kd.png Figure 3. Representative simulation results. (A) The response of the whole cell current (middle panel) and expected [Ca2+] (bottom panel) to the two-pulse voltage clamp protocol (top panel). (B) The peak current (top panel) and the inactivation function (Eq. 28, bottom panel) to a range of prepulse potentials (−40 ≤ Vp ≤ 80 mV). Parameters: Vh = −40 mV, Vt = 0 mV, Vp = −40 to 80 mV, τ = 100 ms and as in Fig. 2 and Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-different-moment-closure-2yukcshi.png Figure 5. Comparison between different moment closure techniques and the population density model. Steady-state Ca2+-inactivation function (h∞, A), total influx current (Iinflux, B), expected [Ca 2+] at close state (EC(c), C) and open state (EO(c), D) as a function of voltage (V ). Green and khaki lines are calculated via the second-order momentbased LCC model when τ = 100 ms and 10 s, respectively. Purple line is calculated via the third-order moment-based model when τ is 10 s. + and × symbols are computed via the population density model when τ is 100 ms and 10 s respectively. Other parameters as in Fig. 2 and Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-equilibrium-and-dynamic-domain-models-35yk358x.png Figure 1. Comparison of equilibrium and dynamic domain models for Ca2+mediated inactivation of L-type Ca2+ channels. In equilibrium domain models, low density channels are not only locally controlled, but also inactivated by a domain [Ca2+] that is slaved to the channel state (high concentration when open and low concentration when closed). In the dynamic domain model presented here, low density channels experience heterogeneous domain [Ca2+] that depend on channel state in time-dependent manner. The right panel shows the fluxes associated with a minimal formulation of single domain. Extracellular, cytosolic, and [Ca2+] in the nth domain are denoted by cext, ccyt, and c n, respectively. The domain influx rate (ninflux) is nonzero when the Ca 2+ channel in the nth domain is open. The diffusion-mediated flux of the nth domain Ca2+ to the cytosol is denoted by ncyt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-pulse-protocol-simulation-results-with-varied-28sgnujn.png Figure 4. Two-pulse protocol simulation results with varied domain time constant. (A) Command voltage traces, Ca2+ current and expectation [Ca2+] when domain time constant τ is varied. (B) Snapshot of the sum of the joint densities for open states, ρO + ρOCa , at three different times (a, b, c) and three domain time constants. Parameters: τ = 10 ms (red), 100 ms (green) and 1 s (purple), times a, b and c are shown as arrows at −50, 80 and 750 ms, in (A), Vh = −40 mV, Vp = 20 mV, Vt = 0 mV and as in Fig. 2 and Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-steady-state-of-ca2-inactivation-and-domain-time-16kmstp0.png Figure 8. Steady-state of Ca2+-inactivation and domain time constant τ with css and voltage fixed. h∞, Iinflux, E(c) and Var(c) calculated via the moment-based model as a function of the maximum domain [Ca2+], css. The corresponding population density simulations are given by open circles. Parameters: τ = 100 ms (blue), 1 s (red) and 10 s (purple line), V = −10 mV, and others as Fig. 2 and Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/population-health-management-exploiting-machine-learning-410ey33ayp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-positive-b-and-negative-g-classes-distribuiton-for-2by04f2z.png TABLE I POSITIVE ‘B’ AND NEGATIVE ‘G’ CLASSES DISTRIBUITON FOR THE TWO DIFFERENT TRAINING SETS AND FOR THE TEST SET https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-confusion-matrixes-of-random-forest-and-lasso-2pbq6scc.png TABLE IV CONFUSION MATRIXES OF RANDOM FOREST AND LASSO MODELS, TRAINED WITH THE REDUCED DATASET https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-computational-requirements-vs-training-balanced-1hyznc9l.png TABLE III COMPUTATIONAL REQUIREMENTS VS TRAINING BALANCED DATASETS FOR ALL THE MODELS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-architecture-of-the-system-for-the-collection-of-data-jurhkeh0.png Fig. 1 Architecture of the system for the collection of data https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-ppr-and-f1-score-achieved-by-all-the-models-vs-3lfwx233.png TABLE II PPR AND F1-SCORE ACHIEVED BY ALL THE MODELS VS TRAINING BALANCED DATASETS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-performance-of-all-the-models-3s290qck.png Fig. 2 Comparison of the performance of all the models trained with the reduced balanced dataset, using the best parameters https://scispace.com/papers/population-pharmacokinetics-of-lamivudine-in-adult-human-2wno8xjw88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lamivudine-final-model-parameter-estimates-3nxbmamf.png TABLE 2. Lamivudine final model parameter estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-patients-who-participated-in-28rmw8yy.png TABLE 1. Demographics of patients who participated in NUCA3001 and NUCA3002 and had adequate dosing and sample time documentation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlation-between-predicted-and-observed-serum-2jdzcowi.png FIG. 1. Correlation between predicted and observed serum lamivudine concentrations in the final model. https://scispace.com/papers/population-structure-and-environmental-niches-of-rimicaris-4qcyr7ggoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schematic-view-of-the-different-rimicaris-1l68c4au.png Figure 5. Schematic view of the different Rimicaris assemblage distribution at hydrothermal vents from 855 the Mid Atlantic Ridge with current hypotheses on the factors affecting their population dynamics. 856 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-and-population-data-of-rimicaris-exoculata-t80tq0zl.png Table 1. Sample and population data of Rimicaris exoculata and Rimicaris chacei from TAG and Snake 875 Pit. 876 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cohort-analysis-with-proportions-average-u-and-2sgdsm9s.png Table 2. Cohort analysis with proportions (%), average (µ) and standard deviations (σ) of the modal 879 components estimated from the size–frequency distributions of Rimicaris exoculata and Rimicaris 880 chacei collected from TAG and Snake Pit. 881 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-the-different-rimicaris-assemblage-1s4u9d34.png Figure 2. Overview of the different Rimicaris assemblage types from TAG and Snake Pit A. Dense 838 aggregate of R. exoculata adults observed near vent fluid exits. B. Nursery of R. exoculata adjacent to 839 the dense adult aggregate on the flank of chimneys at Snake Pit. C. Hidden aggregate of R. chacei 840 observed behind a mussel bed at Snake Pit. D. R. chacei nursery associated with low temperature 841 diffusions. E. Low density alvinocaridid assemblage at the periphery of a dense aggregate of R. 842 exoculata at TAG. F. Scattered Rimicaris individuals, in areas away from any visible vent fluid emissions. 843 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-heat-map-displaying-hierarchical-clustering-of-the-1tqwtb44.png Figure 3. Heat map displaying hierarchical clustering of the different samples collected in this study, 845 according to their composition (in terms of species, sexes and life stages). 846 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-niches-of-rimicaris-shrimps-according-to-their-3bwf4urf.png Figure 4. Niches of Rimicaris shrimps according to their species, sex and life stages. A. Two-dimensional 848 plot of the OMI analysis. Each ellipse represents the thermal niche of a Rimicaris group (defined by its 849 species, life stage, and sex in adults). B. Rimicaris groups total marginality (OMI index) versus total 850 tolerance of their thermal niches. C. Two-dimensional plot of the OMI analysis. Each ellipse represents 851 the environmental niche of a Rimicaris group (defined by its species, life stage, and sex in adults). D. 852 Rimicaris groups total marginality (OMI index) versus total tolerance of their environmental niches. 853 https://scispace.com/papers/populations-in-small-ephemeral-habitat-patches-may-drive-21vyh7p8dr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-colonization-odds-relative-to-the-predicted-number-33t0b86g.png FIG. 3. (A) Colonization odds relative to the predicted number of ephippia exposed. Exposure was proportional to the number of pool-specific desiccation events. Colonization odds were significantly higher after years when a large number of ephippia were exposed (generalized linear model, P , 0.0001). The fitted line gives the estimate from the generalized linear model. (B) Colonization odds relative to the predicted number of ephippia produced. There was no significant relationship between the total production of ephippia and the colonization odds in the subsequent season (generalized linear model; P ¼ 0.22). Note logarithmic scales on the x-axes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-depiction-of-a-populations-contribution-of-hkvn4teh.png FIG. 1. Schematic depiction of a population’s contribution of emigrants relative to the persistence or size of the population. In a Levins metapopulation all habitat patches are equal in quality and size. Metapopulations with different-sized habitat patches may still figuratively fit into that category when populations contribute equal number of migrants, irrespective of the patch size (straight line). In a mainland–island metapopulation (dotted line), emigrants are mostly originating from a few large, long-lived populations. In an ‘‘inverse mainland–island’’ metapopulation (dashed line), migrants are mostly originating from small, ephemeral populations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-distributions-on-occupancy-and-ephippium-2ggg2504.png FIG. 2. Frequency distributions on occupancy and ephippium production in relation to pool volume. (A) Estimated absolute frequency distributions of all rock pools that were occupied by D. magna (see Material and methods). Yearly values from 1982 to 2006 (thin lines) and the overall mean (thick red line) are shown. (B) Estimated absolute frequency distribution of the daily ephippium production in the whole metapopulation. For each specific year, the daily production of ephippia was calculated relative to pool volume and the absolute frequency distribution of occupied pools. (C) Estimated absolute frequency distribution of the total production of ephippia in the metapopulation per year. The production of ephippia was calculated by multiplying the daily estimates from panel (B), but correcting for hydroperiod length. (D) Predicted percentage contribution to the yearly total production (black lines) and exposure (red lines) of ephippia in the whole D. magna metapopulation relative to pool volume (thin lines represent yearly values; the thick line represents the overall mean). https://scispace.com/papers/portfolio-performance-manipulation-in-collateralized-loan-2328ieuxhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-selection-194sgnrk.png Table 1 Sample selection. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-discretionary-activities-and-clo-note-prices-2ufnz20k.png Table 8 Discretionary activities and CLO note prices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-slack-on-oc-tests-sspu13ev.png Fig. 3. The slack on OC tests. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-oc-test-violations-11ikpnfb.png Fig. 2. OC test violations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-discretionary-activities-clo-characteristics-and-oc-y5oe8z6n.png Table 6 Discretionary activities, CLO characteristics and OC test violation avoidance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-sensitivity-analyses-3m5s4e74.png Table 9 Sensitivity analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-clo-structure-1evo05r0.png Fig. 1. The CLO structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-3bi7u06t.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics. https://scispace.com/papers/pore-spanning-lipid-bilayers-on-silanised-nanoporous-alumina-bxrv8euz2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-images-of-water-droplets-1-0-fil-on-nanoporous-aa0-3irgnx5b.png Fig. 3. Images of water droplets (1.0 fiL) on nanoporous AA0 membranes, (a) after anodisation, (b) after hydroxylation and (c) after silanisation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ft-ir-spectra-of-a-the-fimetionalised-nanoporous-aao-g61xvfhf.png Fig. 4. FT-IR spectra of (a) the fimetionalised nanoporous AAO membrane and (b) bare nanoporous AAO membrane. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-xps-elemental-analysis-of-bare-and-modified-19ycx2jh.png Table I. XPS elemental analysis of bare and modified nanoporous AA0 membranes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-sem-images-of-aa0-and-schematic-representation-of-pore-2nj6lafw.png Fig. I. SEM images of AA0 and schematic representation of pore suspended BLMs on silanised AAO. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-xps-survey-spectrum-for-the-aptes-modified-1260hok4.png Fig. 5. (a) XPS survey spectrum for the APTES modified nanoporous alumina membrane. High resolution (15) Cis spectrum, and (0 Nis spectrum of the APTES modified nanoporous alumina membrane. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-afm-images-of-nanoporous-aa0-membranes-and-1im2n1j7.png Fig. 6. AFM images of nanoporous AA0 membranes and functionalised membranes. (a) top surface of nanoporous alumina membranes, (inset bottom part of the membranes showing hexagonal pore structure), (b) functionalised membranes with APTES under air observations mode, (c) functionalised membranes with APTES under fluid, (d) the same https://scispace.com/papers/pore-size-distributions-of-cationic-2-hydroxyethyl-4r2fawfjm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1wvbdu7a.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-2bwoioo2.png Table 7: https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2wfzv0vj.png Table 5: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-z4mcldeg.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2v8hcuw0.png Table 1: https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2qdf0xj0.png Table 2: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-31duy6te.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1a3d3xuu.png Table 3: https://scispace.com/papers/portfolio-selection-under-distributional-uncertainty-a-34gnl9elsr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-credit-suisse-tremont-hedge-fund-indices-1mktcioa.png Table 2: Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Indices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relative-robust-cvars-of-the-wcvar-and-rcvar-uc6esg5k.png Figure 1: Relative robust CVaRs of the WCVaR and RCVaR optimal portfolios https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-performances-of-cvar-wcvar-and-rcvar-3bewxvh5.png Table 1: Comparison of performances of CVaR, WCVaR, and RCVaR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-out-of-sample-evolution-of-values-of-portfolios-jan-9hx04rdh.png Figure 4: Out-of-sample evolution of values of portfolios (Jan. 2008 ∼ Dec. 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-out-of-sample-evolution-of-values-of-portfolios-jan-1yri6fpi.png Figure 3: Out-of-sample evolution of values of portfolios (Jan. 2006 ∼ Dec. 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-returns-of-credit-suisse-tremont-hedge-fund-indices-3g15n7wy.png Figure 2: Returns of Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Indices (Apr. 1994 ∼ Dec. 2008) https://scispace.com/papers/poseidon-a-nextflow-pipeline-for-the-detection-of-3z436h1lw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-workflow-of-the-poseidon-pipeline-and-example-2ujh5zsg.png Fig. 1. The workflow of the PoSeiDon pipeline and example output. The PoSeiDon pipeline comprises in-frame alignment of homologous protein-coding sequences, detection of putative recombination events and evolutionary breakpoints, phylogenetic reconstructions and detection of positively selected sites in the full alignment and all possible fragments. Finally, all results are combined and visualized in an HTML web page. The resulting alignment fragments are indicated with colored bars in the HTML output. https://scispace.com/papers/positioning-children-citizens-exploring-discourses-in-early-1bgxef8opm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-curricula-excerpts-that-reflect-membership-and-26wcp25u.png Table 1. Curricula excerpts that reflect membership and participation in China and New Zealand https://scispace.com/papers/possibility-of-spongio-cement-usage-for-root-canal-2ord0qlamu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-significant-diiietence-in-apical-leakage-of-tested-pswosn1e.png Table 2. Significant diiietence in apical leakage of tested materials for apical obturation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-apical-leakage-ofdittetent-materials-for-apical-3fud3t4y.png Table 1.Apical leakage ofdittetent materials for apical obturation (rum) https://scispace.com/papers/possible-modulatory-effects-of-male-cues-and-social-system-3enszishcf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-generalized-linear-model-evaluating-1s1bjvvb.png Table 1. Results of the generalized linear model evaluating the effects of species, condition and time on LH levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pre-and-post-gnrh-challenge-lh-levels-miu-of-cape-mole-3qwxcc85.png Fig. 1. Pre- and post-GnRH-challenge LH levels (mIU) of Cape mole-rats (Georychus capensis) for isolated (i.e. control) females and those in chemical and physical contact with conspecific males. Depicted are mean ± S.E. Open bars indicate pre-challenge and filled bars post-challenge values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-corporalutea-found-in-female-cape-and-2voqbleg.png Table 2. Number of corporalutea found in female Cape and Natal mole-rats kept either under control conditions or in chemical or physical contact with a male conspecific, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pre-and-post-gnrh-challenge-lh-levels-miu-of-natal-2lx840jx.png Fig. 2. Pre- and post-GnRH-challenge LH levels (mIU) of Natal mole-rats (Cryptomys hottentotus natalensis) for isolated (i.e. control) females and those in chemical and physical contact with conspecific males. Depicted are mean ± S.E. Open bars indicate pre-challenge and filled bars post-challenge values. https://scispace.com/papers/post-fire-behaviour-of-ferritic-stainless-steel-material-4x9g1u5y2j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-hardness-of-ferritic-stainless-steel-at-different-3rggxnua.png Fig. 6. Hardness of ferritic stainless steel at different temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-ultimate-strength-for-ferritic-stainless-steel-with-3dxzyvr1.png Fig. 17. Ultimate strength for ferritic stainless steel with different cooling rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-mts-high-temperature-furnace-b-catterson-smith-nmvj8o5q.png Fig. 1. (a) MTS high temperature furnace. (b) Catterson Smith annealing oven. (c) Test specimen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-temperature-time-relationship-during-heating-1s1tugc7.png Fig. 2. Typical temperature-time relationship during heating and cooling stage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-residual-factor-of-youngs-modulus-3moib7oy.png Fig. 8. Residual factor of Young’s modulus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-residual-factor-of-yield-strength-1sjr3g1w.png Fig. 9. Residual factor of yield strength. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-yield-strength-for-ferritic-stainless-steel-with-3ajbkq5m.png Fig. 16. Yield strength for ferritic stainless steel with different cooling rates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-post-fire-stress-strain-curve-of-ferritic-stainless-1h4b6dez.png Fig. 7. Post-fire stress-strain curve of ferritic stainless steel. https://scispace.com/papers/post-mortem-dismemberment-using-chainsaws-273abt8551 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cast-off-points-of-chainsaw-the-cast-off-is-in-the-35n3h54u.png Figure 10. Cast-off points of chainsaw. The cast off is in the direction of the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-average-particle-size-to-right-of-cut-3uznfm6d.png Figure 9. Average particle size to right of cut. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-cast-off-from-the-cover-and-linear-tissue-spatter-3mx9g4wu.png Figure 11. Cast off from the cover and linear tissue spatter distribution in front of the cut from the petrol Stihl chainsaw. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pig-joint-showing-cuts-a-b-and-c-208acy3n.png Figure 3. Pig joint showing cuts A, B and C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stihl-tissue-spatter-distribution-behind-and-up-to-2o7rtclf.png Figure 4. Stihl tissue spatter distribution behind and up to 100 cm in front of Cut A. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tissue-particle-60-70-cm-behind-the-impact-site-l6fygmsn.png Figure 5. Tissue particle 60 - 70 cm behind the impact site. From B cut by petrol Stihl chainsaw. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-length-of-tissue-spatter-distribution-behind-the-uwjkiis2.png Figure 6. Length of tissue spatter distribution behind the cut. R2 is the correlation coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-exterior-of-a-petrol-chainsaw-a-stihl-1iu4mucw.png Figure 1. Exterior of a petrol chainsaw (a Stihl). https://scispace.com/papers/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-as-a-risk-factor-for-dementia-5ct63x934m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-meta-analysis-subgroup-and-sensitivity-analyses-of-2cg3015f.png Table 2 Meta-analysis, subgroup and sensitivity analyses of the association of PTSD and dementia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-funnel-plot-to-inspect-publication-bias-10v5n2y3.png Figure 3. Funnel plot to inspect publication bias. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-excluded-studies-with-reasons-3cefh7d3.png Table 2 Meta-analysis, subgroup and sensitivity analyses of the association of PTSD and dementia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-search-and-study-selection-process-123qli04.png Figure 1. Flowchart of the search and study selection process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-meta-analysis-of-hazard-ratios-of-ptsd-compared-to-352mv6lb.png Figure 2. Meta-analysis of hazard ratios of PTSD compared to no PTSD on risk of dementia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sensitivity-analyses-to-explore-the-impact-of-each-1youq0og.png Figure 1. Flowchart of the search and study selection process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-modified-newcastle-ottawa-scoring-scale-assessing-gve4p6ae.png Table 1 Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scoring scale assessing study quality https://scispace.com/papers/postharvest-flower-development-in-asiatic-hybrid-lilies-as-el1p72ae58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-carbohydrate-composition-in-tepals-of-the-largest-bud-24owj7cc.png Fig. 5. Carbohydrate composition in tepals of the largest bud (left bar) and open flower (right bar) of ‘Bright Beauty’ (BR), ‘Fashion’ (FA) and ‘Orlito’ (OR). Small bars indicate least significant differences between means (LSD) at P=0.05; n=4 samples per treatment combination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tepal-fw-dw-ratio-of-flower-buds-of-bright-beauty-36p6duwc.png Fig. 3. Tepal fw/dw ratio of flower buds of ‘Bright Beauty’, ‘Fashion’ and ‘Orlito’ at the stages of development present at the time of anthesis of the most mature flower bud. Developmental stages are defined by the tepal length of the flower buds (in mm). Arrows indicate open flowers. Bars indicate least significant differences between means (LSD) at P=0.05; n=12 flowers per treatment combination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-carbohydrate-composition-in-tepals-of-orlito-at-the-u1j3bwgs.png Fig. 4. Carbohydrate composition in tepals of ‘Orlito’ at the stages of development present at anthesis of the most mature flower bud. Developmental stages are defined by the tepal length of the flower buds (in mm) and are arranged in decreasing order, comparable with their location within the inflorescence. Arrow indicates open flower. Small bar indicates least significant differences between means (LSD) at P=0.05; n=4 samples per treatment combination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tepal-carbohydrate-status-of-lily-flower-buds-of-2k5fxpku.png Fig. 6. Tepal carbohydrate status of lily flower buds of ‘Bright Beauty’ (BR), ‘Fashion’ (FA) and ‘Orlito’ (OR) at the stages of development present at the time of anthesis of the most mature flower bud. Developmental stages are defined by the tepal length of the flower buds (in mm). Arrows indicate open flowers. Bars indicate least significant differences between means (LSD) at P=0.05; n=4 samples per treatment combination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-postharvest-development-of-inflorescence-attached-open-2butevo7.png Fig. 1. Postharvest development of inflorescence-attached (open symbols) and inflorescence-detached (closed symbols) flower buds of the Asiatic hybrid cultivar Orlito, harvested at the time of anthesis of the most mature floral bud. Five bud classes were distinguished, comparing the postharvest performance of detached buds with attached buds of initially the same size. Class numbers are presented in parentheses; (1) both attached and detached buds: little tepal growth, no anthesis; (2) detached buds: lower tepal growth rate and smaller absolute growth than attached buds, no anthesis. Attached buds: anthesis; (3) detached buds: lower tepal growth rate and equal absolute growth compared to attached buds. Both attached and detached buds: anthesis; (4) both attached and detached buds: comparable tepal growth rate, anthesis, comparable absolute growth; (5) detached buds: higher tepal growth rate and greater absolute growth than attached buds. Both attached and detached buds: anthesis. Arrows indicate open flowers; n=8 flowers per treatment combination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relationship-between-longevity-of-bright-beauty-8q8jotl5.png Fig. 7. Relationship between longevity of ‘Bright Beauty’, ‘’Fashion’ and ‘Orlito’ flowers and total tepal carbohydrate content at the time of detachment of the buds. Buds were detached from the inflorescence at several stages of development, present at the time of anthesis of the most mature flower bud. Arrows indicate open flowers at harvest; r=correlation coefficient of linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-five-classes-of-flower-buds-as-30s9ra1b.png Table 1 Distribution of five classes of flower buds (as defined in Fig. 1) and open flowers at harvest (OF), within lily inflorescences of ‘Bright Beauty’, ‘Fashion’ and ‘Orlito’; classes were distinguished comparing the postharvest development of attached lily flower buds with detached buds of initially the same tepal length at harvest of the inflorescence https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-individual-flower-longevity-in-days-of-attached-32juf1yn.png Fig. 2. Individual flower longevity (in days) of attached flowers (open symbols) and detached flowers (closed symbols) of ‘Bright Beauty’ (BR), ‘Orlito’ (OR) and ‘Fashion’ (FA), in relation to their initial tepal length (in mm) at harvest. Arrows indicate already open flowers at harvest per cultivar. Bars indicate least significant differences between means (LSD) at P=0.05; n=8 flowers per treatment combination. https://scispace.com/papers/postmortem-serum-protein-growth-arrest-specific-6-levels-in-4l3k5781i6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-ranges-medians-and-mean-values-for-all-25pvfq0w.png Table 1 Summary of ranges, medians, and mean values for all tested parameters in both studied groups https://scispace.com/papers/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-in-the-wake-of-heart-disease-4eccxoig72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-risk-factors-for-ptsd-in-cardiac-patients-2kuaakh8.png Figure 1. Risk factors for PTSD in cardiac patients https://scispace.com/papers/potential-emigration-of-latvian-labour-force-after-joining-4dji4fcd8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-internet-users-willingness-to-look-for-a-job-in-3qiwikxl.png Table 3.2. Internet users’ willingness to look for a job in one of the EU countries, by language of the on-line questionnaire, percent https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-4-determinants-of-planned-migration-in-the-next-3-120i76wt.png Table 2.4 Determinants of planned migration in the next 3 years (1999 data): Estimated logit model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-estimated-proportion-of-latvian-population-which-2ebnyueq.png Table 1.1 Estimated proportion of Latvian population which moved between municipalities during the period of 1989-99. Percent https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-results-of-the-new-baltic-barometer-iv-2000-1sieqeoa.png Table 3.3. Results of the New Baltic Barometer IV (2000), percent https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-predicted-probabilities-that-an-internet-user-19x585rk.png Figure 3.1 Predicted probabilities that an Internet user considers temporary or permanent migration to one of the EU countries, by age and net monthly earnings (other characteristics are fixed at their mean values) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-predicted-probabilities-that-an-internet-user-who-3ctcigze.png Figure 3.2 Predicted probabilities that an Internet user who plans to work in one of the EU countries, considers permanent migration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-predicted-probabilities-that-an-internet-user-who-2yciajsp.png Figure 3.3 Predicted probabilities that an Internet user who plans to work in one of the EU countries, considers permanent migration, by age and education, keeping other characteristics at their means https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-per-cent-distribution-of-respondents-of-the-on-1q7gb1c5.png Table 3.1. Per cent distribution of respondents of the on-line survey and of urban population aged 15-54 by age, gender, residence, and education https://scispace.com/papers/potential-use-of-power-plant-reject-heat-in-commercial-kxq0pdx3a3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-income-and-profit-from-a-0-48-ha-module-2uwvnkzk.png Table 5. Estimated income and profit from a 0.48 ha module https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-land-and-sewage-requirements-for-a-complex-1yqhg0uk.png Table 2. Land and sewage requirements for a complex consisting of a 0.20 ha fish pond and a 0.05 ha clam pond https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-growth-of-striped-and-subadult-latne-opth-bass-as-a-15m7ostj.png Fig. 1 . Growth of striped and subadult latne~opth bass as a function temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-annual-cost-summary-for-a-0-48-ha-module-111yx86m.png Table 4. Annual cost summary for a 0.48 ha module https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-capital-cost-summary-for-a-0-48-ha-module-179co7yn.png Table 3. Capital cost summary for a 0.48 ha module https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-species-associations-for-the-proposed-waste-heat-2rdlj6i1.png Table 1. Species associations for the proposed waste heat aquaculture system https://scispace.com/papers/power-analysis-of-local-transmission-technologies-mmu2yu4r1l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-current-analysis-of-433-mhz-transmitter-circuit-3u3njiwa.png Fig. 1. Current Analysis of 433 MHz Transmitter Circuit https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-current-consumption-of-common-modes-in-each-2smecvyz.png TABLE I. CURRENT CONSUMPTION OF COMMON MODES IN EACH IMPLEMENTATION. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-current-analysis-of-esp-01-coap-c-implementation-3p4v00kq.png Fig. 2. Current Analysis of ESP-01 CoAP C Implementation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-energy-comparison-of-the-number-of-transmissions-per-yge6n0gs.png Fig. 4. Energy Comparison of the Number of Transmissions Per Hour https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-energy-analysis-of-esp-01-static-vs-dhcp-3vsvva6o.png Fig. 3. Energy Analysis of ESP-01 Static Vs DHCP https://scispace.com/papers/power-delivery-and-locomotion-of-untethered-microactuators-4v7p00d9zj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-plan-view-and-cross-sections-of-the-postprocessing-32z81w1x.png Fig. 8 Plan view and cross-sections of the postprocessing sequence.i: PolyMUMPs sacrificial release produces suspended microstructures.ii: Wet oxidation produces insulator on both the top and bottom of the released devices.iii: Insulator is etched from contact pads to allow power to be delivered to the electrodes. iv: Restraining beams are broken at the score mark (left) to release the actuators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-maximum-speed-forhigh-frequency-drive-signals-plate-1uosra9v.png TABLE V MAXIMUM SPEED FORHIGH-FREQUENCY DRIVE SIGNALS (PLATE VOLTAGE= 60 V) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-maximum-speed-forhigh-frequency-drive-signals-plate-2mkzrufc.png TABLE IV MAXIMUM SPEED FORHIGH-FREQUENCY DRIVE SIGNALS (PLATE VOLTAGE= 50 V) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-progress-towards-to-fully-two-dimensional-2-d-mems-3k6dq5ai.png Fig. 1 Progress towards to fully two-dimensional (2-D) MEMS locomotive platforms.C- pace(configuration space [38]) reports the total degrees of freedom (DOF) of the device motion.Setupreports the possible DOF to initialize the device’s initial pose (position and orientation) prior to the motion either manually with a pair of microprobes (Manual), or in an automated fashion (Auto). The three classes of device are shown. Panel (a) characterizes the behavior of previous tethered scratch drive actuators (SDAs). The paths of these devices are constrained to fixed lines [26], [27], [30], [31] or circles [5], [12] that maponto IR in configuration space. Panel (b) describes the untethered actuators presented in the current paper. These new devices also operate in the configuration IR , but c n be manually initialized in the spaceIR S , whereIR is the Euclidean plane of the substrate, andS is the group of 2-D rotations corresponding to the device’s orientation. Hence, these untethered devices can move along arbitrary lines in the plane (as opposed to fixed paths, as in tethered SDAs [5], [26], [27], [30], [31]). Furthermore, while tethered SDAs are confined to disjoint lines, untethered SDAs can move along lines that overlap. Panel (c) characterizes the behavior of a (hypothetical) steerable microlocomotive platform. The untethered power delivery mechanism described in this paper enables the freedom of movement requir d for microdevices capable of the motions shown in panels (b) and (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sequence-ofprocessstepsused-toperforminsertion-mkfehkhb.png TABLE I SEQUENCE OFPROCESSSTEPSUSED TOPERFORMINSERTION OFDIELECTRIC LAYERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-average-speed-as-a-function-of-frequency-plate-32tm7sc7.png TABLE III AVERAGE SPEED AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY (PLATE VOLTAGE = 60 V) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-actuator-speed-as-a-function-of-frequency-control-of-1na6h1qi.png Fig. 11 Actuator speed as a function of frequency. Control of untethered microactuators is possible at a wide range of frequencies and speeds. Data points marked with “ ” (in blue) reflect average speeds. Data points marked with a dot (in red) reflect maximum interframe speeds. Circled data points (in gray) reflect motion tha occurred off of the intended electrodes and above (much thinner) electrical wiring. The slope of the plot shown in log–log space above, reflects a slight decrease in the step size of the actuators as the frequency increases across four orders of magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-electron-micrograph-of-a-capacitively-coupled-2xn1wid5.png Fig. 3 (a) Electron micrograph of a capacitively coupled untethered scratch drive actuator atop an array of insulated elctrodes. (b) Two frames extracted from an SEM video of an untethered actuator in motion. At top, a small dc priming voltage can be seen on the electrodes. At bottom, a large voltage between the electrodes pulls the scratch drive plate into flat contact with the substrate. The changes in resolution and intensity between the top and the bottom frames reflect the change in capacitively coupled voltage on the actuator. https://scispace.com/papers/power-quality-test-report-for-the-u-s-department-of-energy-1-2pwhmhcuxb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-current-distortions-2-9-khz-oe23535x.png Table 10. Current Distortions (2–9 kHz) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-power-quality-capture-test-matrix-requirements-39tdsq9g.png Table 1. Power Quality Capture Test Matrix Requirements Fulfilled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-calibration-sheet-for-the-power-transducer-page-4-3t7qyj40.png Figure A-4. Calibration sheet for the power transducer (page 4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-voltage-imbalance-versus-active-power-18ntz4fu.png Figure 8. Voltage imbalance versus active power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-short-term-flicker-pst-versus-power-for-30deg-333nc3kw.png Figure 10. Short-term flicker (Pst ) versus power for 30° network impedance angle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-current-imbalance-versus-active-power-2iuns3je.png Figure 9. Current imbalance versus active power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-site-electrical-diagram-2v5l91rg.png Figure 2. Site electrical diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-maximum-current-harmonics-10-minute-averages-1636ikoi.png Table 8. Maximum Current Harmonics (10-Minute Averages) https://scispace.com/papers/power-tools-for-copying-and-moving-useful-stuff-for-your-4tzjqpv25e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-selection-history-menu-1h4a2ibl.png Figure 1. Sample selection history menu. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timed-interactions-allow-a-clear-distinction-j0sis5cv.png Figure 2. Timed-interactions allow a clear distinction between application level and window system interactions. Feedback is provided as the user crosses the boundary between these two levels. “Cancel Press” denotes a press on any another mouse button. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stack-leafing-example-revealing-windows-of-the-1knwkgjs.png Figure 4. Stack leafing example: revealing windows of the third layer by moving down two boxes and leaving the widget. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-catching-the-red-dot-reveals-the-pie-menu-241zyiw9.png Figure 5. Catching the red dot reveals the pie menu. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-desk-pop-temporarily-bringing-the-desk-to-the-front-2mdiztui.png Figure 3. Desk pop: temporarily bringing the desk to the front while keeping application windows visible. https://scispace.com/papers/practicing-versus-inventing-with-contrasting-cases-the-2p7knjxlpp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-design-of-experiment-1-1pqjp23m.png Figure 2. Design of Experiment 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-averages-of-outcome-measures-by-experiment-and-2zv4k81y.png Table 1. Averages of outcome measures by experiment and treatment, including a further breakout of Experiment 2 based on a median split of achievement using students’ prior class performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-instructional-pages-preceding-the-crowded-clowns-27175ohh.png Figure 3. Instructional Pages Preceding the Crowded Clowns Worksheet. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sample-solutions-for-trampoline-problem-hc3zrq3p.png Figure 6. Sample Solutions for Trampoline Problem. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-samples-of-clown-recall-34gpp1rz.png Figure 5. Samples of Clown Recall https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crowded-clowns-worksheet-3krd07qr.png Figure 1. Crowded Clowns Worksheet. https://scispace.com/papers/pre-going-private-ownership-around-the-world-qs2i6uepje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-tests-s4w1wfmx.png Table 2. Univariate tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-country-x-year-and-industry-x-year-fixed-4j50cufw.png Table 6. Robustness: Country x year and industry x year fixed effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-robustness-instrumental-variable-iv-estimation-1e81oeda.png Table 7. Robustness: Instrumental Variable (IV) estimation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-2jxsa2q6.png Table 3. Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ownership-structure-and-going-private-decision-r8vkovtr.png Table 4. Ownership structure and going-private decision https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-8orj7w1n.png Table 1. Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-block-ownership-and-going-private-decision-2b5e70tz.png Table 5. Block ownership and going-private decision https://scispace.com/papers/precision-dispersive-approaches-versus-unitarized-chiral-3933gr525m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vec-or-p-rtial-wave-in-pp-kk-scattering-note-hat-ther-337y9phn.png Fig. 3. Vec or p rtial wave in ππ → KK̄ scattering. Note hat ther is only data above the KK̄ threshold. In the “unphysical” region below, the amplitude is calculated dispersively using a Mushkelishvili-Omnés approach. This region yields a relevant contribution to the κ/K∗0 (700) c annel in πK scattering. Using nconstrained fits to data (UFD, left) the predictions with one or two subtractions are inconsistent among themselves. They come out consistent with constrained fits to data (CFD, right). Figures taken from [55]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-imaginary-parts-of-the-isospin-1-2-p-left-and-s-right-24v4ec6u.png Fig. 8. Imaginary parts of the isospin-1/2 P (Left) and S (Right) πK → πK scattering partial waves from the UFD solution in [52] in the complex plane (in GeV). Note the very different behaviors produced by the K∗(892) and κ/K∗0 (700) poles on the physical region, denoted by a thick red line, on the first (Top) and second Riemann sheets (Bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-unitarized-lo-dashed-lines-for-both-pp-pp-left-and-pk-hgrp2h5x.png Fig. 15. Unitarized LO (dashed lines) for both ππ → ππ (left) and πK → πK (right) as described in Eq. (12), compared to the CFD parameterizations of [148] and [55] respectively. Note that the there is a qualitative resemblance between both shapes, even though the LO is incapable of describing the data. Both LO parameterizations contain poles that can be related to the σ/f0(500) and κ/K ∗ 0 (700) resonances, as shown in Eqs. (13) and (14). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-meson-meson-scattering-phase-shifts-hjcslvh2.png Fig. 3. Vec or p rtial wave in ππ → KK̄ scattering. Note hat ther is only data above the KK̄ threshold. In the “unphysical” region below, the amplitude is calculated dispersively using a Mushkelishvili-Omnés approach. This region yields a relevant contribution to the κ/K∗0 (700) c annel in πK scattering. Using nconstrained fits to data (UFD, left) the predictions with one or two subtractions are inconsistent among themselves. They come out consistent with constrained fits to data (CFD, right). Figures taken from [55]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-classes-of-diagrams-that-appear-in-the-nlo-chpt-1t20w8mr.png Fig. 14. Classes of diagrams that appear in the NLO ChPT calculation of meson-meson scattering. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-le-dependence-of-the-sigma-mass-ms-on-t-e-pi-n-mass-1nzguipn.png Fig. 17. Le : Dependence of the sigma mass Mσ on t e pi n mass, from the NNLO (tw - loops) IAM [78]. Different curves represent different fits on [78]. The t in continuous line shows the 2mπ threshold. Right: mπ dependence of the κ/K ∗ 0 (700) (solid line) and K ∗(892) (dashed line) masses [174]. All masses and widths are defined from the pole positions as obtained from NLO IAM fits. Figures taken from [203] (l ft) and [204] (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-status-of-th-s-f0-500-pole-as-resented-in-the-2020-3pwqfpes.png Fig. 5. Status of th σ/f0(500) pole as resented in the 2020 edition of the RPP [11]. The shaded area is the RPP estimate for the pole mass, i.e., M ≡ Re(√spole), and the pole half width Γ/2 ≡ −(Im√spole). The red circles are considered the “Most advanced dispersive analyses” of [29, 30, 35, 103]. F r the rest of ref renc s see [11]. Figure taken from the Note on “Scalar mesons below 2 GeV” in [11]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-k-0-700-pole-positions-the-rpp-estimate-dark-rectangle-977b36tl.png Fig. 6. K∗0 (700) pole positions. The RPP estimate (dark rectangle) and Breit-Wigner parameterizations are taken from [11]. The rest are: Descotes-Genon et al. [51], Bonvicini et al. [108], D.Bugg [43], J.R.Peláez [46], Zhou et al. [109] and the “Padé Result” [56]. The “conformal CFD” is a simple analytic extrapolation of a conformal parameterization in [52]. We also show results using Roy-Steiner dispersive equations, using as input the Peláez-Rodas UFD or CFD parameterizations [54, 55]. Red and blue points use for the antisymmetric πK → πK amplitude a once-subtracted or an unsubtracted dispersion relation, respectively. This illustrates how unstable pole determinations are when using simple unconstrained fits to data (UFD). Only once Roy-Steiner Eqs. are imposed as a constraint (CFD), both pole determinations fall on top of each other. The final pole position is the main result of the dispersive analysis in [54], provided on the inset. Figure taken from [54]. https://scispace.com/papers/precision-manufacturing-of-key-components-for-an-ultra-2gvwvhzhnc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-edm-performance-comparison-with-variable-discharge-3lokq3ft.png Table 2 EDM performance comparison with variable discharge pulse https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-schematic-view-of-the-production-chain-for-10n7old6.png Fig. 8 A schematic view of the production chain for manufacturing the ceramic turbine impeller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-topography-and-crosssection-views-after-edm-using-iso-22oxg8kx.png Fig. 7 Topography and crosssection views after EDM using iso energetic pulse https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-grinding-tools-and-strategies-used-for-grinding-the-1xzq9iiv.png Table 3 Grinding tools and strategies used for grinding the bearing and coupling surface for ceramic turbine impeller https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-three-dimensional-volumetric-models-of-the-compressor-3ezsbnex.png Fig. 2 Three-dimensional volumetric models of the compressor and turbine impellers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dimensional-and-geometrical-accuracy-of-the-bearing-2r3sn7bp.png Table 4 Dimensional and geometrical accuracy of the bearing and coupling surfaces after grinding process https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-deviation-maps-of-the-measured-impeller-comparing-to-2rk7epld.png Fig. 10 Deviation maps of the measured impeller comparing to the CAD model in different views https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematic-views-of-turbine-impeller-measurement-on-cmm-3fgxa8iq.png Fig. 9 Schematic views of turbine impeller measurement on CMM https://scispace.com/papers/precisely-serializable-snapshot-isolation-pssi-1zq3dg8jvz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1a-potential-cycle-19ssbxy0.png Figure 3.1b. SI-RW Diagram of Completed Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-pssi-lock-manager-5s6es6c5.png Figure 3.3. PSSI Lock Manager https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-lightning-bolt-and-a-potential-cycle-3skeptwu.png Figure 3.2. "Lightning Bolt" and a Potential Cycle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-history-h4-si-rw-cycle-with-read-only-transaction-di5ob9fy.png Figure 5.2. History H4: SI-RW Cycle with Read-Only Transaction T3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-commited-transactions-per-second-s5u1-flush-on-2mmwmblh.png Figure 4.10 Commited Transactions per Second, s5u1, Flush on Commit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-committed-transactions-per-second-s3u3-1800-row-2hgzzj48.png Figure 4.9 Committed Transactions Per Second, s3u3, 1800 row hotspot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-committed-transactions-per-second-s1u1-200-row-3ke5k5ro.png Figure 4.8 Committed Transactions Per Second, s1u1, 200 row hotspot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-4-2-committed-transactions-per-second-s5u1-200-18wjxf4q.png Figure 4.6 (=4.2) Committed Transactions Per Second, s5u1, 200 row hotspot https://scispace.com/papers/predatory-mortgage-lending-46xu3uovqs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-2qzjuepm.png Figure 1: Timeline https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparative-statics-for-the-incidence-and-severity-631347rx.png Table 1: Comparative statics for the incidence and severity of predatory lending https://scispace.com/papers/predicted-detection-rates-of-regional-scale-meteorite-ly46perbjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-record-sections-from-explosive-data-a-eagle-3bppl8hk.png Figure 5: Example record sections from explosive data. (a) EAGLE shot point 14 at Cheffe Donsa, (b) US nuclear test “Divider”, (c) Chinese 1996 nuclear test, and (d) DPRK 2006 nuclear test. Note that the EAGLE data in (a) is shown in reduced time relative to explosion origin time for clarity, whereas nuclear test data in (b,c,d) are in time relative to the reported explosion origin time. Light grey region indicates noise window and dark grey window indicates first arrival window. All seismograms have been bandpass filtered using a 1–16 Hz 4 pole Butterworth filter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-numerical-values-of-parameters-used-to-determine-2mhq5tna.png Table 3: Numerical values of parameters used to determine detectability of regional impacts. For impacts the overall uncertainty is dominated by the large errors in s and α. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-peak-seismogram-amplitudes-as-a-function-of-source-3mgynau6.png Figure 6: Peak seismogram amplitudes as a function of source-receiver distance from explosive and impact datasets. Solid lines show lines of best fit and dashed lines indicate 1σ uncertainties due to data scatter. Scaled velocity is the peak seismogram velocity in the first arrival window scaled by the square root of the yield as in equation 3 such that it is the equivalent peak seismogram velocity for a 1000 kg TNT event. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-impact-and-explosive-source-parameters-data-compiled-pnvl8b78.png Table 2: Impact and explosive source parameters. Data compiled from: Carancas Impact (Brown et al., 2008; Le Pichon et al., 2008; Tancredi et al., 2009); Apollo Impacts (Toksoz et al., 1974; Williams, 2003); EAGLE chemical explosives (Maguire, 2003); UK/US nuclear tests (U. S. Department of Energy, 2000); Chinese nuclear test (Yang et al., 2003; CTBTO, 2012); and DPRK nuclear tests (Zhang and Wen, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-two-models-of-present-day-cratering-rates-used-8kfgup7g.png Table 1: The two models of present day cratering rates used in this study. Impact Model 1 is based on observed new small craters from Daubar et al. (2013) and Malin et al. (2006) combined with a rescaling of the 1 Gyr isochron of Hartmann (2005) for larger crater diameters and should be considered a lower bound on current impact rate. Impact Model 2 additionally incorporates modelling of smaller sub-observation scale impactors from Williams et al. (2014). Columns are: D crater diameter bin centre; D1/D2 minimum/maximum limits of crater diameter bin; N incremental cratering rate for each bin; Nmin/Nmax minimum/maximum cratering rate including all error contributions. Sources: *Daubar et al. (2013), error bar from Poisson statistics; † Hartmann (2005) 1 Gyr isochron scaled by 1/3 ×10−9 to match Malin et al. (2006) and Daubar et al. (2013) observations, error bar standard factor of 2 error discussed in Hartmann (1999, 2005); ‡ modelling results from Williams et al. (2014) scaled to match the Daubar et al. (2013) crater counts in the 9.29 and 13.08 m bins. Bins are spaced by a factor of √ 2 and have the same bin centres as Hartmann (2005). Values are plotted in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-detectability-of-regional-impacts-on-mars-a-maximum-28sab59n.png Figure 7: Detectability of regional impacts on Mars. (a) Maximum detection range of regional impacts as a function of crater diameter (black solid line) and associated 1σ uncertainties (black dashed lines). Impacts are only considered regional if they are within 1200 km of the seismometer, which is the range over which the peak amplitude scaling was determined. Hence, the detection range has a its maximum value set to 1200 km. Grey lines indicate an extrapolation of the scaling relation to greater source-receiver distances. (b) Detection range expressed as a proportion of Mars’ surface. (c) Current crater production functions for impact models 1 and 2 along with 1-σ uncertainties (dashed lines). (d) Product of (b) and (c), which gives the number of detectable regional events (range <1200 km) per √ 2 diameter bin for impact model 1 (black circles) and impact model 2 (open diamonds). Dashed lines show 1-σ uncertainties for each model, which are dominated by the error in s (Table 3). Grey points indicate number of detections at all distances using the extrapolated scaling relation. Open square at 74.29 m shows the prediction from Teanby and Wookey (2011) who assume a seismic efficiency ks=2×10−5. Open inverted triangles show re-calculated predictions from Teanby and Wookey (2011) assuming ks=5×10−4. This higher value of ks gives much better agreement with predictions from the extrapolated scaling law. Note the model predictions from Teanby and Wookey (2011) also have an order of magnitude uncertainty, which is not shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-location-maps-of-impact-and-explosion-datasets-used-2zsyfn03.png Figure 2: Location maps of impact and explosion datasets used to determine the distanceyield-amplitude scaling relation. Red circles are events (impacts or explosions) and blue triangles are seismometers. (a) Apollo artificial lunar impacts overlain on the Clementine lunar basemap. (b) Carancas impact event. (c) EAGLE controlled source chemical explosions. (d) US nuclear tests at the Nevada test site. (e) Chinese nuclear test. (f) North Korean nuclear tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-current-crater-production-function-models-and-29n7vke5.png Figure 1: Current crater production function models and observations. N(D) is the incremental number of craters in a bin centred on crater diameter D, with range 2−1/4D to 21/4D (per km2 on the left axis and for the whole of Mars for the right axis). Observations are from Malin et al. (2006) and Daubar et al. (2013). The downturn in N(D) at small crater diameters in the new crater observations is attributed to finite image resolution or atmospheric ablation and deceleration. Values for the impact model curves are given in Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/precision-tests-of-the-electroweak-interaction-at-the-z-pole-2lrkx5o32v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cut-away-view-of-the-aleph-detector-showing-the-main-3kfowo77.png FIG. 6. Cut-away view of the ALEPH detector showing the main detector elements: (1) silicon vertex detector; (2) inner trigger chamber; (3) time projection chamber; (4) electromagnetic calorimeter; (5) superconducting coil; (6) hadron calorimeter; (7) muon chambers; (8) luminosity monitors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-41-contours-at-39-68-and-95-confidence-levels-of-mw-vs-2rygtlv6.png FIG. 41. Contours at 39%, 68%, and 95% confidence levels of MW vs sin 2 ueff l compared with the predictions of the minimal standard model. The star shows the ‘‘Born’’ prediction (only the running of a is included), and the arrow shows the effect of its present uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-42-one-standard-deviation-bands-of-the-rb-sin-2-ueff-l-bsy0jwen.png FIG. 42. One-standard-deviation bands of the Rb , sin 2 ueff l , and R l measurements compared with MSM predictions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-lepton-tagging-momentum-vs-transverse-momentum-2fvma8gr.png FIG. 23. Lepton tagging. Momentum vs transverse-momentum distributions for leptons from: (a) primary b decays, (b) secondary b decays, (c) primary c decays, (d) lepton fakes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-relative-corrections-to-the-experimental-f94nit5v.png TABLE VIII. Relative corrections to the experimental asymmetries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-35-the-most-recent-afb-b-afb-c-measurements-and-the-39jmjn2f.png FIG. 35. The most recent AFB b , AFB c measurements and the resulting LEP average. The measured asymmetries have been readjusted to common values for the relevant parameters (like the x mixing parameter) and translated into pole asymmetries. Only measurements at the Z peak are shown. The displayed error does not include systematic errors, which are common to at least two measurements. They are compared with the prediction of the standard model. The hatching code of the MSM prediction is described in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-inclusive-electron-spectra-as-fitted-by-l3-1994a-uwmnl0d9.png FIG. 24. Inclusive electron spectra as fitted by L3 (1994a), showing data and Monte Carlo simulation with the various components. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-hadronic-cross-section-as-a-function-of-center-of-mass-3mcwxcto.png FIG. 8. Hadronic cross section as a function of center-of-mass energy as measured by the ALEPH Collaboration (1994d). The solid line represents the minimal-standard-model fit to the data. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-actions-from-static-scenes-1qx9g5n5nr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-action-based-scene-classification-a-2iqj6j4z.png Fig. 4: Results of action-based scene classification. (a): Confusion matrix for the 33- category subset using Maximum Likelihood Naive Bayes estimation. The strong red line along the diagonal indicates excellent classification performance. A few pairs of categories e.g., (basement,attic) and (river,lake) are confused due to similarity in their characteristic actions. (b): Average accuracy (%) of scene classification for the 33- category subset and for all 397 scene categories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-selected-sun-action-classification-results-both-2gaudptg.png Fig. 8: Selected SUN Action classification results - both outdoor (cyan) and indoor (orange) - with our best kernel combination. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-of-action-prediction-for-all-38-outdoor-kx6acoso.png Fig. 7: Results of action prediction for all 38 outdoor actions (top) and 23 indoor actions (bottom) sorted in the decreasing order of Average Precision (AP). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-images-of-scene-classes-sandbar-and-temple-east-asia-olp141nm.png Fig. 1: Images of scene classes sandbar and temple east asia from the SUN dataset [14] together with probabilities for the five most likely actions, predicted manually by people (red) and by our method (green). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-results-of-hierarchical-clustering-of-33-scene-1temmon4.png Fig. 5: Results of hierarchical clustering of 33 scene categories based on the similarity of image descriptors (left) and action similarity (right). Image-based similarity groups similar-looking scenes despite their large difference in semantics such as “alley” and “bathroom”. In contrast, action-based similarity results in more semantically meaningful clusters. For example, “mountain, snowy” is placed in a category of its own according to the visual similarity, whereas it is grouped together with other outdoor places on the basis of action similarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-automatic-visual-action-prediction-for-test-images-in-3dvjjkc4.png Fig. 6: Automatic visual action prediction for test images in SUN Action dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-geo-localized-prediction-of-actions-left-predictions-2gx19euv.png Fig. 10: Geo-localized prediction of actions. (left): Predictions for actions “hike” and “swim” on the map of France. (right): Predictions for the action “swim” in Paris. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-where-can-i-ski-in-france-top-left-official-skiing-3gld4i5v.png Fig. 9: “Where can I ski in France?” - (Top left) Official skiing stations in France [32]. (Top middle) Suggested places for skiing by IGMA. (Top right) Dense map of action “ski” generated by IGMA. (Bottom) Panoramio images of suggested places for skiing. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-application-performance-using-supervised-learning-3hqe5tn35t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prior-and-new-metrics-that-indicate-contention-for-28it2730.png Table 1: ?Prior and †new metrics that indicate contention for network resources. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dimensions-of-the-allocated-job-partitions-on-bg-q-1ifqz9zt.png Table 2: Dimensions of the allocated job partitions on BG/Q. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-prediction-success-summary-for-all-benchmarks-on-3nstwizi.png Figure 8: Prediction success: summary for all benchmarks on 65,536 cores of BG/Q. Hybrid metrics show high correlation with application performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-summary-of-prediction-results-on-65536-cores-using-254hhhlb.png Figure 9: Summary of prediction results on 65,536 cores using 4 MB messages. For all benchmarks, prediction is highly accurate both in terms of ordering and absolute values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-prediction-success-based-on-new-features-on-16384-dt77ij8p.png Figure 6: Prediction success based on new features on 16,384 cores of BG/Q. We observe a general increase in RCC, but R2 values are low in most cases resulting in empty columns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-prediction-success-based-on-hybrid-features-from-puqo11c5.png Figure 7: Prediction success based on hybrid features from Table 3 on 16,384 cores of BG/Q. We obtain RCC and R2 values exceeding 0.99 for 3D Halo and Sub A2A. Prediction success improves significantly for 2D Halo also. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparing-predicted-values-with-observed-values-13il5x9p.png Figure 14: Comparing predicted values with observed values for pF3D on 16,384 cores. Highly accurate ordering of mappings is obtained. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-prediction-success-for-pf3d-using-a-variety-of-16zbbfub.png Figure 13: Prediction success for pF3D using a variety of prior, new, and hybrid metrics. RCC values are very high for the hybrid metrics, as in previous examples, but are somewhat lower for prior and new single metrics. R2 values are lower on average overall. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-medium-term-tfp-growth-in-the-united-states-2744trxh0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u-s-tfp-growth-per-cent-per-annum-1947q1-2016q4-2aetsiyk.png Figure 1 U.S. TFP growth: per cent per annum, 1947q1 – 2016q4: source Fernald (2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-autocorrelations-of-u-s-tfp-growth-with-two-hcd86p3l.png Figure 2 Sample autocorrelations of U.S. TFP growth with two standard error bounds ( 12.0 ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tfp-growth-in-the-u-s-business-sector-1947-2015-344rtr5g.png Table 1. TFP Growth in the U.S. Business Sector, 1947-2015 (average rate, % per annum) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-trend-tfp-growth-estimates-80-tt-fixed-20-year-71j8e4jr.png Figure 4 Trend TFP growth estimates 80,ˆ tt (fixed 20-year window) and 100,ˆ tt (fixed 25- year window) plus 10-year ahead projection of average TFP growth adjusted for capacity utilization: 1975 – 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trend-tfp-growth-estimates-tt-smoothed-and-tt-nqz4dimq.png Figure 3 Trend TFP growth estimates Tt̂ (smoothed) and tt̂ (rolling): 1967 – 2016). https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-intensity-of-white-tailed-deer-herbivory-in-the-2axxi3istc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-white-tailed-deer-odocoileus-virginianus-herbivory-15key2sa.png Fig. 1 White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herbivory study regions and assessment sites in the central Appalachian Mountains, Virginia, USA, summer 2014. Regions are: Appalachian plateau, AP; Blue Ridge Northern, BRN; Blue Ridge Southern, BRS; Valley and Ridge Tennessee River Drainage, VRT; Valley and Ridge Middle-Upper Shenandoah, VRM-US; and Valley and Ridge MiddleLower Shenandoah, VRM-LS https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-three-best-supported-linear-mixed-models-of-number-309fnj01.png Table 3 Three best supported linear mixed models of number of woody plant stems browsed by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on herbivory assessment transects in the central Appalachian Mountains, Virginia, USA, summer 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-transects-among-topographic-and-1d8hxpwb.png Table 1 Distribution of transects among topographic and landform criteria on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herbivory assessment sites in the central Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, USA, summer 2014 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-standard-deviation-of-model-factors-for-white-3awgh2aw.png Table 2 Mean ± standard deviation of model factors for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herbivory assessment transects in the central Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, USA, summer 2014 https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-fully-self-consistent-satellite-richness-galaxy-4542swaubj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-sfr-stellar-mass-relation-derived-from-2lj89kf6.png Figure 7. The SFR–stellar mass relation derived from following central galaxy populations along halo mass histories at redshifts z = 0.1, 1, 2, 3, 5. The data extracted from the post-processing of STEEL are shown by coloured crosses and the double power-law fits are shown as lines in corresponding colours. The three black lines are the evolution of the galaxy populations selected at redshift z = 0.1 with masses M∗ = 1011, 1011.5, 1012( M ) presented in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-we-show-at-three-redshift-steps-the-predicted-2tadmdva.png Figure 11. We show at three redshift steps the predicted fraction of ellipticals as a function of stellar mass. The lines are the predictions from STEEL and the tringles are the T-Type selected elliptical fraction from SDSS at redshift z = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-abundance-matching-results-for-the-cmodel-and-2ujp69w8.png Table 1. The abundance matching results for the cmodel and PYMORPH data. The errors are the 16th and 86th percentile from the MCMC fitting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-evolution-of-merger-rate-per-gyr-at-fixed-halo-xikfyr4q.png Figure 4. The evolution of merger rate per Gyr at fixed halo mass. Lines are from STEEL, shaded bands are the analytic fits from Fakhouri et al. (2010). Halo masses shown are Mh,cen : 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014 M h−1 as labelled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-the-smhm-relation-at-redshift-z-0-1-the-3iuetj2l.png Figure 3. Left: The SMHM relation at redshift z= 0.1. The PYMORPH (blue solid line) and cmodel (orange dashed line) fits from this work are both for central haloes/galaxies, the fit from Moster et al. (2013) (hereafter M13, red dotted line) is for all haloes/galaxies. The grey band is the relation from Illustris TNG100. Right: SMFs created using the central HMF and the three SMHM relations compared to PYMORPH (blue circles) and cmodel (orange triangles) central SMFs. The black squares are the SMF from Illustris TNG100. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-moocs-dropout-using-only-two-easily-obtainable-1f9kx51cv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-gini-index-for-the-features-in-the-five-courses-3c1235fi.png Fig. 1. Gini-index for the features in the five courses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prediction-performance-for-balanced-data-2q7o8v29.png Table 1. Prediction performance for balanced data (oversampling) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-spent-on-the-first-step-of-the-first-week-week-22xpr6i4.png Fig. 2. Time spent on the first step of the first week (week one) by completers and noncompleters. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-pareto-and-exponential-observables-56btwpcck6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exact-and-approximate-values-of-pr-y-1-lw-15000-awoqlxjy.png Table 1: Exact and Approximate values of Pr[Y< .1 lw = 15,000]. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-oil-price-movements-a-dynamic-artificial-neural-3z4anucbm9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-previous-studies-and-methods-ofoil-price-predictions-10qnugj3.png Table 1: Previous studies and methods ofoil price predictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparison-of-accuracy-ofthe-different-models-477tyntl.png Table 6: Comparison of accuracy ofthe different models https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-result-number-of-lags-in-log-log-model-326vum8a.png Table 5: Result - Number of Lags in Log-Log Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oil-price-actual-data-vs-time-seriesresults-1970-2701m0am.png Figure 2: Oil price - Actual data vs. time seriesresults 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-result-of-arima-test-in-log-log-model-1r51d9u9.png Table 4: Result of ARIMA test in Log-Log model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variables-used-inthe-estimated-models-14ywhhws.png Table 2: Variables used inthe estimated models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-narx-predicted-oil-price-vs-actual-3ki35rxw.png Figure 5: Comparison of NARX predicted oil price vs. Actual price https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multi-layer-perceptron-mlp-neural-network-source-b7p6ftuh.png Figure 1: Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network Source: (Boroushaki et al., 2003) https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-richness-and-composition-in-mountain-insect-4lnpxnx0sx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-research-questions-3rnxynne.png Figure 1 Schematic representation of the research questions in the test of spatially explicit species assemblage modelling (SESAM) (top left box), of the four steps in the framework (top right box) and of the alternative implementations in each step (bottom box). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boxplots-representing-the-richness-error-the-251tfija.png Figure 2 Boxplots representing the richness error, the Sørensen index and the prediction success of species richness and composition for the prediction obtained from the sum of binary individual species distribution models (bS-SDM), the differential implementation of the spatially explicit species assemblage modelling (SESAM) framework in Steps 2 (here we show results from the application of three thresholds), 3 (two richness models) and 4 (five biotic rules), and a random sorting of species to match the value from the relevant richness prediction (Rand). Abbreviations: pS-SDM, sum of probabilities from single species distribution models; MEM, macroecological models; MaxTSS, threshold set at (sensitivity + specificity − 1); ObsPrev, threshold set to the observed prevalence; MaxPCC, threshold that results in the maximum percentage of correctly classified sites; Br-SS, biotic rule based on competition pressure on single species; Br-Pair1, biotic rule based on the competition strength of species pairs without considering a thresholding P-value; Br-Pair2, biotic rule based on the competition strength of species pairs showing a significant segregation pattern after the application of the Bayesian CL correction; Br-Pair3, biotic rule that always removes one of the two significantly competing species, if any are present in the unit; PRR, probability ranking rule, based on the probability of the presence of the species in the unit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-scores-for-predictions-of-total-richness-3fw7djoi.png Table 1 Evaluation scores for predictions of total richness according to the following evaluation metrics: mean of the error (ME), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the Pearson correlation with the observed species richness (r Pearson). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-in-predicting-species-composition-mean-3v8qhtrk.png Table 2 Performance in predicting species composition (mean Sørensen index) of the sum of binary individual species distribution models (bS-SDM) implemented with five different thresholds (left column) and each combination of the spatially explicit species assemblage modelling (SESAM) framework in Steps 2 (five thresholds), 3 (two richness models) and 4 (five biotic rules). On the colour scale, darker tones highlight increasingly good predictive performances (higher values of the index). https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-snow-velocity-in-large-chute-flows-under-4u8ia97ufo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-photograph-of-the-slf-snow-chute-at-weissfluhjoch-2kggkfwb.png Figure 4: Photograph of the SLF snow-chute at Weissfluhjoch, in Davos, Switzerland. The circle in the centre of the picture indicates the half-wedge containing the optical sensor array. Photograph: M. Schaefer, SLF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-leave-one-out-diagnostic-the-observations-for-each-124tw340.png Figure 11: Leave-one-out diagnostic. The observations for each experiment in turn are predicted using observations from the other nine. The prediction errors from each experiment are standardised so that they ought to have mean zero and standard deviation one, and be uncorrelated, using the pivoted Cholesky approach of Bastos and O’Hagan (2009). Each panel shows the standardised prediction error on the horizontal axis and the height on the vertical axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-adjusted-predictive-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-2zjbczhc.png Figure 13: Adjusted predictive mean and standard deviation of velocity at a height of 0.40m, cf. Figure 12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-model-consistent-approximate-values-for-the-model-lxfsthcg.png Figure 7: Model-consistent approximate values for the model parameters and results (lefthand table) and the resulting velocity profile (righthand figure). The Tss value in the table is just for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-environmental-conditions-in-the-ten-experiments-34zz7ax2.png Figure 1: Environmental conditions in the ten experiments (labelled A, . . . , J), indexed by snow density (kg/m3) and snow-surface temperature (◦C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-prior-predicted-velocities-on-a-3-x-3-grid-in-snow-2mpee5b2.png Figure 9: Prior predicted velocities on a 3 × 3 grid in snow density (horizontal) and snow-surface temperature (vertical). The share attributable to uncertainty in the model parameters is shown by the ticks inside each error bar, with the rest being due to the discrepancy between the model and actual snow behaviour. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-prior-predictive-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-1hbrct52.png Figure 12: Prior predictive mean and standard deviation of velocity at a height of 0.4m, by snow density and snow-surface temperature. The greyscale and contours show the mean velocity. The width of each grey tile is inversely proportional to the standard deviation (i.e. the area is proportional to the precision), so that regions with more white indicate more uncertainty; the standard deviations run from 0m/s (full width) to ≥ 4m/s (no width, all white). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-velocity-profile-of-a-steady-2d-herschel-bulkley-u34f5yio.png Figure 5: Velocity profile of a steady 2D Herschel-Bulkley flow of snow. Our alterations to the standard notation are described in Section 2. See Figure 6 for a schematic. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-performance-of-opponent-models-in-automated-2riysbuwzq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-overview-of-accuracy-measures-3hy1a8o2.png Table II OVERVIEW OF ACCURACY MEASURES. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overview-of-opponent-models-3188q4qt.png Table I OVERVIEW OF OPPONENT MODELS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-accuracy-of-the-best-opponent-models-on-varying-40g39yia.png Figure 4. Accuracy of the best opponent models on varying scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-accuracy-of-four-opponent-models-against-different-8i2jknbt.png Figure 3. Accuracy of four opponent models against different types of opponents, measured using two accuracy measures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pearson-correlation-over-time-against-predictable-1kc1f81w.png Figure 2. Pearson correlation over time against predictable (conceding) opponents and the unpredictable opponents (other agents). The numbers above a cluster of lines are ordered from high to low accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-visualization-of-the-difference-in-pareto-frontier-1z175amf.png Figure 1. Visualization of the difference in Pareto frontier surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-accuracy-versus-performance-for-all-opponent-models-2wzva5cc.png Figure 5. Accuracy versus performance for all opponent models. Accuracy is measured using the difference in Pareto frontier surface (range [0, 1], where 0 is best) and Pearson correlation of bids (range [−1, 1], where 1 is best). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-absolute-correlation-between-accuracy-measure-ktjoi9uv.png Figure 6. Absolute correlation between accuracy measure scores and two other measures: performance and “Pearson correlation of bids”. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-tumor-response-to-drugs-based-on-gene-expression-55p3g5hphm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-breast-cancer-her2-positive-subtype-was-predicted-2sz9v8mf.png Figure 6. Breast cancer Her2-positive subtype was predicted to have the highest sensitivity to OSI-027 (GDSC drug ID=1594) and that this sensitivity may be directly linked with MUCL1 expression level in those tumors. (A) Predicted OSI-027 sensitivity for the five subtypes of TCGA BRCA samples: violin plots of the predicted ln(IC50) values of OSI-027 for basal-like, Her2-positive, luminal A, luminal B and normal-like breast cancer tumors. (B) MUCL1 gene expression in cancer cell lines versus sensitivity to OSI-027: MUCL1 expression in CCLE cancer cell lines was negatively correlated with the observed ln(IC50) of OSI-027 (𝜌% = −0.30, p = 6.0E-05), indicating higher MUCL1 expression was associated with higher sensitivity to OSI-027. (C) TCGA breast cancer tumor gene expression data: violin plots of MUCL1 expression in TCGA basal-like, Her2-positive, luminal A, luminal B, and normal-like breast tumor samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-examples-of-drugs-that-are-predicted-to-have-high-2a9ops6k.png Figure 3. Examples of drugs that are predicted to have high tumor-to-normal sensitivity for some tumor types. Violin plots of predicted IC50 values in tumor (red) and normal (blue) tissue for trametinib (A), sapitinib (B) and luminespib (C) that showed the ratio of tumor-to-normal sensitivity exceeding 2.7 (1 logarithmic unit) for at least one of 14 tissue types. The ln(IC50) values of the drugs were predicted based on the RNA-seq data of the tumor and normal tissue samples from TCGA. Violin plots for normal and tumor samples from the same tissue type are shown as side-by-side pairs with their TCGA type on the X-axis. See Figure 2 legend for additional description of the violin plots. Red star (*) indicates the difference between the median of predicted IC50 values for normal samples and the median of predicted IC50 values for tumor samples is more than one logarithmic unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-basal-breast-tumors-are-predicted-to-be-more-ajrl9bz0.png Figure 5. Basal breast tumors are predicted to be more sensitive to bleomycin than luminal A, luminal B or Her2-positive breast tumors and the sensitivity is inversely correlated with ACE expression. (A) Predicted bleomycin sensitivity for the five subtypes of TCGA BRCA samples: violin plots of the predicted ln(IC50) values of bleomycin for the five subtypes of breast tumors based on gene expression data and PAM50 classification of TCGA BRCA samples. (B) ACE gene expression in cancer cell lines versus sensitivity to bleomycin: ACE expression in the CCLE cancer cell lines was positively correlated with observed ln(IC50) values for bleomycin (𝜌% = 0.27, p-value = 6.6E-11). The red line is the least-squares regression line. (C) TCGA breast cancer tumor gene expression data: violin plots of ACE expression in TCGA basal-like, Her2-positive, luminal A, luminal B, and normal-like breast tumor samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-work-flow-first-gdsc-1gkzvmh5.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the work flow. First, GDSC cancer cell line drug sensitivity data, CCLE cancer cell gene expression data and TCGA/GTEx tissue gene expression data are combined and transformed. The CCLE gene expression data and GDSC drug sensitivity data (collectively referred to as the cell-line data) were used to build predictive models that were subsequently used to predict/impute the tissue drug sensitivity for the TCGA and GTEx samples. Broadly, for each drug, we divided the cell-line data into a training and testing set. We aimed to identify a 30-gene set whose gene expression levels are most predictive of the IC50 values of the drug for the samples in the testing set. The resulting model (a 30-gene set) was subsequently used to predict the IC50 value of the TCGA/GTEx samples. This process was repeated 100 times independently. The predicted IC50 values from the 100 runs were then averaged and taken as the predicted IC50 value of the drug for the samples. For details, see Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-selected-drugs-that-are-predicted-to-be-tumor-type-35hples7.png Figure 4. Selected drugs that are predicted to be tumor-type-specific. Violin plots of the predicted ln(IC50) values of Acetalax (A), Alisertib (B), Dasatinib (C), Debrafenib (D), OSI-027 (E), and Sapitinib (F) for TCGA tumor samples from 33 tumor types. The solid line shows the median of the medians of the predicted IC50 values for all 33 tumor types; whereas the dashed line is one logarithmic unit below the solid line. See Figure 2 legend for additional description of the violin plots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-predicted-sensitivity-of-tumor-types-and-normal-vj7p41ds.png Figure 2. Predicted sensitivity of tumor-types and normal tissue to trametinib. (A) Violin plots of predicted ln(IC50) values of trametinib based on RNA-seq gene expression data from TCGA tumor samples from 33 tumor types. Overall COAD, READ, SKCM and UVM tumors (yellow) had the lowest predicted median IC50 values. For the description of the 33 TCGA tumor types, see supplementary data (Table S6). The solid line shows the median of the medians of the predicted IC50 values for all 33 tumor types whereas the dashed line is one logarithmic unit below the solid line. (B) Violin plots of the predicted ln(IC50) values of trametinib for COAD tumor (red) and normal (blue) samples from TCGA and for GTEx normal tissue samples from 15 major organs (green); here the solid line shows the median of the medians of the predicted IC50 values for all 16 normal tissues. In each violin, the red dot is located at the median; the vertical red bar extends from 25th to 75th percentiles. https://scispace.com/papers/predicting-the-spatial-and-temporal-dynamics-of-species-8r1nvefk3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-observed-and-predicted-diameter-at-1-2e3mjnez.png Figure 4. Comparison of observed and predicted diameter at 1.3 m (B, a), the mixing effect in terms of relative productivity (RP) of diameter (b), height (c), RP of height (d), basal area (e) and RP of basal area (f). All data is for the end of 2012. The solid lines are 1:1 lines and the dashed lines are lines fitted to the data that pass through the origin. For each species-treatment combination n=26. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistical-information-that-describes-the-24l6wuzx.png Table 2. Statistical information that describes the relationships between the predicted and observed variables for mixtures (plain font) or monocultures (bold font) as shown in Figs 3-5. The monocultures were used to calibrate the model and the mixtures were used to validate the model. NPP = net primary productivity, WS = stem mass, WR= root mass. The statistical information includes the relative average error (e%), the relative mean absolute error (MAE%), the mean square error (MSE), the model efficiency (EF), the slope of the relationship forced through the origin, the P-value for the test of whether the slope of the relationship is significantly different from 1, and the R2 values. Foliage growth and root growth are not considered due to the low reliability of calculating those variables using allometric equations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-observed-and-predicted-total-biomass-1v0vombz.png Figure 3. Comparison of observed and predicted total biomass (TB, a), net primary productivity (NPP, b), stand stem mass (WS, c), stem mass growth (d), the mixing effects, in terms of relative productivity (RP, Equations 1 and 2) for total biomass (TB, e), net primary productivity (NPP, f), stand stem mass (WS, g) and stem mass growth (h). Growth is for the year 2012 and stocks are for the end of 2012. The solid lines are 1:1 lines and the dashed lines are lines fitted to the data that pass through the origin. For each species-treatment combination n=26. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-predicted-absorption-of-22e4hveg.png Figure 2. Comparison of predicted absorption of photosynthetically active radiation by Maestra (APARMaestra) and 3-PGmix (APAR3-PGmix) for the year 2014. The solid line is a 1:1 line and the dashed line is fitted to the data that passes through the origin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-processes-or-species-interactions-that-can-38mxvmt7.png Table 1. Major processes or species interactions that can influence the growth of mixtures compared with monocultures, modified from Forrester and Bauhus (2016), and whether they can be simulated using the 3-PGmix model. The “Manual” label in the middle column indicates that the process can be simulated by inputting a time series of values for the relevant parameter to reflect its temporal change, based on the user’s knowledge of that process, e.g., if rates of nitrogen fixation change, then the fertility parameters may need to change through time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-simulated-mixing-effect-in-terms-of-the-2rru3k0k.png Figure 6. The simulated mixing effect, in terms of the relative productivity (RP, Equations 1 & 2) calculated using NPP along gradients in terms of precipitation (a), temperature (b), potential available soil water (c), soil fertility (d), age (e) and thinning intensity (f). The levels of each gradient are described in the text. If RP is >1 then the NPP was greater in mixture than monoculture, whereas if RP is <1 the NPP was lower in the mixture than in monoculture. Except for (e), all patterns are only shown for the final year of the simulation (2013). Soil fertility (FR) for both species were linearly correlated so only F. sylvatica is shown on the xaxis in (d). ASW indicates the available soil water holding capacity for the simulated site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-locations-of-the-26-sites-with-plots-of-pinus-2udy7x5l.png Figure 1. The locations of the 26 sites with plots of Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica in relation to their current distributions according to EUFORGEN (http://www.euforgen.org/distribution-maps/). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-simulated-mixing-effect-in-terms-of-the-17in0vcz.png Figure 5. The simulated mixing effect, in terms of the relative productivity (RP, Equations 1 & 2) calculated using stem mass (WS) along gradients in terms of precipitation (a), temperature (b), soil water holding capacity (c), soil fertility (d), age (e) and thinning intensity (f). The levels of each gradient are described in the text. If RP is >1 then the WS was greater in mixture than monoculture, whereas if RP is <1 the WS was lower in the mixture than in monoculture. Except for (e), all patterns are only shown for the final year of the simulation (2013). Soil fertility (FR) for both species were linearly correlated so only F. sylvatica is shown on the x-axis in (d). ASW indicates the available soil water holding capacity for the simulated site. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-infarct-localization-from-myocardial-1qxfr9u4j2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ground-truth-infarct-location-red-against-the-1u6lzus5.png Fig. 5. Ground truth infarct location (red) against the thresholding of the deformation patterns (blue) for the cases shown in Fig.4. Animated version available as Supplementary Material1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-roc-analysis-of-the-tested-cases-comparing-our-method-aln2u7k4.png Fig. 6. ROC analysis of the tested cases comparing our method (a) to the thresholding of the deformation patterns (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-method-to-predict-infarct-location-from-local-f0o93bl0.png Fig. 1. Proposed method to predict infarct location from local myocardial deformation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-myocardial-deformation-for-each-aha-segment-in-117obi86.png Fig. 3. Average myocardial deformation for each AHA segment in a healthy case (a), and two infarcts in opposite AHA segments (b and c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-iterative-generation-of-an-infarcted-region-red-with-3hocjhd9.png Fig. 2. Iterative generation of an infarcted region (red) with random extent, shape, and location, initiated within the mid-anterolateral segment (black arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-examples-of-myocardial-deformation-pattern-ground-21x94rc2.png Fig. 4. Examples of myocardial deformation pattern, ground truth infarct location, and estimated infarct location. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-h-gamma-z-from-h-gamma-gamma-at-the-lhc-for-en4zkqsem8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gr-z-with-m-80h2-gev-in-a-and-b-gr-z-is-a-function-2vfgiptw.png Figure 4. gR Z with =+m 80h2 GeV. In (a) and (b) gR Z is a function of +m 25h3 GeV, but in (a) l5 is negative and in (b) it is positive. In (c) ggR is presented as a function of l-0.6 0.65 with different values of +mh3 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ggr-with-m-80h2-gev-in-a-and-b-ggr-is-a-function-of-3e8vgv09.png Figure 3. ggR with =+m 80h2 GeV. In (a) and (b) ggR is a function of +m 25 GeV,h3 but in (a) l5 is negative and in (b) it is positive. In (c) ggR is presented as a function of l-0.6 0.65 with different values of +mh3 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ratios-of-the-experimental-measured-values-compared-384by4hc.png Table 1. Ratios of the experimental measured values compared to the SM predictions reported by ATLAS and CMS. In this work we use the CMS data for the two photons process because it gives the more stringent deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictions-for-gr-z-from-o-gg-gg-r-r-1-14cms-0-23-0-2ldr7c26.png Table 2. Predictions for gR Z from º =gg gg - +R R 1.14CMS 0.23 0.26 [6] around the central value considering σ deviations, within l-0.6 0.65 , +m 80h3 GeV and with different fixed values from +m 80h2 GeV. The evolution of l5 and +mh3 can be seen explicitly in figure 5 for the cases =+m 80h2 , 160, and 320 GeV. The number absence means prediction out of the l5 interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-decays-gg-gh-z-2ojniv87.png Figure 1. Decays gg gh Z, . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-specific-values-of-o-gg-gg-r-r-1-14cms-0-23-0-26-6-3e4ws471.png Figure 5. Specific values of º =gg gg - +R R 1.14CMS 0.23 0.26 [6] around the central value considering some σ deviations, with the cases (a) =+m 80h2 GeV, (b) =+m 160h2 GeV, and (c) =+m 320h2 GeV, with +m 80h3 GeV and l-0.6 0.65 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-z-invisible-decay-width-as-a-function-of-the-2531k3bm.png Figure 2. Z invisible decay width, as a function of the charged scalar +h3 mass. Imposing the error of the current value for the invisible decay as the allowed limit for the decay width, we a obtain a lower limit for the charged mass of 25 GeV. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-multi-cracking-in-sub-micron-films-using-the-5gmia0b2n2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-residual-longitudinal-stress-in-the-siox-film-after-3poo8glk.png Figure 7. Residual longitudinal stress in the SiOx film after the elaboration process (red solid line and triangles) compared to the same calculation neglecting the correction due to the moment (blue dashed line and diamonds). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-density-of-cracks-function-of-the-applied-strain-1s0hi5on.png Figure 19. Density of cracks function of the applied strain: comparison between experiments by Hsueh and Yanaka (blue circles) and simulations (red solid line and circles) without delamination, for t = 0.32, 0.09, 0.043 µm (from top to bottom) and Gc = 6 Jm-2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-delamination-at-the-tip-of-a-crack-in-the-rrve-2shnhzd9.png Figure 20. Delamination at the tip of a crack in the RRVE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-delamination-length-at-the-tip-of-the-first-family-i8b2269z.png Figure 21. Delamination length at the tip of the first family of cracks function of the applied load (blue solid line and circles), applied strain at the onset of a new family of cracks function of the delamination length (red solid line and triangles), for t = 0.32 µm. The onset of the first subdivision occurs for an applied strain defined by the intersection of the two curves. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-intrinsic-strain-at-failure-in-the-film-for-cg-5-j-2rd391s3.png Figure 10. Intrinsic strain at failure in the film for cG = 5 J m-2. Comparison between the present prediction (red line and triangles) and the experiments (squares with error bars). Refer to Figure 9 for the other symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-the-longitudinal-residual-stress-calculated-using-2wvturcl.png Figure 15. The longitudinal residual stress calculated using the full RVE (red solid line and triangles), using the RRVE and the bending effect (blue solid line and diamonds) and using the RRVE but ignoring the bending effect (green solid line and circles). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-master-curve-showing-the-dimensionless-scaled-1cuht8k9.png Figure 25. Master curve showing the dimensionless scaled density of cracks vs. the scaled applied strain. The actual density of cracks is multiplied by t (in µm) and the actual applied https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-longitudinal-residual-stress-in-the-coating-3gph21el.png Figure 3. The longitudinal residual stress in the coating function of the coating thickness: experiments by Andersons et al. (open squares), simulation using the full correction (red dashed line and triangles), simulation neglecting the part of the correction due to the moment (blue solid line and diamonds). https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-the-response-under-impact-of-steel-armours-zvo2n0hw2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-error-versus-number-of-training-patterns-2m9uep5u.png Fig. 10 Error versus number of training patterns https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sae-1006-steel-properties-1jeyjh6q.png Table 1 SAE 1006 steel properties https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-perforation-yes-1q49tclr.png Table 2 Results of ‘‘Perforation=YES’’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-residual-velocity-in-the-perforation-cases-predicted-2g89bnty.png Fig. 8 Residual velocity in the perforation cases predicted by numerical simulation and neural network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-results-of-perforation-yes-for-case-7-velocity-350-850-177twmzs.png Fig. 7 Results of ‘‘Perforation=YES’’ for case 7. Velocity 350–850 m/s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-residual-mass-for-the-perforation-cases-predicted-by-1nr0rzhq.png Fig. 9 Residual mass for the perforation cases predicted by numerical simulation and neural network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contact-algorithm-master-and-slave-surfaces-2sjfyi0x.png Fig. 2 Contact algorithm: master and slave surfaces https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-projectile-before-left-and-after-right-the-impact-lv8oouy9.png Fig. 4 Projectile before (left) and after (right) the impact https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-control-of-thermal-storage-systems-designed-for-2nxcqiuq76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mra-ann-forecasting-methodology-20p0ec1f.png Fig. 2: MRA-ANN forecasting methodology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wavelet-based-multi-resolution-analysis-leading-to-the-3keyvitj.png Fig. 3: Wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis leading to the decomposition of level 𝑳 of a signal 𝒙 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-impact-of-an-increase-in-power-demand-on-the-wood-31t48njz.png Fig. 8: Impact of an increase in power demand on the wood coverage rate (𝑪𝒘𝒐𝒐𝒅) (see section 3), with (MPC strategy) or without (Reference Scenario) thermal energy storage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-impact-of-the-size-of-the-thermal-storage-tank-on-the-3v1qjnt5.png Fig. 6: Impact of the size of the thermal storage tank on the gas coverage rate (𝑪𝒈𝒂𝒔) and CO2 emissions (𝑳𝑪𝑶𝟐) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mpc-algorithm-2ar5rgfy.png Fig. 4: MPC algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-impact-of-the-size-of-the-thermal-storage-tank-on-the-cptogkz1.png Fig. 7: Impact of the size of the thermal storage tank on the energy cost (𝑬𝒄) and economic gain (𝑮) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-the-proposed-controller-is-the-power-2jrv0pyc.png Fig. 1: Structure of the proposed controller (𝑷𝒏𝒆𝒕 is the power demand, 𝑷𝑻𝑺 is the thermal charging/discharging power, 𝑬𝑻𝑺 is the amount of energy stored or released, 𝑷𝒈𝒂𝒔 is the gas power, and 𝑷𝒘𝒐𝒐𝒅 is the wood power) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-synoptic-of-the-multi-energy-district-boiler-34eu7iq8.png Fig. 5: Synoptic of the multi-energy district boiler https://scispace.com/papers/predictive-modeling-of-die-filling-of-the-pharmaceutical-1y7az7a11o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-general-fnt-optimization-procedure-2pqtmugn.png Figure 3: General FNT optimization procedure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-experimental-results-and-model-3qnibsaa.png Figure 10: Comparison of experimental results and model predictions for 3 MCC granules of different size ranges: a) 500-1000 µm, b) 1000-1400 µm, and c) 1400-2360 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-significance-of-individual-input-features-kkgj0krx.png Table 6: Significance of individual input features. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-optimal-subset-of-input-features-31vw6t99.png Table 7: Optimal subset of input features. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-settings-and-the-values-are-chosen-during-1thlxijq.png Table 2: Parameters settings and the values are chosen during FNT optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameters-settings-and-the-values-are-chosen-during-2l4fw1n7.png Table 3: Parameters settings and the values are chosen during MLP, GPR, and REP-Tree training. The settings mentioned are those used in the software tool [22] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-models-evaluation-on-unknown-test-samples-the-umv16dxu.png Figure 5: Models evaluation on unknown test samples: The regression plots (a), (c), and (e) indicates a high correlation between actual and predicted values. The plots (b), (d), and (f) shows the one-to-one mapping of target and prediction of the best models Nos. 1, 2, and 3 (see Table 4). The R2 is the squared value of correlation coefficient r, where R2 equal to one is the best performance and R2 equal to zero is the worst performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-few-data-samples-generated-for-modeling-3nphcw1w.png Table 1: Example of few data samples generated for modeling. https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-exception-word-and-nonword-reading-in-dyslexic-25mr5aayl3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-among-reading-and-phonological-3uekasl3.png Table 2 Correlations among reading and phonological awareness skills for dyslexics and reading-age controls ______________________________________________________________ https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-hierarchical-regressions-predicting-3p7qapdo.png Table 6 Results of hierarchical regressions predicting nonword and https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-contribution-of-print-exposure-to-variance-in-2q5lxf54.png Table 7 Contribution of Print Exposure to variance in exception word https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hierarchical-regressions-predicting-nonword-and-2bji0j7i.png Table 3 Hierarchical Regressions predicting nonword and exception word https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-outcome-in-neck-and-shoulder-symptoms-a-cohort-6tsb40evn9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predictors-of-change-in-pain-intensity-at-3-months-1x04a15u.png Table 3. Predictors of Change in Pain Intensity at 3 Months (R2 0.44) and 12 Months (R2 0.42) Among Patients with Neck or Shoulder Symptoms: Results of the Multiple Regression Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predictors-of-recovery-at-3-months-auc-0-80-and-12-2kke80q1.png Table 2. Predictors of Recovery at 3 Months (AUC 0.80) and 12 Months (AUC 0.75) Among Patients with Neck or Shoulder Symptoms: Results of the Multiple Regression Analyses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-recovery-of-patients-with-neck-or-b0x27ejw.png Figure 1. Percentage of recovery of patients with neck or shoulder symptoms at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. https://scispace.com/papers/prediction-of-the-stribeck-curve-under-full-film-4er0ymzo2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-artificial-fractal-surface-and-its-power-spectral-1bj614j9.png Fig. 5. The artificial fractal surface and its “power spectral density” (PSD). The 2D surface roughness topography z x y( , ) (a) can be represented as a 2D PSD C q q( , )D x y2 (b), and for this isotropic surface, the radial average C q( )iso is shown in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-relative-friction-coefficient-as-a-function-of-2-18618k5j.png Fig. 4. The relative friction coefficient as a function of 2.Dotted curve: equation (16). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-relative-friction-coefficient-as-a-function-of-h-a-2xj2agjc.png Fig. 3. The relative friction coefficient as a function of H A/c i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-relative-friction-coefficient-as-a-function-of-2aqrqpl0.png Fig. 2. The relative friction coefficient as a function of dimensionless time T for =M 1000, =L 10, = ×A H0.4i c and = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operating-condition-parameters-32dxdzac.png Table 1 Operating condition parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-for-the-relative-friction-coefficient-udux1vgb.png Fig. 1. Flow chart for the relative friction coefficient prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relative-friction-coefficients-as-a-function-of-the-3kecej6q.png Table 2 Relative friction coefficients as a function of the mesh points for two prediction schemes. https://scispace.com/papers/predictors-of-success-for-adults-with-type-1-diabetes-on-4nvftzljxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-univariate-analysis-of-continuous-predictors-2pn41jbe.png Table A.1: Univariate Analysis of Continuous Predictors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-patient-flow-chart-9vua6iau.png Figure 4.1: Patient Flow Chart https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-univariate-analysis-of-categorical-predictors-1l9w4016.png Table A.2: Univariate Analysis of Categorical Predictors https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-baseline-characteristics-1znh2tzx.png Table 4.1: Baseline Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-hba1c-pre-and-post-pump-initiation-2bf4lwii.png Figure 4.2: HbA1c Pre- and Post-Pump Initiation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-weight-pre-and-post-pump-initiation-3o323qyk.png Figure 4.4: Weight Pre- and Post-Pump Initiation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-insulin-units-pre-and-post-pump-initiation-2rj35dk2.png Figure 4.3: Insulin Units Pre- and Post-Pump Initiation https://scispace.com/papers/preliminary-psychometrics-of-responses-to-the-youth-rjlo669ukb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yeps-pilot-items-and-factor-loadings-22u941wp.png Table 1 YEPS Pilot Items and Factor Loadings https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bivariate-correlations-ah66zsvm.png Table 3 Bivariate Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-14080t67.png Table 2 Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/papers/prenatal-sonographic-detection-of-birth-defects-in-18-4dx9pkqx03 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gestational-age-weeks-at-sonographic-detection-of-234h4xwp.png Figure 2. Gestational age (weeks) at sonographic detection of spina bifida in public and nonpublic hospitals. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-characterization-of-plga-particles-for-n4ziz94d8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-micropore-technologies-ltd-dispersion-cell-and-pore-2kbtewci.png Figure 1 Micropore Technologies Ltd Dispersion Cell and pore array membrane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plga-droplet-size-dependence-on-stirrer-agitation-3l2km99z.png Figure 2 PLGA droplet size dependence on stirrer agitation speed https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-emulsion-compositions-1bux9mtm.png Table 1 Overview of emulsion compositions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plga-encapsulated-particle-size-dependence-on-outer-3dqcp862.png Figure 6 PLGA encapsulated particle size dependence on outer salt concentration, expressed as a ratio of the inner concentration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plga-particles-obtained-by-a-method-d-very-slow-and-3sbvjsyl.png Figure 5 PLGA particles obtained by (a) method D - very slow and (b) method C - slow solidification processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-solidification-methods-employed-for-the-plga-2uarg96c.png Table 2 Solidification methods employed for the PLGA particles https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-different-number-size-distribution-spans-obtained-31662xtj.png Table 3 Different number size distribution spans obtained for PLGA encapsulated particles at different PLGA concentration, size and outer phase salt concentrations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plga-particle-size-distribution-dependence-on-2hu91qns.png Figure 4 PLGA particle size distribution dependence on solidification method https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-characterization-of-pva-ga-laponite-4274yi9hkl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pervaporation-desalination-performance-of-pva-lap-g59lnlsk.png Figure 8: Pervaporation desalination performance of PVA-Lap MMMs at different laponite content at 40 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-water-contact-angle-and-b-water-uptake-of-pva-and-263vm2yz.png Figure 6 : (a) Water contact angle and (b) water uptake of PVA and PVA-Lap membranes. https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-and-crystal-structures-of-dicesium-berkelium-ge99tbolhd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-lattice-parameters-of-trigonal-cs2cec16-2ok4ffie.png Table I. Lattice Parameters of Trigonal CS2CeC16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-is-a-line-list-for-averaged-s-acings-from-each-of-2wu6p1vd.png Table IV is a line list for averaged ~ s~acings from each of the four https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-powder-pattern-impurities-in-cs2nabkc16-3v9gsd5m.png Table V. Powder Pattern Impurities in Cs2NaBkC16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2m5xt4va.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-interatomic-distances-2qex9ms3.png Table VI. Interatomic Distances https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-powder-pattern-impurities-in-cs2bkc16-4rjbdlfc.png Table III. Powder Pattern Impurities in CS2BkC16 https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-anti-her-2-antibody-plga-polymer-nano-4hrcigs8mg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sem-images-of-nanoparticles-16e2puvz.png Figure 1. SEM Images of nanoparticles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tem-images-of-nanoparticles-loaded-with-fluorophore-3c7clgyd.png Figure 3. TEM images of nanoparticles loaded with fluorophore https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cell-uptake-measured-by-fluorescent-microscopy-1mhodyez.png Figure 4. Cell uptake measured by fluorescent microscopy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-in-situ-imaging-of-plga-nanoparticles-28xa8bex.png Figure 5. In-situ imaging of PLGA nanoparticles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nanoparticle-size-analysis-by-dynamic-light-1lcvxm45.png Figure 2. Nanoparticle size analysis by dynamic light scattering https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-gold-nanoparticles-in-polystyrene-peo-block-36v6cd7ehc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gpc-data-for-the-block-copolymer-samples-vjv0gq5m.png Table 1. GPC data for the block copolymer samples https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-absorbance-spectra-for-gold-nanoparticles-in-pvp-at-1qk7rbpf.png Figure 6. Absorbance spectra for gold nanoparticles in PVP at different times after sonication; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gpc-chromatograms-of-a-ps61-b-peo113-block-2igssdki.png Figure 1. GPC chromatograms of (A) PS61-b-PEO113 block copolymer and (B) PEOmacroinitiator showing the chain extension https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-absorbance-spectra-for-gold-nanoparticles-in-2-at-2owy47a2.png Figure 4. Absorbance spectra for gold nanoparticles in (2) at different times after sonication; the inset shows the absorbance just after the formation of nanoparticles at two different loading ratios of gold:ethylene oxide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-absorbance-spectra-for-gold-nanoparticles-in-3-at-211dpaku.png Figure 5. Absorbance spectra for gold nanoparticles in (3) at different times after sonication; the inset shows the absorbance just after the formation of nanoparticles at two different loading ratios of gold:ethylene oxide. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absorbance-spectra-for-gold-nanoparticles-in-ps-b-1eezcge0.png Figure 2. Absorbance spectra for gold nanoparticles in PS-b-PEO during sonochemical borohydride reduction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tem-image-for-au-nanoparticles-peo-1kj4qoux.png Figure 8. TEM image for Au nanoparticles PEO. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tem-image-for-au-nanoparticles-in-a-copolymer-1-b-3l488cr2.png Figure 7. TEM image for Au nanoparticles in (a) copolymer (1); (b) copolymer 2; (c) copolymer (3). https://scispace.com/papers/preparation-of-reconstituted-acetylcholine-receptor-23uusd8nx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-afm-image-of-a-supported-bilayer-prepared-from-nachr-2m1fkqmk.png Fig. 3. (A) AFM image of a supported bilayer prepared from nAChR proteoliposomes with L/P ratio of 10:1 (conditions as for Fig. 2A). (B and C) Cross-sections for the dashed lines indicated in image A. (D and E) TIRF images of a similar bilayer. Image D is on the same x–y scale as the AFM image (A); the large bright features correspond to clusters of features observed by AFM (see for example the area at the bottom left in A). Image E corresponds to the boxed region in image D with the intensity scale adjusted to allow visualization of weakly fluorescent features (two of which are marked with arrows) that are not visible in the larger images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sucrose-gradients-showing-the-effect-of-3a64xiib.png Fig. 4. Sucrose gradients showing the effect of ultracentrifugation and freeze–thaw treatments on an initial proteoliposome sample after dialysis with an overall L/P ratio of 40:1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-afm-images-for-bilayers-prepared-from-a-proteoliposome-aar9f4ft.png Fig. 5. AFM images for bilayers prepared from a proteoliposome sample with L/P ratio of 160:1, with cross-sections for the lines marked shown on the right. Images A and B show the same region of a bilayer on two length scales with cross-sections indicating a range of heights (2.3, 3.2 and 3.8nm for a, b, c) for the raised features. Images C and D show smaller scale images for an area of the same bilayer; the cross-section for line d indicates a height and diameter of 3.9 and 13nm, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-histogram-showing-the-distribution-of-heights-for-xoy5n2pj.png Fig. 6. (A) Histogram showing the distribution of heights for raised features measured from multiple images for the bilayer shown in Fig. 6. (B) Atomic model of the nAChR (Protein Data Bank code 2BG9). The model defines the location of ∼80% of the residues, with undefined structures being located mainly in the cytoplasmic domain (lower portion of the structure in this orientation). The nAChR is ∼16nm long with a cross-sectional diameter of roughly 8nm. The bilayer position is indicated by the grey lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-afm-image-for-a-bilayer-prepared-from-cntbld6j.png Fig. 7. (A) AFM image for a bilayer prepared from proteoliposomes with L/P of 120:1. (B and C) Cross-sections for the lines marked b and c in image A indicate heights of 10 and 2.8nm. (D) A zoomed image shows two adjacent features (arrow). (E) The histogram indicates that there is a small but significant fraction of features with heights consistent with the larger extracellular domain of the protein protruding from the bilayer surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-afm-images-of-popc-bilayer-patches-a-and-a-continuous-286l3ikx.png Fig. 1. AFM images of POPC bilayer patches (A) and a continuous POPC bilayer (B). Bilayers were prepared by incubating POPC vesicles (7 and 10 g total lipid for A and B, respectively) in 10mM CaCl2 for 1h. Cross-sections for the dashed lines are shown below each image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-afm-image-of-bilayer-patches-prepared-from-nachr-2kezxfw7.png Fig. 2. (A) AFM image of bilayer patches prepared from nAChR proteoliposomes (L/P ratio of 100:1) by incubating 10 g total lipid in 10mM CaCl2 for 1h. The film was imaged in HEPES buffer. (B) Sucrose gradient separation of the same proteoliposome sample, showing populations of empty vesicles and proteoliposomes with a L/P ratio of ∼10:1. https://scispace.com/papers/preparative-methods-for-nanoanalysis-of-materials-with-2fs9nxz37k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-periodic-line-structure-in-sn3-8ag0-7cu-a-before-and-2h8rh94i.png Fig. 11. Periodic line structure in sn3.8ag0.7Cu a) before and b) after static creep test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-shaping-of-a-magnetic-cosm-particle-as-an-optimized-12wh1no4.png Fig. 14. shaping of a magnetic Cosm particle as an optimized magnetic force microscope tip a) before and b) after FiB shaping https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-selected-analytical-methods-and-corresponding-2kkesl94.png Fig. 3. selected analytical methods and corresponding preparative FiB processes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-scheme-of-ion-beam-optics-q9bi2kyc.png Fig. 2. simplified scheme of ion beam optics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-top-layer-of-a-chip-with-metal-lines-2-um-a-ion-3hm1c38t.png Fig. 6. Top layer of a chip with metal lines (2 µm) a) ion scanned and simultaneously imaged and b) 3D reconstruction of metallization down to a total depth of 1.5 µm with a layer depth of 3 nm each https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-fib-fabricated-gaas-pillar-a-before-and-b-after-rd008aqx.png Fig. 10. FiB-fabricated Gaas pillar a) before and b) after compressive test https://scispace.com/papers/preschoolers-perspective-taking-in-word-learning-do-they-31odx7a5sm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-event-shown-during-experiment-1-with-sample-novel-14atuuw4.png Fig. 1. The event shown during Experiment 1, with sample novel objects. On all trials, the experimenter fixed her gaze on the object in the window. On there trials, the experimenter said, ‘‘There’s the [spoodle/ nurmy/flurg/gorp]! There it is!’’ On where trials, she asked, ‘‘Where’s the [spoodle/nurmy/flurg/gorp]? Where is it?’’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-event-shown-during-experiment-2-with-sample-novel-3jphdwr6.png Fig. 2. The event shown during Experiment 2, with sample novel objects. On all trials, the experimenter asked, ‘‘Where’s the [fendle/nurmy/ toma]? Where is it?’’ https://scispace.com/papers/prerequisites-for-the-antitumor-vaccine-like-effect-of-1gmgn53708 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-precise-orchestration-of-antitumor-t-cell-responses-29v01ae5.png FIGURE 2. Precise orchestration of antitumor T-cell responses elicited following ICD: After (immunogenic) chemotherapy, tumor material is phagocytosed by DCs. These later are also activated by ICD signals emitted by dying tumor cells. Within 2 days, IL-17Yproducing FC T cells are recruited to the tumor bed in an IL-1AYdependent manner. Their arrival precedes and correlates with the IFN-FYproducing CD8+ T cells infiltration, which is critical for tumor eradication. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-immunogenic-signals-emitted-by-dying-cells-form-a-1odmo7zr.png FIGURE 1. Immunogenic signals emitted by dying cells form a spatiotemporal code unlocking DCs to mount a potent immune response toward tumor cells. (i) Early exposure of ecto-CRT by dying tumor cells, which facilitates engulfment by DCs. (ii) HMGB1 released from dying cells binds to TLR4 on https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-view-of-tailored-anticancer-regimens-to-3q5c2m6u.png FIGURE 3. Schematic view of tailored anticancer regimens: To achieve therapeutic success, (i) the anticancer regimen should be able to induce ICD, that is, to induce an ER stress before cell death and ATP release. Nonimmunogenic cytotoxic drug can be combined with ER stressors to restore immunogenicity. (ii) The tumor of the patient should have conserved the intrinsic capacities to emit all the immunogenic signals. If not, the defective signals could be identified and then compensate by recombinant CRT or rIL-1A or ATP superagonists. (iii) The loss-of-function mutation of key receptors involved in the perception of ICD signals might also be compensated by triggering alternative TLR pathway or supplementation with the appropriate cytokine. (iv) The combination of immunotherapy and immunogenic chemotherapy enhances the vaccine-like effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by overcoming the tumor-induced immunosuppression. Thus, tailored anticancer regimens should be designed by taking into account the genetic background of both the tumor and the host, with an aim to correctly unlock the immune system to obtain the complete eradication of the tumor and long-term tumor-free survival. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-effects-on-a-synuclein-amyloid-fibrils-an-4lywg6c8ow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-secondary-structure-assignment-for-asn-fibrils-at-1x5eg7fb.png Table 1 Secondary structure assignment for aSN fibrils at the lowest pressure applied. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-second-derivative-of-the-amide-i0-absorption-band-of-2obedrl7.png Fig. 4. Second derivative of the amide I0 absorption band of WT and mutant aSN amyloid fibrils at ambient pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-amide-i0-absorption-band-of-wt-top-a30p-middle-and-18i90x82.png Fig. 5. Amide I0 absorption band of WT (top), A30P (middle) and A53T (bottom) aSN amyloid fibrils during the compression cycle, as reported in the legend (uncertainty in pressure calibration is x 0.5 kbar). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dissociation-rate-constants-kdis-obtained-at-24t2dbsr.png Table 2 Dissociation rate constants kdis obtained at constant pressures ranging from 1.6 up to 4.2 kbar from linear fitting the FTIR data reported in Fig. 7 and the SAXS data reported in Fig. 8. Bold numbers refer to SAXS data analysis, while the others to FTIR data analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ratios-i-b-1-4-ib-iiso-where-ib-refers-to-1617-cm-1-j2f2z5o4.png Fig. 6. Ratios I b ¼ Ib=Iiso (where Ib refers to 1617 cm 1 and Iiso to 1630 cm 1), as a function of pressure. Empty and solid symbols refer to the first and the second compression cycles, respectively. The dashed line represents the value of Ib found for the native form of WT aSN. Symbols as in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-plot-of-logarithms-of-the-normalized-b-sheet-signals-rn5xe1vu.png Fig. 7. Plot of logarithms of the normalized b-sheet signals, calculated as described in FTIR Section, as a function of time at the fixed pressure reported in the legend. Circles refer to WT, squares to A30P and triangles to A53T aSN species. Empty symbols refer to the first pressure cycle, while full symbols correspond to the second cycle of compression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-saxs-curves-of-in-solution-wt-a30p-and-2kxf5nv3.png Fig. 1. Experimental SAXS curves of in-solution WT, A30P and A53T aSN starting conditions as monomers, as in the legend. All samples are at pressures p ¼ 0:1 kbar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-plot-of-logarithms-of-the-extrapolated-saxs-intensity-1j9sa0vz.png Fig. 8. Plot of logarithms of the extrapolated SAXS intensity at Q ¼ 0, normalized as described in the text, as a function of time at p ¼ 1:6 kbar. aSN species corresponding to symbols are reported in the legend. https://scispace.com/papers/pressure-equalisation-as-a-principle-for-designing-support-wr1pt18nh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-the-ogden-material-model-for-each-of-9ibv44ep.png Table 1. Parameters for the Ogden material model for each of the materials modelled. Ogden strain energy density function, U ¼ 2ma2 l a 1 þ l a 2 þ l a 3 3 � , where λ1,2,3 are the principal stretches, μ and a are material constants and U is the strain energy density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pressure-equalisation-and-its-effects-on-device-design-2bnl8gt2.png Fig 7. Pressure equalisation and its effects on device design. For surfaces designed to reduce peak pressure passively (a), applying a lateral pressure device helps to avoid lateral bulging (top, showing current devices, bottom showing improved design). Active devices based on individually controlled air cells (b) could be improved by surrounding the soft tissue and changing the control software to aim for equalised pressure, rather than reduce peak pressure. Encapsulation devices achieve large contact areas, but the lateral pressures exerted may be limited (c). These could be improved by active compression or smart materials. Pressure mapping systems (d) currently identify pressure peaks as undesirable. If they could measure pressure around the surface, then they could be repurposed to measure the level of pressure equalisation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-applying-lateral-pressure-is-more-effective-than-36fmd9hl.png Fig 4. Applying lateral pressure is more effective than changing cushion stiffness. While the contact area varies substantially with cushion stiffness, the pattern of internal stress remains similar (a)—stress is concentrated at the bony prominence. Shear strains in the fat and skin are lower when a softer cushion is used (b), but strains within the muscle remain high for all cushions. These strains are reduced when lateral pressure is introduced. All three cushions benefit from the introduction of lateral pressure, with a soft cushion and lateral pressure providing the lowest von Mises stresses (c) [Violin plots show mean and 95th percentile values, stress difference plot shows the peak difference relative to a stiff cushion only with 95% confidence intervals]. As lateral pressure is gradually increased, the von Mises stress decreases until an optimum pressure is reached (d); beyond this pressure, von Mises stresses begin to increase again. While the magnitude of the optimum lateral pressure is different for each cushion, the ratio of lateral to vertical pressure is between 0.63 and 0.79 for all cushions tested. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-deformations-beneath-a-bony-prominence-the-stress-in-1vx555sc.png Fig 1. Deformations beneath a bony prominence. The stress in soft tissue has two components, dilatational and deviatoric (a). Soft tissue is much more resistant to dilatational stress than deviatoric stress. Under a bony prominence, the soft tissue is distorted due to the concentrated pressures at the bone and the support (b). Redistributing the surface pressure has some effect on the outer (superficial) region, but not on the deep tissue. We hypothesise that by applying pressure laterally (termed pressure equalisation), bulging is reduced, and the tissue can bear the load in a more dilatational mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-surface-pressure-analysis-redistributing-under-body-36v5z20l.png Fig 6. Surface pressure analysis. Redistributing under-body pressure (PV) reduces peak von Mises stresses when no lateral pressure is applied (a), but peak stresses remain above 100 kPa. Counter-acting that pressure with a lateral pressure (PL) reduces peak stresses to a greater extent. When the magnitude and angle of lateral pressure is optimised, the deep tissue von Mises stresses approach that of suspension in a fluid (b; arrows illustrate pressure intensity). Path plots of von Mises stress show that lateral pressure can induce a similar stress profile at the bony prominence to that when suspended in a fluid (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-governing-the-spread-of-the-under-body-1jly3sio.png Table 2. Parameters governing the spread of the under-body pressure (α) and the magnitude of lateral pressure. Lateral pressure was defined relative to the peak under-body pressure (PL/PV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-3d-model-of-the-seated-pelvis-under-load-a-results-3gnzyy3z.png Fig 5. A 3D model of the seated pelvis under load. (a) Results for the stiff cushion shown with and without lateral pressure applied. Coronal and transverse sections are shown to indicate von Mises stresses both at the ischial tuberosities and the greater trochanter. (b) The volume of soft tissue exposed to high stresses (>32kPa) is shown in relation to the whole pelvis. The whole pelvis is made transparent to help visualise the location of high stresses (beneath the ischial tuberosity) (c) Change in peak von Mises stress throughout the soft tissue of the pelvis (surrounding both the ischium and the femur) as lateral pressure is increased. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analysis-of-load-bearing-when-seated-on-a-soft-cushion-2gzahubt.png Fig 3. Analysis of load-bearing when seated on a soft cushion. In the absence of lateral pressure, the model predicts high von Mises stresses under the ischial tuberosity (a). With the introduction of lateral pressure (44 kPa chamber pressure), the region of high stress shrinks dramatically. Histograms of stresses and strains in the muscle tissue within a radius of 30 mm from the ischial tuberosity (b) indicate that von Mises stresses and shear strains are reduced. Analysis of the stress along path ABC (c) show a drop in von Mises stress and shear strain at the bony prominence, and throughout the muscle tissue. Shear strain and von Mises stress are also reduced in the skin and fat layers. https://scispace.com/papers/presidents-shaping-public-opinion-in-parliamentary-22hy5era6n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-responses-as-to-whether-the-domain-2n7qrjyi.png Figure 2: Distribution of Responses as to Whether the Domain of the Issue Statement Is Within or Outside the President’s Prerogatives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-responses-to-foreign-policy-pxtdsu5h.png Figure 3: Distribution of Responses to Foreign Policy Question by AKP Partisans in the Control (left) and Incumbent Party AKP (right) Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analyses-of-average-treatment-effects-on-24bj0jv2.png Table 2: Regression Analyses of Average Treatment Effects on the Foreign Policy Issue Domain with and without Covariates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analyses-of-average-treatment-effects-on-2suzvv4t.png Table 3: Regression Analyses of Average Treatment Effects on the Domestic Policy Issue Domain with and without Covariates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-across-experimental-groups-1szn4ylp.png Table 1: Sample characteristics across experimental groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-analyses-of-average-treatment-effects-on-t7lved4m.png Table 4: Regression Analyses of Average Treatment Effects on Policy Issue Domains with and without Covariates – Nonpartisan Respondents Only https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-responses-to-outcome-questions-in-30m0lq9y.png Figure 1: Distribution of Responses to Outcome Questions in the Control Condition https://scispace.com/papers/pretend-play-deferred-imitation-and-parent-child-interaction-2siq2g3946 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chronological-age-language-age-and-mental-age-m-and-1fbmjkf3.png Table 1. Chronological age, language age and mental age (M and SD) for the children with autism and the typical children and for the non-speaking and speaking subgroups among the children with autism. Group comparisons with Mann-Whitney U test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-spearman-between-duration-of-pretend-q6car7j9.png Table 4. Correlations (Spearman) between duration of pretend play, frequency of parents’ comments, joint attention, deferred imitation, language age and mental age for children with autism and children with typical development. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-sd-on-deferred-imitation-pretend-play-and-xkfnh5e3.png Table 3. Means (SD) on deferred imitation, pretend play, and parents’ type of comments for children with autism and children with typical development. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-children-showing-pretend-play-in-the-2zefn2ak.png Table 2. Number of children showing pretend play in the autism group (total, non-speaking and speaking) and the typical group. https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-causes-and-risk-factors-for-functional-low-vision-4ntrzc5v8m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relationship-of-age-geopolitical-zone-sex-and-c14l64bu.png TABLE 4. Relationship of Age, Geopolitical Zone, Sex, and Marital Status with Functional Low Vision for Literate and Illiterate Persons* https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-prevalence-of-functional-low-vision-and-3421r931.png TABLE 5. Estimated Prevalence of Functional Low Vision and Total Blindness and Estimates of the Number Affected in Nigeria as a Whole and per Million Total Population https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-principal-cause-and-underlying-etiology-of-1uwa7fg6.png TABLE 2. Principal Cause and Underlying Etiology of Functional Low Vision by Place of Residence https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-dementia-in-elderly-age-population-of-barangay-36i9gfn4a8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-8nlzjpa2.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-nn4fwlxh.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-the-participants-mmse-scores-and-level-of-2ekacxl9.png Table 2 Summary of the Participants’ MMSE Scores and Level of Impairment https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-and-characteristics-of-migraine-in-cadasil-26wrbwoszi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-main-headache-subtypes-observed-in-the-cohort-3w3d1dmh.png Table 1. Main headache subtypes observed in the cohort. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-migraine-phenotype-in-seven-french-cadasil-families-2azyvn2w.png Figure 3. Migraine phenotype in seven French CADASIL families with more than four CADASIL patients in the cohort. (A) A vertical rod represents a patient and the height of the rod indicate his or her age at inclusion. Patients within a single family are grouped and families are numbered from f1 to f7. The orange bands represent age at MA onset and the blue-hatched areas indicate age at MO onset. (B) The red crosses indicate the mean frequency of MA attacks and the blue crosses indicate the mean frequency of MO attacks during the two years before inclusion. (C) This panel gives information about the MA symptoms. The yellow strips indicate patients having only typical auras whereas the green strips indicate patients reporting atypical auras. Symptoms are represented by a capital letter (V: Visual, S: sensory, A: aphasic, M: motor, C: confusion and/or decreased level of consciousness). Patients reporting acute-onset auras are specified with a red lightning symbol. CADASIL: cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; MA: migraine with aura; MO: migraine without aura. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-of-mo-and-ma-attacks-over-the-past-two-m5ber270.png Figure 1. Frequency of MO and MA attacks over the past two years in CADASIL patients according to age. MO: migraine without aura, MA: migraine with aura; CADASIL: cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; yo: years old. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-age-at-onset-of-ma-according-to-gender-the-peak-age-w1mrast7.png Figure 2. Age at onset of MA according to gender. The peak age at onset of MA attacks is between 16 and 30 years in women and between 31 and 40 years in men. MA: migraine with aura; yo: years old. Missing data for one female individual. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-observed-between-patients-with-ma-and-176wxsu2.png Table 2. Differences observed between patients with MA and patients without MA. https://scispace.com/papers/prevalence-of-consanguineous-marriages-in-south-sinai-egypt-3h9zkd51f2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-literacy-and-education-levels-of-the-south-sinai-lv75ludg.png Table 4. Literacy and education levels of the South Sinai population (N ¼ 3961) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-egypts-sinai-peninsula-the-arrows-point-to-the-qfu5vx4d.png Fig. 1. Map of Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. The arrows point to the studied areas. URL: http://www.allsinai.info/bilder/maps/sinai04-b.jpg (no copyright indicated). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-consanguinity-rates-in-bedouin-and-urban-settings-in-tqywnsa5.png Table 2. Consanguinity rates in Bedouin and urban settings in South Sinai https://scispace.com/papers/preventing-hiv-among-black-men-in-college-using-a-cbpr-1x5kqflerc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-riat-membership-2r3g2qdt.png Table 3.2 RIAT membership https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-strategies-for-cpbr-on-a-university-campus-with-ddcqcpvj.png Table 3.3 Strategies for CPBR on a university campus with African American/Black Men https://scispace.com/papers/pricing-of-research-what-will-the-market-bear-4sux7g83f2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bp8cntbl.png Figure 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-growth-in-expenditure-by-commonwealth-agencies-11xyp3n3.png Figure 2 .. Growth in expenditure by Commonwealth agencies orrering competitive research grants, 1979-80 to 1990-91 https://scispace.com/papers/primary-central-nervous-system-lymphoma-of-the-3ax91moaqd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rsrpp5ma.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-212ypkkr.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tbqxmxn5.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/priming-of-plane-rotated-objects-depends-on-attention-and-4tujez59jg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-response-times-rt-in-milliseconds-standard-14b6yepf.png TABLE 1 Mean response times (RT in milliseconds), standard errors and errors (frequency and percentage errors) for conditions in experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-response-times-rt-in-milliseconds-standard-2qmlbhmi.png TABLE 2 Mean response times (RT, in milliseconds), standard errors, and percentage errors for probe objects Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-response-times-rt-in-milliseconds-standard-wu6ykh1z.png TABLE 3 Mean response times (RT, in milliseconds), standard errors, and percentage errors forprobe objects Experiment 3 https://scispace.com/papers/prime-editing-for-functional-repair-in-patient-derived-jcacjkoxec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prime-editing-efficiently-creates-deletions-and-point-2yub8io5.png Fig. 1 Prime editing efficiently creates deletions and point mutations in organoids. a Schematic overview of the workflow and timeline to generate precise mutations in organoid cells using prime editing (PE3). b pegRNA design, Sanger validation in a clonal organoid with monoallelic edit, and editing efficiency of a 5-bp deletion in HEK3 in liver and intestinal organoids. c pegRNA design, Sanger validation of monoallelic edit, and editing efficiency for a C→G substitution in HEK3 in liver organoids. Nicking sgRNA at +90 used in b and c not shown. d pegRNA designs for the generation of in-frame deletions in the β-TrCP region of CTNNB1. Nicking sgRNA at +86 (S1) or +93 (S2) not shown. e Brightfield images of liver organoid cells transfected with plasmids from d after Rspo1 withdrawal for 2 weeks. White scale bars are 500 µm. f Sanger validation of precise 6-bp deletions in all picked clones from CTNNB1 pegRNA S1E1 that continue growing in -Rspo1 conditions. g Quantification of organoid outgrowth in e. p < 0.0001 in a one-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak correction. h Comparison of editing efficiencies and generation of unwanted byproducts in different cell types by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Only transfected cells (GFP+ sorted) were used for HTS. Data are represented as mean values ±S.D. of three independent experiments g or biological replicates h. FA fatty acids, PBS primer binding site, RTT reverse transcriptase template, NC negative control. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-prime-editing-induces-no-genome-wide-off-target-3epjl7t4.png Fig. 3 Prime editing induces no genome-wide off-target effects. a Schematic overview of the protocol used to identify mutations induced by prime editing (PE3). WGS was performed for one unedited negative control and two prime-edited clonal lines for both DGAT1 (intestinal organoids) and CTNNB1 (liver organoids). b Total number of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions and deletions (indels) in control (NC) and prime-edited (PE3) clonal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-prime-editing-functionally-corrects-disease-causing-3u80ttnp.png Fig. 2 Prime editing functionally corrects disease-causing indel mutations in intestinal and liver organoids. a Schematic overview of the DGAT1 disease mechanism. b Sanger validation of biallelic DGAT1S210del mutations in patient-derived intestinal organoids, pegRNA design (nicking sgRNA at position +46 not shown), and Sanger validation of successful biallelic correction by PE3. c Brightfield images of healthy control- and DGAT1S210del patient-derived https://scispace.com/papers/printed-copper-connections-on-flexible-substrates-25ex4vvxmx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-composition-of-the-printed-film-of-fig-10-2d0wfhw8.png TABLE II. COMPOSITION OF THE PRINTED FILM OF FIG.10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-xps-spectra-of-ipl-treated-copper-mod-printed-36y1zu26.png Figure 16. XPS spectra of IPL treated copper MOD printed pattern.. a) Cu 2p 3/2 and Cu 2p ½, b) Cu 2p 3/2 with decomposition, c) O1s with decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-cp-afm-images-of-copper-mod-ink-with-ipl-treatment-3jub668h.png Figure 14. CP AFM images of copper MOD ink with IPL treatment (d), location 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-height-profil-a-and-electrical-profile-b-extracted-zqc9my2r.png Figure 11. Height profil a) and electrical profile b) extracted from Fig.10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-cp-afm-images-of-copper-mod-ink-with-ipl-treatment-x2apnvz2.png Figure 12. CP AFM images of copper MOD ink with IPL treatment (d) location 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cp-afm-images-of-copper-mod-ink-with-ipl-treatment-3p20b9lg.png Figure 10. CP AFM images of copper MOD ink with IPL treatment (a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-height-profil-a-and-electrical-profil-b-extracted-36eqcf4n.png Figure 13. Height profil a) and electrical profil b) extracted from Fig.12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-optical-images-a-sample-with-ipl-a-and-b-sample-3m10kj8e.png Figure 9. Optical images A) sample with IPL (a) and B) sample with IPL (d). The arrow on the left images is 10mm; the right images are higher magnifications. https://scispace.com/papers/printing-and-characterizing-plasmonic-nanoparticles-10b9iz19c3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-inkjet-printed-pedot-pss-and-au-nanoparticles-3d-jch17d1n.png Figure 4. Inkjet printed PEDOT:PSS and Au nanoparticles, 3D optical profilometer measurements: a) 3D view (1 mm x 1 mm), b) top view and example of a line profile. Nanoparticles stay on top of PEDOT:PSS, their apparent height is in agreement with their diameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-afm-topography-images-of-au-nps-commercial-peg-j33k40dt.png Figure 3. AFM topography images of Au NPs (commercial, PEG stabilized, centrifugated) upon printing on printed PEDOT:PSS (scan size: a) 5μm x 5 μm, b) 2 μm x 2 μm, c) 1 μm x 1 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-afm-topography-images-a-b-and-their-phase-contrast-ckx2ptdv.png Figure 2. AFM topography images (a,b) and their phase contrast images (c,d) upon inkjet printing of the composite PEDOT:PSS-AuNP ink (scan size: a) and c) 2 μm x 2 μm, b),d) 1 μm x 1 μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absorption-spectra-uv-vis-nir-of-gold-nanoparticle-33x9zktk.png Figure 1. Absorption spectra (UV-vis-NIR) of gold nanoparticle dispersions (synthesized and commercial ones): citrate stabilized Au nanoparticles (dashed lines) and PEG stabilized Au nanoparticles (solid lines). https://scispace.com/papers/principles-and-practice-of-south-african-lexicography-14ekze84b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-collocates-of-bolela-generated-by-wordsmith-tools-31pv4iey.png Figure 2: Collocates of bolela generated by WordSmith Tools https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-frequency-word-list-refl-ecting-overall-counts-for-e9z2l0oe.png Table 3: A frequency word list refl ecting overall counts for the 100 most frequently used words in Sesotho sa Leboa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evaluating-knowledge-of-typical-dictionary-1pw8ztzg.png Table 4: Evaluating knowledge of typical dictionary conventions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-treatment-of-reka-in-nsdn-1xg87d7z.png Figure 2: Collocates of bolela generated by WordSmith Tools https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pages-utilised-for-ba-di-ma-and-me-in-two-editions-4bdv9plo.png Table 6: Pages utilised for ba-, di-, ma- and me- in two editions of Pukuntšu. https://scispace.com/papers/priority-effects-alter-interaction-outcomes-in-a-legume-5fzke949af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-linear-model-for-nodulation-and-generalized-linear-3j4ppf95.png Table 1. Linear model for nodulation and generalized linear mixed model for plant performance . The reference group is the control-control treatment. F and p values are from the type III ANOVAs. The GLMM used a Gamma error distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-manova-and-linear-model-results-for-effective-and-t5zknwcc.png Table 2. MANOVA and linear model results for effective and ineffective nodule numbers. The reference group is the control-control treatment. F and p values are from the type III ANOVAs. Linear model results are shown in the ‘Effective’ and ‘Ineffective’ nodule columns. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-aboveground-biomass-1se-of-plants-inoculated-5ng906r3.png Figure 3. Mean aboveground biomass ±1SE of plants inoculated with mutualistic Ensifer meliloti strain 1022 (“1022”), ineffective strain Ensifer sp. T173 (“T173”), or a sham inoculation with no bacteria (“Control”) at the first (x-axis) and second (symbols in legend) time points. The dotted line compares the T173-1022 and 1022-T173 treatments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-proportion-of-nitrogen-fixing-i-e-pink-nodules-2i19hln2.png Figure 2. Mean proportion of nitrogen-fixing (i.e., pink) nodules ±1SE formed by plants inoculated with mutualistic Ensifer meliloti strain 1022 (“1022”), ineffective strain Ensifer sp. T173 (“T173”), or a sham inoculation with no bacteria (“Control”) at the first (x-axis) and second (symbols in legend) time points. The proportion was calculated by dividing the number of effective nodules by the total number of nodules for each plant. Only plants inoculated with T173 made any ineffective (i.e., white) nodules. The dotted line compares the T173-1022 and 1022-T173 treatments using a planned comparison of the number of effective nodules (p=0.017); the number of ineffective nodules between treatments was also significantly different between these two treatments (p=0.008). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-number-of-nodules-1se-formed-by-plants-72nzmm9x.png Figure 1. Mean number of nodules ±1SE formed by plants inoculated with mutualistic Ensifer meliloti strain 1022 (“1022”), ineffective strain Ensifer sp. T173 (“T173”), or a sham inoculation with no bacteria (“Control”) at the first (x-axis) and second (symbols in legend) time points. The dotted line compares the T173-1022 and 1022-T173 treatments. https://scispace.com/papers/priority-based-dynamic-rate-control-for-voip-traffic-4v0b3anytf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-quality-level-for-different-link-capacities-and-1ulqlbbx.png Table II QUALITY LEVEL FOR DIFFERENT LINK CAPACITIES AND FLOW CLASSES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-quality-level-for-various-link-capacities-for-class-cwlqk4q2.png Figure 5. Quality Level for Various Link Capacities for class 1 flows. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-round-trip-time-rtt-for-different-link-capacities-1fhrctrq.png Table IV ROUND TRIP TIME (RTT) FOR DIFFERENT LINK CAPACITIES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-link-utilisation-at-gateway-1-55h9jq31.png Figure 6. Link Utilisation at Gateway 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-achieved-rate-and-overhead-for-various-link-2erdhhcn.png Table III ACHIEVED RATE AND OVERHEAD FOR VARIOUS LINK CAPACITIES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-round-trip-time-26olr2rl.png Figure 7. Average Round Trip Time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-pesq-mos-quality-as-a-function-of-the-payload-bit-3r58ru87.png Figure 11. PESQ MOS quality as a function of the payload bit-rate (Multiple priority case). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-link-utilisation-at-gateway-1-scenario-2-whuapa73.png Figure 8. Link Utilisation at Gateway 1 (Scenario 2). https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-beyond-confidentiality-data-science-beyond-spying-53rah6u3jx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-10-can-and-should-holistic-trajectories-measure-and-17b5tvtg.png Fig. 1.10 Can and should holistic trajectories measure and visualize the enormous costs caused by such decisions, as well as the incentives and influences this may have on further behaviour by vessel operators? What about similar odysseys that have since taken place in a politically more and more charged climate, such as those involving a coastguard and a sea-rescue NGO ship respectively [20, 38]? What about, reversely, the trajectories of ships that could not and were not ‘doing anything anymore’ under these circumstances, with trajectories (enforced by the political context) so dis-incentivizing that it contributed to Germany’s withdrawal from Sophia, the EU naval mission targeting human trafficking in the Mediterranean [10]? Could and (how) should a visualisation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-alexander-maersks-june-2018-trajectory-in-red-1uo75ypm.png Fig. 1. The Alexander Maersk’s June 2018 trajectory (in red). https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-engineering-in-dynamic-settings-3kdig1nfxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-a-comparison-of-satisfaction-analysis-outcome-for-2hov0ifp.png TABLE I: A comparison of satisfaction analysis outcome for pr1 using different disclosure protocols https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-privacy-analysis-framework-1go5vc6n.png Fig. 1: Privacy analysis framework https://scispace.com/papers/privacy-safe-network-trace-sharing-via-secure-queries-3j6tahx3hz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-privacy-policy-for-our-requirement-set-36z382fo.png Figure 6: Privacy policy for our requirement set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-privacy-risk-without-binning-o55pbf56.png Figure 5: Privacy risk without binning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-binning-324hfwi2.png Figure 4: Illustration of binning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trace-usage-in-sigcomm-and-imc-papers-3sj2wfof.png Table 1: Trace usage in SIGCOMM and IMC papers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trol-grammar-1oj0qczx.png Figure 1: Trol grammar. https://scispace.com/papers/private-api-access-and-functional-mocking-in-automated-unit-s4vki0p3eb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-average-number-of-pa-and-fm-uses-in-agitar-test-bbcf44jd.png TABLE V AVERAGE NUMBER OF PA AND FM USES IN AGITAR TEST SUITES [30]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ratio-of-successful-code-evolution-steps-for-base-pafm-28xo8hl1.png Fig. 4. Ratio of successful code evolution steps for Base, PAFM, and the developer-written test suites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-average-number-of-pa-and-fm-uses-in-evosuite-test-2gdr2zqb.png TABLE IV AVERAGE NUMBER OF PA AND FM USES IN EVOSUITE TEST SUITES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-source-code-example-that-cannot-be-tested-without-the-1zf7w6uf.png Fig. 1. Source code example that cannot be tested without the use of mock objects and reflection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tests-generated-by-evosuite-on-the-target-class-in-1u0b4pmy.png Fig. 2. Tests generated by EvoSuite on the target class in Figure 1: Mock objects are created for the AnInterface interface, and reflection is used to access the private method checkIfOK. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-branch-coverage-comparison-of-base-with-best-3q9azf2h.png TABLE I BRANCH COVERAGE COMPARISON OF Base WITH BEST CONFIGURATION FOR PA, FM AND PAFM ON 110 CLASSES. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-branch-coverage-comparison-of-base-configuration-with-22wvnxmt.png Fig. 3. Branch coverage comparison of Base configuration with PAFM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-number-of-failure-triggering-test-suites-for-the-j1tmoovm.png TABLE II NUMBER OF FAILURE-TRIGGERING TEST SUITES FOR THE BUGS IN DEFECTS4J FOR Base AND PAFM. Triggering total GIVES THE TOTAL NUMBER OF BUGS FOR WHICH AT LEAST ONE FAILURE-TRIGGERING TEST SUITE WAS GENERATED ACROSS ALL 30 RUNS. Triggering average GIVES THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF BUGS FOR WHICH A FAILURE-TRIGGERING TEST SUITE WAS GENERATED IN A SINGLE RUN. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-lexicographic-entailment-under-variable-2k3kg7j6ua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tight-intervals-under-logical-and-g-coherent-18nlluh5.png Table 1. Tight intervals under logical and g-coherent entailment from in Example 2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tight-intervals-under-entailment-from-in-example-2-1-17q5v7c2.png Table 2. Tight intervals under -entailment from in Example 2.1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tight-intervals-under-entailment-from-in-example-2-2-328a6wm7.png Table 3. Tight intervals under -entailment from in Example 2.2. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-perception-revision-in-agentspeak-l-4d8gvbbail 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-neighbors-in-the-grid-sensor-the-function-n-i-3dzr83gb.png Table 1. Neighbors in the grid sensor. The function N(i) defines the set of neighbors of sensor i. From this topology follow independence statements of the form X ′i ⊥ X\N(i) | XN(i) where \N(i) is a short-hand to 1 : 8\N(i). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-jason-deliberation-process-outlined-with-the-brf-3eh6ogtc.png Fig. 1. The JASON deliberation process outlined, with the BRF highlighted. Percepts are processed to generate events and update the beliefs base. Available options are instantiated plans triggered by one event (selected by SE ) and compatible with the current beliefs. One option (defined by SO ) is then appended to the intentions, where SI chooses an action. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inclusion-of-percept-correction-function-pcf-before-ja9r3o6p.png Fig. 2. Inclusion of percept-correction function (PCF) before the original, symbolic, BRF (denoted by sBRF) to correct noisy perceptions. The Sensors Belief is a distribution of sensor values and independent of the (symbolic) beliefs used in the BDI deliberation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensor-noise-horizontal-axis-vs-agent-performance-2blq0d95.png Fig. 3. Sensor noise (horizontal axis) vs. agent performance measured by gathered golds (vertical axis). Performance of the “dummy”, “smart” and “corrected” teams under various levels of sensor noise are plotted. Each data point summarizes the number of gathered golds by team in a given noise value and consists of the mean (black line) and standard variation (band of dotted lines) of ten samples. The results of the “corrected” team are clearly above the others. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-inference-of-the-genetic-architecture-of-1idil3ffjz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-genetic-variance-genome-wide-and-jl3y2479.png Table 2. Proportion of genetic variance genome-wide and predominantly explained by common SNPs located 10-500kb upstream of genes and coding regions for height (HT), body mass index (BMI), type-2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CAD). ∗RHEmc [21], sLDSC [11] and SumHer [6] provide the total SNP heritability observed (%) and single heritability estimates per genetic component (see Supplementary Tables 8,9,10) that we summarised to obtain the proportion of genetic variance attributed to exonic regions, intronic regions and windows 1kb, 1-10kb and 10-500kb upstream of genes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-generative-genetic-models-used-in-the-simulation-2qa48tw4.png Table 1. The generative genetic models used in the simulation study. Imputed SNP marker data from chromosomes 19, 20, 21 and 22 of 40,000 randomly selected UK Biobank participants were selected, giving 596,741 markers in total. Marker effects were simulated according to the 20 generative models in two ways: (i) a single distribution of marker effects, and (ii) 13 distributions of marker effects for 13 different genomic annotation groups with different proportions of SNP heritability (h2SNP ) explained for exonic variants (h2SNP = 0.1), intronic variants (h2SNP = 0.2), 1kb promotor variants (h2SNP = 0.05), 1-10kb enhancer variants (0.025), 1-10kb transcription factor binding sites (h2SNP = 0.025), 1-10kb other variants (h2SNP = 0), 10-500kb enhancers (h2SNP = 0.05), 10-500kb transcription factor binding sites (h2SNP = 0.05), 10-500kb other variants (h2SNP = 0), 500kb-1Mb enhancers (h2SNP = 0.05), 500kb-1Mb transcription factor binding sites (h2SNP = 0.05), 500kb-1Mb other variants (h2SNP = 0),and other non-annotated SNPs (h2SNP = 0). 10 simulation replicates were created for both (i) and (ii) giving a total set of 400 simulated phenotypes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulation-study-of-the-variance-component-3gkxsgwq.png Figure 1. Simulation study of the variance component estimation performance of BayesRRRC. (a) Violin-plot of the genome-wide SNP-heritability estimates as a percentage difference from the simulated value for 40 replicates, for each of 20 different generative genetic models described in Table 1. For each generative genetic model we compare seven different statistical models: a mixture of regression model with a single global variance component known as "bayesR" implemented in our hydra software (bayesR hydra), the mixture of regression model with multiple group-specific variance components described in this work implemented in our hydra software (bayesRR-RC hydra), Haseman-Elston regression with annotation-specific relationship matrices implemented in the RHEmc software (HE anot RHEmc), a single component REML model implemented in the software GCTA (REML GCTA), a multiple group-specific variance component REML model implemented in the software bolt (REML anot bolt), and two annotation summary statistic models implemented in the software LDSC and sumHer. (b) The estimated genetic variance for each of 13 genetic annotation groups plotted against the simulated genetic variance for the five statistical approaches which enable annotation-specific estimation. Root mean square error values are shown alongside lines representing the 1:1 relationship with the simulated value. (c) Bar-plots of the correlation of the estimated and simulated average effect size of each annotation. Error bars give the SD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contribution-of-genes-and-50kb-regions-to-height-ht-1y409ou5.png Figure 4. Contribution of genes and 50kb regions to height (HT), body-mass-index (BMI), cardiovascular disease (CAD) and type-2-diabetes (T2D). (a) We grouped SNPs in 50kb-regions genome-wide and estimated the sum of the squared regression coefficient estimates for each 50kb-region. We then select the number of 50kb regions that explain at least 0.001 % of the variance attributed to all SNP markers in 80%, 90% and 95% of the iterations. This gives a measure called the posterior probability that the window variance (PPWV) [22] exceeds 1/10,000 of the phenotypic variation attributed to SNP markers. (b) We mapped SNPs to the closest gene +/- 50kb from the SNP position and labelled them as located in a coding region, an intron, 1kb upstream of a gene using our functional annotations (Figure 3a). Remaining snps are labelled as located in a cis-region (up to +/- 50kb from a gene). We then select the number of regions where PPWV is higher than 95% and explains at least 0.001 % of the phenotypic variance attributed to all SNP markers. We then calculate the number of significant coding regions, introns, 1kb regions and cis regions as a proportion of the total number of genes for each chromosome. Genic associations that explain at least 0.001% of the phenotypic variance attributed to all SNP markers are again spread across chromosomes according to the chromosome length. (c) Shows the mean of the phenotypic variance attributed to intron and cis regions (y-axis) and coding regions (x-axis) that explain at least 0.001 % of the phenotypic variance attributable to SNP markers in ≥ 95% of the iterations (PPWV>0.95). These results provide joint estimates of the proportions of variance contributed by different gene bodies and automatic fine-mapping of gene bodies and their cis-regulatory regions. For example, introns and cis-regulatory regions of FTO respectively contribute 0.48% (95% CI 0.29, 1.12) and 0.01% (95% CI 0, 0.01) to the phenotypic variance of BMI. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-findings-for-height-ht-body-mass-index-1anmgyvt.png Table 3. Summary of findings for height (HT), body mass index (BMI), type-2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CAD). ∗SNPs located up to +/- 50kb from the closest gene.12 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-and-b-coefficient-values-used-for-building-up-the-81frc76e.png Table 4. a and b coefficient values used for building up the two look-up tables needed for the vectorization of the dot product computation when processing binary data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-genetic-architecture-of-enrichment-for-height-ht-7wqzia0e.png Figure 3. Genetic architecture of enrichment for height (HT), body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes (T2D) for 382,466 unrelated European ancestry UK Biobank individuals genotyped at 8,430,446 SNP markers.(a) We partition SNP markers into 7 location annotations (coding regions, intronic regions, and windows 1kb, 1-10kb, 10-500kb and 500kb-1Mb upstream of genes, with other SNPs grouped in a category labelled "others"). Windows 1-10kb, 10-500kb and 500kb-1Mb upstream of genes are further split into SNPs mapped to enhancers (enh), transcription factor binding sites (tfbs) and others. Within each of the 13 annotations, we have three minor allele frequency groups (MAF≤0.01, 0.01<MAF≤0.05, and MAF>0.05), and then each MAF group is further split into 2 based on median LD score. This gives 78 groups for which our BayesRR-RC model jointly estimates the phenotypic variation attributable to, and the SNP marker effects within, each group. For each of the 78 groups, SNPs were modelled using five mixture groups with variance equal to the phenotypic variance attributable to the group multiplied by constants (mixture 0 = 0, mixture 1 = 0.0001, 2 = 0.001, 3 = 0.01, 4 = 0.1). (b) Posterior distribution of the proportion of the total phenotypic variance attributable to the SNP markers that is contributed by each of the four non-zero mixtures within each MAF-annotation group for HT, BMI, CAD and T2D. Within these, are boxplots of the posterior mean and 95% credible intervals. Values are summed over LD groups. (c) Bar plots with error bars giving the 95% credible intervals for the average effect size of markers in the model for each MAF-annotation group, split by mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-study-of-the-effect-size-estimation-and-14bz76bw.png Figure 2. Simulation study of the effect size estimation and prediction performance of BayesRR-RC. (a) For 20 different generative genetic models we compare model performance of Bayesian models (bayesR and bayesRR-RC) and frequentist mixed-linear association models (MLMA) where the genetic marker tested for association is removed from the relationship matrix (implemented in software bolt and regenie), or fitted both as fixed and random (MLMi implemented in the software GCTA). For bayesR and bayesRR-RC we summed the squared regression coefficient estimates of all SNPs in LD with each causal variant (markers in LD R2 ≥ 0.1), took the posterior mean, and calculated the z-score from the simulated value. For the MLMA approaches, we calculated the z-score of the causal marker estimate from the simulated value. Violin plots for groups of minor allele frequency of the causal variant are shown, with values giving the variance. (b) Area-under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). For Bayesian methods we use our PPWV metric (see Methods), with true positives defined as LD blocks that contain a causal variant and false positives defined as LD blocks that did not contain a causal variant. For MLMA methods we LD-clumped the results (LD R2 ≥ 0.01) using the p-value of the chi-squared statistics. Markers in R2 ≥ 0.01 with simulated causal variants were defined as true positives and those not in LD R2 ≥ 0.01 as false positives. (c) False discovery rate (FDR), with the line giving the 5% threshold. For the MLMA methods, FDR was calculated as the proportion of LD independent SNPs with p-value ≤ 5x10−8 that were not in LD R2 ≥ 0.01 with causal variants. For the Bayesian methods, we defined FDR as the proportion of LD blocks with posterior probability of window variance (PPWV), of ≥ 95% at 0.001% variance threshold that did not contain a causal variant. (d) Average prediction accuracy in an independent sample, defined as the squared correlation of the predicted and simulated genetic value, with error bars giving the SD. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-prediction-of-wildfire-economic-losses-to-4oeyuicr7n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-expected-housing-economic-loss-eur-for-days-and-2m2ftf3n.png Fig. 8. Expected housing economic loss [€] for days and locations where fires occurred in the period (a) 20. 714 June 2007-16. July 2007 and (b) June 2008 on Cyprus study area. 715 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-aggregated-expected-housing-economic-loss-hdc-eur-3h9vvq8p.png Table 2. Aggregated expected housing economic loss (HDC) [€] compared to registered losses 683 (NatCatSERVICE) for two past fire periods in 2007 and 2008 on Cyprus 684 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-expected-housing-economic-loss-eur-conditional-on-a-2f7kg2s7.png Fig. 9. Expected housing economic loss [€] conditional on (a) Burnt area = 0.003 km², Fire type = 1 and 718 FWI=3 and (b) Burnt area = 0.4 km², fire type = 1-3 and FWI=60 on Cyprus study area. 719 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-boxplot-of-burnt-area-km2-versus-fire-type-in-wui-d1hfoy4y.png Fig. 4. Boxplot of Burnt area [km²] versus Fire type in WUI areas of Greece (1993-2003). 698 Fire types: 1= surface fire (flame length<3.5m), 2= surface fire (flame length>3.5m), 3= crown fire 699 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-bayesian-network-bn-for-consequences-to-houses-caused-dlt5emeq.png Fig. 3: Bayesian Network (BN) for consequences to houses caused by wildfires. Influencing variables are 694 classified in hazard, exposure, vulnerability and economic loss variables. The BN estimates Housing 695 economic loss in 1 km². 696 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expected-housing-economic-loss-for-average-cell-24bfej00.png Fig. 5. Expected housing economic loss for average cell, estimated for burnt area <0.01 [km²] and fire type 701 1 (screenshot from HUGIN). 702 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-housing-economic-loss-eur-conditional-on-burnt-area-1nfc39yr.png Fig. 6. Housing economic loss [€] conditional on burnt area [km²] estimated by the proposed Bayesian 704 network. 705 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-exposure-indicators-for-cyprus-study-area-a-urban-mxvyzl2g.png Fig. 2. Exposure indicators for Cyprus study area: (a) urban/rural land, (b) distance to next fire station 691 [km], (c) land cover types, (d) house density [Nr. Houses/km²]. 692 https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-reachability-and-control-synthesis-for-2212g1ibyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulations-of-example-7-projected-on-the-first-2x5ujpez.png Figure 7: Simulations of Example 7 projected on the first dimension, with the controller induced by PROCp7x0q for patterns of length 1. The red line is the target state xobj “ p0.5, 0q, the black lines are the controlled trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulations-of-example-6-with-the-controller-1pfwcer6.png Figure 5: Simulations of Example 6 with the controller induced by PROCp7x0q, for patterns of length 1 (top), length 3 (center), and length 5 (bottom). The blue circle is the set R “ Bpp0, 0q, 7q, the red marker is the target state (the origin), the black lines are the controlled trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-simulations-of-example-4-from-the-initial-balls-2p7swsq3.png Figure 3: Simulations of Example 4 from the initial balls Bpp5, 4q, 0.1q and Bpp´5,´4q, 0.1q using patterns p2 ¨ 2 ¨ 2 ¨ 2q and p1 ¨ 1 ¨ 1 ¨ 1 ¨ 1q resp., with τ “ 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulations-of-example-3-with-control-input-u-0-5-29jvvgw3.png Figure 2: Simulations of Example 3 with control input u “ 0.5, initial ball Bpp0, 0q, 0.01q, τ “ 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simulations-of-example-6-from-the-initial-balls-2z0a7rxb.png Figure 6: Simulations of Example 6 from the initial balls Bpp5, 4q, 0.1q and Bpp´5,´4q, 0.1q using patterns p1 ¨ 2 ¨ 2 ¨ 2q and p2 ¨ 2 ¨ 2 ¨ 1 ¨ 1q resp., with τ “ 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulations-of-example-5-without-control-p-p0-0q-wjiq3mvx.png Figure 4: Simulations of Example 5 without control (π “ p0 ¨ 0q) and with control pattern p´6 ¨ 0q from the initial ball Bp1, 0.2q. The initial region is in green. The red regions are BpErX̃πt,zs, δπt,δ0 q. with z “ 1, δ0 “ 0.2 for the two patterns π “ p0 ¨ 0q (top) and π “ p´6 ¨ 0q (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulations-of-example-2-with-mode-u-1-and-initial-1avyiype.png Figure 1: Simulations of Example 2 with mode u “ 1 and initial ball Bpp´4, 3.8q, 0.5q, and mode u “ 2 and initial ball Bpp0, 3q, 0.5q; τ “ 1. https://scispace.com/papers/probabilistic-two-phase-aircraft-wake-vortex-model-further-wnuq491sm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-symbols-and-predicted-lines-evolution-of-1nbu7uoz.png Fig. 4 Measured (symbols) and predicted (lines) evolution of trailing vortices from AWIATOR-FT1 flight 2-04 and vertical profiles of environmental data (crosswind provided by lidar). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-for-normalized-differences-between-2b1vs7oe.png Table 1 Statistics for normalized differences between deterministic model predictions and selected observations from WakeToul and AWIATOR-FT1 campaigns (49 cases) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-for-normalized-differences-between-d2p-3h9lp0m8.png Table 2 Statistics for normalized differences between D2P predictions and 64 observations from WakeToul and AWIATOR-FT1 campaigns for different crosswind measurement devices https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-probability-density-distributions-of-measured-lateral-15axchkr.png Fig. 9 Probability density distributions of measured lateral position, vertical position, and circulation of wake vortices normalized with respect to the uncertainty bounds predicted by P2P. Values of zero and one denote lower and upper bounds, respectively. Fits of respective unbounded Johnson distributions denoted by gray lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-measured-symbols-and-predicted-lines-evolution-of-39w21hf7.png Fig. 1 Measured (symbols) and predicted (lines) evolution of normalized vertical and lateral positions and circulation of trailing vortices from WakeTOUL flight 4-17: - - - -, deterministic behavior; ——, respective probabilistic envelope of P2P. Predictions of APA plotted in gray dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-onset-time-of-rapid-decay-as-a-function-of-mean-2zquhgl5.png Fig. 2 Onset time of rapid decay as a function of mean normalized eddy dissipation rate and Brunt-Väisälä frequency: , WakeToul overflight conditions (32 cases); , conditions during AWIATOR-FT1 (32 cases). Dark-gray symbols distinguish data used for the establishment of scoring results in Table 1 and PDDs in Fig. 9 from the remainder, plotted in light-gray symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-three-dimensional-joint-probability-density-3kwqe0ya.png Fig. 11 Three-dimensional joint probability density distribution of measured lateral position, vertical position, and circulation of wake vortices normalized with respect to the uncertainty bounds predicted by P2P. Values of zero and one denote lower and upper bounds, respectively. Isolines represent JPDD values in the three displayed planes; centric isosurface surrounds location of absolute maximum of JPDD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-prediction-of-envelopes-with-six-different-confidence-2vgkqewl.png Fig. 10 Prediction of envelopes with six different confidence levels and respective stochastic prediction (S2P) of vertical and lateral position as well as circulation of wake vortices. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-a-stationary-non-gaussian-background-of-stochastic-36i53452mq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-representation-of-a-configuration-where-we-3ggwgrh3.png Figure 5: Representation of a configuration where we correlate two signals measured at the same pulsar ↵ with a signal for the distinct pulsar . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-representation-of-a-possible-measurement-where-we-37c5thx7.png Figure 11: Representation of a possible measurement where we correlate signals measured with PTA with signals detected with ground-based experiments (labelled as ‘LIGO’). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-3-point-overlap-functions-for-correlations-between-3ltwdgi5.png Figure 12: 3-point overlap functions for correlations between two signals from the same pulsar and a signal measured at a ground-based detector. We vary the angle ⇣ between the unit vectors from the earth and a direction of one of the ground based detector arms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pulsars-analyzed-by-ipta-23-1sdyp2xa.png Table 2: Pulsars analyzed by IPTA [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-structure-of-the-3-point-function-in-eq-15-1dnpixtu.png Figure 2: The structure of the 3-point function in eq (15) requires that the three GWs entering in the correlator originate from a common direction n̂ in the sky. In the graphical representation above, we show with the red spot the common region of emission of three GWs (which can be of cosmological origin); with the blue blob the region containing GW detectors (which can be of astrophysical size, as in the case of PTA experiments). The lines with arrows (that we intend as superimposed) indicate the GW common direction n̂. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-2-point-overlap-function-for-the-sum-of-the-2lwr2u8e.png Figure 4: The 2-point overlap function for the sum of the spin-2 polarizations R ab (⇣) = P R( ) ab (the so-called Hellings-Down curve [25]). The x-axis contain the angle ⇣ defined in eq (25). The y-axis the corresponding value of the overlap function, see eq (23). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-three-point-overlap-functions-correlating-scalar-2zkkiglw.png Figure 10: Three-point overlap functions correlating scalar and tensor modes for signals from three di↵erent pulsars lying on orthogonal planes. We vary the angle ⇣, between the unit vectors from the earth towards the pulsars. We correlate tensor (T) polarization with scalar (S) polarization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-three-point-overlap-functions-correlating-two-1vnp7ydx.png Figure 9: Three-point overlap functions correlating two signals from the same pulsar ↵ with a signal from second pulsar . We vary the angle ⇣ between the unit vectors from the earth towards pulsar a and b. We correlate tensor T polarization with scalar S polarization. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-deformation-mechanisms-of-a-fecocrni-high-entropy-8cusq83lp8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-evolution-of-normalized-peak-intensity-along-the-w3w58ohi.png Fig. 6. The evolution of normalized peak intensity along the axial and radial directions in grain families having {111}, {200}, {220}, {311} and {222} crystallographic planes during tensile loading at (a) 77 K, and (b) 293 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-in-situ-neutron-diffraction-setup-b-1lxmpohz.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the in situ neutron diffraction setup; (b) True stress-strain curves of uniaxial tensile tests at 77 K and 293 K and (c) the corresponding work hardening rate versus true stress. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-yield-strength-ys-ultimate-tensile-1v9rxkf5.png Table 1. Comparison of yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and total 536 elongation obtained at 77K and 293K from the present study to selected prior studies. 537 538 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diffraction-patterns-collected-at-the-axial-detector-9y8qej9h.png Fig. 2. Diffraction patterns collected at the axial detector as a function of stress at (a) 293 K; and (b) 77 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-evolution-of-dislocation-density-versus-a-true-13kyodke.png Fig. 5. The evolution of dislocation density versus (a) true strain, and (b) normalised work hardening σ− σy)/MG versus bρ1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-tem-bright-field-micrographs-of-samples-with-a-20-1-1kpm4fpu.png Fig. 8. TEM bright field micrographs of samples with (a) 20.1% and (b) 34.6% strain at 293k, which show nano-twins. (c) Higher magnification BF images with an inserted SAD pattern obtained from the matrix and (f) the composite SAD pattern obtained from the blue circled region in Fig. 8c which has contribution from both the matrix and the nano-twin. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-evolution-of-elastic-lattice-strains-along-the-20tq2xuz.png Fig. 3. The evolution of elastic lattice strains along the axial and radial directions in grain families having {111}, {200}, {220}, {311} and {222} crystallographic planes during tensile loading at (a) 77 K and (b) 293 K; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tem-bright-field-micrographs-of-samples-with-a-27-8-1h5txdir.png Fig. 7. TEM bright field micrographs of samples with (a) 27.8 % and (b) 39.2% strain at 77 K, which show nano-twins. (c) Higher magnification BF images with an inserted SAD pattern obtained from the matrix and (f) the composite SAD pattern obtained from the blue circled region in Fig. 7c which has contribution from both the matrix and the nano-twin. https://scispace.com/papers/probing-supercritical-accretion-in-ultraluminous-x-ray-ao7q0swm3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observational-data-3uxxkbxf.png Table 1. Observational data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hardness-ratio-top-panel-and-light-curve-bottom-ctultjti.png Figure 3. hardness ratio (top panel) and light curve (bottom panel). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-well-fitted-data-percentage-5gryw81p.png Table 2. Well-fitted data percentage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-flux-innermost-radius-plot-black-for-2014-data-and-3n7h5bpf.png Figure 5. Flux-innermost radius plot, black for 2014 data and red for 2015 data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-radius-black-hole-mass-plot-black-for-2014-data-and-1wojcivm.png Figure 6. Radius-black hole mass plot, black for 2014 data and red for 2015 data. Star symbol for maximally rotating black hole. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-luminosity-plot-black-for-2014-data-and-1l5juhl4.png Figure 4. Temperature-luminosity plot, black for 2014 data and red for 2015 data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-swift-xrt-0-3-10-kev-image-of-m82-x-1-the-green-37u2fqwq.png Figure 1. Swift/XRT 0.3-10 keV image of M82 X-1. The green circle shows the source extraction region and the magenta circle for background region, both have a radius of 49”. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hardness-ratio-top-panel-and-light-curve-bottom-2y18u8ch.png Figure 2. hardness ratio (top panel) and light curve (bottom panel). https://scispace.com/papers/probing-msugra-with-a-search-for-chargino-neutralino-4r0pi0k2e0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-dominant-decay-channels-of-the-neutralino-kh02-xv2qlqqt.png Figure 4.3: Dominant decay channels of the neutralino χ̃02 and the chargino χ̃ ± 1 into leptons. It is l = e, µ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-definition-of-exclusive7-trilepton-and-dilepton-lbceszek.png Table 4.6: Definition of exclusive7 trilepton and dilepton analysis channels. Dilepton analysis channels are only considered as control regions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-number-of-expected-and-observed-events-in-the-30zmobw5.png Table A.2: Number of expected and observed events in the analysis channels for the dilepton control regions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-19-branching-ratio-into-three-leptons-split-into-c0r6vin0.png Figure 5.19: Branching ratio into three leptons split into final states with 0, 1, 2 or 3 τ leptons as a function of A0 at benchmark point BP1 with µ > 0 (left) and at benchmark point BP3 with µ < 0 (right). The benchmark points BP1 and BP3 are at A0 = 0 GeV for µ > 0 and µ < 0 respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-18-branching-ratios-for-the-decay-of-chargino-and-2akaa8ji.png Figure 5.18: Branching ratios for the decay of chargino and neutralino as a function of A0 at benchmark point BP3 with µ < 0. Benchmark point BP3 is at A0 = 0 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-17-branching-ratios-for-the-decay-of-chargino-and-x0du0k46.png Figure 5.17: Branching ratios for the decay of chargino and neutralino as a function of A0 at benchmark point BP1 with µ > 0. Benchmark point BP1 is at A0 = 0 GeV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-mass-of-the-relevant-supersymmetric-particles-as-3ic920qh.png Figure 5.1: Mass of the relevant supersymmetric particles as a function of m0 at benchmark point BP1 with µ > 0 (left) and at benchmark point BP3 with µ < 0 (right). Benchmark point BP1 is at m0 = 60 GeV/c2 for µ > 0, benchmark point BP2 is at m0 = 140 GeV/c2 for µ > 0 and benchmark point BP3 is at m0 = 110 GeV/c2 for µ < 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-29-interpolation-of-the-observed-upper-limit-and-nhidrbdn.png Figure 5.29: Interpolation of the observed upper limit and the theory cross section and branching ratio into three leptons to obtain an exclusion region in mSUGRA https://scispace.com/papers/probiotic-bacterial-strains-differentially-modulate-2mivp1omg9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-secreted-protein-and-heat-killed-probiotic-strains-15naz0ph.png Figure 2. Secreted protein and heat-killed probiotic strains selectively modulate macrophage subset IL-6 production. THP-1-derived CD14hi and CD14lo macrophage subsets were stimulated with 100 ng/ml Escherichia coli K12 lipopolysaccharides in the presence or absence of 3×108 cfu/ml heat-killed (HK) probiotic bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium breve (BB), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Lactobacillus fermentum (LF), Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)), depicted by clear bars, or 3 μg/ml secreted protein extracted from each of these probiotic strains (depicted by hatched bars). M1 and M2 macrophages were generated by differentiating CD14hi and CD14lo THP-1-NFκB reporter monocytes with either 25 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 3 days or 10 nM 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 for 7 days, respectively. The production of the inflammatory mediator IL-6 is expressed as the mean±SD in pg/ml for (A) CD14loM1, (B) CD14hi M1, (C) CD14lo M2 and (D) CD14hi M2 macrophage-like subsets. Data displayed is a representative experiment with triplicate samples of n=4 replicate experiments. Significant effects compared to stimulus control for the indicated macrophage subset are indicated as * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-secreted-protein-and-heat-killed-probiotic-strains-3vtjuatb.png Figure 1. Secreted protein and heat-killed probiotic strains selectively modulate macrophage subset TNFα production. THP-1-derived CD14hi and CD14lo macrophage subsets were stimulated with 100 ng/ml Escherichia coli K12 lipopolysaccharides in the presence or absence of 3×108 cfu/ml heat-killed (HK) probiotic bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium breve (BB), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Lactobacillus fermentum (LF), Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)), depicted by clear bars, or 3 μg/ml secreted protein extracted from each of these probiotic strains (depicted by hatched bars). M1 and M2 macrophages were generated by differentiating CD14hi and CD14lo THP-1- NFκB reporter monocytes with either 25 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 3 days or 10 nM 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 for 7 days, respectively. TNFα pro-inflammatory cytokine production is expressed as the mean±SD in pg/ml for (A) CD14loM1, (B) CD14hi M1, (C) CD14lo M2, and (D) CD14hi M2 macrophage-like subsets. Data displayed is a representative experiment with triplicate samples of n=4 replicate experiments. Significant effects compared to stimulus control for the indicated macrophage subset are indicated as * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-secreted-protein-and-heat-killed-probiotic-strains-2owfbssi.png Figure 3. Secreted protein and heat-killed probiotic strains selectively modulate macrophage subset NFκB activity. THP-1-derived CD14hi and CD14lo macrophage subsets were stimulated with 100 ng/ml Escherichia coli K12 lipopolysaccharides in the presence or absence of 3×108 cfu/ml heat-killed (HK) probiotic bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium breve (BB), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Lactobacillus fermentum (LF), Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)), depicted by clear bars or 3 μg/ml secreted protein extracted from each of these probiotic strains (depicted by hatched bars). M1 and M2 macrophages were generated by differentiating CD14hi and CD14lo THP-1-NFκB reporter monocytes with either 25 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 3 days or 10 nM 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 for 7 days, respectively. NFκB reporter gene activity is expressed as the mean±SD in arbitrary absorbance units (A620nm) for (A) CD14loM1, (B) CD14hi M1, (C) CD14lo M2 and (D) CD14hi M2 macrophage-like subsets. Data displayed is a representative experiment with triplicate samples of n=4 replicate experiments. Significant effects compared to stimulus control for the indicated macrophage subset are indicated as * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.005. https://scispace.com/papers/problemes-actuels-en-mecanique-dans-le-domaine-ferroviaire-7kmm5cwphm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comportement-non-lineaire-dun-essieu-le-cycle-limite-3t7ni3im.png Fig. 3. Comportement non linéaire d’un essieu : le cycle limite théorique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coefficient-de-frottement-en-fonction-du-glissement-23qbn5ns.png Fig. 2. Coefficient de frottement en fonction du glissement, d’après [Piotrowski, Wheel rail contact models. . . , VSD 43 (2005) 455–483]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-essais-triaxiaux-sur-du-ballast-echelle-1-nginorvege-2g3c468y.png Fig. 4. Essais triaxiaux sur du ballast échelle 1 (NGINorvège). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-banc-dessai-a-lechelle-1-de-structures-de-voie-1doe8hey.png Fig. 5. Banc d’essai à l’échelle 1 de structures de voie ballastée (Cedex-Madrid). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-visualisation-des-profils-en-coupe-de-la-roue-et-du-1phj4z36.png Fig. 1. Visualisation des profils en coupe de la roue et du rail et de l’empreinte du contact roue-rail dans le cas d’un déplacement latéral de la roue amenant la zone de contact sur les flancs de la roue et du rail (zone verte) : la zone de contact est très différente de l’ellipse de Hertz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-exemple-de-resultat-obtenu-par-lutilisation-couplee-2pzxtcoh.png Fig. 6. Exemple de résultat obtenu par l’utilisation couplée d’un pénétromètre dynamique et d’un géo-endoscope dans l’épaisseur d’une couche de ballast. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-visualisation-a-partir-dune-simulation-par-elements-3swztto9.png Fig. 7. Visualisation, à partir d’une simulation par éléments discrets 3D des grains de ballast participant de manière majoritaire à la transmission des forces entre la traverse (en rouge en haut) et les couches de la plateforme. https://scispace.com/papers/process-alternatives-for-htgr-fuel-reprocessing-wastes-an-hamu0l7n55 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-l-is-ts-t-h-e-suggested-a-r-e-a-s-t-o-be-inves-t-iga-1y1lmv58.png Table 9 l is ts t h e suggested a r e a s t o be inves t iga ted . These w i l l provide the primary b a s i s f o r an evaluat ion of t echn ica l and economic https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-i-d-e-n-t-i-f-i-c-a-t-i-o-n-of-r6d-needs-and-a-v-a-i-c6zx96m6.png Table 4. I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of R6D needs and a v a i l a b l e informat ion f o r process ing of spen t s in tered-meta l f i l t e r s and cold t r a p s https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-i-h-t-i-f-i-c-a-t-i-o-of-rkd-meds-an3-avai-lable-yj4d814e.png Table 14. I h t i f i c a t i o ~ of RkD meds an3 avai lable information f o r spent ref1ec:or blocks Resear* a& development nezdsa I n ~ o ~ t l o n from re la ted RLD programs b https://scispace.com/figures/table-22-variat-ion-i-n-es-t-imated-c-h-a-r-a-c-t-e-r-i-s-t-26prqoh8.png Table 22. Variat ion i n es t imated c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of thorium n i t r a t e so lu t ion with cooling https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1dentifich-ion-of-r-ij-neede-s-rd-avai-lable-3822sc7z.png Table 9 l is ts t h e suggested a r e a s t o be inves t iga ted . These w i l l provide the primary b a s i s f o r an evaluat ion of t echn ica l and economic https://scispace.com/figures/table-23-process-alternatives-for-non-high-level-liquid-3p9n2gn8.png Table 23. Process Alternatives for Non-High-Level Liquid Wastes . https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-var-la-t-lon-i-n-est-imated-charsc-er-i-s-t-ics-of-1psewxqd.png Table 19 . Var la t lon i n est imated charsc ;er i s t ics of high-level l i q u i d wastes with cooling time a ,b ,c https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-process-a-l-t-e-r-n-a-t-i-v-e-s-f-o-r-miscellaneous-vyenmt7z.png Table 17. Process a l t e r n a t i v e s f o r miscellaneous s o l i d rad ioac t ive wastes https://scispace.com/papers/proceedings-of-the-29th-annual-ieee-applied-power-enbgxkr04v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mec-models-top-ee30-core-with-4mm-air-gaps-bottom-ee30-3jms57fc.png Fig. 2. MEC models. Top: EE30 core with 4mm air-gaps. Bottom: EE30 core with no gaps and with magnets in saturation-gap configuration. Core model is a 2D matrix with 1mm resolution, of characteristic N87 ferrite non-linear reluctance. Magnet model is a linear mmf source with series reluctance Rm and parallel fringing reluctance Rfring. Rgap and Rair are standard lineal reluctances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-equivalent-series-resistance-vs-current-measurement-3j9v2yss.png Fig. 5. Equivalent Series Resistance vs Current measurement results. Top: Standard EE30 core with 0.4 mm air-gaps. Middle: Saturation-gap with EE30 core and 2 pairs of magnets in each leg. Bottom: Saturation-gap with EE30 core and 3 pairs of magnets in each leg. Measured with Wayne Kerr 3260B Magnetic Analyzer and 3265B bias unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flayback-transformer-test-40-turns-primary-winding-80-9ys6xl5d.png Fig. 6. Flayback transformer test. 40 turns primary winding, 80 turns secondary winding. EE30 Core in three different configurations: 0.4 mm airgaps in each leg; Saturation-gap with EE30 core and 2 pairs of magnets in each leg; and Saturation-gap with EE30 core and 3 pairs of magnets in each leg. Data measured empirically. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-permanent-magnet-inductor-configurations-a-magnet-aawprigj.png Fig. 1. Permanent magnet inductor configurations: a) Magnet inside airgap, b) Magnets in the vicinity of air-gaps, c) Saturation-gap, d) Optimized saturation-gap. Red and green vectors represent coil and magnets flux respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-inductance-vs-current-measurement-results-top-standard-3scnkx3u.png Fig. 4. Inductance vs Current measurement results. Top: Standard EE30 core with 0.4 mm air-gaps. Middle: Saturation-gap with EE30 core and 2 pairs of magnets in each leg. Bottom: Saturation-gap with EE30 core and 3 pairs of magnets in each leg. Measured with Wayne Kerr 3260B Magnetic Analyzer and 3265B bias unit. https://scispace.com/papers/process-patterns-to-generate-e-commerce-systems-20kzjav6t2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-economic-resource-requesting-diagram-errd-fxydtljf.png Fig. 5. Economic Resource Requesting Diagram (ERRD) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-questions-and-answers-for-reservation-and-booking-2hey4jrx.png Fig. 11. Questions and Answers for Reservation and Booking https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-questions-and-answers-for-the-example-in-phase-2-2nwfcmlv.png Fig. 10. Questions and answers for the example in phase 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-action-workflow-loop-with-four-phases-7tnhua28.png Fig. 1. Action Workflow Loop with four phases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-economic-resource-offering-diagram-erod-3p4fr3n3.png Fig. 6. Economic Resource Offering Diagram (EROD) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-bml-process-segment-downpayfromcustomer-and-1lgp92wa.png Fig. 14. BML process segment (DownPayFromCustomer and WineToCateringCompany processes) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-extended-umm-economic-model-over-rea-2t22wy5h.png Fig. 2. An extended UMM economic model over REA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-example-of-answers-to-question-in-section-4-3-2fhm1l7z.png Fig. 12. Example of answers to question in section 4.3 https://scispace.com/papers/process-location-and-product-distribution-with-uncertain-2coq5bydhz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-three-data-sets-considered-small-medium-and-large-1och721p.png Table 1. Three data sets considered: small, medium, and large. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-suboptimality-gap-with-respect-to-the-sycplp-r-lower-2oohhaew.png Table 2. Suboptimality gap with respect to the SYCPLP-R lower bound for the three heuristics: PRAC, ADD, and LP-based. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-for-the-yield-distribution-left-and-the-20gsikze.png Figure 2. Examples for the yield distribution (left) and the nonlinear production cost function (right). The axes of the latter have been scaled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-the-process-location-and-product-14zsv6fe.png Figure 1. Description of the process location and product distribution problem with uncertain yields. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparing-the-prac-and-lp-based-solutions-for-the-1xxwlm8z.png Table 3. Comparing the PRAC and LP-based solutions for the large instance with PR = 500 and CR = 400. https://scispace.com/papers/processes-and-models-for-serious-game-design-and-development-2zschzkogj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-integration-of-design-based-research-with-game-11ps7s96.png Fig. 4. The integration of design-based research with game development phases in the Simulation-game Instructional Systems Design Model [70]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-similarities-between-game-features-and-factors-28zp8sky.png Table 2. Similarities between game features and factors promoting motivation and learning [85]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-visualization-of-the-cyclic-addie-process-3bgu2mar.png Fig. 2. A visualization of the cyclic ADDIE process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-context-of-design-and-the-context-of-use-in-z4ainjrk.png Fig. 1. The context of design and the context of use in serious games. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-three-cycle-view-of-design-science-research-39-3426h06s.png Fig. 3. A three-cycle view of design science research [39]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-serious-game-design-pattern-canvas-alpha-proposal-111-3eilkdio.png Fig. 5. Serious Game Design Pattern Canvas (alpha proposal) [111], inspired by the Business Model Canvas [116]. https://scispace.com/papers/processing-linguistic-negation-with-and-without-truth-value-3n2ax5h8q0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-boxplots-for-mean-accuracy-rates-upper-plots-and-ka3wwczl.png Figure 1. Boxplots for mean accuracy rates (upper plots) and reaction times (bottom plots) for each condition in 314 categorical sentences (left) and congruency sentences (right). 315 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-theta-itpc-effects-at-the-onset-of-the-critical-263bersb.png Figure 7. Theta ITPC effects at the onset of the critical word for the congruency sentences. Panel A: Averaged ITPC 402 scalograms across Cz and Pz electrodes. Panel B: Box- and swarm-plots for individual subjects’ theta ITPC (300-403 500 ms) amplitudes from Cz and Pz electrodes (as in Panel A). Panel C: Scalp t-maps show IA>CA (left) and IN>CN 404 (right) analyses in the theta band (3-7Hz) between 300-500ms (as outlined in Panel A). Significant electrodes 405 (p<0.025, FWE-corrected with cluster-based permutation test) are marked with asterisks, marginal significance 406 (two-tailed p<0.05, FWE-corrected) is marked with crosses. 407 408 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-theta-power-effects-at-the-onset-of-the-critical-84355188.png Figure 4. Theta power effects at the onset of the critical word for the truth value sentences. Panel A: averaged 357 time-frequency power scalograms across Cz and Pz electrodes. Panel B: Scalp t-maps show interaction ((FA>TA) > 358 (FN>TN)) analyses. Significant electrodes (p<0.025, FWE-corrected with cluster-based permutation test) are 359 marked with asterisks, weak significances (two-tailed p<0.05, FWE-corrected) are marked with crosses. Panel C: 360 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-theta-power-effects-at-the-onset-of-the-critical-3k53e1lq.png Figure 5. Theta power effects at the onset of the critical word for the congruency sentences. Panel A: Averaged 374 time-frequency power scalograms across C4 and P4 electrodes. Panel B: Box- and swarm-plots for individual 375 subjects’ theta power (400-900ms) amplitudes from C4 and P4 electrodes (as in Panel A). Panel C: Scalp t-maps 376 show IA>CA analyses in the theta band (3-7Hz) between 400 and 900 ms (as outlined in Panel A). Significant 377 electrodes (p<0.025, FWE-corrected with cluster-based permutation test) are marked with asterisks, marginal 378 significance (two-tailed p<0.05, FWE-corrected) is marked with crosses. 379 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-erps-at-the-onset-of-the-critical-word-for-the-1ed7c1e4.png Figure 3. ERPs at the onset of the critical word for the congruency sentences. Panel A: ERPs for incongruent vs. 340 congruent affirmative sentences (IA>CA) at three midline electrodes FZ, Cz, and Pz. Panel B: ERPs averaged from 341 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-example-for-the-truth-value-and-congruency-german-198xfk0v.png Table I. Example for the truth-value and congruency German sentences and their English translations. The target 186 words are underlined. 187 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-theta-itpc-effects-at-the-onset-of-the-critical-2l97blnt.png Figure 6. Theta ITPC effects at the onset of the critical word for the truth value sentences. Panel A: Averaged ITPC 388 scalograms across Cz and Pz electrodes. Panel B: Scalp t-maps show the interaction ((FA>TA)>(FN<TN) analyses. 389 Significant electrodes (p<0.025, FWE-corrected with cluster-based permutation test) are marked with asterisks. 390 Panel C: Box- and swarm-plots for individual subjects’ theta ITPC (200-400ms) amplitudes from Cz and Pz 391 electrodes (as in Panel A). Panel D: Scalp t-maps show FA>TA (left) and TN>FN (right) analyses in the theta band 392 (3-7Hz) between 200-400ms ms (as outlined in Panel A). 393 394 Congruency sentences. No ITPC effects in the beta and gamma bands were observed. In the theta band 395 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-erps-at-the-onset-of-the-critical-word-for-the-3sxgcpgr.png Figure 2. ERPs at the onset of the critical word for the truth value sentences. Panel A: ERPs for false vs. true 326 affirmative sentences (FA>TA) at three midline electrodes FZ, Cz, and Pz. Panel B: ERPs averaged from nine central-327 https://scispace.com/papers/product-development-in-collaborative-networks-an-expert-view-9r9sqqsvzw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-branches-of-experts-b-positions-held-by-the-experts-2h9oxzdm.png Fig. 3. a) Branches of experts, b) Positions held by the experts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-tools-used-in-information-logistics-b-tools-used-in-1gnxaqk7.png Fig. 7. a) Tools used in information logistics, b) Tools used in knowledge integration c) Worst cases in knowledge integration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tools-used-for-communication-in-industrial-practice-2u0ju07e.png Fig. 4. Tools used for communication in industrial practice https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-dimensions-of-collaboration-regarded-in-this-33kapqp0.png Fig. 1. Four dimensions of collaboration regarded in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tools-used-for-coordination-in-industrial-practice-3ryijobv.png Fig. 5. Tools used for coordination in industrial practice https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-structure-and-core-questions-of-the-study-hrkn1use.png Fig. 2. General structure and core questions of the study https://scispace.com/papers/production-and-diagnosis-of-energetic-particles-in-fast-1np91u64ls 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fast-h-mode-plasma-scenarios-1-2q3ma50g.png Table 1: FAST H-mode plasma scenarios [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-the-first-eleven-11b-energetic-levels-fig-3-2ht1d5ks.png Table 2: List of the first eleven 11B energetic levels. Fig.3 Level scheme for the first four excited levels of 11B with https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9b-simulated-thermal-emission-and-hkn-neutron-spectrum-3kgmey3p.png Fig. 9b Simulated thermal emission and HKN neutron spectrum for Maxwellian 1% 3He ions of 800 and 1200 keV with θ =90°±10°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9a-simulated-neutron-emission-spectrum-for-fast-h-mode-23b8ysu6.png Fig. 9b Simulated thermal emission and HKN neutron spectrum for Maxwellian 1% 3He ions of 800 and 1200 keV with θ =90°±10°. https://scispace.com/papers/profile-hidden-markov-models-for-foreground-object-modelling-51nejlnk4g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-description-of-segmentation-pipeline-124q5dk7.png Fig. 1. Description of segmentation pipeline. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-object-profiles-a-view-of-the-moving-gjtzznpz.png Fig. 2. Examples of object profiles. a) View of the moving individual in people1, b) denim jacket and c) leg profiles. Black pixels denote alignment gaps created by insertions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-f1-scores-calculated-for-all-videos-and-methods-2gly9qpm.png Fig. 4. F1 scores calculated for all videos and methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-f1-scores-of-foreground-refinement-methods-they-are-2mrr36x7.png Table 1. F1 scores of foreground refinement methods. They are calculated as a mean of either video or frame F1 scores. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-foreground-refinement-by-the-proposed-2towiddv.png Fig. 5. Example of foreground refinement by the proposed method for the video people1: a) frame, b) ground truth, c) initial, d) dilated mask and e) refined foregrounds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-p-hmm-architecture-11-consisting-of-5-match-states-2602xz6a.png Fig. 3. P-HMM architecture [11], consisting of 5 match states. Diamonds, circles and squares represent the states of the HMM, while arrows indicate possible state transitions. https://scispace.com/papers/production-and-stability-of-mechanochemically-exfoliated-2bi1hj4bcl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-c-representative-tem-images-of-re-dispersed-bmg-2xo9khmd.png Fig. 6 (a, c) Representative TEM images of re-dispersed BMG powder in water and (b, d) in CCM. Statistical lateral dimension Gaussian distribution from TEM images of BMG powder in (e) water and (f ) CCM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-optical-microscopy-image-of-bmg-powder-after-re-1neubfof.png Fig. 5 (a) Optical microscopy image of BMG powder after re-dispersion in water. Two-dimensional Raman mappings of (b) I(D)/(G) and (c) I(2D)/I(G), (d) FWHM(G) and (e) FWHM(2D) of BMG powder re-dispersed in water at 532 nm. Note that mappings displayed in (b–e) correspond to the same sample area shown in (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photographs-of-bmg-powder-and-its-dispersions-in-water-19n17kh5.png Fig. 1 Photographs of BMG powder and its dispersions in water and CCM + supplements (10% FBS and 1% Gentamycin sulfate). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-tga-plots-of-graphite-bmg-powder-and-melamine-b-c-1s-3w06rqg4.png Fig. 2 (a) TGA plots of graphite, BMG powder and melamine; (b) C 1s XPS of BMG powder; (c) O 1s XPS of BMG powder. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-c-tem-images-of-stability-of-bmg-powder-in-water-9bwuaw9k.png Fig. 8 (a, c) TEM images of stability of BMG powder in water after 2 hours and (b, d) 24 hours. Statistical lateral dimension Gaussian distribution from TEM images of BMG powder in water (e) after 2 hours and (f ) 24 hours. https://scispace.com/papers/prognostic-value-of-soluble-p-selectin-levels-in-colorectal-1z24h12ci5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-presurgical-sp-selectin-levels-in-crc-patients-who-3q6v5dom.png FIGURE 1 – Presurgical sP-selectin levels in CRC patients who remained free of disease (NED), patients with locoregional recurrence (LR) and patients who developed distant metastasis (MET). Columns indicate mean values; bars indicate standard deviations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-plasma-sp-selectin-levels-in-normal-individuals-and-19kvps0r.png TABLE I – PLASMA SP-SELECTIN LEVELS IN NORMAL INDIVIDUALS AND PATIENTS WITH EITHER BENIGN OR MALIGNANT COLORECTAL DISEASE1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-plasma-sp-selectin-and-serum-tumor-marker-levels-in-2vbmgc2y.png TABLE II – PLASMA SP-SELECTIN AND SERUM TUMOR MARKER LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CRC https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-cox-proportional-hazards-analysis-of-mortality-1510swsz.png TABLE IV – COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY RATES IN 147 PRIMARY CRC PATIENTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-cox-proportional-hazards-analysis-of-relapse-free-31f0ac7x.png TABLE III – COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS ANALYSIS OF RELAPSE-FREE SURVIVAL IN 147 PRIMARY CRC PATIENTS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kaplan-meier-analysis-comparison-between-overall-2tgkgxkf.png FIGURE 2 – Kaplan Meier analysis. Comparison between overall survival of patients with either positive (above 75 ng/ml) (dotted line) or negative (below 75 ng/ml) (solid line) presurgical sP-selectin levels. Log-Rank 6.143, p 0.02. https://scispace.com/papers/program-fields-for-continuous-software-1wlb3y2wvp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-program-field-editor-vkigph8q.png Figure 2: Program field editor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-factoring-in-program-fields-so9l4tod.png Figure 1: Factoring in program fields. https://scispace.com/papers/prognostics-of-health-status-of-multi-component-systems-with-3wtzn6ymcq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-lorry-system-2dvqqcal.png Fig. 6: Lorry system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-position-of-the-proposed-approach-243vayof.png Fig. 1: Position of the proposed approach https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-components-representation-with-the-weibull-model-2122adhk.png Fig. 2: Component’s representation with the Weibull model https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-simulation-results-21d1w1ue.png TABLE II: Simulation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-degradation-interactions-rates-2i7s5y9f.png TABLE I: Degradation interactions rates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-engines-degradation-states-2zfnaxch.png Fig. 8: engine’s degradation states https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-weibull-model-for-jacks-degradation-interactions-30pedzin.png Fig. 10: Weibull model for jacks degradation interactions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-deterioration-of-jacks-strength-2j4v3hzi.png Fig. 7: Deterioration of Jacks strength https://scispace.com/papers/programmed-physical-exertion-in-recovery-from-sports-related-oxj32sem3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recovery-periods-and-means-standard-deviations-of-pqfpxyvv.png Table 1. Recovery Periods and Means (Standard Deviations) of Change in Neuropsychological Variables and Symptoms https://scispace.com/papers/progress-in-inertial-fusion-b95jvqtwqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-historical-cost-performance-of-nd-glass-lasers-1fbqs8ud.png Fig. 8. Historical cost performance of Nd:glass lasers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-strong-correlation-between-the-raman-scattered-1c6jffx7.png Fig. 4. The strong correlation between the Raman-scattered light and hot electron fraction is strong evidence that Raman scattering is the probable source of hot electrons in the Novette experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-relative-cost-of-electricity-for-a-1-gw-power-plant-32erknu5.png Fig. 1. Relative cost of electricity for a 1 GW power plant assuming a conventional steam cycle balance of plant. Future fission and future coal costs are taken from Ref. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-summary-of-laser-plasma-experiments-with-gold-disks-203z8nvl.png Fig. 6. Summary of laser plasma experiments with gold disks. Target coupling Is very favorable at short wavelengths. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-advanced-solid-state-laser-efficiencies-10-appear-to-25ik1fsq.png Table 1. Advanced solid state laser efficiencies > 10% appear to be passible. Data from the 31 cm diameter Nova amplifier and an experimental sample segment amplifier (SSA) are shown along with estimated projections based upon identified improvements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-peak-power-and-energy-capability-of-the-nd-glass-252uztke.png Fig. 7. The peak power and energy capability of the Nd:glass solid state laser systems built at LLNL has progressed rapidly. It is now technically assured that solid state laser systems in the multi-megajoule and 500 TW range can be built. Ongoing research and technology development suggest that high repetition rate (<10 Hz), high efficiency (>10%), affordable (~$50/J) costs may also be attained for advanced solid state systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-for-high-gain-icf-capsules-most-of-the-fuel-must-1sjhlpg9.png Fig. 3. For high-gain ICF capsules, most of the fuel must remain nearly Ferml-degenerate. For typical capsules, the entropy of the fuel must not exceed the entropy generated by about a 1 Mb shock. Since capsules are Imploded with peak pressures of 80 to 100 Mb, the pressure must be Increased In such a way that strong shocks are not generated after an Initial shock of about 1 Mb. This can be accomplished If successive shocks differ in pressure by lesn than a factor of h. To achieve this throughout the fuel, the power at each point in the pulse must be controlled with an accuracy of 5 to 10% and the timing must be accurate to less than 1 ns for megajoule-scale capsules. https://scispace.com/papers/programming-a-fast-explicit-conflict-checker-1e7mpvjhj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-branching-program-for-fig-1-2t1dc2m8.png Fig. 2. Branching program for Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-blocking-small-factory-3egcitlx.png Fig. 1. Blocking small factory. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-in-lignin-hydrogels-and-nanocomposites-for-water-27pilt18w0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-proposed-schematic-of-the-structure-unit-of-the-z2gp2c12.png Figure 15. Proposed schematic of the structure unit of the LSMMs. [96]. Reprinted with permission. [96] Copyright 2016 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-various-lignin-based-materials-utilized-for-water-3lhkqq5e.png Table 1. Various lignin based materials utilized for water treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-simplified-diagram-showing-complex-structures-of-3v5m8ws3.png Figure 2. (a) Simplified diagram showing complex structures of plant cell walls [73]. Reprinted with permission. [73] Copyright 2013 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-typical-xps-wide-scan-spectra-of-blpama-before-39mne127.png Figure 11. The typical XPS wide scan spectra of BLPAMA before (a) and after (b) Pb2+ adsorption, N 1 s spectra of BLPAMA before (c) and after (d) Pb2+ adsorption, O1s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-sem-images-swelled-ggm-based-hydrogel-at-different-201nkqwl.png Figure 7. SEM images swelled GGM-based hydrogel at different magnification [92]. Reprinted with permission. [92] Copyright 2014 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-photograph-of-ls-g-aa-hydrogels-in-the-cylindrical-23hgcg05.png Figure 14. Photograph of LS-g-AA hydrogels in the cylindrical mold [95]. Reprinted with permission. [95] Copyright 2016 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-representation-of-ggm-ma-crosslinker-with-c5b97mvn.png Figure 6. Schematic representation of GGM-MA crosslinker with different molar mass. (1) and (2) reaction of three GGM22-MA chains with active polymer chain, (3) more probability of interlinking of GGM22-MA chains in comparison to GGM5-MA due to the large quantity of MA groups (highlighted in green), (4) formation of crosslinked network of GGM22-MA [92]. GGM: O-acetyl galactoglucomannan macromonomers, MA: methacrylate groups, GGM5-MA (Mn = https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-sorption-of-as-v-and-cr-vi-for-different-hydrogels-z6dyiszf.png Figure 8. Sorption of As (V) and Cr (VI) for different hydrogels and Amberlite IRA 400-Cl as a commercial product [92]. Reprinted with permission. [92] Copyright 2014 Elsevier. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-in-the-realization-of-the-prima-neutral-beam-test-4rxw8xlpof 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spider-vacuum-vessel-during-assembly-at-supplier-yzxqkbpd.png Figure 6. SPIDER vacuum vessel during assembly at supplier premises for factory tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-exploded-view-of-the-spider-beam-source-qqpwyoe9.png Figure 5. Exploded view of the SPIDER beam source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-cross-section-view-of-a-typical-200-kv-alumina-3bsvlnlj.png Figure 14. (a) Cross section view of a typical 200 kV alumina post-insulator; (b) scheme of testing load condition for MITICA BS postinsulators (F = 53 kN, α = 10.51°, a = 118 mm b = 34.5 mm c = 60 mm) and (c) corresponding test equipment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-alternative-geometries-for-mitica-200-kv-1rfdjy43.png Figure 15. Alternative geometries for MITICA 200 kV postinsulators: (a) solid insulator, (b) hollow insulator, (c) ‘H’ section insulator with metalized blind holes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-overall-view-of-the-spider-power-supply-including-11z1vyfu.png Figure 8. Overall view of the SPIDER power supply including vessel and transmission line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spider-water-cooled-beam-dump-1hzv80uh.png Figure 7. SPIDER water cooled beam dump. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-electrostatic-field-maps-in-vertical-middle-plane-1f4fh3p5.png Figure 13. Electrostatic field maps in vertical middle plane and in the bottom region of MITICA beam source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-thermo-mechanical-analyses-of-the-rid-middle-wall-22l1bfx8.png Figure 19. Thermo-mechanical analyses of the RID middle wall under beam-on thermal loads. (a) Flow temperature distribution in E-RID cooling channel with swirled tape. (b) Displacements [mm] of the E-RID middle wall under beam-on thermal loads. https://scispace.com/papers/progression-of-alzheimer-s-disease-a-longitudinal-study-in-58ojad2dff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-clinical-and-demographic-characteristics-at-baseline-3gl8bc68.png Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics at baseline https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-progression-from-baseline-to-follow-up-measured-in-3k5xkgfc.png Table 2 Progression from baseline to follow-up, measured in CDR-SB, MMSE, and IADL https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-slow-progressors-with-intermediate-or-54qnox8f.png Table 4 Comparison of slow progressors with intermediate or rapid progressors from baseline to follow-up https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-baseline-variables-and-the-3eol7zvt.png Table 3 Associations between baseline variables and the progression of AD as measured by annual CDR-SB change https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-of-patients-being-slow-progressors-or-bfuzqdu8.png Fig. 2. Percentage of patients being slow progressors or experiencing intermediate or rapid progression, as measured by a global score (CDR-SB), a cognitive test (MMSE) and an assessment of function (IADL). CDR-SB, Clinical Dementia Rating scale sum of boxes; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Lawton and Brody). Slow progression defined on CDR-SB and MMSE as <1 point worsened score per year, and on the IADL scale (Lawton and Brody) defined as loss of independence in maximally 1 IADL function over the follow-up period of mean 2 years. Intermediate or rapid progression defined as score differences from baseline to follow-up above the defined thresholds for progression. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlations-between-changes-per-year-from-baseline-1ylfx57s.png Table 5 Correlations between changes per year from baseline scores (Spearman correlation coefficients) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-flow-chart-other-types-of-dementia-n-40-among-17y2lnep.png Fig. 1. Study flow chart. Other types of dementia (n= 40) among patients with follow-up assessments: Dementia in Parkinson’s disease (n= 12). Dementia with Lewy bodies (n= 8). Vascular dementia (n= 7). Frontotemporal dementia (n= 4). In addition, two patients were diagnosed with other specified types of dementia and seven had unspecified dementia. https://scispace.com/papers/progress-towards-commercialization-of-plastid-transformation-2qchmfmyt7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plastid-transformation-vectors-a-the-plastid-repeat-21wuglbd.png Fig. 3. Plastid transformation vectors. (a) The plastid repeat vector (pPRV) family (GenBank accession numbers U12809–U12815) [26]. Cloning convenience is ensured by alternative expression signals for aadA in the pPRV111 and pPRV112 series, and the pUC multiple cloning sites (MCSs) available in both orientations (A or B). There is no read-through transcription of transgenes in MCSs from the rrn operon. (b) The pRB94/pRB95 vectors (EMBL Accession numbers AJ312392, AJ312393) [28]. Vectors differ with respect to the orientation of the Bluescript MCS. No information is published on read-through transcription at the MCS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-transplastomic-clones-are-identified-as-green-shoots-344sqico.png Fig. 2. Transplastomic clones are identified as green shoots on spectinomcyin medium. (a) Spectinomycin inhibits greening and shoot regeneration of wild type, but not of transplastomic, tobacco cells [9]. (b) The shoots are chimeric, visualized by the expression of green fluorescent protein in chloroplasts [59]. Genetically stable plants are obtained by shoot regeneration from the transformed sectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-elimination-of-marker-genes-using-the-cre-lox-site-2t9pcz5t.png Fig. 5. Elimination of marker genes using the CRE-lox site specific recombination system. (a) The aadA marker gene in the plastid genome is flanked by two directly oriented lox sites (arrowheads). The gene of interest (goi ) is shown in blue. (b) The nuclear-encoded, plastid targeted CRE is introduced by Agrobacterium transformation into the nucleus by selection for a linked kanamycin resistance (neo ) gene. The aadA gene is simultaneously excised from all the plastid genome copies. (c) Cre and Neo are lost by segregation in the seed progeny. Abbreviations: c, Cre; n, Neo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evolution-of-the-plastid-expression-technology-3euqtmcm.png Table 1. Evolution of the plastid expression technology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-transformed-plastid-genome-forms-by-two-recombination-1tc7z7ee.png Fig. 1. Transformed plastid genome forms by two recombination events through homologous targeting sequences. Plastid genome segments included in vector are marked as left and right targeting regions (LTR,RTR), respectively. In future vectors, marker genes will be flanked by directly oriented loxP sites (filled triangles) for removal of marker genes by the CRE site-specific recombinase [53,54]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accumulation-of-recombinant-proteins-in-chloroplasts-1k21zv6b.png Table 2. Accumulation of recombinant proteins in chloroplasts https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-modular-design-of-plastid-promoter-leader-pl-and-augc666o.png Fig. 4. Modular design of plastid promoter-leader (PL) and terminator (T) cassettes. PL cassettes encode a promoter and (a) 50-untranslated region (50-UTR) or (b) a 50- translation control region (50-TCR, 50-UTR plus a segment of the coding region). Proteins are expressed from Nhe I/Xba I or Nco I/Xba I fragments [22,23]. Stemloop structures formed by nucleotide pairing in the 50-UTR and 30-UTR and the AUG translation initiation and UGA stop codons are marked. (Reproduced, with permission, from Ref. [7]). https://scispace.com/papers/project-complexity-and-risk-management-procrim-towards-eoo5qky3w6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-profile-of-respondents-wm25hpar.png Fig 4. Profile of Respondents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-impact-of-different-combinations-of-risk-mitigation-1gjdswqj.png Fig 6. Impact of different combinations of risk mitigation strategies on the overall utility https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-impact-of-project-complexity-on-the-project-objectives-27phpbem.png Fig 7. Impact of project complexity on the project objectives https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-project-complexity-and-risk-management-procrim-with-1judst1q.png Fig 2. Project complexity and risk management (ProCRiM) with associated inputs and outputs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-research-focus-and-methodology-p19jxpdu.png Fig 1. Research focus and methodology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-for-implementing-procrim-using-eut-and-bbns-azufv7ww.png Fig 3. Flowchart for implementing ProCRiM using EUT and BBNs [adapted from Sigurdsson et al. (2001)] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-project-complexity-elements-and-risks-with-3faal7la.png Table 1. Selected project complexity elements and risks with associated interdependency (shaded cells identify interdependency between the row and column) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prioritisation-of-risks-and-selection-of-potential-2t9x4fbg.png Table 2. Prioritisation of risks and selection of potential risk mitigation strategies https://scispace.com/papers/projection-of-economic-impacts-of-climate-change-in-sectors-2ok9ypclez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-annual-temperature-related-cases-of-r7fqgxch.png Table 6. Average annual temperature-related cases of salmonellosis across the EU-27, for 2011-2040 and 2071-2080 (A2 and B2 scenarios) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-annual-welfare-costs-of-annual-temperature-related-19fsm4vz.png Table 7. Annual welfare costs of annual temperature-related cases of salmonellosis across EU-27, under A2 and B2 climate scenarios for two future time periods. (2005 prices). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-annual-cases-of-mild-depression-attributable-to-280sivo8.png Table 8 Annual Cases of mild depression attributable to coastal flooding from climate change in the EU under IPCC climate scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-annual-costs-of-climate-change-induced-depression-1vpfmk53.png Table 9. Annual Costs of climate change-induced Depression from Coastal Flooding in EU-27 (€m, 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-additional-heat-related-deaths-year-across-2dt57zw5.png Table 3.Total additional heat-related deaths/year across time periods, scenarios, functions and with and without acclimatisation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-climate-dependent-functions-linking-all-cause-1zlse31x.png Table 2. Climate-dependent functions linking all-cause mortality with temperature https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-total-additional-heat-related-economic-costs-in-366gm4xq.png Table 4. Total additional heat-related economic costs in Million Euro/year across time periods, scenarios, functions and with and without acclimatisation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-country-specific-absolute-functions-linking-reported-3e4gh7xz.png Table 5. Country-specific absolute functions linking reported salmonella cases with temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/promoter-architecture-determines-co-translational-regulation-2fq43cqrqr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-expression-library-of-genomic-fragments-to-7ogolcq3.png Figure 1. An expression library of genomic fragments to quantify the ability of ORF-encoded sequence features to regulate gene expression. (A) A schematic view of the following initial question: Does the ORF determine gene expression? (B) Scheme of the gDNA library preparation and expression measurements. (C ) Measured expression distributions for all inserts (blue) and only those lacking a premature termination codon (PTC; gray). (D) Measured versus predicted expression levels in the gDNA library. Expression is predicted from the sequence of each gDNA insert using a 10-fold cross-validated linear model (R2 is calculated across all test data from all cross-validations). (E) Expression predicted from the sequence of each native yeast ORF using the same features as for the gDNA library. (F ) IncludingORF-encoded features in amodel of expression increases the ability of promoter-YFP data to predict steady-state mRNA levels. Error bars, SD from 10-fold cross-validation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-gdna-library-with-different-promoters-identifies-168w78es.png Figure 2. A gDNA library with different promoters identifies sequence features that interact with the promoter to determine gene expression. (A) The gDNA library was cloned under the control of either the TATA+GALL promoter or the TATA-less ribosomal RPL4A promoter and the expression of both libraries measured in yeast growing on galactose as a carbon source. (B) Coefficients from themultiple linearmodel based on ORF sequence features from libraries with the two different promoters. Outlined are the features used for predicting expression in both the libraries or native genes. tAI is the tRNA adaptation index. Nucleotides followed by numbers refer to the position in a codon; e.g., A/G1 is the fraction of codons with an A or G at position 1. (C,D) Lines show the median expression for inserts binned by 3′ UTR length (C) or codon bias (D). Correlation values are for unbinned data, and the P-value is a test for a significant difference between the two correlation values using bootstrapping. (E) NMD effect, measured as the log2 ratio inmRNA (TPM) between upf1 andwild-type cells for native transcripts. Lines show themedianNMD effect across transcripts binned by 3′ UTR length for TATA-containing (red) and TATA-less promoters (blue). The P-value is for a t-test for a difference in mean NMD strength for all unbinned data between TATA and TATA-less genes. (F) Themakeup of two linearmodels, one that predictsmRNA levels from promoter-YFP data, and the other that includes codon bias (tAI) as an additional predictor. For bothmodels, native genes are split into two classes, TATA and TATA-less, and tAI effect is the difference in R2 between the two models. (G) Difference in tAI effect for random samplings of equal numbers of genes from each class. (H,I) An ORF-encoded sequence feature model was trained to predict mRNA levels for TATA and TATA-less promoters (R2 = squared Pearson correlation coefficient). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-orf-features-regulate-expression-in-response-to-2gvlrjfk.png Figure 4. ORF features regulate expression in response to changes in growth rate. (A) Brauer et al. (2008) grew yeast at six different growth rates in each of six different environments and measured how the expression of each gene changed as a function of growth rate (slope GR-mRNA). TATA-less genes (blue; N = 1088) increase in expression, while those with TATA boxes (red; N = 401) more often decrease. The P-value is from a Fisher’s exact test. (B) Keren et al. (2013) measured promoter-YFP expression at different growth rates. Each point shows the slope (expression change as a function of growth rate) for promoter-YFP (y-axis) and steady-state mRNA (x-axis) for TATA (red) or TATA-less (blue) genes. (C) GR-mRNA was predicted from ORF features allowing us to calculate the slope between growth rate and the contribution of ORF to expression (GR-ORF). Shown is the relationship between GR-ORF and GRmRNA (see A), for each type of genes. (D) GR-mRNAwas predicted from both GR-promoter and ORF features (GR-(ORF + promoter)). Shown is the relationship between this and GR-mRNA, for each type of genes (E) R2 values for a model that predicts GR-mRNA from GR-promoter, ORF features, or ORF + promoter for each type of genes. Error bars are standard deviation, calculated with bootstrapping. https://scispace.com/papers/projections-of-the-availability-and-cost-of-residues-from-2xelp61a6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-global-supply-curves-for-available-residues-in-a-2050-3b6i0tpf.png Fig. 5 Global supply curves for available residues in (a) 2050 and (b) 2100 for all reference scenarios. Only displaying available potential at <10$ GJ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-changes-in-the-theoretical-ecological-and-available-2rwwudhg.png Fig. 6 Changes in the theoretical, ecological and available potentials for the sensitivity scenarios in 2100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-global-supply-curves-for-available-residues-in-a-2050-37kfgorq.png Fig. 7 Global supply curves for available residues in (a) 2050 and (b) 2100 for the Medium and sensitivity scenarios. Only displaying available potential at <10$ GJ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maps-of-a-theoretical-potential-b-ecological-potential-mjgczdzg.png Fig. 4 Maps of (a) theoretical potential, (b) ecological potential and (c) supply costs in 2100 for the Medium scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-relative-changes-of-key-indicators-for-all-reference-38venmq4.png Table 5 Relative changes of key indicators for all reference scenarios (2010 = 100). IMAGE provides projections of the volume demand and production intensity of the agricultural and forestry sectors. Aggregate residue productivity (GJ km 2) for the theoretical and available potentials determined from present methodology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-projections-of-theoretical-ecological-and-available-16d3c4nm.png Fig. 2 Projections of theoretical, ecological and available potential. Agricultural, forestry and process residues for all reference scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flowchart-indicating-methodology-used-to-determine-the-o0glu4yw.png Fig. 1 Flowchart indicating methodology used to determine the residue availability. Outflows leading to different potentials were shown, and data inputs were indicated in ovals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-agricultural-crops-included-in-assessment-proposed-3um0yl5j.png Table 2 Agricultural crops included in assessment, proposed correlations between RPR and yield and assumed higher heating value https://scispace.com/papers/promotions-demotions-halo-effects-and-the-earnings-dynamics-3tdfuzvvjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-implied-effects-of-promotions-1s6obtzk.png Table 2 - Implied Effects of Promotions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-estimates-37skkk8a.png Table 1 - Parameter Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-continued-vwzekoi8.png Table 5 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-past-earnings-growth-and-level-changes-on-2ql7y3wt.png Table 5 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6b-summary-of-the-effects-of-current-promotions-on-3u3ogq7w.png Table 6B - Summary of the Effects of Current Promotions on Earnings Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-past-earnings-on-earnings-dynamics-type-wk8ma53z.png Table 4 - Effect of Past Earnings on Earnings Dynamics Type: GMM GMM GMM GMM GMM GMM Dependent: ∆Base ∆Bonus ∆Total ∆Base ∆Bonus ∆Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 ∆Baset−1 -0.1385 -0.1462 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6a-continued-1ykhwy1z.png Table 6B - Summary of the Effects of Current Promotions on Earnings Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effects-of-promotions-and-demotions-on-earnings-cqcs1fx5.png Table 3 - The Effects of Promotions and Demotions on Earnings Growth https://scispace.com/papers/propagation-and-relaxation-of-tension-in-stiff-polymers-1y18zbw1yw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-characteristic-times-logarithmic-scale-3tw5r5wu.png FIG. 3 (color online). Characteristic times (logarithmic scale) for pulling and release against the applied external force f (linear scale). The time t? (stars) separates regions where ordinary perturbation theory (OPT) applies (dark shaded) from regions (light shaded) of linear (hatched) and nonlinear tension propagation and from homogeneous tension relaxation (white). Whereas longitudinal friction is negligible for t > t?, it limits the dynamics for t < t?. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-double-logarithmic-sketch-of-the-tension-propagation-2zp1qmvd.png FIG. 2. Double-logarithmic sketch of the tension propagation laws ‘k t / tz. At tf f 2 they cross over from a universal short-time regime to (problem-specific) tension-dominated intermediate asymptotics, except for weak forces, f < ‘2p=L4, and for ‘p quenches. The propagation ends when ‘k t L. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-transverse-equilibration-length-t-and-the-7ydfes4n.png TABLE I. The transverse equilibration length ‘? t and the tension propagation length ‘k t both exhibit a crossover at tf f 2 (here, for the pulling problem with f L 2; t t?L ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-growth-laws-for-the-end-to-end-distance-r-t-in-the-ryr9dtxr.png TABLE II. Growth laws for the end-to-end distance R t in the intermediate asymptotic regimes marked in Fig. 3. OPT and MSPT refer to ‘‘ordinary perturbation theory’’ and ‘‘multiple-scale perturbation theory,’’ respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pulling-schematic-in-response-to-an-external-force-f-ni2yoo5z.png FIG. 1. Pulling (schematic): In response to an external force f, the thermally undulated contour r s r?; s rk T is straightened within boundary layers of growing width ‘k t . https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-measures-supported-on-fat-sierpinski-carpets-4hr9yx9dc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extending-the-regions-where-dimension-is-known-278kyaoy.png FIGURE 1. Extending the regions where dimension is known. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vicsek-sets-where-i-l-1-3-and-ii-l-0-386-8xd26rfy.png FIGURE 4. Vicsek sets where (i) λ = 1/3 and (ii) λ = 0.386. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-examples-3el928ey.png TABLE 1. Summary of examples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sierpinski-carpets-where-i-l-1-3-and-ii-l-0-338-2agzgm10.png FIGURE 3. Sierpinski carpets where (i) λ = 1/3 and (ii) λ = 0.338. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sierpinski-gasket-where-i-l-0-5-and-ii-l-0-525-3tfxhg4b.png FIGURE 2. Sierpinski gasket where (i) λ = 0.5 and (ii) λ = 0.525. https://scispace.com/papers/properties-of-strange-matter-stars-3pcnd85bd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mass-versus-radius-of-strange-star-configurations-with-3eg65pcd.png Fig. 1.— Mass versus radius of strange-star configurations with nuclear crust (solid curve) and gravitationally bound stars (dotted curve). The following abbreviations are used: NS=neutron star, SS=strange star, wd=white dwarf, sd=strange dwarf. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pulsation-frequencies-w-2-of-the-lowest-four-n-012-and-b3jtn8ug.png Fig. 2.— Pulsation frequencies, w 2, of the lowest four (n = 0,1,2, and 3) normal radial modes of strange stars as a function of central star density. Instead of u% itself, the quantity sign(a) log (1 + abs(a)), where a = (w„/sec _ 1) 2 , is plotted on the y-axis. The cross refers to the termination point of the strange dwarf sequence (cf. Fig. 1). https://scispace.com/papers/property-rights-for-the-poor-effects-of-land-titling-3jv1jc56cl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-labor-market-1sb6ums6.png Table 8 - Labor Market https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timeline-of-events-36bhqg2y.png Figure 1 – Timeline of Events https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-household-size-1p13x3ng.png Table 5 - Household Size https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-of-housing-investment-results-good-walls-9xtrco16.png Table 4 – Robustness of Housing Investment Results: Good Walls https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-education-offspring-of-the-household-head-14us2awz.png Table 6 – Education Offspring of the Household Head https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-treatment-characteristics-3h8yql24.png Table 1 – Pre-Treatment Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-absolute-value-of-t-statistics-in-parentheses-rqktyf1k.png Table A.1. Absolute value of t statistics in parentheses. * Significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-access-to-credit-gxbjyyvw.png Table 7 - Access to Credit https://scispace.com/papers/proposal-for-a-candidate-core-set-of-fitness-and-strength-3nh31ruk0s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-on-the-identification-of-the-tests-3183w80o.png Figure 1. Flow diagram on the identification of the tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-the-online-questionnaire-among-all-imacs-23rbnu7k.png Table 2. Results of the online questionnaire among all IMACS members during stage 5 of the Delphi survey. The percentages provided in this table reflect the percentage of the IMACS members who agree on the given test of the core set. Values are % (n). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-final-candidate-core-set-of-fitness-and-muscle-307udm41.png Table 3. Final candidate core set of fitness and muscle strength tests. https://scispace.com/papers/prospective-audit-of-exudative-age-related-macular-3pncikvi1o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-density-plots-of-va-left-and-greatest-linear-1j890iks.png FIGURE 1. Density plots of VA (left) and greatest linear dimension (right) at the index visit by lesion type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fitted-lowess-lines-showing-changes-in-va-over-12-24ljg1o6.png FIGURE 4. Fitted Lowess lines showing changes in VA over 12 months for noncompleters (A–C) and completers (D). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-density-plot-of-within-group-changes-at-12-months-3qroxsqi.png FIGURE 2. Density plot of within group changes at 12 months (left) and fitted Lowess lines showing subgroup changes in VA over 12 months (right). https://scispace.com/papers/prospective-prehospital-evaluation-of-the-cincinnati-stroke-fku97o91fd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-participant-flow-diagram-3ldlzolh.png Figure 2. Participant flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-fast-positive-subjects-with-complete-aor6ho4s.png Table 1. Comparison of FAST-positive subjects with complete or incomplete C-STAT and outcome data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cincinnati-stroke-triage-assessment-tool-17-figure-1kzz64qu.png Figure 1. Cincinnati Stroke Triage Assessment Tool .................................................................................. 17 Figure 2. Participant flow diagram .............................................................................................................. 18 Table 1. Comparison of FAST-positive subjects with complete or incomplete C-STAT and outcome data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-false-positive-case-c-stat-without-severe-stroke-or-1ceh4ov9.png Table 3: False Positive case (C-STAT + without severe stroke or CSC need) among FAST+ subjects, n=7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-test-characteristics-and-95-confidence-intervals-of-pyec7mk0.png Table 2. Test characteristics and 95% confidence intervals of C-STAT in FAST+ subjects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cincinnati-stroke-triage-assessment-tool-1eob1tof.png Figure 1. Cincinnati Stroke Triage Assessment Tool .................................................................................. 17 Figure 2. Participant flow diagram .............................................................................................................. 18 Table 1. Comparison of FAST-positive subjects with complete or incomplete C-STAT and outcome data. https://scispace.com/papers/prospects-for-enhancing-leaf-photosynthetic-capacity-by-464m2mxah9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-matrix-of-correlation-coefficient-between-leaf-rbhxg3d4.png Table 1 Matrix of correlation coefficient between leaf anatomical and photosynthetic parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-of-leaf-anatomical-and-photosynthetic-gp0yrp50.png Table 2 Changes of leaf anatomical and photosynthetic parameters under different LMA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-between-leaf-morphology-and-photosynthetic-3bfayg5v.png Fig. 2. Correlation between leaf morphology and photosynthetic parameters based on literature data. Note: The correlation was conducted by using the “corrr” package in R software. The closer each variable is to another represents the higher relationship while the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representations-of-geometrical-idealization-of-13acgxr2.png Fig. 3. Representations of geometrical idealization of mesophyll cells showing how geometry affects the Smes and fias value. Smes, mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular air space; fias, fraction of intercellular air space. https://scispace.com/papers/protective-effects-of-orally-applied-fullerenol-nano-1z1eyi27yb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-urea-in-rat-serum-x-axis-shows-different-groups-y-2lp6mqoz.png Figure 5. Urea in rat serum. x-Axis shows different groups; y-axis shows urea level in mmol/L (* − significant difference from the corresponding group for the value p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mda-level-in-rat-liver-x-axis-shows-different-3jflifgg.png Figure 6. MDA level in rat liver. x-Axis shows different groups; y-axis shows MDA liver level in µmol/L (* − significant difference from the corresponding group for the value p < 0.05; TBARS − tiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an index of malonic acid (MDA) production. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mda-level-in-rat-kidneys-x-axis-shows-different-3rwjh60v.png Figure 7. MDA level in rat kidneys. x-Axis shows different groups; y-axis shows MDA kidney level in µmol/L (* − significant difference from the corresponding group for the value p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-number-distribution-d-nm-and-zeta-potential-25m6krnq.png Table 1. Particle number distribution, d (nm), and zeta potential, ζ (mV), of FNP in H2O:DMSO (80:20; w/w) solution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-afm-images-of-fullerenol-large-particle-in-h2o-dmso-2yx33v8j.png Figure 1. AFM images of fullerenol large particle in H2O:DMSO (80:20; w/w) solution: a) homogeneous distribution of FNP; b) AFM image 140×140 nm2 of the large particle, about 95 nm on the HOPG surface; c) corresponding cross-section of large particle; d) 3D image of the larger particle on the HOPG surface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-body-weight-of-rats-and-coefficients-of-liver-after-1rvopbrf.png Table 3. Body weight of rats and coefficients of liver after sacrificing (p < 0.05; values followed by the same letter are not statistically different for p<0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-aspartate-aminotransferase-in-rat-serum-x-axis-1iayvsh0.png Figure 4. Aspartate aminotransferase in rat serum. x-Axis shows different groups; y-axis shows AST level in U/L. (* − significant difference from the corresponding group for the value p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alanine-aminotransferase-in-rat-serum-x-axis-shows-yqoehk2f.png Figure 3. Alanine aminotransferase in rat serum. X-axis shows different groups; Y-axis shows ALT level in U/L. (* − significant difference from the corresponding group for the value p<0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/protein-biocargo-of-citrus-fruit-derived-vesicles-reveals-jf9i4g8awd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-distribution-of-the-two-highly-expressed-enzyme-155o3qmn.png Figure 6. Distribution of the two highly expressed enzyme subclasses, hydrolases and oxidoreductases in the citrus fruit juice sac cell-derived vesicles studied. https://scispace.com/papers/protect-sensitive-information-against-channel-state-1rm1lvgunp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-attack-scenarios-the-target-is-doing-gesture-privacy-2t9g1n5a.png Fig. 1: Attack Scenarios. The target is doing gesture privacy in public place, and the attacker receives the gesture-related CSI values using NICs in scenario 1 and scenario 4 while in scenario 2 and scenario 3, the attacker using her laptop to receive the gesture-related CSI values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-four-parameters-to-characterize-the-channel-3k4d59tr.png Fig. 5: Four parameters to characterize the channel interference under six conditions for the safe wireless transmitter and the public AP that the attacker leverages https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-overview-of-wiguard-yicijp11.png Fig. 3: System Overview of WiGuard https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-process-of-csi-based-attack-there-are-two-kinds-of-1xbx64l5.png Fig. 2: The process of CSI-based attack. There are two kinds of gesture privacy presented in this figure, and one is consecutive gesture (unlock patterns of smart phones), and another is discrete gesture (keystrokes). When the attacker obtains the CSI values of gesture privacy, after noise removal, feature extraction, the attacker will decode the gesture successfully. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-four-parameters-to-characterize-the-duration-of-odmwvib8.png Fig. 6: Four parameters to characterize the duration of channel interference under the six conditions for the safe wireless transmitter and the other normal public APs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-four-parameters-under-different-distances-2nqzj5v5.png Fig. 7: Four parameters under different distances https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-users-behavior-recognition-when-there-exists-no-ouglvl3w.png Fig. 9: Users’ behavior recognition when there exists no channel interference and channel interference https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-public-wifi-packets-analysis-using-wireshark-when-the-2ntz7fea.png Fig. 4: Public WiFi packets analysis using wireshark. When the attacker collect gesture CSI values, there will exist plenty of ICMP packets in different time. https://scispace.com/papers/protocerebral-bridge-neurons-that-regulate-sleep-in-jynwvys0cw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-pb-defective-nobks49-decreased-sleep-81-total-1n5hppv1.png Figure 1. The PB defective nobKS49 decreased sleep. 81 Total daily activity (A), total sleep (B) and waking activity index (C) for control flies (Canton-S, y w 82 and w1118, white bars) and mutant strains with structural defects in the central complex (black bars) 83 in constant dark (DD) conditions. Data are averaged for 3 days and are presented as mean ± standard 84 error of the mean (SEM) (n = 3-11 for each group). Groups with asterisks indicate statistically 85 significant differences (Tukey-Kramer HSD test for normally distributed data, p < 0.05). 86 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-activation-of-r52b10-gal4-expressing-cholinergic-26ggu69c.png Figure 4. Activation of R52B10-Gal4-expressing cholinergic neurons in the brain promotes 235 wakefulness. 236 (A) Maximum-intensity projection of the confocal brain or VNC images of flies expressing UAS-237 mCD8::GFP under the control of R52B10-Gal4 (left two panels) or R52B10-Gal4 with tsh-Gal80 238 (right two panels). The tsh-Gal80 efficiently suppressed R52B10-Gal4 driven GFP expression in 239 the VNC, while did not in the brains. (B,C) Sleep profiles in 60-min intervals (B) or total daily 240 sleep (C) for control flies (R52B10-Gal4 × tsh-Gal80, black circles or bars, n = 16) or flies expressing 241 dTrpA1 in R52B10-Gal4 brain neurons (R52B10-Gal4 × tsh-Gal80; UAS-dTrpA1, red circles or bars, 242 n = 16) in DD. The behavior was monitored as described in Figure 2. Data are presented as mean 243 ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. control; t-test. (D,E) Sleep profiles in 60-min intervals (D) or total daily 244 sleep (E) for control flies (R52B10-Gal4 × w1118, black circles or bars, n = 16) or flies expressing 245 dTrpA1 in R52B10-Gal4 except cholinergic neurons (R52B10-Gal4 × UAS-dTrpA1; Cha7.4kb-Gal80, 246 red circles or bars, n = 7) in DD. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. 247 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-sleep-promoting-pb-interneurons-form-synaptic-2ep1uwep.png Figure 6. The sleep-promoting PB interneurons form synaptic contacts with the wake-281 promoting PFN neurons. 282 (A) The dendritic arbors and presynaptic terminals of the PFN neurons in R52B10-Gal4 were 283 visualized by expression of the postsynaptic marker DenMark and the presynaptic marker syt-GFP, 284 respectively. (B) The neuronal connection of the sleep-promoting PB interneurons to the wake-285 promoting PFN neurons was revealed using the t-GRASP method. The pre-t-GRASP and the post-286 t-GRASP encode the split-GFP fragments, which are targeted to presynaptic endings and dendritic 287 terminals, respectively. Brains expressing pre-t-GRASP with R59E08-Gal4 and post-t-GRASP with 288 R52B10-LexA were stained with a reconstituted GFP-specific antibody. The scale bars represent 289 100 µm. 290 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-acute-activation-of-the-pb-neurons-affected-sleep-2tvk89wb.png Figure 2. Acute activation of the PB neurons affected sleep. 124 (A) The amount of sleep per day at 29ºC in DD conditions in control flies (black bars) and flies 125 expressing dTrpA1 transgene by indicated Gal4 drivers that highly express in PB neurons (red bars). 126 For controls, each Gal4 driver was crossed with w1118 (the genetic background of UAS-dTrpA1 127 carrying flies). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6-16 for each group). Asterisks indicate 128 statistically significant differences from control determined by a t-test (p < 0.05). (B,C) Sleep 129 profiles for 60-min intervals (B) or total daily sleep (C) for controls (R52B10-Gal4 × w1118, black 130 circles or bars, n = 16) or flies expressing dTrpA1 with R52B10-Gal4 (R52B10-Gal4 × UAS-dTrpA1, 131 red circles or bars, n = 16) in DD. Behavior was monitored in DD for 1 day at 22ºC, followed by 1 132 day at 29ºC (dTrpA1 activation), and 1 day at 22ºC. Gray and black bars under the horizontal axis 133 indicate subjective day and night, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. 134 control; t-test. (D,E) Sleep profiles for 60-min intervals (D) or total daily sleep (E) for controls 135 (R59E08-Gal4 × w1118, black circles or bars, n = 16) or flies expressing dTrpA1 with R59E08-Gal4 136 (R59E08-Gal4 × UAS-dTrpA1, blue circles or bars, n = 10) in DD. Data are presented as mean ± 137 SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. control; t-test. (F,G) Maximum-intensity projection of the confocal brain 138 images of R52B10-Gal4 (F) or R59E08-Gal4 (G) crossed to UAS-mCD8::GFP flies. The scale bars 139 represent 100 µm. 140 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dopamine-regulates-sleep-by-acting-on-the-sleep-23dyazi4.png Figure 7. Dopamine regulates sleep by acting on the sleep-promoting PB interneurons. 319 (A) Maximum-intensity projection of the confocal brain images of TH-Gal4, FLP243 crossed to 320 UAS>stop>mCD8::GFP flies. TH-Gal4, FLP243 restricts expression to the T1 dopaminergic (DA) 321 neurons that project to the PB. (B,C) Sleep profiles in 60-min intervals (B) or total daily sleep (C) 322 for control (TH-Gal4 × UAS>stop>dTrpA1, black circles or bars, n = 15) or flies expressing dTrpA1 323 in T1 DA neurons (TH-Gal4, FLP243 × UAS>stop>dTrpA1, red circles or bars, n = 16) in DD 324 conditions. The behavior was monitored as described in Figure 2. Data are presented as mean ± 325 SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. control; t-test. (D,E) The anatomical connection of DA neurons in TH-Gal4 326 to the sleep-promoting PB interneurons (D) or the wake-promoting PFN neurons (E) were examined 327 using the GRASP method. Brains were stained with a reconstituted GFP-specific antibody. (F) 328 Total daily sleep for control (white bar, n = 15) and Dop2R RNAi-expressing flies using the R59E08-329 Gal4 driver (black bars, n = 16) in DD conditions. Data are averaged for 3 days and are presented 330 as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; t-test. All of the scale bars indicate 100 µm. 331 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-r52b10-gal4-expressing-pfn-neurons-promote-2ilnb81m.png Figure 5. R52B10-Gal4-expressing PFN neurons promote wakefulness. 248 (A) Using the MARCM system, dTrpA1 expression was targeted to a limited number of neurons in 249 https://scispace.com/papers/proto-japonic-e-and-o-in-eastern-old-japanese-4kguqjgl5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-diachronic-developments-of-pr-om-and-um-ib1ib0y9.png Table 9: Diachronic developments of PR *om- and *um- https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-pr-um-and-om-11ao65xn.png Table 8: PR *um- and *om- https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-eoj-e1-2-woj-i1-288d5y47.png Table 13: EOJ e1/2 :: WOJ i1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-verbal-forms-in-akiyama-dialect-1rfwxl7d.png Table 5: Verbal forms in Akiyama dialect. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-woj-and-mj-um-mum-alternations-m71jgty3.png Table 7: WOJ and MJ um- ~ mum- alternations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-adjectival-forms-in-hachijo-dialect-2jncxl88.png Table 10: Adjectival forms in Hachijō dialect https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-verb-forms-in-hachijo-dialects-1s1u5fx7.png Table 3: Verb forms in Hachijō dialects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-adjectival-forms-in-akiyama-dialect-ke6nakww.png Table 11: Adjectival forms in Akiyama dialect https://scispace.com/papers/proteomic-investigation-of-liver-from-beef-cattle-bos-2iica8lwzt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-twodimensional-electrophoresis-gel-2d-2jrpyt2g.png Fig. 1 Representative twodimensional electrophoresis gel (2D-PAGE) with proteins spots from liver of Nellore bulls classified as high residual feed intake—RFI (less efficient). The numbered circle spots (1–28) where the proteins identified by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) characterization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-twodimensional-electrophoresis-gel-2d-3nb6l2zf.png Fig. 2 Representative twodimensional electrophoresis gel (2D-PAGE) with proteins spots from liver of Nellore bulls classified as low residual feed intake—RFI (more efficient). The numbered circle spots (29–47) where the proteins identified by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) characterization https://scispace.com/papers/provable-data-possession-at-untrusted-stores-2jbt1jxu32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-e-pdp-pre-processing-vs-challenge-tradeoffs-with-2e5fojrs.png Figure 6: E-PDP pre-processing vs. challenge tradeoffs with block size for a 1 MB file. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-protocol-for-provable-data-possession-204froip.png Figure 1: Protocol for provable data possession. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-s-pdp-a-pdp-scheme-with-strong-data-possession-1uen2qjv.png Figure 2: S-PDP: a PDP scheme with strong data possession guarantee https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-performance-of-sampling-at-multiple-confidence-1vgfdtcy.png Figure 4: Performance of sampling at multiple confidence levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-computation-performance-3i5l502m.png Figure 5: Computation performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-features-and-parameters-per-challenge-of-various-pdp-y0flwuqh.png Table 1: Features and parameters (per challenge) of various PDP schemes when the server misbehaves by deleting a fraction of an n-block file (e.g., 1% of n). The server and client computation is expressed as the total cost of performing modular exponentiation operations. For simplicity, the security parameter is not included as a factor for the relevant costs. ∗ No security proof is given for this scheme, so assurance of data possession is not confirmed. † The client can ask proof for select symbols inside a block, but cannot sample across blocks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-px-the-probability-of-server-misbehavior-detection-23yln5pd.png Figure 3: PX , the probability of server misbehavior detection. We show PX as a function of n (the number of file blocks) and c (the number of blocks queried by the client, shown as a percentage of n) for two values of t (the number of blocks deleted by the server). Note that each graph has a different scale. https://scispace.com/papers/prox-penalization-and-splitting-methods-for-constrained-f76sxmtbup 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-1-and-2-show-the-evolution-of-the-iterates-un-vn-and-16d4cwrq.png Figures 1 and 2 show the evolution of the iterates (un, vn) and the values Φ(un, vn), respectively. We obtain (0.49, 0.01) and 0.49. The same is done for algorithm (8) to get (0.42, 0.09) and 0.45. The evolution is shown in Figures 3 and 4. https://scispace.com/papers/proximity-eliashberg-theory-of-electrostatic-field-effect-4c8n00fzpx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-dependence-of-the-doping-per-unit-volume-x-red-up-14wmyrpm.png FIG. 5. (a) Dependence of the doping per unit volume x (red up triangles and diamonds) and surface layer thickness ds (blue up triangles and diamonds) on the induced carrier density per unit surface n2D, for two different values of the maximum doping level x0 = 0.3 and x0 = 0.4 e−/unit cell. (b) and (c) Tc versus induced carrier density per unit surface n2D for five different film thicknesses [d = 5 nm (orange stars), d = 10 (blue down triangles), d = 20 nm (red circles), d = 30 nm (green up triangles), and d = 40 nm (black squares)] in the cases x0 = 0.4 and 0.3 e−/unit cell, respectively. (b) and (c) In semilogarithmic scale [log(Tc − 7.2)]. (d) Tc(x = 0.4) − Tc(x = 0.3) versus induced carrier density per unit surface n2D for the five different film thicknesses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-critical-temperature-versus-charge-doping-36g3cq60.png FIG. 4. Calculated critical temperature versus charge doping for five different values of film thickness d = 5 nm (orange stars), d = 10 (blue down triangles), d = 20 nm (red circles), d = 30 nm (green up triangles), and d = 40 nm (black squares) with surface layer thickness ds = dTF[1 +m (x − 0.2)] [(a) m = 1 and (b) m = 4]. The two graphs are in semilogarithmic scale [log(Tc − 7.218)]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-input-parameters-calculated-by-dft-and-tc-calculated-2gr70zyt.png TABLE I. Input parameters calculated by DFT and Tc calculated by Eliashberg theory without proximity effect. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-calculated-critical-temperature-versus-charge-doping-1k3kwn7e.png FIG. 3. (a) Calculated critical temperature versus charge doping for five different values of film thickness d = 5 nm (orange stars), d = 10 (blue down triangles), d = 20 nm (red circles), d = 30 nm (green up triangles), and d = 40 nm (black squares) with surface layer thickness ds = dTF. (b) Calculated critical temperature versus film thickness for four different charge doping (electrons/unitary cell): 0.075 (black squares), 0.150 (red circles), 0.300 (green up triangles), and 0.400 (blue down triangles) with ds = dTF. The two graphs are in semilogarithmic scale [log(Tc − 7.218)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scheme-of-an-edl-gated-superconducting-thin-film-the-1npngq4s.png FIG. 1. Scheme of an EDL-gated superconducting thin film. The layer of adsorbed ions and the surface layer where the carrier density is perturbed (dark green region) compose the EDL. The unperturbed bulk of the film is indicated in light green color. For both layers, we indicate the relevant parameters of the proximity Eliashberg equations (see text for details). Parameters in red, black, and white indicate the free parameters of the model, data obtained from the literature, and the output of the DFT calculations, respectively. Parameters in yellow are obtained from these by simple calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-calculated-pb-electron-phonon-spectral-function-for-2m1fdy5o.png FIG. 2. (a) Calculated Pb electron-phonon spectral function for five different values of charge doping (electrons/unitary cell): 0.00 (violet solid line), 0.075 (blue solid line), 0.15 (green solid line), 0.30 (orange solid line), and 0.40 (red solid line). We also show the experimental electron-phonon spectral function determined via tunneling measurements [60] (black solid line). All curves are shifted by a constant offset equal to one. (b) Calculated values of electron-phonon coupling constants λ (green diamonds) and representative energies ωln (brown pentagons) versus charge doping. (c) Calculated critical temperature versus charge doping for a system without proximity effect. Symbol colors correspond to those used in (a). All dash-dotted lines act as guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/provision-of-flexible-load-control-by-multi-flywheel-energy-5779yuj7m8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-control-model-of-the-system-1xdhzmh8.png Figure 3. Control model of the system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-configuration-of-the-charging-station-with-10bpjkjo.png Figure 1. Configuration of the charging station with dedicated flywheel ESS device and system level control scheme https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hystersis-control-signals-3soj99hs.png Figure 4. Hystersis control signals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dc-link-voltage-43jn7o87.png Figure 5. DC link voltage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-grid-ac-side-current-and-gc-active-power-syn77uy7.png Figure 8. Grid ac-side current and GC active power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-speed-of-flywheels-2xj4bl37.png Figure 6. Speed of flywheels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dc-link-current-of-pev-gc-and-fc-27nf6h5a.png Figure 7. DC link current of PEV, GC and FC https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-real-time-simulation-parameters-xlcfk2xq.png TABLE I. REAL-TIME SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/papers/psychological-autopsy-of-equivocal-deaths-39a6yz8j2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crime-prevention-through-environmental-design-1rinqmhu.png Figure 1: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design https://scispace.com/papers/pruning-the-vocabulary-for-better-context-recognition-1g7iwfxn9t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-the-standard-deviation-for-the-email-ulmgxp1n.png Fig. 1. Distribution of the standard deviation for the email data-set. The distribution for the spam class and the non-spam class varies a lot. The standard deviation is a good discriminator, but probably not general outside this data-set. Using only the standard deviation for classification, the generalization error is 22%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-learning-curves-using-full-and-pruned-vocabularies-1wakjsvm.png Fig. 6. Learning curves using full and pruned vocabularies. Learning curves shows decreased generalization error for a range of training set sizes. For the WebKB, both pruning methods shows consistent reduced generalization error of about 25% for the whole range of training set sizes. For the Email data, pruning decreases the generalization error when using less than 40% of the data-set for training. When 40% or more of the data-set samples are used for training, the generalization error is not reduced further. Noise within the data might prevent classification from further optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-term-relevance-scores-using-scaled-1zoyeofc.png Fig. 4. Distribution of term relevance scores, using scaled sensitivities and information gain, for the Email data. Both distributions have large slender tails, indicating that few terms posses much higher relevancy than others, and intensive pruning should be performed. 10% of the terms have a scaled sensitivity higher than 0.025 and 10% of the terms have information gain higher than 0.008. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-generalization-error-pruning-the-vocabulary-for-the-k2c3n7op.png Fig. 5. Generalization error pruning the vocabulary for the Email and WebKB data, using scaled sensitivities and information gain as term relevance measure. Pruning with use of information gain gives slightly better generalization error than when using scaled sensitivities. Reducing the vocabulary with 90%, using Information gain, is optimal for the Email data-set. The generalization error is then reduced with 26%. For the WebKB data-set the lowest generalization error is found, reducing the vocabulary with 98%, where the error is reduced with 29%. The results were found using 20% of the samples for training. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-the-term-sensitivity-3fzknt79.png Fig. 3. Mean and standard deviation of the term sensitivity. The most relevant terms have consistently high sensitivity in each re-sampling split, i.e., a high mean and relatively low standard deviation. These terms occupy the lower right part of the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-document-distribution-in-feature-30mpbatd.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the document distribution in feature space. Here we show the Email corpus projected onto the 2nd and 4th principal directions. In this projection the ‘spam’ class is well separated while the two other classes in the set (‘conferences’ and ’jobs’) show some overlap. https://scispace.com/papers/pseudonym-generation-scheme-for-ad-hoc-group-communication-39pt32d2t2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-leave-protocol-2ohi9r5v.png Fig. 5. Example of LEAVE Protocol https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-t-ready-for-pseudonym-generation-2t3jt0no.png Fig. 6. Example: T ready for Pseudonym Generation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computation-and-communication-costs-of-the-tgdh-mgsmsxnl.png Table 1. Computation and Communication Costs of the TGDH Protocols https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-computation-of-public-share-si-7v2e64fr.png Table 2. Example: Computation of public share Si https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-broadcasted-hidden-secret-shares-r-1-v-i-1b26f98p.png Table 3. Example: Broadcasted hidden secret shares r〈1,v〉i https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-computation-and-communication-costs-of-the-pseudonym-1wsxjy32.png Table 4. Computation and Communication Costs of the Pseudonym Generation Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-idh-key-tree-of-tgdh-protocol-suite-2mmzxpp2.png Fig. 1. IDH Key Tree of TGDH Protocol Suite https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-optimized-linking-protocol-azg7j1n4.png Fig. 9. Optimized LINKING Protocol https://scispace.com/papers/psychosocial-stress-induced-analgesia-an-examination-of-21kqdxob7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-direct-total-and-mediated-effects-of-condition-tsst-1axujwop.png Table 2. Direct, total, and mediated effects of condition (TSST vs. control) on tolerance and threshold pain with mediators AUCg salivary cortisol and AUCg α-amylase https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pre-and-post-threshold-and-tolerance-levels-and-1r4ztz92.png Table 1. Pre- and post-threshold and tolerance levels and subjective pain ratings in the control and the TSST condition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-within-subject-difference-scores-in-heat-pain-17v8je9n.png Fig. 2. Within-subject difference scores in heat pain threshold and tolerance for the control (grey bars) and the TSST condition (black bars). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-changes-of-stai-state-scores-a-salivary-free-cortisol-2s7zltyv.png Fig. 1. Changes of STAI state scores ( a ), salivary free cortisol ( b ) and activity of α-amylase in saliva over time ( c ) in the TSST (left) and in the control condition (right). https://scispace.com/papers/public-and-private-investment-in-the-hydrocarbon-based-4qbl4fmdxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adf-unit-root-test-1xetro7o.png Table 1: ADF unit root test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-framework-for-testing-causality-r3rw01hp.png Figure 2. Framework for testing causality. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-za-unit-root-tests-2ieeu3n3.png Table 2: ZA unit root tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-overview-of-causality-test-results-2yfzdm4o.png Table 8: Overview of causality test results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-sources-and-periods-with-respect-to-datasets-inx802lq.png Table 3: Data sources and periods with respect to datasets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-public-and-private-investment-in-the-gcc-countries-26xpswc5.png Figure 1: Public and Private Investment in the GCC Countries (1960-2015) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bds-statistic-for-the-public-investment-series-1smma6zy.png Table 6: BDS statistic for the public investment series https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-for-nonlinear-granger-causality-test-2rqqgpz0.png Table 7: Results for nonlinear Granger causality test https://scispace.com/papers/ptbp3-modulates-of-p53-expression-and-promotes-colorectal-4aw05wyziu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2kblbizh.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2iqogroi.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3gl630ai.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-m25rs2hp.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1wwqcsqk.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/public-discourses-of-climate-change-in-hong-kong-3ljeblfh3i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-consensus-statements-of-the-four-factors-r7ct74j5.png Table 1 Consensus statements of the four factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-distinguishing-statements-of-fair-rationalism-factor-149he4uc.png Table 5 Distinguishing statements of fair rationalism (Factor D) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distinguishing-statements-of-popular-optimism-factor-28egqc4p.png Table 4 Distinguishing statements of popular optimism (Factor C) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distinguishing-statements-of-political-pragmatism-1sqh795y.png Table 3 Distinguishing statements of political pragmatism (Factor B) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-distinguishing-statements-of-pure-environmentalism-2trpnh37.png Table 2 Distinguishing statements of pure environmentalism (Factor A) https://scispace.com/papers/public-and-private-policy-change-pension-reform-in-four-15bsfvxl0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-forecasts-of-the-old-age-dependency-ratio-2p8rhop5.png Table 1. Forecasts of the Old Age Dependency Ratio https://scispace.com/papers/public-goods-social-norms-and-naive-beliefs-2spxzqm56v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-esteem-that-agent-a-receives-from-agents-b-and-1z2ayxe2.png Figure 4: The esteem that agent A receives from agents B and C in equilibrium and the esteem he would receive if he invested his level of generosity when E = 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-investment-functions-when-e-1-4-2zv3ldf4.png Figure 6: Investment functions when E = 1.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-investment-function-when-e-0-25-3fa7lcc5.png Figure 3: The investment function when E = 0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-deriving-the-investment-function-when-l-0-9-and-th-31uierhm.png Figure 2: Deriving the investment function when λ = 0.9 and θ = 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-esteem-that-agent-a-receives-from-agents-b-and-jstiar1z.png Figure 7: The esteem that agent A receives from agents B and C in equilibrium and the esteem he would receive if he invested his level of generosity when E = 1.4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-investment-function-when-l-0-2-and-th-0-2-2yvaw957.png Figure 1: The investment function when λ = 0.2 and θ = 0.2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-investment-functions-when-e-1-1rzqcdw3.png Figure 5: Investment functions when E = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/public-research-funding-systems-in-central-and-eastern-1dmdm3q2re 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-market-structure-of-funding-and-performing-2hujytxr.png Table 2. Market structure of funding and performing organisations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-matrix-of-relevance-and-excellence-3sa442ri.png Table 3. Matrix of relevance and excellence https://scispace.com/papers/public-participation-in-the-establishment-and-management-of-15f5qz7sd4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-types-of-participation-at-management-planning-1jddzkbd.png Table 3: Types of participation at management planning https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-types-of-participation-at-formal-national-2y3t846o.png Table 2: Types of participation at formal (national) designation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-types-of-participation-at-proposing-additional-sites-2ufwo1vc.png Table 1: Types of participation at proposing (additional) sites https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aims-of-public-participation-source-newig-2005-474-3i0ggsh8.png Figure 1: Aims of public participation (source: Newig 2005, 474; translation by Herwig Unnerstall) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-types-of-2omuik1e.png Table 4: Advantages and disadvantages of different types of participation https://scispace.com/papers/public-management-on-the-ground-clustering-managers-based-on-17rkrn04cd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-management-measures-survey-items-score-range-scale-zrrd5121.png TABLE A-1 Management Measures. Survey Items, Score Range, Scale Construction, and Reliability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ols-regression-coefficients-and-robust-standard-3d94hi96.png TABLE 3 OLS Regression. Coefficients and Robust Standard Errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-357l987x.png Table A-2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-key-components-of-public-management-and-2g26i1ri.png TABLE 1 Overview of Key Components of Public Management and their Measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cluster-analysis-mean-standard-deviation-in-2f116d7k.png TABLE 2 Cluster Analysis. Mean, Standard Deviation (in Parentheses), and Bonferroni-Dunn Test Results (in Brackets). https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-rotating-the-omitted-category-coefficients-and-19hwrkyg.png TABLE A-3 Rotating the Omitted Category. Coefficients and Robust Standard Errors (in Parenthesis). https://scispace.com/papers/public-service-motivation-and-interpersonal-citizenship-3no9o8m5kw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-model-results-3qw82zx3.png Figure 1: Model Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-survey-respondents-and-agency-2sz0prn0.png Table 1. Characteristics of Survey Respondents and Agency Workforce https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-reliabilities-and-2s4836up.png Table 2. Descriptive Statistics, Reliabilities and Correlations https://scispace.com/papers/publication-bias-in-the-returns-to-r-d-literature-5830cpq4mk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-elasticity-of-r-d-temporal-dimension-rljvbyst.png Figure 3: Elasticity of R&D: Temporal dimension https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-meta-regressions-3ncf3026.png Table 2: Meta-regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-elasticity-of-r-d-level-dimension-1lwaezxy.png Figure 2: Elasticity of R&D: Level dimension https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rates-of-return-to-r-d-2imfrbzn.png Figure 1: Rates of return to R&D https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-combined-estimates-3r06futn.png Table 3: Combined estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-statistics-10c8ihi2.png Table 1: Sample statistics https://scispace.com/papers/published-incidents-and-their-proportions-of-human-error-14hcfcxwkg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-likelihood-of-human-error-ico-data-security-3gm0nxl0.png Figure 1 – Likelihood of human error ICO data security incident trends for all sectors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-likelihood-of-human-error-ico-data-security-2gurqs4l.png Figure 3 – Likelihood of human error ICO data security incident trends for local government https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-human-error-likelihood-of-ico-data-security-incident-5uho7e7o.png Table 3 – Human error likelihood of ICO data security incident trends for all sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mapping-of-ico-data-security-incident-categories-to-39h9bgq1.png Table 2 – Mapping of ICO data security incident categories to human error likelihood https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mapping-of-nhs-siri-2-incidents-to-gisats-3r6oeyg0.png Figure 6 - Mapping of NHS SIRI 2 incidents to GISATs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-heart-gtt-mapping-to-nhs-siri-level-2-incidents-34zuymyo.png Figure 7 – HEART GTT mapping to NHS SIRI level 2 incidents https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-human-error-likelihood-of-ico-data-security-incident-2z4b1und.png Table 6 – Human error likelihood of ICO data security incident trends for health https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-nhs-siri-level-2-incidents-figure-5-proportion-of-t83p2leg.png Table 7 – NHS SIRI level 2 incidents Figure 5 – Proportion of human error for NHS SIRI 2 incidents https://scispace.com/papers/pulling-digital-data-from-a-smart-object-implementing-the-ocjgqifjhb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-semantic-mapping-between-physical-and-virtual-pull-k3gd01ma.png Fig. 2. The semantic mapping between physical and virtual pull action: the virtual pull (i.e., the actual transmission of data from the billboard to the mobile phone) corresponds with and is triggered by the physical pull (i.e., the physical move of the mobile phone away from the billboard) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-downloading-a-movie-trailer-from-a-poster-first-the-3oxz9uez.png Fig. 1. Downloading a movie trailer from a poster: first, the user holds the mobile phone close to a designated area (‘Download Trailer’) on the poster. An acoustic ‘beep’ acknowledges the reciprocal detection of the mobile phone and the device integrated in the poster which offers the download of the trailer (1). The user then physically pulls the device away from the poster, thus confirming that she or he really wants to download the trailer; a virtual connection between the two devices is established subsequently (2). Finally, the trailer is then transmitted to the mobile phone using the already established connection (3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-reciprocal-detection-via-rfid-left-and-the-subsequent-3ryjfcp0.png Fig. 3. Reciprocal detection via RFID (left) and the subsequent transmission of data via Bluetooth (right): first, the billboard and the mobile phone detect each other using RFID technology (i.e., both devices are equipped with RFID readers and RFID tags). This leads to the establishment of a Bluetooth connection between the devices. The second step consists of transmitting data from the billboard device to the mobile phone via Bluetooth after the transmission has been confirmed by the user using the PullMe paradigm. https://scispace.com/papers/pulmonary-hypertension-in-mitral-stenosis-an-optical-1ipb6uxwz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2bbac6bl.png Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-royldx8b.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/pulse-active-transform-pat-a-non-invertible-transformation-u9up39vuzl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pa-transformed-on-ecg-signal-cafsseh3.png Figure 3: PA transformed on ECG signal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-roc-performance-curve-1480jff9.png Figure 4: ROC performance curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-pa-transformed-signal-o2cniwne.png Figure 2: Examples of PA transformed signal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pulse-active-transformation-for-on-ecg-signals-3fox2fkt.png Figure 5: Pulse Active Transformation for on ECG signals https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-biometric-performance-comparison-values-of-figure-4-11ga6avc.png Table I: Biometric performance comparison values of Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pulse-active-transformation-waveform-generation-1romazs5.png Figure 1: Pulse Active Transformation waveform generation https://scispace.com/papers/pulse-pair-beamforming-and-the-effects-of-reflectivity-field-4f6n1vs8nl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-doppler-spectra-from-the-simulation-method-m8xjgy7i.png Figure 2. Example Doppler spectra from the simulation method. Horizontal wind has a speed of 25 ms 1 with 45 azimuth angle with zero vertical velocity. Top panels show the images obtained using Fourier and Capon PPB methods. Radial velocity estimates for the chosen five pixels are listed at the upper right corner of the plot. The true velocity is stated to the right in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reflectivity-model-used-in-the-simulation-comprised-31rkoxcz.png Figure 3. Reflectivity model used in the simulation comprised of two Gaussian-shaped blobs centered at (2 , 4 ), and ( 6 , 4 ) with sx = 2 , sy = 4 , r = 0.75 and sx = 2 , sy = 4 , r = 0.5, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-echo-power-radial-velocity-and-spectral-width-jm8myyud.png Figure 4. Echo power, radial velocity, and spectral width estimate using the PPB method. Radial velocity and spectral width maps are shown for the region with the SNR > 3 dB. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-six-different-reflectivity-patterns-were-simulated-2ir5jtnz.png Figure 10. Six different reflectivity patterns were simulated to study the statistical performance of a variety of reflectivity fields. A uniform wind of 25 ms 1 with f = 45 was used for all six experiments. The arrow in the upper right corner shows the true wind field vector. Patterns A through E were used to simulate random reflectivity field variations. In contrast, pattern F was used to simulate a homogeneous field for comparison. The wind fields obtained using Fourier PPB and Capon PPB are shown in Figure 11, and the RMS error velocities on these patterns are shown in Figure 12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-three-dimensional-wind-field-estimates-obtained-by-18ej3i44.png Figure 6. Three-dimensional wind field estimates obtained by computing the least squares solution for the nine radial velocity estimates from the new PPB method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rms-errors-of-the-two-dimensional-horizontal-wind-935hymh7.png Figure 7. RMS errors of the two-dimensional horizontal wind field estimates from Fourier and Capon https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-fourier-squares-and-capon-triangles-rms-errors-for-7mma1fv7.png Figure 12. Fourier (squares) and Capon (triangles) RMS errors for the six test patterns in Figure 10 as a function of SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-graphical-illustration-of-the-effect-of-angular-121awghm.png Figure 8. Graphical illustration of the effect of angular variations of the reflectivity with respect to horizontal wind. The shaded regions indicate the over and under weighting of radial velocities to the left and right of qo, respectively. This weighting depends on the reflectivity distribution, the wind direction, and the antenna beam pattern and contributes a deterministic bias to the radial velocity estimates. https://scispace.com/papers/pulsed-waveform-generator-based-on-coupled-oscillators-1duxxyikjq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-simulated-left-and-measured-right-waveforms-of-the-21u477mp.png Fig. 5 Simulated (left) and measured (right) waveforms of the coupled oscillators. (a) Pulse obtained for l1 = 181º, l2 = 182º and φ = 25º. (b) Waveforms that conform the pulse in (b). (c) Monocycle for l1 = l2 = 181º and φ = 15º. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-output-signal-of-the-sharpened-waveform-oscillator-3tukr7m1.png Fig. 4 Output signal of the sharpened–waveform oscillator terminated in 50 Ω. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pulse-generator-2-coupled-oscillators-a-schematic-b-2kmy9uv9.png Fig. 3 Pulse generator (2 coupled oscillators). (a) Schematic. (b) Photograph. https://scispace.com/papers/pump-induced-dynamical-tunneling-in-a-deformed-microcavity-42kbz69852 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-a-mode-mode-coupling-model-uncoupled-8cf2zjim.png FIG. 4 (color online). (a) Mode-mode coupling model. Uncoupled chaotic mode En, excited by refractively injecting a pump laser E0, can couple to an uncoupled regular mode Er with a coupling constant gn by dynamical tunneling. (b) Decay rate r and the effective coupling constant g obtained from the pumping-efficiency data for each high-Q cavity mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-phase-space-poincare-surface-of-section-for-our-3d4y78n3.png FIG. 3 (color). Phase space (Poincaré surface of section) for our deformed microcavity is presented in the Birkhoff’s coordinates, in which a ray is reflected off the cavity boundary at polar angle with an incidence angle . Husimi distributions of l ¼ 1, 2, 3 modes are shown in purple, orange, and green, respectively. The red-filled circle indicates the initial bundle of rays and blue lines represent the subsequent pump-beam trajectories. Inset: real-space pump-beam trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-mode-spectrum-of-our-microcavity-b-1engzvzl.png FIG. 1 (color online). (a) Mode spectrum of our microcavity. (b) Magnified view around 600 nm. (c) Pumping-efficiency spectrum obtained by the excitation spectroscopy explained in the text. Each data point represents an averaged value over several measurements with about 15% error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-pumping-efficiency-spatial-distribution-1w8c0rxj.png FIG. 2 (color online). Pumping-efficiency spatial distribution in -X space with the pump wavelength fixed at l ¼ 3 P-mode resonance indicated by a blue arrow in Fig. 1(c). The left-hand figure shows the cross section of the liquid jet. https://scispace.com/papers/punishing-collective-entities-510gysteyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-shaping-institution-level-willingness-to-s3lvssf7.png Table 4. Factors shaping institution level willingness to defer to the police. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-factors-shaping-personal-level-willingness-to-defer-1f62ywbp.png Table 5. Factors shaping personal level willingness to defer to the police. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-antecedents-of-employee-willingness-to-defer-kq5el90m.png Table 1. The antecedents of employee willingness to defer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-judgments-of-ethicality-and-willingness-to-defer-daaq5scz.png Table 2. Judgments of ethicality and willingness to defer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-judgments-of-ethicality-and-undermining-actions-by-3oo4tuxm.png Table 3. Judgments of ethicality and undermining actions by employees. https://scispace.com/papers/pump-speed-optimisation-for-solar-thermal-system-1brkf8q5ut 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-water-density-vs-temperature-8-kmzsvdea.png Figure 10: Water density vs temperature [8] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fail-safe-system-3mf43zvv.png Figure. 3 Fail Safe System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-data-log-9th-to-15th-of-january-2017-2nsjiaio.png Figure. 8 Data log 9th to 15th of January 2017 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-data-log-24th-to-30th-of-june-2017-2i8u8oty.png Figure. 9 Data log 24th to 30th of June 2017 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-block-diagram-of-the-solar-hot-water-system-1p2oolm9.png Figure. 1 Block diagram of the solar hot water system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-data-log-9th-to-15th-of-january-2017-2ppwguyo.png Figure. 11 Data log 9th to 15th of January 2017 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-chart-diagram-37pr8pc3.png Figure. 2 Flow Chart Diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-data-log-24th-to-30th-of-june-2017-pe0qztfy.png Figure. 12 Data log 24th to 30th of June 2017 https://scispace.com/papers/pumping-of-liquids-with-traveling-wave-electroosmosis-1i1uiyo0os 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-velocity-as-a-function-of-frequency-forv0-1-v-2ar0vy6n.png FIG. 4. Measured velocity as a function of frequency forV0=1 V and at a height of 65mm from the electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-boundary-conditions-forf1-andf2-h66b7pzw.png FIG. 7. Boundary conditions forF1 andF2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-measured-velocity-as-a-function-of-voltage-atf-1-khz-1bx93za9.png FIG. 5. Measured velocity as a function of voltage atf =1 kHz for three different heights, and estimated velocity at the level of the electrodes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-illustrating-the-physical-mechanism-of-t0bcsbll.png FIG. 1. Diagram illustrating the physical mechanism of traveling-wave electroosmosis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagram-showing-the-experimental-arrangement-of-an-7ie9j6bk.png FIG. 2. Diagram showing the experimental arrangement of an electrode array used for traveling-wave electroosmosis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pumping-velocityu-sin-units-of-l-k0v0-2-4hd-vs-38xhl0ck.png FIG. 8. Pumping velocityU sin units of L«k0V0 2/4hd vs nondimensional frequencyV in TWEO: sad single mode,sbd square waves applied to electrode array,scd and sinusoidal waves applied to electrode array. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-streamlines-for-the-cases-sad-v-vm-5-sbd-v-5vm-here-vm-1pfygrxs.png FIG. 9. Streamlines for the cases:sad V=VM /5, sbd V=5VM. Here VM =1.45, the nondimensional frequency of maximum velocity. https://scispace.com/papers/purification-and-characterization-of-glutathione-s-1olbpjrd2a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetic-properties-of-gst-froms-ribesii-andm-florea-2eztx0ip.png Table 2 Kinetic properties of GST fromS. ribesii andM. florea https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-purification-of-glutathiones-transferases-froms-uoa93hwu.png Table 1 Purification of glutathioneS-transferases fromS. ribesii andM. florea (substrates: CDNB 0.02 mM and GSH 0.1 mM, 2 g of insect used) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-page-of-purified-gsts-fromm-florea-lane-1-and-1k2ccv6x.png Fig. 1.(a) PAGE of purified GSTs fromM. florea (lane 1) and Syrphus ribesii (lane 2) on a 12% polyacrylamide gel. The sizes(kDa) of molecular mass markers(MW) are indicated. (b) SDS-PAGE of purified GSTs fromM. florea (lane 1) and S. ribesii (lane 2) on a 12% polyacrylamide gel. The sizes (kDa) of molecular mass markers(MW) are indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/purification-and-properties-of-extracellular-lipases-with-1dnono741a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lineweaver-burk-plots-for-pnpp-with-the-r-miehei-nrrl-3b2wxpnv.png Fig. 4. Lineweaver-Burk plots for pNPP with the R. miehei NRRL 5282 (-○-, dotted line) and Rh. oryzae NRRL 1526 (-■ -) lipases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-ph-on-the-pnpp-hydrolyzing-activity-and-rdegt1sh.png Fig. 3. Effect of pH on the pNPP-hydrolyzing activity (-○-) and stability (-■ -) of purified R. miehei NRRL 5282 (A) and Rh. oryzae NRRL 1526 (B) lipases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-initial-rate-of-hydrolysis-of-various-aryl-2z0p8ijq.png Fig. 5. Relative initial rate of hydrolysis of various aryl esters by the lipases of R. miehei NRRL 5282 and Rh. oryzae NRRL 1526. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-influence-of-metal-ions-and-chemical-reagents-on-the-16whupgh.png Table 3. Influence of metal ions and chemical reagents on the pNPP-hydrolyzing activity of R. miehei NRRL 5282 and Rh. oryzae NRRL 1526 lipases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-regioselectivity-of-the-lipases-from-rh-oryzae-nrrl-15gh7hgc.png Fig. 9. Regioselectivity of the lipases from Rh. oryzae NRRL 1526 and R. miehei NRRL 5282. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-effects-of-alcohols-methanol-ethanol-propanol-ihqwceb7.png Fig. 6. Effects of alcohols (-■ - methanol, -□ - ethanol, -▲ - propanol, -△- isopropanol, -◇- butanol, -●- isopentanol, -○- hexanol) on the pNPP-hydrolyzing activity of lipases from R. miehei NRRL 5282 (A) and Rh. oryzae NRRL 1526 (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-effects-of-alkanes-n-hexane-cyclohexane-n-heptane-2xb2md7e.png Fig. 7. Effects of alkanes (-■ - n-hexane, -▲ - cyclohexane, -●- n-heptane, -◆- isooctane) on the pNPP-hydrolyzing activity of lipases from R. miehei NRRL 5282 (A) and Rh. oryzae NRRL 1526 (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effects-of-fatty-acids-x-propionic-acid-myristic-acid-13olfih1.png Fig. 8. Effects of fatty acids (-×- propionic acid, -◆- myristic acid, -○- palmitic acid, -▲ - stearic acid, -■ - linoleic acid) on R. miehei NRRL 5282 (A) and Rh. oryzae NRRL 1526 (B) lipases. https://scispace.com/papers/pushing-the-limits-of-energetic-materials-the-synthesis-and-xnctcawe8e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representation-of-the-solid-state-molecular-structure-2nkwe8kc.png Fig. 1 Representation of the solid state molecular structure of TKX 50 at 100 K. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level; symmetry codes: (i) 2 x, y, 2 z; (ii) x, 0.5 y, 0.5 + z; and (iii) 1 + x, 0.5 y, 0.5 + z. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-toxicity-assessment-of-tkx-50-using-a-luminescent-37ttrnfj.png Fig. 5 Toxicity assessment of TKX 50 using a luminescent bacteria inhibition test. Plot of log G against log c for determination of the EC50 value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-outer-curve-long-term-stability-tsc-plot-of-tkx-50-at-15psl6ce.png Fig. 4 Outer curve: long term stability (TSC plot) of TKX 50 at a temperature of 75 C over a period of 48 h. Inner plot: thermal stability of TKX 50 and RDX shown in the DSC plot (heating rate 5 C min 1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-koenen-test-experimental-setup-b-parts-of-the-koenen-uptrwsuc.png Fig. 3 a) Koenen test experimental setup. (b) Parts of the Koenen steel sleeve before and (d) after the test. (c) Moment of detonation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-small-scale-reactivity-test-of-tkx-50-rdx-and-cl-20-e0yr8777.png Fig. 2 Small scale reactivity test of TKX 50, RDX and CL 20. Above pictures: test setup for the SSRT. Below: dented aluminium blocks after initiation of the explosive with a commercial detonator. https://scispace.com/papers/pv-module-temperature-prediction-at-any-environmental-240jbvyn5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-two-axis-sun-tracking-pv-system-b-bipv-test-cell-x0vmdvvb.png Figure 2. (a) two-axis sun-tracking PV system, (b) BIPV test cell https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-fig-3-for-3-consecutive-days-in-july-l2wtje9u.png Figure 4. Same as Fig.3 for 3 consecutive days in July. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pv-temperature-at-the-cell-tpv-c-back-surface-tpv-b-28ja4f1q.png Figure 3. PV temperature at the cell Tpv,c, back surface Tpv,b and front glass Tpv,f predicted by the simulation algorithm for the sun-tracking PV system during 3 consecutive days in January. The wind speed vw, ambient temperature Ta and solar irradiance on PV plane IT are shown in the subplots. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-thermal-electrical-equivalent-b-pv-module-layers-lolztuoa.png Figure 1. (a)thermal electrical equivalent, (b) PV module layers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-predicted-pv-temperature-by-the-3u3mxbkv.png Figure 5. Comparison of the predicted PV temperature by the proposed simulation algorithm with measured data and predictions by other well-known models [5,6,8] for the 3 consecutive days in January (see Fig.3 for the environmental parameters during this period). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-fig-5-but-for-the-3-consecutive-days-in-i97apnf3.png Figure 6. Same as Fig. 5 but for the 3 consecutive days in July (see Fig.4 for the environmental parameters during this period). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-predicted-pv-temperature-by-the-3s306pa0.png Figure 8. Comparison of the predicted PV temperature by the proposed simulation algorithm with measured data and predictions by other well-known models [5,6,8] for a day in May (see Fig.7 for the environmental parameters during this period). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pv-temperature-at-the-cell-tpv-c-back-surface-tpv-b-qa8nzj28.png Figure 7. PV temperature at the cell Tpv,c, back surface Tpv,b and front glass Tpv,f predicted by the simulation algorithm for the BIPV configuration for a day in May. The wind speed vw, ambient temperature Ta and solar irradiance on PV plane IT and whether the front side is leeward (LW) displayed as 0 or windward (WW) as 1, are shown in the subplots. https://scispace.com/papers/putative-bioactive-conformations-of-amide-linked-cyclic-490aqnxocs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-triangles-formed-by-ring-centroids-of-his88-phe89-1hzt2p63.png Figure 5. Triangles formed by ring centroids of His88, Phe89, and Phe90 for the cyclic APLs [Arg91, Ala96] MBP87-99 (left), [Ala91,96] MBP87-99 (middle), and MBP87-99 (right). Lengths of the sides between the centroids are shown with green lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-representation-of-the-cyclo-87-99-mbp87-99-mhc-2ah3gbst.png Figure 6. Representation of the cyclo(87-99) MBP87-99-MHC model complex. MHC is shown as a cartoon representation, and the cyclo(87-99) MBP87-99 docked peptide is shown as orange. For comparison, the linear peptide MBP85-98 is shown at its crystallographic position as blue. The DRb aminoacids of MHC are shown as lime. His88, Phe89, and Phe90 of both cyclo and linear peptide are labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2d-1h-1h-tocsy-600-and-700-mhz-nmr-of-cyclo-87-99-308ipedt.png Figure 1. 2D 1H-1H TOCSY 600 and 700 MHz NMR of cyclo(87-99) MBP87-99 (left), cyclo(87-99) [Ala91,96] MBP87-99 (middle), and cyclo(87-99) [Arg91, Ala96] MBP87-99 (right) recorded in DMSO-d6 at 298 K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pharmacophore-model-generated-by-the-structural-ptrpqtj4.png Figure 7. Pharmacophore model generated by the structural data obtained from the conformational analysis for the cyclic APLs. Exclusion volume V1 is presented with a gray sphere, feature F1 (Phe90) with a yellow sphere, F2 (Phe89) with cyan, and F3 (Phe88) with a green sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-the-sequential-and-2qtfcett.png Figure 2. Schematic representation of the sequential and medium-range NOE connectivities of cyclo(87-99) MBP87-99, cyclo(87-99) [Ala91,96] MBP87-99, and cyclo(87-99) [Arg91, Ala96] MBP87-99 in DMSO (A, D, and G, respectively). The number of NOE constraints per residue for each peptide for cyclo(87-99) MBP87-99, cyclo(87-99) [Ala91,96] MBP87-99, and cyclo(87-99) [Arg91, Ala96] MBP87-99 is illustrated in B, E, and H, respectively. White, gray, dark gray and black vertical bars represent intraresidue, sequential, and medium-range and long-range connectivities, respectively. NOE ranges for cyclo(87-99) MBP87-99, cyclo(87-99) [Ala91,96] MBP87-99, and cyclo(87-99) [Arg91, Ala96] MBP87-99 are shown in C, F, and I, respectively. All diagrams refer to meaningful NOE constraints extracted fromτm ) 300 ms NOESY. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-family-of-20-energy-minimized-dyana-models-dhjgucfd.png Figure 3. (A) Family of 20 energy-minimized DYANA models calculated for the cyclo(87-99) MBP87-99, cyclo(87-99) [Ala91,96] MBP87-99, and cyclo(87-99) [Arg,91 Ala96] MBP87-99 analogues and (B) the mean energy-minimized cyclo(87-99) MBP87-99, cyclo(87-99) [Ala91,96] MBP87-99, and cyclo(87-99) [Arg91, Ala96] MBP87-99 structures. The figure was generated with the MOLMOL program. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-superimposition-of-the-sequence-88-92-of-the-2knrdwjj.png Figure 4. (A) Superimposition of the sequence 88-92 of the cyclic APLs cyclo(87-99) MBP87-99 (red), cyclo(87-99) [Ala91,96] MBP87-99 (green), and cyclo(87-99) [Arg91, Ala96] MBP87-99 (blue). CR rmsd is 2.09 Å. (B) Superimposition of the sequence 88-92 of the native peptide MBP85-98 obtained from X-ray crystallography (red) and cyclic (87-99) MBP87-99 (green). CR rmsd is 2.26 Å. (C) Superimposition of the sequence 88-92 of the cyclic APLs with their linear counterparts: cyclo(87-99) [Ala91,96] MBP87-99 and [Ala91,96] MBP87-99 (left), cyclo(87-99) [Arg91, Ala96] MBP87-99 and [Arg91, Ala96] MBP87-99 (right). CR rmsd values are 2.19 Å and 1.46 Å, respectively. The linear APLs are colored red, and the cyclic ones are colored green. https://scispace.com/papers/quadrature-nodes-meet-stippling-dots-489jrxrlq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-original-image-right-stippling-result-with-m-dk66a0ub.png Fig. 3. Left: Original image. Right: Stippling result with M = 100000 points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-original-image-right-stippling-result-on-t2-with-uhmazfaq.png Fig. 1. Left: Original image. Right: Stippling result on T2 with M = 20000 dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-original-image-right-stippling-result-with-m-9qooht6i.png Fig. 2. Left: Original image. Right: Stippling result with M = 200000 points. https://scispace.com/papers/quadratic-leaky-integrate-and-fire-neural-network-tuned-with-2oe3frd3xf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-first-8s-of-a-walk-shown-at-100ms-intervals-342oo5ih.png Figure 5: First 8s of a walk, shown at 100ms intervals. Starting at the top-left, the frames progress left to right and then top to bottom. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-on-the-left-are-shown-the-relations-between-joint-qo68meb4.png Figure 1: On the left are shown the relations between joint axes and bodies. On the right is a simulator screenshot of the biped taking a step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-neural-network-topology-ucdldk2d.png Figure 2: Neural network topology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vectors-u-and-v-used-as-input-to-the-neural-network-2owaiole.png Figure 3: Vectors u and v used as input to the neural network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fitness-traces-of-each-of-the-5-evolution-runs-17tfbrdb.png Figure 4: Fitness traces of each of the 5 evolution runs, where lower is better. https://scispace.com/papers/pythagorean-fuzzy-linguistic-muirhead-mean-operators-and-4h681wdsql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ranking-results-by-using-different-methods-1wua97g1.png Table 4: Ranking results by using different methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ranking-results-by-using-different-methods-1ztn2g0g.png Table 5: Ranking results by using different methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ranking-results-by-using-different-parameter-vector-1t8s70wq.png Table 3: Ranking results by using different parameter vector P in PFLDWMM operator https://scispace.com/papers/qualitative-simulation-of-construction-performance-using-3bvpn3er7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-causal-model-1qm4gi2a.png Figure 3: Causal Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-edge-matrix-1ldnz9yc.png Figure 4: The Edge Matrix https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-simple-fcm-concerning-cost-overruns-of-a-2q7xro2o.png Figure 1: A simple FCM concerning cost overruns of a construction project with 5 concept nodes. Edges show the directed causal flow between nodes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concept-categories-and-examples-of-construction-og095l9c.png Table 1: Concept categories and examples of construction performance concepts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fuzcog-user-interface-1vv70ojh.png Figure 2: FuzCog User Interface https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-life-and-poor-oral-health-a-comparison-of-4oar31jkhl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examiner-calibration-data-anova-is-used-to-identify-tpc3ya7k.png Table 1. Examiner Calibration Data ANOVA is used to identify no significant differences between a panel of examiners. T-test is used to identify no significant differences between time 1 and time 2 of each of the examiners. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-quality-of-life-scores-in-the-poor-oral-health-group-3lczq8yt.png Table 5. Quality of life scores in the poor oral health group versus the control. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dental-characteristics-probe-depth-was-not-2cgtbaun.png Table 4. Dental characteristics. Probe depth was not significantly associated with plaque score, frequency of visits, nor were these dental characteristics different between groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-criteria-breakdown-in-the-poor-oral-health-group-2kmnff7v.png Table 2. Criteria breakdown in the poor oral health group based on oral exam (N). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demographics-divided-according-to-poor-oral-health-puik87m7.png Table 3. Demographics divided according to poor oral health and control. https://scispace.com/papers/quality-of-life-measures-eortc-qlq-c30-and-sf-36-as-1xd04w2dh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-cox-regression-model-n-1-4-77-20j3m5g1.png Table 4. Multivariate Cox regression model (n ¼ 77) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-sex-and-baseline-hrqol-scores-by-cancer-3fvh9l3h.png Table 1. Age, sex, and baseline HRQoL scores by cancer diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multivariate-cox-regression-models-with-main-hrqol-1ivf435w.png Table 5. Multivariate Cox regression models with main HRQoL variables and diagnosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-cox-regression-models-individual-hrqol-3cjdcv1j.png Table 3. Univariate Cox regression models: Individual HRQoL scales and survival https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-cox-regression-analyses-of-diagnosis-1jga8g1o.png Table 2. Univariate Cox regression analyses of diagnosis, disease stage, and survival https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-cellular-deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphates-nqc5jjewdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-principle-of-rca-fret-for-dntp-quantification-2m89vser.png Figure 1. A: Principle of RCA-FRET for dNTP quantification (dATP taken as an example). A ssDNA primer hybridizes to the 5-PO4 and 3-OH ends of a specific linear ssDNA padlock probe, leaving a nick https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rca-fret-assay-calibration-curves-for-datp-inside-f37i6pom.png Figure 4. RCA-FRET assay calibration curves for dATP inside CEM-SS cells before and after 24h of treatment with HU. A: FR as a function of the volume fractions of cell extracts inside the entire measuring volume for the determination of FRV (i.e., slopes of the linear fits multiplied by the total measuring volume of 150 µL). B: FR as a function of dNTP concentration for the determination of FRC (i.e., slopes of the linear fits). Determination of FRV and FRC for dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP is shown in Supplementary Figure S3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selectivity-of-dntp-detection-a-d-1000-fold-molar-2nbe3l7i.png Figure 3: Selectivity of dNTP detection. A-D: 1000-fold molar excess of possibly interfering rNTPs (ATP, UTP, CTP and GTP) did not significantly influence the FRET ratio (FR). Only a 1000-fold molar excess of dUTP led to a significant increase of FR for the dTTP sensor (D). In the concentration range of 0-200 nM, dUTP did not result in nonspecific FR signals for dTTP (E). Note: For all dNTP sensors, the corresponding dNTP concentration varied from 0 to 200 nM while concentrations of rNTPs (ATP, UTP, CTP and GTP) and dUTP were kept constant at 200 µM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-concentrations-of-four-dntps-in-cell-extracts-hxdl7i5u.png Figure 5. The concentrations of four dNTPs in cell extracts of CEM-SS cells that were treated for different periods of time (30 or 120 min) with different concentrations of auranofin (0 µM auranofin corresponds to untreated control samples). All values (including comparative measurements with HPLC) are also shown in Supporting Table S1. Auranofin was dissolved in DMSO. The final concentration of DMSO was <0.1% and had no any impact on cell growth and proliferation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calibration-curves-of-rca-fret-dntp-assays-a-datp-b-1eu24gx5.png Figure 2. Calibration curves of RCA-FRET dNTP assays (A: dATP, B: dTTP, C: dCTP, D: dGTP) in reaction buffer without (red dots) and with (blue squares) 2 µL of cell extracts (from ~70,000 cells). The FRET ratios (FR) were calculated from time-gated (TG) intensities of Cy5.5 acceptor and Tb donor PL (cf. Equation 1). Concentration-dependent PL decay curves of Cy5.5 acceptor and Tb-donor are shown in Figure S1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-concentrations-of-dntps-in-cem-ss-cell-extracts-3evevu63.png Table 3. Concentrations of dNTPs in CEM-SS cell extracts before and after HU treatment for 24h. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lods-three-standard-deviations-above-background-n-30-2luzi1vk.png Table 2. LODs (three standard deviations above background, n=30) for the four dNTPs measured in reaction buffer alone or added with a small volume of cell extracts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sequences-of-dna-oligonucleotides-used-in-this-study-2agkctwo.png Table 1. Sequences of DNA oligonucleotides used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/quality-utility-modelling-for-multimedia-applications-for-1cb6vx403i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quality-utility-validation-2nl4opic.png Figure 6. Quality Utility – Validation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-heterogeneous-wireless-environment-2emcukt3.png Figure 1. Heterogeneous Wireless Environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-the-subjective-quality-assessment-8-7aiyohyx.png Figure 5. Results of the Subjective Quality Assessment [8] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-encoding-settings-for-the-multimedia-test-sequences-5xqy6dv2.png TABLE 1. ENCODING SETTINGS FOR THE MULTIMEDIA TEST SEQUENCES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zone-based-quality-sigmoid-utility-function-1umt3exh.png Figure 2. Zone-based quality sigmoid utility function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-test-sequences-used-for-the-subjective-study-x7viuo4t.png Figure 4. Test sequences used for the subjective study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variable-resolution-encoding-example-1hjkftwt.png Figure 3. Variable Resolution Encoding - Example https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-objective-and-subjective-results-2zmpnrtz.png TABLE 2. OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE RESULTS https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-diffusion-weighted-images-dwi-and-apparent-40him717j8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-segmentation-of-stroke-patient-on-mr-dwi-a-original-b1hcadf3.png Figure 3. Segmentation of stroke patient on MR DWI. (a) Original input image; (b) Re-oriented image with identified significant difference; (c) Final segmented region after the RDM-based segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-original-rdm-processed-and-ground-truth-images-dwi-1zwpam2s.png Figure 4. Original, RDM processed and Ground Truth Images: DWI (1), RDM DWI segmentation area (2), ADC map (3), RDM ADC segmentation area (4), Expert 1 delineated DWI Ground Truth (5) and Expert 2 delineated Ground Truth (6) for all seven sets. Set #6 with a very small pontine infarct was difficult to process with the RDM method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-measurements-for-expert-1-ground-truth-gt-24n27795.png Table 2. Accuracy measurements for Expert 1 ground truth (GT) as compared with the RDM DWI segmentation algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-input-dwi-images-and-adc-maps-depicting-common-fkxm4ybg.png Figure 1. Input DWI images and ADC maps depicting common infarct patterns: DWI images (a, c, e, g, I, k, m) and corresponding ADC maps (b, d, f, h, j, l, n) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-chart-of-rdm-based-segmentation-method-xj0xyrii.png Figure 2. Flow chart of RDM-based segmentation method. https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-new-and-archived-diaphorina-citri-2smad9kbzy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-four-statistically-significant-differentially-3pfj0wfw.png Table 3: Four statistically significant, differentially expressed genes from v3.0 midgut alignment were subject to BLAST to find their v1.1 genome equivalent gene IDs, and their total read counts, adjusted p-values, and Log2FoldChanges are compared. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-number-of-raw-and-trimmed-reads-from-20s9cue1.png Table 2: Comparison of number of raw and trimmed reads from all biological replicates analyzed, as well as percent alignment, number of transcripts, and number of up and down regulated transcripts from both the v1.1 and v3.0 genome analysis of D. citri CLas (+) midguts. https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-pharmaceutical-related-biological-activity-jzohy8tv4y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-between-predicted-propranolol-eqs-and-3k6kayqc.png Figure 3. Comparison between predicted propranolol-EQs and measured 415 propranolol-EQs. 416 Predicted propranolol-EQs of samples ID1–4, 7, and 8 were calculated based on the concentrations 417 of propranolol, metoprolol, and atenolol in these samples (SI Table S4), and their relative potency 418 (RP) values. Propranolol is not considered to calculate predicted propranolol-EQs for samples ID3 and 419 7, because the concentration data is not available for these samples. RP values of propranolol, 420 metoprolol, and atenolol to propranolol are 1.0, 1.3× 10-1, and 2.0× 10-2, respectively. Measured 421 propranolol-EQ values are from SI Table S3. 422 423 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-gpcrs-and-standard-chemicals-used-in-this-study-and-5jd68nu6.png Table 1. GPCRs and standard chemicals used in this study, and their EC50, EC20, IC50, 153 IC20, and relative potency values 154 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-sulpiride-eqs-and-concentration-2plnyrxb.png Figure 2. Comparison between sulpiride-EQs and concentration of sulpiride (antagonist for D2 384 receptor), and pirenzepine-EQs and concentration of pirenzepine (antagonist for M1 385 receptor). 386 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-antagonistic-activities-of-wastewater-3cc2swx8.png Figure 1. Summary of antagonistic activities of wastewater extracts. 356 https://scispace.com/papers/quantification-of-semet-and-secys-in-biological-fluids-and-2fg9b4xwl9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3if5n3j9.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ftba5iwz.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1kird6vn.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/quantified-differential-invariants-1yivipqt6e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-differential-invariant-f-3qdxwyql.png Figure 2: Differential invariant F https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-new-appearance-during-collision-avoidance-3hn9b8rf.png Figure 1: New appearance during collision avoidance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-proof-for-collision-freedom-of-roundabout-collision-3loli5sz.png Figure 5: Proof for collision freedom of roundabout collision avoidance maneuver circle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proof-rules-using-quantified-differential-ja5pfgct.png Figure 4: Proof rules using quantified differential invariants for distributed hybrid systems https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-molecular-stiffness-and-interaction-with-lateral-17gnpaw0mt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-modeling-the-lfm-process-a-in-our-model-the-final-tip-2yxcu2gy.png Fig. 3. Modeling the LFM process. (A) In our model, the final tip atom to which the CO is bound is set at (x, z). The tip CO molecule is allowed to relax by an angle θT, and the surface molecule to relax by an angle θS. (B) LFM data above the CO molecule as a function of vertical distance (z). Solid red points are experimental and the blue curve is the calculated output. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-environmental-and-financial-benefits-of-using-3759snfuss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-porter-and-cycle-courier-capacity-and-speed-35lafuk2.png Table 1. Porter and cycle courier capacity and speed assumptions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-bicycle-courier-with-620l-container-monday-7th-cm3iahxm.png Table 7. Bicycle courier with 620L container, Monday 7th January 2019 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-quadcycle-courier-with-1000l-container-monday-7th-2xibu3x3.png Table 8. Quadcycle courier with 1000L container, Monday 7th January 2019 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assumed-vehicle-equipment-costs-33llmfk5.png Table 2. Assumed vehicle/equipment costs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-case-study-area-in-central-london-delivery-11ub7mtn.png Figure 1. Case study area in central London (delivery locations of 7 carrier rounds, 7-11 January 2019 and proposed CDPs (black circles)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-comparison-of-modelled-results-business-as-2kr7juoa.png Table 4. Summary comparison of modelled results (business-as-usual against mixed van and portering/cycle courier operations) for Monday 7th January to Friday 11th January 2019. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-savings-of-modelled-results-business-as-1glvj9wo.png Figure 3. Percentage savings of modelled results (business-as-usual against mixed van and portering/cycle courier operations). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-time-hh-mm-spent-by-the-seven-vans-in-delivery-53hqn0rr.png Table 3. Total time (hh:mm) spent by the seven vans in delivery area, 7-11 January 2019 and number of consignments per van (in parentheses). https://scispace.com/papers/quantile-estimation-based-on-the-principles-of-the-search-on-4x0uh5hsvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-this-figure-depicts-the-variation-of-the-estimation-2wjggyrl.png Fig. 2. This figure depicts the variation of the estimation error with time n for the quantile of 70% for the DQE (N = 30, N = 100 and N = 1000) and for the EWSA (λ = 0.01, λ = 0.05 and λ = 0.1) for (a) uniform distribution, (b) normal distribution, (c) exponential distribution, (d) Chi− Square distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-this-figure-depicts-the-variation-of-the-estimation-3jhs811a.png Fig. 1. This figure depicts the variation of the estimation error with time n for the quantile of 80% for the DQE (N = 30, N = 100 and N = 1000) and for the EWSA (λ = 0.01, λ = 0.05 and λ = 0.1) for (a) uniform distribution, (b) normal distribution, (c) exponential distribution, (d) Chi− Square distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-this-figure-depicts-the-variation-of-the-estimation-3fztpvcn.png Fig. 4. This figure depicts the variation of the estimation error with time n for the quantile of 95% for the DQE (N = 30, N = 100 and N = 1000) and for the EWSA (λ = 0.01, λ = 0.05 and λ = 0.1) for (a) uniform distribution, (b) normal distribution, (c) exponential distribution, (d) Chi− Square distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-this-figure-depicts-the-variation-of-the-estimation-ld6xm94f.png Fig. 3. This figure depicts the variation of the estimation error with time n for the quantile of 90% for the DQE (N = 30, N = 100 and N = 1000) and for the EWSA (λ = 0.01, λ = 0.05 and λ = 0.1) for (a) uniform distribution, (b) normal distribution, (c) exponential distribution, (d) Chi− Square distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-effect-of-disruptions-to-temporal-coherence-7pvyxeo7oi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-bitrate-at-each-combination-of-encoding-2dj4q31z.png Table 1. Average bitrate at each combination of encoding parameters. Because the objective intelligibility measure of each frame was held constant, increasing the frame rate results in an increase in bitrate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-frame-taken-from-videos-at-each-of-the-three-36jj6jv1.png Figure 2. Sample frame taken from videos at each of the three levels of objective intelligibility. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-measure-of-the-goodness-of-the-fit-r2-for-each-rwuaf42v.png Table 2. A measure of the goodness of the fit (R2) for each frame rate and the parameters corresponding to the linear fits. R 2 is relatively unaffected by fixing the slope and fitting only over the intercepts. Fixing the slope provides a consistent model of subjective versus objective intelligibility at every frame rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-offset-calculated-from-the-sigmoidal-fit-in-a-1acp31rv.png Figure 3. The offset calculated from the sigmoidal fit in (a) is applied to the measured objective intelligibility. The linear fit on the entire data set (all frame rates) achieves a correlation coefficient of 0.853, as illustrated in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-frame-rate-offset-model-in-figure-3-a-is-34eabvnc.png Figure 4. The frame rate offset model in Figure 3(a) is applied to a test data set consisting of videos at 10 and 15 fps. The independent linear fits for each frame rate is illustrated in (a). The model successfully combines intelligibility at different frame rates, as demonstrated by the high correlation coefficient in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-three-types-of-background-qualities-3s243q3h.png Figure 1. Comparison of three types of background qualities. Intelligibility is unaffected when background distortions are small or are uncorrelated with co-located blocks in the previous frame. Intelligibility is reduced when compression artifacts disrupt the temporal coherence of motion. https://scispace.com/papers/quantile-autocovariances-a-powerful-tool-for-hard-and-soft-846jkrj3ky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-membership-degrees-in-clustering-of-the-daily-change-3r4lm7lj.png Table 9 Membership degrees in clustering of the daily change series in levels of O3 (C = 2 and m = 2.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-membership-degrees-for-cluster-c1-in-clustering-of-the-1ux70iav.png Fig. 6. Membership degrees for cluster C1 in clustering of the daily changes in levels of O3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sample-autocovariances-a-and-sample-quantile-soufxffn.png Fig. 1. Sample autocovariances (a) and sample quantile autocovariances γ̂1(τ, τ ′) for τ = 0.1 (b), 0.5 (c) and 0.9 (d), obtained from simulated realizations of a Gaussian white noise process, a GARCH-type process and an exponential GARCH with Gaussian innovations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-indexes-of-clustering-quality-in-the-monte-carlo-2vlejz8t.png Table 1 Indexes of clustering quality in the Monte-Carlo simulation with series of length T = 250. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-membership-degrees-in-clustering-of-the-daily-13c1adzm.png Table 10 Membership degrees in clustering of the daily change series in levels of NO2 (C = 2 and m = 2.2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-membership-degrees-for-cluster-c1-in-clustering-of-the-14ga2b7o.png Fig. 7. Membership degrees for cluster C1 in clustering of the daily changes in levels of O3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-membership-degrees-in-clustering-of-the-daily-eld6d4vm.png Table 11 Membership degrees in clustering of the daily returns of 24 stocks included in the IBEX-35 (C = 3, m = 1.5 for AR–FCMdC and m = 2 for GARCH–FCMdC and QAF–FCMdC). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-daily-series-of-o3-levels-transformed-by-taking-one-38mnbn0v.png Fig. 3. Daily series of O3 levels transformed by taking one regular difference. https://scispace.com/papers/quantifying-the-role-of-nanotubes-in-nano-nano-composite-1lz2uwh5mh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-characterization-of-liquid-exfoliated-co-oh-2-57oiso89.png Figure 1. Characterization of liquid exfoliated Co(OH)2 nanosheets. (a) Structure of single layer Co(OH)2. Green, cobalt; yellow, oxygen; gray, hydrogen. (b) Digital image of Co(OH)2 nanosheet dispersion. (c) Typical TEM image of Co(OH)2 nanosheets and (d) TEM-based nanosheet length histogram. (e) AFM-based histogram of Co(OH)2 nanosheet thickness, presented as number of monolayers per nanosheet. Inset: AFM-based nanosheet length histogram. (f) SEM image of a vacuum filtered film of exfoliated Co(OH)2 nanosheets. (g) Raman spectra of original Co(OH)2 powder and the filtered film of exfoliated Co(OH)2 nanosheets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3d-plots-of-the-resistance-limited-areal-fhmecrb5.png Figure 5. 3D plots of the resistance-limited areal capacitance of Co(OH)2/SWNT composite electrodes as a function of combinations of scan rate, volume fraction and electrode thickness. These plots was generated using the models and fit parameters discussed in the text, as described in more detail in the SI, and are calculated each fixing one of the three variables as indicated in the panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-thickness-dependent-supercapacitor-performance-84uj46cy.png Figure 4. The thickness-dependent supercapacitor performance of Co(OH)2/SWNT composite electrodes. (a) Cyclic voltammograms for Co(OH)2/SWNT film electrodes with thickness of 573, 2616, 10991 nm at 1000 mV s-1. (b) Measured capacitance, normalised to electrode mass plotted versus scan-rate for composite electrodes with a range of thickness. In b, the lines represent fits to Equation (1). (c) Ratio of time constant to intrinsic areal capacitance (both from fits to equation 1) plotted versus thickness for composite electrodes. In c, the line represents a plot of Equation (1) using the parameters given in the panel. In addition, the circles enclose those data points representing electrodes which were clearly not solely electrically limited. As such Equation (1) no longer applies. (d) Same data as (b) with the lines representing fits to Equation (8). (e-g) Fit parameters associated with Equation (8). The line in (f) is a plot of Equation (2) using the parameters in the figure and substituting t using / filmM A t . The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-effect-of-swnt-content-on-the-performance-of-co-3ctwddql.png Figure 3. The effect of SWNT content on the performance of Co(OH)2 nanosheet supercapacitor electrodes. (a) Relationship between mean electrode thickness and nanotube mass fraction for Co(OH)2 nanosheets/nanotube films. Insets: Volume fraction (upper) and density (lower) as a function of mass fraction. The solid line in the upper inset represents fM . This data means we can model the electrode thickness using 0 1 0( )t t t t , with t0=0.92 m and t1-t0=3.2 m. (b) Dry in-plane electrical conductivity of Co(OH)2 nanosheet/nanotube composite films as a function of nanotube mass fraction. Inset: Percolation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-thickness-dependent-supercapacitor-performance-o86uwxqr.png Figure 2. The thickness-dependent supercapacitor performance for electrodes assembled from Co(OH)2 nanosheets. (a) Relationship between mean electrode thickness and mass loading for films of Co(OH)2 nanosheets. (b-c) Cyclic voltammetry curves, measured at various rates, for Co(OH)2 nanosheet electrodes with thickness of 120 (b) and 5360 nm (c). (d-e) Measured capacitance, normalised to both electrode mass (d) and geometric area (e), plotted versus scanrate for Co(OH)2 electrodes with a range of thickness. In d-e, the lines represent fits to Equation (1). (f-g) Intrinsic areal capacitance (f) and time constant (g), as extracted from the fits in d-e, plotted as function of electrode mass loading. (h) Ratio of time constant to intrinsic areal capacitance plotted versus thickness of Co(OH)2 nanosheet electrodes. The line is a fit to equation 2. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-and-financial-evaluation-of-non-timber-forest-3mip0mhomh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-to-show-location-of-study-area-in-iran-2ewkyiib.png Fig. 1 Map to show location of study area in Iran https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculation-of-harvestable-product-and-cost-of-ntfps-zyg5nt66.png Table 3 Calculation of harvestable product and cost of NTFPs in Zemkan basin forests https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculation-of-sale-price-and-profit-of-harvestable-6o1bf7c3.png Table 4 Calculation of sale price and profit of harvestable NTFPs in Zemkan basin forests https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-collection-and-examinations-in-different-64qf1cfh.png Table 1 Data collection and examinations in different sections https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-calculation-of-economic-rent-of-ntfps-of-zemkan-jgvkhzjr.png Table 5 Calculation of economic rent of NTFPs of Zemkan basin forests https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-potential-profit-and-annual-portion-from-ntfps-per-1p5uofhc.png Table 7 Potential profit and annual portion from NTFPs per family https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-most-important-ntfps-of-the-zemkan-basin-a-saqez-nmz0f4pr.png Fig. 2 The most important NTFPS of the Zemkan basin. a Saqez harvesting by the traditional method. b Wild pistachio fruit. c Oak seeds to feed domesticated animals. d Oak syrup (shokeh manna) in different forms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-exploited-products-and-tools-used-2jw8ourr.png Table 2 Exploited products and tools used https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-assessment-of-mucosal-architecture-using-4dch8aptdt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cryptometry-of-different-groups-control-p-atients-6k0rmx1n.png Table 2: Cryptometry of different groups (control p atients, overall IBD patients, CD patients and UC p atients) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-univariate-and-multivariate-roc-analyses-o-f-11jfgn1n.png Table 3: Univariate and multivariate ROC analyses o f controls and IBD patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-univariate-and-multivariate-roc-analyses-o-f-12b0x4nj.png Table 4: Univariate and multivariate ROC analyses o f Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease groups. The multivariate logistic regression from the wall thickness requires 7 parameters (bold) to increase the AUROC to 97.16% to discriminate ulcerative colitis from Crohn’s Disease. ICD: intercrypt distance; FLCM: fluorescein leakage through the colonic mucosa; COV: coefficient of variation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subjects-characteristics-2jwzu5eo.png Table 1: Subjects’ characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-comparison-of-tandem-mass-spectra-obtained-on-1s8c80fxx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-similarity-of-tandem-mass-spectra-of-leucine-2oomcy9n.png Fig 1. Similarity of tandem mass spectra of leucine enkephalin (YGGFL) measured a) on the same QTOF type instrument, but in one year distance in time, b) on two QQQ type instruments (Waters and Agilent), both obtained at 13 eV collision energy, c) on 2 different QQQ instruments using collision energies which gives the most similar spectra (collision energies are 13 and17 eV respectively), d) on QQQ and Ion Trap instruments (the collision voltage on IT was tuned to give the best similarity index). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-breakdown-curves-of-leucine-enkephalin-measured-on-a-2ijghwsg.png Fig. 6. Breakdown curves of leucine enkephalin measured on a) Waters QQQ and b) Bruker ion trap instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-similarity-indices-show-a-as-a-3d-contour-map-and-b-as-1b9jzzla.png Fig 2. Similarity indices show a) as a 3D contour map and b) as a “heat map” for all combinations of collision energies determined on Waters and Agilent QQQ type instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-similarity-indices-shown-a-as-a-3d-contour-map-and-b-2496pjhz.png Fig. 5. Similarity indices shown a) as a 3D contour map and b) as a “heat map” for all combinations of collision energies determined on Waters QQQ and Bruker ion trap instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-combination-of-collision-energies-which-yields-the-czbhb79c.png Fig 3. a) Combination of collision energies, which yields the most similar spectra on the two QQQ type instruments (Waters and Agilent), b) the calculated similarity indices at these combination of collision energies plotted as a function of collision energy on Agilent QQQ instrument. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-developmental-response-to-the-length-of-38leutgl36 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-the-photoperiod-treatments-all-treatments-dtzmqwex.png Fig. 1. Diagram of the photoperiod treatments. All treatments received 9 h of natural radiation (closed bars) with the photoperiod being extended by 10 h (open bars) producing the long photoperiod (19 h) treatment for the number of days indicated, thereafter grown under the short (9 h) photoperiod until heading. Note that the axis for barley is displaced 3 days to the left (i.e. treatments were imposed 3 days after sowing later in barley than in wheat). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relationship-between-the-cumulative-number-of-leaves-p4jeeg6c.png Fig. 5. Relationship between the cumulative number of leaves on the main stem (Haun stage) and time from sowing for wheat (a) and barley (b) plants being exposed to 0 (always under 9-h photoperiod, closed symbols) or 22 long days (2 weeks under short photoperiod followed by 3 weeks of 19-h photoperiod days and then back to 9 h, open symbols). Calculated values of phyllochron for leaves emerged before (earlier leaves) and after (later leaves) the break in rate of leaf emergence on the main stem plotted against the length of exposure to long-day cycles in wheat (c) and barley (d ). Numbers between parentheses indicate the number of leaves to have emerged after the switch from fast to slow phyllochron. Note that plants exposed to more than 10–12 cycles only have a single, relatively short phyllochron as their Haun stages were linearly related to time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relationship-between-the-rate-of-spikelet-initiation-32pfi4oe.png Fig. 4. Relationship between the rate of spikelet initiation and the length of the exposure to long-day cycles in wheat (circles) and barley (squares). The rates were calculated by regression of accumulated number of primordia and time from collar to terminal spikelet appearance (wheat) or to awn initiation (barley), when the maximum number of spikelet primordia was reached. Bars show the standard error of the rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-days-from-sowing-to-maximum-number-of-primordia-or-4349kmlt.png Fig. 3. Days from sowing to maximum number of primordia or terminal spikelet initiation for wheat and barley, respectively (open symbols) and from then to heading (closed symbols) v. the length of the exposure to long-day cycles in wheat (circles) and barley (squares). Solid lines were fitted by linear regression. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-time-to-heading-and-the-length-of-3npe64zd.png Fig. 2. Relationship between time to heading and the length of the exposure to long-day cycles in wheat (circles) and barley (squares). Solid lines were fitted by linear (barley) or tri-linear models (wheat). Parameters of the regression are shown in the inset table. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-optical-coherence-tomography-angiography-of-4ca4vfqrf5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relationship-between-nerve-fibre-layer-thickness-3auremc5.png Figure 4 – Relationship between nerve fibre layer thickness and radial 2 peripapillary capillary density using pooled data from all groups. Each data point 3 represents a single measurement from one of the 8 peripapillary regions. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-structural-changes-to-radial-peripapillary-24mk8d9w.png Figure 3 – Structural changes to radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) in 3 unilateral glaucoma. The right optic disc (Top row, first image) demonstrates a myopic 4 tilt however the automated Humphrey visual field test (Second row, first image) appears 5 normal. Speckle variance OCT-A images of RPCs (Third row, first image) and the deep 6 capillary plexus (Fourth row, first image) in the superotemporal peripapillary region are 7 within the normal range. The left glaucomatous eye also demonstrates tilting (Top row, 8 second image) but an inferior field defect is seen on visual field examination (Second 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-manual-tracing-techniques-for-quantifying-radial-1lkv1mz0.png Figure 2 – Manual tracing techniques for quantifying radial peripapillary capillary 2 (RPC) density. Radial peripapillary capillaries are seen in the speckle variance OCT-A 3 image of a normal eye (Top). Manual tracing of RPCs (Center; red) were performed, 4 the results of which were used to express the density of RPCs as a percentage of the 5 total tissue area (Bottom). Note that large vessels were excluded from the tracing. 6 Scale bar = 300 μm. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-visual-field-index-and-radial-1yb9ijgu.png Figure 5 – Relationship between visual field index and radial peripapillary 2 capillary density using only subjects in groups A and B. Each data point represents 3 a single measurement from one of the 8 peripapillary regions. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-imaging-through-a-spectrograph-1-principles-and-547u45tokd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-strip-by-strip-linear-bayesian-deconvolution-of-fig-3-3ageufll.png Fig. 6. Strip-by-strip linear Bayesian deconvolution of Fig. 3(d) with the spectrum of Fig. 3(b). Right to left, results for three ratios c t / t , ranging from (a) too low (c t / t = 1 count-1) to (b) best (c t / t = 6 counts-1) to (c) too high (c t / t = 800 counts-1). Above the images are the single-strip cross sections (similar to those in Figs. 3 and 4), and on top of them are their power spectra for the first halves of k components. The images are scaled individually, but the traces are all on the same linear gray scale. The left ordinates of the power spectra are omitted to show the similarity of the barely filtered, low-k components. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-risk-prognostics-framework-based-on-petri-net-288lbyc4d3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-a-bow-tie-model-j7t4lxsu.png Figure 1. The structure of a Bow-Tie model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphical-representation-of-transitions-3rc96iqb.png Figure 4. Graphical representation of transitions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-simplified-diagram-of-a-traction-lift-3t7dmnf9.png Figure 6. Simplified diagram of a traction lift https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-cumulative-frequency-of-lift-getting-stuck-between-15qdpwf5.png Figure 19. Cumulative frequency of lift getting stuck between the landings over 30 days (on the left hand side) and component failures causing the top event (on the right hand side) for scenario #2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-cumulative-frequency-of-lift-getting-stuck-between-3q7q6qrd.png Figure 20. Cumulative frequency of lift getting stuck between the landings over 30 days (on the left hand side) and component failures causing the top event (on the right hand side) for scenario #3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-probability-density-function-of-lift-movement-1b7yw92f.png Figure 11. Probability density function of lift movement frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-system-failure-petri-net-for-a-lift-22tqfuos.png Figure 17. System failure Petri Net for a lift https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-for-monte-carlo-simulation-3oie3trj.png Table 1. Parameters for Monte Carlo simulation https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-studies-of-apparent-rotational-temperatures-of-1k4p11qhku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-isointensity-plots-and-apparent-temperatures-for-r-3rdyfm2s.png FIG. 12. Isointensity plots and apparent temperatures for r=5X102, 1X1oa, and 2X1oa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-ratio-lmax-k-imax-1-as-a-function-of-k-for-the-p-l-3ac1syi3.png FIG. 6. The ratio lmax(K)/Imax(1) as a function of K for the P l branch, (0,0) band, 2~-->2II transitions of OH at 30000K for different values of .'(1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-the-quantity-as-a-function-of-pm-xx-1o5cnyms.png FIG. 16. The quantity ~ as a function of Pm.xX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-ratio-a-k-a-1-as-a-function-of-k-for-the-p-branch-284box0l.png FIG. 7. The ratio A(K)/A(1) as a function of K for the P, branch, (0,0) band, 21;->2JI transitions of OH at 30000 K for different values of .'(1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-plot-of-eu-k-eu-k-vs-log-gu-k-qlu-k-2-gu-k-x-qlu-k-2-1eojr6p1.png FIG. 9. Plot of [Eu(K) - Eu(K')] vs log{gu(K)[qlu(K)]2/gu(K') X [qlu(K') ]2} for lines with equal total intensities at 30000K as a function of .'(1) for the PI branch, (0,0) band, 21;->'lJI transitions ofGH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-conventional-plots-for-the-interpretation-of-emission-1owlcht4.png FIG. 15. Conventional plots for the interpretation of emission experiments with two adjacent isothermal regions at 1500 and 3000oK, respectively, for e(K = 1) =0.9 for the PI branch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-apparent-population-temperatures-t-obtained-from-242113u5.png TABLE I. Apparent population temperatures T"' obtained from lines with 10 ~ K ~ 18 for the PI branch, (0,0) band, and 2l:--.2II transitions of OH at 30oooK, as a function of assumed values ofE'(I).· https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-conventional-plots-and-apparent-temperatures-for-23akqlvc.png FIG. 10. Conventional plots and apparent temperatures for various bimodal distributions of OR. https://scispace.com/papers/quantitative-secretome-analysis-establishes-the-cell-type-299e5sl2cj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-secretome-of-brain-slices-1018-a-hispecs-dda-and-1ns61z4m.png Fig. 7: The secretome of brain slices. 1018 A) hiSPECS DDA and DIA analysis of brain slice cultures in the presence of 25% serum. The bar 1019 chart comparing the hiSPECS DDA and DIA method indicates the protein number and their 1020 localization according to UniProt identified in the secretome of brain slices. Proteins quantified in 1021 at least 5 of 6 biological replicates are considered. 1022 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mapping-of-murine-csf-proteins-to-their-probable-cell-9su4x1we.png Fig. 6: Mapping of murine CSF proteins to their probable cell type origin. 996 A) Protein dynamic range plot of the log10 transformed LFQ intensities of the murine CSF proteins 997 quantified in at least 3 of 4 biological replicates measured with DIA. The proteins are split into 998 quartiles according to their intensities, with the 1st quartile representing the 25% most abundant 999 proteins. The percentage of proteins annotated in UniProt with the following subcellular 1000 locations/keywords are visualized for: membrane, secreted, cytoplasm, and glycoprotein. 1001 https://scispace.com/papers/quantization-of-fermions-on-kerr-space-time-plfeo6z4gi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-expectation-values-tun-cch-b-for-components-of-the-2vl9vk1c.png FIG. 8. The expectation values 〈T̂µν〉CCH −−B− for components of the stress-energy tensor (multiplied by various powers of ∆ (2.2); note that we do not claim that the power of ∆ used necessarily corresponds to the rate of divergence of the components near the horizon), using the expressions (C15–C22) with L = +1 (for L = −1, all components have the same values). The parameters used and format of the plots are the same as in Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-regularity-properties-of-quantum-states-for-fermions-acmkdbjc.png TABLE I. Regularity properties of quantum states for fermions on a non-extremal Kerr black hole. A X indicates that the state is well-defined in this region, whereas a ✗ indicates that it is divergent. The notation SoL means ‘speed-of-light surface’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ratio-test-to-examine-the-divergence-regularity-of-300ps6z7.png FIG. 5. Ratio test to examine the divergence/regularity of expectation values of quantum states, for the stress-energy tensor component 〈T̂θθ〉. The differences in expectation values for the six states defined in Eqs. (4.18–4.23) are considered. In particular, these are: (a) 〈T̂θθ〉U −−B− , (b) 〈T̂θθ〉CCH −−B− , (c) 〈T̂θθ〉B−B − , (d) 〈T̂θθ〉H−B − , (e) 〈T̂θθ〉H−B, (f) 〈T̂θθ〉H−B̃. In each case, the ratio ρℓ (4.30) is plotted for ℓ ∼ 20 as a function of r, θ, where z = r cos θ and x = r sin θ. The axis of rotation of the black hole is a vertical line through the centre of each diagram, and the equatorial plane a horizontal line through the centre of each diagram. The green dotted line is the speed-of-light surface; the purple dotted line the stationary limit surface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ratio-test-to-examine-the-divergence-regularity-of-2xdgoyie.png FIG. 6. Ratio test to examine the divergence/regularity of expectation values of quantum states, for the stress-energy tensor component 〈T̂θθ〉. The differences in expectation values for the states defined in Eqs. (4.33–4.34) are considered. In particular, these are: (a) 〈T̂θθ〉H−U − , (b) 〈T̂θθ〉B̃−B − . The structure of the plots follows that in Fig. 5, and the same parameters are used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-expectation-values-ju-cch-b-for-components-of-the-198zm96c.png FIG. 7. The expectation values 〈Ĵµ〉CCH−−B− for components of the fermion current, multiplied by ∆ (2.2). The expectation values have been computed using (4.14–4.17) with L = +1 (for L = −1 the components have the same magnitude but the opposite sign). The expectation values are plotted on the vertical axis as functions of (r, θ), with x = r sin θ and z = r cos θ. In the horizontal plane, positive values are shaded in red, while blue denotes negative values. We use the value a = a0 = https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-part-of-the-carter-penrose-diagram-for-the-complete-1r81v73a.png FIG. 1. Part of the Carter-Penrose diagram for the complete Kerr geometry, showing the future event horizon H+, past event horizon H−, future null infinity I+ and past null infinity I−. Region I corresponds to the space-time exterior to the event horizon and is the region on which we study the quantum fermion field. Region IV will be required in Sec. III for defining some of our quantum states. A more complete Carter-Penrose diagram for the Kerr geometry can be found in [36]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-typical-angular-and-radial-mode-functions-17nakf9a.png FIG. 3. Examples of typical angular and radial mode functions. Plot (a) shows the spin-half spheroidal harmonics 1SΛ and 2SΛ for ℓ = 5 2 ,m = 1 2 for a range of spheroidal couplings aω = −2,−1.5, . . . , 1.5, 2. The symmetries (2.29–2.30) are apparent. Plot (b) shows the radial functions 1RΛ and 2RΛ for the “in”-modes, defined by boundary conditions (2.33), for ℓ = m = 3/2, Mω = 0.4 and two cases: a/M = 0 [dashed lines] and a/M = 0.5 [dotted lines]. Plot (c) shows the radial functions for the “up”-modes, defined by boundary conditions (2.34), with the same parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-rate-of-rotation-zefo-of-the-zero-energy-flux-40bnokum.png FIG. 9. The rate of rotation ΩZEFO of the Zero Energy Flux Observer (ZEFO) (4.42), for the expectation values 〈T̂µν〉CCH −−B− (left) and 〈T̂µν〉H−B̃ (right). In both plots, we also show the angular velocity of the horizon ΩH (2.8) (denoted “rigid rotation”), and on the left-hand plot we also show ΩZAMO (4.38) and ΩCarter (4.39). All quantities are plotted as functions of the coordinates (r, θ). The expectation value in the right-hand-plot diverges on the speed-of-light surface, which can be seen in the https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-brownian-motion-with-inhomogeneous-damping-and-v14ed3et6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-effective-temperatures-as-obtained-2ut7b9mr.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Effective temperatures as obtained through the complete quantum treatment [Eq. (45)] (blue line), and by means of an oversimplified approximation discussed in Appendix E [Eq. (E5)] (red line). The green line is the high-T result T̃ = T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-phase-diagram-of-our-equation-for-a-1t3fswmt.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Phase diagram of our equation for a quadratic coupling, under the self-consistent Gaussian approximation. From left to right, plots are for = 0.1, 0.5, 1. Top (a): the gas experiences an effective “cooling” in the blue regions, and an effective “heating” in the red regions. Center (b): density plot of the logarithm of the aspect ratio ln(δ2x/δ 2 p). Bottom (c): maximum of the real part of the eigenvalues of the matrix of coefficients of the linear system defined in Eq. (65). In the green regions, one of the validity conditions is violated, i.e., either the Heisenberg principle is not satisfied, or one of the eigenvalues of the stability equations becomes positive, or fluctuations δ2x and δ 2 p are complex numbers. The black dashed lines are the boundaries of unity aspect ratio, where δ2x = δ2p . In this way, we see we have “cooling” for δ2x/δ 2 p < 1, and “heating” for δ 2 x/δ 2 p > 1. We have quantum squeezing with δ 2 x < 1 below the magenta dotted-dashed lines, while δ 2 p is never smaller than 1 in the allowed region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-plots-of-the-adimensional-functions-di-z-2h5y43n6.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Plots of the adimensional functions Di (z) (continuous line) and Re[Di (iz)] (dashed line). At large z, both functions approach ln(z) (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-plot-of-the-coefficientsdn-0-which-2sge2e5u.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Plot of the coefficientsDn,0, which control the decoherence rate of the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix ρ(x1,x2) in the position basis. The lines represent, respectively, D1,0 = Dx (blue line), D2,0 = Dxx (red line), and D3,0 (green line). Continuous lines are for = 2 , dashed lines for = 100 . In the Caldeira-Leggett limit kBT / , we find Dn,0 → mγkBT / (dotted line), independent of n. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-minimal-temperature-for-the-fulfillment-399bm99e.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Minimal temperature for the fulfillment of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for an Ohmic spectral function with LD cutoff in the linear case, for γ / = 0.1, 0.5, 1 (from bottom to top). In the red region, the gas displays effective “heating” and a quenched aspect ratio in p relative to x (i.e., δx/δp > 1). The black, dotted-dashed line is the asymptotic approximation to the boundary of unit aspect ratio T = α(1) . https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-dots-formed-by-ultrathin-insertions-in-wide-gap-24bjgke97o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-pl-spectra-at-different-excitation-densities-1-1-mw-12eav2fz.png Fig. 6. (a) PL spectra at different excitation densities 1, 1 MW/cm2; 2, 0.59 MW/cm2; 3, 0.16 MW/cm2 (PL intensity vs. excitation density is shown in the inset). (b) Cavity mode energies vs. excitation density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-room-temperature-photoluminescence-pl-spectra-of-the-12k0ewid.png Fig. 7. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the VCSEL structure at different excitation densities (solid line, 1000 kW/cm2; dashed line, 700 kW/cm2; short dashed line, 480 kW/cm2; dotted line, 63 kW/cm2). Inset shows dependence of the peak PL intensity on excitation density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-transmission-electron-microscopy-image-of-multiple-3bskr96a.png Fig. 8. (a) Transmission electron microscopy image of multiple InGaN± GaN insertions in a GaN matrix emitting in the green spectral range. The average thickness of the InGaN insertions is only about two monolayers. (b) Gain spectra measured in the same structure. Note the signi®cant relative gain in the green spectral range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-color-coded-map-of-the-local-lattice-parameter-llp-16sa9ped.png Fig. 1. The color-coded map of the local lattice parameter (LLP) in growth direction digitally processed from a HRTEM image of a stacked submonolayerCdSe/ZnMgSSe structure with 3 nm spacer thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cathodoluminescence-cl-spectra-of-single-1-ml-cdse-1t160u71.png Fig. 2. Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of single 1 ML CdSe insertion in a ZnSSe at T 20 K. The sharp luminescence lines in the spectra originate from single QDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-linearly-polarized-photoluminescence-pl-of-structures-2i6b6u2l.png Fig. 3. Linearly polarized photoluminescence (PL) of structures with 80 (a), 30 (b) and 15 AÊ (c) spacers measured in edge geometry. The polarization changes from mostly TE for uncoupled islands (80 AÊ spacers) to mostly TM (accompanied by a red shift) for vertically coupled islands (15 AÊ spacers). The 30 AÊ spacer sample shows emission from both types of islands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-surface-and-edge-emission-of-a-stacked-sml-cdse-zxv0qlki.png Fig. 4. Surface and edge emission of a stacked SML±CdSe structure with ZnMgSSe barriers as a function of the excitation density. The spectra are vertically displaced for clarity. The superlinear growth and the narrowing of the surface emission occurs, when edge emission saturates. The inset shows the surface emission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-low-temperature-pl-spectra-at-low-and-high-excitation-2vjqencw.png Fig. 5. Low-temperature PL spectra at low and high excitation densities and optical transmission spectrum of the structure. PL intensity vs. excitation density is shown in the inset. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-conditional-relative-entropy-and-quasi-factorization-5gyjrhvlnf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-identification-between-classical-and-quantum-yd2zjaw4.png Figure 1. Identification between classical and quantum quantities when the states considered are classical. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-choice-of-indices-in-a-tripartite-hilbert-space-26qg7w28.png Figure 2. Choice of indices in a tripartite Hilbert space HABC = HA ⊗ HB ⊗HC . https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-mechanics-extremely-localized-molecular-orbital-etpag9x3go 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-values-of-the-similarity-indexes-corresponding-to-2d1aj9qr.png Table 4. Values of the similarity indexes corresponding to the comparison of the the Hartree-Fock, ELMO and QM/ELMO electron densities in the region of intermolecular interactions for the protein:ligand complex.(a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-qm-and-elmo-regions-21yw3n5b.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the QM and ELMO regions in QM/ELMO calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-flow-chart-of-the-qm-elmo-algorithm-implemented-in-3getsfah.png Figure 2. Flow chart of the QM/ELMO algorithm implemented in the modified version of Gaussian09. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-dimensional-residual-densities-obtained-114zei3y.png Figure 4. Three-dimensional residual densities obtained comparing the ELMO, QM/ELMO (QM1) and QM/ELMO (QM2) electron distributions to the Hartree-Fock one. The isosurface-values are set to 0.01 e/bohr3, with positive and negative isosurfaces in blue and red, respectively; in the ELMO case (left panel) the “licorice representation” is only used to highlight the region of the most important intermolecular contacts, while, for the QM/ELMO comparisons (center and right panels), it is used to indicate the QM regions, with the ligand molecule colored in orange and the protein residues in lime green. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-dimensional-structure-of-the-protein-ligand-2o1cmqti.png Figure 3. Three-dimensional structure of the protein:ligand complex, with the region of the most important intermolecular contacts in “licorice representation”. Blue dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cpu-time-associated-with-the-scf-cycles-of-the-1p81w6cq.png Table 2. CPU time associated with the SCF cycles of the Hartree-Fock and QM/ELMO calculations performed on the Ser100 homopeptides. The Hartree-Fock times are given in seconds, while the QM/ELMO ones are expressed as fraction of the corresponding Hartree-Fock reference value. The number of SCF iterations is also reported in parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electrostatic-potentials-esps-plotted-onto-the-1wjf4o86.png Figure 5. Electrostatic potentials (ESPs) plotted onto the corresponding 0.001 e/bohr3 electron density isosurfaces (BWR color-map in the range [-0.332, 0.035] (values in Eh)). Below the plots of the ELMO and QM/ELMO electrostatic potentials, their RMSD values with respect to the Hartree-Fock ESP are also shown (see section S3.3 of this Supporting Information for more details about the RMSD(tot) and RMSD(iso) indexes). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interaction-energies-calculated-at-hartree-fock-35vg694c.png Table 3. Interaction energies calculated at Hartree-Fock level (𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡,𝐻𝐹 , with and without counterpoise (CP) correction for BSSE) and their differences with respect to the values obtained through the other methods used in this study (Δ𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡,𝑋 = 𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡,𝑋 − 𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡,𝐻𝐹, where 𝑋 indicates the method).(a) https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-optical-microcombs-4207xfnn60 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bi-photon-emission-of-two-correlated-photons-called-2cr6to0f.png Figure 1 | Bi-photon emission of two correlated photons (called signal and idler) through spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) or spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) from filtered nonlinear waveguides or nonlinear resonators. Such process leads to discrete energytime correlated bi-photon frequency combs. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-state-correction-using-a-measurement-based-jia9apycdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-operation-of-the-feedforward-switch-mechanism-incoming-y5bu6zqi.png FIG. 5. Operation of the feedforward switch mechanism. Incoming photons from the first state comparison stage, beam splitter 1 (BS1), triggered the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD). The electrical output of the detector was split to record photon arrival time and trigger the switch. The switch had two electrical inputs to set the second conditional guess. Channel 1 applied a voltage corresponding to the initial guess. Channel 2 applied a voltage corresponding to a change in initial guess by π . The electrical output was connected to the second lithium-niobate phase modulator (PM2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-state-comparison-amplifier-282z2253.png FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of the state comparison amplifier with the measurement feedforward mechanism between two state comparison stages. The amplifier first makes a comparison between an input signal state and locally prepared initial guess state on beam splitter 1 (BS1). One output is monitored by detector D0. This detector sets the phase of the second conditional guess. When triggered, the feedforward switch applies a phase shift of π . Red lines and arrows indicate optical fiber, while blue indicates electrical connections. Phase modulators are denoted PM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-postselection-heralding-conditions-for-the-rb0dwrnd.png TABLE I. Postselection heralding conditions for the feedforward state comparison amplifier operating with measurement and feedforward active and inactive. When the feedforward mechanism is inactive, there is no correction to the second guess phase encoding (φ2) when the trigger detector records an event. When the feedforward mechanism is active, the second guess is altered by a phase shift of π , corresponding to a voltage of Vπ , relative to the initial guess. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-interferometric-visibility-at-the-first-state-uceh5b7i.png FIG. 6. The interferometric visibility at the first state comparison stage and the conditional correct state fraction. This plot shows that the visibility of the first state comparison stage and the conditional correct state fraction are related. If the visibility of the first state comparison stage were to reduce, so would the conditional correct state fraction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-relative-improvement-of-the-feedforward-operation-2b2ebhj5.png FIG. 7. The relative improvement of the feedforward operation of the state comparison amplifier over the nonfeedforward device. As the mean-photon number increases, so too does the relative improvement. This is due to an increase in the detection rate for a wrong initial guess. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-comparison-amplifier-characteristic-parameters-3cj1rh4v.png FIG. 2. State comparison amplifier characteristic parameters when the feedforward mechanism is active and inactive. The parameters of interest are (a) fidelity, (b) correct state fraction, (c) success probability, and (d) intensity gain. For all subfigures, the experimental data are represented by the points, while the dashed lines of the same color are the corresponding theoretical predictions. It can be seen in (a)–(c) that when the feedforward is active, there is an improvement to the parameters. In (d), the diversion of experimentally measured gain and theory is due to the nonlinear response caused by dead time of the single-photon detectors at very high count rates. The errors correspond to less than 2% of the actual values, and hence the data-point values cover the error bars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-full-optical-schematic-diagram-for-state-j5mpu1kc.png FIG. 4. The full optical schematic diagram for state comparison amplification with feedforward mechanism. Beam splitters (BS) in the experiment all had the reflection:transmission ratios as 50:50, except for BS1 which had ratios 90:10. Phase modulators (PM) were used to set the initial guess input and second conditional guess. Adjustable air gaps were used to maintain stability during the experiment, which allowed high visibility to be maintained during measurements. The optical system was constructed of polarizationmaintaining components which were spliced together. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-product-of-characteristic-parameters-of-the-state-1ocs01cl.png FIG. 3. The product of characteristic parameters of the state comparison amplifier when the feedforward mechanism is active and inactive. The difference between the success probability when the feedforward mechanism is active and inactive get significantly larger as |α|2 increases, illustrating the progressive improvement in performance by utilizing the measurement and feedforward approach. (a) The product of success probability and fidelity; (b) the product of success probability and correct state fraction. https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-theory-of-femtosecond-optomagnetic-effects-for-rare-4qkyvlspvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-unit-cell-of-dyfeo3-configurations-of-the-components-1hqjcd6j.png FIG. 2. Unit cell of DyFeO3. Configurations of the components of the magnetic moments of the Dy3+ ions induced by a short laser pulse with the central wavelength λ = 0.8 μm. Red arrows stand for M (k)a components, green arrows stand for M (k) b components, and blue arrows stand for M (k)c components; k = 5, 6, 7, 8. The magnetic moments of the Dy3+ ions are oriented parallel to the “b” axis and antiparallel to the “a” and “c” axes, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-shape-of-the-laser-pulse-where-e-e0-is-the-8ywe1hlh.png FIG. 1. (a) Shape of the laser pulse, where E/E0 is the normalized electric field of the light pulse; (b) the amplitudes of dynamic magnetization; and (c) the initial magnetization phase βτ (t ) = arctan (Im(Fτ−(t ))/Re(Fτ−(t ))), where curve 1 stands for ω − ω0 = −1013, curve 2 stands for ω − ω0 = 0, curve 3 stands for ω − ω0 = +1013, and the pulse duration τ = 20 fs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-magnetization-dynamics-of-dy3-ions-induced-by-1khlyaou.png FIG. 4. Magnetization dynamics of Dy3+ ions induced by circularly polarized light. The dependencies m2(t ) are determined by Eq. (31). The effect can be seen as the ultrafast inverse Faraday effect. Red curve 1 stands for ω − ω0 = −1013, blue curve 2 stands for ω − ω0 = 0, green curve 3 stands for ω − ω0 = +1013, the pulse duration τ = 20 fs, the dashed curve corresponds to τ = 2T , and the dotted curve corresponds to τ = T . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-magnetization-dynamics-of-dy3-ions-triggered-by-29lrdxk1.png FIG. 3. Magnetization dynamics of Dy3+ ions triggered by linearly polarized laser pulse. The dependencies m1(t ) are determined by Eq. (31). The effect of light on the ion magnetization can be seen as the inverse Cotton-Mouton effect [32,33]. Red curve 1 stands for ω − ω0 = −1013, blue curve 2 stands for ω − ω0 = 0, green curve 3 stands for ω − ω0 = +1013, the pulse duration τ = 20 fs, the dashed curve corresponds to τ = 2T , and the dotted curve corresponds to τ = T . https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-monte-carlo-based-uncertainty-analysis-sampling-32iuncn8ma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-b-sampling-efficiency-of-different-sampling-2kayt8ai.png Figure 5: (a)–(b): sampling efficiency of different sampling schemes, (c)–(d): convergence behavior of the estimated standard errors of different sampling schemes, (e)–(f): ratio of the estimated standard errors of each sampling schemes to their absolute errors. The reference lines in (c)–(d) show n−1/2 and n−1 convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graphs-in-the-left-column-confront-absolute-and-12k1pc3e.png Figure 3: Graphs in the left column confront absolute and estimated standard errors, graphs in the right column present the ratio of estimated versus absolute error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-b-sampling-efficiency-of-different-sampling-3civ574c.png Figure 4: (a)–(b): sampling efficiency of different sampling schemes, (c)–(d): convergence behavior of the estimated standard errors of different sampling schemes, (e)–(f): ratio of the estimated standard errors of each sampling schemes to their absolute errors. The reference lines in (c)–(d) show n−1/2 and n−1 convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-boxplot-of-the-number-of-freeze-thaw-cycle-as-a-1vu96a89.png Figure 8: Boxplot of the number of freeze-thaw cycle as a function of each different climate and each different brick type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-boxplot-of-the-total-heat-loss-as-a-function-of-1kncd4qf.png Figure 7: Boxplot of the total heat loss as a function of each different climate and each different brick type https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probabilistic-and-deterministic-input-parameters-and-2eujvdoh.png Table 1: Probabilistic and deterministic input parameters and distributions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-brick-type-properties-3rjlldrv.png Table 2: Brick type properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-box-plots-for-100-realizations-of-the-absolute-115xiglm.png Figure 2: Box plots for 100 realizations of the absolute error in terms of the number of samples for the randomized QMC sequences and the plain Monte Carlo method (MC = Monte Carlo, Sobol = Sobol’ sequence, NX = Niederreiter–Xing sequence, LS = Lattice sequence). To obtain a clear comparison of all the schemes, the absolute error is always plotted in the range from 10−10 to 10−1 only, thus eliminating some data for high numbers of runs in (b) and (f) where the error for LS is smaller than 10−10. The four reference lines are respectively aligned with convergence rates of n−1/2, n−1, n−2 and n−6. https://scispace.com/papers/quasi-optical-design-of-a-millimeter-wave-imaging-system-1lyz26e9d7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aspherical-lens-design-constants-nhxghh1l.png Table 1: Aspherical lens design constants. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimized-parameters-of-gaussian-profile-horn-3fo6rm19.png Table 2: Optimized parameters of Gaussian profile horn. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-hhfcgybu.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-31iu2072.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-2p40dijg.png Figure 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-13370kd2.png Figure 12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3zmxovbh.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-phasing-section-parameters-mm-2ey6m14w.png Table 4: Phasing section parameters (mm). https://scispace.com/papers/quantum-theory-of-field-quadrature-measurements-2ap2gjofth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-7-plot-of-the-square-root-of-the-ensemble-average-of-1fwe0eo5.png FIG. 7'7. Plot of the square root of the ensemble average of the square of the conditional mean X~. Other details are as in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plot-of-the-square-root-of-the-ensemble-average-over-3eunc2ky.png FIG. 6. Plot of the square root of the ensemble average (over 1000 quantum trajectories) of the conditional variance in Xz under the homodyne measurement for an initial Pock state n = 8. The solid line shows an approximate analytic solution, valid for short times. The dashed line indicates the classical limit (uncertainty in Xi of 0.5). Error bars represent https://scispace.com/papers/quench-simulations-for-superconducting-elements-in-the-lhc-vxmm25sl5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-heater-delays-from-a-simulation-at-nominal-current-as-249yx0ui.png Fig. 3. Heater delays from a simulation at nominal current as a function of the copper plating ratio (heated/non heated lengths in cm). The energy required for the plating ratio of 12-48 is less than a factor of two compared to a ratio of 25-25, the increase of heater delay is acceptable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lhc-dipole-magnet-2d-cross-section-showing-the-5wezsn38.png Fig. 4. LHC dipole magnet 2d cross-section showing the magnetic field map (calculated at nominal field with ROXIE 8.0 (16)) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-quench-back-example-block-voltages-of-a-short-dipole-3kr9hb75.png Fig. 5. Quench back example: block voltages of a short dipole magnet after a quench (left); the same voltages taking out the inductive voltage (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-measured-and-predicted-quench-heater-3p24uqa3.png Table 1 Comparison of measured and predicted quench heater delays. The simulations were carried out for the HF heaters only. P0/A is the initial power density, and τ the time constant for the heater pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simulation-of-the-temperature-profile-along-the-cable-35hxcixa.png Fig. 2. Simulation of the temperature profile along the cable with forced quenching by copper plated heaters. The time interval between two plotted curves is 20 ms. The current was 12.8 kA, cable cross section 19.2 mm2, 3% helium content, rCu/Sc=1.9, RRR=100, initial time step for the computation 0.05µs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulation-study-for-quench-back-effect-in-corrector-2157c3ha.png Table 5 Simulation study for quench back effect in corrector magnets. Lp is the twist pitch length of the filaments in the strand (for the wires of the LHC corrector magnets Lp = 3 cm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-study-for-quench-back-effect-in-main-13z2w66y.png Table 4 Parameter study for quench back effect in main magnets magnets (with Rutherford type cable) with Iinit=11.7 kA, τ=0.26 s and ACU=15.4mm 2, values for the magnetic field from Table 2, variation of Rc and Ra. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-of-the-parameter-study-for-quench-back-1s53xlbu.png Table 3 Example of the parameter study for quench back effect in main magnets (with Rutherford type cable) and the comparison of the simulation results with experimental data (1=training quench; 2,3,4 quenches provoked with spot heaters; 2=protection with all HF heaters, 3=protection with half HF heaters, 4=protection with all LF heaters). The different values for τ are due to the number of heater strips fired. The quenches have been performed on the 15m long prototype dipole magnet MBP2N1v3. https://scispace.com/papers/quiescence-near-the-x-point-of-mast-measured-by-high-speed-1bh7k5uop2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-position-of-the-loi-which-extends-horizontally-12exkyxp.png Figure 4. Left: Position of the LOI, which extends horizontally outwards from the X-point. Right: Time-series of the background subtracted emission measured along the LOI with the index at which the ψN = 1.02 crossing occurs shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-survey-of-plasmas-from-mast-upon-which-the-qxr-1nagud1x.png Table 1. Survey of plasmas from MAST upon which the QXR analysis detailed in section 3.1 has been carried out. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-schematic-illustration-of-the-different-1pr48pv3.png Figure 12. Schematic illustration of the different contributions to intermittent crossfield transport in the divertor volume observed on MAST. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-correlation-of-the-target-pixel-green-cross-11ep1dpe.png Figure 5. Cross-correlation of the target pixel (green cross) time-series with all other pixels in the camera frame, for five target pixel positions along the LOI of figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cross-correlation-analysis-carried-out-in-exactly-3ad53qko.png Figure 7. Cross-correlation analysis carried out in exactly the same manner as in figure 5, but analysing two synthetic datasets, a and b. Importantly filamentary structures can be identified within the X-point region in dataset a, but not in dataset b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-analysis-of-isat-time-series-from-the-divertor-3s09nd9q.png Figure 11. Analysis of Isat time-series from the divertor target of MAST shot 16161 from radially separated LPs. Left: 1ms of data from each probe. Note that artificial offsets have been applied to the data to allow for each dataset to be visualised on the same axis. Center: Power spectra from each probe at different radial positions. Right: Autocorrelation time, measured as the e-folding time of the autocorrelation function, as a function of ψN at the divertor target. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-cross-correlation-showing-the-structure-of-2tbvmwyt.png Figure 10. Cross-correlation showing the structure of filaments in the outer SOL (upper row) and filaments in the near SOL (lower row) with a delay introduced in units of frame count to show the typical evolution of such filaments. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-false-color-image-taken-from-the-sa1-1-fast-camera-1gqz4mxj.png Figure 1. False color image taken from the SA1.1 fast camera tangential view of the MAST divertor overlaid onto a CAD visualisation of the MAST vessel. Also shown is a poloidal projection of the camera view with the divertor view (as well as the standard midplane view) of the camera highlighted. https://scispace.com/papers/quota-discarding-and-distributive-justice-the-case-of-the-3u4h1fqtfy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-sussex-coastline-south-east-england-18owfiir.png Figure 1: Map of the Sussex coastline, south east England https://scispace.com/papers/quota-rationing-server-resources-in-peer-assisted-online-2t92e0h0co 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-service-quality-differentiation-vs-the-amount-of-3pdpqr8z.png Fig. 8. Service quality differentiation vs. the amount of server bandwidth resource S, under random file set and different settings of the design knob l of server bandwidth allocation strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-percentage-of-satisfied-peers-vs-the-amount-of-server-2yhx2hcz.png Fig. 7. Percentage of satisfied peers vs. the amount of server bandwidth resource S, under popular file set and different settings of the design knob l of server bandwidth allocation strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-service-quality-differentiation-vs-the-amount-of-1lhpsb3b.png Fig. 9. Service quality differentiation vs. the amount of server bandwidth resource S, under popular file set and different settings of the design knob l of server bandwidth allocation strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-statistics-of-three-representative-file-sets-jlu0fyre.png TABLE I STATISTICS OF THREE REPRESENTATIVE FILE SETS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-system-wide-average-downloading-rate-vs-server-storage-221m6v0o.png Fig. 4. System-wide average downloading rate vs. server storage capacity F , under different settings of the design knob k of server storage and replacement strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-system-wide-average-downloading-rate-vs-the-amount-of-zpu26kpj.png Fig. 5. System-wide average downloading rate vs. the amount of server bandwidth resource S, under different settings of the design knob l of server bandwidth allocation strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-percentage-of-satisfied-peers-vs-the-amount-of-server-3qz8vcp5.png Fig. 6. Percentage of satisfied peers vs. the amount of server bandwidth resource S, under random file set and different settings of the design knob l of server bandwidth allocation strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-system-wide-throughput-vs-server-storage-capacity-f-16zzfpr6.png Fig. 3. System-wide throughput vs. server storage capacity F , under different settings of the design knob k of server storage and replacement strategy. https://scispace.com/papers/r-roscovitine-cyc202-seliciclib-sensitizes-sh-sy5y-5g2ow01ag3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-pharmacological-synergism-between-r-roscovitine-8kxzl72s.png Table 1 The pharmacological synergism between (R)-roscovitine and nutlin-3 is detected in three different cell lines derived from human neuroblastoma. https://scispace.com/papers/r-u-or-character-vs-word-gram-feature-selection-for-3b5jjunxd7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-fold-cross-validated-accuracies-the-best-1atc9yo7.png Table 1 3-fold cross-validated accuracies. The best performing configuration of feature-set and classifier for each corpus is shown in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-and-drug-induced-dna-repair-in-mammalian-oocytes-3p4y27kijf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uv-induced-unscheduled-dna-synthesis-in-mouse-oocytes-23e2j9dh.png Fig. 1. UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse oocytes. a, Resting stage. Data from ref. 57. b, Growing stage. Data from ref. 57. c, Fully grown germinal vesicle stage. Data from ref. 50. d, Fully grown metaphase I stage. Data from ref. 50. https://scispace.com/papers/radial-velocities-and-metallicities-of-red-giant-stars-in-2ghatv8zwz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-radial-velocity-measurement-for-the-nine-program-5nimta0s.png Table 2 Radial Velocity Measurement for the Nine Program Stars in NGC 7762 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-atmospheric-parameters-for-member-stars-3iq5npz5.png Table 3 Atmospheric Parameters for Member Stars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trend-of-ba-fe-abundance-ratio-vs-metallicity-left-34lc7ao1.png Figure 5. Trend of [Ba/Fe] abundance ratio vs. metallicity (left panel) and vs. age (right panel) for a compilation of old open clusters. The red square indicates NGC 7762. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-color-magnitude-diagram-of-ngc-7762-red-symbols-pyr5jv33.png Figure 1. Color–magnitude diagram of NGC 7762. Red symbols indicate the stars for which we obtained spectroscopic data. Photometry is taken from Maciejewski et al. (2008). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-abundance-analysis-for-member-stars-2cwqvggt.png Table 4 Abundance Analysis for Member Stars https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-error-budget-1xrqg2p4.png Table 5 Error Budget https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-hydrodynamic-simulations-of-massive-star-formation-3pxtpcpdbh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-stellar-properties-as-a-function-of-time-for-each-n41v0ohd.png Figure 6. Stellar properties as a function of time for each set of simulation parameters. Upper left: total mass in stars. Upper right: primary star luminosity. The luminosity has been smoothed using a 200 yr moving average to eliminate the high frequency contribution of the accretion luminosity in this plot. Middle left: primary star mass. Middle right: primary protostellar wind speed. Lower left: position of the primary star relative to the center of mass of cloud. Lower right: angle between the primary star’s angular momentum vector and the z-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-outflow-ejection-1fcetf1v.png Table 3 Outflow Ejection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-radial-component-of-the-radiation-flux-at-1500-au-2oc0awmc.png Figure 9. Radial component of the radiation flux at 1500 AU in radius from the primary star, normalized to the isotropic flux, as a function of polar angle. The flux shown at a given θ is a volume average over a pair of rings at polar angles θ = 0 and 180◦ − θ that cover all azimuthal angles φ. The coordinate system is oriented so that θ = 0 corresponds to the rotation axis of the primary star and the direction in which the wind is launched. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simulation-graphics-at-t-0-2tff-for-the-parameters-uahfd1hd.png Figure 2. Simulation graphics at t = 0.2tff for the parameters Σ = 1.0 g cm−2, Σ = 2.0 g cm−2, Σ = 10.0 g cm−2, and Σ = 2.0 g cm−2 (without winds) from top to bottom. First column: ρ/Σ3/2 on a (2.5rc)2 plane oriented so that the outflow launch direction lies in the plane of the image, pointing toward the top of the page. Black arrows indicate the velocity field. An arrow with length equal to 1/8 of the plot width indicates a flow speed of 100 km s−1, and arrow lengths scale as √|v|. Second column: ratio of the radiation force magnitude to gravitational force magnitude. Third column: column density on a (0.1rc)2 plane aligned with the cardinal axes of the simulation, oriented so that the primary protostellar outflow direction is as close as possible to pointing vertically out of the page. Fourth column: mass-weighted radiation temperature projected in the same manner as the surface density in the third column. All plots are centered on the projected position of the primary star. White markers indicate star particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-figure-2-but-at-t-0-8tff-only-the-surface-2b0j9drj.png Figure 5. Same as Figure 2 but at t = 0.8tff . Only the surface density parameter cases of Σ = 2.0 g cm−2, Σ = 10.0 g cm−2, and Σ = 2.0 g cm−2 (without winds) were run to this time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-radial-component-of-the-radiation-flux-normalized-3r218uum.png Figure 8. Radial component of the radiation flux, normalized to the isotropic flux at 1500 AU from the primary protostar. Columns indicate the times t = 0.3tff , t = 0.4tff , and t = 0.6tff from left to right, and the rows indicate the simulation parameters of Σ = 1.0 g cm−2, Σ = 2.0 g cm−2, Σ = 10.0 g cm−2, and Σ = 2.0 g cm−2 without winds from top to bottom. The coordinate system is defined such that the angular momentum of the primary star points northward and the azimuthal coordinate facing the thinnest edge of the cloud due to the motion of the star relative to the center of mass of the system is centered in each of the plots. Contours of the 75th percentile column density from r = 0 to 1500 AU are shown as dashed lines, and contours of the radial velocities of 20 km s−1 and 50 km s−1 at r = 1500 AU are shown as solid lines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-parameters-1pb317i9.png Table 1 Simulation Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dust-opacity-model-semenov-et-al-2003-left-planck-zx4jidx1.png Figure 1. Dust opacity model (Semenov et al. 2003). Left: Planck mean dust opacity as a function of gas temperature. Right: Rosseland mean dust opacity. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/papers/radiation-pattern-analysis-of-single-and-multi-antenna-56woecj9p6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-antenna-characteristics-for-dipole-and-patch-c4novkax.png Table II: Antenna Characteristics for Dipole and Patch Antenna for Different Wrist Positions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-handshake-forward-and-b-hand-in-front-of-chest-front-24orhvqr.png Fig. 2: (a) Handshake: Forward and (b): Hand in front of chest: Front. The four red blocks correspond to different antenna positions: Top (1), Side (2) & Bottom (3) of Wrist and Chest (4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-directivity-vs-azimuthal-angles-for-a-dipole-2b9ox4bl.png Fig 5: Average Directivity vs Azimuthal Angles for: (a) Dipole Antenna and (b) Patch Antenna https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-directivity-for-multi-antenna-system-vs-3aowrosv.png Fig 6: Average Directivity for Multi-Antenna System vs Azimuthal Angles for (a): Dipole Antenna and (b) Patch Antenna https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-azimuthal-plane-and-b-elevation-plane-2mav6g0n.png Fig 4: (a) Azimuthal Plane and (b) Elevation Plane https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dipole-antenna-on-a-chest-top-of-wrist-b-hand-forward-2jo7dr5f.png Fig. 3: Dipole Antenna on: (a) Chest, Top of wrist: (b) Hand forward, (c) Hand in front of chest, and (d) Side Arm-top. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-preferable-access-point-locations-for-antenna-zc05aq92.png Table III: Preferable Access Point Locations for Antenna Positions https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-dielectric-properties-at-2-44ghz-121cttdg.png Table I: Dielectric Properties at 2.44GHz https://scispace.com/papers/radical-ligand-containing-single-molecule-magnets-3dfg2d0x1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-magnetic-exchange-interactions-in-1vrzwv5e.png Table 1 Summary of magnetic exchange interactions in selected structurally characterized mononuclear transition metal complexes that contain radical ligands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variable-frequency-ac-susceptibility-data-for-dmp2nin-2loy69yf.png Fig. 8. Variable-frequency ac susceptibility data for [(dmp2Nin)Co2(N(SiMe3)2)2]− (8) (top) and [(dmp2Nin)Co2(N(SiMe3)2)2(Et2O)2]+ (10) (bottom) collected under a 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-general-structure-of-a-double-decker-lnpc2-n-complex-1lx1fgtw.png Fig. 10. General structure of a double-decker [LnPc2]n− complex. Red, blue and gray spheres represent Ln, N, and C atoms; H are omitted and selected C atoms are faded for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-structure-of-gd-pc-c6s8-2-11-with-orange-blue-yellow-1vxgyu1i.png Fig. 9. Structure of Gd[Pc(C6S8)]2 (11) with orange, blue, yellow and gray spheres representing Gd, N, S and C atoms, respectively; H are omitted and selected C and S atoms are faded for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-out-of-phase-susceptibility-m-of-18-from-10-to-10000-2dhugk4a.png Fig. 16. Out-of-phase susceptibility ( М ′′) of 18 from 10 to 10,000 Hz. Source: Figure was reproduced from Ref. [225], with permission of the copyright holders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-plot-of-magnetization-vs-field-at-2-k-for-compound-19-3vj0zpus.png Fig. 17. Plot of magnetization vs field at 2 K for compound 19. ource: Figure was reproduced from Ref. [225], with permission of the copyright olders. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-33-left-dc-magnetic-susceptibility-data-for-36-ln-with-38elhd0a.png Fig. 33. Left: Dc magnetic susceptibility data for 36-Ln with green, yellow, red, purple, and blue data for 36-Gd, 36-Tb, 36-Dy, 36-Ho and 36-Er. Middle: structure of 36-Tb with dark red, green, blue, red and gray spheres representing Tb, Si, N, O and C atoms, respectively. H atoms are omitted for clarity. Right: variable-field magnetization (M) d T/s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-34-left-dc-magnetic-susceptibility-data-for-37-gd-black-rngtm17y.png Fig. 34. Left: Dc magnetic susceptibility data for 37-Gd (black circles) and 37-Gd (green circles). Middle: structure of 37-Tb with dark red, green, blue, red, gray and yellow s for cla 1 https://scispace.com/papers/radio-jets-in-ngc-4151-where-emerlin-meets-hst-1u4qws4pak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-emerlin-spectral-index-image-obtained-with-casa-of-3imp7npe.png Figure 6. eMERLIN spectral index image obtained with CASA of the central 3.7 × 1.8 arcsec2 (∼340 × 160 pc2) of NGC4151 at 1.51GHz. The contours plotted are 2, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 and 64 mJy beam−1 from the full resolution eMERLIN image. Data were clipped at 2 mJy in the full resolution CASA eMERLIN image so that spurious low-S/N regions were removed. All data were displayed with CASA and the range of colours restricted to range between −3.0 and 1.0 so as to remove any further spurious regions of non-physical spectral index from the image. The naming convention from Carral et al. (1990) are overlaid in white. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hst-emission-line-images-of-ngc4151-for-a-ha-b-o-3eyzki4w.png Figure 7. HST emission-line images of NGC4151 for (a) Hα, (b) [O III] and (c) [O II]. The full resolution eMERLIN radio contours are plotted on top and are at 2, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 and 64 mJy beam−1. In all images, north is up and east is to the left-hand side. All three images correspond to the central ∼8 × 6 arcsec2 (∼740 × 550 pc2) of the nucleus of NGC4151. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-naturally-weighted-archival-merlin-image-of-the-1ljk44p2.png Figure 1. Naturally weighted archival MERLIN image of the central, 4 × 2 arcsec2 (∼360 × 180 pc2) radio structures of NGC4151, re-reduced with the MERLIN pipeline. The FWHM of the restoring beam was set to 0.15 × 0.15 arcsec2 (14 × 14 pc2) and the entire uv-range with all eight antennas in the MERLIN array was used to produce this image in AIPS. For consistency, the contours are the same as fig. 2 in M95: 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mJy beam−1. The naming conventions are shown above with Carral et al. (1990) nomenclature in blue and the Ulvestad et al. (2005) nomenclature in red. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-full-observed-uv-plane-of-ngc4151-at-1-5-ghz-using-10lmox8e.png Figure 2. Full observed uv-plane of NGC4151 at 1.5 GHz, using the LeMMINGs (eMERLIN) deep data with all seven antennas included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-image-showing-the-ratio-of-the-optical-o-iii-to-ha-2ac0ryw6.png Figure 8. Image showing the ratio of the optical [O III] to Hα line emission fromHST imaging of the central∼21× 12 arcsec2 (∼1.9× 1.1 kpc2) of NGC4151. The full resolution eMERLIN radio contours are plotted on top and are at 2, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 and 64 mJy beam−1 We clipped out any pixels with S/N <4 to remove spurious artefacts. The larger scale structure of the ionization region is seen southwest of the core. This lines up more closely with the PA of the overall line emission ∼50◦ but it is clear that the inner region bounded by the radio jet is at a slightly different angle at ∼57◦. In this image, north is up and east is to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-new-full-resolution-emerlin-image-of-the-central-4x-gx3ou0gu.png Figure 3. New full-resolution eMERLIN image of the central 4× 2 arcsec2 (∼360× 180 pc2) region of NGC4151 using all seven eMERLIN antennas and a natural weighting. As in Fig. 1, the entire uv-range was used with a 0.15 × 0.15 arcsec2 FWHM restoring beam. Contours set are at −0.25, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 and 64 mJy beam−1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flux-densities-obtained-from-figs-4-and-5-where-the-vjisqtzr.png Table 1. Flux densities obtained from Figs 4 and 5, where the resolution of the data is matched, of each component in NGC4151. The spectral index was obtained from the spectral index image in Fig. 6, the size of the components as found from the fitting process in Section 3 and the minimum energy and magnetic field obtained from this process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-astrometric-measurements-of-radio-components-3a9ze9p6.png Table 2. Astrometric measurements of radio components compared to the position of the core C4 obtained from the self-calibrated data. As the data are self-calibrated, we caution that the absolute values of RA and Dec. are not absolute. These positions are compared to observations first published in M95, but have been re-reduced here (see Section 2.1). All positions given are in J2000 coordinates, with the difference calculated from the core C4 in that given image. The difference of these two values is shown in column 8, which is used as a measure of the relative shift of each component. The errors in the position from the fitting process are of the order half the beam size, i.e. ∼0.075 arcsec (7 pc). https://scispace.com/papers/radioactive-waste-isolation-in-salt-peer-review-of-office-of-3dlexo58s1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-6ahtt-chart-of-the-socioeconomc-evftluation-amd-26eg0c8e.png FIGURE 2 . 6AHTT CHART OF THE SOCIOECONOMC EVftLUATION AMD MITIGATION CLEMENTS OF THE ACT https://scispace.com/papers/radiofrequency-ablation-at-low-irrigation-flow-rates-using-a-275xvtba10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-integrated-mean-electrode-temperature-curves-in-93vgssvt.png Figure 4. Integrated mean electrode temperature curves in function of time for Au- and PtIr-tip catheters. Different curves are plotted for catheter orientation (parallel or perpendicular) and amount of saline infusion (8 mL/min or 15 mL/min). The curves are plotted in mean ± standard deviation (SD) values for both catheters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-160srj8k.png Table III. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lesion-volumes-for-different-catheter-orientations-1i846bey.png Figure 5. Lesion volumes for different catheter orientations and amount of saline infusion. Each symbol represents one lesion. Values are plotted in mean ± standard deviation for both catheters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-experimental-setup-3mwobrli.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the experimental setup. The reference pad is attached to the contra-lateral thigh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-image-of-the-novel-12-hole-au-open-irrigation-22o38kk9.png Figure 2. Image of the novel 12-hole Au open-irrigation catheter displaying the new design (panel A) that allows cooling in all directions of the catheter (panel B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-qxr0nezy.png Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-macroscopic-image-of-the-fixated-lesion-tissues-cia6buqu.png Figure 3. Macroscopic image of the fixated lesion tissues. Lesions were created using 30 W and either 8 mL/min or 15 mL/min irrigation. Lesions (A) and (B) represent lesions with a parallel catheter position, lesions (C) and (D) were created with perpendicular catheter orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-2tsl3vzj.png Table II. https://scispace.com/papers/railcheck-functional-safety-for-wireless-condition-1wu0tgiy8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-fmeca-analysis-35g73mtu.png TABLE I FMECA ANALYSIS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hw-sw-failures-an-barriers-bn-1qplsv0y.png Fig. 2. HW/SW - Failures (An) & Barriers (Bn) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-railcheck-schematic-black-channel-concept-29g9shcm.png Fig. 1. RailCheck Schematic & Black Channel Concept https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-communication-delay-failures-en-barriers-fn-2tw641wt.png Fig. 3. Communication Delay - Failures (En) & Barriers (Fn) https://scispace.com/papers/raman-frequency-shift-induced-by-photorefractive-effect-on-2mm7ddqw39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-raman-spectrum-showing-the-a1-to-modes-1gwf8e3y.png FIG. 1. Typical Raman spectrum showing the A1[TO] modes, obtained in the X(zz)X configuration using an excitation line at 632.8 nm. The A1[TO4] mode is indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-sample-codes-and-characteristics-esafts27.png TABLE I. Summary of sample codes and characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-saturation-value-of-the-space-charge-field-as-a-3cii5fml.png FIG. 4. (a) Saturation value of the space charge field as a function of the incident intensity determined by converting the shift in the Raman frequency in space charge field and subsequent fitting with Eq. (1). The connecting lines are only a guide to the eye. (b) Saturated space charge field value versus nominal Fe3þ concentration of the four samples. The black line is the theoretical line with a slope of 10 18 Vm2 between Esat and [Fe3þ] computed from Ref. 12. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-photoconductivity-versus-incident-intensity-in-the-3i90ao4m.png FIG. 5. (a) Photoconductivity versus incident intensity in the different samples, determined by converting the shift in the Raman frequency in space charge field and subsequently fitting with Eqs. (1) and (2). (b) Specific photoconductivity as a function of the [Fe2þ]/ [Fe3þ] ratio in the different samples. The error bars represent only random errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scheme-of-the-possible-couplings-between-different-16fhriey.png FIG. 3. Scheme of the possible couplings between different light induced effects in Fe:LN. Dashed arrows represent contributions that can be neglected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-time-evolution-for-the-peak-frequency-of-the-a1-to4-ft8cbo2h.png FIG. 2. Time evolution for the peak frequency of the A1[TO4] mode in samples Fe:LN 0.05 and Fe:LN 0.1 AG (see Table I for sample description). https://scispace.com/papers/raman-induced-kerr-effect-dual-comb-spectroscopy-3emg8fae7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-experimental-spectrum-of-p-xylene-3dq2kfk6.png Fig. 4. (Color online) Experimental spectrum of p-Xylene. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-experimental-raman-gain-amplitude-and-1f7uaguv.png Fig. 3. (Color online) Experimental Raman gain amplitude and dispersion spectra of benzonitrile, measured within 293 μs. The phase of the pump laser is slowly varying and does not contribute to the resonance in the dispersion spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-experimental-setup-for-rike-dual-comb-m9t8mrnb.png Fig. 2. (Color online) Experimental setup for RIKE dual-comb spectroscopy. x-Pol, crossed-polarizer; λ=4, quarter-wave plate; λ=2, half-wave plate; PZT, piezo-electric transducer; DAQ, data acquisition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-principle-of-rike-dual-comb-spectroscopy-3din2ltd.png Fig. 1. (Color online) Principle of RIKE dual-comb spectroscopy. https://scispace.com/papers/raman-tailored-photonic-crystal-fiber-for-telecom-band-586l3zyndg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-electron-microscope-image-of-the-3fbj4dfz.png Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscope image of the microstructured region of fiber A (right part of the image) and the reconstructed geometry used for the simulation (left part), with the reconstruction parameters in the table : pitch L , core diameter d, diameter of the round corners of the cladding hexagons dc, diameters of the cladding pentagons dcp and hexagons dch neighbouring the fiber core, cladding thickness t and cladding thickness around the fiber core tp and th. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-calculated-effective-index-of-the-fundamental-mode-as-grvij0p8.png Fig. 2. Calculated effective index of the fundamental mode as a function of wavelength. Note that the subtracted nzdw has a different value for the three curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-calculated-probability-density-spectrum-f-of-1aujcwc6.png Fig. 5. Left: Calculated probability density spectrum F of emission of the pairs through SFWM and Raman lines (white dashed lines) as a function of the pump wavelength lp and the relative signal or idler wavelength Dls,i = ls,i lp; Right: Raman spectrum of the chosen fluorocarbon liquid: perfluorotripropylamine, C9F21N, FC3283, reproduced with permission from [25] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-laser-delivers-1-1-ps-pulses-close-to-fourier-18dik1f9.png Fig. 4. The laser delivers 1.1 ps pulses (close to Fourier transform) with a 50MHz repetition rate ; the peak power is 18W for 1mW average power; Left : Spectra of the square wave pulse generator transmitted by the fiber for different levels of injected power. Right : Comparison between the fiber under study and a standard polarization maintaining fiber. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optical-properties-for-different-fiber-liquid-1kabo2cg.png Table 1. Optical properties for different fiber/liquid combinations. The 3M references FCxxx have been used for the fluorocarbon liquids. The NKT reference HCxxxx gives an approximate idea of the position of the transmission band of the empty fiber and the ZDW of the filled fiber has been measured with OLCI. The configuration of Ref. [10] is also included for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-inverse-group-velocity-of-the-fundamental-mode-for-the-2uf7zjv5.png Fig. 3. Inverse group velocity of the fundamental mode for the Fiber A / FC3283 combination (i) measured with OLCI (Blue dots) (ii) calculated with the FDFD simulation (green squares). The index of the liquid is adjusted to 1.283 instead of the reported value of 1.281 measured in the visible range [21]. https://scispace.com/papers/random-numbers-from-metastability-and-thermal-noise-3jo0g2au0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3-d-phase-space-plot-of-pufrng-output-using-unity-1berl62c.png Fig. 2 3-D phase space plot of PUFRNG output using unity delay Weak attractor is result of finite block size (32 bits) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pufrng-circuit-chip-built-in-tsmcs-0-18-mm-single-poly-mjpkiyb9.png Fig. 1 PUFRNG circuit Chip built in TSMC’s 0.18 mm, single poly, six-level metal process with standard cells. PUFRNGs mounted on circuit board and interfaced to PC using JTAG interface for testing https://scispace.com/papers/random-partial-orders-defined-by-angular-domains-3gq62k9mmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-finding-points-at-distance-3-3aeg81q6.png Figure 1: Finding points at distance 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-connecting-im-to-ra-1q2ymco8.png Figure 2: Connecting Im to Rα. https://scispace.com/papers/random-projection-algorithms-for-convex-set-intersection-52ad79b4ul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-sets-do-not-intersect-i-e-x-in-the-plot-to-the-3pmyl0vj.png Fig. 1. The sets do not intersect, i.e., X = ∅. In the plot to the left, the distance between the sets is zero (i.e., R∗ = 0), which is reached asymptotically without attainment. The sequence {xk} does not converge, while limk→∞R(xk) = 0. In the plot to the right, the average residual error R(x) is minimized at the midpoint between the sets, so R∗ > 0. The sequence {xk} converges to the midpoint and limk→∞R(xk) = R∗ > 0. https://scispace.com/papers/randomized-gossip-algorithms-2g2zm9depe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sensor-nodes-deployed-to-measure-ambient-temperature-2n2fmenx.png Fig. 1. Sensor nodes deployed to measure ambient temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-example-of-a-geometric-random-graph-in-two-1l4oh9sc.png Fig. 3. An example of a Geometric Random Graph in two dimensions. A node is connected to all other nodes that are within the distance r of itself. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graphical-interpretation-of-theorem-7-2m1mrkro.png Fig. 2. Graphical interpretation of Theorem 7. https://scispace.com/papers/randomized-quasi-monte-carlo-simulation-of-markov-chains-20bjg9cwfa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-variance-reduction-factors-of-d-1ci8bzv1.png Table 2. Estimated variance reduction factors of d-dimensional classical RQMC and array-RQMC with respect to MC, for selected values of d and n ≈ 217. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-empirical-variance-reduction-factors-of-rqmc-with-24rvyptf.png Table 1. Empirical variance reduction factors of RQMC with respect to MC, for the average waiting time of 100 customers, estimated with m = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-variance-reduction-factors-of-array-rqmc-237ftwbh.png Table 3. Estimated variance reduction factors of array-RQMC with respect to MC, for the regenerative example, case (i). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-variance-reduction-factors-of-array-rqmc-3h8yubp4.png Table 4. Estimated variance reduction factors of array-RQMC with respect to MC, for the regenerative example, case (ii). https://scispace.com/papers/range-expansion-of-the-bronzed-cowbird-with-the-first-1d8dio9ry2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-inland-records-of-black-legged-kittiwakes-in-the-t6vcoj7i.png TABLE 1. Inland records of Black-legged Kittiwakes in the northwestern United States. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-and-effective-segmentation-of-3d-models-using-random-42lrbi12c7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-left-example-of-coarse-seeding-right-corresponding-33wt5bok.png Fig. 4. Left: example of coarse seeding. Right: corresponding segmentation result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-example-of-point-cloud-data-right-corresponding-23cyi4rd.png Fig. 3. Left: example of point cloud data. Right: corresponding direct segmentation result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-projection-and-local-update-of-the-input-model-left-3tjvsqrq.png Fig. 2. Projection and local update of the input model. Left, centre: mapping smoothed boundary points onto the surface. Right: mapping smoothed boundary paths onto the surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-fine-scale-seeding-from-top-left-to-bottom-33y4ila8.png Fig. 5. Example of fine-scale seeding. From top left to bottom right: input model with automatic seed selection; initial (over-) segmented results; result after merging; final result after boundary smoothing and mapping. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timing-comparison-of-a-k-means-clustering-based-3oontkq2.png Table 1 Timing comparison of a k-means clustering based method and our current method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-timings-for-the-same-40k-triangle-model-with-1hf9dry2.png Table 2 Timings for the same 40K-triangle model with differing numbers of seeds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-segmentation-of-cad-models-without-sharp-edges-287kxvvs.png Fig. 1. Segmentation of CAD models without sharp edges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-examples-of-mesh-segmentation-for-various-graphical-143qnrq0.png Fig. 9. Examples of mesh segmentation for various graphical models. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-prototyping-flight-test-environment-for-autonomous-2bsek2kas8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tet-of-a-typical-control-algorithm-143s6pv2.png Figure 6 TET of a typical control algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-structure-of-real-time-block-set-environment-2b4n3xzd.png Figure 7 Structure of real-time block set environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-structure-of-xpc-target-environment-d95naizt.png Figure 8 Structure of xPC Target environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-two-cars-tracking-1woye2eb.png Figure 13 Two cars tracking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-platform-structure-2s0cuo3m.png Figure 1 Platform structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vicon-camera-and-nexus-software-35buudxc.png Figure 3 Vicon camera and Nexus software https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hunmmingbird-helicopter-15gy6ar4.png Figure 2 Hunmmingbird Helicopter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-tracking-performance-of-the-helicopter-ygal51a4.png Figure 11 Tracking performance of the helicopter https://scispace.com/papers/ranks-of-elliptic-curves-with-prescribed-torsion-over-number-gvcbj7zhw2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-3w0ahpfo.png Table 3. Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-curves-with-prescribed-torsion-and-rank-0-over-s8fwlh6y.png Table 3. Continued. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-curves-with-prescribed-torsion-and-positive-rank-b9vlk823.png Table 4. Curves with prescribed torsion and positive rank over quadratic fields. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-curves-with-prescribed-torsion-and-positive-rank-377763z5.png Table 5. Curves with prescribed torsion and positive rank over cubic fields. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-curves-with-prescribed-torsion-and-rank-0-over-cubic-24t4mgk3.png Table 2. Curves with prescribed torsion and rank 0 over cubic fields. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-curves-with-prescribed-torsion-and-positive-rank-yq2bgxka.png Table 6. Curves with prescribed torsion and positive rank over quartic fields. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-curves-with-prescribed-torsion-and-rank-0-over-33pfuhp8.png Table 1. Curves with prescribed torsion and rank 0 over quadratic fields. https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-electrochemical-detection-of-new-delhi-metallo-beta-15x17x8hlc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fluorescence-microarray-data-showing-mean-2vpp5brm.png Figure 1: Fluorescence microarray data showing mean fluorescence for each probe developed in silico, upon hybridization of 4ng/µL fluorescently labelled blaNDM-1 PCR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dose-response-curve-of-eis-detection-of-sh-rt-1zqqv2s4.png Figure 2: Dose-response curve of EIS detection of sh rt synthetic oligonucleotide using PNA probe P7 constructed using Rct value at 60 min (52 min post sample addition) normalized to baseline Rct values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-direct-detection-of-ndm-1-plasmid-dna-online-eis-e0eu02ab.png Figure 6: Direct detection of NDM-1 plasmid DNA. Online EIS detection assay plot showing Rct change on blaNDM-1 specific PNA P7 functionalised electrodes normalised to Rct change on negative control PNA functionalised electrode over time (n≥2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rct-changes-over-time-upon-hybridization-with-10-nm-1w7yqyuj.png Figure 5: Rct changes over time upon hybridization with 10 nM ssDNA blaNDM-1 PCR products and non-complementary mecA PCR products (negative control) under ambient conditions in the presence and absence of 50% formamide in the EIS buffer normalized https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dose-response-curve-for-620-bp-ssdna-blandm-1-pcr-384ggx2p.png Figure 4: Dose response curve for 620 bp ssDNA blaNDM-1 PCR product detected with the online EIS assay applying PNA probe P7 using Rct values at 60 min (52 min post sample addition) normalized to baseline Rct values (LOD of 100 pM, n=3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-online-eis-detection-assay-plot-showing-rct-changes-qx9podaq.png Figure 3: Online EIS detection assay plot showing Rct changes on P7 functionalised electrodes over time post addition of 10 nM PCR product treated with Lambda https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-screening-of-anthocyanins-in-berry-samples-by-3pn3pmvapo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-flavonoids-detected-in-berries-using-maldi-tof-ms-w-39aij4hk.png Table 2. Flavonoids detected in berries using MALDI-TOF-MS w matrixþCTAB addition at a 10000:1 ratio, T¼THAP matrix, T/C¼ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-of-flavonols-and-anthoc-1hiewhr2.png Figure 1. Structures of flavonols and anthoc https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-positive-ion-maldi-tof-mass-spectra-obtained-when-1w99esro.png Figure 5. Positive ion MALDI-TOF mass spectra obtained when THAP/CTAB was used for the analysis of (a) lingonberry extract and (b) blueberry extract. See Fig. 1 and Table 1 for abbreviations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-quantitation-by-maldi-tof-ms-analysis-o-1ectv9lf.png Table 3. Results from quantitation by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis o shown are averaged (n¼ 5). %Disc.¼Percentage of discrepancy fr indicates that only THAP matrix was used; THAP/CTAB indicates T https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-chromatographic-peaks-and-mass-zv7kq7dl.png Table 1. Summary of chromatographic peaks and mass spectrometry information obtained by LC/ESI-MS of berry samples and quantification by UV detection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-positive-ion-maldi-tof-mass-spectra-of-fl-a-chca-b-24zzbgkr.png Figure 3. Positive ion MALDI-TOF mass spectra of fl (a) CHCA, (b) THAP, (c) CHCA/CTAB, and (d) THAP/ https://scispace.com/papers/rapid-x-ray-variations-of-the-geminga-pulsar-wind-nebula-284gs65g8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-background-subtracted-energy-spectra-of-the-axial-2avycxy4.png Figure 4. Background-subtracted energy spectra of the axial tail (upper panels) with the best-fit power-law models (solid lines) in different epochs. The best-fit spectral parameters are given in Table 2. The fitting residuals are also shown (lower panels). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-s1-s2-and-s3-confidence-contours-for-the-2gezg8ev.png Figure 5. The s1 , s2 , and s3 confidence contours for the absorbed power-law model fitted to the X-ray spectra of Geminga’s axial tail as observed by Chandra in Epoch 7a (upper contours) and Epoch 7b (lower contours). The unit of the model normalization is photons keV−1 cm−2 s−1 at 1 keV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-5x5-exposure-corrected-image-0-5-7-kev-1x1-for-277l6kmc.png Figure 11. The 5′×5′ exposure-corrected image (0.5–7 keV; 1″×1″ for 1 pixel) that covers the outer tails of Geminga as observed by Chandra in 2013 August and September (Epochs 7+8). It has been smoothed with a Gaussian kernel of s = 6 . The contours computed from the images obtained in 2012 November/December (Epoch 3) are overlaid for visualizing the morphological variation of the outer tails. The wiggling motion of the southern outer tail can be found through this comparison. The maximum lateral displacement of ∼0 5 at the rear part of the tail is shown by the yellow double arrow. The deviation of the southern outer tail with respect to the southeastern protrusion is also illustrated. The scale bar at the bottom shows the pixel values in units of photons cm−2 s−1. The interactive figure will blink between the frames in Epochs 3 and 7+8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spectral-properties-of-the-southern-tail-in-2o16cint.png Table 3 Spectral Properties of the Southern Tail in Different Epochs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-s1-s2-and-s3-confidence-contours-for-the-tpwecl9d.png Figure 14. The s1 , s2 , and s3 confidence contours for the parameters of the front part (right contours) and rear part (left contours) of the outer southern tail derived in the period of Epochs 4–8. Spectral hardening along the tail is noticed in this period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-chandra-observations-of-the-field-of-2zq36u25.png Table 1 Details of Chandra Observations of the Field of Geminga in Different Epochs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-candidates-for-compact-extended-features-around-75pkndb5.png Figure 6. Candidates for compact extended features around Geminga as identified by visual inspection. The possible protrusions are highlighted by the boxes in each image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-time-sequence-of-chandra-5x5-exposure-corrected-2slo9sjl.png Figure 10. Time sequence of Chandra 5′×5′ exposure-corrected images (0.5–7 keV) that cover the outer tails of Geminga. The observation in 2004 is excluded in this analysis, as it did not cover the whole feature. All images are smoothed with a Gaussian kernel of s = 6 . The contours computed from the images obtained in Epoch 3 are overlaid on all images for comparing the morphology of outer tails at different epochs. https://scispace.com/papers/rate-bounds-on-ssim-index-of-quantized-image-dct-jjjiyh7yyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plots-of-rate-versus-ssim-index-for-uniform-w6rtxggn.png Figure 1: Plots of rate versus SSIM Index for uniform quantization of 64 random variables that have zero mean and variance 100. 1(a) Gaussian source. 1(b) Laplacian source. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rate-allocation-example-2-a-the-original-boats-ezmdwt72.png Figure 2: Rate allocation example: 2(a) The original Boats image. 2(b) Original quantized using the 5, 1, 1, 1 rate profile. SSIM Index = 0.7743, Laplacian estimate of SSIM Index = 0.7755. 2(c) Original quantized using the 4, 2, 1, 1, rate profile. SSIM Index = 0.7551, Laplacian estimate of SSIM Index = 0.7584. 2(d) Original quantized using the 3, 3, 1, 1 rate profile. SSIM Index = 0.6689, Laplacian estimate of SSIM Index = 0.6583. https://scispace.com/papers/rates-for-vehicle-loans-race-and-loan-source-3d341j42dz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-racial-differences-in-vehicle-loan-rates-2rrxqbar.png Table 2: Estimated Racial Differences in Vehicle Loan Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-vehicle-loan-demographic-and-financial-1uos21mc.png Table 1: Vehicle Loan, Demographic, and Financial Characteristics by Race https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-vehicle-loan-rates-across-lending-institutions-by-38bweana.png Figure 1: Vehicle Loan Rates Across Lending Institutions by Race https://scispace.com/papers/rational-design-of-dual-ir-and-visible-highly-luminescent-44fuu5drwp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-room-temperature-solid-state-emission-spectra-2d1cun7j.png Figure 7. Left: room-temperature solid-state emission spectra of [Eu2-2xLa2x(dcpa)3(H2O)]∞ with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (exc = 303 nm). Right: integrated intensity of all the observed Eu3+ transitions versus x (step is 0.1). Integrated intensity of [Eu2(dcpa)3(H2O)]∞ is set to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-thermal-analyses-of-sm2-dcpa-3-h2o-bottom-35e05h0u.png Figure 3. Top: Thermal analyses of [Sm2(dcpa)3(H2O)]∞. Bottom: Thermo-dependent X-ray diffraction patterns of [Sm2(dcpa)3(H2O)]∞ between 25 °C and 950 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-room-temperature-solid-state-emission-lexc-303-nm-1161u6np.png Figure 11. Room-temperature solid-state emission (λexc = 303 nm) spectra in both the visible and IR domains of [Nd0.03Sm0.14Eu0.03La1.8(dcpa)3(H2O)]∞. τEu = 0.93(1) ms and τSm = 0.39(1) ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-room-temperature-solid-state-excitation-em-641-nm-18vtyd68.png Figure 6. Room-temperature solid-state excitation (em = 641 nm and 1059 nm for the red and purple solid curves, respectively) and emission (exc = 303 nm) spectra of [Pr2(dcpa)3(H2O)]∞ in the visible domain (top) and of [Nd2(dcpa)3(H2O)]∞ in the IR domain (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/rational-terrorists-and-optimal-network-structure-4tjt8dbcam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-basic-star-and-chain-network-structures-2abtcf3c.png Figure 2 Basic Star and Chain Network Structures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-density-versus-security-1xdsvvlt.png Figure 3 Density versus Security https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-krebss-sociogram-of-the-9-11-network-1ib1z8rk.png Figure 1 Krebs’s Sociogram of the 9/11 Network https://scispace.com/papers/re-employment-probabilities-of-unemployment-benefit-2gv3yspht6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-ucs-in-spain-16p69kjt.png Table 1. The UCS in Spain https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-descriptive-statistics-2evxnuyc.png Table 2. Main descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-benefit-expiry-effect-on-exit-rates-recall-versus-new-1rg208qq.png Fig. 2. Benefit expiry effect on exit rates. Recall versus new jobs: (A) UI recipients and (B) UA recipients https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kaplan-meier-hazard-rates-from-unemployment-into-ptqylxff.png Fig. 1. Kaplan–Meier hazard rates from unemployment into recall or a different employer: (A) UI recipients and (B) UA recipients https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-estimated-hazard-rates-from-unemployment-into-recall-2ly8mwam.png Fig. 3. Estimated hazard rates from unemployment into recall or a different employer, after controlling for observed and unobserved heterogeneity. Predicted values are obtained at the means of covariates: (A) UI recipients and (B) UA recipients https://scispace.com/papers/rattus-management-is-essential-for-population-persistence-in-4vnkpjq3f0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-daily-nest-survival-of-mauritius-olive-white-eye-nests-24cq6ipn.png Fig. 2. Daily nest survival of Mauritius olive white-eye nests in Combo during the incubation and nestling stage in the 2010/11 breeding season under varying rat management techniques; No management (Control), snap-trapping alone (Trap) and rat poisoning and snap-trapping (Poison). Bars represent standard error. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-multiplication-rate-of-the-combo-mauritius-olive-cp3zeeeu.png Fig. 4. The multiplication rate of the Combo Mauritius olive white-eye population under different rat management techniques; No management (Control), snaptrapping alone (Trap) and rat poisoning and snap-trapping (Poison). Values were generated from a hazard analysis with the dashed line indicating a stable population; values above 1 represent an increase and below 1 a decrease in population multiplication rate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensitivity-testing-of-the-individual-based-stochastic-3jbotg0j.png Fig. 3. Sensitivity testing of the individual based stochastic simulation model illustrating the difference in mean female Mauritius olive white-eye productivity for each parameter adjusted by ± 20%; Initial first egg date (days) (1), Daily nest survival during incubation (2), Daily nest survival during nestling (3), Building duration (days) (4), Maximum number of successful nests (5), Incubation period (days) (6), Nestling period (days) (7), Egg hatching probability (8), Nestling fledging probability (9), Clutch size (10), Re-nesting probability following success (11) and Re-nesting probability following failure (12). Parameter 5 is a fixed value so was not altered. The Control territory parameter values were used as the base model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-biological-parameters-and-their-values-used-in-21bmx0pn.png Table 1. Biological parameters and their values used in calculating the mean annual productivity of breeding female Mauritius olive white-eye under differing rat management techniques; Control (No management), Trap (Snap-trapping alone) and Poison (Rat poisoning and snaptrapping). https://scispace.com/papers/rayleigh-type-behavior-of-the-young-s-modulus-of-unpoled-2qm44ifj4s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-low-frequency-youngs-modulus-and-mechanical-losses-of-2tpbs8l1.png FIG. 1. Low frequency Young’s modulus and mechanical losses of P unpoled ceramics as a function of temperature for several stresses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-low-frequency-youngs-modulus-and-mechanical-losses-0-ssdhtq5j.png FIG. 4. Low frequency Young’s modulus and mechanical losses 0.65PMN–0.35PT:Mn unpoled ceramics as a function of temperature several stresses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rayleigh-type-analysis-of-the-stress-dependence-of-the-6y26v5q6.png FIG. 2. Rayleigh type analysis of the stress dependence of the low quency Young’s modulus of unpoled PZ27 for several temperatures. https://scispace.com/papers/re-evaluating-archaeomagnetic-dates-of-the-vitrified-1yacouf99j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-posterior-probabilities-for-the-age-of-each-of-the-1t04akht.png Fig. 3. Posterior probabilities for the age of each of the sites considered individually. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-archaeomagnetic-directions-for-the-six-sites-along-1arniiml.png Fig. 2. Archaeomagnetic directions for the six sites along with the field model ARCH3k_cst. Circles are 63% cones of confidence of the mean (crosses). The oblong type forts Knock Farril (KF), Craig Phadrig (CP), Finavon(FN) and Tap O’Noth (TN) are shown in red, with the dun type forts of Langwell (LW) and Dun Skeig (DS) in purple. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-showing-the-locations-of-the-sites-discussed-knock-2z8p7drq.png Fig. 1. Map showing the locations of the sites discussed: Knock Farril (KF), Craig Phadrig (CP), Finavon(FN) ,Tap O’Noth (TN), Langwell (LW) and Dun Skeig (DS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-posterior-probabilities-for-the-preferred-age-model-3nprgmq3.png Fig. 4. Posterior probabilities for the preferred age model, assigning the sites to two groups. The first group (blue) contains Craig Phadrig, Knock Farril and Finavon, and the second group (black) contains Tap O’Noth and Langwell. Radiocarbon 95% confidence ranges for Dunideer (Cook et al., 2010) are shown as bars. https://scispace.com/papers/re-shaping-hysteretic-behaviour-spectral-analysis-and-design-449dn2m0ou 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-displacement-reduction-factors-normalized-to-the-23z0nc97.png Figure 11: Displacement reduction factors normalized to the theoretical value given by Equation (7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-dimensioned-drawing-of-the-prototype-resetable-3flnoejs.png Figure 3: a) Dimensioned drawing of the prototype resetable device, and the Force-displacement curves for actuator in a single degree of freedom structure showing both the analytical model prediction and experimental result. Ground motion is a 2 m/s2 sine wave of frequency 0.1Hz. Figure 3 b) shows a 1-3 control law, and Figure 3 c) shows a 2-4 control law. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-semi-active-devices-272crvkm.png Figure 2: Schematic representation of semi-active devices attached to a single degree-of-freedom system a) Schematic of conventional resetable device using an external plumbing system with a single valve to connect the two sides of the piston. b) Schematic of independent chamber design. Each valve vents to atmosphere for a pneumatic, or air-based device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-coefficients-of-variation-b-for-the-displacement-2rcctvix.png Figure 12: Coefficients of variation, β, for the displacement reduction factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-reduction-factors-for-the-total-base-shear-of-a-1y8yvvhq.png Figure 7: Reduction factors for the total base shear of a structure where (a-c) show the reduction factors for each suite and device, and (d) shows the averages across all suites for each device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reduction-factors-for-the-structural-force-for-a-2ckjhw23.png Figure 6: Reduction factors for the structural force for a linear, undamped structure, where (a-c) show each suite and device and (d) shows the three control laws averaged over all suites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reduction-factors-for-the-area-under-the-2z6pjerd.png Figure 8: Reduction factors for the area under the displacement response spectra between 0.5 and 2.5 second periods normalised to the uncontrolled case and averaged across all suites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-hysteresis-for-a-viscous-damping-b-a-1-4-152q9484.png Figure 1: Schematic hysteresis for a) viscous damping, b) a 1-4 device, c) a 1-3 device, and d) a 2-4 device. Quadrants are labelled in the first panel, and FB = total base shear, FS = base shear for a linear, undamped structure. FB > FS indicates an increase due to the additional damping. https://scispace.com/papers/reaction-products-and-the-x-ray-structure-of-ampdh2-a-425m9p0bgf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ampdh2-dimer-interacting-with-a-cross-linked-e2609d83.png Figure 4. AmpDh2 dimer interacting with a cross-linked peptidoglycan chain. The peptidoglycan is shown as a capped stick with glycan chains colored in orange and peptide stems in magenta. The Nterminal anchor segment would interact with the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. The pseudo-two-fold axis for the dimer indicates that the protein can bind simultaneously to two different segments of the peptidoglycan in its 3D structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-dimeric-3d-structure-of-ampdh2-in-complex-with-p2uyi1en.png Figure 3. (A) Dimeric 3D structure of AmpDh2 in complex with the peptide product, with the secondary structure elements shown. The active site for monomer in yellow is indicated with the dotted black lines, with the active site for the blue monomer located on the opposite side. The catalytic zinc ions are shown as spheres. (B) Stereo view showing the interactions between AmpDh2 and the bound peptide stem. The residues forming the active site are drawn in capped sticks. Carbon atoms of the peptide are in pink, while those in the protein are color coded as in panel A. Salt bridges and hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. (C) Molecular surface representation of AmpDh2 in complex with the stem peptide (pink capped sticks). The synthetic NAG-NAM-NAG-NAM (green sticks) observed in the AmpDh2:4S complex is superimposed to reveal the glycan-binding site. Glycan- and peptide-binding sites are labeled. The extended peptide-binding site is shown by the dashed white line (49 Å). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lc-ms-total-ion-chromatogram-of-the-reaction-of-17ozt3yh.png Figure 2. LC/MS total-ion chromatogram of the reaction of AmpDh2 followed by that of MltA with the sacculus (A) and of MltA alone as a control (B). The chemical structures of the abundant products are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hydrolytic-reactions-of-ampdh2-and-ampdh3-3b6eo2bu.png Figure 1. Hydrolytic reactions of AmpDh2 and AmpDh3. https://scispace.com/papers/reactions-to-contemporary-narratives-about-masculinity-a-3wc97avb28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1itcuuky.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kuvizxkc.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/reactive-mercury-flux-measurements-using-cation-exchange-3zh9f9wck1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-expanded-set-of-gom-flux-measurements-for-select-cysotvbx.png Figure 5. Expanded set of GOM flux measurements for select materials during summer. ΔCGOM was below 547  detection for 5 of 8 LTL measurements, and 2 of 8 TCC measurements, and these values were excluded. 548  549 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-gom-fluxes-measured-by-tekran-n88btjns.png Figure 6. Comparison of GOM fluxes measured by Tekran controlled flow sample lines and external pump flow 551  controlled sample lines, for a) System A and b) System B using TCL, TCC, LTL, and TCT summer measurements. 552  Note TCT data not graphed, as fluxes were an order of magnitude higher and skew the regression r2 towards 1. 553  554 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gom-flux-measurements-for-all-materials-winter-2016-1jyg0nj0.png Figure 7. GOM flux measurements for all materials, winter 2016. a) ΔCGOM, above detection limit for all 556  measurements b) GOM flux, no chamber blank correction (shaded orange) c) GOM flux, with chamber blank 557  correction (shaded green). 558 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-determination-of-dcgom-detection-limit-a-3bgsvyzf.png Figure 3. Determination of ΔCGOM detection limit. a) Distribution of Hg mass on unused “blank” CEM filters 532  (median = 68 pg) b) Hypothetical example of statistically detectable GOM flux criteria: shaded boxes represent the 533  maximum uncertainty in concentration, based on 95% confidence interval around the median filter blank (58 – 73 534  pg), Flux1 represents an insufficiently resolvable ΔCGOM in which the 95% confidence intervals around the median 535  blank-corrected Co and Ci values overlap, Flux2 represents the minimum detectable ΔCGOM (13.5 pg m-3), and Flux3 536  represents an obviously resolvable ΔCGOM. 537  538 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-diagram-of-one-gom-filter-based-flux-system-292b3jh3.png Figure 2. Diagram of one GOM filter-based flux system, deployed in duplicate as Systems A and B..Filter packs 527  indicate the location of the CEM samples. 528   529   530 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-gem-and-gom-flux-and-ambient-parameters-2jerr6oe.png Table I. Summary of GEM and GOM flux and ambient parameters for all measurements. Fluxes are chamber blank-568  corrected where applicable, and Vd values are based on corrected fluxes (- indicates no deposition, na indicates non-569  detectable flux). 570 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-ambient-background-gom-concentrations-3o48wnir.png Figure 8. Comparison of ambient background GOM concentrations measured at 2 m height in the greenhouse, vs 560  GOM concentrations measured at the chamber inlet, for a) Summer 2015, and b) Winter 2016. Background vs inlet 561  concentrations were comparable during Summer measurements, but inlet concentrations were much higher relative 562  to background in the winter. 563  564  565 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-test-72-h-replicate-measurements-of-tcl-material-a-ad5p1qdm.png Figure 4. Test 72 h replicate measurements of TCL material. a) ΔCGOM values: grey points indicate chamber 540  concentration (Co), blue points indicate inlet air concentration (Ci), and the numeric value of ΔCGOM is shown above 541  b) GOM flux from TCL material in three consecutive 72 h measurements, no chamber blank correction. Sample 542  line labels: AP = Pump A,PB = Pump B, AT = Tekran A, BT = Tekran B. 543  544  545 https://scispace.com/papers/read-only-memory-based-quantum-computation-experimental-3jxlvysju8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spectra-for-the-h-nucleus-for-the-one-qubit-algorithm-1ahp9uqg.png FIG. 3. Spectra for the H nucleus for the one-qubit algorithm multiplying four ROM bits~shown asu1u2u3u4). Small systematic errors are evident in the dispersive features seen in most c Other details are as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectra-for-the-h-nucleus-for-the-one-qubit-algorithm-24frhzml.png FIG. 2. Spectra for the H nucleus for the one-qubit algorithm multiplying two ROM bits ~shown asu1u2). A small systematic error is evident in the dispersive features seen in the last case. O details are as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spectra-for-h-nucleus-showing-the-implementation-our-2ivxaocx.png FIG. 1. Spectra for H nucleus showing the implementation our one-qubit solution to the Deutsch problem. The values of four ROM bits are shown above each spectrum. The fidelities~F! are also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/reading-in-developmental-prosopagnosia-evidence-for-a-1sh71ng80y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-naming-time-mean-rts-to-single-letters-and-words-in-1a7ecs3y.png Figure 2. Naming time. Mean RTs to single letters and words in Experiment 2a for DPs (n = 9) and controls (n =18). Grey circles represent individual mean RTs, black symbols and interval show grand mean and 95% CI for each group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-on-cambridge-face-memory-test-and-word-3jif9qv4.png Figure 5. Performance on Cambridge Face Memory Test and Word recognition accuracy (Experiment 2b) for individual subjects, showing the clear dissociation between face and word recognition in the DP group. The bold lines represent the mean score of the control group; the dotted lines show 2 SDs below the mean of the control group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-age-gender-and-performance-raw-scores-on-the-2xgc0w53.png Table 1. Age, gender and performance (raw scores) on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT), the Cambridge Face Perception Test (CFPT), and the Fac recognition questionnaire (FEQ) for the 10 participants with developmental prosopagnosia, and the mean and SD for the controls’ scores on these tests. Values in boldface designate performance deviating more than 2 SDs from the mean of the matched control group. In the CFMT, a low score indicates a deficit, while in the CFPT and in the FEQ a high score indicates a deficit. The maximum score on the FEQ is 87. The MRI column indicates if the participant has been scanned. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-proportion-correct-responses-at-the-ten-2hbq9zkj.png Figure 4. Mean proportion correct responses at the ten exposure durations for words and letters, in the DP-group (panel a) and controls (panel c) in Experiment 2b. Also shown is the mean difference in accuracy between words and letters (reflecting the word superiority effect) at the ten exposure durations for DPs (panel b) and control (panel d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-word-superiority-shows-the-overall-proportion-ntfomvoj.png Figure 3. Word superiority. Shows the overall proportion correct responses for briefly presented words and single letters in Experiment 2b for DPs (n = 9) and matched controls (n = 18). Grey circles represent individual accuracy scores, black symbols and interval show grand mean and 95% CI for each group. The mean exposure duration for both groups was 55 ms. https://scispace.com/papers/reading-text-when-studying-in-a-second-language-an-eye-5f53szwglr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-interaction-between-reading-goal-x-axis-hifuruor.png Figure 3. The interaction between reading goal (x-axis), language (panels) and unit length (lines) for first pass time (y-axis, in seconds). Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-interaction-between-reading-goal-x-axis-3n4d2guv.png Figure 5. The interaction between reading goal (x-axis), language (panels) and average Zipf word frequency(lines) for regression count (y-axis). Error bars represent standard errors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-interaction-between-language-and-passage-number-1q3j7tao.png Figure 6. The interaction between language and passage number (x-axis) for passage times (y-axis, in seconds). Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-the-participants-language-2ls6lifc.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the participants’ language proficiency (standard deviations between parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-texts-of-the-current-bno1jr9u.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of the texts of the current study, averaged over information units per language and information centrality type (standard deviations between parentheses). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-interaction-between-reading-goal-x-axis-2ejgbu70.png Figure 4. The interaction between reading goal (x-axis), language (panels) and average word length(lines)for regression count (y-axis). Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-interaction-between-language-x-axis-reading-itrgszzl.png Figure 1. The interaction between language (x-axis), reading goal (panels) and unit length (lines) for total reading time (y-axis, in seconds). Error bars represent standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-between-group-comparison-of-the-reading-goal-groups-eph52dc6.png Table 3. Between-group comparison of the reading goal groups on proficiency, text perception and motivation measures (standard deviations between brackets). https://scispace.com/papers/reading-videogames-as-authorless-literature-fsumiyl7fq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-extended-textual-fields-12b3n451.png Figure 1: Extended textual fields https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bricolage-23dl4ehx.png Figure 2: Bricolage https://scispace.com/papers/real-rubber-or-virtual-the-vision-of-one-s-own-body-as-a-2e6z2mh8gw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-factors-involved-in-lvw5j3b4.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the factors involved in pain modulation during body ownership (B.O.) paradigms: multisensory correlations facilitate the onset of B.O. over a fake body part, but multisensory cues may also modulate pain perception. The appearance of the body may regulate B.O. levels but also affect psychological factors such as body image and affect pain perception. Psychological factors embrace both cognitive (e.g. attentional resources, expectancy and appraisal) and emotional factors (e.g. positive or negative mood). Both body appearance and multisensory processing are strictly related to the affective/cognitive domain of the “psychological factors” group, but here are depicted as separate factors for the sake of clarity, because they are often studied as separate factors in B.O. experiments, and may contribute to shape the pain experience independently. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-activity-bioassay-of-single-osteoclasts-using-a-1ssmex2azu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-screening-for-long-term-cytotoxicity-following-2cz953eb.png Figure 4. Screening for long term cytotoxicity following variable durations of exposure to alkyl- SiNCs was carried out using the mouse macrophage /monocytic cell- line RAW264.7, a progenitor cell of the OC. (a) The maximum internalization of alkyl- SiNCs by RAW264.7 was seen within 15 minutes of exposure. (b) A 3- D intracellular confocal luminescence image from alkyl- SiNCs within OC progenitor RAW264.7 cells (the colourscale indicates luminescence intensity), and (c) an intracellular photoluminescence spectrum of alkyl SiNCs which shows that the luminescence spectrum of the particles after cellular internalization is unchanged (c.f. Refs 13, 14). (d) The 15 min exposure of RAW264.7 to SiNCs had no significant effect on the long- term viability of the cells, and RANKL- induced osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastogenesis efficiency and cell survival was estimated by counting cell number and generation of multinucleate ( 3 nuclei) TRAP positive cells. Exposure to SiNCs had no effect on cell proliferation, the mean ± S .D. cell number at day 3, 6 and 12 for control and tests were 15 ± 8 vs. 15 ± 7; 35 ± 10 vs. 33 ± 8; and 45 ± 7 vs. 49 ± 4. All experiments ranged between n = 5 to 8 and were repeated at least on three different occasions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-change-in-luminescence-intensity-with-time-of-1wr0vglm.png Figure 5. The change in luminescence intensity with time of single primary OCs cultured on pressed hydroxyapatite matrix, comprising collagen 1 and - 23 - https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-primary-oc-resorptive-activity-h61s3yl7.png Table 1. Parameters of primary OC resorptive activity performed in vitro using SiNC- impregnated pressed hydroxyapatite /collagen 1 matrix. The parameters were extracted from a non- linear regression using the method of least squares and the logistic equation (1) as a model function for the luminescence- time curves (Figure 5). Values are reported as mean ± sem estimated from the covariance matrix obtained from the Levenberg- Marquardt non- linear regression and also replicate experiments (n in brackets). I is the total increase in luminescence intensity above baseline as t , τ is the delay time in the logistic equation and k is the rate constant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-luminescence-images-at-different-time-points-of-an-1f5luplh.png Figure 6. Luminescence images at different time points of an OC on SiNCimpregnated hydroxyapatite /collagen 1 matrix during a typical control assay. "Control" means an OC resorption assay in the absence of inhibitors and stimulants. The image is in false color and indicates luminescence intensity; see fig 4(c) for the spectrum of the luminescence. (a) 5 min; (b) 10 min; (c) 15 min; (d) 20 min and (e) 25 min. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-showing-the-structure-of-the-silicon-1ykd5860.png Figure 1. Diagram showing the structure of the silicon nanocrystals employed in the assay. The Si core is known to be crystalline and is responsible for the luminescence (18). The alkyl monolayer caps the core and slows down the corrosion of the core by water /oxygen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-disc-of-artificial-matrix-15-mm-diameter-and-1-mm-23vuyd0u.png Figure 3. A disc of artificial matrix (15 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness) comprising hydroxyapatite impregnated with alkyl- SiNCs as used for osteoclast resorption assays. (a) The smoothness of the matrix surface is demonstrated by atomic force microscopy (the grayscale corresponds to a height of 140 nm and the rms roughness over the field of view was 30 nm). (b) The uniformity of the distribution of SiNCs over the matrix surface is shown by fluorescence microscopy (λex = 488 nm; 550 < λem < 650 nm). The image is in false color and indicates luminescence intensity; see fig 4(c) for the spectrum of the luminescence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-diagram-showing-a-the-basic-concept-of-3a2sq35z.png Figure 2. A schematic diagram showing (a) the basic concept of the assay in which the OC releases SiNCs from the matrix and then internalizes them by the process of resorption, and contrasting this with (b) the direct uptake by the OC of SiNCs dispersed in the culture medium. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-optical-flow-range-estimation-on-the-iwarp-2wczdw957n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oak-ridge-national-laboratory-ornl-iwarp-system-1m0gtpkh.png Figure 3: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) iWarp system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-loop-time-detail-not-including-iwarp-to-host-i-o-cbakkp4b.png Figure 10: Loop time detail (not including iWarp to Host I/O). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-e-ect-of-load-balancing-9b1n00hj.png Figure 9: E ect of load balancing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-static-data-distribution-network-22qi4yuf.png Figure 4: Static data distribution network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-static-data-distribution-network-performance-392lq5uz.png Figure 5: Static data distribution network performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compute-node-time-with-load-balancing-and-110-vprs-32colads.png Table 1: Compute node time with load balancing and 110 VPRs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-image-with-corresponding-intensity-coded-range-map-3w595dq0.png Figure 8: Image with corresponding intensity coded range map. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-the-iwarp-distributed-memory-2ajg3hoe.png Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the iWarp distributed-memory multicomputer. https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-search-based-planning-in-structure-environments-2dyj090lwi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-overview-of-architecture-system-26b9ydw2.png Fig. 4: Overview of Architecture System https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rviz-shows-only-black-blocks-2b6m47ea.png Fig. 3: Rviz shows only black blocks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3-left-bug-1-center-bug-2-right-targent-bug-3madhl4p.png Fig. 1: [3] Left: Bug 1; Center: Bug 2; Right: Targent Bug; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rviz-shows-only-black-blocks-ib57zmeq.png Fig. 2: Rviz shows only black blocks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-left-simulated-nao-on-rvizy-right-simulated-nao-on-s9ou53q3.png Fig. 5: Left: Simulated Nao on Rvizy; Right: Simulated Nao on Rviz with extra axe and name shown https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rviz-shows-only-black-blocks-13ykfao5.png Fig. 6: Rviz shows only black blocks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-top-visualize-the-real-time-environment-1-m-line-is-2z3tfpd5.png Fig. 7: Top: Visualize the real-time environment - (1) m-line: is the linear and shortest distance between start point and final goal point as the assumption. (2) Bottom: https://scispace.com/papers/realizing-low-impedance-rendering-in-admittance-type-haptic-4ts3qlut2y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-experimental-results-with-the-proposed-iss-approach-a-10l1fwig.png Fig. 13: Experimental results with the proposed ISS approach; (a) Position responses (m = 0.0001 kg), (b) Force responses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-representation-of-an-admittance-type-haptic-29fxiyyq.png Fig. 1: Conceptual representation of an admittance-type haptic interface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-s9jwzor0.png Fig. 2: Experimental setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-overall-configuration-of-impedance-type-haptic-xgurc5hi.png Fig. 4: Overall configuration of impedance-type haptic simulation system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-position-vs-force-trajectory-of-an-impedance-type-3ru586fe.png Fig. 5: Position vs. force trajectory of an impedance-type haptic interface in single contact and separation motion. Signals are captured in between haptic device and discrete interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-low-inertia-rendering-experimental-results-a-position-yp40j8xp.png Fig. 3: Low inertia rendering experimental results; (a) Position response, (b) Force response. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-block-diagram-representation-of-an-admittance-type-2jvwj8fe.png Fig. 8: Block diagram representation of an admittance-type haptic interface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-graphical-illustration-of-input-output-behavior-from-eylxbvqu.png Fig. 6: A graphical illustration of input-output behavior from a counterclockwise hysteresis. https://scispace.com/papers/real-world-evidence-of-tnf-inhibition-in-axial-2yn9zvcoe5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-count-of-trials-for-which-bsrbr-as-participants-met-258t7c2s.png Table 2 Count of trials for which BSRBR-AS participants met eligibility criteria https://scispace.com/papers/real-time-task-recognition-based-on-knowledge-workers-3ut9b7cdw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dataset-amount-of-checked-labels-per-user-users-2e8x74mc.png Table 1: Dataset - amount of checked labels per user. (Users ordered on amount of data, users J and B were https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dashboard-with-gantt-chart-visualization-presenting-2idxncqo.png Figure 3: Dashboard with Gantt chart visualization presenting tasks performed during the day. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dashboard-with-pie-chart-visualization-showing-242a29n8.png Figure 2: Dashboard with Pie chart visualization showing amount of spent time per task. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-view-to-check-or-correct-the-automatic-labe-ling-21mcd8oc.png Figure 1: View to check or correct the automatic labe ling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-learning-curves-for-the-different-classifiers-for-kre4sr0z.png Figure 4: Learning curves for the different classifiers, for some selected users. Note: ZeroR provides a baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/reassessing-competition-concerns-in-electronic-3mu3catci7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-stylised-ecm-21ccf1dc.png Figure 1: A stylised ECM https://scispace.com/papers/reasoning-with-multiple-agent-possibilistic-logic-17v3ev6398 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-refutation-tree-of-example-1-1zth20nm.png Fig. 1. Refutation tree of Example 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-multiple-agent-logic-and-1dz7urik.png Fig. 5. Comparison between multiple-agent logic and possibilistic multiple-agent logic in terms of computational time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-execution-time-of-the-algorithm-for-large-3ojt9m3t.png Fig. 4. Execution time of the algorithm for large possibilistic multiple-agent bases https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-execution-time-of-the-refutation-algorithm-for-large-2dsi2uqp.png Fig. 3. Execution time of the refutation algorithm for large multiple agent bases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-refutation-tree-of-example-2-1q23mesz.png Fig. 2. Refutation tree of Example 2 https://scispace.com/papers/reassessing-changes-in-diurnal-temperature-range-a-new-data-2z4l3d12sv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-of-potential-breakpoint-structure-and-355rijqk.png Figure 2. Summary of potential breakpoint structure and magnitude for different combinations of break magnitudes in Tx and Tn. (top row) The effects in (left) Tm and (right) DTR. (bottom left) The greatest magnitude break (Tx— red, Tn—blue, DTR—purple; there are no cases where Tm is uniquely the largest breakpoint). (bottom right) Same as Figure 2 (bottom left) but restricting to DTR and Tm (DTR—purple, Tm—green). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-station-count-over-time-for-the-globe-and-north-2pk218hz.png Figure 8. Station count over time for the globe and North America (45°W–135°W, 25–60°N), Europe (10°W–60°E, 25–60°N), and Australia (110°E–155°E, 10°S–45°S). Note that the y axis range in each panel differs substantially. Stations are included only if a climatology over 1971–2000 can be calculated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-maximum-spatial-coverage-october-1987-for-the-data-2t3c4i4j.png Figure 7. Maximum spatial coverage (October 1987) for the data set, after application of a 1971–2000 climatology period requirement on all station records and gridding onto a 5° by 5° grid. The majority of grid boxes contain fewer than 10 stations, but some well-sampled regions contain many more. Coverage varies substantially through time (cf. Figure 8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-globally-averaged-dtr-behavior-each-monthly-dtr-13hvdbji.png Figure 12. Globally averaged DTR behavior. Each monthly DTR average has been defined by a simple cos(lat) weighted average of all grid boxes reporting data in the given month. Then annual means (solid) and running decadal means (dashed) calculated. Data are globally incomplete (Figure 6) and vary substantially in density and trend behavior regionally over time (Figures 7–10). Black is raw data, red is homogenized directly, and blue is homogenized indirectly. Trend estimates from OLS are given below the figure panel for the whole period of record. See Table 2 for their 5–95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a comparison to those for other periods and the regions in Figure 13. Close agreement during 1971–2000 is in part an artifact of the data shown being anomalies from this base period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-station-holdings-in-the-v1-global-and-zlzso1yh.png Figure 1. Summary of station holdings in the v1 global and surface air temperature databank release [Rennie et al., 2014]. Station availability for (top) Tm and (middle) Tx. Longer series overplot shorter series. Tn is similar to Tx. (bottom) The station count through time by element (time axis truncated to midnineteenth century on for presentational purposes). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-applied-adjustments-by-running-the-2r1usa0a.png Figure 3. Distribution of applied adjustments by running the PHA on (top left) diurnal temperature range, (top right) maximum temperatures, (bottom left) minimum temperatures, and (bottom right) average temperatures derived from maximum and minimummeasures only. In each panel is given the mean of the adjustments population, its standard deviation, skew, and the count of returned adjustment estimates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-as-in-figure-9-except-for-the-1979-2012-period-203g3ihc.png Figure 11. As in Figure 9 except for the 1979–2012 period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-time-series-plot-for-globally-averaged-maximum-tx-2ea8dyk4.png Figure 16. Time series plot for globally averaged maximum (Tx, red shaded lines) and minimum (Tn, blue shaded lines) temperatures using the same method as for DTR in Figure 11. Note that the y axis range in this figure is 2.5 times that in Figure 11. Only direct adjustments are available for these elements. https://scispace.com/papers/reassessing-the-trade-off-hypothesis-how-misery-drives-the-1bbjkue0tu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-multilevel-ordered-probit-models-of-presidential-jatfnrlf.png Table 1: Multilevel ordered probit models of presidential approval. Estimates are mean and standard deviation of parameter posterior distributions. Models predict 50.3% of individual responses; the proportional reduction of error statistic for these models is about 0.12 (see fn. 19). Fixed effects estimates are: 0.02±0.01 for education, −0.01±0.01 for age and gender, and 0.026±0.01 for urban. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-predictors-of-the-effect-of-corruption-3ez19143.png Figure 5: Predictors of the effect of corruption victimization on presidential approval conditional on inflation and unemployment. Estimates are medians and 95% credible intervals of marginal effects form Model 3. Predictors are standardized. https://scispace.com/papers/recasting-the-cancer-stem-cell-hypothesis-unification-using-2n6n8gxgsp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-two-competing-models-of-tumor-growth-regarding-f9ctqtan.png Figure 1. The two competing models of tumor growth regarding replicative and tumor forming potential. Left: the hierarchical, or cancer stem cell, model in which only a subset of cells, the putative cancer stem cells, or Tumor Initiating Cells (TICs), have the ability to proliferate indefinitely and can recapitulate the entire tumor, while all others are doomed to differentiation into Transit Amplifying Cells (TACs) and eventual Terminal Differentiation (TD) and then death; and, Right: The standard proliferative model, in which each cell has the same ability, with low probability, to form tumors. We represent clonogenicity on the bottom of each panel where, on the left the red box means that the TICs have high probability and all others have none, and on the right that all cells have equal, low clonogenic potential. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-sox2-fluorescence-of-cell-36narlml.png Figure 3. Distribution of SOX2 fluorescence of cell populations grown in differing environments. Analogous to clonogenic state distribution of population of cells, we see a large variation in the population distributions with shifts of the mean of clonogenic potential to the right (corresponding to higher expression of SOX2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-microenvironmental-factors-shown-to-increase-155bgiji.png Table 1. Microenvironmental factors shown to increase stemness in the literature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-from-a-discrete-compartment-based-description-to-a-3c4sir7q.png Figure 2. From a discrete, compartment-based description to a continuum. Left: The standard hierarchical stem cell hypothesis, in which each cell type, i = (0,1,2), self-renews, differentiates and dies at rates ρi, βi and δi respectively. The given ordinary differential equations thus describe the dynamics of each subpopulation. This rigid, unidirectional model has been extended to various contexts such as dedifferentiation, but the discrete architecture has remained unchanged. Right: The proposed Continuum Force Balance (CFB) model, which allows for a continuum of possible states along the clonogenic state axis (c) which could govern a growth rate, ρ(c, t), incorporates flux of cells along the axis (Jc) as driven by microenvironmental ‘forces’ ( fi). TIC: Tumor Initiating Cell, TAC: Transit Amplifying Cell, TD: Terminally Differentiated cell. https://scispace.com/papers/recapturing-escaped-fish-from-marine-aquaculture-is-largely-4w2bmqcd8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-data-from-studies-that-have-documented-ypfdyxb1.png Table 1. Summary of data from studies that have documented recaptures of escaped farmed fish (either real escape or simulated experimental escape) indicating the farmed fish species (Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), sea bream (Sparus aurata), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and meagre (Argyrosomus regius), farm environment, region, country, fish size, number of fish escaped and recapture rate (%). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2o6scui6.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1kvcbvjr.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mk80r8cx.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-antitrypanosomal-chemotherapy-patent-34kra88r9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-licensed-antitrypanosomal-drugs-k0086y82.png Figure 1. Licensed antitrypanosomal drugs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-enzymatic-activity-of-cpis-5sdcj3ca.png Table 1. Enzymatic activity of CPIs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ctp-synthetase-inhibitors-2duupoaq.png Figure 6. CTP synthetase inhibitors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-peptide-based-cpis-2ubrgk7c.png Figure 2. Peptide-based CPIs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-single-synthetic-entities-3596ms5v.png Figure 8. Single synthetic entities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-non-peptide-cpis-30xnhw4d.png Figure 3. Non-peptide CPIs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dna-modulating-agents-36x9gigk.png Figure 5. DNA modulating agents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-natural-product-derivatives-2vswe3c8.png Figure 7. Natural product derivatives https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-high-density-area-array-interconnect-3gy4beupu8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-resistance-n-per-channel-3ptfw3ew.png Table 2: Average Resistance (n) Per Channel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electrical-connectivity-for-cu-cu-and-cu-sn-cu-bonded-y295vafm.png Fig. 2. Electrical connectivity for Cu-Cu and Cu/Sn-Cu bonded samples in terms of% of good channels out of 128 channels in the test vehicle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metal-metal-bonding-conditions-azweak61.png Table 1: Metal-Metal Bonding Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-die-shear-test-results-for-cu-sn-cu-bonded-samples-epfndvsz.png Fig. 6: Die shear test results for Cu/Sn-Cu bonded samples after isothermal storage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cross-section-sem-micrographs-ofcu-cu-bonds-2u7ef0gn.png Fig. 4. Cross-section SEM micrographs ofCu-Cu bonds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-die-shear-strength-ofcu-cu-and-cu-sn-cu-bonded-samples-3nazy4cl.png Fig. 3. Die shear strength ofCu-Cu and Cu/Sn-Cu bonded samples. Max. load of tool is 10 kg = 113 MPa. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-land-surface-climate-observations-on-the-2cil3c1q11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-surface-albedo-variation-over-the-tibetan-plateau-dcthtfsj.png Fig. 3. The surface albedo variation over the Tibetan Plateau. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-diurnal-variation-of-the-abl-height-over-the-mt-38oi5ih7.png Fig. 4. The diurnal variation of the ABL height over the Mt. Everest area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-sites-layout-during-the-global-energy-and-water-2w0pcx2c.png Fig. 2. The sites layout during the Global Energy and Water cycle Experiment(GEWEX) Asian Monsoon Experiment on the Tibetan Plateau (GAME/Tibet)and the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau (CAMP/Tibet). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-instruments-and-parameters-measured-in-the-14h5laua.png Table 1. The instruments and parameters measured in the comprehensive observation and research stations and observational sites of the TORP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-instruments-and-parameters-measured-in-the-sites-30g5bjdk.png Table 2. The instruments and parameters measured in the sites of the mesoscale network of the TORP. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-bolide-entry-modeling-a-bolide-potpourri-1bv7xqo638 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-power-balance-in-a-panchromatic-passband-ifg6uajy.png Figure 5. Total power balance in a panchromatic passband versus time for the Neuschwanstein meteorite fall (ReVelle et al., 2004). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-panchromatic-luminous-efficiency-as-a-function-of-2q4gnsmy.png Figure 3. Panchromatic luminous efficiency as a function of mass, air density and velocity near the end of the atmospheric trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bolide-property-diagram-i-e-values-of-the-bulk-1fizpz23.png Figure 1. Bolide property diagram, i.e., values of the bulk density (kg/m3) versus the mean ablation parameter (kg/MJ) during entry as a function of contoured values of the breaking strength (Pa) for meteoroids which were assumed to be homogeneous in their density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-panchromatic-luminosity-modeling-36wkxgje.png Figure 4. Example of panchromatic luminosity modeling prediction for Benesov (entry parameters assigned: sphere of unchanging shape, initial radius=0.50 m, Zenith angle of the radiant=9.4 , initial velocity=21. 8 km/s, uniform volume porosity=15%, Final number of fragments=8, collective wake model behavior assumed for an initial mass of =1647 kg and a predicted terminal mass=61.02 kg). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-panchromatic-luminous-efficiency-as-a-function-of-133tqnnr.png Figure 2. Panchromatic luminous efficiency as a function of mass, air density and velocity near the beginning of the atmospheric trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-modified-knudsen-number-and-the-classical-qoasoxy1.png Figure 6. The modified Knudsen number and the classical Knudsen number as a function of height for very small entering meteoroids (with the classical Knudsen number modified Knudsen number – for details see the text). https://scispace.com/papers/recent-developments-in-formulation-design-for-improving-oral-1evxouaiqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-1575-standard-deviation-not-shown-in-the-2ii9u1bo.png Figure 8 1575 * Standard deviation not shown in the publication https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-comparative-graph-of-curcumin-oral-absorption-35ffcpi0.png Figure 16: Comparative graph of curcumin oral absorption results of the novel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-comparison-of-curcumin-oral-absorption-results-of-3vtcwexu.png Figure 14: Comparison of curcumin oral absorption results of the novel microemulsion formulations at the curcumin equivalent doses of (A) 50mg/kg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-curcumin-oral-absorption-of-curcumin-238irwid.png Figure 12: Comparison of curcumin oral absorption of curcumin loaded 1480 micelles formulation (A) curcumin oral doses of 10 mg/kg for curcumin-loaded mixed micelle and (B) curcumin control (Patil et al., 2015); (C) 100mg/kg for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-curcumin-oral-absorption-results-of-21w01k1i.png Figure 13: Comparison of curcumin oral absorption results of the novel nanoemulsion formulations (A) at an oral dose of 8mg/kg for Chitosan coated, piperine loaded oil in water nanoemulsion (B) curcumin control (Vecchione et https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-comparison-of-the-curcumin-oral-absorption-results-3b4r3bgz.png Figure 15: Comparison of the curcumin oral absorption results at the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-list-of-fda-approved-nanodrugs-junghanns-and-38025b2d.png Table 1. A List of FDA approved nanodrugs (Junghanns and Muller, 2008). 460 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1545-2929fndv.png Figure 4 1545 https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-in-self-assembled-nanoparticles-for-drug-2skipmkqzq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-of-self-assembled-nanoparticulates-1qtgthtp.png Table 1. Classification of self-assembled nanoparticulates. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-advances-on-stochastic-and-noise-enhanced-methods-in-vx59k3yudu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-memristor-based-randomness-source-2cafn0ni.png Fig. 6: A memristor-based randomness source. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stochastic-variable-node-implementation-based-on-a-3sbkqynx.png Fig. 1: Stochastic variable node implementation based on a Muller C-element with J/K flip-flop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-variable-node-implementation-for-the-ngdbf-1hycqbbq.png Fig. 2: Typical variable node implementation for the NGDBF algorithm based on a toggle flip-flop. Inputs are channel information y, threshold θ, random perturbation q, and adjacent parity-check messages sj . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-ml-approaching-performance-for-the-pgdbf-2bl4fttz.png Fig. 4: Example of ML-approaching performance for the PGDBF algorithm on the Tanner code with N = 155. For each algorihtm, the maximum allowed iterations per frame are indicated in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-noise-enhanced-performance-for-stochastic-3bjejbpw.png Fig. 3: Example of noise-enhanced performance for stochastic, IDB and NGDBF algorithms, applied to the IEEE 802.3an 10GBase-T standard. NGDBF allows a maximum of 600 iterations to decode a frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-iterative-data-flow-in-stochastic-vs-bf-36shcrx1.png Fig. 5: Comparison of iterative data flow in stochastic vs BF architectures. https://scispace.com/papers/recipient-and-donor-experiences-of-known-egg-donation-2c3hbgz3wa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-information-for-study-participants-n-10-27n8q28o.png Table 1. Demographic information for study participants (n=10).¹² https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-table-of-themes-with-quotes-1-34l62v75.png Table II. Table of themes, with quotes.¹ https://scispace.com/papers/recent-results-for-the-cms-tracker-silicon-detectors-ka0hj1si8s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-inter-strip-resistance-as-a-function-of-bias-38bhvzjm.png Figure 2: Inter-strip resistance as a function of bias voltage for low resistivity (1.5 k cm) and high resistivity (>5 k cm) detectors irradiated at 1014 1 MeV equivalent n cm 2. All measurements have been performed in DC. The substrates have<111> crystal orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-signal-measured-with-minimum-ionizing-particles-on-1uhkww92.png Figure 4: Signal measured with minimum ionizing particles on non-irradiated detectors with (a) 300 m and (b) 500 m thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inter-strip-backplane-and-total-capacitance-347qa97f.png Figure 5: Inter-strip, backplane and total capacitance measured in non-irradiated devices of different thicknesses and strip width over pitch of 0.15. Thex coordinate represents thep=d ratio corrected for finite strip width (see footnote 1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-depletion-voltage-of-a-high-resistivity-5-k-cm-and-1kvi721p.png Figure 1: Depletion voltage of (a) high resistivity (>5 k cm) and (b) low resistivity (1.5 k cm) detectors at different values of 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence. Measurements have been done on diodes both immediately after irradiation and after a 7 days annealing period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inter-strip-capacitance-measured-at-100-khz-between-2jmt3r78.png Figure 3: Inter-strip capacitance measured at 100 KHz between two neighbouring metal strips, on low resistivity detectors with different crystal lattice orientation, after irradiation at 1014 1 MeV equivalent n cm 2. The strip pitch is 61 m and the strip width is 14 m. https://scispace.com/papers/recent-north-greenland-temperature-warming-and-accumulation-1ievf97ivo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-accumulation-from-the-snow-cores-collected-during-h0gypk4a.png Table 5: Accumulation from the snow cores collected during the 2017 wind sledge traverse from summer 2015-summer 2016. 15 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-maps-of-greenland-from-hirham5-g546hf1q.png Figure 4: Correlation maps of Greenland from HIRHAM5 reanalyses for the locations of the cores A1-A6, based on annual average precipitation minus evaporation records. Darker green area represents grid points that correlate well with R-values of up to 1, while lighter yellow areas show no correlation at all. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-annual-mean-accumulation-from-hirham-reanalyses-6ptxbhd7.png Figure 5: Annual mean accumulation from HIRHAM reanalyses plotted against the firn annual mean accumulation reconstructions for the cores A1-A6. Using data from all cores the correlation is 0.69 (CI 0.61, CI 0.76). The model consequently underestimates the accumulation we observe in the firn cores. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-surface-elevation-m-above-the-wgs84-ellipsoid-of-q85rgyon.png Figure 6: Surface elevation (m above the WGS84 ellipsoid of the local area close to the EastGRIP deep ice core drilling site shown together with the firn cores obtained in this study T2015 A4 and T 2015 A5 (circles), snow cores from the same traverse in 2015 10 (triangles), snow core from 2017 (WP506), as well as other snow and firn cores (diamonds). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-annual-mean-accumulation-pearson-correlations-r2-3bz0os52.png Table 4: Annual mean accumulation pearson correlations (R2) between sites as observed in the firn core for their 10 overlapping period; 1998-2015 and in the HIRHAM5 model domain. Model correlations are in italic. Correlations are shown in bold if p<0.02. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-decadal-water-equivalent-annual-accumulation-as-22jnf4j8.png Table 3: Decadal water equivalent annual accumulation as observed from the firn cores 2015TA1 to 2015T-A6. The cores are ordered with A1 being most west and the last (A5) most eastward (ordering is also north to south). Also shown is the mean for the overlapping periods between the cores (1997-2014) and the full core accumulation mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-north-greenland-accumulation-color-scale-27m3fcv8.png Figure 1: Map of North Greenland accumulation. Color scale indicate the accumulation in m w.eq. yr-1 from Burgess et al., 2010. Circles indicate the position of the 6 firn cores drilled in Northern Greenland (T2015-A1 to T2015-A6, table 1) and the 2017 snow cores (WPxxx and WS2017-x, table 5) from this study. Note that the cores T2015-A1 (NEEM site) to T2015-A3 all are on the local 10 western ice divide. T2015-A6, is located on the central ice divide and T2015-A4 and T2015-A5 are on the east side of the divide located close to the EastGRIP ice core drilling site (details shown in figure 6). The 2017 snow cores are all east of the divide. In addition accumulation from snow cores collected in 2015 is shown (Schaller et al., 2016) indicated by a triangle facing up, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-accumulation-with-time-dashed-coloured-lines-show-4ditsv0w.png Figure 2: Accumulation with time. Dashed coloured lines show annually reconstructed accumulation from the firn cores in m w.eq. a-1, while thick lines are the 5 yr running average; A1 (blue), A2 (red), A3 (green), A4 (cyan), A5 (purple) and A6 (yellow). In dashed black is shown the HIRHAM5 annual precipitation minus evaporation for the 6 sites and full black is the 5 year running average from the model. In brown is shown IceBridge radar results of the accumulation between dated horizons (Gabriel Lewis et al. 2017) and in grey accumulation from snow cores take in 2015 as presented in Schaller et al., 2016. For the cores A4 and A5 the NEGIS ice 10 core is also shown ((Vallelonga et al., 2014)). https://scispace.com/papers/recognizing-objects-by-piecing-together-the-segmentation-5gc3r68098 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-illustration-of-efficient-dot-product-computation-2hwa034g.png Figure 3. Illustration of efficient dot product computation rjTy between a binary region mask (top left) rj = I(Rj) and a template y (top right) using a discrete version of Green’s theorem. The equation is rjTy = RR Rj ∂Iuy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-image-gray-level-correlation-ncc-and-xcqvdf86.png Figure 4. Comparison of image (gray level) correlation (NCC), and segmentation (multiple segments) correlation P j σj(y), used in this paper. Middle row: the horse head (left) is correlated with 2 opposite templates y, 1− y of a horse nose (top row), showing the noisy correlation score and its spurious local optima (many false detections). The problem is that the high-contrasting edge between the sky and the fence eclipses the faint edge between the head and the fence. Bottom row: in both cases, the segmentation correlation produces 2 clear local optima: 1 for the nose of the horse, and one for the right part of the fence, despite drastic illumination change. There is a good combination of superpixels that matches the template at those 2 locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-articulated-segmentation-template-the-junction-1jvntk6y.png Figure 5. Articulated segmentation template. The junction points from head to torso and from torso to head (backprojected from their location in original unwarped template) are within a radius 30 pixels. Any feasible affine deformation is applied to the head, fixing the torso. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-alignment-and-segmentation-of-horse-images-to-whole-3qfqq6dv.png Figure 6. Alignment and segmentation of horse images to whole object templates. Column 2 shows the recovered segmentation in cyan, together with the outline of the corresponding affinely registered template. An oracle best out of 10 strategy was used here. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-6-detections-of-back-pair-of-legs-red-given-the-12vq801m.png Figure 7. Top 6 detections of back pair of legs (red) given the torso (blue), sorted by our scoring function, with articulated segmentation templates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-efficient-object-part-indexing-by-matching-a-1ykh8363.png Figure 1. Efficient object/part indexing by matching a combination of segments with a template mask. Left: input image and its bottom-up segmentation into 60 superpixels. We seek the best hamming-distance matching between affine transformations of a training template (top-right) and a combination of superpixels. Middle: two particular translations of the template are shown, along with the best corresponding combination of superpixels. Bottom: corresponding hamming-distance scores for each possible translation, using matlab colormap (blue is low). We extract the top few local minima as candidates for reranking and display the best one, bottom right. On typical images, our efficient exhaustive search across combinations of segments and translations can be done in 0.01 second, orders of magnitude faster than naive brute-force search. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-alignment-and-segmentation-using-articulated-3mt9znof.png Figure 8. Alignment and segmentation using articulated templates (4 parts). Columns 1/5 and 2/6: image and over-segmentation into 60 superpixels. Columns 3/7: closest mask to the ground truth label among the top 10 hypothesis computed for each part. Columns 4/8: corresponding foreground. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-20-training-images-used-as-templates-for-shape-250br1ob.png Figure 2. The 20 training images used as templates for shape detection. We hand segmented each image into 12 body parts, but only 4 coarser parts were used in our experiments (see text). https://scispace.com/papers/recognizing-and-remembering-individuals-online-and-3vemgtlk0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experiment-data-statistics-per-individual-3iyr4tue.png Table 1: Experiment Data Statistics Per Individual https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kismets-visual-attention-system-15-picks-out-low-14ubic4e.png Figure 3: Kismet’s visual attention system [15] picks out low-level perceptual stimuli (highly saturated colors, motion, face, and skin tone) that are particularly salient and direct the robot’s attention to gaze toward them. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-schematic-of-the-online-and-unsupervised-face-e9h7kj7i.png Figure 2: The schematic of the online and unsupervised face recognition system. The system receives video stream as input and learn to recognize individuals in an online and unsupervised manner. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experimental-results-with-nine-subjects-number-jk7teqmj.png Figure 6: Experimental results with nine subjects. Number below each bar indicates the starting image index of each individual sequence. The thick vertical lines above the sequence bars indicate the start and end of batches collected for post-processing. Note that in the third addition to the training set, since the training set already ‘knows about’ P2, the new P2 cluster is simply merged into the existing P2 class in the training set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-sequence-of-system-output-for-p9-grey-unknown-2xtro2h4.png Figure 7: The sequence of system output for P9. Grey = unknown. Black = not a face. White column (of length x) = a known individual x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kismet-is-an-expressive-robotic-creature-designed-1bgay0a3.png Figure 1: Kismet is an expressive robotic creature designed for natural social interaction with human [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-data-analysis-during-pre-training-phase-the-x-axis-1ev2kw06.png Figure 4: Data analysis during pre-training phase. The x-axis represents each image in an input batch, taken from an interaction sequence. The y-axis represents each image’s distance to the estimated face space and distance to its closest neighbor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-sample-heuristic-clustering-process-with-3-3hmqn45c.png Figure 5: A sample heuristic clustering process with 3 individuals in an input batch. Image 0-28 belongs to person 1. Image 29-59 belongs to person 2. Image 60-87 belongs to person 3. On the left are all images and the resulting nine clusters. In the right graph, the x-axis represents each image https://scispace.com/papers/recombinant-technology-in-the-development-of-materials-and-2o39xxlnqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-summary-of-recombinant-collagen-based-materials-1oy97219.png Table 9. Summary of recombinant collagen-based materials recently developed https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-experimental-results-of-the-application-of-different-3hdqd9y4.png Table 6. Experimental results of the application of different recombinant silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-representation-of-the-elr-collagen-13xv5jqi.png Figure 7. Schematic representation of the ELR-collagen corneal substitute design, production and biofunctional assays. Adapted from ref[149] https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recombinant-tropoelastin-devices-fabricated-for-soft-3nkfuu6d.png Table 1. Recombinant tropoelastin devices fabricated for soft tissue regeneration. Chemical and physical methods for crosslinking tropoelastin and tropoelastin´s blends and biological in vitro and in vivo assays performed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-schematic-representation-of-the-produced-click-elr-3nue5ugx.png Figure 6. Schematic representation of the produced Click ELR-covered stents. A: scheme of the stenosis of vascular vessel and of the fail or success of stent implantation. B: https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-experimental-results-of-the-application-of-different-34uch2o7.png Table 7. Experimental results of the application of different recombinant silk-collagen-like proteins (SCLPs). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-applications-of-recombinant-spidroin-derived-22672n42.png Table 8. Applications of recombinant spidroin derived proteins https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-surface-modification-with-tropoelastin-derived-exons-252lqcr5.png Table 4. Surface modification with tropoelastin-derived exons and in vitro and in vivo experiments performed with coated materials. https://scispace.com/papers/recombinant-tmv-vector-for-production-of-highly-immunogenic-4u12nqsmjd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elisa-analysis-of-infected-plants-total-protein-2pe1g6rd.png Table 1. ELISA analysis of infected plants. Total protein isolated from recombinant TMV/HSV-2gD, TMV/HSV-2VP16 and TMV/GFP as well as from healthy control plant were immobilised in microtiter plates and incubated with monoclonal antibodies MAb:HSV2gD, MAb:HSV-2VP16 and PAb of engineered TMV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-chimeric-tmv-infection-of-nicotiana-benthamiana-plants-7oktvb8n.png Fig. 2: Chimeric TMV infection of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. A, Healthy, non-infected plant; B-C, typical symptoms on infected plants; D, gD; E, VP16 and F, GFP expressing plants https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-western-blot-analysis-of-semi-purified-proteins-from-3ficm2u0.png Fig. 6. Western blot analysis of semi-purified proteins from infected N. benthamiana plants A. The membrane was probed with anti-gD monoclonal antibodies. 1, 2 and 4-6, extracts from TMV::gD infected plants; C, extract from non-infected plants. B. The membrane was probed with anti-VP16 monoclonal antibodies. C, extracts from non-infected plants. 1-3 and 5-8, extracts from TMV::VP16 infected plants https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gfp-assay-on-n-benthamiana-leaves-a-non-infected-1ct7ebl1.png Fig. 3 GFP assay on N. benthamiana leaves A. Non-infected leaves; B, leaves infected with the TMVGFP construct https://scispace.com/papers/recommendation-on-item-graphs-2b5l3o2brj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-influence-of-the-regularization-parameter-the-1rm0ee28.png Figure 3. The influence of the regularization parameter. The abscissa is α = 1/(1+ γ), and the ordinate is the OC value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-influence-of-the-neighborhood-size-the-abscissa-is-2tifmcpg.png Figure 4. Influence of the neighborhood size. The abscissa is the size of the neighborhood, and the ordinate is the OC value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-comparison-of-different-methods-the-1oaepdhc.png Figure 2. Performance comparison of different methods. The ordinate represents the order consistency value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-irsm-algorithm-1ptykyg6.png Figure 1. Flowchart of the IRSM algorithm. https://scispace.com/papers/reconfigurable-model-execution-in-the-openmdao-framework-5d1uhc5jcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transfers-are-performed-by-the-lowest-common-3ng7y64z.png Figure 3: Transfers are performed by the lowest common ancestor for the input and source output. For instance, the C1.u1-to-C3.u1 transfer is performed by group G1, while the C2.u2-to-C3.u2 transfer is performed by group G2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-full-setup-and-reconfiguration-times-1oqcy7ce.png Figure 5: Comparison of full setup and reconfiguration times for varying number of components, degree of sparsity, and variable sizes. Note: ‘reconfiguration’ includes both reconfiguration setup and update setup. We see that reconfiguration is consistently about 4 times faster, and the gap grows with the size of the model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-description-of-the-setup-operations-the-last-column-imb0imcj.png Table 2: Description of the setup operations. The last column includes nonlinear solvers, linear solvers, finitedifference approximations, and Jacobian matrices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-optimized-altitude-profiles-with-the-nc-control-3nh2js40.png Figure 8: Optimized altitude profiles with the nc control points shown in green. All optimizations with refinement converge to profiles without oscillations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-simple-example-used-throughout-sec-ii-the-model-xzoo6kzt.png Table 1: The simple example used throughout Sec. II. The model has 4 components, including the design variable, two coupled disciplines with one state variable each, and an objective function variable. The model is evaluated at a design variable value of 3. OpenMDAO is unique because it uses the MAUD architecture [8], which treats design variables as components and assigns residuals to each variable, allowing the formulation of the model as a nonlinear system of equations. This unifies all methods for computing multidisciplinary derivatives, and it also unifies all solution approaches as types of nonlinear solvers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-optimization-convergence-histories-optimization-1mvdmulq.png Figure 7: Optimization convergence histories. Optimization with one refinement takes has roughly the same computational cost as the optimization with no refinement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reconfiguration-sequence-in-an-example-model-group-2hwhwjuy.png Figure 4: Reconfiguration sequence in an example model. Group 4 is assumed to change variable sizes, hierarchy, processor distribution, or set of variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dependency-graph-suggests-an-obvious-way-to-1yxyno0u.png Figure 1: The dependency graph suggests an obvious way to group the components. Group G2 contains C2 and C3, and at the top, group G1 contains C1, G2, and C4. Note: the dependency graph is the transpose of the Jacobian ∂R/∂u because figures of this kind show feed-forward dependencies above the diagonal and feed-back dependencies below the diagonal. https://scispace.com/papers/reconfigurable-teams-cooperative-goal-seeking-with-self-4rwlonfg99 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-state-machine-of-the-ncu-states-outlined-in-black-are-xjytodsa.png Fig. 1. State machine of the NCU. States outlined in black are communicated to the team, grey states are not. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-more-challenging-environments-goals-33wy2ltn.png Table 2. Results from more challenging environments. Goals remaining are out of 30 initial goals for the first two environments and out of 4 for the Pillars environment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-from-simpler-environment-fig-2a-for-3f3c4ksl.png Table 1. Results from simpler environment (Fig. 2A) for different team sizes Q. Initial configurations are four groups near the corners of the environment (::), three groups in a triangle near the center (4) and one large group in the center (•). Each entry in the table represents the average of 25 trials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-environments-used-for-testing-a-c-are-increasingly-h1nowe4k.png Fig. 2. Environments used for testing: (A)-(C) are increasingly more challenging versions of the same terrain, while (D) is constructed to require cooperation while allowing simple navigation through the majority of the environment. In our testing, goal locations were placed randomly for each run in environments (A)-(C) while in environment (D) one goal location was placed atop each pillar. https://scispace.com/papers/reconsidering-group-cognition-from-conceptual-confusion-to-a-3r6k265q59 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-genetic-views-cognitive-and-socio-cultural-1g9y7ypn.png Table 1 Socio-genetic views: Cognitive and socio-cultural perspectives https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cognitive-versus-socio-cultural-perspectives-on-3hsi65ok.png Table 4 Cognitive versus socio-cultural perspectives on group cognition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-studies-in-cognitive-and-16abc0te.png Table 2 Characteristics of the studies in cognitive and socio-cultural perspectives, and studies that cross the boundary https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elements-of-the-socio-genetic-perspectives-that-are-1gnz31we.png Table 3 Elements of the socio-genetic perspectives that are integrated in the boundary crossing studies https://scispace.com/papers/reconsidering-the-price-income-relationship-across-countries-3cn4o7ja43 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-canonical-penn-effect-estimates-mporer80.png Table 1. Canonical Penn effect estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-inter-developed-country-and-inter-developing-country-3kdivkh1.png Table 4. Inter-developed-country and inter-developing-country productivity differential effects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inter-developed-country-and-inter-developing-3qbmfi0i.png Figure 5. Inter-developed-country and inter-developing-country productivity differential effects A. Developed countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-panel-estimates-c2bdqq13.png Table 5. Panel estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tradability-a-ratio-of-trade-to-value-added-by-1vqb9fj4.png Figure 4. Tradability A. Ratio of trade to value added by sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-income-stratified-panel-estimates-1zv5uo61.png Table 6. Income-stratified panel estimates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inter-developed-country-and-inter-developing-1y0cednf.png Figure 3. Inter-developed-country and inter-developing-country Penn effect estimates A. Inter-developed country effect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-country-price-income-relationship-a-the-1990-1w63otqa.png Figure 2. Cross-country price-income relationship A. The 1990 data https://scispace.com/papers/reconstructing-trust-management-3r8myq0gon 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-a-nameobject-260y2mpm.png Figure 1: The structure of a NameObject https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-system-architecture-and-pvs-1ezzwsqa.png Figure 3: System Architecture and PVS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trust-management-u5tgjc0d.png Table 1: Trust Management https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-access-graphm-the-heavy-arrow-is-2h33q53m.png Figure 2: An example access graphM ; the heavy arrow is anEauthedge, while the others are inEname. Here,M |= (o.s= u.s′ = v)→ (o, r,d). Also, the global name g maps to the keyk2, andw ↓= k1. Notice thatEnameedges flow in the direction of name resolution whileEauthedges flow in the direction of authorization resolution. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-an-orthotropic-thermal-conductivity-from-2ehlnhgijm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-exact-56-and-57-and-numerical-solutions-for-2n2fddpl.png Figure 3: The exact ((56) and (57)) and numerical solutions for noise level p = 10% for (a) a(y, t) and (b) b(x, t), for Example 1. The absolute error between them is also included. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-rmse-values-54-and-55-for-various-noise-levels-p-39xm8mo5.png Table 1: The rmse values (54) and (55) for various noise levels p ∈ {0, 1, 10}%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-exact-56-and-57-and-numerical-solutions-for-31n7kxlo.png Figure 2: The exact ((56) and (57)) and numerical solutions for noise level p = 0 for (a) a(y, t) and (b) b(x, t), for Example 1. The absolute error between them is also included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-objective-function-49-for-p-0-and-p-10-for-23r3r936.png Figure 1: The objective function (49), for p = 0 and p = 10%, for Example 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-exact-61-and-numerical-solutions-for-the-1u6wywz6.png Figure 5: The exact (61) and numerical solutions for the orthotropic thermal conductivity component a(y, t), for various noise levels: (a) p = 0, (b) p = 1% , (c) p = 3% and (d) p = 5% noise, for Example 2. The absolute error between them is also included. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-iterations-the-value-of-the-objective-3sc8jcrr.png Table 2: The number of iterations, the value of the objective function (49) at final iteration, the rmse(a) values (54) and the computational time, for various noise levels p ∈ {0, 1, 3, 5}%, for Example 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-objective-function-49-as-a-function-of-the-cstyssp4.png Figure 4: The objective function (49), as a function of the number of iterations, for various noise levels p ∈ {0, 1, 3, 5}%, for Example 2. https://scispace.com/papers/reconstruction-of-unknown-storativity-and-transmissivity-3vccb2odnh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-relative-errors-on-ps-b-relative-errors-on-r-2g24miuf.png Figure 1: (a) Relative errors on ψ̄ (b) Relative errors on ρ̄ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-positions-of-the-measuring-wells-in-the-non-3hhv3k9d.png Table 1: Positions of the measuring wells in the non-dimensional domain ( 0, 1 )2 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measurements-l2-100m-l1-pl2-g1-g2-10-2-g0-5-t-1800s-12bbll14.png Table 2: Measurements: L2 = 100m, L1 = √ πL2, γ1 = γ2 = 10 −2, γ0 = 5, T = 1800s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measurements-l2-100m-l1-pl2-g1-g2-0-g0-5-and-t-2400s-2m21834c.png Table 3: Measurements: L2 = 100m, L1 = √ πL2, γ1 = γ2 = 0, γ0 = 5 and T = 2400s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-constant-storativity-l2-100m-l1-pl2-t-2400s-i-6-and-1a4hwo97.png Table 4: Constant storativity: L2 = 100m, L1 = √ πL2, T = 2400s, I = 6 and ψ̄ = 71. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-varying-storativity-l2-100m-l1-pl2-t-1800s-i-6-and-256f9707.png Table 5: Varying storativity: L2 = 100m, L1 = √ πL2, T = 1800s, I = 6 and ψ̄ = 71. https://scispace.com/papers/recovering-depth-of-a-dynamic-scene-using-real-world-motion-3vtjbgzhnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-modeling-the-object-motion-the-relationship-in-the-3d59a3k9.png Fig. 4: Modeling the object motion: The relationship in the blue box results from the similarity between the red and green triangles. Please refer to Section 3.2.1 for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-quantitative-analysis-we-show-the-average-rms-error-in-3u503o59.png Fig. 5: Quantitative analysis: We show the average RMS error in estimated depth measure using kinect data (averaged over 5 videos with about 50 frames in each video). Note that the proposed approach gives significant improvement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-algorithmic-choices-white-is-far-black-1zn1dzhi.png Fig. 3: Comparison of algorithmic choices (White is far, black is close for the depth maps). (a) Sample image from a video; (b) Depth map using pixel-level NCC score; (c) Cleaner depth map by median filtering result (a); (d) A pixel-level labeling using graph cuts produces a better result but, noisy; (e) The best result was obtained by guided filtering the cost cube, guided by edges in the original image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-resulting-depth-maps-for-two-static-scenes-using-our-8uqucwa8.png Fig. 2: Resulting depth maps for two static scenes using our plane sweep stereo implementation (White is far, black is close). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-each-black-box-shows-results-on-a-video-sequence-row-1-3ut6q4ea.png Fig. 6: Each black box shows results on a video sequence. ROW 1 shows four frames from a video with a moving object. ROW 2 shows the initial depth maps using plane sweep stereo (white is far, black is close). Note that the depth of the moving object is inaccurately estimated. ROW 3 shows the final depth maps inferred using the proposed approach after identifying and modeling the motion of the moving object. Note the more accurate depth map for the moving object in each case. ROW 4 shows anaglyphs obtained by synthesizing the left image of the stereo pair using the original image as the right image and the recovered depth map (Requires red - cyan glasses) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-row-1-shows-two-frames-from-a-video-sequence-from-the-1gtrw0sn.png Fig. 1: ROW 1 shows two frames from a video sequence from the movie Sound of Music where, the camera is translating to the left and the person is walking in the same direction. ROW 2 shows the initial depth maps estimated using plane sweep stereo (white is far, black is close). The depth of the moving object is over-estimated as shown in the red circles. ROW 3 shows the final depth maps inferred using the proposed approach after identifying and modeling the motion of the moving object. Note that more accurate depth map for the moving object shown in the green circles. https://scispace.com/papers/record-of-vegetation-climate-change-human-impact-and-retting-1frz2u2hgt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-age-depth-model-constructed-for-the-badanital-core-xj7qqxym.png Figure 3. Age-depth model constructed for the Badanital core. The wider and lighter shade represents 95% probability distribution range, while the narrower and darker shade represents 68% probability distribution range. Open circles indicate the modelled age medians of pollen zone boundaries. Four key lithological boundaries (LB) of the BT core (see Table 1 for details) are also shown. Calibrated age distributions of the nine radiocarbon dates are plotted, with their calibrated medians shown in open squares. I = UCIAMS-61369, II = Poz-43654, III = Poz-43736, IV = UCIAMS-61370, V = Poz-43655, VI = UCIAMS-61377, VII = UCIAMS-61371, VIII = Poz-43656, IX = Poz-43657 (see Table 2 for details). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-compilation-showing-a-the-location-of-the-study-13e9lf0a.png Figure 1. Map compilation showing (a) the location of the study region in NW India; (b) the topographic situation (Jarvis et al., 2008) of Badanital in Garhwal Himalaya; (c) MODIS total tree cover in percent (Hansen et al., 2002); (d) mean annual precipitation in millimetre (Hijmans et al., 2005) and (e) mean temperature of the coldest month (January) in °C (Hijmans et al., 2005) in the study region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-modelled-age-depth-relationship-for-pollen-zone-2gnjq276.png Table 3. The modelled age-depth relationship for pollen zone boundaries in the BT core. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lithological-description-of-the-bt-sediment-core-2qo9fu0e.png Table 1. Lithological description of the BT sediment core from Badanital summarized for this study. Core segments are divided at 90, 190 and 290 cm. The column of carbonaceous mud shows multiple layers with embedded coarse sand (up to 2 mm) and fine to medium gravel (up to 1 cm size) including sub-rounded to sub-angular pebble. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-radiocarbon-ams-dating-results-obtained-on-bulk-hfbvgzn0.png Table 2. Radiocarbon AMS dating results obtained on bulk sediments from the Badanital core along with the respective calibrated ages expressed as 95% probability ranges and median point estimates (following, for example, Feranec and Kozlowski, 2016; Rull et al., 2015; Scott et al., 2007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pollen-types-of-cannabaceae-and-moraceae-recorded-115m1ark.png Figure 2. Pollen types of Cannabaceae and Moraceae recorded in the sediment core from Badanital (sample from 259 to 260 cm depth). (a, b) Cannabis type characterized by large size (>27.5 µm), sunken pores, steeply rising annulus and hollow rim within annulus (slightly different focus); (c) Humulus/Cannabis type, crumpled pollen grain with weakly rising annulus; (d) Humulus/Cannabis type, slightly crumpled grain of small size (<27.5 µm); (e) Humulus/Cannabis type, slightly degraded and (f) Moraceae type, four-porate grain. https://scispace.com/papers/recovering-shape-characteristics-on-near-flat-specular-2e3c82o3no 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distortions-observed-on-near-flat-window-surfaces-1bzn8tah.png Figure 1. Distortions observed on near-flat window surfaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-capturing-near-flat-refractive-surfaces-a-show-the-8jilyhci.png Figure 4. Capturing Near-flat Refractive Surfaces. (a) show the setup of our system. (b) shows the distorted checkerboard pattern. (c) captures the initial fluid surface without disturbance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-capturing-near-flat-reflection-surfaces-a-shows-our-1bvv9o91.png Figure 5. Capturing Near-flat Reflection Surfaces. (a) shows our system setup. We mount a transparent paper on the blackboard and place the colored checkerboard parallel to the blackboard. (b) shows the captured distortion image. (c) shows the estimated Gaussian curvature using our method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-we-map-the-reflection-a-and-refractions-rays-b-into-1szz3wy4.png Figure 2. We map the reflection (a) and refractions rays (b) into the ray space and use the GLC to analyze the local ray structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-recovered-gaussian-and-mean-curvature-of-the-1teo4no6.png Figure 8. The recovered Gaussian and mean curvature of the dynamic fluid surface at different time instances. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-recovered-gaussian-and-mean-curvature-using-ray-7av6ozdy.png Figure 6. The recovered Gaussian and mean curvature using ray-traced reflection images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-recovered-gaussian-and-mean-curvature-using-ray-1tzzv8ty.png Figure 7. The recovered Gaussian and mean curvature using ray-traced refraction images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-in-reflection-a-and-refraction-b-the-incidence-ray-20re9yed.png Figure 3. In reflection (a) and refraction (b), the incidence ray i, the surface normal n, and the exitance ray r are coplanar and satisfy Snell’s Law. We choose the uv parametrization plane to be the tangent plane at the point Ȯ we analyze. The st plane is a unit distance away from the uv plane along n. https://scispace.com/papers/recurrence-and-asymptotics-for-orthonormal-rational-2ujvvi8f69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graph-ofe3-3-8-in-function-of-b3-cr-cimi-the-figure-on-2ksdkvtl.png FIG. 2. Graph ofE3(3.8) in function of β3 = Cr +Cimi. The figure on the left gives a 3D representation of the graph, while the figure on the right shows the contoursE3(3.8) = 0.1(1+2k) for k = 0, . . . ,12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-for-en-3-8-and-fn-with-n-1-9-whenu-x-arccos-2vfi2moo.png TABLE 2 Results for En(3.8) and F̂n, with n= 1, . . . ,9, whenµ ′(x) = [arccos(x)]2 and αn = (−1)n+1i. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-for-en-3-6-and-fn-with-n-1-9-whenu-x-arccos-c03r23vc.png TABLE 3 Results for En(3.6) and F̂n, with n= 1, . . . ,9, whenµ ′(x) = [arccos(x)]2 and αn = (−1)n+1i. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definition-of-aj-x-b-j-x-c-j-x-d-j-x-a-j-b-j-and-cj-2qc5ssdc.png TABLE 1 Definition of aj(x),b j(x),c j(x),d j(x),A j ,B j and Cj for j = 1, . . . ,4, with {α,β ,γ,δ} ⊂ C\ {0} and{α,γ}∩supp(µ) = /0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-figure-on-the-left-graph-ofe3-3-8-in-function-of-b3-1b8lfhv7.png FIG. 4. Figure on the left: Graph ofE3(3.8) in function ofℑ{β3} with ℜ{β3}= 0.5. Figure on the right: The relative error given by (6.1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-figure-on-the-left-graph-ofe3-3-8-in-function-of-b3-1zyko8py.png FIG. 5. Figure on the left: Graph ofE3(3.8) in function ofℜ{β3} with ℑ{β3}= 10−2. Figure on the right: The relative error given by (6.1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-figure-on-the-left-graph-ofe3-3-8-in-function-of-b3-12u48yn5.png FIG. 6. Figure on the left: Graph ofE3(3.8) in function ofℜ{β3} with ℑ{β3}= 10−6. Figure on the right: The relative error given by (6.1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graph-ofe3-5-1-in-function-of-b3-cr-cimi-the-figure-on-2whp8dy1.png FIG. 1. Graph ofE3(5.1) in function of β3 = Cr +Cimi. The figure on the left gives a 3D representation of the graph, while the figure on the right shows the contoursE3(5.1) = 0.1(1+2k) for k = 0, . . . ,12. https://scispace.com/papers/rectangles-are-nonnegative-juntas-oxedq1vf7t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-summary-of-equivalences-3w2d87tv.png Fig. 4. Summary of equivalences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-packing-algorithm-2kds4htv.png Fig. 2. Packing algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-models-and-lower-bound-methods-at-a-glance-arrows-2v5hgoy7.png Fig. 1. Models and lower bound methods at a glance. Arrows denote class inclusions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tf1cnjg2.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-for-the-proof-of-theorem-6-2mx5595v.png Fig. 3. Illustration for the proof of Theorem 6. https://scispace.com/papers/recyclable-calix-4-arene-lanthanoid-luminescent-hybrid-321ythv5nc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-excited-state-lifetime-data-for-monoliths-loaded-238un9qb.png Table 2b. Excited state lifetime data for monoliths loaded with Tb or Sm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-emission-spectra-from-a-white-emissive-polymer-266mnm10.png Figure 10. Emission spectra from a white emissive polymer after immersion in a solution of Tb (top) or Sm (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-calix-4-arene-ligand-1h-used-for-the-preparation-of-lpespcey.png Figure 1. Calix[4]arene ligand 1H used for the preparation of the crosslinked PMMA hybrid materials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-emission-profiles-obtained-from-monolith-loaded-25s1sjjf.png Figure 4. Emission profiles obtained from monolith loaded with variable mixtures of Sm/Tb/Tm. All the emission spectra have been obtained with λex=330 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cie-xy-coordinate-x-and-y-values-for-the-monoliths-7ebg9sjm.png Table 1. CIE-xy coordinate x and y values for the monoliths loaded with mixtures of Sm/Tb/Tm. The monoliths have been excited at λex=330 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-excited-state-lifetime-data-for-monoliths-loaded-1gme34uk.png Table 2b. Excited state lifetime data for monoliths loaded with Tb or Sm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cie-xy-coordinates-for-the-monoliths-loaded-with-22yjhevc.png Figure 6. CIE-xy coordinates for the monoliths loaded with mixtures of Sm/Tb/Tm at different ratios: a) 8:1:91; b) 24:1:75; c) 19:1:80; d) 17:1:180; e) 29:1:170; f) 14.6:0.3:85.1. The monoliths have been excited at λex=330 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-emission-profile-of-a-monolith-loaded-with-a-164nw2cl.png Figure 9. Emission profile of a monolith loaded with a mixture of 32:1:7 Sm/Tb/Gd (top); CIE-xy coordinates for the emission profile (bottom). https://scispace.com/papers/red-imported-fire-ant-in-australia-what-if-we-lose-the-war-4tvmetkcmg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-showing-the-current-2016-red-imported-fire-ant-1mm8ypbt.png Figure 1. Map showing the current (2016) Red Imported Fire Ant Biosecurity Zone in Queensland and the potential spread of the ant by 2016 if there had been no eradication programme (based on a spread rate of 48 km/year in Texas). https://scispace.com/papers/red-wine-and-pomegranate-extracts-suppress-cured-meat-3belgqhr58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-faecal-and-urinary-biomarkers-in-rats-given-cured-ijeoe7qv.png Table 1. Faecal and urinary biomarkers in rats given cured meat with plant extracts during the fourteen-day study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-preneoplastic-lesions-acf-and-mdf-in-the-colon-of-2yzayqog.png Table 3 Preneoplastic lesions (ACF and MDF) in the colon of rats fed cured meat added with plant extracts for 98 d, 105 d after an azoxymethane injection1 https://scispace.com/papers/redesigning-the-israeli-medical-internship-match-4ykjk66j77 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-histogram-shows-the-distribution-of-the-average-323xxoo5.png Figure 4: The histogram shows the distribution of the average value over the L1 norm of each intern in the absolute distance between the original assignment matrix and the approximated one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-histogram-shows-the-distribution-of-the-maximum-3hg0c4vg.png Figure 3: The histogram shows the distribution of the maximum value over the L1 norm of each intern in the absolute distance between the original assignment matrix and the approximated one. The red dashed vertical line represents the theoretical upper bound. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-histogram-shows-the-distribution-of-the-maximum-3tj69q8v.png Figure 5: The histogram shows the distribution of the maximum value over the L1 norm of each intern in the absolute distance between the original assignment matrix and the approximated one, for randomly generated values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-histogram-shows-the-distribution-of-the-average-3ctgj82f.png Figure 6: The histogram shows the distribution of the average value over the L1 norm of each intern in the absolute distance between the original assignment matrix and the approximated one, for randomly generated values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geographical-orientation-at-the-top-of-the-list-1eidazxq.png Figure 1: Geographical orientation at the top of the list https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-histogram-shows-the-distribution-of-the-average-18nddm2o.png Figure 8: The histogram shows the distribution of the average value over the L1 norm of each intern in the absolute distance between the original assignment matrix and the approximated one, for capacity-driven couples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-histogram-shows-the-distribution-of-the-maximum-36b3n5wz.png Figure 7: The histogram shows the distribution of the maximum value over the L1 norm of each intern in the absolute distance between the original assignment matrix and the approximated one, for capacity-driven couples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-target-matrix-for-small-probabilities-example-1nf0jntb.png Table 2: Target matrix for small probabilities example https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-complexity-representation-of-the-human-arm-active-3r3dlnd0jn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-denavit-hartenberg-parameters-of-human-right-arm-36svmgvv.png Table 1. Denavit–Hartenberg parameters of human right arm kinematic model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stiffness-measurement-experimental-setup-a-kuka-21soj0n0.png Fig. 4. Stiffness measurement experimental setup. A KUKA lightweight robot was programmed to apply stochastic perturbations to the human hand. Experiments were carried out in different arm configurations (typical examples are shown in this figure). Arm joints were allowed to vary within the redundant manifold of the corresponding shoulder and wrist position. Two subjects participated in the experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-spectrum-of-the-applied-position-disturbances-15699nb6.png Fig. 5. Power spectrum of the applied position disturbances. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-processed-filtered-and-normalized-electromyography-2hm9x45z.png Fig. 12. Processed (filtered and normalized) electromyography (EMG) signals of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles are illustrated in the upper plot during the teleimpedance experiment. The resulting human arm endpoint stiffness (achieved in KUKA endpoint using the Cartesian impedance controller of the robot), in KUKA frame of reference is illustrated in the lower plot. Lines, A, B, and C roughly correspond to the left, middle, and right configurations of Figure 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-multiple-and-partial-coherence-values-over-the-1suxg181.png Fig. 6. Multiple and partial coherence values over the frequency range [0 10]Hz. These indexes investigate the linear dependency on each output to all system inputs, and between single input and single output, respectively. The x-axis scales are logarithmic and the y-axis scales are linear. Perfect coherence will be observed when the functions have values close to one. However, a linear approximation of the non-linear human arm endpoint stiffness behavior is naturally subject to a certain level of uncertainty, as observed in the plots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-selected-scenes-from-the-wall-drilling-experiment-see-39v2pje0.png Fig. 11. Selected scenes from the wall-drilling experiment (see video attachment). Starting from an initial configuration (most left figures), the operator adjusts the robot end-effector position and orientation to place the drill vertically on the brick on his left, while adjusting the arm configuration (shoulder and elbow) to increase the stiffness on the drilling direction (middle figures). The procedure is repeated for the right side wall, as observed in the most right figures. The stiffness ellipsoids in xy plane that correspond to a particular arm configuration and muscular activity level (see Fig.12) are plotted at the bottom of the selected scene. The ellipsoids are plotted in KUKA frame, which is illustrated using the yellow arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-teleimpedance-experimental-setup-the-muscular-35js8zn9.png Fig. 10. Teleimpedance experimental setup. The muscular activities of the two antagonistic muscles are processed and used to compute the volume-adjusting component of the endpoint stiffness. The human arm kinematics (muscle paths, moment arms, arm Jacobian, etc.) are calculated from the three rigid body markers in real time and used to compute the geometry of the endpoint stiffness ellipsoid. The wrist tracking data are processed and used for the control of position and orientation of the robot end-effector trajectories in real time. The endpoint stiffness profile and the robot trajectories are achieved for the KUKA robot end-effector (drill) using an impedance controller developed here, which is based on the work of Albu-Schaffer et al. (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-setup-for-remote-drilling-of-hard-objects-vspvhk2d.png Fig. 1. Experimental setup for remote drilling of hard objects (bricks) in different positions and orientations of the robot workspace. To accomplish the task, the operator must adjust the endpoint stiffness profile of the robot end-effector to achieve the task-required interaction force profile in different phases of the task. https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-interleukin-6-immunoexpression-and-birefringent-2dzj1pjryk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-volume-density-of-inflammatory-cells-vvic-2truwpzj.png Table 2.Volume density (%) of inflammatory cells (VvIC),fibroblasts (VvFb) and other (VvO) in the capsules from theMTAPlus,MTAFillapex, AHPlus, Endofill and control (empty tubes) groups after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-capsule-thickness-mm-number-of-il-6-immunostained-3jntm4r6.png Table 3.Capsule thickness (μm), number of IL-6-immunostained cells permm2 and birefringent collagen (Col) content (%) in the capsules from theMTAPlus,MTAFillapex, AHPlus, Endofill and control (empty tubes) groups after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-root-canal-sealer-35rurtlq.png Table 1.Composition of the root canal sealer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-j-lightmicrographs-of-sections-showing-portions-cmbymucj.png Figure 5. (A)–(J)Lightmicrographs of sections showing portions of capsules adjacent to the opening of the tubes implanted in the subcutaneous after 7 (A)–(E) and 60 (F)–(J) days of implantation. Sections were stained by picrosirius-redmethod and analysed under polarised light. (A)–(E) (7 days)—the capsules exhibit few birefringent collagen content (red, yellow and green colours). (F)–(J) (60 days)—evident birefringent collagen is observed in the capsules of all groups, except in Endofill (I). In this group, the capsule exhibits reduced birefringent collagen content in comparisonwith other groups. Bars: 20 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-modulation-of-scanpaths-in-response-to-task-demands-2rrv8r3kx6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-performance-in-the-search-task-in-terms-of-bqjy0zy5.png Figure 3. Performance in the search task in terms of proportion of fixations within the targetarea (A) and time taken to make the first fixation within the target-area (B). Bars show 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-central-fixation-bias-measured-as-the-mean-distance-12nxhxs7.png Figure 2. Central fixation bias measured as the mean distance of fixations from the centre of the screen, both controlling (green) and not controlling (red) for saccade-gain. Bars show 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-search-task-vs-non-search-task-performance-in-terms-wyusy1ja.png Figure 5. Search task vs non-search task performance in terms of (A) the between task similarity (B) the similarity of scanpaths between participants in the same participant group (between-observer similarity) and (C) scanpath salience. Bars show 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-scanpaths-and-salience-maps-example-scanpaths-from-fjpubbn0.png Figure 4. Scanpaths and salience maps. Example scanpaths from two healthy controls (A and B) and two PCA patients (C and D) demonstrating greater modulation of the scanpath for the search task (green) compared with a non-search task (encode; red) in controls than patients. The between-task similarity is abnormally high for patients (C=83%; D=84%) relative to controls who view different parts of the scene in a more task-appropriate manner (A=-17.7%; B=-60.5%). The highlighted area shows the search target area (all vegetation). Panels E and F show example computer generated low-level salience maps. Low-level salience maps were created using the GBVS toolbox (Harel et al., 2007) with default settings. The tool creates three feature maps for each image (representing variation in colour, intensity and orientation), and then combines these feature maps into a master map representing the computed salience at each pixel. These maps were then normalized to have a mean value of 0 and standard deviation of 1 across pixels. The salience of each fixation was extracted and compared between groups and conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-biomarkers-of-molecular-pathology-in-patients-for-2sjpvp5v.png Table 1. Biomarkers of molecular pathology in patients. For the purposes of biomarker interpretation, samples with a Aβ1-42<550pg/ml and Tau:Aβ ratio>1 were considered supportive of underlying AD pathology (+). One PCA participant had a CSF profile not supportive of AD (-). One tAD patient had a CSF profile which was borderline compatible with underlying AD (+/-). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-scan-paths-of-one-healthy-participant-2yf7jsc2.png Figure 1. Example scan paths of one healthy participant viewing scenes under different task conditions: encoding (remember the scene), recognition (novel/familiar judgment), search (look at the vegetation), and verbal description (describe the scene). Circles show the location of fixations, and numbers in circles show the serial order of the fixations over time. The highlighted area shows the target-area for the search task. https://scispace.com/papers/reduced-order-modelling-of-radiative-transfer-effects-on-qj8qe5h82s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-evolution-of-the-three-components-of-the-1b39i1x5.png Figure 4. Time evolution of the three components of the angular momentum (left) and histograms of the x and y components (right). Coupled calculations (top) and uncoupled calculations (bottom). Time intervals are coloured according to their associated quasi-stable state. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-linear-diffusion-matrix-top-left-linear-buoyancy-2efyo9fa.png Table 8. Linear diffusion matrix (top left), linear buoyancy matrix (top right) and linear radiation matrix (bottom) computed from coupled POD eigenfunctions. Entries below 10−5 are left empty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-linear-radiation-matrix-computed-from-uncoupled-pod-1dzg31ub.png Table 10. Linear radiation matrix computed from uncoupled POD eigenfunctions. Entries below 10−5 are left empty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-quadratic-interaction-matrices-computed-from-coupled-tutwihcp.png Table 9. Quadratic interaction matrices computed from coupled POD eigenfunctions (in symmetric form i.e. corresponding to Qnmp + Qnpm for p 6= m and Qnmp for p = m). Entries below 10−5 are left empty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-thermal-and-mechanical-content-of-the-first-seven-2e57tixx.png Table 2. Thermal and mechanical content of the first seven POD eigenfunctions given by partial norms ‖φu‖2 and γ2‖φθ‖2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-histogram-of-the-filtered-model-amplitude-af5-no-n734qo4a.png Figure 11. Histogram of the filtered model amplitude af5 : no-radiation model (top, σ = σ0), predicted model (middle, σ = 1.2σ0), observed model (bottom, σ = 1.2σ0). A moving average of 100 time units has been applied. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-symmetrized-phase-portraits-of-the-system-top-row-3dr8iq2m.png Figure 10. Symmetrized phase portraits of the system; top row, from left to right: coupled DNS, observed model (σ = 1.2σ0), predicted model (σ = 1.2σ0); bottom row, from left to right: uncoupled DNS, no-radiation model (σ = σ0). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-inter-switch-periods-observed-in-the-simulation-and-1sf7z0mz.png Table 6. Inter-switch periods observed in the simulation and predicted by the different models. The inter-switch period Tn is defined as the mean average time between two zeros of an provided that the time is larger than 5Tc where Tc corresponds to the high frequency in the simulation (note that this is a slightly different definition from our previous study (Soucasse et al. 2019)). Values given for the models are rounded off to each 5 units. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-energy-of-dram-flash-memory-system-by-os-controlled-58vkwyhss1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-illustration-of-proposed-approach-2iui5gjr.png Figure 1. An illustration of proposed approach https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-benchmarks-and-descriptions-2zrsagwg.png TABLE I. BENCHMARKS AND DESCRIPTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-energy-reduction-ratio-observed-for-benchmarks-2l81jzmh.png TABLE II. ENERGY REDUCTION RATIO OBSERVED FOR BENCHMARKS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-obtained-for-8mb-dram-left-and-16mb-dram-2rrnh0n7.png Figure 3: Results obtained for 8MB DRAM (left) and 16MB DRAM (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-d-dependence-of-the-results-on-t1-t2-t3-and-the-3hf4ve8d.png Figure 2 (a-d): Dependence of the results on t1, t2, t3, and the DRAM size, respectively (c) (b) (a) (d) https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-the-loss-of-information-through-annealing-text-ip84rj3b39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-books-data-set-using-the-ppmz-compressor-estimation-of-2vpz8opx.png Fig. 4. Books data set using the PPMZ compressor. Estimation of an upper bound for the documents complexity for all the substitution methods and all the word selection methods. The values associated to the asterisk substitution method decrease for all the word selection methods, as the ones associated to the random character substitution method grow for all the word selection methods. The same percentages of substituted words included in Fig 3 are included in this figure to ease the comparison of both figures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-books-data-set-using-the-ppmz-compressor-clustering-1562ca9u.png Fig. 3. Books data set using the PPMZ compressor. Clustering error obtained for all the word selection methods. The numbers between brackets correspond to the percentage of substituted words in the documents. The asterisk substitution method performs better than the random character substitution method in all cases. The best results are obtained for the MFW selection method and asterisks replacement method (see curve with asterisk markers in (a)). Some points are highlighted inside a circle for further discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-example-of-dendrogram-for-the-extended-medlineplus-22vik41x.png Fig. 10. Example of dendrogram for the extended MedlinePlus repository. The numbers in the image represent the NCD average between two nodes. The dendrogram corresponds to the figure 9(b), in particular, it corresponds to the 0.7 cumulative sum of frequencies for the most frequent words selection method graph. The documents which have not been correctly clustered are highlighted in gray. Note that only three documents have not been correctly clustered: Facialtics, Aorticarchsyndrome andHyperactivityandchildren. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-these-tables-show-a-summary-of-the-experimental-1yix7kad.png Fig. 8. These tables show a summary of the experimental results for every compression algorithm and every data set when the asterisk substitution method is used. They show three relevant clustering errors and the cumulative sum of frequencies where these clustering errors are obtained. These three clustering errors are: the clustering error obtained with no distortion, the minimum clustering error obtained, and the maximum clustering error obtained. The results that improve the clustering error obtained with no distortion are highlighted inside a double-box. The results that maintain the non-distorted clustering error are highlighted inside a simple-box. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-visual-representation-of-the-information-loss-each-27eyma4k.png Fig. 1. Visual representation of the information loss. Each binary image represents the information contained in all the documents belonging to the MedlinePlus data set. Black pixels represent remaining words and white pixels represent substituted words. First row corresponds to the images when the most frequent word selection method is used, while the second row corresponds to the least frequent word selection method. An image is created for every experiment, i.e., for every cumulative sum of word-frequencies (0.1, 0.2, and so on until 1.0, where all the words are selected). Note that even when all the words included in the BNC are replaced from the texts, the words that are not included in the BNC remain in the documents (observe black pixels in the images corresponding to the cumulative sum of 1.0). Although the amount of black pixels of the images in the boxes is quite similar, there will be shown that there is a big difference in means of clustering error in the experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-extended-medlineplus-data-set-clustering-error-x35sli5z.png Fig. 9. Extended MedlinePlus data set. Clustering error obtained when clustering the original documents, and when clustering the documents using the MFW selection method and the asterisk substitution method. The numbers between brackets correspond to the percentage of substituted words in the documents. It is worth mentioning that the non-distorted NCD-driven clustering can be improved when the MFW selection method and the asterisk substitution method are applied together to preprocess the documents. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-dendrogram-for-the-books-repository-each-181rrcs0.png Fig. 2. Example of dendrogram for the Books repository. Each leaf of the dendrogram corresponds to a document. The numbers in the image represent the NCD average between two nodes. We measure the clustering error associated to a dendrogram adding all the pairwise distances between nodes starting with the same string. The distance between two nodes is the minimum number of internal nodes needed to go from one to the other. For example, the distance between the nodes with labelWS.H and WS.AaC would be one, since both nodes are connected to the same internal node. After calculating this addition, we subtract the clustering error that corresponds to the perfect clustering from the total quantity obtained. The clustering error corresponding to this dendrogram is 11 because the nodes with labelNM.TP andAP.AEoC have not been correctly clustered. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-ground-bounce-noise-and-stabilizing-the-data-3gsdr0ngsu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-power-gating-structure-in-which-a-proportion-of-the-f6ylio6d.png Fig. 8. Power-gating structure in which a proportion of the sleep transistors is switched on in a nonoverlapping or pseudorandom manner, with data-retention devices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-block-diagram-of-the-test-chip-used-to-evaluate-our-31tpd07p.png Fig. 9. Block diagram of the test chip used to evaluate our proposed power-gating structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ground-bounce-in-a-soc-employing-multiple-power-gating-28ukz564.png Fig. 1. Ground bounce in a SOC employing multiple power-gating structures to control leakage power. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-measured-waveforms-when-the-power-mode-is-switched-in-3o0ulucw.png Fig. 11. Measured waveforms when the power mode is switched in a stepwise manner and the DRV is stabilized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-measured-waveforms-when-the-power-gating-structures-27aj8qev.png Fig. 12. Measured waveforms when the power-gating structures are turned on in abrupt, stepwise, and random manners. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-die-micrograph-uph1j9xq.png Fig. 10. Die micrograph. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-measured-leakage-power-as-a-function-of-the-supply-9gv6ji9f.png Fig. 13. Measured leakage power as a function of the supply voltage in standby mode, with and without power gating. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-performance-penalty-1xifx50s.png Fig. 3. Performance penalty. https://scispace.com/papers/reducing-fuzzy-answer-set-programming-to-model-finding-in-4xb719r072 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dependency-graph-of-program-pmin-from-example-9-odi8gv7l.png Fig. 1. Dependency graph of program Pmin from Example 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependency-graph-of-patm-3lna17pa.png Fig. 4. Dependency graph of PATM https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-common-fuzzy-t-norms-and-t-conorms-over-0-1-19vinqz7.png Table 1. Common fuzzy t-norms and t-conorms over ([0, 1],≤) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-common-residual-pairs-and-induced-negators-over-0-1-cxjz6fm8.png Table 2. Common residual pairs and induced negators over ([0, 1],≤) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependency-graph-of-program-p-from-example-1-c6qrlihg.png Fig. 2. Dependency graph of program P from Example 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-town-configuration-for-patm-the-weights-on-the-edges-3mpmrsnf.png Fig. 3. Town configuration for PATM . The weights on the edges denote the nearness degrees between towns t1, t2 and t3 https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-in-remoteness-distinctions-and-reconfiguration-in-4f2c3rp17w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-remoteness-distinctions-in-bantu-past-tenses-kiso-r2b8auds.png Table 3: Remoteness distinctions in Bantu past tenses (Kiso 2012: 57) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-f1-f2-vs-f3-with-non-coinciding-trs-and-in-293th148.png Figure 6: F1/F2 vs. F3 with non-coinciding TRs and in different domains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-division-of-p-domain-into-adjacent-and-distal-trs-1ggld5ra.png Figure 5: Division of P-domain into adjacent and distal TRs illustrating Bemba P1-P4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pitch-track-of-a-female-speaker-showing-a-50-250hz-3cagt1no.png Figure 3: Pitch track of a female speaker showing a 50-250Hz range https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pitch-track-of-a-female-speaker-showing-a-50-250hz-174hhq7y.png Figure 2: Pitch track of a female speaker showing a 50-250Hz range https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-pitch-track-of-a-female-speaker-showing-a-50-250hz-1mlje8ib.png Figure 1: Pitch track of a female speaker showing a 50-250Hz range https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cognitive-worlds-represented-by-p-and-d-domains-3asuovqz.png Figure 4: Cognitive worlds represented by P- and D-domains https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bemba-past-and-future-simple-perfective-tense-3isiepd7.png Table 2: Bemba Past and Future simple (perfective) tense markers https://scispace.com/papers/reduction-of-secondary-electron-yield-for-e-cloud-mitigation-3xt0dcura4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-depth-of-grooves-and-lowest-and-highest-sey-in-7lwpw3uq.png Table 3: The depth of grooves and lowest and highest SEY in respect to scan speed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-images-of-5-micron-copper-powder-spread-on-standard-mxpnuk7m.png Figure 1: Images of 5 micron copper powder spread on standard Omicrons plates made of (a) Stainless Steel sample (Sample 10) and (b) copper (Sample 11). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sey-as-a-function-primary-electron-energy-of-100-3k0innbf.png Figure 10: SEY as a function primary electron energy of 100 μm thick copper Sample 9 treated with λ = 1064 laser at 10 kHz, scan speed of 30mm/s and pitch distance of 30 m (Condition 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-low-resolution-and-b-high-resolution-planar-and-c-p43k4pyx.png Figure 9: (a) Low resolution and (b) high resolution planar and (c) X-Section SEM micrographs of 100 μm thick copper Sample 9 treated with λ = 1064 laser at 10 kHz, scan speed of 30 mm/s and pitch distance of 30 m (Condition 4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-xps-spectra-of-cu2p-region-for-the-scan-speed-of-dog1po3e.png Figure 5: XPS spectra of Cu2p region for the scan speed of 30mm/s used with 355 nm laser. The inset is the X-ray exited Cu LMM Auger. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-layout-of-the-facility-for-sey-studies-1aag1bim.png Figure 2: Schematic layout of the facility for SEY studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-low-resolution-image-of-surfaces-of-samples-7-and-3ghzmytf.png Figure 6: A low resolution image of surfaces of Samples 7 and 8 being treated with laser parameters 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-high-resolution-plan-view-sem-micrograph-two-17rb98uh.png Figure 7: High resolution plan view SEM micrograph (two different resolutions with the highest on the right side) of copper irradiated with laser = 1064 nm, scan speed of 125 mm/s, at (a) 2.5 kHz repetition rate (Sample 7, condition 2), (b) 5 kHz repetition rate (Sample 8, condition 3). https://scispace.com/papers/reductive-elimination-of-alkylamines-from-low-valent-4q1eyo212v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-reductive-elimination-of-norbornylamines-from-pd-2o4k0ic4.png Table 1. Reductive Elimination of Norbornylamines from Pd-Amides 2a−f https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-drawing-of-2b-with-35-probability-ellipsoids-3c2ro1ij.png Figure 1. ORTEP drawing of 2b with 35% probability ellipsoids. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. Selected bond angles (degrees) and lengths (Å): C(16)−Pd(1)−N(1), 161.28(12); C(16)−Pd(1)−C(1), 89.35(12); N(1)−Pd(1)−C(1), 109.15(13); Pd−C(16), 1.974(3); Pd−N, 2.037(3); Pd−C(1), 2.044(3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-computed-transition-state-structure-of-complex-2f-18qlol25.png Figure 3. Computed transition-state structure of complex 2f. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-computed-relative-ground-state-free-energies-dg-of-21h3j53g.png Figure 2. Computed relative ground-state free energies (ΔG) of three diastereomers of 3-methyl-2-anilinonorbornane. https://scispace.com/papers/redundancy-and-information-leakage-in-fine-grained-access-1njc7ev8ba 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-combinations-of-optimization-alternatives-20eogrfc.png Table 2: Combinations of optimization alternatives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-all-the-plans-satisfy-the-naive-approach-to-2gg27ce9.png Figure 2: All the plans satisfy the naïve approach to determining safety, however, the UDF placement in (b) can potentially leak information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-plans-for-query-in-section-6-2-with-a-no-3fk6j6dq.png Figure 4: Optimal plans for query in Section 6.2 with (a) No redundancy removal and pulling USFs to highest level. (b) Applying redundancy removal. (c) Pushing USFs to safe places. (d) Both redundancy removal and pushing USFs to safe places. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-normalized-optimization-time-2w6wei1y.png Table 3: Normalized optimization time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-user-query-on-an-authorized-view-b-a-safe-plan-39ce7qyg.png Figure 1: (a) User query on an authorized view. (b) A safe plan for this query, and (c) A result-equivalent plan that can potentially leak unauthorized information. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-with-redundancy-removal-30scozg8.png Table 1: Results with redundancy removal https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-initial-query-tree-for-query-in-section-5-1-2wp2inpx.png Figure 3: (a) The initial query tree for query in Section 5.1 without UDF. (b) The DAG representation of query. (c) The expanded query tree after applying transformation rules. Commutativity and Selection pull up not shown. Black boxes represent the authorized groups, and white boxes represent the unauthorized groups. https://scispace.com/papers/rees-associated-with-carbonatite-alkaline-complexes-in-2aki7cjxlw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-matrix-summarising-the-target-areas-quantified-itddc3y5.png Table 8: Matrix summarising the target areas quantified according to probability and confidence levels and further exploration recommended for the identified targets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-a-list-of-primary-data-available-for-the-study-area-38e9q2o9.png Table 2: A list of primary data available for the study area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-confidence-values-allotted-to-each-of-the-predictor-2s7bx0w7.png Table 7: Confidence values allotted to each of the predictor maps used in the FIS modelling. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-conceptual-ree-mineral-systems-model-adapted-from-2x3kzrpz.png Table 3: Conceptual REE mineral systems model (adapted from Aranha et al., under review). The index numbers correlate to the numbers in blue in Fig. 3. 185 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-multi-stage-fis-for-ree-prospectivity-mapping-318brucl.png Figure 4: The multi-stage FIS for REE prospectivity mapping in the study area. (A) FIS for generating fuzzy prospectivity maps for fertile sources and favourable geodynamics settings. (B) FIS for generating fuzzy prospectivity maps for favourable whole lithosphere architecture for transportation of REE-enriched carbonatite-alkaline magma. (C) FIS for generating fuzzy prospectivity 250 maps for favourable shallow crustal (near-surface) architecture for emplacement of carbonatite-alkaline complexes. (D) Second stage FIS combines the above three prospectivity maps obtained from the first stage and generates the final outputs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-input-variables-linguistic-values-and-types-of-l768yz6z.png Table 5: Input variables, linguistic values and types of membership functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-continuous-scale-prospectivity-maps-at-10-50-and-90-8n9bor0s.png Figure 5: Continuous scale prospectivity maps at 10%, 50% and 90% probability levels draped over the confidence layer, shown in 285 (A), (B) and (C), respectively. The colours mark increasing prospectivity from low (blue) to high (red). The elevations mark high confidence in the data used for prospectivity modelling. Black balls demarcate major cities, and green balls demarcate known carbonatite occurrences; green numbers correspond to the known carbonatite occurrences: 1 – Sarnu Dandeli, 2 – Kamthai, 3 – Danta-Langera-Mahabar, 4- Mundwara. Areas marked with black numbered rectangles are discussed in Section 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-idealised-genetic-model-of-a-carbonatite-alkaline-2khh6zgj.png Figure 3: Idealised genetic model of a carbonatite-alkaline-complex-related REE mineral system (adapted from Aranha et al., under review) cross-referenced to processes listed in Table 3 through the numbers in blue. (A) Depicts the fertility and geodynamic setting along with the plumbing architecture on a regional scale. B, C and D focus on the emplacement architecture at the camp-to-prospect- 180 scale. (B) Shows the idealised geometry of the intrusion and the relation of carbonatites and associated alkaline rocks and fenitisation (C) Presents the near-surface structural architecture and the spatial distribution of associated. (D) Displays the idealised geometry of a carbonatite-alkaline intrusion and the relationship between the magma chamber, ring dykes, cone sheets, and radial dykes. https://scispace.com/papers/reference-point-determination-with-a-new-mathematical-model-2at07m77qz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-comparison-in-metres-cclzyl84.png Table 4: Model comparison in metres. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-reference-point-determination-96-elevation-circles-1ao0j7r0.png Figure 4: Reference point determination (96 elevation circles and one azimuth circle). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approximate-values-of-the-reference-point-in-metres-3gbpsaf9.png Table 1: Approximate values of the reference point in metres. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-ivs-reference-point-and-its-accuracy-in-wjmta4h8.png Table 2: Estimated IVS reference point and its accuracy in metres. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variance-component-estimation-2yionner.png Table 3: Variance-component estimation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-irregularities-eccentricity-and-inclination-21wste4o.png Figure 1: Irregularities: eccentricity and inclination. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-telescope-system-and-unknown-parameters-741nquoq.png Figure 3: Telescope system and unknown parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-target-position-after-elevation-rotation-with-1rthd2kb.png Figure 2: Target position after elevation rotation with correction angle. https://scispace.com/papers/referral-pattern-of-leptospirosis-cases-during-a-large-urban-i1g0te90zy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-110-cases-of-leptospirosis-during-1902spyl.png TABLE 1 Characteristics of 110 cases of leptospirosis during their initial outpatient evaluation and subsequent hospitalization, according to laboratory confirmation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-obtained-from-interviews-with-110-37c3czv0.png TABLE 2 Information obtained from interviews with 110 hospitalized leptospirosis cases, stratified according to diagnosis received at first outpatient visit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-map-of-the-city-of-salvador-brazil-showing-the-2xffslau.png FIGURE 1. A, map of the city of Salvador, Brazil showing the geographic distribution according to place of residence of 110 leptospirosis cases. Each dot represents a single case who met the surveillance definition for leptospirosis: shaded dots (●) repre ent laboratory-confirmed or probable cases and open circles ( ) represent unconfirmed cases who met the surveillance definition. In mapsB–E, the distribution of residences (●) is shown for cases who procured their initial medical evaluation at four of 37 outpatient services:B, the infectious disease reference hospital ( ); C, the state general hospital ( ); D, a public hospital ( ); E, a public urgent care center ( ). Separate scale bars are shown for mapsA andB–E. https://scispace.com/papers/refinement-indicators-for-estimating-hydrogeologic-b0j4iamkl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-with-a-reduced-number-of-measurements-2y0ci8kq.png Table 2: Results with a reduced number of measurements, strategy 1 and case of exact coefficients with the same zonation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-test-10-strategy-3-when-exact-s-and-t-have-1q8umdt2.png Figure 27: Test 10: strategy 3, when exact S and T have different zonations. Coefficients S (left) and T (center) computed after 15 iterations and variation of the misfit function (right). Observation points shown in Figure 23 right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-test-9-strategy-3-when-exact-s-and-t-have-3cc3m8pj.png Figure 26: Test 9: strategy 3, when exact S and T have different zonations. Coefficients S (left) and T (center) computed after 14 iterations and variation of the misfit function (right). Observation points shown in Figure 23 left. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-with-a-reduced-number-of-measurements-1l4vnp82.png Table 3: Results with a reduced number of measurements, strategy 1 and case of exact coefficients with the same zonation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-geometry-of-the-rocky-mountain-aquifer-2fuodsy3.png Figure 5: Geometry of the Rocky Mountain aquifer . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-test-1-exact-coefficients-s-left-and-t-right-3lhrhp58.png Figure 6: Test 1: exact coefficients S (left) and T (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-test-5-coefficients-s-on-the-left-and-t-on-the-1778iflg.png Figure 19: Test 5: coefficients S (on the left) and T (on the right) computed during the iterations using strategy 3, when exact S and T have the same zonation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-test-4-strategy-2-when-the-two-exact-coefficients-2wn0c7qo.png Figure 18: Test 4: strategy 2 when the two exact coefficients have different zonations. Zonation for S and T after 29 iterations (left) and variation of the misfit function during the iterations (right). https://scispace.com/papers/reflectance-properties-analysis-of-mineral-based-mortars-for-4htpvymzkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pseudotime-dependent-state-clear-cloudy-days-w1-17a34p5z.png Table 2 Pseudotime-dependent state. Clear/cloudy days (W1: solid brick masonry; W2: Wooden lattice; W3: perforated brick; W4: compounded wall). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photographs-o-dt0cwftl.png Fig. 1. Photographs o https://scispace.com/papers/reflecting-on-the-use-of-photo-elicitation-with-children-2cbeu620or 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-use-of-photography-in-the-proposed-study-15xn3ez4.png Table 2: The use of photography in the proposed study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-four-approaches-to-photo-elicitation-hurworth-2003-11q6gbbq.png Table 1: Four approaches to photo elicitation (Hurworth, 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-potential-benefits-of-photography-19ureh1g.png Table 3: The potential benefits of photography https://scispace.com/papers/reflective-ability-empathy-and-emotional-intelligence-in-md6oowfp3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2kbcsmwt.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-3i1fl4wk.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-one-way-analysis-of-variance-based-on-year-of-study-1uk685in.png Table 3 One Way Analysis of Variance based on Year of Study for all Subject Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-19kogjj9.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sr34nhud.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/papers/regime-changes-in-global-sea-surface-salinity-trend-4rsgmufq67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-and-trend-for-the-1950-2008-period-using-en4-2084wtt2.png Figure 2. Mean and trend for the 1950–2008 period using EN4 data equivalent to Figure 5 of Durack and Wijffels [13]. (A) 1950–2008 climatological mean surface salinity. Contours of salinity every 0.5 are plotted in black with thicker contours every 1; (B) 1950–2008 climatological standard deviation of surface salinity. Contours of salinity standard deviation every 0.1 are plotted in black with thicker contours every 0.2 (C) 50-year linear surface salinity trend (pss (50 year)−1). Contours of salinity every 0.2 are plotted in black. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-series-of-modes-of-variability-of-the-en4-1950-22pe0bep.png Figure 7. Time series of modes of variability of the EN4 1950–2014 salinity. First (A) and second (B) modes for Regime A (1950–1990), B (1990–2009) and C (2009–2014). The green dashed lines indicate the separation (breakpoint) between regimes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-surface-salinity-for-the-three-regimes-32hm5x90.png Figure 3. Mean surface salinity for the three regimes estimated by the EM procedure using EN4 1950–2014 data: (A) Regime A: 1950–1990; (B) Regime B: 1990–2009; and (C) Regime C: 2009–2014. The right panels include the differences between the means of (D) Regime B and A; and (E) Regime C and B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-main-modes-of-variability-of-the-en4-1950-2014-2ctck255.png Figure 6. Main modes of variability of the EN4 1950–2014 salinity. First (A) and second (D) modes for Regime A (1950–1990). First (B) and second (E) modes for Regime B (1990–2009). First (C) and second (F) modes for Regime C (2009–2014). EOF, empirical orthogonal function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-surface-salinity-trend-for-the-three-regimes-3ct5q248.png Figure 9. Surface salinity trend for the three regimes estimated by the EM procedure using combined EN4 and SMOS data: (A) Regime A’: 1950–1988; (B) Regime B’: 1988–2010; and (C) Regime C’: 2010–2014. The differences between the trends of Regime B’ and A’ (D) and Regime C’ and B’ (E) are also included. Note the different (four times larger) color scale for panels (C,E). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-surface-salinity-trend-year-1-for-the-three-regimes-1yk82w2t.png Figure 4. Surface salinity trend (year−1) for the three regimes estimated by the EM procedure using EN4 1950–2014 data: (A) Regime A: 1950–1990; (B) Regime B: 1990–2009; and (C) Regime C: 2009–2014. The right panels include the differences between the trends of (D) Regimes B and A and (E) Regimes C and B. Note the different (four-times larger) color scale for (C,E). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mean-surface-salinity-for-the-three-regimes-2ls5d6bp.png Figure 8. Mean surface salinity for the three regimes estimated by the EM procedure using combined EN4 and SMOS data: (A) Regime A’: 1950–1988; (B) Regime B’: 1988–2010; and (C) Regime C’: 2010–2014. The differences between the means of Regime B’ and A’ (D) and Regime C’ and B’ (E) are also included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-surface-salinity-time-series-blue-for-four-1hsy25be.png Figure 5. Average surface salinity time series (blue) for four example regions: (A) Equatorial Atlantic (5◦ S–5◦ N); (B) North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (15◦ N–30◦ N); (C) Mediterranean; and (D) Equatorial Pacific (5◦ S–5◦ N). The green dashed lines indicate the separation (breakpoint) between regimes. The red lines are the average salinity for each regime, and the black lines represent the trends for each regime. The gray lines for the period 2010–2014 correspond with the SMOS data average for each region (not the Mediterranean). Note the change in the salinity range (vertical scale) in each panel. https://scispace.com/papers/region-of-interest-reconstruction-from-truncated-data-in-4uien8qpd3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-dimensional-slices-in-3-d-images-reconstructed-by-53b8gjnv.png Fig. 4. Two-dimensional slices in 3-D images reconstructed by use of the FDK algorithm (upper row), the BPF algorithm in (17) (middle row) and the weighted BPF algorithm in (19) (lower row), respectively, from noiseless data containing no truncation. First to fourth columns represent the 2-D slices in planes of x = 0, y = 25 mm, z = 0, z = 6:4 mm, respectively. Display window is [1.0, 1.04]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-profiles-in-images-displayed-in-fig-4-along-a-x-0-y-25-1tn2zjvi.png Fig. 5. Profiles in images displayed in Fig. 4 along (a) x = 0, y = 25 mm and (b) x = 17 mm, z = 0. Solid and dashed-dotted curves represent the results obtained by use of the weighted BPF algorithm in (19) and the FDK algorithm, respectively. True profiles (dotted curve) in the original phantom are also plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-profiles-in-images-displayed-in-fig-13-along-a-z-0-x-1whbss2y.png Fig. 14. Profiles in images displayed in Fig. 13 along (a) z = 0, x = 0 and (b) z = 33:8 mm, x = 0. Dotted and solid curves represent the results obtained from the FDK and the proposed algorithm in (19), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-profiles-in-images-displayed-in-fig-11-along-a-z-0-x-34u4fj97.png Fig. 12. Profiles in images displayed in Fig. 11 along (a) z = 0, x = 0 and (b) z = 33:8 mm, x = 0. Dotted and solid curves represent the results obtained from the FDK and the proposed algorithm in (19), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-two-dimensional-slices-in-3-d-images-reconstructed-by-1p0qjphx.png Fig. 13. Two-dimensional slices in 3-D images reconstructed by use of the FDK algorithm (upper row), the BPF algorithm in (13) (middle row), and the weighted BPF algorithm in (19) (lower row), respectively, from generated truncated data obtained from the Acuity cone-beam CT system. First to fourth columns represent the 2-D slices in planes of x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, z = 33:8 mm, respectively. Display window is [0.017, 0.030] mm . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-the-helical-cone-beam-scanning-3t8xcyqe.png Fig. 1. Illustration of the helical cone-beam scanning geometry and a PI-line segment. Rotation-coordinate system whose origin is fixed on the source point is specified by three unit vectors ê , ê , and ê . PI-line segment jointing two points on the helix is labeled by and , where j j 2 ; and x denotes a point on this PI-line segment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-dimensional-slices-in-3-d-images-reconstructed-by-3k69jnbi.png Fig. 6. Two-dimensional slices in 3-D images reconstructed by use of the FDK algorithm (upper row), the BPF algorithm in (17) (middle row) and the weighted BPF algorithm in (19) (lower row), respectively, from noisy data containing no truncation. First to fourth columns represent the 2-D slices in planes of x = 0, y = 25 mm, z = 0, z = 6:4 mm, respectively. Display window is [1.0, 1.04]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-two-dimensional-slices-in-3-d-images-reconstructed-by-t4dofick.png Fig. 11. Two-dimensional slices in 3-D images reconstructed by use of the FDK algorithm (upper row), the BPF algorithm in (13) (middle row), and the weighted BPF algorithm in (19) (lower row), respectively, from original data obtained from the Acuity cone-beam CT system. First to fourth columns represent the 2-D slices in planes of x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, z = 33:8 mm, respectively. Display window is [0.017, 0.030] mm . https://scispace.com/papers/regional-assessment-of-trends-in-vegetation-change-dynamics-50e5x1udxg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mann-kendall-monotonic-trend-fd7q4hxx.png Figure 4. Mann-Kendall monotonic trend https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-land-cover-types-for-glc-2000-and-glc-2009-34zgzrdx.png Table 2: Land cover types for GLC 2000 and GLC 2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-slope-coefficient-of-an-ordinary-least-square-n0r1aa8b.png Figure 2. Slope coefficient of an ordinary least square regression model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-first-principal-component-of-ndvi-time-series-2lfaxky8.png Figure 5. The first principal component of NDVI time series for 1983-2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-theil-sen-regression-model-g0ukqags.png Figure 3. Theil Sen Regression model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-dynamics-for-2000-2009-global-land-cover-2i2eik1w.png Figure 6. Change dynamics for 2000-2009 (Global land cover) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-study-area-source-gamd-database-2016-35oah4k2.png Figure 1. Map of study area Source: GAMD database, 2016 https://scispace.com/papers/regional-based-mitigation-to-reduce-wildlife-vehicle-2s9zi2ux09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-annual-averages-and-standard-errors-for-white-tailed-2emp718l.png Table 2. Annual averages and standard errors for white-tailed deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) and associated predictors for counties within 3 eco-zones in the Midwest United States during 2000–2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-model-validation-metrics-for-4-models-1vwivdu7.png Table 3. Comparison of model validation metrics for 4 models not including spatial random effects (NS) and including spatial random effects (SP) for predictive models of white-tailed deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) by counties within 3 eco-zones in the Midwest United States during 2000–2011. Values with asterisks represent the top competing model for each metric. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimates-of-regression-coefficients-and-95-2kkwnjd0.png Figure 2. Estimates of regression coefficients and 95% credible intervals from dynamic models for examining the influences of environmental predictors on the frequencies of white-tailed deer–vehicle collisions at a county level throughout the Midwest, USA, 2000–2011. Contagion is an index of fragmentation among land covers per county per year where lower values represent more fragmented landscapes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimates-of-regression-coefficients-and-95-2q6dcnp8.png Figure 4. Estimates of regression coefficients and 95% credible intervals for random state effects and random spatial effects for examining the spatial influences of environmental predictors on the frequencies of white-tailed deer–vehicle collisions at a county level throughout the Midwest, USA, 2000–2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predicted-counts-of-deer-vehicle-collisions-dvcs-in-3bxf6dp2.png Figure 3. Predicted counts of deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs) in counties throughout 3 eco-zones in the Midwest, USA during 2010 using the best fitting model. Solid lines indicate that the relationship was identified as being statistically influential in that eco-zone. Traffic is represented as annual average vehicle kilometers traveled. Contagion is an index of fragmentation among land covers per county per year where lower values represent more fragmented landscapes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-area-for-examination-of-dynamic-space-time-23zqk3cb.png Figure 1. Study area for examination of dynamic, space-time influences of white-tailed deer–vehicle collisions at the county level throughout the Midwest, USA, 2000–2011. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-observed-and-predicted-number-of-white-tailed-deer-29rnfw1n.png Figure 5. Observed and predicted number of white-tailed deer–vehicle collisions (DVCs), and measure of model uncertainty (i.e., spread of 95% credible intervals), for model validation in the Midwest, USA, 2011. Red stars indicate counties where the observed number of DVCs was outside of the predicted 95% credible intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/regional-lobbying-and-structural-funds-do-regional-54d3o5h6sj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-link-between-the-size-of-the-brussels-office-i4f96lil.png Table 2. The link between the size of the Brussels office (budget and staff) and the allocation of Structural funds. Instrumental variable (IV) analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-link-between-the-size-of-the-brussels-office-tzhcbqii.png Table 1. The link between the size of the Brussels office (budget and staff) and the allocation of Structural funds. Fixed effects (FE) analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-link-between-brussels-office-budgets-and-the-4ewnj2lr.png Figure 1. The link between Brussels office budgets and the allocation of regional funds (committed and paid). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-link-between-brussels-office-staff-and-the-ftnhmhgy.png Figure 2. The link between Brussels office staff and the allocation of regional funds (committed and paid). https://scispace.com/papers/regions-that-influence-acoustic-propagation-in-the-sea-at-3uxbq4fbsn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-region-of-influence-computed-with-exact-solution-of-1vz9noar.png FIG. 8. a Region of influence computed with exact solution of wave equation normal modes, 100 Hz center frequency, 20 Hz bandwidth and Huygens-Fresnel principle for the measure of influence of the first type highest peak in selected window of travel time . The interference filter has been applied so this is identical to Fig. 4 b . The region of influence is reconstructed with a fidelity of f =0.9. b Same except the wave equation is solved with the sound-speed insensitive parabolic approximation.9 c Same as b except effects of diffraction are computed from the integral theorem of Helmholtz and Kirchhoff.1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-ray-between-source-and-receiver-at-5-m-depths-and-3vck5tg5.png FIG. 9. a Ray between source and receiver at 5-m depths and 500-km distance. Sound travels this path in 331.755 s. The sound speed field is the same as used for Fig. 1. b The corresponding region of influence for energy centered at 2500 Hz arriving within a pulse resolution of 0.05 s centered on the peak of the impulse response at 331.755 s. The acoustic fields are computed exactly using normal modes. The region of influence is estimated using the interference filter, the HuygensFresnel principle, and the fractional amplitude method with a fidelity of f =0.9. The net region of influence has many un-ray-like features at this distance, despite the fact that the center frequency is large. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-same-as-fig-1-except-the-measure-of-influence-of-the-3c890xrt.png FIG. 5. Same as Fig. 1 except the measure of influence of the second type is used energy of time series within window of travel time . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-same-as-fig-2-except-the-measure-of-influence-of-the-3aafk5i5.png FIG. 6. Same as Fig. 2 except the measure of influence of the second type is used energy of time series within window of travel time . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-same-as-figs-5-and-6-except-the-interference-filter-is-31y8ki2a.png FIG. 7. Same as Figs. 5 and 6 except the interference filter is used. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-b-two-rays-between-source-and-receiver-at-5-m-depth-1k784qin.png FIG. 1. a, b Two rays between source and receiver at 5-m depth and 50-km separation compared with the constructive region of influence as a function of center frequency. The simulated signal has a bandwidth of 20 Hz, and a center frequency of 100, 500, 1250, and 2500 Hz in panels b – e and g – j , respectively. Results are for the differential measure of influence of the first type highest peak within the window of travel time and the Huygens-Fresnel principle with inclination factor equal to unity Eq. 8 for k=1 using Eq. 4 . The left right column shows regions that contribute 0.9 0.99 of the amplitude of the peak within the window of travel time. The speed of sound varies with depth according to Eq. 10 with c0=1500 m s−1 and a=1.2 10−5 m−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-fig-1-except-only-destructive-regions-of-1fihp3w2.png FIG. 2. Same as Fig. 1 except only destructive regions of influence are shown gray in b – e and g and h . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-same-as-figs-1-and-2-except-the-interference-filter-is-2wjyvqbb.png FIG. 4. Same as Figs. 1 and 2 except the interference filter is used. https://scispace.com/papers/regioselective-c-h-functionalization-of-naphthalenes-10s3af6kbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-naphthalene-core-in-natural-products-and-active-31obq7cp.png Figure 1. Naphthalene core in natural products and active compounds https://scispace.com/papers/regression-as-a-method-to-predict-copy-numbers-in-3s6jqyf3lw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-rmsep-and-ec-for-the-different-predictors-when-a2-1-20av8qze.png Table 7 RMSEP and EC for the different predictors when a2 ¼ 1 (no effect of array). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-rmsep-and-ec-for-the-different-predictors-when-a2-1-1jnnyx87.png Table 8 RMSEP and EC for the different predictors when a2 ¼ 1=6 (effect of array). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-the-observed-ratios-3uu21iix.png Figure 1 Histogram of the observed ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-conditional-probability-of-copy-number-c-given-590wkdod.png Table 6 The conditional probability of copy number c given that the gene is present, PðC ¼ cjC > 0Þ, for distribution D1, . . . , D5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-histogram-of-data-with-and-without-grouping-with-dew5t12q.png Figure 2 Histogram of data, with and without grouping with respect to copy number, for two different data sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rmsep-a-and-ec-b-for-the-different-predictors-for-1dd5c9oh.png Figure 4 RMSEP (a) and EC (b) for the different predictors for different values of s. RMSEP (c) and EC (d) for the different predictors for different values of t. RMSEP (e) and EC (f) for the different predictors for different values of p0. RMSEP (g) and EC (h) for the different predictors for different distributions. Data were simulated with effect of array. See Figure 3 for explanation of the symbols. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-average-for-each-array-d-ykth-and-the-variances-dz9uvygs.png Table 2 The average for each array ð ykÞ and the variances between the genes for each array ðVar ð ykjÞ ¼ s2kÞ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-genes-of-enterococcus-faecalis-strains-3v9rm8bj.png Table 3 Number of genes of Enterococcus faecalis strains predicted as divergent ðĉ ¼ 0Þ. https://scispace.com/papers/regolith-simulant-preparation-methods-for-hardware-testing-90gxdv4jbi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-three-granular-material-gm-preparation-2a9sw9rw.png Figure 1: The three Granular Material (GM) preparation techniques explored in this publication: Pour (from a height above 50 cm), Vibrate (while pouring the GM in container) and Rain (a curtain of GM is deposited by layers from a controlled height and at a controlled speed). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-resin-impregnation-set-up-with-needle-2aron1rs.png Figure 3: Schematic of resin impregnation set-up with needle placed in the granular material and filled with resin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pictures-of-poured-and-vibrated-ssc-1-and-ssc-2-3s1k09mc.png Figure 7: Pictures of poured and vibrated SSC-1 and SSC-2 samples. The SSC-2 samples are very homogenous. The SSC-1 samples present some slight fabric variations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graph-of-cumulative-mass-obtained-when-raining-ssc-2alx6hz2.png Figure 2: Graph of cumulative mass obtained when raining SSC-1 and SSC-2 regolith simulants from the hopper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-relative-densities-achieved-fabric-of-the-37c98p04.png Table 6: Summary of relative densities achieved, fabric of the granular material, hard-ware requirements and critical points of the Rain, Vibrate and Pour technique studied in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-value-and-standard-deviation-of-volumetric-3j68u7pl.png Table 5: Mean value and standard deviation of Volumetric Relative Density (VRD) and Insitu Relative Density (ISRD) measured after using Pour or Vibrate preparation techniques with SSC-1 in the 13.5 L container (C-3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pictures-of-ssc-1-prepared-in-transparent-container-37cvv7u3.png Figure 5: Pictures of SSC-1 prepared in transparent container with Rain method. The layering and segregation of particles in each layer are visible in each picture. The differences in soil fabric caused by the slow or fast speed of the hopper are clearly visible. A fast hopper speed creates thin layers and a slow hopper speeds creates thick layers. Hopper height has no visible influence on layering. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pictures-of-resin-spheres-obtained-after-preparing-3gpr4wsc.png Figure 8: Pictures of resin spheres obtained after preparing and impregnating SSC-1. The spheres have a diameter of approximately 5 cm. On the right, the round resin sphere is a poured SSC-1 sample. On the left the resin “sphere” is a rained sample (Scott (2009)). The resin impregnation technique allows local fabric observation. https://scispace.com/papers/regularization-of-hele-shaw-flows-multiscaling-expansions-32lo46unix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-emergence-annihilation-and-absorbtion-of-bubbles-3ln1uv8r.png Figure 3: Emergence, annihilation and absorbtion of bubbles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cusp-formation-and-creation-of-a-bubble-which-1qu84a7b.png Figure 2: Cusp formation and creation of a bubble which develops a new cusp https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-u-0-solid-line-and-uc-ou-1-dashed-line-1af5l8tg.png Figure 1: u(0) (solid line) and uc + ǫ̃ũ (1) (dashed line) https://scispace.com/papers/regularization-and-variable-selection-via-the-elastic-net-4z8q6j5o0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prostate-cancer-data-comparing-different-methods-4jp08ors.png Table 1: Prostate cancer data: comparing different methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exact-solutions-for-the-lasso-ridge-and-the-naive-1bmp3ld7.png Figure 2: Exact solutions for the lasso, ridge and the naive elastic net (naive ENet) in an orthogonal design. Shrinkage parameters are λ1 = 2, λ2 = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-leukemia-classification-results-cfvtqlkl.png Table 4: Summary of leukemia classification results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-of-mse-inside-are-the-corresponding-std-34ed95gu.png Table 2: Median of MSE, inside () are the corresponding std. errors based on B = 500 Bootstrap. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-leukemia-classification-and-gene-selection-by-the-17mqemob.png Figure 6: Leukemia classification and gene selection by the elastic net(λ = 0.01). The early stopping strategy (the upper plot) finds the optimal classifier with much less computational cost. With early stopping, the number of steps is much more convenient than s, the fraction of L1 norm, since computing s depends on the fit at the last step of the LARS-EN algorithm, the actual values of s are not available in 10-fold cross-validation if the LARS-EN algorithm is early stopped. On the training set, steps=200 is equivalent to s = 0.50, indicated by the broken vertical line in the lower plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparing-prediction-accuracy-of-the-lasso-the-3dty9uny.png Figure 4: Comparing prediction accuracy of the lasso, the elastic net (Enet), ridge and the naive elastic net (NEnet). The elastic net outperforms the lasso in all four examples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-leukemia-data-the-elastic-net-coefficients-paths-up-dsk6jgm5.png Figure 7: Leukemia data: the elastic net coefficients paths (up to k = 100). The labels on the top indicate the number of nonzero coefficients (selected genes) at each step. The optimal elastic net model is given by the fit at step eighty-two with 45 selected genes. Note that the size of training set is 38, so the lasso can at most select 38 genes. In contrast, the elastic net selected more than 38 genes, not limited by the sample size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-median-number-of-non-zero-coefficients-180g1d3d.png Table 3: Median number of non-zero coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/regression-dynamic-causal-modeling-for-resting-state-fmri-mcntzgdvbj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameter-recovery-for-regression-dcm-and-13mimisi.png TABLE 1 Model parameter recovery for regression DCM and spectral DCM https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-of-evidence-accumulation-by-pupil-linked-arousal-4ii1k3p0c6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-behaviour-of-108-participants-a-participants-2rarf0sn.png Figure 1: Basic behaviour of 108 participants. (a) Participants listened to a train of twenty clicks coming in either the left (L, black bars) or right (R, grey bars) ear for one second, and decided which side had more clicks. (b) Choice probability (probability of choosing left) showed sigmoidal relationship with di culty (the di↵erence in number of clicks between left and right). (c) Reaction times were higher on more di cult trials. Size of grey dots scaled by number of trials. All error bars (black bars) indicate s.e.m. across participants. Dotted red lines are fits with sigmoidal function and linear function respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-interaction-between-suboptimalities-across-19gd28o0.png Figure 3: Interaction between suboptimalities across participants. (a) RL is significantly negatively correlated with SNR (r = 0.28, p = 0.003). (b) CK is significantly positively correlated with SNR (r = 0.22, p = 0.03). (c) RL is significantly negatively correlated with CK (r = 0.46, p = 5⇥ 10 7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trial-by-trial-interaction-between-pupil-change-and-16h041dx.png Figure 5: Trial-by-trial interaction between pupil change and integration behaviour. Ttest against zero, two-tailed, ⇤⇤: FDR corrected for multiple comparisons p = 0.0016. All error bars (black bars) indicate s.e.m. across participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-regression-model-leftmost-mean-of-click-weights-is-5fyfjbrk.png Figure 2: Regression model. (Leftmost) Mean of click weights is significantly above zero. T-test against zero, two-tailed, ⇤ ⇤ ⇤: FDR corrected for multiple comparisons p < 0.00001. (Second from left) Deviation of click weights from the mean has an uneven shape. repeated measures ANOVA, ⇤ ⇤ ⇤: p < 0.00001. (Second from right) E↵ect of previous trials: RL (the correct side in previous trial) positively predicts choice, indicating a reinforcement learning e↵ect, while as CK (the choice made in previous trial) negatively predicts choice, indicating a alternating choice kernel. T-test against zero, two-tailed, ⇤⇤: FDR corrected for multiple comparisons p < 0.00001, Cohen’s d > 1; ⇤: FDR corrected for multiple comparisons p < 0.00001, Cohen’s d > 0.5. (Rightmost) Side bias. T-test against zero, two-tailed, ⇤: FDR corrected for multiple comparisons p = 0.0001. All error bars (black bars) indicate s.e.m. across participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-interaction-between-pupil-change-and-integration-2k2njl40.png Figure 4: Interaction between pupil change and integration behaviour across participants. (a) Pupil diameter time-locked to the onset of clicks, averaged within participants across trials and then across participants. All shaded areas indicate s.e.m. across participants. (b) Averaged pupil response across participants split into two groups — high (blue) vs. low (red) change in pupil response. All shaded areas indicate s.e.m. across participants. (c) Regression weights averaged across participants split into high vs. low pupil change groups for visualization. (Leftmost) Mean regression weight showed no change across groups. (Second from left) Pupil had a significant interaction e↵ect with time on regression weights. Two way mixed ANOVA, ⇤⇤: p = 0.0018. (Second from right) E↵ect of previous trials showed no di↵erences across groups. (Rightmost) Side bias showed no change across groups. All error bars indicate s.e.m. across participants. https://scispace.com/papers/regulation-of-neural-gene-expression-by-estrogen-receptor-3rrl83zevh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estrogen-regulation-of-gene-expression-and-chromatin-2o0zmhn5.png Fig. 2. Estrogen regulation of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in BNSTp ERα+ cells. (A) Combined sex EB vs. Veh RNA-seq in BNSTp ERα+ cells; light grey and red dots (DESeq2, padj<0.1), dark grey and red dots (DESeq2, p<0.01), purple dots (ISH-validated). (B) BETA analysis of ERα peaks and differentially-expressed genes (DESeq2, p<0.01). p-values from K-S test. (C) ISH of select genes induced by EB in both sexes (2-way ANOVA: Brinp2 p=0.0373, Rcn1 p=0.0307, Enah p=0.0003, Tle3 p=0.0001; n=4, scale=200um). (D) MA plot of EB-regulated ATAC-seq peaks in BNSTp ERα+ cells; red dots (DiffBind edgeR, log2FC>1, padj<0.05), grey dots (DiffBind edgeR, log2FC<-1, padj<0.05). (E) Top motifs enriched in EB-open ATAC-seq peaks (AME). % of peaks containing enriched motifs calculated with FIMO. (F) BETA analysis of EB-open ATAC sites and differentially-expressed genes (DESeq2, p<0.01). p-values from K-S test. (G) Example ERα peaks at estrogen-induced (Nrip1, Rcn1) and estrogen-repressed (Nr2f1, Astn2) genes. (H) (Left) Intersection of ERα peaks and EB-open ATAC peaks. (Right) Heatmap of mean ATAC CPM +/-1Kb around EB-induced ERα peaks. Heatmap sorted by EB ATAC CPM. (I) Mean+SD BNSTp vehicle ATAC CPM (left) and liver ATAC CPM (right) at tissue-specific, non-promoter ERα peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-era-binds-extensively-at-male-biased-genes-in-the-bnst-36o93ifc.png Fig. 4. ERα binds extensively at male-biased genes in the BNST (A) Number of sexually dimorphic genes (DEGs) per cluster (DESeq2, padj<0.1) across BNST snRNA-seq clusters. Clusters segregated by Esr1 expression, grouped by BNST subregion, and sorted by % Esr1+ nuclei per cluster. (B) (Left) UMAP of Esr1+ BNSTp clusters. (Right) Normalized Esr1 counts per nucleus. (C) BETA analysis of ERα peaks and sex DEGs detected in Esr1+ clusters. p-values from K-S test, ns=not significant. (D) (Left) Heatmap showing z-scaled, normalized expression of male-biased ERα target genes for the 5 clusters with enriched ERα binding. (Right) Mean ERα CUT&RUN CPM +/-1Kb around the nearest ERα peak to male-biased genes in each cluster. Heatmaps sorted by EB ERα CUT&RUN CPM. (E) Boxplots showing normalized expression of Dlg2 and Tiparp. Red=clusters with differential expression. (F) Normalized Nfix counts per nucleus in Esr1+ clusters. (G) Barplot showing BETA analysis -log10(p-val) for ERα+Nfix co-bound peaks and male-biased genes in Esr1+ clusters. Dashed line=K-S test cutoff. (H) Example ERα+Nfix co-bound peaks at BNSTpr St18 male-biased genes and BNSTpr St18 male-biased genes regulated by neonatal EB. (I) Neonatal female EB vs. Veh RNA-seq in BNST ERα+ nuclei; grey, red dots (DESeq2, padj<0.05); ERα target genes not male-biased (gold dots) or male-biased (cyan dots) in adult BNSTp. . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-genomic-targets-of-era-in-sexually-dimorphic-neuronal-341cobfv.png Fig. 1. Genomic targets of ERα in sexually dimorphic neuronal populations. (A) Coronal sections of sexually dimorphic brain areas used for ERα CUT&RUN. (B) Heatmap of mean IgG and ERα CUT&RUN CPM +/-1Kb around EB-induced ERα CUT&RUN peaks (DiffBind edgeR, padj<0.1). Heatmap sorted by EB ERα CUT&RUN signal. (C) ESR1 motif footprint in ERα peaks (CUT&RUNTools). (D) Proportion of ERα peaks detected specifically in brain. (E) Top GO Biological Process terms associated with genes nearest to brain-specific or shared (≥4 other tissues) ERα peaks (clusterProfiler, padj<0.1). (F) Top Disease Ontology (DO) terms associated with genes nearest to brain-specific ERα peaks (DOSE, padj<0.1). (G) Example brain-specific (Cntnap2, Ntrk2), shared (Rybp, Myrip), and disease-associated (Drd3, Htr1a, Grin2b) ERα peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-nfix-and-era-are-bimodally-recruited-to-estrogen-11fr4zdx.png Fig. 3. Nfix and ERα are bimodally recruited to estrogen-induced genes. (A) Top enriched JASPAR motif clusters (AME) in ERα peaks. % peaks containing enriched motif determined with FIMO. (B) Immunofluorescence staining for GFP and Nfix in an adult male Esr1Cre/+; ROSA26CAG-Sun1-sfGFP-Myc/+ animal (scale=100mm). (C) Mean IgG CUT&RUN, ERα CUT&RUN, Nfix CUT&RUN, and ATAC CPM +/-1Kb around 255 ERα+Nfix pre-bound peaks (dark lines) and 218 ERα+Nfix recruited peaks (light lines). Heatmap sorted by mean EB ERα CUT&RUN CPM. (D) NFIX dimer motif footprint at ERα+Nfix co-bound peaks (CUT&RUNTools). (E) BETA analysis of ERα+Nfix co-bound peaks and differential genes (DESeq2, p<0.01). p-value from K-S test. (F) Example ERα+Nfix pre-bound (Enah, Rbm20) and ERα+Nfix recruited (Brinp2, Tle3) peaks at estrogen-induced genes. (G) Comparison of (top) baseline BNSTp chromatin accessibility (Veh ATAC mean CPM), (middle) accessibility fold change, and (bottom) log-odds ESR1 motif score at ERα+Nfix pre-bound (dark red) and ERα+Nfix recruited peaks (light red). p-values from Mann-Whitney U test. . https://scispace.com/papers/reinforcement-learning-as-a-tool-to-make-people-move-to-a-2cjj6hwb91 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-skewness-values-of-the-histogram-functions-of-the-25cmxkn9.png Figure 3: Skewness values of the histogram functions of the time spent on each area per for experiment versions Left and Right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentages-of-time-spent-on-each-area-for-values-1-75h5eetl.png Figure 2: Percentages of time spent on each area for values 1.0, 0.5 and 0.1 . Left plots are from the Left version of the experiment, right plots are from the Right version. (FL=far left area, L=left, C=centre, R=right, FR=far right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-samples-and-skewness-for-each-epsilon-and-1zl8tsj1.png Table 1: Number of samples and skewness for each epsilon and experiment condition. KS test p-values show a progressive difference between Left and Right distributions as decreases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-and-standard-deviation-for-each-grouped-by-fqsam8xh.png Figure 1: Mean and standard deviation for each grouped by experiment version. https://scispace.com/papers/relap5-3d-resolution-of-known-restart-backup-issues-5fhmelr9nj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-0-1-verification-file-with-2-cases-for-edwards-pipe-3i9u21k2.png Figure 2.0.1. Verification File with 2 Cases for Edward’s Pipe https://scispace.com/papers/relap-7-theory-manual-askcswgli2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-state-variable-definitions-1dat9986.png Table 6. State variable definitions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-simplified-wet-well-model-1km66j7x.png Figure 6. A simplified wet well model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vaporization-and-condensation-at-a-liquid-vapor-h6wshnih.png Figure 3. Vaporization and condensation at a liquid-vapor interface (after Moody [1]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-constants-for-the-linear-equation-of-state-for-p0-5-357dezb6.png Table 4. Constants for the linear equation of state for p0 = 5 MPa and T0 = 375, 400, 425, and 450K. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-turbine-characteristics-credit-of-saravanamuttoo-3cqtbgso.png Figure 4. Turbine characteristics (credit of Saravanamuttoo, Rogers, and Cohen [2]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-stiffened-gas-equation-of-state-parameters-for-water-yhtrhdjc.png Table 5. Stiffened gas equation of state parameters for water and its vapor, from [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-balance-equation-variable-definitions-28kmuxxo.png Table 1. Balance Equation Variable Definitions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-multi-physics-and-multi-dimensional-capability-3m36flmi.png Figure 7. Multi-physics and multi-dimensional capability coupling for RELAP-7 https://scispace.com/papers/relation-between-college-students-conservatism-and-negative-oc14h24ro4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-among-the-stereotype-measures-feelings-yjkk5nj7.png Table 2. Correlations among the stereotype measures, feelings about social groups and modern sexism. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-among-modern-sexism-conservatism-1m12mk4x.png Table 1. Correlations among modern sexism, conservatism, religiosity, Global Belief in a Just World (GBJW), social dominance orientation (SDO), and the Big Five https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-ratings-of-liking-for-15-social-groups-20x997ne.png Table 4. Mean Ratings of Liking for 15 Social Groups. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-among-the-stereotype-measures-ti0js3lv.png Table 3. Correlations among the stereotype measures, conservatism, religiosity, GBJW, SDO, and the Big Five. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-annual-mean-temperature-and-degree-days-4q1mylmjht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-heating-and-cooling-degree-days-calculated-using-1273gq0k.png Figure 3: Heating and cooling degree-days calculated using the derived relationships. (a) HDD18.3 and (b) CDD10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-stepwise-regression-for-cdd10-388vh9eb.png Table 3: Summary of stepwise regression for CDD10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-map-of-5511-reporting-stations-1icu6o4u.png Figure 1: Location map of 5511 reporting stations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-coefficients-for-hdd18-3-models-38wirakb.png Table 2: Regression coefficients for HDD18.3 models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cubic-and-4th-order-curve-fit-of-t-vs-degree-days-15o5pu7v.png Figure 2: Cubic and 4th order curve-fit of T vs. degree-days for 5511 locations. (a) HDD18.3 and (b) CDD10. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-coefficients-for-cdd10-models-2qpnla20.png Table 4: Regression coefficients for CDD10 models. https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-therapeutic-climate-and-treatment-4i0z0xhjuj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-between-treatment-change-and-the-eight-1m4rxum8.png Table 4: Correlations between treatment change and the eight GES sub-scales where significant differences were found+ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-length-of-therapy-and-make-up-of-treatment-groups-n-1tipeg8x.png Table 1: Length of therapy and make-up of treatment groups (N=100) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-percentage-of-child-abusers-showing-significant-1c07z4pg.png Table 3: Percentage of child abusers showing significant change in the 12 groups (n=76) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standardised-scores-on-the-eight-ges-sub-scales-1pmarpnb.png Table 2: Standardised scores on the eight GES sub-scales where significant differences were found* https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-transport-accessibility-and-land-value-30mnh8vxlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-map-of-parameter-estimates-associated-with-variable-1fbjt9je.png Figure 3: map of parameter estimates associated with variable INMSCA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-map-of-parameter-estimates-associated-with-variable-gw0f10ts.png Figure 2: map of parameter estimates associated with variable CARCEMP https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-parameter-estimates-associated-with-variable-fheooc0g.png Figure 1: map of parameter estimates associated with variable PT08E13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-recent-literature-2e9mqoub.png Table 1: Summary of recent literature https://scispace.com/papers/relationship-between-trait-neuroticism-and-suicidal-ideation-3zqeztc0uv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-results-for-the-conditional-indirect-354jj0qv.png Table 4. Regression results for the conditional indirect effect (mediation model) https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-between-sterol-phospholipid-composition-and-33h9r8f9ac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-b-examples-of-iatroscan-lipid-profiles-of-h-1fwhjh4w.png Fig. 2 a, b examples of iatroscan lipid profiles of H. contortus eggs. a Profile of lipid classes: four lipid classes were observed in all isolates—sterol esters, triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. b Profile of phospholipid classes: eight phospholipids were observed in all isolates—phosphatidic acid (PA), diphosphoglycerid (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyeline (SM), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Values in parentheses denote retention time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-three-layers-of-nematode-eggshells-are-visible-owdj1dbs.png Fig. 3 The three layers of nematode eggshells are visible: vitellin, chitinous, and lipid/protein layer. UIC2 immunogold staining of Pgp in eggshells (Haemonchus contortus Guadeloupe resistant isolate). UIC2 mAb is specific to the active conformation of Pgp. The clustering of immunogold particles formed well-defined black, round staining. No staining was observed for the two isotypic controls. Eg Eggshell, Ext extracellular medium, Int intracellular medium (magnification, 21,000× https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-b-the-free-cholesterol-concentration-influenced-3i86d6t7.png Fig. 4 a, b The free cholesterol concentration influenced anthelmintic resistance (TBZ; a) and the number of Pgp-active eggs [UIC2 (+) eggs; b) in H. contortus eggs from different isolates. a A highly significant Boltzmann sigmoidal regression was observed between the level of resistance estimated from the LC50 to TBZ and the free cholesterol content (P<0.01). b The relationship between the number of UIC2 (+) eggs and the free cholesterol content showed an optimum of Pgp activity at a free cholesterol concentration of about 63 ng/ml (P<0.05). R123 uptake by eggs showed a similar, although nonsignificant, relationship with free cholesterol concentration. Mean±SD for the three measurements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-kinetics-of-r123-uptake-arbitrary-units-au-by-h-3bf16756.png Fig. 1 Kinetics of R123 uptake (arbitrary units, au) by H. contortus. Guadeloupe egg isolate (HcR–G) chosen to determine the shortest contact time required for the maximum uptake of R123 by Pgp. The maximum uptake was obtained after 15 s https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationships-between-lipid-composition-of-h-1ihtznow.png Table 2 Relationships between lipid composition of H. contortus eggs, number of Pgp in the active conformation, xenobiotic transport, and resistance to anthelmintics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sterol-and-phospholipid-compositions-of-h-contortus-2b5xpk2r.png Table 1 Sterol and phospholipid compositions of H. contortus eggs (ng/1,000 eggs) https://scispace.com/papers/relationships-among-felt-scale-insects-hemiptera-coccoidea-4mtvre7bet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-primers-used-in-this-study-2mbsr4hi.png Table 3. Primers used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-adult-female-of-madarococcus-megaventris-sp-nov-2qg7ib33.png Fig. 9. Adult female of Madarococcus megaventris, sp. nov. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-adult-female-of-madarococcus-occultus-sp-nov-zu7qtwi2.png Fig. 12. Adult female of Madarococcus occultus, sp. nov. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-majority-rule-consensus-tree-returned-from-bayesian-1i6g3j3b.png Fig. 2. A, Majority-rule consensus tree returned from Bayesian analysis of morphological data. Posterior probabilities ≥0.95 represented by diamond below node. B, Strict consensus of MP trees recovered from DNA scaffold analysis. Open circles correspond to backbone constraint. Bootstrap proportions ≥0.70 represented by diamond below node. Nothofagus-feeding taxa subtended by bold branches. Names of South American taxa in grey; names of Australian taxa black, in heavy bold; names of New Zealand taxa in black. Taxon names used on these two trees comprise those in the literature before this study as well as those of new species described herein; our broadened concept of Madarococcus is indicated by the node labelled with this genus name. An asterisk indicates the clade in which adult females have spatulate sural setae. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-adult-female-of-madarococcus-meander-sp-nov-1527t3bd.png Fig. 7. Adult female of Madarococcus meander, sp. nov. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spatulate-suranal-setae-of-adult-madarococcus-spp-a-m-3inu2mnn.png Fig. 1. Spatulate suranal setae of adult Madarococcus spp.: A, M. hispidus; B, M. intermedius with flattened surface perpendicular to observer; C, M. intermedius with flattened surface facing observer [figures B, and C, drawn from same specimen]; D, M. nelsonensis; E, M. occultus; F, M. osculus with acute apex; G, M. osculus with splintered apex; H, M. viridulus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-first-instar-nymph-of-madarococcus-cunninghamii-sp-nov-19d4orit.png Fig. 6. First-instar nymph of Madarococcus cunninghamii, sp. nov. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-first-instar-nymph-of-madarococcus-meander-sp-nov-f887usai.png Fig. 8. First-instar nymph of Madarococcus meander, sp. nov. https://scispace.com/papers/relaxation-of-a-system-of-particles-with-coulomb-1f3kizwmfw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2yxsttq4.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/relative-growth-morphological-sexual-maturity-heterochely-7w5u431ttr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-study-area-water-represented-by-2mbqhidm.png Figure 1. location of the study area, water represented by dark gray in the map of intertidal estuarine zone of cananéia, São paulo, southeastern brazil. note: adapted from pescinelli et al. 2017. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-panopeus-occidentalis-saussure-1857-descriptive-ebspglz3.png Table 1. Panopeus occidentalis Saussure, 1857. descriptive statistics for each sex (cW = carapace width, Sd = standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-panopeus-occidentalis-saussure-1857-regression-1m27o3s0.png Table 2. Panopeus occidentalis Saussure, 1857. regression analyses of morphometric data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-panopeus-occidentalis-saussure-1857-results-of-the-3olxghs4.png Table 3. Panopeus occidentalis Saussure, 1857. results of the covariance analysis (ancova). https://scispace.com/papers/relevant-recruiting-for-online-survey-participation-6s6b8b6kzq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-colorado-counties-and-data-availability-2kjowbt5.png Figure 1. Map of Colorado counties and data availability. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-survey-recruitment-and-response-by-county-2yowmd12.png Table 2. Details of survey recruitment and response by county. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pretest-details-and-responses-udm74ej3.png Table 1. Pretest details and responses. https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-and-comparison-of-kinect-based-methods-for-bz135f4l8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spatiotemporal-gait-parameters-of-healthy-and-post-2ymar1at.png Table 2. Spatiotemporal gait parameters of healthy and post-stroke individuals https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-methods-used-to-estimate-2xwxhwxf.png Table 1. Description of the methods used to estimate spatiotemporal measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reliability-of-kinect-based-methods-for-estimating-3i69u0b6.png Table 3. Reliability of Kinect-based methods for estimating spatiotemporal gait parameters of healthy and post-stroke individuals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-description-of-the-setup-3uwfoom2.png Figure 1. Description of the setup https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-analysis-of-an-energy-aware-raid-system-18uczcfvn5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-afr-comparison-between-paraid-0-and-raid-0-at-a-high-1d4sh02t.png Fig. 10: AFR Comparison Between PARAID-0 And RAID-0 at A High Access Rate(80 times per hour). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-experiment-parameter-setup-3lkzxrut.png TABLE III: Experiment Parameter Setup https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-disks-utilization-comparison-between-paraid-0-and-raid-20nh065h.png Fig. 8: Disks Utilization Comparison Between PARAID-0 And RAID-0 at A Low Access Rate(80 times per hour). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-disks-utilization-comparison-between-paraid-0-and-raid-i0ng4e62.png Fig. 7: Disks Utilization Comparison Between PARAID-0 And RAID-0 at A Low Access Rate(20 times per hour). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-overview-of-the-mreed-reliability-modeling-methodology-2grnd29u.png Fig. 1: Overview of the MREED reliability modeling methodology https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-temperature-factor-1qp2cr6y.png TABLE I: Temperature Factor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-afr-comparison-between-paraid-0-and-raid-0-at-a-low-1ijuobvd.png Fig. 9: AFR Comparison Between PARAID-0 And RAID-0 at A Low Access Rate(20 times per hour). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-framework-of-paraid-skewed-striping-of-replicated-3imcsrhc.png Fig. 2: Framework of PARAID: skewed striping of replicated blocks in soft state, creating 3 RAID gears over 4 disks [1] https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-in-multi-regional-power-systems-capacity-54943l5xe8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-capacity-values-of-interconnectors-between-two-2dwg7i0t.png Figure 9: Capacity values of interconnectors between two regions with respect to total system (EU) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-critical-residual-demand-in-the-isolated-two-2tk3mr4j.png Figure 1: Critical residual demand in the isolated two-regional systems Great Britain - France (left) and Germany - France (right) for LOLE = 3h/y https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-country-specific-capacity-value-of-wind-power-with-2e5oul4v.png Figure 8: Country-specific capacity value of wind power with respect to total system for different reliability levels EEU https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-capacity-value-of-interconnectors-for-cooperating-1fm2f0lo.png Figure 4: Capacity value of interconnectors for cooperating two-region systems GB -FR (left) and DE -FR (right) with different reliability targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-sets-parameters-and-variables-38xdcfov.png Table 1: Model sets, parameters and variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-capacity-requirements-as-a-function-of-eeu-with-the-267hg7d8.png Figure 5: Capacity requirements as a function of EEU with the respective gains from cooperation (marked in black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-capacity-value-of-wind-power-for-isolated-and-33xybxps.png Figure 3: Capacity value of wind power for isolated and cooperating two-region systems GB -FR (left) and DE - FR (right) with different reliability targets (Upper graphs: LOLE=0, middle graphs: LOLE=3, lower graphs: corresponding EEU) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-marginal-capacity-values-of-interconnectors-zdh8rmz9.png Figure 11: Marginal capacity values of interconnectors between two regions with respect to total system (EU) https://scispace.com/papers/reliability-and-validity-of-a-self-rated-analogue-scale-for-2d67jy7mjy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simple-correlation-regression-analyses-of-global-2xs9yufd.png TABLE 2. Simple Correlation/ Regression Analyses of Global Successful Aging Score (Dependent Variable) Predicted by Dimensional Measures of Successful Aging (N [ 498) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analyses-of-successful-aging-models-as-1b8bd8pr.png TABLE 3. Regression Analyses of Successful Aging Models as Predictors of Life Satisfaction and Quality of Life https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-stepwise-regression-analyses-of-significant-2cf3fzhs.png TABLE 4. Stepwise Regression Analyses of Significant Independent Correlates of Global and Dimensional Measures of Successful Aging (Dependent Variables) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-study-sample-n-489-xwmzftyb.png TABLE 1. Characteristics of Study Sample (N [ 489) https://scispace.com/papers/relics-reionization-lensing-cluster-survey-4611940yk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relics-cluster-names-1hk1a5t9.png Table 3 RELICS Cluster Names https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relics-clusters-ftoosxxu.png Table 2 RELICS Clusters https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-relics-hst-imaging-with-acs-and-wfc3-36tp963x.png Table 6 RELICS HST Imaging with ACS and WFC3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-hst-source-catalog-content-y0sfydcm.png Table 14 HST Source Catalog Content https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-hst-source-catalog-photometry-in-each-filter-1qnkyqou.png Table 16 HST Source Catalog: Photometry in Each Filter https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-hst-source-catalog-detection-and-shape-measurement-3ilnjc53.png Table 15 HST Source Catalog: Detection and Shape Measurement https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-archival-hst-imaging-programs-of-relics-clusters-2doim1bo.png Table 5 Archival HST Imaging Programs of RELICS Clusters https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-large-surveys-including-relics-clusters-motivated-2ygtlsni.png Table 11 Large Surveys Including RELICS Clusters Motivated in Part by RELICS https://scispace.com/papers/relief-of-symptoms-side-effects-and-psychological-distress-2n6puo0f6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-history-characteristics-of-357conbj.png Table 1. Demographic and Clinical History Characteristics of Study Population https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-least-squares-regression-analysis-of-predictors-of-14diy4e0.png Table 3. Least Squares Regression Analysis of Predictors of Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Therapies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reasons-for-use-and-providers-of-complementary-and-1ygayzv8.png Table 2. Reasons for Use and Providers of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) [Don’t you mean types of CAM used? –RMCJ] Therapies* [What does this asterisk indicate? –RMCJ] https://scispace.com/papers/rembrandt-s-textural-agency-a-shared-perspective-in-visual-1acsfmm16a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7a-mean-number-of-fixations-during-the-first-5-second-2gc87ojz.png Fig. 7A. Mean number of fixations during the first 5 second viewing period for three different types of portraits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-j-h-sandens-reverend-cole-close-up-fig-2-h-browns-1w199uw9.png Fig. 1. J.H. Sanden’s “Reverend Cole Close-up” Fig. 2. H. Brown’s “Charlo Girl” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-four-original-rembrandts-and-our-photographs-of-human-1ca1092o.png Fig. 4. Four original Rembrandts and our photographs of human model analogues used in the eye tracking study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-detailed-crops-of-two-of-the-painterly-rendered-2739s2yu.png Fig. 5. Detailed crops of two of the painterly rendered portraits, showing the regions of textural variation (outlined in blue circles only for purposes of illustration, circles were not shown to participants). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-detailed-crops-of-the-same-painterly-rendered-1048qk8m.png Fig. 6. Detailed crops of the same painterly rendered portraits, showing the model’s left eye and neck region in greater detail (left image of each pair) versus model’s right eye and neck region in greater detail (right image of each pair). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7c-mean-time-milliseconds-of-first-fixation-to-one-of-264rpokf.png Fig. 7A. Mean number of fixations during the first 5 second viewing period for three different types of portraits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7b-proportion-of-total-viewing-time-5-seconds-spent-186s9079.png Fig. 7A. Mean number of fixations during the first 5 second viewing period for three different types of portraits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rembrandt-left-early-self-portrait-1629-with-more-3hvit3cj.png Fig. 3. Rembrandt: (Left) Early self-portrait, 1629, with more uniform and higher levels of textural detail versus (Right) a late self-portrait, 1661, with reduced and more selective use of textural detail. https://scispace.com/papers/remote-characterization-of-dominant-wavelengths-from-surface-18twirmucd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-1000-m-along-channel-profile-a-lidar-38ztkgeh.png Figure 2. Example 1,000‐m along‐channel profile. (a) Lidar digital terrain model of surface folds within a well‐channelized lava flow. The white line represents the location of 1,000‐m‐long profile from which the elevation data were extracted. (b) Plot of extracted elevation data showing pronounced surface folds at multiple wavelengths. (c) Detrended elevation profile from (b) used in discrete Fourier transform analyses. Note that the large‐scale rise and fall of profile (c) is due to changes in slope observed in (b). A small window size (≤300m) for the discrete Fourier transform analyses was chosen to avoid detection of such large‐scale features, unrelated to surface folding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-dominant-wavelengths-of-lava-surface-folds-vs-sio2-2imtrx0g.png Figure 5. Dominant wavelengths of lava surface folds vs SiO2 content in weight percent. Discrete Fourier transform analyses of each lava flow segment identified multiple dominant wavelengths (small circles), likely representing multiple generations of surface folding. The large circles represent average dominant wavelengths for each flow. The black line represents the average dominant wavelength trendline, showing a general increase in dominant wavelength with SiO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-representative-discrete-fourier-transform-dft-3lrt9z4c.png Figure 4. Representative discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spectral density arrays for each lava flow analyzed in this study. Low spectral density signals have rapid fluctuations at high frequencies (above 0.2m‐1) but smooth out to form broad peaks at intermediate and low frequencies. The power spectral density arrays vary between lava flows and, to a lesser extent, from one lava profile to the next from the same lava flow (not shown in figure). The power spectra of Kokostick Butte lies below the spectra of all other flows at intermediate and high frequencies, likely due to blanketing of Mazama ash filling in troughs and depressions and reducing the periodicities detected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-discrete-fourier-transform-dominant-wavelengths-6aj35rzu.png Figure 7. (a) Discrete Fourier transform dominant wavelengths vs calculated effective viscosities showing a generally increasing trend, with only a couple of exceptions (see section 4.1). Big Obsidian flow, in particular, has much lower dominant wavelengths than expected for a rhyolite flow with high viscosity. (b) The discrete Fourier transform dominant fold wavelengths vs viscosity on a log‐log plot. The shaded regions represent ranges of fold wavelengths and viscosities reported in the literature for basalt (light gray) and the Chao dacite, Chile (dark gray). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-dominant-wavelengths-determined-in-this-study-2uypjs05.png Figure 6. Dominant wavelengths determined in this study, plotted on a log plot with others from the literature (references listed in legend) vs SiO2 content. Inset shows the same data in a nonlog plot. There is significant overlap of dominant wavelengths for lavas ranging from basalt to rhyolite, particularly for basaltic andesite and andesite lavas. However, note the much lower dominant wavelengths of basalt from Kilauea and the extremely high fold wavelengths of the Chao dacite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-example-1-d-array-of-spectral-density-derived-5chgstz2.png Figure 3. (a) Example 1‐D array of spectral density derived from our discrete Fourier transform (DFT) power spectral density analyses using the lava profile from Figure 2. Note the strong deviations (bumps) from the power law trendline (solid black line), which represent dominant wavelengths of surface folds that exceed the 95% confidence (dotted red line). The shaded region represents data that exceeds the DFT analysis window size, not included in our discussion. (b) Normalized power spectral density, allowing easier viewing of dominant wavelengths that exceed the 95% confidence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-locations-of-the-lava-flows-analyzed-in-this-study-3o3t4kbt.png Figure 1. Locations of the lava flows analyzed in this study are depicted in orange. Lava flows are all located in the central Oregon High Cascades (star on insert) either on the south flank of the southernmost peak of the Three Sisters volcanic complex, in Newberry volcano, along the Northwest Rift Zone on the north flank of Newberry, or south of the Wickiup Reservoir). Coordinate system is NAD 1983 UTM zone 10N. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compositional-data-age-dominant-wavelengths-fislvwx3.png Table 1 Compositional Data, Age, Dominant Wavelengths, Crystallinities, and Calculated Viscosities for Lava Flows in This Study https://scispace.com/papers/removal-of-metals-and-metalloids-from-acidic-mining-lake-aml-36cjrgetld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-properties-of-amw-3h7oh9fp.png Table 2 Chemical properties of AMW https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-chemical-properties-of-the-osw-ilay-et-al-2013-46gvkcrr.png Table 3 Chemical properties of the OSW (İlay et al. 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-acidic-mine-lake-in-biga-peninsula-248sijb4.png Fig. 1 Acidic mine lake in Biga Peninsula https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-of-metal-metalloids-1jnydype.png Table 4 Descriptive statistics of metal/metalloids concentrations (mg L−1) in AMW:OSW mixtures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-of-ph-as-a-function-of-time-during-the-154fr6so.png Fig. 3 Changes of pH as a function of time during the experiments (OSW:AMW mixture of 1  g/5  ml and 1  g/10  ml) with starting pH of 2.41. *10  min. after mixing, **19.5  h after mixing of OSW and AMW, interval among other pH readings were 1 h (last pH reading (pH6) was done 24.5 h after first reading) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-metal-metalloids-adsorption-capacities-for-some-low-2rcnqwx9.png Table 1 Metal/metalloids adsorption capacities for some low-cost adsorbents https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistical-data-of-multiple-comparisons-between-16i488y0.png Table 5 Statistical data of multiple comparisons between groups https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-heavy-metals-and-metalloids-adsorption-capacities-mg-2e1pc5ze.png Table 6 Heavy metals and metalloids adsorption capacities (mg g−1) of OSW OSW:AMW ratio (w/v) Al As Cd Fe B Ti https://scispace.com/papers/renewable-energy-policy-economic-growth-and-employment-in-eu-4lisq5xyac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-description-of-the-variables-35nsgs0b.png Table 2. The description of the variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cross-section-dependence-test-cd-for-each-of-the-1uy6k5j5.png Table 4: Cross-section dependence test (CD) for each of the series for each of three levels of data aggregation (total economy, manufacturing and machinery) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-regression-results-for-four-different-estimators-for-24kwn8gn.png Table 5: Regression results for four different estimators for long-run models https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-causality-test-in-panel-ecm-model-with-heterogeneous-8kjjr96n.png Table 6: Causality test in panel ECM model with heterogeneous parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-descriptive-statistics-yzojmw6w.png Table 3. The descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-summary-of-the-selected-studies-on-renewable-3hqvo8ei.png Table 1. The summary of the selected studies on renewable energy-economic growth nexus https://scispace.com/papers/rent-sharing-with-footloose-production-foreign-ownership-and-2bv31z1two 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plant-level-descriptives-1zy7kqy4.png Table 2: Plant level descriptives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-within-industry-distribution-of-plant-level-union-3e97575l.png Figure 1: Within-industry distribution of plant-level union shares https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-in-plant-level-union-shares-195ajfpz.png Figure 2: Variation in plant level union shares https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wage-regression-log-wagecost-per-employee-as-3tllex1t.png Table 5: Wage regression, log wagecost per employee as dependent variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wage-regression-with-domestic-ownership-changes-log-175ly48b.png Table 6: Wage regression with domestic ownership changes, log wagecost per employee as dependent variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-individual-descriptives-18pvlgpd.png Table 3: Individual descriptives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-change-in-plant-level-unionization-before-and-after-1g2e257l.png Figure 4: Change in plant level unionization before and after foreign ownership change https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plants-and-workers-involved-in-ownership-change-by-1dgba3do.png Table 1: Plants and workers involved in ownership change by year https://scispace.com/papers/repayment-incentives-and-the-distribution-of-gains-from-5bnwjw7p0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-group-loans-mhej0r9z.png Figure 1: Maximum Group Loans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-loan-size-and-contractual-choice-m0wen8v3.png Figure 2: Loan size and contractual choice https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-group-size-effects-p-5-l-25-k-g-1-r-1-2-30r6uegh.png Figure 3: Group size effects (π = .5, L = .25, K + γ = 1, r = 1.2) https://scispace.com/papers/repeat-sars-cov-2-testing-models-for-residential-college-39jflunyj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cumulative-infections-and-undetected-infections-over-1w1cnwu9.png Fig. 7 Cumulative infections and undetected infections over time in scenarios with testing every 3 days and fixed infectivity function, sensitivity function, and delays, as R0 varies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probability-that-the-time-from-infection-to-isolation-2z4yqobh.png Fig. 3 Probability that the time from infection to isolation exceeds a. Here the isolation delay in all four scenarios was taken to be 1 day https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-impact-of-isolation-for-a-person-isolated-at-a-random-1lyz9si5.png Fig. 1 Impact of isolation. For a person isolated at a random time T after infection, the blue shaded area shows the expected number of further infections whose transmissions are prevented by the isolation, and the red area shows the expected number of further infections that escape isolation and are still transmitted https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-test-sensitivity-functions-1qda7vmw.png Fig. 2 Examples of test sensitivity functions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-web-app-available-at-https-jtwchang-shinyapps-io-35pze158.png Fig. 5 A web app available at https://jtwchang.shinyapps.io/testing/ that implements the model and facilitates exploring a variety of scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-estimated-generation-time-distributions-found-in-3tzmi6rq.png Fig. 6 Two estimated generation time distributions found in published studies. We refer to these distributions as featuring relatively early transmission [28] and late transmission [25] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transmission-curves-under-different-testing-scenarios-107ktzky.png Fig. 4 Transmission curves under different testing scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-weekly-screening-results-for-an-80-day-term-for-1vrj1649.png Table 1 Weekly screening results for an 80-day term for various scenarios described in the text https://scispace.com/papers/repetition-and-masked-form-priming-within-and-between-2afx7yjtbr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-rts-sds-and-error-percentages-for-word-and-z4yu8483.png Table 2. Mean RTs, SDs and error percentages for word and nonword targets in related and unrelated prime conditions for Experiment 1 (L1 to L1 priming). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mean-rts-for-word-and-nonword-targets-in-the-related-1rqav9q1.png Table 6. Mean RTs for word and nonword targets in the related and unrelated word and nonword prime conditions across presentation blocks in Experiment 2 (L2 to L1 priming). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-rts-sds-and-error-percentages-for-word-and-a17xgzju.png Table 5. Mean RTs, SDs and error percentages for word and nonword targets in related and unrelated prime conditions in Experiment 2 (L2 to L1 priming). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-rts-for-word-and-nonword-targets-in-related-and-qnpl34m1.png Table 3. Mean RTs for word and nonword targets in related and unrelated word and nonword prime conditions across presentation blocks for Experiment 1 (L1 to L1 priming). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-examples-of-prime-target-pairs-for-word-and-nonword-2wpu234w.png Table 4. Examples of prime–target pairs for word and nonword targets in Experiment 2 (L2 to L1 priming). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experiment-1-mean-rts-for-l1-word-and-nonword-t8qqn0tt.png Figure 1. Experiment 1: mean RTs for L1 word and nonword targets in the related and unrelated L1 word and nonword prime conditions across blocks (graphical representation of empirical data in Table 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experiment-2-mean-rts-for-l1-word-and-nonword-2aeavm4h.png Figure 2. Experiment 2: mean RTs for L1 word and nonword targets in the related and unrelated L2 word and nonword prime conditions across blocks (graphical representation of empirical data in Table 6). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-prime-target-pairs-for-word-and-nonword-1o5fli9y.png Table 1. Examples of prime–target pairs for word and nonword targets in Experiment 1 (L1 to L1 priming). https://scispace.com/papers/replacement-of-dietary-fish-oil-with-increasing-levels-of-tafmh62k2z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-correlation-coefficients-and-slopes-from-plots-of-wptfg0dl.png TABLE 3. 1 Correlation coefficients and slopes from plots of dietary fatty acid concentrations vs. 2 flesh fatty acid concentrations including the difference (Δ) between diet and flesh 3 fatty acid values for salmon fed 100% FO, 50% LO and 100% LO diets. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-total-lipid-fatty-acid-compositions-g-100g-total-2viawphn.png TABLE 2. 1 Total lipid fatty acid compositions (g/100g total fatty acids) of flesh from Atlantic 2 salmon fed the linseed oil experimental diets for 40 weeks. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-fatty-acid-compositions-g-100g-total-fatty-acids-1skytvsd.png TABLE 1. 1 Fatty acid compositions (g/100g total fatty acids) and astaxanthin concentrations 2 (mg/kg) in experimental diets. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-total-lipid-fatty-acid-compositions-g-100g-total-118g57yo.png TABLE 4. 1 Total lipid fatty acid compositions (g/100g total fatty acids) of flesh from Atlantic 2 salmon fed the linseed oil experimental diets for 40 weeks, followed by re-feeding a 3 100% FO diet for 24 weeks. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/reply-to-the-comment-band-filling-and-interband-scattering-1sn61xwph3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-from-our-letter-2-1mx36y9e.png Fig. 2 from our Letter [2]. https://scispace.com/papers/reply-to-the-comment-on-on-the-sn2-reactions-modified-in-5dkrfp5rdl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-top-and-calculated-bottom-ir-spectra-by256916.png Figure 1. Experimental (top) and calculated (bottom) IR spectra of the reactant (left) and both products (middle and right) of the reaction reported in references 5 and 2. Computational details can be found in reference 2. https://scispace.com/papers/representation-theory-for-high-rate-multiple-antenna-code-a03llo8v8g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-block-error-rate-performance-form-2-3-4-transmitter-u6jo1epf.png Fig. 9. Block error rate performance forM = 2; 3; 4 transmitter antennas and rateR = 4. The constellations are described in Table IV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-block-error-rate-performance-of-the-groupg-which-has-1whvrkm6.png Fig. 5. Block error rate performance of the groupG , which has an irreducible representation ofL = 63 matrices forM = 3 antennas(R 1:99), and best diagonal (Abelian group) constellation with the same rate, described in Table I, forN = 1 receiver antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-block-error-rate-performance-of-the-groupg-as-in-fig-5-jdca72t2.png Fig. 6. Block error rate performance of the groupG (as in Fig. 5) transmitted over three-antenna wireless apparatus in a Bell Laboratories hallway. The carrier frequency was 880 MHz, the transmitted signals were raised cosine, the symbol rate was 10 ksymbols/s occupying approximately 20-kHz bandwidth and several milliwatts of total transmitted power that was increased or decreased to vary the SNR. A/D and D/A samplers operating at 200 ksamples/s with 12bits of precision were used to modulate/demodulate and decode the signals with a computer; more details of the antenna testbed may be found in [23]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-same-as-in-fig-1-except-the-receiver-is-assumed-to-297cc8ri.png Fig. 2. Same as in Fig. 1, except the receiver is assumed to know the channel perfectly and demodulate coherently. The performance gain is approximately 3 dB over the unknown channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-block-error-rate-performance-of-the-groupk-compared-2mdq68ct.png Fig. 7. Block-error rate performance of the groupK compared with the best diagonal code forM = 4 transmitter antennas andN = 1 receiver antenna. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-some-groupconstellations-and-their-1gh5p87d.png TABLE III SUMMARY OF SOME GROUPCONSTELLATIONS AND THEIR DIVERSITY PRODUCTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-same-as-in-fig-1-except-withn-2-receiver-antennas-the-1psngjwd.png Fig. 3. Same as in Fig. 1, except withN = 2 receiver antennas. The coding advantage of the group SL( ) becomes more pronounced as the number of receiver antennas increases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-error-rate-performance-of-the-group-sl-compared-30q2ukla.png Fig. 1. Block error rate performance of the group SL( ) compared with constellations from previous constructions forM = 2 transmitter antennas and https://scispace.com/papers/repurposing-the-antidepressant-sertraline-as-shmt-inhibitor-56jr285qgm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-docking-of-sertraline-to-shmt1-and-jticxb7x.png Table 1. Computational docking of sertraline to SHMT1 and SHMT2. Docking scores for sertraline into the active pocket of SHMT1 and SHMT2. The already identified dual SHMT inhibitor, based on a pyrazolopyran scaffold, was used as reference structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-overview-of-study-design-in-terms-of-13rhfo8b.png Figure 1. Schematic overview of study design. In terms of serine/glycine metabolism, breast cancer (BRCA) can largely be divided into serine/glycine uptake or synthesis addicted. Using a lower eukaryotic yeast model system that upregulates serine/glycine synthesis, we selected https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sertraline-and-thimerosal-target-serine-glycine-js1tsfhg.png Figure 3. Sertraline and thimerosal target serine/glycine synthesis in cancer cells. (A) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sertraline-has-clinical-potential-especially-in-71i51zqs.png Figure 5. Sertraline has clinical potential, especially in combination with mitochondrial inhibitors. (A) Proliferation during 96 h, as determined by real-time monitoring of cell confluence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-subset-of-re-sensitizing-agents-impairs-1629oswp.png Figure 2. A subset of “re-sensitizing agents” impairs proliferation of serine/glycine synthesis addicted breast cancer cell lines. Proliferation during 96 h, as determined by realtime monitoring of cell confluence (%), of MDA-MB-231 (upper) and MDA-MB-468 (lower) cells upon treatment with indicated concentrations of sertraline, thimerosal, benzalkonium chloride and bupropion (left to right). 1 representative result of three biological replicates, containing each at least three technical replicates, is shown (mean ± SD). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thimerosal-reduces-phgdh-activity-while-sertraline-2h5kdosq.png Figure 4. Thimerosal reduces PHGDH activity, while sertraline directly targets downstream SHMT. (A) PHGDH (= phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase) enzymatic in vitro assay, measuring PHGDH activity upon addition of indicated concentrations of sertraline (left) or thimerosal (right). Values are presented relative to the control (n = 3). (B) SHMT1 (left) and SHMT2 (right) in complex with sertraline (grey), with a magnified view of the binding pocket showing the interactions formed by sertraline. H-bonds formed by sertraline are presented as yellow dashes. The known SHMT inhibitor, with a pyrazolopyran scaffold, is shown in magenta. (C) Schematic overview of isotopic https://scispace.com/papers/reputation-in-auctions-theory-and-evidence-from-ebay-28pplc88n3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3gl9w2bl.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gls-regressions-of-effect-of-reputation-on-log-price-3rjbdqmj.png Table 2 GLS Regressions of Effect of Reputation on Log Price https://scispace.com/papers/reputation-metadata-for-recommending-personalized-e-learning-1rygd7xsod 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fuzzy-semantic-relations-utilized-2rqxk8av.png Table 1. Fuzzy semantic relations utilized. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-overall-precision-scores-per-concept-8605rj4l.png Table 3. Overall precision scores per concept https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confidence-values-per-beach-image-1gh7teys.png Table 2. Confidence values per beach image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3rd-beach-image-example-18y19umg.png Figure 4. 3rd beach image example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2nd-beach-image-example-1d810l23.png Figure 3. 2nd beach image example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1st-beach-image-example-3jyei1dp.png Figure 2. 1st beach image example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-fragment-of-the-beach-domain-ontology-concept-saqkwfxp.png Figure 1. A fragment of the beach domain ontology. Concept beach is the “root” element. https://scispace.com/papers/rescuing-dna-repair-activity-by-rewiring-the-h-atom-transfer-1mn7ebrbvc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-structures-of-a-the-wild-type-sp-lyase-pdb-code-4fhd-b-3gkqkrmc.png Fig. 3 Structures of (A) the wild-type SP lyase (PDB code 4FHD), (B) the C140A mutant (PDB code 4FHF) and (C) the double mutant active sites. Residues are depicted in the stick format and colored in purple (wild-type), cyan (C140A mutant), and salmon (double mutant). SP is shown in white. Distances are indicated in Å. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-repair-activity-of-thewild-type-a-and-doublemutant-sp-39gxzna4.png Fig. 2 Repair activity of thewild-type (A) and doublemutant SP lyase (B). Timedependent production of 6-mer (diamond) and 7-mer (square). The remaining substrate (13-mer) is depicted by circles. Assays included the reconstituted protein (8 mM), SAM (3 mM), SP-containing DNA (40 mM), DTT (5 mM) and sodium dithionite (3 mM) in Tris buffer pH 8 under anaerobic conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-repair-activity-of-the-wild-type-and-mutant-proteins-y6e2cub6.png Fig. 1 Repair activity of the wild-type and mutant proteins incubated for 1 hour with a SP-containing DNA (13-mer). HPLC analysis of the reaction performed with (A) the wild-type SP lyase, (B) the C140A mutant and (C) the C140A/S76Cmutant. A new compound, named 6-mer*, is identified as a sulfinic adduct eluting at 25.3 min. X indicates an impurity. (D) MS/MS analysis of the 6-mer and (E) the 6-mer* purified from reactions performed with the wild-type enzyme or the C140A mutant, respectively (for full annotations see Fig. S6, ESI†). 40 mM of reconstituted protein were incubated with 3 mM SAM (RT at 4 min), 40 mM SP-containing DNA (RT at 30.4 min), 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 3 mM sodium dithionite in Tris buffer pH 8, under anaerobic conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/research-at-vagnari-comune-di-gravina-in-puglia-provincia-di-3bmuoq5fmj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-lead-weight-in-the-form-of-a-shell-from-the-vicus-at-20ph5ki9.png Fig. 1. Lead weight in the form of a shell from the vicus at Vagnari. (Photo: Maureen Carroll.) https://scispace.com/papers/research-and-application-of-an-inner-thrust-measurement-4rtywsgjrz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spe-1rmxdngg.png Figure 3: Spe https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sampling-diagram-of-the-cubic-spline-interpolation-1svtaidk.png Figure 6: Sampling diagram of the cubic spline interpolation (the red hollow circles are the primary data points of the main interferometer with a non-uniform optical frequency interval, the blue curve is a one-dimensional interpolation curve, and the green solid circles are the resampled points with a uniform optical frequency interval). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-one-dimensional-interpolation-method-to-x2j482dp.png Figure 7: The one-dimensional interpolation method to compensate for nonlinear single points, An = 5 × 106, fn = 25 Hz, and τ = 6 × 10−7 s. (a) distance domain signal of the main interferometer without compensation; (b) distance domain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-nufft-method-to-compensate-for-the-nonlinearity-of-3rz819k6.png Figure 21: NUFFT method to compensate for the nonlinearity of the light source under short-range measurement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-nufft-method-to-compensate-for-light-source-kot7f5g2.png Figure 22: NUFFT method to compensate for light source nonlinearity under longer-distance conditions (a) distance domain signal of the main interferometer without compensation (b) distance domain signal of the main https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-one-dimensional-interpolation-method-to-compensate-3sv0euhe.png Figure 8: One-dimensional interpolation method to compensate nonlinear double points, An = 5 × 106, fn = 25 Hz, τ1 = 4 × 10−7 s, and τ2 = 6 × 10−7 s (a) the distance domain signal of the main interferometer without compensation (b) the distance domain signal of the main interferometer after compensation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-one-dimensional-interpolation-method-1sz1tqm5.png Figure 9: The one-dimensional interpolation method compensates for the nonlinearity of the light source and the 200 position of the reflection point of the test fiber is approximately 56 m. (a) distance domain signal of the main https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-pressure-positions-and-their-values-for-the-tk-02-3ghhtr0a.png Figure 19: Pressure positions and their values for the TK-02 testing fiber. https://scispace.com/papers/research-and-implementation-of-modeling-grid-dem-based-on-3c6m0vr3el 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-grid-model-searching-pssh89ke.png Fig. 1. Grid model searching https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-various-interpolation-precision-in-1rohjshm.png Table 2. Comparison of various interpolation precision in glacier areas (unit: meter) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-various-interpolation-precision-in-1wcageya.png Table 3. Comparison of various interpolation precision in even areas (unit: meter) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-absolute-value-of-error-in-even-areas-12sd5kaq.png Fig. 4. Absolute value of error in even areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-absolute-value-of-error-in-glacier-areas-37p3p04f.png Fig. 3. Absolute value of error in glacier areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-absolute-value-of-error-in-alpine-areas-2inffwez.png Fig. 2. Absolute value of error in alpine areas https://scispace.com/papers/research-on-the-measurement-of-patent-intensive-industry-1ydsxc0zkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-technical-element-results-18z21cgo.png Table 4 Technical element results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-technical-factor-index-d0cn6qvt.png Figure 3 Technical Factor Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-core-patents-jxkfhrsq.png Table 6 Core Patents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tml-three-dimensional-model-diagram-2slwaael.png Figure 2 TML three-dimensional model diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-technology-lock-in-index-1f883i9n.png Figure 6 Technology Lock-in Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-legal-elements-2spa2f2w.png Table 6 Core Patents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-index-of-legal-elements-1f8sqkfi.png Figure 5 Index of Legal Elements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-market-factor-index-1kjdycll.png Figure 4 Market Factor Index https://scispace.com/papers/researchers-roles-in-knowledge-co-production-experience-from-16gajk80cu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-three-basic-roles-through-which-sustainability-17bs9mw9.png Table 4. Three basic roles through which sustainability researchers met the challenges of knowledge co-production (power, integration and sustainability) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-roles-in-which-challenges-were-met-by-the-2n95akq5.png Table 5. Roles in which challenges were met by the sustainability researchers in the four projects examined https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-approaches-to-interactive-knowledge-production-2ilq9geh.png Figure 1. Two approaches to interactive knowledge production: boundary organizations (B.O.) stabilize the boundary between academic and non-academic communities. With co-production of knowledge, https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-three-thought-collectives-perceptions-of-soils-and-1hj8zcl0.png Table 3. Three thought collectives’ perceptions of soils and implications of these perceptions for framing action https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysing-the-challenges-and-roles-of-sustainability-2tj5lkem.png Table 1. Analysing the challenges and roles of sustainability researchers: an iterative learning process involving the leaders of four concrete sustainability research projects and a scholarly discussion of co-production of knowledge https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-challenges-of-knowledge-co-production-to-be-3k9f2fg5.png Table 2. Challenges of knowledge co-production to be addressed by sustainability researchers https://scispace.com/papers/research-project-cost-benefits-of-integrated-planning-first-o31p4qxoqa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-box-plots-of-the-participants-satisfaction-with-the-pamqalg3.png Figure 4: Box plots of the participants’ satisfaction with the planning process and outcome https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-box-plot-of-the-participants-satisfaction-with-the-1z3f1bgr.png Figure 5: Box plot of the participants’ satisfaction with the cooperation and team functioning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relation-between-people-tools-and-buildings-hbn0csk5.png Figure 1: Relation between People, tools and Buildings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-team-of-architect-client-civil-engineer-and-2l4ifmul.png Figure 3: team of “architect”, “client, “civil engineer” and “business advisor”, performing integrated planning https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-group-of-civil-engineers-performing-sequential-2h373sd4.png Figure 2: Group of “civil engineers” performing sequential planning https://scispace.com/papers/researching-children-and-childhood-in-the-digital-age-4lvohxh18p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xaviers-network-1u21zp0f.png Figure 1: Xavier’s network https://scispace.com/papers/research-on-fabrication-of-mirror-segments-for-e-elt-4n9jdzifzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fringe-and-phase-map-of-test-segment-after-low-1kmfyqe2.png Figure 4. Fringe and phase map of test segment after low spatial frequency form correction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fringe-and-phase-map-of-test-segment-after-form-3jnoizas.png Figure 5. Fringe and phase map of test segment after form correction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fringe-and-phase-map-of-test-segment-after-texture-1bwto5jp.png Figure 6. Fringe and phase map of test segment after texture improvement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-phase-map-of-entire-surface-after-edge-1zg11f9f.png Figure 7. Phase map of entire surface after edge rectification and separate analysis of main useful area and edges (the unit is nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-full-size-segment-in-zeeko-irp-2400-machine-fx4mql3e.png Figure 1 (a) : A full-size segment in Zeeko IRP 2400 machine with optical test tower. (b) : A test segment of 1 meter in process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-segment-corner-revealing-gringding-mid-spatial-3g6y1ghm.png Figure 2 (a): Segment corner revealing gringding mid-spatial features with half of grolishing applied. (b): The grinding mid-spatial features have been totally removed after application of full grolishing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-surface-phase-maps-of-the-test-segment-after-1htl3vqu.png Figure 3: The surface phase maps of the test segment after being pre-polished, form corrected and final mid-spatial removal. https://scispace.com/papers/reserve-accumulation-and-bank-lending-evidence-from-korea-2hnhnukbu4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-parameters-for-numerical-example-22qzm411.png Table 9: Parameters for numerical example https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-macro-aggregates-over-the-sample-period-2phs99xx.png Table 3: Macro Aggregates over the Sample Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-different-threshold-for-primary-dealer-dummy-zb2zfo0n.png Table 7: Different Threshold for Primary Dealer Dummy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-37wxx1q5.png Table 2: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bank-asset-composition-2o5aje21.png Table 1: Bank Asset Composition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-monthly-reserve-accumulation-over-the-sample-period-cdj5ghvk.png Figure 3: Monthly Reserve Accumulation over the Sample Period https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-response-of-bank-lending-to-reserve-accumulation-2u5zdph3.png Table 4: Response of Bank Lending to Reserve Accumulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-differences-in-bank-lending-after-reserve-ie94awsr.png Table 5: Differences in Bank Lending after Reserve Accumulation https://scispace.com/papers/residential-emissions-predicted-as-a-major-source-of-fine-4kka89tn0m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-map-of-asia-and-china-showing-eastward-the-yangtze-11dcipkj.png Fig. 1 a Map of Asia and China showing eastward the Yangtze River Delta region and districts Jiangsu (JS), Anhui (AH), Shanghai (SH) and Zhejiang (ZJ). b Spatial distributions of PM2.5 concentration reduction amounts (µg m−3) of four emission control scenarios relative to the baseline case over the Yangtze River Delta region in four months. Scenario Cases 1 and 2 are for general and enhanced emission reductions for both industrial and power plant emissions, respectively; Cases 3 and 4 are for the general and enhanced emission reductions for industrial, power plant and transportation emissions, respectively. Distributions reveal that reduction levels are similar for the same season, and cases with enhanced emission controls exhibit further reductions, while they are very different for different seasons. The highest reductions are predicted to occur in winter (January), the lowest in summer (July), while spring (April) and autumn (October) have comparable reduction levels. Most of the reductions are predicted to occur in south Jiangsu, north Zhejiang, east Anhui and Shanghai. NJ Nanjing, SH Shanghai, HF Hefei, HZ Hangzhou, Jan January, Apr April, Jul July, Oct October https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-evaluation-of-model-performance-on-meteorology-2m5xybfe.png Table 2 Evaluation of model performance on meteorology variables, temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and six pollutants, CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10, in four cities over the Yangtze River Delta region for four months https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-emission-control-percentages-for-each-species-and-1x2zdjkt.png Table 1 Emission control percentages for each species and emission sectors for four different emission control scenarios 1, 2, 3 and 4 and six sensitivity tests 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of anthropogenic sectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predicted-monthly-and-annual-mean-reduction-and-iv6h6nn9.png Table 3 Predicted monthly and annual mean reduction (%) and amounts in parentheses (µg m−3) of PM2.5 concentrations relative to the baseline case in four cities: Hangzhou, Hefei, Nanjing and Shanghai https://scispace.com/papers/residual-crashworthiness-of-cfrp-structures-with-pre-impact-gynzf9kb8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cai-set-up-model-2i7q33yf.png Fig. 3. CAI set-up model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-results-of-ac-a-force-displacement-curve-hdcraxyf.png Fig. 8. Experimental results of AC: (a) force-displacement curve and damage propagation behavior; (b) and (c) microscopic image after axial crashing. 4.2.2. Specimens with single pre-impact https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mesh-details-in-the-finite-element-models-3pbxviw0.png Table 4 Mesh details in the finite element models. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-crushing-process-of-the-specimens-with-pre-impacts-at-3hz7sgel.png Fig. 14. Crushing process of the specimens with pre-impacts at different positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-force-displacement-curves-of-the-specimens-with-two-2w9yughv.png Fig. 13. Force-displacement curves of the specimens with two pre-impacts at different positions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-material-parameters-used-for-the-finite-element-2z1o0e8c.png Table 2 Material parameters used for the finite element analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-typical-force-displacement-curves-under-impact-with-6opkzy83.png Fig. 4. Typical force-displacement curves under impact with different levels of impact energies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-force-displacement-curves-after-being-impacted-with-2qxvaj4l.png Fig. 9. Force-displacement curves after being impacted with different energies. https://scispace.com/papers/resistive-monolithic-q-band-hemt-mixer-for-mvds-applications-4ltabqclxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-qpsk-signal-output-spectrum-for-several-vds-values-3v39v7i8.png Fig. 8: QPSK signal output spectrum for several Vds values https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-conversion-loss-vs-lo-power-cq0qnfi1.png Fig. 4: Conversion Loss vs LO Power https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-output-level-at-3-fif-across-vds-for-a-0-dbm-yh8nilgy.png Fig. 5: Relative output level at 3 fIF across Vds for a 0 dBm LO power https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-conversion-loss-vs-rf-frequency-1icnpjzp.png Fig. 3: Conversion Loss vs RF frequency https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-output-level-at-3-fif-across-vds-for-a-5-dbm-mmeer8y4.png Fig. 6: Relative output level at 3 fIF across Vds for a 5 dBm LO power https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photograph-of-the-chip-10nss5wi.png Fig. 1: Photograph of the chip https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-if-and-rf-return-loss-2fpoxsqs.png Fig. 7: IF and RF return loss https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conversion-loss-vs-gate-source-voltage-28c7dt80.png Fig. 2: Conversion Loss vs gate source voltage https://scispace.com/papers/resin-free-three-layered-ti-pmma-ti-sandwich-materials-1m8xlyywco 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-st-r-ess-st-r-a-in-c-u-r-v-es-o-f-ti-b-l-a-c-k-c-u-uvb3ns91.png Figure 8: St r ess-st r a in c u r v es o f Ti (b l a c k c u r v es, u pper th r ee o n es), PMMA (bl u e c u r v e, l o wer o n e) a s wel l a s Ti/PMMA/Ti (r ed c u r v es, med ium t h r ee o n es) sa mpl es o bt a in ed per f o r min g t en sil e t est s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co-n-t-o-u-r-c-h-a-r-t-s-sh-o-w-in-g-t-h-e-mu-t-u-a-1d36c08e.png Figure 4: Co n t o u r c h a r t s sh o w in g t h e mu t u a l e f f ec t o f t h e ho t -pr essin g t ime a n d https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-spr-in-g-ba-c-k-r-a-t-io-o-f-t-h-e-ti-pmma-ti-sa-n-3mbp6mi3.png Figure 12: Spr in g ba c k r a t io o f t h e Ti/PMMA/Ti sa n d w ic h es in c o r r e l a t io n w it h t h e sk in /c o r e t h ic k n ess a n d t h e ben d in g a n g l es (45°, 90° a n d 135°). Pu n c h d ia met er s : 3 mm (so l id l in es), 6 mm (d o t t ed l in es). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-sc-h-ema-t-iza-t-io-n-o-f-t-h-e-pu-l-l-o-f-f-t-es-z7kda984.png Figure 5: a ) sc h ema t iza t io n o f t h e pu l l -o f f t es t set -u p. The ex t er n a l pa r t o f t h e sa n d w ic h https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a6-s-ized-ti-pmma-ti-sa-n-d-w-ic-h-a-a-n-d-a-n-o-pt-if2u4rje.png Figure 7: A6-s ized Ti/PMMA/Ti sa n d w ic h (a ) a n d a n o pt ic a l mic r o g r a ph o f it s c r o ss-sec t io n (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ph-o-t-o-g-r-a-mmet-r-ic-ima-g-es-o-f-t-h-e-ben-t-1v04ijqx.png Figure 11: Ph o t o g r a mmet r ic ima g es o f t h e ben t sa mpl es a t 90°. *: in d ic a t in g t h e Ti sk in sh eet https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-av-er-a-g-e-ma-x-imu-m-ma-jo-r-s-t-r-a-in-s-o-f-t-2w20lknq.png Figure 10: Av er a g e ma x imu m ma jo r s t r a in s o f t h e ben t sa mpl es in c o r r e l a t io n w it h t h e https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ex-per-imen-t-a-l-pa-r-a-met-er-s-u-sed-f-o-r-t-h-e-2451zbtq.png Table 1: Ex per imen t a l pa r a met er s u sed f o r t h e Ti/PMMA/Ti san d w ic h pr o d u c t io n – a c c o r d in g t o t h e Do E pl a n – a n d t h e ir c o r r espo n d in g a d h esio n st r en g t h ev a l u a t ed in pu l l -o f f t est s. https://scispace.com/papers/resistive-evolution-of-a-force-free-plasma-to-equilibrium-hsi8w0rby4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-3hx91mfx.png Figure 5.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-25-ii-2wejk282.png Figure 5.25 (ii) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-lt2sxut3.png Figure 5.4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-vtg2vjc8.png Figure 2.3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-21-1c65nmrr.png Figure 5.21 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-30xzyst0.png Figure 2.1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-26-ii-2byfbj1v.png Figure 5.26 (ii) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-9rda2758.png Figure 5.2 https://scispace.com/papers/resolution-enhancement-of-wide-field-interferometric-2k4dkwc31n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cda-architecture-for-resolution-enhancement-of-a-raw-a2o0s23i.png Fig. 2. CDA architecture for resolution enhancement of a raw image patch containing a single L-shaped nanostructure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fwhm-values-of-the-output-images-of-a-700-nm-wide-l-281fx2qu.png Table 2. FWHM Values of the Output Images of a 700 nm Wide L-Shaped Nanostructure for Several Methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sem-image-of-600-nm-width-l-shaped-nanostructures-1o1ukt88.png Fig. 8. SEM image of 600 nm width L-shaped nanostructures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contrast-improvement-of-the-proposed-and-reference-1hmls2rp.png Table 3. Contrast Improvement of the Proposed and Reference Methods on 11,000 Test Images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sem-image-of-200-nm-width-l-shaped-nanostructures-3d4mojyr.png Fig. 6. SEM image of 200 nm width L-shaped nanostructures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sem-image-of-300-nm-width-l-shaped-nanostructures-3sfarlq1.png Fig. 7. SEM image of 300 nm width L-shaped nanostructures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematics-of-the-wide-field-interferometric-2zqw4hx1.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematics of the wide-field interferometric microscope. (b) Image containing 500 nm wide L-shaped SiO2 nanostructures. (c) Raw image patch containing a single L-shaped nanostructure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sem-image-of-800-nm-width-l-shaped-nanostructures-w3n6excr.png Fig. 9. SEM image of 800 nm width L-shaped nanostructures. https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-the-controversy-over-tin-and-gallium-melting-in-a-311fys9f4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tin-and-gallium-parameters-for-melting-problem-14reajqi.png Table 1. Tin and gallium parameters for melting problem https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-roll-structure-as-a-function-of-time-for-three-1gft0x8i.png Figure 5. Roll structure as a function of time for three discretization schemes and five grid sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-time-evolution-of-the-total-fraction-of-liquid-in-3gwsb9w3.png Figure 8. Time evolution of the total fraction of liquid in the cavity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-streamlines-and-interface-at-time-2000-s-for-three-3k279hmq.png Figure 4. Streamlines and interface at time 2,000 s for three grids and three discretization schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-nusselt-number-at-the-hot-wall-as-a-1wir5l3r.png Figure 7. Average Nusselt number at the hot wall as a function of time for three schemes and three grids. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-streamlines-and-interface-at-times-200-s-and-450-s-3t1t3nn0.png Figure 2. Streamlines and interface at times 200 s and 450 s for three grids and three discretization schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-gallium-melting-streamlines-and-interface-at-10jswzcl.png Figure 11. Gallium melting: streamlines and interface at several times during the melting process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-gallium-melting-streamlines-and-interface-at-time-3jdg6bkc.png Figure 10. Gallium melting: streamlines and interface at time 32 s for four grids. https://scispace.com/papers/resolved-spectral-variations-of-the-centimetre-wavelength-3e5aztr830 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-atca-wise-correlation-statistics-34i9lyvi.png Table 5. ATCA – WISE correlation statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sed-of-the-r-oph-w-filament-measured-between-5-5-2mbmm544.png Figure 4. SED of the ρ Oph W filament measured between 5.5 and 39 GHz within the two apertures shown in Fig. 3. The red and blue lines correspond to the best-fitting spinning dust models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spdust2-fit-parameters-parameters-without-11t9c2vn.png Table 4. SPDUST2 fit parameters. Parameters without uncertainty were fixed to the ones reported in Habart et al. (2003). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-atca-irac-8mm-correlation-statistics-4g87sqx9.png Table 2. ATCA - IRAC 8μm correlation statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-r-oph-w-filament-shifts-towards-the-exciting-2q9fqigs.png Figure 3. The ρ Oph W filament shifts towards the exciting star with increasing frequency, as illustrated in these colour-coded versions of the restored maps shown in Fig. 1, after subtraction of the SR 4 point source at 39 GHz, and degraded to a common angular resolution. (a): This RGB image is linearly scaled to cover the whole range of intensities at each frequency: 17 GHz in red and 33 GHz in green and 39 GHz in blue. The contours are taken at 85% peak level at 17 GHz and 80% peak level at 39 GHz, and are drawn with matching colours. The common beam corresponds to that of the 17 GHz map, and is indicated by the yellow ellipse (see Table 1). (b) In this red-green version, with 17 GHz in red and 39 GHz in green, we illustrate the photometric apertures, or masks, used to measure the SED (Section 3.2). The contour levels are the same as in a), with 17 GHz in red and 39 GHz in green, but are modified to avoid overlap. https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-archaeological-populations-with-sr-isotope-mixing-4s48kvwusx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sr-isotope-ratio-and-concentration-data-for-modern-1gvkz5pt.png Table 2. Sr isotope ratio and concentration data for modern plants. Sr concentrations should be regarded as estimates only as they are dependent on water content. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-human-enamel-and-dentine-data-from-neolithic-and-2deaabv3.png Figure 4. Human enamel and dentine data from Neolithic and Bronze Age barrows on the Yorkshire Wolds. Diagenetic vectors are shown between the lower concentration enamel and the higher concentration dentine value of three enamel-dentine pairs from three different barrows. They appear to converge on 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 0.7082 rather than the Chalk value of 0.7075 . 2 errors are within symbol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-human-and-herbivore-enamel-data-from-the-outer-12sw104a.png Figure 3. Human and herbivore enamel data from the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. The lower horizontal line denotes the seawater (~0.7092) end-member. For the silicate mixing line r 2 = 0.9851. The oval approximately replicates the field of Neolithic data from Figure X. All individuals were excavated from Outer Hebridean islands apart from the two Inner Hebrideans () from Arran and Mull. 2 errors are within symbol. Data source: Table 1; Montgomery, 2002; Montgomery et al., 2003; Parker Pearson et al., 2005. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-human-enamel-and-dentine-data-from-the-outer-1yu1pv3s.png Figure 5. Human enamel and dentine data from the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Diagenetic vectors are shown between the lower concentration enamel and the higher concentration dentine value of enamel-dentine pairs and appear to converge on 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 0.7100 rather than the marine value of 0.7092. 2 errors are within symbol. Data source: Table 2; Montgomery et al., 2003. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sr-isotope-ratio-and-concentration-data-for-3nffu9h7.png Table 1. Sr isotope ratio and concentration data for archaeological teeth. Teeth are identified by the following abbreviations: incisor (I); canine (C); premolar (P); molar (M); maxillary ( 1,2,3 ); mandibular (1,2,3); left (L); right (R); lower case letters indicate deciduous dentition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-human-enamel-data-from-neolithic-and-bronze-age-z1n73p0s.png Figure 2. Human enamel data from Neolithic and Bronze Age barrows of the Yorkshire Wolds. The horizontal dotted lines indicate possible end-members: the upper line is seawater (~0.7092) and an approximation for rainwater; the lower line on which both mixing lines appear to converge is the value for English Cretaceous Chalk (Evans et al., 2006; McArthur et al., 2001; Montgomery, 2002; Montgomery et al., 2005). For the upper mixing line r 2 = 0.9789, for the lower mixing line r 2 = 0.9364. The data point labelled ?F is the only skeleton plotted identified as being of possible female sex. 2 errors are within symbol. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-geology-map-of-great-britain-and-ireland-3fn0ysdq.png Figure 1. Simplified geology map of Great Britain and Ireland showing the location of the Outer Hebrides and the Yorkshire Wolds. https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-macroeconomic-uncertainty-in-stock-and-bond-26c3eg9hz6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-s-p-500-index-options-open-interest-2ay6956m.png Table 8: S&P 500 index options open interest https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-macroeconomic-news-and-financial-markets-returns-2t0uhesk.png Table 1: Macroeconomic news and financial markets returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-resolution-of-bond-market-uncertainty-ate7n2ls.png Table 2: Resolution of bond market uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bond-market-options-volume-38vi7yi9.png Table 5: Bond market options volume https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-resolution-of-cyclical-stock-uncertainty-3atmxqvs.png Table 4: Resolution of cyclical stock uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cyclical-stocks-options-volume-1e9k9wkh.png Table 9: Cyclical stocks options volume https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-cyclical-stocks-options-open-interest-1dr8gmmu.png Table 10: Cyclical stocks options open interest https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-resolution-of-aggregate-stock-market-uncertainty-85twx1iu.png Table 3: Resolution of aggregate stock market uncertainty https://scispace.com/papers/resolving-the-spanning-puzzle-in-macro-finance-term-2wutyiuemx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-unspanned-macro-forecasts-in-mtsms-14n2v8bq.png Table 8: Unspanned macro forecasts in MTSMs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-term-premium-estimates-from-mtsms-with-ugap-and-cpi-32cwmovh.png Figure 3: Term premium estimates from MTSMs with UGAP and CPI https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-1-unspanned-macro-variation-in-mtsms-population-2wsm55x0.png Table C.1: Unspanned macro variation in MTSMs – population moments results https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-unspanned-macro-risk-in-mtsms-1zttc5u2.png Table 7: Unspanned macro risk in MTSMs https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-2-parameter-estimates-for-macro-finance-models-using-5j1ta5nj.png Table B.2: Parameter estimates for macro-finance models using data set with UGAP/CPI https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-3-unspanned-macro-forecasts-in-mtsms-population-zcgvcma9.png Table C.3: Unspanned macro forecasts in MTSMs – population moments https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-unspanned-macro-risk-in-mtsms-population-moments-2cfgw27c.png Table C.2: Unspanned macro risk in MTSMs – population moments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-slope-of-the-yield-curve-and-macroeconomic-1yz6yyrp.png Figure 1: Slope of the yield curve and macroeconomic variables https://scispace.com/papers/resource-allocation-for-femtocell-networks-with-imperfect-2k833zmsqo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-interference-model-in-the-femtocell-networks-2ouchxr5.png Fig. 1. Interference model in the femtocell networks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spectral-efficiency-2npn4a92.png Fig. 4. Spectral Efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-throughput-of-macrocell-n85aqsld.png Fig. 3. Throughput of Macrocell https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-e00gk67f.png TABLE I SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-received-interference-of-mu-28o5gxgq.png Fig. 2. Received interference of MU https://scispace.com/papers/resting-state-functional-connectivity-relates-to-2ejrcr5u27 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-cluster-of-roi-to-roi-connections-showed-a-1ukbbeva.png Table 1. A cluster of ROI-to-ROI connections showed a significant positive correlation with the performance of the recognition test of positive pictures. https://scispace.com/papers/restricted-boltzmann-machine-as-an-aggregation-technique-for-4ob64bygby 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-evaluation-results-of-cd-based-knn-matching-2mfmcwn7.png Table 1 The evaluation results of CD-based KNN matching procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-evaluation-of-the-accuracy-of-cd-rbm-as-an-entry-2cya5agg.png Table 2 The evaluation of the accuracy of CD-RBM as an entry for DNN https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-time-of-processing-single-image-for-common-used-neural-36ixr66m.png Fig. 4 Time of processing single image for common used neural network architectures (only forward step). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-number-of-parameters-for-common-used-neural-network-1vu30nw1.png Fig. 5 Number of parameters for common used neural network architectures [6]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-architecture-of-the-rbm-2aii241k.png Fig. 1 The architecture of the RBM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-contrastive-divergence-as-a-feature-transformation-35uyd2ru.png Fig. 2 Contrastive Divergence as a feature transformation technique https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-deep-neural-network-with-rbm-as-a-feature-extractor-b9c1zat8.png Fig. 3 Deep Neural Network with RBM as a feature extractor. https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-a-beam-test-of-the-combined-lead-glass-and-pwo-2wry5p5jrl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relative-total-energy-for-electrons-of-20-and-70-gev-3votmucc.png Fig. 3. Relative total energy for electrons of 20 and 70 GeV as function of Y -electron position for L=0 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-coordinate-resolution-of-the-prototype-x033lvzj.png Fig. 8. Coordinate resolution of the prototype. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependence-of-the-relative-measured-energy-on-value-of-32cvyo2h.png Fig. 4. Dependence of the relative measured energy on value of L for 20 GeV electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-monte-carlo-simulation-of-the-relative-measured-energy-8u67k6ah.png Fig. 5. Monte Carlo simulation of the relative measured energy for 20 GeV electrons for different values of L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-electromagnetic-shower-center-of-gravity-as-dependence-341r1h72.png Fig. 7. Electromagnetic shower center of gravity as dependence of electron position Y . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-measured-and-monte-carlo-simulated-energy-resolution-1vtk8np8.png Fig. 6. Measured and Monte Carlo simulated energy resolution as function of 20 GeV electron position Y for L=80 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-experimental-setup-of-cern-x5-beam-line-2hnbyory.png Fig. 1. The experimental setup of CERN X5 beam line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-arrangement-of-pwo-and-lead-glass-cells-in-a-2k00vohw.png Fig. 2. The arrangement of PWO and lead glass cells in a prototype detector. https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-the-six-and-a-half-day-electron-accelerator-28zijferm7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-target-and-he-cooling-system-arrangement-in-2k0ptv5x.png FIGURE 1 Target and He cooling system arrangement in irradiation room of Argonne linac https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-pulse-current-envelope-for-two-bct-16qw5phs.png FIGURE 14 Pulse current envelope for two BCT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-average-beam-current-during-the-fourth-irradiation-3i9h03u4.png FIGURE 15 Average beam current during the fourth irradiation over the whole 24-hour irradiation https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-gamma-counting-results-of-mo-99-product-solution-hqccn9pi.png TABLE 10 Gamma counting results of Mo-99 product solution after dissolution of Mo-100 disks from fourth production run. Dead time, 12.8%; counted at 75 cm; count time, 46940 s https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-gamma-counting-results-of-mo-99-product-solution-nkiqdrjg.png TABLE 9 Gamma counting results of Mo-99 product solution after dissolution of Mo-100 disks from third production run. Dead time, 4.6%; counted at 75 cm; count time, 54996 s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-negative-otr-image-from-the-beginning-left-and-end-landbj4l.png FIGURE 16 Negative OTR image from the beginning (left) and end (right) of the run. Beam current is the same in both cases. Though the images are faint, reduction in intensity due to CCD radiation damage is visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bpm-vacuum-flange-left-and-bpm-installed-on-the-3cd1spsm.png FIGURE 5 BPM vacuum flange (left) and BPM installed on the beam line (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-lift-cart-with-cask-21ejtz1m.png FIGURE 12 Lift cart with cask https://scispace.com/papers/results-of-monitoring-the-dramatically-variable-civ-mini-3bnuxrv3je 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-log-of-monitoring-observations-3txm51f7.png TABLE 1 Log of Monitoring Observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-best-fit-parameters-of-c-iv-mini-bals-19va0unt.png TABLE 2 Best-Fit Parameters of C iv Mini-BALs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-observed-spectra-histogram-and-best-fit-models-solid-tgl04c7m.png Fig. 3.—Observed spectra (histogram) and best-fit models (solid line) of the region around C ivmini-BAL at zabs 2:43, for eight observing epochs from 2002 March 23 to 2006May 31. Filled stars with 1 errors denote the coverage fractions of narrow (left) and broad (right) components. The stars are placed at the wavelengths of the blue members of the doublet (i.e., C iv k1548). Open stars plotted in theHETspectra are coverage fractions that are interpolated from theSubaru spectra. In the top left panel, we also present models of the narrow and broad C iv components and the Si ii k1527 components in systemB from the first observation. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-variability-of-the-c-iv-mini-bal-zabs-2-43-parameters-br2rq6bl.png Fig. 5.—Variability of the C iv mini-BAL (zabs 2:43) parameters over our monitoring period. From top to bottom, the frames show rest-frame equivalent width, column densities, Doppler parameters, coverage fractions, and shift velocities. The solid line and triangles in the top panel refer to the equivalent width of the entire mini-BAL profile (see Figs. 1 and 2), while the model parameters refer to the bluest troughs (see Fig. 3). The open and filled triangles in the top panel are measurements of the rest-frame equivalent width, directly from the Subaru and HET data, respectively. These include all C iv and Si ii k1527 components (the Si ii components make only a small contribution). In all panels, the solid line and open stars refer to the narrow model component, while the solid line and open circles refer to the broadmodel component. The horizontal axis gives the observation time, both as the observed year (top label ) and as the time in the quasar rest frame, relative to the first observation (bottom label ). Only the results from Subaru spectra are shown, except for the equivalent width panel, because the low resolution and low S/N of the HET MRS spectra prevented us from fitting models. The dotted lines in the second, third, and fourth panels show the best-fit parameters for epochs 3Y8, assuming a constant Cf (=0.36) for the broad component. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relationship-between-a-column-density-and-doppler-362vsozk.png Fig. 6.—Relationship between (a) column density and Doppler parameter, (b) column density and coverage fraction, and (c) Doppler parameter and coverage fraction, with 1 error bars for the narrow component of the C ivmini-BAL in system A. Each point is labeled with the epoch number. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-same-as-fig-6-but-for-the-broad-component-of-the-c-2xur0f8d.png Fig. 7.—Same as Fig. 6, but for the broad component of the C ivmini-BAL in system A. The error bars here are comparable to those of the narrow component shown in Fig. 6, although the line center in the broad component is highly uncertain. This is because the fit parameters plotted here are not strongly affected by the error of the line center; the column density and coverage fraction are mainly determined by the depth around the line center, and theDoppler parameter is set primarily by the line width. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normalized-spectrum-of-hs-1603-3820-after-rebinning-to-1isr197e.png Fig. 1.—Normalized spectrum of HS 1603+3820 after rebinning to 0.038 pixel 1 and combining all six spectra taken with Subaru HDS (see Table 1). C iv absorption systems and other metal lines are marked. Positions of the quasar emission lines of Ly , Si iv, and C iv are marked with downward-pointing arrows. The region blueward of the Ly emission line is not shown because the spectrumnormalization by continuumfitting is not reliable in the Ly forest. The lower line is the 1 error spectrum. The region of the C iv mini-BAL in system A (5288Y5348 8) is shaded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-normalized-spectrum-around-the-c-ivmini-bal-in-systema-17odw7u8.png Fig. 2.—Normalized spectrum around the C ivmini-BAL in systemA, for each Subaru HDS observation (see electronic version in color). The absorption profile (both the broad and narrow C iv components) has obviously changed within 1 yr in the quasar rest frame. On the other hand, the Si ii k1527 line of system B did not show significant variability. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/papers/rethinking-indigenous-place-igorot-identity-and-locality-in-18aczilsno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-northern-philippines-provinces-2zlrbo4n.png Figure 1: Map of Northern Philippines Provinces https://scispace.com/papers/rethinking-canada-s-unbalanced-mix-of-public-and-private-3kdv4e3nud 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-public-private-financing-mix-in-selected-q4x2wj5b.png Table 2: Public-Private Financing Mix in Selected International Health Systems, 2011 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regulatory-constraints-for-private-funding-of-3bqs80bt.png Table 1: Regulatory Constraints for Private Funding of Medical Services in Canadian Provinces, For Physicians Who Opt-out and Opt-in. https://scispace.com/papers/retailers-resilience-strategies-and-their-impacts-on-urban-4b3yyt62je 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interview-findings-problems-and-suggestions-2zkkxt3i.png Table 2 Interview findings: problems and suggestions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-socio-demographic-information-about-the-sample-group-20gkk8x9.png Table 3 Socio-demographic information about the sample group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-retail-groups-in-the-stud-33r96dev.png Fig. 1. Distribution of retail groups in the stud https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-different-actors-and-resilience-strategies-in-the-znrm77xx.png Table 1 Different actors and resilience strategies in the retail sector in Turkey. Source: adapted fro https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-usage-patterns-3c98b20o.png Table 4 Usage patterns. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-purpose-of-visit-and-alternative-shopping-sites-enzotiom.png Table 5 The purpose of visit and alternative shopping sites. https://scispace.com/papers/retrieving-atmospheric-profiles-data-in-the-presence-of-170n5t59yi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-retrieved-global-monthly-mean-july-2009-temperature-xa2etvth.png Figure 2. Retrieved global monthly mean (July 2009) temperature at 300 mbar (top left), surface skin temperature (top right), surface emissivity at 1140 cm-1 (bottom left), and carbon monoxide mixing ratio near 500 mbar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-observed-iasi-spectrum-and-the-pcrtm-calculated-28hx0fui.png Figure 1. Top: Observed IASI spectrum and the PCRTM calculated spectrum. Bottom panel: Difference between observed and calculated IASI spectra (blue curve) and the IASI instrument noise converted to brightness temperature unit (red curves). https://scispace.com/papers/retrieval-crawling-and-fusion-of-entity-centric-data-on-the-521jdd8jqd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-statement-distribution-across-predicates-for-types-s-1lhcib5h.png Fig. 2. Statement distribution across predicates for types s:Movie and s:Book (from [37]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-entities-statements-over-plds-and-39xtjk26.png Fig. 1. Distribution of entities/statements over PLDs and documents (from [28]). https://scispace.com/papers/retrieval-of-reflections-from-ambient-noise-recorded-in-the-4xitr8v8mj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-responses-after-array-forming-with-a-and-b-five-306mu3zt.png Figure 7. Responses after array-forming with (a and b) five elements and (c and d) 12 elements displayed in the (a and c) time and (b and d) frequency domains for a noise panel along the northeast line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-retrieved-common-source-gathers-obtained-from-188fz2g9.png Figure 12. Retrieved common-source gathers obtained from noise panels selected for being dominated by body-wave noise after automatic slowness evaluation. The master trace is at geophones (a) G1, (b) G6, (c) G12, (d) G18, and (e) G24 along the northeast line and at geophones (f) G1, (g) G6, (h) G12, (i) G18, and (j) G24 along the northwest line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-summed-frequency-spectra-of-the-fourier-transformed-2xdczl7d.png Figure 3. Summed frequency spectra of the Fourier transformed individual recorded noise panels along the (a) northeast and (b) northwest line. The traces in each noise panel were summed before Fourier transformation. (c) Frequency spectrum of the active shot gather recorded in the vicinity of the passive survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-stacked-seismic-section-obtained-from-the-passive-1xuwdi6g.png Figure 10. Stacked seismic section obtained from the passive survey along the northeast line (black line rectangle) overlaid on the stacked section from the active data. The passive results are obtained from noise panels selected after (a) visual inspection and (b) automatic slowness evaluation. White arrows are geologic markers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-recorded-ambient-noise-panels-filtered-between-11-2iir5zgf.png Figure 4. Recorded ambient-noise panels filtered between 11 and 23 Hz: (a and b) with surface waves from a passing car along the secondary road; (c and d) with surface waves from a passing train; and (e and f) without interpretable surface waves, but possibly with body-wave noise. The panels in (a, c, and e) are recorded along the northeast geophone line, and in panels (b, d, and f) are recorded along the northwest line; see the inset in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/retrospective-cohort-study-on-hearing-outcome-after-xpkjc0ymj0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-including-sex-age-side-follow-up-period-2oibomjm.png Table 1. Demographics including sex, age, side, follow-up period and radiologic classification of the dehiscence location. Symptomatology before and after surgery F, female; M, Male; L, left; R, right; mo, month; y, year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-audiometric-data-in-dbhl-ac-air-2uzrj962.png Table 2. Individual audiometric data in dBHL. AC, air conduction; BC, bone conduction; PTA, pure-tone average; pre, preoperative; post, postoperative. https://scispace.com/papers/return-on-investment-implications-for-pharmaceutical-3faswbx0z4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-omes-expenditures-1c2t19rw.png FIGURE 4 OMEs Expenditures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-new-prescriptions-3b29oac4.png FIGURE 1 New Prescriptions https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-prescriptions-and-market-shares-r8tf8b5t.png TABLE 2 Number of Prescriptions and Market Shares: Antihistamines https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prices-detailing-dtc-and-omes-antihistamines-t6gmjpbl.png TABLE 3 Prices, Detailing, DTC, and OMEs: Antihistamines https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-roi-measures-antihistamines-78kd66s5.png TABLE 7 ROI Measures: Antihistamines https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-roi-measures-antivirals-1mdyov69.png TABLE 13 ROI Measures: Antivirals https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-current-period-elasticities-antivirals-309bvfbh.png TABLE 12 Current-Period Elasticities: Antivirals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dtc-expenditures-2as4mzh2.png FIGURE 3 DTC Expenditures https://scispace.com/papers/returns-to-social-network-capital-among-traders-3o3xhotzty 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-instrumented-modes-of-transaction-total-salesvalue-3velsjqi.png Table 11. Instrumented Modes of Transaction Total salesValue added(dependent variable is in log) 680626Number of observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-controling-for-entrepreneurship-total-salesvalue-15oqvwcs.png Table 6. Controling for Entrepreneurship Total salesValue added(dependent variable is in log) 673619Number of observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-social-capital-on-value-added-and-total-23a1i0lf.png Table 2. Effect of Social Capital on Value Added and Total Sales https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-testing-modes-of-transaction-total-salesvalue-added-s1yjipej.png Table 10. Testing Modes of Transaction Total salesValue added(dependent variable is in log) 676625Number of observations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dependent-variables-and-regressors-2wmdatt2.png Table 1. Dependent Variables and Regressors https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-modes-of-transaction-3ogxmijq.png Table 8. Modes of Transaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-instrumental-variable-estimates-31vlm46t.png Table 4. Instrumental Variable Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-controlling-for-omitted-variable-bias-total-z41b79d5.png Table 5. Controlling for Omitted Variable Bias Total salesValue added(dependent variable is in log) 673619Number of observations https://scispace.com/papers/revealed-preference-with-limited-consideration-flw0rad4xl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-linear-regression-of-household-predictive-success-on-3kas3zzd.png Table 3—Linear Regression of Household Predictive Success on Observable Household Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pass-rates-power-and-predictive-success-scve02wz.png Table 2—Pass Rates, Power, and Predictive Success https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-1jyl586r.png Table 1—Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-goodness-of-fit-2qsx4025.png Figure 1. Goodness of Fit https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-differences-in-designers-and-users-perspectives-a7rrc3vdpj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-different-variants-of-showing-future-vessel-positions-jvyiwwr6.png Fig. 6. Different variants of showing future vessel positions on a map display: (a) Current version, (b) Abstracted design of the map display: Speed Vectors, (c) Gates, (d) TCPA and position prediction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pie-chart-of-the-average-attention-allocation-a-and-a-uykc4l9t.png Fig. 7. Pie chart of the average attention allocation (a) and a heat map illustrating the monitoring behavior of the simulated operator (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-is-marked-by-the-subjects-for-design-g-darkness-of-the-20aw0hun.png Fig. 9. IS marked by the subjects for design G. Darkness of the regions corresponds to the calculated expectancy coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-generic-structure-of-rules-for-simulation-of-the-2kd8o126.png Fig. 2. Generic structure of rules for simulation of the operator’s monitoring behavior in CASCaS-like pseudo code. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-amount-of-time-required-to-explain-and-to-perform-1eqymmsr.png Table 1. Amount of time required to explain and to perform each modelling task in minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-is-between-participants-excerpt-18883rty.png Table 2. Comparison of IS between participants (excerpt). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-design-modeling-perspective-of-the-hee-tool-1pdv8vob.png Fig. 3. Design Modeling Perspective of the HEE tool. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-histogram-of-the-average-reaction-time-with-a-big3voof.png Fig. 8. Histogram of the Average Reaction Time. With a probability of 80% the average reaction time of the operator to a certain event took between 0 and 19s. https://scispace.com/papers/revealing-spectral-cross-correlations-in-radiation-of-5873ehbb5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-two-dimensional-probability-for-pair-of-closest-3huj2qex.png Figure 5. Two-dimensional probability for pair of closest lines (1555,82 nm and 1556.27 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pearson-coefficient-as-function-of-spectral-j8cg1du9.png Figure 6. Pearson coefficient as function of spectral detuning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-20sgvvvk.png Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-characteristic-temporal-dynamics-at-two-channels-2beaove3.png Figure 3. Characteristic temporal dynamics at two channels https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-correlation-function-for-nearest-lines-155582-1lup1lwz.png Figure 4. Cross-correlation function for nearest lines (1555,82 nm and 1556.27 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ioodxfvg.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/papers/reverse-product-scanning-multiplication-and-squaring-on-8-2pua060r5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-inner-loop-operation-based-on-scott-et-al-s-carry-b7oo365i.png Fig. 1. Inner-loop operation based on Scott et al.’s carry-catcher method (left, taken from [19, Fig.1(ii)]), our RPS method using two carry-catcher registers (middle), and our SBS technique for computing the square of a 4-byte word (right) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-execution-time-in-clock-cycles-and-code-size-in-1ra0t9gw.png Table 2. Execution time (in clock cycles) and code size (in bytes) of different multiprecision multiplication and squaring implementations for operands ranging from 160 to 512 bits on an ATmega128 (the letters U, L, P indicate whether an implementation is unrolled, looped, or parameterized; results marked with are estimated results) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-avr-implementations-of-multi-precision-3i4h3yva.png Table 1. Comparison of AVR implementations of multi-precision multiplication and squaring with respect to code size, scalability, and whether the implementation was evaluated in the original paper for operand lengths used in ECC or RSA (the letters U, L, P indicate whether an implementation is unrolled, looped, or parameterized) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-execution-time-in-clock-cycles-of-different-2o36k8su.png Fig. 2. Execution time (in clock cycles) of different implementations of multiplication and squaring for “large” operand sizes ranging from 384 to 1024 bits https://scispace.com/papers/reversal-of-antithrombotic-treatment-in-intracranial-4rrr1fus6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-management-of-heparins-associated-icrh-1hi1d4av.png Table 3 – The management of heparins-associated ICrH. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-management-of-vka-associated-icrh-3ug6obj8.png Table 1 – The management of VKA-associated ICrH. https://scispace.com/papers/reversible-and-rewritable-surface-functionalization-and-1oec308lwv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-representation-of-a-photodynamic-1fz4637s.png Figure 1. (a) Schematic representation of a photodynamic disulfide exchange reaction (PDDE). Disulfides are converted into two sulfanyl radicals under UV irradiation, which can combine with each other to form new disulfides. The new disulfides can again be activated to become sulfenyl radicals, and thus the process is reversible. (b) Schematic representation of the reversible surface modification based on the PDDE. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-of-the-surface-functionalization-using-2j5j08qu.png Figure 3. (a) Schematic of the surface functionalization using the PDDE. First, fluorescent FITC-labeled disulfide was introduced by replacing the CED groups with the FITC-disulfide to generate a fluorescent FITC-surface. In the second step, non-fluorescent dibutyl disulfide was patterned through a photomask on the surface by replacing the FITC-labeled disulfides.The disulfide surface was covered with a 10 mg/mL FITC-disulfide DMSO solution and irradiated with UV for 2 min.(b, c, and d) Fluorescence microscope images of the CED, FITC-surface, and the DB-FITC patterned surfaces, respectively. (e)Patterns of FITClabeled disulfide with different geometries. FITC-disulfide was introduced by replacing the butyl disulfide modified surface (DB-surface). (f) FITC-CED patterns showing the possibility to pattern features as small as 10 µm using the PDDE method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kinetics-and-reversibility-of-the-pdde-on-a-26s4ehdi.png Figure 2. Kinetics and reversibility of the PDDE on a disulfide surface. (a) Schematic showing the change of surface hydrophilicity upon switching between CED and BD-surfaces using the PDDE. (b) Static WCA as a function of surface modification cycle number. The CED surface was modified with DBD under UV (1 min, 7.0 mW/cm2, 260 nm), followed by modification of the produced BD-surface with CED. The DBD-CED modification cycle was repeated 10 times, and the WCA of the surface was measured after each modification.(c) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-schematic-representation-of-the-surface-2pqpyq1h.png Figure 4. (a) Schematic representation of the surface patterning using the PDDE. (b) ToFSIMS maps corresponding to the surface patterns from (a). https://scispace.com/papers/revision-of-archaeoteleia-masner-hymenoptera-platygastroidea-pkk3xy0svw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-30-35-372477ai.png Figures 30–35 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-46-49-245z5guc.png Figures 46–49 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-42-45-rnlku27a.png Figures 42–45 https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-the-dedifferentiation-hypothesis-with-2fb8tr91qi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-parameter-estimates-of-a-intercept-variances-b-the-1ewx6fyx.png Fig. 4. Parameter estimates of (A) intercept variances, (B) the intercept correlations, (C) slope variances as a function of age group (excludes participants with impending dementia or death). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parameter-estimates-of-a-intercept-variances-b-4iy7xy2h.png Fig. 2. Parameter estimates of (A) intercept variances, (B) intercept correlations, and (C) slope variances as a function of age group. BD = Block Design; FLU = verbal fluency; RC = recall; KNO = verbal knowledge. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-multivariate-block-design-verbal-fluency-recall-and-2s7gi6p8.png Fig. 1. Multivariate (Block Design, verbal fluency, recall, and verbal knowledge) latent growth model as implemented here. Unlabeled paths are fixed to 1. Covariances are not shown for space reasons, but we attempted to estimate all intercept–intercept, slope–slope, and intercept–slope covariances. The depicted model was estimated as a multi-group model (35- to 40-, 45- to 50-, 55- to 60-, 65- to 70-, and 75- to 80-year-old groups). BD = Block Design; FLU = verbal fluency; RC = recall; KNO = verbal knowledge; S = slope; IC = intercept; Var = variance; SH = freely estimated shape parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-model-implied-means-as-a-function-of-age-group-and-15ubi4yd.png Fig. 3. Model implied means as a function of age group and time for (A) Block Design, (B) recall, (C) verbal fluency, and (D) verbal knowledge. https://scispace.com/papers/revisiting-uses-and-gratification-theory-a-study-on-visitors-2ybzco8e89 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-profile-of-respondent-2f6k2i27.png Table 1: Demographic Profile of Respondent. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-paired-sample-t-test-on-uses-and-gratification-on-4uge0ykj.png Table 2: Paired sample t-test on uses and gratification on various information available on website before and after visiting homestays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-original-uses-and-gratification-theoretical-3i9e9dwp.png Figure 1: a) Original Uses and Gratification Theoretical Framework and b) Modified Framework. https://scispace.com/papers/rheology-of-three-dimensional-packings-of-aggregates-53qyat4baj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-contacts-configurations-between-two-uc9rqp0m.png FIG. 8: (Color Online) Contacts configurations between two particles : (1) “simple” contacts named (s), (2a) “doublesimple” contacts (ds) , (2b) “double” contacts (d), (3a, 3b, 3c) “triple” contacts (t) and (4) “quadruple” (q) contacts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-boundary-conditions-for-a-isotropic-and-b-triaxial-3q1xqbue.png FIG. 2: Boundary conditions for (a) isotropic and (b) triaxial compaction. The grey levels are proportional to particle pressures in (a) and to particle velocities in (b) at εq = 0.15. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-color-online-proportion-of-sliding-contacts-as-a-lh2ueb4h.png FIG. 20: (Color online) Proportion of sliding contacts as a function of η in the residual state for different contact types. Error bars show the standard deviation in the residual state. https://scispace.com/papers/ride-comfort-enhancement-for-passenger-vehicles-using-the-33nnhjwq71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tyre-load-and-suspension-travel-values-of-the-2u725pbs.png Table 3. Tyre load and suspension travel values of the identified suspension configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frequency-response-of-a-tyre-displacement-zu-zr-b-d6h25da2.png Figure 7. Frequency response of (a) tyre displacement zu − zr, (b) suspension movement zs − zu. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-performance-values-with-respect-to-the-sprung-mass-mullawcn.png Figure 11. Performance values with respect to the sprung mass ratio ums for (a) the ride comfort Jr , (b) the tyre load Jt and (c) the suspension travel Js. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-frequency-response-of-a-weighted-sprung-mass-2lzewmt4.png Figure 6. Frequency response of (a) weighted sprung mass acceleration, (b) dynamic stiffness with configurations S1-S5 and the default suspension device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-frequency-response-of-a-tyre-displacement-zu-zr-b-39e3ag5y.png Figure 10. Frequency response of (a) tyre displacement zu − zr , (b) suspension movement zs − zu. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-frequency-response-of-a-weighted-sprung-mass-yxxelx6d.png Figure 9. Frequency response of (a) weighted sprung mass acceleration, (b) dynamic stiffness with configurations S2k- S6k and the default suspension strut. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-average-and-maximum-value-of-the-sprung-mass-fr6us4j1.png Table 6. Average and maximum value of the sprung mass acceleration ams , the tyre displacement zu − zr and suspension movement zs − zu, subjected to a random road input (8). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-optimisation-results-with-the-previously-proposed-2df4jrpk.png Table 5. Optimisation results with the previously proposed suspension layouts [7,8] https://scispace.com/papers/rheumatoid-arthritis-and-periodontitis-a-possible-link-via-4a4lz4leiq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-possible-interactions-of-periodontal-infection-with-p-371y11lx.png Fig. 1. Possible interactions of periodontal infection with P. gingivalis in etiology and pathogenesis of ACPA-positive RA. RA and periodontal infection share genetic traits, lifestyle risk factors as smoking and geneeenvironmental interactions (for details see text). Infection with P. gingivalis can cause bacteremia and generates a systemic inflammatory response, thereby contributing to the total inflammatory burden. In addition, P. gingivalis is able to citrullinate proteins. Given the fact that citrullination is an inflammation-associated process, P. gingivalis contributes in two ways to the total antigenic load of citrullinated proteins. Smoking contributes to citrullination as well. A susceptible host forms antibodies against the citrullinated proteins (ACPA), which are highly specific for RA. Immune-complex formation sustains synovial inflammation, representative for the laboratory parameters and clinical symptoms of RA. https://scispace.com/papers/riding-the-o-train-comparing-the-effects-of-ostracism-and-3wj9lngzye 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-train-ride-seating-configuration-14kphzzd.png Figure 1. Train ride seating configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/ride-through-capability-predictions-for-wind-power-plants-in-1890dd2pm4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-list-of-affected-productions-of-wind-farms-1hn52rpr.png Table II. List of Affected Productions of Wind Farms https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fault-locations-around-the-clusters-of-wind-farms-38a33g8q.png Fig. 3. Fault locations around the clusters of wind farms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-single-line-diagram-of-buses-surrounding-a-wind-farm-b6zkyldc.png Fig. 4. Single-line diagram of buses surrounding a wind farm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-loss-of-generation-zbus-prediction-method-1lj69uqq.png Table III. Loss of Generation Zbus Prediction Method https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ercots-power-system-network-with-the-square-box-2xubc27z.png Fig. 1. ERCOT’s power-system network, with the square box highlighting the area of wind farms in the network. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-wind-farms-and-types-of-turbines-1en5seub.png Table I. List of Wind Farms and Types of Turbines https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-zbus-method-and-dynamic-model-prediction-z9rbfjea.png Table V. Zbus Method and Dynamic Model Prediction https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-loss-of-generation-based-on-dynamic-model-vwz3j1ns.png Table IV. Loss of Generation, Based on Dynamic Model https://scispace.com/papers/rising-inequality-and-neighbourhood-mixing-in-us-metro-areas-21posmej64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3hxcob4o.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-krls-models-of-average-income-mixing-education-1wfdqmdb.png Table 2. KRLS models of average income mixing, education mixing, and occupation mixing in 381 SMSAs Average income mixing Average education mixing Average occupation mixing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-and-bottom-10-metro-areas-by-neighborhood-mixing-2g07oble.png TABLE 1: TOP AND BOTTOM 10 METRO AREAS BY NEIGHBORHOOD MIXING https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3n33jkk8.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1bazqtlx.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-nonlinear-effects-in-krls-regression-2rppq3hv.png TABLE 3: SUMMARY OF NONLINEAR EFFECTS IN KRLS REGRESSION https://scispace.com/papers/rifting-along-the-northern-gondwana-margin-and-the-evolution-5aprkj06cq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-concordia-plot-of-the-obtained-results-for-el-castillo-96ycjm33.png Fig. 3. Concordia plot of the obtained results for El Castillo volcanic rocks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-paleogeographic-schematic-reconstructions-of-the-rheic-373zog2n.png Fig. 4. Paleogeographic schematic reconstructions of the Rheic Ocean and its surrounding continental masses. Reconstruction at ca. 430 Ma., taken from Murphy et al. (2006). At ca. 410 Ma it is noticeable the diminishing width of the Rheic Ocean, the Gondwana passive margin is not coupled to the subduction margin in the northern flank of the ocean as there is a mid ocean spreading ridge in between. By ca. 395 Ma most of the Rheic mid oceanspreading ridge has been subducted and the Gondwana passive margin stretches as the result of the coupling of both margins. Paleogeographic results of the extension in the Gondwana margin are only represented as illustrative of the process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-geological-sketch-of-the-iberian-massif-with-the-r4y45i0b.png Fig. 1. (A) Geological sketch of the Iberian Massif with the different paleogeographic zones used in the text. From Julivert et al. (1972), Farias et al. (1987) and Pérez- Estaún et al. (2004). It also indicates the location of the Valongo–Tamames syncline and the location of the area where the sample was collected. (B) Geological map of the eastern end of the Valongo–Tamames syncline (Díez Balda, 1986; Martín Herrero et al., 1990), with the location of the studied sample and the inferred position of the paraconformity between the lower Silurian sediments and the Middle Devonian metavolcanics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pictures-of-the-retrieved-zircons-from-the-sample-a-3l4n6skk.png Fig. 2. Pictures of the retrieved zircons from the sample (A) and the analyzed portions after abrasion (B). See text for explanation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-zircon-u-pb-isotopic-data-for-the-el-castillo-tuff-3dimvnt3.png Table 1 Zircon U–Pb isotopic data for the El Castillo tuff https://scispace.com/papers/ringing-loads-on-tension-leg-platform-wind-turbines-56vc95y5au 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conditions-for-each-tlpwt-2am6ywvw.png Table 2: Conditions for each TLPWT https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hs-given-tp-and-uw-50-year-contours-for-the-northern-290royqy.png Table 1: Hs given Tp and Uw, 50 year contours for the Northern North Sea https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-50-year-contours-of-hs-and-tp-for-different-wind-9ldgb6ts.png Figure 5: 50-year contours of Hs and Tp for different wind speeds, based on Johannessen et al. (2001). Markers indicate values in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-baseline-designs-1-hour-expected-maximum-tension-in-1u25fyyx.png Figure 7: Baseline designs: 1-hour expected maximum tension in the downwind tendon (divided by pretension, top) and fore-aft tower base bending moment (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-1-hour-expected-maximum-t1-and-mfa-as-a-1wovqaqy.png Figure 13: The 1-hour expected maximum T1 and MFA as a function of the viscous damping coefficient, CD. Results are shown for Hs = 8.71 m, Tp = 10 s, Uw = 24 m/s, with the turbine operational, second order forces included, and ringing forces included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ringing-loads-according-to-eqs-8-10-for-variable-12ji1gdv.png Figure 1: Ringing loads according to Eqs. 8-10 for variable bandwidth dω. ωp = 0.63 rad/s, and Hs = 8.71 m. The direct implementation of Newman’s formula (Eq. 4) is shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-double-frequency-forces-according-to-second-order-18qs4olq.png Figure 4: Double-frequency forces according to second-order diffraction (QTF) and second order FNV for TLPWT 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-control-system-constants-parameters-as-in-jonkman-et-1v8yrlud.png Table 6: Control system constants parameters (as in Jonkman et al. (2009); Jonkman (2010)) https://scispace.com/papers/risk-characterization-of-safety-research-areas-for-integral-k4jpg4ucuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-overview-of-ifr-risk-posture-vs-earlier-3recjqjl.png Table 2. Comparative Overview of IFR Risk Posture vs Earlier Concepts https://scispace.com/papers/risk-and-economic-analysis-of-utilizing-dynamic-thermal-2cze5p00lb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-npv-of-the-additional-cost-of-no-load-losses-for-19-4-1smgey4o.png Fig. 8: NPV of the additional cost of no load losses for 19.4 MVA transformer compared to the 16 MVA transformer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-load-frequency-distribution-for-the-transformers-4-2zemh40n.png Fig. 10: Load frequency distribution for the transformers [4] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-npv-of-the-cost-of-risk-for-the-16-mva-transformer-1w5qx1zw.png Fig. 11: NPV of the cost of risk for the 16 MVA transformer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-npv-of-on-load-losses-for-19-4-and-16-mva-transformers-dcjsr3mg.png Fig. 7: NPV of on-load losses for 19.4 and 16 MVA transformers assuming stagnant electricity price https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-necessary-difference-in-capital-cost-for-the-16-hd16609v.png TABLE III: Necessary difference in capital cost for the 16 MVA transformer to have the same return of investment https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-loss-of-insulation-life-analysis-2u9p0qtt.png TABLE II: Loss of insulation-life analysis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-npv-of-the-additional-cost-of-on-load-losses-for-16-ir7pa9fc.png Fig. 9: NPV of the additional cost of on load losses for 16 MVA transformer compared to the 19.4 MVA transformer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-risk-of-accelerated-loss-of-life-during-5min-for-3cury70m.png Fig. 4: Risk of accelerated loss of life during 5min for different operation years (Year 0 bottom curve, year 40 top curve) https://scispace.com/papers/risk-aware-overbooking-for-commercial-grids-2oxtyrnh14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-ctc-with-low-load-sum-of-successful-jobs-2b80xquf.png Fig. 20: CTC with low load: Sum of successful jobs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-pdf-derived-from-all-jobs-of-2007-in-the-examined-1i4crrr6.png Fig. 2: The PDF derived from all jobs of 2007 in the examined cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-exemplary-job-schedule-3bkuw7sw.png Fig. 1: Exemplary job schedule. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-job-creation-model-26ok7c7g.png Table 2: Job Creation Model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-kth-sum-of-successful-jobs-1ekl8yv1.png Fig. 8: KTH: Sum of successful jobs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-kth-sum-of-profit-35j3pt7v.png Fig. 9: KTH: Sum of profit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-ctc-shown-is-the-profit-and-penalties-of-successful-3gehr0y1.png Fig. 19: CTC: Shown is the profit and penalties of successful and failed jobs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-ctc-shown-is-the-number-of-successful-and-failed-jobs-1i0v3rbe.png Fig. 18: CTC: Shown is the number of successful and failed jobs. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-adjustment-for-high-utilizers-of-public-mental-health-4o9x38g8kx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predictive-ability-of-modified-two-part-risk-17p2njl7.png Table 3. Predictive ability of modified two-part risk adjustment models https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-for-health-care-2qqde7na.png Table 2. Correlation coefficients for health care expenditures, by type of expenditure and year https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-los-angeles-county-data-3jrn2j23.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for Los Angeles County data https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-modified-two-part-model-estimates-for-fy-1993-1y2hdca8.png Table 4. Modified two-part model estimates for FY 1993 (specification: cost2) https://scispace.com/papers/risk-and-resilience-20kb3chx3m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-the-division-of-responsibility-across-multiple-27pyyji1.png Figure 5.3: The division of responsibility across multiple sectors and scales between different German government agencies and instruments of support Synergies of the technical, personnel and financial contribution by GIZ (formely GTZ and DED) and KfW https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-both-the-resilience-agenda-integrating-actors-and-39vmnlfl.png Figure 3.3: Both the resilience agenda (integrating actors and programming) and the technical approach (enhancing resiliencebuilding capacities) are necessary to implement and upscale harmonised risk management at the local level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-a-virtuous-cycle-of-resilience-building-where-g8ccd8gx.png Figure 2.3: A ‘virtuous’ cycle of resilience-building, where external donor enhancement of existing resilience-building capacities, and the use of these capacities by the system, results in a more resilient system comprising key characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-an-analytical-framework-demonstrating-the-12wce8wb.png Figure 2.2: An analytical framework demonstrating the relationship between absorptive, adaptive and transformative resilience-building capacities and their impact on the system to which they are applied to. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-underlying-challenges-to-development-cooperation-1l3yv1oh.png Figure 4.1: Underlying challenges to development cooperation and humanitarian linked to structural issues, represented as a chain of cause and effect, moving from left to right. Issues common to Niger and the Philippines are marked with black text, those more specific for the Philippines in blue text, and those more specific for Niger in purple text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-the-philippines-legislative-planning-and-10n7zl7c.png Figure 5.1: The Philippines legislative, planning and implementation framework for risk https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-a-simplified-overview-presenting-the-main-1p6qelph.png Figure 3.4: A simplified overview presenting the main elements to be addressed when measuring resilience. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-overlying-challenges-to-risk-management-and-2xrxfm7v.png Figure 4.4: Overlying challenges to risk management and resilience, represented as a chain of cause and effect, moving from left to right. Issues common to Niger and the Philippines are marked with black text, those more specific for the Philippines in blue text, and those more specific for Niger in purple text. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-management-strategies-using-seasonal-climate-43fohb392c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentile-of-simulated-off-allocation-water-supply-1s4wt2bl.png Figure 3 Percentile of simulated off-allocation water supply using SOI (Southern Oscillation Index) phases in August for 1894–1994. CN, consistently negative; CP, consistently positive; RF, rapidly falling; RR, rapidly rising. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ranking-of-strategies-based-on-brac-for-the-six-2e4ucbht.png Table 4 Ranking of strategies based on BRAC for the six nodes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-differences-between-soi-and-fixed-strategy-average-2f73zklo.png Table 5 Differences (%) between SOI and fixed strategy average gross margin for off-allocation expectation 10–90%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentile-of-simulated-off-allocation-water-308m45c1.png Figure 2 Percentile of simulated off-allocation water (October–January) available for 1894– 1994 (All years). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-soi-and-soi-xvalidated-26xajhnv.png Table 3 Summary statistics for SOI and SOI Xvalidated outcomes ($A total gross margin). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-gross-margin-results-for-node-2-at-off-a2ra01et.png Figure 4 Mean gross margin results for Node 2 at off-allocation expectation of 10–90%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-differences-between-soi-and-fixed-strategy-average-1badsmxv.png Table 6 Differences (%) between SOI and fixed strategy average gross margin for off-allocation expectation 10–90% when starting water supply is restricted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-gross-margin-results-for-node-2-at-off-1qhk0xht.png Figure 6 Mean gross margin results for Node 2 at off-allocation expectation of 10–90% when water supply is limited. https://scispace.com/papers/risk-management-in-agriculture-in-canada-zno07u06t6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-a-summary-of-major-income-stabilisation-programs-2h65oywg.png Table 7. A summary of major income stabilisation programs since 1958 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-quota-value-in-manitoba-2004-2010-26nidwvu.png Figure 11. Quota Value in Manitoba, 2004-2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-direct-payments-to-canadian-producers-2ltr1um2.png Figure 15. Direct Payments to Canadian Producers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-perceived-risk-and-impact-of-selected-risks-for-2og4u8k3.png Table 3. Perceived risk and impact of selected risks for Canadian farms https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-role-of-cooperatives-in-reducing-agricultural-risk-12hzw6v2.png Table 11. Role of cooperatives in reducing agricultural risk in Canada https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-canadian-risk-management-programmes-features-of-uhdug6pc.png Table 16. Canadian risk management programmes: features of different layers https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-observed-correlation-of-prices-yields-revenue-and-1b5npyms.png Table A.3. Observed correlation of prices, yields revenue and costs in Canada: average across sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-observed-effects-of-cais-and-other-programs-gfqzn1q0.png Table 17. Observed effects of CAIS and other programs https://scispace.com/papers/risk-of-myocarditis-from-covid-19-infection-in-people-under-2hrmiuupwp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-icd-10-cm-diagnosis-codes-sfnde07v.png Table 1. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rates-of-myocarditis-in-a-sample-of-covid-19-119lfa00.png Table 2. Rates of Myocarditis in a Sample of COVID-19 Infected Patients https://scispace.com/papers/risk-management-to-reduce-livestock-losses-from-toxic-plants-3prbuv3s8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-management-matrix-or-framework-to-simultaneously-8c57b0v7.png Fig. 1. A management matrix or framework to simultaneously categorize toxic plants according to both acceptability to livestock and the toxic potential of the plant. https://scispace.com/papers/risks-and-implications-of-bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-2n163ewzse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bse-chronology-3e8ymkzf.png Table 2. BSE Chronology https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-beef-prices-in-selected-countries-2000-01a-z6wz8y67.png Table 3. Beef Prices in Selected Countries: 2000-01a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-uk-exports-of-flours-meats-and-pellets-of-meat-or-3lks7q8m.png Figure 3. UK exports of flours, meats and pellets of meat or meat offal, unfit for human consumption (Source data from COMEXT and BSE Inquiry report). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bse-infection-route-2f7g2xk0.png Figure 2. BSE infection route. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uk-bse-cases-as-of-january-1-2004-total-of-179023-2yzwjc4c.png Figure 1. UK BSE cases as of January 1, 2004. Total of 179,023 detected by passive surveillance, 1,338 by active surveillance. Includes 44,609 BABs – i.e., born after July 18, 1988. Figure constructed by the authors using data from the UK Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs homepage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-abbreviations-17m5ogfh.png Table 1. Abbreviations https://scispace.com/papers/risk-production-and-conflict-when-utilities-are-as-if-511g1b5at2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-variables-as-functions-of-nr-when-n-100-2utc9pjz.png Figure 4 Variables as functions of nR when n = 100 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rr-rs-br-bs-m-1-ar-0-5-ar-as-as-0-5-and-n-100-agents-udsldylj.png Table 1 RR = RS = bR = bS = m = 1, αR = –0.5, aR = aS = αS = 0.5, and n = 100 agents, cF = cP = n / (5nR) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-variables-as-functions-of-b2-25vqtz0k.png Figure 3 Variables as functions of b2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-corner-solution-f1-u1-u2-as-functions-of-a1-when-k-154l5tl1.png Figure 1 Corner solution: F1, U1, U2 as functions of α1 when k = 3 and k = 6, R1 = kR2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variables-as-functions-of-a1-3tr1q85b.png Figure 2 Variables as functions of a1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variables-as-functions-of-ar-when-n-100-nr-40-136510ch.png Figure 5 Variables as functions of aR when n = 100, nR = 40 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variables-as-functions-of-bs-when-n-100-nr-40-2uoigqsn.png Figure 6 Variables as functions of bS when n = 100, nR = 40 https://scispace.com/papers/road-sign-detection-in-images-a-case-study-3ykrgpdrv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-roc-for-signs-size-a-64-b-48-c-32-d-16-30tz5z91.png Figure 4. ROC for signs size: (a) ≥ 64, (b) ≥ 48, (c) ≥ 32, (d) ≥ 16. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sizes-min-width-height-distribution-of-the-251-road-217f0mth.png Figure 3. Sizes (min(width, height)) distribution of the 251 road signs. https://scispace.com/papers/robot-behavior-based-user-authentication-for-motion-13tjh93xt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-roc-curves-of-defending-attacks-3bh1gcjc.png Fig. 10: ROC curves of defending attacks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-performance-of-user-classification-2sj734v6.png Fig. 7: Performance of user classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-performance-of-user-verification-11e4ozf9.png Fig. 8: Performance of user verification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-confusion-matrix-of-task-classification-15bc2slw.png Fig. 6: Confusion matrix of task classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-performance-under-different-training-size-verification-1v5l1vnl.png Fig. 9: Performance under different training size (verification). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-motion-controlled-robotic-arm-platform-3gnsgaid.png Fig. 1: The motion-controlled robotic arm platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-users-motion-behaviors-under-the-2te0aki2.png Fig. 2: Comparison of the user’s motion behaviors under the interactive control (int) and the non-control (non) scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-flow-of-the-proposed-user-authentication-for-103v80xw.png Fig. 4: The flow of the proposed user authentication for motion-controlled robotic arm. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-adaptive-distance-functions-for-approximate-bayesian-3qd8fevjm0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-model-properties-identifier-short-description-6a52ujgq.png Table 1: Test model properties: Identifier, short description, number of parameters nθ and data points or summary statistics ns, population size N and maximum number of model simulation after which an analysis was terminated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fits-and-weights-for-models-m1-5-on-outlier-u6h2bvsm.png Figure 3: Fits and weights for models M1-5 on outlier-corrupted data, for three distances. Upper row: Observed data (black) and, for each distance, 30 accepted simulated data sets (lighter lines) as well as the sample means (darker lines) from the last ABC-SMC generation. Note that these are accepted simulations, not predictions; for ε → 0, the accepted simulations should exactly match the observed (non-outlier) data. Lower row: The corresponding weights assigned to each summary statistic by the three shown distance functions in the last generation, normalized to sum 1. For each problem, one exemplary run out of the 20 runs on outlier-corrupted data is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-problem-illustration-on-two-test-models-using-three-1cs7cxgi.png Figure 1: Problem illustration on two test models using three distances, the established L2+Ada.+MAD introduced in Prangle [2017], and two novel ones. Left: A model with 10 N (θ, 1) distributed data points, and an uninformative N (5, 0.12) distributed one, whose observation however is an outlier. Right: A model with 10 N (θ, 0.22) distributed data points, the first two of which however are outliers. For both test problems, on the respective left the obtained ABC posterior approximation is shown, and on the right the underlying outlier-corrupted data, together with, for all three distances, light-colored lines of 30 exemplary accepted simulations from the last ABC-SMC generation, and the respective sample means as darker lines. It can be seen how the established distance yields highly uncertain (left) or biased (right) estimates, while the novel methods give far more accurate estimates of the underlying true parameter. The distance functions and models shown here are properly introduced in Sections 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-rmse-for-the-parameters-of-5-test-models-30ao1nl6.png Figure 2: Mean RMSE for the parameters of 5 test models (columns) obtained for 8 distance functions (rows), using L2 or L1 distances, calibrated only in the first (“Cal.”) or every (“Ada.”) generation, and using MAD, CMAD, and PCMAD for distance weight calculation. Each RMSE is averaged over 20 data sets, grey lines indicate standard deviations. For each distance, the upper, lighter bar is based on outlier-free data, while the lower, darker bar is based on outlier-corrupted data. Distances of interest are colored, alternative distance combinations are shown in grey for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fits-and-weights-for-four-distance-functions-on-1fjnrxmu.png Figure 5: Fits and weights for four distance functions on problem M6 on outlier-free (top) and outliercorrupted (bottom) data. The respective upper rows show the observed data (black), and, for each distance, 30 accepted simulated data sets (light lines) as well as the sample means (darker lines) from the last ABC-SMC generation. Note that these are accepted simulations, not predictions; for ε → 0, the accepted simulations should exactly match the observed (non-outlier) data. The respective lower rows show the corresponding weights assigned to each summary statistic by the four distance functions in the last generation, normalized to sum 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-posterior-marginals-for-the-5-out-of-the-7-model-3gr82q10.png Figure 4: Posterior marginals for the 5 out of the 7 model parameters of model M6 showing interesting dynamics. Top row: Without outliers. Bottom row: With outliers. The x-axis boundaries are the uniform prior boundaries. The parameter values used to simulate the observed data are indicated by grey dotted lines. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-autoregression-student-t-innovations-using-i5v958ko0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gaussian-and-student-t-examples-left-comparison-of-27gvqwx8.png Figure 2: Gaussian and Student-t examples. Left: Comparison of the estimated posterior parameter distributions with those used to generate the observations. Centre: Estimated AR coefficients and those used to generate the observations. Right: Expected values of one-step-ahead predictions compared with the observations. N = 1500 and actual p = 10. Estimated values and variances are shown to 2 decimal places. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-estimate-against-actual-l-left-d-tqj21l6i.png Figure 3: Comparison of estimate against actual λ (left), d (centre) and θi (right) for every combination of λ and d between 0.01 and 10 in steps of 0.01, with N = 1500, p = 10 and a different θ each time. The solid gray lines mark estimate=actual. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-80-credibility-intervals-for-the-2u3qpzfx.png Figure 8: Comparison of 80% credibility intervals for the reconstructions of a 50-point extract of the EEG data using an AR model with Student-t excitations (light shading) and one with Gaussian excitations (dark). The line indicates the observed signal. Credibility intervals are symmetric about the mean predictions, which for clarity are not shown. The Student-t AR model shows higher confidence than the Gaussian. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-ar-coefficients-th-calculated-for-all-58-eeg-267ws3h4.png Figure 9: AR coefficients (θ) calculated for all 58 EEG channels in a single observation set using (top) the Student-t model and (bottom) the Gaussian model. Each point has been offset laterally by a small random amount to make the patterns clearer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-one-step-ahead-predictions-plotted-against-actual-2grij2md.png Figure 6: One-step-ahead predictions plotted against actual values for (a) Gaussian data and (b) the same with the addition of 3 outliers. The black dotted diagonals indicate prediction = actual. The actual mean is marked with a black cross; the estimated mean with a black circle. The Student-t AR model (left) is largely unaffected by the outliers; the predictions are still very good and the estimated mean is very close to the actual. The Gaussian (centre) and GMM AR (right) models are noticeably less accurate than before and are overestimating the excitation variance (the plot appears twisted clockwise with respect to the diagonal). The estimated mean has moved away from the actual. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-normal-probability-plot-for-the-selected-eeg-sensor-330miopp.png Figure 7: Normal probability plot for the selected EEG sensor sample. The variation from the black line shows that the data are significantly non-Gaussian in nature. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-constrained-shortest-path-problems-under-budgeted-3qz9s2pgoo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-computational-results-for-the-instances-y11h6khv.png Table 5: Average computational results for the instances belonging to set S2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-test-problems-proposed-in-13-24i7tua4.png Table 1: Characteristics of the test problems proposed in [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-computational-results-for-each-value-of-g-2ly23pxq.png Table 4: Average computational results for each value of Γ when solving the instances belonging to the set S1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-computational-results-for-the-instances-5it9djun.png Table 3: Average computational results for the instances belonging to set S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reduction-from-the-independent-set-problem-to-ug-pd-2w3qy01e.png Figure 2: Reduction from the independent set problem to UΓ-PD. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reduction-from-the-knapsack-problem-to-u-csp-3f8oqluw.png Figure 1: Reduction from the knapsack problem to U-CSP . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computation-of-ub-and-g-for-0-01-0-05-0-1-xoikucso.png Table 2: Computation of UB and Γ for ∈ {0.01, 0.05, 0.1}. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-integration-of-single-cell-cytometry-datasets-1d49kknq3g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cytof-panels-for-the-cll-dataset-batch-7-did-not-use-2a0mzkjx.png Table 1. CyTOF panels for the CLL dataset. * = Batch 7: did not use - had none left. † = Batches 1-5: 1:200, batch 6: 1:400, batch 7: 1:200. Green background color denotes technical channels and yellow background indicates the 15 overlapping markers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cycombine-rank-based-batch-correction-for-an-hd-16k79qg9.png Figure 3. cyCombine rank-based batch correction for an HD sample from the HIMC dataset and an HD and a CLL sample from panel 1 of the DFCI data. a: UMAP for all cells from the two datasets based on expression of the 12 overlapping markers used for manual gating before batch correction. Colored by dataset. b: Same as in a, but faceted by dataset and colored by manually assigned labels. c: EMD density plots for uncorrected and corrected data. The EMD reduction was 0.76 and the MAD score was 0.04. d: UMAP for all cells from the two datasets based on expression of the 12 overlapping markers used for manual gating after batch correction. Colored by manually assigned labels (assigned before correction). e-h: Same as in d-DFCI, but colored by expression of CD5, CD19, CD20, and CD197 before batch correction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-from-cll-diagnosis-to-treatment-initiation-2a2arpvo.png Figure 4. Time from CLL diagnosis to treatment initiation (months) for 56 CLL patients. Timing of blood draws for the T1 and T2 timepoints included in this study are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cross-platform-data-integration-a-umap-plot-for-396h9vcy.png Figure 4. Time from CLL diagnosis to treatment initiation (months) for 56 CLL patients. Timing of blood draws for the T1 and T2 timepoints included in this study are indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-batch-correction-workflow-first-expression-values-18wrcg7u.png Figure 1. a: Batch correction workflow. First, expression values are transformed in each batch to enable co-clustering of samples from all batches. After clustering, the transformed values are reverted to expression values and ComBat is applied to each cluster. b: Panel merging workflow. Clustering is performed on overlapping markers, and the missing values for each cell in a panel are imputed using probability draws from the co-clustered cells of the other panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-evaluation-of-cycombine-and-other-vjjj55l2.png Figure 6. Performance evaluation of cyCombine and other previously published tools. a: Heatmap showing the EMD reductions of the batch correction tools run on various datasets. A reduction of 1 means a complete elimination of EMD, 0 means no change in EMD. The best-performing setting was selected for each tool. b: Heatmap showing the MAD scores of the batch correction tools run on various datasets. A score of 0 means a complete preservation of the biological variance of all markers in all batches. The best-performing setting was selected for each tool. In both a and b: * denotes that the tool is dependent on technical replicates, which is not available in the dataset. † denotes that the tool is only applied for healthy donor samples and utilizes subsampling. ‡ denotes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-datasets-used-for-benchmarking-study-counting-1514vg55.png Table 2. Datasets used for benchmarking study. * = Counting replicates as distinct samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-integration-and-analysis-of-128-cytof-samples-from-1jheoiph.png Figure 2. Integration and analysis of 128 CyTOF samples from 7 different batches and 2 different panels. a: UMAP-based on expression of the 12 overlapping lineage markers included in the final clustering for both panels 1 and 2 before any batch correction. Using ~100,000 cells with equal sampling from all batches. b: Same as in a, but after batch correction both within and between batches. c: UMAP for up to 2,000 cells from each of the 128 samples based on expression of the 23 clustering markers after removal of B, CLL, and poor-quality cells. Generated after panel https://scispace.com/papers/robust-filtering-for-tdr-traces-46uge8zmhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-experimental-data-gravimetric-estimation-of-er-3a7ao9vy.png TABLE II EXPERIMENTAL DATA: GRAVIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF εr https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-benchmark-problem-comparison-of-the-mean-and-rrmse-2lq75gdu.png TABLE I BENCHMARK PROBLEM: COMPARISON OF THE MEAN AND RRMSE OF THE ESTIMATION ERROR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-benchmark-problem-estimation-error-for-the-solid-line-2zex2ko0.png Fig. 6. Benchmark problem. Estimation error for the (solid line) standard Kalman filter and the (dashed line) proposed filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-of-the-tdr-line-3hdxuc39.png Fig. 1. Schematic view of the TDR line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-experimental-data-solid-gray-line-measured-signal-pjr49imn.png Fig. 7. Experimental data. (Solid gray line) Measured signal versus (solid dark line) standard Kalman filter estimate and (dashed line), proposed filter estimate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-benchmark-problem-measured-signal-y-k-s4vgziwm.png Fig. 3. Benchmark problem. Measured signal Y k . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-benchmark-problem-variation-of-er-with-the-depth-3cjmwkb0.png Fig. 2. Benchmark problem. Variation of εr with the depth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-benchmark-problem-signal-uk-solid-line-and-kalman-i2mxslq5.png Fig. 4. Benchmark problem. Signal Υk (solid line) and Kalman filter estimate (dotted line). https://scispace.com/papers/robust-estimation-and-inference-for-threshold-models-with-37blkf1ipy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-size-performance-3ozj9kvd.png Table 2: Size Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-mean-squared-errors-mse-of-threshold-estimators-1hsd084q.png Table 1: The Mean Squared Errors (MSE) of Threshold Estimators https://scispace.com/papers/robust-fault-detection-using-polytope-based-set-membership-5a7jxg2fcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-intersection-of-the-set-1afps-with-the-first-kdgkim9l.png Figure 4: a) Intersection of the set 1AFPS with the first strip 1F , polytope (purple) and zonotope (blue) computations of 2AFPS , and real vector parameter (21) (black point). b) Expansion of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-polytope-and-zonotope-computations-of-afps-a-at-36hsrv3s.png Figure 5: polytope and zonotope computations of AFPS a) at instant k=20 seconds b) at instant k=40 seconds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-polytope-and-zonotope-computations-of-afps-and-3va8fxy8.png Figure 6: Polytope and zonotope computations of AFPS and strip of parameters consistent with measurements in fault scenario 1 a) and 2 b), at the fault instant appearance (t=44s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-quadruple-tank-process-b-fault-free-scenario-3q1t6suw.png Figure 3: a) Quadruple-tank process.b) Fault free scenario https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-fps-intersection-of-strip-f-and-the-set-th-b-2flsq7md.png Figure 1. a) FPS : Intersection of strip F and the set Θ b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shows-an-example-with-2nth-of-how-to-build-the-fpsm-1itbqjkj.png Figure 1. a) FPS : Intersection of strip F and the set Θ b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-2afps-b-2afps-c-3afps-d-3afps-272jke5x.png Figure 2. a) 2AFPS b) 2AFPS c) 3AFPS d) 3AFPS https://scispace.com/papers/robust-localization-in-cluttered-environments-with-nlos-4a5hl0a6wd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-increasing-the-percentage-of-nlos-distances-3pec35g7.png Fig. 4: Increasing the percentage of NLOS distances https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-increasing-the-nlos-error-6yakx74u.png Fig. 3: Increasing the NLOS error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-calculated-coordinates-of-the-receiver-node-in-the-1tqgg7nl.png Fig. 11: Calculated coordinates of the receiver node in the testbed experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-of-robust-multiateration-and-residual-3ek6yjk6.png Fig. 8: Comparison of robust multiateration and residual weighted algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-localization-error-with-all-los-range-measurements-2jby22gz.png Fig. 7: Localization error with all LOS range measurements containing only Gaussian measurement errors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-execution-times-of-various-localization-algorithms-133v2kqg.png Fig. 9: Execution times of various localization algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-localization-error-158639fb.png Fig. 12: Localization error https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-small-network-of-mit-cricket-motes-where-a-single-2djn7lja.png Fig. 10: A small network of MIT Cricket motes where a single node is localized in the presence of range measurements from both line of sight and non line of sight ultrasound signals. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-least-mean-squares-estimation-of-graph-signals-4w9kdh43zn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-mses-for-the-estimators-in-the-same-3uw66oun.png Table 1. Average MSE’s for the estimators in the same simulation setup as in Fig. 1. The setups are numbered as follows: 1.  = A, 2.  = A0.1,0.025, p from Â, 3.  = A0.2,0.05, p from Â, 4.  = A0.1,0.025, p̃ from A, 5.  = A0.1,0.025, p from A, 6.  = A0.2,0.05, p from A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlations-between-cor-x-x-and-the-values-given-in-2tufg2xx.png Fig. 2. Correlations between cor(x, x̂) and the values given in step 5 of Algorithm 1 for M = 1, . . . , 100. On the left-hand side p and p̃ are derived from  which is a realization of (7) with 1 = 0.1 and 2 = 0.025, and on the right-hand side p and p̃ are derived from the underlying adjacency matrix A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-boxplots-of-correlations-between-x-and-x-for-different-3mq9r7qk.png Fig. 1. Boxplots of correlations between x and x̂ for different estimates. On the left-hand side, the sampling probabilities are optimized using the erroneous adjacency matrix Â, whereas A is used on the right-hand side. On the top right, p̃ is used instead of p. In a boxplot, the red line marks median value, the boundaries of the box are 25th and 75th percentiles, and the maximum whisker length is defined so that the range within whiskers would cover approximately 99.3% of the points if they were normally distributed with those 25th and 75th percentiles. The points outside the whiskers are marked by red plus signs. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-monitoring-of-an-industrial-it-system-in-the-presence-1mxk811ggn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-detection-rate-1dkyu2lt.png Table 13: Detection rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alarms-and-predicted-values-by-the-robust-version-1s19zu6v.png Figure 3: Alarms and predicted values by the robust version with structural change detection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-chi-squared-daily-statistics-for-a-group-of-4-20ixvutc.png Figure 6: Chi squared daily statistics for a group of 4 variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-rhw-smoothing-for-the-four-variables-of-the-group-1op7zoui.png Figure 7: RHW smoothing for the four variables of the group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-an-industrial-and-seasonal-time-series-1xrdabhk.png Figure 5: An industrial and seasonal time series https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-zoom-on-figure-1-d-the-predicted-values-solid-line-2jxbue5s.png Figure 2: Zoom on Figure 1 (d): The predicted values (solid line) coincide with a function f of the form f(t) = art + bt+ c (dotted lines) during the period [26-34]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-partial-contributions-to-variability-at-date-56-i73pxj2b.png Figure 8: Partial contributions to variability at date 56 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-an-industrial-time-series-with-a-structural-change-1pvvpmvq.png Figure 4: An industrial time series with a structural change https://scispace.com/papers/robust-optimal-control-of-a-microbial-batch-culture-process-5dx42x022p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-numerical-results-from-the-pso-algorithm-x-01-x-02-t-3ombfle0.png Table 1 Numerical results from the PSO algorithm: (x∗ 01 , x∗ 02 , t∗ f ) is the optimal control strategy and G̃ and J̃α are the corresponding objective values for Problems P and Q̃α, respectively https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optimal-state-trajectories-for-a-0-a-1x-10-5-and-a-1-3itxyxym.png Fig. 1 Optimal state trajectories for α = 0, α = 1× 10−5 and α = 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-final-yield-of-13-pd-measured-by-g-under-the-17dmsx19.png Fig. 3 The final yield of 1,3-PD (measured by G̃) under the optimal control schemes for α = 0 and α = 1 and perturbed parameter vectors https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-final-yield-of-13-pd-measured-by-g-for-1000-8zt5bmeh.png Fig. 2 The final yield of 1,3-PD (measured by G̃) for 1,000 randomly perturbed parameter vectors https://scispace.com/papers/robust-sampled-data-control-26gpvdcfcs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-p-vs-7-for-t-0-692-1o3kz6xk.png Figure 2.2. p vs. 7 for T — 0.692 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-4-stability-regions-in-the-parameter-space-1ittv9he.png Fig 2.4. Stability regions in the parameter space https://scispace.com/papers/robust-similarity-metrics-between-audio-signals-based-on-1g1dusjcvz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schema-of-the-proposed-approach-the-request-is-3ow0tnji.png Fig. 1. Schema of the proposed approach. The request is represented as an irregularly sampled spectral envelope (stems) whereas the records of the database are represented as a regularly sampled one (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectral-envelope-solid-line-of-a-tone-of-a-double-385qytoy.png Fig. 2. Spectral envelope (solid line) of a tone of a Double Bass and spectral peaks for a different tone of the same instrument (solid stems) and Bassoon (dashed stems). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performances-of-the-evaluated-similarity-metrics-29953oso.png Table 1. Performances of the evaluated similarity metrics over a subset of the SOLOS database under homogeneous degradation d. Results are expressed in terms of EER, bold values indicate best performance per type of degradation and class of similarity metric. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performances-of-the-evaluated-similarity-metrics-24lhiz64.png Table 2. Performances of the evaluated similarity metrics over a subset of the SOLOS database under heterogeneous degradation d. Results are expressed in terms of EER. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-performances-of-the-selected-similarity-metrics-over-32qmkpxa.png Table 3. Performances of the selected similarity metrics over the complete SOLOS database under heterogeneous degradations d. Results are expressed in terms of EER and area under DET curve (in parenthesis). Crossing of the DET curves with the straight line indicates the EER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-det-curves-for-the-selected-similarity-metrics-over-2fwjlma9.png Fig. 3. DET curves for the selected similarity metrics over the complete SOLOS database under heterogeneous mode. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-unsupervised-segmentation-of-degraded-document-images-37o2vbhi51 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-we-propose-an-unsupervised-model-in-which-we-learn-1ysiwvq9.png Figure 1. We propose an unsupervised model in which we learn a set of latent topics over image regions to perform document segmentation. We perform three steps as illustrated in the pipeline above: codebook learning, latent topic inference, and MRF smoothing to better estimate the layout. When all this is done we have a final segmentation of a given document image. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-confusion-matrix-for-the-four-topic-model-over-70-1aloi659.png Table 1. Confusion matrix for the four topic model over 70 codewords. The table shows the percentage of total pixels from the test set and how they are classified. The figure and image class are shown together here because the figure class is rarely classified (either correctly or incorrectly). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-two-synthesized-documents-from-a-4-topic-model-top-3101ilkc.png Figure 7. Two synthesized documents from a 4 topic model (top two rows) and two from a 5 topic model (bottom two rows). Column one is the topic map sampled from the MRF model, column two are the sampled images from these topics shown in encoded form, and the third column shows the representative documents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-codebook-learning-process-we-take-raw-image-patches-2gstvuzg.png Figure 2. Codebook Learning Process: We take raw image patches, perform PCA over a large set, and run k-Means to get a set of k codewords which can encode our images. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-graph-of-segmentation-accuracy-as-codebook-size-3c0al4dz.png Figure 8. A graph of segmentation accuracy as codebook size increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-encoded-representations-of-two-different-document-3rx2dsxa.png Figure 4. Encoded representations of two different document images (one per row). The first column are the images themselves, the second are the encoded images (with colors randomly assigned to each codeword), and the third are the reconstructed images consisting of the representative patches of each codeword on the image lattice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-codebook-consisting-of-150-codewords-centroids-3o5y1uvy.png Figure 3. A codebook consisting of 150 codewords (centroids produced by the K-Means algorithm). The gray effect is due to the averaging effect the PCA process has on the patches when subtracting the empirical mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-example-segmentation-on-this-document-we-can-see-2demazba.png Figure 10. Example segmentation on this document. We can see that the model does very well on images of this document which was not even part of the initial training set. In this case we have no manual-labels to get quantitative results, but to the eye only figures pose a significant problem as in the prior results. These results illustrate the adaptability of the model. https://scispace.com/papers/robust-unknown-input-observer-design-for-linear-uncertain-3k4etrjgy3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-diagram-of-williams-otto-process-40-33x0ould.png Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of Williams–Otto process [40]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evaluating-residual-signals-using-defined-threshold-14zx20ss.png Fig. 4. Evaluating residual signals using defined threshold (Abrupt fault). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-incipient-fault-d6xqw0zi.png Fig. 5. Incipient fault. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-residual-signals-of-the-designed-fd-system-for-the-qyf4x3id.png Fig. 6. The residual signals of the designed FD system for the case in which incipient fault is exerted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evaluating-residual-signals-using-defined-threshold-3q3tzei8.png Fig. 7. Evaluating residual signals using defined threshold (Incipient fault). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-a-full-order-uio-with-delay-gqc0fhus.png Fig. 1. Structure of a full-order UIO with delay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-residual-signals-of-designed-fd-system-for-the-3r0grmqa.png Fig. 11. Residual signals of designed FD system for the Williams–Otto process (incipient fault). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-evaluating-residual-signals-using-defined-threshold-2exwcxh3.png Fig. 12. Evaluating residual signals using defined threshold (incipient fault). https://scispace.com/papers/robustness-and-inference-in-nonparametric-partial-frontier-cu7i2ny3fb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-resulting-pictures-for-m-1-7-14-21-70-pft-data-2c2s96qh.png Figure 10: The resulting pictures for m = 1, 7, 14, 21, . . . , 70 (PFT data). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-l-h-s-the-difference-d-m-d-1-for-the-suspicious-2k3wki8n.png Figure 11: (l-h.s) The difference d(m∗)− d(1) for the suspicious observations. (r-h.s) Evolution of the % of sample points outside the partial frontiers ξ̂m,3978 and ξ̃m,3978. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-potential-outlying-post-offices-detected-by-the-3nzrzz0k.png Figure 6: Potential outlying post offices detected by the semi-automatic procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-resulting-pictures-for-m-1-400-800-4000-french-1y9thtrc.png Figure 7: The resulting pictures for m = 1, 400, 800, . . . , 4000 (French post offices). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-full-sample-xm-n-and-xm-n-for-m-100-200-1000-2ydod1vl.png Figure 3: Top (full sample): ξ̂m,n and ξ̃m,n for m = 100, 200, 1000, 4000. Bottom: as above without the anomalous data indicated by circles. 5.2 Comparing Cn and Qn https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-as-above-with-m-1-40-400-l-h-s-and-m-1-8-80-middle-bsmqk6sm.png Figure 8: As above with m = 1, 40, . . . , 400 (l-h.s) and m = 1, 8, . . . , 80 (Middle and r-h.s). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-95-confidence-intervals-qn-left-and-cn-right-here-385y3dnb.png Figure 12: 95% confidence intervals Qn (left) and Cn (right). Here n = 3978 (without anomalous data). From top to bottom: m = 100 and m = 250 (French post offices). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-values-nx-rb-xm-n-x-with-n-105-itni17s9.png Table 1: The values n× RB(ξ̃m,n(x)) with n = 105. https://scispace.com/papers/rocking-analysis-of-masonry-walls-interacting-with-roofs-3gmhadt5z7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-centroid-of-the-composed-masonry-block-roof-mass-1jyyorm8.png Fig. 4. Centroid of the composed masonry block + roof mass system : with (a) and without (b) eccentricity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-collapse-multipliers-of-sdof-block-with-height-2h-and-neqwifnj.png Fig. 1.Collapse multipliers of SDOF block with height 2h and base 2b (kinematic analysis). Solid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-corner-failure-mechanism-30-and-b-geometry-of-the-1yc8p09o.png Fig. 16. (a) Corner failure mechanism [30] and (b) geometry of the block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-trema-building-at-0-45g-rocking-of-the-upper-wall-1gtb8e9k.png Fig. 8.The TREMA building at 0.45g: rocking of the upper wall https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-photo-of-the-trema-building-unreinforced-version-2psbe1er.png Fig. 7. Photo of the TREMA building (unreinforced version) tested on shaking table at ENEA Casaccia (a) and 3D drawing of the prototype with dimensions (b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-rocking-spandrel-beam-response-to-moglia-mog-seismic-2p091rr2.png Fig. 12. Rocking spandrel beam response to Moglia (MOG) seismic record, North-South component (amplification factor =1.04) (a); normalized rotation depending on the roof inclination ψ (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spandrel-mechanisms-interacting-with-timber-roofs-a-1j8s226z.png Fig. 2. Spandrel mechanisms interacting with timber roofs: (a) sketch of the typical mechanism (adapted from [13]), (b) photo of the spandrel mechanism in Reggiolo, Emilia Romagna 2012, (c) L’Aquila2009 and (d) Molise 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinematic-non-linear-analysis-indicates-unsatisfied-1g5bfk4h.png Table 1 Kinematic non-linear analysis (* indicates unsatisfied safety verification according to the kinematic analysis, the last row indicates the maximum PGA according to incremental non linear dynamic https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-mesoscopic-morphology-in-charge-transport-of-doped-1tpmggr7t4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-band-diagram-of-polyaniline-8xjqzlkt.png Figure 2. Band diagram of polyaniline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-magnetoresistance-of-doped-polyaniline-zcnse72o.png Figure 4. Magnetoresistance of doped polyaniline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-resistivity-vs-temperature-of-doped-polyaniline-38z22gg1.png Figure 3. Resistivity vs temperature of doped polyaniline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structures-of-polyaniline-and-dopants-3nncfbhp.png Figure 1. Chemical structures of polyaniline and dopants. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-l-shell-single-and-double-core-hole-production-and-31pa3hzktw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-charge-state-fractions-flx-as-functions-1rnqw0pr.png FIG. 8. (color online) Charge-state fractions FLξ as functions of the photon energy Eph. The inset shows the fraction F L 2 of Ar2+ product ions on a linear scale. All error bars are statistical standard deviations. The fractions are shown by different symbols labeled by the final ion charge state ξ. For further details see the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-final-charge-state-distributions-branching-ratios-126y78kb.png TABLE III. Final charge-state distributions (branching ratios) of argon ions after relaxation of an intermediate 2pvacancy state populated via photoabsorption by an initial Ar+(3s23p5) ion. The interval 270-271 eV is assumed to provide the fractions that are due to direct ionization of the 2p subshell. For this set of charge-state fractions the standard deviations are given both for the present experiment and the measurement by Blancard et al. [14]. The associated numbers in brackets indicate the uncertainties of the last digits of the entries for the charge-state fractions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-color-online-net-triple-photoionization-cross-section-3b457e4t.png FIG. 12. (color online) Net triple photoionization cross section σ1,4 of the Ar + ion. Energy-scan data were taken at different photon-energy bandwidths, all consistent with a 52 meV resolution, covering the regions of the 2p and 2s excitation resonances and beyond the 2s ionization threshold. The scan data were normalized to absolute-cross-section measurements (solid blue circles with total error bars). The short-dashed (violet) line is the model cross section σd1,4 with branching ratios based on the Jac calculations. The solid (red) line is the model cross section with adjusted weight factors Bξ from Table IV. The heavy-dotted gray line is the contribution of direct 2p-shell ionization to the solid (red) line, the dashed line additionally includes the contribution of direct 2s ionization. The vertical bars indicate the lowest thresholds of direct single and double ionization of various subshells as indicated. The gray-shaded area labeled 2p+ 3p→ 3d shows the calculated energy range (see Table II) for direct 2p ionization plus 3p→ 3d excitations. For more details see the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-fractions-fx-of-ar-x-product-ions-in-2o04soqd.png FIG. 7. (color online) Fractions Fξ of Ar ξ+ product ions in charge states ξ = 2, 3, .., 7 observed after absorption of a photon (with a given energy Eph) by the Ar + ion (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-net-double-photoionization-cross-section-1fuq7mdr.png FIG. 11. (color online) Net double photoionization cross section σ1,3 of the Ar + ion. Detailed energy-scan data were taken at small bandwidths, all consistent with a 52 meV resolution, in the regions of the 2p and 2s excitation resonances. The scan data were normalized to absolute-cross-section measurements (solid blue circles with total error bars). The short-dashed (violet) line is the Bξ-weighted sum of 2s and 2p HFR results representing the contribution of direct L-shell single ionization. The weight factors Bξ were obtained by Jac calculations. The solid (red) line is obtained with adjusted branching ratios Bξ from Table IV. The heavy-dotted gray line is the contribution of 2p direct ionization only. The vertical bar indicates the lowest direct-ionization threshold of the 2s subshell. The onset of direct 2p ionization is obvious from the model cross sections. For more details see the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-color-online-experimental-cross-sections-for-ar-in-2oquxeqp.png FIG. 16. (color online) Experimental cross sections for Ar+ in the photon-energy range of the 2p excitation resonances: Net single ionization (panel a), net double ionization (panel b), net triple ionization (panel c), and net quadruple ionization (panel d). All spectra were measured at a photon-energy resolution of 52 meV. The solid (red) lines with light gray shading represent the contributions of direct ionization of the 2p subshell calculated on the basis of the HFR theory. The calculated absorption cross sections were multiplied with the branching ratios provided in Table III for “2p ionization”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-experimental-cross-sections-for-ar-in-the-1tttzzr9.png FIG. 17. Experimental cross sections for Ar+ in the photonenergy range of the 2p + 3` double-excitation resonances: Net single ionization (panel a), net double ionization (panel b), net triple ionization (panel c), and net quadruple ionization (panel d). The spectra in different energy regions were measured at different photon-energy resolutions ranging from 52 meV to at most 400 meV. Vertical lines indicate positions of resonances. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-branching-ratios-bx-n-and-bx-n-n-for-the-decay-of-80fa1gie.png TABLE IV. Branching ratios Bξ(n`) and Bξ(n`, n ′`′) for the decay of individual vacancy states contributing to multiple ionization of the Ar+ ion. These contributions to the production of the final charge states ξ arise from the decay of singleand double-hole configurations that are given at the top of each column. Theoretical branching ratios calculated with Jac are displayed where available. Adjusted Bξ values are provided by the bracketed numbers. Missing entries indicate that no branching ratio greater than 10−5 was found. The adjusted Bξ values for a 2p vacancy were taken from the detailed analysis described in Sec. IV B. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-oxidative-stress-in-erk-and-p38-mapk-activation-1xmlee678n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-vitamin-e-and-glutathione-gsh-partially-affect-24-3im4qwpr.png Figure 4 Vitamin E and glutathione (GSH) partially affect 2,4- dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced increase of CD40 protein levels in the fetal skin derived dendritic cell (FSDC) line. Cells were stimulated or not with 5 µg/mL of DNFB in the presence of vitamin E (1 mmol/L) or GSH (1 mmol/L), and collected after 2 h of stimulation. Equal amounts of protein were loaded on 10% SDS–polyacrylamide gels, subjected to electrophoresis and electrotransferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, before probing with an anti-CD40 antibody. The results were quantified by scanning the membrane with a fluorescence scanner and analyzed using the ImageQuant software. The results were expressed as fold increase relative to the control in each experiment. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by the oneway ANOVA test with Bonferroni’s post-test (*P < 0.05 compared to the control). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vitamin-e-does-not-affect-significantly-the-limy6w1n.png Figure 3 Vitamin E does not affect significantly the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (A) and p38 MAPK (B) induced by 2,4- dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Cells were stimulated or not with 5 µg/mL of DNFB in the presence or not of 1 mmol/L vitamin E, and cell lysates were collected at the indicated times after stimulation. Equal amounts of protein were loaded on 10% SDS–polyacrylamide gels, subjected to electrophoresis and electrotransferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, before probing with a phospho-specific anti-ERK1/2 antibody (A) or anti-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) antibody (B), as described in the Materials and methods. Data are representative of three independent experiments. C, control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reduced-glutathione-gsh-prevents-the-1pp969nk.png Figure 2 Reduced glutathione (GSH) prevents the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (A) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (B) induced by 2,4- dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Cells were stimulated or not with 5 µg/mL of DNFB for 15 and 30 min, in the presence or not of 1 mmol/L GSH, and the cell lysates were collected at the indicated times after stimulation. Equal amounts of protein were loaded on 10% SDS–polyacrilamide gels, subjected to electrophoresis and electrotransferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, before probing with a phospho-specific anti-ERK1/2 antibody (A) or anti-p38 MAPK antibody (B), as described in the Materials and methods. The results were quantified by scanning the membrane with a fluorescence scanner and analyzed using the ImageQuant software. The results were expressed as the percentage of phosphorylation relative to total in each experiment. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by the oneway anova test with Bonferroni’s post-test (+P < 0.05, ++P < 0.01, +++P < 0.001 compared to the stimulus). C, control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-24-dinitrofluorobenzene-dnfb-induces-oxidation-of-16q452f7.png Figure 1 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induces oxidation of proteins but not of lipids. Cells were stimulated or not with 5 µ g/mL of DNFB. (A) Cell lysates were collected at 5, 15 and 30 min after stimulation, derivatized with dinitrophenylhydrazine and analyzed by western blot using the specific antibody for dinitrophenyl groups, as described in the Materials and methods. The specificity of the sensitizing effect of DNFB was tested by incubation with its inactive analogue 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene (DCNB) (5 µ g/mL for 30 min). The results were quantified by scanning the membrane with a fluorescence scanner and analyzed using the ImageQuant software. Results are expressed as the fold increase relative to the control (C) in each experiment. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by the one-way ANOVA test with a Dunnett’s post-test (* P < 0.05). (B) Cell lysates were collected at 5, 15 and 30 min after stimulation and analyzed by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colourimetric assay for lipid oxidation, as described in the Materials and methods. Lipid oxidation induced by incubation with H 2 O 2 (500 µ mol/L) for 15 min is shown as a positive control. Results are expressed as fold increase relative to the control (C) in each experiment. Data are expressed https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-pollution-and-weather-indicators-in-the-covid-19-3gutu8w270 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pollution-indicators-statistics-in-delhi-11rt9rfl.png Fig. 3. Pollution indicators statistics in Delhi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-covid-19-case-statistics-in-delhi-1vsblgqi.png Fig. 2. COVID-19 case statistics in Delhi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-outbreak-of-covid-19-in-india-source-https-www-2kpfwk54.png Fig. 1. Outbreak of COVID-19 in India (Source: https://www.covid19india.org/) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarizes-the-findings-of-these-studies-conducted-1vg18b57.png Table 1 summarizes the findings of these studies conducted in various countries worldwide. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-recent-studies-on-the-impact-of-weather-condition-on-3g9cdcnj.png Table 2: Recent studies on the impact of weather condition on COVID-19 Spread https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-coefficients-between-pollution-ms04hyxd.png Table 3: Correlation coefficients between pollution indicators and COVID-19 cases https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-spin-lattice-coupling-in-the-ultrafast-2azuxch0j8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-overview-of-demagnetization-time-constants-of-pure-3tymud0w.png TABLE I. Overview of demagnetization time constants of pure Gd, Tb, and Gd1−xTbx alloy. The element-averaged time constants for Gd0.6Tb0.4 from our MOKE analysis are somewhat different from those found in our XMCD measurements due to the different base temperatures in these experiments, as discussed in the main text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-schematic-electronic-density-of-states-2nrv3ps2.png FIG. 1. (Color online) (a) Schematic electronic density of states for rare earth elements Gd and Tb. 1.5 eV pump pulses excite predominantly 5d electrons in the vicinity of the Fermi level EF, which are probed by time-resolved MOKE at the same photon energy. XMCD at the M5-edge probes the 4f magnetic moments directly and element selectively by resonantly exciting the 3d5/2 core level electrons to the unoccupied 4f↓ states. ↑ and ↓ denote majority and minority spins, while H and M refer to the external magnetic field and magnetization, respectively. (b) The coupling between Gd and Tb 4f and 5d magnetic moments and the lattice in Gd1−xTbx alloy is shown schematically. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-characterization-of-the-magnetic-1xswrmw4.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Characterization of the magnetic properties of epitaxial Gd1−xTbx films on W(110) by static MOKE. (a) Magnetization M , normalized to the saturation magnetization MS , depending on the external magnetic field H , measured at a base temperature T0 of 220 K. Increasing coercivity and/or changing shape of the hysteresis loops with increasing Tb content point to the influence of the strong Tb spin-lattice coupling. (b) Temperaturedependent magnetization M , normalized to its value M0 at 220 K. The inset shows the linear concentration dependence of the Curie temperature TC. The line is a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-dependence-of-ultrafast-magnetization-32haqn9t.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Dependence of ultrafast magnetization dynamics on the Tb concentration x in Gd1−xTbx alloy measured with time-resolved MOKE at a base temperature of 220 K and in an external magnetic field of ±0.04 T. (a) The transient change of the magnetization, as measured by the change in Kerr rotation θ normalized to the value θ0 for the unexcited sample, is displayed for five different Tb concentrations ranging from 0 (uppermost curve) to 0.7 (lowermost curve). (b) The resulting rate of the quasiequilibrium process γ = 1/τ2, with τ2 being the time constant of the second step of demagnetization as derived from double exponential fits to the time-resolved MOKE data [plotted as black lines in (a)], shows an increase towards larger Tb concentration. This behavior is well described by a linear fit to the data (solid line). γ for pure Tb is taken from [19]. Inset: In the time constant τ1 of the first step of demagnetization, no clear trend with increasing Tb concentration can be observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-x-ray-absorption-spectra-of-gd0-6tb0-4-at-1e3hhr28.png FIG. 4. (Color online) X-ray absorption spectra of Gd0.6Tb0.4 at the Gd and Tb M5,4 edges measured with circularly polarized x rays, with the sample’s magnetization oriented parallel (A+) and antiparallel (A−) to the x-ray propagation direction by applying an external magnetic field H = ±0.5 T, are displayed in the upper panel. The absorption spectra are normalized to the continuum step after the Tb M edges. The lower panel shows the XMCD, which is proportional to A−-A+, with the proportionality factor [32] given by the angle of 35◦ to the surface normal under which H is applied and the x-ray polarization degree of 90%. The shaded areas mark the photon energies where the time-resolved XMCD measurements were performed. The inset depicts element-resolved hysteresis loops of Gd and Tb, taken at the respective M5 edges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-time-and-element-resolved-ultrafast-2fwmwum5.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Time- and element-resolved ultrafast demagnetization of Gd (squares) and Tb (circles) in Gd0.6Tb0.4. The temporal evolution of the XMCD signal, which corresponds to the transient, element-resolved 4f magnetic moment μ, normalized to its value μ0 before laser excitation, is shown for a pump-probe delay of up to 50 ps. XMCD acquired with 10 ps long x-ray pulses is displayed in the inset. All XMCD measurements were performed at base temperature 82 K and in an external magnetic field of ±0.5 T. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-spin-orbit-coupling-in-the-alloying-behavior-of-4uak34a7ug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-strength-of-effective-cluster-interactions-ecis-nwcwep6y.png FIG. 4. (a) Strength of effective cluster interactions (ECIs), obtained from the final expansion including the 187 input σ of Bi1−xSbx in the presence of the effect of SOC. (b) Gmix of Bi1−xSbx at T = 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 K under the influence of SOC, as obtained from canonical MC simulations (open circles) and mean-field (MF) approximation (shaded squares). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-gmix-of-bi1-xsbx-at-t-300-320-340-360-380-and-400-k-18h4br0d.png FIG. 3. (a) Gmix of Bi1−xSbx at T = 300, 320, 340, 360, 380, and 400 K, evaluated by taking into account the effect of SOC. (b) Isostructural phase diagram of Bi1−xSbx in the presence of the effect of SOC (see the main text for description). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a7-type-structure-of-bismuth-bi-antimony-sb-and-7bhs7sm2.png FIG. 1. (a) A7-type structure of bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and disordered solid solutions of Bi1−xSbx . (b) A structurally ordered compound of bismuth antimonide (BiSb). The purple spheres in (a) represent either Bi or Sb atoms, while the red and blue spheres in (b) explicitly denote, respectively, Bi and Sb atoms. The thin black lines in both (a) and (b) outline the conventional hexagonal unit cells of the materials with each containing six atoms, representing three buckled sheets with a vertical stacking sequence of ABC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-and-c-lattice-parameter-of-random-solid-solutions-of-1oeqvjlq.png FIG. 5. a and c lattice parameter of random solid solutions of Bi1−xSbx as a function of composition x, calculated in this work (red triangles). The red dashed lines indicate the lattice parameters calculated according to the Vegard’s law between Bi and Sb. Comparison is made with the experimental data, previously reported by Dismukes et al. [19] (shaded black circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-electronic-density-of-states-around-the-highest-3bm62t7n.png FIG. 6. Electronic density of states around the highest occupied state, indicated by the vertical dotted lines at 0 eV, of (a) Bi0.875Sb0.125 and (b) Bi0.5Sb0.5 disordered solid solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ground-state-diagram-at-t-0-k-of-multilayer-bi1-xsbx-2vnpaaxf.png FIG. 2. Ground-state diagram at T = 0 K of multilayer Bi1−xSbx with (a) the absence of the effect of SOC and (b) the presence of the effect of SOC. Red crosses are the CE-predicted energies of mixing Emix of all generated σ . Open black circles are the DFT-calculated Emix of the selected σ , included in the final cluster expansions. Thick black lines, connecting two large filled black circles both in (a) and in (b), represent the DFT-derived ground-state lines of Bi1−xSbx , while filled blue squares stand for the DFT-calculated Emix of the completely random solid solutions of Bi1−xSbx modeled by the SQS method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-first-principles-total-energy-per-atom-etot-of-bi-sb-qs63tp0q.png TABLE I. First-principles total energy per atom (Etot) of Bi, Sb, the ordered compound of BiSb, shown in Fig. 1(a) and the ideally random solid solution of Bi1−xSbx at x = 0.5, modeled by the SQS method, evaluated in this work with and without the inclusion of the influence of SOC. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-structural-vacancies-in-the-stabilization-of-the-3jvyp6j39x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-densities-of-electron-states-of-the-disordered-tita-2mm3e4oo.png Fig. 3. Densities of electron states of the disordered tita nium TiOy monoxide for (a) y < 1.0 and (b) y > 1.0, calcu lated with a step of 1/12 along y. Plots are combined by the Fermi energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electron-density-map-of-a-titanium-sublattice-vacancy-2rmija6z.png Fig. 2. Electron density map of (a) titanium sublattice vacancy channel and (b) oxygen sublattice vacancy chan nel of the ordered monoclinic Ti5O5 phase in the XY plane. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-calculated-and-experimental-values-of-formation-jc15jrti.png Table 2. Calculated and experimental values of formation enthalpy ΔH of monoxide titanium: vacancy free phase TiO, monoclinic Ti5O5 phase, and disordered phase of sto ichiometric composition TiO1.0 https://scispace.com/papers/roles-of-the-brca2-and-wapl-complexes-with-pds5-in-sister-1kmpz7pf5l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pds5-and-brca2-have-opposing-effects-on-sa-cohesin-1vaabn8n.png Fig 4. Pds5 and Brca2 have opposing effects on SA cohesin subunit levels at DNA replication origins. (A) Genome browser view of SA ChIP-seq at the kayak locus in mock-treated BG3 cells (SA) and BG3 cells RNAi depleted for Pds5 (iPds5), Wapl (iWapl), Brca2 (iBrca2), Pds5 and Wapl (iPds5 iBrca2) and Pds5 and Brca2 (iPds5 iBrca2). (B) Metaorigin analysis of the SA to Rad21 ChIP-seq enrichment ratio in mock control cells (Mock, blue) and cells depleted for Pds5 (iPds5, red). (C) The top panel is the metaorigin plot of SA enrichment in control (SA, blue) and Pds5-depleted cells (SA iPds5, red). The bottom panel is the meta-origin plot of–log10 p values for the difference in SA enrichment calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. (D) Same as C except for cells depleted for Brca2 (iBrca2). An example of the increase in SA at the kayak locus is shown in S2C Fig. (E) Same as C with cells depleted for both Pds5 and Brca2 (iPds5 iBrca2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-relative-levels-of-cohesin-nipped-b-pds5-wapl-and-252t76c2.png Fig 6. The relative levels of cohesin, Nipped-B, Pds5, Wapl and Brca2 vary between active promoters, enhancers and Polycomb Response Elements (PREs). The top diagram summarizes how active promoters (blue) extragenic enhancers (yellow) and PREs (orange) are defined as 500 bp sequences as described elsewhere [17, 19, 33]. There are 7,389 non-heterochromatic active promoters, 523 extragenic enhancers and 195 PREs. There are over 2,500 total active enhancers in BG3 cells but intragenic enhancers are excluded to avoid effects caused by changes in transcription. (A) Violin plots of the distribution of Rad21 ChIP-seq enrichment values (mean enrichment in each 500 bp element) for promoters (PRO, blue), extragenic enhancers (ENH, yellow) and PREs (PRE, orange), and 6,892 random 500 bp sequences as a negative control. White dots show the median values. (B) Same as A for SA. (C) Same as A for Nipped-B. (D) Same as A for Pds5. (E) Same as A for Wapl. (F) Same as A for Brca2. (G) Distribution of SA to Rad21 ChIP-seq enrichment ratios for promoters (PRO) enhancers (ENH) and PREs (PRE). (H) Same as G for the Wapl to SA ratio. (I) Same as G for the Pds5 to Wapl ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pds5-and-brca2-have-similar-effects-on-gene-expression-2hs5lx7b.png Fig 8. Pds5 and Brca2 have similar effects on gene expression in BG3 cells that overlap the effects of Nipped-B and cohesin. (A) Genome-wide Pearson correlation coefficients for the log2 fold-changes in RNA levels caused by depletion of Nipped-B (iNipped-B), Rad21 (iRad21), Pds5 (iPds5), Wapl (iWapl), Brca2 (iBrca2), Brca2 and Pds5 (iBrca2 iPds5) and Brca2 and Wapl (iBrca2 iWapl). Gene expression values used for the analysis are in S1 Data. (B) Dot plot of log2 fold-changes in RNA levels caused by Nipped-B depletion versus the changes caused by Rad21 depletion. Red dots show statistically significant changes in gene expression caused by Nipped-B depletion (q 0.05). (C) Dot plot of log2 fold-changes in RNA levels caused by Pds5 depletion versus changes caused by Brca2 depletion. (D) Dot plot of log2 fold-changes in RNA levels caused by Nipped-B depletion versus the changes caused by Pds5 depletion. Red dots show genes significantly altered by Nipped-B depletion (q 0.05). (E) Overlap in the genes that increase and decrease in expression with the indicated depletions at p 0.05. P values were used instead of the more stringent q values to obtain larger groups of genes. Numbers in red indicate genes that increase in expression and numbers in blue are genes that decrease. The numbers in the overlap boxes show the number that change with both depletion treatments. Red indicates genes that increase with both and blue indicate genes that decrease with both. Brown indicates genes that increase with one treatment, and decrease with the other. All overlaps in genes that increase or decrease in expression are statistically significant by Fisher’s exact test (S1 Data). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pds5-influences-wapl-and-nipped-b-binding-at-dna-1d0surez.png Fig 5. Pds5 influences Wapl and Nipped-B binding at DNA replication origins with little effect on Brca2. (A) Metaorigin plot of Wapl to Rad21 ratio in control cells (Mock, blue) and cells depleted for Pds5 (iPds5, red). (B) Left panel is meta-origin analysis of Wapl ChIP-seq enrichment in control cells (Wapl, blue) and cells depleted for Pds5 (Wapl iPds5, red). Right panel is the plot of–log10 p values for the differences in Wapl enrichment in the metaorigin bins calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. (C) Same as B for Brca2 enrichment. (D) Same as A for the Nipped-B to Rad21 ratio. (E) Same as B for Nipped-B ChIP-seq enrichment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-depletion-of-pds5-causes-extension-of-cohesin-and-19i6spj4.png Fig 3. Depletion of Pds5 causes extension of cohesin and accessory factor binding domains surrounding replication origins. (A) Genome browser view of the kayak origin region, showing ChIP-seq for Wapl, Rad21, SA, and Nipped-B in control cells and cells depleted for Pds5 (iPds5). Shaded areas show regions with increased binding of cohesin, Wapl and Nipped-B in Pds5-depleted cells. (B) The left panel shows the Rad21 meta-origin analysis in mock control cells (Rad21, blue) and cells depleted for Pds5 (Rad21 iPds5, red). The right panel shows the–log10 p values for differences in Rad21 enrichment in each bin used for the meta-origin analysis. P values were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pds5-and-brca2-oppose-each-other-in-sister-chromatid-14wub4rl.png Fig 1. Pds5 and Brca2 oppose each other in sister chromatid cohesion in BG3 cells. (A) The three micrographs show examples of normal metaphase chromosomes and of precocious sister chromatid separation (PSCS). The bar graph shows the percent of chromosomes showing normal cohesion (blue) or partial or complete PSCS (red) in mock-treated (Mock), and Pds5-depleted (iPds5), Wapl-depleted (iWapl) or Brca2-depleted (iBrca2) BG3 cells after 5 days of RNAi treatment. (B) The graphs show the mean percentage of chromosomes showing PSCS in individual cells after three to five days of RNAi treatment for Pds5 only (iPds5, blue) or for both Pds5 and Brca2 (iPds5 + iBrca2, red). Error bars are standard errors of the mean. A minimum of 50 metaphase nuclei were scored for each individual group and time point. Similar results were obtained in two additional experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/role-of-the-tumor-microenvironment-in-regulating-apoptosis-37nkmbox15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mechanisms-responsible-for-immune-surveillance-ih2j2ydl.png Figure 3. Mechanisms responsible for immune surveillance escape. The figure shows a variety of interactions disturbing the efficacy of immune system attacks. a. the loss of MHC I expression prevents the presentation of tumor antigen to immune cells. The absence of MHC I is correlated with the loss of CD58 which induces the activation of NK cells. b. the expression of HLA-G decreases antitumor immune function by providing inhibitory signals to immune cells such as NK cells via the induction of inhibitory receptors. c. Malignant cells highly express the Fas-ligand which is able to induce apoptosis of CTLs cells by binding to their death receptor Fas. Also, lymphoma cells express programmed cell death ligand 1 and 2 (PDL1/PDL2) that bind on PD1 receptor leading to T cells depletion. NK, natural killer; MHC I, major histocompatibility complex class I; TCR, T cell receptor; CTLs, cytotoxic T cells; DLBCL, diffuse large B cell lymphoma; HLA-G , histocompatibility antigen class I α-chain G; cHL, classical Hodgkin lymphoma; PD1, programmed cell death protein 1; PDL1/L2, programmed cell death ligand 1/2. Figure prepared using tools from Servier Medical Art (http://www.servier.fr/servier-medical-art). https://scispace.com/papers/romanian-achievements-in-petroleum-industry-zns98y38ge 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-oil-production-in-romania-between-1857-and-2010-1f6d096u.png Figure 3: Oil Production in Romania between 1857 and 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-capital-in-romanian-petroleum-dk3it5ox.png Figure 2: Distribution of Capital in Romanian Petroleum Industry in 1938 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-capital-in-romanian-petroleum-2jr38nfy.png Figure 1: Distribution of Capital in Romanian Petroleum Industry in 1914 https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-group-iv-led-based-on-defect-enhanced-ge-53ddsm03jq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-room-temperature-characteristics-of-ge-deqd-leds-a-36ku30is.png Figure 2. Room-temperature characteristics of Ge-DEQD LEDs. (a) Current-dependent EL spectra for the LED with seven layers of embedded quantum dots at a heat-sink temperature of 22°C (295 K). The spectral peak position and width is typical of the Ge-DEQD system. The broken red line presents the emission spectrum of the Si reference diode without quantum dots at a driving current density of 10 kA/cm2. The spectral dips around 0.9 eV are identified as water absorption lines. (b) Electronic characteristics of the 7-layer LED in comparison to those of the Si reference. The black and blue curves show the low-current behavior of the DEQD LED and the reference, respectively, measured under cw operation. The red curve presents the high-current characteristics of the 7-layer LED under pulsed operation and at a temperature of 75°C (348 K) to compensate for the less pronounced device heating in comparison to the cw characteristics. The inset compares the roomtemperature light-current characteristics of the 7- and 3-layer LEDs, demonstrating the good scaling of the integral emission intensity with the number of incorporated dot layers. In black, the integral emission curve is presented for the reference diode, once more confirming the origin of the strong DEQD LED emission from quantum dot transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-temperature-dependence-of-the-deqd-el-spectra-at-a-2fa2702y.png Figure 4. Temperature-dependence of the DEQD EL spectra at a driving current density of 10 kA/cm2. (a) The spectrally resolved EL of the 7-layer LED is presented for a series of low temperatures controlled in a helium cryostat. At 10 K, a pronounced emission originating from bulk Si transitions is observed which is due to inefficient filling of the DEQD states. A temperature raise to 60 K results in a drastic increase in dot EL along with a quenching of the Si-related emission. A further rise in temperature leads to a broadening of the DEQD emission. (b) Spectral evolution of the 7-layer LED emission around and above room temperature in Peltier-controlled operation. A slow quenching of the DEQD EL is accompanied by a moderate spectral broadening. Note the robust LED operation at temperatures as high as 100°C (373 K) and high current densities of 10 kA/cm2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ge-deqd-band-scheme-and-led-device-layout-a-the-23yzxr0x.png Figure 1. Ge-DEQD band scheme and LED device layout. (a) The energy profiles of the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum are shown in the [001] growth direction for the studied dot system. The valence band offset between the Si matrix and the Ge dot leads to a strong confinement of holes in the dot, where a localized hole level is represented by the blue line. In contrast to conventional Ge dots, in DEQDs the localization of electrons relies on the introduction of split-[100] interstitial states deep within the Ge bandgap, which relax momentum conservation due to zerodimensional electron confinement. The latter enables efficient, spatially direct optical transitions. Both charge carrier types are provided in a forward-biased p-i-n diode structure. (b) The device geometry of the DEQD LEDs is illustrated. The frameshaped top contact metallization enables emission in surface normal direction. The integration of multiple dot layers in the intrinsic device region allows scaling of the active material volume. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-dependent-performance-of-the-7-layer-27c6ciwk.png Figure 3. Temperature-dependent performance of the 7- layer DEQD LED. The integral intensity at a driving current density of 10 kA/cm2 is shown as a function of the heat-sink temperature. Emission quenching sets in above 230 K, but the LED performs well up to at least 100°C (373 K). Note the strong increase in emission intensity between 10 and 60 K, which is related to an increase in filling efficiency of DEQD states. The inset shows light-current characteristics for a series of high temperatures, where only weak intensity saturation with increasing current is observed over the studied temperature range. https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-polarization-switching-and-2jzyeb99v2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-a-gfo-sro-sto-thin-film-3oggkpzl.png FIG. 1. X-ray diffraction patterns of a GFO/SRO/STO thin-film. (a) A h–2h scan of the GFO film, (b) a rocking curve of the GFO (040) peak, (c) u-scans of the GFO (042) and SRO (110) planes showing a six-fold symmetry for GFO and SRO. (d) The resultant in-plane possible orientations of GFO (0k0) cells on the STO (111) surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-piezoelectric-microscopic-results-of-the-gfo-sro-sto-o103wjqg.png FIG. 4. Piezoelectric microscopic results of the GFO/SRO/STO film. (a) Topography, (b) the amplitude image of the PFM scanning, and (c) the phase image of the PFM scanning. (d) A topographic image for the poling process. (e) A poling image which is corresponding to the topography in Fig. 4(e). (f) A cross-sectional line profile of the double poling area in the GFO/SRO/STO thin-film. The profile clearly shows the switching characteristics of the GFO layer. The þ10 V and 10 V poled regions show similar poling magnitude of the PFM response. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-polarization-vs-voltage-p-v-loops-of-the-gfo-sro-sto-38xdgr1h.png FIG. 5. Polarization vs. voltage (P-V) loops of the GFO/SRO/STO thin-film. (Film thickness¼ 200 nm) (a) Macroscopic P-V curves with Pt tip electrodes with different frequencies measured at room temperature. (b) Microscopic measurement with a Pt-coated tip. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-current-density-vs-electric-field-curves-of-the-gfo-2lubekp3.png FIG. 3. Current density vs. electric field curves of the GFO/SRO/STO film (in this work) and the GFO/ITO/YSZ film.12 Pt was used as top electrodes for the transport measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-temperature-dependent-out-of-plane-magnetization-of-2dmnqy5n.png FIG. 2. (a) Temperature dependent out-of-plane magnetization of the GFO/SRO/STO thin-film under 100 Oe. (b) Magnetization vs. magnetic field of the GFO/SRO/STO thin-film. (c) Temperature dependent in-plane magnetization of the GFO/SRO/STO thin-film under 100 Oe. (d) Magnetization vs magnetic field of the GFO/SRO/STO thin-film. https://scispace.com/papers/rope-from-the-rutten-cog-a-13th-century-seagoing-vessel-29oz4be66w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-calculated-composition-of-recent-hemp-bark-and-rope-hvrzwfd9.png Figure 7. Calculated composition of recent hemp bark and rope fragments, assuming constant ash content. (■): CS; (□): HC; (□): C; (ES): L; (□): Ash. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-pyrolysis-low-voltage-electron-impact-mass-spectra-2bkduom5.png Figure 8. Pyrolysis low voltage electron impact mass spectra of recent hemp bark, rope sample and milled wood lignin. The chemical structures in the first figure (fresh Cannabis) represent coniferyl (m/z 180) and sinapylalcohol (m/z 210) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-pyrolysis-ammonia-chemical-ionization-mass-spectrum-2m7tk05b.png Figure 9, Pyrolysis (ammonia) chemical ionization mass spectrum of the rope sample. The chemical structures represent ammoniated anhydroxylose (m/z 150), anhydrohexose {m/z 180), coniferyl and si na py laico hoi (m/z 163 and 193). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-a-lm-photograph-of-a-transverse-section-of-a-2jm5bhtb.png Figure 3 shows a LM -photograph of a transverse section of a rope fragment. One recognizes groups of thin walled polygonal cells lying close together, with out intercellular spaces. Between these groups of cells empty spaces or remnants of cell walls can be seen. Most of the polygonal cells show a dark spot in the centre (see further on). Comparing this thin section of the rope with that of a recent hemp bark (Figure 4), one immediately recognizes the resemblance between https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-drawing-of-the-three-production-step-rope-198i9wnl.png Figure 2. Schematic drawing of the three production step rope, A: yarn; B: strand; C: rope; D: transverse section of the rope. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lm-photograph-of-a-transverse-section-of-part-of-2pv4cmvg.png Figure 3 shows a LM -photograph of a transverse section of a rope fragment. One recognizes groups of thin walled polygonal cells lying close together, with out intercellular spaces. Between these groups of cells empty spaces or remnants of cell walls can be seen. Most of the polygonal cells show a dark spot in the centre (see further on). Comparing this thin section of the rope with that of a recent hemp bark (Figure 4), one immediately recognizes the resemblance between https://scispace.com/papers/root-pruning-reduces-root-competition-and-increases-crop-3qeev9c0ps 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-supplied-15n-that-was-taken-up-from-0-vclyrm0b.png Figure 2. Percentage of supplied 15N that was taken up from 0.15, 0.9 and 1.8 m soil depth. Different letters indicate significant differences between bars (p≤0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-aboveground-biomass-of-white-cabbage-grown-with-and-3lzbs72f.png Figure 1. Aboveground biomass of white cabbage grown with and without a living mulch. Different letters indicate significant differences between bars (p≤0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/rotating-starburst-cores-in-massive-galaxies-at-z-2-5-5bl4eh89d5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dust-continuum-sed-for-u4-16795-with-several-types-1lgsd41r.png Figure 4. Dust continuum SED for U4-16795 with several types of modified blackbody radiation models. The black points are the fluxes measured at PACS 160 μm, ALMA 870 μm, and 1.1 mm. The upper limit is given by the 5σ flux at ALMA 3 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-observed-position-velocity-diagrams-of-the-co-2xwgq62h.png Figure 3. Observed position–velocity diagrams of the CO spectra (left). The middle and right panels show the best-fit dynamical model and the residuals between the data and the model, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visibility-amplitudes-of-the-velocity-integrated-co-33qf45h5.png Figure 2. Visibility amplitudes of the velocity-integrated CO emission for U416795 (top) and U4-16504 (bottom). The blue solid line and the shaded region indicate the best-fitting model and the 1σ error, respectively. The red dashed line presents the best-fitting model of the 870 μm dust emission. The x-axis gives the circularized uv distance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-massive-galaxies-at-z-2-5-detected-in-the-co-j-3v1h39ay.png Figure 1. Two massive galaxies at z=2.5 detected in the CO = -J 3 2 line. From left to right: spatially averaged CO spectra; three-color images with HST/ F125W-, F160W-, and ALMA/870 μm-band (2 5×2 5), monochromatic images at F160W- and 870 μm-band with blue and red contours displaying blueshifted and redshifted CO components with a velocity width of 150 km s−1; CO velocity field with white contours indicating the velocity-integrated CO fluxes. The contours are plotted every s3 . Green and white dashed lines indicate the morphological major axis of 870 μm continuum emission and the kinematic major axis of CO, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/room-temperature-synthesis-of-porous-sio2-thin-films-by-5dbpbipl1y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-afm-images-of-dense-a-and-porous-b-sio2-thin-films-1bmo92df.png FIG. 4. AFM images of dense~a! and porous~b! SiO2 thin films prepared by PECVD. The films have a thickness of;100 nm. The porous layer has been prepared according to the protocol 20 nm CxOy :H1100 nm SiO2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-selected-adsorption-desorption-isotherms-of-toluene-9xxwioel.png FIG. 6. Selected adsorption/desorption isotherms of toluene vapor on porous thin films I1, I2, and I3~see text!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-permeability-p-mol-m21-s21-pa21-to-several-gases-of-3lv9f30n.png TABLE II. Permeability P (mol m21 s21 Pa21) to several gases of selected SiO2 membranes deposited on Anodisc 47 substrates. The ideal separation factor of the membranes for CH4 and CO2 , aCO2 CH4 is also included. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-evolution-of-the-amount-of-material-q-deposited-on-a-d8ul0jic.png FIG. 8. Evolution of the amount of material Q deposited on a quartz oscillator and detected with a QCM during deposition of the sacrificial organic layer and posterior deposition of the SiO2 thin film ~see text!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-xps-spectra-of-a-sacrificial-organic-layer-of-45-nm-35243asz.png FIG. 1. ~a! XPS spectra of a sacrificial organic layer of;45 nm thick and the film resulting from the deposition of a;220 nm SiO2 thin film on top it.~b! FTIR spectra for the same samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-micrographs-of-sio2-thin-films-with-increasing-2s8ngbns.png FIG. 2. SEM micrographs of SiO2 thin films with increasing porosities. The preparation protocols of samples A–F are reported in Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-proposed-scheme-for-the-deposition-process-of-a-porous-1r17ygz3.png FIG. 9. Proposed scheme for the deposition process of a porous SiO2 layer over a previously deposited sacrificial organic layer~see text!. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-preparation-protocols-of-selected-porous-sio2-pio3nxrv.png TABLE I. Preparation protocols of selected porous SiO2 samples. https://scispace.com/papers/rotational-temperatures-of-n2-c-0-and-oh-a-0-as-gas-4rvblax7i2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-device-g-generator-osc-oscilloscope-sp-3o2cnksv.png Figure 1. Experimental device. G- generator, Osc- oscilloscope, Sp- spectra recording position. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rotational-temperatures-of-n2-c-0-and-oh-a-0-as-a-2jizcjit.png Figure 4. Rotational temperatures of N2(C,0) and OH(A,0) as a function of power density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-and-calculated-rotational-spectra-a-n2-c-b-2f03ni35.png Figure 3. Measured and calculated rotational spectra. (a): N2(C-B, 0-0) transition; Ar / 0.5% O2 / N2; TRot=790 K; i=0.1A. Full-width at half maximum https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spectrum-of-ar-0-5-o2-n2-inset-spectra-of-ar-0-5-o2-2n9bcj5v.png Figure 2. Spectrum of Ar / 0.5% O2 / N2. Inset: spectra of Ar / 0.5% O2 and Ar / 0.5% O2 / N2 mixtures in wavelength range 300-400 nm. i =0.1 A. https://scispace.com/papers/routledge-handbook-of-strength-and-conditioning-sport-zu14mb81i2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-split-jerk-phases-3ehelzl7.png Figure 3 – Split jerk phases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-clean-phases-qaagfv7i.png Figure 2 – Clean phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-snatch-phases-39pz7383.png Figure 1 – Snatch phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-typical-shallow-s-bar-trajectory-displayed-in-the-xnsni6b1.png Figure 4 – Typical shallow “S” bar trajectory displayed in the snatch and the clean. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-key-terminology-and-definitions-for-programming-1mu63lwo.png Table 6 - Key terminology and definitions for programming. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-senior-and-junior-weight-class-categories-for-males-150fkr3p.png Table 1 – Senior and junior weight class categories for males and females. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-weightlifting-specific-exercises-1tpxg0l4.png Table 7 – Weightlifting specific exercises https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-foot-position-for-the-jerk-blue-displays-the-set-1ckfuc2v.png Figure 6 – Foot position for the jerk. Blue displays the set and red displays the catch. The arrows depicted represent the recovery steps for each foot. https://scispace.com/papers/routing-in-zigbee-benefits-from-exploiting-the-ieee-802-15-4-1ctcv7poxa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mean-delay-3ilnbsrn.png Fig. 5. Mean Delay https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-packet-loss-teve-60-s-1bsi5k04.png Fig. 2. Packet Loss, teve = 60 s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulation-scenario-black-points-represent-sensor-1lw53x95.png Fig. 1. Simulation scenario: black points represent sensor nodes and edges correspond to parent-child relationships https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-energy-distribution-in-hera-bl-3vrlx988.png Fig. 8. Energy distribution in HERA (BL) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-energy-distribution-in-aodv-bl-2eyhfh6f.png Fig. 7. Energy distribution in AODV (BL) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rreq-exchanged-by-aodv-with-teve-60-s-3f598fnn.png Fig. 4. RREQ exchanged by AODV with teve=60 s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-residual-energy-1bl1pv7k.png Fig. 6. Residual Energy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-packet-loss-teve-500-s-vwzysphn.png Fig. 3. Packet Loss, teve = 500 s https://scispace.com/papers/rovibrational-states-of-the-h2o-h2-complex-an-ab-initio-5pnfjayqw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-wave-functions-for-j-0-planar-geometries-r-6-30-a0-thc0d67x.png FIG. 3. Wave functions for J = 0, planar geometries, R = 6.30 a0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-rovibrational-levels-of-ph2o-ph2-in-cm-1-2pdv71fq.png TABLE II. Rovibrational levels of pH2O–pH2 (in cm−1), dissociation limit 0, D0 = 33.57 cm−1. All states have more than 99% character. The parity e/ f is the spectroscopic parity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-irreducible-representations-of-g8-quantum-numbers-ka-3b0gmowp.png TABLE I. Irreducible representations of G8, quantum numbers kA and jB relevant for symmetry, para/ortho (p/o) nature of the monomers in H2O–H2, and nuclear spin statistical weights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-rotational-and-distortion-constants-b-and-d-energy-1btcciuv.png TABLE VI. Rotational and distortion constants B and D, − energy gap, and Coriolis coupling constant β (in cm−1) from fits to the energy levels for J = 0–3 (see text). For the dimers with oH2O the lowest and levels are fit simultaneously with the inclusion of Coriolis coupling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-wave-functions-of-lowest-states-for-j-0-nonplanar-1gcpwqte.png FIG. 5. Wave functions of lowest states for J = 0, nonplanar geometries with βA = 119◦, γA = 0◦, βB = 90◦, and R = 6.30 a0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-rovibrational-levels-of-ph2o-oh2-in-cm-1-23mxk51w.png TABLE IV. Rovibrational levels of pH2O–oH2 (in cm−1), dissociation limit 118.6796 cm−1, and D0 = 53.60 cm−1. In parentheses the or character; if not indicated it is higher than 99%. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-rovibrational-levels-of-oh2o-ph2-in-cm-1-dwmko1ad.png TABLE III. Rovibrational levels of oH2O–pH2 (in cm−1), dissociation limit 23.7994 cm−1, and D0 = 36.63 cm−1. In parentheses the or character; if not indicated it is higher than 99%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-planar-equilibrium-geometry-of-h2o-h2-with-c2v-1n5t312p.png FIG. 1. (a) Planar equilibrium geometry of H2O–H2 with C2v symmetry. Distance between the centers of mass Re = 5.82 a0, binding energy De = 235.14 cm−1. (b) Metastable structure of H2O-H2 with βA = 119◦, γA = 0◦, βB = 90◦, α = 90◦, Re = 6.07 a0, and De = 199.40 cm−1. https://scispace.com/papers/rubik-efficient-threshold-queries-on-massive-time-series-cglr2c4lfm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rubik-splitting-the-example-cluster-in-two-steps-2yj3xy4h.png Figure 5: RUBIK splitting the example cluster in two steps. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-quadtree-built-by-rubik-in-main-memory-1xdsl7v1.png Figure 4: Example Quadtree built by RUBIK in main memory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-rubik-and-fastbit-index-sizes-left-execution-time-sp00w5tr.png Figure 14: RUBIK and FastBit index sizes (left), execution time (middle) and accuracy (right) depending on the number of bins (neuroscience dataset). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-rubik-and-fastbit-index-sizes-left-execution-time-2ypy1f9c.png Figure 13: RUBIK and FastBit index sizes (left), execution time (middle) and RUBIK execution time breakdown (right) depending on the number of time steps (neuroscience dataset). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-example-of-a-definite-result-left-and-a-potential-3mwanio0.png Figure 6: Example of a definite result (left) and a potential result (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-rubik-execution-time-breakdown-depending-on-the-14jddzgz.png Figure 11: RUBIK execution time breakdown depending on the number of time series (synthetic dataset). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-rubik-and-fastbit-index-sizes-left-and-query-3hzmi0f7.png Figure 12: RUBIK and FastBit index sizes (left) and query execution time (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-rubik-index-and-data-sizes-depending-on-the-number-2h69lmqo.png Figure 10: RUBIK index and data sizes depending on the number of time series (synthetic dataset). https://scispace.com/papers/ruin-probabilities-in-models-with-a-markov-chain-dependence-54lch9nvj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-paths-of-the-risk-process-when-l1-l2-1-l3-l4-4-5-th-33qc4xd6.png Figure 4: Paths of the risk process when λ1 = λ2 = 1, λ3 = λ4 = 4/5, θ = 100−1 and η = 80 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-paths-of-the-risk-process-when-l1-l2-1-l3-l4-4-5-th-20kghlwa.png Figure 3: Paths of the risk process when λ1 = λ2 = 1, λ3 = λ4 = 4/5, θ = 2 and η = 0.4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-paths-of-the-risk-process-when-l1-l2-1-l3-l4-4-5-th-1l0u6n2c.png Figure 1: Paths of the risk process when λ1 = λ2 = 1, λ3 = λ4 = 4/5, θ = 100 and η = 0.008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-paths-of-the-risk-process-when-the-claims-are-iid-1mo0qhqi.png Figure 2: Paths of the risk process when the claims are iid distributed with the invariant distribution of a process with λ1 = λ2 = 1, λ3 = λ4 = 4/5, θ = 100 and η = 0.008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-ruin-probability-absolute-values-2c1golte.png Figure 5: Comparison of the ruin probability (absolute values) of the Markov chain with λ1 = λ2 = 1, λ3 = λ4 = 4/5, θ = 2 and η = 0.4, and the corresponding process of independent Z with the invariant distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-ruin-probability-log10-of-the-3cq2mdzn.png Figure 6: Comparison of the ruin probability (− log10 of the values) of the Markov chain with λ1 = λ2 = 1, λ3 = λ4 = 4/5, θ = 2 and η = 0.4, and the corresponding process of independent Z with the invariant distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/run-time-management-of-energy-performance-trade-off-in-48e4xiabet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-generation-of-the-configurations-a-dag-description-2xave9uu.png Fig. 5: Generation of the configurations: a) DAG description, architectural assumptions and the results of the offline optimization framework, b) Extraction of each ONI configuration, c) Result of the ONI configurations, d) Configuration of each ONI with respect to the extraction configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-technological-parameters-1dmu52rh.png TABLE I: Technological parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-considered-3d-onoc-architecture-with-the-configuration-3jtsms82.png Fig. 1: Considered 3D ONoC architecture with the configuration sequencer located in the center of optical layer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-energy-performance-trade-off-variation-sd92qnmn.png TABLE II: Energy-performance trade-off variation possibilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sequence-diagram-detailing-the-interactions-between-2n0sdl7n.png Fig. 6: Sequence diagram detailing the interactions between the Operating Software, the ONoC configuration Sequencer, and ONIs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-performance-trade-off-a-application-represented-286nx9dr.png Fig. 2: Energy-performance trade-off: a) Application represented as a DAG, b) Energy versus Performance plot highlighting High Performance (HP) and Low Power (LP) modes, c-d) ONoC configuration sequence for HP mode and the resulting execution traces, e-f) ONoC configuration sequence of LP mode and the resulting traces. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-optical-network-interface-architecture-13yglnmp.png Fig. 3: Proposed Optical Network Interface architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-the-run-time-management-of-energy-1mi7l2ac.png Fig. 4: illustration of the run-time management of energy-performance trade-off: a) evolution of the performance durig operation, b) ONoC ONI’s configurations evolution in LP Mode. https://scispace.com/papers/running-couplings-for-the-simultaneous-decoupling-of-heavy-5da9h4qxf3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-leading-order-diagrams-for-heavy-quarks-h-to-decouple-nj377pjv.png Fig. 1. Leading-order diagrams for heavy quarks h to decouple from light quarks when the weak neutral current JZ μ5 is coupled to a nucleon at low momentum transfer. The gluon propagators (indicated by wavy lines) are dressed with multiple one-loop self-energy insertions. https://scispace.com/papers/runtime-verification-of-p4-switches-with-reinforcement-3knllpdx39 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-target-device-independent-bug-lftaabpi.png Figure 1: Example of a target device-independent bug. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-p4rl-systemworkflow-gs2f0mrs.png Figure 2: p4rl SystemWorkflow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-p4q-l3-layer-3-switch-example-sd0s929x.png Figure 4: p4q L3 (Layer 3) Switch Example. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reward-system-green-and-agent-yellow-interactions-cluuq9kr.png Figure 3: Reward System (green) and Agent (yellow) interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evaluation-results-2txk0xc0.png Figure 5: Evaluation Results https://scispace.com/papers/runoff-generation-in-a-degraded-andean-ecosystem-interaction-1mx3re8jdu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-rainfall-simulation-experiments-with-46o8654v.png Table 2 Summary of rainfall simulation experiments, with indication of their physical and chemical soil characteristics, vegetation cover (VC), textural class (SL=Sandy loam, SC=Silty clay, L=loam, SIL=Silt loam, CL=Clay loam, SCL=Sandy clay loam, SICL=Silty clay loam and C=Clay), antecedent moisture content (AMC), land use type (D=Degraded land, R=Rangeland, AR=Arable land and AB=Abandoned land) and lithology (ARG=Argillites, VA=Volcanic ash deposits, and AS=Argillaceous silt- and sandstone) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scatterplot-of-the-soil-organic-matter-content-against-2d1wnlqi.png Fig. 6. Scatterplot of the soil organic matter content against the surface vegetation cover for degraded land. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scatterplot-of-the-cumulative-runoff-coefficient-rc-3qqn9uzi.png Fig. 3. Scatterplot of the cumulative runoff coefficient (RC) against the surface vegetation cover for different land use types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pearson-correlation-coefficient-between-the-2lnl6w5h.png Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficient between the cumulative runoff coefficients and each one of the explanatory catchment variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-clay-mineralogy-of-the-dominant-lithologies-12vmk1ym.png Table 4 Clay mineralogy of the dominant lithologies (argillites, argillaceous sandstone/siltstone and volcanic deposits) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-study-area-in-the-southern-ecuadorian-3t6n8mp6.png Fig. 1. Location of the study area in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes. The location of each site where simulated rainfall experiments were conducted in the Jadan catchment is indicated by a black dot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rainfall-runoff-response-expressed-by-the-cumulative-184oa9o5.png Fig. 4. Rainfall runoff response, expressed by the cumulative runoff coefficient (RC, i.e. the percentage of the total rainfall that appears as surface runoff), for different (A) land use types and (B) lithologies. In the box-and-whisker diagrams, the central rectangle spans the first quartile to the third quartile; the segment inside the rectangle shows the median and the whiskers above and below the box show the locations of the minimum and maximum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-plot-layout-and-design-of-the-rainfall-simulator-33crz5ec.png Fig. 2. (A) Plot layout and design of the rainfall simulator (after Poesen et al., 1995), 1: Nozzle Lechler 460.788 (36 mm/h), 2: Manometer 0–1 bar, Control valve, and Flowmeter Heinrichs 100–1000 l/h, 3: Water pump, 4: Water container 1 m3, 5: Horizontal mast containing the nozzle. (B) Rainfall simulation experiment in the field. https://scispace.com/papers/rural-california-by-e-j-wickson-2vo6d1b5at 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-543940-386024-peach-10708395-98040-3-pear-2168198-1p4w9ekp.png Fig 543,940 386,024 Peach 10,708,395 980,40~3 Pear 2,168,198 1,098,668 Plum 1,133,145 261,553 Prune 11,829,832 3,329,634 Lemon 2,212,883 531,253 Olive 1,150,059 353,199 Orange 9,878,635 1,490,826 Pomelo 143,423 149,802 Almond 2,711,550 1,872,387 Walnut 1,173,123 381,068 https://scispace.com/papers/rvc-cal-dataflow-implementations-of-mpeg-avc-h-264-cabac-47btdlt301 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-orcc-framework-1n85ha31.png Figure 3. ORCC Framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conformance-sequences-supported-by-the-bin-by-bin-1nle8v6e.png Table 2. Conformance sequences supported by the Bin By Bin RVC-CAL implementation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-decoding-decision-flowchart-in-the-h-264-avc-2ctb42wc.png Figure 10. Decoding Decision flowchart in the H.264/AVC standard. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-part-of-the-coeff-abs-level-minus1-se-de-2v73i5ms.png Figure 9. A part of the coeff abs level minus1 SE de-binarization procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rvc-framework-umbb2s9r.png Figure 1. RVC Framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-decoding-decision-action-written-in-rvc-cal-1cie7t7r.png Figure 11. Decoding Decision action written in RVC-CAL. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-decoding-decision-action-written-in-c-from-the-jm-1d66c6p0.png Figure 12. Decoding Decision action written in C from the JM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-dataflow-model-for-the-h-264-avc-parser-35e4n0ek.png Figure 13. A DataFlow model for the H.264/AVC Parser https://scispace.com/papers/s-2-move-smart-and-social-move-3blkdf8h8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-macro-functional-components-of-the-s2-move-31pespdw.png Fig. 1. The macro functional components of the S2-MOVE platform. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-s2-move-string-stable-behavior-1tqbedtp.png Fig. 4. S2-MOVE String Stable behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-s2-move-cacc-performances-in-a-classic-urban-scenario-wql77ivj.png Fig. 5. S2-MOVE CACC performances in a classic urban scenario: numerical results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-s2-move-onboard-vehicle-control-architecture-20-m99jf25p.png Fig. 3. S2-MOVE onboard vehicle control architecture [20]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-s2-move-fleet-of-vehicles-lt2w992l.png Fig. 2. S2-MOVE fleet of vehicles. https://scispace.com/papers/s-adenosyl-methionine-sam-e-for-depression-in-adults-3huvcwu1vy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-graph-review-authors-judgements-about-34afu4yu.png Figure 2. Risk of bias graph: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2zj7b7aq.png Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-risk-of-bias-summary-review-authors-judgements-2mi30yd0.png Figure 3. Risk of bias summary: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study. https://scispace.com/papers/s-manage-protocol-for-software-defined-iot-570z2o84a9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-s-manage-packet-header-1dhr9wtq.png Fig. 2: S-MANAGE packet header. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-configuring-table-status-before-configuration-10lklgik.png Fig. 8: Configuring table status before configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-sensor-service-status-before-configuration-3eqcpne9.png Fig. 10: Sensor service status before configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-configuring-table-structure-j5hwk8g6.png Fig. 4: Configuring table structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-implementation-prototype-77onum9y.png Fig. 5: Implementation prototype https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-sensor-service-status-after-configuration-2frv50mt.png Fig. 11: Sensor service status after configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-forwarding-table-status-before-configuration-1dqs2oox.png Fig. 6: Forwarding table status before configuration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-forwarding-table-status-after-configuration-1hrt9649.png Fig. 7: Forwarding table status after configuration https://scispace.com/papers/safe-efficacy-of-three-strychnine-alkaloid-bait-1a5dvkv887 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-strychnine-percent-mortality-b-a-d-un-ienbl-rqunre5-15p1vj75.png Table I Strychnine percent mortality b a d un Ienbl-rqunre5 ( L S ) mcan rebidties in the carcasxs of plain5 pockct gophers follo\\ing hand-bait~ng \\ith O.Ono. 0.3511,. 075"o. or 1 30"" coiiceiltrarioiis of \tr)chiiine alkaloid hait https://scispace.com/papers/safety-assessment-of-a-novel-c-type-natriuretic-peptide-vl3j3vrxzi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-asb20123-on-the-body-length-a-cpk-activity-1hwp5azc.png Fig 3. Effects of ASB20123 on the body length (A), CPK activity (B), ALP and ALP-isozyme fraction activity (C), and osteocalcin value (D) in rats treated subcutaneously for 4 weeks in study 1. Each value represents the mean ± SD of 5 rats, � P< 0.05, �� P< 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated group by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bmd-of-both-the-cortical-and-trabecular-bone-in-the-bo1ia2bv.png Fig 5. BMD of both the cortical and trabecular bone in the femurs of rats treated subcutaneously with ASB20123 for 4 weeks followed by 13 weeks recovery period in study 3. (A) At the end of administration period. (B) At the end of recovery period. Each value represents the mean ± SD of 5 rats, �� P< 0.01, � P< 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated group by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-histopathological-findings-in-the-femur-and-tibia-in-2t7t5t0r.png Table 1. Histopathological findings in the femur and tibia in study 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-correlation-between-bone-and-cartilage-toxicity-29glzcq1.png Fig 4. The correlation between bone and cartilage toxicity and several parameters in study 3. The thickness of the epiphyseal plate of the femur (A), body length (B), and bone length of the femur (C). The BMD of the cortical bone (D) and trabecular bone (E) in the femurs is shown. Bone toxicity observed in each animal is shown in the colored circle, the open circle represents no toxicity, orange indicates slight toxicity, and red indicates severe toxicity. Each bar represents the mean of 5 rats. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bmd-of-both-the-cortical-and-trabecular-bone-in-the-2lixlkl1.png Fig 1. BMD of both the cortical and trabecular bone in the femurs of male (A) and female (B) rats treated subcutaneously with ASB20123 for 4 weeks in study 1. Each value represents the mean ± SD of 5 rats, �� P< 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated group by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representative-histopathological-findings-in-the-27y2ph8c.png Fig 2. Representative histopathological findings in the proximal femoral bone in rats in study 1. (A) Vehicle group (× 40). (B) Vehicle group (× 100). (C) 0.5 mg/kg/day group (× 40). (D) 0.5 mg/kg/day group (× 100). Bidirectional arrows indicate the width of the epiphyseal plate. Arrows indicate the necrosis of cartilage/osseous tissues. Scale bars represent 200 μm. https://scispace.com/papers/safety-of-elvitegravir-cobicistat-emtricitabine-and-3b44wtxw5m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adverse-events-2x547g12.png Table 2: Adverse events https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-3tegidns.png Table 1: Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-virological-outcomes-at-weeks-24-and-48-1nzs23mx.png Table 4: Virological outcomes at weeks 24 and 48 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-steady-state-plasma-pharmacokinetic-parameters-in-1r0odgtk.png Table 3: Steady-state plasma pharmacokinetic parameters in adults with end-stage renal disease or healthy renal function https://scispace.com/papers/safety-of-probiotics-and-synbiotics-in-children-under-18-1r2aoe91uf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-of-allocated-and-analysed-participants-in-6uy9z7om.png Figure 5. Frequency of allocated and analysed participants in the treatment and control arm for each health condition. https://scispace.com/papers/sainfoin-for-western-canada-ykv62yexos 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spring-vigor-height-at-time-of-cutting-and-regrowth-3eq5q27x.png Table 3 Spring vigor, height at time of cutting, and regrowth after cutting of sainfoin cultivars at various locations in western Canada https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-forage-yield-of-sainfoin-and-alfalfa-cult-ivars-at-k-1r3oeodl.png Table 1 Forage yield of sainfoin and alfalfa cult ivars at K) dryland and 4 irrigated locations in western Canada. L967-1976 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-seed-yield-of-melrose-and-eski-sainfoin-at-six-30bspj73.png Table 2 Seed yield of Melrose and Eski sainfoin at six dryland locations in western Canada, 1967-1976 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-row-spacings-and-seeding-rates-for-sainfoin-grown-3nw8diwu.png Table 6 Row spacings and seeding rates for sainfoin grown for various purposes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-seed-yields-of-sainfoin-cultivars-in-four-trials-at-174ajr12.png Table 5 Seed yields of sainfoin cultivars in four trials at four locations, 1977-1979 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-effect-of-stage-of-growth-at-time-of-first-1ez3wbb9.png Table 8 The effect of stage of growth at time of first cutting on forage yield of irrigated sainfoin at Lethbridge, 1969 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-forage-yields-of-sainfoin-cultivars-in-nine-trials-2hlnrg0k.png Table 4 Forage yields of sainfoin cultivars in nine trials at seven locations on dryland, 1975-1979 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-forage-yields-of-sainfoin-alfalfa-and-mixtures-with-284evsdi.png Table 7 Forage yields of sainfoin, alfalfa, and mixtures with three grasses on dry land at Lethbridge, 1967-1971 https://scispace.com/papers/salicylaldehyde-hydrazones-buttressing-of-outer-sphere-1hn5urtenz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-x-ray-crystal-structures-of-the-free-ligands-l6-and-2g1qaui7.png Figure 4. X-ray crystal structures of the free ligands L6 and L10 with hydrogen bond distances/Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-imino-enol-and-amino-keto-tautomers-of-the-1hsxq8j3.png Figure 5 Imino-enol and amino-keto tautomers of the structurally related salicylaldoximes (O1-O5), N-methylhydrazones (L1-L5) and N-phenylhydrazones (L6-L10). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-copper-loading-of-l1-l5-after-contacting-0-005-m-26xrut6v.png Figure 10 Copper loading of L1-L5 after contacting 0.005 M chloroform solutions of [Cu(L-H)2] with an equal volume 0.01 M Na2SO4 aqueous solutions of various acidities. The pH0.5 values of the oxime analogues O1-O5 are also listed. a For [Cu(L3-H)2], 0.0005 M chloroform solutions were used due to the limited solubility. b Value for the 5-t-octyl-substituted analogue as O4 and its copper complex have insufficient solubility to allow the experiment to be conducted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ph-dependent-complexation-of-copper-ii-by-37mex7g7.png Figure 1 The pH-dependent complexation of copper(II) by phenolic oxime extractants https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-shifts-of-the-phenolic-hydrazone-and-oxime-3dr5c4qa.png Table 1 Chemical shifts of the phenolic hydrazone and oxime protons of L1-L10 and O1O5 in DMSO-d6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-e-and-z-isomers-of-the-3-nitrosubstituted-3lo0uxfg.png Figure 6 The E and Z isomers of the 3-nitrosubstituted ligands L3, L8 and O3 in which ZH = MeNH, PhNH and OH https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bond-lengths-a-and-angles-in-the-inner-coordination-3ct1x3ax.png Table 2 Bond lengths/Å and angles/ in the inner coordination spheres of the [Cu(L1-H)2] and [Cu(L5-H)2] compared with those in [Cu(O1-H)2]. a In all complexes the CuII atom lies on an inversion centre. b The mean distance of the donor N and O atoms from their centroid. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-calculated-structure-of-cu-l1-h-2-showing-the-2pn8643n.png Figure 11 The calculated structure of [Cu(L1-H)2] showing the displacement of the NNHMe uits from the coordination plane. https://scispace.com/papers/saline-groundwater-evolution-in-luanhe-river-delta-china-3yszez1opk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relationship-between-cl-and-d18o-of-different-water-29qy0a3o.png Fig. 9 Relationship between Cl and δ18O of different water samples as means to various mixing14 processes in the Luanhe River Delta. The symbols are same as Fig. 6. The green area is assumed15 freshening zone, and the purple area is assumed salinization zone.16 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schoeller-diagram-of-various-water-samples-2-the-33e8492b.png Fig. 6 Schoeller diagram of various water samples.2 The PHREEQC code (Parkurst and Appelo, 2013) was used to measure and plot the3 theoretical seawater-freshwater mixing line (“mixing line”) and seawater evaporation4 line (“evaporation line”) using hydrogeochemical modeling. Using both simulation5 effects as references to groundwater hydrochemical characteristics (Figs. 7 and 8),6 which could help to distinguish the sources of groundwater salinity. For the Na-Cl7 (Fig. 7a), Mg-Cl (Fig. 7b), and Br-Cl (Fig. 8a) diagrams, whose measured brackish,8 saline and brine groundwater samples fit quite well to modeling mixing lines and9 evaporation lines follow linear trends from the least to the most saline. This would10 strongly demonstrate that, the salinity of salinization groundwater mainly originates11 from seawater or, the CSW which is subject to evaporated seawater. In contrast, the12 samples deviate from the modeling lines (Fig. 7c and 7d), indicating that there may be13 other hydrogeochemical processes responsible for the modified ionic compositions: (1)14 Due to reach saturation, there were loss of ions follow mineral precipitation such as15 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-hydrochemical-relationship-between-cl-and-major-ions-4tv57iu7.png Fig. 7 Hydrochemical relationship between Cl and major ions of measured samples and simulated11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-location-map-of-study-area-also-shown-are-the-or0p7mja.png Fig. 1. (a) Location map of study area. Also shown are the sampling site and published cores in the2 Luanhe River Delta. Cores LT05, HCZ, BXZK01, BXZK02 and BXZK03 were cited from He et3 al. (2020); Cores NP05, NP03, DY01, DQ03, DQ04, DY02, MT04, BG07, FB01, A02 and TH044 were cited from Xu et al. (2020); Core LQZ04 was cited from Cheng et al. (2020); Core FG01 was5 cited from Xu et al. (2011); Core Bai03 was cited from Li and Wang. (1983); Core HCZ was cited6 from Peng et al. (1981). (b) Hydrogeological cross-section (A-A’ in Fig. 1a) of study area,7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-14c-measured-value-and-corrected-ages-of-groundwater-snntlrnh.png Table 2 14C measured value and corrected ages of groundwater samples in the Luanhe River Delta.8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-14c-activity-with-sampling-depth-in-groundwater-7-2p2j1lm9.png Fig. 5 14C activity with sampling depth in groundwater.7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stable-isotope-compositions-of-different-water-samples-3cgsijqu.png Fig. 4 Stable isotope compositions of different water samples. Seawater mixing line: mixing9 between deep fresh groundwater and seawater; CSW mixing line: mixing between deep fresh10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-saline-groundwater-evolution-processes-in-study-73uhmb6o.png Table 3 Saline groundwater evolution processes in study area1 https://scispace.com/papers/salt-reduction-in-a-model-high-salt-akawi-cheese-effects-on-tvtbmqciu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitory-activity-3vh8wy1f.png Figure 4–Angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitory activity of WSE of cheeses as affected by NaCl reduction and substitution with KCl during 30 d storage at 4 °C. aBrine Solutions: 10% NaCl (A); 7.5% NaCl (B); 7.5% NaCl+KCl (1:1) (C); 5% NaCl (D); 5% NaCl+KCl (1:1) (E). ∗Means within a storage period are significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control (batch A).Values are means ± SE (n 3). WSE, water soluble extract. https://scispace.com/papers/salt-tolerant-genes-from-halophytes-are-potential-key-2kebzrb86y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-estimation-of-various-halophyte-genes-studied-in-model-2amb8jox.png Fig. 2. Estimation of various halophyte genes studied in model and crop species*. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-differences-between-halophytes-and-glycophytes-in-2kqe3vbv.png Table 3 Differences between halophytes and glycophytes in salinity tolerance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-salt-tolerance-mechanism-qvhbc6er.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of salt tolerance mechanism in a classical halophyte cell. SOS—salt overly sensitive, NHX—sodium/proton antiporters, PM-ATPase—plasma membrane ATPase, V-ATPase—vacuolar H ATPase, V-PPase—vacuolar pyrophosphatase, HKT—high affinity potassium transporter, HAK—high affinity K+ transporter, AKT—Arabidopsis K+ Transporter, ROS—reactive oxygen species, RCD—radical induced cell death1, NDPK2—nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2, MAPKs—mitogen-activated protein kinases, APX—ascorbate peroxidase, SOD—superoxide dismutase, MDAR—mono dehydro ascorbate reductase, MDA—monodehydroascorbate, ASA—ascorbate, DHA—dehydroascorbate, DAR—dehydroascorbate reductase, NADP—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, ATP—adenosine tryphosphate, ADP—adenosine diphosphate, PPiinorganic phosphate, PSI—photosystem 1, PSII—photosystem II, Cytb6—cytochrome b6, PC— plasto cyanin, PQ—plasto quinone, ABA—abscisic acid, DREB—dehydration responsive element binding, NAC ((no apical meristem (NAM) Arabidopsis thaliana transcription activation factor (ATAF1/2) and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC2)), DRE/CRT—dehydration responsive element/C-repeat, NACRS—NAC recognition site, mRNA—messenger RNA, Rboh—respiratory burst oxidase homolog, NSCC—non selective cation channels, GORK—guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel, SKOR—stelar K+ outward rectifying channel, T.F—transcription factor, SV—slow activating channel, FV—fast activating channel, Genes in incomplete boxes indicates not isolated/studied in halophytes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-the-transporters-antiporters-and-assisted-14eaz4bt.png Table 1 List of the transporters, antiporters and assisted genes from halophytes involved in salt tolerance mechanism. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-e6ur835y.png Table 3 Differences between halophytes and glycophytes in salinity tolerance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-the-miscellaneous-genes-from-halophytes-2fou6gv8.png Table 2 List of the miscellaneous genes from halophytes involved in salt tolerance mechanism. https://scispace.com/papers/sample-displacement-correction-for-whole-pattern-profile-22hoh8jnhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-peak-shift-due-to-sample-displacement-in-debye-2hk6mtam.png Figure 4 Peak shift due to sample displacement in Debye–Scherrer geometry. The sample, S, can be displaced from the origin, O, in a direction either (a) parallel or (b) perpendicular to the incident beam, resulting in the diffraction peak shifting fromO0 to S0. The effective diffraction angles are 2 for a parallel displacement and 2 + for a perpendicular displacement. The detector radius is given by R. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parts-of-two-diffraction-patterns-for-natrojarosite-2ekowobu.png Figure 3 Parts of two diffraction patterns for natrojarosite, collected ex situ in a 0.3 mm capillary (black, lower), and in situ in a 1 mm capillary (grey, upper, offset for clarity) prepared at 368 K. An example of the peak splitting due to sample displacement across the capillary is indicated by the arrows. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-diagram-showing-a-capillary-reaction-3u3nf0pl.png Figure 2 Schematic diagram showing a capillary reaction vessel with oriented crystallites lining its internal wall. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-parts-of-the-rietveld-fitted-diffraction-patterns-3c2afe0b.png Figure 8 Parts of the Rietveld-fitted diffraction patterns for brucite coated onto a 1.5 mm capillary. The symbols are the experimental points and the lines correspond to the calculated patterns. The grey lines correspond to a model for which a single (equal and opposite) horizontal displacement value has been refined, and the black lines show the results of the reflection-dependent displacement correction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-parts-of-the-rietveld-fitted-diffraction-patterns-v7tv876e.png Figure 9 Parts of the Rietveld-fitted diffraction patterns for natrojarosite formed in situ in a 1 mm capillary at 368 K. The symbols are the experimental points and the lines correspond to the calculated patterns. The grey lines correspond to a model for which the horizontal displacement is not corrected, and the black lines show the results of the displacement correction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-sample-environment-for-the-in-situ-1blboc5u.png Figure 1 The sample environment for the in situ crystallization experiments, showing (A) the oscillation device for the sample stage, (B) the pressure line, (C) the Swagelock sample stage, (D) the goniometer head holding the sample stage, (E) the capillary reaction vessel, (F) the thermocouple and (G) the hot-air blower. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-brucite-morphology-showing-the-flat-hexagonal-1109mvdd.png Figure 5 Brucite morphology, showing the flat hexagonal plates which lead to preferred orientation along the [00l] direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-111-reflection-of-brucite-collected-from-2iy4uqo6.png Figure 6 The 111 reflection of brucite, collected from samples coated onto 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 mm capillaries and one 0.3 mm capillary packed with powder, showing the evolution of peak splitting with sample displacement. https://scispace.com/papers/sample-pre-concentration-on-a-digital-microfluidic-platform-4wagewaueu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-the-procedure-used-to-determine-antibiotic-wcl9510i.png Figure 7: (A) The procedure used to determine antibiotic resistance in bacteria on the DMF platform. (B) Time lapse images showing RPA amplification in 270nL droplets. 1.7x105 cfu/mL is spiked into urine and processed as shown in Figure 2. (C, D) RPA amplification curve for two different bacteria concentrations in urine from two healthy volunteers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-time-lapse-images-showing-rpa-amplification-for-djmyoasc.png Figure 6: (A) Time lapse images showing RPA amplification for 270nL volume droplets processed on the DMF platform. Purified plasmid DNA was loaded directly onto reservoir electrodes, dispensed and mixed with RPA reagents using a custom programmed sequence. (B) RPA amplification curve for the image shown in (A). Each reaction droplet contained 800 copies of DNA (C) RPA amplification curves for purified DNA loaded directly on reservoir electrodes. (D) TTP with respect to DNA concentration. Data is average of replicates shown in Fig 6C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-rpa-amplification-curves-for-dna-extracted-from-2eekzvpz.png Figure 5: (A) RPA amplification curves for DNA extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 13443 using the benchtop protocol shown in Figure 1. (B) Plot of time to positivity (TTP) vs log10 bacteria concentration. Data from duplicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-effect-of-the-addition-of-unfiltered-urine-to-the-14q8zypw.png Figure 4: (A) Effect of the addition of unfiltered urine to the RPA reaction mixture (1:50 dilution) plotted as a change in TTP compared with the mean TTP of the positive control (purified K. Pneumonia plasmid DNA, 90,000 copies). The DNA was added to RPA reaction mix prepared as per manufacturer’s recommendation, except that the 1 µL of nuclease free water is replaced by urine. Data from duplicates. (B) Capture efficiency of plasmid DNA onto the beads at different concentrations of GuHCl in PBS and urine, quantified as a change in TTP compared with the positive control. Purified plasmid DNA (90,000 copies) was added to either phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or urine containing different concentration of GuHCl and captured on 2.5 µL of magnetic beads. Plasmid was eluted into 5µL of elution buffer. Experiments were performed using the protocol shown in Figure 1A. Data from duplicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-workflow-for-11jxcm4c.png Figure 1 Schematic representation of the workflow for benchtop RPA assay on urine spiked with Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 13443. (1) Unfiltered urine sample is spiked with bacteria and GuHCl added to a final concentration of 3M in the sample (total sample volume = 1mL). (2) Magnesil Red beads (2.5 µL) are added and the sample incubated at 90o C for 10 minutes. (3a) Sample is cooled to room temperature. (4) Beads are concentrated in a pellet at the bottom of tube and 950 µL of supernatant removed. (5) 100 µL of dodecane is added. (6) Beads are pulled through oil phase to avoid carry over of inhibitors. Remaining solution in the tube is removed and (7) the bead pellet is suspended in 5 µL of elution buffer to elute plasmid from the beads. (8) Beads are pelleted on the sidewall and the entire volume of eluate is used in benchtop RPA. For the DMF system, the assay is the same except that the sample is introduced to the device at point (3b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-additional-heat-lysis-step-on-plasmid-3hsjrjbb.png Table 1: Effect of additional heat lysis step on plasmid extraction. Klebsiella pneumoniae was spiked into urine containing either 5M or 3M GuHCl and 2.5 µL of magnetic bead suspension. The sample was either used directly or heated. Plasmids were eluted into 5µL of elution buffer. Experiments performed on benchtop using protocols shown in Figure 1A. Data from duplicates. *no amplification in replicate. ** no amplification in both replicates. https://scispace.com/papers/sampling-and-determination-of-metal-hydrides-by-solid-phase-3hzr5sjgpz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-for-spme-td-icp-ms-3jnixezp.png Table 1 Experimental conditions for SPME-TD-ICP-MS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-detection-limits-for-various-hydride-lsax7t7m.png Table 4 Comparison of detection limits for various hydride generation systems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-carrier-gas-ow-rate-on-signal-intensity-the-2zp5mvx3.png Fig. 1 Effect of carrier gas ¯ow rate on signal intensity. The experiment was conducted at room temperature using a 100 mg L21 multi-element standard solution. Response was normalized to the most intense signal from each element: à75Asz, %82Sez, #120Snz, ©121Sbz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-figures-of-merit-2w3hb33g.png Table 2 Figures of merit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transient-signals-arising-from-desorption-of-arsenic-2k4mixhq.png Fig. 5 Transient signals arising from desorption of arsenic hydride from a Carboxen and PDMS coated ®ber. (Based on response from 75Asz.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-sodium-borohydride-concentration-in-the-r-1l3x9s9l.png Fig. 3 Effect of sodium borohydride concentration (in the ®nal solution) on analyte signal intensity. The experiment was conducted at room temperature using a 100 mg L21 multi-element standard solution. Response was normalized to the most intense signal from each element: à75Asz, %82Sez, ©120Snz, 6121Sbz. https://scispace.com/papers/sample-refreshment-schemes-for-high-repetition-rate-fel-18uk02cvjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-pulse-structure-of-the-european-xfel-facility-2f5c5l53.png Figure 1. The pulse structure of the European XFEL Facility. Electron bunches will be acellerated in bunch trains of up to 2.700 bunches with a bunch separation corresponding to 4.5 MHz. The bunch trains will be produced with a 10 Hz repetition rate. (Figure from European XFEL2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-repetition-rate-of-xfel-sources-1nrrqvyk.png Table 1. Repetition rate of XFEL sources https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-delivery-by-native-mass-spectrometry-ms-a-322wt9j5.png Figure 2. Sample delivery by native mass spectrometry (MS). A) Ionized samples are commonly produced by electrospray ionization (ESI). This method creates small droplets by Coulomb explosion from a shrinking droplet. B)Mass spectrum of hepatitis B virus capsids40,42 showing intermediates of the assembly process below m/z 8,000. The left inset shows the selection of a hexameric precursor in the quadrupole (Q) and its identification by subsequent CID. Furthermore, the samples can be shape selected as demonstrated for the 18+ hexamer, which overlaps with the tetramer. C) Scheme of the planned MS setup optimized for XFEL imaging. The interaction with the X-ray from the XFEL is located behind or in an electromagnetic ion-trap. A quadrupole mass selector can assure the selectivity of the injector for a well defined sample. The inset exemplifies this process on a capsid assembly reaction. https://scispace.com/papers/sampling-bias-in-climate-conflict-research-5g3ppx78t6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-frequency-of-mentions-of-continents-in-the-climate-22tdxvte.png Figure 1: Frequency of mentions of continents in the climate-conflict literature per year https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-countries-most-often-mentioned-in-climate-conflict-ozsrtyw5.png Table 2: Countries most often mentioned in climate-conflict literature and countries with most battle-related deaths (bold countries occur in both lists) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-countries-most-often-mentioned-in-the-climate-2w19nsc6.png Table 3: Countries most often mentioned in the climate-conflict literature compared to countries most exposed to and at risk from climate change https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-the-frequency-of-mentions-in-the-climate-2p3jbtvr.png Figure 2: Changes in the frequency of mentions in the climate-conflict literature depending on country characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-most-frequently-mentioned-continents-and-world-2bwf4edi.png Table 1: Most frequently mentioned continents and world regions in climate-conflict publications https://scispace.com/papers/sand-resources-on-the-inner-continental-shelf-off-the-1fh087ofz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-1-parts-of-seismic-reflection-profile-lines-shown-iw2l2y0l.png Figure C-1. Parts of seismic reflection profile lines shown in this appendix; Little Egg Harbor area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-promising-core-sites-11av9c2x.png Table 5. Promising core sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-map-of-the-little-egg-inlet-shelf-area-showing-2zyiwv7r.png Figure 9. Map of the Little Egg Inlet shelf area showing shoal areas having the highest potential for sand suitable for beach https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-central-new-jersey-study-area-1qi6kh2j.png Figure 1. Central New Jersey study area. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grain-size-scales-soil-classification-modified-from-eaxiv8yk.png Table 1. Grain-size scales—soil classification (modified from U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-location-of-seismic-reflection-profiles-and-68o8i7nr.png Figure 3. Location of seismic reflection profiles and vibratory cores in the study area from Ship Bottom to Atlantic https://scispace.com/papers/sarcasm-detection-on-indonesian-twitter-feeds-wjn1ncv8e2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-tweet-preprocessing-12d5ly0l.png TABLE II. TWEET PREPROCESSING https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-sarcasm-detection-result-combination-1-r7yx9cdb.png TABLE IV. SARCASM DETECTION RESULT – COMBINATION 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-sarcasm-detection-technique-combination-36p2vf7q.png TABLE I. SARCASM DETECTION TECHNIQUE COMBINATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sentiment-analysis-result-2xc4mnsl.png TABLE III. SENTIMENT ANALYSIS RESULT https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-levelled-method-in-sentiment-analysis-2-21y10aan.png Fig. 1. Levelled method in sentiment analysis [2] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sarcasm-detection-phases-2wz4rby3.png Fig. 2. Sarcasm detection phases https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-sarcasm-detection-result-combination-2-35itng5n.png TABLE V. SARCASM DETECTION RESULT – COMBINATION 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-f-measure-of-combination-1-and-combination-2-1nexkoyo.png Fig. 3. f-measure of combination 1 and combination 2 https://scispace.com/papers/sandia-national-laboratories-advanced-simulation-and-fgz1a5z1tx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-asc-sqe-practice-areas-1jb87ltf.png Figure 2. ASC SQE Practice Areas. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-software-quality-plan-artifacts-ofnoukdh.png Table 8. Software Quality Plan Artifacts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stakeholder-expectations-28h4xt96.png Table 2. Stakeholder Expectations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-aqmc-implementation-expectations-based-upon-36zm1zyn.png Table 4. AQMC Implementation Expectations Based upon Determined Level of Formality. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asc-software-quality-plan-roles-and-responsibilities-1re3g4i2.png Table 1. ASC Software Quality Plan Roles and Responsibilities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-software-quality-plan-practices-1xfdaqkb.png Table 7. Software Quality Plan Practices. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rules-of-thumb-for-level-of-formality-1767lghj.png Table 5. Rules of Thumb for Level of Formality. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-of-drivers-software-quality-plan-and-t98tb6bt.png Figure 1. Relationship of Drivers, Software Quality Plan and Project Implementations. https://scispace.com/papers/sar-image-data-compression-using-a-tree-structured-wavelet-2b3qfki3d5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tree-structured-wavelet-decomposition-of-a-single-look-1i7tjf82.png Fig. 1. Tree-structured wavelet decomposition of a single-look airborne radar image. Referring to the tree structure, the node (0,0) represents thelogarithm of the original image, and we refer to it as the "lowest" level. The top row of subimages correspond to nodes (3,0), (3,1), (2,1), (2,4), and (2,5) of the tree structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-oftarget-height-preservation-at-0-2-bp-10zki7ax.png TABLE I COMPARISON OFTARGET HEIGHT PRESERVATION AT 0.2 bp https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-compression-filtering-results-at-0-2-bpp-16grjx87.png Fig. 4. Comparison of compression/filtering results at 0.2 bpp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-compression-filtering-results-at-1-0-bpp-2uzbuzfc.png Fig. 3. Comparison of compression/filtering results at 1.0 bpp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-block-diagram-of-the-modified-spiht-coding-scheme-t6lyqsfd.png Fig. 2. Block diagram of the modified SPIHT coding scheme, incorporating speckle reduction. The quadtree decomposition to separate the homogeneousand target areas is applied only to the LL subimage of the lowest level, often referred to as the “approximation” subimage. https://scispace.com/papers/satisfiability-allows-no-nontrivial-sparsification-unless-3f0ahfqufn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-connected-component-c-that-might-remain-after-1s2mw6lt.png Figure 3: Connected component C ′ that might remain after removing a vertex cover S of G from G′, centered around a vertex c that has degree 3 in G and does not belong to S. (a) Näıve construction. (b) Final construction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-placement-of-one-of-the-kis-b-triangle-on-3fd7rcdg.png Figure 1: (a) The placement of one of the Ki’s. (b) Triangle on three consecutive abscissae. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-replacement-of-an-edge-e-u-v-in-the-transformation-3tgewnwz.png Figure 2: Replacement of an edge e = {u, v} in the transformation from G to G′ in the proof of Lemma 6. (a) Feedback Vertex Set. (b) Bounded-Degree Deletion. (c) The general case. https://scispace.com/papers/satellite-monitoring-of-ammonia-a-case-study-of-the-san-1tcpivbbjd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-retrieval-summary-of-spectra-with-high-thermal-1pwv3ghj.png Figure 2. Retrieval summary of spectra with high thermal contrast. (a) Observed and fitted spectra and residuals (all in brightness temperatures) and retrieved NH3 profiles (ppb) (inset) for both a TES and IASI spectrum. A residue for a retrieval without ammonia is also shown. (b) Averaging kernels and temperature profiles (kelvins) (inset) of IASI. A surface temperature of 313K has been indicated. The labels 0.5 to 9.5 are representative for the retrieved columns 0–1 km to 9–10 km. (c) Averaging kernels and temperature profiles (inset) of TES. A surface temperature of 317 K has been indicated. The DOFS equal 1.007 and 1.316 for IASI and TES, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thirty-day-averaged-seasonal-evolution-of-nh3-and-2dewttne.png Figure 6. Thirty day averaged seasonal evolution of NH3 and its retrieval parameters over the San Joaquin Valley. The grey bands represent the standard deviation within the 30 day average. (a, c, e, g) Summary of retrieval for spectra observed in the morning. (b, d, f, h) Summary of retrieval of evening spectra. The modeled concentration at 700 m above San Joaquin is indicated as a scatter line in Figure 6a. The a priori concentration (as can be seen from Figure 1) equals 3.22 ± 5.16 ppb at 700 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-same-as-figure-2-but-with-high-negative-thermal-31rs4ffe.png Figure 3. Same as Figure 2 but with high negative thermal contrast. Surface temperatures of 289 K and 295 K have been indicated for TES and IASI, respectively. The DOFS equal 1.26 and 1.17 for IASI and TES, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-averaged-sum-of-the-rows-of-the-averaging-kernels-1s73wywh.png Figure 9. Averaged sum of the rows of the averaging kernels as a measure for sensitivity to ammonia at different altitudes for the four seasons, (left) morning and (right) evening orbit of IASI (dimensionless). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-seasonal-average-temperature-profiles-black-curves-2x5s41xo.png Figure 8. Seasonal average temperature profiles (black curves, in K), surface temperatures (grey squares, in K), and lapse rates (blue curves, in K/km) for the IASI (a) morning orbit and (b) evening orbit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-figure-2a-inset-and-figure-2b-but-with-low-2w3b61ps.png Figure 4. Same as Figure 2a inset and Figure 2b but with low thermal contrast. The DOFS for this example is 0.87. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-averaged-concentration-ppb-from-march-to-october-at-1czw94cj.png Figure 7. Averaged concentration (ppb) from March to October at 700 m (IASI morning orbit). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-priori-moderately-polluted-blue-and-polluted-3v84gi95.png Figure 1. (a) A priori moderately polluted (blue) and polluted (red) profile of ammonia. (b) Covariance matrix of the polluted profile (dimensionless). https://scispace.com/papers/sas-a-simple-anonymity-scheme-for-clustered-wireless-sensor-2tyvy8a4io 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notations-table-1891ooeg.png TABLE I NOTATIONS TABLE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pseudonym-table-for-node-u-37a2g8j3.png Fig. 2. Pseudonym Table for node u https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pseudonyms-id-space-assignment-p61ia279.png Fig. 1. Pseudonyms ID Space Assignment https://scispace.com/papers/scalability-analysis-of-audio-visual-person-identity-13mc1dizri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-hter-versus-user-template-size-for-face-modality-b-2jpre49h.png Fig. 2. (a) HTER versus user template size for face modality. (b) HTER versus number of Gaussians needed to represent user template for speech modality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-first-frame-of-the-12-sessions-of-the-banca-database-3vc5w10d.png Fig. 1. First frame of the 12 sessions of the BANCA database. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-hter-for-mlp-fusion-vs-number-of-gaussians-and-face-y8jkcmgu.png Fig. 3. (a) HTER for MLP fusion vs. number of Gaussians and face template size. (b) HTER for weighted averaging fusion vs. number of Gaussians and face template size. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-compact-models-for-fast-design-optimization-of-516ozrzyvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-magnitude-of-the-trivariate-macromodel-of-1nf4ze4u.png Figure 8: Magnitude of the trivariate macromodel of https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-magnitude-of-the-trivariate-macromodel-of-s13-s-s-1pj29sil.png Figure 14: Magnitude of the trivariate macromodel of S13(s,S,α) (S={30,60} µm and α=55º). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-magnitude-of-the-trivariate-macromodel-of-s11-s-s-19vltqjl.png Figure 12: Magnitude of the trivariate macromodel of S11(s,S,α) for S = 45 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-magnitude-of-the-trivariate-macromodel-of-s13-s-s-prcjtdx2.png Figure 13: Magnitude of the trivariate macromodel of S13(s,S,α) for α=55º. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cpu-times-model-2b9mwski.png Table 2: CPU times model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-poles-of-the-root-macromodels-3dzkjrtt.png Figure 5: Poles of the root macromodels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-poles-of-the-root-macromodels-3bw3wdg7.png Figure 11: Poles of the root macromodels https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-cpu-times-model-16zpo7ie.png Table 5: CPU times model. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-freeze-tape-casting-fabrication-and-pore-structure-avgb5kx89b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-xy-cross-sections-at-various-thickness-3fxrrw8q.png Figure 5. The XY cross-sections at various thickness positions in 7.5% (a) and 12.5% (b) samples. Pores are colored to distinguish from the surrounding ones. For both samples, the positions of the selected cross-sections are labeled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-lengths-of-long-and-short-axes-of-pores-12qmks3z.png Figure 6. The lengths of long and short axes of pores averaged over each XY cross-sectional plane in 7.5% (a) and 12.5% (b) samples. The aspect ratios (c, d) are also calculated for both samples according to the measured long and short axes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-freeze-tape-casting-setup-38gtifo6.png Figure 1. Schematic of the freeze tape casting setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-data-processing-and-ellipse-fitting-of-pores-a-1q5n62y8.png Figure 2. Data processing and ellipse fitting of pores. (a) Gaussian smoothed and binarized tomographic image of the pores. The dark parts are pores, while the white lines are LLZO walls. Comparison with the splitting result obtained through standard watershed algorithm (b), the irregular watershed approach mitigates the over-splitting problem (c). After splitting, the selected pore is fitted with a yellow ellipse (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-reconstructed-thin-film-and-longitudinal-2rh4dk54.png Figure 3. The reconstructed thin film and longitudinal subvolumes together with the front view images extracted from the tomographic results for the 7.5% (a), 12.5% (b) and 17.5% (c) structures, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pore-size-distribution-for-7-5-a-and-12-5-b-samples-xbwvb80h.png Figure 7. Pore size distribution for 7.5% (a) and 12.5% (b) samples at various thickness positions. The distance from the bottom, pore number, and mean pore size are labelled in each histogram. The weighted median equivalent diameters are calculated and displayed in (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-morphology-of-the-pores-fabricated-using-7-5-a-2ihcgb89.png Figure 4. The morphology of the pores fabricated using 7.5% (a) and 12.5% (b) LLZO slurries. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-approximate-bayesian-inference-for-particle-eydrk1eptw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-dimensional-example-this-figure-displays-a-djoyoc03.png Figure 3. Two dimensional example. This figure displays a single frame of the moving particles video; view the video for further details. First panel: observed data Yt. Top middle: a time-lapse trace of the ground truth particle tracks; plus marks the current particle position, and the tails mark the recent history. Other panels: four sample estimated particle tracks output by our proposed method. As can be seen in the moving particles video, as particles meet the particle identities are assigned probabilistically and the identities across different samples diverge, even if some identities were initially the same across some samples. (Colors of sampled tracks are assigned according to total proximity of each track to the ground truth tracks, each of which is assigned a random color.) We show another representation of these samples in the 3D view video; the first frame of this video shows the ground truth tracks and each remaining frame shows a single sample in 3d (two spatial dimensions and one time dimension), with colors matched to those shown in this figure and in the moving particles video; thick lines indicate ground truth tracks for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-real-data-performance-on-real-data-tir-fm-imaged-1vpyqphl.png Figure 4. Real data. Performance on real data (TIR-FM imaged clathrin-coated pits in a BSC1 cell) (Jaqaman et al., 2008). Left: raw image sequence. Middle: raw image sequence overlaid with detection markers and tails indicating the recent location history. Colors indicate three different samples from our algorithm. Right: a zoomed in patch. Image size: 150 × 170 pixels, pixel size: 67 nm. For more details see the real data video. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-neural-network-architecture-this-is-the-2gv8qrim.png Figure 5. Neural network architecture. This is the architecture of the conditional transition density network described in section 4.2. We use Bidirectional Convolution LSTM and Convolution 3D Neural Networks as building blocks with notation ’40@3x3’ meaning 40 feature maps with kernel size 3 by 3. The input size of the networks is 7× patch size× patch size: 5 patches for Yt−2:t+2, plus binary masks Mt−1 and Mt encoding the positions of the particles at times t − 1 and t respectively. The output probability map is patch size× patch size. We used patch size = 28 here. The new birth network in section 4.3 uses a similar architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-conditional-transition-density-2d5lgrw7.png Figure 1. Overview of the conditional transition density network. Inputs to the network include the observed data Yt−M :t+M , with M = 2 here (top), the locations of particles sampled at time t − 1 (lower left), the particles that have been sampled so far at time t (lower middle), and the identity of the particle we are currently sampling (indicated by the yellow box). The network outputs the probability that the sampled particle survives to time t, and the conditional probability density of the particle’s next position. See the sampling process video for further illustration of the network processing data. In this video, the particles are restricted to move in the horizontal direction only (to facilitate plotting of the results in the following section); different particles are marked by different colors. The lower right panel displays the probability map p(sit|qt−1, {qjt }j<i, Y ) output by the network at each iteration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-three-particle-tracking-methods-our-xhrkmov6.png Table 1. Comparison of three particle tracking methods: our proposed approach (“network”), Utrack from (Jaqaman et al., 2008), and the method proposed in (Wilson et al., 2016). Bold indicates best performance; we find that the proposed network approach achieves the best performance over both datasets and all performance metrics computed here. RMSE: Root Mean Square Error; COV: Coverage; JSC: Jaccard similarity coefficient; all quantities are as defined in (Chenouard et al., 2014). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-one-dimensional-simulated-example-we-test-the-3gdw9cc9.png Figure 2. One-dimensional simulated example. We test the performance of the proposed algorithm on a simplified example where the particles are restrained to move in one dimension, to facilitate visualization. See the sampling process video for the raw data. Top: Ground truth tracks. New particles appear near t = 13 and t = 20; a particle disappears near t = 20; “meetings” between two particles occur near t = 14 and t = 22. Panels 2-4: sample tracks output by our proposed method. Colors indicate particle identity. Note that the detected locations track the ground truth locations and appearance/disappearance times accurately, and identity is assigned probabilistically following particle meetings, as desired. (The network output corresponding to Sample 0 is shown in Figure 1 and the sampling process video, with colors matched across the figures and video.) Panel 5: mean over 100 examples; the blended colors following particle meeting times indicate the relative probabilities of the identity assignments. Bottom two panels: output from two deterministic particle tracking methods, by (Jaqaman et al., 2008) and (Wilson et al., 2016), respectively. Several detection errors are visible in the output of these methods, leading to oversegmentation of the output tracks. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-distributed-event-detection-for-twitter-fiq5wdxy9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-scalability-of-the-two-event-detection-topologies-di5nnb9s.png Figure 5. Scalability of the two event detection topologies in terms of tweets/sec as we increase the number of processing cores allocated in comparison to linear scaling (using a scaling factor of 7 cores and 8 cores per increment, respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sample-topology-configurations-that-can-perform-bhre79ko.png Table III SAMPLE TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATIONS THAT CAN PERFORM EVENT DETECTION OVER THE ENTIRE TWITTER FIREHOSE STREAM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-four-phases-of-our-event-detection-g1d0ele9.png Figure 1. Overview of the four phases of our event detection approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-our-approach-implemented-as-a-storm-topology-35qptjdt.png Figure 2. Our approach implemented as a Storm topology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-the-input-and-output-formats-of-the-2pat75be.png Table I COMPARISON OF THE INPUT AND OUTPUT FORMATS OF THE TWO EVENT DETECTION APPROACHES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-event-detection-using-sub-stream-partitioning-in-2ykvvwmp.png Figure 3. Event Detection using sub-stream partitioning in Storm. https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-loop-self-scheduling-schemes-implemented-on-large-3kju1pt8h3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-non-overlapped-communication-and-synchronization-2beu1y7h.png Fig. 5. The non-overlapped communication and synchronization overhead T ′ overhead of Mandelbrot Set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-speedup-of-adjoint-convolution-using-hierarchical-oop4zuz2.png Fig. 8. The speedup of Adjoint Convolution using hierarchical distributed schemes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-non-overlapped-communication-and-synchronization-1136x9gr.png Fig. 6. The non-overlapped communication and synchronization overhead T ′ overhead of Adjoint Convolution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-speedup-of-mandelbrot-set-using-hierarchical-1n7j7fxh.png Fig. 7. The speedup of Mandelbrot Set using hierarchical distributed schemes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-performance-of-adjoint-convolution-using-3sz6oopy.png Fig. 4. The performance of Adjoint Convolution using hierarchical distributed schemes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-performance-of-mandelbrot-set-using-hierarchical-1jrk3371.png Fig. 3. The performance of Mandelbrot Set using hierarchical distributed schemes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-self-scheduling-schemes-the-master-worker-model-3tna9ub2.png Fig. 1. Self-Scheduling schemes: the Master-Worker model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hierarchical-architecture-2vls8uat.png Fig. 2. Hierarchical Architecture https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-quantum-tomography-in-a-photonic-chip-k5iwuoges5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-experimentally-measured-two-photon-coincidence-2q5qd9xi.png Fig. 2. (a) Experimentally measured two-photon coincidence probabilities after the device. (b) Minimization of discrepancy between guessed density matrix and observed correlations (1000 realizations in red). Inset shows the real and imaginary parts of the optimal density matrix produced at the convergence of iterations. (c) Simulated correlations for an input 3-photon GHZ state calculated using experimentally determined device transfer function. Diameter of each sphere gives the probability of detecting the 3-photons in different combinations of output waveguides. (d) Real part of 3-photon N00N state’s density matrix reconstructed from correlations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-conceptual-diagram-of-on-chip-quantum-tomography-2890lqu5.png Fig. 1. (a) Conceptual diagram of on-chip quantum tomography based on a single optical transformation (b) Scaling of the number of waveguides and single photon detectors required for tomography of increasingly many photons. (c) Experimentally realized waveguide based tomography chip showing the probability amplitude of a single photon (815nm) coupled into the chip (input superposition state |0⟩+ 𝑖𝑖|1⟩). https://scispace.com/papers/scalable-nanostructuring-on-polymer-by-a-sic-stamp-optical-18wot8aadr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-2-inch-sic-wafers-with-a-and-without-b-1mo8o4rj.png Figure 1. Two 2-inch SiC wafers with (a) and without (b) nanostructures. The nanostructured wafer demonstrates extreme reflection suppression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-photos-of-bare-and-nanostructured-sic-a-sic-with-29ck13v9.png Figure 3. Photos of bare and nanostructured SiC. a) SiC with low nanostructures on the surface. b) Bare SiC. c) SiC with high nanostructures. Color texture and transmission properties of SiC samples (smaller than 1x1cm2) depend on the nanostructures applied. The clarity of the text under the samples is maximum for sample a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-oblique-view-scanning-electron-microscope-sem-1i7cfxst.png Figure 2. Oblique-view scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a SiC samples with low nanostructures ~300nm (a) and high nanostructures ~600nm (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-reflectance-spectra-from-bare-nanostructured-and-h7inzxh9.png Figure 8. (a): Reflectance spectra from bare, nanostructured and nanostructured and Al coated polymer surfaces. The reflection of nanostructured and Al coated samples is suppressed compared to the nanostructured and bare surface. (b): Transmission spectra from bare and nanostructured and nanostructured and Al coated polymer surfaces. Transmission is drastically decreased when a thin Al coating is applied on the nanostructured surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-water-contact-angles-of-polymer-surface-without-2qeh7sz6.png Figure 9. (a)Water contact angles of polymer surface without and (b) with nanostructures. (c)Water contact angles of Al coated surface without and (d) with nanostructures. The nanostructures modify the surfaces from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-sem-image-of-nanostructured-polymer-surface-b-sem-2293ffi1.png Figure 6. (a): SEM image of nanostructured polymer surface. (b): SEM image of Al coated nanostructured polymer surface (~40nm). The Al layer follows the morphology of the underlying surface. The replicated nanostructures exhibit more rounded edges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-photos-of-al-coated-a-nanostructured-and-al-coated-32thl9ia.png Figure 7 Photos of Al coated (a), nanostructured and Al coated (b) nanostructured (c) and bare (d) polymer surface. Left: The color texture of the polymer surface changes significantly after nanostructuring (foggy-white, c); and nanostructuring and thin film coating (black, b). Right: The transparency of the polymer surface is affected by the presence of the nanostructures and the Al coating. At the border between the Al coated (b) and not Al coated region (c) one can observe that transparency gradually increases, probably due to that the Al thickness gradual decrease. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-reflectance-spectra-from-bare-and-nanostructured-7dmtcjwa.png Figure 4. (a): Reflectance spectra from bare and nanostructured SiC surfaces. The reflection of nanostructured samples is suppressed compared to the bare surface. (b): Transmission spectra from bare and nanostructured SiC surfaces. Transmission can be increased or suppressed, depending on the type of nanostructures applied. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-in-singular-perturbation-problems-blowing-up-a-2qzo3s6jng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-marker-clusters-generally-moving-with-respect-to-qj44vb60.png Figure 1. (a) Marker clusters generally moving with respect to global coordinate system OG(xG, yG, zG) are used to define local coordinate systems (LCS) fixed in the femur OF (xF , yF , zF ) and in the tibia OT (xT , yT , zT ), respectively. In the present model the FE axis and the TR axis intersect at point I but need not to be orthogonal. Angle θ describes the FE-movement whereas φ describes the tibial rotation. (b) Two additional LCS are defined. One is fixed in the femur (x1, y1, z1), and the second is fixed in the tibia (x2, y2, z2). The origins of the two LCS coincide with the point I. The z1-axis lies in the FE axis whereas z2 coincides with the TR axis. The angle α represents the angle between FE and TR axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-residual-rotation-angles-for-model-two-with-the-jrtm043a.png Figure 5. Residual rotation angles for model two with the orthogonality constraint and φ(aφ, tn) fitted to data from [19] (a) and [31] (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-noisy-data-square-root-of-the-mean-squared-2t9d0q6y.png Figure 6. Noisy data: square root of the mean squared difference σopt−true for the model parameters in the model without (left) and with (right) orthogonality constraint. The standard deviation of the input parameters is σ = 0.29◦ (solid lines) and σ = 2.9◦ (dashed lines); aθ: circle; α: triangle; γ: cross; aφ: ×. Function φ(aφ, tn) is fitted to data from [19] (a) and [31] (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-differences-between-the-optimized-parameters-and-2wtwy1cd.png Figure 4. Differences between the optimized parameters and the true simulation input values for model two with the orthogonality constraint and function φ(aφ, tn) fitted to data from [19] (a) and [31] (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rescaled-values-of-the-residual-near-the-true-1dmqrr9h.png Figure 3. Rescaled values of the residual near the true solution (problem with exact data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-passive-knee-flexion-with-and-without-external-im8ayjir.png Figure 2. (a) Passive knee flexion with and without external load. Solid line [29]: constraint based model; short dashed line [29]: reference model; dash-dotted line [30]: external torque of 3Nm; dotted line [30]: internal torque of 3Nm; long dashed line [31]; (b) FE angle and TR angle during a gait cycle [32]. Note that figure (b) shows θ(t) and φ(t) while figure (a) plots φ(θ). In addition, the range of θ is about 90◦ in (a) and 35◦ in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-residual-rotation-angles-for-the-model-with-bt9ccwvd.png Figure 7. Mean residual rotation angles for the model with and without orthogonality constraint. The standard deviation of the input parameters was σ = 0.29◦ (solid lines) and σ = 2.9◦ (dashed lines). Function φ(aφ, tn) is fitted to data from [19] (a) and [31] (b). https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-the-temperature-dependent-boson-peak-of-vitreous-y23yp51n5d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-the-bp-data-of-fig-2-scaled-with-18kbqitg.png FIG. 4 (color online). The BP data of Fig. 2 scaled with exponents ¼ 1 and ¼ 4=3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-the-experimentally-determined-bp-2c4kexb6.png FIG. 3 (color online). The experimentally determined BP positions and intensities in function of T, adjusted to powers of vK1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-neutron-scattering-bp-of-silica-at-11-3bbz8hud.png FIG. 2 (color online). The neutron scattering BP of silica at 11 different temperatures. The Debye level at 1 THz calculated from the velocity in Fig. 1(c) is already subtracted. The inset illustrates a scaling of the entire gð Þ using the Debye frequency at 1 THz, the BP frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-t-dependence-of-the-sound-velocities-2fezxkta.png FIG. 1 (color online). The T dependence of the sound velocities measured in silica with Brillouin scattering (points) and renormalized to 1 THz (dashed lines) and to infinite frequency (solid lines): (a) the LA mode; (b) the TA mode; (c) the calculated Debye velocities vD at two frequencies compared to the bare bulk-modulus ‘‘velocity’’ vK1. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-up-concurrent-main-memory-column-store-scans-towards-34wmxpysex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-as-figure-16-with-a-high-selectivity-27o2c3k3.png Figure 17: As Figure 16, with a high selectivity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-impact-of-numa-b-memory-throughput-of-the-sockets-6j0cil2l.png Figure 1: (a) Impact of NUMA. (b) Memory throughput of the sockets for the case of 1024 clients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-task-scheduling-a-for-a-scan-or-index-lookups-to-1e2zznum.png Figure 7: Task scheduling (a) for a scan or index lookups to find qualifying matches, and (b) for the output materialization, for an IVP-placed column. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-tpc-h-and-sap-bw-eml-with-different-pp-nay5l1jl.png Figure 19: TPC-H and SAP BW-EML with different PP granularities, and different scheduling strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-our-envisioned-adaptive-design-zca02l2i.png Figure 20: Our envisioned adaptive design. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-local-and-inter-socket-idle-latencies-and-peak-3j6wdvy3.png Table 1: Local and inter-socket idle latencies, and peak memory bandwidths of three different servers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4-socket-server-with-ivybridge-ex-cpu-tetgtfvp.png Figure 2: 4-socket server with Ivybridge-EX CPU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-evaluating-the-rr-ivp-and-pp-data-placements-with-k05kveye.png Figure 16: Evaluating the RR, IVP, and PP data placements, with the Bound scheduling strategy. https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-laws-in-the-solar-wind-turbulence-1dnxkb2qrm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-16-the-yaglom-scaling-y-in-the-window-34680-3be3rfmd.png Figure 4.16: The Yaglom scaling Y ± in the window 34680 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-the-tab-collects-the-energy-tranfer-rates-o-and-o-p4mmjvuq.png Table 4.1: The tab collects the energy tranfer rates ǫ+ and ǫ− estimated through fits of the Yaglom scaling law. In the first column we have the exrtemes (in terms of days of 1996) of the 11-days windows in which the scalings were observed together with an index that identify the windows. The last column shows the extension of the inerntial range in the time domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3-the-top-panel-shows-an-example-of-the-mixed-third-1j0svedf.png Figure 5.3: The top panel shows an example of the mixed third order pseudoenergy flux −W−(τ) during days 9 to 18 from 1996. In this example, the scaling observed is negative defined. The origin of such signed scaling is not clear. Correspondingly, scaling of the incompressible flux Y ±(τ) in the same time window is not present. On the bottom panel, W−(τ) presents two reduced scaling regions of opposite sign in a window starting on day 61 of 1996. As in the previous case, no scaling range is observed on the corresponding Y ±(τ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-21-top-panel-the-solar-wind-bulk-speed-and-the-19cmg9g8.png Figure 4.21: Top panel: the solar wind bulk speed and the starting points of each 11 days windows where scaling was observed (crosses). Bottom panel: the values of the estimated pseudo-energy transfer rates ǫ± in the ecliptic wind measured by Ulysses starting from day 220 of 1996 (in kJ kg−1 s−1), for both fast (circles) and slow (triangles) wind. The values of the total energy ǫtot = (ǫ + + ǫ−)/2 are also shown (stars) where both pseudo-energy fluxes were available. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1-typical-values-of-some-parameters-for-different-e3ujpsmt.png Table 1.1: Typical values of some parameters for different kinds of astrophysical plasmas. SC = Solar Corona; SW = Solar Wind at 1 AU; MS = Magnetosphere; IS = Ionosphere; IM = Interstellar Medium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-the-pdfs-of-fields-increments-change-shape-with-2rv5h579.png Figure 1.5: The PDFs of fields increments change shape with the scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-a-composed-picture-showing-the-x-ray-emission-of-1q3hdm7b.png Figure 2.5: A composed picture showing the X-ray emission of the sun, and the latitude dependence of velocity and magnetic field. In the left panel (low solar activity) It is evident that wind velocity is high at high latitudes, where coronal holes are visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-alfvenic-correlation-in-fast-solar-wind-left-3rw81y4k.png Figure 3.4: Alfvénic correlation in fast solar wind. Left panel: large scale Alfvénic fluctuations found by Bruno (1985). Right panel: small scale Alfvénic fluctuations found for the first time by Belcher (1975). https://scispace.com/papers/scaling-laws-and-dynamics-of-bubble-coalescence-y7r9gzq0uw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-effect-of-the-initial-bridge-radius-r0-on-the-gzlhpkvx.png FIG. 3. The effect of the initial bridge radius R0 on the scaling behavior of the minimum neck radius. In all three cases, the initial bridge half height is related to the initial bridge radius as Z0 = R 2 0 and Oh = 3× 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-variation-of-the-inviscid-prefactor-bi-with-the-q8qf5xt9.png FIG. 11. Variation of the inviscid prefactor BI with the Ohnesorge number Oh for simulations carried out with two different initial conditions of R0 = 10 −3 and R0 = 10 −6 but where Z0 = R 2 0 in both cases. The arrow indicates how BI would change if the value of R0 is lowered by three orders of magnitude. This change is detailed in the inset which shows the variation of BI with R0 for Z0 = R 2 0 when the Ohnesorge number is held constant at Oh = 3× 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-computed-evolution-in-time-of-the-profiles-of-the-1agduiar.png FIG. 12. Computed evolution in time of the profiles of the receding film when Oh = 3×10−3. For each profile shown, both the axial and the radial coordinates have been normalized by the minimum radius at that instant in time. The inset shows zoomed-in views of the tips of the film and makes plain that the profiles at the two earliest times, i.e. for the smallest two values of Rmin, are still slender. Both the main figure and the inset highlight the transition that occurs at later times from profiles that are slender to ones where the retracting tips have become bulged. All shapes have been obtained from different simulations where R0 is one order of magnitude smaller than the value of Rmin for which a given profile is shown. Also, Z0 = R 2 0 in each simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-variation-of-the-minimum-radius-rmin-with-time-t-3m3wimq1.png FIG. 16. Variation of the minimum radius Rmin with time t: comparison of simulation results obtained in a single computation with a truncated domain approach in which the truncation radius is varied dynamically as RT (t) = 100Rmin(t) (data points corresponding to the open symbols and labeled as Moving RT ) and those stitched together from different simulations each of which uses a fixed value of the truncation radius given by RT = 100R0 (curves each of which is identified by the value of the initial bridge radius used in a given simulation). In the simulation in which the truncation radius is varied continuously in time, R0 = 10 −6. In all cases, Z0 = R 2 0 and Oh = 3× 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transient-profiles-of-retracting-sheets-and-71m6hiyx.png FIG. 4. Transient profiles of retracting sheets and instantaneous streamlines and pressure contours within them. In the figure, the radial coordinate has been shifted by the instantaneous value of the minimum radius so that all profiles begin at zero. Here, interface profiles and flow fields in the left column, (a)-(d), correspond to a highly viscous sheet and the ones in the right column, (e)-(h), correspond to a nearly inviscid sheet. The value of the minimum neck radius for each snap shot in time is shown on the figure. The values of the pressure contours for each instant in time are shown next to the corresponding figure. The Rmin and the down arrow at the top right indicate the direction of increasing Rmin and hence time. In both simulations, the initial bridge radius and half height are given by R0 = 10 −3 and Zb = R 2 min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-of-rmin-with-t-obtained-from-different-t7iox9st.png FIG. 10. Variation of Rmin with t obtained from different simulations using the truncated domain approach. The different simulations start from initial conditions using different values of the initial bridge radius R0 but with Z0 = R 2 0. After the decay of initial transients, each simulation falls on a line of slope 1/2. As explained in the text, the different simulations can then be stitched together to allow simulating drop coalescence from extremely early times when the neck radii are orders of magnitude smaller than the bubble radii. In all simulations Oh = 3× 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-variation-of-rmin-with-t-comparison-of-results-on-2rnx5yri.png FIG. 9. Variation of Rmin with t: comparison of results on radial scaling obtained from simulations using the entire domain Ω(t) (open square symbols) and the truncated domain (solid line). Here, R0 = 10 −3, Z0 = R 2 0, and Oh = 3× 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-values-of-the-inviscid-prefactor-in-the-limit-of-2fh2e2nk.png TABLE I. Values of the inviscid prefactor in the limit of zero Ohnesorge number, BI(0), and the viscous prefactor in the limit of infinite Ohnesorge number, BV (∞), in the radial scaling laws obtained from experiment, theory, and simulation. https://scispace.com/papers/scattering-of-obliquely-incident-waves-by-an-impedance-2enitsfge8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-polarized-and-depolarized-bistatic-echowidths-of-a-two-2dlkmdqf.png Fig. 2. Polarized and depolarized bistatic echowidths of a two-layer chiral cylinder for an incident TE wave. Comparision of our result (lines) with that of [1, Fig. 3] (points). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-bistatic-echo-widths-for-normal-tm-incidence-0-18-3f12y7ib.png Fig. 5. Bistatic echo widths for normal TM incidence ( 0 = 18 ); polarized and depolarized parts for thebi and non-bi case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bistatic-echo-widths-for-normal-tm-incidence-polarized-2q3ujcw5.png Fig. 4. Bistatic echo widths for normal TM incidence; polarized and depolarized parts for thebi andnon-bi case (no depolarization occurs in the later case). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principal-geometry-and-direction-of-incident-wave-3a38luob.png Fig. 1. Principal geometry and direction of incident wave. https://scispace.com/papers/scented-traces-dermal-exposure-of-synthetic-musk-fragrances-4c04i49j4x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-dermal-exposure-to-synthetic-musks-by-1tuvjss9.png Figure 3. Comparison of dermal exposure to synthetic musks by age and personal care product category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentrations-ug-g-1-median-mean-and-range-and-1sa3343p.png Table 1. Concentrations (µg g-1; median, mean and range) and frequency of detection (%) of the synthetic musks in toiletries from Porto, Portugal. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimates-of-down-the-drain-synthetic-musks-1uvgfhpl.png Table 4. Estimates of "down-the-drain" synthetic musks emissions for several personal care sub-category product types. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-human-exposure-adults-to-synthetic-musks-245m8tl2.png Table 2. Estimated human exposure (adults) to synthetic musks through personal care products. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-human-exposure-baby-children-to-synthetic-3ktg0717.png Table 3. Estimated human exposure (baby/children) to synthetic musks through personal care products. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structure-of-synthetic-musk-fragrances-1p9prgv9.png Figure 1. Chemical structure of synthetic musk fragrances analyzed in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relative-distribution-of-synthetic-musks-in-makjx95y.png Figure 2. Relative distribution (%) of synthetic musks in toiletries from Porto. https://scispace.com/papers/scattering-of-polarized-laser-light-by-an-atomic-gas-in-free-3lr8qjrnwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-in-the-homodyne-detection-setup-the-2y9d1adv.png FIG. 2. Color online In the homodyne detection setup, the detection apparatus in the dashed box of Fig. 1 should be replaced with the apparatus depicted schematically here. As in Fig. 1, the light is initially polarized along x and the polarization rotates slightly due to the interaction with the atoms. Here, however, the strong x component is split off and ignored while the weak y component is sent to a standard homodyne setup. The y component is mixed at a 50/50 nonpolarizing beamsplitter with a strong local oscillator beam also polarized along the y direction and derived from the same laser as the probe beam. The photocurrent representing the interference signal is then derived from the difference between the outputs of the photodetectors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-schematic-depicting-balanced-polarimetric-5u8fm5pc.png FIG. 1. Color online Schematic depicting balanced polarimetric detection of laser light after interacting with a polarized cloud of atomic spins via the Faraday Hamiltonian. The light is initially linearly polarized along the x direction. After the interaction, the light carries off information about the atomic gas encoded in a small optical polarization rotation. The light is measured in the - basis rotated 45° from the x-y basis, such that without the atomic gas the mean output of the polarimeter is balanced to zero. The change of measurement basis is achieved with the waveplate located just before the polarizing beamsplitter. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-science-on-television-a-comparative-analysis-of-h8xtb0iml2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-airtime-through-the-total-number-of-xrb80pgo.png Table 1. Distribution of airtime through the total number of commercial channels in 11 European countries (N = 39:20 hours). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-airtime-for-television-science-programmes-de7rz1ax.png Figure 2. Average airtime for television science programmes per public channel in hours per week 2007/2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-programme-hours-across-countries-31womd9b.png Figure 1. Distribution of programme hours across countries broadcast in an average week 2007/2008 (N = 195 hours) by public and commercial channels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-share-of-airtime-in-per-cent-at-off-peak-times-and-30b08o3c.png Figure 3. Share of airtime (in per cent) at off-peak times and in peak hours. *DE = Germany; AT = Austria; SE = Sweden; FI = Finland; FR = France. *ES = Spain; GR = Greece. *EE = Estonia; BG = Bulgaria. *GB = Great Britain; IE = Ireland. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-share-of-airtime-dedicated-to-different-programme-1u0mi9qs.png Figure 4. Share of airtime dedicated to different programme types in television in per cent (total airtime per country in parentheses). DE = Germany; AT = Austria; FI = Finland; SE = Sweden; FR = France; ES = Spain; GR = Greece; BG = Bulgaria; EE = Estonia; UK = United Kingdom; IE = Ireland. https://scispace.com/papers/scheduling-divisible-workloads-on-heterogeneous-platforms-1j5huon923 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparison-of-the-two-possible-orderings-11wxd5nk.png Fig. 2. Comparison of the two possible orderings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-with-the-adaptive-approach-for-j92kwgzt.png Fig. 9. Comparison with the adaptive approach for heterogeneous platforms with 20 processors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-with-the-adaptive-approach-for-2s2sdyrv.png Fig. 11. Comparison with the adaptive approach for heterogeneous platforms with 5 processors, with latencies (zoom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-with-the-adaptive-approach-for-b5ylz8nt.png Fig. 10. Comparison with the adaptive approach for heterogeneous platforms with 5 processors, with latencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-time-for-an-homogeneous-platform-with-5-7wo50zvh.png Fig. 4. Simulation time for an homogeneous platform with 5 processors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-with-the-adaptive-heuristic-for-an-9t97xr2d.png Fig. 5. Comparison with the adaptive heuristic for an homogeneous platform with 5 processors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-comparison-with-the-adaptive-approach-for-fg1vz5s2.png Fig. 12. Comparison with the adaptive approach for heterogeneous platforms with 20 processors, with latencies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-with-the-adaptive-approach-for-an-3n16dl7p.png Fig. 6. Comparison with the adaptive approach for an homogeneous platform with 20 processors. https://scispace.com/papers/school-and-residential-ethnic-segregation-an-analysis-of-1v4xkj3kej 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-distribution-of-the-various-population-and-vyw0h2lf.png Table 5. The distribution of the various population and student groups in Greater London, 2001, according to the classification in Figure 5. (The data are in percentages for each column, reported to the nearest whole number.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-distribution-of-selected-population-and-student-1d0gy7ts.png Table 6. The distribution of selected population and student groups in groups of Greater London LEAs, 2001, according to the classification in Figure 5. (The data are in percentages for each column, reported to the nearest whole number.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-distribution-of-population-and-students-in-1b94x8m9.png Table 1. The distribution of population and students in England, 2001, according to the classification in Figure 5. (The data are in percentages for each column, https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-of-regression-of-residential-on-school-1ulw0xrd.png Table 10. Results of regression of residential on school segregation (model 1 in the text) for the White population. Standard errors for the coefficients are given in brackets, and significant coefficients at the 0.05 level or better are shown in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-of-regression-of-residential-on-school-326h0af4.png Table 9. Results of regression of residential on school segregation (model 1 in the text) for Black ethnic groups. Standard errors for the coefficients are given in brackets, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-distribution-of-the-black-population-and-of-2k53fbyv.png Table 2. The distribution of the Black population and of Black students in England, 2001, according to the classification in Figure 5. (The data are in percentages for each column, reported to the nearest whole number.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-distribution-of-the-asian-population-and-of-3100ex2z.png Table 3. The distribution of the Asian population and of Asian students in England, 2001, according to the classification in Figure 5. (The data are in percentages for each column, reported to the nearest whole number.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-of-regression-of-residential-on-school-3u4yu0r0.png Table 8. Results of regression of residential on school segregation (model 1 in the text) for South Asian ethnic groups. Standard errors for the coefficients are given in brackets, and significant coefficients at the 0.05 level or better are shown in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/school-factors-underlying-demand-for-private-supplementary-40extrnkdz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-school-factors-identified-by-students-for-receipt-of-3n7vpzdu.png Table 4: School factors identified by students for receipt of tutoring in English https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-types-of-tutoring-providers-by-residential-status-vjwsofwy.png Table 3: Types of tutoring providers by residential status https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-school-factors-identified-by-students-for-non-2hzdxyj2.png Table 6: School factors identified by students for non-receipt of tutoring in English https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-school-factors-reported-by-parents-for-childrens-vdawfdxr.png Table 5: School factors reported by parents for children’s receipt of tutoring in English https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-scale-and-types-of-tutoring-by-residential-status-1wqv60g7.png Table 1: Scale and types of tutoring by residential status https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-monthly-average-expenditures-on-tutoring-per-student-i9ub1s8s.png Table 2: Monthly average expenditures on tutoring per student https://scispace.com/papers/school-improvement-by-design-lessons-from-a-study-of-3fz6go5o37 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-logic-model-of-design-based-instructional-28xjfe7q.png Figure 1.Logic Model of Design-based Instructional Improvement https://scispace.com/papers/scleral-buckle-surgery-for-pseudophakic-and-aphakic-retinal-40i12nf0vd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1p5tq808.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-extent-of-rd-in-relation-to-number-of-retinal-breaks-2143bo08.png Table 3 Extent of RD in relation to number of retinal breaks https://scispace.com/papers/screening-of-freshwater-and-seawater-microalgae-strains-in-524y62k05q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-validation-of-the-cell-fragility-at-the-steady-state-2topcup7.png Fig. 6. Validation of the cell fragility at the steady-state in optimal growth conditions (+N) for the four selected strains and investigation of their cell fragility at the eleventh day of the sudden nitrogen starvation experiments (-N). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-global-report-of-the-pre-screening-step-volumetric-259w2bmg.png Table 3 Global report of the pre-screening step. Volumetric biomass productivityPX and cell fragility in optimal growth conditions (+N) and volumetric TAG productivity in sudden nitrogen starvation conditions (-N). Legend: (+) strains were grown in EOSS-PBR without hindrances, (++) strains were easy to cultivate. The best performing strains which were selected at this pre-screening step are marked in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-growth-kinetics-characterization-of-the-four-strains-1dwp8fu7.png Fig. 2. Growth Kinetics characterization of the four strains grown under sudden nitrogen starvation (-N) in 1 L flat-panel PBR exposed to an incident PFD of 250 lmolhm/m2 s. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-general-comparison-of-the-performances-of-the-four-3p3hyx0m.png Table 5 General comparison of the performances of the four selected strains investigated in this study to those reported in the literature and belong to the same species. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tag-accumulation-kinetics-of-the-four-strains-grown-17x3itjp.png Fig. 3. TAG accumulation kinetics of the four strains grown under sudden nitrogen starvation (-N) in 1 L flat-panel PBR exposed to an incident PFD of 250 lmolhm/m2 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-illustrating-the-global-screening-procedure-dmzmo2qt.png Fig. 1. Schematic illustrating the global screening procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-volumetric-and-areal-biomass-productivity-obtained-3rq8jiff.png Table 4 Volumetric and areal biomass productivity obtained at the steady-state of the four strains cultivated in 1 L flat-panel PBR operating in continuous mode and exposed to an incident PFD of 150 lmolhm/m2 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-changes-in-fatty-acid-composition-for-the-two-selected-2x9s0rzf.png Fig. 5. Changes in fatty acid composition for the two selected freshwater strains during sudden nitrogen starvation conditions. (A) P. kessleri UTEX2229 and (B) S. obliquus UTEX393. https://scispace.com/papers/se-workbench-rf-performant-and-high-fidelity-raw-data-4xy02v7uto 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-hypertexture-volume-definition-7nln2rr1.png Figure 7. Hypertexture volume definition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-aicraft-rcs-computation-setup-figure-5-rcs-of-an-eafq0bks.png Figure 4. Aicraft RCS computation setup Figure 5. RCS of an aircraft computed with ELSEM3D (green), SE-RAY-EM (blue) and GPU version (red) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-tank-used-for-test-simulation-and-a-computed-ruvjequy.png Figure 6: The tank used for test simulation and a computed ISAR image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-se-ray-em-emission-grid-3j5xvpfl.png Figure 1. SE-RAY-EM emission grid https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computation-times-for-one-incidence-in-seconds-with-8b2a5nv8.png Table 1. Computation times for one incidence in seconds with SE-RAY-EM standard version and with new parallel version in both CPU and GPU implementations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-principle-of-beam-interactions-3l1y5sul.png Figure 2. Principle of beam interactions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-se-ray-em-adaptive-anti-aliasing-principle-1h335z6t.png Figure 3. SE-RAY-EM adaptive anti-aliasing principle https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ray-tracing-process-in-the-hypertexture-2epvvxsc.png Figure 8. Ray tracing process in the hypertexture https://scispace.com/papers/scmrp-secure-cluster-based-multipath-routing-protocol-for-st7h3t2dj6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nbr-info-packet-broadcasts-among-the-network-for-the-2mahxfkc.png Fig. 2. NBR INFO packet broadcasts among the network for the base station https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-node-broadcats-nbr-det-packet-to-detect-neighbors-in-22uyd0xv.png Fig. 1. Node broadcats NBR DET packet to detect neighbors in the network. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-orphan-node-node-o-when-node-g-and-d-elected-as-chs-385mstkz.png Fig. 3. Orphan node (node O when node G and D elected as CHs) https://scispace.com/papers/sdss-iv-manga-the-spatial-distribution-of-star-formation-and-4xzi4o67na 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-contours-of-the-distribution-of-dn4000-and-ssfr-the-3e74pfzo.png Figure 2. Contours of the distribution of Dn4000 and SSFR, the contours represent the 1, 2, and 3σ levels. The thick solid line is the mean fitted to the data we use for spaxels which are marked as composite or AGNs/LINERs from the BPT diagram. Spaxels which we classify as low SNR are included in this model with an upper limit of log10(SSFR)=−11.5. The dashed lines are the standard deviation from the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-histogram-showing-the-ratios-between-the-ssfr-in-2losf3v2.png Figure 8. Histogram showing the ratios between the SSFR in the centre most radial bin and the mean SSFR beyond r/re = 0.75. We show with a dashed line the cut between the centrally suppressed and unsuppressed galaxies, which marks where the disc has SSFR is approximately 10 times higher than the core of the galaxy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-radial-ssfr-profiles-in-three-bins-of-s-0-the-2x92hp1p.png Figure 9. The radial SSFR profiles in three bins of σ 0. The individual profiles are shown by the cyan lines and the mean profile in the bin is shown by the solid red line. The dashed black line shows the mean profile of all galaxies in the sample. The number of galaxies in each bin is shown in the top left corner of each panel. The top row is the central galaxies and the bottom row is the satellite galaxies. The error bars are calculated from the scatter in 1000 bootstrap resamplings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-top-the-mean-profiles-for-unsuppressed-galaxies-in-3bhxo0c9.png Figure 16. (Top) The mean profiles for unsuppressed galaxies in bins of stellar mass, with the enhanced galaxy population removed. The error bars are calculated from the scatter in 1000 bootstrap resamplings and the stellar mass bins are the same as those from 6. Note the different scale in the y-axis compared to Fig. 14. (Bottom) The fractional differences between central and satellite galaxies in unsuppressed galaxies with centrally enhanced galaxies removed. We show the 1σ scatter from 1000 bootstrap resamplings as the shaded area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-top-the-fractional-differences-between-central-and-18agb6ux.png Figure 15. (Top) The fractional differences between central and satellite galaxies in unsuppressed galaxies. We show the 1σ scatter from 1000 bootstrap resamplings as the shaded area. (Bottom) The fractional differences between central and satellite galaxies in centrally suppressed galaxies. We show the 1σ scatter from 1000 bootstrap resamplings as the shaded area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-values-of-the-star-formation-rates-calculated-using-67ew66gk.png Figure 4. Values of the star formation rates calculated using the method described here for star-forming (blue) and composite (yellow) MaNGA galaxies, compared with their star formation rates calculated in B04 for the MPA/JHU catalogue. The dotted line shows the one-to-one relations, the solid line is the linear fit to the star forming galaxies, and the dashed line is the fit to the composite galaxies. The parameters of the fits are shown in the top left corner, with errors calculated from 1000 bootstrap resamplings. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-we-show-the-star-formation-rates-calculated-using-3b4phntg.png Figure 3. We show the star formation rates calculated using just the Hα method and just theDn4000method for star-forming and composite galaxies in MaNGA. The dashed line shows the 1-to-1 relation and the solid line shows the linear regression fit. We provide the slope and intercept of the fit in the top left corner, with errors calculated from 1000 bootstrap resamplings of the data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-the-mean-radial-ssfr-profiles-of-central-dashed-35u6skft.png Figure 7. (Top) The mean radial SSFR profiles of central (dashed) and satellite (solid) lines in bins of stellar mass. (Bottom) The fractional difference between the central and satellite mean profiles in bins of stellar mass. The shaded regions and error bars represent the 1σ scatter in 1000 bootstrap resamplings. https://scispace.com/papers/sea-surface-characterization-using-dual-polarized-gnss-35ze3upeu4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lsp-of-rhcp-data-as-the-function-of-antenna-height-1j83huc0.png Fig. 4. LSP of RHCP data as the function of Antenna Height https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rhcp-and-lhcp-dc-no-for-prn14-prn26-prn29-prn31-prn32-1xec6yqk.png Fig. 3. RHCP and LHCP δC/No for PRN14, PRN26, PRN29, PRN31, PRN32, respectively vs Elevation Angle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-noise-power-vs-noise-distribution-uya24rpu.png Fig. 6. Noise Power vs Noise Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sea-surface-measurement-3ti8v5vg.png Fig. 1. Sea Surface Measurement https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-satellite-trajectories-sos0rjkx.png TABLE I SATELLITE TRAJECTORIES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ffz-w-r-t-satellite-elevation-and-azimuth-variation-1l84y5ah.png Fig. 2. FFZ w.r.t. satellite elevation and azimuth variation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lsp-of-lhcp-data-as-the-function-of-reflector-height-3vjke61y.png Fig. 5. LSP of LHCP data as the function of reflector height https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-correlation-between-windspeed-and-lhcp-noise-std-vs-21wo3wtf.png Fig. 7. Correlation between windspeed and LHCP Noise STD vs Measurement Time https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-short-time-phase-effects-in-the-electronic-damage-2z3qpne7dm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-auger-electron-spectra-normalized-on-the-q0oat7k4.png Fig. 2. (color online) Auger electron spectra normalized on the target current for 2.7 keV electrons impinging on crystalline Si(111) 7x7 (solid blue curve) and on amorphized Si (red circles). Energy losses related to surface and bulk plasmons are indicated by vertical arrows. Band-structure contributions of the Si − 2p1V V as well as additional Si Auger lines (Si−2p2V V, Si−2s12pV ) are marked with dashed vertical lines. The incident projectile-electron angle and the detected-electron direction are 45◦ with respect to the surface normal, involving a difference in angles of 90◦. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-auger-peak-energy-reductions-obtained-1abl9eux.png Fig. 4. (color online) Auger-peak energy reductions obtained from fits to spectra for amorphous Si (right-hand side, b) and for crystalline Si(111) 7x7 (left-hand side, a) excited by electrons at 1.0, 2.7 and 7 keV and by different fast highly charged ions. The orange triangles in panel b) are obtained from an evaluation of the spectra from ref. [23]. The x-axis is given by the interaction strength P= qeff/vp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-specific-auger-energy-reductions-obtained-iioyr52o.png Fig. 5. (color online) Specific Auger-energy reductions obtained from linear fits to the data points in the previous figure for amorphous Si (closed red circles) and for crystalline Si(111) 7x7 (open blue squares) excited by different projectiles. The data are presented as function of the Auger-decay time for different Auger transitions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-auger-electron-spectra-with-arbitrary-1yqazrz6.png Fig. 3. (color online) Auger electron spectra (with arbitrary normalization) for 7 keV electrons (purple stars, for a scattering geometry as in figures 1 and 2) impinging on a crystalline Si(111) 7x7 sample. For comparison an ion-induced spectrum (upper curve with green squares, for 645 MeV 129Xe39+) for the same sample at normal incidence and at an detection angle of 135◦ is shown together with fitted background functions (dashed curves) for both cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-electron-energy-loss-spectra-for-1xfkv9kl.png Fig. 1. (color online) Electron energy-loss spectra for electrons impinging on Si(111) 7x7 (blue squares) and for Si amorphized using Ar ions at about 4 keV (red circles). Energy losses related to the direct and indirect gap as well as to surface and bulk plasmons are indicated by vertical arrows. The primary electron energy is about 91 eV, the incident projectile-electron angle is 45◦ with respect to the surface normal and the detected-electron direction lies in the same scattering plane at the all-over scattering angle of 90◦. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-a-higgs-boson-decaying-into-two-photons-in-the-3fjhjx6uji 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-data-and-simulation-of-the-di-1a0q52rv.png Figure 1.: Comparison between data and simulation of the di-photon invariant mass distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expected-and-observed-upper-limit-to-the-ratio-s-2krqeo4r.png Figure 2.: Expected and observed upper limit to the ratio σ σmodel for the SM (left) and fermiophobic model (right). https://scispace.com/papers/search-frictions-and-evolving-labour-market-dynamics-3ykzqaiuck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-us-macroeconomic-data-from-1952-to-2016-notes-this-qfjs20h7.png Figure 1: US Macroeconomic data from 1952 to 2016 Notes: This figure plots quarterly growth rates of US macroeconomic data from 1952Q1–2016Q4. The top left panel plots the annual growth rate of labour productivity, yt; the top right panel plots the vacancy rate, vt; the bottom left panel plots the unemployment rate, ut; and the bottom right panel plots the annual growth rate of real wages, wt. Grey bars indicate NBER recession dates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-volatility-of-structural-productivity-and-job-1deas2pm.png Figure 4: Volatility of Structural Productivity and Job Separation Shocks from 1962 to 2016 Notes: This figure plots the posterior median and 80% equal-tailed point-wise posterior probability bands for the volatility of identified productivity and job separations shocks from 1962Q1–2016Q4. Grey bars indicate NBER recession dates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contemporaneous-impact-of-identified-shocks-on-2v6ri6py.png Table 3: Contemporaneous Impact of Identified Shocks on Labour Market Variables Notes: This table shows the contemporaneous sign restrictions imposed on variable x = {yt, vt, ut, wt} to a productivity shock, ψProdt ; and a job separation shock, ψJSt respectively. yt is the annual growth rate of labour productivity; vt is the vacancy rate; ut is the unemployment rate; and wt is the annual growth in real wages. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-impulse-response-functions-with-respect-to-a-job-2zb4je6n.png Figure 6: Impulse Response Functions with Respect to a Job Separation Shock from 1962 to 2016 Notes: The top left hand side of this figure plots the posterior median generalised impulse response functions of US labour market data with respect to a one standard deviation job separation shock from 1962Q1 to 2016Q4. yt, vt, ut, wt denote the response of labour productivity growth, the vacancy rate, the unemployment rate, and real wage growth respectively. Impulse responses are computed for a 20 quarter horizon and normalised such that the shock causes unemployment to increase by 1%. The top right hand side of this figure reports the posterior median and 80% equal-tailed point-wise posterior probability bands for the responses, at a 4 quarter horizon, of US labour market data with respect to a one standard deviation job separation shock from 1962Q1 to 2016Q4. yt, vt, ut, wt denote the response of labour productivity growth, the vacancy rate, the unemployment rate, and real wage growth respectively. Grey bars indicate NBER recession dates. The lower panel shows the posterior median generalised impulse response functions of US labour market data with respect to a one standard deviation job separation shock at selcted dates with 80% equal-tailed point-wise posterior probability bands https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-model-implied-correlations-between-unemployment-and-ttfijo7b.png Table 2: Model-Implied Correlations between Unemployment and Wage Volatility Notes: This table reports contemporaneous correlations between the posterior median stochastic volatility estimates of unemployment and wage volatility, ρ̂(σut , σwt ) . The table reports correlations by decade, a sample split, and using the full sample of 1962Q1–2016Q4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reduced-form-correlations-from-1962-to-2016-notes-2yklrze9.png Figure 3: Reduced-form correlations from 1962 to 2016 Notes: This figure plots the posterior median, and 80% posterior credible intervals of the reduced-from model implied correlations of variables within the TVP VAR model from 1962Q1–2016Q4. ρ̂it,jt denotes the model implied correlation of variable i and j at time t respectively. yt, vt, ut, wt denote labour productivity growth, the vacancy rate, the unemployment rate, and real wage growth, respectively. Grey bars indicate NBER recession dates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-impulse-response-functions-with-respect-to-a-eqfkqhi5.png Figure 5: Impulse Response Functions with Respect to a Productivity Shock from 1962 to 2016 Notes: The top left hand side of this figure plots the posterior median generalised impulse response functions of US labour market data with respect to a one standard deviation productivity shock from 1962Q1 to 2016Q4. yt, vt, ut, wt denote the response of labour productivity growth, the vacancy rate, the unemployment rate, and real wage growth respectively. Impulse responses are computed for a 20 quarter horizon and normalised such that the shock causes labour productivity to increase by 1%. The top right hand side of this figure reports the posterior median and 80% equal-tailed point-wise posterior probability bands for the responses, at a 4 quarter horizon, of US labour market data with respect to a one standard deviation productivity shock from 1962Q1 to 2016Q4. yt, vt, ut, wt denote the response of labour productivity growth, the vacancy rate, the unemployment rate, and real wage growth respectively. Grey bars indicate NBER recession dates. The lower panel shows the posterior median generalised impulse response functions of US labour market data with respect to a one standard deviation productivity shock at selcted dates with 80% equal-tailed point-wise posterior probability bands https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bayesian-dic-statistics-for-competing-var-models-n2tt87yw.png Table 1: Bayesian DIC Statistics for Competing VAR Models Notes: This table reports the DIC statistics from a battery of competing Bayesian VAR models. The row highlighted in bold font indicates the model with the lowest DIC, and therefore the model that best fits the data. https://scispace.com/papers/search-for-the-standard-model-higgs-boson-in-the-missing-2r5p662k5b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-efficiency-of-the-l3-met35-trigger-in-2-1-fb-1-2v7lm3r2.png Figure 4.2.: Efficiency of the L3 MET35 trigger in 2.1 fb−1 for (a) CMUP18, (b) JET20, and (c) JET50. Parametrization of the trigger efficiency is shown in red, as a function of corrected / ET https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-7-kinematic-distributions-of-the-inputs-to-the-3459fr30.png Figure 8.7.: Kinematic distributions of the inputs to the ANNSIG in the signal region for ST+JP events: (a) dijet invariant mass, (b) invariant mass of all jets and / ET , (c) event HT − / ET , (d) event / HT − / ET , (e) ANNtrackMET, (f) maximum ∆R between all jets. The distributions for the mH = 115 GeV/c 2 Higgs boson signal are shown in the overlaid black histogram (scaled by a factor of 5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-23-kinematic-distributions-in-cr2-for-st-jp-events-3m4u8ew7.png Figure B.23.: Kinematic distributions in CR2 for ST+JP events: (a) minimum of the difference in φ between ~ / P trT and each jet, (b) maximum of the difference in phi between two jets directions, (c) maximum of the difference in R space between any two jets, (d) / HT − / ET , (e) HT − / ET , (f) / HT/ / ET https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-8-kinematic-distributions-in-cr3-for-events-with-fwumawl6.png Figure B.8.: Kinematic distributions in CR3 for events with single b-tag: (a) minimum of the difference in φ between ~ / P trT and each jet, (b) minimum of the difference in φ between ~ / ET and each jet, (c) maximum of the difference in R space between any two jets, (d) / HT − / ET , (e) HT − / ET , (f) / HT/ / ET https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7-the-cot-detector-a-1-6-section-of-the-cot-end-2cbbudoc.png Figure 2.7.: The COT detector: (a) 1/6 section of the COT end plate. For each superlayer the total number of supercells, the wire orientation (axial or stereo), and the average radius is given. (b) Three supercells looking along the beam z direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-4-multijet-rejection-ann-performance-a-annmj-output-2pltwl6y.png Figure 7.4.: Multijet rejection ANN performance: (a) ANNMJ output for the testing and training samples, (b) the convergence test of ANNMJ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-4-multijet-background-scale-factors-in-different-1sin8izg.png Table 7.4: Multijet background scale factors in different control regions, for different tagging categories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-6-standard-model-higgs-boson-at-the-tevatron-3ajn8vc3.png Figure 1.6.: Standard Model Higgs boson at the Tevatron https://scispace.com/papers/searching-for-a-scholarly-visibility-the-case-of-ukraine-31rn14iz1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-j-e-l-codes-3sv9de17.png Table 3: Distribution of J.E.L. codes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-publications-by-type-of-document-2vhyfbm1.png Table 1: Distribution of publications by type of document: 1992-2002 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contributions-of-ukrainian-authors-by-journal-group-1bvp6k71.png Table 2: Contributions of Ukrainian authors by journal group https://scispace.com/papers/seashell-waste-derived-materials-for-secondary-catalytic-tar-edwmj4onsx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tar-cracking-experimental-matrix-3afr3z6t.png Table 2: Tar cracking experimental matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-syngas-yield-4a-and-syngas-composition-4b-in-a-n2-2o9e0d1s.png Figure 4: Syngas yield (4a) and syngas composition (4b) in a N2 free basis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-catalytic-test-setup-the-dotted-lines-represent-off-zreby2do.png Figure 1: Catalytic test setup. The dotted lines represent off-line measurements while the solid lines represent online analysis. Parts: 1. Gasifier cold-zone 2. Gasifier hot-zone 3. Secondary tar cracking reactor 4. SPA/SPE sampling 5. Tar scrubbing system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bet-analysis-of-calcined-and-non-calcined-catalysts-2exi8rkk.png Table 4: BET analysis of calcined and non-calcined catalysts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xrd-patterns-of-non-calcined-left-and-calcined-1ihq80oc.png Figure 3: XRD patterns of non-calcined (left) and calcined (right) materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tabulated-tar-distribution-of-tar-class-2-to-class-5-37g66wyz.png Table 5: Tabulated tar distribution of tar class 2 to class 5 under non-catalytic and catalytic tar cracking. (N.D.) stands for not detected. All the concentrations are expressed in mg Nm−3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-n2-adsorption-desorption-analysis-of-mussel-and-268vscx6.png Figure 2: N2 adsorption–desorption analysis of mussel and oyster derived materials before and after calcination. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-typical-specific-surface-area-ssa-of-different-vta5a5rr.png Table 3: Typical Specific Surface Area (SSA) of different catalysts used for tar cracking https://scispace.com/papers/seasonal-atmospheric-transitions-in-the-caribbean-basin-and-3wh56hl4yb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-left-right-panels-correspond-to-the-w2s-s2w-1pbpkqfk.png Fig. 4 Two left (right) panels correspond to the W2S (S2W) transition: (a),(g) average of rainfall (mm) over the Caribbean basin in the fourth week (week4(-1)) before the W2S (S2W) transition; (b),(h) difference between the amount of rainfall received on the third week (week3(-1)) before the transition minus the amount of rain in week4(-1); (c),(i) difference between the average amount of rainfall received on the second week (week2(-1)) before the transition minus the amount received during week3(-1); (d),(j) difference between the average amount of rainfall received on the first week (week1(-1)) before the transition minus the amount received during week2(-1); (e),(k) difference between the average amount of rainfall received on the first week (week1(+1)) after the transition minus the amount in week1(-1); and (f),(l) difference between the average amount of rainfall received on the second week (week2(+1)) after the transition minus week1(+1). Only the significant differences are shown based on a Monte Carlo test at level 95%. Both rainfall and rainfall differences are in mm/day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-skill-of-wt-transition-in-a-11-run-ensemble-of-the-184buxt6.png Fig. 7 (a) Skill of WT-transition in a 11-run ensemble of the ECMWF model vs. the initialization date. The x-axis shows the initialization dates and the different curves shows seven parametrizations of WT-transition (detailed in text). The observed WT-transition date occurring before the initialization dates are not used to compute the correlations between observed and the ensemble mean WT-transition. (b)–(d) Time series of observed transition dates based on the average of the 144 requests from NCEP+ERA1 (green circle), based on request #7 in the ECWMF (black circle) and the ECMWF (box plot with red line as median, upper and lower limit and upper and lower quartiles, red crosses as outliers) WT-transition for 3 initialization dates (April 19, April 26 and May 3). The WT-transition is defined using request #7 which uses the following criterion: 5 days of summer WTs not followed by 2 days of winter WTs in following 4 days after the last summer WT. The dashed horizontal line is the initialisation date and the full horizontal line is the mean of observed WT-transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-daily-evolution-of-the-olr-shadings-in-w-m2-and-sst-3qy3d14v.png Fig. 3 (a) Daily evolution of the OLR (shadings in W/m2) and SST (contours in degres C) daily mean climatology for each latitude from 10◦N to 30◦N averaged between 80◦W–50◦W. (b) WTs from the 1st January 1981 (innermost circle) to the 31st of December 2017 (outermost circle). On the circle 0 represents all the January 1st and each complete circle represent one year; (c) same as (b) but for the daily rainfall spatially averaged over the Caribbean basin and Central America (5◦N–30◦N, 50◦W–100◦W, in mm). The radial lines on the circles indicated the W2S and S2W average transition dates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-correlation-between-the-31-day-moving-average-indices-1ex88a0a.png Fig. 6 Correlation between the 31-day moving average indices and the average W2S and S2W transition date for the 1982– 2017 period. W2S (S2W) located on the left (right) panel. Top panels: W2S (S2W) vs. CarRC (blue), AmaR (pink) and CarPW (cyan); middle panels: W2S (S2W) vs. SST indices for CARS (green), PAC (cyan), EEP (pink), TNA (blue) and GMEX (orange); bottom panel: W2S (S2W) vs. 925hPa zonal wind CLLJ (pink) and CJ (blue). The dots mark significant correlation at 90% level according to Monte Carlo test. The vertical line represents the average date of transition and the vertical dotted lines represent ±1 sd. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-of-the-indices-60-days-before-and-after-the-3rphh6by.png Fig. 5 Average of the indices 60 days before and after the transition date denoted by zero on the x-axis. Indices for the W2S transition (a)–(f) and the S2W transition (g)–(l). (a),(g) rainfall CarRC (blue line), CarRP (green line) (10◦N–25◦N, 90◦W– 50◦W), and (b),(h) AmaR (1◦S–5◦S, 75◦W–50◦W) in mm/day; (c),(i) precipitable water (CarPW) (10◦N–25◦N, 80◦W–60◦W) in kg/m2; (d),(j) SST over PAC (red line) (7◦N–16◦N,110◦W–85◦W), EEP (yellow line) (5◦S–5◦N, 110◦W–80◦W), TNA (blue line) (9◦N–18◦N, 80◦W–60◦W), GMEX (purple line) (18◦N–25◦N, 95◦W–80◦W), and CarS (green line) (9◦N–18◦N, 85◦W– 60◦W), in degree Celsius; (e),(k) CLLJ (10◦N–17.5◦N, 65◦W–80◦W); and (f),(l) CJ (5◦S–7◦N, 85◦W–75◦W) in m/s. The zero (vertical line) indicate the date of transition and the dotted lines represent ±1 sd. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-day-of-the-w2s-transition-on-the-average-of-the-144-qvquwum8.png Fig. 1 (a) Day of the W2S transition on the average of the 144 requests for the NCEP+ERA1 scenario (black line with error bars corresponding to ±1 sd), for NCEP+ERA scenario (blue line with triangle), ERA scenario (orange line with triangle) and NCEP scenario (pink line with square); (b) same as (a) but for the S2W transition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-deterministic-error-rmse-between-predicted-fields-zrqyf8eo.png Fig. 9 (a) Deterministic error (= RMSE) between predicted fields and initial state for successive initialization dates indicated in the abscissa and 5 lead time shown as colored curves. The RMSE is computed on U and V components at 925hPa of each run and each year and then averaged across the 11 runs and the 20 years; (b) inter-run error amongst the 11 runs for successive initialization dates indicated in the abscissa and 5 lead time shown as colored curves. It is computed as the standard deviations amongst the 11 runs averaged across the years. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-clustering-of-the-mean-annual-cycle-of-daily-rainfall-jv5c7k4g.png Fig. 2 Clustering of the mean annual cycle of daily rainfall. The daily rainfall are extracted from CHIRPS data set and the climatological daily mean on the whole period 1981–2017 is then standardized to zero mean and unit variance. The clustering is done on the leading 25 principal components explaining 75% of the total variance. The vertical dashed line refers to the mean S2W and W2S transition dates from the NCEP+ERA1 scenario (May 13 and October 26) https://scispace.com/papers/secondary-production-of-highly-unsaturated-fatty-acids-by-1pfg46l2ww 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-species-with-high-frequencies-f-of-the-all-3j6bgrmz.png Table 4. List of species with high frequencies (F, % of the all samples taken at a given site) and 571 Sorensen similarity indexes for zoobenthos β-diversity between the sites. The frequency of a 572 species was considered as high if F ≥ 50% at least at one site. Number of samples at each site, n 573 = 20, May-September, 2012 and 2013. 574 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-standard-errors-moisture-and-organic-carbon-2wk5mkle.png Table 5 Average (± standard errors) moisture and organic carbon contents and percentages (of total fatty acids) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physico-chemical-parameters-means-standard-errors-n-2dqwxb66.png Table 1. Physico-chemical parameters (means ± standard errors, n=10, May-September 2012-553 2013) and abundance of epiphytic algal and cyanobacterial taxa in the studied sites. Biotic 554 parameters were estimated according to literature data: the Yenisei River, left bank (Sushchik et 555 al., 2010); the Yenisei River, right bank (Gaevsky et al., 2006); the Mana River (Anufrieva et al., 556 2008); the Kacha River (Gold et al., 2005). 557 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-weighted-mean-seasonal-temperature-t-o-c-weighted-1axfrsge.png Table 6. Weighted mean seasonal temperature (T, o C), weighted mean seasonal biomass of https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-constants-for-calculation-of-daily-instantaneous-197c6qnf.png Table 2. Constants for calculation of daily instantaneous growth rate of freshwater zoobenthos. 562 563 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-map-of-the-studied-area-dam-the-dam-of-krasnoyarsk-apcrbg99.png Fig. 1. Map of the studied area. Dam – the dam of Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-seasonal-production-may-september-2012-and-2iqhlbya.png Fig. 4. Average seasonal production (May-September, 2012 and 2013, 128 days) of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-content-of-eicosapentaenoic-acid-epa-in-u503qwoc.png Fig. 3. Average content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in zoobentos taxa occurred in all the https://scispace.com/papers/secrecy-sum-rate-maximization-in-non-orthogonal-multiple-4cmeih0itw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-ssr-bits-s-hz-versus-the-transmit-power-p-for-12kmckxh.png Fig. 1. Average SSR (bits/s/Hz) versus the transmit power P for different numbers of users with parameters Qm = 1 bits/s/Hz, 1 ≤ m ≤ M . https://scispace.com/papers/secure-exams-despite-malicious-management-3gtgf9lc6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wata-iv-the-message-sequence-chart-iamv6iw8.png Fig. 2. WATA IV: the message sequence chart https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-candidate-paper-sheet-vj58k3yg.png Fig. 1. The candidate paper sheet https://scispace.com/papers/secure-modular-design-of-configurable-products-19u2kh6ard 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mechanical-design-with-three-modules-l7ubl2tg.png Fig. 1. Mechanical design with three modules https://scispace.com/papers/securing-foreign-oil-a-case-for-including-military-3pvsgwf9gr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-historical-global-production-of-crude-oil-and-the-39dquikw.png Figure 2. Historical global production of crude oil and the contribution from the Middle East, with projections to 2030, in million barrels per day. Global crude oil (red), crude oil plus natural gas liquids (green), and the contribution of the Persian Gulf (blue). Persian Gulf projection from 2015 and 2030 are for crude oil plus NGL. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2008, DOE/ EIA0384(2008) (Washington, DC, 2009), pp. 315, 317; Projections from International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2008 (Paris, France: OECD/IEA, 2008), p. 251. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-oil-related-military-ghg-emissions-from-gasoline-by-1d7pz6b8.png Table 3. Oil-Related Military GHG Emissions from Gasoline by Attributional and Consequential LCA Approaches https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-crude-oil-and-natural-gas-liquids-production-and-1ny123pp.png Table 2. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production and Projections Regionally and for Selected Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inflation-adjusted-annual-value-of-u-s-imports-of-53qc99tj.png Figure 3. Inflation-adjusted annual value of U.S. imports of crude oil in billions of dollars. Constant dollars valued in the year 2000. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2008, DOE/ EIA0384(2008) (Washington, DC, 2009), p. 81. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-supply-of-u-s-crude-oil-imports-global-oil-3mi8lk70.png Figure 1. Global supply of U.S. crude oil imports, global oil reserves, maritime oil transit choke points, and the Area of Responsibility for U.S. Central Command. Countries in gray export oil to the U.S. at >0.2 mb/d or have >20 billion barrels of oil reserves. Country labels in parentheses indicate: 1) U.S. imports designated in mb/d, 2) oil reserves in billion barrels, and 3) the percentage of global reserves. Oil shipping rates at maritime choke points are for 2006. Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration, World Oil Transit Chokepoints (Washington, DC, 2008), http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-of-u-s-military-life-cycle-ghg-emissions-17jdetql.png Table 1. Estimation of U.S. Military Life Cycle GHG Emissions https://scispace.com/papers/securing-dns-services-through-system-self-cleansing-and-15vrmptaqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dns-hes-cluster-3v2rayyg.png Fig. 3: DNS-HES Cluster https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-backend-swap-routine-38xi66pw.png Fig. 8: The Backend-Swap routine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-primary-swap-routine-23q8r8vy.png Fig. 9: The Primary-Swap routine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-high-level-view-of-scit-hes-3t6f241v.png Fig. 1: A High-level View of SCIT/HES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-central-control-routine-vsubn7ki.png Fig. 10: The Central-Control routine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-is-triggered-by-only-the-rotation-of-the-primary-24jj4ea5.png Figure 4 is triggered by only the rotation of the primary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-to-enforce-the-communication-configuration-of-a-3l0jwatq.png Figure 5 to enforce the communication configuration of a cleansing server depicted in Figure 6, where the server has network paths connecting to only the central controller. As we will see later, one use of the path is for the controller to communicate the role/identity of the server when it is ready to take on a duty. By the same token, the secondary name server will be connected to the Internet and disconnected from the rest of the cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-cleansing-server-has-access-to-only-the-central-1925qemr.png Fig. 6: a cleansing server has access to only the central controller https://scispace.com/papers/sedative-effects-of-the-essential-oil-and-headspace-air-of-aesw1h75qe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spontaneous-motor-activity-of-mice-treated-with-2x2y1c9u.png Figure 3. Spontaneous motor activity of mice treated with headspace air directly transferred from the hydroponic chamber https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spontaneous-motor-activity-of-mice-treated-with-3u3jt57w.png Figure 2. Spontaneous motor activity of mice treated with eugenol https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spontaneous-motor-activity-of-mice-treated-with-1ai8eoa7.png Figure 1. Spontaneous motor activity of mice treated with Ocimum basilicum essential oil https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-schema-of-experimental-equipment-for-open-field-2zq9npwa.png Figure 5. Schema of experimental equipment for open field test with hydroponic chamber connected to glass cage https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-components-of-the-essential-oil-from-ocimum-1fr03qln.png Table 1. Components of the essential oil from Ocimum basilicum https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spme-gc-ms-chromatogram-for-air-in-the-hydroponic-ft9v2w9v.png Figure 4. SPME-GC-MS chromatogram for air in the hydroponic chamber https://scispace.com/papers/security-and-energy-harvesting-for-mimo-ofdm-networks-2hlgs77vbf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-achievable-secrecy-rate-rsec-as-a-function-of-the-1jyqpi6m.png Fig. 3. The achievable secrecy rate Rsec as a function of the number of subcarriers N . Other system parameters: K = 2 and {PA, σ2, σ̃2} = {30, 10, 10} dBm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-convergence-rate-of-the-proposed-algorithms-other-azyzyseh.png Fig. 2. The convergence rate of the proposed algorithms. Other parameters: N = 10, K = 2, and {PA, σ2, σ̃2} = {30, 10, 10} dBm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-ratio-of-total-harvested-energy-eavrtotal-to-s-2-0-19ix982z.png Fig. 8. The ratio of total harvested energy Eavrtotal to σ 2 0 as a function of the parameter PA. Two sub-cases are considered. In the first sub-case, we set {σ2, σ̃2} = {−2, 0} dBm. The second sub-case, we set {σ2, σ̃2} = {−2, 3} dBm. Other system parameters: N = 7 and K = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-ratio-of-total-harvested-energy-eavrtotal-to-s-2-bwga1o64.png Fig. 10. The ratio of total harvested energy Eavrtotal to σ 2 0 as a function of the parameter PA. Two sub-cases are considered. In the first sub-case, we set {σ2, σ̃2} = {−2, 0} dBm. The second sub-case, we set {σ2, σ̃2} = {2, 0} dBm. Other system parameters: N = 7 and K = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-ratio-of-total-harvested-energy-eavrtotal-to-s-2-0-1esuk58u.png Fig. 7. The ratio of total harvested energy Eavrtotal to σ 2 0 as a function of the parameter PA. Two sub-cases are considered. In the first sub-case, we set {σ2, σ̃2} = {−2, 0} dBm. The second sub-case, we set {σ2, σ̃2} = {−2, 3} dBm. Other system parameters: N = 7 and K = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-ratio-of-total-harvested-energy-eavrtotal-to-s-2-0-1wdi20p1.png Fig. 9. The ratio of total harvested energy Eavrtotal to σ 2 0 as a function of the parameter PA. Two sub-cases are considered. In the first sub-case, we set {σ2, σ̃2} = {−2, 0} dBm. The second sub-case, we set {σ2, σ̃2} = {2, 0} dBm. Other system parameters: N = 7 and K = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-system-model-30ya8um2.png Fig. 1. System model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-ratio-of-total-harvested-energy-eavrtotal-to-s-2-0-ggexh396.png Fig. 4. The ratio of total harvested energy Eavrtotal to σ 2 0 as a function of the number of subcarriers N . Other system parameters: K = 2 and {PA, σ2, σ̃2} = {30, 10, 10} dBm. https://scispace.com/papers/seeing-in-security-gender-and-silencing-posters-in-and-about-n246sqe9i5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-anonymous-we-want-the-vote-1908-22h3wi9d.png Figure 1. Anonymous. We Want the Vote. 1908. https://scispace.com/papers/segmentation-of-non-viable-myocardium-in-delayed-enhancement-3g107ssiot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-image-intensity-for-viable-myocardium-non-viable-2c98jch6.png Table 1. Image intensity for viable myocardium, non-viable myocardium and LV blood pool, averaged over all short-axis slices in each patient. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-results-for-each-algorithm-separated-by-14mpxfeh.png Table 2. Summary of results for each algorithm, separated by level and with all levels combined. Also shown is the mean difference (bias) between each algorithm and manual thresholding, and the results of paired t-test comparison with manual thresholding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plots-of-agreement-between-each-algorithm-and-1mp59rh9.png Figure 3. Plots of agreement between each algorithm and manual thresholding results, by Bland-Altman analysis (17). Solid lines show the mean bias for each algorithm; dashed lines are limits of agreement. Individual data points are separated by pulse sequence (mPS )IR). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-influence-of-imaging-sequence-on-thresholding-1k30fwnj.png Table 3. Influence of imaging sequence on thresholding algorithms, showing mean Percent Scar, bias and results of paired t-test between each algorithm and manual thresholding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basal-short-axis-image-from-patient-12-with-1knoso0f.png Figure 1. Basal short-axis image from patient 12, with papillary muscles evident near the anterolateral and inferolateral LV walls (arrows). For the Mean ) 2SDBP algorithm, a ROI was selected in the LV blood pool (as shown); the ROI was re stricted to the septal half to exclude the influence of papillary muscles on image intensity statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-summary-of-steps-for-thresholding-by-minimum-5sntxard.png Figure 2. Summary of steps for thresholding by Minimum Intensity algorithm. (Left) Representative basal short-axis image (patient 12), including a manually drawn contour encompassing the LV myocardium and blood pool. (Right) Histogram of all pixels within the LV epicardial contour from the image at left. Also shown is a second order polynomial fit to all data between the LV myocardium peak (A) and LV blood pool peak (C). The minimum of this polynomial (B) was defined as the threshold for differentiating viable from non-viable myocardium. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-response-of-timber-frames-with-cane-and-mortar-walls-2d8f3e9kra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-test-program-2an9r0y4.png Table 1. Summary of test program https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-test-results-1pj3c3p5.png Table 2. Summary of test results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-loading-protocol-2ox20dz9.png Figure 2. Loading protocol https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-envelope-cyclic-response-and-12ieijx2.png Figure 9. Comparison of envelope cyclic response and predicted force-displacement relationships https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-envelopes-of-the-force-displacement-hysteresis-2jx9ge8v.png Figure 6. Envelopes of the force-displacement hysteresis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-damage-state-of-the-interior-face-at-the-end-of-2kf0po0r.png Figure 7. Damage state of the interior face at the end of test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-detail-of-steel-straps-at-the-specimen-ends-3r54lzqk.png Figure 4. Detail of steel straps at the specimen ends https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cumulative-energy-dissipation-pyhy4071.png Figure 8. Cumulative energy dissipation https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-reflection-imaging-of-a-geothermal-aquifer-in-an-7und251hiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-a-comparison-of-particle-velocity-with-damage-1zb8m77v.png Fig. 6. (a) A comparison of particle velocity with damage probability for frequencies greater than 40 Hz. (b) Damage criteria. Note: (from Figure 5) frequency content for near offsets (5 m) is greater than 40 Hz for all components. Figure is modified from Siskind et al. (1980). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-interpretation-of-unmigrated-line-2-migrated-section-4acxipan.png FIG. 11. Interpretation of unmigrated line 2 (migrated section not shown due to migration artifacts from the line ends). The upper contact of the basalt from the Idaho Group reflector is inferred from line 1. The Eagle-West Boise fault is a feature seen on petroleum industry data acquired near Boise and appears in a road cut northwest of downtown. Apparent fault offset is approximately 200 m down to the west on the Eagle-West Boise fault. The section has no vertical exaggeration for 2000 m/s twtt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-unmigrated-image-of-line-2-note-the-large-amplitude-1b6yjqua.png FIG. 10. Unmigrated image of line 2. Note the large-amplitude reflection package on the east and west portion of the image from 350 to 750 ms. Also note the continuous reflectors above the large-amplitude discontinuous reflection package. The section has no vertical exaggeration for 2000 m/s twtt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-map-of-study-area-in-downtown-boise-idaho-3gvtm56l.png FIG. 1. Location map of study area in downtown Boise, Idaho. Seismic reflection line locations, walkaway test sites, Boise City geothermal pipes, and geothermal wells are identified. Asterisk along Line 1 represents selected injection site. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-processing-flow-for-the-seismic-reflection-data-the-3r0kiafm.png Table 1. Processing flow for the seismic reflection data. The data were processed using Landmark's ProMAX processing system on a DEC UNIX workstation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-unmigrated-image-of-line-1-this-line-extends-from-the-2joo46mw.png FIG. 7. Unmigrated image of line 1. This line extends from the Boise River north to the Boise range front. Note the large amplitude reflection package (event A) dipping south through the downtown Boise region. The section has no vertical exaggeration for 2000 m/s twtt. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geologic-cross-section-through-downtown-boise-based-on-29xv4pkq.png FIG. 2. Geologic cross section through downtown Boise based on local geothermal wells (from Burnham and Wood, 1985). The section has equal horizontal and vertical scales. The site for the Fort Boise walkaway seismic test is shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-synthetic-seismogram-generated-from-the-state-of-idaho-1p2hcls1.png FIG. 8. Synthetic seismogram generated from the State of Idaho injection well's sonic log compared to the adjacent migrated seismic traces. The synthetic seismogram was calculated using a 40-Hz wavelet. Marker volcanic units from the lithologic log are labeled: b = basalt, r = rhyolite. Note a strong correlation between the upper basalt unit and event A. https://scispace.com/papers/seismic-modelling-of-the-late-be-stars-hd-181231-and-hd-4p725nnkfr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-match-to-hd-181231-calculated-using-nro-svd0zli1.png Fig. 4. Frequency match to HD 181231 calculated using NRO models. Solid lines indicate observed frequencies, arbitrarily attributed to = 2. Dashed lines indicate the model frequencies and their value of . In this case, the frequencies are best matched by modes with = 1 to 5, and only one mode is axisymmetric. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequencies-of-hd-181231-observed-with-corot-bottom-3d178hr7.png Fig. 3. Frequencies of HD 181231 observed with CoRoT (bottom panel) and growth rate and azimuthal order of the modelled frequencies of low degree ( ≤ 2) (top panels) excited in a 5.5 and 6 M star with a core overshooting of 0.35 Hp, calculated with the Tohoku code. Colours indicate the parity of the mode: even modes in solid red and odd modes in dashed blue lines. Stellar parameters used in the two models are indicated at the top of each model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effective-temperature-in-log-gravity-projected-1vglbv3z.png Table 1. Effective temperature (in log), gravity, projected rotational velocity, inclination angle, equatorial radius, mass, luminosity, and rotational frequency of the two late Be stars HD 181231 and HD 175869. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-same-as-fig-3-but-for-the-star-hd-175869-3fnp35j2.png Fig. 5. Same as Fig. 3 but for the star HD 175869. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolutionary-tracks-in-the-hr-diagram-for-5-m-models-1tboyz1v.png Fig. 6. Evolutionary tracks in the HR diagram for 5 M models, calculated with the Geneva code. The continuous and dashed lines indicate models with an initial velocity of 350 km s−1 and without rotation, respectively. Both models are computed without overshooting. The dotted line corresponds to a non-rotating models with an overshoot parameter of 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-evolution-of-the-enrichment-in-n-for-a-5-m-model-3qhx4oye.png Fig. 7. Evolution of the enrichment in N for a 5 M model calculated with the Geneva code. The dashed blue line shows the evolution for a model without rotation, while the solid black line shows the rotating model with an initial velocity of 350 km s−1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-chances-that-a-magnetic-field-in-hd-181231-and-hd-1yu97r63.png Fig. 8. Chances that a magnetic field in HD 181231 and HD 175869 would have been detected at 3σ and 5σ detection levels in at least one of the 18 Narval measurements according to the strength of the dipolar magnetic field. Dashed horizontal lines indicate the 50% and 90% detection probability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-estimated-positions-of-hd-181231-log-teff-4-155-and-hd-vyeguykj.png Fig. 1. Estimated positions of HD 181231 (log Teff = 4.155) and HD 175869 (log Teff = 4.079) on the log Teff − log g plane (black dots) with evolutionary tracks of M/M = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 with a standard chemical composition of (X,Z) = (0.07, 0.02). Dotted lines are the evolutionary tracks of M/M = 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6 with a convective-core overshooting of 0.35Hp. There is no rotation included in these tracks. Open squares and circles indicate the positions of models for HD 181231 and HD 175869, respectively (see below). https://scispace.com/papers/selection-des-varietes-locales-et-techniques-de-culture-du-14xfmni222 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representation-schematique-de-la-croissance-5cze6qzg.png Figure 1. Représentation schématique de la croissance annuelle d’un rameau de figuier (selon Lauri [8]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-determination-des-differentes-formes-de-la-figue-27b9ufah.png Figure 2. Détermination des différentes formes de la figue (selon Goor [1]). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-classement-des-varietes-de-figuier-appartenant-au-rfdqxg9q.png Table II. Classement des variétés de figuier appartenant au groupe des fruits vert-jaune, à partir des caractéristiques de leurs fruits. https://scispace.com/papers/selecting-a-reduced-set-for-building-sparse-support-vector-2rt6l6jawl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flowchart-of-ssvr-srs-3badb6r3.png Table 1. Flowchart of SSVR-SRS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparisons-of-ssvr-srs-rsvm-and-rss-on-bank32nh-3dzfv0u6.png Fig. 3. Comparisons of SSVR-SRS, RSVM and RSS on Bank32nh https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparisons-of-ssvr-srs-rsvm-and-rss-on-friedman3-1s0jcrs2.png Fig. 5. Comparisons of SSVR-SRS, RSVM and RSS on Friedman3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-training-time-of-four-algorithms-on-benchmark-data-2uhd3fj1.png Table 5. Training time of four algorithms on benchmark data sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparisons-of-ssvr-srs-rsvm-and-rss-on-abalone-2nkjtvnh.png Fig. 1. Comparisons of SSVR-SRS, RSVM and RSS on Abalone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparisons-of-ssvr-srs-rsvm-and-rss-on-house81-z4h7hsnu.png Fig. 4. Comparisons of SSVR-SRS, RSVM and RSS on House81 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparisons-of-ssvr-srs-rsvm-and-rss-on-bank8fh-y0yp2fs7.png Fig. 2. Comparisons of SSVR-SRS, RSVM and RSS on Bank8fh https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-information-on-benchmark-data-sets-zxmm0k9g.png Table 2. Information on benchmark data sets https://scispace.com/papers/selective-abstraction-for-estimating-extra-functional-sqjxqnrjzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-some-commands-of-graph-assembly-language-2sbbgm1k.png Table I SOME COMMANDS OF GRAPH ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-concept-of-incremental-abstraction-in-a-1qxqg26p.png Figure 2. The concept of incremental abstraction in a modelling workflow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-and-performance-results-for-different-3c6lj5u3.png Figure 5. Power and performance results for different interconnect configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-results-for-different-cache-miss-rates-b7tcjy9n.png Figure 6. Performance results for different cache miss rates for bus interconnect (on the left) and NoC(b) interconnect (on the right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-simulation-time-and-precision-2564zw57.png Table III SIMULATION TIME AND PRECISION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simulating-euclids-algorithm-for-gcd-a-b-in-this-10eefbnt.png Figure 1. Simulating Euclid’s algorithm for GCD(a, b). In this example, resources are hardware units with data dependencies between them. Allowed graph configurations G0, G1, and G2 are shown on the right. Allowed transitions between these configurations are called Resource graph evolution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-noc-configurations-2anpkb6h.png Figure 4. Example NoC configurations. https://scispace.com/papers/selection-on-stability-across-ecological-scales-3i0rcr5m6v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-predator-prey-richness-ratios-in-freshwater-1wnkwndo.png Figure 3. Predator–prey richness ratios in freshwater invertebrate communities after [44], compared with the predicted ratio of 1:3 (broken line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-four-hypothetical-intraguild-predation-communities-1nrmk23l.png Figure I. Four hypothetical intraguild predation communities, at the top is the intraguild predator, the middle is the intraguild prey, and the bottom is the shared resource. Arrows point in the direction of energy flow and their width represents interaction strength. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-empirical-relation-between-handling-time-and-236bed32.png Figure 1. The empirical relation between handling time and attack rates. (A) Published attack rates (day 1 ind 1) and handling times (day 1) for 57 species; see [12] for details. (B) Empirical relation between the species-specific handling times (days) and per capita attack rates (prey eaten pred 1 prey 1 m 2 day 1) of two predatory whelk species feeding on their prey (n = 181; M. Novak, PhD thesis, University of Chicago, 2008). Inset shows the relation at low attack rates. https://scispace.com/papers/selective-anion-binding-by-a-cofacial-binuclear-zinc-complex-1aq07yxijd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-x-ray-crystal-structure-of-k-thf-6-zn-cl-l-2thf-29bok3pb.png Figure 1.The X-ray crystal structure of [K(THF)6][Zn(-Cl)(L)]2THF (displacement ellipsoids are drawn at 50 % probability). For clarity, the [K(THF)6] + cation, THF solvent of crystallization and all hydrogen atoms are omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-h-nmr-spectra-of-zn2-l-in-thf-recorded-at-1ot3rhhr.png Figure 4. 1 H NMR spectra of [Zn2(L)] in THF recorded at concentrations ranging from 0.1 mM (top) to 4.8 mM (bottom). The stars indicate the position of the resonances of the monomeric species. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-itc-data-in-dmf-and-thf-for-the-titration-of-1-1-mm-3l9isujq.png Table 1. ITC data in DMF and THF for the titration of 1.1 mM solution of [Zn2(L)], which by a 10mM solution of anion. a 20 mM guest solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-calculated-and-experimental-italicized-1q6z8ysq.png Table 2. Comparison of calculated and experimental (italicized) structural parameters and counterpoisecorrected, solvated anion binding energies for [Zn2(-X)(L)] - where X = OH, Cl, Br, I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-itc-traces-of-the-titration-of-1-11-mm-zn2-l-by-10-3533alh4.png Figure 6. ITC traces of the titration of 1.11 mM [Zn2(L)] by 10.16 mM n Bu4NCl in THF: (a) full trace; (b) fitting profile for de-aggregation phenomenon (n = 0.6); and (c) fitting profile for binding event (n = 1.1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-x-ray-crystal-structure-of-n-bu4n-zn2-m-oh-l-37b0pk93.png Figure 2.The X-ray crystal structure of [ n Bu4N][Zn2(μ-OH)(L)] (displacement ellipsoids are drawn at 50 % probability). For clarity, the n Bu4N + counter-ion and all hydrogen atoms except on the oxygen atom O1 are omitted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-itc-traces-corresponding-to-the-titration-of-zn2-l-1zbfjc3d.png Figure 5. ITC traces corresponding to the titration of [Zn2(L)] with n Bu4NCl in DMF: (a) 50 o C, 1.12 mM, n = 0.17; (b) 25 o C, 0.67 mM, n = 0.44; (c) 25 o C, 0.34 mM, n = 0.18; (d) 25 o C, 0.13 mM, n = n/a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-reaction-between-zn2-l-16-mm-and-n-bu4ncl-in-d5-8a6z2o6y.png Figure 3. The reaction between [Zn2(L)] (16 mM) and n Bu4NCl in d5-pyridine monitored over time by 1 H NMR spectroscopy (only the aromatic region shown). https://scispace.com/papers/selenium-containing-heterocycles-from-isoselenocyanates-4-4f3ee5fhoa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1o9thrbw.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preparation-of-selenazole-derivatives-12-from-66y3mc6c.png Table 1. Preparation of Selenazole Derivatives 12 from Isoselenocyanates 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3hbz8jmb.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/self-adaptation-of-software-using-automatically-generated-17h94i3a7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-goal-transformation-phase-of-simca-wumg24qg.png Fig. 6: Goal Transformation phase of SimCA*. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dealing-with-requirement-changes-in-simca-numbers-in-3jq75ws3.png Fig. 7: Dealing with requirement changes in SimCA*. Numbers in circles/diamonds show the sequence of actions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-two-operational-phases-of-pbm-34pemv3e.png Fig. 3: The two operational phases of PBM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-typical-control-theoretical-feedback-loop-216rczm6.png Fig. 1: A typical control-theoretical feedback loop https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-self-adaptive-system-with-amocs-ma-1t74tdv0.png Fig. 8: A self-adaptive system with AMOCS-MA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-self-adaptive-software-with-amocs-for-2-goals-29my7air.png Fig. 4: A self-adaptive software with AMOCS (for 2 goals). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-research-in-automated-control-theoretical-software-1qsg5ixj.png Fig. 2: Research in automated control-theoretical software adaptation: progress steps (left) and approaches (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-self-adaptive-software-with-simca-32iprfwt.png Fig. 5: A self-adaptive software with SimCA. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-of-cubes-into-2d-hexagonal-and-honeycomb-3aua8do4dr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-for-f111g-oriented-adsorbed-cubes-with-side-l-uy51aj2v.png FIG. 2. Results for f111g-oriented adsorbed cubes with side L and Young’s contact angle θ ¼ 90°. (a) Interaction energy per particle ~E2 [Eq. (2)] of two cubes, in units of Σγ (see text), as a function of their center-of-mass distance D, for five relative orientations of their hexapole deformations, sketched in the insets with blue spots for depressions and red spots for rises. The main graph shows the two attractive configurations, where (violet curve) a red-blue dipole approaches another red-blue dipole, and (green curve) a red-blue-red tripole approaches another red-blue-red tripole. The inset shows the two repulsive counterparts and an almost “neutral” dipole-tripole pair. The violet and green vertical dotted lines represent the cube contact distance for the dipole-dipole and tripole-tripole attachments, respectively. As cos θ ¼ 0, the system is invariant under exchange of red and blue. (b), (c) Sketch of the hexagonal (b) and honeycomb (c) lattices, formed by dipole-dipole and tripole-tripole attached cubes, respectively. Particle-particle distances are only schematic. In the hexagonal lattice, all cubes have the same azimuthal orientation, whereas in the honeycomb, each neighbor is rotated by π. (d) Interaction energy per particle ~E∞ [Eq. (2)], as a function of D, for a periodic (N → ∞) hexagonal (violet curve) and honeycomb (green curve) lattice, formed by dipole-dipole and tripole-tripole interacting cubes, respectively. The two insets illustrate the lattice unit cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-configuration-of-a-cubic-particle-at-a-fluid-fluid-2rm0oifl.png FIG. 1. (a) Configuration of a cubic particle at a fluid-fluid interface. (b) Adsorption energy E1 [Eq. (1)] of a single cube (side L) at a fluid-fluid interface, in units of Σγ (see text), minimized over the center of mass height zc and the internal Euler angle ψ [see (a)], as a function of the polar angle φ, for Young’s contact angle cos θ ¼ 0 and cos θ ¼ 0.3. The blue and red lines include and neglect capillarity, respectively. The labels f100g, f110g, and f111g indicate the cube’s orientation in each minimum of the energy. The insets show, for the equilibrium configurations, a 3D view of the interface shape (blue grid) close to the particle (black grid), as calculated by our method. (c) 3D illustration of the f100g, f110g, and f111g orientations of a cube, where the red grid represents a plane parallel to the flat interface. (d) Contour plots of the deformed-interface height profile for the global minimum-energy configuration of the cube. For cos θ ¼ 0, a hexapolar deformation emerges, while for cos θ ¼ 0.3, the interface is essentially undeformed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temperature-density-phase-diagram-for-the-adsorbed-ftyfitap.png FIG. 3. Temperature-density phase diagram for the adsorbed cubes. In colors, we show the honeycomb-lattice (h), hexagonallattice (x), and disordered-fluid (f) phases. The gray area indicates phase coexistence. The normalized density ϑ is 1 for the x-phase closest packing density. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-of-colloidal-hematite-cubes-a-microradian-x-3117b9srlc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2d-mrad-xrd-patterns-of-the-sediments-of-silica-coated-289nf6p2.png Fig. 6 2D mrad-XRD patterns of the sediments of silica coated hematite cubes of different sizes (a) C15_Si with D ¼ 340 nm, (b) F1_Si with D ¼ 667 nm and (c) V5_Si with D ¼ 1028 nm. All patterns show distinct hexagonal Bragg peaks indicating layered ordering with a brick-wall-like layered stacking induced by the cube shape. (d) A schematic representation of the layered structure, showing the origin of the hexagonal peaks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-particle-properties-of-the-hematite-cubes-and-silica-3ugrh5ep.png Table 1 Particle properties of the hematite cubes and silica coated hematite cubes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tem-images-of-differently-sized-hematite-cubes-used-6qkks2rg.png Fig. 1 TEM images of differently sized hematite cubes used for the experiments: (a) C15 with D¼ 269 nm, (b) V5_Si with D¼ 1028 nm, (c) L2 with D¼ 533 nm and (d) L2_Si with D¼ 652 nm. The ‘_Si’ denotes that the cubes are coated with a silica shell. In the TEM images the shell can be seen as a light grey layer around the darker cores. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2d-mrad-xrd-patterns-of-the-sediment-of-hematite-cubes-10n3kygu.png Fig. 3 2D mrad-XRD patterns of the sediment of hematite cubes L2 with D ¼ 533 nm in different solvents: (a) Millipore water, (b) 200mMphosphate buffer, pH 9.2 and (c) 6 mM TMAH, pH 9; (d) 2D mrad-XRD pattern of cube J1 with D ¼ 1055 nm at pH 3. Single crystal structures are seen for L2 and J1 at high surface charge. The insets show schematic representations of the cube charges and changing Debye length. The black wedge is the shadow of the beamstop to protect the detector from the direct X-ray beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-photographs-of-the-sediments-of-silica-coated-hematite-kijm6gig.png Fig. 4 Photographs of the sediments of silica coated hematite cubes (a) C15_Si with D ¼ 340 nm and (b) L2_Si with D ¼ 652 nm dispersed in water and ethanol. Cubes dispersed in water adsorb slightly onto the glass wall, while strong Bragg reflections are visible for the cubes dispersed in ethanol, indicating ordering in the sediments. https://scispace.com/papers/self-assembly-of-diphenylalanine-with-preclick-components-as-438b7kkwro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-for-the-antiparallel-and-parallel-assemblies-formed-1f8zggoo.png Table 2. For the antiparallel and parallel assemblies formed by three Poc-FF-N3 strands and optimized at the M06L/6-31G(d), M06L-D3/6-31G(d) and B3LYP-D3/6-31G(d) levels: relative energy (E), average hydrogen bonding parameters, and average - stacking distances involving the azide and alkyne terminal groups of adjacent molecules. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-self-assemblies-observed-in-this-work-2o1hh3ai.png Table 1. Summary of the self-assemblies observed in this work for Poc-FF-N3 and N3-FF-OPrp. The experimental conditions are provided in each case. https://scispace.com/papers/self-consistent-charge-and-dipole-density-functional-tight-7ik65i75d0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-perpendicular-polarizability-per-unit-cell-a3-of-34y9ywy8.png Table C.2: Perpendicular polarizability per unit cell (Å3) of monolayer graphene using DFT calculated with different standard basis sets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-polarizabilities-a-or-a-of-various-carbon-291fce5q.png Table 1: Calculated polarizabilities (α or α⊥) of various carbon-based systems using self-consistent charge (SCC) and dipole extension (SCCD) DFTB with different parameters τp , compared with previous calculated and experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-calculated-mean-polarizability-of-various-e7kod9z5.png Figure 1: Calculated mean polarizability of various fullerenes and lateral polarizability per unit length of various CNTs using SCCD-DFTB with different parameter value τp for dipole distribution. The arrows indicate the standard parameter for charge τq . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calculated-lateral-polarizability-with-respect-to-1eqg4q4n.png Figure 2: Calculated lateral polarizability with respect to radius squared of a set of CNTs using SCC- and SCCD-DFTB, and for comparison results using DFT-PBE from Ref. [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-3-comparison-of-changes-in-rooted-calculated-1ep5i9r9.png Figure B.3: Comparison of changes in rooted calculated polarizabilities (∆α1/γ) of a set of fullerenes (γ= 3) and carbon nanotubes (γ= 2) obtained from various dipole distribution parameter τp . The reference values are those obtained using τp = τq (= 1.16). https://scispace.com/papers/self-diffusion-of-lithium-in-amorphous-lithium-niobate-34infcfc2f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-isotope-hetero-structure-on-a-sapphire-2y68i3cm.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the isotope hetero-structure on a sapphire substrate after the sputtering process. Thicknesses: 6LiNbO3 layer ∼ 20–50 nm; 7LiNbO3 layer ∼ 800 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-compilation-of-parameters-of-the-diffusion-21sz7d6f.png Table 2. Compilation of parameters of the diffusion experiments at temperatures between 333 and 423 K done on different samples. T is the annealing temperature, t0 is the starting time, ta is the annealing time, R(t0) is the diffusion length at t0 as obtained from Fig. 4, and R is the diffusion length obtained from the fit with Eq. (2). D is the calculated lithium self-diffusivity. Typical relative errors attributed to the diffusivities from the fitting of Eq. (2) are about 30–40%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-diffusivities-d-of-lithium-in-amorphous-lithium-2c0gp871.png Fig. 6. Diffusivities (D) of lithium in amorphous lithium niobate as a function of reciprocal temperature in comparison to the diffusivities of a lithium niobate single crystal [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-a-linbo3-sputter-layer-37zgal9a.png Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns of a LiNbO3 sputter layer after deposition and after annealing at 623 K and 773 K, respectively. All Bragg peaks correspond to the LiNbO3 phase (space group R3c) [1]. For clarity, the patterns are shifted to higher intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-atomic-fraction-of-6li-as-a-function-of-depth-measured-4mj142me.png Fig. 3. Atomic fraction of 6Li as a function of depth, measured with SIMS for different storing times at room temperature without any additional annealing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-r2-as-function-of-storage-time-at-room-temperature-as-59wold2t.png Fig. 4. R2 as function of storage time at room temperature. As an example, the determination of R(t0) is illustrated for the sample annealed at 423 K (t0 = 2.72 h, R(t0)= 183 nm). Experimental data: squares; linear fit: straight line. https://scispace.com/papers/self-dual-ginzburg-landau-vortices-in-a-disk-3zeb5f1osm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-density-contributions-near-the-edge-for-various-2q2qey5k.png FIG. 2. Energy density contributions near the edge for various terms (R∗ = 10, n = 1 and Φ = 6Φ0). The filled line corresponds to the term B2, the dashed-dotted line corresponds to the |φ|2|∇χ − A|2 term , and the dashed line to the term |∇Φ|2. Note that the B2 term provides the largest contribution to the energy and thus cannot be neglected. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-magnetization-m-qe2-as-a-function-of-the-external-i2esulp3.png FIG. 3. The magnetization −M/(qη2) as a function of the external flux Φ/Φ0 for R ∗ = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-vortex-solution-and-angular-component-the-current-j-r-2kri9wum.png FIG. 1. Vortex solution and angular component the current j(r) for R = 10, n = 1 and Φ = 6Φ0. https://scispace.com/papers/self-consistent-dynamic-models-of-steady-ionization-fronts-i-4vnn977xu6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-parameters-3pt6x9e5.png TABLE 1 Model Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dynamic-slab-solutions-from-the-simplified-model-2ghvyv07.png Fig. 3.—Dynamic slab solutions from the simplified model developed in Appendix A: ¼ 30, low ionization parameter, fat ionization front (left panel ); ¼ 3000, high ionization parameter, thin ionization front (right panel ). Electron density (solid line) and gas velocity (dashed line) are shown in each case for six models with Mm ¼ 0:0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 0.99 (right to left). Electron density is normalized by the fiducial density nm, velocity is normalized by the maximum sound speed cm, and distance is normalized by the static Strömgren depth z0 (see Appendix A for details). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-structure-of-model-zh007-as-a-function-of-depth-from-3im0vod4.png Fig. 8.—Structure of model ZH007 as a function of depth from the illuminated face. All panels as in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-structure-of-model-zh007-as-a-function-of-electron-1ynv7vh7.png Fig. 9.—Structure of model ZH007 as a function of electron fraction, ne /n. Panels (a)–(c) as in Fig. 8. (d ) Ionization fractions of H+ (medium weight line), He+ (thick line), and He+2 (thin line). (e) Partial contributions to the total pressure: thermal gas pressure (medium weight line), magnetic pressure (thin line), and ram pressure (thick line). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-emission-line-properties-from-weak-d-photoionization-t9wtwrup.png TABLE 2 Emission-Line Properties from Weak-D Photoionization Models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-face-on-emission-line-profiles-of-model-zl009-1p2ww1ro.png Fig. 7.—Face-on emission line profiles of model ZL009 including thermal broadening: H k6563 (thick solid line), [N ii] k6584 (thin solid line), [O i] k6300 (thick dashed line), [S ii] k6731 (thin dashed line), and [O iii] k5007 (dotted line). All lines are normalized to their peak intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-structure-of-model-zhr012-which-includes-the-26ihgj1h.png Fig. 16.—Structure of model ZHR012, which includes the continuum radiation force. (a) Velocity and isothermal sound speed. (b) Partial contributions to the total pressure: thermal gas pressure (medium weight line), ram pressure (thin line), integrated radiative force (thick line), resonance line radiation pressure (dashed line), and magnetic pressure (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-mean-velocities-of-common-optical-emission-lines-from-36gruibm.png Fig. 17.—Mean velocities of common optical emission lines from planeparallel advective models in face-on orientation. The ionization potential of the parent ion increases from left to right. https://scispace.com/papers/self-enforcing-trade-credit-3y702fco0b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-per-period-profits-when-r-q-10-q-q-c-2-and-s-u-0-1-27umwt0t.png Figure 6: Per period profits when R(q) = (10− q) q, c = 2 and s ∼ U (0, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timing-of-the-game-m-stands-for-manufacturer-and-r-6lpyvd0c.png Figure 1: Timing of the game. M stands for Manufacturer and R for Retailer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-expected-termination-when-r-q-10-q-q-c-2-and-s-u-0-37x53jhc.png Figure 5: Expected termination when R(q) = (10− q) q, c = 2 and s ∼ U (0, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimal-quantity-when-r-q-10-q-q-c-2-and-s-u-0-1-2hredsvz.png Figure 4: Optimal quantity when R(q) = (10− q) q, c = 2 and s ∼ U (0, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-s-when-r-q-10-q-q-c-2-and-s-u-0-1-18p89l5c.png Figure 3: s∗ when R(q) = (10− q) q, c = 2 and s ∼ U (0, 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-optimal-regime-when-r-q-10-q-q-and-c-2-ouy5gyd0.png Figure 2: Optimal regime when R(q) = (10− q) q and c = 2. https://scispace.com/papers/self-fulfilling-debt-crises-revisited-the-art-of-the-50tibaqiwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-equilibrium-price-schedule-crisis-3nvnj7c4.png Figure 3: Equilibrium Price Schedule: Crisis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-non-crisis-r-eg-behavior-response-to-g-1z5u2rdl.png Figure 6: Non-crisis (ρ = EG) Behavior: Response to g https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-i-set-prior-to-simulation-1gdfi6nf.png Table 1: Parameters I: Set Prior to Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timing-within-a-period-1p9e73v0.png Figure 1: Timing Within a Period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-values-and-prices-ufp9g5tt.png Figure 2: Values and Prices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-equilibrium-price-schedule-alternative-models-34cjnvrm.png Figure 8: Equilibrium Price Schedule: Alternative Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-crisis-spreads-1qam9m97.png Figure 4: Crisis Spreads https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-defaults-1gp3axdf.png Table 3: Defaults https://scispace.com/papers/self-healing-collagen-based-hydrogel-for-brain-injury-vqj1i7w3i9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-representative-micrographs-from-drgs-cultured-in-gels-ma2b7h3n.png Fig. 6 Representative micrographs from DRGs cultured in gels made with (a) 1.5 mg/mL laminin and 1.5 mg/ml collagen I, (b) 1.5 mg/mL collagen 1 only (control), and (c) 1.5 mg/mL fibronectin and 1.5 mg/mL collagen I. Scale bar is 200 μm. The laminin-containing gels (a) had significantly more neurite outgrowth and greater length than the collagen I only gel (b). The fibronectincontaining gels (c) had significantly less neurite outgrowth and shorter neurites than the collagen I only gel (b). Adapted with permission from reference [22]. Copyright 2007 Taylor & Francis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-mechanical-stiffness-increases-with-increasing-90qelh3x.png Fig. 11 Mechanical stiffness increases with increasing concentration of collagen; however, the addition of LN did not alter the stiffness. Mechanical stiffness of collagen gels with added LN was measured by the overall modulus, G with oscillatory shear rheometry within the linear viscoelastic range. Significance ( p < 0.05) is noted by the symbols for plain gels only: compared to 0.4 mgmL 1 collagen gels, # compared to 0.6 mgmL 1 collagen gels, @ compared to 0.8 mgmL 1 collagen gels, + compared to 1.0 mg mL 1 collagen gels, % compared to 1.25 mg mL 1 collagen gels, and & compared to 1.5 mg mL 1 collagen gels. No differences were noted with added LN within any concentration of collagen. Adapted with permission from reference [34]. Copyright 2012 Institute of Physics Publishing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-p6-ns-pc-grown-in-3d-express-gaba-glutamate-and-1yjlbnfg.png Fig. 1 P6 NS/PC grown in 3D express GABA, glutamate, and synapsin I upon growth factor withdrawal (WD). (a) GABA-positive neurons are formed after 5 days of WD, and, after 11 days of WD, most bIII-tubulin-positive neurons are GABA immunoreactive. Signal from βIII-tubulin removed; arrows indicate neurons. 3,200. (b) Neurons expressing βIII-tubulin are not synapsin I positive after 5 days of withdrawal. After 11 days of withdrawal, most βIII-tubulin-positive cells are synapsin I positive (blue). Signal from βIII-tubulin removed; arrows indicate neurons. 3,200. (c) After 11 days of withdrawal, mature neurons expressing NF-H (red) are expressing GABA (blue left, right arrowhead). Cells are also expressing glutamate (red right, arrow). Signal from EGFP has been removed. 3,200. Adapted with permission from reference [19], Copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-neurite-length-after-24-h-for-each-collagen-2jqxb0pv.png Fig. 5 Average neurite length after 24 h for each collagen gel concentration. Statistical differences ({) were noted between lengths in 1.5 and 2.0 mg/mL gels and those in the range from 0.4–1.0 mg/ mL. Error bars are SEM, n 100 for each sample type. Adapted with permission from reference [21]. Copyright 2007 Springer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-neurite-growth-on-collagen-scaffold-with-laminin-5xxpeiii.png Fig. 10 Neurite growth on collagen scaffold with laminin peptide gradient. (a) Neurite growth on collagen scaffold without laminin peptide gradient. Neurite growth on (b) native collagen scaffold and on (c) cross-linked collagen scaffold with laminin peptide gradient. Scale bar: 100 μm. Adapted with permission from reference [32]. Copyright 2010 Wiley Periodicals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-of-cell-culture-assays-in-collagen-hydrogels-y4585qf0.png Fig. 8 Results of cell culture assays in collagen hydrogels with or without incorporated nG3PCBD. (a, b) Phase-contrast microphotographs of cells cultured for 48 h in (a) a pure collagen hydrogel and (b) a collagen hydrogel containing nG3P-CBD. Bars: 100 μm. (c, d) Fluorescent microphotographs of cells cultured for 48 h in (c) a pure collagen hydrogel and (d) a collagen hydrogel containing nG3P-CBD. Cells were stained with calcein-AM (live cells in green) and propidium iodide (dead cells in red). Bars: 100 μm. Adapted with permission from reference [24]. Copyright 2009 The American Chemical Society https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-viability-of-cells-cultured-for-24-and-48-h-in-149cqy48.png Fig. 9 The viability of cells cultured for 24 and 48 h in (open circle) collagen hydrogels containing nG3P-CBD or (filled circle) pure collagen hydrogels. Data are expressed as mean standard deviation for n ¼ 4. Statistically significant ( p < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test). Reproduced with permission from reference [24]. Copyright 2009 The American Chemical Society https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scanning-electron-microscopy-sem-example-of-a-dorsal-1kn1v85m.png Fig. 3 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) example of a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) loaded onto the collagen matrix. Scale bar ¼ 500 μm. Adapted with permission from reference [20]. Copyright 2007 Mary Ann Liebert https://scispace.com/papers/self-fulfilling-expectations-and-the-inflation-of-the-1970s-4ap3ibdz2u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-responses-to-a-shock-to-expected-inflation-3vipoyn8.png Figure 6. Responses to a Shock to Expected Inflation https://scispace.com/papers/self-organized-pattern-formation-increases-functional-4jgvdmgkew 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-and-values-of-the-model-parameters-36g00v1z.png Table 1: Description and values of the model parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-degree-of-trait-diversity-maintenance-depends-11z6ldok.png Figure 3: The degree of trait diversity maintenance depends on the mobility of the autotrophs. In panel a) the mean trait variance ν across 6 patches is shown as a measure of local diversity, in b) the variance of mean trait values φ̄ signifies regional diversity. Results were obtained as arithmetic means over 100 simulation runs with randomized initial conditions, error bars denote standard errors. In panels c) and d), the fraction of simulation runs in which local (c, mean(ν) > 10−5) or regional (d, var(φ̄) > 10−2) diversity were maintained, are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exemplary-time-series-of-autotroph-biomass-2ufmj2wa.png Figure 2: Exemplary time series of autotroph biomass densities (top row), mean traits φ̄ (middle row) and trait variances ν (bottom row, y-axes are scaled with the number at the top left corner of the panels) for spatial systems in cases 1 to 4 with 6 patches. In cases 1 and 2, dN = 10−2, in cases 3 and 4, dN = 1. In all four cases, dA = 10−5 and dH = 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-example-of-a-static-turing-pattern-here-31rwe87o.png Figure 1: a) Example of a static Turing pattern. Here, vegetation (green) and bare soil (yellow) form a labyrinth-like pattern (created with the arid ecosystem model in [Rietkerk et al., 2002]). b) Conceptual representation of the local food chain model. The autotroph community exhibits a continuous (logit-normal) distribution of the trait φ, characterized by the mean φ̄ and the variance ν. A low trait value signifies a low attack rate of the heterotrophs (due to high investment into defense by the autotrophs), at the cost of a low maximal growth rate (visualised by thin arrows), whereas a high trait value leads to a high attack rate but also a high maximal growth rate (thick arrows). c) Shape of the trade-off between maximal growth rate r(φ) vs. attack rate a(φ), mediated by the trait φ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correspondence-between-turing-instability-and-local-3hhwm7x3.png Figure 4: Correspondence between Turing instability and local diversity. Panels a) and c) show the maximum eigenvalue and Floquet multiplier, respectively, of the matrices Tk (Eq. (12)), panels b) and d) show on a logarithmic scale the mean trait variance (averaged over patches and simulation runs), .i.e., the local diversity. For a) and b), the undefended attractor is a fixed point (amax = 1.3), for c) and d) it is a limit cycle (amax = 2.0). In both cases, dA = 10−5. https://scispace.com/papers/self-organised-structures-in-the-field-of-ict-challenges-for-1pj6qjnyis 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-summary-of-findings-3nbozk8q.png Figure 1: Summary of findings. https://scispace.com/papers/self-reported-load-carriage-injuries-of-military-soldiers-3hue6xzu3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-respondents-495-29m9zo9d.png Table 1: Demographic characteristics of respondents 495 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-of-self-reported-load-carriage-injuries-2r10q3f7.png Figure 3: Histogram of self-reported load carriage injuries by nature of injury 504 https://scispace.com/papers/self-reported-neurocognitive-impairment-in-people-living-9qui11tq4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-chart-to-illustrate-the-study-design-33z4oo4f.png Figure 1 Flow chart to illustrate the study design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1v0py7ya.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1fldcxn1.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-22xpwpd0.png Figure 1 Flow chart to illustrate the study design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-337rxr0i.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/papers/semi-automatic-registration-of-3d-orthodontics-models-from-wa8zlc1y31 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reprojection-error-before-and-after-optimization-for-2603n1ap.png Table 4. Reprojection error before and after optimization for the fully automatic extraction point case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reprojection-errors-before-and-after-optimization-2o5ndkm6.png Table 2.Reprojection errors before and after optimization depending on the applied method. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3d-errors-after-registration-according-to-different-1jajjkna.png Table 3. 3D errors after registration according to different methods for estimating the projection matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-global-optimization-of-the-projection-matrix-with-2r1cq118.png Figure 6. Global optimization of the projection matrix with the point positions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-final-registration-of-mandible-for-an-automatic-3r9sl989.png Figure 10. Final registration of mandible for an automatic thresholding outline case with an optimization of 2D point positions step https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-superimposition-of-outlines-obtained-by-a-manual-32yoc5os.png Figure 9. Superimposition of outlines obtained by a manual thresholding (black) and an automatic thresholding (gray) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-model-registration-by-2d-3d-matching-between-291gexgf.png Figure 1. 3D model registration by 2D/3D matching between photos and 3D dental arch models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-subset-of-the-mesh-defined-starting-from-a-point-rjjv54qf.png Figure 7. A subset of the mesh defined starting from a point to optimize (black sphere) and including all successive K-th neighbors (gray spheres) with K = 12. https://scispace.com/papers/semontoqa-a-semantic-understanding-based-ontological-3ja0veu80x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-knowledge-base-kb-3nxped0s.png Figure 5: The Knowledge-base (KB) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-working-procedure-of-the-text-analyser-module-3bd7arh5.png Figure 6: Working Procedure of the Text Analyser module https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architectural-diagram-of-semontoqa-2dvgpsyn.png Figure 1: Architectural diagram of SEMONTOQA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-working-procedure-for-the-question-analyser-ymrgbtiy.png Figure 7: Working procedure for the Question Analyser https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-example-tis-learnt-from-the-annotated-texts-2dve2r6l.png Figure 3: An example TIS learnt from the annotated texts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simplified-broken-down-form-of-the-tis-as-shown-in-2iu23wjd.png Figure 4: Simplified (Broken down) form of the TIS as shown in the figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-working-procedure-of-omm-3rajp9tf.png Figure 8: Working procedure of OMM https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performance-measure-of-tie-for-feature-extraction-3kl9gdhh.png Table 1: Performance measure of TIE for feature extraction using TISs https://scispace.com/papers/semi-partitioned-scheduling-of-sporadic-task-systems-on-1w88q6h6ei 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concept-of-semi-partitioning-v967porx.png Figure 1. Concept of semi-partitioning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pseudo-code-of-edf-wm-scheduler-317isi8a.png Figure 6. Pseudo-code of EDF-WM scheduler. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-worst-case-number-of-context-switches-relati-5s6vthjh.png Figure 11. The worst-case number of context switches relati ve to EDF-FFD: (umin, umax) = (0.5, 1.0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-worst-case-number-of-context-switches-relati-c72pvmg0.png Figure 12. The worst-case number of context switches relati ve to EDF-FFD: (umin, umax) = (0.1, 0.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-guaranteed-schedulability-umin-umax-0-5-1-0-1ur3a4sb.png Figure 8. Guaranteed schedulability: (umin, umax) = (0.5, 1.0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-guaranteed-schedulability-umin-umax-0-1-1-0-1i7id78x.png Figure 7. Guaranteed schedulability: (umin, umax) = (0.1, 1.0). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-each-window-of-a-migratory-task-is-separated-by-at-ettfuruu.png Figure 3. Each window of a migratory task is separated by at least length of the period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-worst-case-number-of-context-switches-relati-3jvuv8jn.png Figure 10. The worst-case number of context switches relati ve to EDF-FFD: (umin, umax) = (0.1, 1.0). https://scispace.com/papers/semiparametric-estimation-of-a-characteristic-based-factor-3yj5u1lscn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-model-fit-after-deleting-each-explanatory-variable-o4d4mm3z.png Table 5 Model Fit After Deleting Each Explanatory Variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distributions-of-the-security-characteristics-2fd0rrwh.png Table 1 Distributions of the Security Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-characteristic-beta-function-for-the-size-3946rtgm.png Figure 3 Characteristic-Beta Function for the Size Characteristic https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-characteristic-beta-functions-3oellx4w.png Table 2 Estimated Characteristic-Beta Functions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-value-factor-portfolio-weights-related-to-value-2je82c8c.png Figure 6: Value factor portfolio weights related to value characteristic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-size-factor-portfolio-weights-related-to-size-1n4cxuol.png Figure 5: Size factor portfolio weights related to size characteristic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fama-french-smb-portfolio-weights-related-to-size-1iw6x7up.png Figure 7: Fama-French SMB portfolio weights related to size characteristic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fama-french-hml-portfolio-weights-related-to-value-3hr0lu5n.png Figure 8: Fama-French HML portfolio weights related to value characteristic https://scispace.com/papers/sensele-exploiting-spatial-locality-in-decentralized-sensing-1i12t4k1tu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-smartwait-app-wdqmu9pq.png Fig. 3. SmartWait app https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-connection-steps-2o6ot2p7.png Fig. 2. Connection steps https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cloud-centric-sensing-vs-device-to-device-sensing-t93q1ps0.png Fig. 4. Cloud-centric sensing vs. device-to-device sensing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-latency-for-different-communication-protocols-25s7d58l.png Fig. 5. Latency for different communication protocols https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-power-usage-for-different-communication-protocols-psdj3ki6.png Fig. 6. Power usage for different communication protocols https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-power-usage-for-different-numbers-of-connected-devices-28dpgtp8.png Fig. 8. Power usage for different numbers of connected devices https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-battery-usage-for-group-sensor-sharing-1dfi4zh0.png Fig. 11. Battery usage for group sensor sharing https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sensele-architecture-1k8tumqa.png Fig. 1. SenseLE architecture https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-control-of-isfets-by-chemical-surface-wixh7vr3tw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-measured-and-theoretlcal-il-ph-responses-of-treated-25lfcvk4.png Fig 10 Measured and theoretlcal IL,-pH responses of treated Ta205 ISFETs Treatments 0, none,O, (a) + (b) + (g), X, (a) + (b) + (g) + (h) https://scispace.com/papers/sensitivity-of-stand-transpiration-to-wind-velocity-in-a-2xq4yxfg6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-sampled-trees-at-the-duke-forest-387cn7e0.png Table 2 Characteristics of sampled trees at the Duke Forest hardwood site. Standard deviations are shown in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-wind-velocity-on-sap-flux-density-of-six-1dvyo7l1.png Fig. 2. The effect of wind velocity on sap flux density of six species in the Duke Forest hardwood site. Solid lines represent significant relationships at p<0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-responses-of-the-decoupling-coefficient-to-wind-a5jfd5vp.png Fig. 6. (a) Responses of the decoupling coefficient (˝) to wind velocity (U). (b) Responses of vapor pressure deficit (D) to U (data are mean vapor pressure deficit grouped in U intervals of 0.5ms−1; p-value and R2 within the box were calculated frommean https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-relationship-between-predicted-stomatal-resistance-2lmlq439.png Fig. 7. The relationship between predicted stomatal resistance (Rstom) and total resistance ( https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-showing-the-effect-of-wind-velocity-u-on-2tfo0qz8.png Fig. 1. Diagram showing the effect of wind velocity, U, on transpiration, EC in a bigleaf framework. The sign represents the relationship between the two parameters at the arrow tip and tail (D – vapor pressure deficit; RA – aerodynamic resistance; RC – canopy resistance). For example, an increase in U results in a decrease in RA because of the negative relationship between U and RA and, in turn, the decrease in RA leads to an increase in EC because of the negative relationship between RA and EC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-in-stand-level-transpiration-and-resistances-13thpq2m.png Fig. 4. Changes in stand-level transpiration and resistances with increasing wind velocity (U). (a) Canopy transpiration (EC); dashed lines from the bottom up represent light conditions of 500 molm−2 s−1 intervals from 0 to 1500 molm−2 s−1, while the data points represent conditions of >1500 molm−2 s−1. Only one PAR interval (>1500 molm−2 s−1) showed significant yet very weak correlation (solid line). (b) total resistance (RT); filled circles represent RT when vapor pressure deficit (D) is low (<1kPa), (c) aerodynamic resistance (RA), (d) proportion of RA to RT; filled circles represent the proportion when D is low (<1kPa), and (e) canopy resistance (RC) with 95% confidence intervals for individual estimates (dashed lines) and expected Rstom based on the relationship between Rstom and vapor pressure deficit (D), and between D and U (solid line; see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-leaf-area-index-lai-profile-doy-154-b-calculated-e56z67jw.png Fig. 5. (a) Leaf area index (LAI) profile (DOY 154). (b) Calculated wind velocity (U) profiles above and within the canopy when U at measurement height (39.8m) are 2 (solid line), 4 (dotted line), and 6ms−1 (dashed line). Inset figure shows the relationship between U above canopy (u0) and average U within canopy weighted by leaf area profile (u). (c) Aerodynamic resistance (RA; solid line) and leaf boundary layer resistance (Rbl; dashed lines) estimated using U and leaf characteristic dimensions of the six species, ranged from 1.1 cm for Q. phellos to 8.6 cm for L. tulipifera (see Table 2); the dashed lines from the top represent Rbl estimates of L. tulipifera, weighed average, and Q. phellos. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-field-studies-that-have-investigated-relationships-1fzkf9v5.png Table 1 Field studies that have investigated relationships between transpiration (or sap flux) and wind velocity. https://scispace.com/papers/sensor-placement-for-plan-monitoring-using-genetic-1gfy3820e6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-propositional-domain-example-puarfbdr.png Fig. 1: Propositional domain example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-individual-genetic-program-for-the-formula-a-b-4-c-s2hv04me.png Fig. 2: An individual genetic program for the formula ((a ∧ b)[4]¬c) ∨ (a ∧ d) with primitive sensors a, b, ¬c and a ∧ d. https://scispace.com/papers/sensory-and-motor-differences-in-autism-spectrum-conditions-3bjcangysx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dependent-variable-descriptives-and-comparison-of-352fttj7.png Table 2: Dependent variable descriptives and comparison of means. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-analysis-r-for-autism-symptoms-aq-and-2ck43odq.png Table 4: Correlation analysis (r) for autism symptoms (AQ) and sensory responsivity (SPCR) in ASC and DCD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dependent-variable-descriptives-and-comparison-of-1s22kdoq.png Table 3: Dependent variable descriptives and comparison of means. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-descriptives-and-group-comparisons-3h56mpiu.png Table 1: Demographic descriptives and group comparisons. https://scispace.com/papers/sensory-spaces-sensory-learning-an-experimental-approach-to-2198btbvk7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-bottom-light-table-options-with-irlen-overlay-1lj8rc3a.png Figure 3. (Bottom) Light table options with Irlen overlay choices (Lawson, 1998): image choices, text choices and hand drawing choices. (Source: Author). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-childs-two-drawings-of-a-preferred-classroom-xvyenlch.png Figure 1. A child’s two drawings of a preferred classroom layout. (Source: Child). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-four-low-tech-alternative-pop-up-environments-12qo7h0x.png Figure 2. (Top) Four low tech, alternative pop up environments with options for how to sit, set within a photographic studio. (Source: Author). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-visual-and-tactile-experience-photographs-of-the-dplfbff8.png Figure 4. A visual and tactile experience: Photographs of the students presenting their work to the children, at the University, incorporating their ideas for an ASD school through drawings and 3D models. (Source: Author). https://scispace.com/papers/sentiment-classification-of-drug-reviews-using-fuzzy-rough-3h3ssrjjyx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flow-chart-of-proposed-framework-3d6b6iol.png Fig. 1. Flow chart of proposed framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-set-matrix-1h0wv3f7.png TABLE I. DATA SET MATRIX https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-results-with-bow-3tzohc43.png TABLE II. RESULTS WITH BOW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-word-cloud-on-data-searched-forward-with-fuzzy-rough-1mwte4x1.png Fig. 4. Word cloud on data searched forward with fuzzy-rough QuickReduct https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-word-cloud-on-data-searched-backward-with-fuzzy-rough-2z2yea7n.png Fig. 5. Word cloud on data searched backward with fuzzy-rough QuickReduct https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-word-cloud-on-preprocessed-training-data-without-2w5ab4qv.png Fig. 3. Word cloud on preprocessed training data without feature selection https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-results-with-tf-idf-2qdcevas.png TABLE III. RESULTS WITH TF-IDF https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-label-distribution-of-training-and-testing-data-sets-3p3zstd3.png Fig. 2. Label distribution of training and testing data sets https://scispace.com/papers/sepsis-and-septic-shock-in-covid-19-a-scoping-review-of-the-5p9d8ebbhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1ktouk62.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-iwig8pjr.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1iyv4brs.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/sentinel-2-level-1-products-and-image-processing-1z7z4ymfmt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-level-1c-ortho-image-and-cumulative-histogram-on-3hpcwrh0.png Figure 10: Level-1C Ortho-image and cumulative histogram on registration residuals (in pixels) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectral-bands-versus-spatial-resolution-3f8agr3h.png Figure 1: Spectral bands versus spatial resolution https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geometric-image-quality-requirements-141io9kr.png Table 3: Geometric image quality requirements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-level-1-processing-workflow-3b6v65o2.png Figure 4: Level-1 processing workflow https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-footprints-of-a-source-images-blue-and-associated-1n6sqqw2.png Figure 6 : Footprints of a source images (blue) and associated S2 simulated images (yellow) cases over Missouri (US) and Midi-Pyrenees (FR) areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-simulator-and-prototype-cross-validation-j2spfbvk.png Figure 7: Simulator and prototype cross-validation https://scispace.com/papers/separation-and-identification-of-glycan-anomers-using-2pvfy2p14z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-atds-of-a-sample-of-a-d-glucose-at-different-1ni34mdq.png Figure 5: (a) ATDs of a sample of a-D-Glucose at different times after sample preparation after n=9 separation cycles. (b) Relative ratios of the drift signals corresponding to the a and b anomers as a function of time after sample preparation and the fit function 𝑓(𝑡) according to Eq. S4 in the supporting information. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ir-spectra-of-mobility-selected-species-a-and-b-of-3us94ex9.png Figure 4: IR spectra of mobility-selected species A and B of sodiated GalNAc-a(1-3)-Gal ((b) and (e)) and their C1-18OH labelled equivalents ((a) and (f)) and the corresponding C1-O-methylated species with the C1 locked in a (c) or in b (d) configuration. The C1-OH stretch vibration at 3655 cm-1 is clearly identified by the 18O-labeling experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-mutarotation-of-the-c1-carbon-leads-to-an-wbu3vdzg.png Figure 1: (a) Mutarotation of the C1 carbon leads to an equilibrium between the a and b anomers of reducing carbohydrates in solution. (b) The carbohydrates' reducing end is locked in a or b configuration when the respective hydroxy group is methylated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ims-arrival-time-distributions-of-reducing-a-and-3bw81k2r.png Figure 3: IMS arrival time distributions of reducing (a) and non-reducing glycans (b) at high IMS resolving power settings. The label n indicates the number of IMS cycles employed for separation. The structure of glycans is shown using the CFG nomenclature. https://scispace.com/papers/separation-of-palaeogene-and-neogene-uplift-on-nuussuaq-west-2li30cvsfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-1llt2kdj.png Table B.1: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-eocene-oligocene-40-30-ma-paleogeothermal-3usegn1s.png Figure 6.4: Eocene-Oligocene (40-30 Ma) paleogeothermal gradients & removed section: West Greenland Borehole Gant-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1-vitrinite-reflectance-values-supplied-by-geus-2b5pyu2d.png Figure 5.1: Vitrinite reflectance values supplied by GEUS from five West Greenland https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-apatite-u-th-he-age-vs-grain-radius-for-sample-1fgmq5cq.png Figure 4.7: Apatite (U-Th)/He age vs grain radius for sample GC883-5 (Gant-1), from https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-latest-miocene-to-pliocene-paleotemperature-200n64ru.png Figure 5.8: Latest Miocene to Pliocene paleotemperature constraints from AFTA and (U-Th)/He data in five West Greenland Boreholes and one outcrop sample from the Itilli Valley, plotted against depth with respect to the prominent erosion surface recognised across the Nuussuaq Peninsula at elevations around 1000 metres above sea level. See text for details https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-8-late-miocene-11-10-ma-paleogeothermal-gradients-31b87v1m.png Figure 6.8: Late Miocene (11-10 Ma) paleogeothermal gradients & removed section with respect to the Neogene erosion surface: West Greenland Boreholes Umiivik-1, Gane-1 and Gro-3 and outcrop sample GC861-13. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-schematic-illustration-of-a-possible-thermal-1ud55sei.png Figure 7.2: Schematic illustration of a possible thermal history reconstruction for West Greenland Borehole Gro-3, corresponding to the burial history reconstruction shown in Figure 7.1. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-another-possible-burial-history-reconstruction-202avljk.png Figure 7.3: Another possible burial history reconstruction for West Greenland Borehole Gro-3, derived from the thermal history constraints derived from AFTA, (U-Th)/He and VR data. Parameters employed in this reconstruction are summarised in Table 7.1. https://scispace.com/papers/sequence-analysis-and-evaluation-of-the-ns3-a-gene-region-of-3ssbi929kf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-nucleotide-sequences-between-newly-1939foun.png Table I: Comparison of nucleotide sequences between newly sequenced BTV segment 10 and reference strains obtained from GenBank. The number of differences between strains is presented as a percentage. Most nucleotide differences (upper percentile) and the least number of nucleotide differences (lower percentile) are given in the table. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neighbour-joining-tree-calculated-using-bi-with-the-13k6vvli.png Fig. 2 : Neighbour-joining tree (calculated using BI, with the T92+G substitution model and bootstrap estimates from 1000 replicates), showing the relationships of 67 BTV segment 10 nucleotypes using EHDV as an out-group (black). The tree reveals three major groups, i.e., western 1 (c: blue) and 2 (a: green) and eastern group 1 (b: purple), and two minor groups, i.e., western 3 (c: yellow) and eastern 2 (b: red). Confidence scores are shown on the branches. Bold names represent newly sequenced BTV strains https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amino-acid-sequence-alignment-with-conserved-regions-n9n62zwe.png Fig. 3 : Amino acid sequence alignment, with conserved regions, of NS3/A from 11 BTV isolates. The NS3/A start codon (aa 14) is indicated by an oval. The proline residues (aa 36, 37, 41, 46, 50, 104, 157, 165, 220 and 227) are underlined. The two N-linked glycosylation sites (aa 62-66 and 150-152) are indicated by light grey shaded rectangles. Hydrophobic sites (aa 119-133 and 167-183) are indicated by open rectangles. The conserved cysteines (C) at amino acid positions 137 and 181 are indicated by light grey-shaded ovals, and the tryptophan (W) residue at amino acid position 157 is indicated by a dark greyshaded oval. Dots indicate residues that are identical in all 11 isolates https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-neighbour-joining-tree-calculated-using-bi-with-the-by0tywhl.png Fig. 1 : Neighbour-joining tree (calculated using BI, with the T92+G substitution model and bootstrap estimates from 1000 replicates), showing the relationships of 67 BTV segment 10 nucleotypes using EHDV as an out-group (black). The tree reveals three major groups, i.e., western 1 (c: blue) and 2 (a: green) and eastern group 1 (b: purple), and two minor groups, i.e., western 3 (c: yellow) and eastern 2 (b: red). Confidence scores are shown on the branches. Bold names represent newly sequenced BTV strains https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-injection-titration-of-chloride-in-milk-with-spjddyvr0e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-protocol-sequence-and-aspiration-times-for-one-full-1tske3jn.png Table 1 Protocol sequence and aspiration times for one full cycle of the sequential injection system used for chloride determination in milk https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sequential-injection-manifold-for-the-determination-of-2ypxza2x.png Fig. 1. Sequential injection manifold for the determination of chloride in milk (A) and aspiration sequence for one cycle of the SIA system (B). GE: ground electrode; HC: holding coil; MC: well-stirred mixing chamber; MV: voltmeter; P: peristaltic pump; RE: reference electrode; Rec: chart recorder; SV: selection valve; W: waste; TE: tubular electrode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-mol-l-obtained-for-the-determination-of-3elphghg.png Table 2 Results (mol/l) obtained for the determination of chloride in milk by SIA and reference procedure, and respective relative deviation (RD) https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-feature-selection-for-classification-1m43e0is7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-of-mnist-with-ffn-left-two-plots-and-rnn-right-1q7pw9oq.png Fig. 1. Results of MNIST with FFN (left two plots) and RNN (right two plots). For each classifier, mean episode length and mean return over training episodes are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-injection-lov-format-for-peak-height-and-kinetic-2nvdc81pas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flow-protocol-2onzl4wm.png Table 1 Flow protocol https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-of-the-overlapping-of-reagent-zones-using-a-1mn328ah.png Table 2 Study of the overlapping of reagent zones using a model solution of bromothymol blue (24mgL−1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-configurationof-si-lov-system-for-thedeterminationof-1xhudtfw.png Fig. 1. Configurationof SI-LOV system for thedeterminationof ethanol; ADH, alcoh 9 c t https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-variation-of-the-absorbance-with-the-increase-of-the-1dynpzxf.png Fig. 3. Variation of the absorbance with the increase of the concentration of eth https://scispace.com/papers/sequential-monte-carlo-instant-radiosity-rsrmnlhqxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantitative-comparison-we-track-the-luminance-of-8-qdqeavr8.png TABLE 1: Quantitative comparison. We track the luminance of 8 pixels over time, comparing them with a path-traced reference. We show results from five different sequences, all illuminated by area lights. The rows summarize the overall error (Average |E|) and the temporal instability (Average |E′|) of the competing VPL sampling methods for all tracked pixels in a sequence. The smallest error is in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-sequences-the-plots-display-how-the-luminance-36a5jngx.png Fig. 7: Example sequences. The plots display how the luminance for a single pixel as estimated by the comparison methods changes over time in three of our sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-error-of-the-indirect-illumination-produced-by-thu4mv4f.png Fig. 10: The error of the indirect illumination produced by our method with different VPL budgets. In this experiment, we render the images with ray traced visibility between the VPLs and the pixels. Left to right: Reference image, 2× absolute error (2K VPLs), 2× absolute error (8K VPLs), 2× absolute error (40K VPLs). Top to bottom: Sibenik Cathedral, Crytek Sponza, Citadel ( c© Epic Games). Most of the remaining error with 40K VPLs is attributed to energy loss due to clampling. However, as we discuss in the text, the intensities of some VPLs in Citadel have been over-estimated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-effect-of-shadow-map-resolution-on-the-indirect-3akc6dsr.png Fig. 9: The effect of shadow map resolution on the indirect illumination. Each image was rendered using the same set of 2048 VPLs generated by our method. Left to right: Ray traced reference image (38 MB for BVH), 1024 × 1024 shadow maps (8 GB), 512× 512 shadow maps (2 GB), 256× 256 shadow maps (512 MB) and 128× 128 shadow maps (128 MB). The other experiments use a default resolution of 128× 128 for the shadow maps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-breakdown-of-the-time-spent-computing-indirect-light-eu1id3rm.png TABLE 2: Breakdown of the time spent computing indirect light in the scenes. All timings are in milliseconds. Left to right: the scene (Scene) ; number of triangles (#Tris) ; number of VPLs (#VPLs) ; generating candidate VPLs, detecting undersampled regions and replacing invalidated VPLs (Cand. sampling) ; resampling candidate VPLs (Cand. resampling) ; verifying indirect visibility (Indirect Visibility) ; estimating VPL radiosities (Radiosity) ; kNN density estimation and building the BVH (kNN) ; total time for VPL sampling (Total) ; rendering shadow maps (Shadow maps) ; interleaved shading and including building the G-Buffer (Interl. shading) ; total time for final rendering (Total) ; total time for indirect illumination (Total). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-overview-vpls-shown-with-yellow-a-at-every-frame-we-2x4tdlzq.png Fig. 4: Overview. VPLs shown with yellow. (a) At every frame, we first sample points (in blue) on the surfaces visible to the camera (in green). We also invalidate some VPLs as described in Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.5 (shown with a red cross). (b) We generate candidate VPLs (in blue) by tracing rays from the directly visible points. (c) We then estimate the intensities of these candidates (larger circles correspond to stronger intensities). (d) Finally, we replace the invalidated VPLs with the candidates that have the strongest intensities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-path-traced-references-and-vpl-36n6xbkc.png Fig. 8: Comparison between path traced references and VPL renderings using different methods of determining visibility between VPLs and pixels. The scenes were rendered with full global illumination and diffuse texture maps. To emphasize the differences between the methods, we only show the indirect illumination. Top to bottom: Citadel ( c© Epic Games), Soda Hall and Crytek Sponza. Each scene has been rendered using path tracing, path tracing with simulated clamping (Clamped path tracing), as well as the proposed method that uses shadow maps and interleaved sampling (VPLs - interleaved shadow maps). Additionally, results computed by exhaustively sampling all VPLs by shadow maps (All VPLs - shadow maps), and by exhaustively sampling all VPLs with shadow rays (All VPLs - ray tracing) are shown. For each scene, all three VPL renderings use the same set of 2048 VPLs. See Section 5.4 for discussion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-generating-vpl-candidates-left-initial-vpl-candidates-3agniypw.png Fig. 5: Generating VPL candidates. Left: Initial VPL candidates obtained by tracing random rays from the directly visible points. Right: Approximately uniform distribution obtained by weighted resampling. Top: Cutouts from three frames in the Soda Hall sequence showing the illumination in a room just appearing at the far end of a corridor. Missing illumination, visible as a brief temporal flicker, can be observed when weighted resampling is not employed. Bottom: Overhead view of the VPL candidate distribution. The view frustum is denoted by the green region. https://scispace.com/papers/service-composition-for-rest-57lyldig9s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simtech-swfms-showing-opal-simulation-with-rest-10i8hp8t.png Fig. 3. SimTech SWfMS showing OPAL simulation with REST composition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-meta-model-for-rest-extension-activities-2oi8jx7o.png Fig. 1. A Meta Model for REST Extension Activities https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-methodology-overview-3ug17n9p.png Fig. 2. Methodology overview https://scispace.com/papers/service-lifetime-and-disposal-pathways-of-business-devices-67m658dx0p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sales-from-1983-to-2014-in-1000-devices-rf9fdw54.png Figure 4: Sales from 1983 to 2014 in 1000 devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inflows-stocks-and-outflows-of-business-it-devices-13mvsrrs.png Figure 5: Inflows, stocks and outflows of business IT devices in 2014, in 1000 pieces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-indium-neodymium-and-gold-stocks-from-business-1yd501ut.png Figure 6: Indium, neodymium and gold stocks from business devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-disposal-pathways-of-business-and-1c7l5ne5.png Figure 3: Comparison of disposal pathways of business and private consumers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mfa-system-1tlm1yze.png Figure 1: MFA system. https://scispace.com/papers/service-strategies-in-two-server-tandem-configurations-44i3gdpssy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measures-of-effectiveness-the-occupation-parameters-2w6dj95d.png Table 3. Measures of effectiveness – the occupation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-state-transmission-diagram-for-linked-series-servers-2fqbnmew.png Fig. 3. State transmission diagram for linked series servers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-measures-of-effectiveness-the-probabilities-1pcminyi.png Table 1. Measures of effectiveness – the probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-measures-of-effectiveness-the-responses-the-time-12qkl7r6.png Table 2. Measures of effectiveness – the responses (the time parameters) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-state-transmission-diagram-for-rerouting-network-ipo9wpvs.png Fig. 4. State transmission diagram for rerouting network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tandem-configuration-as-open-linked-series-servers-o9fpb0sp.png Fig. 1. Tandem configuration as open linked series servers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tandem-configuration-as-rerouting-networks-3plz65i3.png Fig. 2. Tandem configuration as rerouting networks. https://scispace.com/papers/set-variables-and-local-search-1of3jn4ojt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-on-the-social-golfer-problem-2k1z5q78.png Table 1. Experimental results on the social golfer problem. Numbers displayed in bold correspond to the set based approach. https://scispace.com/papers/serving-time-volunteer-work-liminality-and-the-uses-of-1k2jom4xd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-after-shift-tent-for-communal-dining-and-cooking-1npcmvob.png Figure 5. After-shift tent for communal dining and cooking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-moment-of-getting-off-work-to-redeem-free-drinks-38n5zrly.png Figure 3. Moment of getting off work to redeem free drinks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-about-here-tflm0ve5.png Table 3 about Here https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-volunteer-work-as-exchange-communitas-and-ideology-5v5nv9n8.png Figure 6. Volunteer work as Exchange, Communitas and Ideology https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-about-here-c7vc05ca.png Table 2 about Here https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-data-sources-and-their-use-in-the-analysis-12q6dwsf.png Table I. Data sources and their use in the analysis https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-festival-work-framings-as-exchange-communitas-and-2yfok207.png Table III. Festival Work Framings as Exchange, Communitas, and Ideology https://scispace.com/papers/severe-bandemia-is-not-associated-with-increased-risk-for-4l36khn935 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hospital-diagnoses-of-patients-who-had-any-adverse-3vtwysps.png Figure 1. Hospital diagnoses of patients who had any adverse events https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-pediatric-patients-with-severe-3c7j0drr.png Table 1. Characteristics of pediatric patients with severe bandemia. Bands were counted as percentage of total white blood cell (WBC) count. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-patients-having-adverse-events-6oz6e8en.png Table 2. Characteristics of patients having adverse events. *Bands were defined as percentage of total white blood cell (WBC) count https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-multivariate-logistic-regressions-2rztxtan.png Table 3. Results from multivariate logistic regressions. https://scispace.com/papers/setup-for-polarized-neutron-imaging-using-in-situ-3he-cells-ri19j5c9bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-two-different-photographic-views-of-the-setup-and-b-196elbg8.png FIG. 1. (a) Two different photographic views of the setup and (b) schematic of the instrument setup for polarized neutron imaging measurements at the ORNL HFIR CG-1D neutron imaging beamline. The guide field was switched off during the measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-polarized-neutron-radiographs-for-fe3pt-10-x-3-x-20-2pgxfnw2.png FIG. 5. Polarized neutron radiographs for Fe3Pt (10 × 3 × 20 mm3) as a function of temperature, with an exposure time of 600 s: (a) 425 K, (b) 430 K, (c) 435 K, (d) 440 K, (e) 445 K, (f) 450 K. Measurements are carried out while heating the sample from 425 K to 450 K. White dashed boxes show the sample area. Contrast of the radiographs is enhanced artificially to improve the visualization of magnetic effects inside the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-transmission-plot-for-a-selected-region-of-interest-2hn4tdu0.png FIG. 4. Transmission plot for a selected region of interest [solid white lines in Fig. 3(a) show the ROI] inside the coil as a function of current, shown with black circles. For comparison, the calculated curve is also plotted for a monochromatic neutron wavelength of 2.53 Å, shown as a continuous red line. Also blue solid points in the graph depict the measurements carried out using a polychromatic neutron beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-polarized-transmission-neutron-radiographs-of-a-3aoj4t8s.png FIG. 3. Polarized transmission neutron radiographs of a cylindrical coil with inner diameter = 19 mm, length = 150 mm, and 614 windings, measured as a function of current: (a) 0.4 A, (b) 0.8 A, (c) 1.2 A, (d) 1.6 A, using monochromatic neutron beam. Dotted lines in the radiographs indicate the coil diameter, while the solid white lines in (a) shows the ROI used for Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-neutron-polarization-degree-as-a-function-of-time-1358p0fk.png FIG. 2. Neutron polarization degree as a function of time. https://scispace.com/papers/sex-determination-by-the-interarticular-distance-of-2ndakb9ckp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-subjects-by-means-of-7llokr1l.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the subjects by means of age https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-results-of-the-multivariate-logistic-regression-3g13tk7i.png Table 3 The results of the multivariate logistic regression variation analyses with the use of the interarticular distances of the metacarpals and phalanges of the left hand as independent variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-measurements-of-the-metacarpals-and-phalanges-3qm5ry1f.png Figure 1. The measurements of the metacarpals and phalanges on dorso-volar hand roentgenogram. S (Space) 1: first distal phalange; S2: first proximal phalange; S3: first metacarpal, etc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-age-distribution-of-the-study-subjects-2dwu2e56.png Figure 2. Age distribution of the study subjects. https://scispace.com/papers/sex-differences-in-acute-hormonal-and-subjective-response-to-1oij1kicyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-auci-of-hormonal-response-to-naltrexone-naltrexone-1n58vae8.png Figure 2 AUCi of hormonal response to naltrexone. Naltrexone significantly elevated salivary cortisol (A), serum cortisol (B), and prolactin (C) from baseline to a greater extent in luteal phase women than men and follicular women. However, naltrexone similarly increased LH in all groups (D). Post hoc: Asterisks above brackets indicate between groups differences of naltrexone response, nonb ffere https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-raw-hormone-and-subjective-levels-across-all-time-ql2ugh79.png Figure 1 Raw hormone and subjective levels across all time points. The figures illustrate the raw levels salivary cortisol (A), serum cortisol (B), prolactin (C), and LH levels (D), and adverse effects (E) in men, early follicular women, and luteal women. The X-axis represents minutes after pill administration. Salivary cortisol was measured at baseline and three post-pill timepoints, while serum asel https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-auci-of-subjective-response-to-naltrexone-jczkugix.png Figure 3 AUCi of subjective response to naltrexone. Naltrexone significantly elevated the severity of adverse effects from baseline to a greater degree in luteal women than early follicular women and men. Post hoc: Asterisks above brackets indicate between groups differences of naltrexone response, non-bracketed asterisks above a bar graph indicate within group differences of naltrexone vs. placebo responses; *p < 0.05, https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-baseline-hormone-and-subjective-measures-1lt3u760.png Table 2 Baseline hormone and subjective measures. https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-orientation-discrimination-in-hiring-32lk9ct22o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1eglj850.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-invitation-to-an-interview-618xus61.png Table 2 Invitation to an interview https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-imprinting-as-a-two-stage-process-mechanisms-of-3m26cb5vea 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-frequency-of-displacement-activities-and-b-ytc17zk1.png Figure 5. (a) Frequency of displacement activities and (b) relative corticosterone levels of males of the ‘less fed’ and ‘more fed’ groups in experiment I on day 100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relation-between-the-relative-corticosterone-level-3iio812y.png Figure 6. Relation between the relative corticosterone level on day 104 and the preference scores of males in (a) the ‘less fed’ group (N=10) and (b) the ‘more fed’ group (N=9) of experiment I. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-design-for-experiments-i-and-ii-zf-1jd40oar.png Figure 1. Experimental design for experiments I and II. Zf: Zebra finch; Bf: Bengalese finch. For further explanations see text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-relation-between-the-frequency-of-feeding-by-2soe7vzd.png Figure 2. (a) Relation between the frequency of feeding by Bengalese finch foster parents and the preference scores across the three preference tests in experiment I (N=20). The median (broken line) was used to split the data into a group of ‘less fed’ and another group of ‘more fed’ birds (see text). (b) Median, first and third quartile of the preference scores of males in the two groups ‘less fed’ and ‘more fed’. *P<0·05 (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-individual-preference-scores-of-males-in-a-the-zr5f4zun.png Figure 7. Individual preference scores of males in (a) the ‘nestbox’ group and (b) the control/‘rear of the nestbox’ group of experiement II. X-scales are arbitrary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relation-between-the-preference-scores-of-males-in-5gacssfy.png Figure 4. Relation between the preference scores of males in the ‘more fed’ group and (a) displacement activities on day 100 (N=10) and (b) relative corticosterone levels on day 100 (N=9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relation-between-the-preference-scores-of-males-n-1u80ur0p.png Figure 3. Relation between the preference scores of males (N=10) in the ‘less fed’ group and (a) displacement activities on day 100 and (b) relative corticosterone levels on day 100. https://scispace.com/papers/sexual-violence-against-older-people-a-review-of-the-onqxvb4n09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prevalence-of-previous-year-sexual-violence-2aj2zn1v.png Table 2 – Prevalence of previous year sexual violence victimisation in Domestic Violence Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-characteristics-of-victims-and-perpetrators-26votauj.png Table 4 – Characteristics of victims and perpetrators https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prevalence-of-previous-year-sexual-violence-1q1rcto0.png Table 3 – Prevalence of previous year sexual violence victimisation in Sexual Violence Studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-prevalence-of-previous-year-sexual-violence-1uqqoqb2.png Table 1 – Prevalence of previous year sexual violence victimisation in Elder Abuse Studies https://scispace.com/papers/shallow-penetrometer-penetration-resistance-1neo8ba2zu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-effect-of-shear-strength-gradient-for-a-itz216jo.png Figure 6: Effect of shear strength gradient for a frictionless penetrometer interface: (a) hemiball and (b) toroid penetrometer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-coefficients-for-normalised-vertical-resistance-1vz9waxz.png Table 3: Coefficients for normalised vertical resistance expressions for frictionless and rough hemiball and toroid penetrometers for w/D ≤ 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-hemiball-analyses-conducted-in-the-287al50a.png Table 1: Summary of hemiball analyses conducted in the parametric study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-toroid-analyses-conducted-in-the-39y4ilme.png Table 2: Summary of toroid analyses conducted in the parametric study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-residual-error-from-fitting-equations-presented-as-u84yosz7.png Figure 8: Residual error from fitting equations presented as a percentage of the mean Nc, nom: (a) hemiball and (b) toroid residual error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-effect-of-shear-strength-gradient-for-rough-3cged124.png Figure 7: Effect of shear strength gradient for rough penetrometer interface: (a) hemiball and (b) toroid penetrometer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-shear-strength-gradient-on-surface-heave-1p9du5q1.png Figure 5: Effect of shear strength gradient on surface heave profiles at w/D of 0.5 in uniform (κ = 0) and non-uniform (κ = 20) soil for (a) hemiball and (b) toroid penetrometers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-flow-chart-for-inverse-model-to-objectively-infer-2skpp0cm.png Figure 9: Flow chart for inverse model to objectively infer soil strength parameters. https://scispace.com/papers/shape-constrained-segmentation-approach-for-arctic-multiyear-2dgtkj1lqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-image-i-249-1715-a-reprojected-modis-image-b-3np9e966.png Fig. 2. Image I(249-1715): (a) Reprojected MODIS image. (b) Segmentation map when no shape constraints and no post-filtering were applied (floe area = 23822 pixels). (c) TempoSeg segmentation map before post-filtering (floe area = 22903 pixels). (d) TempoSeg final segmentation map (floe area = 22853 pixels). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-reprojected-modis-i-227-1435-image-b-temposeg-wge04xgx.png Fig. 1. (a) Reprojected MODIS I(227-1435) image. (b) TempoSeg segmentation map of I(227-1435) (floe area = 24104 pixels). (c) Reprojected MODIS I(286-2045) image. (d) Segmentation map of I(286-2045) (floe area = 19315 pixels). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-ice-floe-area-number-of-pixels-as-a-function-of-time-1deyacrm.png Fig. 4. (a) Ice floe area (number of pixels) as a function of time: Before post-filtering averaged for every day (blue); After post-filtering (green); After post-filtering averaged for every day (red). (b) Ice floe perimeter as a function of time, averaged for every day. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-flowchart-of-computing-a-dc-between-two-regions-rj-and-1jfe6xd6.png Fig. 3. Flowchart of computing a DC between two regions Rj and Rk. Rjk = Rj ∪Rk, and f ∈ {j, k}, L(Rf ) = 1. https://scispace.com/papers/shared-and-unique-properties-of-place-cells-in-anterior-uj5uuar98d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-basic-properties-of-acc-and-hippocampal-place-1z7maw7z.png Figure 1. The basic properties of ACC and hippocampal place cells. 129 https://scispace.com/papers/shape-sensitivity-of-eigenvalues-in-hydrodynamic-stability-45xjxcyihr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-growth-rate-sensitivity-re-g-and-frequency-34ldyrux.png Figure 5: The growth rate sensitivity, Re(G), and frequency sensitivity, Im(G), of the most unstable global mode in the flow behind a cylinder. Locally deforming the cylinder inwards increases the growth rate, σ, where Re(G) is positive and decreases the growth rate where Re(G) is negative. Similarly, locally deforming the cylinder inwards increases the frequency, ω, where Im(G) is positive and decreases the frequency where Im(G) is negative. The sensitivities are symmetric about the centreline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-eigenvalue-response-as-the-unit-cylinder-is-29tvcrxr.png Figure 6: The eigenvalue response as the unit cylinder is deformed into an ellipse by scaling the cylinder in the cross–stream (black) and streamwise (red) directions. The original location of the eigenvalue for the unperturbed cylinder is marked ( ). For deformation magnitudes ‖g‖Γ = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05, the position of the new eigenvalue is predicted (◦) using the sensitivity analysis of §2 and computed (•) by repeating the full stability analysis. The loci of the predicted eigenvalue positions are given by the solid lines. This shows that, as expected, the eigenvalue response is predicted accurately by the adjoint methods when ‖g‖Γ is small. The largest deformation magnitude, ‖g‖Γ = 0.05, corresponds to a change in the major–axis of the cylinder of ≈ 10%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-amplifications-l2i-and-b-proportions-of-the-2mbonxx1.png Figure 12: (a) Amplifications, λ2i , and (b) proportions of the velocity basis-functions within the recirculation bubble, FR, for the first 15 symmetric basis functions, g̃i, (shown by i = 0, . . . , 14) and for the recirculation basis function, g̃R, (shown by i = R). The amplification is defined by λ2i ≡ ‖ū1,i‖2Ω https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-a-the-first-2-deformation-basis-functions-gi-and-3v5is8qq.png Figure 13: (a) The first 2 deformation basis functions, g̃i, and the recirculation deformation basis function, g̃R, shown as a function of θ. (b) The morphed unit cylinder when applying deformations of 0.1 g̃i. (c) The streamlines of the corresponding velocity basis functions, ˜̄u1,i. The colour scale shows the local magnitude of ˜̄u1,i from zero (black) to maximal (white). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-18-the-response-of-the-eigenvalues-to-the-3pccvylv.png Figure A.18: The response of the eigenvalues to the deformation g = −σ0 Re(G)‖Re(G)‖2Γ . This is the linear prediction of the smallest deformation required to make the flow marginally stable. The shifted positions (×) of the unstable global mode ( ) and stable global modes (♦) are calculated by applying the linear analysis of §2 to each mode in turn. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-generic-domain-represents-the-viscous-open-flow-242mrttm.png Figure 1: The generic domain, Ω, represents the viscous open flow over an object. The external boundary of the domain consists of an inlet (Γ+), outlet (Γ−) and perfect-slip (Γs) surface. A no-slip surface (Γ0) defines the shape of the object. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-the-growth-rate-sensitivity-re-g-and-b-the-2221uwms.png Figure 8: (a) The growth rate sensitivity, Re(G), and (b) the frequency sensitivity, Im(G), decomposed into feedback, GF , and baseflow, GB , contributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-g-g-0-1-deformations-of-the-unit-cylinder-that-1tnp9s78.png Figure 7: The ‖g‖Γ = 0.1 deformations of the unit cylinder that give the maximum increase/decrease in growth rate, σ, and the maximum increase/decrease in frequency, ω. https://scispace.com/papers/sharing-responsibility-with-a-machine-4jh6j68qci 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-expected-human-dictators-choice-as-seen-by-2l4902c1.png Figure 23: Expected human dictators’ choice as seen by responders https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-treatment-di-erence-in-the-responsibility-of-the-2eanvv48.png Table 2: Treatment di erence in the responsibility of the human dictator(s) as seen by dictators and responders https://scispace.com/figures/figure-50-change-in-responsibility-perceived-by-the-dictator-3oew3ix9.png Figure 50: Change in responsibility perceived by the dictator for the passive dictator in the manipulation check as seen by passive dictators ( estion 2 from Section A.1.2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-51-change-in-responsibility-perceived-by-the-dictator-xz0q1wjy.png Figure 51: Change in responsibility perceived by the dictator for the responder in the manipulation check as seen by passive dictators ( ( estion 2 from Section A.1.2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-change-in-allocated-responsibility-to-the-human-2xtwk65q.png Figure 28: Change in allocated responsibility to the human dictator in the manipulation check as seen by responders https://scispace.com/figures/figure-29-expected-responsibility-allocated-to-the-other-1assz8ax.png Figure 29: Expected responsibility allocated to the other eighter human or computer dictator in the manipulation check as seen by responders ( estion 4 from Section A.1.2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-change-in-guilt-in-the-manipulation-check-as-seen-96qai82q.png Figure 21: Change in guilt in the manipulation check as seen by dictators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-45-expected-guilt-of-the-dictator-as-seen-by-passive-6cv6lkb1.png Figure 45: Expected guilt of the dictator as seen by passive dictators https://scispace.com/papers/shared-design-space-sketching-ideas-using-digital-pens-and-a-px336sgbuh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-1-degree-of-freedom-menu-for-selecting-different-3d-2njcm42n.png Fig. 4. 1-degree of freedom menu for selecting different 3d geometries. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-participants-can-either-interact-with-the-3fu1cmfn.png Fig. 1. (a) Participants can either interact with the interactive table either using tablet PCs or digital pens.(b) The collaboration mode allows to sketch the same document https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-special-control-elements-projected-on-the-table-otmtfp1j.png Fig. 5. Special control elements projected on the table surface allow to share the sketches, but also to transfer them to the Interactive Wall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-using-the-hyper-dragging-metaphor-allows-an-easy-to-1y55y6g4.png Fig. 6. Using the hyper-dragging metaphor allows an easy-to-use transfer of data between two devices (e.g. tablet PC and tabletop desk). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-system-consists-of-an-interactive-table-and-an-2gxmnzmb.png Fig. 2. The system consists of an interactive table and an interactive wall. The tracking on the table is realized using digital pens which can track the tiny dots of the Anoto pattern. To protect the Anoto pattern, we put a Plexiglas cover, which however, does not interfere the accurate tracking results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pick-and-drop-users-can-pick-a-an-object-from-the-14aflkgh.png Fig. 7. Pick-and-Drop. Users can pick (a) an object from the interactive table to drop it (b) onto the real paper. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shared-design-space-interaction-a-designers-can-choose-2smftlwi.png Fig. 3. Shared Design Space Interaction. (a) Designers can choose different color from a tangible interface (b) and sketch directly on the private workspace. (c) Optionally, users can also use pens with different caps. https://scispace.com/papers/shear-behavior-of-variable-depth-concrete-beams-with-wound-412d41xa09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-concrete-strength-at-28-days-613-3djsg4ov.png Table 2. Concrete strength at 28 days 613 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-design-details-of-variable-depth-beam-specimens-599-301zr8c0.png Table 1. Design details of variable-depth beam specimens 599 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-strains-of-shear-links-crossing-the-primary-shear-9146c8ty.png Table 6. Strains of shear links crossing the primary shear crack at failure load 683 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-longitudinal-bar-strains-and-resulting-tensile-force-1nv2c5ul.png Table 5. Longitudinal bar strains and resulting tensile force 665 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-comparison-between-the-variable-depth-beams-and-14lawly3.png Table 7. Comparison between the variable-depth beams and prismatic beams 698 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-wound-cfrp-cage-for-variable-depth-structural-2h7wli54.png Fig. 1. A Wound CFRP cage for variable-depth structural concrete element 579 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shear-reinforcement-pattern-designs-583-1zorlgy1.png Fig. 4. Shear reinforcement pattern designs 583 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-w-frp-cage-fabrication-584-2xe4yrhv.png Fig. 5. Example W-FRP cage fabrication 584 https://scispace.com/papers/shear-velocity-structure-and-mineralogy-of-the-transition-co0yifw1w3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-observed-tangential-seismograms-and-n3kfo87r.png Figure 10: Comparison of observed tangential seismograms and synthetic seismograms https://scispace.com/papers/shear-alignment-behavior-of-nematic-solutions-induced-by-2dnwlee71x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transient-response-of-a-pure-5cb-and-solutions-kw4t02xp.png FIG. 3. Transient response of (a) pure 5CB and solutions containing (b) 1%, (c) 5%, and (d) 10% PBCB6. Strain rate was 16 s 1 at 25 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rheological-and-conoscopic-measurements-of-the-25x452hq.png FIG. 2. Rheological and conoscopic measurements of the tumbling parameter for PBCB6 dissolved in 5CB at 25 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-side-group-liquid-crystal-polymer-pbcb6-3614kuqb.png FIG. 1. Side-group liquid crystal polymer PBCB6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-diagram-showing-how-the-presence-of-an-6iq9bcfm.png FIG. 4. Schematic diagram showing how the presence of an oblate polymer can create a negative tumbling parameter and cause the director to rotate counter to the vorticity. https://scispace.com/papers/shedding-light-on-an-undiscovered-aspect-that-perfectly-2rjlcreegs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plot-of-expansion-rate-versus-time-when-expansion-1hja8hus.png Figure 6. Plot of expansion rate versus time when expansion began (measured from past to present) for 5 type Ia supernovae (remote and local supernovae from Figure 1) shows an accelerating expansion (expansion rate increasing with time). Expansion rate for remote supernovae that are further away than expected (see Figure 1 and Figure 17) is lower even with high recession velocities as compared to the expansion rate for nearby local supernovae even with low recession velocities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plot-of-expansion-rate-versus-time-when-expansion-w48siq0u.png Figure 7. Plot of expansion rate versus time when expansion began (measured from past to present) for 11 test particles (remote and local particles from Figure 5) mimics an accelerating expansion (expansion rate appears to be increasing with time) when remote particles with high recession velocities began expanding before the expansion got initiated for local particles with low recession velocities. Expansion rate for remote particles that are further away than expected (see Figure 5) is lower even with high recession velocities as compared to the expansion rate for nearby local particles even with low recession velocities, similar to what we observe for supernovae in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-velocity-distance-relationship-for-113-test-2fbb3p7e.png Figure 22. Velocity-distance relationship for 113 test particles (local and remote particles) expanding consecutively (one particle after another). Distances to remote particles are larger than expected with respect to local particles without acceleration. In other words, expansion initiated for remote particles before it did for local particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-distance-modulus-versus-redshift-relationship-for-16me84ir.png Figure 20. Distance modulus versus redshift relationship for 5 type Ia supernovae (local and remote supernovae from Figure 1). Type Ia supernovae are further away than expected, this confirms the presence of an unknown energy component responsible for accelerating the Universe‟s expansion, thereby placing remote supernovae further away than expected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-plot-of-expansion-factor-versus-time-when-expansion-12kjxhsd.png Figure 8. Plot of expansion factor versus time when expansion began (measured from past to present) for 10 test particles (remote and local particles from Figure 5) mimics an accelerating expansion (expansion factor increasing exponentially with time – red curve) when remote particles with high redshifts began expanding before the expansion got initiated for local particles with low redshifts. The green curve (overlapping the red curve) traces out an expansion that initially decelerates before accelerating. (Also see Figure 14). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-plot-of-expansion-factor-versus-time-when-expansion-2aq20ifp.png Figure 9. Plot of expansion factor versus time when expansion began (measured from past to present) for 5 type Ia supernovae (remote and local supernovae from Figure 1) shows an accelerating expansion (expansion factor increasing exponentially with time). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-distance-redshift-relationship-for-11-test-gseecpyj.png Figure 19. Distance-redshift relationship for 11 test particles (local and remote particles from Figure 5). High-redshift remote particles lie above the line; the deviation from linearity also makes it clear enough that the distances to remote particles are larger than expected. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-distance-redshift-relationship-for-5-type-ia-1pgtwygr.png Figure 18. Distance-redshift relationship for 5 type Ia supernovae (local and remote supernovae from Figure 1. High-redshift remote supernovae lie above the line; the deviation from linearity makes it clear enough that the distances to remote supernovae are larger than expected, thereby making them appear 10% to 25% dimmer as compared to the nearby local supernovae. It is believed that there is an energy component that has accelerated the expansion of the Universe, thereby placing remote supernovae further away than expected. https://scispace.com/papers/shielded-coherent-synchrotron-radiation-and-its-possible-1umepnarij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-wake-voltage-pet-turn-for-the-parallel-plate-model-3jfw195v.png Figure 3. Wake voltage pet turn for the parallel-plate model, R = 149.5 m, h = 2 cm, bunch length a — 61 /im. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energy-losses-for-four-versions-of-the-nlc-bunch-37prdp22.png Table 1. Energy losses for four versions of the NLC bunch compressor. https://scispace.com/papers/shift-in-community-structure-in-an-early-successional-1gkprdlzo1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-from-the-best-models-for-the-responses-of-qhoi2jch.png Table 3 Results from the best models for the responses of the abundance of herbs (Ah) and shrubs (As) and of Relative As to experimental warming and drought throughout the study period 1998-2015. The changes in Ah, As and Relative As were associated with July SPEI-3, May SPEI-2 and April SPEI-3 respectively in the models. Drought-control and warming-control differences were analyzed. Significant differences are labeled with asterisks: (*) P<0.1, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001. Significant effects are highlighted in bold type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-annual-temperature-and-annual-precipitation-gdc9iphb.png Fig. 1 Mean annual temperature and annual precipitation during the study period 1999-318 2015. 319 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-in-the-species-richness-of-a-herbs-sh-and-b-1xzbdo99.png Fig. 3 Changes in the species richness of (a) herbs (Sh), and (b) shrubs (Ss) and (c) in 362 Relative Ss in the warming, drought and control treatments during the study period 1998-363 2015. May SPEI-2 was the covariate factor for the changes in Sh, and May SPEI-4 was 364 the covariate factor for the changes in Sh and Relative Ss in the models. Vertical bars 365 indicate the standard errors of the means (n=3 plots). 366 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-shifts-of-community-composition-in-the-first-half-of-zj8y2atv.png Fig. 5 Shifts of community composition in the first half of the experimental period (1999-2006), the second half (2007-2015) and the entire period 417 (1999-2015). July SPEI-3, May SPEI-2 and May SPEI-4 were the covariate factors for the first half, second half and the entire study period, 418 respectively. 419 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-the-best-models-for-the-responses-of-1l2wyt0y.png Table 2 Results from the best models for the responses of the species richness of herbs (Sh) and shrubs (Ss) and of Relative Ss to experimental warming and drought throughout the study period 1998-2015. The changes in Sh were associated with May SPEI-2 and the changes in Sh and Relative Ss were associated with May SPEI-4 in the models. Drought-control and warming-control differences were analyzed. Significant differences are labeled with asterisks: (*) P<0.1, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001. Significant effects are highlighted in bold type. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-from-the-best-models-for-the-responses-of-9r7622su.png Table 1 Results from the best models for the responses of species richness (S), community diversity (H) and evenness (E) of the plant community to experimental warming and drought throughout the study period 1998-2015. The changes in S and H were associated with May SPEI-4 and the changes in E were associated with April SPEI3 in the models. Warming-control and drought-control differences were analyzed. Significant differences are labeled with asterisks: * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001. Significant effects are highlighted in bold type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-in-the-abundance-of-a-herbs-ah-and-b-shrubs-1b41kv3l.png Fig. 4 Changes in the abundance of (a) herbs (Ah) and (b) shrubs and in (c) Relative As 377 in the warming, drought and control treatments during the study period 1998-2015. July 378 SPEI-3, May SPEI-2 and April SPEI-3 were the covariate factors for the changes in Ah, 379 As and Relative As, respectively. Vertical bars indicate the standard errors of the means 380 (n=3 plots). 381 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-changes-in-a-species-richness-s-b-community-diversity-2z0zej5z.png Fig. 2 Changes in (a) species richness (S), (b) community diversity (H) and (c) community 346 evenness (E) in the warming, drought and control treatments during the study period 347 1998-2015. May SPEI-4 was the covariate factor for the changes in S and H, and April 348 SPEI-3 was the covariate factor for the changes in E in the models. Vertical bars indicate 349 the standard errors of the means (n=3 plots). 350 https://scispace.com/papers/short-term-antibody-response-and-tolerability-of-one-dose-of-434zriuiox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-patients-and-controls-in-2fgw7thf.png Table 1: Baseline characteristics of patients and controls in the Réseau Rénal Québécois/Quebec Renal Network COVID-19 study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-median-anti-receptor-binding-domain-immunoglobulin-g-24mewhlt.png Table 2: Median anti–receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G levels in patients in the Réseau Rénal Québécois/Quebec Renal Network COVID-19 study https://scispace.com/papers/short-term-emotional-impact-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-spaniard-5evkkqy9lo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-seemingly-unrelated-logistic-regression-analysisa-23oa5pc5.png Table 2 Seemingly Unrelated Logistic Regression Analysisa. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-variables-working-position-perception-of-id7cfr8z.png Table 1 Demographic variables, working position, perception of COVID-19 relative risk, organizational factors, stress perception and general health score from health service workers in Spain. https://scispace.com/papers/shortcuts-to-adiabaticity-in-three-level-systems-using-lie-1yjlp9pbgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-functions-in-hi-t-a-e0-t-and-b-ph-t-parameters-t-emax0-9c254lvm.png FIG. 1. Functions in HI (t): (a) E0(t) and (b) ϕ(t). Parameters: τ = Emax0 t/ where Emax0 is the maximum value of E0(t) and τf = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-a-interaction-energy-for-h0-solid-green-3tq1sttd.png FIG. 11. (Color online) (a) Interaction energy for H0 (solid green line) and HI (short-dashed green line). (b) Hopping energy for H0 (solid magenta line) and HI (short-dashed magenta line). The same parameters as in Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-color-online-bare-state-populations-for-a-h0-t-and-b-3rw3376r.png FIG. 10. (Color online) Bare-state populations for (a) H0(t), and (b) H (t) and HI (t). |c1(t)|2 (red circles), |c2(t)|2 (short-dashed blue line), and |c3(t)|2 (solid black line). Parameters: τ = Emax0 t/ with Emax0 the maximum value of E0(t), and τf = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-e0-t-and-b-ph-t-t-emax0-t-where-emax0-is-the-maximum-pciqbc9a.png FIG. 9. (a) E0(t) and (b) ϕ(t). τ = Emax0 t/ , where Emax0 is the maximum value of E0(t). τf = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-e0-t-and-b-ph-t-t-emax0-t-where-emax0-is-the-maximum-11r5g9u4.png FIG. 5. (a) E0(t) and (b) ϕ(t). τ = Emax0 t/ where Emax0 is the maximum value of E0(t). τf = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-representation-of-the-1-3-beam-splitter-28p9iag3.png FIG. 8. Schematic representation of the 1:3 beam splitter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-bare-state-populations-for-a-h0-t-and-b-h-1sqb4q5x.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Bare-state populations for (a) H0(t), and (b) H (t) and HI (t). |c1(t)|2 (red circles), |c2(t)|2 (short-dashed blue line) and |c3(t)|2 (solid black line). Parameters: τ = Emax0 t/ with Emax0 the maximum value of E0(t), and τf = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-a-interaction-energy-for-h0-solid-green-3eo38zxj.png FIG. 7. (Color online) (a) Interaction energy for H0 (solid green line) and HI (short-dashed green line). (b) Hopping energy for H0 (solid magenta line) and HI (short-dashed magenta line). The same parameters as in Fig. 5. ∫ EI0dt . The constant-E0 protocol needs τf 18.6 to achieve 0.9999 fidelity, so the protocol driven by HI is 9.3 times faster. https://scispace.com/papers/shortlisting-phytochemicals-exhibiting-inhibitory-activity-4l3thsobn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-32asazh2.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1rw8l66z.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2pu7vewe.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-shortlisted-natural-compounds-for-inhibition-against-1ejchsdh.png Table 4 Shortlisted natural compounds for inhibition against various targets of coronaviruses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-330ln7zb.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-herbal-plants-from-which-phytochemicals-were-k8sqaio3.png Table 2 List of herbal plants from which phytochemicals were screened in silico https://scispace.com/papers/si-implant-assisted-ohmic-contacts-to-gan-2fdnfrtg3p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-specific-contact-resistance-for-samples-that-were-1s3t1zjb.png Fig. 1. Specific contact resistance for samples that were implanted with doses of 1.5 1015 cm 2 at both 30 and 60 keV (- -) or not implanted (—), and were annealed for 2 ( ), 5 ( ), or 10 (N) min for the sample doped to the (a) heavier, and (b) lighter doped samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-specific-contact-resistance-of-higher-and-lower-tpsvwfpc.png Table 2 Specific contact resistance of higher and lower doped samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-afm-micrographs-of-the-a-as-grown-sample-and-for-the-24511pzz.png Fig. 3. AFM micrographs of the (a) as-grown sample, and for the implanted sample annealed for 10 min at, (b) 1100 C, (c) 1150 C, (d) 1200 C, and (e) 1250 C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-specific-contact-resistance-ui-doped-samples-i3001yj6.png Table 3 Specific contact resistance UI doped samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-micrographs-of-the-implanted-regions-under-the-tlm-dnsp8jsn.png Fig. 2. SEM micrographs of the implanted regions under the TLM pads of the heavier doped sample that was annealed for 10 min at: (a) 1100 C, (b) 1150 C, (c) 1200 C, and (d) 1250 C. https://scispace.com/papers/sibling-curves-and-complex-roots-2-looking-ahead-3psikv985z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-domain-of-the-function-b-siblings-of-the-function-1lromaqi.png Figure 3. (a) Domain of the function . (b) Siblings of the function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-function-f-z-cos-z-the-observed-alliance-between-3lk48lih.png Figure 5. Function f(z) = cos z. The observed alliance between the cos function and the cosh function leads to the question whether, if we had started with the cosh function, would we have obtained the cos function as its sibling? If https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-function-f-z-z6-1-1xwo7jz6.png Figure 8. Function f(z)=z6-1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quadratic-function-3el3y9cu.png Figure 1. Quadratic function . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-function-f-z-z3-1-3ctebczf.png Figure 7. Function f(z) = z3 - 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-function-y2-z2-25-2yklggpm.png Figure 6. Function y2 + z2 = 25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-siblings-of-the-exponential-function-1jpfj2yr.png Figure 4. Siblings of the exponential function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-domain-of-the-function-b-siblings-of-the-function-3lnfyhhi.png Figure 2. (a) Domain of the function . (b) Siblings of the function https://scispace.com/papers/si-sige-hbt-uwb-impulse-generators-with-sleep-mode-targeting-eczsp6y4en 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-static-simulation-of-the-widlar-bandgap-reference-374vizwi.png Fig. 4. Static simulation of the Widlar bandgap reference output voltage Vref as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-supply-voltage-dependence-of-the-the-widlar-bandgap-1gd9xprv.png Fig. 5. Supply voltage dependence of the the Widlar bandgap reference voltage (simulation and measurement) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-400mhz-repetition-rate-impulses-with-an-approximate-8kwixr87.png Fig. 6. 400MHz repetition rate impulses with an approximate 5th order derivative Gaussian shape, measured on wafer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-circuit-schematic-of-the-widlar-bandgap-reference-with-2duxotwu.png Fig. 3. Circuit schematic of the Widlar bandgap reference with Vctrl as input signal and Vref as resulting output signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-circuit-schematic-of-the-impulse-generator-2iv3lypo.png Fig. 2. Simplified circuit schematic of the impulse generator ICs. The bandgap reference has been omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-power-spectral-density-psd-of-100mhz-impulse-trains-t1d8wjsz.png Fig. 8. Power spectral density (PSD) of 100MHz impulse trains generated by the fifth Gaussian derivative impulse generator, measured on wafer. The FCC mask for indoor communications is shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-micrograph-of-the-fifth-left-and-seventh-right-gm24u0ye.png Fig. 10. Micrograph of the fifth (left) and seventh (right) Gaussian derivative impulse generator MMICs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-measurement-of-impulse-trains-as-in-fig-6-but-now-for-kwvra388.png Fig. 7. Measurement of impulse trains as in Fig.6, but now for a circuit approximating the 7th order derivative of a Gaussian pulse. https://scispace.com/papers/signal-subspace-approach-for-psychoacoustically-motivated-3jdetmftkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-objective-evaluation-of-speech-distortions-for-2ubs96iw.png Figure 4: Objective evaluation of speech distortions for white noise (a), car engine noise (b), jet cockpit noise (c) using SNR-based measure (SD) and perceptual measure (MBSD); vertical lines denote standard deviations. https://scispace.com/papers/signal-of-opportunity-time-difference-of-arrival-estimation-1bs7h2azfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-early-grid-prototype-1ng92acp.png Figure 1. Early GRID prototype https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-estimated-position-error-and-velocity-propagation-2ofi61y5.png Figure 8. Estimated position error and velocity propagation error https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-earths-orbit-plus-satellites-motion-relative-to-ssb-23mmxwuo.png Figure 7. Earth’s orbit plus satellite’s motion relative to SSB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-estimated-position-error-and-variance-bounds-2na64zt3.png Figure 9. Estimated position error and variance bounds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relative-navsop-concept-2m4u7soc.png Figure 3. Relative NAVSOP concept https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absolute-navsop-concept-barqgnt6.png Figure 2. Absolute NAVSOP concept https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-true-photon-flux-rate-and-actual-measured-photons-k00fgy67.png Figure 4. True photon flux rate and actual measured photons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-navsop-block-diagram-2p78m9si.png Figure 5. NAVSOP Block Diagram https://scispace.com/papers/sideband-cooling-of-nearly-degenerate-micromechanical-14be64uevb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-linear-response-a-cavity-linear-response-for-pump-27zgj632.png FIG. 2. Linear response. (a) Cavity linear response for pump powers increasing in steps of 5 dB from bottom to top, corresponding to G1 = 2π × 357 Hz (bottom curve) and to G1 = 2π × 113 kHz (top curve). Each curve is vertically offset by 10 dB. Black curves are a theory prediction (see text). At high pump powers, splitting of the spectrum into hybrid normal modes is visible. (b) Detail of panel (a), showing anti-Stokes peaks of the individual mechanical modes at low power, and the formation of a single dark mode at high power. (c) Response as function of pump detuning for G1 ≈2π × 94 kHz. Inset: Detail showing dark mode resonance. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-setup-a-our-multimode-optomechanical-system-is-1pmmbjub.png FIG. 1. Setup. (a) Our multimode optomechanical system is analogous to an optical cavity with two compliant end mirrors. (b) Pumping scheme. (c) Cryogenic reflection measurement setup. The pump tone ωP is combined with the probe tone ωin from a vector network analyzer (VNA) and coupled to the sample. The reflected signal is amplified and recorded by either the VNA or a signal analyzer (SA). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sideband-cooling-a-theory-prediction-of-the-mode-28ffjm4a.png FIG. 4. Sideband cooling. (a) Theory prediction of the mode occupation of the bare mechanical modes (dashed lines) and the mechanic-like eigenmodes of the three-mode system (solid lines), in the absence of technical heating effects. Modes are colored as in Figs. 3(b) and 3(c) and labeled in the figure. (b) Fitted effective environment temperatures in the experimental data, expressed in quanta. (c) Occupation of the eigenmodes taking the fitted environment temperatures into account (solid lines). Symbols show the temperatures inferred based on Lorentzian fits to the data according to Eq. (3). The data were normalized to correspond to the fridge temperature at low pumping power. Error bars show statistical 95% confidence levels. Colors and symbols as in Figs. 3(b) and 3(c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-noise-spectrum-a-cavity-output-spectrum-for-varying-3ogfmtfo.png FIG. 3. Noise spectrum. (a) Cavity output spectrum for varying pump power ranging from G1 = 2π × 1.6 kHz (lower curve) to G1 = 2π × 101 kHz (upper curve) in 3 dB steps. Black lines show a theory fit (see text). For each curve the background level is subtracted, and subsequently vertically offset by ten units for clarity. (b) Detail of panel (a). (c) Frequency and (d) linewidth of the eigenmodes. Symbols correspond to Lorentzian fits to the data, lines show the predicted eigenmodes from the three-mode model. At small G1 these correspond to the mechanical (red circles, blue squares) and cavity (green dashed line) modes, respectively; at large G1 the mechanical modes mix to dark (purple downward triangles) and bright (yellow upward triangles) modes. Dotted line shows the expected linewidth for a system with a single mechanical oscillator. Error bars show statistical 95% confidence levels. https://scispace.com/papers/signaling-without-common-prior-an-experiment-nlrmu45drz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-observed-and-simulated-time-series-of-average-5yks7ein.png Figure 7: Observed and simulated time series of average strategies in treatments N-3/4 and K-3/4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-the-experimental-design-31satl5b.png Table 2: Overview of the experimental design https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-series-of-strategies-in-treatments-n-3-4-and-k-1t6quc1a.png Figure 4: Time series of strategies in treatments N -3/4 and K-3/4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-series-of-strategies-in-treatments-n-1-2-and-k-1kxh4gqg.png Figure 3: Time series of strategies in treatments N -1/2 and K-1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-signaling-game-used-in-the-experiment-hr1afrfl.png Figure 1: The signaling game used in the experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-observed-and-simulated-time-series-of-average-2qm0kesw.png Figure 5: Observed and simulated time series of average strategies in treatments N-1/4 and K-1/4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-observed-and-simulated-time-series-of-average-f9op3jia.png Figure 6: Observed and simulated time series of average strategies in treatments N-1/2 and K-1/2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-of-average-strategies-in-treatments-n-1-wdmrux3n.png Figure 2: Time series of average strategies in treatments N -1/4 and K-1/4. https://scispace.com/papers/signal-transduction-in-oligoamide-foldamers-by-selective-non-50begsd3ik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-concentration-dependence-of-induced-conformational-3gdb297d.png Fig 3. Concentration-dependence of induced conformational preference. Plot of the anisochronicity (Δδ, ppb) of the labelled 13CH3 signals of 1a vs concentration of 1a [mM] recorded in THF-d8 at 296 K. Ratio proton sponge:1a:2a = 4:1:3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-variation-of-with-number-of-equivalents-of-proton-zlziyc7w.png Fig 2. Variation of with number of equivalents of proton sponge: Plot of the anisochronicity (Δδ, ppb) of the two diastereotopic 13CH3 signals in foldamer-ureas 1a1d vs the ratio proton sponge:1 in the presence of 3.0 equiv. (R)-VAPOL phosphoric acid https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-screw-sense-induction-by-binding-of-chiral-phosphate-2v8wm6p7.png Fig 6. Screw-sense induction by binding of chiral phosphate 2a to enantioselectively 13C-labelled foldamer 1a*. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-induction-of-conformational-preference-as-a-function-1mxah8lj.png Fig 4. Induction of conformational preference as a function of phosphate anion structure. Plot of the anisochronicity (Δδ, ppb) of the labelled 13CH3 signals of 1a vs amount of added proton sponge for several phosphoric acids, recorded in THF-d8 at 296 K; [1a]initial = 5 mM, [2] initial = 15mM; (2a), (2b), (2c) and ▲(2d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-the-anisochronicity-dd-ppb-of-the-labelled-1uqk3ak4.png Fig 5. Plot of the anisochronicity (Δδ, ppb) of the labelled 13CH3 signals of 1a vs amount of added proton sponge for different starting ratios of 2a:1a; 3 equiv, ▲ 6 equiv, 9 equiv and 12 equiv phosphoric acid. https://scispace.com/papers/signature-graphs-for-effective-localization-dr9qq13ltb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-signatures-plotted-on-a-construction-plan-the-circles-gg07ugwz.png Fig. 1. Signatures plotted on a construction plan. The circles represents nodes in the signature graph. Visible differences between the signatures and the map are caused by obstacles found in the corridors such as benches and tables. The signatures span up the free-space available for the wheelchair. It is possible to see that the door to room A1505 is partly opened, check with Figure 11. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-definition-of-a-signature-is-based-on-the-angles-2u9w92yd.png Fig. 3. The definition of a signature is based on the angles between the chord vectors and the vector connecting the two circle sectors. The chord lengths and the radius of the circle sectors are also contained in the definition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-topological-metric-graph-of-a-building-at-lulea-g4hzawhw.png Fig. 2. A topological metric graph of A-building at Luleå University of Technology. The graph has eight nodes,{A, ...,H} and seven edges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-signature-plotted-with-a-solid-line-was-detected-2lbg970a.png Fig. 4. A signature, plotted with a solid line, was detected from collected range data. It was matched against reference signatures, stored in a signature graph, using the Mahalanobis distance. The reference signature is plotted dashed. Different trajectories can be stored in the signature object; one is plotted as the dotted solid line. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-detected-signature-plotted-in-its-environment-it-2vkqjp5x.png Fig. 5. A detected signature plotted in its environment. It consists of two circle chords and a connecting line. A signature indicates that there is exists free-space for navigation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-thee-step-expansion-sequence-by-the-circle-sector-2zf4yhqd.png Fig. 6. A thee step expansion sequence by the circle sector expansion method. The arrows marks are expanding directions. The connected circle centers form a Voronoi diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-of-the-circle-sector-expansion-in-an-1x95wd3b.png Fig. 8. An example of the circle sector expansion in an artificial corridor environment with present obstacles. The CSE method finds a possible path pass the obstacles. In this case the strategy for the expansion process was to always pick the circle sector with the longest chord. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-circle-sector-is-defined-by-the-three-complex-37qaqj1y.png Fig. 7. The circle sector is defined by the three complex numbers z1(k), z2(k), z3(k). The center of the circle sector is zc(k) = xc + iyc. The radius is rc(k) and the sector angle βc(k). The heading of the sector is θc(k). https://scispace.com/papers/signals-of-astronomical-climate-forcing-in-the-exposure-2c04pazg9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-topographic-map-mars-orbiter-laser-altimeter-of-268zde4l.png Figure 1. (a) Topographic map (Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter) of Marsˈ NPLD. The black dots indicate our study sites. (b) HiRISE merged color image of site N0 (yellow box in Figure 1a) over a Context Camera (CTX) image. The black line represents the track of the profiles we extracted. (c) Zoomed-in view of yellow box in Figure 1b. (d) Perspective view of HiRISE DTM with 1-D topographic profiles drawn (black line in Figure 1b), which we used to extract protrusion and slope from the DTM and brightness from the orthoimages. (e) Schematic of the protrusion calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-variation-of-the-peak-solar-flux-on-mars-at-155l2gak.png Figure 3. (a) Variation of the peak solar flux on Mars at 85°N over the last 5Myr (left) and its WPS (right). The width of the white bar on the WPS image represents a ratio of ~2.3 between the ~51 kyr precession cycle of the argument of perihelion and the ~120 kyr obliquity oscillation. (b–d) Synthetic stratigraphic profiles of dust to ice ratio created with the model of Hvidberg et al. [2012] and their WPS. Figure 3b shows constant ice deposition rate but time-varying dust deposition rate. White bar = ratio of 2.19. Figure 3c shows constant dust deposition rate but time-varying ice deposition rate. White bar = ratio of 1.91. Figure 3d shows that both rates vary with time. White bar = ratio of 1.97. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stratigraphic-profiles-line-plots-and-wps-colored-2xmaaa5t.png Figure 2. Stratigraphic profiles (line plots) and WPS (colored images) of sites N0 and N3. Warmer colors signify higher power. The black curves delineate the 95% confidence contours for red noise plotted over the WPS. Wavelength-depth regions within these contours are considered to have statistically significant spectral power. (a) Protrusion profile of site N0. (b) WPS of Figure 2a. The width of the white bar represents a ratio between dominant wavelengths of 1.94. (c) Local slope profile of site N0. (d) WPS of Figure 2c. White bar = ratio of 2. (e) I/F profile of site N0. (f) WPS of Figure 2e. White bar = ratio of 2.4. (g–l) Same as Figures 2a–2f but for site N3. White bar in 2 h = ratio of 2.33. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dominant-periodicities-and-ratios-of-stratigraphic-3sx8s5iu.png Table 1. Dominant Periodicities and Ratios of Stratigraphic Profiles of the NPLD, of the Insolation Signal, and of the Three Model Scenariosa https://scispace.com/papers/signatures-of-delayed-detonation-asymmetry-and-electron-1uluhu6px6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-observed-line-emission-from-ar-lines-in-the-mir-3pxky00o.png Fig. 5.—Observed line emission from Ar lines in the MIR spectrum of SN 2005df on day 135, plotted in velocity space relative to the rest frame of the host galaxy. The central vertical dotted line indicates emission at rest relative to the host, while the outer lines indicate the approximate positions of the peaks in the Ar emission at 4300 and +6300 km s 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-observed-velocity-profiles-of-three-emission-features-34ecayjk.png Fig. 6.—Observed velocity profiles of three emission features in the MIR spectrum of SN 2005df on day 135 that could potentially be consistent with [Ni i] emission at high velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-observed-mir-broadband-photometry-of-sn-2005df-at-zx73rxz7.png Fig. 1.—Observed MIR broadband photometry of SN 2005df at three epochs: 2005 November, 2006 February, and 2006 August. The SED shows little evidence of evolution except for the rapid fading of the IRAC channel 1 (3.6 m) flux between the first two epochs. [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-argon-distribution-from-a-2d-model-for-an-off-center-6j9xpafl.png Fig. 16.—Argon distribution from a 2D model for an off-center DD model. The model shown is the same as that described by Fesen et al. (2007 ), and the color scale is the same as their Fig. 7, with red corresponding to the mass fraction peak and blue corresponding to zero mass fraction. The box dimensions correspond to velocities of 27,500 km s 1. The model shows a ‘‘crescent-shaped’’ density peak, which is perhaps qualitatively similar to one lobe of our prolate Ar emission model. (See text for discussion.) [See the electronic edition of the Journal for a color version of this figure.] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-schematic-of-the-model-emission-used-to-create-the-2nabnikv.png Fig. 15.—Schematic of the model emission used to create the line profiles in Fig. 14. Emission is uniformly distributed in prolate ellipsoids with a central spherical hole offset along the line of sight. The figure is to scale with the geometry used for the Ar line profiles in Fig. 14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-observed-line-emission-fromar-lines-in-themir-ogecl4ht.png Fig. 8.—Observed line emission fromAr lines in theMIR spectrumSN2003hv on day 375, plotted in velocity space relative to the rest frame of the host galaxy. The central vertical dotted line indicates emission at rest relative to the host. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-observed-mir-spectrum-of-sn-2003hv-compared-with-that-17l2vzpc.png Fig. 7.—Observed MIR spectrum of SN 2003hv compared with that of SN 2005df. Wavelengths are shown as vacuum coordinates in the observer’s frame, and are plotted on a logarithmic scale so that the observed line width is proportional to the velocity line width throughout the large-wavelength span. Error bars (based on the output error spectra from the individual order extractions, propagated through the weighted averaging of the orders) are included to help distinguish noise from features in the low S/N spectrum of SN 2003hv. See text for discussion of line identifications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-observed-ar-line-profiles-in-sn-2005df-on-day-135-3l9ywjik.png Fig. 14.—Observed Ar line profiles in SN 2005df on day 135 compared with calculated emission-line profiles for a pole-on prolate emission geometry with an off-center spherical hole near the middle. (See text for details.) https://scispace.com/papers/significant-transcriptional-changes-in-mature-daughter-3oc2udze0h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-659-660-2tbsykpl.png Figure 9 659 660 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-611-612-2b5mus5k.png Figure 2 611 612 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-637-638-310cbq1f.png Figure 6 637 638 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-662-663-1ntjinfh.png Figure 10 662 663 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-604-605-1hy71mbq.png Figure 1 604 605 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-rna-sequencing-data-obtained-2bmzpfpa.png Table 2. Summary statistics of RNA sequencing data obtained from V. destructor. 709 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overall-quality-chrematistics-of-the-obtained-3uj5iihy.png Table 1. Overall quality chrematistics of the obtained sequences. 706 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-619-620-3w1kwcr4.png Figure 4 619 620 https://scispace.com/papers/signatures-of-ubiquitous-magnetic-reconnection-in-the-deep-4qjem95dsa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-location-of-pebs-compared-to-the-vertical-magnetic-ku1kq2pb.png Fig. 4. Location of PEBs compared to the vertical magnetic field Bz. The top-left panel shows a split image of the sunspot observed on 22 September 2017, with the left part in the Hβ blue wing at −0.2 Å offset and the right part at −0.6 Å. The blue contours indicate the radial distance r/Rspot to the umbral center that is marked with the blue cross. The contour for r/Rspot = 1.00 is the outer penumbra boundary, defined from the associated WB image. The top-right panel shows the Bz map, derived from ME inversions of the Fe i lines, scaled between −400 and +1600 G. Regions with artifacts due to the de-projection method are marked in green. The sets of panels at the bottom show four ROIs in Hβ −0.2 Å, −0.6 Å, and Bz, respectively. Red contours outline PEBs detected through the k-means method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-ebs-and-their-properties-with-respect-3a8jfz4x.png Fig. 5. Distribution of EBs and their properties with respect to radial distance from the sunspot center (observed on 22 September 2017). The outer sunspot boundary is at r/Rspot = 1 and is marked by the yellow vertical line (see also the contours in Fig. 4). The statistics are based on k-means detections, the total number of EB detections is 372, of which 108 are PEBs. Top panel: EB occurrence. The red curve shows the ratio of negative magnetic polarity flux relative to total absolute flux (the sunspot is dominated by positive polarity). The blue curve shows the fraction of pixels with negative polarity relative to all pixels with significant magnetic signal (|Bz| > 50 G). Middle panels: area of the EB detections. Bottom panels: Hβ wing brightness enhancement of the brightest pixel in the EB detection relative to the local background in a 100× 100 pixel area and excluding EB detection pixels. The brightness enhancement is relative to the outermost wavelength positions on both sides of the line center of the background Hβ profile, and on a scaling set by the normalized quiet Sun reference profile. For the two bottom rows, the right panels show occurrence histograms with the black line outlining the histograms for PEBs. The histogram bin size is 0.003 Mm2 in area and 0.12 in brightness enhancement. The gray lines in the left panels mark the average values for each radial distance r/Rspot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-limb-side-part-of-the-sunspot-in-ar12681-observed-on-3ud24gjv.png Fig. 1. Limb-side part of the sunspot in AR12681 observed on 22 September 2017 in Hβ and Hα blue wing and CHROMIS WB 4846 Å. PEBs are visible as small bright features all over the penumbra, some with clear flame morphology pointing straight up between filaments. These PEBs are invisible in the continuum WB image. The direction to the nearest limb is approximately upward along the y-axis. The top image includes six squares labeled A–F that mark ROIs that are shown in detail in Fig. 2. An animation of this figure is available online. This animation shows a spectral scan through the Hβ and Hα lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-details-of-ebs-in-and-outside-the-penumbra-of-the-3g06drc4.png Fig. 2. Details of EBs in and outside the penumbra of the sunspot shown in Fig. 1 in six ROIs. The spatial X,Y coordinates are at the same scale as Fig. 1. The top row of panels for each ROI shows Hβ and Hα blue wing and CHROMIS WB 4846 Å images. The bottom-left panels show λx-diagrams of the spectral profiles along the red dotted line in the panels above. The bottom-right panel shows spectral profiles for Hβ (solid black line) and Hα (dashed line) from the position of the red cross in the top-left panels. The thin gray profiles are references to spectral profiles averaged over an area outside the sunspot. The intensity scaling is normalized to the level of the far red wing of the reference profile. The red tick in the bottom row panels indicates the line position of the wing images in the top left. ROI A is centered on a strong EB outside the sunspot. ROI B is centered on an EB at the outer edge of the penumbra. All other examples are PEBs inside the penumbra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-temporal-evolution-of-pebs-in-the-sunspot-in-ar12533-2tywivux.png Fig. 6. Temporal evolution of PEBs in the sunspot in AR12533 observed on 29 April 2016. The top-left image shows a Hα blue wing image at −0.8 Å with three regions of interest (ROI) marked with labels A, B, and C. The temporal evolution for these ROIs is shown in the rows with smaller Hα wing images, where the time is marked in the top left. The bottom row of images shows the temporal evolution in ROI C in WB 8542 Å for comparison. The spacing between the large ticks in the ROI images is 1′′. The contrast in the top-left overview image is enhanced by applying a gamma correction with Γ = 2; all other images have linear scaling on a common scale for each ROI. Three animations associated to this figure are available online: a movie of the sunspot in the Hα blue wing as in the top-left panel, the corresponding movie in WB 8542 Å, and a combined movie showing the left part of the sunspot. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-twenty-nine-rps-from-the-k-means-clustering-of-the-hb-1wng7fbk.png Fig. 3. Twenty-nine RPs from the k-means clustering of the Hβ line that are identified as a signature of EB. The black lines show RPs, whereas shaded colored areas represent the density distribution of Hβ spectra within a cluster; darker shades indicate a higher density. Within a particular cluster, the Hβ profile that is farthest (measured in euclidean distance) from the corresponding RPs is shown by the black dotted line. As reference, the average quiet Sun profile (gray line) is plotted in each panel. RPs 0–24 show the typical EB-like Hβ profiles, that is, enhanced wings and unaffected line core, while RPs 25–28 display both an enhancement in the wings as well as in the line core. The parameter n represents the number of pixels in a cluster as percentage of the total of ∼1.73 × 106 pixels. https://scispace.com/papers/signs-of-hunger-in-dairy-calves-indicate-suboptimal-periods-2c2d7clz9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-presentation-of-the-course-of-the-gpkkytuh.png Figure 1: Schematic presentation of the course of the experimental set up. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-effects-as-well-as-test-statistics-one-3r7k6vca.png Table 1. Estimated effects as well as test statistics (one-sample t Test, pseudo-F-test and F-values for models with normally distributed errors and likelihood-ratio text and χ2 – values for models based on Poisson distribution) and p-values of the full model and all outcome variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-unrewarded-visits-to-the-milk-feeder-per-ooxejhkk.png Figure 2: Number of unrewarded visits to the milk feeder per day (a), number of contacts with the teat during each unrewarded visit (b), and proportion of concentrate consumed daily in relation to maximally available amount of concentrate (c) in dependence of weaning period (“before” and “during” gradual weaning) and weaning method (“individual weaning” and “ad libitum”). Box-and-whiskers plot: boxes = 1st and 3rd quartile, thick line = median, whiskers = range from minimum to maximum value. Solid lines = model estimates, dotted lines = 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/silencing-cathepsin-l-expression-reduces-myzus-persicae-1623g33k6c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-expression-profiling-based-on-qrt-pcr-of-cathepsin-y99aiunb.png Figure 2. Expression profiling based on qRT-PCR of cathepsin L in aphids feeding on tobacco plants with and without pFGC-IR_RNAi constructs. (A) Relative expression after three days (B) Relative expression after five days days (C) Relative expression after eight days. Mean ± SE of N = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, Dunnett’s test relative to control at the same time point. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biochemical-analysis-of-aphids-fed-on-transgenic-3u4aa2lz.png Figure 4. Biochemical analysis of aphids fed on transgenic and non- transgenic tobacco plants. (A) Total protein content of aphids, (B) Glycogen content of aphids, (C) Total sugar content of aphids, (D) Total lipid content of aphids. Mean ± SE of N = 3. **P < 0.05, two-tailed t-test. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-based-oxidation-resistant-coatings-on-ti6242-alloy-2sdeoacki3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sims-composition-depth-profiles-of-zr-in-sixny-coated-3cf6u059.png Fig. 6. SIMS composition depth profiles of Zr in SixNy coated Ti6242 before and after 100 h of oxidation at 600 °C under synthetic air showing Zr segregation at the coating/Ti6242 interface. The Zr depth profiles(Cs+Zr2−) are compared before and after oxidation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-feg-sem-micrograph-of-a-localized-pinhole-zone-showing-1kcsfpiq.png Fig. 3. FEG SEM micrograph of a localized pinhole zone showing titanium oxide growth on SixNy coated specimen oxidized 100 h at 600 °C in synthetic air. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-sims-depth-profiles-of-oxygen-in-sixcy-coated-ti6242-166ui9vi.png Fig. 8. SIMS depth profiles of oxygen in SixCy coated Ti6242 showing no oxygen diffusion in the coating after 100 h of oxidation at 600 °C. Oxygen depth profiles (Cs2 +O2−) are compared before and after oxidation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sims-depth-profiles-of-oxygen-in-sixny-coated-ti6242-1pdeimea.png Fig. 7. SIMS depth profiles of oxygen in SixNy coated Ti6242 showing no oxygen diffusion in the coating after 100 h of oxidation at 600 °C. Oxygen depth profiles (Cs2 +O2−) are compared before and after oxidation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-x-ray-diffractograms-cu-ka-radiation-at-a-grazing-1gbwgxmn.png Fig. 4. X-ray diffractograms (Cu Kα radiation) at a grazing angle α = 2° of the initial Ti6242 alloy, coated with SixCy film, oxidized SixCy coated alloy (lower curve rough surface, upper curve mirror polished surface). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-feg-micrographs-of-the-sixny-fractured-coating-237sl39r.png Fig. 1. SEM FEG micrographs of the SixNy fractured coating showing the fully dense amorphous structure. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-carbide-power-mosfet-performance-in-high-efficiency-bxm69qqq5a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-representation-of-a-solar-electric-2hifad4w.png Figure 1 A schematic representation of a solar electric propulsion (SEP) architecture for in-space solar electric propulsion with integrated High Temperature Boost (HTB) Power Processing Unit (PPU). Photonic energy is converted to electricity by the solar array and the resultant energy is regulated and distributed by the Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) system providing an unregulated output power to the PPU. The anode power assembly module is composed of a typical straight boost design utilizing commercially available SiC MOSFETs and diodes for switching. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-schematic-of-high-temperature-reverse-bias-1umyz09i.png Figure 3 A schematic of High Temperature Reverse Bias characterization setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-of-high-temperature-gate-bias-29tn0pwg.png Figure 2 A schematic of High Temperature Gate Bias characterization setup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-threshold-voltage-drift-due-to-20v-30v-and-40v-3hqhddsy.png Figure 4 The threshold voltage drift due to 20V, 30V and 40V VGS at 125 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-threshold-voltage-drift-due-to-20v-gate-bias-of-2paotmug.png Figure 5 The threshold voltage drift due to 20V gate bias of CREE CMF20120D and C2M0025120D devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-predicted-lifetimes-using-measured-t50-and-the-3c58u41a.png Figure 6 The predicted lifetimes using measured t50% and the Eyring model. The lifetime is based on experimental HTGB data measured at 20V, 30V, and 40V VGS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-htrb-voltage-accelerated-drain-source-junction-2acivo69.png Figure 7 The HTRB voltage accelerated drain-source junction integrity test suggests reliability of over 120 years with 1000V VDS at junction temperature of 150 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-anode-power-supply-efficiency-vs-normalized-2kp0ge3d.png Figure 8 The anode power supply efficiency vs. normalized MOSFET on-state resistance. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-carbide-detectors-for-in-vivo-dosimetry-3zhmmczr30 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-current-left-axis-and-current-density-right-axis-of-1r2wheyl.png Fig. 2. Current (left axis) and current density (right axis) of the mm SiC https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-main-features-of-a-4h-sic-and-three-commercial-si-q60stnmc.png TABLE I MAIN FEATURES OF A 4H-SIC AND THREE COMMERCIAL SI DOSIMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-free-carrier-concentration-profile-as-a-function-of-3vzsz7rx.png Fig. 5. Free carrier concentration profile as a function of the distance from https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-depletion-layer-depth-as-a-function-of-the-applied-e0ks5snh.png Fig. 6. Depletion layer depth as a function of the applied voltage as derived from C–V measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-of-the-experimental-setup-used-for-in-vivo-3d193npr.png Fig. 7. Schematic of the experimental setup used for in vivo dosimetry. The linear accelerator used in this work produced X-rays with energies of 6 MV. The clinical photon beam was produced in the direction of the electron beam striking the X-ray target. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-leakage-currents-not-reverse-on-axis-and-current-1sfwfkwe.png Fig. 11. Leakage currents not reverse on axis and current densities (right axis) of the SiC dosimeter at 100 V and 200 V at room temperature before and after irradiation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-stability-of-the-responses-for-the-sic-and-the-three-1uqyhl1f.png Fig. 10. Stability of the responses for the SiC and the three commercial dosimeters. A sequence of ten measurements of the output charge was done at a con- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photograph-and-cross-section-of-the-epitaxial-4h-sic-kw09dir2.png Fig. 1. Photograph and cross-section of the epitaxial 4H-SiC detector. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-photonic-integration-platform-have-we-found-the-4lk4wh8a7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-single-mode-width-versus-wavelength-for-soi-strip-2nfdnxdf.png Fig. 4. Single mode width versus wavelength for SOI strip waveguides with different heights. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-effective-mode-index-of-silicon-slab-waveguides-with-1leth35c.png Fig. 14. Effective mode index of silicon slab waveguides with varying thickness (horizontal dashed black lines) and of three representative III–V wave guides, as a function of their width. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-difference-between-the-fraction-of-modal-overlap-with-3vyewvu6.png Fig. 13. Difference between the fraction of modal overlap with the varying depletion region for TE and TM polarizations (top) and difference in the optical loss in dB/mm for TE and TM polarizations (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coherent-transceiver-modules-left-block-diagram-of-a-2gmktcgn.png Fig. 1. Coherent transceiver modules. Left: Block diagram of a DP-QPSK transmitter module; Right: Block diagram of a DP-QPSK receiver module, shown with balanced detection and outputs. Source: www.oiforum.com (Optical internetworking forum). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-coupling-length-lp-for-full-power-transfer-as-a-lneeutfi.png Fig. 5. (a) Coupling length Lπ for full power transfer as a function of waveguide separation. Here, H = 260 nm, W = 450 nm, the wavelength is 1550 nm and air is the upper cladding. (b) Cross-coupling coefficient as a function of the waveguide width, with the center-center separation kept at a constant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-optical-doping-loss-db-mm-against-different-waveguide-37ftu1u1.png Fig. 11. Optical doping loss (dB/mm) against different waveguide dimensions for TE polarization (top) and TM polarization (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-fom-against-different-waveguide-dimensions-for-te-2byu5k7j.png Fig. 12. FOM against different waveguide dimensions for TE polarization (top) and TM polarization (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-cross-sectional-diagram-of-a-typical-carrier-depletion-3f98fkpg.png Fig. 8. Cross-sectional diagram of a typical carrier depletion modulator. https://scispace.com/papers/silicon-photonics-based-wideband-radar-beamforming-basic-29djewqxec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-attenuation-versus-bias-current-of-the-ridge-waveguide-2ho85txn.png Fig. 8 Attenuation versus bias current of the ridge waveguide with pn junction diode under forward bias for intensity loss modulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-simulated-switching-results-for-a-silicon-intensity-td072diq.png Fig. 7 Simulated switching results for a silicon intensity loss modulator, showing: a applied electrical signal; b output optical transmission with 50-dB extinction ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulated-switching-results-of-a-silicon-phase-vcmccb6r.png Fig. 9 Simulated switching results of a silicon phase modulator, showing: a applied electrical signal; b transient response for attaining phase shift. The result confirms that 30-ns switching time is attainable in the proposed switches. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-proposed-s-shaped-waveguides-for-achieving-long-on-17ljgjuo.png Fig. 4 Proposed S-shaped waveguides for achieving long on-chip photonic delay lines in the silicon TDU of Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-proposed-method-for-integrating-a-photonic-delay-line-3w1pxcn1.png Fig. 5 Proposed method for integrating a photonic delay line and a silicon Raman amplifier needed for the TDU design of Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-of-the-proposed-silicon-eo-modulator-with-a-1j7v9cw3.png Fig. 6 Schematic of the proposed silicon EO modulator with a straddling pn junction diode. Modulation of carriers electrons and holes in the waveguide core region via the pn junction allows phase or intensity modulation of the guided light. Ridge height H=2.0 m, waveguide width W=1.5 m, slab height h=1.1 m, and contact-toridge spacing d=2 m are used in the numerical simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-advanced-rf-paa-beamformer-design-using-one-25z1ihog.png Fig. 1 An advanced rf PAA beamformer design using one variable TDU per antenna element. HPA: high-power amplifier; LNA: lownoise amplifier; T/R: rf transmit/receive switch; TDU: time-delay unit with rf in and rf out. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-a-1-2-and-b-2-2-silicon-optical-switch-25zng931.png Fig. 3 Proposed a 1 2 and b 2 2 silicon optical switch designs to be used to realize the TDU design in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/silver-minerals-and-paragenesis-in-the-kangjiawan-pb-zn-ag-231dmwbn6f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-photographs-of-ores-and-silver-minerals-a-massive-17ffc2ry.png FIG. 5. Photographs of ores and silver minerals. A. Massive pyrite–Pb–Zn ore. B. Massive Pb-rich ore with two generations of galena. The later fine-grained galena (Gn2) fills in the fractures of coarse-grained galena (Gn1) ore. C. Photomicrograph of zoned pyrite (Py). D. Back-scattered electron image of zoned pyrite with the high-As rim. Black dots are points of EPMA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-homogenization-temperature-th-versus-ice-melting-cv3j0szt.png FIG. 8. Homogenization temperature (Th) versus ice melting temperature (Tm) diagram showing probable environments of four stages of mineralization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geological-map-of-the-shuikoushan-mineral-district-2579xoiu.png FIG. 1. Geological map of the Shuikoushan mineral district, China (after Yan 1985). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-paragenetic-sequence-of-ore-minerals-kangjiawan-1m3qfzq9.png FIG. 7. Paragenetic sequence of ore minerals, Kangjiawan deposit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-general-plans-of-the-kangjiawan-deposit-exploration-3qcnlsex.png FIG. 2. General plans of the Kangjiawan deposit. Exploration lines (E–W) are denoted by numbers 100 to 139. Left: Distribution and shape of major ore bodies I–VII (after Zhang 1991). Right: Locations of samples for fluid inclusion and arsenopyrite geothermometry. Contours of decrepitation temperatures for pyrite are shown (modified from Yan 1985 and Zhang 1991). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-east-west-cross-section-along-100-line-after-yan-1985-uoh185xy.png FIG. 3. East–west cross-section along 100 line (after Yan 1985). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-triangular-diagram-of-ag-cu-sulfosalts-black-dots-show-2zr8knxp.png FIG. 6. Triangular diagram of Ag–Cu sulfosalts. Black dots show representative compositions of some silver minerals in the Kangjiawan deposit. The arrow indicates the trend of evolution of silver mineral assemblages during mineralization. The compositional https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plan-of-orebody-iv-230-m-level-with-the-variations-of-2bzp5mcb.png FIG. 4. Plan of orebody IV (–230 m level) with the variations of Ag, Pb and Zn grades in some tunnels. https://scispace.com/papers/silviculture-of-southwestern-ponderosa-pine-the-status-of-4jdl57mszn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-est-imated-gross-per-acre-volume-available-for-1df2je1f.png Table 9 . --Est imated gross per-acre volume available for harvest at 20-year intervals, by basal area stocking levels, for a ponderosa pine selection forest on areas with site index of 85 _ 90 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-of-mean-monthly-soil-temperature-at-2dl35m4j.png Figure 5.—Relationship of mean monthly soil temperature at three depths to mean monthly air temperature at Fort Valley Experimental Forest, Arizona. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-relationship-between-total-cone-production-per-1u8nil9f.png Figure 28.—Relationship between total cone production per acre and the percentage of twigs with conelets found during the spring preceding https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-ponderosa-pines-in-tight-clumps-on-shallow-soil-p1vy5nko.png Figure 10.—Ponderosa pines in tight clumps, on shallow soil, and on areas with high water table are susceptible to windthrow if the stand is opened. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-site-index-curves-for-ponderosa-pine-eastern-slope-3qhxjasi.png Figure 21 .—Site index curves for ponderosa pine, eastern slope of the Front Range in northern https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-volume-of-ponderosa-pine-growing-stock-and-sawtimber-q4b04vq1.png Table 2. --Volume of ponderosa pine growing stock and sawtimber on commercial forest land, in four States, 1962 (Wilson and Spencer 1967) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-net-annual-growth-and-cut-of-ponderosa-pine-growing-lm4g19th.png Table 3. "Net annual growth and cut of ponderosa pine growing stock and sawtimber, in four States, 1962 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-major-causes-of-mortality-of-ponderosa-pine-in-the-1psl83nx.png Table 7-" _ Major causes of mortality of ponderosa pine in the Southwest, by States https://scispace.com/papers/simply-saliva-stability-of-sars-cov-2-detection-negates-the-4bolb0tpzu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stability-of-sars-cov-2-rna-detection-in-saliva-38szn712.png Figure 1. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in saliva. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in (A) saliva (n=20) on day of sample collection (fresh) or after storage at -80°C, 30°C for 3 days or room temperature (RT, recorded as ~19°C) for 5 days. The detection of RNA remained stable regardless of starting Ct value (Pearson’s r = -0.085, p = 0.518). At room temperature (B), detection remained stable for up to 25 days. Ct values from the same sample in different conditions are connected by a dotted line. The black dashed line represents Ct 38 which we applied as the cut-off to determine sample positivity. Samples that remained not detected (ND) after 45 cycles are depicted as Ct 42. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-possible-saliva-collection-devices-type-approach-and-3o7pp89h.png Table 1. Possible saliva collection devices: type, approach and list price (USD) per sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-viral-load-of-saliva-samples-tested-for-infectious-g29rr2gs.png Figure 2. Viral load of saliva samples tested for infectious SARS-CoV-2. Starting viral load (calculated from RT-qPCR detection of N1) of saliva samples incubated with Vero-E6 cells for 72 hours. Orange diamonds depict samples in which a reduction in Ct value of >2 at 72 hours post-inoculation was observed as compared to 1 hour post-inoculation. Plaque assays with the cellular lysate from 72 hours post-inoculation however, resulted in no plaque forming units (PFU) after 48 hours post-infection. https://scispace.com/papers/simulated-productivity-of-conceptual-multi-headed-tree-1o9ig3nphc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-time-consumption-tc-seconds-per-planted-31nqzvp3.png Table 3. Mean time consumption (TC; seconds per planted seedling, s/pl) values per device model and work element when reforesting terrain model 3 using mounding and inverting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-diameter-class-distribution-of-surface-boulders-3fe2dhl0.png Figure 1. The diameter class distribution of surface boulders >2 dm on moraine soils as measured on 1019 variably sized sample plots during the second Swedish National Forest Soil Inventory 1993-2001 (Ståndortskarteringen 2014). Minimum value: 2 dm; maximum value: 69 dm. n = 10187. Data labels and arrows are provided for diameter classes >25 dm that contain at least one boulder. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-area-required-by-various-planting-device-models-pruijrze.png Figure 7. The area required by various planting device models to find 2000 acceptable microsites per ha assuming 40 cm mounding blade width (except for the M-Planter device models which assumed 45 cm wide mounding blades). ObAv = having obstacle-avoiding features. Note: 3h Triangle, 4h Square, and 2h-configurations with <2 m dibble distances were not simulated in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-device-models-physical-description-and-parameter-2ytxsrb8.png Table 2. The device models’ physical description and parameter values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-mean-total-time-consumption-tc-per-planted-3kdldcio.png Figure 4. The mean total time consumption (TC) per planted seedling per device (1h-4h) and terrain model when mounding (A) and inverting (B). The vertical bars are the 95% confidence intervals. See Table 1 for terrain model clarification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-effect-of-changing-the-parameter-values-used-in-2jf4ur66.png Table 4. The effect of changing the parameter values used in the basic scenario on the mean time consumption (TC; s/pl) of one- to four-headed planting devices when reforesting terrain model 3 using mounding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-terrain-models-descriptive-parameters-3pvm6w6j.png Table 1. The terrain models’ descriptive parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screen-snapshot-of-the-humus-depth-on-terrain-model-2rcslg4m.png Figure 2. Screen snapshot of the humus depth on terrain model 3 (moderately thick humus). The humus depth varies from 5 cm (light shade) to 15 cm (dark shade). https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-the-cross-linguistic-pattern-of-optional-2jccjqz3ex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-mosaic-network-after-it-has-seen-the-phrase-he-goes-obmexkxw.png Fig. 1: A MOSAIC network after it has seen the phrase He goes home five times. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-data-old-and-new-model-for-peter-2wtnqb12.png Fig. 6: Data, old and new model for Peter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-example-declarative-output-continued-37rzjfcn.png Table 2: Example declarative output (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-data-old-and-new-model-for-leo-8i8ba6oz.png Fig. 8: Data, old and new model for Leo. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-mosaic-network-that-has-associated-the-word-he-and-39knrdmx.png Fig. 2: A MOSAIC network that has associated the word He and the phrase Go home. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-proportions-of-oi-errors-in-wh-questions-for-anne-n79xzeej.png Table 4: Proportions of OI errors in Wh- questions for Anne, Becky, Leo and Juan at three developmental stages (number of contributing utterances and MLU in parentheses). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presence-and-absence-of-oi-errors-in-declaratives-in-1cyk6kki.png Table 1: Presence and absence of OI errors in declaratives in Wh- questions in English, Dutch, German and Spanish https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-example-wh-question-output-38nquwc7.png Table 3: Example Wh- question output https://scispace.com/papers/simulating-the-effects-of-wolf-elk-population-dynamics-on-5dci5w7yop 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pictorial-representation-of-the-wolf-kill-rate-uj91lr6u.png Fig. 2. Pictorial representation of the wolf kill-rate function as defined inEq. (19). As the half saturation level decreases fromµ1 to µ2, wolf kill-rate K declines at lower ratios of wolves to elk. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-carrion-diversity-index-plotted-for-1000-runs-of-the-1r93rkd9.png Fig. 5. Carrion diversity index plotted for 1000 runs of the model, choosing parameter values from their uniform distributions (Table 1), except for the abruptness parameters which has the specific values represented by thex-axis: (A) pre-wolf model; (B) post-wolf model with pre-wolf regression line plotted for purposes of comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-average-pre-wolf-carrion-distribution-generated-from-1q1gffxs.png Fig. 4. (A) Average pre-wolf carrion distribution generated from one run of the model with average parameter values taken fromTable 1 and the half saturation parameterλ tuned so as to generate an average elk population of 17,000, (B) average post-wolf carrion distribution generated with the same pre-wolf parameter set as in (A) and average post-wolf parameters taken fromTable 1with the wolf kill-rate half saturation parameterµ tuned so as to generate and average wolf population of 100. Error bars represent one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-female-elk-survivorship-curves-generated-22i3yuk0.png Fig. 7. Comparison of female elk survivorship curves generated by following each cohort through to their deaths. We then take the average survival of each cohort for one run of the model. We use the same parameter sets as those inFig. 4 with a hunt levelθ = 0.05 and proportions of cows harvestedρcow = 0.95. Survivorship curves are generated for the pre-wolf, pre-wolf with hunting and post-wolf models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-descriptions-and-data-ranges-n5cfl2v7.png Table 1 Parameter descriptions and data ranges https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-sigmoid-elk-density-dependence-function-as-defined-3rcam33x.png Fig. 1. The sigmoid elk density-dependence function as defined in Eq. (8). Increasing the shape parameter,s, increases the abruptness of density dependence onset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-of-a-elk-numbers-and-b-carrion-levels-under-109rdt5g.png Fig. 6. Comparison of (A) elk numbers and (B) carrion levels under different proportionsρcow of cows harvested. We used the same parameter set as those inFig. 4 with a hunting levelθ = 0.05 and ran the model for each level ofρcow represented on thex-axis; y-values represent the mean value of elk numbers and carrion levels of each run of the model, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-r2-values-of-parameters-with-respect-to-three-2iaxf1co.png Table 2 The r2 values of parameters with respect to three indices, mean Shannon diversity index̄Φ, mean elk number̄x, and mean carrion C̄ obtained from Monte Carlo simulations https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-and-finite-element-analysis-of-electrical-34pkpp372g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-trap-density-in-nwt-with-sio2-as-the-gate-material-o58q1qdn.png Fig. 7 – Trap density in NWT with SiO2 as the gate material https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4a-band-diagram-with-the-variation-in-applied-gate-2huoz039.png Fig. 4a – Band diagram with the variation in applied gate voltage (Si) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-doping-concentration-of-si-nanowire-transistor-24iot4af.png Fig. 3 – Doping concentration of Si Nanowire Transistor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-cylindrical-structure-of-junctionless-nanowire-2yrfkbkj.png Fig. 2 – The cylindrical structure of junctionless nanowire transistor as designed in Multiphysics Simulation Software https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-various-parameters-used-in-simulation-14h0eza2.png Table 1 – Values of various parameters used in simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5b-variation-of-current-with-gate-voltage-for-different-tnsrf3mf.png Fig. 5b – Variation of current with gate voltage for different values of drain voltages (InSb) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5a-variation-of-current-with-gate-voltage-for-different-d1zyp2le.png Fig. 5b – Variation of current with gate voltage for different values of drain voltages (InSb) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6b-current-density-along-the-arc-length-in-insb-nanowire-1y75edrd.png Fig. 6b – Current density along the arc length in InSb nanowire https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-and-energy-optimization-of-a-pulp-and-paper-mill-21xqasmm4m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-description-12nxu65u.png Fig. 2. Schematic description https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-effect-of-the-temperature-of-wood-chips-on-the-37royzwo.png Fig. 8. The effect of the temperature of wood-chips on the steam consumption of the digester and the performance of BB. (a): , 10 bar steam consumption for heating; https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-effect-of-the-liquor-temperature-to-e4-a-the-12m0vlaj.png Fig. 6. The effect of the liquor temperature to E4 (a) /the liquor temperature to E3 (b) on the steam consumption of the evaporation plant and the performance of BB. , https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-effect-of-the-dry-content-of-the-light-liquor-a-28wd7mkr.png Fig. 7. The effect of the dry content of the light liquor (a) /the steam liquor to stripping (b) on the steam consumption of the evaporation plant and the performance of BB. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-energy-utilization-in-the-digester-for-four-cases-2e9wpele.png Table 3 Energy utilization in the digester for four cases regarding the preheating of the white liquor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-price-for-fuels-electricity-used-in-the-model-1ibklukv.png Table 1 Price for fuels/electricity used in the model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-representation-of-the-e1-in-the-evaporation-q2cifi4d.png Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the E1 in the evaporation plant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-illustration-of-the-excel-model-for-the-2gj59r03.png Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of the Excel model for the evaporation plant. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-based-calibration-of-geotechnical-parameters-18bw2ieciq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-water-content-profile-3vcw3fcw.png Figure 8. Water content profile https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mathematical-functions-for-numerical-tests-1f3s2v32.png Table 1: Mathematical functions for numerical tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-settings-for-hmpso-in-numerical-tests-bv64f9ja.png Table 2: Settings for hmPSO in numerical tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-water-pressure-head-profile-3kc0mfym.png Figure 7. Water pressure head profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-success-rates-during-numerical-tests-2f7lfsjv.png Table 3: Success rates during numerical tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-number-of-evaluations-of-the-objective-function-for-20tt5uz8.png Table 7: Number of evaluations of the objective function for different particles allocated to different processors (for a specific run with 48 particles and 50 processors) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sequence-of-nm-local-searches-in-parallel-hmpso-for-3lnh3k38.png Table 6: Sequence of NM local searches in parallel hmPSO for a run using 20 particles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-client-server-model-for-parallel-hmpso-2rnl2aqu.png Fig. 2: Client-server model for parallel hmPSO https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-and-optimization-of-dynamic-flux-balance-analysis-418u5gtg9i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trajectories-for-the-accumulated-biomass-a-and-the-1toql7oe.png Figure 5: Trajectories for the accumulated biomass (A) and the calculated optimal feed flow rate profile (B) in Problem 6. for 10 piecewise constant control elements obtained using gPROMS and MATLAB’s fmincon https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-computational-performance-obtained-in-the-solution-2spg4nry.png Table 3: Computational performance obtained in the solution of Problem 2 by the Direct or the Interior Point approaches and DFBAlab. The metabolic network in Problem 2 has 13 fluxes and 10 metabolites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trajectories-for-the-differential-variables-in-iws559as.png Figure 3: Trajectories for the differential variables in Problem 4 obtained by solving Eqs. (18a) to (18c) using gPROMS with µ = 10−6 (panel A). Panel B shows the average error between the glucose trajectories obtained using R-iODE and DFBAlab for different values of the barrier parameter µ, while panel C shows the pointwise difference between both methods for the glucose trajectories. Panel D shows the duality gap obtained for the direct solution approach using CPLEX (continuous line), and the ones obtained by solving Eqs. (18a) to (18c) with different values of the barrier parameter µ. When µ was reduced to 10−7 the integration tolerance was set to 10−8. In every other instance, gPROMS default tolerances were used. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-solution-summary-for-problem-5-including-results-2er90zvu.png Table 7: Solution summary for Problem 5 including results obtained using the Interior Point or the Direct approaches and DFBAlab. The embedded LP problem has 1059 metabolites and 1266 fluxes, biomass flux is maximized. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biomass-glucose-and-ethanol-time-profiles-for-2trgzt1u.png Figure 4: Biomass, glucose and ethanol time profiles for Problem 5. A stepwise change in the dissolved oxygen concentration was forced at 7.7 h by imposing a change in the value of kLa. The simulation in panel A was obtained using DFBAlab (maximizing biomass, ethanol and glycerol production using lexicographic optimization) while the simulation in panel B was obtained using the R-iODE approach implemented in gPROMS. Panel C shows the values of biomass specific growth rate and glycerol flux calculated using the R-iODE approach and DFBAlab for the complete integration time span, while panel D shows those fluxes around 7.7 hours. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-times-and-integration-statistics-for-1s54579q.png Table 1: Computational times and integration statistics for solving Problem 1 by the Direct or the Interior Point approaches and DFBAlab. The metabolic network in Problem 1 has 7 fluxes and 6 metabolites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stoichiometry-of-the-metabolic-network-in-example-2-2nx28ykv.png Table 2: Stoichiometry of the metabolic network in example 2, taken from Edwards et al. [8]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-the-computational-performance-obtained-2osd6ujf.png Table 4: Comparison of the computational performance obtained by solving Problem 3 by the Direct or the Interior Point approaches and DFBAlab. The embedded FBA problem for this case study is composed of 95 fluxes and 72 metabolites and the biomass flux is maximized https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-magnetic-control-of-the-plasma-shape-on-the-24ag7el7u9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-six-gaps-that-are-controlled-in-demo-2ofpj061.png Figure 3: The six gaps that are controlled in DEMO https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-imbalance-circuit-used-for-demo-vertical-1d5nhjjh.png Figure 1: The imbalance circuit used for DEMO vertical stabilization. This circuit uses 4 PF coils. The imbalance current Iimb is given by Iimb = IPF2 + IPF3 − IPF4 − IPF5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematic-representation-of-the-plasma-control-3mk9exk2.png Figure 2: A schematic representation of the plasma control feedback scheme. IFF indicates the scenario feedforward currents, whereas IFB indicates the feedback current deviations; V are the total voltages provided by the main converters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deviation-of-the-controlled-gaps-during-a-loss-of-1ga1a3a6.png Figure 4: Deviation of the controlled gaps during a loss of power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-control-power-during-a-loss-of-power-2w24ja2e.png Figure 5: Control power during a loss of power https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-closed-loop-behavior-in-the-presence-of-a-loss-of-1dihuhhx.png Figure 6: Closed-loop behavior in the presence of a loss of power using the CREATE NL code. The figure shows the plasma boundary before the disturbance is applied (in blue) and the boundary after 4 s, when the plasma– wall distance reaches its minimum of about 6 cm https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-a-detoxifying-organ-function-focus-on-2a0t6hy0m2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-literature-values-of-capillary-radii-flows-and-2b6rs85x.png TABLE 4 Literature values of capillary radii, flows and pressures in two blood filtering organs: kidney and liver. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-liver-lobule-networks-parameters-and-hemodynamics-1uuf8wvq.png TABLE 3 Liver lobule networks parameters and hemodynamics results. In bold, the imposed parameters conditions. The outlet pressure is 133Pa. W stands for the viscosity law Eq. 47 14 without plasma skimming included. Asymmetric trees have a constant branch length L=16.57µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-hemodynamics-patterns-obtained-on-a-2d-axial-cut-29ongaup.png FIGURE 10 Hemodynamics patterns obtained on a 2D axial cut liver lobule with constant radius for pressure (first row), flow (second row) in log scale and discharge hematocrit (third row), without plasma skimming (left column), with plasma skimming considering the nonlinear law linear (middle column) and the linear law. The absolute difference to the case without plasma skimming for each law is plotted in the two last columns for each criteria (pressure, flow and discharge hematocrit). Note the significant difference between nonlinear law and absence of plasma skimming (last row, last but one column), while for all other cases differences are negligible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14median-flow-full-bars-and-discharge-hematocrit-2b8ierw6.png FIGURE 14Median flow (full bars) and discharge hematocrit (dashed bars) relative difference when plasma skimming is included to the case without plasma skimming for three geometries: Constant, Healthy and Dilated. For the linear law in the constant geometry, the median difference to the baseline solution is barely seen as it is extremely close to zero. Independently of the geometry, the nonlinear law predicts hemodynamics patterns different from the case without plasma skimming whereas the linear law leads to patterns close to the case without plasma skimming. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-wall-shear-stress-patterns-for-each-one-of-the-2wqxxngu.png FIGURE 15 Wall shear stress patterns for each one of the three lobule geometries: constant radius (top row), radius drawn from a Gaussian distribution (middle row), wider CV (bottom row) and in case of no plasma skimming (left column), in case of Pries nonlinear plasma skimming law (middle column) and Gould & Linninger linear plasma skimming law (right column) in Pa. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-discharge-hematocrit-distribution-for-a-liver-3ddunvk9.png FIGURE 13 Discharge hematocrit distribution for a liver lobule with constant radius (first row), for a healthy liver lobule (second row) and for a liver lobule with dilated capillaries (third row). The probability density distribution of each hemodynamics component without including plasma skimming (red distributions), with a linear plasma skimming (green) and a nonlinear plasma skimming (blue) law are plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-spatial-distribution-of-pressures-in-pa-and-flow-1s7rjcox.png FIGURE 5 (A) Spatial distribution of pressures (in Pa) and flow (in µm3.s−1 when no plasma skimming is included in each three studied geometries, classified in the text as CLL, HLL and DLL (= XL(iver)L(obule), X=C(onstant), H(ealthy), D(ilated)). (B) depicts the effect of plasma skimming for both the linear and nonlinear laws on discharge hematocrit as the absolute difference between the predicted discharge hematocrit and the constant value of 0.442. (C) shows the evolution of the total flow crossing the studied liver lobule as a function of iterations for the healthy and dilated lobules for both the linear and nonlinear laws. It underlines that the nonlinear law does not converge to a unique solution but oscillates between two groups of solutions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12hemodynamics-patterns-obtained-in-a-2d-axial-cut-of-1zcn7oc9.png FIGURE 12Hemodynamics patterns obtained in a 2D axial cut of a liver lobule with a dilated peri-central zone for pressure (first row), flow (second row), discharge hematocrit (third row) without plasma skimming (left column), with plasma skimming considering the nonlinear law linear (middle column) and the linear law (right column). The absolute difference to the case without plasma skimming for each law is plotted in the two last columns for each criteria (pressure, flow and discharge hematocrit). Note the significant difference between nonlinear law and absence of plasma skimming (last row, last but one column), while for all other cases differences are negligible. https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-three-fold-symmetric-photonic-crystal-2q8qqp66ph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-full-gan-model-3-d-fdtd-simulations-for-best-case-1mrvb2xm.png Table 1 – Full GaN Model 3-D FDTD Simulations for Best Case Gratings https://scispace.com/papers/simulation-of-waste-heat-recovery-system-with-fuzzy-based-1rxna07yno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-expander-power-output-2lbor541.png Figure 14. Expander power output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overall-model-parameters-rj8ua3zc.png TABLE 2 OVERALL MODEL PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-overall-model-of-the-orc-whr-system-1fntakxk.png Figure 10. Overall model of the ORC-WHR system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-heat-source-mass-flow-rate-and-temperature-z0jdapmj.png Figure 7. Heat source mass flow rate and temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-components-of-a-typical-organic-rankine-cycle-orc-2rghk866.png Figure 1. Components of a typical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fuzzy-surface-of-the-evaporator-outlet-temperature-2oomjzon.png Figure 5. Fuzzy surface of the evaporator outlet temperature with respect to m r and m h (a), and with respect to m r and Th (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-membership-functions-of-output-variables-36sqmcm3.png Figure 4. Membership functions of output variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fuzzy-surface-for-the-evaporator-power-with-respect-39el8gh8.png Figure 6. Fuzzy surface for the evaporator power with respect to m r and https://scispace.com/papers/simulator-platform-for-fast-reactor-operation-and-safety-w1n12a9ms5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-1-python-module-dependencies-1crjyso4.png Figure 7.1 Python Module Dependencies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3-safety-test-station-window-2rpcuzo1.png Figure 8.3 Safety Test Station Window https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-5-fuel-handling-machine-in-manual-control-mode-24v85hgc.png Figure 8.5 Fuel Handling Machine in Manual Control Mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-9-photograph-of-simulated-ultra-sonic-imaging-of-20n17imw.png Figure 8.9 Photograph of Simulated Ultra Sonic Imaging of IHX in Progress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-10-graphics-model-of-ihx-top-and-simulated-imaging-1t9ll1fz.png Figure 8.10 Graphics Model of IHX (top) and Simulated Imaging Result (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-4-time-sequence-showing-fuel-handling-machine-in-gujxlyqw.png Figure 8.4 Time Sequence Showing Fuel Handling Machine in Automatic Operation Mode https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3-manual-control-window-screenshot-of-the-manual-quqaop1w.png Figure 7.3 Manual Control Window. Screenshot of the Manual Control window. Changing the sliders for each control variable has an immediate effect on the SASSYS simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-2-assocarrays-the-assocarrays-containing-the-7dev55cr.png Figure 7.2 AssocArrays. The AssocArrays containing the control and process variables (top) and the supplemental AssocArray for plot line colors (bottom) using the same set of keys. https://scispace.com/papers/simulink-model-for-examining-dynamic-interactions-involving-52i9c8ypaf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulated-test-system-data-2mm7q7z8.png TABLE I SIMULATED TEST SYSTEM DATA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thevenins-equivalent-circuit-for-machine-transient-19hlglqu.png Fig. 4. Thevenin’s equivalent circuit for machine transient model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-representative-mv-distribution-system-topology-with-lg-36mf7f5j.png Fig. 3. Representative MV distribution system topology with LG units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagrammatic-circuit-representation-of-idealised-134ld9pk.png Fig. 2. Diagrammatic circuit representation of idealised machine model of the synchronous machine. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-test-system-topology-3jg522ul.png Fig. 5. Test system topology. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-rotor-angle-variation-of-lg2-unit-28qe5gj3.png Fig. 8 Rotor angle variation of LG2 unit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-rotor-angle-swings-between-lg1-and-lg2-units-and-b-1jy9ftxs.png Fig. 6 (a) Rotor angle swings between LG1 and LG2 units, and (b) Terminal voltage of LG1 and LG2 units. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-rotor-angle-variation-of-lg1-unit-lyoghat0.png Fig. 7 Rotor angle variation of LG1 unit. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-anodization-anaphoretic-electrodeposition-qagtrklbbz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optical-images-of-composites-after-performing-adhesion-31045ig1.png Fig. 3. Optical images of composites after performing adhesion testing. Size 5mm×5mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-xrd-and-b-ftir-spectra-of-acp-tiox-and-acp-tiox-chol-1756ctfz.png Fig. 2. (a) XRD and (b) FTIR spectra of ACP/TiOx and ACP/TiOx/ChOL. (c) enlarged FTIR spectra, (d) linear roughness profiles https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-synthetized-acp-tiox-and-acp-tiox-chol-cqmg3npn.png Fig. 1. SEM images of synthetized ACP/TiOx and ACP/TiOx/ChOL coatings. (a) ACP/TiOx 60 V, (b) ACP/TiOx 90 V, (c) ACP/TiOx/ChOL 60 V, (d) ACP/TiOx/ChOL 90 V https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-chiral-symmetry-restoration-and-deconfinement-2fx5kxukvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-temperature-dependence-of-the-deconfinement-bag-pigoms4s.png Figure 3. Temperature dependence of the deconfinement bag constant for m = 0C , m = -200 MeVC , and intermediate values (blue band). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-upper-panel-phase-diagram-for-the-transition-from-o8e6xpzd.png Figure 2. Upper panel: phase diagram for the transition from HS(DD2) to vBag with a selected single flavor chiral bag constant, =cB 152.7 MeV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-deconfinement-bag-constant-with-respect-to-2hoifw6c.png Figure 4. Deconfinement bag constant with respect to temperature T and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-temperature-dependence-of-the-mass-gap-solutions-27yr4qt2.png Figure 10. Temperature dependence of the mass gap solutions of the NJL model used in Klähn & Fischer (2015) at zero quark chemical potential and the resulting one flavor chiral bag constant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contour-plot-of-the-correction-term-to-the-energy-1chxdyrd.png Figure 6. Contour plot of the correction term to the energy density (a), entropy (b), and charge fraction (c) with respect to T and mC at the phase transition (see text for definitions). (d) Corresponding total charge fraction of the quark phase. Notice that negative values of Rs and Rε are shown. =cB 152.7 MeV https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-upper-panel-symmetric-matter-phase-diagram-for-1pr2kdeh.png Figure 8. Upper panel: symmetric matter phase diagram for varying chiral bag constants Bχ. Bottom panel: corresponding onset density for pure quark matter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mass-radius-relations-for-constant-entropy-per-vsjx5fcy.png Figure 7. Mass–radius relations for constant entropy per particle (s=1, 2 kB) for =cB 152.7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-mass-gap-solutions-of-the-njl-model-used-in-klahn-3g8etgk8.png Figure 9. (a) Mass gap solutions of the NJL model used in Klähn & Fischer (2015) at different temperatures. For temperatures smaller than 90 MeV, multiple mass gap solutions exist in the vicinity of the critical quark chemical potential mc. (b) Pressure of the symmetric two-flavor quark matter obtained in the NJL model compared to the ideal gas pressure with bare quark masses at the same temperatures. The ideal gas pressure has been shifted by a temperature-dependent offset to reproduce the high density behavior of the NJL results (details in the text). For temperatures below 90 MeV this shift is nearly constant. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-multiwavelength-observations-of-v404-cygni-44elvb9mo6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ccf-peak-value-likelihood-at-peak-and-lag-estimation-dq1okfkk.png Table 2 CCF Peak Value, Likelihood at Peak, and Lag Estimation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evolution-of-the-optical-sed-during-the-course-of-9ikd38mj.png Figure 3. Evolution of the optical SED during the course of the second night’s observing run. This log-log plot clearly shows that the SED during the highest overall fluxes is quite flat, whereas at low overall brightnesses of V404 Cyg the V- and IC-band fluxes drop significantly more than the RC flux, creating a peak in the SED near the RC-band. This excess in the RC-band, especially prominent at low brightness, is most likely due to aH emission from a quasi-spherical nebula surrounding the source, as suggested by spectroscopic observations reported, e.g., by Gandhi et al. (2016), Muñoz-Darias et al. (2016), and Rahoui et al. (2017). The location of rest frame aH emission, as well as our V, RC, and IC filter transmission curves, are shown near the bottom by dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-autocorrelation-functions-from-first-night-mjd-wy58yt78.png Figure 4. Autocorrelation functions from first night (MJD 57198; V-band, shown in black), and second night (MJD 57200; V-,RC-, and IC-bands, shown in green, orange, and red, respectively; and INTEGRAL20–40 keV in blue). Note that apart from the peak at zero lag, a second peak at ∼4000 s is present in all data (optical as well as 20–40 keV X-ray) from both nights. A sub-harmonic of the 4000 s peak is evident in the better-sampled V-band ACF from the first night, and there may be a hint of a sub-harmonic peak in the noisier ACFs from the second night. Near zero lag, the 20–40 keV X-ray ACF is narrower than the optical ACFs, which likely hints at a smaller X-ray emission region than the optical. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observation-log-2emkcjln.png Table 1 Observation Log https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dereddened-interloper-subtracted-v-band-light-curve-2cyjvfe3.png Figure 1. Dereddened, interloper-subtracted V-band light curve obtained by the WCO 0.3 m telescope on MJD 57198 is shown in green in both the top and bottom panels. While the top panel shows the V-band light curve for the entire night, the bottom three subpanels zoom in to show the Swift/UVOT U-band (in blue) and Swift/XRT (in black) light curves as well. The ordinate ranges are the same in all three bottom subpanels to allow easy comparison of flux variability among the three Swift visits. The WCO and Swift light curve data are included with this published article as data behind the figure (DbF) in machine-readable table format. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-correlation-functions-between-the-various-348lpxy1.png Figure 5. Cross-correlation functions between the various bands observed on the second night, i.e., MJD 57200. The definition of the time lag is indicated in the x-axis label of each subpanel. For each plot the vertical blue line indicates the position of the CCF peak, and the two red lines flanking the blue line on both sides mark the 68% fiducial interval. See Section 3.3 and Table 2 for details. Zoomed insets display CCFs near their peaks, showing the behavior of lags between t-500 500 s. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-panel-shows-dereddened-interloper-subtracted-v-24095cjc.png Figure 2. Top panel shows dereddened, interloper-subtracted V-band (green), RC-band (red), and IC-band (purple) light curves obtained by the WCO 0.3 m telescope on MJD 57200. The INTEGRAL/IBIS 20–40 keV hard X-ray light curve is shown in black. Note the remarkable similarity in the morphology of the optical and the hard X-ray light curves. Second panel from top: evolution of the power law slope aVIC connecting V-and IC-bands on the second night. There is no significant spectral evolution between the V and IC bands. The best-fit value of aVIc is 0.22±0.11 (assuming aVIc was constant) is indicated by the solid black line and the red dotted lines flanking it. In a jet scenario this would imply that the optically thick to optically thin break is at frequencies higher than that of the V-band. Third panel from top: evolution of the power law slope aVRC connecting V- and RC-bands. There is significant color evolution between the V- and RC-bands, most likely due to the presence of a strong aH emission line contributing in the RC-band. Bottom panel: the RC-band excess, computed by first calculating the interpolated flux at RC-band based on the observed V- and IC-band fluxes (assuming the underlying continuum is a power law between V and IC), and then subtracting this interpolated RC flux from the observed RC flux. The WCO and INTEGRAL light curve data are included with this published article as Data behind the figure (DbF) in machine-readable table format. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-automated-image-analysis-and-raman-spectroscopy-326zes9wkt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dh-content-in-commercial-samples-as-assessed-by-the-355uw41e.png Table 2 DH content in commercial samples as assessed by the IA, Raman and combined model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-i-cbz-ah-red-and-cbz-dh-blue-classification-achieved-16uxbzpb.png Fig. 5. (I) CBZ AH (red) and CBZ DH (blue) classification achieved by the combined Raman-IA partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model: Score values for the first, second and third latent variable (LV) of the auto-scaled and mean centered commercially supplied CBZ samples. CBZ Supplier I, n = 3218 (a), CBZ Supplier II, n = 3428 (b) and CBZ Supplier III, n = 3712 (c). The ellipsoids indicate the 95 % confidence intervals. (II) Visual observation of the particle shape and homogeneity of commercially supplied CBZ materials (d, e, f) in comparison with pure recrystallized CBZ samples (g, h) was performed by using scanning electron microscopy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cbz-dh-content-of-test-samples-1-dotted-line-2-broken-1z5f6uke.png Fig. 6. CBZ DH content of test samples 1 (dotted line), 2 (broken line) and 3 (solid lin (c). Models are created by using data of an increasing number of randomly sampled https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-partial-least-squares-discriminant-analysis-pls-da-25r4tsty.png Fig. 1. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) training and validation da (AH) and dihydrate (DH) samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cbz-ah-red-and-cbz-dh-blue-classification-achieved-by-3s13re6b.png Fig. 2. CBZ AH (red) and CBZ DH (blue) classification achieved by the combined Ra first, second and third latent variable (LV) of the auto-scaled and mean centered tr the 95 % confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dh-content-in-test-samples-as-calculated-by-ia-model-3k6ixcte.png Table 1 DH content in test samples as calculated by IA model, Raman model and combined Rama https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pure-recrystallized-cbz-ah-red-cbz-dh-blue-three-3ibv6md6.png Fig. 4. Pure recrystallized CBZ AH (red), CBZ DH (blue), three different commercially supplied carbamazepine (CBZ) raw material samples (Supplier I, II and III) classification achieved by the principal component analysis (PCA) model: Score values for the first, second and third principal component (PC) of the SNV corrected and mean c i https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-model-quality-attributes-of-the-ia-raman-and-combined-38j6xvuh.png Fig. 3. Model quality attributes of the IA, Raman and combined partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-optimization-of-shape-and-topology-of-free-form-4gzoxlveph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-25-the-geometry-of-the-two-kinds-of-the-integrated-1yxksxc7.png Fig. 25. The geometry of the two kinds of the integrated optimization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-the-result-of-different-numbers-of-variables-in-the-q8glt3v6.png Fig. 24. The result of different numbers of variables in the topology optimization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-procedure-of-transforming-a-shell-parametric-model-38jptsy7.png Fig. 4. The procedure of transforming a shell parametric model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-nurbs-parametric-model-and-the-represented-shell-316d28yl.png Fig. 1. The NURBS parametric model and the represented shell https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-two-parameterization-models-bmly6lyn.png Fig. 8. Two parameterization models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-original-shell-3b6moh55.png Fig. 7. The original shell https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-the-optimized-result-of-the-boxed-shape-structure-2ur9vtbx.png Fig. 19. The optimized result of the boxed-shape structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-the-optimized-result-35cymz8k.png Fig. 20. The optimized result https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-pose-and-non-rigid-shape-with-particle-dynamics-4nyeaivd8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3d-reconstruction-using-our-physically-inspired-14gw3npo.png Figure 1. 3D Reconstruction using our physically-inspired velocity model for different types of deformations: face, human torso and articulated motion. Each line represents the per point non-rigid motion detected by our algorithm. Best viewed in color. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-quantitative-comparison-on-motion-capture-sequences-3ismcpe3.png Table 1. Quantitative comparison on motion capture sequences. We show e3D[%] for batch methods EM-PPCA [33], MP [25], PTA [6], CSF2 [16], KSTA [15] and SPM [12]; and for sequential methods SBA [24], BAFEM [2] and our approach denoted as PSMM. For low-rank based methods, we have selected the rank in the basis (in brackets) that gave the lowest e3D error. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rotation-estimation-on-real-videos-we-display-the-ioill95l.png Figure 4. Rotation estimation on real videos. We display the estimate Euler angles. Top: Actress and Tear sequence. Bottom: Back and Bending sequence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-motion-capture-sequences-we-show-our-3d-2p15tvep.png Figure 3. Motion capture sequences. We show our 3D reconstruction with red dots and 3D ground truth with green circles. Left: Articulated motion for drink and stretch sequences. Right: Non-rigid motion for synthetic bending shark and face sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-actress-sequence-top-frames-31-48-66-84-and-102-2bcvtg62.png Figure 5. Actress sequence. Top: Frames #31, #48, #66, #84 and #102 with 2D tracking data and reprojected 3D shape with green circles and red dots respectively. Bottom: Original viewpoint and side views of our 3D reconstruction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tear-sequence-top-frames-31-52-64-82-and-123-with-itjk7lqi.png Figure 6. Tear sequence. Top: Frames #31, #52, #64, #82 and #123 with 2D tracking data and reprojected 3D shape with green circles and red dots respectively. Bottom: General views of our 3D reconstruction and CSF2 [16]. Note that the batch method CSF2 [16] splits the paper in two parts before observing it. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-force-perturbed-motion-model-for-a-system-of-2shqoa33.png Figure 2. Force-perturbed motion model for a system of particles. We use a kinematic model derived from Newton’s second law of motion. A particle is moving with constant velocity while no forces are acting on it (blue particle). External forces f t can change the dynamical behavior of a single particle (red and green particles), and hence, change the configuration yt of the deformable object. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-paper-bending-sequence-top-frames-20-40-60-80-and-3t9fyagm.png Figure 8. Paper Bending sequence. Top: Frames #20, #40, #60, #80 and #100 with 2D tracking data in green circles, and reprojected 3D shape with red and blue circles. Blue circles correspond to missing data. Bottom: General view of the 3D shape obtained with our sequential method and CSF2 [16], that batch processes all frames simultaneously. Since this sequence only shows small changes in the rotation, CSF2 [16] becomes highly unestable. Best viewed in color. https://scispace.com/papers/simultaneous-production-of-b-glucanase-and-protease-from-2vf2tgrkl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-v2d2nr2q.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factors-and-levels-of-orthogonal-tests-forb-fhltjjri.png Table 3 Factors and levels of orthogonal tests forβ-glucanase fermentation. https://scispace.com/papers/singing-voice-detection-in-polyphonic-music-using-3me7nut2je 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frame-level-vocal-v-and-instrumental-i-3gfni9ah.png Table 2: Frame-level vocal (V) and instrumental (I) classification results for testing datasets 1 and 2 for all feature sets (FS1-FS4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-vocal-v-and-instrumental-i-classification-results-2mwenti5.png Table 3: Vocal (V) and instrumental (I) classification results after post-processing for testing datasets 1 and 2 for all feature sets (FS1-FS4) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-vocal-v-and-instrumental-i-segments-1e64zr3n.png Table 1: Statistics of vocal (V) and instrumental (I) segments for testing datasets 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-spectrogram-of-harmonium-voice-mixture-b-3f558t2r.png Figure 1: (a) Spectrogram of harmonium-voice mixture (b) Sinusoidal tracks before and (c) after SD pruning with a 2 Hz threshold. https://scispace.com/papers/single-antenna-power-measurements-based-direction-finding-40vnikggpv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-a-typical-realization-of-antenna-1zzcfijb.png Fig. 1. Comparison between a typical realization of antenna pattern a(θ) simulated according to (2) with M = 11 and its truncated and remodeled as ă(θ) expressed in (5) with τ = 130◦. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-continuous-spatial-power-profile-ueesf7p0.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the continuous spatial power profile and its discrete measurements in the noiseless case, with the estimated DOAs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-setup-for-rtp-foyer-experiment-byjakghm.png Fig. 4. Experimental setup for RTP Foyer experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-results-for-rtp-foyer-experiment-1cyjywzk.png Fig. 5. Experimental results for RTP Foyer experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-rmse-performance-plot-as-a-function-of-snr-in-a6mqr2nm.png Fig. 3. RMSE performance plot as a function of SNR, in comparison with the square root of CRB in (13). https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-recordings-with-pairs-of-complementary-1u9viblnq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-typical-time-courses-of-fet-signals-recorded-with-j0ccvc10.png FIG. 4. Two typical time courses of FET signals recorded with pairs of nblack traces and p-FGFETs gray traces . The signals were normalized with respect to their steady-state amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-of-the-steady-state-signal-amplitudes-of-the-n-1259e0tt.png FIG. 3. Average of the steady-state signal amplitudes of the n- and p-channel FGFET recordings n=14 cells . AIP license or copyright, see http://apl.aip.org/apl/copyright.jsp https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-typical-whole-cell-membrane-current-im-a-and-the-1smhec0k.png FIG. 2. Typical whole-cell membrane current IM a and the corresponding averaged n- and p-channel FGFET recordings VFET b for a membrane depolarization from −70 to +50 mV. The stars indicate the steady-state IM and VFET amplitudes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-cross-section-a-and-top-view-b-of-a-2u67opn7.png FIG. 1. Schematic cross section a and top view b of a measuring unit consisting of two electronically separated, but locally adjacent n- and p-FGFETs and the corresponding paired sensing area. The position of the cross section is indicated in b by a dotted line. Source and drain are labeled S and D; gates are labeled nG for the n-FGFET and pG for the p-FGFET. The sensing areas are labeled nSA and pSA, respectively. The black dotted line in a indicates the connection between the sensing area and the respective gate. c Microscopic image of HEK293 cells on a poly L lysine coated chip surface after four days in culture. The position of the particular cell on the paired sensing area is schematically shown in b . Scale bar=20 m. https://scispace.com/papers/single-cell-and-nucleus-rna-seq-in-a-mouse-model-of-ad-2sl65wq36x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-glial-trajectories-in-ad-mouse-models-display-a-2j1r49eh.png Figure 3. Glial trajectories in AD mouse models display a common path for astrocyte activation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bulk-rna-seq-analysis-reveals-multiple-3xtg-ad-gene-2y7f2dkz.png Figure 1. Bulk RNA-seq analysis reveals multiple 3xTg-AD gene modules that are also enriched in human AMP-AD modules. A) Number of samples assayed for each type of mouse model (3xTg-AD and Wild type). B) Module Trait Relationships (MTRs) correlation heatmap and corresponding pvalues between the detected modules (y-axis) and sample features (x-axis). C-E) Bar plot of eigengene expression across samples and heatmap of gene expression matrix in C) paleturquoise module, D) darkolivegreen module, and E) magenta module. F) Significant gene ontology (GO) (adjusted p-value < 0.05) for magenta and darkolivegreen modules. G) Comparison of 3xTg-AD modules against AMP-AD and 5xFAD modules. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-single-nucleus-rna-seq-uncovers-astrocytic-2onklqc6.png Figure 2. Single-nucleus RNA-seq uncovers astrocytic diversity during neurodegeneration. A) UMAP of 16,482 nuclei colored by clusters. B) Gene expression of markers for microglia (Csf1r), astrocytes (Clu), and neurons (Rbfox1). C) Comparison of cell clusters with 3xTg-AD bulk RNA-seq modules. Sizes of the circles represent percentage of overlap and colors indicate significance of the overlap, where grey is not significant. Enrichment of the genotypes contributing for each cluster in D) cortex and E) hippocampus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-chromatin-accessibility-of-activated-microglia-2d6gnbdn.png Figure 5. Chromatin accessibility of activated microglia derived from 24-month-old 3xTg-AD mouse. A) UMAP highlighting clustering of 4,451 microglial chromatin profiles. Activated microglia are circled in black and labeled. B) Chromatin accessible regions per cluster. C) UMAP labeled by predicted labels from scRNA-seq microglial data (Figure 2A). Activated microglia are circled in black https://scispace.com/papers/single-electron-transistors-54sqhtec2c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-resistance-replaced-by-a-tunnel-junction-3ja11iep.png Fig. 4 Resistance replaced by a tunnel junction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-voltage-source-charging-a-capacitor-cg-through-an-2gpzuw9k.png Fig. 3 Voltage source charging a capacitor, Cg, through an ordinary resistor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-polarization-of-charges-on-island-19fqrhd3.png Fig. 2 Polarization of charges on island https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-single-electron-box-structure-7rwagcw0.png Fig. 1 Single Electron box structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-current-as-a-function-of-gate-voltage-coulomb-3ih7ixzf.png Fig. 5 Current as a function of gate voltage (Coulomb Staircase) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-single-electron-transistor-structure-1hhg2k6w.png Fig. 6 Single Electron transistor structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-schematic-representation-of-a-set-3tudu8qj.png Fig. 7 Schematic representation of a SET https://scispace.com/papers/single-image-super-resolution-using-a-deep-encoder-decoder-32bfn86ba3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-architecture-of-the-proposed-dedsn-model-the-3800jsyi.png Fig. 2. Overall architecture of the proposed DEDSN model. The network consists of symmetrical convolution and deconvolution layers (12 layers in total). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-configuration-of-our-two-networks-conv3-and-deconv3-2h4ctoia.png Table 1. Configuration of our two networks. “conv3” and “deconv3” stand for convolution and deconvolution kernels of size 3 x 3, similar for others. 1, 32, 64 and 128 are the number of feature maps after each convolution and deconvolution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-several-feature-maps-examples-of-convolution-and-8kdwsc59.png Fig. 4. Several feature maps examples of convolution and deconvolution layers. a. feature maps extracted from the third convolution layer; b. feature maps extracted from the fourth deconvolution layer. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-taxonomy-of-image-sr-methods-1q7b2306.png Fig. 1. The taxonomy of image SR methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-result-of-psnr-db-on-test-images-using-different-2xskh4us.png Table 2. The result of PSNR (dB) on test images using different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-result-of-ssim-on-test-images-using-different-idwnlkxn.png Table 3. The result of SSIM on test images using different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-psnr-on-different-image-sr-methods-with-1v5subo4.png Fig. 5. Comparison of PSNR on different image SR methods with our models. a. Original Image; b. Bicubic: 29.49dB; c. SRCNN: 32.51dB; d. SRCNN-IBP: 32.52dB; e DEDSN: 32.85dB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-compositional-network-model-of-dedsn-with-ibp-twymnfyz.png Fig. 3. The compositional network model of DEDSN with IBP. https://scispace.com/papers/single-event-upset-analysis-and-protection-in-high-speed-2gfh22he92 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-seu-set-tolerant-flip-flops-2hgd3m3a.png Figure 8 SEU/SET-Tolerant flip-flops https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overheads-of-the-proposed-flip-flop-tyglofsv.png Table 1 Overheads of the proposed flip-flop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-clock-and-data-signals-2ufjvlpb.png Figure 9 Clock and data signals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-a-transient-current-on-the-output-voltage-3j5kvemr.png Figure 1 Effect of a transient current on the output voltage of a NAND gate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-set-setup-time-and-set-hold-time-1vcm5xin.png Figure 3 SET-setup time and SET-hold time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-set-propagation-mechanisms-vv2j73cm.png Figure 2 SET propagation mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-possible-erroneous-signals-caused-by-set-at-the-2jmz372f.png Figure 4 Possible erroneous signals caused by SET at the input of a flip-flop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-three-sampling-scheme-to-detect-and-correct-a-3bvzcf00.png Figure 5 Three-sampling scheme to detect and correct a transient pulse https://scispace.com/papers/single-factorial-experimental-design-for-decolorizing-2fs4b3nhx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-effect-of-ph-on-decolorization-at-35-oc-5-g-l-of-26awgeuu.png Fig. 4: Effect of pH on % decolorization at 35 oC, 5 g/L of fructose and 3 g/L of peptone https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-temperature-on-decolorization-at-5-ph-5-g-l-1m9e1wm7.png Fig. 5: Effect of temperature on % decolorization at 5 pH , 5 g/L of fructose and 3 g/L of peptone https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physico-chemical-characteristics-adsw-before-16cqqn31.png Table 1: Physico chemical characteristics ADSW before treatment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-hplc-analysis-for-adsw-before-treatment-showing-a-3vt08gg1.png Fig. 6: (a) HPLC analysis for ADSW before treatment showing a maximum peak with 2.617 retention time, 3928110 area and 296296 height. (b) HPLC analysis for ADSW after treatment showing a maximum peak with 2.58 retention time, 1262329 area and 83113 height https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-light-microscope-photomicrograph-of-cladosprium-23mfl9no.png Fig. 1: Light microscope photomicrograph of Cladosprium cladosporioides sowing conidial spore structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effect-of-peptone-concentration-on-decolorization-at-2byfshlk.png Fig. 3: Effect of Peptone concentration on % decolorization at 35 oC ,4 pH, at 5 g/L of fructose https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-fructose-concentration-on-decolorization-at-1phkgogb.png Fig. 2: Effect of fructose concentration on % decolorization at 35 oC, 4 pH and 1g/L of peptone https://scispace.com/papers/single-mode-interband-cascade-lasers-emitting-below-2-8-mm-5bey3bvzjf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-band-structure-of-conduction-and-valence-band-for-one-yj2uwe6s.png FIG. 1. Band structure of conduction and valence band for one and a half stages, containing two W-QWs and the respective hole and electron injector. Dashed (solid) lines depict the absolute moduli square of heavy hole (electron) wave functions at the W-QW as well as at the injector region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-l-i-v-characteristics-for-a-narrow-ridge-device-3facxb14.png FIG. 3. L-I-V characteristics for a narrow ridge device (dimensions: 3 mm 7.8 lm), operated in cw mode. Output powers lie above 10 mW at room temperature, and the maximum operation temperatures is 50 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-the-threshold-current-3imwqc32.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of the threshold current density for a broad area device (dimensions: 2 mm 150 lm) measured in pulsed operation (1 kHz, 250 ns). The threshold current density is 383 A/cm2 at T¼ 20 C, and the characteristic temperature T0 has a value of 67 K. The inset shows a room temperature spectrum with peak wavelength around 2.84 lm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-l-i-v-characteristics-of-an-icl-dfb-device-at-1s51xv8c.png FIG. 4. (a) L-I-V characteristics of an ICL DFB device at temperatures ranging from 0 C to 20 C in cw operation. (b) Respective tuning diagram, showing the range of single-mode operation. The current tuning amounts to 7 nm at 0 C, and the overall tuning range is more than 12 nm. Tuning rates of 21 nm/W and 0.29 nm/K were derived. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-single-mode-emission-spectra-of-two-dfb-devices-with-dyjefbdc.png FIG. 5. Single-mode emission spectra of two DFB devices with different grating periods, showing setup limited signal to noise ratios of around 25 dB. A semi-logarithmic amplified spontaneous emission spectrum is superimposed. A wavelength range of more than 150 nm is covered based on the available gain bandwidth of the underlying ICL material used for device processing. The inset depicts single-mode emission spectra recorded at fixed operating conditions of Top¼ 10 C and Iop¼ 60 mA for various DFB devices fabricated on identical epitaxial ICL material. The right axis and blue squares depict the different grating periods of each device indicating a respective effective refractive index neff of 3.51. https://scispace.com/papers/single-step-biofriendly-synthesis-of-surface-modifiable-near-3yoh7kv73d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-chemical-application-of-gnps-a-schematic-3a2lzw53.png Figure 12: Chemical application of GNPs (A) Schematic representation showing the phenomenon of surface modification of a GNP using ligand dodecaine thiol (DDT), (B) digital image of surface modification/extracted GNPs from the aqueous to the organic phase with DDT. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-showing-a-the-strategy-to-2p8vigrk.png Figure 3: Schematic representation showing (A) the strategy to synthesize GNPs by completely green, ecofriendly, single step, single phase efficient method, (B) synthesis of GNPs in test tube with the help of dextrose as a reducing as well as capping agent. The color of the whole solution changes form yellow to red within 3 hrs, which indicates the formation of GNPs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-representative-tem-images-of-gnps-of-three-tdzdyr87.png Figure 5: Representative TEM images of GNPs of three particles sizes along with the corresponding histogram of the particle size distribution. (a) 10 nm (scale bar = 100 nm), (b) 60 nm (scale bar = 200 nm), (c) 120 nm (scale bar = 200 nm) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-visualizing-gnp-induced-histological-changes-of-in-i2w9ipax.png Figure 10: Visualizing GNP induced histological changes of in E. coli cell via TEM. (Ai) Morphology of the untreated E. coli cell at 0 hour, (A-ii) Cross-section of the untreated E. coli cell after 12 hours, (B-i) Integration of GNPs with E. coli cell at 0 hour, (B-ii) Cross-section of the treated E. coli cell after 3 hours showing the insertion of GNPs from the surface (B-iii) entry of GNP domain after 6hrs, (B-iv) formation of GNP domain deep inside the cell which confirms the intracellular delivery of GNPs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-schematic-representation-of-general-mechanism-of-35nglv6k.png Figure 2: Schematic representation of general mechanism of GNP synthesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-absorption-spectra-of-au3-ions-remaining-in-the-yilyhvdb.png Figure 6: Absorption spectra of Au3+ ions remaining in the reaction mixture (used for the synthesis of GNPs) after 3 h of reaction with various concentrations of dextrose (0-300 mg/mL). The inset shows the kinetic efficiency of various concentrations of dextrose on the absorption intensity of Au3+ at 290 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-absorption-spectra-tem-images-and-average-particles-1arwcbim.png Figure 7: Absorption spectra, TEM images, and average particles sizes of GNPs synthesized with various concentrations of KAuCl4. (a) Absorption spectra of different sizes of GNPs, (b-g) representative TEM images (scale bar = 200 nm), and (h) average sizes of GNPs synthesized. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ingredients-in-the-aqueous-reaction-medium-used-for-3a8c3zbs.png Table 1: Ingredients in the aqueous reaction medium used for the synthesis of GNPs https://scispace.com/papers/single-view-augmentation-of-3d-elastic-objects-4aa3r1dp5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-of-the-number-of-elements-on-the-computation-21jivtj4.png Table 1: Impact of the number of elements on the computation time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-registration-error-with-respect-to-object-1kvakvsm.png Figure 4: Registration error with respect to object elongation with a variation of mesh resolution: With an adequate number of tetrahedral elements the projection error can be significantly reduced. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-selected-frames-during-a-2d-elastic-surface-no0mx2ll.png Figure 5: Selected frames during a 2D elastic surface augmentation of the silicone-like material when being stretched up to 120%, with (top) input images (middle) registered mesh (bottom) surface retexturing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3d-registration-error-on-with-variation-of-the-2hpqvgp4.png Figure 3: 3D registration error on with variation of the Young’s Modulus for simulation 1 and simulation 2: Small variation of the Young’s Modulus value slightly affect the reconstruction while distant values highly increase the errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-dimensional-reconstruction-and-augmentation-y21djtiz.png Figure 1: Three-dimensional reconstruction and augmentation of elastic objects from a single view under several elongations. Our approach is able to handle extensibility of the material when undergoing elongation. In (top) the camera view of the re-textured elastic object and in (bottom) the recovered 3D shape form showed from a different view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-selected-frames-showing-the-overlay-of-the-mesh-on-jhggmbi0.png Figure 6: Selected frames showing the overlay of the mesh on the images with the silicone-like data with (a) deformations 1, (b) deformation 2 (c) deformation 3 and (d) deformations 4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3d-elastic-augmentation-of-the-mechanical-model-on-335raber.png Figure 8: 3D elastic augmentation of the mechanical model on the laparoscopic images acquired form a monocular camera. The augmentation is effective (left) even when the deformation generated by the instrument force the lobe of the liver to fold (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3d-shape-recovery-of-a-silicone-like-material-tw060ovy.png Figure 7: 3D shape recovery of a silicone-like material deformation: Our method produce the lowest error in comparison with other methods on 4 type of deformations and extensibility with (a) and (c) deformation 1, (b) and (d) deformation 2, (e) and (g) deformation 3 and (f) and (h) deformation 4. https://scispace.com/papers/single-strand-dna-processing-phylogenomics-and-sequence-2yyfk24syx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-taxonomic-distribution-of-the-tnpay1-subclasses-each-obc0rnpm.png Fig. 4 Taxonomic distribution of the TnpAY1 subclasses. Each species of our sample of complete bacterial genomes is represented by one strain and displayed according to the NCBI taxonomic tree (phyla levels). Names of the largest phyla are indicated, first column, histogram of the genome sizes (red), next columns gene occurrence for each subclass. Black bands indicate the presence of at least one copy of the subclass in the genome. a includes Deferribacterales, Nitrospirales, Synergistia and Fusobacteriales. b includes Aquificales, Chlorobia, Chlamydiales and Chloroflexi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-multiple-alignment-of-the-conserved-core-region-the-3g7oyhk3.png Fig. 5 Multiple alignment of the conserved core region. The alignment was reordered according to the phylogenetic tree. The secondary structure of E. coli TnpAREP (PDB 4ER8) is shown above the alignment. The location of the core upstream and downstream sub-domains is shown by blue bands. The alignment was trimmed to remove rare insertions and the display was obtained with Jalview and the Taylor color option https://scispace.com/papers/single-trace-side-channel-attacks-on-scalar-multiplications-428reofku9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-results-of-the-simulated-clustering-attack-w-8-and-w-3nubd62e.png Fig. 3. Results of the simulated clustering attack (W = 8 and W = 16), averaged from 10,000 scalar multiplications for each noise level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-results-of-the-simulated-correlation-attack-w-8-and-w-j3vyd5nv.png Fig. 1. Results of the simulated correlation attack (W = 8 and W = 16), averaged from 10,000 scalar multiplications for each noise level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-success-rates-from-200-emulated-scalar-3124jzs4.png Table 1. Success rates from 200 emulated scalar multiplications using multiplication traces from the 8-bit AVR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-of-the-simulated-correlation-attack-w-16-using-1m3f3n9e.png Fig. 2. Results of the simulated correlation attack (W = 16) using the alternative leakage model with (a) ω = 0.5 and (b) ω = 0.1, averaged from 10,000 scalar multiplications for each noise level. https://scispace.com/papers/singlet-fission-in-9-10-bis-phenylethynyl-anthracene-thin-4vulbpgmdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-fsta-spectra-of-a-solvent-annealed-170-nm-bpea-169le76r.png Figure 3. (a) FsTA spectra of a solvent-annealed 170 nm BPEA film using (a) 414 nm, 100 fs, 1 kHz laser pulses, (b) species-associated spectra and rate constants and (c) comparison of the transient https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-calculated-effective-electronic-coupling-constant-3ru4emgi.png Figure 5. (a) Calculated effective electronic coupling constant JSF,eff vs lateral slip distance X and (b) the 1-electron couplings VLL, VLH, VHH, and VHL vs lateral slip distance (X) using the C2/c polymorph π−π and longitudinal slip distances. https://scispace.com/papers/sipe-small-integer-plus-exponent-27s5kddhxc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timings-and-ratios-obtained-on-two-different-22x18fuc.png Table 1: Timings and ratios obtained on two different machines, respectively using the double native floating-point type (53-bit precision, in hardware), MPFR in precision 12, and SIPE in precision 12 (chosen at compile time). The SIPE/double and MPFR/SIPE timing ratios are given in the last two columns. https://scispace.com/papers/sirolimus-eluting-versus-uncoated-stents-in-acute-myocardial-20lmx6ayvn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-clinical-events-at-1-year-3cznohwm.png Table 3. Clinical Events at 1 Year.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-procedural-results-and-use-of-medication-during-the-2jgpe29g.png Table 2. Procedural Results and Use of Medication during the Trial.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-1ljmkbyr.png Table 2. Procedural Results and Use of Medication during the Trial.* https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-angiographic-measurements-obtained-at-the-time-of-39mt0rrd.png Table 4. Angiographic Measurements Obtained at the Time of the Index Procedure and at Follow-up at 8 Months.* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-enrollment-and-outcomes-a-subgroup-of-210-patients-3c4d4zal.png Figure 1. Enrollment and Outcomes. A subgroup of 210 patients were enrolled in the angiographic follow-up study; of these patients, 174 actually returned for follow-up angiography and 170 had qualifying angiograms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-patients-3r1lxhgc.png Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Patients.* https://scispace.com/papers/size-aftereffect-is-non-local-5blqpo5dsd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-possible-explanation-for-the-size-aftereffect-at-23k4skfr.png Figure 5: A possible explanation for the size aftereffect at the eccentric positions. A. The size and location tuned channels without any adaptation. B. Altered sensitivity profiles of channels after adaptation to a size at a certain location. Two layers of size channels are shown here. The lower layer consists of narrower channels which are responsive to a smallest range of sizes at very limited area. The higher layer receives input from the first layer, and responsive to a wider range of sizes with a greater width. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-adaptation-effect-for-small-a-and-large-b-target-30nphuu4.png Figure 3: Adaptation effect for small (A) and large (B) target discs. To quantify the size adaptation effect, we computed an adaptation index (AI, see Equation 1). The maps were generated by averaging the AIs in left and right visual fields, as the effect was in the same direction regardless of the visual hemifield. Negative AI values (perceptual underestimation) are represented by shades of red, whereas positive AI values (perceptual overestimation) are represented by shades of blue. Darker shades mean greater adaptation effect. Note that the colormaps have different ranges in (A) and (B). AI values between the 15 target locations were estimated using natural neighbour interpolation. Thick black circles at the center-zero position show the relative size and position of the adapter. Thin green circles represent the actual sizes of targets and the yellow circles show their perceived sizes (all drawn to scale). Small black squares, next to ‘Center’ on the vertical axes, represent the fixation point. p values are FDR corrected. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spatial-layout-for-experiment-1-a-and-experiment-2-60o4v7bt.png Figure 1: Spatial layout for Experiment 1 (A) and Experiment 2 (B). Dark gray discs (A) and rings (B) represent target stimuli and white dashed circles represent the size and position of the adapter (the adapter was a mid-sized disk in Experiment 1, a ring in Experiment 2). The adapter was presented 10.5◦ to the left or right of the fixation point (FP). Only the right visual field is shown here for clarity. The target stimuli appeared in only one of the shown positions in the test phase of a trial. The target could be either larger or smaller than the adapter. FP: fixation point, U: up, C: center, D: down, N2: nearer 2, N1: nearer 1, 0: zero, F1: further 1, F2: further 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-results-of-experiment-2-dashed-line-together-with-25nt55m6.png Figure 4: Results of Experiment 2 (dashed line) together with results from Experiment 1 (solid line). Average adaptation indices are shown as a function of five target positions, for small (A) and large (B) targets from both experiments. The pattern between the sets of results is remarkably consistent, showing that the adaptation effect does not critically depend on the geometry of the stimulus. Error bars: standard error of the mean (SEM). C: center, N2: nearer 2, N1: nearer 1, 0: zero, F1: further 1, F2: further 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-course-of-a-single-trial-in-experiment-1-a-1epsumfa.png Figure 2: Time course of a single trial in Experiment 1. A. Trials started with an adaptation phase, in which a mid-sized flickering adapter was presented either in the left or the right visual field (in this case in right visual field; adapter hemifield was blocked in different sessions). Adaptation phase lasted 40s in the first trial and 7s in the remaining trials. This was followed by a 300ms blank fixation screen (same as C). B. Test phase lasted 300ms with a target disc (larger or smaller than the adapter; blocked in different sessions) in one of the fifteen positions in the adapted visual field, and a variable disc at the non-adapted visual field (the dotted line outlining the adapter location was not presented to the participants). The size of the variable disc in a trial was controlled by the experimental program based on the participant’s previous responses following an adaptive procedure. C. After the test phase, participants were required to press a key to indicate the bigger of the two discs (left or right). A final blank fixation screen remained for 1s after the participants responded. In the control blocks the adaptation phase was omitted. https://scispace.com/papers/situational-awareness-using-distributed-data-fusion-with-20496mdt6z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-simulation-results-dynamic-network-topology-dynamic-vcd74ghy.png Table 7. Simulation results (dynamic network topology; dynamic agent confidence). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-application-of-the-cautious-combination-rule-23s1jhwv.png Table 1. Application of the cautious combination rule. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bba-m-and-its-relative-discounting-function-ma-a-0-2-1bk6fmqb.png Table 2. BBA m(·) and its relative discounting function mα(·) (α = 0.2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-bba-mfi-0-applied-to-node-vi-in-case-of-link-failure-294mt6oz.png Table 3. BBA mfi (0) applied to node vi in case of link failure of eij . https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-simulation-results-dynamic-network-topology-static-h9cjsf8a.png Table 6. Simulation results (dynamic network topology; static agent confidence). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simulation-results-static-network-topology-static-g4958su0.png Table 4. Simulation results (static network topology; static agent confidence). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-simulation-results-static-network-topology-dynamic-37l2mjse.png Table 5. Simulation results (static network topology; dynamic agent confidence). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resources-exchanged-by-the-infrastructures-whyqax6d.png Figure 1. Resources exchanged by the infrastructures. https://scispace.com/papers/situated-regional-university-incubation-a-multi-level-4yl6hdrnvt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-context-of-study-influences-on-the-incubation-model-1k0uotn4.png Figure 2: Context of study: Influences on the incubation model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dynamic-dominant-pathways-of-stakeholder-resource-3j0fauiu.png Figure 1: Dynamic dominant pathways of stakeholder resource relationships. Source: Miller et al., (2014) https://scispace.com/papers/size-controlled-gold-tip-growth-onto-ii-vi-nanorods-vib412yjce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tem-image-showing-how-a-change-in-the-reaction-2k77qn5i.png Fig 5. TEM image showing how a change in the reaction parameters such as temperature and duration can lead to a variation in tip positioning. (a) gold growth onto CdS nanorods at room temperature for 2 minutes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-powder-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-a-as-synthesized-q67knmmz.png Fig 6. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of (a) as synthesized CdSe 25 nanorods, CdSe nanorods with small gold tips (10 nm) and CdSe https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-pl-spectra-of-as-synthesised-cdse-nanorods-and-cdse-2wvr7f6e.png Fig 7. PL spectra of as synthesised CdSe nanorods and CdSe nanorods with various gold tip sizes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tem-images-showing-the-change-in-tip-size-due-to-a-bc3tfc5b.png Fig. 1. TEM images showing the change in tip size due to a variation in starting gold concentration on CdSe nanorods in a two minute reaction. (a) Gold tip growth with 0.0086 mmol gold (I) chloride on CdSe nanorods (d) HRTEM image using the latter gold concentration (b) Gold tip growth with 0.034 mmol gold (I) chloride on CdSe nanorods (e) corresponding HRTEM image (c) Gold tip growth with 0.155 mmol gold (I) chloride on CdSe nanorods growth (f) corresponding HRTEM image. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-gold-tip-size-variation-and-corresponding-iotg4f70.png Fig 4. Gold tip size variation and corresponding concentration of gold for CdS, CdSe and CdTe nanorods. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gold-tip-size-variation-on-cdte-nanorods-after-a-10-pcpyw7vj.png Fig 3. Gold tip size variation on CdTe nanorods after a 10 second reaction by a manipulation of starting gold concentration (a) Gold tip growth using 0.0086 mmol gold (I) chloride on CdS nanorods (b) Gold tip growth with 0.0344 mmol gold (I) chloride on CdS nanorods (c) Gold tip growth with 0.103 mmol gold (I) chloride on CdS nanorod, (d,e,f) corresponding HRTEM images to the above images. https://scispace.com/papers/size-effect-of-germanium-nanocrystals-5051qpavb0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tem-cross-sectional-images-of-samples-0126-a-0269-b-2nq2f217.png Fig. 1. TEM cross-sectional images of samples 0126(a), 0269(b) and 0194(c). https://scispace.com/papers/size-innovation-and-internationalization-a-survival-analysis-3pcy6yut66 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-around-here-3ae6cy8h.png Table 1 around here https://scispace.com/papers/size-effects-of-a-portable-two-phase-electronics-cooling-20bzebpy9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-simulation-parameters-p5im9brp.png Table 1: Simulation parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-from-the-numerical-model-for-different-1c36ecxb.png Figure 5: Results from the numerical model for different control techniques. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-necessary-accumulator-volume-in-function-of-the-1qsnktlb.png Figure 11: Necessary accumulator volume in function of the allow ble boiling temperature rise from the analytic model A, B and C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-necessary-accumulator-volume-in-function-of-the-201lf02n.png Figure 12: Necessary accumulator volume in function of the allow ble boiling temperature rise for different refrigerants using model C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-void-fraction-for-a-given-inlet-vapor-1ai5560y.png Figure 2: Average void fraction for a given inlet vapor quality for the heat exchanger. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-exit-vapor-quality-of-the-heat-sink-in-function-of-1oxtxxd6.png Figure 4: Exit vapor quality of the heat sink in function of the compressible accumulator volume, for isothermal and isentropic size effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-a-two-phase-cooling-wfeq10sn.png Figure 1: Schematic representation of a two-phase cooling system, with (a) the pump, (b) the accumulator, (c) the pre-heater, (d) the microchannel heat sink, (e) the connecting tubing and (f) the heat exchanger with air. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-from-the-numerical-model-for-different-heat-2zc2cqel.png Figure 8: Results from the numerical model for different heat exchanger flow channel widths. https://scispace.com/papers/size-resolved-airborne-particulate-polysaccharides-in-summer-49pufzj3pe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mass-size-distribution-of-particulate-hexose-monomers-25ep6to7.png Fig. 6. Mass size distribution of particulate hexose monomers for trajectory cluster 4a during R3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-accuracy-precision-relative-standard-deviation-rsd-33dfjwiy.png Table 1. Accuracy, precision, relative standard deviation (%RSD), limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of the analytes determined. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-backward-trajectory-clusters-with-an-arrival-height-of-1vr9n4kn.png Fig. 2.Backward trajectory clusters with an arrival height of 100 m at the position of the icebreaker during(a) the ice drift (PI-drift), (b) cluster 1 (DOY 227, DOY 229–232) originated easterly from the Barents and Kara seas,(c) cluster 2 (DOY 228, DOY 236, 238– 239) from the Greenl nd Sea–Fram Strai area,d t r 3 (DOY 234–235) from Greenland,(e) cluster 4 (DOY 240–246) from the northwestern circumpolar region over the pack ice,(f) sub-cluster 4a (DOY 240–243), and(g) sub-cluster 4b (DOY 243–246). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-monosaccharide-composition-of-size-resolved-aerosol-27jy7as3.png Table 2.Monosaccharide composition of size-resolved aerosol particles collected during ASCOS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-temporal-variation-of-particulate-thns-total-3l8hb891.png Fig. 3. Temporal variation of particulate THNS (total hydrolysable neutral sugar) mass concentration (pmol m−3), grouped in the sub- and super-micrometer size ranges. The division into four separate regimes (R1–4) during ice drift (PI-drift: DOY 225–245), based on the analyses of the surface energy budget (see Sect. 4.1 for details), is indicated by light-green panels. The inward and outward OW and MIZ stations are indicated by light-blue panels. The thin line connecting the subsequent samples is inserted to help the eye to separate the three categories of THNS (total, sub-micrometer, super-micrometer). https://scispace.com/papers/skilled-migration-and-innovation-in-european-industries-2co34zwsbp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-skills-and-ethnicity-2htdgrht.png Table 7. Skills and Ethnicity https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patent-and-human-capital-aggregate-statistics-2r8ikfqk.png Table 2. Patent and Human capital aggregate statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-baseline-model-skills-3q2zkfo7.png Table 6. Baseline model: skills. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-t4upp3t6.png Table 5. Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-the-variables-1kbixxpz.png Table 1. Description of the variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marginal-effects-of-tertiary-educated-natives-and-1jyk8xu9.png Figure 1. Marginal effects of tertiary educated natives and immigrant workers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-patents-and-migrant-shares-by-sector-2q5mablm.png Table 4. Patents and migrant shares by sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-aggregate-effect-of-skilled-migrants-and-1wialgib.png Figure 2. The aggregate effect of skilled migrants and skilled natives on patent production in high-tech sectors between 1994 and 2006 https://scispace.com/papers/size-tunable-visible-and-near-infrared-photoluminescence-15g69t2i2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-pl-spectra-of-three-samples-of-etched-and-2z5l52u1.png FIG. 3. Color online PL spectra of three samples of etched and oxidized quantum dots with different initial corrugation diameters. The leftmost curve centered at 600 nm corresponds to pillars in frame a , the middle curve centered at 640 nm corresponds to the pillars in frame b , and the rightmost curve centered at 810 nm corresponds to the pillars in frame c . The preoxidation size is 30 nm, 37 nm, and 45 nm for the a black, b blue, and c green samples, respectively. Note that the larger the preoxidation size of the corrugated pillars the longer the peak emission wavelength. Scale bars are 200 nm in each frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-bright-field-image-of-the-head-and-first-quantum-dot-2lq7ygbq.png FIG. 2. a Bright-field image of the head and first quantum dot of a corrugated pillar after oxidation. Inset shows a similar picture with diffraction contrast to highlight the crystalline nature of the remaining silicon nanocrystals. b and c These frames utilize diffraction contrast to highlight the remaining quantum dots in the legs of the corrugated pillars after selfterminating oxidation. Scale bars are 50 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sem-image-of-an-array-of-corrugated-silicon-83jhm59c.png FIG. 1. a SEM image of an array of corrugated silicon nanopillars immediately after etching. These pillars were fabricated by oscillating the etching conditions to controllably undercut and overpassivate the silicon. b An array of nanopillars with vertical sidewalls etched using the same pseudoBosch recipe but without varying the ratio of etch to passivation gas. https://scispace.com/papers/skills-and-regional-entrepreneurship-capital-formation-a-67qmte4n9r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-startup-rate-by-nuts-3-regions-average-2000-2004-in-edg58s4c.png Figure 1: Startup rate by NUTS-3 regions (average 2000-2004) in Portugal https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pooled-ols-regression-results-for-portugal-1o6wh4y8.png Table 4: Pooled OLS regression results for Portugal https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pooled-ols-regression-results-for-germany-8ny2umme.png Table 5: Pooled OLS regression results for Germany https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-economic-characteristics-of-germany-and-portugal-1w24vbdz.png Table 1: Economic characteristics of Germany and Portugal https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-portugal-1ceduvg8.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics – Portugal https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-germany-31owa63m.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics – Germany https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-startup-rate-by-nuts-3-regions-average-2000-2004-in-2vuq38mg.png Figure 2: Startup rate by NUTS-3 regions (average 2000-2004) in Germany https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-loss-impacts-the-interconnected-brain-body-mood-2cq8tn6oug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-brain-connectivity-and-cardiovascular-changes-a-1kx8qrfe.png Figure 4. Brain connectivity and cardiovascular changes. A, Scatterplot represents significant positive correlation between sleep-loss related increases in insula and https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cardiovascular-outcomes-a-following-sleep-qvei74my.png Figure 1. Cardiovascular outcomes. A, Following sleep deprivation, there was https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-associations-between-cardiovascular-outcomes-2zlc9i41.png Figure 2. Associations between cardiovascular outcomes. Scatterplots represent non-significant correlations between sleep-loss changes (deprived – rested) in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-changes-in-brain-connectivity-in-regions-of-1vvizpqm.png Figure 3. Changes in brain connectivity in regions of interest. Connections shown are significant following FDR-correction (q = 0.05). A, Connections that are https://scispace.com/papers/sleep-mental-health-and-wellbeing-among-fathers-of-infants-14ujziezpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-infant-sleep-and-paternal-tbpf5bib.png Table 3: Associations between infant sleep and paternal wellbeing 509 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-chart-showing-screening-and-2xzopiol.png Figure 1: PRISMA flow chart showing screening and identification of eligible papers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methodology-of-included-studies-and-descriptive-31bxkyp0.png Table 1: Methodology of included studies, and descriptive findings about sleep among fathers 482 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-associations-between-paternal-sleep-and-paternal-3sa77nzz.png Table 2 Associations between paternal sleep and paternal mental health and wellbeing 497 https://scispace.com/papers/slow-light-in-media-of-zero-dimension-ti2y5sd4g4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-splitting-of-a-280-ps-short-pulse-with-center-3thys8qn.png Fig. 2: Splitting of a 280 ps short pulse with center frequency near the resonance. Inset: Doubling of the modulation frequency (solid red, rescaled by 25) of 280 ps short pulses (dashed green) after propagation through the fish scale structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-amplitude-blue-and-phase-red-transmission-spectrum-q5gvw45s.png Fig. 1: (a) Amplitude (blue) and phase (red) transmission spectrum for the "fish scale" metamaterial shown in the inset. (b) Response (solid red, rescaled by 104) of the fish scale structure to a 18 ns long pulse (dashed green). https://scispace.com/papers/slider-an-efficient-incremental-reasoner-2izc177hoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rules-dependency-graph-for-rdf-oeykzdm2.png Figure 2: Rules dependency graph for ρdf https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-demonstration-web-interface-o1vbrdj5.png Figure 4: Demonstration Web Interface https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-results-for-slider-and-owlim-se-inference-2w2puflo.png Table 1: Benchmark results for Slider and OWLIM-SE inference on ρdf and RDFS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-inference-time-comparison-between-slider-and-owlim-1a6r1y06.png Figure 3: Inference time comparison between Slider and OWLIM-SE, on ρdf and RDFS(Lower is better) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-architecture-of-slider-2o95992p.png Figure 1: Global architecture of Slider https://scispace.com/papers/small-angle-crab-compensation-for-lhc-ir-upgrade-39xm5yfsn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-emittance-growth-for-beam-beam-noise-offset-at-two-1gg83lkv.png Figure 6: Emittance growth for beam-beam noise offset at two IPS with different modulation frequencies ( I Hz, lKHz, and 32 KHz) at the IP (P" = 0.25m) as a function of modulated amplitude. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pertinent-rf-parameters-like-wq-peak-fields-and-2nwi5o7j.png Figure 2: Pertinent RF parameters like WQ, peak fields and cell-to-cell coupling as a function of the geometrical parameters for TMllo mode. https://scispace.com/papers/small-rna-and-degradome-profiling-reveals-a-role-for-mirnas-2m7o4lmwoh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-small-rna-sequences-in-the-seven-n7y0ejjw.png Table 1 Distribution of small RNA sequences in the seven fiber development libraries https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-overview-of-mirna-targets-in-the-three-degradome-32uddxdt.png Table 4 Overview of miRNA targets in the three degradome libraries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-candidate-cotton-mirnas-identified-through-small-rna-lazg5fcq.png Table 2 Candidate cotton miRNAs identified through small RNA sequencing https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-fiber-quality-parameters-between-wild-ecnic3us.png Table 5 Comparison of fiber quality parameters between Wild type, Null and miR156/157-suppressed Lines (MIMI156/157) in Hubei province, 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-data-of-degradome-sequencing-from-the-three-1m36eopo.png Table 3 Summary data of degradome sequencing from the three libraries https://scispace.com/papers/smart-cities-to-improve-mobility-and-quality-of-life-of-the-2r3t6salms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-use-of-beacons-as-potential-solution-17-2n7wapan.png Figure 1: Use of beacons as potential solution [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-iot-layer-architecture-40-2cpr99p9.png Figure 2: IoT Layer Architecture [40]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-domestic-environment-scenario-40-2vlw80cz.png Figure 5: Domestic environment scenario [40]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-smart-learning-scenario-40-3jqrjx0h.png Figure 4: Smart learning scenario [40]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shopping-scenario-40-1owz4xt6.png Figure 3: Shopping scenario [40]. https://scispace.com/papers/smart-novel-computer-based-analytical-tool-for-image-forgery-f5ny672w3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-neurons-in-hidden-layer-vs-execution-time-2fqjack7.png Figure 8. Neurons in hidden layer vs. execution time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-recognition-percentage-vs-number-of-subjects-dbe51nnu.png Figure 9. Recognition percentage vs. number of subjects https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-neural-network-training-curve-2betyl49.png Figure 4. Neural network training curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-original-image-spectrum-6l3aqhcf.png Figure 8. Neurons in hidden layer vs. execution time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-forged-image-spectrum-3j0a5g95.png Figure 6. Forged image spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-image-recognition-1aw8wi2q.png Figure 7. Image recognition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-process-structure-y2kyb0ts.png Figure 1. Proposed process structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-image-vectorization-25z63tw8.png Figure 3. Image vectorization https://scispace.com/papers/smoke-free-air-interventions-in-seven-latin-american-d7pbp0vuu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowcharts-of-overview-and-systematic-review-37ap47cy.png Figure 1. Flowcharts of overview and systematic review https://scispace.com/papers/smart-power-management-in-oic-countries-a-critical-overview-1poxtzr16l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-significance-scores-of-the-tows-strategies-kjh6f3o9.png Table 14. Significance scores of the TOWS strategies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-smart-power-management-adaptation-strategies-in-the-2os4eq4o.png Figure 8. Smart Power management adaptation strategies in the OIC countries and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-overall-smart-grid-technology-infrastructure-1gibkrnu.png Figure 3. The overall smart grid technology infrastructure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-saatys-scale-for-the-swot-factor-comparison-101-3jjg81zj.png Table 7. Saaty’s scale for the SWOT factor comparison [101] . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-process-of-the-swot-ahp-tows-analysis-1263g3op.png Figure 5. Process of the SWOT-AHP-TOWS analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-the-ahp-analysis-for-calculating-the-weights-of-22vfd2do.png Table 18. The AHP analysis for calculating the weights of each criterion. Here, B represents Beneficial, and NB represents Non-Beneficial. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-operations-of-the-smart-power-management-schemes-1ksk3kdo.png Table 5. Operations of the smart power management schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-random-index-ri-107-3lucf9kc.png Table 10. Random Index (RI) [107] https://scispace.com/papers/smoking-cessation-outcomes-among-individuals-with-substance-3tcdhddsmb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characteristics-1fja35go.png Table 1: Sample Characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adjusted-predictors-of-smoking-cessation-for-26-gzxjn2ql.png Table 2: Adjusted predictors of smoking cessation for 26 weeks for program completersb by gender. https://scispace.com/papers/smoothed-aggregation-multigrid-for-a-stokes-problem-3m020i4dgl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stability-properties-on-multigrid-levels-k-k-6-1b5sa0d9.png Table 1 Stability properties on multigrid levels k (k = 6 finest, k = 1 coarsest), measured by cond(Sk,Mk) for different formulations of coarse-problems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sixpipes-geometry-velocity-above-and-pressure-fields-3kffo80s.png Fig. 4 sixpipes geometry: velocity (above) and pressure fields https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-poiseuille-2d-flow-nodal-aggregates-on-three-levels-9lkd2qo2.png Fig. 1 Poiseuille 2D flow: nodal aggregates on three levels, elongation L = 2, h = 1/16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-poiseuille-flow-2d-timestep-t-10-2-vnh1v01h.png Table 4 Poiseuille flow 2D: timestep τ=10−2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-poiseuille-flow-2d-timestep-t-10-4-29jikclo.png Table 5 Poiseuille flow 2D: timestep τ=10−4 https://scispace.com/papers/snake-predation-on-bats-in-europe-new-cases-and-a-regional-3lay3hqini 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-greater-mouse-eared-bat-myotis-myotis-swallowed-3aju40d9.png Figure 2: A greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) swallowed by the Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus), Orlova Chuka Cave, Bulgaria (photo by L. Barti). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-aesculapian-snakes-zamenis-longissimus-catching-h1l4ntsi.png Figure 1: The Aesculapian snake’s (Zamenis longissimus) catching attempt against a Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale), Nanin Kamak Cave, Bulgaria (photo by Á. Péter and A.D. Sándor). https://scispace.com/papers/snpboost-interaction-analysis-and-risk-prediction-on-gwa-kfum4tlddo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-single-p-values-for-all-snps-and-the-20-first-selected-3g2gway3.png Fig. 2. Single p-values for all SNPs and the 20 first selected SNPs by the SNPboost algorithm. The SNPboost selected SNPs are shown as black dots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-classification-performance-of-linear-and-non-linear-1hcm2p2h.png Fig. 1. Classification performance of linear and non-linear SVM with SNPboost selected SNPs vs p-value selected SNPs. A logarithmic (base 10) scale is used for the X-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-gene-interaction-of-the-20-first-selected-snps-two-7u3hasmy.png Fig. 3. Gene interaction, of the 20 first selected SNPs two genes can be linked through an additional gene for both selection strategies https://scispace.com/papers/social-capital-and-knowledge-sharing-in-academic-research-3jnmtajarh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-social-capital-and-knowledge-sharing-in-academic-1c529wqu.png Table 2. Social capital and knowledge sharing in academic research teams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-and-correlation-matrix-1aui5c6q.png Table 3. Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-academic-research-teams-3kvbtcln.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of academic research teams. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-social-capital-on-knowledge-sharing-in-1urvjrqv.png Table 4. Effect of social capital on knowledge sharing in academic research teams. https://scispace.com/papers/social-closure-surnames-and-crime-hwwez2z9in 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-crime-and-surname-concentration-jw1yoby6.png Table 3: Crime and surname concentration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-3t7zszpp.png Table 1: Summary statistics https://scispace.com/papers/social-disadvantage-and-the-self-regulatory-function-of-x8nmvhhn72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-participants-willingness-to-invest-effort-in-long-2x4ngi4q.png Figure 3. Participants’ willingness to invest effort in long-term goals, depending on ethnic minority status and justice condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-of-participants-commitment-to-doing-qr19lucx.png Figure 1. Relationship of participants’ commitment to doing well on the second test and justice beliefs, depending on self-reported socioeconomic status (SES), only for participants who felt they had performed poorly on the first test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relationship-between-respondents-willingness-to-1gq4hw4t.png Figure 5. Relationship between respondents’ willingness to make sacrifices to achieve long-term goals and their endorsement of meritocratic beliefs, for self-identified lower- and upper-class respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-number-of-minutes-high-and-low-ses-participants-seo4tso2.png Figure 7. Number of minutes high and low SES participants planned to spend on academic and social activities as a function of priming condition (Study 6) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mediation-model-showing-the-direct-effect-of-a-2v6cy969.png Figure 4. Mediation model showing the direct effect of a justice prime on willingness to invest effort in long-term goals, and its indirect effect through beliefs about personal just treatment (ethnic minority participants only). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-of-participants-willingness-to-invest-vwhftdlm.png Figure 2. Relationship of participants’ willingness to invest effort in long-term goals and justice beliefs, depending on self-reported socioeconomic status (SES) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-relationship-between-respondents-willingness-to-34c3xs70.png Figure 6. Relationship between respondents’ willingness to make sacrifices to achieve long-term goals and their endorsement of meritocratic beliefs, for Caucasian and non-Caucasian respondents living in countries where Caucasians form the largest ethnic group https://scispace.com/papers/social-distance-between-residents-and-international-tourists-2owpf0mhqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-background-of-social-distance-1zp1bsaw.png Fig. 1. Conceptual background of social distance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-principal-components-analysis-results-2wujfgn3.png Table 2 Principal components analysis results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-description-31qzw482.png Table 1 Sample description. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-cognitive-structures-of-austrian-1de9wjsd.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the cognitive structures of Austrian residents towards German tourists. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-cognitive-structures-of-austrian-3ey33yfp.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the cognitive structures of Austrian residents towards Japanese tourists. https://scispace.com/papers/social-information-nudges-an-experiment-with-multiple-group-khmc7njovv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-only-random-two-separate-reference-points-1l0r3kr3.png Table 4: Only Random – two separate reference points https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-only-baseline-2-two-separate-reference-points-1wlp2vmu.png Table 3: Only Baseline 2 – two separate reference points https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-individual-performance-the-effect-of-reference-point-2y2sdvmd.png Table 2. Individual performance – the effect of reference point(s) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-means-and-tests-for-zero-performance-boost-by-1k285z71.png Table 5. Means and Tests for zero performance boost by initial performance relative to norm in Treatments 1-4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-individual-performance-by-interval-groups-on-task-1-1n17xst9.png Table 6. Individual performance by interval groups on Task 1 (Random effects model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-individual-performance-3ixgfoua.png Table 1. Mean individual performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-individual-performance-with-treatment-dummies-1e5uixkl.png Table 7. Individual performance with Treatment dummies https://scispace.com/papers/social-networks-and-labour-market-outcomes-the-non-monetary-8sz833wtjm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-social-networks-and-subjective-indicators-of-job-36gj8u72.png Table 4 Social networks and subjective indicators of job adequacy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-successful-search-strategies-1995-hb66rhh1.png Figure 2 Proportion of successful search strategies, 1995–2001. Notice: The question wording was: „Which of the strategies you used was decisive in finding the job?“. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-job-offer-distributions-from-networks-and-formal-f301kaay.png Figure 1 Job offer distributions from networks and formal channels. Note: a refers to job adequacy. https://scispace.com/papers/social-networks-their-role-and-influence-on-generation-y-49k4yh2nid 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-opportunities-for-communication-on-social-networks-1rs30144.png Figure 2: Opportunities for communication on social networks in the decision-making process of a university candidate (Source: own work). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chi-squared-test-of-independence-3tfeor0p.png Table 2: Chi-squared test of independence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-on-social-networks-in-the-studied-years-source-3ldoarpe.png Table 1: Test on social networks in the studied years (Source: own work). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diagram-of-the-decision-making-process-of-a-38vxtu2n.png Figure 1: Diagram of the decision-making process of a university candidate (Source: own work). https://scispace.com/papers/sociality-in-embodied-neural-agents-4a0wya7b58 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-oscillatory-migratory-waves-of-agents-in-1-the-17c1f1kv.png Figure 1. Oscillatory migratory waves of agents. In (1) the agents concentrate in a zone of the environment which happens to have more food than other zones. In (2), after having depleted of food the originary zone, the agents migrate toward the periphery of the environment where food has accumulated in the meantime. In (3) the agents have reached the periphery. In (4), after having depleted the periphery, they return to the originary zone of concentration where food has returned since they left the zone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolutionary-increase-in-the-quality-of-artefacts-3foashmt.png Figure 6. Evolutionary increase in the quality of artefacts when model artefacts to be reproduced are selected from among all the artefacts of the population (top), from among the artefacts of the local community (middle), and are those used by an agent’s parent (bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-behavior-displayed-by-four-agents-initially-located-3k0mognw.png Figure 4. Behavior displayed by four agents initially located in four different starting positions and orientations. In all cases the light target is located on the left side. The lines represent the trajectories of the four agents and the circles represent the final position of the agents after a given amount of time. The arrows indicate quick changes in the orientation of individual agents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-at-the-beginning-of-the-simulation-agents-are-1cg8ezoc.png Figure 5. At the beginning of the simulation agents are randomly distributed in the environment (left). At the end of the simulation agents have evolved a tendency to stay close to each other in order to learn from each other (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-left-the-hardware-prototype-of-an-individual-1rhwvwud.png Figure 3. Top-Left: The hardware prototype of an individual robot. Top-Right: Four simulated robots linked up to form a linear structure. Bottom: The trajectory followed by a star-shaped swarmbot made up of eight individual robots in an environment with obstacles, furrows, and holes. The swarmbot is depicted in its final position near the light target represented by the white sphere. The black irregular lines indicate the trajectories followed by the eight robots forming the swarmbot. While isolated robots (indicated by arrows) get stuck in furrows, the swarmbot passes over the furrows, succeeds to free its component robots that fall in holes, and searches and finds the light that was not visible from the starting position (center of the graph). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-child-small-square-evolves-the-behavior-of-25jk0u1o.png Figure 2. A “child” (small square) evolves the behavior of following its “parent” (large rectangle) which is looking for food (circles) because this allows the “child” to obtain food from its “parent”. https://scispace.com/papers/socioeconomic-and-reproductive-factors-associated-with-1zmobh0eyz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-women-by-sexual-relationship-and-g5zvzawg.png Table 2. Characteristics of women by sexual relationship and those associated with HIV seropositivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-analyses-for-the-association-of-womens-3ifj0r2y.png Table 3. Multivariate analyses for the association of women’s characteristics and condom use either with husband or with partner. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristic-of-pregnant-woemn-and-analyses-of-3invcf1j.png Table 1. Characteristic of pregnant woemn and analyses of risk factors for HIV seropositivity https://scispace.com/papers/soft-budget-constraints-and-regional-industrial-policy-3byno8m9b3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-projected-and-actual-hiring-schedule-for-dmcl-1979-2tyyxub0.png Table 2. Projected and Actual Hiring Schedule for DMCL, 1979-1982 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-monthly-production-performance-18ieu1gh.png Table 1 Monthly Production Performance https://scispace.com/papers/software-technologies-applications-and-foundations-2rdgn0w0tp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-420-mb-traversal-and-save-performances-njdrt6vl.png Figure 11: 420 MB traversal and save performances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-family-metamodel-2my4hczb.png Figure 7: The model representation for Book.all.select(b|b.name = a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-20-mb-model-traversal-and-save-performances-1nlfovx6.png Figure 10: 20 MB model traversal and save performances https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-memory-consumption-model-traversal-and-save-420-mb-119idgx1.png Figure 9: Memory Consumption: Model Traversal and Save (420 MB) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-operations-supported-by-the-hypersonic-api-lsytfepf.png Table 2: List of operations supported by the Hypersonic API https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-java-code-quality-fixes-3io00q8p.png Table 3: List of Java code quality fixes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-database-state-after-modifications-25ll3qac.png Figure 6: Database state after modifications https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-petri-net-metamodel-2zlpwoqb.png Figure 6: Database state after modifications https://scispace.com/papers/soil-organic-matter-in-dryland-ecosystems-oy2komz6ru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-diffusion-edited-1h-hr-mas-nmr-spectra-of-microbes-26bepbcp.png Figure 13. Diffusion edited 1H HR-MAS NMR spectra of microbes cultured from soil, barley straw, semiarid soils under chisel tillage for 25 years, and their respective free, intramacroaggregate, intra-microaggregate, and mineral-associated organic matter (OM) pools. General assignments of chemical shift ranges are as follows: (a) CH3 and CH2 (0.6-1.3 ppm); (b) CH3 and CH2 near O and N (1.3-2.9 ppm); (c) O-alkyl, mainly from carbohydrates and lignin (2.9-4.1 ppm); (d) α-H from peptides (4.1-4.8 ppm); (e) aromatic, from lignin and peptides (6.2- 7.8 ppm); and (f) amide in peptides (7.8-8.4 ppm). It is noteworthy that the spectrum of the mineral-associated OM pool is very similar to that of soil microbial cultures, whereas the spectra of the other OM fractions more closely resemble that of barley straw (spectra redrawn from Plaza et al., 2013 and Courtier-Murias et al., 2013 with permission from Elsevier). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-main-strategies-to-restore-preserve-and-enhance-leo9fc3f.png Figure 8. Main strategies to restore, preserve, and enhance soil organic matter in drylands (Lal, 2004a, 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-organic-matter-transformation-stabilization-and-4r0iajn7.png Figure 3. Organic matter transformation, stabilization, and protection from decomposition in soils (redrawn from Courtier-Murias et al., 2013, with permission from Elsevier). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-carbon-biomass-cycle-and-sequestration-in-biochar-35qmifz3.png Figure 10. Carbon biomass cycle and sequestration in biochar. Plants store atmospheric C by photosynthesis in their biomass. Biomass C is released back into the atmosphere by plant respiration or incorporated into the soil. Soil organic C decompose and release C into the atmosphere. The pyrolysis of biomass generates energy and biochar, with very stable C structures that decompose very slowly and can be stored in soils for much longer than the biomass C from which it originates (Lehmann, 2007; Lehmann and Joseph, 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simplified-global-c-cycle-and-soil-c-stocks-in-1nqnqd12.png Figure 2. Simplified global C cycle and soil C stocks in drylands (data from Safriel et al., 2005; IPCC, 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-dryland-areas-in-accordance-with-the-united-1x34b77y.png Figure 1. Map of dryland areas in accordance with the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) definitions (UNEPWCMC, 2007). Based on the aridity index (AI), or ratio of total annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration, drylands are divided into hyperarid (AI less than 0.05), arid (AI within the rage from 0.05 to 0.2), semiarid (AI from 0.2 to 0.5), and dry subhumid regions (AI from 0.5 to 0.65). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-free-intra-macroaggregate-intra-microaggregate-and-mabs2lil.png Figure 11. Free, intra-macroaggregate, intra-microaggregate, and mineral-associated organic C content of soils either unamended (UN), amended with municipal solid waste compost (MC), or amended with sewage sludge (SS), without or with biochar (BC). Error bars indicate pooled standard error. Different letters indicate significant differences according to LSD test at the 0.05 level (reprinted from Plaza et al., 2016, with permission from Elsevier). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-biological-soil-crust-image-by-fernando-t-maestre-1mqzt0sb.png Figure 6. Biological soil crust (image by Fernando T. Maestre). https://scispace.com/papers/soil-selenium-fractionation-depth-profiles-and-time-trends-1yrc2r0221 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-se-se-iv-and-some-important-elements-removed-1npll8py.png Table 1. Total Se, Se(IV), and some important elements removed by the sequential extraction of site PUC (0 to 0.1 m). . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-depth-profile-of-soil-se-concentrations-at-the-p11-1cj8xrw1.png Fig. 4. Depth profile of soil-Se concentrations at the P11 study site. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summary-of-profile-averaged-relative-concentrations-of-3do8tqq4.png Fig. 3. Summary of profile-averaged relative concentrations of soil solution Se over time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-soil-solution-se-concentrations-profiles-at-site-p11-c-20mrbv18.png Fig. 1. Soil solution Se concentrations profiles at site P11 C, from 1987 to 1990. https://scispace.com/papers/soil-seed-bank-fire-season-and-temporal-patterns-of-5fmh8lh886 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-p-values-from-three-way-repeated-measures-anova-for-1o8ujfvb.png Table 2 P values from three-way, repeated measures ANOVA for seedling density (seedlings/m2) for all species, dominant woody shrub species, herbaceous (dicots, monocots), and species richness (dicots) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-monthly-mean-rainfall-and-temperature-trends-from-3bflddhh.png Fig. 1 a Monthly mean rainfall and temperature trends from 1970 to 2003 measured at the Guadalmellato Reservoir meteorological station (Córdoba), 4 400W, 38 020N, 217 m elevation. Location of the study site (Los Puntales, Córdoba province, Spain) is shown in the embedded figure. b Number of fires and total area burned during 1974–2008 within the 10 9 10 km UTM grid cell where the study area is located. Arrows indicate the time of experimental fires in early (ES) and late (LS) summer https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-relative-contribution-of-the-various-plant-groups-to-3nw3fh04.png Fig. 4 Relative contribution (%) of the various plant groups to the total number of seedlings germinated for a herbaceous species (monocots, dicots); b dominant woody shrubs (Cistus spp. and R. officinalis), in early (ES) and late (LS) summer, before (-) and after (?) fire https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cumulative-germination-through-time-under-three-p48jxnf1.png Fig. 3 Cumulative germination (%) through time under three periods of germination simulating autumn, winter, and spring, for soils collected in early (ES) and late (LS) summer, before (-) and after (?) fire, for a woody species; b herbaceous species; and c species richness https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-se-time-weeks-to-reach-50-of-the-total-ji1e3lmr.png Table 3 Average (±SE) time (weeks) to reach 50% of the total germination (T50) during the simulated-autumn period from soils collected in early (ES) and late (LS) summer, before and after fire, and for various groups of species https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-box-plots-of-a-maximum-soil-surface-temperatures-2rrgjfly.png Fig. 2 Box plots of: a maximum soil surface temperatures reached during fire; b time of residence (min) at or above 100 C during the experimental fires carried out in early (ES) and late (LS) summer in a seeder-dominated Mediterranean shrubland at Los Puntales. The boxes show the mean (solid line), quartiles, 5 and 95% ranges (error bars) and extreme values (outliers-open circles) https://scispace.com/papers/sol-gel-synthesis-and-formation-mechanism-of-ultrahigh-27xohkgne0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-for-hfb2-synthesis-32dx2lwo.png Figure 1: Flowchart for HfB2 synthesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-tga-dsc-of-hbec-and-hbac-precursor-powders-n4erjl1h.png Figure 13: TGA/DSC of HBeC and HBaC precursor powders https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrd-patterns-of-the-hbec-precursor-powder-heated-3k9iu01z.png Figure 4: XRD patterns of the HBeC precursor powder heated from 600 oC to 1500oC with a 0.1 h dwell https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compositions-investigated-for-hfb2-synthesis-3nlhdfck.png Table 1: Compositions investigated for HfB2 synthesis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tga-dsc-of-precursor-powder-hbec-1ak83d3o.png Figure 3: TGA/DSC of precursor powder HBeC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ftir-of-precursor-powder-hbc-3jr1kn46.png Figure 2: FTIR of precursor powder HBC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-fegsem-of-hbec-calcined-at-1300-oc-for-25-h-rf7kk2r6.png Figure 8: a) FEGSEM of HBeC calcined at 1300 oC for 25 h showing rod shaped particles, b) FIB and EBSD image of ‘a’ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-xrd-patterns-of-the-hc-precursor-powder-heated-1al7ysx3.png Figure 10: XRD patterns of the HC precursor powder heated from 600oC to 1500oC with a 0.1 h dwell https://scispace.com/papers/solar-to-hydrogen-peroxide-conversion-of-photocatalytic-4u7je7i5mw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2tqyebs0.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-324ncrgo.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2x0d0u1l.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4hmgh7vv.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/solar-reforming-of-carbon-dioxide-to-produce-diesel-fuel-3zxa5zbzp1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-matrix-of-kinetic-catalyst-tests-3sjw4l3h.png Table 4 – Matrix of Kinetic Catalyst Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41-combination-reforming-test-1-1r2lrzm2.png Figure 41 – Combination Reforming Test 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-66-gas-storage-array-for-demonstration-system-285e8il0.png Figure 66 - Gas storage array for Demonstration System https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-mass-and-energy-balance-for-unit-operation-05-34a20hx8.png Table 14 - Mass and Energy Balance for Unit Operation 05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-29-optimization-of-cobalt-based-f-t-catalysts-a-36lhh9r0.png Table 29 - Optimization of Cobalt-based F-T Catalysts - A Summary of Findings from Patents and Papers50 https://scispace.com/figures/table-25-specifications-of-the-testo-350-emissions-analyzer-35nks6lj.png Table 25 - Specifications of the Testo 350 Emissions Analyzer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-80-product-distribution-and-alpha-for-cobalt-and-iron-2lo5sc83.png Figure 80 - Product Distribution and Alpha for Cobalt and Iron Catalysts (“Natural Gas Production, Processing and Transport” by Rojey, et. al) ........................................... 133  Figure 81 - Effect of Cobalt Loading on the Activity of an Alumina Supported Fischer- https://scispace.com/figures/figure-78-eastern-seaboard-project-sites-1-mile-from-salt-2npmgr9q.png Figure 78 – Eastern Seaboard Project Sites < 1 Mile from Salt Water ......................................... 96  Figure 79 – LCA System Boundary for the Sunexus ™ Commercial Plant to convert https://scispace.com/papers/solid-polymer-electrolytes-from-copolymers-based-on-vinyl-zk33z5lyvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-conditions-and-results-molar-masses-pwqp1f95.png Table 1. Experimental conditions and results (molar masses, dispersities, and thermal properties) of the radical copolymerisation of VDF with VDMP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tga-thermograms-of-poly-vdf-co-vdmp-copolymers-p1-2qtavhd3.png Figure 1. TGA thermograms of poly(VDF-co-VDMP) copolymers (P1-P3, Table 1), heated at 10 °C min −1 under air. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-linear-sweep-voltammetry-performed-on-the-spes-1tj5g2x0.png Figure 6. Linear sweep voltammetry performed on the SPEs prepared from P1, P2 and P3 with VDMP/Li + 2:1 molar ratio at a scan rate of 1 mV/s. Flammability tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-flammability-tests-performed-on-the-spes-films-11dvlr9x.png Figure 7. Flammability tests performed on the SPEs films derived from P1, P2 and P3 copolymers with VDMP/Li + 2:1 molar ratio versus time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ionic-conductivities-measured-at-different-1l4i7drj.png Figure 4. Ionic conductivities measured at different temperatures for the three investigated poly(VDF-co-VDMP) copolymers added with LiTFSI with VDMP/Li + 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-dependence-of-the-ionic-conductivity-2tkb94la.png Figure 5. Temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity for the investigated SPEs using the VFT model. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-fat-content-of-vegetable-oils-and-simulation-of-2ksizb67qj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-vs-experimental-solid-fat-content-for-350f7gng.png Fig. 4. Calculated vs. experimental Solid Fat Content for binary blends and pure systems composed of PO–SFO–PKO before chemical interesterification reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-the-comparative-results-for-the-blends-after-bn1zojo2.png Table 2 shows the comparative results for the blends after chemical interesterification reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-vs-experimental-solid-fat-content-for-2vu32ysq.png Fig. 5. Calculated vs. experimental Solid Fat Content for binary blends and pure systems composed of PO–SFO–PKO after chemical interesterification reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-theoretical-ternary-diagrams-for-the-blends-composed-donoldmi.png Fig. 6. Theoretical ternary diagrams for the blends composed of PO–SFO–PKO at 10 °C before (left) and after (right) reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-from-fundamental-variables-to-consumers-desired-2d1qrr3o.png Fig. 1. From fundamental variables to consumers’ desired attributes: the role of Solid Fat Content. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-calculated-mass-fraction-of-each-tag-present-in-the-23fftpas.png Fig. 3. (a) Calculated mass fraction of each TAG present in the blend PO–SFO–PKO (1–1–1) before and after reaction. (b) Number of TAGs and corresponding mass fraction of the blend PO–SFO–PKO (1–1–1) before and after reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ternary-diagram-with-231-points-in-which-the-solid-1jer1v3k.png Fig. 2. Ternary diagram with 231 points in which the Solid–liquid Equilibrium problem is solved. Blend PO–SFO–PKO. https://scispace.com/papers/solid-solid-phase-transitions-and-tert-butyl-and-methyl-1vkyjb5t3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-crystal-structure-of-135-tri-t-butylbenzene-ttb-in-wdsqtxko.png Fig. 2. The crystal structure of 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene (TTB) in the 100 plane in the lowtemperature triclinic phase as seen by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K (see Table 1). C atoms are black and H atoms are red. (a) Full molecules and (b) with methyl groups deleted leaving only the aromatic ring and quaternary C atoms. The solid lines are the unit cell. There are four molecules per unit cell as shown (Z = 4). Only whole molecules are shown. Where parts of molecules project out of the unit cell, the same parts of other molecules project into the unit cell from the opposite face. The asymmetric unit is two molecules (Z' = 2); either the two on the left or the two on the right. The molecular structure is shown in Fig. 1 and the difference between the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-crystal-structure-of-135-tri-t-butylbenzene-ttb-in-anbgfgl0.png Fig. 3. The crystal structure of 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene (TTB) in the high-temperature monoclinic phase seen by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The projections are (a) the (100), (b) the (010), and (c) the (001) planes and the solid lines are the unit cell. The unit cell angles are 90O, 90O, and 90.29O so the unit cell (monoclinic) is almost orthorhombic. There are eight molecules per unit cell (Z = 8) as shown. Only whole molecules are shown and all methyl groups have been eliminated for clarity, so only aromatic ring and quaternary C atoms remain. Where parts of molecules project out of the unit cell, the same parts of other molecules project into the unit cell from the opposite face. The asymmetric unit is a single molecule (Z' = 1). The t-butyl groups are disordered meaning that each t-butyl group should be thought of as being a linear combination of one orientation (as shown by any one of the three t-butyl groups in the molecule shown in Fig. 1) and another rotated by 60O. Such t-butyl groups can be thought of (quantum mechanically speaking) as having six half-methyl groups. This also means that the dominant component of the intermolecular potential has 6-fold https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-1h-spin-lattice-exponential-relaxation-rate-r-1peokgqh.png Fig. 6. The 1H spin-lattice exponential relaxation rate R versus temperature T in 0.7 g samples of 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene (TTB): [8.50 MHz {● (blue)} (Ref. 14 and this work), 22.5 MHz {◆ (red)} (this work), and 53.0 MHz {■ (black)} (Ref. 14 and this work)]. All samples were recycled three times between 77 and 293-299 K ("thrice cycled") over a one-hour period prior to 6-15 measurements over 10-16 hours. The uncertainty bars are within the size of the symbols. The https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-155-k-solid-solid-phase-transition-on-decreasing-1ijlgf7j.png Fig. 5. The 155 K solid-solid phase transition (on decreasing temperature for a first time from room temperature or following a melt) in 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene (TTB). The smooth blue line in the 19 mg powder sample is the same as the blue transition labeled A in Fig. 4 (a). The red line with several individual peaks is the same transition with the same thermal history in a 4.7 mg polycrystalline sample. The terms 'powder' and 'polycrystalline' are discussed in Section 2.3. In both cases, the scans were 5K/min. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-various-1h-spin-lattice-relaxation-rates-versus-36bkfsz9.png Fig. 9. Various 1H spin-lattice relaxation rates versus temperature T in 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene (TTB) at an NMR frequency of 53.0 MHz. RS [● (red)] is the initial 1H spin-lattice relaxation rate in a nonexponential relaxation process and R [■ (green)] is the relaxation rate in an exponential relaxation process. The samples had been at room temperature for days or weeks (thermal preparation 3) or had been at 77 K for many hours (thermal preparation 4). In both cases, the https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystal-data-and-structure-refinement-for-135-tri-t-2a55kn7i.png Table 1. Crystal data and structure refinement for 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene; the monoclinic phase at 175 K and the triclinic phase at 100 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-an-example-of-a-double-exponential-1h-magnetization-2uqz92bf.png Fig. 8. An example of a double exponential 1H magnetization relaxation curve https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-molecule-135-tri-t-butylbenzene-ttb-c-atoms-are-1ed2pdu4.png Fig. 1. The molecule 1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene (TTB). C atoms are black and H atoms are red. The structure shown is that of the molecule seen by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K in the https://scispace.com/papers/solid-state-speciation-of-interlayer-anions-in-layered-2fx6dxbrlx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-as-synthesized-ldh-materials-with-13qgrbk5.png Table 1 Properties of the as-synthesized LDH materials, with x the fraction of metals present as Al. 603 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-atr-ftir-spectra-figure-a-and-xrd-patterns-figure-b-3ltq8ir8.png Figure 2 ATR-FTIR spectra (Figure a) and XRD patterns (Figure b) of the as-synthesized LDHs, of the LDHs obtained after 619 incubation in a 20 mM PO4, and of the as-synthesized and PO4 exchanged LDHs (20 mM) after incubation in 3 mM CO3. The 620 interlayer spacing, calculated from the position of the (003) reflection in the XRD patterns, is given for each material. 621 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-modelled-anion-population-on-the-aec-of-as-17x6s8am.png Figure 6 The modelled anion population on the AEC of as-synthesized LDH12(2) (top) and LDH10(2) (bottom) after 642 equilibration in PO4 solutions (1, 6, 20 mM), relative to a constant solution pH. The AEC used in these calculations was 14.4 643 mmol L-1 for LDH12(2) and 15.5 mmol L-1 for LDH10(2), which is derived from the measured AEC of the as-synthesized LDHs 644 and the L:S ratio used in the P uptake experiments. 645 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-figure-a-the-final-ph-of-the-po4-solutions-after-3akrmlk9.png Figure 5 Figure a: The final pH of the PO4 solutions (after 24h incubation) as a function of the initial PO4 concentration; error 635 bars denote standard deviation (N=3) but are sometimes smaller than the symbol size and not visible. Figure b: The final pH 636 of the CO3 solutions (after 480 h incubation) given for each incubated materials. error bars represent the standard deviation 637 (N=2). The modelled equilibrium pH of both the PO4 uptake reaction (Figure c) and the PO4 release reaction (Figure d), based 638 on the initial anion solution concentrations and the initial anion exchange complex population of LDH10(2) and LDH12(2). 639 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-uptake-of-co3-and-the-release-of-po4-and-no3-by-xkcsvvtw.png Figure 7 The uptake of CO3 and the release of PO4 and NO3 by the as-synthesized (AS) LDH10(2) and LDH12(2) materials 648 (Figure a and b), and the materials obtained after treatment in 3 mM (Figure c and d) and 20 mM (Figure e and f) PO4 649 solutions, presented as a function of the incubation time. Error bars denote standard deviation (N=2) but are sometimes 650 smaller than the symbol size and not visible. The modelled anion uptake and release at equilibrium are presented by the 651 white data points. 652 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-modelled-equilibrium-conditions-of-ldh-hoyvf76h.png Table 3 The modelled equilibrium conditions of LDH incubation in a CO3 solution. The incubated LDH material was preincubated in solutions with varying PO4 concentrations followed by 609 desorption with a CO3 solution. The speciation of the anions on the LDH phase is presented as a fraction of the AEC. 610 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-molar-no3-content-in-the-as-synthesized-ldh12-2-2dhbnas4.png Figure 4 The molar NO3- content in the as-synthesized LDH12(2) and LDH10(2), and the molar PO4 content of those LDHs 630 after incubation in 20 mM PO4, relative to the molar Al content of the material. The different lines indicate the maximal 631 content for anions with formal valence of 1, 2 or 3 assuming that each Al3+ confers one equivalent charge per g of LDH. 632 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-modelled-equilibrium-conditions-of-ldh-1brp6pse.png Table 2 The modelled equilibrium conditions of LDH incubation in PO4 solutions with varying concentration. The speciation of the anions on the LDH phase is presented as a fraction of the AEC. 606 https://scispace.com/papers/solution-of-a-class-of-the-first-kind-singular-integral-2gzik6vynp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-exact-and-approximate-solutions-in-1yq8f9lm.png Table 1. Comparison of the exact and approximate solutions in the class h0 × h0. https://scispace.com/papers/solution-landscape-of-a-reduced-landau-de-gennes-model-on-a-rl073pvdgv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-transition-pathways-between-stable-states-2z623bgy.png FIG. 8: The transition pathways between stable states including two T, six M and three P solutions at λ2 = 600. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-parent-states-of-the-solution-1wgop3nh.png FIG. 10: Comparison of the parent states of the solution landscapes on the square (a) and the hexagon (b). The domain size λ2 = 5, 70, 150, and 600, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-four-typical-solutions-ring-bd-m-and-p-at-l2-600-the-2td1um2g.png FIG. 2: Four typical solutions: Ring, BD, M, and P at λ2 = 600. The color encodes the 2D nematic order, P 211 +P 2 12, and blue represents low nematic order manifested as defects. The white lines follow the planar nematic director. All subsequent figures have the same color bar for nematic order. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-solution-landscape-at-l2-600-b-the-configurations-20hvf81h.png FIG. 5: (a) Solution landscape at λ2 = 600. (b) The configurations corresponding to (a). (c) The triangle part of T solution on a hexagonal domain Ω and stable Ring solution on a triangle domain with λ2 = 450. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-solution-landscape-starting-from-the-h-solution-all-xfunjrb5.png FIG. 9: Solution landscape starting from the H solution. All local minima such as Tleft, P36, M26, M35, P25, and Tright are connected by the index-8 H solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-solution-landscape-of-the-td-class-b-the-2j5i8tyj.png FIG. 7: (a) Solution landscape of the TD class. (b) The corresponding configurations of the TD class and plots of |P−PTD|, where P is any solution in the TD class, and PTD is the index-3 TD solution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-solution-landscape-at-l2-70-index-2-ring-is-the-parent-szkn46ek.png FIG. 3: Solution landscape at λ2 = 70. Index-2 Ring is the parent state and connects to three index-1 BD solutions along its unstable directions. Each BD solution connects to two P minima along BD’s single unstable direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hexagonal-domain-1bcb54by.png FIG. 1: hexagonal domain https://scispace.com/papers/solubility-of-anthracene-in-ternary-dibutyl-ether-alcohol-2-4yakm7vxu3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summarized-comparison-between-observed-anthracene-2sr9tk5a.png Table 3. Summarized Comparison between Observed Anthracene Solubilities in Ternary Dibutyl Ether + Alcohol + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Solvent Mixtures and Predicted Values Based upon the Combined NIMS/Redlich-Kister Equation 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-combined-nibs-redlich-kister-parameters-calculated-pfafomyv.png Table 2. Combined NIBS/Redlich-Kister Parameters Calculated from Anthracene Solubilities in the Subbinary Solvent Systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-mole-fraction-solubilities-of-3adt3d0q.png Table 1. Experimental Mole Fraction Solubilities of Anthracene (xA sat) in Ternary Dibutyl Ether (B) + Alcohol (C) + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (D) Solvent Mixtures at 298.15 K https://scispace.com/papers/solving-multi-objective-aeroassisted-spacecraft-trajectory-4tmz830h46 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-path-constraint-results-evro7zpb.png Table 3. Path constraint results https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-control-parameters-for-nsga-ii-algorithm-2aeweux9.png Table 1. Control parameters for NSGA-II algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-initial-conditions-and-box-constraints-for-each-kjuvp1fl.png Table 2. Initial conditions and box constraints for each variable https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mission-profile-1p7udsfg.png Figure 1. Mission profile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-pareto-front-obtained-via-extended-nsga-ii-324zyguq.png Figure 4. Pareto front obtained via extended NSGA-II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-pareto-front-obtained-via-extended-nsga-ii-2qvxs872.png Figure 3. Pareto front obtained via extended NSGA-II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aerodynamic-forces-2sz3w5wx.png Figure 2. Aerodynamic forces https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pareto-front-obtained-via-extended-nsga-ii-9qdc9sns.png Figure 5. Pareto front obtained via extended NSGA-II https://scispace.com/papers/solving-multi-objective-voltage-stability-constrained-power-58uau24vzv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-machine-9-bus-system-3nld5iet.png Figure 1. 3-machine 9-bus system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histogram-of-vsc-ttc-mw-with-25-1-pu-9-bus-system-3mrkym38.png Figure 5. Histogram of VSC-TTC [MW] with 25.1 [pu] (9-bus system) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-p-v-curves-of-bus-9-9-bus-system-23s3fouv.png Figure 6. P-V curves of bus 9 (9-bus system) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-approximated-pareto-optimal-front-of-vsc-ttc-g6y7pdhf.png Figure 12. Approximated pareto-optimal front of VSC-TTC problem (IEEE 118-bus system) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-statistics-of-vsc-ttc-50-trials-25-1-pu-1phhjw62.png Table 4. Statistics of VSC-TTC (50 trials, 25.1 [pu]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-convergence-characteristics-of-pso-based-vsc-ttc-9-zv9lbmdt.png Figure 4. Convergence characteristics of PSO-based VSC-TTC (9-bus system) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-particle-of-50-vsc-ttc-trials-25-1-pu-20e2qz8q.png Table 3. Best Particle of 50 VSC-TTC trials ( 25.1 [pu]) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistics-of-opf-ttc-50-trials-2hc3bxvy.png Table 5. Statistics of OPF-TTC (50 trials) https://scispace.com/papers/solving-the-tcp-incast-problem-with-application-level-1jyruczq9j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-traditional-example-hpokwau5.png TABLE I TRADITIONAL EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-goodput-for-different-numbers-of-servers-with-a-fixed-3pka6vmv.png Fig. 6. Goodput for different numbers of servers with a fixed 10 KB SRU size: (a) small data center; (b) large data center. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-goodput-for-different-numbers-of-servers-with-varying-140msk4v.png Fig. 7. Goodput for different numbers of servers with varying SRU size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cluster-based-storage-system-3ld65izc.png Fig. 1. Cluster-based storage system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-goodput-for-different-switch-buffer-sizes-3eibysku.png Fig. 8. Goodput for different switch buffer sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-goodput-at-a-typical-data-center-for-different-3o7o9fd6.png Fig. 9. The goodput at a Typical Data Center for different timer granularities: (a) theoretical results for different numbers of servers; (b) comparison with simulation results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-illustrating-example-3dgjm83m.png TABLE II ILLUSTRATING EXAMPLE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schedule-of-server-responses-2rh02k51.png Fig. 2. Schedule of server responses. https://scispace.com/papers/somatic-uniparental-disomy-mitigates-the-most-damaging-efl1-4d1woa3w67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-efl1-is-required-for-rp-synthesis-a-schematic-diagram-1d89yk5l.png Fig. 6. EFL1 is required for RP synthesis. a Schematic diagram of the RNA expression analysis from K562 ribosomal fractions. b Volcano plot of the genes that were differentially enriched in the 80S fraction compared to the 40S fraction (left). GO analysis of the 248 downregulated genes (right). Red dots depict RP genes (GO:0022625 and GO:0022627, n = 118). c Fold change of 80S enriched genes normalized by 40S, depicted against transcriptome. Red; significantly downregulated RP genes in (b). Blue; other RP genes. d Fractions of 40S-, 80Sor polysome-bound RNAs for RP genes (n = 108, left), TP53 target genes (n = 51, middle) and all other genes (n = 11,812, right) are displayed. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, *. P = 4.7 x 10-14, **. P = 1.5 x 10-26. All other test P-values > 0.05. e Consensus sequence profile of downregulated RP gene 5’ UTRs, deducing a TOP sequence. Rel. seq. cons. denotes relative sequence conservation from the MEME run. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coverage-depths-and-allele-frequencies-of-efl1-1ff10nqx.png Table 1. Coverage depths and allele frequencies of EFL1 variants 586 https://scispace.com/papers/somatotype-and-body-composition-of-normal-and-dysphonic-4m2ebaccbw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vocal-acoustic-characterization-of-normal-and-1v9x4f4q.png TABLE 2. Vocal Acoustic Characterization of Normal and Dysphonic Speakers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-measures-of-demographic-variables-of-fzejonpw.png TABLE 3. Descriptive Measures of Demographic Variables of Subjects According to Sex (N = 72) https://scispace.com/papers/some-aspects-of-the-adsorption-of-a-lennard-jones-gas-on-a-2a81d0rlhn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-examples-of-the-fluid-density-profiles-at-t-0-9-part-a-1tthblmo.png FIG. 2. Examples of the fluid density profiles at T* 0.9. Part a is for m 0 0.12. The solid lines give two coexisting profiles at b 0.011 05; the dashed lines from bottom to top are for b 0.001 and 0.0113, respectively. Part b is for m 0 0 solid lines from bottom to top are for b 0.001, 0.01, and 0.001 105 and for m 0 0.15 and b 001 32 dashed line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-adsorption-isotherms-at-t-0-9-for-the-matrix-densities-38blnqln.png FIG. 1. Adsorption isotherms at T* 0.9 for the matrix densities 0, 0.12, and 0.15. The dotted vertical line gives the bulk vapor coexistence density. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-phase-diagram-the-dashed-line-is-the-bulk-phase-3dz29a7w.png FIG. 3. Phase diagram. The dashed line is the bulk phase diagram, whereas solid line is the wetting line, terminating at the surface critical temperature, TSC . https://scispace.com/papers/some-bi-hamiltonian-equations-in-r-3-jbja87upjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-examples-of-hamiltonian-systems-given-in-the-text-in-3p25epks.png TABLE I. Examples of Hamiltonian systems given in the text. In each example we give a HamiltonianH and a Poisson structureJ @J is given in terms ofm, C by Eq. ~4!#. https://scispace.com/papers/some-experiments-on-the-effects-of-animal-hormones-on-plants-20tv856aez 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tomato-plant-after-treatment-with-glandubolin-4lq3ueyp.png Fig. 1. Tomato plant after treatment with ' Glandubolin ' (oestrogenic hormone, preparation). The hormone solution was absorbed at the petiolar stump X. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-39ls7itq.png Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-3tdj485f.png Table V. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-13hpih87.png Table III. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-337b40ar.png Table IV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2b6x1snb.png Table I. https://scispace.com/papers/some-principles-to-optimise-an-additively-manufactured-multi-22b5w0gv75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-between-one-usual-to-and-multiple-to-23ki3g21.png Figure 2. Comparison between one usual TO and multiple TO considering new BC on a multi-component design https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-feature-which-impacts-the-highest-number-of-2qeanpxo.png Table 1. Feature which impacts the highest number of mechanical equations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inertia-and-mass-sensibility-evaluation-pfdyqlxk.png Table 2. Inertia and mass sensibility evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-boundary-conditions-applied-on-a-part-1-b-part-2-c-174gf6tg.png Figure 7. Boundary conditions applied on (a) Part 1, (b) Part 2, (c) Part 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-each-path-and-comparison-between-using-a-jahjjq4g.png Table 6. Results of each path and comparison between using a single topological optimization and using the TOL https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-optimization-results-for-path-2-2knifynx.png Table 4. Optimization results for path 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-optimization-results-for-path-3-3t8fftu3.png Table 5. Optimization results for path 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-case-study-robot-arm-bone-et-al-1984-1qozlqbq.png Figure 5. Case study: robot arm (Bône et al., 1984) https://scispace.com/papers/some-problems-of-correcting-the-zero-point-energy-problem-in-4em9oz247t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-configuration-space-projections-of-representative-1u7k2m6e.png Fig. 3. Configuration-space projections of representative unconstrained and constrained (panels (a) and (b), respectively) classical trajectories. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-dependent-harmonic-mode-energies-for-the-b5q70j2a.png Fig. 1. Time-dependent harmonic mode energies for the unconstrained and constrained classical mechanics (panels (a ) and (b ) , respectively), and for the quantum-mechanical calculation (panel (c). The results are for the “ground state” of the Hamiltonian with A = 1/7x. The classical results are averages of 100 trajectories. https://scispace.com/papers/some-remarks-on-the-discovery-of-244-md-45i43c3x96 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-summary-of-decays-attributed-to-245md-in-ref-3-squares-75wdktji.png FIG. 1. Summary of decays attributed to 245Md in Ref. [3] (squares) as well as in Ref. [2] (triangles) together with data reported by Pore et al. [1] [circles: events attributed to 245Md by the present authors, diamonds: events attributed to 245Fm or (tentatively) to 246Md]. The dashed lines are to guide the eyes: the red lines represent the α energies given for 245Md (8640, 8680 keV) in Ref. [3] and the energy given for 244Md (8663 keV) in Ref. [1]; the blue lines represent the α energy for 241Es (8113 keV) given in Ref. [3] and the highest daughter energy (P5) in Ref. [1]; the purple line represents the literature value of the α energy of 241Cf (7335 keV) [6]. The orange hatched area marks the range of α energies where the events attributed to 244Md in Ref. [2] were observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-excitation-function-for-40ar-th-209bi-the-energies-303pk2fn.png FIG. 2. Excitation function for 40Ar þ 209Bi. The energies refer to production in the center of the target. The error bars for the energies refer to the energy loss of 40Ar ions in the bismuth targets [12]. Systematic errors in the accelerator energy are typically 0.2% for the UNILAC accelerator and are neglected. For the data of Pore et al. [1] an energy loss of ≈12.5 MeV in the titanium backing foil [12] is considered. No systematic error for the accelerator energy is given by Pore et al. Lines are the result of HIVAP [8] calculations; full lines represent xn channels, dashed lines represent pxn channels. Points are defined in the figure. The arrow marks the energy reported in Ref. [1] for the observation of 247Md. https://scispace.com/papers/soot-catalyzed-atmospheric-reactions-1vam0yh535 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-normalized-rate-of-s04-formation-in-wet-soot-1lyrps7g.png Figure 3. The normalized rate of S04 formation in wet soot droplets vs. S02' The open circles and the solid line drawn through the circles were obtained from fog chamber data. The family of curves labelled pH = 2 through pHO = o . 7 was calculated from the equation https://scispace.com/papers/sorghum-dwarfing-genes-can-affect-radiation-capture-and-2egru3wpj2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-fraction-of-intercepted-radiation-li-versus-cumulative-3mgexbyb.png Fig. 3. Fraction of intercepted radiation (LI) versus cumulative leaf area index (LAI) from the top of the canopy for isogenic pairs of (a) R931945-2-2 and (b) R955637 (b) in Experiment 2. Data points are LI versus cumulative LAI for each canopy stratum https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-k-values-from-the-fit-of-eq-2-li-limax-1-24mtgkef.png Table 3 Estimated k values from the fit of Eq. (2) LI = LImax(1–exp(−k × LAI)) to treatments in Experiment 2, number of samples (N) and confidence interval. Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-effect-of-presence-of-dw3-on-biomass-versus-effect-of-1ns8hbz1.png Fig. 2. Effect of presence of dw3 on biomass versus effect of presence of dw3 on radiation use efficiency for each genetic background by experiment combination (pre-anthesis data). The effect in each case is presented as percent change relative t y p https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-plant-height-total-leaf-area-index-lai-at-6k2jvoy3.png Table 1 Total plant height, total leaf area index (LAI) at anthesis, LAI of tillers, intercepted radiation accumulated by anthesis (LI) and pre-anthesis radiation use efficiency (RUE) for pairs of isogenic sorghum genotypes differing in the number of dwarfing genes and grown in three field experiments. Two 1-dwarf genotypes (CSH13R and RS29) were grown in Exp2 only, but were not included in the cross experimental data analysis. Values shown for those two genotypes are replicate means. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-presence-of-dw3-on-light-interception-li-1hss2y9f.png Fig. 1. Effect of presence of dw3 on light interception (LI), leaf area index (LAI), radiation use efficiency (RUE) and shoot biomass at anthesis for each genetic background by experiment combination. The effect in each case is presented as percent change relative to the 2-dwarf. Shoot biomass data have been published previously (George-Jaeggli et al., 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summarised-p-values-for-main-effects-of-experiment-e-1tsmvdxg.png Table 2 Summarised P-values for main effects of experiment (E), genetic background (B), and stature (S) and their interactions from REML mixed model analysis across the three field experiments for each trait. https://scispace.com/papers/sorption-of-copper-by-chemically-modified-aspen-wood-fibers-1ga8jn8nv7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cu2-sorption-isotherms-by-utr-untreated-n-bl-bleached-256n39ly.png Fig. 4. Cu2+ sorption isotherms by UTR (untreated, N), BL (bleached, ), HHY (high temperature hydrolyzed, }) wood fibers and CEL (cellulose, 4). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-solid-state-13c-nmr-spectra-of-utr-untreated-bl-1jtzhs4z.png Fig. 1. Solid-state 13C NMR spectra of UTR (untreated), BL (bleached), HHY (high temperature hydrolyzed) wood fibers, CEL (cellulose) and LIG (lignin). Aliphatic C (0–109 ppm), aromatic C (109–163 ppm) and COOH/C@O (163–220 ppm). https://scispace.com/papers/sorry-we-re-closed-bank-branch-closures-loan-pricing-and-1mhn1yj77e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-roc-curve-for-the-branch-closure-prediction-model-251ilcuc.png Figure 6. ROC Curve for the Branch Closure Prediction Model The figure above shows the ROC curve for the branch closure prediction probit model (appendix 2). The AUC is 0.8070 and is significantly different from 0 at the 5% significance level. We performed 1,000 replications and clustered at the branch level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-probability-of-branch-closure-1fk9fkn5.png Table IX Probability of Branch Closure https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-spreads-between-interest-rates-on-switching-or-zlt1arad.png Table VII Spreads between Interest Rates on Switching or First Transfer Loans, Given by Other Branches of the Inside Bank that Close a Branch, and Matched Nonswitching Loans Given by the Outside Bank When the Closest Branch of the Inside Bank Closes https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-spreads-between-interest-rates-on-switching-or-339dkza3.png Table XI Spreads between Interest Rates on Switching or Transfer Loans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-switching-vs-nonswitching-loans-at-the-switchers-2so4yvu9.png Figure 4. Switching vs. nonswitching loans at the switcher’s inside bank. The figure displays the analysis in Table IV (Columns I and II), where we compare the loan rate of the switching loan with comparable non-switching new loans from the switcher’s inside banks at the time of the switch, as in Ioannidou and Ongena (2010). The loan granted by Bank 3 to Firm A is the switching loan; all other loans are nonswitching loans. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-selected-characteristics-of-first-and-later-1otl5e7d.png Table II Selected Characteristics of First and Later Transfer Loans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-residual-maturity-of-relationships-with-the-inside-1po24jkb.png Figure 3. Residual maturity of relationships with the inside bank. The figure displays the distribution of firms that switch banks according to the residual maturity of their inside bank loans. When firms have more than one loan with the inside bank(s) we use the shortest residual maturity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-xv-differences-in-loan-conditions-on-transfer-loans-2h3zcd6a.png Table XV Differences in Loan Conditions on Transfer Loans and Matched Nonswitching Loans Given by the Outside Bank https://scispace.com/papers/sorting-and-agglomeration-economies-in-french-economics-1gw5wd6jsi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determinants-of-individual-publications-1f33dzot.png Table 1 Determinants of individual publications. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-the-detrended-logarithm-of-individual-1pniraeh.png Fig. 2. Distribution of the (detrended logarithm of) individual publication quality in departments above and below median field presence. Notes: Panel (a): Net of time and field fixed effects only. Panel (b): Net of time and field fixed effects and observed individual characteristics (gender, age and its square, position, number of authors per publication, overall field diversity, co-authors located abroad). Publication measures and individual characteristics are defined in Section 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variance-analysis-of-the-individual-publication-k6b0av4k.png Table 2 Variance analysis of the individual publication quality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distribution-of-the-detrended-logarithm-of-individual-6j60v2z1.png Fig. 1. Distribution of the (detrended logarithm of) individual publication quality in departments above and below median total number of publications. Notes: Panel (a): Net of time and field fixed effects only. Panel (b): Net of time and field fixed effects and observed individual characteristics (gender, age and age squared, position, number of authors per publication, overall field diversity, co-authors located abroad). Publication measures and individual characteristics are defined in Section 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variance-analysis-of-the-determinants-of-department-3vku6esw.png Table 4 Variance analysis of the determinants of department fixed effects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effects-of-department-characteristics-2i7f4mxk.png Table 3 The effects of department characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/sound-propagation-through-a-forest-a-predictive-model-4vtvfwtqtp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-comparison-of-forest-measurements-to-gfpe-model-n0gtx1v2.png Figure 12: Comparison of forest measurements to GFPE model, 174 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-relative-di-erences-between-scattering-wavenumbers-3jewxlj5.png Figure 4: Relative di¤erences between scattering wavenumbers and unobtruded wavenumber https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-ks-plotted-as-a-2l0fbg92.png Figure 3: Real and imaginary parts of ks plotted as a function of frequency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-forest-gfpe-at-400-hz-upwind-and-downwind-cases-1w8gfzrk.png Figure 8: Forest GFPE at 400 Hz, upwind and downwind cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-forest-gfpe-at-1000-hz-upwind-and-downwind-cases-2wyl9b7w.png Figure 9: Forest GFPE at 1000 Hz, upwind and downwind cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-geometry-of-the-model-2hvpxsyf.png Figure 1: Geometry of the model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-forest-gfpe-at-40-hz-upwind-and-downwind-cases-m531g954.png Figure 7: Forest GFPE at 40 Hz, upwind and downwind cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-comparison-of-open-eld-measurements-with-gfpe-2zmgw3v4.png Figure 13: Comparison of open eld measurements with GFPE model, 174 m. https://scispace.com/papers/sorting-based-on-urban-heritage-and-income-evidence-from-the-2ke3faphzp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-second-step-results-2-of-3-mean-indirect-utility-24pyzel0.png Table 3.2 Second step results (2 of 3): Mean indirect utility for each income group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-second-step-results-1-of-3-mean-indirect-utility-1kbcchh8.png Table 3.1 Second step results (1 of 3): Mean indirect utility for each income group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-1-amsterdam-and-surrounding-municipalities-note-the-e20blqc5.png Fig. A.1. Amsterdam and surrounding municipalities. Note: The thick red lines show show the boundaries of the administrative neighborhoods within each municipality. T that have been used as choice alternatives within our modelling framework. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-impact-of-cultural-heritage-on-house-prices-and-1q3hau3s.png Fig. 2. The impact of cultural heritage on house prices and shares of high income households per neighborhood. Note: The Figure compares the actual situation with the one predicted by the model in case cultural heritage were equally distributed among all neighbourhoods in the area. House prices are standardized to make comparison between areas possible. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-marginal-willingness-to-pay-results-30irdwle.png Table 4 Marginal willingness-to-pay results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-household-and-choice-2ljiu4st.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics household and choice alternative characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-d-1-first-step-results-for-renters-deviations-from-7cq9thhq.png Table D.1 First step results for renters: Deviations from mean indirect utility https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-second-step-results-3-of-3-mean-indirect-utility-1hj7onyz.png Table 3.3 Second step results (3 of 3): Mean indirect utility for each income group. https://scispace.com/papers/sources-of-particulate-matter-air-pollution-and-its-g7x2ejrrzh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pm-and-opv-sources-at-rural-and-urban-sites-2szlk0l3.png Fig. 1 | PM and OPv sources at rural and urban sites. Contributions of metal (crustal, vehicular wear, residential heating) and OA (SCOA, HOA, COA, BBOA, aSOA, bioSOA) sources and other PM components to DTTPM10 v and DTTPM2.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-source-segregated-exposures-to-pm10-and-opvpm10-their-8den6zgu.png Fig. 3 | Source-segregated exposures to PM10 and OPvPM10, their dependence on population density, and historical and projected emissions. a, Contributions of aerosol sources and components to the total PM, DTT, DCFH and AA exposure for both PM10 and PM2.5 in Europe (relative contribution to respective exposure and absolute exposure). Exposures are computed as population-integrated amount of OPv or PM in inhaled ambient air accumulated over a full year. Error bars depict the range between the 25% and 75% quartiles obtained from the Monte Carlo analysis propagating the uncertainty of OPm from the single sources from the multiple linear regression model. b, DTT /PM10PM10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-levels-and-sources-of-pm10-and-dttvpm10-in-europe-opv-3q538o8m.png Fig. 2 | Levels and sources of PM10 and DTTvPM10 in Europe. OPv and PM sources in Europe (only land surface displayed, spatial resolution: 0.25° × 0.125°) for the year 2011. a–d, Concentrations of PM10 (a) and DTT v PM10 (b) are shown, as are sources dominating PM10 mass concentrations (c) and DTT v PM10 (d), including https://scispace.com/papers/southern-roles-in-global-nanotechnology-innovation-4td308ov7v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-australian-interviewees-3so3s06r.png Table 2. Australian Interviewees https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thai-interviewees-1wthmxxs.png Table 1. Thai Interviewees https://scispace.com/papers/sovereignty-and-validity-on-the-relation-between-the-3743rrzpnx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-popular-sovereignty-and-habitual-obedience-2qqtggjq.png Fig. 1 Popular sovereignty and habitual obedience https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-individual-acceptance-28wbbsvz.png Fig. 4 Individual acceptance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-institutional-and-individual-acceptance-1uqqhb92.png Fig. 3 Institutional and individual acceptance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spheres-of-influence-of-popular-sovereignty-36slvjc6.png Fig. 2 Spheres of influence of popular sovereignty https://scispace.com/papers/sovereign-credit-risk-banks-government-support-and-bank-43tmbmh5on 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-government-support-of-banks-29golul8.png Table 4 Determinants of government support of banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-robustness-checks-2l48qzox.png Table 8 Robustness checks https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-sovereign-ratings-events-government-support-own-1obzh2dz.png Table 7 Sovereign ratings events, government support, own-sovereign debt holdings, and banks’ excess https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sovereign-ratings-events-government-support-and-3fs7nw5h.png Table 6 Sovereign ratings events, government support, and banks’ excess returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-1zlptdp5.png Table 11 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-sovereign-ratings-events-government-support-banks-2mjji22s.png Table 10 Sovereign ratings events, government support, banks’ excess returns, and bank characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-government-support-this-figure-shows-median-1succfeg.png Figure 1. Government support. This figure shows median government support for all banks included in the sample. Support is defined as the difference, in rating notches, between a bank’s long term-deposit rating and its standalone rating. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sovereign-rating-events-and-country-equity-indexes-1udwjaaq.png Table 5 Sovereign rating events and country equity indexes https://scispace.com/papers/soybean-spiders-species-composition-population-densities-and-24ms0tinqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-times-of-colonization-and-population-percentages-of-1ssffg19.png Fig. 2.—Times of colonization and population percentages of the six most common spider species found in Illinois soybeans during 1975 and 1976. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-locations-of-five-frequently-collected-spider-species-37y9zu0u.png Fig. 6.—Locations of five frequently collected spider species that had significant changes in location on soybean plants during four times of the day in Illinois during 1975 and 1976. Each percentage value represents the percentage found in each plant zone of the total population of each species. The species are: 1. Tetrignatha laboriosa, 2. Misumenops asperatus, 3. Clubiona abbotii, 4. Phidippus audax, 5. Metaphidippus protervus. https://scispace.com/papers/space-efficient-algorithms-for-computing-the-convex-hull-of-26aefraetl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representing-a-deque-or-two-stacks-in-a-single-array-3sbb6v7u.png Fig. 2. Representing a deque (or two stacks) in a single array. Live and dead elements of one sign are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-the-two-types-of-regions-for-processing-a-point-39evrle3.png Fig. 1. (left) The two types of regions for processing a point in Lee’s algorithm. The points on the stack are in blue, the blue line is L and the red line is L′. (right) The four types of regions for processing a point in Melkman’s algorithm. (Both diagrams courtesy of Greg Aloupis). https://scispace.com/papers/space-matters-understanding-the-real-effects-of-5eogzsv10n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-robustness-exercise-2j6t25re.png Table 2: Results from Robustness Exercise https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-cross-country-average-of-moving-pair-wise-24qwgjtp.png Figure 1: The cross-country average of moving pair-wise correlation for house prices https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dynamic-sdm-and-sar-results-benchmark-case-28mi3a0p.png Table 1: Dynamic SDM and SAR Results: Benchmark Case https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-cross-country-correlations-among-macroeconomic-2boz4mi0.png Figure 2: The cross-country correlations among macroeconomic variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-distribution-of-house-prices-mean-and-35oxduaz.png Figure 3: Spatial Distribution of House Prices: Mean and Standard Deviation https://scispace.com/papers/space-frequency-quantization-for-image-compression-with-3q9ke5an8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-multiscale-grouping-of-wavelet-coefficients-children-1ke7wflu.png Fig. 6. Multiscale grouping of wavelet coefficients. Children are grouped in squares 2 2 and joint to the corresponding parent. The shape of the children groups is not affected by the transform directions. The example shows grouping in the case of the transform directions determined by the vectors (1,0) and (1,1) at the two consequent scales. In the left-hand figure, the coefficients are obtained after two filtering and subsampling steps resulting in the generator matrixM . In the right-hand figure, the children-coefficients are obtained after only one https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-compression-of-boat-a-the-original-image-b-c-the-3q2q95on.png Fig. 15. Compression of Boat. (a) The original image. (b), (c) The image is compressed using the adaptive SFQ with directionlets at the bit rates 0.10 and 0.15 bpp, respectively. The numerical quality of the reconstructions is 27.10 and 28.36 dB. (d), (e) The image is compressed using the standard SFQ at the same bit rates. The quality is lower and is equal to 26.16 and 27.66 dB, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wavelet-coefficients-are-grouped-in-tree-structures-to-2koxtkj9.png Fig. 1. Wavelet coefficients are grouped in tree structures to exploit the multiscale correlation. Each coefficient has four children in the next finer scale in the 2 2 region that corresponds to the same spatial location. The exceptions are the coefficients at the coarsest scale, which have only three children, and the ones in the finest scale, which have no children. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-compression-of-barbara-a-the-original-image-b-c-the-2spea03w.png Fig. 14. Compression of Barbara. (a) The original image. (b), (c) The image is compressed using the adaptive SFQ with directionlets at the bit rates 0.10 and 0.15 bpp, respectively. The numerical quality of the reconstructions is 25.34 and 26.55 dB. (d), (e) The image is compressed using the standard SFQ at the same bit rates. The quality is lower and is equal to 24.58 and 25.75 dB, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-compression-of-lena-a-the-original-image-b-c-the-3uc4swvo.png Fig. 13. Compression of Lena. (a) The original image. (b), (c) The image is compressed using the adaptive SFQ with directionlets at the bit rates 0.10 bpp (with the compression ratio 1:80) and 0.15 bpp (1:53), respectively. The numerical quality of the reconstructions is 30.92 and 32.56 dB. (d), (e) The image is compressed using the standard SFQ at the same bit rates. The quality is lower and is equal to 30.17 and 32.09 dB, respectively. The visual quality is also improved because the artifacts are oriented along locally dominant directions and are, thus, less annoying. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-decomposition-of-the-standard-wavelet-1wp0b4ue.png Fig. 3. Frequency decomposition of the standard wavelet transform (WT) and anisotropic wavelet transform (AWT). (a) The frequency decomposition of the standard 2-D WT. The number of transforms along the horizontal and vertical directions is equal at each scale and, thus, the transform is isotropic. The corresponding basis functions have symmetric square support. (b) The frequency decomposition of the AWT. The transform is anisotropic because the transform steps along one direction are applied more times than the ones along the other direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-standard-sfq-encoding-consists-of-four-blocks-first-1n48skw2.png Fig. 2. Standard SFQ encoding consists of four blocks. First, the standard 2-D WT is applied on the input image x. Then, the SFQ encoder decides which subset of the wavelet coefficients should be discarded based on the R-D optimization. The retained coefficients are quantized using the optimal quantization step size, which is also chosen based on the R-D optimization. Finally, the output stream of coding symbols is entropy coded. The data X is transmitted together with the map information and the quantization step size as a side information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-nla-results-of-lena-a-c-reconstructions-of-the-image-35ms4elj.png Fig. 8. NLA results of Lena: (a)–(c) Reconstructions of the image Lena for 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% retained transform coefficients, respectively, using directionlets. The quality of the obtained images is 27.10, 29.38, and 30.80 dB, respectively. (d)–(f) The reconstructions at the same approximation rates using the standard WT. The quality of the images is 26.93, 29.21, and 30.66 dB, respectively. The reconstructions obtained using directionlets are better than the ones obtained by the standard WT both numerically and visually. Moreover, the artifacts that appear in the reconstructions obtained using directionlets are also oriented in the dominant directions, making them less objectionable. https://scispace.com/papers/space-time-multilevel-codes-49is4m0qzg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-proposed-p-level-st-mlc-encoder-with-optional-u3dgy1m5.png Fig. 1. Proposed P -level ST-MLC encoder with optional interleavers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-proposed-st-msd-for-a-p-level-st-mlc-if-interleavers-2zkouh2u.png Fig. 2. Proposed ST-MSD for a P-level ST-MLC. If interleavers are used in the ST-MLC, then deinterleavers would need to be added to the ST-MSD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ber-of-a-rate-rstc-2-st-mlc-and-st-ldpc-code-2b1dp484.png Fig. 3. BER of a rate Rstc = 2 ST-MLC and ST-LDPC code. https://scispace.com/papers/space-use-of-sympatric-deer-in-a-riparian-ecosystem-in-an-3d4rjjh4xq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spatial-pathway-of-migration-of-four-mule-deer-m-3bf1hrgb.png Figure 5. Spatial pathway of migration of four mule deer (m) from Morrill County (winter range) to Sheridan County (summer range), Nebraska, USA, for two consecutive years (2004-2006). Locations of deer that tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD) from 2000 to 2006 are indicated by stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-locations-of-mule-deer-and-whitetailed-deer-in-a-3ta49rb2.png Figure 4. Locations of mule deer and whitetailed deer in a riparian ecosystem along the North Platte River Valley in western Nebraska, USA, 2004-2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-names-of-deer-management-units-dmus-and-prevalence-26k468o8.png Figure 1. Names of deer management units (DMUs) and prevalence (%) of chronic wasting disease by species and sex from top left hand corner (clockwise): female mule deer, male mule deer, male white-tailed deer and female white-tailed deer in Nebraska, USA, 1997-2006. No prevalence indicated in DMUs show that chronic wasting disease had not been detected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ranks-of-four-a-priorimodels-using-bayesian-33wns4e9.png Table 3. Ranks of four a priorimodels using Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for variables that influenced volume of intersection scores as measure of spatial overlap between mule deer and whitetailed deer by sex in western Nebraska, USA, 2004-2007. Model rankings based on number of parameters (K), BIC, BIC differences (DBIC) and BIC weights (Weight). Species-sex refers to spatial overlap between all possible combinations of species and sex (N¼ 9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-goodness-of-fit-regressions-predicting-observed-1cl52gjz.png Figure 2. Goodness-of-fit regressions predicting observed selection with predictive resource selection function (RSF) models generated for female and male mule deer during summer (1 May - 31 October) and winter (1 November - 30 April) in western Nebraska, USA, 2004-2007. Plots include observed vs predicted proportions of resource selection (points), a regression of proportions (solid line), X ¼ Y-line (dashed line) and slope of regression line with standard error in parenthesis. A slope of 1.0 indicates a 1:1 relationship between observed and predicted proportions of resource selection (i.e. good fit of RSF to locations of female or male mule deer in Morrill County, Nebraska, USA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-6-ci-size-km2-for-overall-and-seasonal-home-6du8x14e.png Figure 6. Mean 6 CI size (km2) for overall and seasonal home range for resident mule deer and white-tailed deer radio-collared in western Nebraska, USA, 2004-2007. Numbers inside bars indicate sample size. Different letters above confidence interval bars indicate least-squared means differences at P, 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-selection-ratios-and-95-confidence-limits-for-the-3j8j0t2m.png Figure 7. Selection ratios and 95% confidence limits for the categorical variable, land cover, in model averaged discrete-choice models used to estimate the relative probability of male ( ) and female (*) mule deer and white-tailed deer selecting 30 3 30 m resource units in Morrill County, Nebraska, USA during summer (1 May - 31 October) and winter (1 November - 30 April), 2004- 2007. Confidence intervals were computed as exp(coefficient 6 1.96 3 coefficient standard error). Interpretation of selection ratios were in comparison to corn field (reference category) and assume all distance measures included in final models were held at their respective scaled and centered mean distance of 0.0 m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-goodness-of-fit-regressions-predicting-observed-1pvby2ta.png Figure 3. Goodness-of-fit regressions predicting observed selection with predictive resource selection function (RSF) models generated for female and male white-tailed deer during summer (1 May - 31 October) and winter (1 November - 30 April) in western Nebraska, USA, 2004-2007. Plots include observed vs predicted proportions of resource selection (points), a regression of proportions (solid line), X ¼ Y-line (dashed line) and slope of regression line with standard error in parenthesis. A slope of 1.0 indicates a 1:1 relationship between observed andpredicted proportions of resource selection. https://scispace.com/papers/spanish-university-assessment-practices-examination-2v5v5stkv3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-assessment-instruments-utilization-profiles-main-1ie4cku5.png Figure 5. Assessment instruments’ utilization profiles: main clusters for first and fourthyear courses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-presence-of-clusters-by-academic-division-2r66dcjq.png Table 6 Presence of clusters by academic division https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-assessment-instrument-used-comparing-faculties-4etpsmqe.png Table 2 Assessment instrument used comparing faculties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-assessment-instruments-utilization-profiles-4-gb6z87qr.png Figure 4. Assessment instruments’ utilization profiles: 4- latent class model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-assessment-instrument-used-in-first-vs-fourth-year-1fedgizw.png Table 1 Assessment instrument used in first vs. fourth-year https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-best-latent-class-model-main-properties-for-each-2rexaynk.png Table 3 Best latent class model main properties for each academic division https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-type-of-assessment-instrument-used-first-vs-fourth-3hsk8efx.png Figure 2. Type of assessment instrument used first vs. fourth year. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-analysis-of-self-and-peer-grading-in-3ffinj1y.png Table 4 Descriptive analysis of Self- and Peer grading in every assessment instrument. https://scispace.com/papers/spaceflight-affects-neuronal-morphology-and-alters-51388n8blr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spaceflight-promotes-hyperbranching-disorganization-35fezuko.png Figure 3. Spaceflight promotes hyperbranching, disorganization, and self-avoidance defects in PVD sensory neurons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spaceflight-induces-a-distinctive-hypodermal-3jyfz5xk.png Figure 6. Spaceflight induces a distinctive hypodermal response to neuronal mCherry extrusion (A) Confocal image of a spaceflight Pmec-4mCherry1 animal in which we identified Starry Night and spaceflight vesicles (sVesicles) as two distinct fluorescent components. Scale bar, 10 mm. (B) Proportion of ground control and spaceflight Pmec-4mCherry1 animals with/without Starry Night. Number of animals used for analysis: nControl = 72, nSpace = 83. We determined statistical significance by Fisher’s exact test. ****p % 0.0001. (C and D) Location of Starry Night in ground control and spaceflight Pmec-4mCherry1 animals in the anterior-posterior body axis (C) and in different tissues (D). Number of animals used for analysis: nControl = 5, nSpace = 33. (E) Proportion of ground control and spaceflight Pmec-4mCherry1 animals with/without sVesicles. Number of animals used for analysis: nControl = 72, nSpace = 83. We determined statistical significance by Fisher’s exact test. ****p % 0.0001. (F and G) Location of sVesicles in spaceflight Pmec-4mCherry1 animals in the anterior-posterior body axis (F) and in different tissues (G). Number of animals used for analysis: nSpace = 27. We scored Starry Night and sVesicles as ‘‘anterior’’ if location was anterior to the AVM neuron, ‘‘mid’’ if location was in between the AVM and the PVM neurons, and ‘‘posterior’’ if location was posterior to the PVM neuron. We scored tissue location by imaging different planes on each animal; ‘‘hypodermal’’ corresponded to the peripheral layer surrounding the body, ‘‘intestinal’’ corresponded to the cells surrounding the intestinal lumen, and ‘‘other’’ corresponded to locations in the body not easily identifiable. We randomly selected a subgroup of spaceflight Pmec-4mCherry1 animals to score the location of Starry Night and sVesicles in the anterior-posterior body axis and in different tissues. (H) Confocal image of a spaceflight Pmec-4mCherry1 animal showing the variation in fluorescence intensity of sVesicles. Scale bar, 10 mm. See also Figure S4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-spaceflight-protocol-to-assess-microgravity-2taddkwh.png Figure 1. A spaceflight protocol to assess microgravity impact on C. elegans adult life Diagram showing the timeline of C. elegans life at 20 C, with approximately 2.5 days of embryonic and larval development and approximately three weeks (21 days) of adulthood. We indicate in red the crucial events in our experimental design by which we obtained middle-aged animals that experienced most of their physiological aging on the International Space Station (ISS). Note that C. elegans were kept in cold stowage (8–13 C) for approximately 7 days, relatively low temperatures that significantly delayed progression through adult stages. We estimated the cold stowage period to correspond to approximately 3 days at 20 C. After 5 days on the ISS at 20 C, samples were frozen and returned to Earth for analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spaceflight-promotes-modest-morphological-changes-1vi9clgo.png Figure 4. Spaceflight promotes modest morphological changes in adult touch receptor neurons (A) GFP-labeled touch receptor neurons in a young adult Pmec-4GFP animal. Image adapted from www.wormatlas.org. NR, nerve ring; VNC, ventral nerve cord. (B and C) Representative confocal images of ground control (B) and spaceflight (C) Pmec-4GFP animals. Scale bars, 10 mm. (D) Diagram showing a touch receptor neuron with a branch, an outgrowth, high-intensity fluorescent puncta in the cell body, and an exopher. (E–G) Quantifications in ground control and spaceflight Pmec-4GFP animals of the number of branches (E), outgrowths (F), and exophers (G) in each of the six touch receptor neurons. We highlight each touch receptor neuron phenotype with a representative confocal image from Pmec-4GFP animals. Number of touch receptor neurons used for analysis: nControl = 54–61, nSpace = 60–64. Note that the different number of neurons used for analysis in each condition derives from the fact that, depending on the animal position during imaging, not all touch receptor neurons are visible in certain animals. We determined statistical significance by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. *p% 0.05, ***p% 0.001. Data are presented as mean G standard error of the mean. See also Figure S1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-pvd-dendritic-tree-is-affected-by-spaceflight-1k5ga0iw.png Figure 2. The PVD dendritic tree is affected by spaceflight https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spaceflight-leads-to-accumulation-of-neuronal-1rl0daj0.png Figure 5. Spaceflight leads to accumulation of neuronal-derived mCherry throughout the body of middle-aged nematodes (A and B) Representative confocal images of ground control (A) and spaceflight (B) Pmec-4mCherry1 animals. Scale bars, 10 mm. See also Figures S2 and S3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-continued-b-and-c-representative-maximum-intensity-2vduzv0i.png Figure 2. The PVD dendritic tree is affected by spaceflight https://scispace.com/papers/spanning-tests-in-return-and-stochastic-discount-factor-mean-2r1ep8waj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tests-of-spanning-for-the-six-size-and-book-to-1msimu3h.png Table 1 Tests of spanning for the six size and book-to-market sorted portfolios by the two Fama-French portfolios and the market. Monthly data from 1952 to 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sdf-and-return-frontiers-for-size-and-book-to-3pfb5dmd.png Figure 4: SDF and return frontiers for size and book-to-market sorted portfolios. R1 contains the market and the two Fama-French portfolios that capture the size and value effects. Monthly data from 1952 to 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sdf-and-return-frontiers-such-that-r-and-r1-share-f8gf60rc.png Figure 3: SDF and return frontiers such that R and R1 share the centred cost representing portfolio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sdf-and-return-frontiers-such-that-r-and-r1-share-3a2kvfy1.png Figure 2: SDF and return frontiers such that R and R1 share the uncentred cost representing portfolio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sdf-and-return-frontiers-such-that-r-and-r1-share-2hojol2t.png Figure 1: SDF and return frontiers such that R and R1 share the mean representing portfolio. https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-data-based-3d-surface-reconstruction-for-cartoon-and-2vh641tofg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrating-the-cartoon-case-where-the-input-data-are-oqtiosny.png Fig. 1 Illustrating the cartoon case, where the input data are vectors along strokes (the top row) drawn by artists. The vectors are not shown here. The corresponding 3D cartoons generated by our algorithm, are shown in the bottom row. The parameters are g = 0.5, h = 0, θ = 0, and η = 5.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-illustrating-the-effect-of-the-first-order-1a2zd5wp.png Fig. 5 Illustrating the effect of the first order regularization, 3D figures in the bottom row and 2D projection (yz-plane) in the top row. Inside the valley, we set the parameter h to 0 (switching off the first order regularization) in figures (c) and (f), and to 100 (switching it on) in figures (b) and (e). h = 0 in the rest of the domain. The sparsity of the input data is 5.98%. Here g = 0.1, η = 0, and θ = 106 in all cases. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-figures-showing-3d-reconstructions-of-map-using-2yhyej0y.png Fig. 4 Figures showing 3D reconstructions of map using different fidelity constraints, both elevation and vector constraint (hybrid) in Figure (a), only elevation constraint in Figure (b), using our algorithm, and elevation constraint on contours using the algorithm of [33] in Figure (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3d-surface-reconstructions-with-two-different-2mdwpr12.png Fig. 3 3D surface reconstructions with two different sparsities of input data. Height values are given at red points, and normal vectors are given at blue points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustrating-the-effect-of-the-second-order-v72l8ugr.png Fig. 2 Illustrating the effect of the second order regularization by varying the parameter g. In these tests, h = 0, θ = 0, and η = 5.0. https://scispace.com/papers/spark-by-example-an-introduction-to-formal-verification-uyw5xx01gr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-verification-conditions-for-the-pop-heap-algorithm-kaem4gc0.png Table 3: Verification conditions for the pop_heap algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-verification-conditions-for-the-chapter-on-heaps-in-27tjzmev.png Table 2: Verification conditions for the chapter on heaps in https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-verification-conditions-generated-for-the-chapter-on-fui6sbq3.png Table 1: Verification conditions generated for the chapter on heaps in SPARK by Example https://scispace.com/papers/spare-capacity-allocation-using-shared-backup-path-21jmztubjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-networks-used-for-numerical-study-2u0q2g06.png Fig. 3. Networks used for numerical study https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-notation-37cdizrl.png TABLE I NOTATION https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-results-on-five-networks-3gr9vshx.png TABLE III RESULTS ON FIVE NETWORKS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sca-structure-for-protecting-arbitrary-failures-1pu6qvba.png Fig. 1. SCA structure for protecting arbitrary failures https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-redundancy-e-s-w-among-path-protection-r6rqvkz7.png Fig. 4. Comparison of Redundancy η = S W among path protection schemes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-unit-spare-capacity-are-shared-by-three-primary-2iwl02vb.png Fig. 2. Two unit spare capacity are shared by three primary backup paths on link 7–8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-additional-notation-for-dual-link-failures-145ctsuc.png TABLE II ADDITIONAL NOTATION FOR DUAL LINK FAILURES https://scispace.com/papers/sparse-supernodal-solver-using-block-low-rank-compression-l2dw7whzhs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-operation-complexities-when-computing-gxynjash.png Table 1. Summary of the operation complexities when computing C = C − ABt . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-block-low-rank-compression-146esww2.png Figure 3. Block Low-Rank compression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-scalability-of-the-memory-on-top-and-the-number-of-y1k9v8z3.png Figure 10. Scalability of the memory on top and the number of operations on bottom with three tolerance thresholds of the Minimal Memory/RRQR scenario for 3D Laplacians of size n3 with n ∈ [10, 330]. The full-rank scenario, in purple, is given as a reference with the numbers computed from the symbolic factorization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-performance-of-both-low-rank-strategies-with-three-2l5t230b.png Figure 8. Performance of both low-rank strategies with three tolerance thresholds. The backward error of the solution is printed on top of each bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-memory-peak-for-the-minimal-memory-scenario-with-pkntoxec.png Figure 9. Memory peak for the Minimal Memory scenario with three tolerance thresholds and both SVD and RRQR kernels. The backward error of the solution is printed on top of each bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-symbolic-factorization-of-a-10-x-10-x-10-laplacian-2ivj4261.png Figure 1. Symbolic factorization of a 10 × 10 × 10 Laplacian matrix partitioned using Scotch. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-kernels-efficiency-per-core-for-full-rank-just-in-3thdjpl6.png Table 4. Kernels efficiency per core for full-rank, Just-In-Time and Minimal Memory strategies, on atmosmodj with τ = 10−8. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cost-distribution-on-the-atmosmodj-matrix-with-t-10-31k508x1.png Table 3. Cost distribution on the Atmosmodj matrix with τ = 10−8. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-clusters-of-autism-births-and-diagnoses-point-to-3slpb4t0nk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-odds-ratios-of-being-diagnosed-with-autism-following-3n4yczig.png Table 2 Odds ratios of being diagnosed with autism following either downward or upward mobility within 11 categories of pediatrician density, random point density, or advocacy organization density and 10 categories of median income or regional center funding by ZCTA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-adjusted-autism-birth-clusters-in-los-angeles-by-1x4j79dz.png Fig. 1. A) Adjusted autism birth clusters in Los Angeles by temporal duration. B) Risks of a child with autism having been born within a birth cluster relative to all children with autism. C) Population Attributable Fractions of birth clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-risks-of-a-child-with-autism-having-been-diagnosed-3vk9ai0y.png Table 1 Risks of a child with autism having been diagnosed within a diagnostic cluster relative to all children diagnosed with autism and Population Attributable Fractions for diagnostic clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-adjusted-autism-2o0mqhqu.png Fig. 3. Adjusted autism https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-unadjusted-autism-diagnostic-clusters-1mlxmk0j.png Fig. 2. Unadjusted autism diagnostic clusters. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-development-of-turbulent-flow-within-a-heated-duct-lme4a4iirz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-inlet-and-outlet-boundary-conditions-in-the-spatial-zr3413o3.png Figure 1. Inlet and outlet boundary conditions in the spatial duct. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-local-wall-shear-stress-t-normalized-by-the-local-uva2x4b0.png Figure 6. Local wall shear stress (τ ) normalized by the local averaged wall shear stress (τa) as a function of the distance from the lateral wall z. x/Dh = 1.0, – - –; x/Dh = 3.0, . . . . .; x/Dh = 7.0, — —; x/Dh = 10.0, –·-·–; x/Dh = 12.0, ——; x/Dh = 15.2, – – –; periodic duct results [1], . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-mean-temperature-contours-t-tw-for-two-different-x-2ff5uiiw.png Figure 11. Mean temperature contours, 〈T 〉/Tw, for two different x-planes (step 0.1Tw). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visualization-of-the-crossing-of-the-turbulent-3m49irpk.png Figure 3. Visualization of the crossing of the turbulent structures from the periodic duct to the spatial duct. Positive Q isosurfaces with Q = 0.5(Ub/D2h). Click here for animation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-boundary-conditions-convergence-the-figure-shows-6yubhejp.png Figure 2. Boundary conditions convergence. The figure shows the difference between the mass flux at the outlet (x/Dh = Lx ), Qout/(Ubρb D2h) and the mass flux at the inlet, Qin/(Ubρb D2h) (x/Dh = 0) as a function of the time. The time is non-dimensionalized by Dh/Ub. Top, heated ducts (—— LES-temp, – – – LES-flux); bottom, non-heated duct (——). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-non-heated-spatial-duct-statistics-at-five-20uwc35x.png Figure 5. Non-heated spatial duct statistics at five different x-planes. Profiles as a function of the distance y from the wall and at five different fixed distance z/Dh = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.5 from the lateral wall. x/Dh = 1.0, – - –; x/Dh = 3.0, . . . . .; x/Dh = 7.0, — —; x/Dh = 10.0, –·-·–; x/Dh = 12.0, ——; x/Dh = 15.2, – – –; periodic duct results, . The values are normalized by the local bulk velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-fluctuating-temperature-near-the-hot-wall-for-les-3vvb8axh.png Figure 10. Fluctuating temperature near the hot wall for LES-temp configuration. Click here for animation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-fluctuating-streamwise-velocity-near-the-hot-wall-18fn2h8w.png Figure 9. (a) Fluctuating streamwise velocity near the hot wall. (b) Fluctuating temperature near the hot wall. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-homogeneity-and-doping-dependence-of-quasiparticle-4h1ddyyqzt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-comparison-of-the-c-axis-tunneling-spectrum-of-an-2liiob41.png Fig. 2 (a) Comparison of the c-axis tunneling spectrum of an overdoped Ca-YBCO (Tc = 79 K) with that of an underdoped YBCO (Tc = 85 K). The inset illustrates the generalized BTK calculations for c-axis tunneling spectra with dx2−y2, dx2−y2+is (dx2−y2+idxy) and (dx2−y2+s) symmetries, using ∆d = 19meV, ∆s = 6meV. (b) The tunneling spectrum of (Zn,Mg)-YBCO (Tc = 82 K) for k||{100} is compared with that of an underdoped YBCO (Tc = 60 K) and also with the BTK calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-d-p-of-the-ybco-system-is-compared-with-the-average-4wp1pkdn.png Fig. 3 (a) ∆d(p) of the YBCO system is compared with the average measured gap ∆*(p) in Bi-2212. The doping level p, except for the optimally doped (Zn,Mg)-YBCO, is determined by the formula Tc = Tc,max [1−82.6(p−0.16)2] , with Tc,max = 93.0 K for the optimally doped YBCO. The global value of ∆d in the optimally doped (Zn,Mg)-YBCO is reduced relative to that of pure YBCO. (b) Comparison of Ωres(p) and Ω2(p) for YBCO and Bi-2212. Note the resemblance of Ωres(p) to ∆d(p). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-tunneling-conductance-dins-dv-vs-bias-1pgmuylg.png Fig. 1 Representative tunneling conductance (dINS/dV) vs. bias voltage (V) data with atomic-scale spatial resolution at 4.2 K: (a) optimally YBCO (Tc = 92.9 K), with k || {110} and scanning along {110}; the inset demonstrates weak variations in the magnitude of the ZBCP and the satellite features; (b) underdoped YBCO (Tc = 60.0 K), with k || {100} and scanning along {010}; the inset shows weak spatial variation in the pairing potential (∆d) and the satellite feature (Ωres). The spatial homogeneity extends up to ~ 100 nm, although the data here only focus on a shorter range for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-scene-adaptation-in-broadcast-environment-23ohbcjti3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spatial-scene-updates-organization-3m1npye2.png Figure 2 - Spatial scene updates organization https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-test-scenes-311yks2g.png Table 1 - Characteristics of test scenes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-possible-adaptation-for-test-scene-e-with-different-2b7sqz3w.png Figure 3 - Possible adaptation for test scene (e) with different resolutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-test-scenes-with-various-characteristics-2k8qcx0e.png Figure 1 - Test scenes with various characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-adaptation-processing-overhead-on-e-1ys0f3as.png Figure 4 - Adaptation processing overhead on (e) https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-risk-assessment-of-the-zoonotic-influenza-a-h7n9-tzeubb6pyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-socio-demographics-of-three-types-of-respondents-18nd5wa6.png Table 6-1 Socio-demographics of three types of respondents, chicken famers (N=96), chicken vendors (N=108) and consumers (N=75), from the surveyed counties in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in China. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-16-epidemiological-curve-of-avian-influenza-a-h7n9-2ok1be65.png Figure 2-16 Epidemiological curve of avian influenza A(H7N9) human cases, poultry surveillance positives by month of onset, Mar 2013- Feb 2018 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-forest-plots-of-risk-estimates-of-market-8l39f131.png Figure A-2 Forest plots of risk estimates of market biosecurity management (Group B) on AI Market Infection using Random Effect Model. ln OR https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-8-reported-hpai-h7-from-primary-outbreaks-before-76iww3tf.png Table 2-8 Reported HPAI H7 from primary outbreaks before 2004 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-summary-of-the-biosecurity-indicators-categories-2tjs88na.png Table A-2 Summary of the biosecurity indicators categories that were considered. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-poultry-production-by-province-in-2012-19wns8ul.png Figure 2-2 Poultry production by province in 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-pico-peo-method-to-define-key-search-terms-pkei1in9.png Table A-1 PICO/PEO method to define key search terms https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1-risk-factor-variables-used-in-the-analysis-2l5k83on.png Table 7-1 Risk factor variables used in the analysis. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-scan-statistics-in-loglinear-models-1fvru24wkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-percentage-of-cluster-detectability-d-and-location-1nzsvw3b.png Table 1 Percentage of cluster detectability (D) and location specificity (LS), based on 999 simulated data sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-county-level-infant-mortality-rate-per-100000-in-3kxjq96u.png Fig. 1. County level infant mortality rate per 100,000 in Guangxi, China in 2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-the-stepwise-scan-for-infant-mortality-268h35hm.png Table 2 Results from the stepwise scan for infant mortality in Guangxi, based on 999 simulated data sets for the significance of G2s , Zs and Zs,0 https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-temporal-stochasticity-of-electric-vehicles-in-an-464qocz6fx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-load-connected-to-a-residential-node-23-when-no-1eksnowy.png Figure 4.7. Load connected to a residential node 23 when no charging occurs at offices in the uncoordinated (Case 1) and semi-coordinated (Case3) cases. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2-line-impedance-of-rbts-bus-5-distribution-system-au2678oj.png Table 3.2. Line Impedance of RBTS Bus 5 Distribution System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-voltage-profile-of-commercial-node-43-for-a-day-lfhg2k4o.png Figure 4.10. Voltage profile of commercial node 43 for a day when no charging occurs at offices in the uncoordinated (Case 1) and semi-coordinated (Case 3) cases. https://scispace.com/papers/spatial-tuning-shifts-increase-the-discriminability-and-2ym8dpuza3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-reconstruction-parameters-as-a-function-of-mapping-3i3x7grh.png Figure 5. Reconstruction parameters as a function of mapping stimulus distance from the covertly attended locations and attention hemifield (attended vs ignored). For complete list of p values, see Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-two-way-anova-results-for-reconstruction-parameter-22vl0ki8.png Table 3. Two-way ANOVA results for reconstruction parameter changes (s_dist_attn attention hemifield) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-changes-in-vrfs-across-attention-conditions-we-2ip92idp.png Figure 2. Changes in vRFs across attention conditions. We separately estimated vRFs for every voxel in visual and posterior parietal areas, discarding poorly estimated or noisy voxels (Table 1). Unless otherwise specified, figure data are averaged across subjects. Error bars indicate 95% CIs computed by resampling the data distribution. a, An example vRF shows that attending covertly to the left location shifts the center of the receptive field profile to the left compared with the neutral attend fixation condition. Voxel is from Subject AR in area V3A/B. b, Our vRF estimates reproduced the canonical size-eccentricity relationship (positive slope in all ROIs, p minimum possible p value, 1/10,000 iterations) and the increase in slope between visual regions. c, Preferred position changes of V4 vRFs with covert spatial attention. We binned each vRF by its position during the attend fixation condition. The origin of each arrow is the center of each position bin. The end of the arrow shows the average position shift of the vRFs within that position bin during the attend peripheral conditions (left/right are collapsed and shown as attend left). The majority of vRFs shift toward the attended location (blue-green color map vs red-yellow). d, Mean changes in vRF parameters (attend peripheral target attend fixation) in each visual area. e, Attentional modulations of each vRF parameter plotted by the vRF’s distance from the attention target computed from its position during the attend fixation task (Table 2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-multivariate-iem-used-to-reconstruct-the-mapping-2aa52q6y.png Figure 4. Multivariate IEM used to reconstruct the mapping probe stimuli. a, To train the IEM, we first take the BOLD data from all voxels within a visual region from a subset of training trials. Then, we solve for a set of channel weights using least-squares regression. To reconstruct the stimulus, we invert this weight matrix and multiply it with BOLD data from the same voxels during a test trial. This yields a reconstructed channel response profile, which can be transformed into a reconstruction of the mapping stimulus on every trial in each attention condition. Data shown are examples from Participant AR for a subset of V1 voxels. b, Example stimulus reconstructions for Participant AI in area V1. These reconstructions were averaged across trials with the same position, yielding 51 reconstructions: one for each unique position in the test dataset. Left, The same averaged position reconstructions are shown for each condition. The amplitude on the left is higher when attending left, and on the right when attending right. c, Average reconstruction sizes and amplitudes for each stimulus position (collapsed across condition; left, attended). The diameter of the circle depicts the average fit FWHM of the reconstructions at that spatial position. Reconstruction amplitude was greater in the attended hemifield compared with the ignored hemifield in areas V3A/B and V4 ( p 0.005; Table 3; Fig. 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continued-hyhsz8td.png Table 4. Continued https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-covert-spatial-attention-task-and-fmri-based-3sfmizvw.png Figure 1. Covert spatial attention task and fMRI-based analyses used to link single voxels to population-level measurements. a, Subjects fixated centrally and attended to brief rotations in the pentagon stimulus on the left or right while a flickering checkerboard probe stimulus appeared at 1 of 51 grid locations across the visual field. On control runs, subjects attended to a contrast change at fixation. fMRI data measured during this attention task are used to create visualizable estimates of vRFs and stimulus reconstructions. b, A receptive field model is fit to the responses of each voxel and can be described by its x and y position (center), response baseline, response amplitude, and size (FWHM). c, Given a population of voxels in a retinotopic region, such as V1, we examine two different measures of spatial information in the population. The first, a spatial discriminability metric, scales with the slope of the tuning curve at a given location in space (see Materials and Methods). The second relies on a multivariate IEM for space. By reconstructing images of the mapping stimulus on each test trial, we can measure how population-level spatial information changes with attention. We then can model how changes in individual vRFs affect both of these population measures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-coefficients-for-polynomial-fits-of-how-vrf-x2u8myqc.png Table 2. Mean coefficients for polynomial fits of how vRF parameter change is modulated by distance from the attended location (v_dist_attn)a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-layered-spatial-encoding-model-reveals-how-1xonf7kq.png Figure 6. A layered spatial encoding model reveals how different sets of vRF changes lead to enhancements in multivariate stimulus reconstructions. a, The first layer of the model uses the vRF fits to generate BOLD data from every subject’s real trial sequence. Then the BOLD data from all voxels within one ROI are used to train a multivariate spatial encoding model and reconstruct the mapping stimuli. b, Change in reconstruction amplitude in the attended versus the ignored hemifield. We only show reconstruction parameters with significant attentional modulations in the prior IEM analysis (Fig. 5; Table 3). Stimulus reconstructions computed with a reduced number of voxels (gray bar) largely reproduce the pattern of attentional modulations observed in IEMs computed with all voxels (black bar). Furthermore, a comparison of layered IEMs using simulated data revealed that vRF position changes (blue lines) in the first layer of the model are better at reproducing the amplitude modulations in the stimulus reconstructions of the parietal ROI than models that simulate changes in vRF size or amplitude (yellow and red lines). c, RMSE between each set of IEM fits and the full empirical dataset fits shown in Figure 5. The null baseline model (far left) is a layered IEM where the vRF parameters are the same across all attention conditions. We then added vRF attentional modulations for each parameter as shown in the matrix below the plot, where all models with position changes are on the left side. *p 0.05 (FDR-corrected), models differed significantly from the null baseline model. Gray asterisks indicate an increase in RMSE from the null model. Black asterisks indicate a decrease. https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-resolved-photoluminescence-mapping-of-single-cds-ssrae3bezo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-pl-image-of-a-single-nanosheet-at-3clgnidl.png FIG. 2. Color online a PL image of a single nanosheet at energies of 2.547 eV and b at 2.563 eV white box shows approximate outline of this nanosheet and c two-dimensional images and photoluminescence spectra taken at different positions along a single nanosheet shown by the dashed lines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-normalized-photoluminescence-spectra-from-zs2pzttp.png FIG. 1. Color online Normalized photoluminescence spectra from three different single nanosheets. Upper inset is a high-magnification SEM image of a single nanosheet dark line= 300 nm and lower inset is an optical micrograph of the 5 30 m2 nanosheet. https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-restricted-occurrence-and-low-population-abundance-1z0cl56jp4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1zbot0ev.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2z1bbhkz.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/spatially-distributed-instructions-improve-learning-outcomes-25glmcl0yi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-items-for-each-of-three-test-question-types-z6xhs0pj.png Figure 2. Sample items for each of three test question types. The asterisk indicates the correct answer. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intercorrelations-between-variables-in-study-1-3r7xa3yg.png Table 2 Intercorrelations Between Variables in Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-total-task-completion-time-with-standard-error-3jf459su.png Figure 3. Mean total task completion time with standard error bars (left) and mean total test score with standard error bars (right) in Study 1 and 2 as a function of condition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-perceived-difficulty-and-mental-effort-across-1we61eb1.png Figure 4. Mean perceived difficulty and mental effort across data analysis steps (on 1–9 scales) as a function of condition. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-intercorrelations-between-variables-in-study-2-11x19vmq.png Table 3 Intercorrelations Between Variables in Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distinction-between-instructions-and-learning-task-2s01xxue.png Figure 1. Distinction between instructions and learning task materials in statistics education. https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-clustering-of-firing-rates-for-neural-state-wsjs815ec7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-random-state-sequence-was-created-top-which-controls-2vebjlng.png Fig. 1. A random state sequence was created (top) which controls the mean of a Poisson process. The mean moves between 5, 10, or 20 or stays the same at each state as seen by the plot of mean and a realization (middle). An estimate of state and output is shown in (bottom). Having a time history encoded in each cluster mean, x̄, allows an accurate estimation with only three states. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-firing-rate-bin-counts-with-100-ms-bins-for-a-1gmfwyuu.png Fig. 3. The firing rate (bin counts with 100 ms bins) for a single trial of right lever task. There is temporal structure with respect to the task timings, but there is a diversity across the neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-performance-criterion-for-different-time-waqkkzc9.png Fig. 2. The performance criterion for different time embeddings L, number of states k, and distance measure (2) or (1). Because of the large value of β = 100 increasing number of states is penalized less than providing information about the true state. However, there is an optimum time embedding of 5 for 2 or 3 states and 20 for 5 or 8. At 20, a state is able to capture the time course for a full state cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-state-estimates-for-each-time-step-across-right-3n62tyv6.png Fig. 4. The state estimates for each time step across right lever trials (top). The color corresponds to an arbitrary state label. The clustering was performed with k = 6 clusters, time window of L = 20, and divergence measure (2). The entropy of the set of states at each time point H(St) goes down approaching the reward time (bottom). Besides consistency at each point approaching and after the reward, there is a pattern in the transitions (yellow,orange,cyan). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-performance-criterion-for-different-time-27ldhrtk.png Fig. 5. The performance criterion for different time embeddings L, number of states k, and distance measure (2) or (1). Note that with (2) there is local minimum at a time embedding of 20, while with (1) a longer window (greater than cue-reward interval) is still better. https://scispace.com/papers/speaker-diarisation-and-longitudinal-linking-in-multi-genre-394xy55k2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-der-scores-within-episode-and-cross-episode-for-the-ngp67dng.png Table 6. DER scores within-episode and cross-episode for the system “DNN-v4” with CLC linking on MGB Long eval set https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-longitudinal-linking-der-scores-within-episode-1fiw959l.png Table 4. Longitudinal linking: DER scores within-episode (NoLinkDER) and cross-episode (LinkDER) on MGB Long dev set for the “DNN-v4” system https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-longitudinal-vs-batch-linking-der-scores-within-2v9lq0x8.png Table 5. Longitudinal vs batch linking: DER scores within-episode (NoLinkDER) and cross-episode (LinkDER) on MGB Long dev set for the “DNN-v4” system https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-different-segmenters-on-mgb-long-dev-3q3ok6qn.png Table 2. Comparison of different segmenters on MGB Long dev set https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-der-scores-per-genre-on-mgb-long-dev-set-for-the-3hatms34.png Table 3. DER scores per genre on MGB Long dev set for the “DNNv4” system https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-der-scores-on-mgb-long-dev-set-mddtei5d.png Table 1. DER(%) scores on MGB Long dev set https://scispace.com/papers/speaking-in-shorthand-a-syllable-centric-perspective-for-48bpq5ju1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-occurrence-of-syllabic-and-moraic-forms-7wulqzht.png Table 4. Frequency of occurrence of syllabic and moraic forms in Japanese. Data are based on manual phonetic transcription of 15 minutes of spontaneous Japanese speech recorded over the telephone. In Japanese, each vocalic element is a separate mora, but often adjacent vocalic morae coalesce into a dipthongal nucleus (VV forms). Such data are discussed further in [1], from where this table is adapted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-relative-frequency-of-occurrence-for-various-3496gyv0.png Table 5. The relative frequency of occurrence for various syllable types in both the lexicon and spoken usage of the Switchboard corpus. The data are derived from canonical pronunciations of dictionary sources, and are compared with the syllable structure for actual pronunciation derived from phonetic transcription (Phn. Tr.). Reprinted from [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-80-pronunciation-variants-of-the-word-and-from-the-3eitpjz8.png Table 1. 80 pronunciation variants of the word "and" from the Switchboard Transcription Corpus. The variants are listed in order of their frequency. The phonetic symbols are from a transcription system based on Arpabet. The segment [q] denotes a glottal stop. The symbol set and transcription methods are described in [15].______________________________________________________________ https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-frequency-with-which-the-phonetic-pronunciation-31dwzx1h.png Table 6. The frequency with which the phonetic pronunciation corresponds to the lexicon's canonical pronunciation, as a function of syllabic constituent. The onset element is far more likely to be preserved in canonical form than either the nucleus or the coda. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-frequency-with-which-different-constituents-of-a-32ouyidy.png Table 7. The frequency with which different constituents of a syllable are phonetically realized as the canonical form. The frequencies associated with each 2x2 matrix sum to 1. For example, the presence of a canonical onset associated with a canonical nucleus occurs for 56.7% of all instances of syllables containing both an onset and a nucleus. The frequency with which an onset is canonically realized is 0.793 across all forms of nuclear realizations. The frequency with which a nucleus is realized as the canonical form for the same syllabic population is .676, and so on. Abbreviations - Can = Canonical, Co = coda, Nuc = nucleus, Ri = Rime. Canonical pronunciations are denoted by a '+' and the non-canonical variety by a '-'. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-conditional-probabilities-associated-with-1he93mo3.png Table 8. The conditional probabilities associated with whether a specific syllabic constituent is realized as canonical (+) or non-canonical (-), conditioned on the canonical status of the other constituents within the same syllable. The probability that a specific syllabic constituent is realized canonically for the specific group of syllables i indicated in bold-face type along the diagonal. Abbreviations as in Figure 7 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-frequency-of-occurrence-for-the-10000-most-ka04e9on.png Figure 1. The frequency of occurrence for the 10,000 most frequent words in the Switchboard corpus, organized in rank order of frequency. Total number of distinct words in the corpus is 25,923. Reprinted from [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-frequency-of-occurrence-as-a-function-of-19o34y9g.png Figure 2. Cumulative frequency of occurrence as a function of word frequency rank for the 10,000 most frequent lexical items in the Switchboard corpus. Reprinted from [14]. https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-modeling-of-agricultural-yield-data-with-an-45w9ivyl9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-model-selection-criteria-3s1kw8fr.png Table 1. Model Selection Criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predicted-yield-values-standard-deviation-and-lx6gls43.png Table 3. Predicted yield values, standard deviation and percentiles 5, 50 and 95%, of selected counties, in 2003 and 2004. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-corn-yields-in-the-state-of-parana-kilograms-per-2fwrue2w.png Figure 2: Corn yields in the state of Paraná, kilograms per hectare in 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-corn-yields-in-counties-1-2-3-and-4-kg-hectare-1990-2unzooy8.png FIGURE 8. Corn yields in counties 1, 2, 3 and 4 (kg/hectare), 1990 and 2002. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-premium-rates-in-counties-1-2-3-and-4-with-coverage-9h19mxai.png FIGURE 9. Premium rates (%) in counties 1, 2, 3 and 4 with coverage levels of 70, 75, 80, 85 and 90%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-corn-yields-in-the-state-of-parana-kilograms-per-2pjashe3.png Figure 1: Corn yields in the state of Paraná, kilograms per hectare in 1990. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graphical-description-of-model-1-3ne8ithq.png FIGURE 3. Graphical Description of Model 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-posterior-densities-of-b-1-b-2-and-r-respectively-2sg404jq.png FIGURE 6. Posterior densities of β 1, β 2 and ρ , respectively, for Castro, Ponta Grossa, Marilândia do Sul, Tibagi, CatanduvasandRolândia. https://scispace.com/papers/spatio-temporal-variability-of-the-wet-component-of-the-24ag41q2xu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-21-teleconnection-map-of-wpd-and-soi-20mgy158.png Figure 4.21 – Teleconnection map of WPD and SOI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-movement-of-the-intertropical-convergence-zone-21skksg4.png Figure 4.1 – Movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Source: https://courseware.e-education.psu.edu/courses/earth105new/content/lesson07/03.html https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-spatial-distribution-of-wpd-in-july-summer-season-3t6fm0zv.png Figure 4.3 – Spatial Distribution of WPD in July – Summer season. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-spatial-distribution-of-wpd-in-january-winter-34383w34.png Figure 4.2 – Spatial Distribution of WPD in January – Winter season. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-16-comparison-between-global-time-series-for-nu9pvrkb.png Figure 4.16 – Comparison between global time-series for continental and oceanic regions separately. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-17-comparison-between-the-seasonal-components-of-1v43ki32.png Figure 4.17 – Comparison between the seasonal components of the WPD time-series for Global, North hemisphere and South hemisphere. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-9-spatial-distribution-of-the-determination-3f857bf5.png Figure 4.9 – Spatial distribution of the Determination Coefficient (%) of the seasonal component (DC Seasonal) of WPD variability. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-22-teleconnection-map-of-wpd-and-nino-3-4-1ir562fa.png Figure 4.22 – Teleconnection map of WPD and Niño 3.4. https://scispace.com/papers/specification-by-refinement-and-agreement-designing-agent-41aecv1hjz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-organizational-framework-for-agent-societies-2tmjcnt8.png Fig. 1. Organizational framework for agent societies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-interaction-scene-review-process-23fq72zb.png Fig. 3. Interaction scene ‘Review Process’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coordination-in-agent-societies-1gsq5ex2.png Table 1. Coordination in agent societies https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interaction-structure-for-conference-society-27atyl88.png Fig. 2. Interaction Structure for ‘Conference’ Society https://scispace.com/papers/specification-of-invariability-in-ocl-3i3edkzm83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-extra-package-extension-3d09qprf.png Fig. 2. Extra Package Extension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-intra-package-extension-96wr1agn.png Fig. 3. Intra Package Extension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dependent-packages-3sp50b6l.png Fig. 4. Dependent Packages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-basic-class-diagram-1s005sed.png Fig. 1. Basic Class Diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-list-with-an-anchor-j86ibtou.png Fig. 5. List with an Anchor. https://scispace.com/papers/specification-of-management-views-in-information-warehouse-c02cq2houe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-report-query-generation-basic-settings-sfpdkhqh.png Table 9: Report query generation: Basic settings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-dimension-scope-town-un3rsyay.png Figure 11: Dimension Scope Town https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-report-query-generation-projection-expression-and-3kr57ir9.png Table 12: Report query generation: Projection expression and query assembly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-dimension-grouping-store-part-1-26p6zmvv.png Figure 7: Dimension Grouping Store Part 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-table-of-calculated-ratios-7uttvw2g.png Table 3: Table of calculated ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-data-dictionary-data-exceprt-aerxrbui.png Table 18: Data dictionary data (exceprt) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-dimension-scope-month-previous-month-in-relation-3qs3aop0.png Figure 10: Dimension Scope Month (previous Month in relation to January 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-dimension-scope-month-january-2001-3rxc68bp.png Figure 9: Dimension Scope Month (January 2001) https://scispace.com/papers/spectr-system-operational-test-report-6f6fjmkgys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-main-control-screen-for-the-avs-furnace-system-dwzqcg5c.png Figure 8. Main control screen for the AVS furnace system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-typical-recipe-screen-from-the-avs-control-system-30x5ovag.png Figure 9. Typical recipe screen from the AVS control system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-data-from-1200degc-1-mpa-nitrogen-demonstration-3qmbrgql.png Figure 14. Data from 1200°C, 1 MPa nitrogen demonstration run. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-photographs-looking-into-the-view-port-at-1000degc-36nnxs2z.png Figure 15. Photographs looking into the view port at 1000°C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-view-of-system-response-when-the-control-3n3ir4j2.png Figure 13. View of system response when the control thermocouple was changed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-placing-the-spectr-furnace-in-iedf-bay-3-2r6oo2fo.png Figure 4. Placing the SPECTR furnace in IEDF Bay 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-progression-of-ngnp-heat-transport-system-from-trl-37mmv62z.png Figure 18. Progression of NGNP heat transport system from TRL-3 (proof of concept) to TRL-4 (bench scale). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spectr-furnace-concept-2tezhmfb.png Figure 1. SPECTR furnace concept. https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-distortion-level-resulting-in-a-just-noticeable-f3txetajng 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-short-time-fourier-ams-speech-enhancement-spyf6dx8.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Short-time Fourier AMS speech enhancement framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-enhanced-speech-objective-quality-and-ds1zth5v.png TABLE VII. Enhanced speech objective quality and intelligibility scores (higher is better) for the MMSE-STSA estimator and the WF. Scores are given for the estimated a priori SNR from Deep Xi-ResBiLSTM, the instantaneous a priori SNR corrupted to the JND SD level, and the instantaneous a priori SNR. The mean opinion score of the listening quality objective (MOS-LQO) is used as the objective quality metric, where the wideband perceptual evaluation of quality (Wideband PESQ) is the objective model used to obtain the MOS-LQO score (Morioka et al., 2005). The short-time objective intelligibility (STOI) metric (Taal et al., 2011) is used to obtain the objective intelligibility scores (in %). The test set described in Sec. III E is used to obtain the objective scores. The objective scores are averaged over all noise sources. The a posteriori SNR for Deep Xi-ResBiLSTM is computed using the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate ĉ½l; k ¼ n½l; k þ 1, as in Nicolson and Paliwal (2019). The instantaneous a posteriori SNR is used with the instantaneous a priori SNR corrupted to the JND SD level, and the instantaneous a priori SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-sd-levels-attained-by-each-of-the-a-3ezfqd45.png FIG. 9. (Color online) SD levels attained by each of the a priori SNR estimators in Nicolson and Paliwal (2019). The red plots are the JND SD levels for the MMSE-STSA and the WF. The test set described in Sec. III E is used to obtain the SD levels. SD levels are averaged over all noise sources. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-jnd-sd-levels-attained-for-each-condition-1r605xtm.png FIG. 4. (Color online) JND SD levels attained for each condition. The black dot and the error bar indicate the mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the JND SD level for the corresponding condition. Each condition comprises of a noise source, an SNR level, and an MMSE approach. The conditions are described in Table II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-red-cross-indicates-that-a-difference-1qjgn44k.png FIG. 3. (Color online) A red cross indicates that a difference is not perceived between the stimuli pair for a trial. A green plus indicates that a difference is perceived between the stimuli pair for a trial. The ascending method of limits is used for the initial run, to find the initial SD level for the up-down method. The up-down method then controls the SD level for six runs. Mid-run estimates are found from the midpoint of runs 2, 4, and 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-histograms-of-the-jnd-sd-levels-for-the-3l5dhyhq.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Histograms of the JND SD levels for the MMSESTSA estimator and the WF at each tested SNR level. Only the JND SD levels for AWGN are considered. Each histogram has a sample size (N) of 23. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-tests-to-determine-if-there-is-a-significant-1f4b8dhn.png TABLE IV. Tests to determine if there is a significant difference between the JND SD levels of the MMSE-STSA estimator and WF at each SNR level. Only the JND SD levels for AWGN are considered. The p-value for the two-sample t-test and the number of samples (N) are the given statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-boxplots-of-the-jnd-sd-level-for-each-3u3a7xow.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Boxplots of the JND SD level for each noise source. Only JND SD levels for the MMSE-STSA estimator and from listeners that completed all three sessions are included. A sample size (N) of 20 is used for each boxplot. Each subplot corresponds to a different SNR level. The central red mark indicates the median, and the bottom and top edges of the blue box indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively. The whiskers extend to the most extreme data points not considered outliers, and the outliers are plotted individually using the red “þ” symbol. https://scispace.com/papers/specification-of-the-cross-nested-logit-model-with-sampling-1zic1zqs0o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-for-model-7-1edibnib.png Table 2: Estimation results for model (7) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-normalization-factor-b-estimations-and-t-tests-w-r-t-3aewb89e.png Table 3: Normalization factor B: estimations and t-tests w.r.t. the true values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-t-tests-against-the-true-values-of-model-15-with-w-95vkvw8s.png Figure 4: t-tests against the true values of model (15) with w = wL and θ = 0.5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimations-for-the-cnl-model-with-the-full-choice-1wqd5rf0.png Table 1: Estimations for the CNL model with the full choice set and synthetic data https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-statistics-on-routes-attributes-k18jz90a.png Table 5: Statistics on routes attributes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimation-time-of-model-15-and-18-with-different-3u4bxp4m.png Figure 3: Estimation time of model (15) and (18) with different configurations https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimation-results-for-the-taxi-drivers-route-choice-tuinkizh.png Table 7: Estimation results for the taxi drivers’ route choice model in Guangzhou, China https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimations-with-different-expansion-factors-t-test-2va816sd.png Table 4: Estimations with different expansion factors: t-test against true value (D is constructed with 40 draws and θ = 0.5) https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-measurements-in-critical-assemblies-mcnp-vgtkwsrqcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-jezebel-neutron-leakage-spectrum-1d4rrteg.png Figure 1. Comparison of the Jezebel neutron-leakage spectrum using the CSEWG group structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-data-used-in-the-mcnp-calculations-for-the-n-n-g-1e5kumia.png Table 20. Data Used in the MCNP Calculations for the (n,n γ) Activation Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-19-experimental-data-for-the-n-n-g-activation-ratio-27rv39e5.png Table 19. Experimental Data for the (n,n γ) Activation Ratio Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-comparison-of-mcnp-calculations-to-experiment-for-yb91lr54.png Table 21. Comparison of MCNP Calculations to Experiment for the (n,n γ) Activation Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-the-fission-cross-section-for-239pu-1sw3hrkb.png Figure 11. Comparison of the fission cross section for 239Pu. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-endf-b-v-cross-sections-for-the-n-a-activation-z9bux29r.png Figure 12. The ENDF/B-V cross sections for the (n, α) activation ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-continued-fvauuatu.png Table 9. Comparison of MCNP Calculations to Experiment for the (n,γ) Activation Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-data-used-in-the-mcnp-calculations-for-the-n-a-3hbnuqrj.png Table 11. Data Used in the MCNP Calculations for the (n,α) Activation Ratios https://scispace.com/papers/spectral-optical-properties-of-selected-photosynthetic-4yn1a55q78 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-vivo-specific-absorption-coefficient-ea-in-m2-mg-1giv0ndl.png Figure 1: In vivo specific absorption coefficient Ea (in m2/mg) of primary pigments chlorophylls a, b, and c and photosynthetic carotenoids (PSC), and photoprotective carotenoids (PPC) over the spectral region from 400 to 750 nm [12] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-frequency-f-ds-of-the-equivalent-sphere-2zll6ou1.png Figure 2: Number frequency f(ds) of the equivalent sphere diameter of (a) C.reinhardtii CC 125 (c=0.989, ǫ=1.149) and its truncated chlorophyll antenna transformants (b) tla1 (c=0.996, ǫ=1.073), (c) tlaX (c=0.979, ǫ=1.220), and (d) tla1-CW+ (c=0.986, ǫ=1.173). The equivalent diameter was estimated from Equation (6) and major and minor diameter distributions reported in Figure 2 in Ref. [3]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-of-the-predicted-and-experimentally-9d9yy8h2.png Figure 7: Comparison of the predicted and experimentally measured [3] average spectral absorption C̄abs,λ and scattering C̄sca,λ cross-sections of the green algae C.reinhardtii CC 125 and its truncated chlorophyll antenna transformants tla1, tlaX, and tla1-CW+. Experimental data [9] for Āabs,λ and S̄sca,λ were converted to C̄abs,λ and C̄sca,λ using Equations (10) and (11), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-block-diagram-of-the-procedure-used-to-retrieve-the-3990yzg4.png Figure 4: Block diagram of the procedure used to retrieve the refraction index nλ and absorption index kλ from the absorption and scattering cross-sections C̄abs,λ and C̄sca,λ at a given wavelength λ for number frequency f(ds). We used N=120 individuals per generation for a maximum of 50 generations. nλ and kλ were allowed to range from 1.33 to 1.53 and from 10−5 to 0.01, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-comparison-of-the-retrieved-refraction-and-1exi5qtb.png Figure 8: Comparison of the retrieved refraction and absorption indices between 400 and 750 nm for B. braunii, Chlorella sp., and C. littorale using their number frequency f(ds). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-the-retrieved-refraction-and-2jjz5cjr.png Figure 6: Comparison of the retrieved refraction and absorption indices between 400 and 750 nm for the green algae C.reinhardtii CC 125 and its truncated chlorophyll antenna transformants tla1, tlaX, and tla1-CW+ using their number frequency f(ds). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-frequency-f-ds-of-the-equivalent-sphere-20t1enle.png Figure 3: Number frequency f(ds) of the equivalent sphere diameter of (a) B. braunii (c=0.961, ǫ=1.333), (b) Chlorella sp. (c=0.965, ǫ=1.301), and (c) C. littorale (c=0.975, ǫ=1.212). The equivalent diameter was estimated from Equation (6) and major and minor diameter distributions reported in Figure 2 in Ref. [9]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-the-retrieved-refraction-and-2v5tuxqt.png Figure 5: Comparison of the retrieved refraction and absorption indices between 400 and 750 nm for the green algae C.reinhardtii CC 125 using major, minor, and equivalent diameter distributions f(a), f(b), and f(ds), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-characteristics-of-carbon-dots-c-dots-derived-ojuovw5v85 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-representation-of-the-conversion-of-carbon-11hd27lk.png FIG. 6. Schematic representation of the conversion of carbon fibers to C-dots after 1 h of reaction followed by conversion to larger nanostructures after dehydration reactions of sulfonic acids. Note that all functional groups were intentionally placed on the edges for simplicity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-relative-percentages-of-carbon-carbon-and-carbon-2vjxfiuv.png TABLE I. Relative percentages of carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen bonding and relative elemental composition for CF-derived CNPs synthesized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scans-of-the-cf-derived-cnps-after-1-h-of-synthesis-a-7lzqdhu0.png FIG. 8. Scans of the CF-derived CNPs after 1 h of synthesis. (a) The XPS survey scan. (b) High-resolution C1s scan. The dashed black line in (b) represents the measured spectrum, while the closely following continuous curve (magenta) represents the sum of the fitted peaks. Individual spectra corresponding to the different oxidation states of carbon are indicated in (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-offset-normalized-raman-spectra-for-cf-derived-cnps-2jicoayb.png FIG. 7. Offset, normalized Raman spectra for CF-derived CNPs synthesized after 1 h, one day, and seven days of reaction time. The D-band and G-bands are labeled, and the ratios of the intensities of the D-band to the G-band are provided for each spectrum. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-ae-hplc-chromatograms-of-cf-derived-cnps-2r658dl4.png FIG. 1. The AE-HPLC chromatograms of CF-derived CNPs, synthesized after 1 h, one day, and seven days of reaction time. Peak b was prominent in the 1 h reaction products but absent after one day of reaction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-excitation-and-emission-spectra-excitation-k-of-325-2tu5zdtf.png FIG. 2. Excitation and emission spectra (excitation k of 325 and 488 nm) for fraction b in both materials having identical retention times by AE-HPLC. (a) GNF-derived fraction. (b) CF-derived fraction. The emission spectrum for the 488 nm excitation has been offset in the yaxis for clarity in both panels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-tem-images-of-the-cf-derived-cnps-synthesized-a-1xf5nj4w.png FIG. 3. The TEM images of the CF-derived CNPs synthesized. (a) After 1 h; the arrows point to some of the small ( 7 nm) C-dots observed. (b) After 3 days. (c) After 5 days. (d) After 7 days. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-electropherograms-of-the-cf-derived-cnps-after-two-xdc87lyy.png FIG. 4. Electropherograms of the CF-derived CNPs after two days, four days, and seven days of reaction. FIG. 5. Offset, normalized FT-IR spectra of the CF-derived CNPs after https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-ellipsometry-and-absorption-study-of-zn1-xmnxo-jetdeemld3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-fitted-layer-dielectric-function-of-zn1-xmnxo-a-z26v3630.png FIG. 5. The fitted layer dielectric function of Zn1−xMnxO a and b x=0.00, c and d 0.014, e and f 0.017 thin film. The ordinary extraordinary dielectric function is the dielectric response when the electric field is perpendicular parallel to the growth axis. The Mn-related peak near 3 eV is identified as EMn. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-fitted-thickness-values-of-zn1-xmnxo-thin-films-yb8g4cej.png TABLE I. The fitted thickness values of Zn1−xMnxO thin films. The numbers in the parentheses are uncertainties with 95% reliabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-measured-pseudodielectric-function-discrete-i3tva1c5.png FIG. 4. The measured pseudodielectric function discrete symbols of Zn1−xMnxO a x=0.0, b x=0.014, c x=0.017 measured at a 70° angle of incidence and its fitted curve solid lines . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optical-absorption-spectra-of-zn1-xmnxo-x-0-07-thin-1tp5fz10.png FIG. 3. Optical absorption spectra of Zn1−xMnxO x 0.07 thin film with varying nitrogen gas flow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-optical-absorption-spectra-of-zn1-xmnxo-thin-films-r08xvdgp.png FIG. 1. Optical absorption spectra of Zn1−xMnxO thin films with x=0, 0.008, 0.017, 0.029, and 0.054. The arrows mark the optical band-gap energy and Mn-related peak, respectively. For simplicity, each spectrum was shifted vertically by +0.2, +0.4, +0.6, and +0.8, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-absorption-spectra-of-zn0-992mn0-008o-thin-1pbrmn2n.png FIG. 2. Optical absorption spectra of Zn0.992Mn0.008O thin film: An example of the determination of the optical gap. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-fitted-band-gap-and-exciton-parameters-of-e0-ktsimunh.png TABLE II. The fitted band-gap and exciton parameters of E0 and E1 band gaps, and the parameters of the Mn-related midgap peak. Here A is the amplitude, E0 is the energy, R is the binding energy, and 0 0x is the broadening of E0 gap E0x exciton peak. A1 and E1 denote the amplitude and energy of E1 band gap, respectively. A2, EMn, and 2 denote the amplitude, energy, and broadening of Mn-related gaussian peak, respectively. The numbers in the parentheses are uncertainties with 95% reliabilities. https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopic-second-harmonic-generation-during-ar-ion-4tr4pwngvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shg-intensity-generated-at-h-terminated-si-100-before-2kxp9vkq.png FIG. 4. SHG intensity generated at H terminated Si 100 before open diamonds , during closed circles and 24 h after open triangles bombardment with 70 eV Ar+ ions as a function of the SH photon energy for p polarized fundamental and SH radiation. In the inset the SHG spectrum before ion bombardment is rescaled to facilitate comparison with the spectrum during Ar+-ion bombardment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-real-time-shg-intensity-generated-at-h-terminated-si-2uz1yrkr.png FIG. 5. Real time SHG intensity generated at H terminated Si 100 subjected to bombardment with 70 eV closed circles , 200 eV open squares , and 1000 eV open circles Ar+ ions at fluxes of 0.07 ML/s. At t=0 s the Ar+-ion bombardment is switched on, at t=600 s the bombardment is switched off, and at t=1200 s the bombardment is switched on again. The SH photon energy is 3.31 eV and both the fundamental and the SH radiation are p polarized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-experimental-symbols-and-simulated-solid-lines-shg-2aw5wbxk.png FIG. 10. Experimental symbols and simulated solid lines SHG spectra measured at H terminated Si 100 during bombardment with Ar+ ions at energies of a 70 eV, b 200 eV, and c 1000 eV and d after XeF2 dosing directly after 1000 eV ion bombardment. The solid lines in a – d are fits to the data using a superposition of two CP-like resonances. The dashed and the dotted lines represent the individual resonances I,zzz 2 at the buried interface between a-Si and c-Si and S,zzz 2 at the a-Si surface, respectively, without the propagation functions AL,zzz taken into account. In e the linear susceptibility squared as in Fig. 2 b is given in the same photon energy range as the SHG spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-shg-intensity-as-a-function-of-the-sh-photon-energy-zrsv8jce.png FIG. 6. SHG intensity as a function of the SH photon energy generated at H terminated Si 100 during bombardment with Ar+ ions at energies of 70 eV closed circles , 200 eV open squares , and 1000 eV open circles . Both the fundamental and SH radiation are p polarized. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-real-time-shg-response-of-h-terminated-si-100-closed-1y6zrlib.png FIG. 7. a Real time SHG response of H terminated Si 100 closed circles bombarded with 70 eV Ar+ ions at a flux of 0.07 ML/s followed by two small doses of XeF2 in total 30 ML . Between t=0 s and t=600 s the sample is exposed to ion bombardment. Between t=930 s and t=960 s and between t =1060 s and 1120 s the XeF2 beam is switched on. The SH photon energy is 3.31 eV and both the fundamental and the SH radiation are p polarized. b The count rate due to XeF+ as measured with the quadrupole mass spectrometer QMS during dosing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-horizontal-cross-section-of-the-high-vacuum-chamber-oo9cd6vm.png FIG. 1. Horizontal cross section of the high vacuum chamber and the optical setup. The samples are placed in a rotatable sample holder 1 and can be replaced using a load lock. The Ar+-ion gun 2 and the XeF2 source 3 are placed at 45° and 52° with respect to the sample surface normal. The fundamental laser radiation, provided by a Ti:sapphire laser, and the generated SH radiation propagate through the setup at 74° angle of incidence with respect to the sample surface normal. Detection of the SH radiation takes place by a photomultiplier tube PMT connected to photon counting electronics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-shg-intensity-as-a-function-of-the-sh-photon-energy-3o9anzsr.png FIG. 8. SHG intensity as a function of the SH photon energy generated at H terminated Si 100 during bombardment with 1000 eV Ar+ ions open circles and after subsequent 400 ML XeF2 dosing closed squares for p polarized fundamental and SH radiation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-parameter-values-of-the-critical-point-jgnez8vx.png TABLE II. The parameter values of the critical point resonances at the interface I and the surface S obtained from the fits to the SHG spectra obtained during bombardment of H terminated Si 100 with 70, 200, and 1000 eV Ar+ ions and after XeF2 dosing directly after 1000 eV Ar+-ion bombardment. https://scispace.com/papers/spectroscopy-of-nin-benzene-m-anion-complexes-10a30nau7p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-ground-state-geometries-of-ni-bz-2-2ogekedn.png FIG. 1. Comparison of ground-state geometries of Ni~Bz!2 cluster obtained from ~A! LANL2DZ and ~B! 6-31111GA basis sets. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transition-energies-from-the-ground-state-of-the-anion-10100u8i.png FIG. 3. Transition energies from the ground state of the anion Nin(Bz)m 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-vertical-and-adiabatic-ionization-potentials-and-2zfo1w83.png TABLE I. Vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials and electron affinities of Nin(Bz)m clusters~in eV!. https://scispace.com/papers/speech-language-pathologists-perspectives-on-cognitive-2qa8ts93ac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-current-recommendations-for-cognitive-communication-2d1r1jiw.png Table 1: Current recommendations for cognitive communication assessment during early recovery after TBI https://scispace.com/papers/spectrum-sensing-of-ofdm-signals-in-the-presence-of-carrier-5a1p1wd48w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-roc-curves-of-the-comparative-algorithms-over-the-sui-1pyzj20n.png Fig. 4. ROC curves of the comparative algorithms over the SUI-4 channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pmd-of-the-comparative-algorithms-over-the-sui-4-3bwb7ouw.png Fig. 3. Pmd of the comparative algorithms over the SUI-4 channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pmd-of-the-comparative-algorithms-over-the-sui-3-2w96y2u3.png Fig. 2. Pmd of the comparative algorithms over the SUI-3 channel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pmd-of-the-comparative-algorithms-over-the-awgn-22zxdcr9.png Fig. 1. Pmd of the comparative algorithms over the AWGN channel. https://scispace.com/papers/speed-limit-enforcement-as-perceived-by-offenders-icjp9k0b9w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-categories-of-comments-by-sex-of-respondent-1n1jthoq.png Table 1: Categories of comments by sex of respondent https://scispace.com/papers/sperm-migration-and-selection-in-the-reproductive-tract-of-3wrmyh6qra 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-frequency-of-head-deformations-among-spermatozoa-3t4cjr88.png Fig. 2. Frequency (%) of head deformations among spermatozoa recovered from the reproductive tracts of B10.BR females five hours after copulation with B10.BR, B10.BR-Ydel and BALB/c males (mean ± SE). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-examples-of-sperm-head-abnormalities-according-xxozew75.png Fig. 1. Typical examples of sperm head abnormalities according to the classification of STYRNA et al. (1991). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-frequency-of-head-deformations-among-spermatozoa-3kiqkrwy.png Fig. 3. Frequency (%) of head deformations among spermatozoa recovered from the reproductive tracts of BALB/c females five hours after copulation with B10.BR, B10.BR-Ydel and BALB/c males (mean ± SE). https://scispace.com/papers/sperm-motility-parameters-and-spermatozoa-morphometric-3b37ciua4o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-560-561-3p7m170g.png Figure 5 560 561 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-563-564-2m66v82b.png Figure 6 563 564 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-551-552-2w8j5d44.png Figure 1 551 552 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-553-att7ybwr.png Figure 2 553 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3555-1etmik2b.png Figure 3555 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-557-1xiubhw7.png Figure 4 557 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-548-549-2ac5hgdw.png Table 1 548 549 https://scispace.com/papers/spherical-magnetic-nanoparticles-magnetic-structure-and-2aixtx20p4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-396nfmxy.png Figure 4: https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-reduced-magnetic-susceptibility-calculated-from-a-1yv92tpa.png Table II: Reduced magnetic susceptibility calculated from (a) : equation (6); (b) equation (11). https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-angular-dependence-of-the-interaction-between-tz5h1j7l.png Table III: Angular dependence of the interaction between modomain particles. R = 10 nm; K1(1) = https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-2akfs2sg.png Figure 10: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-4fl2xguc.png Figure 9: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1rjipi5g.png Figure 3: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-3ho9rjjk.png Figure 5: https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-24d0ce3c.png Figure 6: https://scispace.com/papers/spies-the-spitzer-irac-equatorial-survey-1hr0fbegfj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-one-spies-3-6-mm-double-epoch-stacked-aor-from-1yp5f62f.png Figure 2. Left: one SpIES 3.6 μm, double-epoch, stacked AOR from which we extract sources. This is one of 77 stacked AORs (154 single epoch AORs divided by two epochs) that are strung together (see Figure 1) to cover the entire SpIES field. The red circular region illustrates the angular size of the moon, and the black region shows the coverage of the same AOR at 4.5 μm. Center: an example of the coverage map of the AOR, showing where the individual pointings of IRAC overlap when they are combined to form the AOR. These maps are unique to each AOR and are used as weighted images during source extraction. Pixels with lighter colors have more coverages. The AOR footprint has been padded with a band corresponding to zero coverage. Right: the flux density uncertainty map of each AOR, where the values only take into account details in pipeline processing error propagation, not source extraction. In this map, darker colors correspond to lower uncertainties in flux density. The lower uncertainties align with the higher coverage values shown in the central panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-completeness-as-a-function-of-3-6-mm-flux-density-20f73mpm.png Figure 12. Completeness as a function of 3.6 μm flux density (and [3.6]; left) and 4.5 μm flux density (and [4.5]; right) of our simulated sources. The orange dotted– dashed line marks the faintest detection of (5σ) objects at 6.13 μJy and 5.75 μJy at 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm, respectively; the red dashed line shows (2σ) objects at 2.58μJy and 2.47μJy at 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm, respectively, as measured from the curves in Figure 14. The completeness curves are less affected by artifacts at faint magnitudes since the analysis is done with simulated sources, and thus are better estimates of depth than the number counts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-completeness-levels-29etx1hf.png Table 9 Completeness Levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-astronomical-observation-request-aor-time-table-1wufizf8.png Table 3 Astronomical Observation Request (AOR) Time Table https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-aperture-correction-for-spies-ssqsfkw7.png Table 5 Aperture Correction for SpIES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-calculated-4-5-mm-5s-depth-to-2kqr4vpp.png Figure 3. Comparison of the calculated 4.5 μm 5σ depth to area of the major Spitzer surveys. Depths are calculated using the Spitzer Sensitivity Performance Estimation Tool (SENS-PET) assuming a low background. At ∼115 deg2 in area SpIES is the largest Spitzer survey and probes SWIRE depths (Lonsdale et al. 2003). Open circles show the measured depth (left; see Table 9) and calculated depth from SENS-PET with a medium background (right) for SpIES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-comparison-of-the-spies-and-sdss-astrometry-for-2l0cdptp.png Figure 11. Comparison of the SpIES and SDSS astrometry for matched point sources with good flags in both surveys. Darker regions and histograms show the approximate point density. We use the mean offsets of the ΔR.A. and Δdecl. distributions shown here to correct the SpIES astrometry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-spitzer-irac-equatorial-survey-spies-key-22l6c73i.png Table 1 The Spitzer IRAC Equatorial Survey (SpIES) Key Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/spillovers-from-the-oil-sector-to-the-housing-market-cycle-48d1xflogn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-continuous-time-weibull-model-for-normal-times-10cgg24g.png Table 7: Continuous-time (Weibull) model for normal times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-discrete-time-cloglog-model-that-is-analogue-to-the-mvm7sw3v.png Table 8: Discrete-time Cloglog model that is analogue to the continuous-time Weibull model for normal times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cloglog-regressions-that-are-performed-using-natural-20uqwtbf.png Table 3: Cloglog regressions that are performed using natural cubic splines of the hazard functions for housing booms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-non-parametric-estimates-for-the-hazard-rates-and-i8aykw7v.png Figure 2. Non-parametric estimates for the hazard rates and survival functions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-continuous-time-weibull-model-for-housing-busts-2vmim8by.png Table 4: Continuous-time (Weibull) model for housing busts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-discrete-time-cloglog-model-that-is-analogue-to-the-19nxojc3.png Table 5: Discrete-time Cloglog model that is analogue to the continuous-time Weibull model for housing busts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continuous-time-weibull-model-3vfcpeff.png Table 1: Continuous-time (Weibull) model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-cloglog-regressions-that-are-performed-using-natural-34gj24w5.png Table 9: Cloglog regressions that are performed using natural cubic splines of the hazard functions for normal times. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-degree-of-freedom-in-two-dimensional-exciton-3fid7tigug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phase-diagram-for-both-the-sign-ofd-m1-2-m2-and-the-3nbgtu8s.png FIG. 2. Phase diagram for both the sign ofd m1 2 m2 and the polarizationPme of the condensate (see text). Shade region corresponds to a condensate of unboundede-h pairs. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-exchange-term-in-the-solvent-equation-of-state-near-the-4op7ql3s8k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-contributions-to-the-pressure-and-to-the-energy-2l490x4l.png Figure 4: Contributions to the pressure and to the energy relative to the second order term in the density versus Zc at the critical point for the A-P EOS from Mo to Hg. bA-P, cA-P, and were taken from literature values for a given accentric factor w.10 The linear fit does not depend on the accentric factor w10 in relations (4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-ktc-evaluated-from-the-critical-isotherms-obtained-24z3l3vq.png Figure 3: KTc evaluated from the critical isotherms obtained using relations (3) and the experimental value of Zc (Table I). Five boundary conditions are used in (3) for Zc < 0.18). The parameters used are: https://scispace.com/papers/spin-orbit-alignment-for-the-eccentric-exoplanet-hd-147506b-4zv0gzrwl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-system-parameters-of-hd-147506-11ju2i2a.png TABLE 1 System Parameters of HD 147506 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photometry-and-spectroscopy-of-hd-147506-top-the-z-1g4soomb.png Fig. 1.—Photometry and spectroscopy of HD 147506.Top: The z-band photometry of Bakos et al. (2007), binned into groups of 4 points to reduce visual clutter. The solid line is our best-fitting model.Middle: Radial velocities, from this work and from Bakos et al. (2007), as a function of the time modulo the orbital period. The solid line is our best-fitting model.Bottom: Close-up of the radial velocities near the midtransit time. https://scispace.com/papers/spin-orbit-semimetal-sriro-3-in-the-two-dimensional-limit-9f8cmbdmso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-differential-conductance-ddi-dvth-spectra-acquired-vwr6nxcy.png FIG. 3. (a) Differential conductance ðdI=dVÞ spectra acquired on three different samples with film thicknesses of 4, 6, and 10 u.c.. Inset: STM topographic image of the surface of a 10 u.c. SrIrO3 film. (b) dI=dV spectra measured in a smaller energy range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-magnetoconductance-ds-1-4-sdbth-sd0th-in-units-of-e2-1r2o87bv.png FIG. 2. (a) Magnetoconductance Δσ ¼ σðBÞ − σð0Þ in units of e2=πh measured in an out-of-plane magnetic field for films of different thicknesses. (b) Δσ fitted by the Maekawa-Fukuyama formula (solid red lines). (c) lso and lφ extracted from the fits. (d) Relative susceptibility χðtÞ=χð30 u.c.Þ versus thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-optical-image-of-a-hall-bar-used-for-transport-3imws953.png FIG. 1. (a) Optical image of a Hall bar used for transport measurements. (b) HAADF-STEM image of a SrTiO3=10 u.c. SrIrO3=SrTiO3 heterostructure. (c) RðTÞ and (d) ρðTÞ curves for films of different thicknesses. The inset shows the temperature of the resistance minimum (Tmin) as a function of thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculated-electronic-structure-for-a-4-and-b-3-u-c-1qde82ku.png FIG. 4. Calculated electronic structure for (a) 4 and (b) 3 u.c. SrIrO3 films on tetragonal SrTiO3 with U ¼ 1.50 eV. Right: the corresponding DOS per formula unit as a function of energy. https://scispace.com/papers/spindle-cell-variant-of-medullary-thyroid-carcinoma-a-3zk6rkgnhx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1bd7e071.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/spinal-manipulative-therapy-for-chronic-low-back-pain-5ah8kesxif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-summary-forest-plot-as-part-of-the-sensitivity-ksay4w6d.png Figure 7. Summary forest plot as part of the sensitivity analyses. Comparison: SMT vs. all other interventions. Outcome: Pain at one month. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-forest-plot-of-comparison-7-smt-vs-any-other-2yqdd0ju.png Figure 5. Forest plot of comparison: 7. SMT vs. any other intervention - for studies with a low RoB only, outcome: 7.1 Pain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-group-therapy-had-the-worst-attendance-with-only-40-2mu26fol.png Table 3. Group therapy had the worst attendance, with only 40% of patients completing all therapy sessions, compared with 74%withinphysiotherapy and80%within osteopathy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-funnel-plot-of-comparison-3-smt-vs-any-other-fplq03iz.png Figure 3. Funnel plot of comparison: 3. SMT vs. any other intervention, outcome: 3.1 Pain. Negative values favour SMT; positive values favour the control intervention. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-risk-of-bias-summary-summary-of-authors-judgement-48acyxnb.png Figure 2. Risk of bias summary: Summary of authors’ judgement on risk of bias items within each included study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-summary-forest-plot-as-part-of-the-sensitivity-3hv8nvu8.png Figure 8. Summary forest plot as part of the sensitivity analyses. Comparison: SMT vs. all other interventions. Outcome: Functional status at one month. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-forest-plot-of-comparison-7-smt-vs-any-other-2kpxdoux.png Figure 6. Forest plot of comparison: 7. SMT vs. any other intervention - for studies with a low RoB only, outcome: 7.2 Functional status. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-funnel-plot-of-comparison-3-smt-vs-any-other-29belhpn.png Figure 4. Funnel plot of comparison: 3. SMT vs. any other intervention, outcome: 3.2 Functional status. Negative values favour SMT; positive values favour the control intervention. https://scispace.com/papers/spinel-based-ceramic-membranes-coupling-solid-sludge-15ahytutff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pore-size-distribution-a-and-pure-water-flux-b-of-ss-3ipp0wlb.png Fig. 3. Pore size distribution (a) and pure water flux (b) of SS-HFCM and LFS-HFCM sintered at 1250 °C for 2 h, (c) FT-IR spectra, (d) water contact angle, (e) XPS survey Al Kα photoelectron spectrum and (f) XPS Ni2p3/2 spectrum of LFS-HFCM sintered at 1250 °C for 2 h. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-diagram-of-thermal-conversion-reaction-309ex24a.png Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of thermal conversion reaction mechanism for spinel NiAl2O4 formation via high temperature reaction between NiO and bauxite mineral. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spinel-based-hfcms-for-o-w-emulsion-separation-a-time-1bgz56lz.png Fig. 4. Spinel-based HFCMs for O/W emulsion separation, (a) Time-dependent permeate fluxes before and after chemical cleaning for SS-HFCM and LFS-HFCM sintered at 1250 °C at different cross-flow velocities ranging from 0.56 to 1.67 m·s-1, (b) variation of oil rejection for LFS-HFCM at different crossflow velocities ranging from 0.56 to 1.67 m·s-1, (c) comparison of oil rejection between SS-HFCM and LFS-HFCM at a cross-flow velocity of 1.67 m·s-1, and the inserted photos of feed and permeates after filtration by LFS-HFCM at a cross-flow velocity of 1.67 m·s-1: (1) first time filtration, (2) second time filtration after membrane regeneration and (3) tap water and (d) comparison of permeability and oil rejection between the existing state-of-the-art ceramic membranes reported in the literature and high flux spinel based ceramic membranes fabricated in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cross-sectional-sem-images-of-hfcms-with-different-3rorome5.png Fig. 2. Cross sectional SEM images of HFCMs with different magnifications, sintered at 1250 °C for 2 h: SS-HFCM (a1-c1) and LFS-HFCM (a2-c2). SS-HFCM and LFS-HFCM were prepared with pure water and 60 vol. % ethanol and 40 vol. % water mixture as external coagulant at a fixed air-gap distance of 15 cm, bore fluid flow rate of 20 mL·min-1 and solid state loading of 60 wt. %, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/spline-based-framework-for-interactive-segmentation-in-3n8pbhktwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-accuracy-statistics-of-our-snake-when-segmenting-332he0n5.png Table 2 Accuracy statistics of our snake when segmenting real MRI data. The best mean accuracy is highlighted for each M. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plug-in-settings-window-16pv40nb.png Fig. 5. Plug-in settings window. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-modified-imagejs-toolbar-incorporating-tools-to-jii53g4k.png Fig. 6. Modified ImageJ’s toolbar incorporating tools to interact with the snake. F t https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-error-percentage-of-our-snake-when-segmenting-hn6mpowo.png Table 1 Error percentage of our snake when segmenting synthetic data. https://scispace.com/papers/split-closure-and-intersection-cuts-5e8qwovia6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-deriving-a-conic-polyhedron-and-an-intersection-cut-3h0t3avd.png Fig. 2. Deriving a conic polyhedron and an intersection cut https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-effect-of-applying-a-split-disjunction-to-a-polytope-14zlrx3w.png Fig. 1. Effect of applying a split disjunction to a polytope https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-infeasible-bases-are-needed-in-theorem-1-239trr1j.png Fig. 3. Infeasible bases are needed in Theorem 1 https://scispace.com/papers/splitting-attention-across-the-two-visual-fields-in-visual-tdtijv5ln4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-rwge-nodege-huage-mis-cra-migege-kbu-raa-e-3jqbwx59.png Fig. 2. RWゲ┌ﾉデゲ ふAげ ;ﾐS Cﾗ┘;ﾐげゲ Kぶ ﾗa E┝ヮWヴｷﾏWﾐデ ヱく Eヴヴﾗヴ H;ヴゲ ヴWヮヴWゲWﾐデ ゲデ;ﾐS;ヴS Wヴヴﾗヴゲ ﾗa デｴW ﾏW;ﾐ values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rwge-nodege-huage-of-experiment-2-error-bars-represent-3vywje7x.png Fig. 4. RWゲ┌ﾉデゲ ふAげ) of Experiment 2. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustrations-of-the-different-conditions-and-the-h0x650on.png Fig. 3. Illustrations of the different conditions and the sequence of events in Experiment 2. The different gray levels represent different colors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustrations-of-the-four-conditions-and-the-sequence-18eq1pjs.png Fig. 1. Illustrations of the four conditions and the sequence of events in Experiment 1. The different gray levels represent different colors. https://scispace.com/papers/spray-dispersion-of-ultra-small-emt-zeolite-crystals-in-thin-vlc0eah01b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentrations-of-components-used-for-preparing-s1562gm3.png Table 1. Concentrations of components used for preparing different membranes. 21 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-structural-properties-of-dye-molecules-and-emt-2381fth8.png Table 3. The structural properties of dye molecules and EMT zeolite used in this 25 study. 26 27 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-the-nf-membrane-performance-from-this-12wqvmxt.png Table 4. Summary of the NF membrane performance from this work (S-EMT/PA-2) 14 and various membranes published. 15 16 https://scispace.com/papers/sprout-initiation-and-growth-for-three-years-after-cutting-5diolust11 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-cutting-plots-and-woody-plants-pre-and-3428cmhm.png Table 1 Summary of cutting plots and woody plants pre- and post-cutting https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-and-dbh-of-stumps-of-each-species-before-the-ju067gto.png Table 2 Number and DBH of stumps of each species before the cutting https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-spearman-s-correlation-cofficients-between-number-of-39bnsg8g.png Table 3 Spearman's correlation cofficients between number of sprouting shoots and height of dominant shoot in November 2001 https://scispace.com/papers/spouse-beliefs-about-partner-chronic-pain-2ahnsq6gvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-sopa-s-subscales-and-pain-3nlcepua.png Table 2. Correlations between SOPA-S subscales and pain adjustment variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intercorrelations-and-inter-item-reliabilities-of-1oss2jax.png Table 1. Intercorrelations and inter-item reliabilities of SOPA-S subscales. https://scispace.com/papers/spoof-surface-plasmon-polariton-band-stop-filter-with-single-mfulza0g3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-hfss-3-d-model-of-the-proposed-band-stop-filter-lm-7l8s7yef.png Fig. 2 (a) HFSS 3-D model of the proposed band-stop filter (Lm=162 μm, Wm=44 μm, L2=130 μm, W2=20 μm, L3=56 μm, Wgap=3 μm); (b) Dispersion diagram of spoof SPP waveguides with rectangular corrugations and SRRs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-spoof-spp-band-stop-filters-39btip63.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF SPOOF SPP BAND-STOP FILTERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cpw-to-spp-waveguide-transition-l1-3-mm-w1-9-mm-r-7-j9k4gfne.png Fig. 1 (a) CPW-to-SPP waveguide transition (L1=3 mm, W1=9 mm, R=7 mm, Pm=0.71 mm, Ws=82 μm, Wg=62 μm, T1=43 μm, T2=86 μm, T3=130 μm); (b) simulated S-parameters of the transition with (solid line) and without rectangular corrugations (dash line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-photograph-of-a-fabricated-band-stop-filter-b-a1swefam.png Fig. 4 (a) Photograph of a fabricated band-stop filter; (b) measured (solid line) and simulated (dash line) S-parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-simulated-electric-field-of-the-proposed-band-stop-3b96o8ht.png Fig. 3 (a) Simulated electric field of the proposed band-stop filter at the metal-dielectric interface at 60 and 49 GHz; (b) simulated S-parameters of the filter and a spoof SPP waveguide with rectangular corrugations; (c) resonant frequency shift by varying dimensions. https://scispace.com/papers/sqlmutation-a-tool-to-generate-mutants-of-sql-database-1q2evfu6bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-main-screen-web-interface-7hlqurab.png Figure 2. Main Screen (Web interface) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-architecture-of-the-tool-oqadrgv7.png Figure 1. Architecture of the tool https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-faults-committed-in-the-queries-1qyyx7rv.png Table 2. Faults committed in the queries https://scispace.com/papers/square-wave-thin-film-voltammetry-influence-of-uncompensated-20p10z7z8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimal-values-of-the-resistance-parameter-qmin-that-2o71db0z.png Table 2 Minimal values of the resistance parameter qmin that affect the SW voltammetric response of a reversible electrode reaction for different thicknesses of the film https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-dimensionless-sw-voltammetric-response-of-a-reversible-3bnptl2q.png Fig. 1. Dimensionless SW voltammetric response of a reversible electrode reaction occurring in a film with a thickness parameter K ¼ 0:632. The signal parameters were: SW amplitude nEsw ¼ 50 mV and the scan increment dE ¼ 10 mV. Wf ; Wb; Wnet are symbols for forward, backward and net components of the SW voltammetric response, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-influence-of-the-resistance-parameter-q-on-the-1nyf130f.png Fig. 3. Influence of the resistance parameter q on the dimensionless net-peak current DWp of a reversible electrode reaction for different thickness parameters. The thickness parameter was: K ¼ 0:632 (a), 0.948 (b), 1.581 (c), and 15.811 (d). The other conditions of the simulations were same as in the caption of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-effect-of-the-uncompensated-resistance-on-the-b8jdgth3.png Fig. 2. The effect of the uncompensated resistance on the dimensionless SW voltammograms of a reversible electrode reaction. The resistance parameter was: q ¼ 0 (a), 1 (b) and 3 (c). The other conditions of the simulations were the same as in the caption of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-influence-of-the-kinetic-parameter-k-on-the-2opt4sq1.png Fig. 4. Influence of the kinetic parameter k on the dimensionless netpeak current DWp of a quasireversible electrode reaction for different thickness parameters. The thickness parameter was: K ¼ 0:316 (a), 0.632 (b), 0.948 (c), and 1.581 (d). The other conditions of the simulations were same as in the caption of Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-of-the-real-net-sw-peak-current-dip-of-1yf40tmr.png Fig. 5. Dependence of the real net SW peak current DIp of iodine reduction on the concentration of perchloric acid in the aqueous phase. Besides perchloric acid, the aqueous phase contained 0.1 mol/l Na2SO4 whereas the organic phase was a 0.1 mol/l iodine solution in nitrobenzene. The other experimental conditions were: SW amplitude Esw ¼ 50 mV, scan increment dE ¼ 0:5 mV, and SW frequency f ¼ 10 (a), 30 (b) and 50 Hz (c). The inset shows SW voltammograms of iodine reduction recorded at a three-phase arrangement in 2 mol/l water solution of HClO4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-influence-of-the-sw-frequency-on-the-ratio-of-the-30mxh9wk.png Fig. 8. The influence of the SW frequency on the ratio of the SW peak currents and the square root of the frequency for oxidation of dmfc. The aqueous phase contained 1 mol/l LiNO3 solution. The other conditions were same as in the caption of Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-of-the-real-net-sw-peak-current-of-dmfc-2zjsv41i.png Fig. 6. Dependence of the real net SW peak current of dmfc oxidation on the concentration of NaCl (a) tetramethylammonim chloride (b), and tetrabutylammonium chloride (c). The symbol MCl used in the abscissa title is a common abbreviation for all three salts. Besides the respective salt, the aqueous phase contained 0.1 mol/l Na2SO4. The organic phase was a 0.1 mol/l dmfc solution in nitrobenzene. The other experimental conditions were: SW frequency f ¼ 20 Hz, SW amplitude Esw ¼ 50 mV, and scan increment dE ¼ 0:5 mV. https://scispace.com/papers/squid-developments-for-the-gravitational-wave-antenna-283znxbznv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-characteristics-measured-with-sweeping-magnetic-flux-2kwi42t2.png Fig. 4. Characteristics measured with sweeping magnetic flux measured in single stage with current bias at 4.2 K (upper) and at 0.6 K (lower). The applied bias currents are indicated on the right side of the graphs. A constant flux bias was applied. The signal coil was shunted with a resistor of 50 and a capacitor of 1 nF in series. For the lower working range, at 4.2 K the maximum flux-to-voltage transfer was estimated to be 220 V= (at 19.2 A) and at 0.6 K 440 V= (at 20.4 A). For the higher working range we estimated at 4.2 K a transfer of 38 V= (at 26.3 A) and at 0.6 K of 75 V= . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-measured-minimum-sensitivity-of-the-dc-squid-with-2f1scy2z.png Fig. 5. The measured minimum sensitivity of the dc-SQUID with a parallel washer configuration measured at different temperatures. The energy resolution was calculated from the measured flux-noise using the SQUID inductance estimated during the design process (233 pH). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-characteristics-measured-with-sweeping-magnetic-flux-18am2fxu.png Fig. 3. Characteristics measured with sweeping magnetic flux in single stage with current bias at 4.2 K (upper) and at 0.3 K (lower). The applied bias currents are indicated on the right side of the graphs. A constant flux bias was applied. The signal coil was shunted with a resistor of 30 and a capacitor of 1 nF in series. The maximum flux-to-voltage transfer was estimated to be 270 V= at 4.2 K and 820 V= at 0.3 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-dc-squid-with-a-parallel-washer-k5v1oq00.png Fig. 2. Schematic of the dc-SQUID with a parallel washer configuration. For simplicity, the shunt resistors in parallel to the Josephson junctions and the coils https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-dc-squid-with-integrated-flux-2uqwte5o.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the dc-SQUID with integrated flux transformer. For simplicity, the shunt resistors and the coils coupling to the gradiometric signal https://scispace.com/papers/srocs-leveraging-stigmergy-on-a-multi-robot-construction-325rndquvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-building-a-barrier-along-a-heterogeneity-in-the-1am4wzjp.png Fig. 4. Building a barrier along a heterogeneity in the environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-building-a-chamber-like-structure-using-a-template-17zipx79.png Fig. 3. Building a chamber-like structure using a template https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prototypes-of-a-the-stigmergic-building-block-and-b-250aqbm9.png Fig. 1. Prototypes of (a) the stigmergic building block and (b) the mobile robot https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-construction-of-a-pyramid-24k5sh3j.png Fig. 2. Construction of a pyramid https://scispace.com/papers/stability-analysis-ofa-synchronous-generator-based-control-1k43ond75b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-simulation-parameters-1cvecwgn.png TABLE I: SIMULATION PARAMETERS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-effects-of-changing-the-virtual-inertia-j-on-the-eh75os7i.png Fig. 4. The effects of changing the virtual inertia (J) on the DSC error curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-model-for-integration-of-large-scale-rers-3bvdl0st.png Fig. 1. General model for integration of large-scale RERs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-nyquist-diagram-of-do-versus-the-step-variation-of-15lmsy7j.png Fig. 5. The Nyquist diagram of Δω versus the step variation of: (a) VMPE (ΔPm), and (b) other components errors of (ΔQ, Δud, ΔPc1, and ΔPd). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-various-values-of-inertia-on-the-proposed-control-uuogx8q2.png Fig. 6. Various values of inertia on the proposed control technique: (a) grid frequency, and (b) grid voltage magnitude. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-proposed-control-technique-based-on-inherit-1p853n7v.png Fig. 2. The proposed control technique based on inherit feature of synchronous generator. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-and-stabilization-of-discrete-time-semi-markov-dlenk5vqdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-theorem-1-for-m-3-in-k-vi-coordinate-2axlvz4i.png Fig. 2. Illustration of Theorem 1 for M = 3. In (k, Vi)-coordinate, solid line shows the real evolution of Lyapunov function, and in (τ, Vi)-coordinate, dashed line illustrates a possible evolution of the Lyapunov function starting from a fixed mode at a certain jumping instant; circles initiate V1, squares initiate V2 and triangles initiate V3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimal-t-imax-varying-with-hi-and-the-s-error-varying-2ofq3o2i.png Fig. 4. Optimal T imax varying with hi and the σ-error varying with T i max, i = 1,2,3 (note that in (a)-(c), four squares or circles in the horizontal specify a face where the T imax is constant, e.g., in (a), for 0.001 ≤ h2 ≤ 0.002, and 1.5 ≤ h3 ≤ 1.6, T 1max is 8 and 7 for h1 = 0.01 and h1 = 0.001, respectively). (a) Variation of optimal T 1max. (b) Variation of optimal T 2 max. (c) Variation of optimal T 3 max. (d) σ-error varying with T i max. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-100-realizations-of-state-response-for-different-8poy9xg7.png Fig. 5. 100 realizations of state response for different random jumping sequences satisfying T 1max = T 2 max = 9 and T 3 max = 3. (a) State response x1. (b) State response x2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-optimal-t-imax-and-the-minimal-s-error-for-given-1uqsd80l.png TABLE I THE OPTIMAL T imax AND THE MINIMAL σ-ERROR FOR GIVEN DIFFERENT hi, i = 1, 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-100-realizations-of-state-response-of-the-system-when-33fz658l.png Fig. 3. 100 realizations of state response of the system when generating different random jumping sequences. In (b) and (d), the sequences are further subject to T 1max = 5, T 2 max = 7 and T 1 max = 4, T 2 max = 3, respectively. (a) α = 1.07 (not MSS). (b) α = 1.07 (σ-MSS with σ-error = 0.09). (c) α = 1.15 (not MSS). (d) α = 1.15 (σ-MSS with σ-error = 0.27). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-stochastic-processes-rn-kn-and-sn-m-3-14vztog2.png Fig. 1. Illustration of stochastic processes Rn, kn and Sn (M = 3). https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-recombinant-2-s-albumin-allergens-in-vitro-5cc0t4dr12 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cd-spectra-of-ber-e-1-0-146-mg-ml-1-under-various-3ks83gbn.png Figure 2 CD spectra of Ber e 1 (0.146 mg [ ml−1) under various conditions https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-relative-equilibria-of-three-vortices-4q2toi95js 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-trilinear-1-2-3-diagram-used-to-classify-regimes-19or4buu.png FIG. 2. The trilinear 1 , 2 , 3 diagram used to classify regimes of three-vortex motion. The various curves dividing up “circulation space” are explained in the text. The circle circumscribed about the basic equilateral triangle is given by Eq. 47 . The dashed lines are 1+ 3=0 and 2+ 3=0, respectively. The cusped curve is given by Eq. 46 . Labels 1, 2, etc., give the various regimes summarized in Table I. The convention 3 2 1 on the three circulations restricts interest to a subset of the diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-n-0-collinear-relative-equilibrium-1b88nwyv.png FIG. 3. Schematic of the n=0 collinear relative equilibrium solution for 1 , 2 , 3 = 1,1 ,r . The positions along the common vertical line are shown as a function of r. Solid dots correspond to positive vortices, open dots to negative vortices. The radii of the dots scale with the magnitude of the circulation. Clockwise and counterclockwise rotation are indicated with the dividing line at r=−1. Stability and instability are indicated by s and u, respectively, with the dividing line at r=− 12 . Note the singularity at r=−1 two vortices occupy the same position and that vortex 3 has become a passive particle at r=0. The vortex positions are plotted from Eq. 45 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-stability-of-collinear-relative-equilibria-of-three-2e0evqw9.png TABLE II. Stability of collinear relative equilibria of three vortices as a function of circulations, 3 2 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-different-regimes-of-three-vortex-motion-in-terms-of-1a0czyjg.png TABLE I. Different regimes of three-vortex motion in terms of 1 and 2 from Ref. 4 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stability-results-for-collinear-relative-equilibria-in-11qqssnw.png FIG. 4. Stability results for collinear relative equilibria in the trilinear 1 , 2 , 3 diagram of Fig. 2. Symbols are s for “stable,” u for “unstable,” and m for “marginal.” Superscripts signify direction of rotation: “ ” for counterclockwise rotation, “ ” for clockwise, and “0” for a stationary equilibrium. When there is more than one equilibrium, the numerals 0, 1, and 2 refer to the indexing of the three real roots of the cubic determining the collinear relative equilibria. The portion of the line 2=1 where there are no solutions is shown as bold and dashed and labeled “no solution.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-four-collinear-relative-equilibria-singled-out-by-the-2oi7rxkw.png FIG. 1. Four collinear relative equilibria singled out by the analysis. a 1 , 2 , 3 = 1,1 ,−1 , unstable; b 2,1, 3 , sum of circulations is zero, stable; c 1, 3 /2,−1 , marginally stable; d 32 ,1 ,− 3 5 , unstable. Configurations a – c rotate clockwise; d is stationary. Linear scale differs from configuration to configuration. Solid dots correspond to positive, open dots to negative circulation. The radii of the dots scale with the magnitude of the circulation. https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-the-wtp-measurements-with-successive-use-of-4n2dgzb2aw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-econometric-equation-of-the-choice-model-of-scenario-s0aj8ibv.png Table 6 - Econometric equation of the choice model of scenario k according to the scenario’s characteristics (conditional logit model) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-econometric-equation-of-the-choice-of-accepting-to-1bqiyj4o.png Table 5 – Econometric equation of the choice of accepting to pay for scenario k in the multi-programme evaluation (logit model with individual random-effects ) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-distributions-of-the-wtp-from-the-17ys5qtn.png Table 2 - Comparison of the distributions of the WTP from the two methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-econometric-equation-of-the-choice-model-with-the-1lklaf1g.png Table 4 – Econometric equation of the choice model with the experimental choice analysis method https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-different-levels-of-attributes-for-cem-in-monts-q8vptyhd.png Table 3 – Different levels of attributes for CEM in Monts d’Arrée https://scispace.com/papers/stability-of-the-diagonal-pivoting-method-with-partial-4jufmrkbj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-backward-error-for-computed-solution-of-indefinite-wcw1u6aa.png Table 2.1 Backward error for computed solution of indefinite system of order 3. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilization-of-controlled-diffusions-and-zubov-s-method-ae5xr11bjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-numerically-determined-controllability-1pd6p3c2.png Figure 1. Numerically determined controllability probabilities for σ = 0, 0.1, 0.5 (top to bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerically-determined-controllability-1sfais6x.png Figure 2. Numerically determined controllability probabilities for σ = 0.5 including the value for x1 = 0 https://scispace.com/papers/stabilization-of-cubic-structure-in-mn-doped-hafnia-44nw9z5k8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-images-for-hf1-xmnxo2-d-with-different-mn-1dauyrnd.png Figure 6: SEM images for Hf1−xMnxO2−δ with different Mn content (a) x = 0.05; (b) x = 0.10; (c) x = 0.20; (d) x = 0.30; (e) x = 0.40; (f) x = 0.50. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tg-and-dsc-curves-for-hf0-7mn0-3o2-d-green-powder-17e4vla2.png Figure 4: TG and DSC curves for Hf0.7Mn0.3O2−δ green powder in Ar (a) and for as-grown pellet in air (b). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-lattice-parameters-and-cell-volume-dependent-on-the-h7ickmt3.png Figure 5: Lattice parameters and cell volume dependent on the Mn content x in Hf1−xMnxO2−δ. The cell volume of transformed monoclinic phase derived from Fig. 3b is 138.07 Å3. The lattice constant and cell volume of the pure cubic HfO2 are 5.12 Å and 133.82 Å3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-xrd-patterns-for-the-as-grown-sample-sintered-at-hzix2xxi.png Figure 3: XRD patterns for the as-grown sample sintered at 1400◦C in Ar (a) and after annealing at 1000◦C in air (b) for Hf0.7Mn0.3O2−δ. Diffraction peak of precipitated Mn2O3 phase after annealing is indicated by star symbol. https://scispace.com/papers/stabilization-of-the-ferroelectric-phase-in-epitaxial-hf1-4i88mesvjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-temperature-diffraction-maps-for-hf1-xzrxo2-x-0-a-2i4iaea5.png Figure 2. 2-temperature diffraction maps for Hf1-xZrxO2 x=0 (a), 0.5 (c) and 1 (d) films. The corresponding integrated intensity as a function of temperature for the o(111) peak is in panels (b,d,f). Panel b includes the temperature dependence of the intensity of the m(-111). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-xrd-2-scans-of-hf1-xzrxo2-films-x-0-0-25-0-5-0-75-3f9fjp5n.png Figure 1. (a) XRD -2 scans of Hf1-xZrxO2 films (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1). (b) Out-of-plane o-HZO(111) lattice distance of Hf1-xZrxO2 films (black squares) and intensity of o-HZO(111) normalized to LSMO(002) (red cycles), plotted as a function of Zr content. (c) Hysteresis loops of Hf1-xZrxO2 films. (d) Dependence of Pr on Zr content, recorded by DLCC (black squares) and PUND (red cycles) mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-the-memory-window-2pr-of-hf1-xzrxo2-films-after-iu7kd3pv.png Figure 5. (a) The memory window (2Pr) of Hf1-xZrxO2 films after different number of cycles. Current-voltage curves of (b) ZrO2 and (c) HfO2 films after different number of cycles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-current-versus-voltage-loops-using-pund-10s11eti.png Figure 4. (a) Current versus voltage loops using PUND measurements of ZrO2, Hf0.25Zr0.75O2 and Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films recorded at 1kHz. (b) Electroresistance of Hf1-xZrxO2 films evaluated at -4V (see Supporting Information S8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-pfm-amplitude-hysteresis-loops-taken-on-the-bare-habhn9q6.png Figure 3. (a) PFM amplitude hysteresis loops taken on the bare surface of Hf1-xZrxO2 films (x=0.5, 0.75 and 1). (b) Current density versus applied voltage characteristics of all Hf1-xZrxO2 films. (c) Current density versus Zr content evaluated at 1 and 4 V. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-and-passive-high-power-dual-active-bridge-converters-6vtyl8dgsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-fourier-series-coefficients-of-the-signals-involved-in-2mg7keps.png Fig. 5. Fourier Series coefficients of the signals involved in the high frequency model. Black bars correspond to dc-bias components. Red bars correspond to small-signal perturbation signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-benchmark-for-ac-vs-dc-comparison-lv-electric-2hy1f1gi.png Fig. 1. A benchmark for ac vs dc comparison; LV electric machine and connection to a MV distribution line. a) Conventional solution based on LVAC power electronics and step-up transformer. b) Solution based on DAB which directly interfaces MVDC distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-theoretical-bandwidth-limit-for-passivity-compliance-a-2s7v0cyl.png Fig. 6. Theoretical bandwidth limit for passivity compliance. a) Nominal power injection (2 MW). b) 2.5% of nominal power injection. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-real-time-hil-experimental-setup-a-model-and-36o1g2rp.png Fig. 7. Real time HIL experimental setup. (a) Model and controller implementation diagram. (b) Physical Devices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-proposed-system-a-dab-circuit-b-proposed-controller-1r9t3xuj.png Fig. 3. Proposed system. a) DAB circuit. b) Proposed controller implementation: A1(t), A2(kTs1), C(kTs2) represent the anti-aliasing filters, a low pass filter to smooth power measurement and the main controller, respectively. c) Low frequency linearized model of the closed-loop; in blue the ṽ2(s) perturbation path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-mvdc-distribution-system-of-a-dc-wind-farm-2k4o9xtp.png Fig. 2. Simplified MVDC distribution system of a DC wind farm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-experimental-results-for-y2-o-the-theoretical-curves-1aikhnmg.png Fig. 11. Experimental results for Y2(ω). The theoretical curves are obtained from (21). (a) operation at 2 MW. (b) operation at 1 MW. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-steady-state-waveforms-working-at-rated-power-pref-2-25ivzfqb.png Fig. 8. Steady-state waveforms working at rated power (Pref = 2 MW,Φ = 39 deg). With reference to Fig. 7(a), the phaseangles of PWM1 and PWM2 are φ(t) and φ(t)− Φ(t), respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-high-average-power-degenerate-optical-parametric-25xvoru24o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-measured-single-pulse-profile-and-b-pulse-train-1zbmzzfu.png Fig. 3. (a) The measured single pulse profile, and (b) pulse train over 100 ms of the OPO output. The measured output spectrum of the (c) OPG, and (d) grating-cavity OPO at degeneracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-power-scaling-of-the-grating-cavity-opo-at-different-33usufcx.png Fig. 2. (a) Power scaling of the grating cavity OPO at different repetition rates. (b) Power stability of the grating cavity OPO. Inset: the beam profile of the degenerate output. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-of-the-degenerate-opo-setup-l-2-half-wave-178xgos3.png Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the degenerate OPO setup. λ/2, half-wave plate. (b) Laboratory photograph of the grating-cavity OPO. https://scispace.com/papers/stable-distributions-as-noise-models-for-molecular-f3t99495mi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-tail-of-different-stable-random-variables-2wzh5jgq.png Fig. 3. The tail of different stable random variables. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-cumulative-distribution-function-of-different-1iknoslu.png Fig. 2. The cumulative distribution function of different standardized stable distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-probability-density-function-of-different-2k61m0v6.png Fig. 1. The probability density function of different standardized stable distributions. https://scispace.com/papers/stakeholder-engagement-in-construction-exploring-corporate-3xnz7haymr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-stakeholder-engagement-model-segments-greenwood-2007-x47m0fzl.png Table 2: stakeholder engagement model segments (Greenwood, 2007, p.323) 829 830 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stakeholder-engagement-agency-quadrant-definitions-1t0hjnwf.png Table 1: stakeholder engagement/agency quadrant definitions (see Greenwood, 2007, p.322) 820 821 https://scispace.com/papers/stakeholder-conceptions-of-later-life-consumer-vulnerability-l1euwc64wf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stakeholder-sample-by-sector-2ppzvfjh.png Table 1 Stakeholder sample by sector https://scispace.com/papers/stacked-space-time-densities-a-geovisualisation-approach-to-2gu1mqi8e2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-space-time-density-for-bird-298-calculated-using-four-23piknxv.png Fig. 7. Space-time density for bird 298 calculated using four different decay types: a) linear decay, b) bisquare decay, c) Gaussian decay and d) decay using the Brownian bridges approach. The x and y axis show easting and northing in metres and the z axis time in seconds (24h = 86400s). In this example, the nest is already removed from the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-2d-and-3d-densities-on-two-simulated-uv5b3o6u.png Fig. 3. Comparison of 2D and 3D densities on two simulated sets of trajectories. Each set of trajectories includes four trajectories. Panel (a) shows the space-time cube of trajectory set A, representing a spatial-only hotspot and panel (b) the space time cube of trajectory set B, representing a spatio-temporal hotspot. Panel (c) shows the spatial distributions of points in each set: these distributions are identical for both sets of trajectories. (d) is a map of the 2D density of trajectories in each set: these two densities are also identical for both sets of trajectories. However, (e) the stacked space-time density volume of trajectory set A and (f) the stacked space-time density volume of trajectory set B present a different pattern and enable visual distinction between two different types of movement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-correction-for-central-place-foraging-behaviour-of-2okskq40.png Fig. 8. Correction for central-place foraging behaviour of lesser black backed gulls. Figure shows two space-time densities for bird 311, where in a) all points were taken into account and in b) points within the 150m buffer around the nest were removed prior to density calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-space-time-density-for-bird-311-using-gaussian-decay-1y29ydg4.png Fig. 10. Space-time density for bird 311 using Gaussian decay, shown with volume rendering in a) and b), c) from the east, d) from the top and e) with an isosurface. The temporal column that identifies the area around the nest is clearly identifiable. There is another area that is visited often, indicated with an arrow in the top view d), which represents a spatial only hot spot, i.e. an area that the bird visits often, but where it does not stay for long. This is most clearly identifiable in the isosurface, where this https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evaluation-process-of-space-time-st-density-vs-stacked-2yteywyt.png Fig. 4. Evaluation process of space-time (ST) density vs. stacked densities. We use the same artificial trajectory data sets to calculate ST and stacked density fields. Each of these fields is then displayed as density volume using the same volume rendering method. In statistics, density fields are often compared directly [20] using various error and other measures (first purple arrow). We cannot do this, since our two density fields treat volume dimensions differently [54]. In volumetric visualisation, different volumes are compared through quantification of efficiency [57] of their respective volume rendering methods (second purple arrow). This is not applicable in our case, since we use the same rendering for both volumes. Instead, we adopt two frequently applied evaluation methods from information visualisation [29], algorithm performance (left green arrow) and qualitative inspection (right green arrow). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-space-time-density-13-for-a-a-spatial-only-hotspot-zpunh8xt.png Fig. 5. Space-time density [13] for a) a spatial-only hotspot (case A) and b) spatiotemporal hotspot (case B). Densities are shown with identical volume rendering parameters as stacked densities in panels 3e) and 3f) respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-geographic-positions-of-a-bird-298-and-b-bird-311-2qa2iqdd.png Fig. 6. Geographic positions of a) bird 298 and b) bird 311, covering a time period of 30 days (June 2010). c) Location of nests on Texel island and 150m buffers around each individual nest that were used to compensate for central-place foraging behaviour of lesser black backed gulls by d) removing all trajectory points within the 150m of the nest (bird 311 in this example). In the background is the land use map of this area of the Netherlands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-space-time-density-for-bird-298-using-gaussian-decay-z8blz4ez.png Fig. 9. Space-time density for bird 298 using Gaussian decay, shown from different angles with volume rendering in a) and b), c) from the south, d) from the top and e) with an isosurface. The area around the nest is identifiable as a temporal column that spans the entire height of the volume (24h). There is an additional smaller temporal column, south-east from the nest, which represents a spatio-temporal hot spot. This is a place that the bird visited frequently, mostly in the mornings and stayed there for a while. This is best seen in the view from the front, c) and in the isosurface displays e), where this hot spot is one uninterrupted high density area. Geographical location of https://scispace.com/papers/stakeholder-identification-in-inter-organizational-systems-kq8y3k1ym2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-principles-of-stakeholder-behaviour-and-their-2fetdgrb.png Table 2: Principles of stakeholder behaviour and their practical implications https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-expanding-the-list-of-stakeholders-276da75l.png Table 1: Expanding the list of stakeholders https://scispace.com/papers/starch-based-microspheres-produced-by-emulsion-crosslinking-4vgp845iq4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-designation-of-starch-microspheres-according-the-a1da4m95.png Table 1 Designation of starch microspheres according the crosslinking reaction conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-single-emulsion-38g9x1hk.png Fig. 1 Schematic representation of single emulsion crosslinking technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-representation-of-double-emulsion-2sipjdvp.png Fig. 2 Schematic representation of double emulsion crosslinking technique. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-particle-size-and-distribution-of-starch-microspheres-zfwal81b.png Fig. 5 Particle size and distribution of starch microspheres as function of different reaction conditions (S1 – surf., ↑ rpm; S2 – surf., ↓ rpm; S3 – No surf., ↓ rpm). Please see Table 1 for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-xrd-diffractograms-of-starch-microspheres-obtained-by-1wu0kpxg.png Fig. 6 XRD diffractograms of starch microspheres obtained by emulsion crosslinking technique. Please note that (•) correspond to sodium phosphate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ms-release-profile-of-starch-loaded-microspheres-as-2dxxosuu.png Fig. 7 MS release profile of starch loaded microspheres as function of release medium. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sem-micrographs-showing-the-starch-microspheres-1vo9itgy.png Fig. 4 SEM micrographs showing the starch-microspheres morphology. (Please note the respective scale bars). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-optical-micrographs-showing-the-evolution-of-emulsion-e87l5lx5.png Fig. 3 Optical micrographs showing the evolution of emulsion crosslinking reaction after (a) 2 h and (b) 6h. https://scispace.com/papers/star-formation-rate-distributions-inadequacy-of-the-51mrymecc9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-upper-panel-far-uv-luminosity-functions-based-on-1d2jww0c.png Figure 6. Upper panel: far-UV luminosity functions based on the Salim et al. (2007) sample with (dots) and without (open squares) dust correction. Dust corrections are determined on a galaxy-by-galaxy basis. Error bars are determined from the standard deviation of bootstrap samples. Red lines represent best-fitting Schechter functions. A Schechter function is an acceptable fit only for the uncorrected LF. Lower panel: LFs are repeated from the upper panel, but the fitting functions (green curves) are now Saunders et al. (1990) functions, which feature Gaussian high ends instead of exponentials in the Schechter function. They provide excellent fits for both the uncorrected and the corrected LFs. An LF corrected using average statistical relations (e.g., between dust attenuation and stellar mass) would also yield steep Schechter-like bright-end slopes, and not the much shallower slope of the true SFRF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relation-3-and-the-resulting-sfr-functions-sfrs-are-17yltrg5.png Figure 3. Relation 3 and the resulting SFR functions. SFRs are bimodal and include the scatter around a star-forming and a passive sequence, with the fraction of galaxies in each sequence depending on mass as explained in Section 2.4. Upper panel shows the mock SFR–mass relation. SFRs on the passive sequence reach very low values. Dotted lines show limits of mass- and SFR-limited samples. Lower panels show the resulting SFR functions for the mass-limited (left, logM∗ > 8) and the SFR-limited case (right, log SFR > −2). Vertical dashed lines indicate the lower range used in fitting the extended Schechter functions (thin, blue curves). Extended Schechter functions and Saunders functions (not shown) yield good fits in the fitted regions. For the mass-limited case we also fit a double Gaussian (in log SFR, thick green curve), which produces a good fit for the entire SFRF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relation-1-and-the-resulting-sfr-functions-sfr-2gm95xtz.png Figure 1. Relation (1) and the resulting SFR functions. SFR scales as a sub-linear power of M∗, with no scatter, the simplest of the three relations that we explore. Upper panel shows the dependence of SFR on stellar mass. The relation appears jagged because it is represented as the bivariate density image, which is pixelated. The underlying stellar mass function is assumed to have the Schechter form. Dotted lines show limits for mass- and SFR-limited samples. Lower panels show the resulting SFR functions for the mass-limited (left, logM∗ > 8) and the SFR-limited samples (right, log SFR > −2). Vertical dashed lines indicate the lower cutoff used in the fitting. Red curves represent the best-fitting Schechter functions. Neither Schechter fit describes the SFRF accurately. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-explanation-as-to-why-the-schechter-3txewkf0.png Figure 8. Schematic explanation as to why the Schechter function is not an adequate description of the dust-corrected FUV LF (i.e., SFRF). The mean relation between luminosity and mass is closer to linear, leading to a smaller shift to the left (dotted curve), which results in a flatter LF when scatter is applied (solid curve) and a much larger departure with respect to the Schechter function (dashed curve). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-explanation-as-to-why-the-schechter-2r4ne9of.png Figure 7. Schematic explanation as to why the Schechter function appears to be an adequate description of the uncorrected FUV LF despite the very different character of UV and optical/near-IR populations. For a distribution to have a Schechter form it needs to have a linear dependence on mass with no scatter (dashed curve). Severe sub-linearity, as in FUV luminosity vs. mass, makes the distribution much steeper (dotted curve), but adding the right amount of scatter to such a nonlinear relation (solid curve) modifies the high-end tail into a form that resembles the Schechter function (dashed curve). Similar principles would apply to LFs in near-UV or the Hα LF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fraction-of-the-total-sfr-density-that-is-accounted-29rzv4x8.png Figure 4. Fraction of the total SFR density that is accounted for by integrating mock bimodal SFRF down to a given mass limit (x-axis) and SFR limit (different curves). To probe 90% of the SFR density in the local universe requires sampling galaxies to logM∗ ≈ 8 and log SFR > −1. The figure can be used to determine the correction factors (1/fraction) to be applied to the SFR density determinations in the local universe (z ∼ 0.1) obtained from the direct numerical integration of the SFRF and to estimate the yield of planned SFR surveys. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-upper-panel-the-observed-z-0-1-sfr-function-35gy7zo6.png Figure 5. Upper panel: the observed z ∼ 0.1 SFR function obtained from Salim et al. (2007) data, where SFRs where obtained from UV and optical SED fitting of an optically selected sample with logM∗ > 8. SFRF is a composite of each galaxy’s SFR probability distribution, not a single value. Error bars are determined from the standard deviation of bootstrap samples. Green curves represent double Gaussian fits. Lower panel: same as upper panel except that the SFRF was constructed such that each galaxy’s SFR was given by a single value (mean of the probability distribution). Green curves are repeated from the upper panel. Most of the SFRF stays unchanged. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relation-2-and-the-resulting-sfr-functions-sfr-2xedv37r.png Figure 2. Relation 2 and the resulting SFR functions. SFR scales as the power of M∗, with a Gaussian scatter of 0.4 dex in log SFR (lognormal in linear SFR). The upper panel shows the dependence of SFR on the stellar mass. Dotted lines show the limits of mass- and SFR-limited samples. Lower panels show the resulting SFR functions for the mass-limited (left, logM∗ > 8) and the SFR-limited samples (right, log SFR > −2). Vertical dashed lines indicate the lower limits used in fitting. Thick curves (red) represent the best-fitting Schechter functions, which describe the distributions very poorly. Thin curves (blue) are the best-fitting extended Schechter functions, which yield very good fits in the fitted regions. https://scispace.com/papers/state-model-degree-reduction-of-a-multistate-complex-system-50nsdrtivd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representing-the-three-possible-cases-for-one-3d3lxodz.png Figure 1: Representing the three possible cases for one single unit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-system-of-two-parallel-units-fmkh4j6t.png Figure 2: System of two parallel units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-complex-system-3mugx84o.png Figure 4: Complex System. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-intermediate-fault-tree-equivalent-to-the-diagram-m6dzhgww.png Figure 5: Intermediate fault tree equivalent to the diagram shown in Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-system-of-two-units-in-series-3k3ptsvl.png Figure 3: System of two units in series. https://scispace.com/papers/state-of-emergency-and-human-mobility-during-the-covid-19-5g8dmbs97z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1st-2nd-3rd-and-4th-soe-and-human-mobility-retail-3o4dp2ke.png Table 4. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th SoE and human mobility: Retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacies, and parks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-soe-and-human-mobility-public-transport-workplaces-2cuqu4o9.png Table 3. SoE and human mobility: Public transport, workplaces, and residential area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stringency-and-consumption-y9a80oa3.png Figure 3. Stringency and consumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-3a6xvwen.png Table 1. Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-descriptive-changes-in-mobility-retail-and-23uk1iu2.png Figure 1. Descriptive changes in mobility: Retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacies, and parks https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-soe-and-human-mobility-retail-and-recreation-grocery-3uvkcj0p.png Table 2. SoE and human mobility: Retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacies, and parks https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1st-2nd-3rd-and-4th-soe-and-human-mobility-public-1z5qm5do.png Table 5. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th SoE and human mobility: Public transport, workplaces, and residential area https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-descriptive-changes-in-mobility-public-transport-2jjgr3bu.png Figure 2. Descriptive changes in mobility: Public transport, workplaces, and residential area https://scispace.com/papers/state-of-the-art-of-automated-buses-3vb2hkj6qj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-an-example-of-marked-street-parking-spaces-3dyzoqbs.png Figure 13. An example of marked street parking spaces. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-worlds-urban-and-rural-populations-1950-2050-2d8574e7.png Figure 1. The world’s urban and rural populations, 1950-2050. Data source: UNDESA 2014 [? ]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-sectors-relative-to-12vce3a1.png Figure 3. Greenhouse gas emissions by sectors relative to 1990 levels, 1990-2014. The contribution of transportation is labelled by the red coloured line. Data Source: EEA [? ]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-between-robot-buses-specifications-3qdw37ot.png Table 3. Comparison between robot buses specifications. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-a-wintery-weather-stopped-the-operation-in-ac20gmtp.png Figure 15. (a) Wintery weather stopped the operation in Helsinki pilot. The lidars of the robot bus see snow banks as obstacles. (b) An example of an area where the EZ10 robot bus localization does not work, as the trees are blocking the satellite connection and there are no fixed structures for the lidars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-schematic-of-typical-electrification-components-in-xdspcw3u.png Figure 8. Schematic of typical electrification components in electric buses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-pilots-which-will-start-in-the-next-future-3tmab3ml.png Table 2. List of pilots which will start in the next future. Data source [? ]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-impact-of-co2-emissions-in-2012-by-sector-in-eu-28-3f52dsae.png Figure 7. Impact of CO2 emissions in 2012 by sector in EU-28. The global CO2 emissions, in percentage, are shown in (a); whereas the specific contribution of the transportation sector is reported in (b). Transport causes 24% of total emissions, 72% of which comes from road transportation. Data Source: EEA [? ]. https://scispace.com/papers/state-of-the-art-of-fuel-cells-for-ship-applications-56ix14hcwi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-various-choices-of-fuel-supply-from-2cgyl296.png TABLE II COMPARISON OF VARIOUS CHOICES OF FUEL SUPPLY FROM [19, 34, 43] https://scispace.com/papers/states-at-high-excitation-inc12from-thec12-he3-he3-21y4gbmvoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-particle-identification-spectrum-showing-1rhfeeza.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Particle identification spectrum showing loci corresponding to 6Li, 4He, 3He, 2H, and 1H. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-two-a-relative-energy-spectrum-constructed-for-the-1j6mfrgi.png FIG. 2. (a) Two α relative energy spectrum constructed for the two detected particles in the 500-μm-strip detectors. The peak close to 92 keV corresponds to the decay of the 8Be ground state. The two vertical lines indicate the limits used to select the events. (b) Total energy spectrum for the four final-state particles, assumed to be 3He + 3α. Again, the vertical lines indicate the events selected for further analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-carbon-12-excited-states-above-14-mev-observed-in-2119vtlp.png TABLE I. Carbon-12 excited states above 14 MeV observed in the present measurements compared with those populated in reactions including 3He inelastic scattering measurements (Table 12.19 in Ref. [9]) and those populated in the 11B + p reaction (Table 12.11 in Ref. [9]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-systematics-of-states-in-12c-organized-3caq08bo.png FIG. 7. (Color online) Systematics of states in 12C organized according to their rotational characteristics. The solid black line (solid squares) corresponds to the ground-state rotational band: 0 MeV, 0+; 4.4 MeV, 2+; and 14.1 MeV, 4+ [9]. The black dashed line is the assumed rotational band associated with the Hoyle state (solid circles are confirmed states [6] and the open circle is the possible 4+ state [7]): 7.65 MeV, 0+; 9.8 MeV, 2+; and 13.3 MeV, 4+. The Kπ states at 9.64 MeV, 3−; 13.3 MeV 4−; and 22.4 MeV, 5− [14] are shown by the triangles—the open triangle is for an unconfirmed assignment). The diamonds and dot-dashed line show the systematics associated with the 10.84-MeV, 1−, state and the 11.83-MeV, 2−, state. The blue horizontal lines indicate the energies of the possible T = 0 states observed in the present data: 19.7, 22.2, and 25.1 MeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-12c-excitation-energy-spectra-with-all-of-the-2feyhjp2.png FIG. 5. The 12C excitation energy spectra with all of the selection criteria, designed to remove background, applied. Panel (a) shows a vertically expanded view of panel (b). The slightly different binning (200 and 250 keV) is used due to the lower statistics in the higher energy region displayed in panel (a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-comparison-between-the-12c-excitation-cem663m8.png FIG. 6. (Color online) Comparison between the 12C excitation energy spectrum for all events and those in coincidence with 8Begs. The black histogram (largest amplitude histogram at Ex = 16 MeV) corresponds to the calculated singles 12C excitation energy spectrum for all 3He nuclei detected. The blue (gray) histogram is after a linear background has been subtracted (background is shown by the straight line). The red-shaded histogram corresponds to events decaying to the 8Be ground state corrected for detection efficiency—see the text for details. The vertical dashed lines indicate the states for which branching ratios have been estimated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-dalitz-plot-showing-the-reconstruction-of-2vasp3mz.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Dalitz plot showing the reconstruction of the excitation energy of 7Be plotted against that of 12C. The excitation energy of 7Be was reconstructed from the properties of the 8Be nucleus, and the excitation energy of 12C was reconstructed from the detected 3He. Events associated with the decay of states in 11C into 8Be + 3He should lie on diagonal loci (negative gradient). There is some evidence of such a contribution passing through the coordinates [Ex(7Be), Ex(12C)] = [30 MeV, 18 MeV]. The dashed-line box indicates the region selected shown in Figs. 3 and 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-carbon-12-excitation-energy-spectrum-36696nmr.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Carbon-12 excitation energy spectrum for the 12C(3He,3He)3α reaction (black line) for events where two of the α particles came from the decay of the 8Be ground state and fell within the gate applied to the Etot spectrum (Fig. 2). The events associated with the subset within the window shown in Fig. 4 are shown by the blue (gray) histogram. (b) The same as in panel (a) but with the condition that two of the α particles arise from the decay of 8Begs removed. https://scispace.com/papers/state-resolved-collisional-energy-transfer-in-highly-excited-4oz8kxnrcb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-difference-between-parallel-and-perpendicular-probe-24b42y4f.png FIG. 9. Difference between parallel and perpendicular probe. Initial state is 90~1! at 17 750.07 cm21 ~see Table I for the coding of states!. Probed states ~from top to bottom! 70~1!, 50~1!, and 30~1!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-different-kinetic-traces-and-fits-from-the-kinetic-1hb7i0bt.png FIG. 8. Different kinetic traces and fits from the kinetic model. The initial state in traces~a!–~e! is 90~1! at 17 750.07 cm21 ~see Table I for the coding of states!. The probed states are: ~a! 70~1!, ~b! 81~1!, ~c! 50~1!, ~d! 111~1!, ~e! 30~1!, and ~f! pumped 130~1! at 17 737.92 cm21 and probed 61~1!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-state-to-state-rate-constants-form-changing-inelastic-31mge70m.png FIG. 12. State-to-state rate constants form changing inelastic collisions as a function ofDmJ . In this particular case the initial state is 90~1! and the final state is 70~1!. Open circles: experiment; solid line: a fit of an exponential decay to the rate constants for the inelasticmJ changing collisions as a function of uDmu gave the same exponential factor as the scaling law for the purely elastic rates~within the experimental accuracy!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-state-to-state-rate-constants-formj-changing-elastic-1vmnpgpr.png FIG. 13. State-to-state rate constants formJ changing elastic collisions as a function of DmJ that leave all other quantum numbers unchanged. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-relative-pump-and-probe-cross-sections-for-differentmj-37plkif0.png FIG. 6. Relative pump and probe cross sections for differentmJ levels for linearly polarized lasers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-for-the-spectroscopic-and-kinetic-1b5nhscd.png FIG. 2. Experimental setup for the spectroscopic and kinetic double resonance experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-mj-averaged-state-to-state-rate-constants-3rf0gvjv.png FIG. 11. mJ averaged state-to-state rate constants~propensities! for J andK changing (DK61) collisions as a function ofDJ. Filled dots: experiment; dashed line:mJ averaged Eq.~10!. Small deviations from the scaling law are due to small final adjustments of the cross sections to improve the fit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-mj-averaged-state-to-state-rate-constants-331n336j.png FIG. 10. mJ averaged state-to-state rate constants~propensities! for J changing collisions~leaving K unchanged! as a function ofDJ. Filled dots: experiment; bold line:mJ averaged Eq.~10!. Small deviations from the scaling law are due to final adjustments of the cross sections to improve the fit. https://scispace.com/papers/static-scheduling-for-barrier-mimd-architectures-34vkt5nyho 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-figure-10-amw5qsnx.png Figure 9 Figure 10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-dag-height-examples-ifauxm52.png Figure 12: DAG Height Examples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-vliw-vs-barrier-architecture-60-instrs-and-10-vars-31xxxioz.png Figure 18: VLIW vs Barrier Architecture (60 Instrs. and 10 Vars.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-sync-frac-for-8-processors-pes-and-15-variables-8dsrukhv.png Figure 15: Sync. Frac. for 8 Processors (PEs) and 15 Variables (Vars.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-sync-fractions-for-8-pes-and-60-instmctions-instrs-37ivku4v.png Figure 16: Sync Fractions for 8 PEs and 60 Instmctions (Instrs.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-figure-8-3hnos9ec.png Figure 7 Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-sync-fractions-for-100-instrs-and-10-vars-in931esb.png Figure 17: Sync Fractions for 100 Instrs. and 10 Vars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-1w2w11m9.png Figure 11 https://scispace.com/papers/statins-and-primary-prevention-of-venous-thromboembolism-a-49bcaqqcp8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-association-of-statin-use-and-venous-1odfbtyv.png Figure 3: Association of statin use and venous thromboembolism in observational cohort studies, grouped according to several study characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-effect-of-statin-therapy-on-venous-thromboembolism-ti8nwjyl.png Figure 4: Effect of statin therapy on venous thromboembolism in randomised controlled trials https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-1peqt8tk.png Figure 1: PRISMA flow diagram https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-characteristics-of-studies-included-in-pimlik28.png Table 1: Summary characteristics of studies included in review https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-statin-therapy-on-venous-thromboembolism-33qr146j.png Figure 5: Effect of statin therapy on venous thromboembolism in randomised controlled trials, grouped according to several study characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-association-of-statin-use-with-risk-of-venous-2anffzk1.png Figure 2: Association of statin use with risk of venous thromboembolism in observational cohort studies https://scispace.com/papers/statins-are-associated-with-improved-28-day-mortality-in-1kavgzrycv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-of-statin-treatment-groups-2ldetsy5.png Figure 1. Definition of statin treatment groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-marginal-structural-model-outputs-for-primary-and-1od1bev6.png Figure 2: Marginal Structural Model Outputs for Primary and Secondary Outcomes. Estimates were obtained from fitting marginal structural Cox models adjusted for the following baseline covariates: sex, age>65 years, race, active smoker, BMI≥30, comorbidities on admission (coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic liver disease, active cancer, pulmonary disease), ACE inhibitor use, number of days since March 1st, 2020, and prior statin usage. The following time-varying covariates were adjusted for as well: ALC, WBC, AST, CRP, CK, ALT, and ICU admission status. Models were fit accounting for immortal time bias, time-varying confounding, and discharge as a competing risk. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-unadjusted-peak-laboratory-values-by-statin-group-2j531rms.png Table 3: Unadjusted Peak Laboratory Values by Statin Group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-at-hospitalization-for-covid-102hegt2.png Table 1: Patient Characteristics at Hospitalization for COVID-19. Stratified by (A) continued statin during hospitalization (Continued), (B) discontinued statin during hospitalization (Discontinued), (C) newly initiated statin during hospitalization (Newly Initiated), and (D) no statin prior to admission nor during hospitalization (Never). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unadjusted-patient-outcomes-at-28-days-1zgc5r0m.png Table 2: Unadjusted Patient Outcomes at 28 Days https://scispace.com/papers/stationary-and-traveling-vortical-structures-on-swept-1fpv7h9yla 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-measurements-of-spanwise-wavelength-on-circular-2bl980ex.png Figure 4. Measurements of Spanwise Wavelength on Circular Cylinders https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measurements-of-spanwise-wavelength-on-blading-2qrc2bco.png Figure 5. Measurements of Spanwise Wavelength on Blading https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-suction-surface-flow-visualization-of-turbine-1vx3hvdw.png Figure 1. Suction Surface Flow Visualization of Turbine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variation-of-streaks-from-leading-edge-to-laminar-2xin9101.png Figure 6. Variation of Streaks from Leading Edge to Laminar Separation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-suction-surface-flow-visualization-between-80-and-g6yonod7.png Figure 2. Suction Surface Flow Visualization between 80% and 95% https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-lateral-spacing-between-streaks-normalized-by-eq-1-1dwaxq7s.png Figure 7. Lateral Spacing between Streaks Normalized by Eq. (1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-surface-flow-visualization-downstream-of-separation-2misthih.png Figure 3. Surface Flow Visualization downstream of Separation Bubble https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-reynolds-number-effects-on-streak-spacing-of-poll-1figihkk.png Figure 8. Reynolds Number Effects on Streak Spacing of Poll Data and Present Data. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-analysis-of-hubble-wfc3-transit-spectroscopy-of-4755agw95s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-absorption-in-scale-heights-ah-based-on-spectra-from-vyrqylw9.png Table 1 Absorption in Scale Heights (AH), Based on Spectra from Tsiaras et al. (2017) Unless Otherwise Noted https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-panel-the-distribution-of-absorption-in-scale-ulxadu33.png Figure 4. Top panel: the distribution of absorption in scale heights (1.3–1.65 μm) is more likely to be log-normal than normal. This is caused by the target selection bias as there are more cooler planets than hotter ones in the sample (shown in the bottom panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-planet-surface-gravity-mass-and-radius-vs-pfb0xqps.png Figure 3. Planet surface gravity, mass, and radius vs. absorption in scale heights (1.3–1.65 μm). We do not detect any significant statistical correlation; the suggestion of a correlation with mass is due to an intrinsic degeneracy in the sample, combined with the temperature correlation shown in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-our-mcmc-fitting-of-an-exo-transmit-2rp5kchn.png Figure 1. Example of our MCMC fitting of an Exo-transmit template spectrum to the data for WASP-67b. This planet has the median cn2 in the sample, with c =n 1.052 . The a coefficient is the amplitude scale factor for fitting the Exotransmit template spectrum, and b is the wavelength coefficient of a baseline slope. The s1 contours are shaded in blue for the posterior distribution samples (bottom left) and for the fit to the data (top right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-panel-the-1-3-1-6-mm-absorption-in-scale-2srt5e7l.png Figure 2. Top panel: the 1.3–1.6 μm absorption in scale heights vs. planet equilibrium temperature. We infer a positive baseline slope correlation (p-value=0.01) with upward scattering on the left side. After applying the binning method discussed in Section 3, we obtain a statistically significant (rs=0.85) baseline correlation as shown in the bottom panel. Mass uncertainty is proportional to the size of the square. The eight planets shaded in blue circles in the top panel are the ones investigated in Sing et al. (2016). https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-and-sequential-fill-and-draw-approach-to-enhance-28o8x641gy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2824ty8v.png Table 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tlc-chromatograms-a-jeneil-jbr-215-rhamnolipid-p5ppowq9.png Fig. 3. TLC chromatograms: (a) Jeneil JBR-215 (rhamnolipid standard); (b) Rhamnolipid from Achromobacter sp. produced in chemically defined medium (PS1); (c) Rhamnolipid from Achromobacter sp. produced in lignocellulosic rice-straw hydrolysate https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1ywsp3dw.png Table 5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2tuo8xeh.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-srxflf5u.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-comparisons-of-watershed-scale-response-to-4sgkvte8oa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gcm-emission-scenarios-used-by-hay-et-al-hay-et-al-28u9f559.png Table 2. GCM emission scenarios used by Hay et al. (Hay et al. 2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percent-change-in-regression-computed-95-streamflow-20ng9lm9.png Figure 2. Percent change in regression-computed 95% streamflow exceedance between 2001–12 and 2088–99. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-median-of-annual-maximum-daily-streamflow-of-the-wwq8k6u4.png Figure 6. Median of annual maximum daily streamflow of the eighty-eight 12-yr SRES A2 scenario simulations normalized by drainage area. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percent-change-in-regression-computed-medians-of-7-isdgqriz.png Figure 7. Percent change in regression-computed medians of 7-day mean annual minimum streamflow between 2001–12 and 2088–99. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-three-dimensional-probability-density-curves-for-2dh2mizv.png Figure 13. Three-dimensional probability density curves for each basin of mean annual simulated streamflow from five models and three emission scenarios for 2001–12, 2013–24, 2025–36, 2037–48, 2049–60, 2061–72, 2073– 84, and 2085–96. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-showing-the-location-of-the-study-basins-3vsjw5v1.png Figure 1. Map showing the location of the study basins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-continued-3lk97pku.png Figure 13. Three-dimensional probability density curves for each basin of mean annual simulated streamflow from five models and three emission scenarios for 2001–12, 2013–24, 2025–36, 2037–48, 2049–60, 2061–72, 2073– 84, and 2085–96. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-medians-of-the-julian-dates-of-the-annual-maximum-3a7z3e4j.png Figure 9. Medians of the Julian dates of the annual maximum daily streamflow for the eighty-eight 12-yr SRES A2 scenario simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-design-and-analysis-of-pcr-tests-for-fast-546niluaht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-density-plot-of-the-s-residuals-from-the-entire-1lmgba3s.png Fig. 3. Density plot of the S-residuals from the entire training data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-regression-from-the-training-data-set-hgva0btp.png Fig. 2. Regression from the training data set. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scatterplot-of-log-s-vs-log-n-with-the-scatterplot-of-3s7i4zky.png Fig. 4. Scatterplot of log(S) vs log(N) with the scatterplot of log(S) vs log(ORF1ab). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-density-plot-of-n-residuals-from-validation-and-3kggooyb.png Fig. 5. Density plot of N-residuals from validation and training data sets https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-distributions-of-the-s-genes-ct-in-the-training-data-2oca08z7.png Fig. 1. Distributions of the S gene’s Ct in the training data set. https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-modelling-of-downside-risk-spillovers-1gslhqj9pd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sub-period-networks-red-nodes-denote-markets-in-the-1boqsjjj.png Figure 4: Sub-period networks. Red nodes denote markets in the Americas, blue for European countries, and green for Asian countries. The size of the nodes are based on a weighted out-degree. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-detailed-description-of-stock-market-indices-of-y5hiwjaa.png Table 1: Detailed description of stock market indices of countries classified according to regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-of-net-densityt-h-with-vixt-2785c1gi.png Figure 3: Correlation of ∆Net-Densityt+h with ∆VIXt. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-network-density-and-vix-index-1z10ch8h.png Figure 2: Network Density and VIX Index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-daily-closed-prices-of-major-stock-market-indices-3qougxfl.png Figure 1: Daily closed prices of major stock market indices (January 3, 2000 – June 30, 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-statistics-of-daily-returns-for-stock-market-indices-1lerxvqw.png Table 2: Statistics of daily returns for stock market indices (January 4, 2000 – June 30, 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-centrality-ranking-of-markets-according-to-hub-and-1bw94xrx.png Table 4: Centrality ranking of markets according to hub and authority scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-statistics-of-daily-cv-ar-for-stock-market-indices-4irkm8ax.png Table 3: Statistics of daily ∆CV aR for stock market indices (February 3, 2000 – June 30, 2020). https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-emulation-of-climate-model-projections-based-on-2vhrv945f8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-uncertainty-quantification-a-c-e-for-2qc5h20l.png FIG. 3. Examples of uncertainty quantification (a),(c),(e) for temperature in the North Pacific west (NPW) region and (b),(d),(f) for precipitation emulation for the equatorial Pacific west (EPW) region. All panels show the emulated slow scenario. The emulator was trained by one realization each of the fast and jump scenarios. In (a),(b), an example of emulated realizations is shown. The gray lines represent the five CCSM3 realizations and the red lines represent the five emulated realizations (with an offset of 18C for temperature and 1000mmyr21 for precipitation). The actual runs and those simulated via the emulator appear to be qualitatively similar. In (c),(d), the five superimposed CCSM3 realizations are shown in gray, and the dashed red lines denote the 95% prediction bands from the emulator. Empirical coverage is 0.9531 for (c) and 0.9545 for (d), very close to the nominal 95% level. In (e),(f), the mean across the five CCSM3 realizations of the slow scenario is shown in gray, and the dashed red lines represent the pointwise 95% confidence bands based on the emulator. The bands are very narrow, especially for temperature, highlighting the ability of the emulator to capture the mean trend with very high precision. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-as-in-fig-6-but-for-precipitation-because-31xctnuo.png FIG. 7. As in Fig. 6, but for precipitation. Because precipitation anomalies differ widely between regions, y-axis scales are shown in percent separately for each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-construction-of-regional-pattern-scaling-for-3rqc4jsc.png FIG. 6. Construction of regional pattern scaling for temperature: linear regressions of regional temperature anomalies on GMT. Data used are 60 yr from 2010 to 2070 (we picture a subset of the data in this figure for visualization purposes) for all 47 regions in the standard training set consisting of the fast and jump scenarios. The two scenarios are shown in different colors. Regions are arranged to approximate their geographic distribution (north at top) to give an idea of spatial patterns. Panels share a consistent y-axis scale, so that differences in warming rate and variability may be seen by eye. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-emulating-temperature-at-grid-resolution-and-1okezvbp.png FIG. 10. Emulating temperature at grid resolution and comparison with pattern scaling. (left) The log ratio (3100) of the fit index I1 for statistical emulation of the drop scenario over pattern scaling. This is the grid-scaled case of the bottom panel in Fig. 8. Negative values (blue) indicate that statistical emulation outperforms pattern scaling. (right) The average log ratio for different latitude bands. Statistical emulation generally outperforms pattern scaling outside the polar regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-co2-scenarios-used-for-building-the-collection-of-hvlje1x4.png FIG. 1. The CO2 scenarios used for building the collection of runs. We refer to these throughout the paper as the 1) slow, 2) moderate, 3) fast, 4) jump, and 5) drop scenarios. All scenarios start at year 1870. Some scenarios extend beyond the range shown here: slow, moderate, and fast end at year 2449, whereas jump ends at 2199 and drop ends at 2399. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-as-in-fig-8-but-for-precipitation-the-high-variability-350xbtbj.png FIG. 9. As in Fig. 8, but for precipitation. The high variability in precipitation leads to smaller I2 values and reduces the distinction between emulation methods. For the slow scenario, the median log ratio of I1 across all regions (3100) is 20.40 (with 10% and 90% quantiles of 21.74 and 0.23, respectively); for the drop scenario it is 20.93 (with 10% and 90% quantiles of 25.70 and 5.91, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-emulation-indices-for-all-regions-for-the-regional-xh3f7gey.png FIG. 4. Emulation indices for all regions for the regional temperature emulation described in the text and shown in Fig. 2. The value in large font is the ‘‘emulation optimality’’ index I1 (3100) and in small font below is the trend index I2. Low I2 means there is little trend relative to noise and the I1 index is not informative, even if close to 100 (optimal emulation). Shown are the (top) slow and (bottom) drop scenarios. Emulation is worse for the physically extreme drop scenario, as expected, but is generally close to the optimal value of 1 in most inhabited regions. All indices have been computed between the year 2010 and the farthest time point (2449 for slow and 2399 for drop). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-comparison-between-statistical-emulation-and-pattern-31wiyyjt.png FIG. 8. Comparison between statistical emulation and pattern scaling for regional temperature. Training set, predicted scenarios, and time range for calculating indices are as in Fig. 4. The top number shown in each region is the log ratio of the temperature fit indices I1 for the statistical model (numerator) and pattern scaling (denominator), multiplied by 100 for clarity. Negative numbers mean that statistical emulation outperforms pattern scaling. The small type gives the trend index I2, which does not depend on the emulator. (top) For the slow scenario, the median log ratio across all the regions times 100 is 21.35 (with 10% and 90% quantiles of 22.94 and 0.93, respectively), indicating a modest advantage from statistical emulation. (bottom) Statistical emulation provides stronger benefits for the drop scenario: themedian log ratio is27.42 (with 10% and 90% quantiles of 230.08 and 10.68, respectively). https://scispace.com/papers/statistical-significance-of-cluster-membership-5aljme20tp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-jackstraw-data-y-consisted-of-s-3e4a7glj.png Figure 2: Illustration of the jackstraw data Y∗ consisted of s synthetic null samples and m − s observed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evaluation-of-the-jackstraw-tests-using-pbmc-1z7znah5.png Figure 4: Evaluation of the jackstraw tests using PBMC simulation. A total of 2638 PBMC samples are https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-t-sne-projection-of-pbmcs-with-proposed-feature-1rli5unr.png Figure 6: t-SNE projection of PBMCs with proposed feature selections. The top 50 PCs were computed https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-scrna-seq-analysis-steps-2z7ppszz.png Figure 1: Illustration of scRNA-seq analysis steps. Unsupervised clustering is often used to computationally https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-jackstraw-clustering-analysis-of-scrna-seq-data-27dlre61.png Figure 5: The jackstraw clustering analysis of scRNA-seq data of Jurkat and 293T cells (Zheng et al., https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-evaluation-of-the-jackstraw-tests-for-clustering-23t2l5az.png Figure 3: Evaluation of the jackstraw tests for clustering using the main simulation study with σ = 10. Oracle Group A contains 500 samples that are derived from a latent variable l i.i.d∼ Normal(0,1), whereas 500 https://scispace.com/papers/statistics-and-data-analysis-46qxa47nfi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-output-from-asymptotic-analysis-7o0i8ofc.png Figure 1. Output from Asymptotic Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-convergence-status-38rsg2zr.png Figure 4. Convergence Status https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-proc-phreg-results-jlwi4lo3.png Figure 8. PROC PHREG Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-exact-results-32llun38.png Figure 7. Exact Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-output-from-exact-analysis-3u2q5g25.png Figure 2. Output from EXACT Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stages-of-the-multivariate-shift-algorithm-1ayc7enr.png Figure 3. Stages of the Multivariate Shift Algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-output-from-exact-analysis-3jwx0bpg.png Figure 5. Output from EXACT Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-outdist-data-set-3h2ts871.png Figure 6. OUTDIST= Data Set https://scispace.com/papers/status-and-future-opportunities-for-conversion-of-synthesis-59kfrtnd5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-2xst4fzc.png Figure 6. Once-through conversion of CO and C02• 9.6 MPa; CO = 30%; C02 = 2% (Reprinted with permission from Hansen and Joensen 1 991 , Elsevier Science Publishers) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-49-natural-gas-conversion-to-liquids-srivastava-et-al-2tpprgrg.png Figure 49. Natural gas conversion to liquids (Srivastava et al. 1 992) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-38-reaction-mechanism-involved-in-chain-growth-scheme-lqa7a68i.png Figure 38. Reaction mechanism involved in chain growth scheme (Reprinted from Forzatti et al. 1 991 by courtesy of Marcel Dekker, Inc.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-coal-conversion-economics-mills-and-knudsen-1-979-1eeui4ci.png Table 21 Coal conversion economics (Mills and Knudsen, 1 979) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2jfjpfye.png Table 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-methanol-shift-equilibria-and-dew-points-reprinted-lsjnmtbl.png Figure 5. Methanol + shift equilibria and dew points (Reprinted with permission from Hansen and Joensen 1 991 , Elsevier Science Publishers) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-once-through-conversion-of-co-and-c02-9-6-mpa-co-30-efpbo09u.png Figure 6. Once-through conversion of CO and C02• 9.6 MPa; CO = 30%; C02 = 2% (Reprinted with permission from Hansen and Joensen 1 991 , Elsevier Science Publishers) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-42-new-mechanism-for-acid-cracking-of-paraffins-1lh0bm53.png Figure 42. New mechanism for acid cracking of paraffins (Ansorge and Hoek 1 992) https://scispace.com/papers/status-of-the-cms-pixel-detector-4lhvnsy2mu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-rapidity-coverage-of-the-cms-pixel-detector-bn2osewa.png Figure 1. Rapidity coverage of the CMS pixel detector https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pixel-noise-in-electrons-see-text-for-the-2f628lrs.png Table 1. Pixel noise in electrons, see text for the explanation of the labels. https://scispace.com/papers/steady-state-performance-evaluation-and-energy-assessment-of-4wq5u34hyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physical-and-transport-properties-of-dehumidifier-1w0oyf46.png Table 1 Physical and transport properties of dehumidifier and regenerator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-test-rig-of-the-complete-liquid-desiccant-13qqsmjo.png Fig. 4. Test rig of the complete liquid desiccant dehumidification system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-system-sensible-effectiveness-variations-against-2cl8skk0.png Fig. 17. System sensible effectiveness variations against 𝑚∗ under various 𝑁𝑇𝑈 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-moisture-flux-rate-variations-against-under-various-32x99sv9.png Fig. 19. Moisture flux rate variations against 𝑚∗ under various 𝑁𝑇𝑈 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-system-latent-effectiveness-variations-against-under-2xgspq0h.png Fig. 18. System latent effectiveness variations against 𝑚∗ under various 𝑁𝑇𝑈 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-variations-against-under-various-2bsxyhzt.png Fig. 11. 𝐶𝑂𝑃 variations against 𝑁𝑇𝑈𝑑𝑒 under various ?̇?𝑠𝑜𝑙 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-variations-against-186sq9is.png Fig. 24. 𝐶𝑂𝑃 variations against 𝐶𝑠𝑜𝑙,𝑖𝑛 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-total-cooling-capacity-variation-against-wd9aulkr.png Fig. 23. Total cooling capacity 𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 variation against 𝐶𝑠𝑜𝑙,𝑖𝑛 https://scispace.com/papers/steady-state-distributions-of-o2-and-oh-in-the-high-3zp3s521p4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-calculated-cross-sections-for-the-reaction-ho2-v-o2-1ma40yzj.png Figure 5. Calculated cross sections for the reaction HO2(V) + O2(V′′)27) f HO2 + 2O. Indicated by the dots (with corresponding 68% error bars) are the actual calculations, while the line indicates the fit to eq 27. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-comparison-of-the-initial-and-final-vibrational-8u6m5jow.png Figure 1. A comparison of the initial and final vibrational distributions for the vibrationally excited oxygen in the simulation study of the O2(V′) + O2(V′′)0) inelastic collisional process carried out in the present work. The results refer to a total of 25000 trajectories, being the initial and final vibrational distributions shown by the dashed and solid lines, respectively. The translational energy is thermalized atT ) 255 K. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-the-calculations-for-the-reactiona-ho2-w-16qe4gof.png TABLE 3: Summary of the Calculations for the Reactiona HO2(W) + O2(W′′)27) f HO2 + 2O https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ratios-of-additional-ozone-productiona-obtained-from-1hnxnb3f.png TABLE 4: Ratios of Additional Ozone Productiona Obtained from Mechanismsy ) (0,1) andy ) (1,2)' https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-some-energy-transfer-processes-involved-z1hvi2r9.png TABLE 1: A Summary of Some Energy Transfer Processes Involved in the O2(W′,j′) + O2(W′′)0,j′′) Inelastic Collisional Simulation Study at T ) 225 K Carried out in the Present Worka https://scispace.com/papers/steep-increases-in-fentanyl-related-mortality-west-of-the-4gwpyt5cs5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-proportion-of-drug-involved-deaths-also-fentanyl-22j253m7.png Figure 3. Proportion of drug-involved deaths also fentanyl positive https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-annual-rate-of-fentanyl-related-deaths-per-100000-1ofckt2w.png Figure 2. Annual rate of fentanyl-related deaths per 100,000 population https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drug-combinations-in-fatal-overdoses-in-three-9n4u3nqm.png Figure 4. Drug combinations in fatal overdoses in three jurisdictions west of the Mississippi River with substantial fentanyl penetration in 2020, n=631 https://scispace.com/papers/stellarator-and-tokamak-plasmas-a-comparison-32pq3cv1cl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-poincare-sections-of-two-equilibria-in-w7-x-with-z8jvhg85.png Figure 2: Poincaré sections of two equilibria in W7-X with different normalised pressures. The pressure profiles are in both cases of the form p = p0(1 − s)(1 − s4), with s the normalised toroidal flux coordinate. The Shafranov shift and a stochastisation of the edge region are clearly seen in the 〈β〉 = 5% equilbrium. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-island-divertor-of-w7-as-jbh3agf8.png Figure 9: The island divertor of W7-AS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-growth-rate-of-the-fastest-growing-mode-vs-b-in-29f5ky52.png Figure 5: Growth rate of the fastest-growing mode vs 〈β〉 in Wendelstein 7-X, calculated by the global, electromagnetic, gyrokinetic code EUTERPE. Unlike the typical situation in a tokamak, there is no sign of rapidly growing kinetic ballooning modes at high 〈β〉. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-neoclassical-confinement-quality-parameter-oeff-vs-34ehlt0z.png Figure 3: Neoclassical confinement quality parameter ǫeff vs minor radius in various stellarators: TJ-II, LHD (R0 = 3.60 m configuration), W7-X (standard configuration), NCSX and HSX. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flux-surface-geometry-in-the-vicinity-of-the-1sjf0r1u.png Figure 1: Flux-surface geometry in the vicinity of the magnetic axis of LHD. The rotational transform is generated by the poloidal rotation of the flux-surface cross section as one moves around the torus. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-root-mean-squared-electrostatic-potential-on-a-w7-x-2ge5r5ui.png Figure 6: Root-mean-squared electrostatic potential on a W7-X flux surface in GENE simulations of ITGs with adiabatic electrons in W7-X. The turbulence peaks on the outboard side, where the magnetic-field curvature is unfavourable, and the fluctuations extend for about one period along the magnetic field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-same-quantity-as-in-fig-6-as-function-of-the-1dv3yjtu.png Figure 7: The same quantity as in Fig. 6 as function of the toroidal and poloidal Boozer angles. Also plotted (in black) are level curves of |∇α|2, from which appears that the turbulence does not penetrate into regions where this quantity is large. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-so-called-mono-energetic-diffusion-coefficient-3c6wkpsp.png Figure 4: The so-called “mono-energetic” diffusion coefficient (see Ref. [29] for details) vs collisionality, ν∗ = νR/ιv, where ν is the mono-energetic pitch-angle-scattering frequency, R the major radius and v the speed of the particles, in the standard configuration of W7-X (bold) and a tokamak (dashed) with similar aspect ratio (r/R = 0.255/5.527) and an elongation of 1.5. The asymptotic regimes are indicated by dotted straight lines. In the order of increasing collisionality: the √ ν-regime, the 1/ν-regime, the plateau regime and the Pfirsch-Schlüter regime. At very low collisionality (below the range shown) the transport again becomes proportional to ν. The diffusivity has been normalised to the plateau value in a circular tokamak, and the radial electric field has been chosen as Er/vB = 3 · 10−5, where B is the magnetic field strength. https://scispace.com/papers/step-step-interaction-on-vicinal-si-001-surfaces-studied-by-3bd67voh9d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-stm-image-50-50-nm2-of-the-clean-2deg-off-bl4i7eqo.png FIG. 1. Color online STM image 50 50 nm2 of the clean 2°-off Si 001 surface. The 110 direction perpendicular to step edges is evidenced by the arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-stm-image-325-325-nm2-of-the-clean-si-6jwr6axu.png FIG. 2. Color online a STM image 325 325 nm2 of the clean Si 111 surface. The direction 1̄1̄2 perpendicular to step edges is evidenced by the arrow. b Spatial correlation function G y as a function of the coordinate running parallel to step ledges, averaged over 50 steps and a total step length of about 700 nm. The straight dashed line is a fit to the data giving the initial slope of G y . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-a-strength-coefficient-a-for-vicinal-si-6p6wxjoi.png FIG. 6. Color online a Strength coefficient A for vicinal Si 001 surfaces calculated for a mixed phase of single- and doubleheight steps using the elastic continuum model and the atomistic calculations of Poon et al. The squares are the experimental data obtained using a freeze-in temperature T=767 K, in the two limit regimes, i.e., i energetic interactions using the measured stiffness and the normalized variance 2 of the P̌ s distribution up to https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-measured-squares-average-terrace-widths-3akmtdyu.png FIG. 4. Color online Measured squares average terrace widths of mixed SA+SB and DB steps as a function of miscut angle for Si 001 . The continuos lines are obtained from Eq. 5 . The lower curve refers to the SA+SB phase only. Full dots are data points taken from Ref. 14. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-step-stiffness-measured-at-different-2f37je3r.png FIG. 5. Color online Step stiffness measured at different miscut angles and calculated hyperbolic-sine squared-fitting function of the TSK model. The highlighted point is the extrapolated value of the step stiffness at 8°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-stm-image-50-50-nm2-of-the-clean-4deg-9umtgz1z.png FIG. 3. Color online a STM image 50 50 nm2 of the clean 4°-off Si 001 surface. The direction 110 perpendicular to step edges is evidenced by the arrow. b Spatial correlation function G y as a function of the coordinate running parallel to step edges, averaged over 20 steps and a total step length of about 100 nm. The straight dashed line is a fit to the data giving the initial slope of G y . https://scispace.com/papers/step-width-and-frequency-to-modulate-active-foot-placement-29qufibrtn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mean-regression-coefficients-of-the-muscle-model-2-3ow0x3jc.png Fig 6. Mean regression coefficients of the muscle model (2). Standard deviations are represented by error bars. Panels A and B represent the results for respectively normal and slow walking speed. Moderate to extreme evidence (BF10_al > 3 & BF10 _gm> 100) supports the inclusion of the predictors at normal walking speed. Extreme evidence (BF10 > 100) supports the inclusion of the predictors at slow walking speed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relative-explained-variance-r2-of-the-foot-placement-2eg8fhqg.png Fig 9. Relative explained variance (R2) of the foot placement model (1) in the steady-state walking and foot placement constrained condition. Shaded areas depict the standard deviation. Panels A and B represent the results for respectively normal and slow walking speed. A step was defined from toe-off until subsequent heel strike. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-median-adductor-longus-activity-across-legs-and-111g3r6p.png Fig 5. Median adductor longus activity across legs and participants. Panels A and B represent the results for respectively normal and slow walking speed. For each participant strides were divided over medial and lateral steps, of which the median was taken respectively. When comparing medial to lateral steps during early swing (60–80% of the gait cycle), higher EMG activity appears to be associated with more medial steps. This is more prominent at slow walking speed. The depicted EMG traces are normalized to average stride peak activity for each speed, respectively. The figure serves as a dichotomous illustration of the relationship established through regression and does not show values that were statistically tested. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mean-relative-explained-variance-r2-of-the-muscle-f2n48851.png Fig 8. Mean relative explained variance (R2) of the muscle model (2) in the steady-state walking and the ankle moment constrained condition. Standard deviations are represented by error bars. It remains inconclusive whether there is compensatory muscle activity in the ankle moment constrained condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-regression-coefficients-of-the-foot-placement-ij60m9cc.png Fig 3. Mean regression coefficients of the foot placement model (1). Standard deviations are represented by error bars. Panels A and B represent the results for respectively normal and slow walking speed. The beta coefficients were tested at mid-swing and terminal swing, demonstrating extreme evidence (BF10 > 100) for inclusion of the predictors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conditions-performed-at-normal-and-slow-walking-speeds-ivqhxn0v.png Fig 1. Conditions performed at normal and slow walking speeds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relative-explained-variance-r2-of-the-foot-placement-3majdwva.png Fig 7. Relative explained variance (R2) of the foot placement model (1) during walking in the steady-state walking and ankle moment constrained condition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-median-gluteus-medius-activity-across-legs-and-1l4szyq5.png Fig 4. Median gluteus medius activity across legs and participants. Panels A and B show the results for respectively normal and slow walking speed. For each participant strides were divided over medial and lateral steps, of which the median was taken respectively. For the median lateral step, there was a higher burst in gluteus medius activity during early swing (60–80%) of the gait cycle. The depicted EMG traces are normalized to average stride peak activity for each speed respectively. The figure serves as a dichotomous illustration of the relationship established through regression and does not show values that were statistically tested. https://scispace.com/papers/stellar-atmospheric-parameters-of-fgk-type-stars-from-high-1cdn1ozjcu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-uncertainties-in-teff-dteff-versus-teff-for-our-2aduewa9.png Figure 8. Uncertainties in Teff, δTeff, versus Teff for our sample, as computed with STEPAR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-from-top-to-bottom-line-iron-abundance-retrieved-312qbquj.png Figure 15. From top to bottom: line iron abundance retrieved by STEPAR for the final solution of the four reference stars: 18 Sco, μ Cas, Vir, and Arcturus. log (Fe I) stands for the Fe abundance returned by the Fe lines, while log (EW/λ) is their reduced EWs. The open black dots represent Fe I lines, whereas the pink dots are Fe II lines. The dashed black lines represent the least-squares fit to the data points. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-division-of-the-parameter-space-in-the-sample-211u4oj8.png Figure 1. Division of the parameter space in the sample according to the stellar atmospheric parameters found in the literature. The vertical and horizontal dashed black lines represent the boundaries at [Fe/H]= −0.3 dex and log g =4.0 dex, respectively, for metal-rich dwarfs (MRDs, orange squares), metal-poor dwarfs (MPDs, blue squares), metal-rich giants (MRGs, orange triangles), and metal-poor giants (MPGs, blue triangles). The stars taken as a reference for each of these regions are shown in black. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-caracal-s-n-of-the-carmenes-spectra-of-the-3rhj1uuv.png Figure 3. CARACAL S/N of the CARMENES spectra of the reference stars (18 Sco, μ Cas, Vir, and Arcturus) as a function of the spectral order m. The blue circles are the orders in the VIS channel, while the orange and red circles are the two HgCdTe array detectors of the NIR channel. The dashed black lines mark the global S/N estimation given by iSpec. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-surface-gravities-log-g-derived-for-the-sample-2m9b1g5l.png Figure 12. Surface gravities, log g, derived for the sample with STEPAR versus those obtained with the code PARAM, adopting the distances from Gaia DR2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-fe-i-and-fe-ii-lines-reported-in-this-work-k3xackbc.png Table 1. Number of Fe I and Fe II lines reported in this work, Sousa et al. (2008, Sou08), Andreasen et al. (2016, And16), and Tabernero et al. (2019, Tab19), from 5300 to 17100 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-between-the-radial-velocities-ur-of-the-w16wqtya.png Figure 5. Comparison between the radial velocities υr of the sample obtained with iSpec and the literature values. Symbols are the same as in Fig. 1. The dotted blue and red lines are the average difference and the corresponding 1σ dispersion, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/stereo-piv-measurements-in-turbulent-rotating-convection-gmuapz4wxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-velocity-snapshot-at-ta-2-2-x-1010-b-root-mean-13s9uxwp.png Fig. 3. (a) Velocity snapshot at Ta = 2.2 × 1010. (b) Root-mean square velocity (urms, wrms) and vorticity (ωrms) as a function of Ta. The line segments on the vertical axis indicate the rms values at Ta = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-example-velocity-snapshot-arrows-represent-the-1r2jwt9x.png Fig. 2. (a) Example velocity snapshot. Arrows represent the horizontal component, while the greyscale is for the vertical component. The centroids and the orientation line are also included. (b) Autocorrelation R(τ ) of the LSC orientation φ. Inset: time history of φ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketches-of-the-experimental-set-up-and-the-2iirdo0f.png Fig. 1. Sketches of the experimental set-up and the positioning of the cameras. A square box filled with water surrounds the cylinder to ease optical access. The water circulation chamber on top (with temperature sensor) is used to cool the cylinder from above, while still being transparent. https://scispace.com/papers/steric-and-electronic-effects-of-electrochemically-generated-1we3hfqs65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimated-homo-and-lumo-energy-levels-of-3a9og51a.png Table 1. Estimated HOMO and LUMO Energy Levels of Aryldiazonium Ions 2b–7b and SOMO and LUMO Energy Levels of Aryl Radicals 2c–7c by DFT Calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-half-life-time-t1-2-of-in-situ-prepared-3ub01vs1.png Table 2. Half-Life Time (t1/2) of In-Situ Prepared Aryldiazonium Salts 2b·Cl–7b·Cl. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-typical-raman-spectra-of-graphite-functionalized-1q79cd17.png Figure 4. Typical Raman spectra of graphite functionalized using aryldiazonium salts, 3b·Cl (a), 4b·Cl (b), 5b·Cl (c), 6b·Cl (d) and 7b·Cl (e). ID/IG ratios are 0.068 ± 0.002 (a), 0.030 ± 0.001 (b), 0.024 ± 0.001 (c), 0.056 ± 0.003 (d) and 0.017 ± 0.001 (e), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reduction-potentials-of-aryldiazonium-salts-2b-cl-7b-tjtenah6.png Table 3. Reduction Potentials of Aryldiazonium Salts 2b·Cl –7b·Cl in Cyclic Voltammetry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-stm-images-of-functionalized-graphite-urs7fz3i.png Figure 5. Typical STM images of functionalized graphite surfaces using diazonium salts, 3b·Cl (a), 4b·Cl (b), 5b·Cl (c), 6b·Cl (d) and 7b·Cl (e). Tunneling conditions are (a) Iset = 15 pA, Vbias = −600 mV, (b) Iset = 60 pA, Vbias = −800 mV, (c) Iset = 60 pA, Vbias = −800 mV, (d) Iset = 2 pA, Vbias = −500 mV, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-for-chemical-z47x2u36.png Figure 1. Schematic representation for chemical functionalization of graphitic surfaces through aryl radical addition reactions. 4-Nitrophenyl radical 1c results in multi-layer growth with a low grafting density, while 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl radical 2c shows monolayer formation with a high grafting density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-chemical-structures-of-aniline-derivatives-3a-7a-1temou99.png Figure 2. Chemical structures of aniline derivatives 3a–7a, aryldiazonium ions 3b–7b, and aryl radicals 3c–7c. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ratios-of-intensities-of-d-and-g-peaks-id-ig-of-14sv7nqi.png Table 4. Ratios of Intensities of D and G Peaks (ID/IG) of Raman Spectra, Number of Bright Dots in STM Images and AFM Estimated Thickness of Deposited Layers of Functionalized Graphite Surfaces Using Aryldiazonium Salts 2b·Cl–7b·Cl. https://scispace.com/papers/stereoselective-e-z-photoisomerization-of-oxazolidinone-da7qz6suev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-temperature-effect-in-the-isomerization-of-1z-with-3nrhu6fp.png Table 5 Temperature effect in the isomerization of 1Z with triplet sensitizersa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-eyring-plot-of-the-de-values-for-1e-obtained-upon-2grn0yji.png Fig. 2 Eyring plot of the de values for 1E obtained upon triplet photosensitization with sensitizers 3a ($), 3b (#), 3c (&), and 3d (m) in CD3OD. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-solvent-effect-isomerization-of-1z-with-triplet-2zys751f.png Table 4 Solvent effect: isomerization of 1Z with triplet sensitizersa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-absorption-a-steady-state-emission-b-and-time-resolved-3j0j5vus.png Fig. 1 Absorption (a), steady-state emission (b), and time-resolved phosphorescence (c) spectra of 1Z (2.0 6 1024 M) in CH3CN at 23 uC (a) or ethanol glass at 77 K (b, c). The time-resolved phosphorescence spectrum was recorded 1 ms after an excitation pulse of 360 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sensitized-photoisomerization-of-1z-19z-1e-and-19e-1of7ujne.png Table 2 Sensitized photoisomerization of 1Z, 19Z, 1E and 19E in acetone-d6 2 a https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitized-photoisomerization-of-1z-19z-and-1e-with-3p4rbkxr.png Table 3 Sensitized photoisomerization of 1Z, 19Z and 1E with 3aa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-photoisomerization-of-1z-by-direct-irradiationa-2ipcpx6q.png Table 1 Photoisomerization of 1Z by direct irradiationa https://scispace.com/papers/still-fire-in-the-full-belly-anti-establishment-rhetoric-stoatt5smr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-change-in-populists-language-after-government-v0psa8z6.png Figure 1 – Change in populists’ language after government formation (with 95% confidence interval). https://scispace.com/papers/still-life-in-the-old-attack-dogs-the-press-3u975vs3rb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-daily-newspapers-partisanship-and-circulationxxi-su2pssrn.png Table 1: Daily newspapers’ partisanship and circulationxxi https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-campaign-issues-top-10-in-the-press-3rwhgdyk.png Table 3: Campaign issues- top 10 in the press https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-voting-by-newspaper-readership-equivalent-figures-ltoq3u37.png Table 4: Voting by newspaper readership (equivalent figures for 2010 in brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sunday-newspapers-partisanship-and-circulation-1pqp0iuk.png Table 2: Sunday newspapers’ partisanship and circulation https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-modelling-of-temperature-variations-with-a-view-3exu6gm3ur 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-residuals-after-2sbmqdx6.png Table 4. Descriptive statistics for residuals after regression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-empirical-autocorrelation-function-for-the-l7dqs70f.png Figure 5. The empirical autocorrelation function for the residuals and squared residuals after regression for Alta and Bergen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-empirical-and-smoothed-seasonal-variability-tjn78f26.png Figure 6. The empirical and smoothed seasonal variability function. The plots display Alta and Bergen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-empirical-autocorrelation-function-for-the-1166zy13.png Figure 8. The empirical autocorrelation function for the residuals and squared residuals after dividing by the seasonal variation σt for Alta and Bergen https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-residuals-and-squared-residuals-after-dividing-3nz20yfe.png Figure 7. The residuals and squared-residuals after dividing out the seasonal variation component. The plots display Alta and Bergen https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-correlations-between-cities-for-the-average-bly2201w.png Table 10. Correlations between cities for the average temperature less seasonality https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-values-of-the-hurst-coefficient-h-and-r2-in-the-bulxnmn7.png Table 9. Values of the Hurst coefficient (H) and R2 in the fractional analysis of temperature https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-estimates-of-the-fitted-generalized-hyperbolic-z4cl95ji.png Table 8. Estimates of the fitted generalized hyperbolic distribution https://scispace.com/papers/stimulated-expression-of-mrnas-in-activated-t-cells-depends-56qrq6czsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mrnas-found-by-rda-are-inducible-by-pma-and-3cpmxuq7.png Figure 5. mRNAs found by RDA are inducible by PMA and ionomycin and decrease in levels upon treatment of Jurkat cells with LMB. (a) Northern blot of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA fractions from untreated, activated and activated/ LMB-treated cells. DpnII fragments of the indicated RDA clones and a GAPDH-PCR fragment were used as radioactive probes. (b) Semi-quantitative RT-PCR using equal amounts of RNA from nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA fractions from untreated (activ. K), activated (activ. C), and activated and LMB treated cells, detecting various transcripts. (c) Quantitative RT-PCR using cytoplasmic (cyt) or nuclear (nucl) RNA from activated Jurkat cells, detecting the CD83 or the Gas-message. Data (mean of two quantifications) were expressed as ratios of RNA in cells treated without or with LMB (KLMB/CLMB) for 3.5 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-inhibition-of-crm1-by-an-inhibitory-nup214fragment-1x4hllev.png Figure 6. Inhibition of CRM1 by an inhibitory Nup214fragment leads to a reduced cytoplasmic concentration of selected mRNAs. Jurkat cells were co-transfected with a plasmid coding for the C terminus of Nup214 (CANc) or the empty vector (control), together with a plasmid coding for GFP. Cells were activated to express mRNAs of interest and GFP-positive cells were sorted by FACS. Total RNA levels of untreated cells (TK), as well as total (T), cytoplasmic (C) and nuclear (N) levels of activated cells were subjected to RT-PCR. The number of cycles was adjusted to the level of the individual messages, allowing a semi-quantitative analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-expression-of-transiently-transfected-cd83-is-32ieg62p.png Figure 7. Expression of transiently transfected CD83 is reduced by the inhibitory Nup214 fragment. (a) 293T cells were cotransfected with plasmids coding for GFP, CD83 and either the C terminus of Nup214 (CANc) or the empty vector (vector). CD83-expression levels were measured by flow cytometry and normalized to GFPlevels. The mean of four separate experiments is shown. The bar indicates the standard deviation. (b) COS-7 cells were cotransfected with plasmids coding for CD83 and either the C terminus of Nup214 (CANc) or the empty vector (vector). Cells were metabolically labelled and lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation with an antibody against CD83 and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The background labelling serves as a loading control. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crm1-dependent-hiv-env-rna-can-be-identified-by-rda-2ldh2lw0.png Figure 2. CRM1-dependent HIV-env RNA can be identified by RDA. (a) Northern blot with nuclear and cytoplasmic poly(A)C RNA from Cl-4 cells treated with or without LMB, detecting HIV-env sequences. (b) Quantitative RT-PCR detecting HIV-env sequences. Data were expressed as cytoplasmic (cyt) or nuclear (nucl) ratios of RNA in cells treated without or with LMB (KLMB/CLMB). The mean of two (nucl) or three (cyt) quantifications is shown. (c) cDNA Southern blot of cytoplasmic representations from Cl-4 cells probed with an HIV-env-specific DpnII-fragment as isolated by RDA, and a human b-actin probe as control. T, tester representation; D, driver representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cdna-southern-blot-with-5-mg-of-cytoplasmic-40cx9hlq.png Figure 4. cDNA Southern blot with 5 mg of cytoplasmic representations from activated Jurkat T cells. Cells were treated with (C) or without (K) 20 nM LMB for 3.5 h. DpnII fragments of the indicated clones were used as radioactive probes, b-actin and GAPDH PCR product probes were used as controls. T, tester representation; D, driver representation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-crm1-dependent-export-of-ribosomal-rnas-a-cdna-1un78shf.png Figure 3. CRM1-dependent export of ribosomal RNAs. (a) cDNA Southern blot of nuclear representations probed with DpnII-fragments of 18 S rRNA, 28 S rRNA or b-actin sequences, as indicated. T, tester representation; D, driver representation. (b) Fluorescence in situ hybridization detecting 28 S rRNA. (a) and (b) Cells were treated with (C) or without (K) 15 nM LMB overnight. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cdna-rda-clones-from-activated-jurkat-t-cells-tp9gkp4c.png Table 1. cDNA-RDA clones from activated Jurkat T cells https://scispace.com/papers/stock-distributions-and-the-retained-earnings-hypothesis-1zoaqc5za0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stock-distribution-classification-1980-2016-2qb0abb0.png TABLE 1 Stock Distribution Classification 1980 – 2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-replication-of-the-determinants-of-the-announcement-398vsf34.png TABLE 4 Replication of the Determinants of the Announcement Period Reaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-announcement-period-returns-1980-2235h51j.png TABLE 2 Determinants of Announcement Period Returns 1980-2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-comparison-r-s-vs-replication-1lh8aqwc.png TABLE 3 Descriptive Statistics Comparison - R&S vs Replication https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-trends-and-seasonality-in-economic-time-series-4i08ct9xha 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-breakdown-of-the-series-by-country-sample-period-rkwqb19x.png Table 1 Breakdown of the series by country, sample period, number of time series. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-principal-components-biplot-of-pi-i-1-530-circles-txkrmrlx.png Fig. 4 Principal components biplot of π̂i, i = 1, . . . , 530. Circles represent industrial production (IIP) series, and squares represent retail sales (RT) series. The orientation of the calibrated axes is provided by the position of the labels. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sensitivity-to-starting-values-s1-represent-the-full-e4yftp6r.png Table 5 Sensitivity to starting values. S1 represent the full model, corresponding to Υ = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1). S2 represent the null restricted model (e.g model 791) corresponding to Υ = (1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0). Finally M1 and M2 represent the first and the second most selected model. The percentage of the selected model is reported in parenthesis. Prior specification κ = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-distribution-of-selected-models-in-the-model-space-the-187zv5zz.png Fig. 3 Distribution of selected models in the model space. The horizontal axis refers to Mk, k = 1, . . . , 1024. Each symbol is proportional to the average number of times the corresponding specification was visited per series. The corresponding Υ vector is also reported. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-italy-index-of-industrial-production-for-total-1z602q1w.png Fig. 1 Italy, Index of Industrial Production for Total Manufacturing. Source: Eurostat, Europa Database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-results-for-the-italian-industrial-xpcmafys.png Table 6 Estimation results for the Italian Industrial Production Total Series. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-probability-of-identifying-a-particular-component-37hor1d2.png Table 4 Probability of identifying a particular component estimated using a uniform prior on the model space. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-10-r-1-pik-r-for-the-530-series-in-our-1f3fhc10.png Fig. 2 Distribution of ∑10 r=1 π̂ik(r) for the 530 series in our dataset. https://scispace.com/papers/stochastic-quasi-steady-state-approximations-for-asymptotic-u1faao34ae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-numerical-solution-of-the-mswkb-approximation-for-the-1gp8vaxd.png FIG. 2. Numerical solution of the MSWKB approximation for the Michealis-Menten model Eqs. (13)–(17). Plot (a) shows results for the average concentration of substrate (blue solid line), s1, and complex (green dashed line), s3, whereas plot (b) shows results for the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix associated to the substrate, S11, (solid blue line) and to the complex, S33, (dashed green line). Parameter values: = 103, k1 = k2 = 1 s−1, k3 = 0.1 s−1, α1 = 1, and α2 = α3 = 1/3.13 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-enzymatic-reactions-leading-to-eq-50-in-the-quasi-1fsdhgbt.png FIG. 6. Enzymatic reactions leading to Eq. (50) in the quasi-steady state approximation. A represents active Cdh/Apc (x1), I, inactive Cdh/Apc (x2), E1, activating enzymes (x3), E2, inactivating enzymes (x4), C1, active Cdh/ApcE1 complexes (x5), C2, inactive Cdh/Apc-E2 complexes (x6), and Y the number of CycB-CDK complexes (x7). The first two reactions correspond to enzyme-catalysed activation and inactivation of Cdh/APC. The third reaction corresponds to the dynamics of CycB activity: synthesis at a constant rate, k7, and degradation by natural decay and active Cdh/Apc-induced inactivation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-transition-rates-corresponding-to-the-enzymatic-32ariihu.png TABLE III. Transition rates corresponding to the enzymatic reaction shown in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-colour-code-for-panel-a-solid-blue-line-represents-s1-4ou60afl.png FIG. 3. Colour code for panel (a): Solid blue line represents s1(τ ) as given by the system of DAEs (Eqs. (13)–(17)), red dashed-dotted lines correspond to s1(τ ) ± −α0/2σ (τ ) (see Eq. (11)), and black dashed lines correspond to direct simulation of the stochastic process described in Table I where we show the time evolution of x1/ α0 . Panel (b): Average over 1000 realisations. Parameter values (both figures): = 103, k1 = k2 = 1 s−1, k3 = 0.1 s−1, α1 = 1, and α2 = α3 = 1/3.13 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-this-figure-shows-analytical-and-simulations-results-xje7n5al.png FIG. 4. This figure shows analytical and simulations results for the hitting time T(Z) as a function of the target value, Z, for E = 10 and different values of e0: Red, dashed lines correspond to e0 = 5, black, solid lines, to e0 = 10, and blue, dotted-dashed lines, to e0 = 20. In all cases, circles correspond to our analytical expression, Eq. (49), whereas squares show results obtained by stochastic simulation using Gillespie’s method and averaged over 10 000 realisations for each value of u. Parameter values:13 k1 = 1, k2 = 1, k3 = 0.1, s0 = = 1000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-bifurcation-diagram-for-the-tyson-and-novak-system-1ggas3jd.png FIG. 5. (a) Bifurcation diagram for the Tyson and Novak system, Eq. (50). Blue dashed-dotted and green solid lines correspond to the (stable) G1 branch and the (stable) S-G2-M, respectively, while the red dashed line represents the unstable branch. (b) Null-clines for the Tyson and Novak system, Eq. (50). The red solid line corresponds to the x7-null-cline whereas the blue dashed line is the x1-null-cline. We have taken m = 0.4. Other parameter values are given in Table V, Appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-fluctuation-path-for-the-stochastic-tyson-and-novak-r14gwcdf.png FIG. 9. Fluctuation path for the stochastic Tyson and Novak system with initial condition x1 = 0.9 and x7 = 0.1 (red dashed line). This initial condition is very close to the deterministic separatrix of the mean-field system (Eq. (50)), but belonging to the basin of attraction of the S-G2-M fixed point. Although the HJQSS approximation predicts that the most likely fluctuation path (blue solid line) is relaxation onto the S-G2-M fixed-point, this figure shows a realisation where the system makes a sojourn into the G1 attractor before relaxing onto S-G2-M fixed-point. Parameter values are given in Table V, Appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-parameter-values-used-in-simulations-of-the-jtwht7zv.png TABLE V. Parameter values used in simulations of the stochastic Tyson and Novak system and numerical solution of the corresponding HJQSS. https://scispace.com/papers/stocking-density-limits-for-post-smolt-atlantic-salmon-salmo-1ossonytt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-post-smolt-atlantic-salmon-performance-at-different-yx6z2sp3.png Table 2. Post-smolt Atlantic salmon performance at different stocking densities. 1 2 https://scispace.com/papers/stock-returns-productivity-and-corruption-in-eight-european-5cn58t8y8n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-relative-weight-of-the-national-gross-domestic-111fhn5f.png TABLE 1 Relative Weight of the National Gross Domestic Product (%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-the-explanatory-variables-1vymfr4z.png TABLE 4 Descriptive Statistics for the Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-determinants-of-stock-returns-for-the-whole-sample-1to1yle2.png TABLE 5 Determinants of Stock Returns for the Whole Sample (2004–2013) https://scispace.com/papers/stop-or-go-how-is-the-uk-food-industry-responding-to-front-39zww9gw6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nutrient-thresholds-for-traffic-light-coding-in-314ehftt.png Table 1. Nutrient thresholds for traffic light coding in solid foods (FSA 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-ordinal-logistic-regression-analysis-of-fop-label-2mhiu7xo.png Table 6. Ordinal logistic regression analysis of FOP label use in pizzas released for sale in the UK, 2007-2009 (n=118). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ordinal-logistic-regression-of-fop-label-use-in-1tj191i4.png Table 5. Ordinal logistic regression of FOP label use in pastry dishes released for sale in the UK, 2007-2009 (n=172). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ordinal-logistic-regression-analysis-of-meat-n0plj7aj.png Table 4. Ordinal logistic regression analysis of meat products released for sale in the UK, 2007-2009 (n=199). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-share-of-product-introductions-in-targeted-and-non-1vfgxukg.png Figure 1. Share of product introductions in targeted and non-targeted categories using FOP schemes by year (n=5988). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-foods-released-for-sale-1zi26iv1.png Table 2. Summary statistics of foods released for sale between 2007 and 2009 (n=2201). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptions-of-food-categories-included-in-analysis-d4wm3wx2.png Table 1. Nutrient thresholds for traffic light coding in solid foods (FSA 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ordinal-logistic-regression-analysis-of-fop-label-3bzygpkr.png Table 7. Ordinal logistic regression analysis of FOP label use in prepared meals released for sale in the UK, 2007-2009 (n=419). https://scispace.com/papers/storm-induced-hydrodynamic-changes-and-seabed-erosion-in-the-3r3sz6l4cd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-tide-velocity-vectors-of-depth-averaged-current-during-34sdwbhv.png Fig. 9. Tide velocity vectors of depth-averaged current during an ebb-flood process in (a) normal 405 conditions and (b) storm conditions.406 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-variation-of-the-number-of-strong-winds-in-autumn-n98u3c8m.png Fig. 20. Variation of the number of strong winds in autumn-winter-spring and the mean time 634 between two strong winds since 1976. 635 5 Conclusions 636 In this study, the effect of storms on the hydrodynamics and sediment transport 637 off the YRD were examined using a coupled modelling system including tides, waves, 638 and sediment processes. Verifications of flow field, wave heights, tides, sediment 639 concentrations demonstrated that the model can reproduce the hydrodynamic and 640 sediment processes and indicated storm erosion occurring in nearshore zones of the 641 northern YRD and Gudong. 642 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-residual-water-mass-transport-in-a-normal-and-b-storm-3ltw0kif.png Fig. 10. Residual water mass transport in (a) normal and (b) storm conditions. 408 In normal conditions, the influence of wind was weak, and the residual currents 409 were greatly affected by tidal current. In the shallow area, the Trw was generally less 410 than 0.1 m 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-computational-domain-and-topography-of-the-bohai-sea-uytw7dcd.png Fig. 1. (a) Computational domain and topography of the Bohai Sea; (b) Detailed study area, where 92 blue triangles mark the locations of the vertical hydrological and sediment measurements and 93 other marks represent the locations of continuous survey during the storm event in April 2013. 94 Two alongshore sections are also indicated for detailed comparisons. 95 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-210-sediment-and-mud-fractions-considered-in-the-1z5x2tzk.png Table 1 210 Sediment and mud fractions considered in the morphological model 211 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-sediment-transport-features-a-the-suspended-37izptgq.png Fig. 15. The sediment transport features: (a) the suspended sediment concentrations and (b) 535 residual sediment mass transport during northeasterly wind; (c) the suspended sediment 536 concentrations and (d) residual sediment mass transport during northwesterly wind. 537 During the NEP, the residual transport of sediment increased with the decrease of 538 water depth. The larger value appeared off the Gudong coast, with the value of 0.23 539 kg/s. Although the residual transport of sediment during the NWP was less than that 540 during the NEP, it also showed a trend of increasing with the decrease of water depth, 541 with a high value of more than 0.18 kg/s off the Gudong coast and river mouth. The 542 directions of sediment transport were similar during these two periods, and basically 543 consistent with the direction of water transport. The main difference of them occurred 544 in the deep area, but the rates were mostly less than 0.05 kg/s. In both periods, the 545 sediment was transported offshore and southward as a whole. Specifically, the 546 sediment along the northern YRD coast was mainly transported eastward. After 547 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-of-measured-depth-average-flow-velocity-and-2393fr5p.png Fig. 5. Comparison of measured depth-average flow velocity and flow direction (blue dots) with 272 the computed results (solid line) at eight measurement locations. 273 3.3 Suspended sediment concentration 274 The computed SSCs were compared with the observed SSCs at Sites S1-S4 and 275 N1-N4 (Fig. 6). The computed SSC was well reproduced with tidal variation. For 276 example, the tide had a transition from spring tides to neap tide during Oct 11 to Oct 277 15, 2009, so the modeled SSCs of sites S1-S4 during the period had decrease trends. 278 The modeled SSC had the same order of magnitude as the measurements. The 279 relatively large errors between the modeled and observed data appearing at sites S3 280 and S4 were mainly due to the erosion caused by waves, which was difficult to 281 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-time-series-of-observed-wind-speed-and-the-signal-ei5uuyxh.png Fig. 19. Time series of observed wind speed and the signal variations in a monthly scale. 622 Using the ECMWF wind data, the frequency and interval time of strong wind in 623 https://scispace.com/papers/storyscope-supporting-the-authoring-and-reading-of-museum-3q2mbngwri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-deriving-themes-from-the-story-tags-claude-monet-8n2aai86.png Figure 5 Deriving themes from the story tags Claude Monet and Paul Cézanne. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-settings-derived-from-the-story-tags-of-two-3c1bcu92.png Figure 6. Settings derived from the story tags of two artworks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-overview-of-storyscope-ontology-s5nbsn0r.png Figure 7. Overview of Storyscope ontology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predicting-future-tags-from-the-first-1-2-3-and-4-2c0mcfu2.png Table 1. Predicting future tags from the first 1, 2, 3 and 4 story tags. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-story-with-image-gallery-tags-and-additional-oz262lsc.png Figure 1. A story with image gallery, tags and additional suggested tags from the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representing-facts-and-events-related-to-claude-1s9l37bn.png Figure 2. Representing facts and events related to Claude Monet. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-number-of-proposed-settings-matching-an-explicit-3dlhggqf.png Table 2. The number of proposed settings matching an explicit story setting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-number-of-explicit-story-settings-matching-a-x0pw7nu7.png Table 3. The number of explicit story settings matching a proposed setting. https://scispace.com/papers/straightforward-syntheses-of-biradical-producing-bicyclic-36ktwmfcgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-selected-bond-distances-and-bond-angles-of-53-54-3udxp00d.png Table 3 Selected bond distances and bond angles [¡] of 53, 54, singlet 55, triplet 55, singlet 56, triplet 56 and the transition states[Ó] and The numbering of atoms is shown in Fig. 1 and does not follow IUPAC nomenclature[53] 55]E [54] 56]E. https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-communication-and-barriers-to-strategy-4uj8muqq6w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-question-8-22o44lz3.png Fig. 8. Question 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-question-10-22l7p4a1.png Fig. 10. Question 10 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-question-6-3k9v9plb.png Fig. 6. Question 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-question-7-ocqbhtks.png Fig. 7. Question 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-question-9-jcy8dpie.png Fig. 9. Question 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-question-1-zze2ii1f.png Fig. 1. Question 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-question-4-1m3bxwf5.png Fig. 4. Question 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-question-3-17c8pn6k.png Fig. 3. Question 3 https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-communication-management-in-the-non-profit-sector-1had4j9h87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-steyn-and-puths-model-1ksn23i0.png Table 1 Steyn and Puth’s model https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-entrepreneurship-and-performance-of-small-and-48fxpwlq6g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regression-analysis-of-entrepreneurial-leadership-on-115fgm28.png Table 2: Regression Analysis of Entrepreneurial Leadership on Employee Turnover Intention of selected SMEs in Aba metropolis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-analysis-of-entrepreneurial-education-on-3nwt6vat.png Table 1: Regression Analysis of Entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial efficiency of selected SMEs in Aba metropolis https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-analysis-of-entrepreneurial-orientation-3a4b7zri.png Table 4: Regression Analysis of entrepreneurial orientation on entrepreneurial innovation of selected SMEs in Aba metropolis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-analysis-of-entrepreneurial-knowledge-on-2ld1jsr2.png Table 3: Regression Analysis of Entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial skills of selected SMEs in Aba metropolis https://scispace.com/papers/strategic-fiscal-interaction-among-oecd-countries-49dms6qvsn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-capital-taxation-on-fdi-inwards-1akk6r1l.png Table 1: The effect of Capital Taxation on FDI Inwards https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-strategic-substitution-between-capital-tax-rates-and-1vlbf6dm.png Table 4: Strategic substitution between capital tax rates and public investment spending https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-capital-tax-rates-strategic-interaction-3vbiiwp6.png Table 3: Capital tax rates strategic interaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-public-investment-spending-on-fdi-a4tm3ci1.png Table 2: The effect of Public Investment Spending on FDI Inwards https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-guideline-energy-retrofits-for-low-rise-multifamily-184nkykhh7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-poor-air-sealing-around-windows-energy-star-2011c-3o0kw0ij.png Figure 8. Poor air sealing around windows (ENERGY STAR 2011c) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-proper-installation-of-continuous-rigid-foam-2jbr25qk.png Figure 10. Proper installation of continuous rigid foam (ENERGY STAR 2011c), showing the use of cap nails and proper sealing of seams ................................................................................. 17 Figure 11. Typical multifamily heating unit without microprocessor controls (Klein 2011) ............. 20 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-before-left-and-after-right-air-sealing-24tqes7s.png Figure 2. Before (left) and after (right) air sealing penetrations into any unconditioned roof cavities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-5-unit-town-house-left-31-unit-double-loaded-3vr7wxll.png Figure 1. 5-unit town house (left); 31-unit double-loaded corridor multifamily buildings (right) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-wall-repair-or-gut-rehab-retrofit-measure-95uvk4sx.png Figure 14. Wall repair or gut rehab retrofit measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-roof-repair-or-replacement-retrofit-measure-wm0396m8.png Figure 13. Roof repair or replacement retrofit measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-boiler-maintenance-and-retrofit-measure-as20ihwf.png Figure 15. Boiler maintenance and retrofit measure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-typical-multifamily-heating-unit-without-x5h0v8v2.png Figure 11. Typical multifamily heating unit without microprocessor controls (Klein 2011) https://scispace.com/papers/strategy-proof-and-anonymous-rule-in-queueing-problems-a-bmkiwhk65q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-illustration-of-the-proof-of-theorem-1-case-2-of-1ma9mvap.png Figure 2: Illustration of the proof of theorem 1, case 2 of claim https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-k1-c-k2-c-and-k3-c-3lxcfqtx.png Figure 1: Illustration of K1(c), K2(c), and K3(c) https://scispace.com/papers/stream-security-particularities-in-java-26esy556vb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-consumption-of-the-des-algorithm-2b5men99.png Fig. 5. Time consumption of the DES algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-consumption-of-the-blowfish-algorithm-195gbf43.png Fig. 7. Time consumption of the Blowfish algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-time-consumption-of-the-aes-algorithm-251jvccl.png Fig. 8. Time consumption of the AES algorithm https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-secured-stream-byte-distribution-1q8o2jca.png Fig. 2. The secured stream byte distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-consumption-of-the-rsa-algorithm-ezvujisz.png Fig. 9. Time consumption of the RSA algorithm https://scispace.com/papers/stress-and-vibration-analyses-of-the-wind-turbine-blade-a-2hcl8107ax 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-nrel-offshore-5-mw-blade-2mfn95lk.png Figure 5: NREL offshore 5-MW blade https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-2nd-mode-shape-of-cfrp-blade-2yq1u96g.png Figure 21: 2nd mode shape of CFRP blade https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-global-capacity-and-annual-additions-of-wind-power-26hq7lv3.png Figure 1: Global capacity and annual additions of wind power, 2007- 2017 [3] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-3rd-mode-shape-of-cfrp-blade-2qak5pjg.png Figure 22: 3rd mode shape of CFRP blade https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dimensions-and-specifications-of-the-nrel-offshore-5-34vn2qwj.png Table 1: Dimensions and specifications of the NREL offshore 5-MW HAWT [18] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flowchart-of-the-process-to-build-3d-model-of-the-3ixekgss.png Figure 3: Flowchart of the process to build 3D model of the wind turbine blade https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nrel-5-mw-wind-turbine-17-30huqgci.png Figure 2: NREL 5-MW wind turbine [17] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-mechanical-properties-of-these-materials-are-19-2woshe80.png Table 2: The mechanical properties of these materials are [19],[20] https://scispace.com/papers/stressful-events-and-support-during-birth-the-effect-on-3ze82a4p19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-xlw8rns7.png Table 1: Participant Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-stressful-events-and-support-on-anxiety-3dg2pu4f.png Figure 1: Effect of stressful events and support on anxiety, mood, and perceived control during birth https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-scores-and-ancova-for-birth-stories-with-high-2dyrd09l.png Table 4: Mean scores and ANCOVA for birth stories with high/low stressful events and high/low support https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-analyses-of-differences-between-women-in-the-four-2fc1bcvg.png Table 11. Analyses of differences between women in the four experimental conditions found no significant differences in age, education or parity, or between baseline mood or anxiety scores indicating that women were randomised between birth stories successfully (anxiety: F(3,131) = .53, p = .62; Mood; F(3,131) = 1.05, p = .37). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-manipulation-check-scores-4a061c9x.png Table 3: Summary of manipulation check scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-1uc2z3m3.png Table 2: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/papers/strip-tic-exploring-augmented-paper-strips-for-air-traffic-23vx0eop4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-project-timeline-3kamm310.png Figure 3: project timeline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-front-and-rear-of-paper-strip-2cakprtn.png Figure 5: Front and rear of paper Strip. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-controllers-can-use-the-digital-pen-on-the-radar-3nutqy9p.png Figure 8: controllers can use the digital pen on the radar screen to select an aircraft. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-infrared-leds-with-the-webcam-to-track-strips-39tsj3je.png Figure 6: Infrared LEDs with the webcam to track strips. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-digital-pen-with-glass-and-translucent-layer-1ow5d7xp.png Figure 7: Digital pen with glass and translucent layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-controllers-using-the-strip-tic-prototype-2l76vioe.png Figure 1: two controllers using the Strip'TIC prototype (digital pens, augmented radar, stripboard, and paper strips). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-light-spectrums-3d5y9muo.png Figure 11: light spectrums https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-virtual-strip-are-projected-on-the-stripboard-a-144h61fj.png Figure 10: Virtual strip are projected on the stripboard. A controller points on a paper strip: the corresponding beacon is highlighted on the virtual strip. https://scispace.com/papers/strong-intrabeam-scattering-in-heavy-ion-and-proton-beams-52ynzbvqag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bunch-length-growth-gold-ions-2cup8euy.png Fig. 4. Bunch length growth. Gold ions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-beam-bunch-height-growth-for-protons-pqbw1oh8.png Fig. 6. Beam bunch height growth for protons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-emittance-growth-gold-ions-3b6lyjs1.png Fig. 1. Emittance growth. Gold ions. https://scispace.com/papers/strongly-enhanced-acidity-and-activity-of-amorphous-silica-324wdli7i9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1h-mas-nmr-spectra-of-dehydrated-fsp-derived-sa-5x-2e0u6fc7.png Figure 3. 1H MAS NMR spectra of dehydrated FSP-derived SA/5x (a), SA/10x (b), SA/30x (c), SA/50x (d) and SA/70x (e), recorded before (top) and after (bottom) loading with NH3 and subsequent evacuation at 373 K for 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1h-27al-trapdor-spectra-of-dehydrated-sa-70x-38ycuddk.png Figure 4. 1H/27Al TRAPDOR spectra of dehydrated SA/70x. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-catalytic-conversion-of-pg-in-ethanol-close-symbol-3axe6nzg.png Figure 8. Catalytic conversion of PG in ethanol (close symbol) and selectivity to ethyl mandelate (open symbol) over SA/5x (■), SA/10x (●), SA/30x (▲), SA/50x (♦) and SA/70x (★) as a function of reaction time. Conditions: 1.25 ml of ethanol solution containing 0.4 M PG, 0.05 g catalyst, at 363 K for 6 h with stirring. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-13c-cp-mas-nmr-spectra-of-sa-5x-a-sa-10x-b-and-sa-2kotrhcp.png Figure 7. 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of SA/5x (a), SA/10x (b) and SA/70x (c) recorded after loading with acetone-2-13C and evacuation at room temperature for 1 h. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-correlation-between-the-concentration-of-bronsted-30l1vm0i.png Figure 6. Correlation between the concentration of Brønsted acidic OH groups (BAS, solid line) and AlV species (dash line) as a function of the Al content in dehydrated FSPderived SA/Xx prepared by xylene (★) and MeAA (■) as solvents, respectively. The density of AlV species were obtained by simulation of the corresponding 27Al NMR spectra of dehydrated SA/Xx samples using the parameters obtained in MQMAS NMR investigations (Fig. S1). The simulation parameters are summarized in Table S1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-fsp-sa-xx-catalysts-with-al-contents-x-1mq3r1lq.png Table 1. Properties of FSP SA/Xx catalysts with Al contents X of 5 to 70 atom%. BET surface areas (ABET), particle size (DBET), total densities of surface OH groups (TOH), densities of Brønsted acid sites (NBAS), and fractions of Al species with different oxygen coordinations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrd-patterns-of-fsp-derived-sa-xx-catalysts-with-3tmd50by.png Figure 1. XRD patterns of FSP-derived SA/Xx catalysts with different Al contents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-29si-mas-nmr-spectra-of-fsp-derived-sa-5x-a-sa-10x-9rkeeugk.png Figure 5. 29Si MAS NMR spectra of FSP-derived SA/5x (a), SA/10x (b), SA/30x (c) and SA/70x (d). https://scispace.com/papers/strong-quantum-chaos-in-the-global-ballooning-mode-spectrum-1x42lpko4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-sections-uk-0-and-q-0-893-of-the-topologically-2uavycta.png FIG. 1. The sections uk 0 and q 0.893 of the topologically spherical isosurfaces of the central, (0,0), ballooning mode branch, bounded by the isosurface l 26 (arbitrary units). The darker shades denote higher growth rates, the peak corresponding to l 28. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-two-views-of-intersections-with-the-poincare-surface-29gswjxn.png FIG. 2. Two views of intersections with the Poincaré surface of section a 0. https://scispace.com/papers/strontium-isotope-analysis-to-reveal-migration-in-relation-m3rg2kdgje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-87sr-86sr-ratios-in-human-1xewqukp.png Table 4. Descriptive statistics for 87Sr/86Sr ratios in human enamel in Ota’s 872 “all” and “local” data sets and Tsukumo’s “all” data set. 873 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-strontium-isotope-ratios-in-human-tooth-enamel-and-2kkfe4x1.png Fig. 4. Strontium isotope ratios in human tooth enamel and bone of the Ota skeletal 896 remains. The values are arranged in rank order. Black bars are tooth enamel samples, 897 and gray bars are bone samples. 898 899 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-strontium-isotope-ratios-in-human-tooth-enamel-and-3okt2163.png Fig. 5. Strontium isotope ratios in human tooth enamel and bone of the Tsukumo 901 skeletal remains. The values are arranged in rank order. Black bars are tooth enamel 902 samples, and gray bars are bone samples. 903 904 905 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-geologic-map-of-the-study-area-open-circles-indicate-6r1gr4gv.png Fig. 3. (A) Geologic map of the study area. Open circles indicate plant-sampling 888 locations with sample numbers. Circles No. 6 and No. 28 indicate the Ota and Tsukumo 889 sites, respectively. Large circles indicate 10 km range from the sites. (B) Map of the 890 geographic distribution of strontium isotope ratios in plants. The graphic representation 891 was performed using ArcGIS (ESRI, Inc.) software and the kriging calculation method. 892 893 894 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strontium-isotope-analysis-of-ota-samples-861-27mtmlhp.png Table 1. Strontium isotope analysis of Ota samples 861 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-strontium-isotope-analysis-of-tsukumo-samples-865-1v9p9bq2.png Table 2. Strontium isotope analysis of Tsukumo samples 865 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-geologic-map-of-the-study-area-modified-from-the-1-w842y80c.png Fig. 2. Geologic map of the study area, modified from the 1:200,000 integrated geologic 882 map (Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 2005), and Jomon sites divided by period 883 modified from Okamoto (1987), Hirai (1987), and Kawase (2006). 884 885 886 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-strontium-isotope-analysis-of-plants-in-the-study-1khatc2h.png Table 3. Strontium isotope analysis of plants in the study area 869 https://scispace.com/papers/strongly-nucleophilic-rhi-centre-in-square-planar-complexes-3064d8z7tj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-single-electron-transitions-of-complex-1-as-1zn91kv1.png Table 4. Single-electron transitions of complex 1, as calculated with the ADF/BP program https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-single-electron-transitions-of-complex-2-as-34go96bt.png Table 5. Single-electron transitions of complex 2, as calculated with the ADF/BP program https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-electronic-absorption-spectrum-of-complex-1-7-27-6lyrmeyr.png Figure 11. Electronic absorption spectrum of complex 1 (7.27 10 5 ) in EtOH. Major electronic transitions of complex 1, as calculated by the ADF/BP method (Table 4) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-electronic-absorption-spectrum-of-complex-2-1-36-dby3xda3.png Figure 12. Electronic absorption spectrum of complex 2 (1.36 10 4 ) in EtOH. Major electronic transitions of complex 2, as calculated by the ADF/BP method (Table 5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-cyclic-voltammogram-of-complex-1-in-dmf-at-a-pt-1af53545.png Figure 13. Cyclic voltammogram of complex 1 in DMF at a Pt disk electrode, ν 100 mV s 1: (a) Partly reversible one-electron oxidation of the RhI centre to RhII at T 293 K; (b) reversible oneelectron reduction of the tpy ligand at T 233 K; (c) complete cyclic voltammogram at T 293 K. Asterisk denotes the Fc/Fc redox couple https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-crystallographic-data-and-summary-of-the-refinement-2piwy23w.png Table 6. Crystallographic data and summary of the refinement for complexes 1 and 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-bond-lengths-a-for-complexes-1-and-4-and-1kaoqrez.png Table 1. Selected bond lengths (Å) for complexes 1 and 4, and for geometry-optimised 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-bond-angles-deg-for-complexes-1-and-4-and-17o8vgb3.png Table 2. Selected bond angles (°) for complexes 1 and 4, and for geometry-optimised 1 and 2 . https://scispace.com/papers/structural-analysis-of-bridges-with-time-variant-modulus-of-3lbiaijk7m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-modified-and-normal-strain-at-a-10m-s-b-15m-s-c-3uya7q4s.png Figure 10: Modified and normal strain at (a) 10m/s, (b) 15m/s, (c) 20m/s, and (d) 30m/s (e) 35m/s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-strain-at-two-different-distances-from-the-neutral-2eu89pc2.png Figure 9: Strain at two different distances from the neutral axis for the beam mid-span cross-section https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-modified-using-time-variant-modulus-displacement-1pub2wtj.png Figure 11: Modified (using time-variant modulus) displacement at mid-span versus time for different speeds https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-modified-and-normal-strain-for-spans-a-20m-and-b-3cpqlyoq.png Figure 12: Modified and normal strain for spans (a) 20m and (b) 30m https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ratio-of-dynamic-modulus-of-elasticity-to-static-1e0jgi52.png Figure 1: Ratio of dynamic modulus of elasticity to static modulus of elasticity versus strain rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-variant-modulus-with-strain-rate-versus-time-1knm2bh6.png Figure 2: Time-variant modulus with strain rate versus time at mid-span https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stiffness-ec-iz-versus-time-2a061wso.png Figure 4: Stiffness (Ec* Iz) versus time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-modified-cross-section-of-beam-element-to-calculate-1b2s33fw.png Figure 3: Modified cross-section of beam element to calculate the moment of inertia at each point in time https://scispace.com/papers/structural-analysis-of-simultaneous-activation-and-3jyev4ydcy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-d-comparative-analysis-of-physicochemical-j87zt953.png Figure 2 (A-D). Comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of DAPT, semagacestat, LY411,575, and avagacestat structures. (A) 2D structures. (B) a radar diagram of overlap with the Lipinski rules: FLEX flexibility, INSAT relative share of sp3 carbon atoms, INSOLU LogP values, POLAR polar surface area, SIZE molecular mass, LIPO hydrophobic surface area. The pink area represents the optimal values, the superimposed lines represent the values specific for each compound. (C) electron densities are mapped on molecular surfaces and colored to highlight the surface properties: green hydrophobic, blue Hbond donor, red H-bond acceptor, yellow polar. (D) overlap of 3D molecular structures with DAPT as the reference molecule. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dose-response-curves-for-ab-1-40-production-in-shsy-b5m056td.png Figure 1. Dose-response curves for Aβ 1-40 production in SHSY cells were measured in the presence of DAPT, semagacestat, LY-411,575, and avagacestat. Aβ 1-40 production in SHSY-5 cells shows biphasic activation-inhibition dose-response curves with all four drugs. Different parameters that describe the biphasic dose-response curves were calculated and listed in the table (eqn. 1) (10). The gray lines represent the best-fit curve to experimental values that are represented by black dots. The blue and red lines represent calculated activation and inhibition events if the two events can be separated. Activation constants (EC50) and the inhibition constant (IC50) represent the affinity for each binding event. The Hill´s coefficients represent the stoichiometry of interaction, and/or possible cooperative processes in the binding events. “Max activity” parameter represents the maximal possible activation if there is no competing inhibition. This parameter roughly correlates with the ability of drugs to facilitate enzyme-substrate interactions (10). The initial activity is the same for all four drugs because all measurements used the same batch of cells. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-d-docking-sites-for-semagacestat-on-the-g-3g5dy2s7.png Figure 4 (A-D). Docking sites for semagacestat on the γ-secretase structure in complex with its substrate (PDB:6IYC) (36). Molecular docking studies showed that as much as four semagacestat molecules (green) can bind to γ-secretase simultaneously in presence of the substrate. One drug molecule binds at each end of the active site tunnel, two drug molecules bind in the gap between presenilin and Aph1 subunit. Transparent protein surfaces are used to show the structures underneath the surface. Four different presentations show the position of the drug-binding sites relative to the main structural elements in the γ-secretase complex. (A-B) Different subunits are shown in different colors, nicastrin cyan, presenilin white or light blue, Aph1 pink, substrate gray, while the membrane is shown as dots. The drugs bind to presenilin sites inside and outside of the membrane. Buried underneath the protein surface is the substrate depicted as a gray surface, the active site Asp 257 and Asp 385 (red ), and the adjacent PAL motif (black, Pro 435, Ala 434, Leu 433) (40). (C ) The protein surface is colored based on its polarity: blue polar, brown hydrophobic, white amphiphilic. The substrate is shown as a black surface, that can also mark the position of active site tunnel (D) APBS analysis of electric fields on the protein surface: blue positive, red negative, white neutral (70). The electric fields show that γ-secretase is a polarized molecule. The negative field dominates on the nicastrin side of the membrane, while the positive field dominates the cytosolic site. Thus, the positive N-terminal of the substrate is matching the negative field on nicastrin, and the negative C-terminal on the nascent Aβ catalytic intermediates is matching the positive field at the cytosolic side of the protein. Dynamic electric fields can be a crucial part of enzymesubstrate recognition and processive cleavages of the Aβ catalytic intermediates (12, 25, 36). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-c-biphasic-drugs-can-bind-to-g-secretase-and-3fpvwuk5.png Figure 7 (A-C). Biphasic-drugs can bind to γ-secretase and selectively interfere with the processive proteolytic cleavages. We used all-atom molecular dynamics studies (65) to analyze whether molecules of biphasic-drugs can penetrate into the active site tunnel when γ-secretase is in complex with different Aβ catalytic intermediates. With all four drugs, the deepest penetration is observed with Aβ 43, the lowest penetration is observed with Aβ 49. The penetrations are depicted using the presenilin structures (36), and quantitatively using RMSF values as a function of amino acid positions (38, 39). (A) The presenilin structures are shown as a white transparent surface to make the structures below the surface visible. Buried underneath the surface in the active site tunnel are different Aβ catalytic intermediates (blue surface) and active site Asp 257 and Asp 385 (red licorice). The drugs are shown as green VanderWaals https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-d-binding-interactions-between-the-biphasic-drugs-18fk42wp.png Figure 5 (A-D). Binding interactions between the biphasic-drugs and γ-secretase in complex with its substrate (PDB:6IYC) (36). We used all-atom molecular dynamic calculations (65) to describe how different biphasic-drugs can affect dynamic interactions between γ-secretase and its substrate (36, 37). The molecular dynamic calculations (65) started with γ-secretase structures in complex with biphasicdrugs that have been prepared in molecular docking studies (Fig 4) (46). The results are presented using https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-c-residue-based-coarse-grained-molecular-dynamics-jzi05xf7.png Figure 3 (A-C). Residue-based coarse-grained molecular dynamics studies of γ-secretase complex. We used cryo-EM coordinates (PDB:6IYC) (36) to describe how substrate and Aβ catalytic intermediates can affect the dynamic conformational changes in the γ-secretase complex. Described conformation changes represent between 10 to 20 µsec of molecular events (35). The results are depicted visually (AB), and quantitatively (C ), with the focus on presenilin 1 structures. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-cathodoluminescence-assessment-of-v2o5-4wq8glvmne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sem-image-of-vanadium-pentoxide-nanowires-grown-at-1ewaxfue.png FIG. 1. a SEM image of vanadium pentoxide nanowires grown at 690 °C over a 4H-SiC substrate. Deposition time was 24 h. b Nanowires grown at 700 °C on a similar substrate. Deposition time was 15 h. c SEM image showing joining or superposition inset of some nanowires. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-representative-cl-spectra-85-k-12-kv-0-5-na-from-v2o5-1xkhajj3.png FIG. 5. Representative CL spectra 85 K, 12 kV, 0.5 nA from V2O5 nanotips solid line and platelets dashed line grown at 700 °C for 15 h on Si substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-b-sem-images-of-v2o5-platelets-ending-in-sharp-3t4dumc8.png FIG. 4. a,b SEM images of V2O5 platelets ending in sharp nanotips deposited on Si substrates after treatment at 705 °C for 24 h. c Array of parallel nanotips stemming from the top of a platelet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-cl-spectrum-85-k-12-kv-0-5-na-of-the-untreated-v2o5-ho1h5gcc.png FIG. 3. CL spectrum 85 K, 12 kV, 0.5 nA of the untreated V2O5 powder solid line and representative spectrum obtained using the same excitation conditions of one of the nanowires shown in Fig. 1 b . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-low-magnification-tem-micrograph-of-a-nanowire-grown-339gd1xt.png FIG. 2. a Low magnification TEM micrograph of a nanowire grown at 700 °C on a 4H-SiC substrate. b HRTEM image of the area marked in the previous micrograph showing 200 lattice fringes running parallel to the edge of the nanowire. The corresponding SAED pattern, shown in the inset, can be identified as the 001 pattern of orthorhombic V2O5. c HRTEM micrograph of the same nanowire. A projection of the unit cell a =1.15 nm, b=0.36 nm is inserted in the image. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-functional-stabilization-of-bacteriophage-5e0hj19sys 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cryo-tem-micrographs-of-the-concentrated-ps-showing-a-n9e5qwmu.png Fig. 7. Cryo-TEM micrographs of the concentrated PS, showing (a) the profusion of phage particles suspended in a layer of ice occupying several of the multitude of holes contained in the carbon grid used to prepare the sample just to show the representativeness of the analysis, (b) several phage particles attached to bacterial cell debris, (c) a detail of several phage particles attached to cell debris allowing to observe the tail fibers and the hexagonal capsids showing the presence (green arrow) and absence (white arrow) of dsDNA, (g) a single phage particle allowing to clearly observe the morphology of phage JG004 with its characteristic hexagonal capsid and tail fibers (yellow arrow); NS-TEM micrographs of (d) a phage particle, (e) and (f)ME1000, and (h) and (i) phage particles allowing to clearly observe the helical structure of its contractile sheath (pink arrows). Photomicrographs (j) and (k) were produced without any treatment of ME1000. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-relative-stress-indexes-of-cell-lines-v79-3t3-and-2j601rkw.png Fig. 10. Relative stress indexes of cell lines V79, 3T3 and A549 following oxidative stress induced by treatment with the ISs prepared with ME1000 at 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% (v/v), with concentrations set at 30% of the initial values. Means of five experiments (n= 5; TwoWay ANOVA at 5% significance), with results statistically different from those of the control marked with '*', with associated σ: V79 (control, 1.000 ± 0.600; IS@0.3%, 15.147 ± 1.000; IS@0.6%, 9.912 ± 0.300; IS@0.9%, 7.492 ± 2.000), A549 (control, 1.000 ± 0.700; IS@ 0.3%, 9.768 ± 0.190; IS@0.6%, 9.168 ± 0.090; IS@ 0.9%, 10.035 ± 0.160), 3T3 (control, 1.000 ± 0.900; IS@0.3%, 7.340 ± 0.160; IS@0.6%, 6.920 ± 0.300; IS@0.9%, 8.765 ± 1.540). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ftir-spectra-of-samples-of-a-lecithin-b-poloxamer-188-2xt7i0o4.png Fig. 3. FTIR spectra of samples of (a) lecithin, (b) poloxamer 188, (c) Softisan100™, (d) MEPLC, (e) ME10, (f) ME1000, and (g) concentrated bacteriophage suspension. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-antimicrobial-activity-of-me1000-a-and-b-and-me10-c-3golzd1g.png Fig. 6. Antimicrobial activity of ME1000 (a and b) and ME10 (c and d). Upper left quadrant: 20 μL ME applied on sterile filter paper disk (a and c) or a 20 μL-droplet of ME (b and d) applied directly on the surface of LB top agar prepared with 100 μL bacterial suspension of P. aeruginosa; Upper right quadrant: 20 μL MEPLC applied on sterile filter paper disk (a and c) or a 20 μL-droplet of MEPLC (b and d); Lower left quadrant: 10 μL concentrated bacteriophage suspension applied on sterile filter paper disk (a and c) or a 10 μL-droplet of concentrated bacteriophage suspension (b and d); Lower right quadrant: 10 μL sterile phage dilution medium applied on sterile filter paper disk (a and c) or a 10 μL-droplet of sterile phage dilution medium (b and d); (e) upper left quadrant: 20 μL supernatant of ME1000 after extraction with chloroform and centrifugation; upper right quadrant: 20 μL ME1000; lower left quadrant: 20 μL of supernatant of MEPLC after extraction with chloroform and centrifugation; lower right quadrant: 10 μL of concentrated bacteriophage suspension. Figures f-k display results from antimicrobial activity assays of ISs prepared with ME1000, using the antimicrobial test of incorporation. Results from antibacterial activity of 500 μL (f) and 1000 μL (g) IS prepared with 0.3% (v/v) ME1000 upon a bacterial lawn of P. aeruginosa, of 500 μL (h) and 1000 μL (i) IS prepared with 0.6% (v/v) ME1000, and of 500 μL (j) and 1000 μL (k) IS prepared with 0.9% (v/v) ME1000. Inserted arrows pinpoint the lysis halos produced by encapsulated (i) or free (ii) phage particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relative-indexes-of-cell-necrosis-and-apoptosis-in-a-29l4bmuv.png Fig. 9. Relative indexes of cell necrosis and apoptosis in (a) cell lines A549 and V79 following treatment with the placebo of PS, the concentrated PS, MEPLC, ME10 and ME1000, with concentrations set at 10% of the initial values, and in (b) cell lines V79, 3T3 and A549, following treatment with the ISs prepared with ME1000, with concentrations set at 30% of the initial values (means (n = 5), with σ < 0.1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-microbiological-data-gathered-from-the-pfu-3pj3zrl5.png Table 1 Microbiological data gathered from the PFU determination assays, allowing determination of the phage titer of concentrated bacteriophage suspension. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-the-w-o-w-multiple-emulsions-me-bjx5r2ui.png Table 2 Composition of the W/O/W multiple emulsions (ME) housing bacteriophage particles (%, w/w). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-results-from-cellular-viability-mtt-assays-a-using-1j51dmt8.png Fig. 8. Results from cellular viability (MTT assays) (a) using cell lines A549 and V79 cultured in DMEM medium to evaluate the cytotoxicity of placebo of PS, concentrated PS, MEPLC, ME10 and ME1000, during a 24 h treatment period at different concentrations, and (b) using cell lines V79, 3T3 and A549 cultured in DMEM medium to evaluate the cytotoxicity of ISs prepared with ME1000, during a 24 h treatment period at different concentrations (means (n = 5), with σ < 0.1). https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-electronic-properties-of-small-neutral-mgo-n-1907f9d41w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-binding-energy-per-molecule-as-a-function-of-the-clus-w9y2k156.png FIG. 3. Binding energy per molecule as a function of the clus size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-averaged-nearest-neighbor-mg-o-distance-for-the-c-bvjyxj5u.png FIG. 2. Averaged nearest-neighbor Mg-O distance for the C ground-state structures of Fig 2. The two lines join cubic and h agonal clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-isomer-geometries-for-mgo-n-clusters-the-most-stable-lyop05rp.png FIG. 1. Isomer geometries for (MgO)n clusters. The most stable CHF structure~first isomer! is shown on the left-hand side. Total energ differences~in eV! with respect to the most stable structure are given for each isomer~first row, CHF; second row, HF!. Mg21, small spheres; O22, large spheres. Forn5325, two different views of some isomers are provided. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-orbital-energies-with-opposite-sign-of-the-2p-levels-1km7y9d2.png FIG. 4. Orbital energies~with opposite sign! of the 2p levels of O22 anions as a function of the cluster size for the ground-s structures of (MgO)n clusters. The dashed line joins the vertic cluster ionization potentials.~a! HF results and~b! CHF results. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-magnetic-properties-of-rsr2fe3o9-r-la-y-pr-mtswmw3zqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-temperature-dependence-of-the-susceptibility-for-3bv1s902.png FIG. 2. Temperature dependence of the susceptibility for PrSr2Fe3O9 measured at 20 Oe, and the ZFC branch in inset. Note that the ZFC and FC branches merge at 260 K. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-and-optical-proprieties-of-m-8-hq-2-h2o-2-m-ni-ii-39ib337pn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-infrared-spectra-of-ni-8-hq-2-h2o-2-and-co-8-hq-2-3d3iyhav.png Figure 6. Infrared spectra of [Ni(8-HQ)2(H2O)2] and [Co(8-HQ)2(H2O)2] thin film obtained at optimal conditions (stoichiometric ratio ¼ 1:2, pH 5, immersion time ¼ 30min at 25 C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-scaning-electron-microscope-sem-of-a-ni-8-hq-2-h2o-hl2o4t2n.png Figure 7. Scaning electron microscope (SEM) of A: [Ni(8-HQ)2(H2O)2], B: [Co(8-HQ)2(H2O)2)] and optical microscope (OM) image of C: [Ni(8-HQ)2(H2O)2], D: [Co(8HQ)2(H2O)2] complexes thin film obtained at optimal conditions (stoichiometric ratio ¼ 1:2, pH 5, immersion time ¼ 30min at 25 C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-ni-8-hq-2-h2o-2-and-3t2jn8od.png Figure 8. X-ray diffraction patterns of [Ni(8-HQ)2(H2O)2] and [Co(8-HQ)2(H2O)2)] deposed using CBD method at obtained at optimal conditions (stoichiometric ratio ¼ 1:2, pH 5, immersion time ¼ 30min at 25 C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-molecular-structure-of-m-8-hq-2-h2o-2-complexes-1ynjchd3.png Figure 10. Molecular structure of [M (8-HQ)2(H2O)2] complexes where M¼Ni or Co. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-result-of-the-riveted-refinement-for-the-compound-m-2dm5f4k8.png Figure 9. Result of the Riveted refinement for the compound [M(8-HQ)2(H2O)2]. Experimental diagram (black crosses), calculated diagram (red continuous line), positions of Bragg peaks (blue vertical lines) and difference between calculated and experimental diagrams (green continuous line). Quality factor obtained: R¼ 0.062, wR ¼ 0.090, Rp ¼ 8.2 and wRp ¼ 0.116. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-depiction-of-m-8-hq-2-h2o-2-using-the-3ezuvk11.png Figure 1. Schematic depiction of [M(8-HQ)2(H2O)2] using the chemical bath deposition method where M¼Ni or Co. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absorption-spectra-of-a-ni-8-hq-2-h2o-2-b-co-8-hq-2-193wzfg9.png Figure 2. Absorption spectra of A: [Ni(8-HQ)2(H2O)2], B: [Co(8-HQ)2(H2O)2], and the variation of thin films thickness of [M(8-HQ)2(H2O)2] at different molar stoichiometry (pH ¼ 7, immersion time ¼ 15min, T¼ 25 C). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-plot-of-absorption-coefficient-a-and-ahu-2-versus-2mt0yamf.png Figure 11. Plot of absorption coefficient (a) and (ahυ )2 versus photon energy of A: [Ni(8-HQ)2(H2O)2], B: [Co(8-HQ)2(H2O)2] thin films deposed on glass substrate using CBD method. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-fire-design-of-shs-rhs-and-chs-high-strength-168mt3f7qm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-representation-of-the-reliability-3bh5uj8o.png Figure 7: Schematic representation of the reliability criteria set out by Kruppa [33]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-ambient-tests-on-shs-columns-made-from-20yy3rlk.png Table 1: Details of ambient tests on SHS columns made from S460 and S690 high strength steel [26] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-details-of-ambient-tests-on-chs-columns-made-from-2l8k37ko.png Table 2: Details of ambient tests on CHS columns made from T590 high strength steel [27] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-experimental-and-numerical-load-3exm058u.png Figure 4: Comparison of the experimental and numerical load-deflection response for (a) stub column S03 with a 120×60×3.6 RHS cross-section and (b) slender column L6 with a 160×160×5 SHS cross-section [13] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-retention-factors-for-the-yield-strength-for-1hjzab3f.png Figure 1: Retention factors for the yield strength for different grades of HSS compared with Eurocode values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-images-of-the-failure-modes-from-the-test-specimens-1y1pt370.png Figure 5: Images of the failure modes from the test specimens [29] and FE simulations for (a) column L6 with a 160×160×5 SHS cross-section and (b) column L10 wth a 120×60×3.6 RHS cross-section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-experimental-and-numerical-load-177y7iob.png Figure 2: Comparison of the experimental and numerical load-deflection responses for (a) SHS specimen C4L6 [26] and (b) CHS column AS1 [27] https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-the-s700mc-material-properties-5-3ael5eno.png Table 6: Summary of the S700MC material properties [5]. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-basis-of-transcription-an-rna-polymerase-ii-4gkjlx0t3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nucleic-acids-in-the-transcribing-complex-and-their-35nnocc4.png Fig. 1. Nucleic acids in the transcribing complex and their interactions with pol II. (A) DNA (“tailed template”) and RNA sequences. DNA template and nontemplate strands are in blue and green, respectively, and RNA is in red. This color scheme is used throughout. (B) Ordering of nucleic acids in the transcribing complex structure. Nucleotides in the solid box are well ordered. Nucleotides in the dashed box are partially ordered, whereas those outside the boxes are disordered. Three protein regions that abut the downstream DNA are indicated. (C) Protein contacts to the ordered nucleotides boxed in (B). Amino acid residues within 4 Å of the DNA are indicated, colored according to the scheme for https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-crystal-structure-of-the-pol-ii-transcribing-complex-a-2a3bsk5i.png Fig. 2. Crystal structure of the pol II transcribing complex. (A) Electron density for the nucleic acids. On the left, the final sigmaweighted 2mFobs 2 DFcalc electron density for the downstream DNA duplex (dashed box in Fig. 1B) is contoured at 0.8s (green). At this contour level, the surrounding solvent region shows only scattered noise peaks. A canonical 16 – base pair B-DNA duplex was placed into the density. On the right, the final model of the DNA-RNA hybrid and flanking nucleotides (boxed in Fig. 1B) is superimposed on a simulated-annealing Fobs 2 Fcalc omit map, calculated from the protein model alone with CNS (45) (green, contoured at 2.6s). The location of the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maintenance-of-the-transcription-bubble-a-schematic-15piot17.png Fig. 4. Maintenance of the transcription bubble. (A) Schematic representation of nucleic acids in the transcribing complex. Solid ribbons represent nucleic acid backbones from the crystal structure. Dashed lines indicate possible paths of nucleic acids not present in the structure. (B) Protein elements proposed to be involved in maintaining the transcription bubble. Protein elements from Rpb1 and Rpb2 are shown in silver and gold, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dna-rna-hybrid-conformation-the-view-is-similar-to-17xo5f8q.png Fig. 5. DNA-RNA hybrid conformation. The view is similar to that in Fig. 2C. The conformation of the DNA-RNA hybrid is intermediary between canonical A- and B-DNA. DNA, blue; RNA, red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-switches-clamp-loops-and-the-hybrid-binding-site-a-3eskqeab.png Fig. 3. Switches, clamp loops, and the hybrid-binding site. (A) Stereoview of the clamp core (1, yellow) and the DNA and RNA backbones. The view is as in Fig. 2C. The five switches are shown in pink and are numbered. Three loops, which extend from the clamp and may be involved in transactions at the upstream end of the transcription bubble, are in violet. Major portions of the protein are omitted for clarity. (B) Stereoview of nucleic acids bound in the active center. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-basis-of-tfiih-activation-for-nucleotide-excision-3cy2ormzbe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-structure-of-human-core-transcription-factor-iih-tfiih-1ijwfd71.png Fig. 2 Structure of human core transcription factor IIH (TFIIH)-XPA-DNA complex. a Domain organization of XPA and human TFIIH subunits. Residues at domain borders are indicated. Solid and dashed black lines mark residues modeled as atomic and backbone structures, respectively. DRD damage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xpd-activation-and-dna-binding-a-two-views-of-xpd-znb6bbij.png Fig. 4 XPD activation and DNA binding. a Two views of XPD bound to DNA. XPD domains ATPase lobe 1, FeS, Arch, and lobe 2 are in green, yellow, orange, and medium purple, respectively. DNA is dark blue. A black circle depicts the DNA pore. b Schematic representation of XPD–DNA interactions. c Side view of XPD bound to the kinase module (PDB code 5OF4)6. The plug in the Arch domain is in dark red, the kinase module subunit MAT1 in blue. d Effect of kinase module variants on XPD helicase activity. Core transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) was incubated with two-fold excess of the kinase module and helicase activity was monitored as in Fig. 1a. Bars show the percentage of unwound product after 300 s (n= 2, error bars indicate the range of https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xpa-dna-interactions-a-dna-duplex-tunnel-formed-by-xpa-3i751dqr.png Fig. 3 XPA–DNA interactions. a DNA duplex tunnel formed by XPA and XPB. Blue, white, and red color indicates positive, neutral, and negative electrostatic surface potential, respectively. Created with UCSF Chimera. b Two positions of DNA in the tunnel. Tightly bound DNA is in blue, dissociated DNA in yellow, ATPase lobe 1 of XPB in pink, ATPase lobe 2 in hot pink, and XPA in purple. c Electrostatic interactions between XPA and the DNA junction. DNA nucleotides are indicated as circles. Patches of positively charged residues in proximity to the DNA backbone are indicated. Residues that are mutated in Xeroderma pigmentosum are highlighted in yellow16. Mutation of encircled residues decreases DNA affinity61 https://scispace.com/papers/structural-optimization-and-evaluation-of-butenolides-as-1vf57n88fh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yields-for-the-synthesis-of-compounds-3a-f-4a-f-and-icsofpdp.png Table 2. Yields for the synthesis of compounds 3a-f, 4a-f and 5a-f. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-physico-chemical-profilinga-and-biological-activity-1s5w5w0v.png Table 3. Physico-chemical profilinga and biological activity of the synthesis of butenolides. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yields-for-the-synthesis-of-compounds-3a-10a-and-3b-57j8vgn6.png Table 1. Yields for the synthesis of compounds 3a-10a and 3b-10b. https://scispace.com/papers/structural-transformation-and-the-rise-of-information-f3on67w0zp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-comparing-cps-earnings-premia-with-k-medians-and-k-vocpj5t5.png Figure 22: Comparing CPS Earnings Premia with K-medians and K-means https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-skills-across-technology-3n7oio0t.png Figure 4: Distribution of Skills Across Technology & Information Services Jobs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-counterfactual-changes-to-assess-the-gross-it-price-2wi41sz1.png Table 4: Counterfactual Changes to Assess the Gross IT Price Premia https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-counterfactual-changes-in-the-information-technology-870srd1q.png Table 5: Counterfactual Changes in the Information Technology Employment Share Notes.–Using estimates of our comparative advantage model, we simulate two counterfactuals. The first computes the counterfactual changes in aggregate hours that would be consistent with no change in the relative price of IT to non-IT jobs. The second computes the counterfactual changes when holding the composition of worker quality in 2013 fixed according to 1980. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-return-to-it-and-college-c-nr-skills-2005-2015-2dfbzf4g.png Figure 8: Return to IT and College / C/NR Skills, 2005-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-employment-shares-in-information-technology-jobs-1l7uj6x1.png Figure 26: Employment Shares in Information Technology Jobs, by College Attainment Notes.–Sources: Census Bureau, 1980-2015. The figure plots the share of full-time workers across the permutations of IT versus non-IT-intensive jobs and college and non-college degree workers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-earnings-and-employment-premia-by-industry-and-1k1z67zd.png Figure 17: Earnings and Employment Premia, by Industry and Year Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-23-earnings-and-employment-in-information-technology-36vavebe.png Figure 23: Earnings and Employment in Information Technology Jobs, National https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-electrical-properties-of-single-phase-cobalt-3g4k2kyoae 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-lattice-parameters-versus-cobalt-content-for-single-34nej2kj.png Fig. 5. Lattice parameters versus cobalt content for single phase ceramics (0.98pxp3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-structural-evolution-of-mn3-xcoxo4-ceramics-as-a-317gtmt2.png Table 3 Structural evolution of Mn3 xCoxO4 ceramics as a function of the temperature, the dwell time and the cooling rate for 0.98pxCop1.54 (T: tetragonal spinel phase; C: cubic spinel phase). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-log-r-versus-cobalt-content-0-98pxp3-2qlwa7jw.png Fig. 6. Log r versus cobalt content (0.98pxp3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ln-r-versus-the-reciprocal-of-the-temperature-between-1hqrz88t.png Fig. 7. Ln r versus the reciprocal of the temperature between 25 and 150 1C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-composition-of-the-synthesized-cobalt-manganese-2lsv2lan.png Table 2 Composition of the synthesized cobalt manganese oxalates Mn1 aCoaC2O4 nH2O and the corresponding oxides Mn3 xCoxO4 (x ¼ 3a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-the-oxide-powders-mn3-3uhgz0tz.png Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction pattern of the oxide powders Mn3 xCoxO4 with x ¼ 0.98; 1.27; 1.54 (T: tetragonal spinel phase; C: cubic spinel phase). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tga-curves-recorded-on-oxide-powders-with-mn3-xcoxo4-yjol4qyg.png Fig. 2. TGA curves recorded on oxide powders with Mn3 xCoxO4 with x ¼ 1.54; 1.99; 3. For the sake of clarity, only three compositions are presented: (a) heating from 25 to 1300 1C and (b) cooling from 1300 to 25 1C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-x-ray-diffraction-pattern-of-the-oxide-powder-mn2-3gjrwj8c.png Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction pattern of the oxide powder Mn2.02Co0.98O4 (T: tetragonal spinel phase; C: cubic spinel phase). https://scispace.com/papers/structure-based-engineering-of-steroidogenic-cyp260a1-for-22pmynpuf9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hplc-chromatogram-of-the-in-vitro-conversion-of-1tlgz2k5.png Figure 1. HPLC chromatogram of the in vitro conversion of progesterone catalyzed by ΔCYP260A1 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. The major products (P3 and P5), minor products (P1, P2, P4, P6, and P7), and substrate peak for progesterone (PROG) are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-molecular-models-showing-two-predicted-progesterone-1v6spp6t.png Figure 2. Molecular models showing two predicted progesterone binding modes in the active site of CYP260A1, as obtained by docking. The binding poses with similar binding free energies place the progesterone (green sticks model) molecule parallel to the heme but differ by a rotation of ∼180°, inverting the positions of the C3 and C17 substituents. (a) Docking pose I. (b) Docking pose II. The heme is shown as a red stick model. Residue numbering in bold corresponds to the long form of CYP260A1 and in brackets, to ΔCYP260A1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quality-of-the-electron-density-maps-presented-by-1r8djb1l.png Figure 6. Quality of the electron density maps presented by substratebound complexes of the S276N/S276I variants of ΔCYP260A1. (a) Progesterone (PROG, blue sticks) bound above the heme in the S276N-PROG structure. (b) Progesterone bound in the S276I-PROG structure. Black mesh is the composite omit 2Fo − Fc electron density map calculated at 1.75 and 1.9 Å for S276N-PROG and S276I-PROG, respectively, and contoured at 1.5 σ. The hydroxylation sites (C1 or C17) are shown as balls in magenta. The heme is shown as a red stick model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-progesterone-binding-interactions-in-the-s276n-2kedg7lg.png Figure 7. Progesterone binding interactions in the S276N/S276I variants of ΔCYP260A1. (a) Progesterone binding interactions in the S276N-PROG structure. (b) Progesterone recognition in the S276IPROG structure. Superposition of the PROG binding modes versus the I helix is shown, as found in the two unique protein molecules in the asymmetric unit. Leu159 (F-helix) and Val382 (SRS6) are not shown for image clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-determination-of-steady-state-kinetic-parameters-of-39pwrcf6.png Figure 4. Determination of steady-state kinetic parameters of progesterone conversion catalyzed by ΔCYP260A1 and its S276N and S276I mutants. Vmax and Km values were determined by hyperbolic fitting (SigmaPlot software) done for the plotted velocities of product formation versus increasing substrate concentration, for the ΔCYP260A1 (black circles), S276N (green triangles), and S276I (blue squares). The error bars in the figures represent the standard deviation of three independent measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-superposition-of-the-substrate-free-cyp260a1-168cwuf6.png Figure 5. Superposition of the substrate-free CYP260A1 structure in its closed conformation (5LIV, chain C, light blue) with the S276IPROG structure of ΔCYP260A1 (chain A, beige). The active site entrance is closed from the top by the FG helices and in the front by residues in BC loop. PROG is shown in blue sticks as bound in the S276I-PROG structure. The heme is shown as a red stick model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-products-formed-in-in-vitro-progesterone-conversion-3pkjz5p1.png Figure 3. Products formed in in vitro progesterone conversion experiments with ΔCYP260A1 or its five variants (S276N, S276I, S276C, S276L, and S276V). The products P1 (pink bar), P2 (gray bar), P3 (red bar), P4 (yellow bar), P5 (blue bar), P6 (cyan bar), and P7 (orange bar) are shown. The absence of any of the abovementioned bars (P1−P7) represents the lack of relevant product formation with the corresponding mutant. The bar diagram was plotted neglecting the minor side products (<1%). https://scispace.com/papers/structure-and-stability-of-one-dimensional-detonations-in-565ciikz3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-short-chemical-kinetic-mechanism-for-c2h4-ignition-2egz8qiy.png Table 1: Short Chemical-Kinetic Mechanism for C2H4 Ignition and Detonation (Liet al. 16). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-oscillation-frequency-and-amplitude-for-various-grid-3njos4ot.png Table 2: Oscillation frequency and amplitude for various grid spacings (f= 1.15) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-detonationspeedas-a-function-of-time-c2h4-air-p0-0-2-13vukuzy.png Fig. 4. Detonationspeedas a function of time; C2H4-Air; p0 = 0.2 bar;rp = pdriv/p0 = 150; ∆xmin= 4.883×10-4 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-normalizedshock-pressureas-a-function-of-time-c2h4-air-1js4td0k.png Fig. 5. Normalizedshock pressureas a function of time; C2H4-Air; p0 = 0.2 bar;rp = 150;∆xmin = 4.883×10-4 cm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-short-period-frequency-of-oscillation-comparison-p6qpll01.png Fig. 11. Short-period frequency of oscillation; comparison between computed frequencies (present study) and those obtained from the original and modified McVey-Toong theories. C2H4-Air; p0 = 0.4 bar,rp = 150. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-short-period-frequency-of-oscillation-comparison-3b7xsfa0.png Fig. 10. Short-period frequency of oscillation; comparison between computed frequencies (present study) and those obtained from the original and modified McVey-Toong theories. C2H4-Air; p0 = 0.2 bar,rp = 150. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-oscillation-frequency-and-amplitude-for-various-6z2brezb.png Table 5: Oscillation frequency and amplitude for various driver pressure ratios (p0 = 0.2 bar;φ = 1) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-detonationspeedas-a-function-of-time-c2h4-air-p0-0-4-2evbw0yi.png Fig. 8. Detonationspeedas a function of time; C2H4-Air; p0 = 0.4 bar;rp = pdriv/p0 = 150; ∆xmin= 4.883×10-4 cm. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-dynamics-and-deuterium-fractionation-of-massive-4r6gjrwtum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-projections-from-our-fiducial-turbulent-magnetized-3bxbxv83.png Figure 4. Projections from our fiducial turbulent, magnetized core model (run S3M2). Time proceeds from left to right in units of the initial mean free-fall time tff . From top to bottom, the rows are: the mass surface density Σ; the mean velocity along the line of sight weighted by N2D +; the column density of N2H +; the column density of N2D +; and the deuterium fraction + https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-ratio-of-chemical-column-densities-dfrac-n-h2-at-2ahl11so.png Figure 11. Ratio of chemical column densities ( + Dfrac N H2 ) at the end of the simulation ( =t t0.8 ff ) from our fiducial model (run S3M2) for different initial chemical ages and ortho-to-para ratios of H2. From left to right, the columns are at tchem=0, 1, 3, and 10 t ;ff from top to bottom, the rows are OPR0 H2=1.00, 0.10, and 0.01. As either tchem or OPR0 H2 is increased, the resulting mean deuterium fraction in the core increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-same-simulation-as-figure-15-run-s3m1-but-now-the-1xqaz8on.png Figure 16. Same simulation as Figure 15 (run S3M1) but now the projections are taken along the z-axis, parallel to the initial magnetic field direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-figure-4-but-now-the-projection-is-taken-214dn1c9.png Figure 5. Same as Figure 4, but now the projection is taken along the z-axis, parallel to the initial field direction. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-time-evolution-of-the-mean-solid-lines-and-maximum-2vn885lj.png Figure 8. Time evolution of the mean (solid lines) and maximum (dashed lines) values of mass surface density Σ, N2H + column density, N2D + column density, and deuterium fraction + https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-radial-averages-of-dfrac-n-h2-in-our-fiducial-nn4s027x.png Figure 10. Radial averages of + Dfrac N H2 in our fiducial simulation (run S3M2) for =t 0chem and OPR0 H2=0.1. Results are shown for different times (blue: 0.2 t ;ff red: 0.4t ;ff yellow: 0.6t ;ff green: 0.8tff ) and projection directions (solid: x-axis; dashed: y-axis; dashed–dotted: z-axis). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-probability-distribution-functions-in-our-fiducial-2n2rp1r2.png Figure 9. Probability distribution functions in our fiducial simulation (run S3M2) at multiple times. From top to bottom, the panels show the mass surface density Σ, the N2H + column density, the N2D + column density, and the deuterium fraction + https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-summary-of-mean-chemical-column-densities-in-the-zvpuf6yf.png Figure 14. Summary of mean chemical column densities in the core for all runs at the end of the simulation, for varying initial chemical age (indicated by color) and ortho-to-para ratio of H2 (indicated by symbol). Reference lines for + Dfrac N H2 are indicated with dashed lines. The N2H + column density is largely constant across the parameter space of each run because (1) N2H + is largely unaffected by changes in OPRH2, and (2) equilibrium is reached for all values of tchem. Values of + https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-steps-on-as-passivated-si-111-ab-initio-1h0ft039rz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-simulated-stm-images-with-positive-bias-3hja86kv.png FIG. 7. Color online Simulated STM images with positive bias. Shown are the side views upper panels and top views lower panels of equal-intensity planes of the energy-integrated LDOS EF EF+1.0 eV for As-terminated steps with 112̄ left panels and 1̄1̄2 right panels orientation, respectively. The corrugation in the STM images does not allow a determination of the atomic structure of the steps. Note the larger distance of the equalintensity LDOS plane above the As upper terrace atoms next to the step edge in the side views, which resembles the higher brightness in the experimental STM images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stm-image-of-islands-on-an-as-covered-si-111-surface-gtogs9qt.png FIG. 1. STM image of islands on an As-covered Si 111 surface, showing triangular and irregular hexagonal islands terminated by steps with 112̄ and/or 1̄1̄2 orientation. Image width: 1500 Å, sample bias voltage: +2 V. The two long steps terminating the terrace have 1̄1̄2 orientation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-positive-bias-stm-image-of-a-triangular-si-island-on-2i75mmwt.png FIG. 2. Positive-bias STM image of a triangular Si island on As-covered Si 111 . The edges are oriented in the 112̄ direction. Image width: 50 Å, sample bias: +1.9 V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-local-density-of-states-of-three-as-atoms-jigwp5i8.png FIG. 8. Color online Local density of states of three As atoms for the 1̄1̄2 step: on the upper terrace at the step edge solid , at step edge, second layer dashed , and in the middle of the terrace dotted . The LDOS of the step edge atoms is significantly enhanced in the lower part of the conduction band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-simulated-stm-images-with-negative-bias-2bcmdnq3.png FIG. 9. Color online Simulated STM images with negative bias. Shown are the side views upper panels and top views lower panels of equal-intensity planes of the energy-integrated LDOS EF−1.5 eV EF for As-terminated steps with 112̄ left panels and 1̄1̄2 right panels orientation. In the top-view STM images, the characteristic differences in the positions of the extra As edge atoms in the second layer is clearly visible: nearly ideal bulk termination for the 112̄ step and As-dimer formation for 1̄1̄2 . In the side views, which correspond to experimental line scans, the 112̄ step shows a more pronounced double hump from the upper to the lower terrace than the 1̄1̄2 step. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-geometrical-parameters-of-unit-cells-1nzdu2u7.png TABLE I. Geometrical parameters of unit cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-top-view-left-and-side-view-right-of-2pjl4h72.png FIG. 3. Color online Top view left and side view right of three different configurations of 112̄ steps on Si 111 :As. Si atoms are light, As atoms dark. a Exposed Si at step edge, b attached overhanging As atom, and c exposed Si replaced by As. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-wulff-plot-for-the-case-when-only-two-step-18qmyxlw.png FIG. 10. Wulff plot for the case when only two step orientations are important. The left panel shows a triangular island for the case E 1̄1̄2 2E 112̄ , as is expected from the calculated step energies when using As4 molecules as reference energy for As atoms. The right panel shows the irregular hexagon shape expected from the calculated step energies using bulk As as reference energy for As atoms see Table II . https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-agcm-simulated-convectively-coupled-kelvin-20vysy8avl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-standard-deviation-of-kelvin-filtered-precipitation-mm-2ccvzev5.png FIG. 2. Standard deviation of Kelvin-filtered precipitation (mm day21) for the SAS simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-vertical-profiles-of-the-divergence-averaged-over-a-b-3ean8uy0.png FIG. 7. Vertical profiles of the divergence averaged over (a),(b) the western Pacific (averaging region as in Fig. 6) and (c),(d) the Indian Ocean (between 58N and 58S latitude and 658 and 938E longitude). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-a-b-pressure-velocity-pa-s21-c-d-specific-humidity-g-3ega9r2g.png FIG. 13. (a),(b) Pressure velocity (Pa s21), (c),(d) specific humidity (g Kg21), and (e),(f) temperature (K) anomaly Kelvin wave composites for the (left) KUO1 and (right) KUO3 simulations around the base point of 788E and the equator in the Indian Ocean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-mean-precipitation-mm-day21-for-the-sas-k5yeibtk.png FIG. 3. Time-mean precipitation (mm day21) for the SAS simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-vertical-profiles-of-mse-for-simulations-and-era-2hkxq8uf.png FIG. 6. Vertical profiles of MSE for simulations and ERA-Interim averaged over the western Pacific (between 108N and 108S latitude and 1498E and 1728W longitude). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-a-b-pressure-velocity-pa-s21-c-d-specific-humidity-g-2h2mivhj.png FIG. 11. (a),(b) Pressure velocity (Pa s21), (c),(d) specific humidity (g Kg21), and (e),(f) temperature (K) anomaly Kelvin wave composites for the (left) SAS0 and (right) SAS3 simulations around the base point of 788E and the equator in the Indian Ocean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-pressure-velocity-anomaly-pa-s21-kelvin-wave-1q1iyzoh.png FIG. 12. Pressure velocity anomaly (Pa s21) Kelvin wave composite for the (a) NOCO and (b)–(d) KUO simulations around the base point of 1608E and the equator in the western Pacific. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-pressure-velocity-anomaly-pa-s21-kelvin-wave-mhde5bwp.png FIG. 10. Pressure velocity anomaly (Pa s21) Kelvin wave composite for the SAS simulations around the base point of 1608E and the equator in the western Pacific. https://scispace.com/papers/structure-of-tetraalkylammonium-ionic-liquids-in-the-3dr6wizuj3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-and-c-number-density-profiles-of-the-nitrogen-2no2x6ra.png Figure 4. (A) and (C) Number density profiles of the nitrogen atom of cation head groups (black) and all atoms of NTf2 anions (red) with densities of 0.84 (A) and 1.68 (C) C1C1C1NC4-NTf2 ion pairs nm−2. Reported results are averaged over the two interlayer spaces. (B) and (D) Number density profiles of the butyl chain with densities of 0.84 (A) and 1.68 (C) C1C1C1NC4-NTf2 ion pairs nm−2. Full line and full line plus squares in (B) and (D) stand for butyl chains bonded to the nitrogen atom of head groups close to the left and right surface of MMT, respectively. (D) Full line plus circles stands for butyl chains bonded to the nitrogen atom of head groups in the middle of the interlayer space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-snapshots-of-simulation-cells-showing-the-layering-1a7uvs3t.png Figure 5. Snapshots of simulation cells, showing the layering of ions in the confined space of modified MMT with densities of 0.84 (A) and 1.68 (B) C1C1C1NC4-NTf2 ion pairs nm−2. Blue, green, and yellow spheres are the nitrogen atom of cations, CH2/CH3 groups, and sulfur atoms of anions, respectively. The z axis corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the basal surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-number-density-profiles-of-the-nitrogen-atom-of-1wbefkmx.png Figure 6. (A) Number density profiles of the nitrogen atom of cation head groups and all atoms of NTf2 anions (A) in MMT with 0.84 C1C1C1NC10-NTf2 ion pairs nm−2. The reported results are averaged over the two interlayer spaces. (B) and (C) Number density profiles of the decyl middle chain (the five carbon atoms closest to the nitrogen atom) and the decyl end chain (the five carbon atoms furthest from the nitrogen atom). Full line and full line plus squares in (B) and (C) stand for atoms of the decyl chain bonded to nitrogen atoms of head groups close to the left and right surfaces of MMT, respectively. Full line plus circles stands for atoms of the decyl chain bonded to the nitrogen atom of head groups in the middle of the interlayer space. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-snapshot-of-a-typical-simulation-box-with-50-ion-31m4ppab.png Figure 1. Snapshot of a typical simulation box with 50 ion pairs of C1C1C1NC4-NTf2 (yellow: Si inside the clay layer or S inside the interlayer, turquoise: Al, red: O, white: H, blue: N, violet: F, green: C). The z axis corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the basal surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-total-a-from-equation-2-b-from-equation-3-coulomb-c-2zxng1m6.png Figure 8. Total ((A)—from equation (2), (B)—from equation (3)), Coulomb ((C)—from equation (3)), and Lennard-Jones ((D)—from equation (3)) energies. The dashed lines are the total energy of neat ionic liquids, which is normalized by the internal surfaces of MMT to allow graphical comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-snapshots-of-simulation-cells-showing-the-layering-6zjyhqec.png Figure 7. Snapshots of simulation cells, showing the layering of ions in the confined space of modified MMT with 0.84 (A) and 1.68 (B) C1C1C1NC10-NTf2 ion pairs nm−2. Blue, green, and yellow spheres are the nitrogen atom of cations, CH2/CH3 groups, and sulfur atoms of anions, respectively. The z axis corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the basal surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-basal-plane-spacing-of-mmt-calculated-by-the-al-al-27dd8kgb.png Figure 2. Basal plane spacing of MMT calculated by the Al–Al distance in the simulations of C1C1C1NC4-NTf2 and C1C1C1NC10-NTf2 ionic liquids at 300 K and 1 atm. In order to obtain the density of ion pairs, we divided the number of ion-pairs by the total basal surface, A. A= [4× (number of surfaces in contact with the ions)× 3.588 nm× 4.144 nm]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-density-profiles-of-cations-black-and-anions-2zpkjqsh.png Figure 3. Number density profiles of cations (black) and anions (red) calculated for modified MMT with densities of 0.0336 ((A) and (C)) and 0.336 ((B) and (D)) ion pairs nm−2. The gray bars indicate the location of the inner surfaces of MMT oxygen atoms. For clarity, the number densities of nitrogen anions are multiplied by 10 in (A), by 5 in (B), by 40 in (C), and by 10 in (D). https://scispace.com/papers/structured-adaptive-attitude-control-applied-on-a-myriade-4gqstv9d5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-reaction-wheels-response-for-different-values-of-2b2zoszw.png Figure 6. Reaction wheels response for different values of the inertia https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-influence-of-measurement-noise-on-computed-torque-2hr7a3jp.png Figure 8. Influence of measurement noise on computed torque - adaptive and switch-based law - Z axis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reaction-wheel-model-3dy1d7mp.png Figure 2. Reaction wheel model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lmi-solving-results-3pf80733.png Table 2. LMI solving results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-influence-of-measurement-noise-on-the-adaptive-3c5rnyir.png Figure 7. Influence of measurement noise on the adaptive gains - Z axis https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lmi-solving-results-2coihk24.png Table 1. LMI solving results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tracking-of-attitude-references-y-and-z-axis-2d1xg660.png Figure 5. Tracking of attitude references - Y and Z axis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-myriade-aocs-loop-vrbpb8om.png Figure 1. Myriade AOCS loop https://scispace.com/papers/structured-biopolymer-based-delivery-systems-for-4tbyy6jb9q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-examples-of-some-different-kinds-of-internal-tj2oez31.png Fig. 3. Examples of some different kinds of internal structures that may be formed within biopolymer particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-various-types-of-molecular-complexes-2j67cqu2.png Fig. 2. Illustration of various types of molecular complexes that may be formed between lipophilic molecules and biopolymers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-schematic-representation-of-injection-method-used-to-26d88qmz.png Fig. 8. Schematic representation of injection method used to produce filled hydrogel beads. An O/W emulsion containing a biopolymer in the aqueous phase is injected into an aqueous solution containing a gelling agent or different environmental conditions. Droplets of the O/W emulsion are formed at the end of the inner cylinder, which are gelled by the gelling agent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-emulsion-templating-method-for-forming-biopolymer-m68krxmt.png Fig. 10. (a) Emulsion-templating method for forming biopolymer particles. A W/O emulsion is formed by homogenizing an oil phase (oilþ lipophilic surfactant) and an aqueous phase (waterþ biopolymer). The water phase is then gelled by changing environmental conditions (such as temperature) or adding a gelling agent. (b) Emulsion-templating method for forming filled biopolymer particles. An O/W/O emulsion is formed by homogenizing an O/W emulsion with a water phase (water - þ oil-soluble surfactant). The internal water phase is then gelled by changing environmental conditions (such as temperature) or adding a gelling agent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-schematic-diagram-of-microfluidic-method-for-forming-1quxkhx3.png Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of microfluidic method for forming filled biopolymer particles using a co-axial device. An O/W emulsion containing a biopolymer in the aqueous phase is passed through an inner cylinder, while another aqueous phase containing a gelling agent is passed through an outer cylinder. Droplets of the O/W emulsion are formed at the end of the inner cylinder, which are gelled by the gelling agent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-a-theoretical-prediction-of-the-influence-of-1o9wfdhp.png Fig. 14. (a) Theoretical prediction of the influence of biopolymer particle composition and size on the stability to gravitational separation. All biopolymer particles were considered to have 10% biopolymer, and 0e80% lipid. Assumed densities: biopolymer¼ 1500 kgm 3; water¼ 1000 kgm 3; oil¼ 900 kgm 3. (b) Theoretical prediction of the influence of biopolymer particle composition (lipid and biopolymer concentration) on the stability to gravitational separation. Assumed densities: biopolymer¼ 1500 kgm 3; water¼ 1000 kgm 3; oil¼ 900 kgm 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-theoretical-prediction-mie-theory-of-the-influence-of-3nnq410m.png Fig. 12. Theoretical prediction (Mie theory) of the influence of particle radius on the specific turbidity of biopolymer colloidal suspensions. The refractive index of the biopolymer particles was 1.5 and the surrounding liquid was 1.33. A wavelength of 500 nm was assumed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-some-common-mechanisms-for-loss-of-particle-integrity-2pjf4zq8.png Fig. 11. Some common mechanisms for loss of particle integrity: diffusion; swelling; erosion; and, fragmentation. https://scispace.com/papers/structured-illumination-microscopy-with-noise-controlled-2dgrv4zhyh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-noise-controlled-sim-reconstructions-a-state-of-the-21mkdcm2.png Figure 2 | Noise controlled SIM reconstructions. (a) State-of-the-art SIM with regularization ! = 5 × 10B (b) True-Wiener SIM, (c) flat-noise SIM, and (d) notch-filtered SIM reconstructions for the inset shown in Fig. 1e-h. The two-line sub-structure is a recognizable true feature, the pronounced small-scale twirls (‘hammer finish pattern’) is an artefact of reconstructed noise component. (e-h) Corresponding measured noise variance in 2D Fourier space over the 10 independent SIM reconstructions. State-of-the-art SIM has a noise ring at medium to high spatial frequencies, True-Wiener SIM has a noise ring at somewhat lower spatial frequencies, flat-noise SIM has a constant noise plateau, notch-filtered SIM has a constant, but elevated noise plateau. (i) Regularization parameter (averaged over rings in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trade-off-between-noise-and-contrast-in-sim-1vwprx1r.png Figure 3 | Trade-off between noise and contrast in SIM reconstructions. (a-d) Widefield and the three noise-controlled SIM reconstruction of a chirped nano-patterned structure. (e-h) Mean and standard deviation of the chirped line pattern over the boxed region in a for the four images. True-Wiener SIM has high contrast, at the expense of spatial frequency dependent noise enhancement. Flat-noise SIM shows two times less noise as quantified by the standard deviation of the line response, but with less contrast. Contrast is restored in notch-filtered SIM, but at the expense of a noise enhancement that is constant over all spatial frequencies. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-noise-controlled-3d-sim-reconstructions-cross-zeleur5x.png Figure 4 | Noise-controlled 3D SIM reconstructions. Cross-sections of 3D-reconstructions (ef and fg) for four different signal levels (camera exposure indicated) (a) widefield, (b-d) stateof-the-art SIM for low, medium and high regularization, (e) true-Wiener SIM, (f) flat-noise https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-resolution-improvement-and-noise-enhancement-in-3e7d5485.png Figure 5 | Resolution improvement and noise enhancement in deconvolution of GFP-zyxin dataset. (a) RL-deconvolution of widefield image, (b) DL-deconvolution of widefield image at 40 nm pixel size, (c) DL-deconvolution of widefield image at 65 nm pixel size, (d)RLdeconvolution of (flat-noise) SIM image, (e) H denoised SIM. Arrows indicate features where a significant difference is observed. (f-j) Spectral noise variance (on a logarithmic scale) over https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-noise-propagation-in-sim-reconstructions-a-example-s120b36s.png Figure 1 | Noise propagation in SIM reconstructions. (a) Example raw image of a SIM acquisition of GFP-zyxin in focal adhesions, and (b) Modulation Contrast to Noise Ratio (MCNR), indicating muted stripe contrast due to low signal levels. (c-d) Widefield and state- https://scispace.com/papers/struo-a-pipeline-for-building-custom-databases-for-common-2cguycttwt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-struos-workflow-encompasses-the-steps-from-genome-wygz5b8r.png Figure 1: (A) Struo’s workflow encompasses the steps from genome download to database construction. (B - E) The use of custom databases created using the proGenomes or GTDB collections of genomes increased the mappability of reads from 250 human gut metagenomes compared to the default databases of Kraken (B), Bracken (C), and HUMANn2 after nucleotide search (D) but not after translated search (E). https://scispace.com/papers/student-emotions-in-class-the-relative-importance-of-1yjeeykj5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptives-and-zero-order-correlations-among-2wgsahd7.png Table 1 Descriptives and zero-order correlations among measures at the teacher-student level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-intraclass-correlations-for-agency-and-communion-sqzv9hus.png Table 4 Intraclass correlations for agency and communion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-top-a-classical-sample-structure-is-depicted-with-1v6nglyr.png Fig. 1. On top, a ‘classical’ sample structure is depicted with students completely nested in classes, which are on their turn completely nested in teachers. Below, a for many educational settings more realistic cross-classified structure is depicted, in which teachers teach multiple classes, and students are taught by multiple teachers. The Teacher-Student Pairing level represents single observations or questionnaires. All four depicted levels in the lower panel are potential sources of variability in student emotions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-enjoyment-cross-classified-variance-component-model-1vn88ry4.png Table 2 Enjoyment: Cross-classified variance component model (M1) and conditional models including teacher interpersonal agency and communion (M2) and background variables (M3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-anxiety-cross-classified-variance-component-model-m1-3l9gamhr.png Table 3 Anxiety: Cross-classified variance component model (M1) and conditional models including teacher interpersonal agency and communion (M2) and background variables (M3). https://scispace.com/papers/students-in-jeopardy-an-agenda-for-improving-results-in-band-42joe1atyl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-high-school-certification-or-above-selected-2xjfmpza.png Figure 1: High-School Certification or Above (Selected Aboriginal Identity Groups and NonAboriginals, by Selected Age Cohorts, 2011) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-student-performance-in-reading-bc-reserve-schools-1koxtyc4.png Figure 2: Student Performance in Reading (BC Reserve Schools, 2010/11 and 2011/12) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-first-nation-high-school-completion-rates-ages-20-2ajs8rkj.png Figure 4: First-Nation High-School Completion Rates, Ages 20-24, by Overall Employment Rates, 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-bumq59dy.png Table 1: Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-improving-results-2hpy4xr5.png Table 1: Continued https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-an-outline-for-assessing-progress-1jsrjuk1.png Table 2: An Outline for Assessing Progress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-school-certification-or-above-first-nation-3lso8xvl.png Figure 3: High-School Certification or Above (First- Nation Adults, On-Reserve, Age 20-24, Canada and Selected Provinces, 2011) https://scispace.com/papers/students-views-on-fairness-in-education-the-importance-of-285pzjt90e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-schools-involved-2nh9id3n.png Table 1: Characteristics of the schools involved https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-incidence-of-statements-on-fairness-by-school-the-h9408jye.png Table 2: Incidence of statements on fairness by school (the two categories generating the most statements in each school are emboldened) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-themes-in-each-category-of-fairness-o3qlm6kb.png Table 3: Themes in each category of fairness https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-the-biology-of-the-crayfish-cambarus-propinquus-2hrfu9t7aj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-s894wwz6.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-long-term-behavioural-changes-in-group-housed-rat-3tjvfqzn7b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-locomotor-activity-in-control-sci-and-tbi-animals-ri6etzvj.png Figure 4. Locomotor activity in control, SCI and TBI animals at various weeks post 761 injury. Data display the locomotor activity (number of transitions automatically detected 762 by the RFID reader) from the individually ID chipped group-housed rats. Representative 763 data plotted over 2 days per week 1 (A-C), week 6 (D-F), and week 12 (G-I) post surgery 764 from 24/7 recordings; mean +/- SEM per group. Note the lack of light/dark circadian 765 pattern in SCI and TBI animals during the first week post injury compared to the control 766 group. Furthermore, SCI group showed decreased activity patterns during the 1 week 767 post injury. The 12 h light-dark cycle is indicated by white-black bars above graph. 768 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-locomotor-activity-and-body-temperature-of-naive-7pq59k1w.png Figure 3. Locomotor activity and body temperature of naïve rats. (A) Data displays 749 the locomotor activity of the animals derived from the number of transitions detected by 750 the baseplate RFID reader from the individually ID chipped group-housed rats. (B) No 751 significant difference in locomotor activity was observed between naïve male and female 752 rats and light and dark phases. (C) Data displays the body temperature recording of the 753 animals measured through the subcutaneous chip in the lower flank of the animals. (D) 754 No significant difference in subcutaneous body temperature was observed between naïve 755 male and female rats, but significant difference was observed between light and dark 756 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-definitions-of-the-five-behavioural-expressions-3vs1iq67.png Figure 2. Definitions of the five behavioural expressions selected and analysed in 745 detail in this study. These were aggression, individual grooming, rearing, feeding and 746 drinking, with images directly acquired from the IR video recordings. 747 748 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-experimental-design-after-the-lxjw0kdh.png Figure 1. Overview of the experimental design. After the baseline recording of the 731 behavioural tests, animals were subjected to CNS injury and implanted with the RFID chip 732 subcutaneously before they were returned to their group in their home standard IVC 733 https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-the-helminth-fauna-of-alaska-xliii-strigea-tazmzv7fnf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-s-macropharynx-details-of-posterior-end-of-two-2sirzv94.png FIGURE 2. S. macropharynx. Details of posterior end of two specimens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-strigea-macropharynx-sp-n-from-falco-rusticolus-l-pwno06us.png FIGURE 1. Strigea macropharynx sp. n., from Falco rusticolus L. Type specimen, length 2.11 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-anterior-end-of-s-macropharynx-in-situ-showing-2catg0wo.png FIGURE 3. Anterior end of S. macropharynx, in situ, showing intimate connection between tribocytic organ and host tissue. Tissue section stained with Alcian blue-PAS. Scale has value of 250 ,u. https://scispace.com/papers/studies-on-vision-and-visual-dysfunction-a-special-issue-to-2f5l0hakvb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dora-selma-fix-ventura-was-awarded-the-neuroscience-28ld125j.png Figure 2. Dora Selma Fix Ventura was awarded the Neuroscience Medal during the 34th Symposium of the Brazilian Society for Neuroscience and Behaviour, Caxambu, Minas Gerais (2010). The Medal is presented at each symposium to a Brazilian scientist who has made a significant contribution to the advancement of one or more aspects of nervous system research. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-barry-lee-speaking-at-the-verriest-lecture-during-1sg6olcb.png Figure 1. Barry Lee speaking at the Verriest Lecture during the 19th Symposium of the International Colour Vision Society, Belém, Pará (1997). He was awarded the Verriest Medal by the Society in 1997. The Medal is presented at each Symposium to an individual who has made a significant contribution to the advancement of one or more aspects of color vision research. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-cosmic-ray-impact-on-planck-hfi-low-temperature-13n9ws3r0i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coincidence-histogram-solid-line-processed-for-the-2rgolokk.png Fig. 2 Coincidence histogram (solid line) processed for the entirmission (∼ 850 days), based on the results of the glitch detection algorithm for a 15 ms bin (or 3 samples)4. The red dashed line is the extrapolation based on histogram values greaterthan the 15 coincidences threshold. The blue dashed line is the difference between all events andthe extrapolation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-tc1-tc2-and-tc3-diodes-and-bolometer-3p5ih7vp.png Fig. 1 Comparison of TC1, TC2 and TC3 diodes and bolometer glitch rates for the same period of time (about 150 days) which includes two solar flares, designated in by dashed lines.Left : the TC2 diode and glitch rates are very well correlated. Thesolar flare in June 2011 clearly appears while the one in March 2011 is negligible.Right : TC1 and TC3 diodes both record the solar flares meaning that the first one is composed of fewer energ tic particles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-flux-of-slow-and-fast-hce-greater-than-1uk-for-80-day-36m697tx.png Fig. 4 Flux of slow and fast HCE greater than 1µK for 80 day bins. For each HCE type, we detected 171 events greater than 1µK https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-stacking-of-fast-hce-based-on-events-greater-than-3iaoh0zx.png Fig. 3 Left : Stacking of fast HCE based on events greater than 1µK. Touched and untouched bolometers are dissociated.Right : Stacking of all bolometers for slow HCE greater than 1µK. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-damage-in-binary-fe-85-cr-15-alloys-irradiated-by-3n7eokrg3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-srim-profiles-for-a-left-figure-cmam-irradiation-30-6od64h7o.png Fig. 1 SRIM profiles for a) left figure: CMAM irradiation, 30 dpa Fe+ions damage profile and b) right figure: sequential irradiation Fe+ (CMAM) and He+ (CIEMAT) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-a-and-right-b-fitted-mossbauer-spectra-for-11vglrve.png Fig. 2. Left a) and Right b). Fitted Mössbauer spectra for Fe85Cr15: irradiated by He+ (samples #1,2, top), as received (centre, sample #0) and Fe+(bottom, samples #5,6). 2a) in the absence of an external magnetic field (wo_B). 2b) in the presence of an external magnetic field (w_B). The https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-single-irradiation-samples-and-their-irradiation-130aal85.png Table II: Single irradiation. Samples and their irradiation conditions. A.R. means samples unirradiated, “wo_B” samples irradiated in absence of B and “w_B” irradiated in the presence of B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-concentration-of-residual-contaminants-on-efda-2v9u7jat.png Table I: Concentration of residual contaminants on EFDA samples used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-principal-mossbauer-spectroscopy-analysis-14z4eny8.png Table IV. Principal Mössbauer Spectroscopy analysis parameters.“wo_B” samples irradiated in absence of B and “w_B” irradiated in the presence of B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sequential-irradiation-fe-cmam-and-he-ciemat-wo-b-2zs7hnn5.png Table III: Sequential irradiation Fe+ (CMAM) and He+ (CIEMAT). “wo_B” samples irradiated in absence of B and “w_B” irradiated in the presence of B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-s-w-correlation-between-different-samples-i-e-non-38we5x9d.png Fig. 8. S-W correlation between different samples, i.e., non-irradiated (#0), Fe+ irradiated at 22 dpa wo_B (#3) and w_B (#4), and sequentially irradiated with with Fe+ 22 dpa and He+ 8000 appm w/o_B (#7) and w_B (#8), measured at incident positron energies in the 4-20 keV range. Note: “wo_B” are samples irradiated in absence of B and “w_B” irradiated in the presence of B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-cdb-ratio-curves-with-respect-to-pure-fe-for-fe85cr15-11lh4bto.png Fig. 9. CDB ratio curves with respect to pure Fe for Fe85Cr15 non-irradiated (#0) and irradiated with Fe+ ions up to 22 dpa, wo_B (#3) and w_B (#4). The CDB spectra were measured at either 30 or 17 keV incident positron energy, respectively. Note: “wo_B” are samples irradiated in absence of B and “w_B” irradiated in the presence of B. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-decay-b0bar-d-omega-pi-14op5vlpoj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-results-of-the-d-polarization-measurement-in-bins-of-3e4y8a5d.png TABLE I: Results of the D∗ polarization measurement in bins of mX . The first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-fraction-of-longitudinal-polarization-as-a-336qfe4d.png FIG. 9: The fraction of longitudinal polarization as a function of m2X , where X is a vector meson. Shown (as a triangle) is the B0 → D∗+ωπ− polarization measurement for events with 1.1 < mX < 1.9 GeV (m 2 X = m 2 ρ′ , where ρ′ ≡ ρ(1450)), as well as earlier measurements (indicated by open circles) of B0 → D∗+ρ− [16], B0 → D∗+D∗− [17], and B0 → D∗+D∗−s [18]. The shaded region represents the prediction (± one standard deviation) based on factorization and HQET, extrapolated from the semileptonic B0 → D∗+`−ν̄ form factor results [19]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-data-m2x-distribution-normalized-to-the-semileptonic-78sv6vts.png FIG. 6: (a) Data m2X distribution normalized to the semileptonic width Γ(B → D∗`ν). The inner error bars reflect the statistical uncertainties on the data. The total error bars include the m2X -dependent systematic uncertainties. A common 11.3% scale systematic uncertainty is not shown. (b) Same as (a) but zoomed-in on the low m2X region, where comparisons based on factorization and τ data can be made. Also shown here are the results from the CLEO analysis [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-d0-k-p-eo-ed-distribution-for-b0-d-op-monte-carlo-1eb7mp5c.png FIG. 5: The ′(D0 → K−π+, Eω, ED∗) distribution for B0 → D∗+ωπ− Monte Carlo events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-feynman-diagrams-for-t-opn-and-b0-d-op-2jfo2htl.png FIG. 1: Feynman diagrams for τ → ωπν and B0 → D∗+ωπ−. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-effect-of-tio2-addition-on-the-crystalline-xllwhu6xeh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-elemental-leaching-rates-rli-of-si-al-mg-and-ce-as-a-1u0j6szv.png Fig. 6. Elemental leaching rates (RLi) of Si, Al, Mg and Ce as a function of time for the GCs with different TiO2 contents, leached in both MCC1 and MCC2 tests https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-general-appearance-of-synthetic-gc-materials-a-parent-3rqeycob.png Fig. 1. General appearance of synthetic GC materials, (a) Parent glass after fusion and (b) Parent glass after crystallization https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dta-curve-of-gc-materials-with-different-tio2-contents-3c2tb0vd.png Fig. 4. DTA curve of GC materials with different TiO2 contents https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-micrographs-of-the-gc-materials-with-different-3cqt9i6o.png Fig. 3. SEM micrographs of the GC materials with different TiO2 contents. a) 4.11wt.% TiO2GC, b) 5.11wt.% TiO2-GC. c) 6.11wt.% TiO2-GC Fig. 4 shows the DTA curve of the GCs with different TiO2 contents. For the GC with 5.11wt.% TiO2, the parent glass crystallization temperature appears around 563 °C. An allotropic transformation of the calzirtite (Ca2Zr5Ti2O16) crystal from monoclinic to tetragonal is revealed around 990 °C for the three GC at different TiO2 contents. It should be noted that the calzirtite crystal, Ca2Zr5Ti2O16, is often associated with that of zirconolite in magma-type rocks, and shows slight variations in their composition, especially the substitution type with respect to lanthanides and actinides, found in trace amounts in these rocks [33]. An allotropic transformation around 1090 °C and 1150 °C, attributable to the pyroxene and wollastonite crystal (of the pyroxenoids family) respectively, is observed for the three GCs at different TiO2 contents. M. Chavoutier et al [30] report the phase transformation of spodumene, a compound of the same family as pyroxene, around 1050 °C, in a GC made from a Li2OAl2O3-SiO2 type glass. Indeed, H. Khedim et al [10] show a transformation, attributed to the formation of pseudo wollastonite at 1170 °C. The ternary phase diagram of: SiO2-Al2O3-CaO shows well the range of existence of these phases. We note that the allotropic transformations of CaMoO4 (630 and 690, 810 and 880 °C) are undetectable on the DTA diagrams, because the content of this molybdate is very low and therefore the transformations are not apparent on the spectra. Finally, no melting phenomenon is observed up to 1450°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-gcs-phase-identification-for-different-contents-1i45j6dt.png Table 3. The GCs’ phase identification for different contents of TiO2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ftir-spectra-of-the-gcs-with-different-contents-of-3u3llp0t.png Fig. 5. FTIR spectra of the GCs with different contents of TiO2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-gc-archimedes-density-ra-as-a-function-of-tio2-31nny9t3.png Table 2. The GC Archimedes density (ρA) as a function of TiO2 content https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-diffractogramms-of-glass-ceramics-with-different-11kesok0.png Fig. 2. XRD diffractogramms of glass-ceramics with different contents of TiO2 https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-the-mixture-formation-processes-inside-a-modern-whbxvpldkq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-images-of-one-measurement-procedure-jz1rg4v5.png Fig. 4 Example images of one measurement procedure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-schematic-of-the-premixing-set-up-xm5czixq.png Fig. 3 Schematic of the premixing set-up https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-intake-air-distribution-at-ignition-time-ensemble-3vr173eq.png Fig. 11 Intake air distribution at ignition time. Ensemble-averaged images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-single-shots-of-mixing-of-intake-air-and-residual-gas-c53g902h.png Fig. 10 Single shots of mixing of intake air and residual gas during the intake stroke https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-experimental-set-up-for-the-two-line-excitation-lif-1t3wj9ui.png Fig. 5 Experimental set-up for the two-line excitation LIF technique https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-temperature-during-the-compression-stroke-3no876gt.png Fig. 8 Temperature during the compression stroke https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-single-shots-during-the-compression-stroke-of-op-2-3ugyrmg9.png Fig. 9 Single shots during the compression stroke of OP 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-fuel-air-ratio-distribution-for-op-3-intake-stroke-lno9pv7q.png Fig. 16 Fuel/air ratio distribution for OP 3, intake stroke https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-time-evolution-of-the-bend-over-energy-in-the-27t5jqcoxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fitted-parameters-for-time-dependent-energy-spectra-q7kt0w2f.png Table 2 Fitted Parameters for Time-dependent Energy Spectra https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-downstream-energy-spectra-of-accelerated-particles-1or1x7xt.png Figure 3. Downstream energy spectra of accelerated particles for different simulation times (circles). Solid and dashed lines indicate fits to the simulated energy spectra using the function form in Equation (6), at various simulation times. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-xi-and-kri-from-nlgce-f-and-qlt-26vpdiwu.png Table 1 Values of ξi and κRi from NLGCE-F and QLT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trajectory-of-a-test-particle-as-a-function-of-time-3bn3ys62.png Figure 2. Trajectory of a test particle as a function of time. The top three panels show the particle position in the Cartesian coordinate system, the fourth to sixth panels show the particle momentum in each direction, and the bottom panel indicates the particle energy. The vertical red line indicates the time when the particle does not cross the shock again. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-parallel-diffusion-coefficients-kp1-and-kp2-in-the-1ke1yl9h.png Figure 1. Parallel diffusion coefficients, κP1 and κP2, in the upstream (black) and downstream (red) of the shock, respectively, as a function of particle momentum p/pref, where pref is the momentum of a proton with rigidity R=1 GV. The diamonds represent calculation results from NLGCE-F. The solid lines indicate the fitting of the NLGCE-F results using the power-law form in Equation (11) with power indices 1x and ξ2 in the upstream and downstream, respectively. To replace the power indices ξ1 and ξ2 with the average value, the solid lines are changed to the dashed lines. The dotted lines indicate the QLT results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fits-to-the-simulated-spectra-open-circles-at-t-10-e9c7xwew.png Figure 4. Fits to the simulated spectra (open circles) at t=10, 105, 250, and 495 ms are plotted in red curves. The blue vertical line and magenta oblique line in each panel denote the bend-over energy E0 and the spectral index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectral-index-of-shock-accelerated-particles-as-a-1cxawacr.png Figure 5. Spectral index of shock accelerated particles as a function of time. The circles indicate results from simulations, and the dashed line corresponds to the DSA theory. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-bend-over-energy-e0-as-a-function-of-time-from-3td24vcp.png Figure 6. Bend-over energy, E0, as a function of time from simulations (diamonds), theory with NLGCE-F (solid line), and theory with QLT (dotted line). https://scispace.com/papers/sturm-sequences-and-random-eigenvalue-distributions-1l21gp2on0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-performance-of-naive-histogramming-algorithm-this-tap1t777.png Figure 1. Performance of naive histogramming algorithm. This figure makes readily apparent the dominance of the eigenvalue computation (which takes O(n2) time): the number of histogram bins makes no significant difference in performance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-performance-of-sturm-sequence-based-histogramming-3amdmp0j.png Figure 2. Performance of Sturm sequence based histogramming algorithm. This figure clearly demonstrates the bilinear dependency from the O(mn) computation time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-variance-for-small-b-this-figure-illustrates-3tizxe8w.png Figure 5. (Mean Variance for Small β) This figure illustrates that for large n, the variance appears to grow as O(log n). Presented is a logarithmic plot of the mean sample variance of histogram bin values for a 100 bin histogram as n varies from 1 to 220 over 1024 trials. Different series are given for β = 1/32 to 1 in powers of two (β increases from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-speedup-of-the-sturm-based-histogramming-algorithm-bh7kipg5.png Figure 3. Speedup of the Sturm-based histogramming algorithm compared to the naive histogramming algorithm. Speedup is defined as the number of times our algorithm is faster than the naive approach. For large n, the speedup is quite remarkable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mean-variance-for-large-b-this-figure-illustrates-356w4o34.png Figure 6. (Mean Variance for Large β) This figure illustrates that, for large n, the variance appears to grow as O(log n). Presented is a logarithmic plot of the mean sample variance of histogram bin values for a 100 bin histogram as n varies from 1 to 220 over 1024 trials. Different series are given for β = 2 to 1024 in powers of two (β increases from top to bottom). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analytic-blue-line-and-empirical-black-histogram-1linhqfk.png Figure 4. Analytic (blue line) and empirical (black histogram) conditional densities of r2 given β = 2, λ = 0, and r1 = 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probability-density-function-of-eigenvalues-of-the-3ls4o486.png Figure 7. Probability density function of eigenvalues of the β-Hermite ensemble for n = 8 and β = 8. This density was generated using 220 randomly generated histograms with m = 256 bins. Note the clustering behavior of the eigenvalues due to the repulsion effect of a large β value. https://scispace.com/papers/study-of-tin-corrosion-the-influence-of-alloying-elements-3yd736644h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-thickness-of-corrosion-layer-um-for-different-alloys-1xtq84am.png Table 4 Thickness of corrosion layer (µm) for different alloys and different treatments measured using SEM images https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-bse-images-obtained-from-the-cross-section-of-1o04abho.png Fig. 4. BSE images obtained from the cross section of artificially corroded tin alloys. Images a–b show hemispherical pitting corrosion generated by HNO3. Images c–d show irregular shaped corrosion generated by HNO3 and images e–f show corrosion generated by HCl. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-the-analysed-tin-alloys-nd-not-2oggsdor.png Table 1 Composition of the analysed tin alloys. (nd: not detected) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weighted-amount-of-metal-and-aas-results-of-the-3mmqzbs3.png Table 2 Weighted amount of metal and AAS results of the prepared tin alloys https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-typical-examples-of-surface-corrosion-features-on-pukpjpqg.png Fig. 1. Typical examples of surface corrosion features on authentic tin artefacts: optical images a–e show different types of corrosion holes apparent at the surface. Images a–b, holes that are punctured through the surface; images d–e, shallow holes with some residual corrosion products left in; image 1c, an example of a corrosion crack; images f and h, spots consisting of dark grey to black corrosion products; image i shows examples of white loose corrosion products. Noteworthy is the fact that for most of the examined objects more than one feature at the same time could be observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bse-images-obtained-from-the-cross-sectioned-samples-1eicw14j.png Fig. 2. BSE images obtained from the cross sectioned samples of the ancient tin objects. The images give an overview of some typical encountered corrosion forms on these objects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ftir-spectrum-obtained-from-an-artificially-corroded-25m8inrz.png Fig. 3. FTIR-spectrum obtained from an artificially corroded Sn–Cu 1.5 wt.% alloy using a 1 M solution of H2SO4. https://scispace.com/papers/studying-the-effect-of-perceived-hedonic-mobile-device-27xa0zsr9k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-evaluation-constructs-29tw3f1p.png Figure 3. Measured evaluation constructs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-proposed-classification-for-the-mobile-device-1tzuyejd.png Figure 5. A proposed classification for the mobile device characteristics that influence the perceived hedonic and pragmatic qualities of a mobile device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-application-on-devices-a-and-b-2p646rtw.png Figure 2. Test application on Devices A and B. https://scispace.com/papers/subcarrier-intensity-modulation-spatial-modulation-for-20sxxym39e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-simulation-parameters-18qiup32.png Table 2. the Simulation Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-throughput-versus-snr-for-propose-sim-sm-and-sim-wrqb3079.png Fig. 8. Throughput versus SNR for propose SIM+SM and SIM scheme when spectral efficiency of 2bits/s/Hz https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-on-performance-of-the-proposed-sm-sim-and-3iyv3t3h.png Fig. 6. Comparison on performance of the proposed SM+SIM and SIM for spectral efficiency of 3bits/s/Hz in AWGN channel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-on-performance-of-the-proposed-sm-sim-and-317j91s1.png Fig. 7. Comparison on performance of the proposed SM+SIM and SIM for spectral efficiency of 4bits/s/Hz in AWGN channel https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-throughput-versus-snr-for-propose-sim-sm-and-sim-1kbr98ei.png Fig. 9. Throughput versus SNR for propose SIM+SM and SIM scheme when spectral efficiency of 3bits/s/Hz https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-sim-fso-a-transmitter-and-b-receiver-28cw4hci.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of SIM-FSO. (a) Transmitter and (b) receiver. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-subcarrier-index-g3m07jzc.png Fig. 4. Subcarrier index https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sm-how-it-works-setup-distance-x-y-euclidean-distance-2o8c18xt.png Fig. 2. SM: how it works. Setup: distance (x, y) = Euclidean distance between signals x and y [9] . https://scispace.com/papers/subclass-based-semi-random-data-partitioning-for-improving-1tzzqmtgns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-standard-deviation-2svgvn5t.png Table 14 Standard deviation https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-table-for-the-attribute-humidity-3fb7qwd3.png Table 4 Frequency table for the attribute ‘Humidity’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-frequency-table-for-the-attribute-windy-2ng9t0jj.png Table 5 Frequency table for the attribute ‘Windy’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-average-accuracy-of-classification-2s32vuv1.png Table 12 Average accuracy of classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-distribution-among-different-cases-of-decision-tree-4yf6i9cw.png Table 16 Distribution among different cases of decision tree learning https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-table-for-the-attribute-outlook-2iqhrqqe.png Table 2 Frequency table for the attribute ‘Outlook’ https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-subset-t1-2-of-the-weather-data-set-17mx361x.png Table 7 Subset T1.2 of the weather data set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-table-for-the-attribute-temperature-21zwn77x.png Table 3 Frequency table for the attribute ‘Temperature’ https://scispace.com/papers/subfemtosecond-timing-jitter-between-two-independent-1ou4u0pfhj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-timing-jitter-between-two-synchronized-femtosecond-1txb8n3t.png Fig. 1. Timing jitter between two synchronized femtosecond lasers. (a) Time record of noise determined from fluctuations of the SFG intensity. (b) SFG intensity-noise power spectral density from dc to 100 Hz. (c) SFG intensity-noise power spectral density from dc to 100 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-controlled-switching-of-time-delays-between-the-two-3q58k917.png Fig. 3. Controlled switching of time delays between the two pulse trains. (a) Switching dynamics showing a 6.3-ms delay, a 10-ms servo attack time, and 60-ms settling time in the real signal after the control signal in the feedback loop is applied. (b) Cross-correlation signal between the two pulse trains. (c) 10-Hz switching sequences recorded in a 1-s period. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-power-spectral-density-of-the-servo-error-signal-and-2z2kgjgf.png Fig. 2. Power spectral density of the servo error signal and the intrinsic noise of the mixer from dc to 100 kHz (a) and from dc to 100 Hz (b). These results show that the present performance is limited by the intrinsic noise f loor of the best mixer that we have at 14 GHz. https://scispace.com/papers/subglacial-clast-behaviour-and-its-implication-for-till-32vu59fhv5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-component-of-till-movement-to-glacier-motion-r9mlelvw.png Table 4 Average component of till movement to glacier motion, cohesion (C) and angle of frictio https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-air-temperature-and-rainfall-2004-5-b-water-pressure-2yuu4otf.png Fig. 4. (a) Air temperature and rainfall 2004–5; (b) water pressure data from probes 5, 7 and 8 (2004/5); (c) air temperature and rainfall 2005–6; (d) water pressure data from probes 10, 12 and 16 (2005/6);. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-glacsweb-system-with-probe-inset-the-probes-are-3ldaeule.png Fig. 1. Glacsweb system with probe inset. The probes are powered by Lithium Thionyl Chlor and tethered to the ice with an anchor (15 m down a borehole) and rocks on the base. It was a 15 W solar panel and a 60 W wind generator (Rutland 503). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-residual-stress-driving-stress-minus-till-strength-for-1qn4lxyl.png Fig. 5. Residual stress (driving stress minus till strength) for the probes: (a) 2004/5, (b) 2005/6. Till deformation can potentially occur when the glacier driving stress minus till strength is positive. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-diagram-to-show-three-dimensional-probe-1qa5cn71.png Fig. 6. Schematic diagram to show three-dimensional probe movement: (a) relative tilt ang (d) theoretical change in orientation (in practice this will be accompanied by a change in d https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-briksdalsbreen-a-location-of-the-glacier-b-photograph-3uqnewlb.png Fig. 2. Briksdalsbreen: (a) location of the glacier; (b) photograph of the glacier with field site shown; (c) map of the glacier with field site marked with a star. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-data-from-the-three-till-probes-that-recorded-data-the-xqo7prxc.png Fig. 7. Data from the three till probes that recorded data the whole year: (a) probe 8 tilt angle (2004/5); (b) probe 12 tilt angle (2005/6); (c) probe 10 tilt angle (2005/6); (d) probe 10 case strain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-2004-6-in-a-glacier-velocity-b-glacier-2rejn070.png Fig. 3. Changes 2004–6 in: (a) glacier velocity, (b) glacier thickness. https://scispace.com/papers/subjective-and-objective-quality-assessment-for-volumetric-26sbqfxc7f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-selected-pairs-for-the-pairwise-comparisons-g07bok6e.png Figure 4. The selected pairs for the pairwise comparisons experiment. The dashed lines indicate the comparisons between different quality levels, solid lines indicate comparisons among the videos with different source point counts, and dotted lines indicate cross content comparisons. For the psychometric scaling, all of the original videos were considered as one “original” or “reference” case where it is the ideal state of the video. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-four-different-sample-rendered-images-showing-the-1rmsnd3l.png Figure 3. Four different sample rendered images showing the effect of point size on rendered images. Splat size increases from left to right. The holes are visible in the leftmost and centre-left images, and the rightmost image looks swollen, as the text on chest also changes shape. Thus, the splat size corresponding centre-right image was selected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-computed-correlation-coefficients-to-evaluate-1mfp5a2j.png Table 1 - The computed correlation coefficients to evaluate the performances of various objective quality metrics. The bold entries show the three best results each column. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-plot-of-po2pointrms-vs-mos-for-both-of-the-3nehc45l.png Figure 8. The plot of po2pointRMS vs. MOS for both of the contents. Despite having a PCC = 0.847, the objective quality estimates are misleading and do not correspond MOS values well due to high variance. For instance, for the 1.75 po2pointRMS value, MOS values change from 20 to 75, which indicates very high variance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-binomial-test-results-for-different-input-point-13cbn0xw.png Figure 6. Binomial test results for different input point counts. Each cell indicates the ratio of the videos with point counts given in the ith row is significantly better than jth column. For this analysis, only the comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plots-for-the-the-best-performing-a-and-the-least-va5agq1n.png Figure 7. Plots for the the best-performing (a) and the least-performing (b) point-based geometry-difference objective quality assessment results. The red lines indicate the best-fit for the non-linear mapping function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-rendered-images-for-pcs-at-different-quality-3c6bmt03.png Figure 1. Sample rendered images for PCs at different quality levels: uncompressed reference (leftmost) and compressed PCs where i=1 (centre-left), i=2 (centre), i=3 (centre-right), and i=4 (rightmost). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sample-2d-rendered-versions-of-the-two-selected-1w36n680.png Figure 2. Sample 2D rendered versions of the two selected volumetric videos; (left) ‘Matis’ and (right) ‘Rafa’. https://scispace.com/papers/sublethal-effects-of-kaolin-and-the-biopesticides-prestop-15jml2qzox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-sd-meabolic-rates-a-and-water-loss-rates-b-of-94dhiokw.png Fig. 1 Mean (±SD) meabolic rates (a) and water loss rates (b) of forager bumble bees exposed to kaolin, Prestop-Mix, BotaniGard and wheat flour. Stars indicate statistically significant (P \ 0.05) intratreatment differences before and after exposure, and different letters indicate statistically significant (P \ 0.05) differences between treatments https://scispace.com/papers/submarine-landslides-on-the-upper-southeast-australian-3lfa4o0mju 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-i-location-map-of-the-southern-queensland-to-174g802j.png Figure 1 I) Location map of the southern Queensland to northern New South Wales coastline and bathymetry, showing the location of the study area (dashed line). Insets mark the three slides sites (north to south): (A) Coolangatta 1 Slide, (B) Cudgen Slide, (C) Byron Slide. II) The three slide sites showing the locations of 8 gravity cores (GC) collected on the RV Southern Surveyor (SS2008/12) voyage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-i-images-of-the-three-gravity-cores-gc-that-present-28ptbycv.png Figure 2 I) Images of the three gravity cores (GC) that present boundary features: GC8, GC11 and GC12. See Figure 1 for the locations of the gravity cores. II) Close up of the boundary feature in each core. The inferred slide plane is indicated with a dashed black line. Bulk radiocarbon ages for each core are also shown in yellow (ky = thousand years before present, RCD = radiocarbon dead). https://scispace.com/papers/subsalt-illumination-studies-through-longitudinal-and-1u8xmec6af 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-3-d-ziggy-model-bpyutrkh.png Figure 1. The 3-D Ziggy model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-2-d-vertical-section-from-the-ziggy-model-b-2-d-84akzkv7.png Figure 3. a) 2-D vertical section from the Ziggy model. b) 2-D vertical section from the Ziggy model, the upper salt body P-wave velocity has been replaced by S-wave velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illuminating-beams-showing-the-wave-propagation-1foahrdx.png Figure 5. Illuminating beams showing the wave propagation through the subsurface model : a) P-wave beams for 3 source locations along the surface. b) S-wave beams for 3 source locations along the surface. Note that S-waves do not get distorted and scattered as much as P-waves. Therefore, the S-waves may be better suited to illuminate the base-salt and subsalt structures. c) Addition of a series of illuminating beams with sources along the surface for only P-waves. d) Addition of a series of illuminating beams with sources along the surface for only S-waves (in the salt body). Notice that P-wave propagation creates more shadow zones, and note again that the S-wave propagation illuminates better the base-salt and subsalt structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-various-modeled-snapshots-for-acoustic-and-elastic-28fo8ent.png Figure 4. Various modeled snapshots for acoustic and elastic wave field propagation : a) P-wave snapshots for 3 source locations along the surface. b) S-wave snapshots for 3 source locations along the surface (note here the delayed waves because of slower S-wave propagation velocity through the subsurface model). c) Combined P- and S-wave snapshots – the blue colored waves represent P-waves and the red colored waves represent S-waves. d) Same as c), but for another source location at the surface. Note that because of the fast velocity behavior of P-waves, the wave front gets distorted and gets more complex and focused. On the other hand for S-waves the wave front distortion effects are less observed (propagation with higher illumination angle). https://scispace.com/papers/successful-and-failed-flux-tube-emergence-in-the-solar-2o98qyo10m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-histogram-of-b-over-r-for-rd-5-ld-100-ad-0-1-and-230hlp4k.png Figure 5. (a) Histogram of B over ρ for Rd=5, λd=100, αd=0.1, and B0d=34 (case 5, Table 1). The values were sampled at the xz-midplane (plane crossing the flux tube cross section) during the whole simulation run (t=0–950 minutes). The solid black line outlining the uppermost part of the histogram is the scaling curve. Panels (b)–(f) show the smoothed scaling curves of cases 1–15 of Table 2. Panel (b) shows cases with different B0, (c) cases with different R, (d) cases with different λ, (e) cases with different α and λd=100, and (e) cases with different α and λd=20. The axis below panel (f) shows the depth inside the solar interior that is equivalent to the density x-axis of panels (b)–(f). The legends in each panel show the specific parameters of each simulation. The value of the mean κ for the less steep and steeper part of the scaling curves is shown in parentheses next to the value of the varied parameter, and the dash denotes a nonlinear scaling. The solid gray lines in each panel have an inclination of κ=1, and the dashed gray lines have an inclination of κ=0.25. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-different-cases-of-flux-tube-expansion-256269lc.png Figure 1. Three different cases of flux tube expansion discussed in the Introduction. Panel (a) shows the expansion along the cross section of the cylindrical flux tube. Panel (b) shows the expansion along the length of the flux tube. Panels (c) shows the expansion of a horizontal magnetic field due to the presence of velocity gradients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-height-time-profiles-of-the-flux-tube-apex-solid-307x3qcl.png Figure 8. Height—time profiles of the flux tube apex (solid) and center (dashed) of cases 1–15 of Table 2. Panel (a) shows cases with different B0, (b) shows the same as (a), but the x-axis is scaled as td×B0d, (c) shows cases with different R, (d) cases with different λ, (e) cases with different α for λd=100, and (e) cases with different α for λd=20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cartoon-like-illustration-showing-when-and-where-b-33lsck1k.png Figure 6. Cartoon-like illustration showing when and where B∝ρκ in an emerging flux tube. (a) Top: flux tube with a horizontal-like apex. The thick gray (black) lines show twisted field lines close to (away from) the axis of the flux tube. Bottom: cross sections of the flux tube; the regions are colored according to the color of the above field lines. Bottom left: region where the axial field is stronger than the poloidal field, and the corresponding scaling law. Bottom right: region where the axial component is comparable to the poloidal component. (b) Top: horizontal expansion of the flux tube at the photosphere. The gray shaded region shows where the magnetic field strength increases due to compression. Bottom: cross section of the flux tube, showing the compressed region and the corresponding scaling law. (c) Top: flux tube with a toroidal-like shaped apex. The thick gray (black) lines show twisted field lines close to (away from) the axis of the flux tube. Bottom: zoom of the tube apex. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-the-initial-simulation-parameters-used-to-nfmiqifq.png Table 1 Values of the Initial Simulation Parameters Used to Produce Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cases-1-15-showing-the-initial-simulation-parameters-326jqgsh.png Table 2 Cases 1–15 Showing the Initial Simulation Parameters Used to Produce Figures 8 and 5 and Cases 1–21 Showing the Initial Simulation Parameters Used to Produce Figure 9 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-initial-fluxes-as-a-function-of-b0-for-the-xbc1bs5n.png Figure 3. Initial fluxes as a function of B0 for the simulations of Table 1. Diamonds correspond to “successful” emergence and “x” to “failed” emergence. The dashed lines show flux tubes of the same radius. Rd denotes the value of the radius. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-initial-stratification-of-the-atmosphere-in-2shun2qw.png Figure 2. Initial stratification of the atmosphere in dimensionless units (temperature (T), density (ρ), magnetic pressure (Pm of the flux tube case 10, Table 1) and gas pressure (Pg)). https://scispace.com/papers/successful-umbilical-cord-blood-stem-cell-transplantation-in-1f12a2hngl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1r0vvem7.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/sugar-responsive-pseudopolyrotaxanes-and-their-application-vkhis4pqu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-turbidity-change-of-the-naph-peg-pba-g-cyd-pprx-17gfket4.png Fig. 6. The turbidity change of the Naph-PEG/PBA-γ-CyD PPRX depending on the sugar concentration (pH 7.4, 37°C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-release-profiles-of-naph-peg-from-the-naph-peg-pba-g-3oe2ife4.png Fig. 7. Release profiles of Naph-PEG from the Naph-PEG/PBA-γ-CyD PPRX in the absence and presence of sugars (pH 7.4, 37 °C). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-xrd-patterns-a-pba-g-cyd-b-naph-peg-c-physical-mixture-257kulg9.png Fig. 4. XRD patterns: (a) PBA-γ-CyD, (b) Naph-PEG, (c) physical mixture of Naph-PEG and PBA-γ-CyD, and (d) Naph-PEG/PBA-γ-CyD PPRX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-solid-state-fluorescence-spectra-of-naph-peg-with-a-3ec940nf.png Fig. 5. Solid-state fluorescence spectra of Naph-PEG with α-CyD, γ-CyD, or PBA-γ-CyD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dsc-thermograms-a-pba-g-cyd-b-naph-peg-c-physical-j72zl4b2.png Fig. 3. DSC thermograms: (a) PBA-γ-CyD, (b) Naph-PEG, (c) physical mixture of Naph-PEG and PBA-γ-CyD, and (d) Naph-PEG/PBA-γ-CyD PPRX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-illustration-of-sugar-induced-disintegration-3a7giae8.png Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of sugar-induced disintegration of Naph-PEG-Ins/PBA-γ-CyD PPRX. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-chemical-structures-of-building-blocks-of-sugar-16t5oyjj.png Fig. 1. Chemical structures of building blocks of sugar-responsive PPRXs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-release-profiles-of-naph-peg-ins-from-the-naph-peg-ins-26qbg5uq.png Fig. 8. Release profiles of Naph-PEG-Ins from the Naph-PEG-Ins/PBA-γ-CyD PPRX in the absence and presence of sugars (pH 7.4, 37°C). https://scispace.com/papers/suggestions-for-fresh-search-queries-by-mining-mircoblog-b0jlxzli6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-precision-values-of-each-topics-3t6jp14f.png Table 2: The precision values of each topics https://scispace.com/papers/sulfur-dioxide-measurements-in-the-lower-middle-and-upper-5g2ybqsu1u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-vertical-so2-mixing-ratios-of-two-itop-flights-13ndyt59.png Fig. 5. Vertical SO2 mixing ratios of two ITOP flights performed 26 July and 31 July. For more details see text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-detected-so2-no-and-noy-levels-during-crossing-of-an-52d2zn2o.png Fig. 8. Detected SO2, NO and NOy levels during crossing of an aircraft contrail. All trace gases are strongly enhanced above atmospheric concentrations measured before interception. For further details see text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-cross-section-of-the-mass-spectrometer-and-1rxk252i.png Fig. 1. Schematic cross-section of the mass spectrometer and associated airflow inlet. Each pumping zone is separated by different orifices. The first section was pumped by a 25m3 h 1 rotary pump (R). The focusing and detection unit was pumped by a Balzers Pfeiffer TMH 260/130 turbomolecular pump (T) and additionally backed by the rotary pump (R). A magnetic valve feedback operated by a pressure sensor mounted in front of the flow reactor (FR) controls the reactor pressure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-so2-time-series-of-the-flight-performed-31-july-fl31-34y1md7k.png Fig. 6. SO2 time series of the flight performed 31 July (FL31) and altitude profile (black). The average SO2 levels above 6 km altitude are surprisingly low (35 pptv) and altitude independent (a). Total column of the FLEXPART North American SO2 tracer. The plot represents the average SO2 levels over the last two hours with the endpoint at 50 400 s UTC. The Falcon flight path is marked in red (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-all-shown-mass-spectra-were-obtained-by-sampling-2v8k7vpp.png Fig. 2. All shown mass spectra were obtained by sampling synthetic 40–120 amu. 5 micro-scans with 250ms scan time and an average over th of synthetic air with a 700 pptv 34S16O2 calibration signal at 114 amu and with a small fraction of HCO3 ions at 61 amu (b). Zoomed view of the 3 The 32S16O2 peak appears at 112 amu revealing instrumental backgrou 32SO2 fraction contained in the calibration gas. (c). Zoomed view of a typ arbitrary 32S16O2 analyte peak (d). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-map-with-overlaid-flight-pattern-and-wind-vectors-1mzkps1x.png Fig. 7. Map with overlaid flight pattern and wind vectors during 26 July. The area of plume interception with the Falcon aircraft is marked by a gray rectangle (a). SO2 time series of the flight performed 26 July (FL26) and altitude profile (black). Between 62 960 and 63 790 s UTC the SO2 level was strongly enhanced (b). Total column of the FLEXPART European CO tracer. The plot represents the average CO levels over the last 2 h with the endpoint at 64800 s UTC. The Falcon flight path is color-coded with the measured SO2 mole fraction (c). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-isotopic-purity-in-percentage-contribution-kij-of-3ur7gwpt.png Table 1 Isotopic purity in percentage contribution (Kij) of the ith compound in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-signal-at-m-e-1-4-112-amu-as-function-of-the-signal-at-3odn4y0z.png Fig. 4. Signal at m/e ¼ 112 amu as function of the signal at m/e ¼ 114 amu by use of an ambient air flow without isotopic calibration standard. The corresponding slope of a linear fit was computed to be 18.470.2 (theoretic value: 18.34). For more details see text. https://scispace.com/papers/suitability-index-for-restoration-in-landscapes-an-35e3nadni2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-from-calculation-of-the-suitability-index-27im7b6n.png Table 4 Results from calculation of the suitability index for restoration (SIR, dimensionless) relative to distance classes and values of Index of Local Quality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-land-cover-maps-of-sorocaba-area-from-landsat-5-1qxp6y3i.png Fig. 3. Land cover maps of Sorocaba area from Landsat-5 satellite image for 1988 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percentages-of-occurrence-and-transitions-of-the-3a5dnawt.png Table 5 Percentages of occurrence and transitions of the land cover classes from 1988 (rows) to 2011 (columns). Gray-filled cells indicate the values where no transition occurred during the period of study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-forest-fragments-existing-in-2011-dark-green-areas-myu13e2s.png Fig. 4. Forest fragments existing in 2011. Dark green areas indicate fragments that e p v https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-the-forest-fragments-and-their-36mfj6t0.png Fig. 5. Distribution of the forest fragments and their respectiv https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-slope-map-for-study-area-and-river-channels-formed-by-3eurlh4f.png Fig. 2. Slope map for study area and river channels formed by Sorocaba River (blue line that represents the stretch of the river that passes through Sorocaba Municipality). (For interpretation of reference to color in this figure legend, the reader is https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-number-of-fragments-percentage-of-total-of-the-3rib088v.png Table 6 Number of fragments, percentage of total of the fragments, area occupied by each size category of forest fragment and percentage of the whole forest-covered area for each size interval for 1988 and 2011. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-forest-fragments-metrics-for-the-two-periods-of-1ax2v93e.png Table 7 Forest fragments metrics for the two periods of study. https://scispace.com/papers/sum-product-networks-for-robust-automatic-speaker-343htf9eje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-asi-accuracy-for-the-real-world-non-stationary-noise-3ciemp9a.png Table 1: ASI accuracy (%) for the real-world non-stationary noise sources. The average improvement over the model in the preceding row is shown in the last column. The highest accuracy for each condition is shown in boldface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-spn-speaker-model-with-univariate-gaussian-leaves-3jhzl71f.png Figure 1: SPN speaker model with univariate Gaussian leaves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-asi-accuracy-for-the-real-world-coloured-noise-2iuqvzat.png Table 2: ASI accuracy (%) for the real-world coloured noise sources. The average improvement over the model in the preceding row is shown in the last column. The highest accuracy for each condition is shown in boldface. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-number-of-parameters-used-by-each-asi-system-q17ajfbe.png Table 3: Average number of parameters used by each ASI system for each of the 630 speakers. https://scispace.com/papers/summary-information-and-data-sets-for-the-hbcu-solar-22ew1hcewy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-1-data-for-mississippi-valley-state-university-for-2he8ucvt.png Figure 4-1. Data for Mississippi Valley State University for July 4, 1 985 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-percent-of-possible-daytime-data-passing-seri-qc-316li1x9.png Table A-6. Percent of Possible Daytime Data Passing SERI QC and Shadowband Alignment Tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-log-used-to-record-maintenance-of-instruments-and-2v8mdchq.png Figure 2-2. Log used to record maintenance of instruments and data acquisition system https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-26-percent-of-possible-daytime-data-col-lected-and-v81o54en.png Table A-26. Percent of Possible Daytime Data Col lected and Percent Possibly Passing SERI QC https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-25-record-of-instrument-changes-and-calibration-25hknxpq.png Table A-25. Record of Instrument Changes and Calibration Factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-bluefield-state-college-direct-normal-solar-202e0xla.png Table 5-6. Bluefield State College Direct Normal Solar Radiation {kWhlm2) {Percentage Uncertainty Shown in Parenthesis, Asterisks Denote Insufficient Data) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-monthly-variability-of-global-horizontal-2zsvs9y9.png Figure 5-7. Monthly variability of global horizontal radiation for Mississippi Val ley State University https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-monthly-variability-of-direct-normal-radiation-25u24d29.png Figure 5-8. Monthly variability of direct normal radiation for Mississippi Valley State University https://scispace.com/papers/summer-school-on-intelligent-agents-in-automation-hands-on-2q85he2kig 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-interesting-topics-to-be-covered-by-the-future-edition-3aliy8d1.png Fig. 5. Interesting topics to be covered by the future edition of the school. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-level-of-satisfaction-with-the-academic-and-37ll85dv.png Fig. 4. Level of satisfaction with the academic and pedagogical aspects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-characterization-of-the-attendance-to-the-summer-2f8lun36.png Fig. 3. Characterization of the attendance to the summer school. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schedule-of-lectures-for-the-summer-school-csmrp7bf.png Fig. 1. Schedule of lectures for the summer school. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-automation-hardware-setup-begrug3o.png Fig. 2. Automation hardware setup. https://scispace.com/papers/superconducting-and-mechanical-properties-of-low-temperature-2plakebj84 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-maximum-fracture-elongation-as-a-function-of-strain-337eyrm7.png Figure 9: Maximum fracture elongation as a function of strain rate for three solders at room temperature. Elongation was measured in the middle section of the sample (25 mm in length) which was unbroken - outside the breaking point. Lines are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stress-strain-curve-for-bi49pb18in21sn12-at-a-26dao3ab.png Figure 4: Stress-strain curve for Bi49Pb18In21Sn12 at a strain rate of 0.053 %/second. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-stress-versus-strain-at-different-strain-rates-for-1n18vtvl.png Figure 5: Stress versus strain at different strain rates for Pb20Sn34Bi46. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fracture-elongation-as-a-function-of-strain-rate-21o2wokc.png Figure 8: Fracture elongation as a function of strain rate for three solders at room temperature. Elongation was calculated from measuring the full length of the broken sample (~44 mm in length). Lines are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-elastic-modulus-versus-strain-rate-for-three-2wuxnmm8.png Figure 6: Elastic modulus versus strain rate for three solders on a loglog scale. Lines are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tensile-strength-verses-strain-rate-for-three-2tg9hywu.png Figure 7: Tensile strength verses strain rate for three solders on a loglog scale. Lines are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maximum-temperature-used-to-melt-the-samples-and-the-267avkxx.png Table 1: Maximum temperature used to melt the samples and the cooling rate used to fabricate the solder samples for mechanical tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ac-magnetic-moment-against-temperature-in-different-3jyk8rf4.png Figure 1: Ac. magnetic moment against temperature in different applied magnetic fields for Pb57Bi36Sb7. Lines are guides to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/super-resolution-for-computed-tomography-based-on-discrete-3vw911qm1m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-reconstruction-of-a-polyurethane-foam-taken-with-a-29dxnqwf.png Fig. 1. (a) Reconstruction of a polyurethane foam, taken with a SkyScan 1172 μCT scanner at a pixel resolution of 17μm. (b) Otsu’s segmentation of the reconstruction. Many cell walls remain undetected in the segmentation while other structures are overestimated. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fbp-reconstructions-of-the-epiphyseal-plate-of-a-rat-1f9g5r9v.png Fig. 2. FBP reconstructions of the epiphyseal plate of a rat femur taken at two different resolutions in a SkyScan 1172 μCT scanner. (a) 35μm reconstruction, low radiation dose. (b) 9μm reconstruction, high radiation dose. This one is clearly much easier to segment. Note that as both slices were taken from different scans, the object was slightly displaced between the acquisition of both datasets. Even though image registration was performed, there is still a residual difference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-experimental-results-from-a-simulated-analytical-yumgbk8d.png Fig. 8. Experimental results from a simulated analytical phantom containing 11 rings of varying width. (a) High resolution rendering of the phantom image, also used as ground truth image. (b)–(d) The inner rings become more visible as a increases. (e)–(h) Reconstructions of each proposed super-resolution approach, with (DART) and without (S-SIRT) prior knowledge. (i)–(l) For increasing values of a, plotting the relative Number of Misclassified Pixels (rNMP) in function of the widths of each ring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-experimental-results-from-simulated-analytical-16bh2gph.png Fig. 9. Experimental results from simulated analytical structures (a-d: Fig. 7; e-h: Fig. 7) with a varying thickness q. (a)–(c), (e)–(g) For different levels up upsampling, the rNMP of the objects with varying thickness as a function of the number of projection angles. After a certain point, additional projections offer no further accuracy improvements. This point is dependent on the thickness of the rings and on the level of upsampling. (d) and (h) The minimal Rp of the structures that can be reconstructed with rNMP <0.30 as a function of the projection count. Higher levels of upsampling clearly result in better resolution but to reach the point of “sufficient information”, more projections are required. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-results-for-a-real-mct-dataset-of-a-slice-through-a-19fn4v8w.png Fig. 17. Results for a real μCT dataset of a slice through a human mandible. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-results-for-a-real-mct-dataset-containing-a-7mxt04eh.png Fig. 18. Results for a real μCT dataset containing a polyurethane foam. (a) a = 1, S-SIRT. (b) a = 1, DART. (c) a = 1, DS, S-SIRT. (d) a = 4, DS, DART. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulated-phantom-images-projection-data-of-phantom-a-i8p75iho.png Fig. 10. Simulated phantom images. Projection data of phantom (a), (b) and (d) was generated from high resolution pixel images, based on actual reconstructions of rat femurs. The set of phantoms (c) were analytically defined and their projection data were also calculated analytically. (a) Bone 1 (binary). (b) Bone 2 (3 grey levels). (c) One of 20 foams (binary). (d) Bone 3 (3 grey levels, 3D). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-a-the-rnmp-in-function-of-the-standard-deviation-of-yzuqljjd.png Fig. 16. (a) The rNMP in function of the standard deviation of the normally distributed noise that was multiplied with the phantom image Fig. 10 prior to simulating the projection data. (b) The rNMP in function of the deviation on the correct grey level ρ during DART reconstructions of Fig. 10(c). https://scispace.com/papers/superconducting-properties-of-rapidly-quenched-and-heat-4g3mkjg79j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-critical-current-at-4-2degk-as-a-function-of-magnetic-1yntwtip.png Fig. 2. Critical current at 4.2°K as a function of magnetic field applied normal to the direction of current flow. The sample is a fully crystallized foil of Zr55v45 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-critical-current-of-as-quenched-and-heat-treated-zr-12kj7rr7.png TABLE II. Critical current of as-quenched and heat treated Zr-V foils. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-superconducting-transition-temperature-for-as-kuy3mx40.png TABLE I. Superconducting transition temperature for as-quenched Zr-Hf-V foils. https://scispace.com/papers/superconductivity-in-the-presence-of-strong-pauli-2ybleidu3b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-transition-temperatures-7-t-t-atb-0-0-5-and-1-t-as-336uis88.png TABLE I. Transition temperatures 7, ~, T, ", T atB =0, 0.5, and 1 T as obtained in repeated experiments. Also given are the reduced transiton temperatures t (i) Z 4) yT (() (0 ()) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-x-ray-photoemission-spectrum-of-the-c-1s-electrons-of-eiz4lfbr.png FIG. 1. X-ray photoemission spectrum of the C 1s electrons of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The solid line represents a least-squares fit to the data between the arrows {see text for details}. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-molar-specific-heat-of-cecuqsi2-at-b-0-as-function-of-2xhackrj.png FIG. 2. Molar specific heat of CeCuqSi2 at B =0 as function of temperature on logarithmic scale. Arrow marks transition temperature T, ~'=0.51+0.04 K. Transition width determined as in Fig. 1. Inset shows in a C/T vs T plot the specific-heat jumps of two other CeCu2Si2 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-resistivity-main-part-and-low-field-ac-susceptibility-da6gcr97.png FIG. 1. X-ray photoemission spectrum of the C 1s electrons of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The solid line represents a least-squares fit to the data between the arrows {see text for details}. https://scispace.com/papers/superconvergent-functional-estimates-from-summation-by-parts-1fe11ox5k9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1-contours-of-the-exact-solution-u-3tks6md9.png Fig. 5.1. Contours of the exact solution U . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-6-geometry-and-grid-topology-for-the-inviscid-vortex-oyw12qd7.png Fig. 5.6. Geometry and grid topology for the inviscid-vortex study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-4-convergence-rates-of-the-dual-consistent-and-dual-j97rjs4w.png Table 5.4 Convergence rates of the dual consistent and dual inconsistent functional estimates for the vortex-flow example. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2-dual-consistent-and-dual-inconsistent-functional-1uvbxts1.png Fig. 5.2. Dual consistent and dual inconsistent functional errors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3-contours-of-the-adjoint-variable-when-b-x-1-in-5-2-1qmcay4u.png Fig. 5.3. Contours of the adjoint variable when β(x) = 1 in (5.2). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-convergence-rates-of-functional-estimates-3p0hlj6n.png Table 5.2 Convergence rates of functional estimates corresponding to a nonsmooth adjoint variable. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1-variation-of-a-th-versus-n-for-second-third-and-30hwz6g1.png Fig. 3.1. Variation of ‖A−TH‖∞ versus n for second-, third-, and fourth-order diagonal-norm SBP operators (λ = 1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-comparison-of-the-convergence-rates-of-dual-2grq6tci.png Table 5.1 Comparison of the convergence rates of dual-consistent and dual-inconsistent functional estimates. https://scispace.com/papers/supercritical-fluid-chromatography-coupled-to-mass-2pixi5xw0d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-the-addition-of-ammonium-acetate-15-mmol-277lxw73.png Figure 1: Effect of the addition of ammonium acetate (15 mmol.L-1) on the peak shape of polar 1 compounds. Mix of 3 isomers of methylcytidines. Column Waters Acquity UPC² Torus 2-PIC 2 (150 mm x 2.1 mm x 1.7 µm), 150 bar, 30°C; Gradient 5 to 20% of co-solvent (MeOH) in 25 3 min; Flow rate 1.5mL.min-1. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-orders-of-magnitude-of-physical-properties-of-3djnribs.png Table 1: Orders of magnitude of physical properties of solvents in different states 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-representation-of-various-sfc-ms-3sxds41n.png Figure 4: Schematic representation of various SFC-MS interfacing configurations.32 (a) 1 Chromatographic column is connected directly to MS through a pressure restrictor heated at 2 its end, (b) same as in (a) but here the restrictor is heated at the beginning, (c) Full flow from 3 the column is first passed through a UV detector, and then is mixed with an organic solvent 4 delivered by a fixed-pressure pump, before being expanded to MS through a restrictor, (d) 5 here flow from the column is passed through an automated back-pressure regulator (ABPR) 6 before the MS and the flow is mixed with a make-up pump flow, either before or after the 7 ABPR, (e) here a part of the outlet from the column is directed towards an MS whereas the 8 other part is taken to an ABPR passing through a UV detector, (f) in this configuration, flow 9 from the column is first passed through a UV detector, and then is mixed with an organic 10 solvent delivered by a make-up pump. A part of the mixed stream is then taken to the MS and 11 the other part to an ABPR. 12 13 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-uhpsfc-esi-ms-extracted-ion-chromatogramms-in-jvpr0ki6.png Figure 5: UHPSFC/ESI-MS extracted ion chromatogramms in positive (a) and negative (b) ion 1 mode of the major peaks of the main classes of lipid detected in the extract of Nannochloropsis 2 microalgae. UHPSFC conditions: Torus DEA column (150 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm, Waters), the flow 3 rate 1 mL.min-1, the column temperature 60 °C, the ABPR pressure 130 bar and the gradient 4 of methanol−ethanol mixture (1:1, v/v) containing 20 mM of ammonium acetate as the 5 modifier: 0 min, 1%; 1.5 min, 4%; 2.5 to 5.5 min, 15%; 7.5 min, 30%; 8.5 to 15 min; 45%. 6 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-view-of-infinity-1260-sfc-system-agilent-2jcdlabv.png Figure 3: Schematic view of Infinity 1260 SFC system (Agilent Technologies) and its 1 hyphenation with mass spectrometry.7 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-extracted-ion-chromatogram-eic-of-eight-different-20bj0iep.png Figure 6: a) Extracted Ion Chromatogram (EIC) of eight different triglycerides detected in the 1 extract of Nannochloropsis microalgae. b) Extracted Mass spectrum between 0.87 min and 2 1.79 min. 3 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-spider-diagram-proposed-by-west-et-al-23-au1fbfa0.png Figure 2: Spider diagram proposed by West et al.23 representing a column classification based 1 on quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRRs). Testing conditions: CO2-MeOH 2 90:10 (v/v), 25 °C, 150 bar, 1 or 3 mL.min-1 depending on column dimension. Retention data 3 was measured for 85 neutral species with 31 columns. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/superconvergence-results-for-linear-triangular-elements-4r2mpfbuzt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fig-2-t7qshh5g.png Fig. 1 and 2, respectively, and let {t } be the standard basis functi https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-and-2-respectively-and-let-t-be-the-standard-basis-3p8foy9y.png Fig. 1 and 2, respectively, and let {t } be the standard basis functi https://scispace.com/papers/supernova-simulations-and-strategies-for-the-dark-energy-12fcbv9ghq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-plotted-are-the-redshift-distributions-for-the-2w5xtdvg.png Figure 20. Plotted are the redshift distributions for the projected DES SNIa and non-Ia SN samples assuming the 10-field hybrid strategy, the selection criteria in Table 6, and fp > 0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-average-maximum-signal-to-noise-for-sneia-in-a-9cbv4jaj.png Figure 8. Average maximum signal to noise for SNeIa in a given passband (SNRMAX) for the 10-field hybrid strategy as a function of redshift in the DES g, r, i, and z bands. Note that at higher redshifts, the points are affected by the selection criteria. The upper and lower panels show the result for the deep and shallow fields, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-type-ia-supernova-redshift-distributions-for-the-laxoqdvy.png Figure 6. Type Ia supernova redshift distributions for the DES 5-field hybrid strategy (see Table 3) for the various SNRMAX cuts indicated in the legend. The total number of simulated SNe passing each set of cuts, from top to bottom, is 5571, 4783, 3906, and 3047. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-core-collapse-supernova-redshift-distributions-for-2v2vtb4j.png Figure 7. Core-collapse supernova redshift distributions for the DES 5-field hybrid strategy (see Table 3) for the various SNRMAX cuts indicated in the legend. The total number of simulated SNe passing each set of cuts, from top to bottom, is 3458, 2462, 1785, and 1112. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-plotted-from-top-to-bottom-is-the-efficiency-due-3kib9cuv.png Figure 15. Plotted from top to bottom is the efficiency due to the selection cuts discussed in Section 3.1 as a function of the extinction parameter, AV, for the DES deep and shallow fields assuming the 5-field hybrid strategy. The efficiencies were calculated to an accuracy of 1% for a given redshift and value of Δ, AV, and RV. The vertical error bars show the range in efficiency for an extreme variation in RV from 0.5 to 4.00 in a given AV bin. For the purposes of this plot, the epoch cuts were disabled. This was done in order to show the efficiencies without edge effects, which reduce the peak efficiencies by approximately 10%–15% for the cases in the top three panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-average-des-g-z-color-difference-vs-phase-assuming-1r5fotx8.png Figure 21. Average DES g− z color difference vs. phase assuming the 5-field hybrid strategy for a simulation with RV = 2.69 and τAV = 0.25, as compared with the reference simulation with RV = 2.18 and τAV = 0.334. Error bars are the error on the mean color difference. The solid, horizontal line above zero shows the fitted average g− z color difference for phase <+11 days. Note that since the quantity plotted is a difference between colors, the errors, which are the quadrature sum of the errors on the mean of each color, are correspondingly large. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-average-des-g-z-color-difference-assuming-the-5-2gvuss0m.png Figure 22. Average DES g− z color difference assuming the 5-field hybrid strategy for phase <+11 days compared with the reference simulation with RV = 2.18 and τAV = 0.334 as a function of RV and for a range of τAV . Error bars are the error on the mean color difference. Note the isolated points for τAV = 0.28 and 0.39. We use these points to set the values of the 1σ errors in RV and τAV to be 0.38 and 0.06, respectively. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-des-footprint-the-white-squares-indicate-the-2zixodzi.png Figure 1. DES footprint. The white squares indicate the locations of our current choice of five SN fields (see Section 3.1). For the survey strategies considered in this analysis with additional shallow fields, those fields are placed next to these five fields. The size of the squares as shown is much larger than the 3 deg2 field of view of DECam in order to make them easier to see in this figure. The scale shows the log of r band (as defined in Section 3.1) Galactic extinction in magnitudes. https://scispace.com/papers/superposed-folding-resulting-from-inversion-of-a-synrift-43m2u60k5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-inversion-of-a-synrift-accommodation-zone-a-by-18q9wlj4.png Figure 8. The inversion of a synrift accommodation zone (a) by margin-normal shortening created first folds (F1) that are oriented parallel to preexisting ramps and down-to-the-basin normal faults (b). Continued compression across the accommodation zone results in the interference of the first F1 folds and the formation of F2 folding (c). S1 = principal stress component; maximum principal stress. https://scispace.com/papers/supplementary-insurance-with-ex-post-moral-hazard-efficiency-4ebr1j2l9p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-amount-of-treatment-in-first-best-and-in-full-1y09bg8e.png Figure 2: the amount of treatment in first-best and in full-insurance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-efficient-quantity-of-treatment-and-the-second-1vdqd5e7.png Figure 1: the efficient quantity of treatment and the second-best contract. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-utilitarian-optimum-with-heterogeneous-29n59aku.png Figure 4: the utilitarian optimum with heterogeneous consumers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lottery-l-192bd6uf.png Figure 3: lottery L https://scispace.com/papers/supervisory-control-of-robot-swarms-using-public-events-69994dno6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-structure-of-packages-to-transmit-public-events-1a8glz5q.png Fig. 5. Structure of packages to transmit public events. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-sequence-of-nine-superimposed-snapshots-taken-during-a-2vprkd88.png Fig. 6. Sequence of nine (superimposed) snapshots taken during a period of 3.2 s from one of the ten trials in which five e-pucks performed synchronous movements while avoiding collisions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-communication-reliability-a-number-of-message-2b1zbdk2.png Fig. 7. Communication reliability: (a) Number of message transmission attempts by the hub to the robots. (b) Failure rate. The thick black dashed line indicates the mean, each other colour is a trial. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-free-behaviour-models-for-random-movement-with-3vxwh7ms.png Fig. 1. Free behaviour models for random movement with collision avoidance. G1 (left) represents the movement, G2 (right) represents the sensing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-control-specification-e1-for-random-movement-with-1gc1fy3b.png Fig. 2. Control specification, E1, for random movement with collision avoidance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-events-used-in-the-synchronous-movement-case-study-15njbq1d.png TABLE I EVENTS USED IN THE SYNCHRONOUS MOVEMENT CASE STUDY. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-additional-free-behaviour-models-for-synchronous-21jf7eqe.png Fig. 3. Additional free behaviour models for synchronous movement, representing the ability to choose a movement (a), receive a choice made by another robot (b), and a timer (c). Public controllable and public uncontrollable events are shown in blue and red, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-events-used-in-each-generator-5dnjvzzd.png TABLE II EVENTS USED IN EACH GENERATOR. https://scispace.com/papers/supervision-and-motion-planning-for-a-mobile-manipulator-322227fhlc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-of-two-communication-schemes-r-robot-h-o0g4uinh.png Figure 5: Example of two communication schemes (R:Robot, H:Human realizing the act) currently implemented. The one on the left can typically be used for joint tasks when the robot has the task initiative. The one on the right has no explicit communication, it is used for individual autonomous tasks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-jido-a-mobile-manipulator-robot-1y0pfsdi.png Figure 1: Jido - a mobile manipulator robot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-architecture-dedicated-to-humanrobot-interaction-3s6nf9pi.png Figure 2: An architecture dedicated to HumanRobot interaction : An Agenda maintains an overall view of on-going, suspended and future tasks,fact database include robot’s world knowledge and robot’s knowledge concerning other agents, Shary ensure multi-level collaborative tasks achievement with the help of resources: planning system and communication scheme. The functional level is composed of many modules interacting with decisional and hardware level. These modules processes the data acquired from robot sensors and accomplish tasks given by decisional level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-general-description-of-shary-at-a-given-task-level-3vnmku79.png Figure 7: General Description of Shary (at a given task level inside a hierarchy of tasks) : when the task is created, communication scheme associated to the task is instanciated according to the task, the context and concerned agent = Adapted Scheme . This scheme gives the first act to execute. Recipe corresponding to that act (precisely to this act X task) is instanciated by the help of a recipes library : Recipe. During Act Execution, communication and execution monitoring is done through wait on Expected Acts. When a monitor is triggered Incoming Act, i.e. when a expected act happend, current act is stopped and the answer is instanciated given the communication scheme Next Act. And so on... https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bring-object-task-execution-2sn2b0nx.png Figure 8: Bring Object task execution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-objects-path-is-calculated-as-it-is-a-freeflying-1vbxdym6.png Figure 4: Objects path is calculated as it is a freeflying body. Robot arm is adapted to object motion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-give-object-task-decomposition-tasks-written-in-1kdze7i5.png Figure 6: Give Object task decomposition. Tasks written in italic are atomic tasks; they communicate directly with the robot functional layer https://scispace.com/papers/supplier-buyer-proximity-and-production-to-order-choice-s1zxjlfogc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-determinants-of-production-to-order-1dxvdpx0.png Table 5: The determinants of production to order: Supplementary regressions and sensitivity of results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-plot-of-the-latent-variable-p-when-z-0-3ckyiduq.png Figure 1: The plot of the latent variable π when z = 0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-plot-of-the-latent-variable-p-when-z-z-2lmsbc11.png Figure 2: The plot of the latent variable π when z > z̃ https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-firms-producing-to-order-and-status-of-3prt87sz.png Table 1: Number of firms producing to order, and status of firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-firms-producing-to-order-mainly-for-1l1glgan.png Table 2: Number of firms producing to order mainly for foreign buyers (in value terms), and status of firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-production-to-order-by-contractual-intensity-in-1lbipr3t.png Table 3: Production to order by contractual intensity in downstream markets https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-determinants-of-production-to-order-baseline-excnq7mo.png Table 4: The determinants of production to order: Baseline estimation https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-location-based-approximate-keyword-queries-577stps8tj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-query-time-by-index-construction-method-2ove2s08.png Figure 8: Query time by index-construction method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-query-time-with-increasing-space-budget-for-2totpleb.png Figure 9: Query time with increasing space budget for approximate indexes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-data-showing-linear-growth-in-lookup-12ldh168.png Table 1: Experimental data showing linear growth in lookup-time with size of an approximate index. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-improved-lbak-tree-exploiting-the-skewed-frequency-19pjy5bq.png Figure 4: Improved LBAK-tree exploiting the skewed frequency distribution of keywords. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-index-size-and-query-time-with-varying-number-of-3k7ya6sz.png Figure 11: Index size and query time with varying number of indexed objects on Business. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-index-size-and-query-time-with-varying-numbers-of-1bl3anle.png Figure 10: Index size and query time with varying numbers of indexed objects on CoPhIR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-lbak-tree-with-approximate-indexes-at-one-level-1teqav3k.png Figure 1: The LBAK-tree with approximate indexes at one level, and nodes enhanced with keywords. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-exemplary-portion-of-an-lbak-tree-with-approximate-1zdqf85g.png Figure 2: Exemplary portion of an LBAK-tree with approximate indexes at a fixed level. https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-urban-consolidation-centres-with-urban-freight-2w1t5tqtmr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-interviewees-for-the-case-studies-2f8uwv2k.png Table 1. List of interviewees for the case studies https://scispace.com/papers/supporting-security-and-consistency-for-cloud-database-3ei796ipno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-novel-proxy-less-architecture-with-encrypted-23q7cs5n.png Fig. 3. The novel proxy-less architecture with encrypted metadata in the cloud https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-metadata-structure-2tx72bf7.png Fig. 4. Metadata structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-proxy-based-architecture-5q86ts58.png Fig. 1. A proxy-based architecture https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notation-for-transactions-and-sql-queries-17mtkppb.png Table 1. Notation for transactions and SQL queries https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-proxy-less-architecture-with-metadata-in-the-clients-p2xv66c4.png Fig. 2. A proxy-less architecture with metadata in the clients https://scispace.com/papers/supramolecular-fullerene-porphyrin-chemistry-fullerene-4hje9rldsj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-c60-13c-nmr-data-on-m2-jawsp-c60-in-toluene-2vpwnkxf.png Table 1. C60 13C NMR Data on M2(JawsP)‚C60 in Toluene https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-perspective-drawing-of-the-crystal-structure-of-h4-aim8qpjh.png Figure 4. Perspective drawing of the crystal structure of H4(JawsP)‚2C70 showing C70 complexed within, and cocrystallized outside, the free-base jaws porphyrin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variable-temperature13c-nmr-spectrum-of-a-1-3-2hs0swgo.png Figure 5. Variable temperature13C NMR spectrum of a 1:3 mixture of Pd2(JawsP) and C60. The asterisk marks solvent peaks (toluene). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variable-temperature13c-nmr-spectra-of-co2-jawsp-3d6s4vbe.png Figure 7. Variable temperature13C NMR spectra of Co2(JawsP) and C60 at (a) 2:1 mole ratio and (b) 2:3 mole ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-jaws-porphyrin-hosts-and-the-18xbr2nd.png Figure 1. Representative “jaws porphyrin” hosts and the calculated structures of their C60 host-guest complexes. From left to right: H4JawsP′′, H4JawsP′, and H4JawsP. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-perspective-drawing-of-the-crystal-structure-of-the-uzza0oim.png Figure 3. Perspective drawing of the crystal structure of the complex of N-methylpyrrolidine-functionalized C60 with free-base jaws porphyrin showing the pairing common to all C60 structures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-perspective-drawing-of-the-crystal-structure-of-cu2-1afi3y1e.png Figure 2. Perspective drawing of the crystal structure of Cu2(JawsP)‚C60. A pair of trans3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl substituents on each porphyrin have been omitted for clarity. Thermal ellipsoids are shown at 50% level. https://scispace.com/papers/suprathermal-electron-dynamics-and-mhd-instabilities-in-a-4zenokhy48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-time-evolution-of-the-hxr-count-rate-in-the-2e1zzotz.png Figure 4. Time evolution of the HXR count rate in the tangential chords 3 (co-Ip view on plasma center), 6 (co-view on HFS wall), 19 (counter-Ip view on HFS wall), 22 (cnt-view on plasma center) and 25 (blind detector; background) in the co-ECCD discharge 43205. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-evolution-of-the-emission-center-1st-moment-in-r-5j1w8bod.png Figure 14. Evolution of the emission center (1st moment) in R and z direction during a mode period in discharge 49501; obtained from tomographic inversion of X-ray emission in the poloidal plane in 4 energy bins at several times in a mode period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-density-and-te-profiles-left-ray-tracing-middle-3edmeo4k.png Figure 12. Density and Te profiles (left), ray-tracing (middle) and RF absorption and current profiles in the bursty mode ECCD discharge 49315. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-evolution-of-the-bursty-mode-in-the-scenario-with-6b4u50wa.png Figure 13. Evolution of the bursty mode in the scenario with slightly off-axis ECCD: the main SXR emission is shown in topos and chronos 1 (top), and the m = 1 mode is represented by the topos-chronos pair 4 (middle). The red and green areas indicate sawtooth crashes and mode bursts, respectively. The spectrogram of chronos 4 (bottom) shows the frequency evolution of the mode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-evolution-of-the-hxr-count-rate-in-the-1l3wjsbl.png Figure 5. Time evolution of the HXR count rate in the tangential chords 3 (co-Ip view on plasma center), 6 (co-view on HFS wall), 19 (counter-Ip view on HFS wall), 22 (cnt-view on plasma center) and 25 (blind detector; background) in the cnt-ECCD discharge 43206. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-evolution-of-one-bursty-mode-period-in-the-286mv967.png Figure 11. The evolution of one bursty mode period in the ECRH scenario on the poloidal Mirnov coil array (left), obtained with conditional averaging at time points from peak detection in SVD chronos from GTI XTOMO, shows the m = 2 component. The subtraction of m = 1 from the GTI XTOMO SVD topos (right) reveals this m = 2 component also in the SXR data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-bursty-mode-evolution-in-the-svd-of-the-mirnov-f2vnq428.png Figure 10. Bursty mode evolution in the SVD of the Mirnov coil (magnetic probe) arrays in scenario T. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-the-bursty-mode-in-the-scenario-with-2i439a1t.png Figure 9. Evolution of the bursty mode in the scenario with pure ECRH: the main SXR emission is shown in topos and chronos 1 (top), and the m = 1 mode is represented by the topos-chronos pair 4 (middle). The red and green areas indicate sawtooth crashes and mode bursts, respectively. The spectrogram of chronos 4 (bottom) shows the frequency evolution of the mode. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-changes-on-io-during-the-galileo-mission-ehcykitq0z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-2qx5lno0.png Table 2 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-surface-changes-at-ra-violet-filter-images-new-yellow-e180tf9s.png Fig. 19. Surface changes at Ra: violet filter images. New yellow deposits emplaced between orbits G1 and E6 appear dark in this filter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-surface-changes-at-dazhbog-green-filter-images-the-djn7iurd.png Fig. 18. Surface changes at Dazhbog: green filter images. The darkening of thecen ral patera and emplacement of the giant ring are apparent even in thee low resolution images. See also Fig. 21 and color Plate 1, part H. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-surface-changes-at-thor-green-filter-images-the-bright-x221j9kq.png Fig. 8. Surface changes at Thor: green filter images. The bright deposits at Thor are the largest in their class, reaching nearly 300 km from the sont. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-surface-changes-at-arinna-violet-filter-images-arrows-1idrh7uj.png Fig. 9. Surface changes at Arinna: violet filter images. Arrows point out partial ringsof dark (red) pyroclastic materials deposited during three minor eruptions. See also color Plate 1, part B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-surface-changes-at-marduk-and-dorian-violet-fi-ter-3uu5didu.png Fig. 14. Surface changes at Marduk and Dorian: violet fi ter images. Changes in the vague ring around Marduk and in the red pyroclastic deposits southeast of the vent were evident early in the Galileo Mission. Later, bright materials were emplaced around the Dorian Montes mountains that partially covered th older red deposits. See also color Plate 1, part D. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-histogram-of-radii-of-plume-deposit-rings-3gluhpvc.png Fig. 22. Histogram of radii of plume deposit rings. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-changes-south-of-karei-green-filter-images-l8mzc8d0.png Fig. 1. Surface changes south of Karei: green filter images. Shortly before orbit C21, a giant plume from an unnamed patera emplaced a faint ring that measured 1400 km in diameter. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-complexation-of-cu-on-birnessite-d-mno2-controls-on-k07fo6ixn0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-surface-complexation-modelling-parameters-2iz06eom.png Table 2: Surface complexation modelling parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cu-coordination-environment-from-fits-to-cu-k-edge-2sjwtbz0.png Table 1: Cu coordination environment from fits to Cu K-edge EXAFS spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimized-geometry-of-cu-surface-complex-over-a-jyhwjrtx.png FIGURE 4: Optimized geometry of Cu surface complex over a vacancy site on birnessite 577 calculated using density functional theory a) view down z-axis b) view down x-axis c) close-578 up viewed down the, z-axis showing Cu-O and Cu-Mn distances. Note that oxygens 579 surrounding the vacancy site are protonated unless bonded to Cu. 580 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-optimized-geometry-of-cluster-corresponding-to-cu-2rr9uhlx.png FIGURE 5: Optimized geometry of cluster corresponding to Cu occupying a vacancy site. 582 This is the minimum energy structure if all of the the oxygens surrounding the vacancy are 583 deprotonated . 584 585 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-clusters-used-to-model-the-exafs-of-cu-on-qxjya98w.png FIGURE 3: Clusters used to model the EXAFS of Cu on birnessite a) cluster with pseudo-C3v 572 symmetry to model Cu as a surface complex over the vacancy b) cluster with pseudo-C2v 573 symmetry to model Cu occupying a vacancy site. The distances were obtained by fitting to 574 the EXAFS spectra. 575 576 https://scispace.com/papers/surface-ece-mechanism-in-protein-film-voltammetry-a-3kf6eq5j4n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-case-a-e-oc-d-e-oa-b-effect-of-the-kinetics-of-the-2rv2dyze.png Fig. 4 Case A, E oC=D E oA=B. Effect of the kinetics of the first redox step to the features of the theoretical SW voltammograms. The value of K2=0.1, while the chemical parameter wasλl=0.1. The voltammograms in b are simulated for a simple surface redox reaction. The potential step was ΔE=4 mV, while the other simulation parameters were same as those in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-case-a-e-oc-d-e-oa-b-effect-of-the-kinetics-of-the-1uqbiqvr.png Fig. 3 Case A, E oC=D E oA=B. Effect of the kinetics of the second redox step to the features of the SW voltammograms.K2=0.0001 (1), 0.001 (2), 0.01 (3), 0.025 (4), and 0.05 (5). The value was K1=0.1, while the chemical parameter wasλl=0.1. The potential step was ΔE=4 mV, while the other simulation parameters were same as those in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-case-a-e-oc-d-e-oa-b-effect-of-the-kinetics-of-the-6e999i95.png Fig. 5 Case A, E oC=D E oA=B. Effect of the kinetics of the chemical reaction to the features of the theoretical SW voltammograms in case when the kinetics of the both redox step are very fast. The value ofK1=5, K2=5, while the values of the chemical parameters are given in the legends. The potential step was ΔE=4 mV, while the other simulation parameters were same as those in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-case-b-e-oc-d-e-oa-b-90-mv-effect-of-the-chemical-23i40kt5.png Fig. 6 Case B, E oC=D E oA=B≤−90 mV. Effect of the chemical parameter to the features of theoretial SW voltammograms in situation where E oC=D E oA=B=−150 mV. The value of the kinetic parameters were K1=0.1 and K2=0.1, while the values of the chemical parameter λ=0.000001 (1), 0.005 (2), 0.02 (3), and 10 (4). The potential step was ΔE=4 mV, while the other simulation parameters were same as those in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-case-b-e-oc-d-e-oa-b-90-mv-effect-of-the-chemical-3ldzwihs.png Fig. 8 Case B, E oC=D E oA=B≤−90 mV. Effect of the chemical kinetic parameterλl to the features of the theoretical SW voltammograms in case when the kinetics of the first redox step is very fast. E oC=D E oA=B= −150 mV, K1=5, K2=0.1, while other simulations parameters were same as those in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-case-b-e-oc-d-e-oa-b-90-mv-effect-of-the-kinetics-of-3obu37fd.png Fig. 7 Case B, E oC=D E oA=B≤−90 mV. Effect of the kinetics of both redox steps to the features of the theoretical SW voltammograms, in the case where E oC=D E oA=B=−150 mV. The value of the chemical parameter was λ=0.1, ΔE=4 mV, while other simulations parameters were same as those in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-case-b-e-oc-d-e-oa-b-90-mv-the-effect-of-the-chemical-1lsvz765.png Fig. 10 Case B, E oC=D E oA=B≤−90 mV. The effect of the chemical kinetic parameterλl to the peak current of the second reduction step. The value of the electron transfer coefficient of the second step was α2=0.3 (1), 0.5 (2), and 0.7 (3). E oC=D E oA=B=−150 mV, while the other simulation parameters were same as those in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effect-of-the-chemical-kinetic-parameter-l-to-the-1vxabxg7.png Fig. 9 Effect of the chemical kinetic parameter ∴*λ to the phenomenon of quasireversible maximum recorded for the first reduction step on the log(K1). λ=0.0001 (1), 0.005 (2), 0.1 (3), and 10 (4). The other simulation parameters were same as those in Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/surface-modification-for-osseointegration-of-ti6al4v-eli-20kkjqjkpq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-input-parameters-and-results-of-pmedm-3c8boxby.png Table 9. Input parameters and results of PMEDM experimentation https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-anova-of-surface-roughness-and-recast-layer-lod1kgjb.png Table 10. ANOVA of surface roughness and recast layer thickness obtained by PMEDM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-diagram-of-edm-machine-1rre3qjl.png Figure 1. Schematic diagram of EDM machine. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sem-micrographs-showing-nano-porosities-of-modified-186qrl2j.png Figure 6. SEM micrographs showing nano-porosities of modified surface at IP 5A TON 50μSec with SiC powder mixed as concentration of (a) 5g/l (b) 10g/l (c) 20g/l at 10000x magnification The improved nano-surface morphology increases hydrophilicity which favorably improve osseointegration (Lang et al., 2011). Overall microscale surface roughness and nanoscale surface topography improve osseointegration (Umar Farooq et al., 2020). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-micro-hardness-of-machined-samples-at-different-2of8dsra.png Figure 9. Micro hardness of machined samples at different powder concentrations and IP 5A, TON 50μSec. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-elemental-composition-of-workpiece-15g2edec.png Table 1. Elemental composition of workpiece. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-properties-of-sic-powder-opoz-et-al-2018-1gra3om0.png Table 4. Properties of SiC powder (Öpöz et al., 2018). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mechanical-electrical-and-thermal-properties-of-2snkkclk.png Table 2. Mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of Ti6Al4V ELI (AZOM Materials, 2020). https://scispace.com/papers/surface-modification-of-field-emission-cathodes-made-of-nrujt4trwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-plasmon-peaks-positions-for-samples-4-1wsgbj0u.png Table 1 Plasmon peaks positions for samples [4]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-b-1500-plasmon-losses-spectrum-a-flip-side-s2-b-3dbyd2zf.png Figure 4 B-1500 plasmon losses spectrum: (A) flip side (S2), (B) active side (S1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-b-1900-c-1s-line-a-flip-side-s2-asymmetry-index-0-rd6rmz1l.png Figure 3 B-1900 C 1s-line: (A) flip side (S2), asymmetry index 0.08; (B) active side (S1), asymmetry index 0.28. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-b-1300-survey-spectrum-black-thick-line-active-side-1dg3znmj.png Figure 2 B-1300 survey spectrum: black thick line – active side S1, red thin line – flip side S2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shift-of-the-position-auger-line-ikprbmc6.png Table 2 Shift of the position Auger-line https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-derivatives-of-auger-line-for-b-1500-sample-black-1qv67doe.png Figure 5 Derivatives of Auger-line for B-1500 sample: black solid line: active side (S1), red dashed line: flip side (S2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-valence-band-spectra-of-b-1500-a-flip-side-s2-b-br0og0r3.png Figure 7 Valence band spectra of B-1500: (A) flip side (S2), (B) active side (S1) after Ar ions exposure. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-properties-of-licoo2-investigated-by-xps-analyses-25lu8yd0bz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-atomic-net-charges-resulting-from-a-mulliken-29syvxxn.png TABLE 6: Atomic Net Charges Resulting from a Mulliken Population Analysis for the Bulk and Both Surfaces Studied https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-geometric-parameters-of-unrelaxed-and-relaxed-1-1-0-2v0bytl7.png TABLE 4: Geometric Parameters of Unrelaxed and Relaxed (1 1 0) Slabs of LiCoO2a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-view-of-the-surfaces-studied-the-li-atoms-bsx7siyd.png Figure 3. Schematic view of the surfaces studied. The Li atoms are denoted as black circles, and Co and O as small light and large dark gray circles, respectively. (a) (0 0 1) surface (8-monolayer model). (b) (1 1 0) surface (8-monolayer model). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geometric-parameters-of-unrelaxed-and-relaxed-0-0-1-3qamrsj0.png TABLE 3: Geometric Parameters of Unrelaxed and Relaxed (0 0 1) Slabs of LiCoO2a https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-surface-energies-for-the-surface-studied-2u8z7mee.png TABLE 5: Surface Energies for the Surface Studied https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-exponents-bohr-2-and-contraction-coefficients-of-the-2aqsn0ri.png TABLE 1: Exponents (bohr-2) and Contraction Coefficients of the (Individually Normalized) Gaussian Functions Adopted for Lithium (All Electron), Cobalt (Hay-Wadt Large Core Pseudopotential) and Oxygen (Durand and Barthelat Effective Core Pseudopotential)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-optimized-lattice-constants-of-licoo2-compared-to-21qj6tuk.png TABLE 2: Optimized Lattice Constants of LiCoO2 Compared to Experimental Values7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-co-2p-and-o-1s-core-peaks-and-the-valence-band-of-2s6ogt69.png Figure 4. Co 2p and O 1s core peaks and the valence band of lithium-overstoichiometric material. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-plasmon-polaritons-in-a-lattice-of-metal-cylinders-1vls90ort3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-density-of-states-ni-for-h-polarized-electromagnetic-1my83nyj.png FIG. 4. Density of states nI for H-polarized electromagnetic waves in a square array of Drude cylinders in vacuum, with r̃ =1.0 f =0.08 , wave vector k̃= 0.001,0 , and varying mmax: 1 thin solid line , 2 stippled line , 3 dotted line , and 4 thick solid line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-density-of-states-ni-for-h-polarized-electromagnetic-8haz57a7.png FIG. 3. Density of states nI for H-polarized electromagnetic waves in a square array of Drude cylinders in vacuum, with r̃ =1.0 f =0.08 , mmax=4, k̃y =0, and varying k̃x: 0.001 thick solid line , 0.05 thin solid line , and 0.1 dotted line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-e-polarization-band-structure-as-a-function-of-kx-with-1ydt2z5k.png FIG. 2. E-polarization band structure as a function of k̃x with k̃y =0 , for cylinders of radius r̃=0.5, 2.0, and touching cylinders ; the corresponding filling fractions f are 0.02, 0.32, and 0.79, respectively. The solid circles represent the band structure that we have obtained from the peaks in our calculated density of states nI . The solid lines correspond to a homogeneous electron gas with the reduced plasma frequency f p. The dashed line is the light line, =ck. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-density-of-states-ni-for-e-polarized-electromagnetic-3v89vcuh.png FIG. 1. Density of states nI for E-polarized electromagnetic waves in a square array of Drude cylinders in vacuum, with r̃ =0.5 f =0.02 . Different curves correspond to increasing values of k̃x, from 0.001 to 0.1 with k̃y =0 . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-convergence-test-for-h-polarized-electromagnetic-2448idrw.png TABLE I. Convergence test for H-polarized electromagnetic waves in a square array or Drude cylinders in vacuum with ̄p=1, r̃=1.885. Upper table: frequencies of bands at k̃x=0.05, k̃y =0 with 121 and 241 basis functions, compared with FDTD results of Ito and Sakoda Ref. 12 . Lower table: the same for k̃x=0.5, k̃y =0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-as-in-fig-7-but-now-for-touching-cylinders-of-radius-r-2jqlp3n8.png FIG. 9. As in Fig. 7, but now for touching cylinders of radius r̃= f =0.79 . mmax=12, and although the band edges have converged, the individual bands have not. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-density-of-states-ni-for-h-polarized-electromagnetic-2po5zdra.png FIG. 5. Density of states nI for H-polarized electromagnetic waves in a square array of Drude cylinders in vacuum, with r̃ =2.62 f =0.55 , wave vector k̃= 0.001,0 , and varying mmax: 1 thin solid line , 6 stippled line , 10 dotted line , and 12 thick solid line . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-as-in-fig-7-but-now-for-cylinders-of-radius-r-2-0-f-0-lklgo4s1.png FIG. 8. As in Fig. 7, but now for cylinders of radius r̃=2.0 f =0.32 . This is converged in mmax. https://scispace.com/papers/surface-tension-and-density-of-fe-mn-melts-w1jq2ctrdt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-polytherms-of-surface-tension-a-polytherms-of-density-3ls8p8p9.png Fig. 1. Polytherms of surface tension (a); polytherms of density (б); dependence of fluidity (1/ν) on density (в); polytherms of the ratio ν/σ (г) of Fe – Mn melts containing 4, 6, 8, 10, 13 wt. % of Mn: https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physicochemical-properties-of-fe-mn-melts-used-for-2zvab0lr.png Table 1. Physicochemical properties of Fe – Mn melts used for correlation with surface tension https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dependence-of-surface-tension-a-and-density-b-of-fe-mn-buogyq23.png Fig. 2. Dependence of surface tension (a) and density (б) of Fe – Mn melts on their composition: https://scispace.com/papers/surface-roughness-affects-early-stages-of-silica-scale-7oxcs0qemo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-feg-sem-microphotographs-of-the-opal-opa-surface-a-1xm532jw.png Figure 2: FEG-SEM microphotographs of the opal (OPA) surface (A) before deployment 200 (scratches on the surface highlighted with arrows in the bottom half of the photograph), (B) 201 after 1 day, (C) after 2 weeks, (D) after 10 weeks and (E) two scratches (highlighted with 202 arrows) acting as preferential nucleation sites as well as a conchoidal fracture enhancing the 203 deposition of silica microspheres (1 day deployment). All microphotographs are from 204 samples deployed at Location B. 205 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-photograph-a-and-feg-sem-microphotographs-b-and-c-zpsvpd5c.png Figure 5: Photograph (A) and FEG-SEM microphotographs (B and C) of the 3D structures 274 formed along the edge oriented towards the flow (flow direction indicated by arrows) by 275 deposition of silica microspheres from the liquid and subsequent cementation by dissolved 276 silica. Close to the plate, continued cementation by dissolved silica has densified the 277 aggregates (I). The edge of the 3D structures consists of only weakly cemented aggregates of 278 silica spheres (II), giving the outermost rim of the 3D structures a lighter colour. 279 Photographs are from the 4-week sample deployed at Location A. 280 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-system-schematic-of-the-hellisheidi-1cg8fron.png Figure 1: Simplified system schematic of the Hellisheiði power plant (steam sep. = steam 119 separator, steam cond. = steam condenser, heat exch. = heat exchanger) showing the two 120 sampling locations (A), the deployment set-up (B & C) and photographs of the scaling plates 121 before deployment (C & D). VG = volcanic glass, OPA = non-precious opal and S275 = 122 carbon steel). 123 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-and-standard-deviation-of-temperature-flow-1a6y411n.png Table 2: Average and standard deviation of temperature, flow rate and composition of the 174 separated water for Locations A and B (from van den Heuvel et al., 2018). 175 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-homogeneous-and-heterogeneous-deposition-of-silica-p7qxtj2i.png Figure 7: Homogeneous and heterogeneous deposition of silica in the presence of (A) a 454 smooth surface and (B) a rough surface. On the rough surface, no preferential nucleation or 455 particle deposition was observed. On smooth surfaces on the other hand, vesicles (1) and 456 superficial scratches (2) acted as preferred nucleation and deposition sites. Homogeneously 457 nucleated silica particles were also deposited along the edge pointing towards the flow (3) 458 where they from 3D structures. 459 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-feg-sem-microphotographs-of-the-carbon-steel-s275-334kpw25.png Figure 4: FEG-SEM microphotographs of the carbon steel (S275) surface (A) before 231 deployment, (B) after 1 day, (C) after 2 weeks, (D) after 10 weeks and (E) close-up of Fe-232 sulphides (= corrosion products, from van den Heuvel et al., 2016). All microphotographs 233 are from samples deployed at Location B. 234 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compositions-of-the-three-types-of-coupons-used-in-2bkoc5kp.png Table 1: Compositions of the three types of coupons used in this study. 143 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-size-of-the-individual-half-1pf8pq5v.png Figure 6: Evolution of the size of the individual half-spheres as a function of time (2 weeks 312 indicated by dashed line) at Location A (left) and B (right) for all surfaces. The data points 313 correspond to the average sizes while the bars indicate the size range from the smallest to the 314 largest half-sphere measured. The stainless steel data are from van den Heuvel et al. (2018). 315 https://scispace.com/papers/surface-renewal-performance-to-independently-estimate-1hfmovujrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-between-eddy-covariance-sensible-and-18vwafon.png Table 4. Comparison between eddy covariance sensible and latent heat fluxes (HEC and LEEC) and the 2  corresponding fluxes derived by the surface renewal method in two peach maturing types: a) following 3  Castellvi et al., (2006, 2008) (HSRCas and LESRCas); b) following Shapland et al. (2012a, b) (HSRShap and 4  LESRShap). HEC and LEEC were considered as independent variable (x) for regression analysis. b1, 5  regression slope; b0, regression intercept; R2, coefficient of determination; RMSE, root mean square 6  error; D, ratio of total sums (Σy/Σx); N, number of values available; Var., variable. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-energy-balance-closure-performance-for-the-a-eddy-2dn133hu.png Table 5. Energy balance closure performance for the a) eddy covariance (subscrpits ´EC´), b) surface 2  renewal following Castellvi et al., (2006, 2008) (subscripts ´SRCas´) and c) surface renewal following 3  Shapland et al. (2012a, b) (subscripts ´SRShap´) estimated fluxes at two different peach maturing type 4  spots. Available energy (Rn-G) was considered as independent variable (x) to be compared to the 5  sum of turbulent fluxes (H+LE) variable (y) in regression analysis. b1, regression slope; b0, regression 6  intercept; R2, coefficient of determination; RMSE, root mean square error; D, ratio of total sums 7  (Σy/Σx); N, number of values available; Var., variable. 8  9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-monthly-irrigation-and-precipitation-amounts-during-ybi5uc3b.png Table 1. Monthly irrigation and precipitation amounts during the measurement 2  periods. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phenology-of-the-studied-peach-cultivar-types-2-23vg8av4.png Table 2. Phenology of the studied peach cultivar types. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-general-mean-monthly-meteorological-conditions-2xgziy51.png Table 3. General mean monthly meteorological conditions within the experimental period 2  recorded at the two measurement spots, late maturing (ST1) and early maturing (ST2) 3  peaches: T, air temperature; VPD, air vapor pressure deficit; WV, wind velocity. 4 https://scispace.com/papers/surface-termination-dependent-work-function-and-electronic-46higww4li 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-secondary-electron-cut-off-seco-spectra-of-2wz4or8u.png Figure 5: a) Secondary electron cut-off (SECO) spectra of Ti3C2Tx for different annealing temperatures. b) Work function values determined from the SECOs in a) as a function of annealing temperature. Work functions obtained from DFT for different surface terminations, calculated by using the real surface stoichiometry obtained from XPS (blue), and obtained by averaging the work functions of purely terminated Ti3C2O2, Ti3C2F2, Ti3C2OH2 and Ti3C2 surfaces, weighted by the experimentally determined stoichiometry (red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-ups-valence-band-spectra-of-ti3c2f0-8o0-8-solid-181r22hz.png Figure 3: a) UPS valence band spectra of Ti3C2F0.8O0.8 (solid lines) and Ti3C2F0.2O0.8 (dashed lines) for different k|| and angle integrated. Dispersion can be observed between 1 and 3 eV binding energy. b) and c) show the calculated total DOS for Ti3C2F2 and Ti3C2O2 terminations at different adsorption sites. Arrows indicate the correlations between calculations and experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-illustration-of-the-different-adsorption-1g8nkkdd.png Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the different adsorption sites of Ti3C2Tx considered for the DFT calculations in this work. a) Top view and side views of b) A (FCC) adsorption site (on top of Ti atom in the third atomic layer), c) B (HCP) adsorption site (on top of C atom in the second atomic layer), d) top adsorption site (on top of a Ti atom in the first atomic layer) and e) bridge adsorption site (between topmost Ti and C atoms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-measured-arpes-curvature-spectrum-of-ti3c2f0-8o0-13enuuw6.png Figure 4: a) Measured ARPES curvature spectrum of Ti3C2F0.8O0.8 (yellow-red), including a selected part of the calculated band structures of the high-symmetry and directions for Ti3C2O2 with O adsorbed only on the bridge site (blue) and for Ti3C2F2 with F adsorbed only on the A-site (green). b) Full calculated band structures of the high-symmetry and directions for Ti3C2O2 with O adsorbed only on the bridge site (blue) and for Ti3C2F2 with F adsorbed only on the A-site (greenish). The DFT calculations were done using the range-separated hybrid HSE06 functional and predict more bands than are observed in the curvature plot of the experimental data. https://scispace.com/papers/surfel-convolutional-neural-network-for-support-detection-in-2cr2d2co8c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-support-region-detected-by-normal-based-method-and-1tyj9jgq.png Fig. 1 Support region detected by normal-based method and imagebased method. As is common practice, a threshold of 45◦ is used for normal checking. It shows that a large area of support regions is detected with many support locations unnecessary; that is, only the regions in black circles need support, and other regions can be self-supported https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-image-based-method-fails-to-detect-support-between-the-1rh4b1ml.png Fig. 2 Image-based method fails to detect support between the gap of the stair shape https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-local-surfel-multi-channel-image-extraction-left-the-3b1669wy.png Fig. 5 Local surfel multi-channel image extraction. Left: the red diamond surfel and its local surfel information (Solid is in surfel and empty is out surfel, the red surfel is the nearest one above the given diamond surfel). Right: Surfel topology is stored in a multi-channel image https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-support-detection-of-applications-with-different-2os8bbrc.png Fig. 11 Support detection of applications with different methods https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-input-surfel-image-size-on-computation-3iltrcae.png Table 1 Effect of input surfel image size on computation time and accuracy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-support-positions-of-bunny-model-detected-by-2xr55jmh.png Fig. 10 Support positions of bunny model detected by different methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-prediction-of-support-using-the-proposed-scnn-and-2vpqawtg.png Fig. 7 The prediction of support using the proposed SCNN and the physical fabricated model with the predicted supports https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-support-detection-for-different-j9vtighf.png Table 2 Comparison of support detection for different methods https://scispace.com/papers/surgical-treatment-of-epilepsy-59ot7v8iv4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-current-methods-used-in-epilepsy-surgery-are-listed-3t6irsqv.png Table 4 : Current methods used in epilepsy surgery are listed below https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stages-of-evaluation-before-epilepsy-surgery-from-1vejokbp.png Table 3 : Stages of evaluation before epilepsy surgery (From Ref.3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-classification-of-post-operative-seizure-control-2lpczfpv.png Table 5 : Classification of post-operative seizure control based on Engel’s classification https://scispace.com/papers/survey-evidence-on-conditional-norm-enforcement-1v886ppqkt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-covariates-10h0wd6w.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics for the Covariates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-evasion-rate-in-the-respondents-district-124e0aup.png Table 4: Estimated Evasion Rate in the Respondents’ District. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-probit-and-iv-probit-estimations-dependent-variable-fpdngqb0.png Table 5: Probit and IV Probit Estimations - Dependent Variable: Sanction Dummy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reaction-to-an-acquaintances-norm-violation-in-3g43ragn.png Table 2: Reaction to an Acquaintance’s Norm Violation (in Percentages) https://scispace.com/papers/surprised-or-not-surprised-the-investors-reaction-to-the-5azjlvtfk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-single-supervisory-treatment-effect-3gxwuisc.png Table 7 The Single Supervisory Treatment effect https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-did-the-ca-produced-new-information-for-the-market-1l8v21mx.png Table 3 Did the CA produced new information for the market? https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-pivotal-moments-of-the-comprehensive-assessment-2rs3e3ct.png Table 1 The pivotal moments of the Comprehensive Assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-id0daavt.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-investors-reaction-to-the-launch-of-the-single-3kznezbz.png Table 4 Investors’ reaction to the launch of the Single Supervisory Mechanism https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-investors-reaction-to-the-events-related-to-the-1wllz1ld.png Table 2 Investors’ reaction to the events related to the Comprehensive Assessment Panel A - Sample composition by country This table reports the origin of all listed European banks included in our event study. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-variables-definition-15gbzp7w.png Table 5 Variables definition https://scispace.com/papers/surveillance-genome-sequencing-reveal-multiple-sars-cov-2-a7wl8pn983 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-31vduueo.png Fig 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-demographic-comorbidity-symptoms-other-social-and-1f6wex5b.png Table I. Demographic, comorbidity, symptoms, other social and past medical history of BSWH 369 vaccine breakthrough cases 370 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-the-symptoms-associated-with-breakthrough-17xsf5or.png Table 1 shows the symptoms associated with breakthrough under each vaccine brand in our 199 sample. However, direct comparisons between brands cannot be made with our data, given both 200 the small numbers and the complexities related to the different dosing schedules and different 201 rates of use in the population, and conclusions about the relative effectiveness of the different 202 brands overall or against specific variants should not be inferred from these results. Two (2.1%) 203 vaccine breakthrough cases were hospitalized with shortness of breath. 204 https://scispace.com/papers/survey-of-full-scale-side-stream-ebpr-facilities-and-2nug07h21z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-paos-and-gaos-observations-at-s2ebpr-38imphtm.png Table 5 Summary of PAOs and GAOs Observations at S2EBPR Facilities Studied. 769 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-batch-uptake-and-release-testing-results-135g5n4d.png Table 4. Summary of Batch Uptake and Release Testing Results. 761 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-full-scale-facilities-currently-operating-nfpwgzwl.png Table 1. Summary of Full-Scale Facilities Currently Operating the Four Types Of S2EBPR Process Configurations. 746 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-average-operational-data-and-performance-2vmidahj.png Table 2. Summary of Average Operational Data and Performance for the Four S2EBPR Facilities during the 749 Period 2014-2016. 750 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-probability-plot-for-secondary-or-final-effluent-126lilbv.png Figure 2. Probability Plot for Secondary or Final Effluent Phosphorus Concentrations at the Four Facility for the Period 835 of 2014-2016. TP: Total Phosphorus concentration in mg/L; OP: PO4-P concentration in mg/L; FE: final effluent; SE: 836 secondary effluent. 837 838 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-ebpr-reliability-to-meet-secondary-effluent-orthop-x9n13l2x.png Table 3. EBPR reliability to meet secondary effluent orthoP concentrations of less than 2 mg P/L, 1 mg P/L, 756 and 0.5 mg P/L for conventional EBPR and S2EBPR facilities. 757 https://scispace.com/papers/survival-and-quality-of-life-after-early-discharge-in-low-5h6tx3kfv6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-study-outcomes-2btmy90v.png TABLE 2 Study outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-study-population-1vjnvgle.png TABLE 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-association-between-baseline-clinical-29wo6lo5.png TABLE 3 Association between baseline clinical characteristics and quality of life scores 3 weeks and 3 months after enrolment https://scispace.com/papers/survey-of-microsatellite-dna-in-pine-1pck4y0gkt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-dinucleotide-ssr-frequencies-in-various-33ycvwrp.png Table 4. Estimated dinucleotide SSR frequencies in various plant species based on hybridization surveys. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimated-numbers-and-frequencies-of-ssr-sites-per-31i9wlsc.png Table 3. Estimated numbers and frequencies of SSR sites per haploid genome, by repeat class. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimated-numbers-and-frequencies-of-various-repeat-1g3535q9.png Table 2. Estimated numbers and frequencies of various repeat sequences in two pine genomes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-examples-of-digital-images-used-for-counting-c9yzd9a8.png Fig. 1. Examples of digital images used for counting chemiluminescent signals generated by an oligonucleotide probe hybridized to membranebound plaque DNA. The image on the left was digitally scanned from an x-ray film luminograph. The image on the right was generated from the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-graph-comparing-the-genome-densities-of-abundant-ssrs-s2et0muh.png Fig. 2. Graph comparing the genome densities of abundant SSRs Discussion and the IFG retrotransposon element in eastern white pine (filled bars) and loblolly pine (open bars). The repeat motifs are ranked The genome density for all SSRs tested was approximately the in order of their abundance in eastern white pine. same for both species at 16-17 SSR sitesklbp. This is a minimum estimate because some tetranucleotide SSRs were not examined. If the 11 tetranucleotide motifs not tested in white https://scispace.com/papers/suspension-of-payments-bank-failures-and-the-nonbank-public-3dd3wu30fc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prices-of-bonds-2nxh0mwb.png Figure 1 Prices of Bonds https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-predictions-of-banks-closing-and-redemption-rates-2in5dow9.png Table 7 PREDICTIONS OF BANKS CLOSING AND REDEMPTION RATES https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bonds-backing-note-circulation-illinois-and-2dftgre5.png Table 5 BONDS BACKING NOTE CIRCULATION ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN: FALL 1860 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-major-provisions-of-the-free-banking-laws-illinois-1pm4oesl.png Table 1 MAJOR PROVISIONS OF THE FREE BANKING LAWS ILLINOIS AND WISCONSIN IN LATE 1860 AND EARLY 1861 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-banks-closing-and-losses-relative-to-capital-in-2zjir0g3.png Figure 2 Banks Closing and Losses Relative to Capital in 1861 https://scispace.com/papers/sustainability-aspects-of-using-geotextiles-2n5rs3rb7j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-2-co2-calculation-framework-1gz07moy.png Figure 27.2 CO2 calculation framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-27-9-example-3-calculated-transport-emissions-values-1t4fk176.png Table 27.9 Example 3 - Calculated transport emissions values for landfill capping CO2 comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-27-10-example-3-construction-emissions-for-landfill-2u97hi09.png Table 27.10 Example 3 - Construction emissions for landfill capping CO2 comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-27-8-example-3-calculated-ec-values-for-landfill-3ibd2m53.png Table 27.8 Example 3 - Calculated EC values for landfill capping CO2 comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-27-11-example-3-calculated-embodied-carbon-emissions-3uwjrcta.png Table 27.11 Example 3 – Calculated embodied carbon emissions for the geosynthetic and clay landfill capping solutions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-27-1-system-boundaries-and-stages-of-lca-1zqgrcgy.png Figure 27.1 System boundaries and stages of LCA https://scispace.com/figures/table-27-1-embodied-carbon-values-for-different-plastics-3pk4x89e.png Table 27.1 Embodied carbon values for different plastics from ICE (Hammond & Jones, 2011) and EcoInvent v2.2 (EcoInvent Centre, 2010) https://scispace.com/figures/table-27-2-embodied-carbon-values-for-geotextiles-after-raja-28t1yh37.png Table 27.2 Embodied Carbon values for geotextiles (after Raja et al, 2015) https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-alkylation-of-unactivated-esters-and-amides-with-4b350c4whn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-manganese-catalyzed-alkylation-of-esters-a-18w9hf1n.png Table 3. Manganese Catalyzed Alkylation of Esters a https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-manganese-catalyzed-alkylation-of-amides-a-2syymwdj.png Table 2. Manganese Catalyzed Alkylation of Amides a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimization-of-the-reaction-conditions-a-3szt7rg6.png Table 1. Optimization of the Reaction Conditions a https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-artificial-island-concept-for-the-republic-of-3bg8c6euqy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nation-of-kiribati-3-1drnms0b.png Fig 1: Nation of Kiribati [3] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-island-layout-3oyo5l20.png Fig 8: Island layout https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-weight-and-cost-summary-22q69n6b.png Fig 11: Weight and cost summary https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photo-of-tarawa-atoll-14-2n1oil05.png Fig 2: Photo of Tarawa Atoll [14] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-righting-moments-and-wind-current-heeling-moment-li1yc7xz.png Fig 10: Righting moments and wind/current heeling moment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-artificial-island-location-1-n1fpashv.png Fig 3: Artificial Island Location [1] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mega-float-model-options-291ybjh1.png Fig 9: Mega-float model options https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-platform-selection-weighted-matrix-18-2tfm9kmp.png Fig 4: Platform selection weighted matrix [18] https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-drainage-systems-operation-and-maintenance-54ck6wcb6u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-biggiero-and-pianese-1996-64-case-study-optimal-a8607i9e.png Table 9. Biggiero and Pianese (1996) [64] case study. Optimal decision variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-biggiero-and-pianese-1996-64-case-study-bottom-width-1zjdxuex.png Table 6. Biggiero and Pianese (1996) [64] case study. Bottom width B and network ending node excavation. nenexcH : the values. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-nash-sutcliff-coefficient-for-the-separate-2ryzrdtm.png Table 8. Nash-Sutcliff coefficient for the separate stormwater system at the CEHQ gauging station for the 1 May to 30 September period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-assessment-of-the-statistically-significant-yj0l3ayu.png Table 7. Assessment of the statistically significant differences between different cohorts of estimators (civil engineering, ecology and social science students, and the general public) for selected SuDS characterization variables (aesthetics, land cost, habitat for species and safety) using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test (see also Section 2.7). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-variations-of-self-depuration-time-for-test-250y6vfv.png Figure 10. Variations of self-depuration time for test gullies without/with SGV at single/twin entry conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-comparison-of-the-number-of-simulated-csos-with-the-1nkg7fk6.png Table 9. Biggiero and Pianese (1996) [64] case study. Optimal decision variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-fc-loads-estimated-by-two-methods-for-the-1-may-to-184e24tl.png Table 10. FC loads estimated by two methods for the 1 May to 31 August period. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-annual-loadings-of-nutrient-exports-from-site-1-3fi9sjqr.png Figure 11. Annual loadings of nutrient exports from Site 1 (Panther Creek watershed, The Woodlands green infrastructure development) and Site 2 (Bear Creek watershed, conventional development), 2002–2009: (a) NO3-N, (b) NH3-N, and (c) TP. https://scispace.com/papers/sustainable-urban-development-through-a-blue-and-green-2evmnwowuh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-of-the-zim-participatory-process-a-3pc4htrh.png Figure 2. Examples of the ZIM participatory process: a) workshop debates; b) collaborative mapping of the main metropolitan issues; c) icons representing issues of metropolitan interest; d) example of a map resulting from the workshops (Source: UFMG, 2015) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-serra-azul-stream-catchment-and-main-land-uses-3u8h5gf3.png Figure 5. Serra Azul stream catchment and main land uses (Source: adapted from UFMG, 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-serra-azul-reservoir-and-associated-protected-area-njne7q3v.png Figure 6. Serra Azul reservoir and associated protected area (Source: http://www.panoramio.com) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-vargem-das-flores-reservoir-illegal-occupation-of-vf1wnzqs.png Figure 7. Vargem das Flores reservoir: illegal occupation of protected areas and tourist activities along the shores of the reservoir (Source: Prefeitura de Contagem, 1997) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bhmr-water-supply-system-source-updated-from-3pttkae0.png Table 1. BHMR water supply system (Source: updated from Nascimento et al, 2006) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-location-of-the-19-zims-in-the-bhmr-highlighted-m6lc2zrg.png Figure 3. Location of the 19 ZIMs in the BHMR. Highlighted catchments: five ZIMs which are strategic drinking water sources (Source: adapted from UFMG, 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tva-conception-in-the-bhmr-a-maps-and-datasets-1kmi603u.png Figure 4. TVA conception in the BHMR: (a) maps and datasets analysed to delineate the TVA; (b) proposition of the TVA for the BHMR, on a regional scale (Source: adapted from UFMG, 2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-of-the-belo-horizonte-metropolitan-region-2einpeau.png Figure 1. Location of the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region, in southeast Brazil. https://scispace.com/papers/swarm-debugging-the-collective-intelligence-on-interactive-3dbyjj6x2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-elapsed-time-by-task-average-study-1-jabref-and-3i7t4qzt.png Table 2: Elapsed time by task (average) - Study 1 (JabRef) and Study 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-sequence-stack-diagram-for-bridge-design-pattern-1j00dmca.png Figure 20: Sequence stack diagram for Bridge design pattern https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-study-2-breakpoints-in-the-same-line-of-code-pdfsam-31wntsoo.png Table 6: Study 2 - Breakpoints in the same line of code (PdfSam) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-study-2-breakpoints-in-the-same-line-of-code-raptor-pma9zac2.png Table 7: Study 2 - Breakpoints in the same line of code (Raptor) https://scispace.com/papers/sustaining-knowledge-in-the-neutron-generator-community-and-25ag0x9jsy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-process-for-submitting-information-to-km-tool-3lo0xb2e.png Figure 2: Process for Submitting Information to KM Tool https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-proposed-knowledge-capture-process-3lmvoo90.png Figure 1: Proposed Knowledge Capture Process https://scispace.com/papers/svf-net-learning-deformable-image-registration-using-shape-2e45ezyppt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fully-convolutional-neural-networks-architecture-for-17yf9lbz.png Fig. 2: Fully convolutional neural networks architecture for 3D registration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-a-reference-deformation-svf-red-vector-383byfjk.png Fig. 1: Example of a reference deformation SVF (red vector field scaled at 0.3) computed from two segmented surfaces. The moving image is shown with the segmentation of the myocardium of the fixed (orange) and moving (blue) images. (Left): Short-axis view. (Right): Longitudinal view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-two-examples-of-the-results-of-our-registration-method-2i939eo0.png Fig. 4: Two examples of the results of our registration method versus optimization approach. (Column 1-2): the moving (resp. fixed) image with the segmentation. (3rd column): our proposed registration with the deformed myocardium segmentation of the moving image in cyan and the target segmentation in orange. (Right column): the optimization comparison (Log-Demons LCC ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-boxplot-of-the-similarity-score-between-the-rois-red-1o0bi53p.png Fig. 3: Boxplot of the similarity score between the ROIs. (Red): proposed method, (Blue): Log-Demons with LCC metric. The ROIs we look at are: Left Ventricle Blood Pool (LVBP), Left Ventricle Myocardium (LVM), Right Ventricle Blood Pool (RVBP) and Right Ventricle Myocardium (RVM). https://scispace.com/papers/syk-deficiency-in-human-non-releaser-lung-mast-cells-oxe2c2u3pm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-characterization-of-non-releaser-human-lung-mast-2bm7zaf4.png Figure 2. Characterization of non-releaser human lung mast cells. Top panel. Expression if FcεRI and Kit on nonreleasing human lung mast cells. Lung mast cells were incubated at 4 °C with mouse IgG mAbs against FcεRI-α and Kit (5 μg/ml) followed by FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG Ab. An irrelevant mouse IgG (MOPC) was substituted as a negative control. Bottom panel. Tryptaseimmunocytochemistry. Cytocentrifuge preparations of lung mast cells were fixed and incubated with an irrelevant isotype match (MOPC; A, B) or anti-tryptase (5 μg/ml, C, D) overnight. The next day cell cytospins were washed with TTBS and incubated with peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse Abs followed by detection with AEC as described previously [11]. The photomicrographs in A and B as well as C and D are of identical fields visualized under light and phase contrast microscopy, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-specific-impairment-of-fceri-dependent-2f4kbd77.png Figure 1. Specific impairment of FcεRI-dependent degranulation in lung mast cells. Lung mast cells or releasing skin mast cells were challenged with different concentrations of anti-FcεRI mAb, calcium ionophore (A23187; 1 μg/ml), or with buffer alone (spontaneous release) for 30 min (degranulation) or overnight (cytokine analysis) at 37 °C. The supernatants were collected as examined for β-hexosaminidase and GM-CSF release as described previously [10]. Data are from 1 experiment that is representative of 4 (degranulation) or 2 (cytokine) separate experiments, each done in duplicate (± SEM). The total amounts of β-hexosaminidase activity in skin and lung mast cells were comparable, 0.90 and 0.86 OD, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-non-releaser-lung-mast-cells-lack-syk-protein-non-3d66n2dm.png Figure 3. Non-releaser lung mast cells lack Syk protein. Non-releasing lung mast cells (∼ 200,000 cellequivalents/lane) after the indicated days in culture were collected and then lysed and subjected to Western blotting as described [6], [9]. Actin was used as a protein loading control. In the top panel a lysate from a previous preparation of lung mast cells that had shown their ability to degranulate in response to FcεRI aggregation (Releaser) is compared to that of the non-releaser mast cells. https://scispace.com/papers/swelling-of-individual-nanodomains-in-hydrated-block-t2ro16hton 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-peak-fitting-results-of-the-saxs-profile-of-dry-s-9k3pqdr8.png FIG 3. a, Peak fitting results of the SAXS profile of dry S-SES(0). b, domain spacing of the dry membranes, ddry, as a function of ϕv. c, FWHM of the fitted SAXS peaks as a function of ϕv. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stem-images-of-dry-s-ses-membranes-a-s-ses-0-b-s-ses-3w3kwk5v.png FIG 4. STEM images of dry S-SES membranes. a, S-SES(0), b, S-SES(20), c, S-SES(30) and d, S-SES(40). White scale bar on the bottom left represents 100 nm. Yellow scale bar represents domain spacing obtained by SAXS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-tomography-slices-of-dry-s-ses-40-in-xy-yz-and-xz-2tvw9pe2.png FIG 8. a, tomography slices of dry S-SES(40) in xy, yz, and xz directions. b, tomography slices of hydrated S-SES(40) in xy, yz, and xz directions. c, segmented dry S-SES(40), where purple colored segments represent dry PSS-rich phase. d, segmented hydrated S-SES(40), where purple colored segments represent hydrated PSS-rich phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cryo-stem-images-of-hydrated-s-ses-membranes-a-s-ses-0-2ktli8pg.png FIG 7. Cryo-STEM images of hydrated S-SES membranes. a, S-SES(0), b, SSES(20), c, S-SES(30) and d, S-SES(40). White scale bar on the bottom left represents 100 nm. Yellow scale bar represents domain spacing obtained by SAXS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-water-uptake-wu-as-a-function-of-phv-r1gnlov7.png FIG 1. Water uptake, WU, as a function of ϕv. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-membranes-used-in-this-work-24um2me1.png Table 1 Membranes used in this work. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-saxs-intensity-as-a-function-of-q-of-hydrated-s-ses-1m98ucr9.png FIG 5. SAXS intensity as a function of q, of hydrated S-SES membranes. Profiles are vertically shifted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-saxs-intensity-as-a-function-of-the-magnitude-of-the-3h48oxpc.png FIG 2. SAXS intensity as a function of the magnitude of the wave vector, q, of dry S-SES membranes. Profiles are vertically shifted for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/switchable-dual-wavelength-erbium-doped-fibre-laser-1gicdrfdqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-laser-output-power-as-a-function-of-pump-power-and-2ru80558.png Figure 6 Laser output power as a function of pump power and the fitted line for: (a) single-wavelength at~1548.9 nm (b) single-wavelength at ~1551.9 nm(c) dualwavelength at ~1548.9 nm (blue) and ~1551.9 nm (red) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-of-the-proposed-two-channel-fibre-bragg-dhckw91g.png Figure 1 Schematic of the proposed two-channel fibre Bragg grating https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-proposed-laser-with-the-fabricated-tc-3sxwu82l.png Figure 3 Schematic of proposed laser with the fabricated TC-FBG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-measured-transmission-spectra-of-two-channel-fibre-2yh86igi.png Figure 2 Measured transmission spectra of two-channel fibre Bragg grating along two orthogonal polarization states, inset shows the microscope view of the fabricated TC-FBG https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-laser-output-spectra-for-single-wavelength-lasing-2yzlu1cu.png Figure 4 Laser output spectra for: single-wavelength lasing at ~1548.9 nm (red); single-wavelength lasing at ~1551.9 nm (blue); dual-wavelength lasing (black).The side mode suppression ration is more 42 dB for single-wavelength lasing at ~1548.9 nm and 46 dB at ~1551.9 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-output-power-and-lasing-wavelength-fluctuation-at-35fvpph7.png Figure 5 Output power and lasing wavelength fluctuation at: ~1548.9 nm (up) and ~1551.9 nm (down) measured with 2 minutes interval for half an hour. https://scispace.com/papers/symbol-timing-recovery-for-generalized-minimum-shift-keying-1oc11bxvn2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimation-variance-for-tfm-12pw8msl.png Figure 3. Estimation variance for TFM https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-magnitude-of-the-frequency-responses-for-a-c0-f-of-5ebks4r1.png Figure 1. Magnitude of the frequency responses for (a) C0 f) of 3REC and RC4T(f) (b) C0(f) of 1REC and RC4T(f) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-percentage-of-the-total-energy-that-the-main-3wsb4st4.png Table 1. The percentage of the total energy that the main pulse C0(t) contains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimation-variance-for-2rc-35ag737p.png Figure 4. Estimation variance for 2RC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimation-variance-for-1rec-msk-1jttmruo.png Figure 2. Estimation variance for 1REC (MSK) https://scispace.com/papers/symbolic-dynamics-of-two-coupled-lorenz-maps-from-uncoupled-126vo1uarr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-of-the-entropy-log-p1515-upper-blue-curve-2all3y2t.png Figure 5: Plots of the entropy log P1515 (upper/blue curve) together with the lower bounds b 7→ h(Ων(a,b), σ) (lower/red curve) in the domains where ν(a, b) > 0. Left picture: a = 2.5. Right picture: a = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-entropy-log-p1515-of-the-cml-as-a-function-of-b-0-5-2h53n3q7.png Figure 4: Entropy log P1515 of the CML as a function of b ∈ [0.5, 0.55] for a = 2.5 (a zoom of the intermediate curve in Figure 3). Although the curve appears to be globally decreasing, a local increase is clearly visible in the neighbourhood of 0.51. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-graph-associated-with-the-sofic-shift-p-s-1lx4biqk.png Figure 7: Graph associated with the sofic shift (P , σ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-graph-associated-with-the-shift-g-n-s-where-each-h-2nbzmziz.png Figure 9: Graph associated with the shift (Γ∗n, σ) where each H ∈ {00, 11} is arbitrary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-quantity-log-pn-n-as-a-function-of-b-for-a-2-5-jr1dfz2u.png Figure 2: The quantity log Pn n as a function of b for a = 2.5 and 3 values of n: n = 11 (upper/red curve), n = 14 (intermediate/green curve) and n = 15 (lower/blue curve). The horizontal axis have been reversed so as to comply with the orientation of the original coupling parameter . Main picture: b ranges from 0.3 to 1.2. Inset: b ranges from 0.2 to 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-table-of-numerically-computed-synchronisation-3uzvtj4u.png Table 1: Table of numerically computed synchronisation threshold bnum(a) together with the corresponding lower bound bsync(a). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-plots-of-the-entropy-log-p1515-upper-blue-curve-ncrvg3h7.png Figure 8: Plots of the entropy log P1515 (upper/blue curve) together with the lower bound b 7→ h(Γn(a,b), σ) (lower/red curve) in the strong coupling domain. Left picture: a = 10. Right picture: a = 100. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plots-of-the-entropy-log-p1515-upper-blue-curve-wdd0c2v2.png Figure 6: Plots of the entropy log P1515 (upper/blue curve) together with the lower bounds b 7→ h(Ξn(a,b), σ) (intermediate/green curve) and b 7→ h(Ω n(a,b) https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-breaking-fermi-surface-deformations-from-central-4g6wfgtxly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-phase-diagram-for-small-symmetrybreaking-1ufprwg6.png FIG. 3. !Color online" Phase diagram for small symmetrybreaking deformations of the Fermi surface with a given value of the angular momentum quantum number l. In the symmetric state, the Fermi surface is circular. In the broken-symmetry state, it has one of the configurations of Fig. 1. In the shaded region one of the two states is stable, and the other metastable, so the transition takes place through a first-order jump. The parameter V#kF 3 /Vcrit =−1 /20, which controls the width of this region $Eq. !32"%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-values-of-the-amplitude-on-the-fermi-19azjm4g.png FIG. 2. !Color online" Values of the amplitude on the Fermi surface of the deformation potential, /, that minimize the free energy !solid lines", plotted as functions of the coupling strength in units of its “critical” value, V /Vcrit. !a" V!kF /Vcrit=−1 and V!n"kF n /Vcrit/0 for all n=2,3 , . . . $Eq. !27"% !b" V!kF /Vcrit=1, V2kF 2 /Vcrit=−2+1 /50, V3kF 3 /Vcrit=−1, and V!n"kF n /Vcrit/0 for n 94 $Eq. !30"%. The dashed line in panel !b" indicates an additional stationary point, but it is a maximum, not a minimum. The region where the transition takes place has been blown out in the inset. The dotted lines indicate the critical coupling of Eq. !23" $panels !a" and !b"% and the lower bound in Eq. !32" $panel !b"%. The structure of the free energy in the different parameter regions has been sketched for illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-shape-of-fermi-surface-of-2d-continuum-system-before-17pl4kdp.png FIG. 1. Shape of Fermi surface of 2D continuum system, before !thinner line" and after !thicker line" a Pomeranchuk instability. Several possible symmetries !l=2,3 ,4 ,5" are shown for the Pomeranchuk order. https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-breaking-phenomena-in-thermovibrationally-driven-3uckciso7i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-spatial-extension-of-particle-structures-along-the-1wfs9asm.png Figure 14: Spatial extension of particle structures along the z (a) and y (b) axes as a function of the density ratio for =2.5x109, Ra=105, =3x104 (Gs86) (Pr=15.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-snapshots-of-particle-structures-for-pr-15-5-2-1l0uyr3y.png Figure 15: Snapshots of particle structures for Pr=15.5, =2.5x109, Ra=106, =3x104 (Gs8600) and different values of (yz plane, hot side on the top, cold side on the bottom, non-dimensional time t2.5): a) =0.1, b) 0.5, c) 0.8, d) 1.2, e) 1.5, f) 2.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-particle-structure-formation-time-as-a-function-of-1vupg4ma.png Figure 21: Particle structure formation time as a function of the acceleration amplitude for Ra= 106, =2 and two different values of (Pr=15.5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-snapshot-of-particle-structures-for-pr-15-5-1x109-2w0xcyor.png Figure 19: Snapshot of particle structures for Pr=15.5, =1x109, Ra=106, =1x104 (Gs7.7x104) and =2 (non-dimensional time t2.5): a) 3D view, b) top view (along z) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-snapshots-of-particle-structures-for-pr-15-5-ra-t0x2f6iy.png Figure 20: Snapshots of particle structures for Pr=15.5, Ra=106, =3x104 (Gs8600), =2 and different values of the acceleration amplitude (yz plane, hot side on the top, cold side on the bottom, non-dimensional time t2.5): a) =108, b) 2.5x108, c) =5x108, d) =1x109, e) =2.5x109. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-isosurfaces-of-time-averaged-velocity-component-3mhfaue0.png Figure 11: Isosurfaces of time-averaged velocity component along the spanwise direction (blue level: -0.4, red level: 0.4) and particle structures for Pr=6.11 (water), =1x108, Ra=105 and =1x103 (Gs3.05x104): a) perspective perpendicular to the yz plane, b) perspective perpendicular to the xy plane, c) sketch showing the compressive action exerted by the clear fluid on the particle structure with smaller size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-particle-structure-formation-time-as-a-function-of-2imouup5.png Figure 4: Particle structure formation time as a function of the acceleration amplitude for Ra= 105, =104 (Gs305) and =2 (water). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatial-extension-of-particle-structures-along-the-k4f383f9.png Figure 3: Spatial extension of particle structures along the z (a) and y (b) axes as a function of the acceleration amplitude for Ra= 105, =104 (Gs305) and =2 (water). https://scispace.com/papers/symmetry-properties-of-natural-frequency-and-mode-shape-261t36lt1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-symmetric-8-dof-truss-structure-adapted-from-kaveh-17slm6i1.png Figure 1: Symmetric 8-DoF truss structure adapted from Kaveh and Nikbakht [20] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-cosine-distances-between-parameter-pairs-separated-2bshn9ug.png Figure 4: Cosine distances between parameter pairs, separated into symmetric pairs and all other pairs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-selected-mode-shape-sensitivities-for-symmetric-17thc51p.png Figure 3: Selected mode shape sensitivities for symmetric parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-truss-mode-shapes-zv1g3nwa.png Figure 2: Truss mode shapes https://scispace.com/papers/synaptic-a-formal-checker-for-sdn-based-security-policies-3zvgf1q7p6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-automaton-describing-the-behavior-of-the-dropbox-3te1mgfm.png Figure 3. Automaton describing the behavior of the Dropbox application. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generation-and-verification-of-sdn-based-security-2vbv6cag.png Figure 2. Generation and verification of SDN-based security policies based on application profiling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-verification-steps-of-a-sdn-based-security-1mq2v9is.png Figure 1. The verification steps of a SDN-based security policy. https://scispace.com/papers/synchronization-phenomena-in-coupled-logistic-maps-involving-1e1ddfan3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-attractors-in-three-dimensional-phase-space-for-a1-3-8-2scecgov.png Fig. 4. Attractors in three-dimensional phase space for α1 = 3.8, α2 = 4.0 and τ = 1. (a) ε = 0.100. (b) ε = 0.180. (c) ε = 0.185. (d) ε = 0.205. (e) ε = 0.300. (f) ε = 0.320. (g) ε = 0.410. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lyapunov-exponents-in-globally-coupled-parametrically-1sa65obj.png Fig. 3. Lyapunov exponents in globally coupled parametrically forced logistic maps for α1 = 3.8, α2 = 4.0 and τ = 1. Horizontal axis: ε. (a)Each of λ. (b)Sums of λ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-one-parameter-bifurcation-diagram-top-and-the-lyapunov-3gmx7rez.png Fig. 1. One-parameter bifurcation diagram (top) and the Lyapunov exponents (bottom) for α1 = 3.8 and τ = 1. Horizontal axis: α2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-return-maps-of-parametrically-forced-logistic-maps-for-27f7e10q.png Fig. 2. Return maps of parametrically forced logistic maps for τ = 1. (a) α1 = 3.0 and α2 = 3.83. (b) α1 = 3.8 and α2 = 4.0. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-return-maps-and-phase-differences-for-a1-3-8-a2-4-0-26783y3r.png Fig. 5. Return maps and phase differences for α1 = 3.8, α2 = 4.0 and τ = 1. (a) ε = 0.100. (b) ε = 0.180. (c) ε = 0.185. (d) ε = 0.205. (e) ε = 0.300. (f) ε = 0.320. (g) ε = 0.410. https://scispace.com/papers/synchronous-behavioural-shifts-in-reef-fishes-linked-to-mass-4h79bzix5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-for-sample-sizes-per-reef-we-used-this-uniquely-1jxvf6t3.png Table 1 for sample sizes per reef). We used this uniquely powerful dataset to examine 74 behavioural change in response to abrupt reductions in resource availability, a critical 75 determinant of aggressive behaviour2,19. 76 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-total-bite-rate-i-e-all-coral-genera-before-and-after-3bnvw7jl.png Fig. 5. Total bite rate (i.e., all coral genera) before and after bleaching for each species at 338 each region, and overall for each region. Bite rate has been maintained or reduced across all 339 species and regions, except C. argentatus at Iriomote. This result provides compelling 340 support for our hypothesis that reduced aggression was a result of nutritional deficit: a lower 341 proportion of bites on Acropora accompanied by the same bite rate as before coral mortality 342 would supply less nutrition overall. 343 https://scispace.com/papers/synergetic-effect-of-lean-and-green-on-innovation-a-resource-4ent046qkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-innovation-facilitated-through-lean-and-green-ulxfw99o.png Table 3: Innovation facilitated through lean and green practice https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-lean-green-synergy-from-literature-and-31wltrmq.png Table 4: Comparison of lean-green synergy from literature and case studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-synergies-and-misalignment-between-lean-and-green-ccq215ch.png Table 2: Synergies and misalignment between lean and green https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-innovative-practices-through-lean-and-green-3vnbu575.png Table 5: Innovative practices through lean and green practices https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-details-of-case-companies-1d56i5iq.png Table 1: Demographic details of case companies https://scispace.com/papers/synchrotron-x-ray-studies-of-austenite-and-bainitic-ferrite-3qt6x0oz1a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-gaussian-and-b-lorentzian-widths-of-the-voigt-1kchhjfz.png Figure 4. (a) Gaussian and (b) Lorentzian widths of the Voigt functions fitted to the individual peaks in the diffraction spectra obtained from the Si and NAC powders. (c,d) Illustration of the excellent fit obtained with the asymmetric peaks of NAC and Si calibration samples after convolving with the axial divergence function. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-isothermal-diffraction-scan-data-presented-as-a-2noqtj2u.png Figure 11. Isothermal diffraction scan data presented as a colour map showing austenite {111} and ferrite {110}, Pt and austenite {002} peaks during isothermal heat–treatment at 300◦C following austenitisation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diffraction-data-babu-et-al-2005-showing-in-the-1czltfg1.png Figure 1. Diffraction data (Babu et al., 2005) showing in the lower part of the figure, that at small times before the onset of the bainite reaction, the austenite appears to have two different lattice parameters during isothermal holding at the transformation temperature. ‘BCC’ stands for the body–centred cubic form of iron. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-austenite-111-and-ferrite-110-peaks-during-3r0f69q7.png Figure 5. Austenite {111} and ferrite {110} peaks during isothermal heat–treatment at 300◦C following austenitisation. Notice that intensity is plotted on a logarithmic scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-aps-diffraction-data-from-austenite-prior-to-its-9lzg41sc.png Figure 12. APS Diffraction data from austenite prior to its transformation; starting from the bottom, the rings correspond to 111γ, 002γ , 224M , 151M , 404M and 220γ , where the subscript M , refers to magnetite (Fe3O4) (Babu et al., 2005). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-compositions-of-alloys-investigated-in-wt-1hyigc1l.png Table 1. Chemical compositions of alloys investigated, in wt%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-lattice-parameters-of-the-bainitic-ferrite-and-edaywxub.png Figure 8. Lattice parameters of the bainitic ferrite and austenite populations during isothermal hold at 300◦C after austenitisation. The equivalent carbon concentrations for the two populations of austenite are also included. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-analysis-of-the-111g-data-on-fe-ni-c-system-babu-gon1rtyr.png Figure 13. Analysis of the 111γ data on Fe–Ni–C system (Babu et al., 2007). (a) A good integration. (b) With beam–centre distortion. (c) With tilt distortion. (d) Data on which a–c are based (scales in pixels). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-biological-evaluation-of-a-new-derivative-of-2ihto9oans 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1h-nmr-spectral-data-for-2-12-13-15-16-in-pyridine-n7q311t3.png Table 1 1H NMR spectral data for 2, 12, 13, 15, 16 in pyridine-d5 and 17 in methanol-d4. o, overlapped signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-thin-section-em-analysis-of-virions-produced-from-ba-2-ywfyzppn.png Fig. 6. Thin-section EM analysis of virions produced from BA, 2, 12, 16, 15, 13, 17-treated cells. 293T cells were transfected with pNL-4-3 and were not treated (A) or treated (B, C, D, E, F, G, H) with BA, 2, 12, 16, 15, 13, 17. Two days post transfection, cells were fixed and analyzed by thin-section EM. Dashed arrow in A indicate mature, conical cores; arrows in B, C, D, E, F, G, H indicate the crescent-shaped, electron-dense layer inside the viral membrane that results from inhibition of p25 processing. (Bar: z100 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-13c-spectral-data-for-2-12-13-15-16-in-pyridine-d5-1gvcv85m.png Table 2 13C spectral data for 2, 12, 13, 15, 16 in pyridine-d5 and 17 in methanol-d4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-the-compounds-on-the-virus-particle-3oo191wz.png Fig. 5. Effect of the compounds on the virus particle production and Pr55Gag processing was analysed by western blot analysis. Note the accumulation of p25 in the presence of 2, 12, 16, 15, 13 and 17. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-efficiency-of-hiv-1-infection-inhibition-by-1w4xr42k.png Table 3 Efficiency of HIV-1 infection inhibition by betulinic acid derivatives.a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-structure-of-the-betulinic-acid-ba-1-bevirimat-2-1p5y8dez.png Fig. 1. The structure of the betulinic acid (BA, 1), bevirimat (2) and derivatives containing a dimethyl group at the C-3 position and various hydrophilic substituents at the C-28 position. These molecules were synthesized to gain in hydrosolubility: N-[(3b)-3-(3-carboxy-3-methylbutanoyloxy)lup-20(29)-en-28-oyl]-glycine (12), N-[(3b)-3-(3-carboxy-3-methylbutanoyloxy)lup-20(29)-en-28-oyl]-b-alanine (13), N6-[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl, N2-[(3b)-3-(3-carboxy-3-methylbutanoyloxy)lup-20(29)-en-28-oyl]-L-lysine (15), 4-({28-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-28-oxolup-20,29en-3b-yl}oxy)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid (16) and N2-[(3b)-3-(3-carboxy-3methylbutanoyloxy)lup-20(29)-en-28-oyl]-L-lysine (17). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-one-dimensional-1h-nmr-spectra-of-bevirimat-2-and-7timu2si.png Fig. 3. One-dimensional 1H NMR spectra of bevirimat (2) and derivatives. A. Derivatives 2, 12, 13, 15 and 16 in pyridine ed5. B. Derivatives 2, 15 and 17 in MeOH-d4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-highlight-of-the-interaction-of-the-most-active-38vb8nc9.png Fig. 4. Highlight of the interaction of the most active compound (16) with the wild type CA-SP1eNC domain. (A) Amino acid sequence of the wild type CA-SP1eNC domain used in this study to test the interaction with compound 16. (B) 2D 1He1H NOESY spectra showing the superimposition of the HNeHa regions of the wild type CA-SP1eNC peptide in the absence (blue) and presence (magenta) of compound 16. The perturbation of the chemical shifts of the peptide by adding compound 16 are boxed and numbered on the spectra and shows the strength of the interaction. Spectra were recorded at a pH of 3.8, in H2O/TFE (70/30) and DMSO-d6 (1%) at 293 K. The amino acids undergoing the most important perturbation of their chemical shifts were identified in the wild type domain and the variation of their perturbation of their chemical shifts has been reported on a histogram (C). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-characterization-of-palladacyclopentadiene-3cd8juywll 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ortep-view-of-complex-3i-anti-isomer-showing-the-2zgx4z66.png Fig. 3. ORTEP view of complex 3i (anti isomer) showing the thermal ellipsoids at 30% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fit-of-concentrations-of-isomers-anti-and-syn-of-the-3o1427bk.png Fig. 2. Fit of concentrations of isomers anti and syn of the species 3c to time according to eq. (1) in CD2Cl2 at 25 C ([3c]tot ¼ 1.3 10 2 mol dm 3). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-bond-distances-and-angles-a-and-degrees-for-1givdb11.png Table 1 Selected bond distances and angles (Å and degrees) for 2c and 3i. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ortep-view-of-complex-2c-showing-the-thermal-2evt84jq.png Fig. 1. ORTEP view of complex 2c showing the thermal ellipsoids at 30% probability level. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-study-of-the-complex-formation-of-a-cationic-478es21a8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transfection-of-the-hek-cell-line-with-green-3pksbwuw.png Figure 5: Transfection of the HEK cell line with green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid (pDNA) at a 10:1 L/D ratio: (A) cytometry analysis of transfection levels for DOTAP and BA:DOTAP 1:5 systems. Results are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n=3). (B) Illustrative confocal images of GFP expression when transfected with naked pDNA (B1), DOTAP (B2) and BA:DOTAP 1:5 (B3). The scale bar is 50 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-possible-arrangements-30j8mknc.png Figure 3: Schematic representation of possible arrangements of asymmetric bolamphiphiles in crystals: a) parallel a,a; b) parallel a,b; c) antiparallel a,b and b,a (adapted from [7]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-self-assembled-bolaamphiphile-ba-structures-22ki5r7x.png Figure 2: Self-assembled bolaamphiphile BA structures observed by TEM (left) and CLSM (right). Scale bar is, respectively, 3 and 10 µm. Crystalline structures are expected, if the size of the two polar groups is not too different. For instance, they could assemble into a bilayer, where the OH groups will be oriented towards the inner space and the N- groups to the outer space (Figure 3.a). They may also form a mixed orientation where an OH group and a N- group will be in the inner space, as represented in Figure 3.b [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-chemical-structures-of-22-hydroxydocos-1-yl-n-n-n-zq3n9prj.png Figure 1: Chemical structures of 22-Hydroxydocos-1-yl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide (BA, top) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP, bottom). Materials and methods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-hydrodynamic-diameter-of-vesicles-of-ba-dotap-and-2imoqgat.png Figure 4: (a) Hydrodynamic diameter of vesicles of BA, DOTAP and their mixture at a ratio of 1:5 and (b) zeta potential values before and after the formation of a complex with DNA. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-protein-engineering-applications-of-cyclotides-38n3vxbqpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-chemical-synthesis-methods-used-for-each-1oseawv1.png Table 2. Summary of chemical synthesis methods used for each cyclotide family https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-published-therapeutic-applications-of-yvq3pf6m.png Table 1. Summary of published therapeutic applications of cyclotide frameworks https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-styrene-copolymerization-of-novel-5edvezzzp9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-copolymerization-of-styrene-and-octyl-2isg21lt.png Table 1. Copolymerization of styrene and octyl phenylcyanoacrylates. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-and-crystal-structure-of-linbo3-type-mg3al2si3o12-1xni9glt8i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-interatomic-distances-and-angles-of-linbo3-type-mg2-19j2f8jn.png Table 3. Interatomic distances and angles of LiNbO3-type Mg2.98(2)Al1.99(2)Si3.02(2)O12. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-structural-parameters-of-linbo3-ln-type-mg2-98-2-al1-2hxteg5a.png Table 1. Structural parameters of LiNbO3 (LN)-type Mg2.98(2)Al1.99(2)Si3.02(2)O12 refined in space group R3c (No. 161) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-volumes-and-densities-of-mg3al2si3o12-compounds-16j6vzz2.png Table 2. Volumes and densities of Mg3Al2Si3O12 compounds. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-characterization-and-thermal-properties-of-alkyl-12bzt6z7qh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ftir-spectra-of-a-polynaphthoxazines-b-the-zooming-38pci8ey.png Figure 5. FTIR spectra of (a) polynaphthoxazines, (b) the zooming of the region between 1800 and 800 cm 1. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-tga-of-alkyl-functional-naphthoxazines-a-weight-3burkosh.png Figure 6. TGA of alkyl-functional naphthoxazines: (a) weight loss (%) and (b) derivative weight loss (%). [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-chemical-structure-and-physical-properties-of-alkyl-2x7yevk9.png Table I. Chemical Structure and Physical Properties of Alkyl-Functional Naphthoxazine Monomer https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-tic-curves-and-pyrolysis-mass-spectra-of-31fb0z1a.png Figure 10. The TIC curves and pyrolysis mass spectra of polynaphthoxazines. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-polymerization-conditions-and-thermal-degradation-p1rk28a3.png Table II. Polymerization Conditions and Thermal Degradation Behavior of Polynaphthoxazines https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1h-nmr-spectra-of-alkyl-functional-naphthoxazine-2sutiz9f.png Figure 1. 1H-NMR spectra of alkyl-functional naphthoxazine monomers. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dsc-thermograms-of-alkyl-functional-naphthoxazine-21zqtrni.png Figure 3. DSC thermograms of alkyl-functional naphthoxazine monomers. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ftir-spectra-of-alkyl-functional-naphthoxazine-160kugah.png Figure 2. FTIR spectra of alkyl-functional naphthoxazine monomers. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-for-logical-initializability-of-synchronous-finite-1hxkup59w6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-groups-faces-track-state-groups-3onhjjwu.png Figure 3: Groups faces \track" state groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-simulatability-and-hazard-freedom-2l0irbvl.png Figure 8: Simulatability and Hazard-freedom https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-fsm-and-synchronization-tree-2hwob0j5.png Figure 2: Example FSM and synchronization tree. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-example-illustrating-unsatis-able-tracking-2bia9kbk.png Figure 5: Example illustrating unsatis able tracking requirement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-general-multi-level-circuit-31p25fqe.png Figure 9: A general multi-level circuit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-issue-of-assignment-to-don-t-care-entries-2rqabv6d.png Figure 4: The issue of assignment to don't-care entries. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-bad-state-encoding-b-good-encoding-3qetamt9.png Figure 6: (a) bad state encoding, (b) good encoding https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-correctness-of-the-four-synthesis-ym6bdmjp.png Table 1: Comparison of the correctness of the four synthesis methods https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-an-amphiphilic-miktoarm-star-terpolymer-for-23eq327wfh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-miktoarm-star-including-the-click-v4vkrvf8.png Figure 1: Scheme of the miktoarm star, including the click reactions used to synthesise it. PMPC (blue) and PDPA (red) are attached using thiol/dibromomaleimide conjugation, while PEG (green (structure) + yellow (vesicle)) is clicked on using CuAAC chemistry. If self-assembled together with a PMPC-PDPA diblock, patchy polymersomes evolve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tem-micrographs-original-and-with-enhanced-contrast-co39me7p.png Figure 4: TEM micrographs, original and with enhanced contrast with spot sizes for polymersomes for varying PMPCPDPA diblock to PMPC/PDPA-Mal-PEG Miktoarm star polymer composition. The contrast of the images has been enhanced to emphasize the presence of patches on the vesicle surface. *On a 50/50 mixture for impure star. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-carbon-nanotubes-by-microwave-heating-influence-1rk3ci16ul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yields-of-carbon-products-depending-on-diameter-of-8xct3hf7.png Table 1 Yields of carbon products depending on diameter of nickel nanoparticle (DNi), calcination temperature and heating time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-setup-for-synthesis-of-carbon-nanotubes-by-using-a-230ec4ne.png Fig. 1. Setup for synthesis of carbon nanotubes by using a remodeled domestic microwave oven and an Art BoxTM. 20 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-inner-diameter-r-of-the-obtained-cnts-versus-diameter-uu3osbu3.png Fig. 6 Inner diameter (r) of the obtained CNTs versus diameter of the Ni nanoparticle (DNi): [A] 800 oC, 10 min, [B] 700oC, 15 min. x = measured value and • = the average value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-nomenclature-of-the-distances-in-mwcnt-dcnt-outer-20-1yvax3s4.png Fig. 4 [A] Nomenclature of the distances in MWCNT: DCNT = outer 20 diameter of MWCNT, r = inner diameter of MWCNT, l = thickness of a graphene, and L = wall thickness. L = nl (n = number of graphene https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-outer-diameter-of-the-obtained-cnts-dcnt-versus-118982ck.png Fig. 5 Outer diameter of the obtained CNTs (DCNT) versus diameter the 30 Ni nanoparticle (DNi): [A] 800 oC, 10 min, [B] 700oC, 15 min. x = https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tem-images-of-cnt-obtained-for-calcination-at-800oc-l2d04nal.png Fig. 3 TEM images of CNT obtained for calcination at 800oC for 10min 5 by using different nano Ni diameters (DNi), 10, 20, 50 and 90 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tem-images-of-cnt-obtained-for-calcination-at-700oc-16oasjt0.png Fig. 2 TEM images of CNT obtained for calcination at 700oC for 15min by using different nano Ni diameters (DNi), 10, 20, 50, and 90 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-shows-metal-carbon-phase-diagrams-for-fe-co-ni-and-cu-f8ypzg4s.png Fig. 13 shows metal-carbon phase diagrams for Fe, Co,Ni and Cu.18 Coloured area represents solid solution. As can be seen 5 https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-dual-input-single-output-dc-dc-converters-gmo0b6m8wq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diso-converters-with-one-of-the-input-ports-being-3m5j50qy.png Fig. 4: DISO converters with one of the input ports being bidirectional (battery) power flow subgraphs. (a) Type I. (b) Type II. (c) Type III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-power-flow-graphs-of-double-input-single-output-1hyin09t.png Fig. 5: Power flow graphs of Double-Input Single-Output converter with one of input ports is connected to battery as bidirectional port. (a) Type I-I. (b) Type I-II. (c) Type I-III. (d) Type II-III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-all-possible-configurations-of-diso-with-2b4anfp1.png Fig. 3: All possible configurations of DISO with unidirectional input and output ports. (a) I-I. (b) I-IIA. (c) I-IIB. (d) I-IIC. (e) II-IIA. (f) II-IIB. (g) II-IIC. (h) II-IID. (i) II-IIE. (j) II-IIF. (k) II-IIG. (l) II-IIH. (m) II-III. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-selected-four-configurations-of-diso-with-one-of-input-2h42p0iq.png Fig. 6: Selected four configurations of DISO with one of input ports is connected to battery as bidirectional port. (a) I-IIA. (b) I-IIB. (c) I-IIIA. (d) I-IIIB. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-power-flow-graphs-of-double-input-single-output-3baa3edc.png Fig. 2: Power flow graphs of Double-Input Single-Output converters with unidirectional input and output ports. (a) Type I-I. (b) Type I-IIA. (c) Type I-IIB. (d) Type II-II. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-switching-look-up-table-for-different-modes-2n4w3dkk.png TABLE I: Switching Look-up Table for Different Modes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-waveform-results-of-type-ii-iia-a-mode-1-pv-to-dc-bus-2bni53zj.png Fig. 14: Waveform results of Type II-IIA. a) Mode 1 (PV to DC BUS). b) Mode 2 (PV to DC BUS and Battery). c) Mode 3 (PV and Battery to DC BUS). d) Mode 4 (PV to battery). e) Mode 5 (Battery to DC BUS). f) Mode 6 (DC BUS to Battery). g) Mode 7 (DC BUS and PV to Battery). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-example-converter-circuits-for-a-type-ii-iia-b-type-2d9nld37.png Fig. 13: Example converter circuits for a) Type II-IIA, b) Type II-IIB and c) Type II-IIC. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-carbon-11-fluorine-18-and-nitrogen-13-labeled-4su6yaypbo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-carbon-11-labeled-compounds-2go4pkx8.png Table 3. Carbon-11 Labeled Compounds, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experimental-setup-for-1-c-iiiiipramine-synthesis-344bdy1u.png Fig. 4 Experimental setup for 1]-C-iiiiipramine synthesis (photograph provided by D. Comar). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radiotracer-requirements-for-extending-the-l-c-2-2v4340sl.png Figure 1. Radiotracer requirements for extending the l^C-2-deoxy-D-glucose method to humans using PETT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-1-4c-3h-u-c-18f-1-3n-2-1k3c86s3.png Table 1. Properties of 1 4C, 3H, U C , 18F, 1 3N 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-13n-labeled-compounds-by-direct-chemical-synthesis-3qy2wdxs.png Table 6. 13N-Labeled Compounds by Direct Chemical Synthesis 23 The Synthetic Strategy 24 Optimization of Reaction Rates 24 Substrate Structure, Reducing Agents, Protective Groups and Solvents 25 Specific Activity and Stoichiometry 28 Expression of Yields and Specific Activity with Short-Lived Nuelides 31 Biosynthetic Tactics 31 Radiotracer Purification and Quality Contr.ol 34 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-labeled-precursors-of-1-1c-1-8f-and-1-3n-9-synthetic-1h95qm7k.png Table 2. Labeled Precursors of 1 1C, 1 8F and 1 3N 9 Synthetic Strategy Table 3. Carbon-11 Labeled Compounds 11 Table 4. Fluorine-18 Labeled Compounds 17 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-carbon-11-labeled-compounds-cont-inua-t-ion-3rvrnxpb.png Table 3. Carbon-11 Labeled Compounds, https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fluorine-18-labelled-compounds-continuation-labelled-24n6x1h9.png Table 4. Fluorine-18 Labelled Compounds (continuation) Labelled Compound Precursor https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-fully-substituted-pyrimidines-111r0j024c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-coupled-domino-reactions-of-activated-skipped-diynes-3ns3gqqf.png Table 1. Coupled domino reactions of activated skipped diynes 4 and amidines 1. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-n-heterocyclic-carbene-palladium-peppsi-mdc7tq0b32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-influence-of-the-reaction-conditions-for-palladium-le2osafn.png Table 2. Influence of the reaction conditions for palladium-NHC-PEPPSI catalyzed direct C5-arylation of 1-methylpyrrole-2carboxaldehyde with 4-bromoacetophenone and 4-chloroacetophenone.[a] https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-influence-of-the-reaction-conditions-for-palladium-1mh8lm08.png Table 2. Influence of the reaction conditions for palladium-NHC-PEPPSI catalyzed direct C5-arylation of 1-methylpyrrole-2carboxaldehyde with 4-bromoacetophenone and 4-chloroacetophenone.[a] https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-the-fungal-natural-product-xylariamide-a-5dt2tdvyxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-structures-for-1-and-2-1yff7s07.png Figure 1. Structures for 1 and 2. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-novel-6-enaminopurines-2jib6wshmy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-diagram-represents-the-consumption-of-5a-me-signal-3p8nzjhr.png Fig. 1 The diagram represents the consumption of 5a () (Me signal of the OEt group at 1.42 ppm), the formation of the intermediate 7c () (Me signal of the OEt group at 1.24 ppm) and its evolution to the purine 6c () (Me signal of the OEt group of EtOH at 1.17 ppm). https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-of-novel-triazoles-bearing-1-2-4-oxadiazole-and-49aux3t6d6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-aliphatic-proton-signals-of-5b-1x64794b.png Figure 8. Aliphatic proton signals of 5b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-some-important-organic-azides-2aia8vnv.png Figure 1. Some important organic azides. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-some-important-124-oxadiazoles-x8qvhkjc.png Figure 2. Some important 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cytotoxic-activities-of-4a-k-against-mcf-7-cellsa-b19bennp.png Table 1. Cytotoxic activities of 4a–k against MCF-7 cellsa . https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cytotoxic-activities-of-4a-k-against-mcf-7-cells-wst-2csmq6x9.png Table 2. Cytotoxic activities of 4a–k against MCF-7 cells (WST-1 assay)a . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-aliphatic-protons-of-4a-k-1nnhgkpl.png Figure 4. Aliphatic protons of 4a–k. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-some-important-triazoles-34z9bi5m.png Figure 3. Some important triazoles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-partial-hmbc-spectrum-of-4b-figure-7-partial-hsqc-3uw2qi0w.png Figure 6. Partial HMBC spectrum of 4b. Figure 7. Partial HSQC spectrum of 4b. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-solid-state-structures-and-computational-studies-4r69yyrf7d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-centro-symmetric-dimer-formed-by-ch-interaction-1gsb7169.png Figure 4. Centro-symmetric dimer formed by CH··· interaction. Example taken from 1.. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geometrical-data-of-the-ch-p-interactions-jmave7a5.png Table 3. Geometrical data of the CH···π interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-3d-lol-plots-of-1-to-4-with-n-0-525-24kpklzl.png Figure 6. 3D LOL plots of 1 to 4 with ν = 0.525 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2d-elf-plots-of-1-to-4-of-in-the-cring-be-x-plane-38w7y7ff.png Figure 5. 2D ELF plots of 1 to 4 of in the Cring-Be-X plane https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solid-state-structure-of-1-thermal-ellipsoids-are-kx8c3dhe.png Figure 1. Solid state structure of 1, thermal ellipsoids are shown at 50% probability levels. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-solid-state-structure-of-2-thermal-ellipsoids-are-24d2is9v.png Figure 2. Solid state structure of 2, thermal ellipsoids are shown at 50% probability levels. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-calculated-and-experimental-be-x-and-1w1gay3y.png Table 4. Comparison of calculated and experimental Be-X and Cp*centr.-Be lengths [Å]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interatomic-distances-a-and-angles-deg-of-1-4-and-26ki6h27.png Table 2. Interatomic distances [Å] and angles [°] of 1 - 4 and related Cp*BeR compounds. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesis-structure-and-magnetic-properties-of-two-end-on-20g7864sz9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-perspective-view-and-atom-labelling-scheme-of-ni2-l-1-2rixh4o2.png Fig. 1. Perspective view and atom labelling scheme of [Ni2(L 1)2- (l1,1-N3)2(N3)2] (1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-selected-bond-distances-a-and-angles-for-1-2orhmhm9.png Table 2 Selected bond distances (Å) and angles ( ) for 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-perspective-view-and-atom-labelling-scheme-of-ni2-l-2-1hnltumw.png Fig. 2. Perspective view and atom labelling scheme of [Ni2(L 2)2- (l1,1-N3)2(Ni3)2] (2) (of one molecule). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-plot-of-vmt-vs-t-for-complex-2-a-without-considering-1gbdo5wi.png Fig. 4. Plot of vMT vs. T for complex 2 (a) without considering the D parameter and with the z 0J 0 parameter (intermolecular interactions) and (b) assuming the D parameter without the J 0 interaction. Solid line represents the best-fit curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-plot-of-the-reduced-magnetization-m-nb-vs-h-at-2-k-for-94tbuhqa.png Fig. 5. Plot of the reduced magnetization (M/Nb) vs. H at 2 K for 1. Solid line represents the Brillouin function for two isolated Ni2+ ions with g = 2.13. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-plot-of-the-reduced-magnetization-m-nb-vs-h-at-2-k-for-3c0cdljr.png Fig. 6. Plot of the reduced magnetization (M/Nb) vs. H at 2 K for 2. Solid line represents the Brillouin formula for g = 2.35. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystallographic-data-for-1-and-2-3bu6esp0.png Table 1 Crystallographic data for 1 and 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-plot-of-vmt-vs-t-for-complex-1-a-assuming-the-j-0-2f24w1az.png Fig. 3. Plot of vMT vs. T for complex 1 (a) assuming the J 0 parameter without the D parameter and (b) assuming the D parameter without the J 0 interaction. Solid line represents the best-fit curve. https://scispace.com/papers/synthesized-articulated-behavior-using-space-temporal-on-vso8kxx0mi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overall-accuracy-when-actual-and-synthesized-20agvc9y.png Figure 5: Overall accuracy when actual and synthesized behaviors are compared. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overall-learning-procedure-1ek50vdl.png Figure 2: Overall learning procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-total-error-transition-with-respect-to-eigenspace-3opse0vx.png Figure 4: Total error transition with respect to eigenspace dimension across several PCA methods: New Training, Non-incremental On-line, Incremental On-line, Non-incremental Off-line, and Incremental Off-line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-six-behavioral-training-tasks-of-a-human-figure-3exktr2f.png Figure 3: Six behavioral training tasks of a human figure, captured using a camera sensor. Behavior tasks are added to the training sequence for incremental learning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-synthesized-virtual-robot-sequence-for-combining-1jelm83p.png Figure 8: Synthesized virtual robot sequence for combining eigen behaviors using M1-M2-M4-M5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relative-trace-sb-for-comparison-between-chosen-3jucuefj.png Figure 7: Relative Trace SB for comparison between chosen combinations of eigen behaviors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-synthesized-virtual-robot-sequence-for-combining-dsbjz7qq.png Figure 6: Synthesized virtual robot sequence for combining eigen behaviors using M2 and M5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-learning-editor-b-and-c-for-a-humanoid-robot-kondo-3tycg5o9.png Figure 1: Learning editor (b) and (c) for a humanoid robot Kondo KHR-1 (a). The motion of the articulated objects is captured using the camera sensor. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-aperture-inversion-for-arbitrary-flight-paths-and-1qm14u0bx9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-acquisition-geometry-for-sar-with-an-antenna-with-poor-jwt22snp.png Fig. 1. Acquisition geometry for SAR with an antenna with poor directivity https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-handwritten-captchas-3y9dy6iayh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-synthetic-handwritten-word-images-audud9c3.png Fig. 6. Synthetic handwritten word images. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recognition-accuracy-of-ocrs-for-different-captcha-irrg23ds.png Table 1 Recognition accuracy of OCRs for different CAPTCHA distortions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-with-prior-work-machine-accuracy-2ximbwzm.png Table 2 Comparison with prior work-Machine accuracy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-multiple-segmentation-hypotheses-for-a-handwritten-33wjzx8k.png Fig. 8. Multiple segmentation hypotheses for a handwritten word. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-recognition-accuracy-of-humans-for-different-captcha-2xncfwsd.png Table 3 Recognition accuracy of humans for different CAPTCHA distortions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-gap-in-recognition-abilities-between-humans-and-2x79g2qn.png Fig. 9. Gap in recognition abilities between humans and machines for the handwritten CAPTCHA. The hacked WMR and Accuscript plots are for the pre-processed images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-correctly-detected-ligature-points-for-i-o-and-d-1tef9483.png Fig. 4. Correctly detected ligature points for `i', `o' and `d'. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-derivative-plot-is-split-after-allowing-overlap-2cw1hqqb.png Fig. 3. First derivative plot is split after allowing overlap and then normalized. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-photometric-landmarks-used-for-absolute-navigation-2sgj6qbcf6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-monte-carlo-simulation-results-with-synthetic-navcam-1yawg4to.png Table 2 Monte Carlo simulation results with synthetic NavCam images https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-failure-rate-and-errors-vs-different-situations-1o8w63yu.png Figure 5. Failure rate and errors vs different situations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-feature-extractors-descriptors-investigated-3ouq8040.png Table 1 Feature extractors/descriptors investigated https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-the-algorithm-analyzed-in-this-work-1h3rt4du.png Figure 1. Overview of the algorithm analyzed in this work with its main steps visible. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-five-different-image-types-were-used-in-the-study-xe9ot605.png Figure 3. Five different image types were used in the study. Top left is an actual preprocessed Rosetta NavCam image, top right is an image rendered using a fitted Hapke reflectance model and a shape model with 1.9M vertices. Bottom row is rendered using a fitted lunar-Lambert reflectance model and shape models with varying vertex count: 17,000 (left), 4,000 (middle) and 1,000 (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-successes-light-blue-and-failures-brown-of-monte-1mwveekz.png Figure 4. Successes (light blue) and failures (brown) of Monte Carlo samples with different feature extraction algorithms. For better sample separation when in-camera-view is exactly 100%, we add a 0–20% random component if the parameter value is 100%, so that values between 100–120% map to 100%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-failure-rate-and-errors-vs-different-situations-pfokjdvy.png Figure 7. Failure rate and errors vs different situations based on real Rosetta NavCam images. Note how AKAZE (orange lines) has the lowest failure rate and lowest errors in almost all regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-of-rosetta-navcam-image-31-with-features-20q8q8oy.png Figure 2. An example of Rosetta NavCam image (31) with features extracted by different algorithms. Feature image coordinates (circle centers), orientation (direction of the line within a circle), and size (circle radius) are shown. https://scispace.com/papers/synthetic-situations-in-the-internet-of-things-40nqlrieti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-data-generation-methods-1pihmamr.png Table 1. Summary of data generation methods https://scispace.com/papers/system-evaluation-and-life-cycle-cost-analysis-of-a-46u9nf4uf5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-financial-assumptions-for-50000-kg-day-hydrogen-2jyejp8i.png Table 1. Financial assumptions for 50,000 kg/day hydrogen production plant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tornado-plot-showing-sensitivity-of-hydrogen-cost-25frf4oe.png Figure 2.Tornado plot showing sensitivity of hydrogen cost to parameter variations. 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reference-50000-kg-day-direct-depreciable-capital-uuvjw9i8.png Table 2. Reference 50,000 kg/day direct depreciable capital costs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-hydrogen-production-cost-summary-for-reference-2qi9pk89.png Table 10. Hydrogen production cost summary for reference plant with carbon sequestration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-summary-of-carbon-sequestration-cost-for-reference-2c4x0uvr.png Table 9. Summary of carbon sequestration cost for reference plant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-other-reference-plant-feed-and-byproduct-costs-34e8gfof.png Table 6. Other reference plant feed and byproduct costs/income. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fixed-operating-costs-for-reference-hydrogen-20fq6x5j.png Table 4. Fixed operating costs for reference hydrogen production plant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reference-plant-indirect-depreciable-costs-1x02b22h.png Table 3. Reference plant indirect depreciable costs. https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-evaluation-of-social-behaviour-modelling-with-a-3fz4mtk69x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mingling-experiment-8or741e1.png Figure 1: Mingling experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-symposium-event-2ek3dkfo.png Figure 2: Symposium event. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-precision-recall-and-f-measure-for-the-25pzylp6.png Table 2: Average precision, recall and F-measure for the different action categories in our dataset over 10 repetitions of 10-fold cross validation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-classification-accuracy-for-professors-and-non-3vgjgkv1.png Table 1: Classification accuracy for professors and non-professors. Features were computed based on the raw acceleration signal (Sig) or its square or energy (En). Best performing features are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sensor-badge-we-used-should-become-the-size-of-5ubjq5h4.png Figure 3: The sensor badge we used should become the size of a credit card in the future. https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-outcomes-after-38kiver8wu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-indications-for-revisional-procedure-1rbk88f2.png Table 3 – Indications for revisional procedure https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-basic-population-demographics-of-patients-included-13cpdlvl.png Table 2 – Basic population demographics of patients included in the systematic review https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-operative-times-length-of-stay-and-postoperative-3qk884u0.png Table 4 – Operative times, length of stay and postoperative morbidity described in included studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-post-operative-weight-loss-described-in-included-evye5s0a.png Table 7 – Post operative weight loss described in included studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pooled-analysis-of-morbidity-rates-for-rygb-and-sg-3khja07v.png Table 6 – Pooled analysis of morbidity rates for RYGB and SG https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-pooled-ewl-for-sg-27bjhh2g.png Table 10 - Pooled %EWL for SG https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-comorbidity-response-rates-described-in-included-1w0vpt4w.png Table 11 – Comorbidity response rates described in included studies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prisma-flow-diagram-239-moher-d-2010-10904wdm.png Figure 1: PRISMA flow diagram.{{239 Moher,D. 2010}} https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-reviews-that-include-only-published-data-may-135z30fvqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-effect-of-muscle-relaxants-on-pain-short-term-acute-2g507fgf.png Figure 1. Effect of muscle relaxants on pain; short term; acute low back pain. Effect size is mean https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-single-ingredient-opioid-analgesic-vs-placebo-short-1ral83ou.png Figure 2. Single ingredient opioid analgesic vs placebo. Short term. Enriched design. Effect size is mean difference, calculated using random effects inverse variance model in RevMan 5.3. Outcome is 0-100 pain-intensity scale. Placebo group Total was split to incorporate multiarm trials as per [17]. Medicines in published data subgroup are as per [17]. NCT01358526 is oxycodone/naloxone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-single-ingredient-opioid-analgesic-vs-placebo-short-36c7a93o.png Figure 3. Single ingredient opioid analgesic vs placebo. Short term. Nonenriched design. Effect https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-single-ingredient-opioid-analgesic-vs-placebo-short-tqas7an1.png Figure 4. Single ingredient opioid analgesic vs placebo. Short term. Enriched and nonenriched https://scispace.com/papers/systematic-scoping-review-of-patients-perceived-needs-of-1e3rgilsdy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-patients-perceived-needs-of-investigations-for-gntwibjo.png Table 5: Patients’ perceived needs of investigations for osteoporosis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-quality-assessment-of-quantitative-studies-lhdvhq1y.png Figure 1. Quality assessment of quantitative studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patients-perceived-need-of-healthcare-providers-for-9n4cmt51.png Table 2. Patients’ perceived need of healthcare providers for osteoporosis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-patients-perceived-needs-of-pharmacotherapy-for-bone-2esss8a8.png Table 3: Patients’ perceived needs of pharmacotherapy for bone health and osteoporosis AUTHOR, YEAR RESULTS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-patients-perceived-needs-of-non-pharmacological-269wkl5l.png Table 4: Patients’ perceived needs of non-pharmacological management of osteoporosis https://scispace.com/papers/systematics-and-phylogeography-of-the-brazilian-atlantic-xq1yatfbvo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-neosadocus-maximus-male-voucher-specimen-mzsp-76344-a-15osauhs.png Fig 8. Neosadocus maximus (male voucher specimen, MZSP 76344). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. D–E. Right trochanter–femur IV (D: retrolateral view; E: prolateral view). Scale bars: 3 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-dorsal-habitus-of-neosadocus-males-a-n-bufo-b-n-110d53ri.png Fig 3. Dorsal habitus of Neosadocus males. A. N. bufo. B. N. robustus. C. N. maximus. Scale bars: 3 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-multilocus-calibrated-tree-obtained-with-beast-the-35r66ou5.png Fig 13. Multilocus calibrated tree obtained with *BEAST. The time scale is represented in millions of years. In the nodes, the posterior probability values; black circles represent posterior probability = 1. Blue bars show the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-haplotype-and-nucleotide-diversities-for-each-2zbsyd63.png Table 2. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities for each Neosadocus species (gray lines) and per location (under species indices). N = number of specimens; H = number of haplotypes; S = number of segregating sites; Hd (s.d.) = haplotype diversity (standard deviation); π (s.d.) = nucleotide diversity (standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-male-genitalia-of-neosadocus-species-a-d-g-dorsal-9r910uzl.png Fig 11. Male genitalia of Neosadocus species. A, D, G: dorsal view; B, E, H: left lateral view; C, F, I: ventral view. A–C. N. bufo (voucher specimen MZSP 76295). D–F. N. robustus (voucher specimen MZSP 76362). G–I. N. maximus (voucher specimen MZSP 76336). Scale bars: 100 µm. https://scispace.com/papers/systematics-of-hyperfine-fields-in-an-iron-lattice-1sz873avyb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-hyperfine-fields-in-fe-co-and-ni-hosts-2pf395no.png Table I. Hyperfine fields in .Fe,. Co, and Ni hosts• •' . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-23l1viwg.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cv22bzrk.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-hyperfine-fields-in-fe-co-a-ld-ni-hosts-continued-2rhf1u2v.png Table I. Hyperfine fields in .Fe,. Co, and Ni hosts• •' . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1hggo4k4.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-2pzzrj1m.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/systematics-of-microhylid-frogs-genus-oreophryne-living-at-k2ygxet378 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-3ittg34r.png Figure 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-habitat-of-oreophryne-geminus-and-o-terrestris-kqwoae74.png Fig. 12. Habitat of Oreophryne geminus and O. terrestris, Dokfuma Meadow, Western Province, Papua New Guinea, November 1991; Richards photo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-body-proportions-in-high-montane-oreophryne-qen78np4.png TABLE 1 Body Proportions in High Montane Oreophryne https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-oreophryne-terrestris-holotype-ams-r145378-svl-17-9-32m2au5d.png Fig. 19. Oreophryne terrestris holotype, AMS R145378, SVL 17.9 mm, male; Cogger photos. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-waveforms-and-audiospectrograms-of-advertisement-3fg539xh.png Fig. 20. Waveforms and audiospectrograms of advertisement calls of two species of Oreophryne. Top: five successive notes of O. geminus graphed with 59- and 300-Hz filters. Bottom: 15 successive notes of O. terrestris graphed with 59- and 300-Hz filters. See species accounts for pertinent data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-waveforms-and-audiospectrograms-of-advertisement-calls-1g7df9jh.png Fig. 6. Waveforms and audiospectrograms of advertisement calls of two species of Oreophryne. Top: four successive notes of O. alticola (the last incomplete) graphed with 59- and 300-Hz filters. Bottom: nine successive notes of O. brevicrus graphed with 59- and 300-Hz filters. See species accounts for pertinent data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-regression-of-third-finger-disk-width-on-snout-vent-3fxpry47.png Fig. 15. Regression of third finger disk width on snout-vent length in Oreophryne brevicrus (L]) and O. habbemensis (X). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-distribution-of-high-montane-oreophryne-in-papua-and-20xcin4x.png Fig. 9. Distribution of high montane Oreophryne in Papua and western Papua New Guinea. Areas above 3400 m are in black; contour line approximates 2800 m. Numbered circles mark localities for Oreophryne: O. alticola (4 and 5, Central Ranges); O. brevicrus (1, NE of Lake Habbema; 4, Central Ranges); O. brevirostris (3, Mt. Elit; 6, Gunung Mandala [Mt. Juliana]); O. habbemensis (2, Lake Habbema); O. terrestris and O. geminus (8, Dokfuma, Star Mtns.); Oreophryne sp. (7, Mt. Antares, Star Mtns.). The broken north-south line marks the boundary between Papua (west) and Papua New Guinea (east). https://scispace.com/papers/t-cell-responses-to-acute-cardiorespiratory-or-resistance-1df9gxom02 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cd8-t-cell-subsets-at-pre-exercise-post-exercise-2kcq5mwf.png Figure 2: CD8+T-cell subsets at pre-exercise, post-exercise, and recovery in response to cardiorespiratory (CRE) and resistance (RE) exercise in physically active (PA) and physically inactive (PI) groups. * difference between pre- to post-exercise (p<0.05) ^ within-group differences from the same time point in CRE (p <0.05) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-exercise-data-physically-active-pa-n-12-and-1f2c3ib9.png Table 2: Exercise Data. Physically Active (PA; n=12) and Physically Inactive (PI; n=12) participants completed all study protocols. One Repetition Maximum (RM) values are estimated from 8 RM scores obtained during Visit 1. RE training volume was calculated as sets x reps x weight. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cellular-response-to-exercise-training-irrespective-3j7vzf02.png Table 3: Cellular response to exercise training, irrespective of mode of exercise (CRE or RE). Exercise increased the number of all measured cells and subtypes into circulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-differences-in-response-by-mode-of-exercise-the-3hi3nu77.png Table 4: Differences in response by mode of exercise. The effects of an acute bout of cardiorespiratory (CRE) or resistance (RE) exercise on circulating numbers of lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets in physically active (PA) and physically inactive (PI) participants. Blood samples were taken immediately prior to exercise (Pre), immediately upon exercise cessation (Post) and after 1h of rest following exercise cessation (Recovery) during both CRE and RE trials. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-th17-cells-response-th17-cells-at-pre-exercise-post-20a8thse.png Figure 3: Th17 cells response. Th17 Cells at pre-exercise, post-exercise, and recovery in response to cardiorespiratory (CRE) and resistance (RE) exercise in physically active (PA) and physically inactive (PI) groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-recruitment-and-retention-flow-chart-twenty-four-2q5hbty1.png Figure 1: Recruitment and Retention Flow Chart. Twenty four participants completed the study https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-subject-characteristics-physically-active-pa-n-12-6-1f12j03b.png Table 1: Subject Characteristics. Physically Active (PA; n=12; 6 males, 6 females). Physically Inactive (PI; n=12; 1 male, 11 females). https://scispace.com/papers/t-tank-farm-interim-cover-test-design-plan-303hx5x54v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-3-selected-method-for-measuring-soil-water-pressure-1tx2j33w.png Table 3.3. Selected Method for Measuring Soil Water Pressure and Decision Rationale https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-5-selected-method-to-monitor-soil-water-flux-and-2q7zb1qz.png Table 3.5. Selected Method to Monitor Soil Water Flux and Selection Rationale https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-selected-method-for-measuring-soil-temperature-and-c5x79o3a.png Table 3.4. Selected Method for Measuring Soil Temperature and Decision Rationale https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-schematic-of-decagon-drain-gauge-from-decagon-4vdt07ry.png Figure 3.2. Schematic of Decagon Drain Gauge (from Decagon 2003) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-time-series-of-soil-water-content-inside-x-y-81-le94sx98.png Figure 2.2. Time Series of Soil Water Content Inside [(x, y) = (81, 67) m] and Outside [(x, y) = (15, 67) m] the Interim Cover at Four Different Depths. The numbers by the curves are times and soil moisture contents at these times. The origin of the simulation domain in https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-4-cutout-of-figure-3-3-providing-close-up-of-2vuaeq4a.png Figure 3.4. Cutout of Figure 3.3 Providing Close-up of Instrument Locations Relative to the Interim Cover Edge and 100 Series Tanks. The distance between the instrument nests and the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-simulation-domain-without-and-with-an-interim-20rvgy99.png Figure 2.1. Simulation Domain Without and with an Interim Cover. The domain size was (x, y, z) = (148, 148, 55) m. The origin of the simulation domain in the Hanford coordinate system was (x0, y0) = (466710, 136650) m. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-hdu-installation-and-packing-material-layering-jlfrt13v.png Figure 3.6. HDU Installation and Packing Material Layering Scheme https://scispace.com/papers/tabs-and-tabulations-results-of-a-transaction-log-analysis-55pg06xzml 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-28os280f.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4vj03dav.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-383h5tpd.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2u9d1846.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1efiq8ok.png Table 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-g42k283j.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-o9ap80y7.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qr1ykh6z.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/papers/tagging-highly-boosted-top-quarks-19ej18q1vu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-efficiencies-for-tagging-c-a-r-1-4-0-8-calorimeter-fat-4dxofvrh.png FIG. 5. Efficiencies for tagging C/A R ¼ 0.8 calorimeter fat jets. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-efficiency-for-tagging-fat-particle-jets-with-pt-8sp3o2qg.png TABLE I. The efficiency for tagging fat particle jets with pT > 1.2 TeV for two samples of tt̄ events with top quark pT > 1 TeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-top-quark-mass-reconstructed-at-the-3ulnxrrr.png FIG. 7 (color online). Top quark mass reconstructed at the particle level with the HPTTopTagger using tt̄ events generated with PYTHIA and HERWIG++ for fat jets with pT > 1.2 TeV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-angular-separation-dr-1-4-3s55j5d4.png FIG. 1. Angular separation ΔR ¼ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ðΔηÞ2 þ ðΔϕÞ2 p of the two closest quarks in the top quark decay t → bqq0 as a function of the top quark pT . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-color-online-invariant-mass-of-the-two-top-quarks-from-3myd870e.png FIG. 8 (color online). Invariant mass of the two top quarks from the decay Z0 → tt̄ (“ true Z0 ”) after QCD radiation for two Z0 masses and the corresponding reconstructed distributions when using the HPTTopTagger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-online-invariant-ditop-mass-reconstructed-with-1jtufu5l.png FIG. 9 (color online). Invariant ditop mass, reconstructed with the HPTTopTagger, from 300 fb−1 of decays of Z0 bosons of mass (a) 3 TeV and (b) 5 TeV, produced in pp collisions at ffiffi s p ¼ 14 TeV. Also shown is the background from QCD dijet production. The signal-to-noise ratio S=B and the significance S= ffiffiffi B https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-ratio-adsubjetth-aj-for-the-three-subjets-found-by-3aus9drc.png FIG. 2. The ratio αðsubjetÞ=αj for the three subjets found by the HPTTopTagger in fat jets in events with Z0 → tt̄ decays where mZ0 ¼ 3TeV. Subjet 1 is the leading pT subjet and subjet 2 the subleading pT subjet. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-fat-jet-energy-fraction-carried-by-charged-152zc8sg.png FIG. 3. (a) The fat jet energy fraction carried by charged particles with pT > 500 MeV (Etracks=Ejet) and by charged particles with pT > 500 MeV plus photons. (b) The top quark candidate mass reconstructed at the particle level using the HPTTopTagger as defined in Sec. II (mtracks) and when adding photons (mtracksþγ) or all particles (mjet) in step 2. https://scispace.com/papers/tailored-subcycle-nonlinearities-of-ultrastrong-light-matter-xnhx992sxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-experimental-amplitude-spectrum-anldnt-ntth-of-the-1niflyjb.png FIG. 3. (a) Experimental amplitude spectrum Anlðνt; ντÞ of the time-domain data of Figure 2(c), normalized to its peak value. Dashed lines as guides to the eye mark third-order processes with only one resonance. The dashed circle shows four-wave mixing processes of the UP and the DPP. (b) Schematic of a four-wave-mixing process. Two photons from field Awith wave vectors kA, resonant to the UP (left-hand green waveforms), create a virtual excitation which is mixed down to the polariton frequency by emission of a photon into field B with wave vector kB (right-hand green waveform). Reemission into the far field is illustrated by the light gray arrow. Other virtual levels jUP;DPPi, jDPP;DPPi involving the UP state are also shown. (c)–(f) Liouville path analysis of nonlinear interactions. (c) Decomposition of the four-wave-mixing processes of the LP (blue arrows), DPP (red arrows), and UP resonances (green arrows), individually. (d) Liouville path for a four-wave-mixing process combining the nonlinear polarization of the LP and the DPP. (e),(f) Fourwave-mixing processes mixing the UP and DPP resonances. The black dot shows the virtual level jUP;DPPi [see (b)]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-experimental-geometry-of-two-dimensional-terahertz-72hlgtb8.png FIG. 2. (a) Experimental geometry of two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy. t is the electro-optic delay time (real time). τ is the relative delay of the two terahertz waveforms. (b) Measured nonlinear response Enlðt; τÞ for νc ¼ 0 THz. (c) Enlðt; τÞ at the anticrossing point, where νc ≈ νLC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-calculation-results-a-population-of-each-landau-level-3i7rlndw.png FIG. 4. Calculation results. (a) Population of each Landau level for the setting of Fig. 2(c). The dashed lines show the threshold energy for longitudinal optical phonon scattering (see text). (b) Population of the LC and DP cavity modes for τ ¼ 0 ps. (c) Electronic excitation ρexc. (d) Calculated response Enlðt; τÞ considering only band structure effects. (e) Amplitude spectrum of the data of (d), normalized to its peak value. (f) Enlðt; τÞ from our full theory including Coulomb effects. (g) Amplitude spectrum of the data of (f), normalized to its peak value. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ultrastrongly-light-matter-coupled-structure-a-the-9d6mqfor.png FIG. 1. Ultrastrongly light-matter coupled structure. (a) The terahertz far field (red waveform) couples to the modes of the resonator (gold structure) with a strength defined by the Rabi frequency ΩR. Gray layer: quantum wells (QWs). The magnified area shows the near field amplitude inside the resonator gap. Here, vacuum field fluctuations of the resonator mode (upper right-hand graph) couple to the Landau levels (lower right-hand schematic) of the QWs with a vacuum Rabi frequency ΩvR. (b) Measured transmission spectra as a function of the cyclotron frequency vc. The dotted curves show the lower (LP) and upper polariton mode (UP) obtained from Hopfield’s model for a coupling strength ofΩvR=ωc ¼ 0.77. DPP: additional polaritonmode. The vertical dotted line marks the anticrossing point, vc ¼ 0.84 THz. The diagonal dotted line highlights the cyclotron resonance. The arrows indicate the frequencies of the uncoupled LC and DP cavity modes, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/tailoring-the-textural-properties-of-hierarchical-porous-3zmzvwaxam 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-solid-13c-nmr-spectra-of-from-top-to-bottom-ru00c-g-3ib5fu4l.png Figure 4 – Solid 13C NMR spectra of (from top to bottom) RU00C-G, RU05C-G, RU10C-G and RU20C-G. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ftir-spectra-of-ru00c-g-a-ru05c-g-b-ru10c-g-c-and-e9hvmvv8.png Figure 5 – FTIR spectra of RU00C-G (a), RU05C-G (b), RU10C-G (c) and RU20C-G (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-bjh-dft-and-2d-nldft-hs-pore-size-distributions-of-qkv6u3ca.png Figure 9 – BJH, DFT and 2D-NLDFT-HS pore size distributions of the different resins and carbons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dsc-traces-of-ru00c-des-ru05c-des-ru10c-des-and-2no9tu9l.png Figure 2 – DSC traces of RU00C-DES, RU05C-DES, RU10C-DES and RU20C-DES. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-left-panel-n2-adsorption-desorption-isotherms-at-77-1cxtopoy.png Figure 7 – Left panel: N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K (a) and CO2 adsorption/desorption isotherms at 273 K (b) of RU00C-G, RU05C-G, RU10C-G and RU20C-G. Right panel: N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K (c) and CO2 adsorption/desorption isotherms at 273 K (d) of RU00C-C, RU05C-C, RU10C-C and RU20C-C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tga-curves-of-ru00c-g-ru05c-g-ru10c-g-and-ru20c-g-2mdj3rnr.png Figure 3 – TGA curves of RU00C-G, RU05C-G, RU10C -G and RU20C-G in a N2 atmosphere. https://scispace.com/papers/taking-a-note-from-marketing-research-in-sustainable-hci-1xzb6kkgyy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-five-stage-model-of-the-buying-decision-process-1d3urosd.png Figure 1: Five Stage Model of the Buying Decision Process (adapted from Kotler [5]). https://scispace.com/papers/tailored-zeolites-for-the-removal-of-metal-oxyanions-30gulfjiwo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-retention-of-a-metal-oxyanion-by-pr-2x1szux7.png Fig. 4. Retention of a metal oxyanion by pr https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-different-mmzs-and-uptake-capacities-for-j9zlyd6z.png Table 2 Overview of different MMZs and uptake capacities for Cr(VI) and As(III)/As(V). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-adsorption-of-a-meta-2pky8ex9.png Fig. 2. Adsorption of a meta https://scispace.com/papers/talk-about-self-harm-tash-participatory-action-research-with-4keecvvczz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-type-of-self-harm-27tskriu.png Figure 2: Type of self harm https://scispace.com/papers/tandem-duplications-in-the-c-terminal-domain-of-the-5a304nbkt5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-genotyping-in-turdus-species-with-less-than-3-2cunubjm.png Table 2 Genotyping in Turdus species with less than 3 specimens https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distributions-of-wildtype-and-duplicated-alleles-2nootm5z.png Table 1 Distributions of wildtype and duplicated alleles among Turdus and Zoothera thrushes https://scispace.com/papers/tangent-point-self-avoidance-energies-for-curves-4z1qq3bh8r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-intersection-of-the-doubly-conical-region-k-zi-9oqf1pwq.png Figure 1. The intersection of the doubly conical region K(zi,zi+1) with the plane Pi is contained in the ball B(z̃i, h̃)⊂ B(xi,2ε). https://scispace.com/papers/tar-channel-access-mechanism-for-vanet-safety-critical-1kq5erkesx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tar-channel-access-17strxbq.png Fig. 2. TAR Channel Access https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-collision-rates-for-ieee-802-11-dcf-mode-and-tar-15j32sfv.png Fig. 5. Collision rates for IEEE 802.11 DCF mode and TAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-values-of-the-inter-transmission-delay-in-k2z8yidi.png TABLE I AVERAGE VALUES OF THE INTER-TRANSMISSION DELAY IN MILLISECONDS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-short-term-fairness-comparison-between-tar-and-ieee-givetr8o.png Fig. 6. Short term fairness comparison between TAR and IEEE 802.11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-of-vehicular-critical-situation-plvnlstw.png Fig. 1. Example of vehicular critical situation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-throughput-comparison-between-ieee-802-11-and-tar-2p64ou4e.png Fig. 4. Throughput comparison between IEEE 802.11 and TAR https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-tar-mechanism-1rzzitpo.png Fig. 3. Example of TAR Mechanism https://scispace.com/papers/target-dna-recognition-using-electrochemical-impedance-2qsbsqpozb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-typical-capacitance-a-and-conductance-b-data-1pw0njzn.png Figure 2: Typical capacitance (a) and conductance (b) data obtained from EIS for a bare Au electrode, ssDNA/MCE modified electrode, and ssDNA/MCE modified electrodes exposed to different DNA target https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-identically-ssdna-mce-modified-gold-electrodes-130l3ggj.png Figure 1: Two identically ssDNA/MCE modified gold electrodes used for analyte DNA detection in an electrochemical cell containing a solution of 5 mM ferrous/ferric cyanide and 300 mM KCl. https://scispace.com/papers/targeted-and-non-targeted-forensic-profiling-of-black-powder-1u5cwaz76h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-targeted-analysis-of-perchlorate-3lrcj92z.png Table 2 – Results from targeted analysis of perchlorate, benzoate, nitrate and chlorate in Pyrodex-contaminated palm sweat samples and fingermarks (n = 3). The column “Target ion” reports the data concerning the most abundant isotopes of the respective analyte target ion. Data includes inaccuracy in measured m/z (δm/z) and absolute deviation of relative isotope abundance (DRIA), which were interpreted with respect to the intensity of the monoisotopic peak (IA). Observed retention times (tR) and estimated amounts are also reported. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-extracted-ion-chromatograms-eics-of-a-mixed-2hm8f8be.png Figure 4 – Extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of a mixed solution of the 19 target anions plus the internal 16 standard (IS) at 1 mg L-1 in 50:50 EtOH:H2O, after analysis by the developed IC-HRMS method 17 18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-new-m-z-signals-detected-in-gsr-samples-ln7h1ut9.png Table 3 – List of new m/z signals detected in GSR samples after non-targeted analysis, with related retention times (tR) and most probable identities suggested after preliminary structural elucidation. “Potential formulae” refers to the number of possible elemental compositions obtained after heuristic filtering using Seven Golden Rules, whilst inaccuracy of m/z values (δm/z) is calculated as the difference between the measured m/z and that of the most probable compound identified for that signal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-figures-of-merit-for-the-developed-ethanol-enhanced-1ee1xds5.png Table 1 – Figures of merit for the developed ethanol-enhanced IC-HRMS method. Determination ranges were inspected using linear and quadratic models, and are reported as the intervals of concentrations that allow for R2 > 0.99. Inaccuracy of m/z value (δm/z), repeatability of retention time (tR) and repeatability of peak area (PA) were measured on 6 replicates at two different concentrations: 100 and 1000 µg L-1. Six compounds could not be detected with the HRMS instrument used and only their IC-SCD retention times and exact m/z values are reported. https://scispace.com/papers/targeting-the-water-network-in-cyclin-g-associated-kinase-4s70r8mqrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-investigation-of-water-pocket-with-isoteric-8w0yx0m1.png Table 4. Investigation of water pocket with isoteric replacement of meta-methoxy group and different hinge binders. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-investigation-of-water-pocket-with-isosteric-8h3gglun.png Table 3. Investigation of water pocket with isosteric replacement of meta-methoxy on the 6-bromoquinoline. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-anilinoquinoline-gak-inhibitor-matched-pairs-with-3gvhlqfu.png Figure 1. 4-Anilinoquinoline GAK inhibitor matched pairs with GAK activity shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-previously-reported-gak-inhibitors-19lwnxno.png Figure 2. Previously reported GAK inhibitors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-main-watermap-hydration-sites-overlaid-with-1xxambvd.png Figure 6. Main WaterMap hydration sites overlaid with selected ligands A - SGC-GAK-1, B - 13, C - 30 and D - 27 in the GAK ATP binding domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-molecular-modelling-1-in-the-water-network-of-nak-b7fux52n.png Figure 4. Molecular Modelling 1 in the water network of NAK family members using WaterMap (high energy waters are highlighted in red, lower energy waters are in green): A: GAK (PDB:5Y80); B: STK16 (PDB:2BUJ); C: BIKE (PDB: 4W9X); D: AAK1 (PDB: 5TE0) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-shows-additional-space-close-to-beta-sheet-at-the-2gtljnzy.png Figure 3. A: shows additional space close to beta-sheet at the back pocket occupied in favourable docking pose of compound SGC-GAK-1. B: shows that in case of AAK1 the corresponding back pocket area is filled by methionine side chain (same location as Thr123 in GAK) for comparison. C: red sphere shows location of high energy (5.9 kcal/mol) hydration site in GAK. D: shows that high energy hydration site is actually dewetted (very low water occupancy) in WaterMap simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-crystal-structures-of-13-a-29-b-14-c-27-d-and-25-e-391iqnva.png Figure 8. Crystal structures of 13 (A), 29 (B), 14 (C), 27 (D) and 25 (E). ADP ellipsoids are displayed at 50% probability. Counter ions are shown but solvent molecules are not shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/tarkianite-cu-fe-re-mo-4s8-a-new-mineral-species-from-the-1og9x9rcpd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-euhedral-grain-of-tarkianite-associated-with-1lzlzg97.png FIG. 1. A euhedral grain of tarkianite associated with sperrylite (Sp) in heavy-mineral concentrate. Plane-polarized light, oil immersion, sample 2_72_6. Scale bar: 50 m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-chemical-composition-table-4-of-re-mo-cu-2q3ws8dq.png FIG. 3. Average chemical composition (Table 4) of Re–Mo– Cu sulfides plotted in terms of a) the triangular plot (Cu + Fe + Ni + Co) – (Re + Os + Mo) – S, and b) a binary plot of S versus (Re + Mo + Os). Symbols used: H: Hitura, tarkianite; L: Lukkulaisvaara, St: Stillwater, C: Coldwell, E: Ekojoki, and S: Sweden. https://scispace.com/papers/tax-incentives-for-innovation-in-the-context-of-qb06sa1dri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-maastricht-criterion-interest-rates-o80i9vf3.png Table 17. Maastricht criterion interest rates, % https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-total-investment-share-of-gdp-26wq8pta.png Table 6. Total investment share of GDP, % https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-intramural-r-d-expenditure-gerd-funding-by-business-1jl3kef4.png Table 4. Intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) funding by business enterprise sector, % of GERD https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-identifying-the-strength-and-nature-of-the-1yqtaaiz.png Table 9. Identifying the strength and nature of the relationship between R&D tax incentives and the share of R&D expenditures financed by the business sector (considering time lags for the period from 2007 to 2017) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-indirect-government-support-through-tax-breaks-on-r-p20cup05.png Table 2. Indirect government support through tax breaks on R&D, % of GDP https://scispace.com/figures/table-22-the-results-of-building-a-linear-regression-model-159i4byg.png Table 22. The results of building a linear regression model to assess the impact of R&D tax incentives on the share of investment in GDP (on Belgium's example) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-investment-by-corporate-sector-of-gfcf-2lquwijs.png Table 5. Investment by Corporate sector, % of GFCF https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-identifying-the-strength-and-nature-of-the-37bkslm2.png Table 12. Identifying the strength and nature of the relationship between R&D tax incentives and the net international investment position (considering time lags for the period from 2007 to 2017) https://scispace.com/papers/tax-treaty-disputes-a-global-quantitative-analysis-p5m75e9p9l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-6-share-of-disputes-relating-to-the-six-most-1g9qhdhe.png Figure 17.6 Share of Disputes Relating to the Six Most Common Non-G20 Hub Treaty Partners, by Decade of the Last Fiscal Year Concerned, 1940s–2000s (simple average across countries) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-5-share-of-disputes-relating-to-the-six-most-1nznz02q.png Figure 17.5 Share of Disputes Relating to the Six Most Common G20 Treaty Partners, by Decade of the Last Fiscal Year Concerned, 1940s–2000s (simple average across countries) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-21-share-of-disputes-concerning-the-most-commonly-ed340spb.png Figure 17.21 Share of Disputes Concerning the Most Commonly Disputed Articles, by Decade of the Last Fiscal Year Concerned, and by Country Grouping https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-22-ten-most-disputed-treaty-articles-in-the-g20-1fpsq2aj.png Figure 17.22 Ten Most Disputed Treaty Articles in the G20, Measured by Combined Share of Disputes in the Treaty’s G20 Signatories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-9-the-g20-tax-treaty-dispute-network-1970s-3noehkrr.png Figure 17.9 The G20 Tax Treaty Dispute Network, 1970s https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-16-government-victory-rate-by-article-all-articles-11eigkdd.png Figure 17.16 Government Victory Rate by Article, All Articles (simple average across countries) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-15-government-victory-rate-by-treaty-partner-370l4dk8.png Figure 17.15 Government Victory Rate by Treaty Partner (simple average across countries in which the dispute took place) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-18-number-of-disputes-concerning-the-most-commonly-2on8k2p5.png Figure 17.18 Number of Disputes Concerning the Most Commonly Disputed Articles, Segmented by Country Grouping https://scispace.com/papers/tdcs-increases-anxiety-reactivity-to-intentional-worry-4e6tso4vp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-change-in-state-anxiety-from-pre-to-post-worry-2ff7oo4i.png Figure 3. Change in state anxiety from pre to post worry induction (Worry reactivity) and from post worry-induction to post breathing focus 2 (Worry recovery). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-levels-of-state-anxiety-at-each-assessment-point-19j91xrh.png Figure 2. Levels of state anxiety at each assessment point across active and sham tDCS groups. Error bars show standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-order-and-timing-of-experimental-procedures-idu2k5q7.png Figure 1. Order and timing of experimental procedures. Participants initially completed baseline questionnaire (BQ) measures before electrode attachment and initiation of tDCS/sham stimulation. Five minutes of stimulation/sham was delivered before the mindfulness/mind wandering component began. In addition to completion at baseline, state anxiety (SA) was assessed post-tDCS, pre intrusion-assessment 1, pre worry-induction, post worry-induction, and post intrusion-assessment 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-data-showing-the-mean-frequency-of-3sixn6fg.png Table 2 Descriptive data showing the mean frequency of negative thought intrusions reported by participants during each of the assessment points – pre and post worry induction. Standard deviations given in parentheses. https://scispace.com/papers/tco-evaluation-in-physical-asset-management-benefits-and-4xz56qnuxw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-tco-benefits-results-from-the-case-study-3u12mtxe.png Table 3. The TCO benefits: results from the case study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relevance-and-critical-factors-of-tco-in-process-and-1ijmeyrz.png Table 2. Relevance and critical factors of TCO in process and manufacturing industries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-framework-3a1nvvcw.png Table 1. Framework https://scispace.com/papers/teacher-quality-and-educational-equality-do-teachers-with-17mfamxpnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-student-and-teacher-descriptive-statistics-e8g4cafo.png Table 1. Student and Teacher Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-teacher-evaluation-scores-for-grade-4-6-3neel86q.png Table 2. Average Teacher Evaluation Scores for Grade 4–6 Classrooms, by Poverty Level, Minority Concentration, and Reading and Math Pretest Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-differences-between-good-and-bad-teachers-19by8sg2.png Table 5. Estimated Differences between “Good” and “Bad” Teachers on the Outcomes: Classroom Mean Achievement and Within-Classroom Slopes for Pretest, Poverty Status, and Minority Status https://scispace.com/papers/teacher-reported-problem-behaviour-in-turkish-immigrant-and-4uywfe8ofi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trf-anxious-depressed-items-for-which-signi-r-cant-24gtrgle.png Table 1. TRF anxious/depressed items for which signi®cant effects (P<0.01) between Turkish versus Dutch teachers reporting about Turkish immigrant children were found https://scispace.com/papers/teachers-as-co-designers-of-technology-rich-learning-13ni6txjiu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-an-overview-of-the-instruments-qexlflmt.png Table 2. An overview of the instruments. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-and-gender-of-pupils-at-the-start-of-pictopal-oc3fypeq.png Table 1. Number and gender of pupils at the start of PictoPal implementation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-on-computer-activity-creating-a-recipe-left-off-hq7vemjt.png Figure 2. On computer activity: creating a recipe (left), off computer activity: using the recipe to cook (right). https://scispace.com/papers/teachers-perceptions-of-the-implementation-of-multicultural-4cmqnss5tz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-list-of-participants-37zxjic8.png TABLE I: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-data-analysis-in-qualitative-research-1265oqtw.png Fig. I: Data Analysis in Qualitative Research. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-ii-visual-model-of-coding-process-1rcqs5d1.png Fig II: Visual Model of Coding Process https://scispace.com/papers/teaching-discrete-mathematics-to-computer-science-students-4izt5ki1mr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-man-wolf-goat-cabbage-lts-9em1kdyw.png Fig. 4. The Man-Wolf-Goat-Cabbage LTS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-two-vending-machines-1hir26j2.png Fig. 6. Two Vending Machines. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-lamp-process-1aomdeo1.png Fig. 3. The lamp process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-computing-the-greatest-common-divisor-27klz11a.png Fig. 2. Computing the greatest common divisor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-water-jug-riddle-moves-1qpatpuj.png Fig. 5. Water jug riddle moves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trends-of-students-achieving-1st-class-and-failing-1zxwi28z.png Fig. 1. Trends of students achieving 1st-class and failing results; and class sizes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-simple-lts-2e93474s.png Fig. 7. A simple LTS. https://scispace.com/papers/technical-basis-for-evaluating-software-related-common-cause-43gl4mfnfx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sar-chapter-15-conservation-analysis-left-and-d3-best-3dumhi8b.png Fig. 1. SAR Chapter 15 conservation analysis (left) and D3 best estimate analysis (right) for an uncontrolled RCCA withdrawal at power and a software CCF in the protection system (Source: US EPR FSAR and ANP 10304). https://scispace.com/papers/team-effectiveness-in-non-governmental-organizations-ngos-4tp22nhd3e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fit-indices-270hsqrn.png Table 4. Fit Indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-items-for-team-effectiveness-in-ngo-projects-1azeq3m3.png Table 2. Items for Team Effectiveness in NGO projects https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-composite-reliability-and-ave-25po9g6h.png Table 5. Composite Reliability and AVE https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factors-derived-from-exploratory-factor-analysis-n0krwf9b.png Table 3. Factors derived from Exploratory Factor Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-output-of-path-model-for-team-effectiveness-1x0wx8n2.png Figure 1. Output of Path Model for Team Effectiveness https://scispace.com/papers/technical-maturation-of-the-spaceliner-concept-1nrcsxmczm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulated-potential-sonic-boom-noise-carpet-of-17zdlezb.png Figure 4: Simulated potential sonic boom noise carpet of SpaceLiner passage over East Asia and Indonesia, with final approach over Australia https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spaceliner-main-engine-slme-technical-data-6f5u61z8.png Table 4: SpaceLiner Main Engine (SLME) technical data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-von-mises-stress-distribution-in-passenger-capsule-30fzbj55.png Figure 12: Von Mises stress distribution in passenger capsule in case of emergency ejection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-spaceliner-vision-of-a-rocket-propelled-2579ikgs.png Figure 1: The SpaceLiner vision of a rocket-propelled intercontinental passenger transport, the latest configuration 7-1 is shown, could push spaceflight further than any other credible scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometrical-data-of-spaceliner-7-1-booster-stage-agaha0s8.png Table 1: Geometrical data of SpaceLiner 7-1 booster stage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sketch-of-latest-spaceliner-7-1-launch-4vze9snj.png Figure 5: Sketch of latest SpaceLiner 7-1 launch configuration with passenger stage on top and booster stage at bottom position with approximate location of stage attachment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-euler-cfd-results-of-spaceliner-7-1-orbiter-at-m-18-o6t10zvi.png Figure 8: Euler CFD-results of SpaceLiner 7-1 orbiter at M= 18, α= 10° from ESA-ESTEC calculation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geometrical-data-of-spaceliner-7-1-orbiter-stage-12k6www1.png Table 3: Geometrical data of SpaceLiner 7-1 orbiter stage https://scispace.com/papers/techniques-for-improving-opportunistic-sensor-networking-59y8nb4uj9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-3kcrvpko.png Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1dduz8yx.png Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-partial-campus-map-showing-the-northwest-corner-of-3b944kon.png Fig. 2. A partial campus map showing the northwest corner of the Columbia University campus. The map is sectioned into a 10x10 grid (solid lines), and a connectivity graph (solid squares in the center of each grid square, and dotted lines) of the sections is derived on the basis of doors, pathways, etc. in the actual campus. This graph serves as the basis for the campus scenario probability transition matrix used in Section 3.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ro7w164y.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-xjjhrgjb.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-n2-element-markov-chain-models-a-neighborhood-where-3d79ywog.png Fig. 1. An N2 element Markov chain models a neighborhood where the states represent a grid of points covering the 2-D ground surface of the neighborhood. The grid points are numbered as shown in Figure 1(a). We study a toroidal scenario where nodes may move north, east, south, west, or remain stationary with equal probability (Figure 1(b)); and a more realistic scenario where transition probabilities are derived from the connectivity graph shown in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/papers/techno-economic-analysis-of-residential-thermal-flexibility-3tkw3gspxf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-valorisation-scenarios-1ur9xd9u.png TABLE III: Summary of valorisation scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-flexibility-aggregator-as-new-market-actor-13ejs7iw.png Fig. 1: Flexibility aggregator as new market actor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thermal-flexibility-potential-for-heat-pump-airdgdv8.png Fig. 3: Thermal flexibility potential for heat pump https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overview-of-the-control-framework-19r0lg9n.png Fig. 2: Overview of the control framework https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-aggregated-downwards-flexibility-3nfoj26y.png Fig. 4: Aggregated downwards flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-cost-of-aggregated-downwards-flexibility-1b7g8b92.png Fig. 5: Cost of aggregated downwards flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-aggregated-upwards-flexibility-2rlblhyy.png Fig. 6: Aggregated upwards flexibility https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-cost-of-aggregated-upwards-flexibility-ea8apx6h.png Fig. 7: Cost of aggregated upwards flexibility https://scispace.com/papers/technologies-as-a-means-meetings-as-an-end-urban-42t8l4mjli 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-conversation-between-a-participant-from-rio-and-one-i03exv1t.png Fig. 3. Conversation between a participant from Rio and one from Paraiba state (this last in north-eastern) in the group "Os Fechamentos"4 (Source: author) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-posts-on-whatsapp-group-1-party-advertising-at-the-sao-2j9wyhc6.png Fig. 1. Posts on WhatsApp group: 1) party advertising at the São Cristóvão Fair; 2) food and drinks in one of the group barbeques; 3) and 4) photos of members on two physical https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-participants-celebrate-success-of-the-barbeque-1tj1b05s.png Fig. 4. Participants celebrate "success" of the barbeque; administrators remove "lurkers"5 (Source: author) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-conversations-about-hometowns-above-one-participant-is-2xhd1hks.png Fig. 2. Conversations about hometowns; above, one participant is from Rio de Janeiro and the others are from the Northeast, but live in Rio2 (Source: author) https://scispace.com/papers/technology-s-winding-path-implications-for-south-african-3ldj3rhi6m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-project-mix-5vux46as.png Fig. 2. Project Mix. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-fact-emotion-balance-38oozyst.png Fig. 4. The Fact/Emotion Balance. https://scispace.com/papers/telecom-band-quantum-optics-with-ytterbium-atoms-and-silicon-24w5h67w2b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-coupling-an-yb-atom-to-a-silicon-photonic-crystal-386zdx85.png FIG. 5. Coupling an Yb atom to a silicon photonic crystal cavity via an optical tweezer trap. (a) An enlargement illustrating the atom in a tweezer near the device at a distance dtwzr. (b) The electic field magnitude of the tweezer trap in arbitrary units at a distance of dtwzr = 350 nm from the edge of the device. (c) Schematic of the silicon chip. The silicon top layer is brown and the insulator layer below is orange. The blue microstrips on the chip are used for Ohmic temperature control and applying rf magnetic fields. The lensed fiber on the right can be coupled to any cavity using a three-dimensional (3D) translation stage. Wavy white lines indicate cuts to show the entire chip. The green circle on the left is the Yb MOT. Atoms can be shuffled between it and the device using optical tweezers. This architecture allows simultaneous operation of multiple Yb-cavity nodes on a single device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-yb-level-structure-and-excitation-scheme-for-171yb-a-1mmv4gr1.png FIG. 7. Yb+ level structure, and excitation scheme for 171Yb+. (a) The relavent levels of Yb+, showing their wavelengths and linewidths. The thick red line shows the proposed telecom transition. (b) Three-level scheme by which quantum information in the ground state can be entangled with a telecom photon via the proposed telecom transition resonant with the cavity mode. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-overview-silicon-photonic-crystal-cavity-3c7rdk36.png FIG. 1. Schematic overview. Silicon photonic crystal cavity with an 171Yb atom trapped nearby in an optical tweezer. The minimum atom-device separation dtwzr ≈ 350 nm allowed by our approach corresponds to an atom-cavity system on a strong telecom-band transition with vacuum Rabi frequency g0/2π ≈ 100 MHz and emission bandwidth of 1D/2π ≈ 15 MHz, for a partially open cavity with external coupling κe/2π ≈ 2.7 GHz and atomic free-space linewidth of /2π = 0.32 MHz. The nuclear spin projections mI are of the I = 1/2 nuclear spin of 171Yb. The photon in the cavity is coupled to an optical fiber with length L ∼ 100 km. This system constitutes a node in a telecom quantum repeater in which entanglement between nodes is established by a Bell state measurement using a 50:50 beam splitter (BS) and single-photon detectors (PD). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-tweezer-trapping-in-a-fiber-fabry-perot-cavity-a-the-6vusjd60.png FIG. 6. Tweezer trapping in a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity. (a) The geometry of the fiber FP cavity and the tweezer trap at the center. (b) An enlargement of the center±2 μm of the cavity mode. The black ellipse shows a liberal estimate of the atomic wave function in a tweezer trap as described in Sec. V. (c) The efficiencies associated with the fiber cavity vs Fe (see text). Pcavity (orange long-dashed line), ηcoll (green short-dashed), and their product ηext (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spin-photon-entanglement-scheme-and-quantum-repeater-3qfrbdlo.png FIG. 3. Spin-photon entanglement scheme and quantum repeater operation. (a) The relevant (irrelevant) hyperfine states are shown in solid (semitransparent) colors. The cavity-enhanced transition wavelength is λcavity. (b) A single trapped 171Yb atom in a cavity is represented by a green dot inside two curved semicircles. Local node pairs are shown in the dashed box. Node pairs are separated by L0. BS denotes the beam splitter and PD the single-photon detector. (c) The entanglement distribution rate versus total distance via direct communication at 10 GHz for 1550 nm (solid blue curve) and 1390 nm (large-dashed orange) and via a quantum repeater with 24 nodes with (without) local deterministic entanglement, shown as a solid red (short-dashed green) curve. Note that a 10-GHz rate for the direct transmission scheme [62] can be interpreted as an information-theoretic bound for information distribution without quantum repeaters if an ideal single-photon source with a 10/1.44 = 6.9-GHz repetition rate is employed [63]. (d) The entanglement distribution rate over 600 km versus the number of nodes via direct communication at 10 GHz for 1550 nm (solid blue) and 1390 nm (large-dashed orange, not visible) and via a quantum repeater with (without) local deterministic entanglement, shown as a solid red (short-dashed green) curve. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-level-diagram-of-the-relevant-states-of-171yb-a-low-3kjc27ls.png FIG. 2. Level diagram of the relevant states of 171Yb. (a) Low-lying states of Yb in the singlet and triplet manifolds. The telecom transitions from the metastable 6s6p 3PJ states to the 5d6s 3D1 state are highlighted in the red box. (b) Enlargement of the highlighted transitions. The nuclear spin in 171Yb is I = 1/2, so the hyperfine states are given by F = 1/2 when J = 0 and F = {J + 1/2, J − 1/2} when J ≥ 1. The lifetimes of the 3PJ states, transition wavelengths, and transition linewidths, as well as the lifetime and hyperfine splitting of the 3D1 state, are given. We employ the transition shown with the orange double arrow. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-design-and-characterization-of-the-si-cavity-a-pmsknz9n.png FIG. 4. Design and characterization of the Si cavity. (a) Schematic of the photonic crystal cavity. The different colors show the different sections of the cavity. (b) An enlargement of the first mirror section of the photonic cavity. (c) The TE mode band structure of the air (green) and dielectric (blue) mode. The red dashed line is the atomic resonance and the shaded gray region is outside the light cone. (d) The coherent coupling rate g0 shown on a color map as a function of distance in the y and z directions from the center antinode of the photonic cavity (x = 0) in the bottom image, and the profile along the x direction across the center tooth in the top image. The red ellipse and circle show the size of the atomic motional wave function (see Sec. V). (e) The blue left vertical scale shows the line cut of the coherent coupling rate for x = z = 0 versus the distance from the surface. The dashed line represents the value of g0 for which C0 = 1. The green right vertical scale shows the surface force from the photonic crystal on the atom. The curve is meant to show the qualitative scaling only. The dashed line shows the maximum restoring force from an optical tweezer of depth 1 mK and waist of approximately 330 nm. The vertical red line shows the proposed position of the atom at dtwzr = 350 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/telecom-regulatory-and-policy-environment-in-the-philippines-57jwyi3wl2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-tre-quality-of-services-2008-27fe5ywu.png Figure 8: TRE Quality of Services (2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tre-tarrifs-2006-and-2008-2k8ffsde.png Figure 5: TRE Tarrifs (2006 and 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regional-teledensity-across-the-philippines-as-of-3su08oek.png Table 1: Regional Teledensity Across the Philippines (as of December 2005) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-tre-2008-summary-results-17o43q6l.png Figure 9: TRE 2008 Summary Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-market-share-among-fixed-phone-providers-2cgo8s9d.png Table 4: Market Share among fixed phone providers https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mobile-service-rates-for-pre-paid-users-oi3epl3d.png Table 5: Mobile Service Rates for Pre-paid Users https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-tre-universal-service-obligation-2006-and-2008-1r9qqpnf.png Figure 7: TRE Universal Service Obligation (2006 and 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tre-market-entry-perceptions-2006-and-2008-2y6di87n.png Figure 2: TRE Market Entry perceptions (2006 and 2008) https://scispace.com/papers/teleworking-effect-on-traffic-and-air-pollution-2lnpg1bvao 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-seemingly-unrelated-regression-sur-system-random-gfb3df0h.png Table 6. Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) System Random Effects within a radius of 10 km https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-1g5lzszm.png Table 1. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fixed-effects-and-2sls-for-air-pollution-within-5-km-3bmee3kz.png Table 5. Fixed Effects and 2SLS for Air Pollution within 5 km Radius https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-matrix-1f35vx80.png Table 2. Correlation Matrix https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-control-technology-by-heat-capacity-change-upon-25rlvo8044 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-g95iv2fw.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-2kx5nfol.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-34h3a8gz.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-2vn7mrmg.png Fig. 7 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-nec095fk.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-1ca7wdu1.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependence-of-the-electronic-structure-of-the-j-4xtta61tzl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-total-densities-of-states-with-variation-2ytb17j9.png FIG. 3. Color online Total densities of states with variation in the Ir–O–Ir bond angle. EF represents the Fermi level. The inset shows the rotation of the two neighboring octahedra. The large green and small blue circles represent Ir and O atoms, respectively. denotes the Ir–O–Ir bond angle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-temperature-dependent-changes-in-energy-solid-square-2pjt3ldw.png FIG. 2. a Temperature-dependent changes in energy solid square and width open circle of the peak . b Temperaturedependent changes in the optical spectral weight of the peaks https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-schematic-band-diagram-of-the-1gfmgpx9.png FIG. 1. Color online a Schematic band diagram of the electronic structure of Sr2IrO4. EF represents the Fermi level. Peak corresponds to the optical transition from the lower Hubbard band to the upper Hubbard band of the Jeff= 1 2 states. Peak corresponds to the optical transition from the Jeff= 3 2 band to the upper Hubbard band of the Jeff= 1 2 states. b Temperature-dependent optical conductivity spectra of Sr2IrO4. As temperature increases, the peaks and become broader and the Mott gap decreases. The sharp spikes below the optical gap energy are due to optical phonon modes. The inset shows the result of Lorentz oscillator fit for at 10 K. Open circle and red line represent experimental and fitted , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-temperature-dependent-phonon-spectra-3467w7vn.png FIG. 4. Color online Temperature-dependent phonon spectra corresponding to a external, b bending, and c stretching modes. The insets of b show the atomic displacements corresponding to the bending modes Ref. 28 . The large green and small blue circles represent Ir and O atoms, respectively. d Peak positions of the phonon modes ph normalized to those at 10 K. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-dependence-of-the-excitation-spectrum-in-the-kyu2ly5ats 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-temperature-and-chemical-pressure-acr9304m.png FIG. 6. Color online Temperature and chemical pressure dependences of SP, normalized by the low-temperature values of ErTe3 and HoTe3 or by the values of LaTe3 in the RTe3 series. The temperature axis is normalized by the respective critical temperatures TCDW1 for ErTe3 and HoTe3 or TCDW for the RTe3 series, see text Refs. 9 and 10 . The vertical thin dotted lines mark the critical temperatures TCDW2 for ErTe3 and HoTe3. The BCS prediction Ref. 23 for the order parameter is shown for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-dc-1xdunpxl.png FIG. 1. Color online Temperature dependence of the dc resistivity for both title compounds within the ac plane and along the orthogonal b axis Ref. 10 . Both warming dashed lines and cooling solid lines cycles are shown. Vertical dashed lines mark the critical temperatures at TCDW1 and TCDW2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-r-a-and-1-b-in-2qq7vxj2.png FIG. 3. Color online Temperature dependence of R a and 1 b in the infrared energy interval for ErTe3. All spectra have been shifted for clarity by a constant value in R by 10% and in 1 by 1.5 103 cm −1 . The thin dashed lines at 300 and 10 K in both panels correspond to the resulting total Lorentz-Drude fit see text . In panel b , the fit components are shown with dasheddotted lines at 10 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-c-optical-reflectivity-r-of-erte3-and-6ccg612m.png FIG. 2. Color online a – c Optical reflectivity R of ErTe3 and HoTe3 at 10 and 300 K. Inset in panel a displays the crystal structure Ref. 9 . b – d Real part 1 of the optical conductivity of ErTe3 and HoTe3 at 10 and 300 K. Insets in panels b – d show the temperature dependence of the Drude scattering rate D see text . Vertical thin dotted lines mark the critical temperatures at TCDW1 and TCDW2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-r-a-and-1-b-in-u57bhdea.png FIG. 4. Color online Temperature dependence of R a and 1 b in the infrared energy interval for HoTe3. All spectra have been shifted for clarity by a constant value in R by 10% and in 1 by 1.5 103 cm −1 . The thin dashed lines at 300 and 10 K in both panels correspond to the resulting total Lorentz-Drude fit see text . In panel b , the fit components are shown with dasheddotted lines at 10 K. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-ratio-of-the-ungapped-fermi-surface-2k8w6luq.png FIG. 5. Color online Ratio of the ungapped Fermi surface plotted vs the single-particle excitation SP i.e., CDW gap for both title compounds. Temperature is here an implicit variable. Inset compares the trend of vs SP in temperature from the main panel for ErTe3 and HoTe3 with the chemical pressure results for selected compounds of the RTe3 series Ref. 14 . The polynomial lines through the data in main panel and inset are meant as guide to the eyes. https://scispace.com/papers/temperature-equilibration-behind-the-shock-front-an-optical-5ge7vnroac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-southwest-ha-filament-of-rcw-86-as-observed-with-3os2p0zj.png Figure 1. Southwest Hα filament of RCW 86, as observed with VLT/FORS2. Overlaid is the slit position used for the spectra in Figure 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ha-line-in-the-spectrum-of-the-seout-region-left-1y05j5q9.png Figure 2. Hα line in the spectrum of the SEout region (left) and for the SEin region (right). Overplotted in both figures are the individual broad and narrow components (dotted lines) and the total fit (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-temperature-histories-for-the-sein-location-tp-1-6-1gqrkltq.png Figure 5. Temperature histories for the SEin location (Tp = 1.6 keV) as functions of net for different Te values at the shock front. From top to bottom, the lines indicate a Te at the shock front of 1.10, 0.95, 0.80, 0.60, 0.40, 0.20, and 0.05 keV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-proton-and-electron-temperatures-x-and-y-axes-7m4l6y30.png Figure 6. Proton and electron temperatures (x- and y-axes, respectively) from Tables 1 and 2. The black data points show the electron temperature as calculated from the X-ray spectra. The red data points indicate electron temperatures at the shock front after correcting for Coulomb equilibration. The dotted line indicates Tp = Te. The dashed line indicates the electron temperature as calculated for a 400 km s−1 shock with thermal equilibrium behind the shock front; the relation found by Ghavamian et al. (2007) would be on this line. The points labeled “N G07” and “N LB90” refer to the same region in the north, with Tp based on the parameters of Ghavamian et al. (2007) and Long & Blair (1990), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-widths-of-broad-components-of-ha-lines-at-the-mf0xzwz7.png Table 1 Widths of Broad Components of Hα Lines at the Different Locations and Corresponding Post-shock Proton and Electron Temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectra-corresponding-to-the-regions-from-figure-3-mlicva2z.png Figure 4. Spectra corresponding to the regions from Figure 3. Red lines are the best-fitting models. The NE spectrum is multiplied by 1000, E by 20, SEin by 1, SEout by 0.3, N by 0.06, SW by 0.0003, and NW by 0.0007. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rgb-image-obtained-with-xmm-newton-shown-are-the-2ft0mfjf.png Figure 3. RGB image obtained with XMM-Newton. Shown are the regions from which the Hα lines have been obtained (white circles). The green boxes show regions from which we extracted the corresponding X-ray spectra. In this image, red indicates 0.5–1.0 keV, green 1.0–2.0 keV, and blue 2.0–4.0 keV. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-difference-learning-of-n-tuple-networks-for-the-5fr36u9wtg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-sample-sequence-of-initial-states-and-actions-2411pfuy.png Figure 1: A sample sequence of initial states and actions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-average-performances-of-learning-agents-after-500-k17gjty0.png Table I: Average performances of learning agents after 500 000 training games. ‘±’ precedes half of the width of the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-performance-of-the-three-learning-methods-with-2apwyyda.png Figure 9: Performance of the three learning methods with different learning rates as a function of the number of training games. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-td-afterstate-learning-applied-to-two-types-of-n-1ot4kd1i.png Figure 11: TD-AFTERSTATE learning applied to two types of n-tuple network architectures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-network-consisting-of-all-possible-2x3-rectangle-291h62me.png Figure 10: A network consisting of all possible 2×3 rectangle tuples (blue) and all possible straight 4-tuples (green). This network makes use of board symmetry (symmetric sampling), thus only two n-tuples of each kind are used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-action-evaluation-function-and-q-learning-3ml7l1qi.png Figure 4: The action evaluation function and Q-LEARNING. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-pseudocode-of-a-game-engine-with-moves-selected-uk1aikq2.png Figure 3: A pseudocode of a game engine with moves selected according to the evaluation function. If learning is enabled, the evaluation function is adjusted after each move. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-two-step-state-transition-occurring-after-taking-1xq2cxrt.png Figure 2: A two-step state transition occurring after taking the action a = RIGHT in the state s. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-stability-and-correctability-of-a-mwir-t2sl-focal-oor8y9y9z7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-criteria-used-to-classify-one-pixel-as-a-defective-1jhf3dyn.png Table 2 – Criteria used to classify one pixel as a defective one (advanced algorithm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-defective-pixels-map-detected-with-the-reference-3a1ndzra.png Figure 2 – Defective pixels map detected with the reference algorithm. 41 pixels are set aside, which represents an operability of 99.95%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-left-signal-delivered-by-a-pixel-affected-by-a-2-2cl0joc0.png Figure 9 – Left : signal delivered by a pixel affected by a 2-level RTS noise as a function of time ; Right : associated histogram, showing two distinct populations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-defective-pixels-map-detected-with-the-advanced-371fl2rm.png Figure 3 - Defective pixels map detected with the advanced algorithm. 49 pixels are set aside, which represents an operability of 99.94%. The 8 pixels which were not detected by the reference algorithm (Figure 2) are highlighted by red circles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ratio-between-residual-fixed-pattern-noise-rfpn-and-21c2lwtu.png Figure 8 - Ratio between residual fixed pattern noise (RFPN) and temporal noise (TN) as a function of well fill, for measurements realized in 2015 (blue) and 2018 (red). The gain and offset coefficient used in the two-point corrections are those calculated in 2015. 48 pixels were set aside by the advanced defective pixels detection algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-temporal-evolution-of-the-ratio-between-the-32pxm0k8.png Figure 7 - Temporal evolution of the ratio between the residual fixed pattern noise and the temporal noise @ 50% well fill, obtained with different data processing algorithms. Black curve : reference algorithm to detect defective pixels and two-point correction (TPC) with gain and offset coefficients calculated on the first day of the campaign ; Red curve : advanced algorithm to detect defective pixels and TPC with gain and offset coefficients calculated on the first day of the campaign ; Green and blue curves : advanced algorithm to detect defective pixels and TPC with low temperature image and high temperature image upgrade, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-signal-as-a-function-of-image-number-for-a-pixel-uoaqks3q.png Figure 11 – Signal as a function of image number for a pixel exhibiting a 2-level RTS noise (pixel n°5409). Measurements come from the concatenation of 17 cubes of 1024 images. The color of the curve changes each time a new cooling cycle is realized. Black curve: neighboring pixel with no RTS noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ratio-between-residual-fixed-pattern-noise-rfpn-and-34y75ej4.png Figure 4 - Ratio between residual fixed pattern noise (RFPN) and temporal noise (TN) as a function of well fill, for measurements realized during 7 weeks. Left : 41 defective pixels (identified with the reference algorithm) were set aside ; Right : 49 defective pixels (identified with the improved algorithm) were set aside. The gain and offset coefficient used in the two-point corrections are those calculated on the first day of the campaign. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-spatial-model-based-fault-diagnosis-vs-hidden-2irtavikin 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fdi-scheme-for-barcelona-water-network-75u97y9g.png Fig. 2. FDI Scheme for Barcelona Water Network https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-faults-signatures-lplsla4n.png TABLE I FAULTS SIGNATURES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-orioles-subsystem-1ysbdm2p.png Fig. 1. Orioles subsystem https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-faults-parametrization-and-detection-results-mfd-2e9o6ctn.png TABLE II FAULTS PARAMETRIZATION AND DETECTION RESULTS (MFD STANDS FOR MAXIMUM FLOW/DEMAND) https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-trends-sources-and-relationships-between-sediment-2fzgm19rrm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-seine-river-watershed-b-study-area-c-sediment-32xuise5.png Figure 1. A. Seine River watershed; B. Study Area; C. Sediment core locations in Martot Pond and D. Sediment core locations in Les Damps Pond. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-maximum-pcb-concentrations-in-sediment-2d2yi31i.png Table 3. Comparison of maximum PCB concentrations in sediment cores of several watersheds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-grain-size-distribution-d50-toc-hi-oi-and-rc-toc-5wv7rtq2.png Figure 2. Grain size distribution, D50, TOC, HI, OI, and RC/TOC for the MAR15-01 core (Martot Pond) and for the DAM15-02 and DAM17-02 cores (Les Damps Pond). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-correlation-matrix-of-pahs-pcbs-and-sediment-3u3nr6xi.png Figure 3. A. Correlation matrix of PAHs/PCBs and sediment characteristics for Martot and Les Damps ponds (Spearman correlation, p < 0.05 for all circles presented); B. ∑PAHs, 2-3-Rings, 4-Rings, 5-Rings, and 6-Rings (mg kg-1) versus RC/TOC for Les Damps Pond (from the correlation matrix). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sediment-cores-collected-in-les-damps-and-martot-1y9h6yi5.png Table 1. Sediment cores collected in Les Damps and Martot ponds (WGS 84). https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-trends-over-a-decade-of-defibrillator-therapy-for-3ltt8qlu72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risk-analysis-for-all-cause-mortality-1x7s7apk.png Table 2: Risk analysis for all-cause mortality https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-and-the-3-time-periods-xapvytkw.png Table 1: Baseline characteristics and the 3 time periods temporal trends of the 5,539 participants in the DAI-PP registry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-baseline-characteristics-of-the-5539-implanted-24c1ecix.png Figure 2: Baseline characteristics of the 5,539 implanted patients in the DAI-PP registry and according to the period of implantation 2002-2005, 2006-2009, 2010-2012. https://scispace.com/papers/temporal-stability-of-human-sperm-mosaic-mutations-results-5bfokaexq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-406-3uzo5e7s.png Figures 406 https://scispace.com/papers/tensions-in-dementia-care-in-china-an-interpretative-5255dzng0y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-people-with-dementia-sample-characteristics-n-10-1pi38ais.png Table 2. People with dementia sample characteristics (N = 10) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-caregiver-sample-characteristics-n-14-6x40wgy7.png Table 1. Caregiver sample characteristics (N = 14) https://scispace.com/papers/tenderness-an-enzymatic-view-1n73aru9q0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-promoter-structure-and-transcripts-generated-from-1h9vq3vl.png Fig. 3. The promoter structure and transcripts generated from the calpastatin gene. The diagram shows the generalised representation of the structure of the 50 end of the calpastatin gene in pigs and cattle below the domain structure of calpastatin, boxes indicate identified exons. Indicated are the predominant transcripts that originate from the promoters and transcription start sites, represented by the circles and arrows, respectively. These transcripts have exons alternative spliced to produce mRNA that encode for the three types of calpastatin protein (Type I, II and III calpastatins). Indicated by the initiating codon ATG is the 50 most start site of translation within each mRNA. Black boxes indicate non coding regions; hatched boxes indicate a amino acid coding region located within an exon that also contains non coding region; dark grey boxes indicate regions that code for the N terminal XL region of calpastatin; light grey boxes indicate regions that code for calpastatin (adapted from Parr et al., 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-changes-in-caspase-3-7-and-9-activities-and-protein-3bk4ksin.png Table 2 Changes in caspase 3/7 and 9 activities and protein levels of degraded poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP 89 kDa) and alpha II spectrin breakdown degradation product 120 kDa (SBDP120), the caspase-mediated proteolysis breakdown products, over time in porcine longissmus dorsi (LD) (adapted from Kemp, Bardsley, & Parr, 2006a, 2006b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-schematic-diagram-of-the-intrinsic-extrinsic-and-er-1pw3ne5z.png Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of the intrinsic, extrinsic and ER-mediated apoptosis pathways showing the caspases involved in each pathway. FADD- fas associated death domain, IAP- inhibitor of apoptosis, Smac- secondary mitochondrial activator of caspases, DIABLO- direct IAP-binding protein with low pI (adapted from Holcik, 2002). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-muscle-myofibrillar-3l1jsowr.png Fig. 1. Schematic representation of muscle myofibrillar proteins showing the major components of the sarcromere. Boxes indicate the cytoskeletal structures and proteins susceptible to post-mortem cleavage (adapted from Taylor et al., 1995a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-effects-of-incubating-porcine-myofibrils-with-rqp21qwn.png Fig. 5. The effects of incubating porcine myofibrils with recombinant caspase 3 (rC3). (a) The effect of incubating myofibrils for 0, 1, 2, 5 and 8 days at 4 C without or with 10 units of rC3. (b) The effect of co-incubation: lane 1 10 units rC3 + 5 mM EDTA, lane 2 no rC3 + 5 mM EDTA, lane 3 10 units rC3 + 50 ll semi-purified calpastatin, lane 4 10 units rC3 + Ac-DEVD-CHO (0.1 lg/ll). In both figures the major degradation products generated by caspase-mediated proteolysis are indicated by their molecular weights. Abbreviations: M, myosin heavy chain; a, a-actinin; D, desmin; A, actin; T, troponin-I (adapted from Kemp and Parr, 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-the-calcium-concentration-lm-required-1wbyvnke.png Table 1 Estimates of the calcium concentration (lM) required for activation, autolysis and interaction with calpastatin. The figures are the concentrations required for half maximal activity, binding or rate of autolysis (adapted from Goll et al., 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-correlation-between-slaughter-2-h-calpastatin-activity-rbmv6vxh.png Fig. 2. Correlation between slaughter (2 h) calpastatin activity ( 107 fluorescence units/kg) and 8 day shear force in porcine longissmus dorsi (LD) (unpublished observations). https://scispace.com/papers/tenure-track-contract-helps-self-selection-2fpkwemnql 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-utility-of-the-ap-2dimmfte.png Figure 1: The Utility of the AP https://scispace.com/papers/tensor-multi-scalar-theories-relativistic-stars-and-3-1-4klrt4nvgb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variables-and-conventions-used-in-this-paper-19f61mik.png Table 1. Variables and conventions used in this paper. Quantities above the horizontal line define the theory; quantities below the horizontal line refer to stellar models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-radial-profiles-different-panels-show-the-2ld2qzjs.png Figure 3.3. Radial profiles. Different panels show the profiles of the mass function m, metric potential ν, total energy density ρ and complex scalar field ψ, in units of c = G = M = 1. The profiles correspond to a scalarized star in the O(2)-symmetric theory with β0 = −5.0, β1 = α = 0, and fixed baryon mass MB = 1.70 M . The target space curvature is either r = 0.5 (spherical) or r = 0.5i (hyperboloidal). In the spherical case, the scalarized solution has a gravitational mass M = 1.54M , Jordan-frame areal radius R̃ = 13.0 km, total scalar charge Q = 0.553M and central scalar magnitude |ψ0| = 0.154. In the hyperbolic case, these quantities are M = 1.54 M , R̃ = 13.0 km, Q = 0.393 M and |ψ0| = 0.110. For comparison, the GR solution with the same baryonic mass has M = 1.54 M and R = R̃ = 13.2 km. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-spontaneous-scalarization-in-a-tms-theory-with-o-3iz31xri.png Figure 3.1. Spontaneous scalarization in a TMS theory with O(2) symmetry. The value ψ0 of the scalar field at the center of the star for scalarized solutions in the O(2)–symmetric theory with β0 = −5.0 and central baryon density nB = 10.4nnuc, where the nuclear density is nnuc = 1044 m−3. Left panel: spherical target space with r2 > 0. Right panel: hyperbolic target space with r2 < 0. In both panels the origin corresponds to the neutron star solution in GR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2-stellar-properties-in-the-o-2-symmetric-theory-36dna8gx.png Figure 3.2. Stellar properties in the O(2)–symmetric theory. Left panel: The mass-radius relation for different values of r and β0 = −5.0. Right panel: Central value of the magnitude of the scalar field |ψ0| as a function of the stellar compactness G?M/(R̃c2). Here R̃ is the areal Jordan-frame radius of the star. The onset of scalarization does not depend on the value of r. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-6-mass-radius-relations-in-the-full-tms-theory-1v5nk6og.png Figure 3.6. Mass-radius relations in the full TMS theory. Analogous to the left panel of Fig. 3.2 for three values of the curvature radius of the target metric (r =∞, r = 1 and r = 0.5), β0 +β1 = −5 (left panel) and β0 + β1 = −10 (right panel). Here we only consider models where Re[ψ] 6= 0. The gravitational mass M is shown as a function of the Jordan-frame radius R̃. For comparison, we include in both panels the GR curve. Note the different axis ranges in the two panels. When r → ∞, the theory reduces to a ST theory with one scalar and effective coupling β = β0 + β1, and the observational constraint β0 + β1 & −4.5 is in place [24]. However, such lower bound might be less stringent when r is finite. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-7-scalar-field-amplitudes-in-the-full-tms-theory-i-1nle49fs.png Figure 3.7. Scalar field amplitudes in the full TMS theory - I. Scalar field amplitude at the stellar center ψ0 for stellar models with β0 = −5, |α| = 0.001 and fixed baryon mass MB = 1.8 M . The different panels show the solutions found for different values of β1 as indicated in each panel. In each case, we vary the phase of α from 0 to 2π in steps of π/6. In contrast to the α = 0 case in Fig. 3.4, the breaking of the O(2) symmetry occurs gradually as β1 is increased away from 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-5-minimal-baryonic-mass-of-scalarized-models-the-1gkk2shh.png Figure 3.5. Minimal baryonic mass of scalarized models. The baryon mass of scalarized solutions at the onset of scalarization as a function of (i) β0 + β1 for models where Re[ψ] is non-zero (left panel) and (ii) β0 − β1 for models where Im[ψ] is non-zero (right panel). Each panel contains 6 curves, corresponding to the three values of β1 at fixed r =∞ (dashed curves) and the same three values of β1 at r = 1/2 (dotted curves). The three dashed curves and the three dotted curves, respectively, are indistinguishable in the plot and the two families of dashed and dotted curves are only distinguishable in the inset, where we zoom into a smaller region. In both panels, the vertical long-dashed curve denotes the value β0±β1 = −4.35 above which we no longer identify scalarized models, in agreement with Eq. (C.5). From Eq. (2.25) it is clear that the natural parameters are β0 +β1 and β0−β1 when the theory is written in terms of the real and imaginary part of ψ, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-8-scalar-field-amplitudes-in-the-full-tms-theory-ii-26guzf49.png Figure 3.8. Scalar field amplitudes in the full TMS theory - II. The data of the upper left panel of Fig. 3.7 are shown on different scales to resolve the fine structure of the solutions in the ψ0 plane. In each panel the vertical extent is equal to the horizontal. https://scispace.com/papers/terahertz-absorption-by-cellulose-application-to-ancient-fxwcfg84dy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absorption-coefficient-curves-of-cellulose-fibers-3ioejaow.png Figure 2. Absorption coefficient curves of cellulose fibers in sample A1 without (dashed red) and with (black) removal of the FP oscillations. A quadratic fit of the initial black curve (green dot line) and an estimation of the bound water (2% of sample’s mass) spectral contribution [29] (blue dashed line) are also shown. https://scispace.com/papers/terminology-and-the-understanding-of-culture-climate-and-4qtah7bt2p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-common-words-used-in-definitions-or-statements-and-2p13ynu4.png Table 3: Common words used in definitions or statements and number of occurrences. 209 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-incidents-e-g-product-withdrawal-and-2d0rksu7.png Table 1: Number of Incidents (e.g., product withdrawal and recalls) notified to authorities 58 during 2 different time periods (www.food.gov.uk, www.foodstandards.gov.au, 59 www.fda.gov, www.fsis.usda.gov) 60 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-types-of-organisational-cultures-and-behaviours-3ditgt1r.png Table 6: Types of organisational cultures and behaviours typically demonstrated by leaders 368 (adapted from Denison and Mishra (1995) and Hartnell et al. (2016). 369 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-three-factors-of-culture-and-climate-definitions-302-3mtx3poo.png Table 4: Three factors of culture and climate definitions 302 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-types-of-organisational-cultures-and-behaviours-2hbt58dy.png Table 5: Types of organisational cultures and behaviours typically demonstrated by leaders 324 and/or employees (adapted from Pettita et al., 2017) 325 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-historical-development-of-organisational-safety-and-zmf6826p.png Table 2: Historical development of organisational, safety and food safety culture and climate definitions or statements 188 https://scispace.com/papers/terra-mission-operations-launch-to-the-present-and-beyond-2zhgph3fil 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-terra-mean-local-time-evolution-under-option-2-1fcd94p6.png Figure 9. Terra Mean Local Time Evolution under Option 2 (Actual and Predicted) for 2013 - 2022 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-terra-satellite-artists-concept-np1vpctc.png Figure 1. Terra Satellite (Artist’s concept) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-terra-regulated-120-v-bus-block-diagram-with-bpc-2knp15fx.png Figure 5. Terra Regulated 120 V Bus Block Diagram with BPC Channel Disabled https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-terra-fuel-usage-under-option-2-actual-and-31yak3qm.png Figure 8. Terra Fuel Usage under Option 2 (Actual and Predicted) for 2000 - 2022 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-terra-operations-after-constellation-exit-1qca0fxw.png Figure 7. Terra Operations after Constellation Exit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-terra-predicted-propellant-usage-1rskw89p.png Figure 2. Terra Predicted Propellant Usage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-terra-spacecraft-with-solar-array-sa-deployed-mast-11u2kznz.png Figure 3. Terra Spacecraft with Solar Array (SA) Deployed (Mast shown) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-terra-ground-system-wocsh4aw.png Figure 6. Terra Ground System https://scispace.com/papers/termites-promote-resistance-of-decomposition-to-2ok1pxf54d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-monthly-decomposition-rates-across-a-gradient-of-2d13x559.png Fig. 2. (A) Monthly decomposition rates across a gradient of monthly rainfall for microbes and small soil fauna (microdetritivores), non- fungus- growing macrodetritivores (OLM) and large fungus- growing termites (LFT). Error bars indicate standard deviations. (B) Proportional “macrodetritivore effect” (relative to decomposition by microbes and small soil fauna) for large fungus- growing termites (LFT) and other macrodetritivores (OLM) over a gradient of monthly rainfall. A proportional “macrodetritivore effect” of 1 indicates no effect, >1 indicates increased decomposition and <1 indicates decreased decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-relative-impact-of-non-fungus-growing-2tf9gula.png Fig. 5. Relative impact of non- fungus- growing macrodetritivores (OLM) and large fungus- growing termites (LFT) over gradients of monthly rainfall (A) and mean monthly temperature (B). Relative impact for termites is calculated as the absolute difference between termite decomposition and decomposition by microbes and small soil fauna multiplied by the incidence of termite attack (Fig. 4). For other macrodetritivores it represents the absolute difference between non- fungus- growing macrodetritivore decomposition and decomposition by microbes and small soil fauna. Both are rescaled by setting the maximum to 1 and scaling the rest appropriately. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-two-alternative-hypotheses-on-the-effect-of-oiksjjp0.png Fig. 1. Two alternative hypotheses on the effect of macrodetritivores on decomposition rates across environmental gradients of rainfall or temperature. H1: Macrodetritivores increase decomposition rates most compared to microbial decomposition under most favorable conditions resulting in the largest absolute “macrodetritivore effect” under higher rainfall and temperature conditions (A), but a constant proportional “macrodetritivore effect” (B) compared to microbial decomposition rates. H2: Absolute increase of decomposition by macrodetritivores is higher under more stressful conditions (i.e., lower temperature or rainfall) (A), which results in an exponential decrease of the proportional “macrodetritivore effect” along the gradients (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-monthly-decomposition-rates-across-a-gradient-of-3ds5khvg.png Fig. 3. (A) Monthly decomposition rates across a gradient of mean monthly temperature for microbes and small soil fauna (microdetritivores), non- fungus- growing macrodetritivores (OLM) and large fungus- growing termites (LFT). Error bars indicate standard deviations. (B) Proportional “macrodetritivore effect” (relative to decomposition by microbes and small soil fauna) for large fungus- growing termites (LFT) and other macrodetritivores (OLM) over a gradient of mean monthly temperature. A proportional “macrodetritivore effect” of 1 indicates no effect, >1 indicates increased decomposition and <1 indicates decreased decomposition in the presence of macrodetritivores compared to decomposition by microbes and small soil fauna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-incidence-of-termite-attack-sheeting-of-the-47el5749.png Fig. 4. Incidence of termite attack (sheeting) of the decomposition stations over gradients of monthly rainfall (A) and mean monthly temperature (B), at a particular site at a particular time. Dashed lines represent logistic regression lines based on 1208 stations (32.9% sheeted). https://scispace.com/papers/test-generation-by-constraint-solving-and-fsm-mutant-killing-13989ogr65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-distinguishing-automaton-d-for-the-specification-a-2iygbhq6.png Fig. 3. The -distinguishing automaton D for the specification A machine and mutation machine M in Fig. 1, where = bababa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-nonconforming-mutant-defined-by-a-solution-of-the-34bdru7x.png Fig. 4. A nonconforming mutant defined by a solution of the constraint for TS = {bababa} and the distinguishing automata for the mutant and the specification A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-specification-machine-a-and-mutation-machine-m-where-1bz5bapw.png Fig. 1. A specification machine A and mutation machine M, where mutated transitions are depicted with dotted lines, don’t care transitions with dashed lines; state 1 is the initial state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-distinguishing-automaton-d-for-the-specification-a-usb1gq3x.png Fig. 2. The distinguishing automaton D for the specification A and mutation M machines in Fig.1, state 11 is the initial state. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-heckscher-ohlin-vanek-model-using-spanish-regional-1dvv440kxi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-main-results-pooling-data-y8utykem.png Table 2: Main results. Pooling data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sign-and-rank-tests-factor-by-factor-19w69yef.png Table 3. Sign and rank tests, factor by factor. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sign-and-rank-tests-region-by-region-3shwztns.png Table 4. Sign and rank tests, region by region. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-missing-trade-all-regions-share-the-same-technology-q4prgwhx.png Figure 1.”Missing trade”. All regions share the same technology. Model I Model III https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-missing-trade-model-iii-allowing-for-technology-4k73k0hx.png Figure 2. ”Missing trade”. Model III allowing for technology differences across regions Hicks neutral technology differences. Region-specific input-output matrices https://scispace.com/papers/test-score-gaps-between-private-and-government-sector-3b5zyonu0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3cffiqfa.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-socio-economic-background-zb3vkhr4.png Table 2 Descriptive statistics of socio-economic background, by enrolment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-association-of-test-scores-with-current-enrolment-3phairox.png Table 3 Association of test scores with current enrolment and background characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-cda-and-ppvt-test-scores-2bpjtlbb.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics of CDA and PPVT test scores, by trajectory https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-association-of-test-scores-with-prior-and-current-xrgfvhba.png Table 4 Association of test scores with prior and current educational path https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-c0v5pina.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/testing-lorentz-invariance-and-cpt-conservation-with-numi-293otz8uqj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-weighted-mean-of-run-i-and-run-ii-fft-powers-in-3czl5tbt.png TABLE II. Weighted mean of run I and run II FFT powers in first four even/odd harmonic coefficients; P F is the probability that the mean power is a noise fluctuation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-distributions-for-the-even-cos-and-1qbr0k9f.png FIG. 2 (color online). The distributions for the even (cos) and the odd (sin) mean powers for harmonic frequencies to 4! T from the FFT analysis of 1000 simulated experiments in run I and run II. Superposed on these distributions is a Gaussian fit of width ¼ 1:8 10 2. This fit was obtained independently for both distributions. Values outside of the vertical lines are more than 3 from the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-local-sidereal-phase-histograms-for-b03g74zg.png FIG. 1 (color online). The local sidereal phase histograms for run I and run II. Superposed are fits to a constant sidereal rate. https://scispace.com/papers/testing-for-renewal-and-detailed-balance-violations-in-3mwiafrcx3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ability-to-discriminate-a-diagonal-dominance-fvagrbo7.png Figure 5. Ability to discriminate a diagonal dominance violation in the model depicted in Figure 1a fork1 ) k2 ) k4 ) 1, k3 ) K ) 2.7, and p ) 3/4. (a) P++(ln t1, ln t2) (solid line) is compared against https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kinetic-schemes-that-violate-detailed-balance-a-a-107wxmn2.png Figure 1. Kinetic schemes that violate detailed balance. (a) A scheme that has a circulation loop passing through both manifolds twice, which gives time reversibility and diagonal dominance violations. (b) A concentration-dependent Michaelis-Menten scheme, where the substrate pumps the conformational coordinates of the system. (c) A kinetic scheme that has a circulation loop resulting in a peak in the single waiting time distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ability-to-determine-if-the-waiting-time-3rs6eywu.png Figure 6. Ability to determine if the waiting-time distribution is not consistent with a detailed balance scheme. (a) The single+ waiting time distribution,P+(ln t) in the model depicted in Figure 1c fork1 ) k2 ) k3 ) 1, k4 ) K ) 2.7, andp ) 1/10 (solid line) is compared to the best fit of a detailed balance obeying scheme,P̃(t) ) ∫ dk P(k)k e-kt, P(k) > 0 (dashed). (b)δIP|P̃ for the distributions in part a. (c) The expected number of measurements needed to discern the detailed balance violation as a function ofK andp. Unlike other tests, the ability to determine the existence of a peak in the waiting time distribution depends onK ≈ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-determination-of-time-reversibility-in-the-model-276dae5m.png Figure 4. Determination of time reversibility in the model depicted in Figure 1a fork1 ) k2 ) 1, k3 ) k4 ) K ) 2.7, andp ) 3/4. (a) P+-(ln t1, ln t2) (dashed line) andP-+(ln t2, ln t1) (dot-dashed line) are compared against the time reversible model,P̃ ) (1/2)(P+- + P-+) (solid line). (b) A contour ofδI(+) ) P+-(ln t1, ln t2)ln(P+-(ln t1, ln t2)/P̃(ln t1, ln t2)) (c) A contour ofδI(-) ) P-+(ln t2, ln t1)ln(P-+(ln t2, ln t1)/P̃(ln t1, ln t2)). (d) The expected number of measurements needed to discriminateP+- andP-+ from P̃ at the 95% confidence level as a function ofp andK. https://scispace.com/papers/tests-of-the-mode-coupling-theory-for-a-molten-salt-45hfqd97re 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-1rw66vdk.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-6p9qb3cm.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1e9eprj7.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3gwoxyy0.png Fig. 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-3pfn4wlg.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/testing-testing-how-do-students-use-written-feedback-w1ltpx085l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-adjectives-for-describing-typical-feedback-ecfhcwm0.png Figure 1 Adjectives for describing typical feedback https://scispace.com/papers/text-pre-processing-for-lossless-compression-1tehwb954t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-small-file-tests-sizes-after-compression-with-paq8h-2nzssfp7.png Table 2: Small file tests. Sizes after compression with PAQ8h. Best results are in bold. Sizes are in bytes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-large-file-tests-sizes-after-compression-with-paq8h-1ibnlh60.png Table 1: Large file tests. Sizes after compression with PAQ8h. The column ENWIK8A represents the results obtained with the new group sizes for codewords. Best results are in bold. Sizes are in bytes. https://scispace.com/papers/text-segmentation-in-natural-scenes-using-toggle-mapping-3mh6p4ryah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-on-the-left-functionf-and-a-set-of-2-functionsh1-and-fua1bxjx.png Fig. 1. On the left, functionf and a set of 2 functionsh1 and h2. On the right, functionk computed by toggle mapping. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-from-left-to-right-1-original-image-2-binarization-1gke0196.png Fig. 3. From left to right: 1. Original image, 2. Binarization (function s from eq. 6), 3. Homogeneity constraint (eq. 7), 4. Filling in small homogeneous regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-result-of-eq-6-functions-on-an-edge-and-in-homogeneous-1siq74tc.png Fig. 2. Result of eq. 6 (functions) on an edge and in homogeneous noisy regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-image-from-the-itowns-project-4w2pbffo.png Fig. 5. Image from the itowns project. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-six-results-of-our-method-on-various-texts-from-ign-10-360tyuit.png Fig. 4. Six results of our method on various texts from IGN [10] image database. Segmentation is difficult as there is a wide variety of text: text style, illumination and orientation may vary. Decorations (illustrated background, relief effect on characters...) may decrease readability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-results-of-various-algorithms-on-different-images-from-3hp3y41l.png Fig. 6. Results of various algorithms on different images. From top to bottom and left to right: Original image, Niblack thresholding, Sauvola thresholding and our method. More characters are segmented with our method. https://scispace.com/papers/the-11-august-2006-squall-line-system-as-observed-from-mit-3s4chbxgoi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-horizontal-cross-sections-of-every-third-system-29lbik5c.png Figure 7. Horizontal cross-sections of (every third) system-relative wind vector and reflectivity pattern at (a) 0.5 km, (b) 3 km, and (c) 7 km altitude, and west–east (cross-line x) vertical cross-sections of winds (every other vector along x) and reflectivity averaged along the line at y ranges of (d) [−10, +10 km], (e) [−30, −10 km], and (f) [−80, −30 km], from north to south, respectively. Wind vector scaling is indicated in the upper left corner of each panel, while reflectivity (dBZ) scaling is on the right side. The analysis boxes of the horizontal sections are identical with the rectangular region in Figure 6, and the coordinate system refers to the radar frame at 0241 UTC in Figure 6(b). Dashed vertical and oblique lines in (a)–(c) delimit the regions of convective (between black and white lines) and stratiform (to the east of white line) precipitation. This figure is available in colour online at www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/qj https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-radar-reflectivity-dbz-in-a-vertical-cross-section-3n97vuih.png Figure 4. Radar reflectivity (dBZ) in a vertical cross-section (RHI scan) along the azimuth of 110◦, and at 0209 UTC 11 August 2006. This figure is available in colour online at www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/qj https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-horizontal-cross-section-of-every-third-absolute-34w60s2v.png Figure 8. Horizontal cross-section of (every third) absolute wind vector and reflectivity pattern at 0.5 km altitude. This figure is available in colour online at www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/qj https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-height-profiles-of-microphysical-variables-and-hiq62t26.png Figure 12. Height profiles of microphysical variables and associated physical processes in the convective region: (a) retrieved mixing ratio (g kg−1) of graupel (qg), rain (qr), cloud water (qc), and cloud ice (qi); (b) rain production (g kg−1 h−1, negative value is a loss term) from autoconversion (PRAUT ), cloud water collection (PRACW ), melting of graupel (PGMLT ), and accretion by melted graupel (PGACRM ), along with sedimentation of rain (PRFALL); (c) graupel production (g kg−1 h−1) from autoconversion (PGAUT ), riming (PGACW ), accretion of rain (PGACR), accretion of cloud ice (PGACI ), depositional growth (PGDEP ), and melting (PGMLT ), along with sedimentation of graupel (PGFALL); (d) latent heat source (K h−1) due to cloud water condensation, cloud and/or rain evaporation, and melting of graupel and cloud water freezing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-environmental-conditions-from-arm-sounding-launched-19q14emw.png Figure 5. Environmental conditions from ARM sounding launched at Niamey (Niger) at 2331 UTC 10 August 2006: (a) Skew T − log p diagram; (b) Height profile of west–east (U) wind component; (c) Height profile of south–north (V) component. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-height-profiles-of-a-observed-and-retrieved-217k2se4.png Figure 11. Height profiles of (a) observed and retrieved perturbation of potential temperature (K); (b) observed and retrieved radar reflectivity (dBZ) in the convective region; (c) observed and retrieved radar reflectivity (dBZ) in the transition-stratiform region. Gridded values of observed reflectivity within the domains shown in Figure 7 are averaged on a logarithmic scale (mm6 m−3) and then transformed into dBZ units. The equivalent reflectivity from retrieved rain and graupel mixing ratio in (b) and (c), respectively, is deduced from analytical relationships. In (b) and (c), the thin dashed lines give the lower and upper bounds of the observed radar reflectivity, defined as the linear (dBZ) averaging of absolute deviation from the mean reflectivity at each level of the relevant domain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-height-profiles-of-convective-domain-averaged-2qav84ml.png Figure 10. Height profiles of convective domain-averaged vertical flux of (a) relative cross-line momentum (total ρUW and turbulent ρU′W′); (b) relative along-line momentum (total ρVW and turbulent ρV′W′); (c) cross-line (U) acceleration due to total advection, vertical average and eddy U-flux convergence; (d) along-line (V) acceleration due to total advection, vertical average and eddy V-flux convergence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ppi-representation-of-radar-reflectivity-dbz-at-0-6-3c7bhf47.png Figure 6. PPI representation of radar reflectivity (dBZ) at 0.6◦ elevation and (a) 0211, (b) 0241, (c) 0311 UTC 11 August 2006, observed by the C-band MIT Doppler radar within the 150 km range of the volume scans. The dashed rectangle embedding a large portion of the convective system represents the data domain for wind field retrieval taking account of an apparent westward advection of the precipitation (see text). This figure is available in colour online at www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/qj https://scispace.com/papers/the-1993-eitc-expansion-and-low-skilled-single-mothers-5c0zvvuyz1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-identification-check-coefficient-estimates-bczofzcx.png Table 12: Identification Check: Coefficient Estimates Comparing Two and Three and More Children https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimation-results-assuming-bivariate-normal-3lbb3l0d.png Table 7: Estimation Results - Assuming Bivariate Normal Distribution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-earned-income-tax-credit-parameters-1979-2001-mflth9bg.png Table 1: Earned Income Tax Credit Parameters, 1979-2001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-marginal-effects-on-probabilities-due-to-policy-3t5h00mv.png Table 8: Marginal Effects on Probabilities Due to Policy Changes https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-robustness-check-bivariate-probit-and-linear-3e238qxm.png Table 11: Robustness Check: Bivariate Probit and Linear Probability Model Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multicollinearity-between-real-maximum-credit-and-tb23uw9y.png Table 4: Multicollinearity Between Real Maximum Credit and Other Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-elasticities-estimates-3t4hg4c1.png Table 9: Elasticities Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multicollinearity-between-real-maximum-credit-x-age-3aosygno.png Table 5: Multicollinearity Between (Real Maximum Credit × Age of the Youngest Child) and Other Explanatory Variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-accrual-anomaly-risk-or-mispricing-4g1dql5f0k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-four-factor-regressions-for-portfolios-formed-from-tmachcqr.png Table 3 Four-Factor Regressions for Portfolios Formed from Sorts on Size, Accruals, and CMA Loading https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-four-factor-regressions-for-high-loading-low-loading-3tl0l5fx.png Table 4 Four-Factor Regressions for (High Loading – Low Loading) Characteristic-Balanced Portfolios Formed from Sorts on Size, Accruals, and CMA Loading https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-lvd4t6p9.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fama-macbeth-1973-monthly-cross-sectional-22ca5zxd.png Table 5 Fama-MacBeth (1973) Monthly Cross-Sectional Regressions of Stock Returns on Characteristics and Factor Loadings https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2ki2wx5o.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-activity-and-lethality-of-militant-groups-ideology-1qogq9hvy6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lethality-versus-activity-8hpyvnb7.png TABLE 3 Lethality versus Activity https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-lethality-versus-activity-non-monotonic-impact-of-291r7cdw.png TABLE 4 Lethality versus Activity: Non-monotonic impact of democratization https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-n-235-period-1998-2005-2n7m3rs0.png TABLE 1 Descriptive Statistics (N=235; Period: 1998-2005) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ranking-militants-groups-on-activity-and-lethality-21fvq2on.png TABLE 2 Ranking Militants Groups on Activity and Lethality https://scispace.com/papers/the-accuracy-of-acoustic-birefringence-shear-wave-46mbortgr1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zoom-in-of-peaks-in-the-magnitude-fft-spectrums-s2wnti2v.png FIG. 2 Zoom in of peaks in the magnitude FFT spectrums without a Hanning function applied in the time domain data on a 2.99mm thick aluminium sample. The results from linearly polarized EMAT orientated at 0° and 90° to the rolling direction, are shown as a dashed line and crosses respectively, whilst the solid line is the linear addition of these two FFTs. This shows clearly, that the linear sum of the FFTs is completely different from the radially polarized EMAT seen in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-zoom-in-of-harmonic-peaks-on-the-magnitude-fft-from-a-2wg6u0yb.png FIG. 3. Zoom in of harmonic peaks on the magnitude FFT from a 0.2mm (AL101332) thick aluminium sample using a radially polarized EMAT (black) compared against the complete model, equation 8, (grey) using best fit coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-relative-differences-in-the-through-thickness-shear-1y1hh4oo.png Table II. Relative differences in the through thickness shear wave velocity calculated for a 1.0mm (AL104332) thick aluminium sample. For each polarization, peak positions of the first four SH shear wave modes on the magnitude FFT were measured, the velocity was calculated and then compared to the value obtained from the first peak position in the FFT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-zoom-in-of-different-harmonic-peaks-on-the-same-3np44rec.png FIG. 4. Zoom in of different harmonic peaks on the same average magnitude FFT from a 1.0mm (AL104332) thick aluminium sample using a radially polarized EMAT (black line) compared against the complete model, equation 8, (grey line) using best fit coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-zoom-in-of-peaks-in-the-magnitude-fft-spectrums-3pel83h6.png FIG. 1. Zoom in of peaks in the magnitude FFT spectrums without a Hanning function applied in the time domain data on a 2.99mm thick aluminium sample. The results from the radially polarized is shown as solid line and the results a linearly polarized EMAT orientated at 0° and 90° to the rolling direction, are shown as a dashed line and crosses respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-odcs-w400-and-w420-calculated-for-a-0-2mm-2xct4ywd.png Table I. The ODCs, W400 and W420, calculated for a 0.2mm (AL101332) thick aluminium sample using ultrasonic velocities determined from different methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-w400-w420-calculated-for-a-1-0mm-al104332-thick-1vjr1ka3.png Table III. W400 & W420 calculated for a 1.0mm (AL104332) thick aluminium sample using the magnitude FFT data from linearly and radially polarized through thickness SH shear wave measurements. https://scispace.com/papers/the-acyl-glucuronide-metabolite-of-ibuprofen-has-analgesic-48fk4di259 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ibuprofen-acyl-glucuronide-antagonizes-the-human-and-1k3tu2zt.png Fig. 2. Ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide antagonizes the human and rat native TRPA1. (A) Typical traces of the effect of pre-exposure (10min) to Veh (vehicle) IAG/IAG (100 μM) on the calcium response evoked by AITC (1 μM) and the hPAR2-AP (100 μM) in IMR90 cells. (B) Concentration-response curves of the inhibitory effect of IAG and HC-030031 (HC-03), on the calcium response evoked by AITC (1 μM) in IMR90 cells. (C) Pooled data of the effect of IAG and HC-03 on the calcium response evoked by AITC (1 μM) in IMR90 cells. (D) Typical traces of the inhibitory effect of pre-exposure (10 min) to Veh IAG/IAG (100 μM) on the calcium response evoked by AITC (10 μM), capsaicin (CPS, 0.1 μM) and KCl (50mM) in rDRG neurons. (E) Concentrationresponse curves of the inhibitory effect of IAG and HC-03 on the calcium response evoked by AITC in rDRG neurons. (F) Pooled data of the effect of IAG and HC-03 on the calcium response evoked by AITC (10 μM) in rDRG neurons. (G) Pooled data of the effect of IAG (100 μM) on the responses evoked by capsaicin (CPS, 0.1 μM) or high potassium chloride (KCl, 50mM) in rDRG neurons. Values are mean ± s.e.m of n>25 cells from at least 3 different experiments for each condition. Veh indicates vehicle of AITC, dash (-) indicates vehicles of IAG and HC-03. *P < 0.05 vs. Veh; §P < 0.05 vs. AITC. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni’s test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ibuprofen-acyl-glucuronide-antagonizes-human-native-2obniaah.png Fig. 7. Ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide antagonizes human native TRPA1 in NHBE cells reducing the IL-8 release. (A) Typical traces of the effect of pre-exposure (10min) to Veh (vehicle) IAG/IAG (100 μM) on the calcium response evoked by AITC (1mM) and the hPAR2-AP (100 μM) in NHBE cells. (B,C) Concentration-response curves and pooled data of the inhibitory effect of IAG (0.1–1000 μM) and HC-030031 (HC-03, 0.1–1000 μM) on the calcium response evoked by AITC (1mM) in NHBE cells. (D) IL-8 release from NHBE cells exposed to AITC (10 and 30 μM) or TNF-α (0.2 nM) and pretreated with IAG and ibuprofen (Ibu) (both, 100 μM) and HC-03 (30 μM). Values are mean ± s.e.m. of n> 25 cells from at least 3 different experiments for each condition or at least 3 independent experiments. Veh indicates vehicle of AITC and TNF-α, dash (-) indicates vehicles of IAG, Ibu and HC-03. *P<0.05 vs. Veh; §P < 0.05 vs. AITC. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni’s test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ibuprofen-acyl-glucuronide-interact-with-htrpa1-in-2b5g8guw.png Fig. 3. Ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide interact with hTRPA1 in molecular dynamic model, (A) Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) results for the three covalent complexes of hTRPA1 obtained by transacylation of C621, C641 and C665 by IAG. Data are expressed as kcal/mol. (B) Minimized average structure of the S-acylC621 hTRPA1 ion channel. The covalent ligand is shown in orange, while the protein residues are colored dark cyan. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ibuprofen-acyl-glucuronide-produces-antinociception-3thc7ws4.png Fig. 6. Ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide produces antinociception effect in the formalin model of inflammatory pain. (A) Effect of intraplantar (i.pl., 20 μl/paw) administration of IAG and ibuprofen (Ibu) (both, 100 nmol) on phase I and phase II of the formalin test. (B) Effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of IAG, Ibu (both, 10 and 100mg/kg), HC-030031 (HC-03, 100mg/kg) and indomethacin (Indo, 30mg/kg) on phase I and phase II of the formalin test. Values are mean ± s.e.m of n=6 mice for each experimental condition. Veh indicates vehicle of formalin, dash (-) indicates vehicles of IAG, Ibu, HC-03 and Indo. *P<0.05 vs. Veh; §P < 0.05 vs. formalin. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni’s test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ibuprofen-acyl-glucuronide-inhibits-nociceptive-37wu0sop.png Fig. 4. Ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide inhibits nociceptive responses evoked by reactive TRPA1 agonists in mice. (A) Dose-dependent inhibitory effect of intraplantar (i.pl., 20 μl/ paw) administration of IAG (0.3–300 nmol) and HC-030031 (HC-03, 0.3–300 nmol) on the acute nociceptive response evoked by i.pl. allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, 20 nmol) in C57BL/6 J mice. (B) Effect of IAG (300 nmol), capsazepine (CPZ, 300 nmol) and HC-067047 (HC-06, 300 nmol) on the acute nociceptive response evoked by i.pl. CPS (1 nmol) and NaCl 0.27% in C57BL/6 J mice. (C) Effect of i.pl. IAG (300 nmol), HC-03 (300 nmol) and ibuprofen (Ibu, 300 nmol) on the nociceptive response evoked by i.pl. acrolein (ACR, 10 nmol) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2, 10 nmol) in C57BL/6 J mice. (D) Effect of Ibu (300 nmol) on the nociceptive response evoked by i.pl. AITC (20 nmol) in C57BL/6 J mice. (E) Dose-response inhibitory effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of IAG, Ibu and HC-03 (all, 1–100mg/kg) on the acute nociceptive response evoked by i.pl. AITC (20 nmol) in C57BL/6 J mice. (F) Effect of i.p. IAG (100mg/kg) CPZ (4mg/kg) and HC-06 (10mg/kg) on the acute nociceptive response evoked by i.pl. CPS (1 nmol) and NaCl 0.27% in C57BL/6 J mice. (G) Effect of i.p. IAG, Ibu (both, 10 and 100mg/kg) and HC-03 (100mg/kg) on the acute nociceptive response evoked by i.pl. ACR (10 nmol). (H) Effect of IAG (100mg/kg) and HC-03 (100mg/kg) on the acute nociceptive response evoked by i.pl. ZnCl2 (10 nmol). Values are mean ± s.e.m of n= 6 mice for each experimental condition. Veh indicates vehicle of CPS, NaCl 0.27%, ACR, ZnCl2 and AITC, dash (-) indicates vehicles of IAG, HC03, ibu, CPZ and HC-06. *P<0.05 vs. Veh; §P < 0.05 vs. CPS or NaCl 0.27%, ACR and ZnCl2, #P < 0.05 vs. HC-03 and IAG. Oneway ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni’s test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ibuprofen-acyl-glucuronide-antagonizes-the-human-29n2e7pf.png Fig. 1. Ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide antagonizes the human recombinant TRPA1. (A) Chemical structure of ibuprofen (Ibu) and ibuprofen acyl-β-D-glucoronide (IAG). (B) Typical traces of the effect of IAG (100 μM) or its vehicle (Veh IAG) on calcium responses evoked by AITC (5 μM) in hTRPA1-HEK293. (C) Concentration-response curves of the inhibitory effect of IAG and HC-030031 (HC-03), on the calcium response evoked by AITC (5 μM) in hTRPA1-HEK293 cells. (D) Effect of IAG (100 μM), HC-030031 (HC-03, 30 μM) and Ibu (100 μM) on the calcium responses evoked by acrolein (ACR, 10 μM), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 500 μM), icilin (30 μM), zinc chloride (ZnCl2, 1 μM) and the activating peptide (AP) of the human proteinase activated receptor 2 (hPAR2) (hPAR2-AP, 100 μM). (E) Effect of IAG (100 μM) on the 3C/K-Q hTRPA1-HEK293 cells evoked by menthol (100 μM). (F) Effect of IAG (100 μM) and capsazepine (CPZ, 10 μM) on the calcium responses evoked by capsaicin (CPS, 0.1 μM) in hTRPV1-HEK293 cells. (G) Effect of IAG (100 μM), CPZ (10 μM) and HC-03 (30 μM) on the calcium response evoked by CPS (0.1 μM) and AITC (10 μM) in hTRPA1/V1-HEK293 cells. (H) Effect of IAG (100 μM) and HC-067047 (HC-06, 10 μM) on the calcium response evoked by GSK1016790 A (GSK, 0.1 μM) in hTRPV4-HEK293 cells. (I) Effect of IAG (100 μM), Ibu (100 μM) and indomethacin acyl-β-D-glucuronide (IndoAG, 100 μM) on the calcium response evoked by AITC (5 μM) in hTRPA1-HEK293 cells. Values are mean ± s.e.m of n> 50 cells from at least 3 different experiments for each condition. Veh indicates vehicle of AITC, ACR, H2O2, icilin, ZnCl2 and hPAR2-AP, dash (-) indicates vehicles of IAG, HC-03, ibu, CPZ, and HC-06. *P < 0.05 vs. Veh; §P < 0.05 vs. AITC, ACR, H2O2, icilin, ZnCl2, CPS or GSK. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni’s test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ibuprofen-acyl-glucuronide-produces-anti-hyperalgesic-1u38hxgd.png Fig. 5. Ibuprofen-acyl glucuronide produces anti-hyperalgesic effect in the carrageenan model of inflammatory pain. (A,B) Time course of the inhibitory effect of intraplantar (i.pl., 20 μl/paw) administration of IAG, Ibuprofen (Ibu) (both, 100 nmol) or of a mixture of IAG and HC-030031 (HC-03) or Ibu and HC-03 (all, 100 nmol) on the mechanical allodynia evoked by i.pl. carrageenan (Cg, 300 μg) in C57BL/6 J mice. (C–E) Time course of the inhibitory effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of IAG, Ibu (both, 10 and 100mg/kg) or a combination of IAG (100mg/kg) or ibu (100mg/kg) and HC-03 (100mg/kg) on the mechanical allodynia evoked by i.pl. injection of Cg (300 μg) in C57BL/6 J mice. (F) Time course of the inhibitory effect of i.p. HC-03 (100mg/kg) and indomethacin (indo, 30mg/kg) or a combination of both HC-03 (100mg/kg) and indo (30mg/kg) on the mechanical allodynia evoked by i.pl. injection of Cg (300 μg) in C57BL/6 J mice. (G) PGE2 levels in paw homogenates measured 180min after i.pl. Cg (300 μg) in C57BL/6 J mice treated with IAG or Ibu (both, 100 nmol, i.pl.). (H) PGE2 levels in paw homogenates measured 180min after i.pl. Cg (300 μg) in C57BL/6 J mice treated with IAG, Ibu, HC-03 (all, 100mg/kg, i.p.) or indo (30mg/kg, i.p.). (I) PGE2 levels in paw homogenates measured 180min after i.pl. Cg (300 μg) in Trpa1−/− mice after IAG (100mg/kg, i.p.). Values are mean ± s.e.m of n= 6 mice for each experimental condition. Veh indicates vehicle of Cg, dash (-) indicates vehicles of IAG, Ibu, HC-03 and indo. *P<0.05 vs. Veh; §P < 0.05 vs. Cg. #P < 0.05 vs. Cg/Ibu or Cg/HC03 or Cg/indo. One- and two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni’s test. https://scispace.com/papers/the-adhoc-study-of-older-adults-adherence-to-medication-in-4zvmd9k446 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-logistic-regression-p-0-05-in-bold-19yhbsnx.png Table 5: Results of Logistic Regression (p<0.05 in bold) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-each-site-including-national-1zzoh5iv.png Table 2: Characteristics of each site including national population. % aged over 65, sampling and refusal rate16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adherence-number-of-medications-prescribed-and-3dqpwzmk.png Table 3: Adherence, number of medications prescribed and proportion of people receiving six-monthly medication reviews in the participating countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-rates-of-non-adherence-to-19trshy3.png Figure 1: Relationship between rates of non-adherence to medication and CPS score (measure of cognitive impairment where 0= no impairment and 6 = very severe impairment) https://scispace.com/papers/the-aggregate-implications-of-regional-business-cycles-2ustortns4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimates-of-kw-from-cross-state-variation-2007-2011-1738orij.png Table 5: Estimates of κw from Cross State Variation 2007-2011, Base Specification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-employment-shock-decomposition-1ncie6b2.png Figure 6: Employment shock decomposition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-series-estimates-of-wage-elasticities-during-1sln9kev.png Table 2: Time Series Estimates of Wage Elasticities During the Great Recession https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-series-trends-in-aggregate-wages-hour-cps-and-3ojq81vr.png Figure 2: Time Series Trends in Aggregate Wages ($/hour), CPS and ACS https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimates-of-kw-and-xw-from-cross-state-variation-1d9ttj4b.png Table 6: Estimates of κw and ξw from Cross State Variation 2007-2011, Robustness Specifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cross-state-estimates-of-wage-elasticities-during-1ldrjnxe.png Table 1: Cross-State Estimates of Wage Elasticities During the Great Recession https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-parameters-annual-frequency-16g5emd4.png Table 3: Fixed parameters, annual frequency https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-model-priors-and-posteriors-3e5gbpjr.png Table 4: Model priors and posteriors https://scispace.com/papers/the-allwise-motion-survey-part-2-18791r2msj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3ah1pk9q.png Table 1 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-median-motion-value-in-each-integral-w1-jmdbunoq.png Figure 5. The median motion value in each integral W1 magnitude bin for motion objects identified in AllWISE1 (light blue), AllWISE2 (purple), and NEOWISER (orange red). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-histograms-of-the-total-number-of-motion-2sxh9c7m.png Figure 6. Histograms of the total number of motion discoveries identified by the AllWISE1, AllWISE2, NEOWISER, and Luhman (2014a) motion surveys as a function of W1 magnitude and total motion. For clarity, only those discoveries with total motions less than 600 mas yr−1 are shown in the right panel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-candidate-common-proper-motion-systems-with-mzggeswy.png Table 13 Candidate Common-proper-motion Systems with Possible L Dwarf Components https://scispace.com/figures/figure-49-spectra-of-dwarfs-with-types-of-l1-5-through-l2-3dbmnqp1.png Figure 49. Spectra of dwarfs with types of L1.5 through L2. (See the caption of Figure 48 for other details.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-50-spectra-of-dwarfs-with-types-of-l4-through-l4-5-1ai06nb4.png Figure 50. Spectra of dwarfs with types of L4 through L4.5. (See the caption of Figure 48 for other details.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-51-spectra-of-dwarfs-with-types-of-l7-through-l8-see-2n9wfron.png Figure 51. Spectra of dwarfs with types of L7 through L8. (See the caption of Figure 48 for other details.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mid-k-through-late-m-dwarf-spectral-standards-in-the-fnxxrfzv.png Table 7 Mid-K through Late-M Dwarf Spectral Standards in the Optical https://scispace.com/papers/the-alternative-library-49nd36iodh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-alternative-library-foyer-3bbysvxr.png Figure 1 Screenshot of Alternative Library Foyer https://scispace.com/papers/the-answer-set-programming-paradigm-1s52h2liuq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-floor-plan-for-the-rooms-1-12-17bp2hmn.png Figure 2: Floor plan for the rooms 1–12 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-floor-plan-and-evacuation-routes-for-the-np-keuwhbth.png Figure 3: Floor Plan and Evacuation Routes for the NP Completeness Proof https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-of-the-asp-paradigm-21zc9q7v.png Figure 1: Conceptual Model of the ASP Paradigm https://scispace.com/papers/the-aou-conservation-committee-review-of-the-biology-status-fu178ebnze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimates-of-lambda-geometric-rate-of-population-1vewgxga.png TABLE 3. Estimates of lambda (geometric rate of population change) for Cape Sable Seaside Sparrows based on various levels of annual survival and numbers of nesting attempts per year. Populations are stable when lambda 5 1 and decline when lambda , 1. Calculations assume age of first breeding at one year, three young raised per successful brood, an equal sex ratio at fledging, and that third broods have the same success rate as second broods but are attempted by only one-third of the adults (Lockwood et al. 1997, Lockwood unpubl. data). Mayfield success of first and second broods was 43% and 16%, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percent-of-habitat-available-for-brood-production-1h7hr99w.png TABLE 2. Percent of habitat available for brood production for Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow population A. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-cape-sable-seaside-sparrow-populations-a-3pagf9fv.png FIG. 1. Location of Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow populations A to F in Everglades National Park in relation to Shark River Slough, Taylor Slough, the S-12 floodgates (S-12A to S12D), and the L-67 extension canal and levee (L-67 Ext.). Major roads are shown for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-singing-male-cape-sable-sparrows-detected-2s3vhx4d.png TABLE 1. Number of singing male Cape Sable Sparrows detected in each of six populations during extensive surveys (data provided by S. Pimm et al.). The upper number in each cell is the actual number detected, the lower is the resulting population estimate (no. detected 3 16). Data are incomplete for 1994 owing to logistical difficulties during the survey. https://scispace.com/papers/the-angular-overlap-model-extended-for-two-open-shell-f-and-ofwpdhdl4r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-representation-of-the-aom-parameters-adjusted-from-the-2f97b7q1.png Fig. 2 Representation of the AOM parameters adjusted from the interaction of a lanthanide ion with one ligand. The first order energy splitting of the 4f and 5d orbitals is presented in green and the second order energy splitting in blue. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-spatial-representations-of-the-structure-of-prx8-5-x-f-3ldgbe98.png Fig. 3 Spatial representations of the structure of (PrX8) 5 (X = F , Cl , Br ) with D4h (left hand side) and D4d (right hand side) arrangements. https://scispace.com/papers/the-application-of-order-tracking-for-vibration-analysis-of-1tkt9qby24 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-application-of-vkf-ot-and-cot-cu3vpbcq.png Figure 5: Application of VKF-OT and COT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cracked-rotor-acceleration-in-the-x-direction-f6pxhh9i.png Figure 3: Cracked rotor acceleration in the x -direction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-use-of-cot-and-time-waveform-reconstructed-order-15lu44qo.png Figure 1: Use of COT and time waveform reconstructed order tracking(VKF-OT or GOT) on cracked rotor vibrations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-application-of-gabor-and-cot-as-well-as-comparisons-tmo42vmh.png Figure 6: Application of Gabor and COT as well as comparisons between IMF and VKF-OT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-order-and-frequency-spectra-of-rotor-vibration-over-2z7ozxtn.png Figure 4: Order and frequency spectra of rotor vibration over successive 1s periods https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-switch-function-angles-eaac4tvo.png Figure 2: Switch function angles https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparisons-of-different-kinds-of-methods-abilities-3hklgr28.png Table 1: Comparisons of different kinds of methods' abilities on cracked rotor vibration detection https://scispace.com/papers/the-arabidopsis-atk1-gene-is-required-for-spindle-1oaav0dyb7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wild-type-atk1-1and-revertant-phenotypes-a-a-region-of-21s7mtok.png Fig. 1.Wild-type, atk1-1and revertant phenotypes. (A) A region of an atk1-1plant with both mutant branch (arrow) and Ac-induced revertant sectors (arrowhead) that had normal siliques. (B) A wildtype flower. (C) An atk1-1flower. (D) A wild-type tetrad with four microspores. (E) A product of atk1-1meiosis, showing six https://scispace.com/papers/the-association-between-sars-cov-2-infection-and-neuronal-tgstxhfvak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-association-between-sars-cov-2-infection-and-kiioqp47.png Figure 1. The association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels. Cross-sectional levels of plasma NfL did not differ between cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection and either of the two control groups, after adjustment for age, sex and batch effects (A). Similarly, after additional adjustment for the time passed between the two measurement occasions, intra-individual changes in plasma NfL did not differ between cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection and either of the two control groups (B). The violin-plots reflect the frequency distribution of NfL values, while the box-plots indicate the median (bold horizontal lines) and interquartile ranges; values outside 1.5 times the interquartile range from the median are represented by black dots. The p-values for cross-sectional and longitudinal intergroup comparisons were based on results from generalized linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models, respectively. The numbers below the horizontal axes represent the number of individuals included in each category; please note that in a small subset of individuals longitudinal measurements were not possible due to insufficient amounts of plasma. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-study-population-24rq9njv.png Table 1. Characteristics of the study population https://scispace.com/papers/the-assessment-of-quality-maturity-levels-in-nigerian-58i65ue8at 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-maturity-levels-of-private-p-university-libraries-32sehpo6.png Table 3: Maturity levels of private (‘P’) university libraries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-maturity-levels-of-federal-f-university-libraries-tl9qjkoi.png Table 2: Maturity levels of federal (‘F’) university libraries https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-maturity-levels-for-qm-adoption-and-implementation-i-5v5c0el6.png Table 1: Maturity levels for QM adoption and implementation i P2MM (organizations in general) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maturity-levels-of-the-case-libraries-on-the-five-17jg276a.png Figure 1: Maturity levels of the case libraries on the five dimensions of QM https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-maturity-levels-of-state-s-university-libraries-2l224w80.png Table 4: Maturity levels of state (‘S’) university libraries https://scispace.com/papers/the-aza-cope-rearrangement-in-transition-metal-complexes-5e88yy8f2l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ortep-plot-of-the-cation-of-4a-the-pf6counterion-2shpy3oc.png Figure 2. ORTEP plot of the cation of 4a. The PF6counterion and the solvent molecules are omitted for clarity (only one of the two disordered cations is shown). Selected bond distances (Å) and angles (deg): Ru-C1 1.950(4), C1C2 1.218(6), C2-C3 1.372(9), C3-N 1.244(8), C3-C4 1.496- (8), N-C10 1.505(7), N-C11 1.495(6), Ru-C1-C2 175.3(4), C1-C2-C3 175.1(6). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ortep-plot-of-the-cation-of-3a-selected-bond-3s03hmi6.png Figure 1. ORTEP plot of the cation of 3a. Selected bond distances (Å) and angles (deg): Ru-C1 2.02(2), C1-C2 1.12(2), C2-C3 1.51(2), C3-C4 1.34(3), C3-N 1.47(2), RuC1-C2 175(2), C1-C2-C3 167(2), C2-C3-C4 124(2), C2C3-N 113(2), N-C3-C4 123(2). https://scispace.com/papers/the-axiom-project-iot-on-heterogeneous-embedded-platforms-1tn1gtdrad 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-axiom-toolchain-1sehm0a3.png Fig. 2. The AXIOM toolchain. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-evaluation-of-the-anisotropic-smoothing-module-2zklldvo.png TABLE I EVALUATION OF THE ANISOTROPIC SMOOTHING MODULE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-axiom-compute-node-including-the-apu-cores-the-2plu8coe.png Fig. 1. The AXIOM compute node, including the APU cores, the system SDRAM, and the basic infrastructure for computing in the FPGA logic. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-vector-multiply-ompss-code-targeting-the-fpga-srkvh279.png Fig. 3. Vector multiply OmpSs code targeting the FPGA. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ompss-fpga-software-hardware-co-design-24vj6oby.png Fig. 4. OmpSs@FPGA Software/Hardware Co-design. https://scispace.com/papers/the-beginnings-of-public-management-administrative-science-2q4lqafqel 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-part-of-the-proceeds-of-the-vingtiemes-counted-in-1j6azb9o.png Figure 1: Part of the proceeds of the vingtièmes counted in the Parisian caisses https://scispace.com/papers/the-bi3-6s-and-6p-electron-binding-energies-in-relation-to-gojjihabl5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-electronic-transitions-in-bi3-doped-compounds-2fwv1h4m.png Figure 2: Electronic transitions in Bi3+-doped compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-a-band-and-ct-emission-energies-in-compounds-1wknyewd.png Figure 6: The A-band and CT emission energies in compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-vacuum-referred-binding-energies-of-bi3-in-2sunrabn.png Figure 7: The vacuum referred binding energies of Bi3+ in compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-mmct-energies-of-bi3-in-compounds-3at0a37p.png Figure 4: The MMCT energies of Bi3+ in compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-exchange-energies-eexch-of-bi3-in-compounds-30ianjty.png Figure 5: The exchange energies (Eexch of Bi3+ in compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-a-band-energies-of-bi3-in-compounds-3ozwt94o.png Figure 3: The A-band energies of Bi3+ in compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-energy-levels-of-the-free-bi3-ion-2s73hri0.png Figure 1: The energy levels of the free Bi3+ ion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-vacuum-referred-binding-energies-of-bi3-in-fw3byb7u.png Figure 8: The vacuum referred binding energies of Bi3+ in compounds. https://scispace.com/papers/the-bianchi-classification-of-maximal-d-8-gauged-16laiee97r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-bianchi-classification-of-three-dimensional-lie-pnboe9az.png Table 1. The Bianchi classification of three-dimensional Lie algebras in terms of the components of their structure constants. Note that there are two one-parameter families VIa and VIIa with special cases VI0, VII0 and VIa=1/2 = III. The algebra heis3 denotes the three-dimensional Heisenberg algebra. The table also gives the dimensions of the automorphism groups and the dimensions of the possible isometry groups of the corresponding group manifolds. The identifications in column 5 can be found in [34]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-penrose-diagram-for-the-solution-5-6-and-for-r8kbtzlq.png Figure 1. The Penrose diagram for the solution (5.6), and for the Einstein–de Sitter universe, is given by the upper half of the diamond representing Minkowski spacetime and has a singularity at t = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-different-non-semisimple-bianchi-types-of-d-8-ickh06mk.png Table 2. The different non-semisimple Bianchi types of D = 8 gauged supergravities, resulting from reduction of D = 9 ungauged supergravity by using different combinations of subgroups of the global symmetry groups in D = 9. Here and denote the elements of SL(2,R) and SO(1, 1), respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-numbers-of-isometries-of-the-three-dimensional-1wx4noz6.png Table 3. The numbers of isometries of the three-dimensional group manifold for the different n-tuple domain wall solutions. For a given type one finds isometry enhancement by decreasing n, i.e. upon identifying two harmonic functions hm. https://scispace.com/papers/the-beneficial-role-of-memory-reactivation-for-language-4w0o519i3z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-working-model-and-empirical-findings-for-neural-1r6hn5a0.png Figure 3: Working model and empirical findings for neural oscillatory mechanisms underlying the memory benefits of cueing during sleep. A: The presentation of a memoryrelated cue during NREM causes the hippocampus dependent reinstatement of the entire memory representations in the cortex, which is coded in theta and gamma activity. The thetagamma interaction provides the means for the temporal ordering and binding of individual memory representations. Sleep spindle occurring in parallel or shortly after increases in theta activity are necessary to support the stabilization, strengthening and integration of the reactivated memory representation during sleep. B: Disturbing these combined oscillatory signals by presenting further auditory stimuli in close proximity disrupts the reinstatement (theta, gamma) and stabilization / integration (spindle) process and blocks the beneficial effect of cueing during sleep. Delaying further auditory stimulation by a least 1.5 seconds after the cue is sufficient for a successful completion of the stabilization and integration process (not shown, see Figure 1G). C: In our recent study (Schreiner, Lehmann, & Rasch, 2015) successful cueing of Dutch words during NREM sleep was associated with enhanced power in the theta and spindle band (representative electrode F3). Verbal cues were presented at time 0ms. D: The differences in the theta and spindle band vanished when Dutch cues were immediately followed by feedback. Importantly this effect was paralleled by a blockade of memory benefits of cueing on the behavioural level, indicating the critical role of theta and spindle activity for successful https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effects-of-cueing-on-theta-activity-during-later-233yqv9w.png Figure 2: Effects of cueing on theta activity during later recognition testing during wakefulness. A: Oscillatory activity recorded during recognition was computed for hits (words correctly identified as old) and correct rejections (words correctly identified as new). Theta power (representative electrode Pz) was significantly stronger for hits as compared to correct rejections. Bar charts indicate the number of significant electrodes over time. B: To specifically determine potential effects of cueing, the total number of recognized old words was divided into old words replayed during sleep (cued) and old words not replayed during sleep (uncued). Cued old words elicited significantly stronger theta activity over centroparietal regions. C: Theta power significantly differed between old and new words in source space (time window: 600 – 1,300ms). Activation was found in the left inferior prefrontal cortex, specifically Brodmann areas (BA) 47 and 45 (Broca’s area). Activation is displayed https://scispace.com/papers/the-biosynthesis-of-polyisoprenoids-5fbz7wtqii 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mass-spectra-of-succinic-anhydrides-at-mle-56-60-for-vjl6lycq.png Table 1. Mass spectra of succinic anhydrides at mle 56-60. For each sample, the highest peak in the group is given the arbitrary value 100 and values for the other peaks are calculated on this basis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-micro-manipulations-of-succinic-acid-1amijp0g.png Figure 1. Micro-manipulations of succinic acid https://scispace.com/papers/the-bladed-beowulf-a-cost-effective-alternative-to-4kh4p6fa0c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-intermediate-stage-of-a-gravitational-n-body-30c4y03i.png Figure 5. Intermediate Stage of a Gravitational N-body Simulation with 9.7 Million Particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-rlx-serverblade-19z9evzu.png Figure 1. The RLX ServerBlade https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-rlx-system-324-1hfdy6h2.png Figure 2. The RLX System 324 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-historical-performance-of-treecode-on-clusters-and-3g6tb0c1.png Table 2. Historical Performance of Treecode on Clusters and Supercomputers https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-performance-power-ratio-for-five-parallel-computing-34i5dvg8.png Table 4. Performance-Power Ratio for Five Parallel-Computing Systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-space-ratio-for-five-parallel-computing-2wdsqrpo.png Table 5. Performance-Space Ratio for Five Parallel-Computing Systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-power-dissipation-per-square-centimeter-for-vutgpxx1.png Figure 3. Power Dissipation Per Square Centimeter for Commodity Microprocessors (Source: Fred Pollack, Intel. New Microprocessor Challenges in the Coming Generations of CMOS Technologies, MICRO32) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-total-cost-of-ownership-for-a-24-node-cluster-over-a-21oho6z0.png Table 3. Total Cost of Ownership for a 24-node Cluster Over a Four-Year Period https://scispace.com/papers/the-business-model-of-social-banks-1zee0zvast 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-definition-of-variables-1kdzmnov.png Table 2. Definition of Variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-business-model-predicted-signs-3c7w8mte.png Table 1. Business Model: Predicted Signs https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-social-banks-and-market-interest-rates-11r6n3dz.png Table 6. Social Banks and Market Interest Rates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-social-banks-and-stakeholder-ownership-tevziq00.png Table 5. Social Banks and Stakeholder Ownership https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-core-business-model-of-social-banks-1ru6vg5a.png Table 4. The Core Business Model of Social Banks https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-social-versus-conventional-banks-x95awko1.png Table 3. Summary Statistics: Social versus Conventional Banks https://scispace.com/papers/the-capacity-region-of-the-fading-interference-channel-with-4cojvha0s1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-icr-a-schematic-layout-additive-noises-are-not-dflijdyd.png Fig. 1. ICR—a schematic layout. Additive noises are not depicted. https://scispace.com/papers/the-case-of-the-missing-visual-details-occlusion-and-long-33l4ac7r7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-the-stimuli-and-test-conditions-for-14k65lnv.png Figure 2. Example of the stimuli and test conditions for Experiments 5 and 6. If during the encoding phase, participants saw (in separate blocks) the solid occluded teapot, a stripe occluded binoculars, and a checker occluded drill (as shown at the top of the figure), the memory tests would appear like those below. In Experiment 5, participants were instructed to choose the image that was identical to the one encoded (the exact image). In Experiment 6, participants were instructed to choose the object token encoded even though the visible parts of the test object were the previously occluded portions (i.e., the non-presented portions of the object). The correct answers in both examples are: Solid = Left, Stripe = Right, Checker = Left. Images were presented in color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-description-of-the-procedure-and-stimuli-from-hld2r7q6.png Figure 1. A description of the procedure and stimuli from Experiment 1. The order of block was counterbalanced across participants. Stimuli were presented in full color on a neutral gray background (RGB=120). Within an encoding block of 64 objects, all pictures were presented with the same condition (Fully visible, Stripe, or Solid). Memory tests followed the encoding sequence in each block. https://scispace.com/papers/the-causal-history-of-africa-a-response-to-hopkins-t3dxwomrjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-institutional-quality-and-economic-performance-261aouf2.png Figure 1. Institutional quality and economic performance https://scispace.com/papers/the-cc-model-as-organizational-design-striving-to-combine-5g750cgwpo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-reference-model-of-a-knowledge-network-and-its-3850n6jp.png Fig. 1 Reference model of a Knowledge Network and its interrelated layers (Back et al. 2005) https://scispace.com/papers/the-chandra-deep-field-south-optical-spectroscopy-i-27np0zhrkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-x-ray-flux-of-the-cdfs-sources-as-a-function-of-1rsfq473.png Fig. 16.— X-ray flux of the CDFS sources as a function of redshift for the 0.5-2 keV band (top) and 2-10 keV band (bottom). Symbols are as in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-r-band-magnitude-distribution-of-the-selected-2r8ndbtk.png Fig. 2.— The R-band magnitude distribution of the selected (primary) optical counterparts of the X-ray sources in our survey (solid line). For comparision, we also show (dotted line) the expected distribution of random field galaxies normalized to the total area of the error circles of our X-ray sources, based on galaxy number count measurements (Metcalfe et al. 2001; Jones et al. 1991). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-hardness-ratio-versus-redhsift-assuming-a-typical-2x72qiwm.png Fig. 12.— Hardness ratio versus redhsift, assuming a typical absorbed AGN spectrum with Γ = 2 and different absorptions, expressed as log(NH). Identified CDFS objects are also plotted (see Figure 1 for symbols). HEX objects (likely optical type-2 AGNs) are additionaly marked with a hexagon. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-r-magnitude-as-a-function-of-redshift-for-the-cdfs-x-22teds1v.png Fig. 17.— R magnitude as a function of redshift for the CDFS X-ray sources. Symbols are as in Figure 1. The dotted lines indicate the two structures around z = 0.67 and 0.73. The solid line corresponds to an absolute magnitude of MR = −23. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-21-the-x-ray-luminosity-in-the-2-10-kev-band-versus-the-1m2d9rd9.png Fig. 21.— The X-ray luminosity in the 2-10 keV band versus the absolute K magnitude. Symbols are as in Figure 1. We also convert the relation found between bulge luminosity and black hole mass (Marconi & Hunt 2003), by assuming that around 40% of the K-band emission is coming from the bulge and an X-ray luminosity of 0.1% of the Eddington limit (Solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-the-hardness-ratio-defined-from-the-net-count-rates-2z0hu0s8.png Fig. 20.— The hardness ratio (defined from the net count rates in the 2-10 keV and 0.5-2 keV bands: see Section 7) versus R−K colour. Symbols are as in Figure 1 for the reliable z identifications, similar symbols but of smaller sizes for the tentative z identifications. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-comparision-of-the-optical-and-x-ray-classification-2q8789j4.png Table 8. Comparision of the optical and X-ray classification. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-x-ray-to-optical-flux-ratio-ranges-for-different-16rtxzpu.png Table 2. X-ray-to-optical flux ratio ranges for different classes of objects https://scispace.com/papers/the-characterisation-of-non-evaporable-getters-by-auger-3ydn3s897t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-view-of-the-sample-mountings-a-and-b-1dy8o7tt.png Figure 1: Schematic view of the sample mountings a and b, which were used for sample heating in the Auger electron spectrometer. Sample mounting a allows to clamp two samples with the dimensions 14 mm x 10 mm x 1 mm to the sample plate by means of a mask, which covers the sample edges. With mounting b only one sample (dimensions 50 mm x 40 mm x 1 mm) is fixed to the sample plate using four screws. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-direct-en-e-left-plot-and-derivative-den-e-de-auger-zeerwy8w.png Figure 2: Direct EN(E) (left plot) and derivative dEN(E)/dE Auger electron spectra of a TiZrV NEG thin film on stainless steel, as-received (A.r.) and after heating for 1 h at 200 °C and 300 °C. The 40 mm x 50 mm NEG thin film sample, with an in-depth composition Ti-24, Zr-54, V-22 atomic per cent, was mounted using heater assembly b. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-cl-lmm-peak-area-variation-with-the-square-root-of-1iy72rtb.png Figure 8: Cl-LMM peak area variation with the square root of time during thermal treatment of different TiZrV NEG samples at various temperatures. All samples are TiZrV coatings with identical composition (Ti-29, Zr-28, V-43 atomic per cent) and 1 µm thickness on 316LN stainless steel substrates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-c-kll-peak-area-variation-on-various-similar-tizrv-36vlux4y.png Figure 7: C-KLL peak-area variation on various similar TiZrV thin film coatings as a function of heating temperature. The C-KLL peak area of the 3 large sized samples (full symbols, heater assembly b) remains almost constant during the thermal treatments, while on all small TiZrV samples (empty symbols, heater assembly a), a strong CKLL peak increase is observed after 1 h heating at 120 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-a-typical-c-kll-p-t-p-height-and-ll7ksbxo.png Figure 6: Comparison between a typical C-KLL p-t-p height and peak area evolution as a function of the applied temperature during a 1 h heating of a 14 mm x 10 mm TiZrV NEG sample. The peak area values are scaled so that the p-t-p height and the peak area values in the as-received spectrum are equal. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-between-the-sensitivity-of-xps-and-aes-1g055vz2.png Table 1: A comparison between the sensitivity of XPS and AES for Cl in submonolayer coverage relative to the sensitivity of the same techniques for bulk Zr. For XPS and AES the in depth sensitivity factors [24,25] are relative to the sensitivity of F 1s and Cl-LMM, respectively. The ratio λ1049eV/λ181eV is estimated from the ‘universal curve’ of Seah and Dench [27]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-zr-m45n23n45-line-shape-changes-as-a-function-of-xeewaivd.png Figure 5: Zr-M4,5N2,3N4,5 line shape changes as a function of heating temperature of the Ti-24, Zr-54, V-22 atomic per cent thin film, which survey spectra are shown in Figure 2. With increasing heating temperature the peak component at 147 eV increases with respect to the one at 141 eV, indicating the progressive reduction of ZrO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-variation-of-the-cl-lmm-auger-peak-intensity-as-a-35obfsqk.png Figure 11: Variation of the Cl-LMM Auger peak intensity as a function of electron irradiation time at room temperature and at 270 °C. The substrate is a TiZrV thin film after several hours of heating at 350 °C. https://scispace.com/papers/the-changing-role-of-ornamental-horticulture-in-alien-plant-1iv8djuntd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-absolute-and-b-normalised-first-record-rates-for-2q05v4ho.png Fig. 4. (A) Absolute and (B) normalised first-record rates for naturalised species that are not known to be planted in gardens, and that are planted in domestic gardens (Dave’s Garden PlantFiles, http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/; the Plant Information Online database, https://plantinfo.umn.edu/), botanical gardens (PlantSearch of Botanic Gardens Conservation International, http:// www.bgci.org/plant_search.php) or both. The data on first-record rates were taken from Seebens et al. (2017). First-record rates are defined as the number of first records of alien species per 10-year period. As the first-record rates for naturalised species that are only known to occur in domestic gardens or in no garden at all were very low, the inset of A zooms in on those species. In B, the data were normalised by setting the highest first-record rate of each group equal to 1, and changing the other values proportionally. The trends in B are indicated by running medians (lines). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-main-pools-boxes-and-flows-arrows-of-species-nuiw941o.png Fig. 1. The main pools (boxes) and flows (arrows) of species introduced for ornamental purposes, and the actors and processes involved. The width of the different species pools illustrate differences in their sizes: the cultivated species pool represents a subset of the wild species pool, and the escaped species pool is a subset of the cultivated species pool. Note that although we do not include arrows from breeders and propagators, and from wholesalers and retailers to the escaped species pool, alien plants may also escape at those stages of the supply chain. The dashed arrow indicates that the escaped alien species become part of the wild species pool, and thus that in certain regions alien species might subsequently be collected again for ornamental purposes. Across the different horticultural and ornamental trade stages, the size of the cultivated species pool changes; some of the species collected by plant hunters will not be used by breeders and propagators, but the latter will through breeding and hybridisation create new taxa, and some of the species offered by the nursery trade network of wholesalers and retailers will not be sold and planted. The thin arrows from plant hunters to botanical gardens and domestic gardens, indicate that some species planted in these gardens were collected in the wild, and by-passed the commercial ornamental plant industry. The looped arrow for botanical gardens indicates the exchange of seeds/plants among botanical gardens and the looped arrow for domestic gardens indicates the exchange of seeds/plants among hobby gardeners. Public spaces include both public green spaces (e.g. city parks) and infrastructure (e.g. road-side plantings). For similar diagrams, see Drew, Anderson & Andow (2010) and Hulme et al. (2018). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-import-value-us-of-live-plants-to-each-country-1w20gqll.png Fig. 5. (A) The import value (US$) of live plants to each country averaged for the period 2001–2010, and expressed per person. Plant import data were extracted from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics database (Comtrade; http://comtrade.un .org), and included commodity codes 0601 (bulbs and seeds) and 0602 (other live plants). Human population data were taken from CIESIN et al. (2011). Values are presented as 20% quantiles. (B) The increase in the imports of live plants expressed relative to the region with the greatest increase, Europe. Rates of increase were calculated as the area under the trend curve, and for East Asia was calculated from 2005 to 2015 due to the decrease in plant imports that occurred prior to that. (C, D) Change in import value (US$) of live plants (from 1995 to 2015, reliable plant import data were not available before 1995), for the highest four (C) and lowest five (D) importing regions shown in B. Colours correspond to the legend in B. As the rates of increase for Africa and Western Asia were identical, we distinguish Africa with white stippling on the map in panel B, and a dashed line on the graph in panel D. Import values were summed across all countries in a region, and regions were defined according to sub-continent and similarity among import trends. Import values and trends were very similar for some geographically disjunct regions, and so values were aggregated to reduce the number of lines and maximise colour differences: for Central-South America and Africa Pearson’s r = 0.81, P < 0.00001, df = 19; the combined import values for Central-north Asia, south and south-east Asia, and Oceania were grouped as they were relatively low. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-venn-diagram-illustrating-that-most-of-the-species-2pnw1spk.png Fig. 2. Venn diagram illustrating that most of the species that have become naturalised somewhere in the world are grown in domestic gardens and in botanical gardens. A circle illustrating the size of the global vascular plant flora has been added for comparison. Data on the global naturalised flora were extracted from the Global Naturalized Alien Flora database (GloNAF version 1.1; van Kleunen et al., 2015). Data on species grown in private gardens were extracted from Dave’s Garden PlantFiles (http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/) and the Plant Information Online database (https://plantinfo.umn.edu/). Data on species grown in botanical gardens were extracted from the PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI; http://www.bgci.org/plant_search.php). All species names were standardised according to The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/), which also provided the number for the size of the global vascular plant flora. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-eight-key-research-topics-proposed-for-studying-2pi7c8ur.png Table 1. Eight key research topics proposed for studying horticulture and plant invasions, associated priority research questions, and the required data and methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-proportion-of-947-botanical-gardens-across-six-20225xvx.png Fig. 6. Proportion of 947 botanical gardens across six continents that participate in retail plant sales, horticulture or plant breeding research, or undertake plant explorations. Data from Botanic Garden Conservation International Garden Search (www.bgci.org/garden_search.php; accessed on 1 November 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-main-sources-of-plants-in-botanical-gardens-based-on-a-26ddh6xv.png Fig. 7. Main sources of plants in botanical gardens, based on a questionnaire to which 161 botanical gardens responded. Six of the botanical gardens indicated two sources as the main ones; these were assigned to both sources. The botanical gardens were grouped according to continent (Taxonomic Databases Working Group continent; Brummitt, 2001). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-among-naturalised-species-those-grown-in-domestic-or-31ttmqe6.png Fig. 3. Among naturalised species, those grown in domestic or botanical gardens have become naturalised in more regions around the globe than species not known to be grown (labelled ‘No’ on figure) in gardens (Kruskal-Wallis χ2 = 1379.8, df = 3, P < 0.001). In the boxplots, the dark solid lines indicate the medians (i.e. the 50th percentile), the boxes indicate the interquartile ranges (i.e. the data points between the 25th and 75th percentiles), the whiskers indicate the data points within a range of 1.5 times the interquartile range above the box, and the plotted data points indicate the outliers. Data were taken from the Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database (version 1.1; van Kleunen et al., 2015), Dave’s Garden PlantFiles (http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/), the Plant Information Online database (https://plantinfo.umn.edu/) and PlantSearch of Botanic Gardens Conservation International (http://www .bgci.org/plant_search.php). https://scispace.com/papers/the-choice-between-judicial-and-administrative-sanctioned-51wdhsrly0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-18ssjgkw.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bank-insolvency-in-germany-the-uk-and-spain-1m4eeb43.png Table 2: Bank insolvency in Germany, the UK, and Spain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bank-insolvency-management-1h7scx29.png Figure 1: Bank insolvency management https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-institutional-framework-for-bank-resolution-and-2dqri5a5.png Table 1: Institutional framework for bank resolution and liquidation: Selected countries https://scispace.com/papers/the-circular-economy-motivating-recycling-behavior-for-a-30dk30t7pt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yoyos-design-choices-and-key-barriers-to-recycling-3a7w9dbk.png Table 2. Yoyo’s Design Choices and Key Barriers to Recycling https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-factors-affecting-recycling-behavior-presented-in-5uoc2f5j.png Table 1 - Factors affecting recycling behavior presented in the literature https://scispace.com/papers/the-clowes-campusano-large-quasar-group-survey-i-galex-scuerdrjik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observation-summary-18xghu1u.png Table 1 Observation Summary https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-results-of-the-completeness-simulations-for-the-3kff2qrn.png Figure 3. Results of the completeness simulations for the northern (upper row) and southern field (lower row) in the FUV (left column) and NUV (right column) filters. The marginally low values for the detection efficiency at AB < 24.0 can be explained by confusion due to the large GALEX PSF. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sed-fitting-results-for-bright-faint-subsamples-1q0oi4go.png Table 4 SED Fitting Results for Bright-faint Subsamples https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-sed-fitting-results-for-color-selected-lbg-x4i4ya49.png Table 7 SED Fitting Results for Color Selected LBG Subsamples Including Extinction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-lfs-for-the-lbg-candidate-samples-filled-diamonds-27zkoyuu.png Figure 12. LFs for the LBG candidate samples (filled diamonds) and the all NUV selected galaxies (open squares) in the four different redshift bins. The LFs were derived using the 1/Vmax method. For comparison we plotted LFs for different redshift intervals and selection criteria of Arnouts et al. (2005). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-distribution-in-magnitudes-for-2ebhcpmj.png Figure 4. Comparison of the distribution in magnitudes for real (dashed) and simulated (solid) NUV GALEX data. The distributions are consistent with each other. Poisson errors in the real data are omitted for clarity. See text for simulation details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-confusion-on-photometric-results-of-nuv-rg42na8g.png Figure 5. Effect of confusion on photometric results of NUV GALEX data. Comparison of magnitudes before (min) and after placing additional artificial galaxies in the field (mout). For galaxies withmin 23.5 (reflecting the selection criteria used for the LBG candidate sample) the change in magnitude is relatively small with a rms for the offset dmrms = 0.0707. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-for-lbg-candidates-228qh32r.png Table 2 Examples for LBG Candidates https://scispace.com/papers/the-co-evolution-of-taxi-drivers-and-their-in-car-navigation-3qi4cboai2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aspects-of-coevolution-studied-vbldj46i.png Table 1. Aspects of coevolution studied https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-eco-system-of-artifacts-that-taxi-drivers-use-in-dbqfmxbl.png Table 2. The eco-system of artifacts that taxi drivers use in the wayfinding https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-artifacts-for-wayfind-in-the-taxi-in-barcelona-342xu8qr.png Figure 2. Artifacts for wayfind in the taxi in Barcelona. Dispatched radio (audio or text), satellite navigation system, newspaper, paper notes and the Guia. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-waiting-area-at-the-barcelona-airport-classic-lmvcihal.png Figure 1. Waiting area at the Barcelona airport. Classic activities revolve around fixing or cleaning the taxi, sleeping, reading, eating and playing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-use-of-the-guia-at-a-stop-when-approaching-to-vucxidf7.png Figure 3. . Use of the "Guia" at a stop when approaching to destination https://scispace.com/papers/the-co-pyrolysis-of-flame-retarded-high-impact-polystyrene-1sbyy7ve1w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-and-composition-of-the-samples-pyrolysed-141ka8xi.png Table 1 Description and composition of the samples pyrolysed in the fixed bed reactor https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-antimony-trioxide-on-the-mass-balance-2pkhtvqz.png Table 2 The effect of antimony trioxide on the mass balance during the copyrolysis of Br-HIPS + PP and Br-HIPS + PE in a fixed bed reactor at 430°C https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-gc-fid-chromatograms-of-the-hexane-fraction-of-the-2qs5ql50.png Figure 9 GC-FID chromatograms of the hexane fraction of the fractionated HIPS + polypropylene oil/wax produced by pyrolysis at 430°C in a fixed bed reactor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-gc-fid-chromatograms-of-the-hexane-fraction-of-the-c70uppbz.png Figure 10 GC-FID chromatograms of the hexane fraction of the fractionated HIPS + polyethylene oil/wax produced by pyrolysis at 430°C in a fixed bed reactor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ft-ir-spectra-of-the-pyrolysis-oils-resulting-from-mtyszci3.png Figure 5 FT-IR spectra of the pyrolysis oils resulting from the pyrolysis of BrHIPS + polypropylene and Br-HIPS + polyethylene with and without https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-gc-ecd-analysis-of-the-unfractionated-oil-wax-7n0pfpwf.png Figure 11 GC-ECD analysis of the unfractionated oil/wax resulting from the pyrolysis of Br-HIPS + polypropylene at 430°C in a fixed bed reactor https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gc-ms-analysis-of-the-unfractionated-oil-wax-2kz4n4jh.png Figure 6 GC-MS analysis of the unfractionated oil/wax resulting from the pyrolysis of Br-HIPS + PP and Br-HIPS + PE at 430°C where E = https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-composition-of-the-organic-pyrolysis-gases-z481l3vj.png Figure 4 The composition of the organic pyrolysis gases during the pyrolysis of Br-HIPS + PE at 430°C in a fixed bed reactor https://scispace.com/papers/the-colors-and-sizes-of-recently-quenched-galaxies-a-result-2ajczsy1xn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-of-recently-quenched-galaxies-2o5w3eqc.png Table 1. Sample of Recently Quenched Galaxies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-star-formation-histories-and-evolution-of-2lz7bacl.png Figure 3. Model star-formation histories and evolution of observables, sampled every 100 Myr. (a) The model star-formation histories. Each model consists of two parts: the constant star formation (t−tburst ≤ 0) and the starburst with exponential-decay (t − tburst > 0). The star-formation rates are normalized by the constant star-formation phase. For the starburst phase, the star-formation rates are manually shifted vertically for small amounts for presentation. The parameter b represents the ratio between the stellar masses form in the burst to the constant phase, b ≡ Mburst/Mconst, and the τ is the exponential decay timescale. The b = 0 represents a pure truncation scenario: no new star form after the constant phase ends. The solid and dashed lines represent for models with τ = 0.1 Gyr and τ = 0.5 Gyr, respectively, where the colors distinguish models of different burst strength b. The gray dash-dotted line is the model with b = 0. The truncation at low SFR and changing of y-scale are only for presentation purposes. Thick segmentes show the periods when galaxies are classified as recently quenched galaxies: UVJ quiescent and EW(Hδ) > 4Å (Section 2.1). (b) The evolution of equivalent width of Hδ absorption. (c) The evolution of V-J color. (d) The evolution of U-V color. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-an-illustration-of-the-effect-of-non-uniform-dust-vpboomeh.png Figure 8. An illustration of the effect of non-uniform dust attenuation on color and size. The 3 model galaxies have the same star-formation history and mass distribution of τ = 0.5 Gyr, b = 0.3, and Av,old = 0.1. We then artificially impose heavier attenuation at the center 1 kpc for two galaxies, Av,center = 0.5 and 1.0. Model galaxies with heavy attenuation in the centers become both redder and larger because a larger fraction of light from the compact burst component is attenuated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-size-evolution-of-recently-quenched-galaxies-a-the-33k3qfyv.png Figure 7. Size evolution of recently quenched galaxies. (a) The Re evolution as a function of time for the models in Section 4. Dotted lines show the upper and lower limits of Re for each SFH, generated from initial disks of 3 and 8 kpc. The colored areas are the Re when model galaxies are classified as recently quenched with initial Re between 3 and 8 kpc. (b) The Re of recently quenched galaxies as a function of V − J colors. The color areas are the same models as in panel (a). Circles are observed recently quenched galaxies. The arrow indicates the effect of attenuation, assuming it is uniform across the galaxy. The possible ranges of colors and Re of τ = 0.1 Gyr models match the observed correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-an-example-of-the-evolution-surface-brightness-2jr0h63q.png Figure 6. An example of the evolution surface brightness profiles of recently quenched galaxies. The model galaxy has an initial Re = 5 kpc for the disk component (thick purple line), followed by a Re = 1 kpc burst of b = 0.1 and τ = 0.1 Gyr. The dark blue, magenta, and orange lines represent the profiles at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 Gyr after the burst, respectively. Solid lines shows the evolution of the total Bband surface brightness profile. The profiles of the disk and the burst components are dashed and dotted lines, respectively. The light from the burst and the disk component decreases ∼ 10 times and ∼ 3 times in the first 1 Gyr after the burst. The galaxy appears less concentrated as it evolves thus Re increases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-u-v-and-the-v-j-colors-of-recently-quenched-rnzvr1kj.png Figure 1. (a) The U−V and the V−J colors of recently quenched galaxies (green circles): quiescent galaxies with EW(Hδ) ≥ 4Å. Other galaxies in the LEGA-C DR2 satisfying the quality cut (SN RF 4000 ≥ 10, f use = 1, f int = 0, and with EW(Hδ) measurement) are also plotted, color-coded by their Hδ absorption strength. The dotted lines are the demarcation separating quiescent galaxies from star-forming galaxies on the UVJ diagram. (b) The stellar masses and redshifts of the recently quenched galaxy sample. (c) The EW(Hδ) of recently quenched (green), quiescent, and star-forming galaxies, respectively. The strengths of the EW(Hδ) absorption of recently quenched galaxies are comparable to those of star-forming galaxies, indicating young stellar populations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-examples-images-colors-and-spectra-of-recently-2a5x78uq.png Figure 2. Examples images, colors, and spectra of recently quenched galaxies. First column: HST F814W images. Second column: The rest-frame U − V and V − J colors. Third column: The spectra around rest-frame 4000Å. Recently quenched galaxies in this paper are quiescent galaxies (according to their U − V and V − J colors) with strong Balmer absorption line (EW(Hδ) ≥ 4Å.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-combinatorics-of-discrete-time-trees-theory-and-open-37gen45nre 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trees-t-and-r-are-at-dtt2-distance-3-to-move-from-t-to-1iad3lq3.png Fig. 3 Trees T and R are at DtT2 distance 3. To move from T to R in DtT2, one must decrease the length of interval I , swap the ranks of nodes A and C bounding interval J , and perform an NNI move on interval K , resolving nodes C and D https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graph-grammar-for-rnniu-maps-i-are-shown-by-dashed-28fdkq4m.png Fig. 5 Graph grammar for RNNIu. Maps →i are shown by dashed lines. In the first two productions, the edge-ends marked by β and γ without dashed lines are mapped to each other: top γ to top γ , β to β, bottom γ to bottom γ . In the last production, edge-ends marked by the same label are mapped to each other. All pairs of nodes on both sides of each production must be of consecutive ranks. The first two productions correspond to an NNI move, while the last production corresponds to rank change https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-shortest-paths-in-nni-may-not-be-shortest-in-rnni-3j5z49p6.png Fig. 4 Shortest paths in NNI may not be shortest in RNNI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-algorithm-to-compute-a-not-necessarily-shortest-3rftivfy.png Fig. 6 An algorithm to compute a (not necessarily shortest) path between discrete time-trees. Although the trees at steps (6) and (7) look identical, the topologies inside the triangles are different: those at step (6) correspond to the restriction of T , at step (7)—of R https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-time-tree-on-6-leaves-time-is-measured-by-non-negative-3k5ifp7o.png Fig. 1 Time-tree on 6 leaves. Time is measured by non-negative real numbers. If all times are integers, the tree is a discrete time-tree https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-all-possible-moves-performed-on-intervals-i-and-j-y7myd7ds.png Fig. 2 All possible moves performed on intervals I and J . Assuming that the length of every event interval is either 1 or 2, the outer trees are all possible neighbors in DtT of the tree in the middle obtained by moves performed on intervals I and J . The trees on the right are obtained by moves performed on interval I and those on the left on J https://scispace.com/papers/the-competing-risk-analysis-of-post-ipo-delistings-1io4bnzpix 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-status-of-ipo-firms-through-1975-to-2006-14fdl138.png Table 2: Status of IPO firms through 1975 to 2006 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-definitions-1d1pfrek.png Table 1. Variable definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-competing-risk-model-estimated-based-on-information-2aspsxwv.png Table 4 Competing-risk Model Estimated Based on Information Including post-IPO Data https://scispace.com/papers/the-compact-circumstellar-material-around-oh-231-8-4-2-55bxwojkzs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-radius-half-the-fwhm-of-the-gaussian-to-reproduce-the-3k2nft1e.png Fig. 4.—Radius (half the FWHM of the Gaussian) to reproduce the visibilities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlated-flux-of-the-mid-infrared-core-uj9epr9k.png Fig. 3.—Correlated flux of the mid-infrared “core.” https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spectra-of-oh-231-bold-solid-line-total-spectrum-using-39t4ibrf.png Fig. 2.—Spectra of OH 231.Bold solid line, total spectrum using OB1– OB4 data, together with the error bars;dotted line, spectrum reduced from OB1 (calibrator: HD 50778);dashed line, spectrum reduced from OB2, OB3, and OB4 (calibrator: HD 61935). The difference below 8.5mm is probably caused by the uncertainty of SiO band intensities in the spectra of the calibrators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observing-log-for-midi-2ohkl5m4.png TABLE 1 Observing Log for MIDI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-c-near-infrared-adaptive-optics-images-of-oh-231-3sssgk0h.png Fig. 1.—(a–c) Near-infrared adaptive optics images of OH 231. Lines in (b) show the approximate baseline position angle of OB1 and OB4 for MIDI observations. Inset (c) shows the brightest region of theL′-band image in a different color scale so as to clearly show the unresolved “central” object inside. North is up, and east is to the left. The color in inset (d) shows the OH maser velocity map, superposed on theL′-band ISAAC contour image. Note that the scale in (d) is 16# 20 arcsec2, which is different from that in (a), (b), and (c). https://scispace.com/papers/the-completion-behaviour-of-registered-apprentices-who-9djstia0es 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-registered-apprentices-by-sex-and-major-2agz9xxr.png Table 1 Number of registered apprentices, by sex and major trade group, Canada, 1995 and 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-statistics-for-long-term-continuers-2rj5q608.png Table 3 Summary statistics for long-term continuers, completers and discontinuers, 2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentage-of-completions-to-registered-apprentices-1ki29pm2.png Table 2 Percentage of completions to registered apprentices, by sex and major trade group, Canada, 1995, 2000, and 2003 to 2007 https://scispace.com/papers/the-complete-genomes-of-lactobacillus-plantarum-and-13c4dea5bt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-a-gene-cluster-conserved-between-l-1lfthozc.png Fig. 3. Example of a gene cluster conserved between L. johnsonii and L. plantarum. The two horizontal bars at the top represent the two strands of the L. johnsonii genome; the two at the bottom represent the two strands of the L. plantarum genome. Horizontal arrows represent CDSs. Red CDSs have an orthologue in the other genome, whereas blue CDSs do not. The vertical bars connect orthologous genes. Almost all of the genes present in the L. johnsonii gene cluster are also present in L. plantarum, but many of the genes in L. plantarum are not present in L. johnsonii. The genes unique to the L. plantarum cluster include genes encoding four cell-envelope proteins, three proteins of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and a putative L-lactate dehydrogenase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cog-classification-of-l-johnsonii-and-l-plantarum-1miotocg.png Fig. 4. COG classification of L. johnsonii and L. plantarum proteins. Only COG families displaying major differences between the two organisms are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-unique-and-lab-specific-proteins-in-l-plantarum-and-3jljj0oj.png Table 5. Unique and LAB-specific proteins in L. plantarum and L. johnsonii https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-16s-rrna-based-phylogenetic-tree-unrooted-sequences-22k8umj3.png Fig. 1. 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic tree (unrooted). Sequences were extracted from the European rRNA database (Wuyts et al., 2004) and aligned using CLUSTAL W (Thompson et al., 1994). The tree was visualized using TreeView (Page, 1996). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pyruvate-metabolism-in-l-johnsonii-and-l-plantarum-the-3elg1hl1.png Fig. 5. Pyruvate metabolism in L. johnsonii and L. plantarum. The figure is based on the pyruvate metabolism pathway from the KEGG database (Kanehisa et al., 2002). Open circles represent metabolites; the square boxes represent enzymes with their EC numbers. The colour of a box indicates the presence of the gene encoding that enzyme in L. plantarum (blue), in L. johnsonii (yellow) or in both (green). Not shown are enzymes and pathways that (i) are cytochrome dependent, (ii) do not occur in bacteria, and (iii) have no known genes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-transporters-encoded-in-the-genomes-of-l-20k6rggx.png Table 3. Summary of transporters encoded in the genomes of L. plantarum and L. johnsonii https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-genome-features-of-l-plantarum-wcfs1-and-l-johnsonii-3fkgddqx.png Table 1. Genome features of L. plantarum WCFS1 and L. johnsonii NCC533 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-putative-extracellular-proteins-wx1btmzu.png Table 4. Comparison of putative extracellular proteins encoded in the genomes of L. plantarum and L. johnsonii https://scispace.com/papers/the-complexity-of-bounded-synthesis-for-timed-control-with-18ht04lxsj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-on-the-complexities-of-bounded-synthesis-h4iocm9n.png Table 1. Overview on the complexities of bounded synthesis for timed controllers with partial observability. The results written in bold face are established in this paper, the other results are taken from [4]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-components-of-working-memory-updating-an-experimental-4rln7k7w4i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphical-representation-of-the-structural-equation-xl69bvh0.png Figure 2. Graphical representation of the structural equation model for accuracy, showing the prediction of latent updating factors GenAcc (general accuracy), R (retrieval), T (transformation), and S (substitution) by a latent working memory capacity (WMC) factor. Manifest accuracy variables reflect log-transformed accuracy data referring to the eight respective experimental conditions. WMC-related manifest variables reflect mean performance in WMC tasks OS (operation span), SS (sentence span), and SSTM (spatial short-term memory). Estimated standardized weights (correlations, in boldface) are presented adjacent to latent connections. Estimated unstandardized means (in log-accuracy units, italicized) are shown inside the latent factors. Means of latent factors that are not given in the figure (error variables and WMC factor) were fixed at 0. Regression weights in the working memory updating (WMU) measurement model were fixed at 1, with the exception of the link between T and the R-T-sno variable, which was freely estimated (dashed arrow with unstandardized estimate in italics). All estimated covariances provided in the figure are (marginally) significant, p .051 (see upper panel of Table 8); all estimated means are significantly different from 0, p .001. e1–e11 error variables. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conditions-used-in-the-working-memory-updating-3hw7pr4r.png Table 2 Conditions Used in the Working Memory Updating Session, With Examples of Updating Prompts https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-accuracy-of-updating-and-reaction-times-in-the-1mp989o6.png Table 5 Accuracy of Updating and Reaction Times in the Working Memory Updating Task https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-unstandardized-covariances-of-latent-factors-in-27kdae08.png Table 8 Unstandardized Covariances of Latent Factors in Accuracy and Reaction Time Structural Equation Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-standardized-weights-of-working-memory-updating-tcuqzkb4.png Table 6 Standardized Weights of Working Memory Updating Measurement Models https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-standardized-and-unstandardized-weights-of-working-3snpa8tt.png Table 7 Standardized and Unstandardized Weights of Working Memory Capacity Measurement Models https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-trial-sequence-for-the-working-memory-2t94mg0i.png Figure 1. Sample trial sequence for the working memory updating task. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-processes-involved-in-common-working-memory-updating-23ohj4l9.png Table 1 Processes Involved in Common Working Memory Updating Tasks https://scispace.com/papers/the-computational-patient-has-diabetes-and-a-covid-1xtyphfeuw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-representation-of-the-circulatory-system-25kd0yb0.png Figure 3: Schematic representation of the circulatory system composed of heart, pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, and baroreceptors (left). External factors affecting the renin-angiotensin system (ACEi and SARS-CoV-2) are shown in violet (right). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computational-patients-conditions-used-for-the-230qian8.png Table 2: computational patients’ conditions used for the simulations. The diabetic and the RAS models do not depend on patient’s age. Lifestyle habits have been set as three meals and one light workout session in the afternoon for all patients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-website-dashboard-for-computational-patients-2d30yoys.png Figure 7: Website dashboard for computational patients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-computational-patients-customisable-parameters-22dm1gl4.png Table 1: computational patients’ customisable parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparing-blood-pressure-effects-of-covid-19-18ft9b31.png Figure 6: Comparing blood pressure effects of COVID-19 treatments in pulmonary vessels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-modular-systems-several-modules-can-be-used-1zqflcuj.png Figure 1: In modular systems several modules can be used independently to model physiological processes, disregarding their mutual relationships (A). The selection and combination of different components in a hierarchical fashion by means of composable criteria allows a better exploration of the parameter space (B). The actual interpenetration of multiple systems can be achieved by modeling the dynamics of their mutual relationships providing further information on the underlying phenomena (C). Such deeper exploration of the parameter space enhances the evaluation of initial conditions and trajectories in the phase space (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-drug-concentration-for-healthy-individuals-and-2va09msy.png Figure 4: Drug concentration for healthy individuals and patients with renal impairments (left). Glucose metabolised by insulin in healthy and diabetic individuals (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-inflammation-scores-top-left-see-eq-12-the-1jx719gx.png Figure 5: Inflammation scores (top-left, see Eq. 12), the corresponding lungs’ pressures phase space (top-right) and dynamics over time (bottom) https://scispace.com/papers/the-consequences-of-competition-simulating-the-effects-of-2ae40p2q0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-time-allocation-of-researchers-based-on-link-179ddzok.png Table 1 Average time allocation of researchers based on (Link et al, 2008) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-model-performance-as-function-of-nominal-application-lslxstws.png Table 6 Model performance as function of nominal application writing time https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-publications-citations-and-frustration-across-ras-and-hailiy9h.png Fig. 1 Publications, citations and frustration across RAS and Promotion type https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-publication-citation-and-recruitment-rates-100-3g3c0cjw.png Table 2 Publication, citation and recruitment rates/100 researcher years and accumulated frustration and skill levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-average-promotion-years-at-different-career-levels-20kzj4zz.png Table 4 Average promotion years at different career levels (organizational promotion policy) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-head-counts-at-different-career-levels-267mwiif.png Table 3 Average head counts at different career levels (individual promotion policy) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-citation-counts-w-r-t-weight-or-research-skill-row-1oizn1x5.png Table 5 Citation counts w.r.t weight or research skill (row) and evaluation error (column). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-citation-counts-across-skill-research-skills-and-4yytzls8.png Fig. 2 Citation counts across skill research skills and evaluation error https://scispace.com/papers/the-contribution-of-galenics-to-patients-sensory-perception-2a3eqqzlxq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-change-in-nasal-obstruction-upon-treatment-with-new-sos6xn3n.png Figure 4: Change in nasal obstruction upon treatment with new galenics or comparator. Data 490 is expressed as mean VAS + SD, with **p=0.008 for the nasal obstruction from V1 to V3 (after 491 treatment with new galenics). 492 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-differences-of-nasal-sensoric-sum-score-nsss-2p2scxzp.png Figure 5: Mean differences of nasal sensoric sum score (NSSS) from V1 to V3. Patients were 495 treated with new galenics (d0-3) followed by treatment with comparator (d7-10, treatment 496 group 1) or vice versa (treatment group 2). A) analysis results of the entire ITT population 497 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-participants-518-2n3671yc.png Table 1: Baseline characteristics of participants. 518 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-adverse-events-aes-documented-during-the-study-the-12rb7s3p.png Table 2: Adverse events (AEs) documented during the study. The description of the AEs 521 represents the original wording (verbatim) translated into English. 522 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-overall-efficacy-of-study-products-assessed-by-y5x1ronh.png Figure 8: Overall efficacy of study products assessed by patients at V4. Data is expressed as 513 the proportion of patients rating the efficacy of new galenics or comparator as either ‘non-514 satisfactory’, ‘satisfactory’, ‘good’ or ‘very good’. 515 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cross-over-design-and-visit-time-points-of-the-e8yzrjgx.png Figure 1: Cross-over design and visit time points of the trial. During the first visit (V1) on day 472 0, patients were randomly allocated to treatment sequences 1 or 2. Patients of treatment 473 sequence 1 applied the new galenics product for the first 4 days (d0-d3) followed by a wash-474 out period of 3 days (d4-d6). From day 7 on (V3), patients applied the comparator product until 475 day 10, where the final visit (V4) took place. Treatment group 2 applied the two nasal sprays 476 in reverse order. 477 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-preference-of-products-assessed-by-patients-at-v4-1yw7b33r.png Figure 7: Preference of products assessed by patients at V4. Data is expressed as the proportion 507 if patients preferring either new galenics, the comparator or none of the two nasal sprays with 508 *p=0.031. 509 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-change-in-nasal-moisturization-upon-treatment-with-3nz4me1o.png Figure 6: Change in nasal moisturization upon treatment with new galenics or comparator. 502 Data is expressed as mean VAS + SD, with *p=0.026 for nasal moisturization from V3 to V4 503 (during treatment with new galenics). 504 https://scispace.com/papers/the-core-periphery-model-with-forward-looking-expectations-58qh8ha6fb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7m7z3pzb.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-g-low-2ft6qjr0.png Figure 7: γ low https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-global-stability-analysis-1lw010bi.png Figure 2: Global Stability Analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-tomahawk-diagram-2xesrw8z.png Figure 1: The tomahawk diagram. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-qib4ij3d.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-agglomeration-and-dispersions-erode-with-ph-zgcqfqo8.png Figure A-1: Agglomeration and Dispersions Erode with φ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-g-intermediate-4ur1hnsh.png Figure 6: γ intermediate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-g-large-2beldv6u.png Figure 5: γ large https://scispace.com/papers/the-correlation-of-sexual-dysfunction-with-prenatal-stress-2gkqu6qo3x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-effects-of-demographic-variables-prenatal-3rel9h85.png Figure 1. The Effects of Demographic Variables, Prenatal Anxiety, and Quality of Life on Sexual Dysfunction (χ2/df, 1.1; GFI, 0.99; AGFI, 0.97; CFI, 1; SRMR, 0.031; RMSEA, 0.023; NFI, 0.99) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-of-sexual-dysfunction-with-demographic-e22kdll1.png Table 2. Correlation of Sexual Dysfunction with Demographic Variables, Prenatal Anxiety, and Quality of Life https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-variables-on-sexual-2gzqztc6.png Table 3. Direct and Indirect Effects of Variables on Sexual Dysfunction https://scispace.com/papers/the-cranial-nerves-of-amphibia-by-oliver-smith-strong-rafwnfptph 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-39-whether-a-portion-of-it-continues-on-still-further-2rde3rah.png Fig. 39). Whether a portion of it continues on still further cephalad could not be ascertained in the tadpole. According to Osborn (45), it does continue forward in Cryptobranchus. As seen in the figures (31-39) its course is nearly parallel with the ascending Trigeminus tract. Both undergo, on entering the medulla, a downward deflection. Consequently, if the ascending Trigeminus (and this tract t) represent morphologically, in the medulla, the posterior columns of the cord, the tracts and nuclei connected with the lateral line system are superadded structures, inasmuch as they lie dorsal to these. (Compare Ahlborn on Petromyzon.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-vertical-transverse-section-through-a-part-of-the-roof-mhp4evz4.png Fig. 8. Vertical transverse section through a part of the roof of the pharynx, passing through the transverse fold of the epithelium and showing the terminations of a branch of the R. palatinus VII in the epithelium and taste bulbs (end buds). X 58. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i-vertical-section-through-the-epidermis-of-a-tadpole-3a8sdarr.png Fig. I. Vertical section through the epidermis of a tadpole, showing terminations of the Trigeminus. X 155. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-37-which-is-drawn-from-a-golgi-preparation-in-which-the-cz81flqj.png Fig. 37, which is drawn from a Golgi preparation in which the fibres of this ventral rootlet were not impregnated. As will be observed in the figure, the fibres of this second root break through the ascending Trigeminus tract in order to reach the exterior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-longitudinal-frontal-section-through-the-heart-340tzxsc.png Fig. 14. Longitudinal (frontal) section through the heart, showing the ramifications of the Rr. cardiaci X. https://scispace.com/papers/the-costs-and-benefits-of-product-configuration-projects-in-11qfov7nwd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-prelaunch-costs-zbv4ugs4.png Table 2. Prelaunch costs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-costs-and-benefits-of-adding-variety-and-detail-aldsgn0y.png Fig. 6. Costs and benefits of adding variety and detail. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cost-types-in-product-configuration-projects-gkjvrv9p.png Fig. 1. Cost types in product configuration projects. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-coverage-at-the-product-part-and-detail-levels-1cn480et.png Table 5. Coverage at the product part and detail levels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-benefit-types-in-product-configuration-projects-2ucvguxd.png Fig. 2. Benefit types in product configuration projects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-costs-and-benefits-at-the-product-family-level-2qmlfi4l.png Fig. 5. Costs and benefits at the product family level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-benefits-s3c7rh6q.png Table 4. Benefits https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-operating-costs-3e6ugukb.png Table 3. Operating costs https://scispace.com/papers/the-crystal-structure-of-ba3nb2o8-revisited-a-neutron-22pfw61vw0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nb-o-bond-lengths-for-nbo6-octahedra-in-ba3nb2o8-1myoewos.png Table 3 Nb-O bond lengths for NbO6 octahedra in Ba3Nb2O8 according to model 7. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-rietveld-refinement-fit-of-ba3nb2o8-in-the-30yb38ah.png Figure 3 The Rietveld refinement fit of Ba3Nb2O8 in the space group P3m1 using model 7 (a = 5.90849(10), c = 20.9491(12) Å). The fit shown is of the 154.4o detector bank (Rwp = 0.0178, Rp = 0.0214). The figure shows the observed (crosses), calculated (line) and difference profile. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-static-93nb-nmr-spectrum-for-ba3nb2o8-at-18-8t-fyjlrbbg.png Figure 4 (a) Static 93Nb NMR spectrum for Ba3Nb2O8 at 18.8T and 9.4 T showing two overlapping resonances with differing linewidths. The thick line is the raw data, with the other lines showing the fit and the two resolved contributions with very different line widths. (b) Centre-of-gravity shift, cg, as a function of 1/νo2: squares (■) represent those environments unaffected by oxygen vacancies (sharper peak in (a)) whereas circles (●) represent those with broader peaks where vacancies affect the local environment, whilst remaining octahedral in nature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-xrpd-patterns-of-ba3nb2o8-showing-the-formation-of-18uc1okn.png Figure 1 XRPD patterns of Ba3Nb2O8 showing the formation of the impurity phase, Ba5Nb4O15 (indicated by*), over a 72 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-abc-packing-layers-corresponding-ch-sequence-and-1j8hhwv7.png Table 1: ABC packing layers, corresponding ch sequence and Zhdanov notation35 for each 9H unit cell model tested. The resulting Rp and wRp are also given, alongside evidence of reasonable bond lengths. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crystal-structures-of-a-the-palmierite-a3b2o8-b-3m9ohrhr.png Figure 2 Crystal structures of a) the palmierite A3B2O8, b) Ba3Nb2O8 c) 9R perovskite ABO3. The grey polyhedra in palmierite indicate the empty octahedral sites. The cation deficient 9R structure (e.g. Ba3Re2O9) is similar to that of ABO3 but the grey octahedral sites are vacant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structural-parameters-for-ba3nb2o8-obtained-from-the-fi3vla02.png Table 2 Structural Parameters for Ba3Nb2O8 obtained from the Rietveld refinement of neutron diffraction data using model 7. https://scispace.com/papers/the-cyclical-behavior-of-optimal-bank-capital-1jij3ni6yk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-impulse-responses-quarterly-data-initial-shock-of-2828p1xa.png Figure 2: Impulse responses, quarterly data Initial shock of size sin to tL in quarter number 1, 0 .05c https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impulse-responses-quarterly-data-initial-shock-of-mgckgm9q.png Figure 1: Impulse responses, quarterly data Initial shock of size sin to tL in quarter number 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-series-of-capital-variables-all-fdic-insured-16j9gbb9.png Figure 3: Time series of capital variables All FDIC insured banks Millions of 1999 dollars (GDP deflator) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-net-income-net-external-capital-raised-and-net-1l00nwwp.png Figure 4: Net income, net external capital raised, and net change in capital Millions of 1999 dollars (GDP deflator) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimate-of-model-of-the-u-s-real-gdp-gap-given-by-o6cnxndb.png Table 1: Estimate of model of the U.S. real GDP gap, given by equations (33) in the text 0 1 1 2 2t t t ty y y https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-theoretical-and-numerical-coefficients-of-21w5zhuo.png Table 2: Theoretical and numerical coefficients of regressions of capital flows on tL . https://scispace.com/papers/the-cytotoxicity-of-metal-nanoparticles-depends-on-their-3ibcvx2ey4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-metal-nps-and-their-stability-in-cell-culture-media-1hdrlvo5.png Figure 1. Metal NPs and their stability in cell culture media. TEM images of (a) silver and (b) platinum NPs deposited on grids in 2 mM citrate buffer at 1 mg mL−1 stock concentration. Scale bar, 0.1 µm. Photographs of NPs re-suspended in (c) EndoGRO and (d) DMEM media supplemented with FBS at 5% (vials: left and third from left) and 10% (vials: second from left and fourth from left) concentrations (v/v). We first pre-coated NPs with FBS for 3 min at room temperature, and then added them to the cell culture media. Images were obtained after a 24 h incubation period at 37°C, 5% CO2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-venn-diagrams-generated-from-a-down-regulated-and-b-1p3hujom.png Figure 6. Venn diagrams generated from (a) down-regulated and (b) up-regulated protein lists obtained for the hCMEC/D3 cell line, exposed to silver, platinum, and both silver and platinum NPs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-np-dose-response-curves-obtained-for-a-b-hcmec-d3-200k0o8b.png Figure 2. NP dose-response curves obtained for (a, b) hCMEC/D3 cells and (c, d) astrocytes treated for 24 h with silver (left) and platinum (right) NPs. Cell survival was as per a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation (n = 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-over-representation-and-pathway-topology-analyses-18q0id0q.png Figure 7. Over-representation and pathway-topology analyses generated from (a) down-regulated and (b) up-regulated protein lists, obtained for the hCMEC/D3 cell line exposed to silver (green), platinum (blue), and silver/platinum (red) NPs. Relative protein expression levels displayed as a scaled colored overlay. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-quantitative-analysis-of-np-uptake-using-icp-ms-13ii3uq5.png Figure 5. Quantitative analysis of NP uptake using ICP–MS obtained for (a) hCMEC/D3 cells treated for 15 min with 10 µg mL−1 of silver NPs and 70 µg mL−1 of platinum NPs, and (b) astrocytes treated for 30 min with the same exposure dose, 20 µg mL−1, for both silver and platinum NPs. Grey bars, silver abundance; black bars, platinum abundance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cell-viability-results-obtained-for-hcmec-d3-cells-2sqmmler.png TABLE 1. Cell viability results obtained for hCMEC/D3 cells and astrocytes treated with silver and/or platinum NPs for 24 h, as per an MTS assay. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-design-used-for-testing-the-synergy-1tz27k3c.png TABLE 2. Experimental design used for testing the synergy effect derived from silver and platinum NPs on hCMEC/D3 and astrocyte cell lines. https://scispace.com/papers/the-december-2017-hojedk-iran-earthquake-triplet-sequential-2z4pvsk48t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-major-active-faults-red-and-earthquake-focal-t2e062no.png Figure 1. (a) Major active faults (red) and earthquake focal mechanisms of Iran. Shallow earthquakes (<30 km centroid depths) are in dark grey while deeper earthquakes, including intraslab events associated with the Makran subduction zone, are in light grey; depths are from body waveform modelling studies where available, or otherwise the GCMT catalogue. (b) Enlarged map of the Kerman region showing background earthquake focal mechanisms in dark grey and those of the 2017 December Hojedk sequence in colour (E1 in blue, E2 in yellow, E3 in red and smaller aftershocks in orange). Active faults are from Walker (2006) and Walker et al. (2010). https://scispace.com/papers/the-decision-making-process-in-punishment-imposition-four-420i2yq4st 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-on-the-respondents-lawyers-2u3jaq17.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics on the respondents: lawyers’ representation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-descriptive-statistics-concerning-1r1gtq2h.png Table 2. Comparison of descriptive statistics concerning perception of morality in the United States and Russia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-marginal-effects-estimation-for-cases-reviewed-19kr5e1e.png Table 5. Marginal Effects Estimation for Cases Reviewed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-evaluations-of-punishments-for-the-4qi554eb.png Table 4. Comparison evaluations of punishments for the respondents in the United States and Russia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-comparison-of-descriptive-statistics-concerning-3jxg9fjq.png Table 3. The comparison of descriptive statistics concerning the percentage of respondents who found defendants guilty in the USA and Russia. https://scispace.com/papers/the-decline-of-the-temporary-worker-a-regional-perspective-1iw3q050d5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-industry-of-temporary-workers-lfs-spring-2004-1w608zf3.png Table III: Industry of temporary workers (LFS Spring 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-occupation-of-temporary-workers-lfs-spring-2004-74farc9p.png Table IV: Occupation of temporary workers (LFS Spring 2004) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unemployment-rate-determined-by-the-lfs-2n7hw60f.png Figure 1: Unemployment Rate determined by the LFS. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporary-workers-as-a-percentage-of-all-workers-1fk2ybo0.png Figure 2: Temporary workers as a percentage of all workers https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-employment-agency-industry-turnover-3tpeao2l.png Table I: Employment Agency Industry Turnover https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-summary-qualitative-interview-results-23vlj076.png Table V: Summary qualitative interview results https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-regional-patterns-of-employment-lfs-spring-2004-and-2awvnm0h.png Table II: Regional patterns of employment (LFS Spring 2004 and Spring 1998) https://scispace.com/papers/the-declining-interest-in-an-academic-career-26e5h8wcvc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-auxiliary-analyses-1w47h31w.png Table 7. Auxiliary analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-academic-career-interests-by-field-levels-early-in-2a3vplqg.png Table 1. Academic career interests by field. Levels early in the PhD (2010) and changes from 2010 to 2013. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-change-in-academic-career-interests-during-the-phd-32bpvykp.png Fig 2. Change in academic career interests during the PhD program. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-changes-in-preferences-for-work-activities-and-job-117tn3dk.png Fig 4. Changes in preferences for work activities and job attributes. Individuals who remain interested in an academic career are drawn in dark blue and those who lose interest in an academic career in light red; (A) preference for engaging in basic research work activities; (B) preference for engaging in applied research work activities; (C) preference for engaging in commercialization work activities; (D) preference for freedom in choosing work projects; (E) preference for financial income. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multinomial-regressions-predicting-change-in-shw6trjo.png Table 5. Multinomial regressions predicting change in academic career interest (categorical DV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-u-s-trends-in-life-science-engineering-doctorates-and-hyl42wcm.png Fig 1. U.S. trends in life science & engineering doctorates and faculty appointments. Number of doctorate recipients and number of tenure-track faculty appointments 3–5 years after graduation (Data Source: NSF Survey of Doctorate Recipients; number of tenure-track faculty appointments calculated by the authors). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-academic-career-interests-by-gender-and-nationality-299zacqx.png Table 2. Academic career interests by gender and nationality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-in-expectations-of-academic-labor-market-1ivvx5ay.png Fig 3. Changes in expectations of academic labor market conditions. Individuals who remain interested in an academic career drawn in dark blue and those who lose interest in an academic career in light red; (A) expected probability that a PhD in their field can obtain a faculty position after graduation; (B) expected probability that a PhD in their field can obtain an industrial R&D position after graduation; (C) expected number of years of postdoctoral research needed to obtain a faculty position; (D) expected availability of funding for academic research. https://scispace.com/papers/the-decomposition-of-visual-binding-over-time-1zkfxfzmdm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-experiment-2-the-frequency-of-same-and-different-glc3eio9.png Figure 3. Experiment 2: The frequency of `same` and `different` answers in response to same identity, FE and IC probes, (a) for trials with a distractor on the left, and (b) for trials with a distractor on the right . The dashed line reflects chance. Correct answers are ‘same’ responses to same identity probes, and ‘different’ responses to FE and IC probes. Incorrect answers are ‘different’ responses to same identity probes (false negatives) and ‘same’ responses to FE and IC probes (false positives). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experiment-1-the-distribution-of-the-correct-my0w7g1r.png Figure 2. Experiment 1: The distribution of the correct responses and the four different error types (ICs, FEs, distractor reports, other errors) in the five time bins, (a) for trials with a left field distractor, and (b) for trials with a right field distractor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-re-entrant-framework-for-conjunctive-coding-avpnwmsk.png Figure 6. A re-entrant framework for conjunctive coding. Separate input modules code colours and shapes at two different locations (1 and 2), and feed activation forward to conjunctive coding units that form initial feature bindings. These initial feature bindings are stabilised by re-entrant feedback of the initially activated representation. We assume that GK has impairments at both the first (feed-forward) stage of binding and at the later (feed-back) stage. We also propose that the feedback stage was spatially biased to ‘weight’ activation from items in the right visual field, illustrated here by the grey-level gradient and the dotted feed-back line from the left-side units. Though we propose here local units for conjunctive coding, we note that conjunctive coding could take place through distributed representation over coarsely coded units. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-experiment-3-the-frequency-of-false-positive-f7sl1rdx.png Figure 5. Experiment 3: The frequency of false positive answers in response to IC probes (a) and FE probes (b), coloured according to GK’s certainty about his answer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experiment-2-the-distribution-of-correct-responses-22tfc4gx.png Figure 4. Experiment 2: The distribution of correct responses and the three different error types (ICs: false positives to IC probes, FEs: false positives to FE probes, false negatives to same identity probes) in the five time bins. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experiment-1-a-example-of-a-two-letter-trial-with-a-1dcr2ui3.png Figure 1. Experiment 1: (a) Example of a two-letter trial with a target at fixation (e.g., red A) and a distractor in the right visual field (e.g., green B). The different shading patterns in the letters reflect different colours. (b) Illustration of the different answers that GK may give in response to the stimulus display presented in (a). Different types of errors can be made: illusory conjunctions (ICs, e.g. red B), feature errors (FEs, e.g., red C), distractor reports (green B), and ‘other’ errors (e.g., blue C). https://scispace.com/papers/the-delinquency-of-subprime-mortgages-34hn3tsq34 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hausman-and-small-hsiao-tests-of-iia-assumption-2ycyfemd.png Table 2. Hausman and Small-Hsiao tests of IIA assumption https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-one-standard-deviation-elasticity-estimates-czvqha78.png Table 3. One standard deviation elasticity estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-variables-in-the-database-131mwavd.png Table 1. Summary statistics for variables in the database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-nested-logit-model-of-mortgage-loan-performance-tshqbi7x.png Fig. 1. Nested logit model of mortgage loan performance. https://scispace.com/papers/the-demand-for-and-consequences-of-formalization-among-1a3d8hnrub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-treatment-effects-h3ehnzxu.png Table 2: Treatment Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-by-treatment-group-panel-a-4sxqlgqg.png Table 1: Summary Statistics by Treatment Group Panel A: Assignment to Treatment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5b-effect-of-formalizing-on-different-channels-1ulxsnow.png Table 5b: Effect of formalizing on different channels https://scispace.com/figures/table-5c-effect-of-formalizing-on-attitudes-in-august-2010-2x6ea5gy.png Table 5b: Effect of formalizing on different channels https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-effect-of-formalizing-on-firm-outcomes-35a1wx6b.png Table 5b: Effect of formalizing on different channels https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-does-treatment-status-predict-survival-or-reporting-8ruazmf5.png Table 4: Does treatment status predict survival or reporting profits in survey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-percentage-of-firms-registered-with-different-398bmj3d.png Figure 1: Percentage of Firms Registered with different Government Entities by Firm Size https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timeline-2y084xc6.png Figure 2: Timeline https://scispace.com/papers/the-demand-for-index-based-flood-insurance-in-a-high-income-15f804xeu8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variables-and-summary-statistics-xqn372lb.png Table 2: Variables and summary statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multinomial-and-mixed-logit-models-of-flood-25z50zmk.png Table 3: Multinomial and mixed logit models of flood insurance choices https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-willingness-to-pay-estimates-for-switching-from-161fcr4o.png Table 4: Willingness-to-pay estimates for switching from index-based to damage-based flood insurance under different scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-flood-risk-categories-and-premium-levels-in-the-1qyc5dgh.png Table 1: Flood risk categories and premium levels in the discrete choice experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-choice-set-1754jiac.png Figure 1: Example choice set https://scispace.com/papers/the-demonstration-of-a-robotic-external-leak-locator-on-the-22ik9rizu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-rell-attached-to-the-spdm-during-the-demonstration-3gycke10.png Figure 2: RELL attached to the SPDM during the Demonstration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flight-ready-rell-2fgu7bwt.png Figure 1: Flight-ready RELL. https://scispace.com/papers/the-deposition-of-nickel-boride-thin-films-by-borane-and-yj6teaf7qk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-using-the-calculated-thickness-of-the-film-as-2-8-33w3l45m.png Figure 5 using the calculated thickness of the film as 2.8 microns and equation (12) ; https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tube-supporting-glass-plates-1j4s8mp8.png Figure 3. Tube Supporting Glass Plates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-apparatus-for-the-preparation-of-nickel-boride-thin-2unlas49.png Figure 1. Apparatus for the Preparation of Nickel Boride Thin Films. https://scispace.com/papers/the-derivation-and-use-of-gulf-coast-estuary-watershed-1qqevdw0pc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-population-density-per-watershed-land-area-mi-2-b8wtnmk9.png Table 2. Population density per watershed land area (mi 2). Population estimates from Table 1 divided by watershed land area (NOAA 1985). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-per-capita-estuary-volume-1000m3-estuary-volume-m-3-228o04v5.png Table 3. Per capita estuary volume (1,000m3). Estuary volume (m 3) (NOAA 1985) divided by population estimates in Table 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-population-density-per-land-area-mi-2-sorted-on-qyry51ug.png Figure 4. Population density per land area (mi 2) (sorted on year 2010 in ascending order). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-per-capita-estuary-volume-1-000-m-sorted-on-year-2ncxmvao.png Figure 5. Per capita estuary volume (1 ,000 m') (sorted on year 1960 in ascending order). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overestimate-of-watershed-population-by-county-11buktej.png Figure 2. Overestimate of watershed population by county method versus watershed method (sorted ascending). The overestimates presented have been averaged for years 1960·2010 for the estuaries indicated. https://scispace.com/papers/the-design-and-implementation-of-a-wireless-video-57xcujx9ca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-vigil-drr-algorithm-operating-over-three-2n5ndn7g.png Figure 11: The Vigil-DRR algorithm operating over three camera clusters with a quantum of 1⁄2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-per-cluster-ops-queues-at-the-controller-2t7zyfgw.png Figure 10: The per-cluster ops queues at the controller measure the utility, in operations per second, of sending the respective image sequences from each cluster. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-processing-delay-of-different-vision-3s6me5as.png Table 2: Average processing delay of different vision analytic functions in Vigil using a laptop with a 2.4GHz dual-core CPU. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-and-cdf-of-a-count-of-the-number-of-3hu10rap.png Figure 1: Time series and CDF of a count of the number of faces a state-of-the-art vision algorithm detects during a busy period at an office building. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-two-vigil-use-cases-targeted-in-this-paper-3id0tl5z.png Figure 2: The two Vigil use-cases targeted in this paper. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-vigil-deployment-at-three-sites-joo2ip0n.png Figure 12: Vigil deployment at three sites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-accuracy-of-a-multi-cluster-system-as-the-wireless-3so32s8o.png Figure 16: Accuracy of a multi-cluster system as the wireless capacity varies as shown on the x-axis. We compare Vigil with time-based fairness and equal throughput allocation for ten cluster of cameras. Vigil uses two cameras per cluster to select the most relevant frames, but equal throughput and equal time approach assume one camera per cluster for fair comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-cdf-of-the-distance-l-between-two-peoples-faces-2pr3lngm.png Figure 19: CDF of the distance l between two people’s faces and the projection errors e when mapped from one camera view to another (illustrated in Figure 7(b)). https://scispace.com/papers/the-determinants-of-equity-transmission-between-the-new-and-7lholiytib 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-logged-prices-for-new-and-used-cars-2p29s4af.png Table 2: Determinants of logged prices for new and used cars https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-sl348n22.png Table 1: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-implications-of-controlling-for-the-retail-price-on-21f2j812.png Table 3: Implications of controlling for the retail price on the used car price https://scispace.com/papers/the-detection-of-steam-injection-based-on-video-surveillance-3gc0oybj8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-three-groups-of-detecting-results-with-different-2c09q601.png Figure 5. Three groups of detecting results with different experimental conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-ssim-nf-109-in-the-block-bl-nf-109-with-steam-nocz7y0r.png Figure 1. The ssim(nF,10,9) in the block BL(nF,10,9) with steam injection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-flicker-rate-of-the-area-of-steam-injection-ikew1gff.png Figure 4. The flicker rate of the area of steam injection (data1) and a moving person (data2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-flow-diagram-of-calculating-the-flicker-rate-in-2hluilbv.png Figure 3. The flow diagram of calculating the flicker rate in one block https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ssim-nf-45-in-the-block-bl-nf-45-with-a-moving-el0kkl8r.png Figure 2. The ssim(nF,4,5) in the block BL(nF,4,5) with a moving person https://scispace.com/papers/the-determination-of-antimony-and-arsenic-concentrations-in-1ks48blftv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-element-concentrations-determined-mg-kg-1-for-two-3m4lr527.png Table 5 Element concentrations determined (mg kg-1) for two fly ash samples (FA1 and 375 FA2) collected from Finland (mean of six replicate samples, with the confidence limit of 376 the mean, P = 0.05). 377 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-test-of-pre-treatment-conditions-in-the-vwv4k230.png Figure 1 Test of pre-treatment conditions in the determination of As and Sb in SRM 391 1633b or synthetic sample using a mixture of 4 ml of KI/ascorbic acid and 6 mL of HCl 392 as a pre-reduction reagents. a) Synthetic sample containing 100 µg L-1 of As and Sb, 393 9.0% of HNO3 and pre-treatment time of 60 min, b) SRM sample, digestion method 394 US-TSD, saturated boric acid 2 mL and temperature of 60°C, c) and d) SRM sample, 395 digestion method US-TSD and pre-treatment time of 60 min. In cases of b), c) and d) 396 conc. of HF (1.2%) and HNO3 (9.0%) was derived from digestion method US-TSD. 397 398 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-element-concentrations-determined-mg-kg-1-in-srm-3jwj88pt.png Table 2 Element concentrations determined (mg kg-1) in SRM 1633b using three different 354 digestion procedures (mean of six replicate samples, with the confidence limit of the mean, 355 P = 0.05). 356 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-of-pre-treatment-conditions-in-the-1c5q79zb.png Figure 2 Test of pre-treatment conditions in the determination of As and Sb in synthetic 402 samples containing 200 µg L-1 of As and Sb. a) 4 mL of KI/ascorbic acid, b) 6 mL of 403 HCl, c) 4 mL of KI/ascorbic acid and 6 mL of HCl. The pre-treatment time of 60 min 404 and temperature of 20 °C was used throughout. 405 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-influence-of-metals-on-the-determination-of-2jjscz85.png Table 3 Influence of metals on the determination of synthetic As and Sb samples (50 µg L-366 1) by HG-ICP-OES. Relative intensity (%) tolerance of As and Sb measurements with 367 interfering element for pre-treatment method A. 368 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-recoveries-of-added-as-and-sb-for-pre-reduction-39jusez0.png Table 4 Recoveries of added As and Sb for pre-reduction method B with digestion 371 methods US-TSD and MW (mean of four replicate samples, with the confidence limit of 372 the mean, P = 0.05). 373 https://scispace.com/papers/the-determination-of-hiv-1-rt-mutation-rate-its-possible-1dwpwzczdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cont-3jppl8vt.png Table 4. Cont. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-human-i-munodeficiency-virus-type-1-hiv-1-reverse-12sirf2v.png Figure 1. Human i munodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase structure complexed with DNA (pdb 1T05) [27]. The image w enerated using PyMOL [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-human-immunodeficiency-virus-type-1-hiv-1-reverse-3rpwiop5.png Figure 1. Human i munodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase structure complexed with DNA (pdb 1T05) [27]. The image w enerated using PyMOL [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mutant-frequencies-of-hiv-1-rt-measured-in-cell-29dolcyy.png Table 4. Cont. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-error-rates-of-hiv-1-rt-measured-in-cell-based-2efvg1dr.png Table 3. Error rates of HIV-1 RT measured in cell-based fidelity assays. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percentages-of-nucleotide-mutations-of-hiv-1-rt-on-3gmb511y.png Table 5. Percentages of nucleotide mutations of HIV-1 RT on the HIV-1 gene and LacZα template. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-error-rates-of-hiv-1-reverse-transcriptase-rt-3u2d6kp2.png Table 1. Error rates of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) measured in cell-free fidelity assays. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cont-37pkdbe6.png Table 1. Error rates of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) measured in cell-free fidelity assays. https://scispace.com/papers/the-diagnostics-of-astrophysical-plasmas-using-the-oxygen-19216murk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-intensity-ratio-1ig-solid-lines-a-d-the-3gsm680q.png Figure 4. The intensity ratio 1IG (solid lines) a:d the effective collision rate coefficient W (dotted lines) (in cm s ), as functions of temperature and non-thermal electron component. The heavy https://scispace.com/papers/the-diffusion-process-of-stationary-fuel-cells-in-a-two-3h2d3enp14 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-fuel-cell-process-pcuqbto4.png Figure 1: Scheme of the fuel cell process https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-installed-fuel-cells-at-the-end-of-years-1-4-8-12-3gxqfs8l.png Figure 9: Installed fuel cells at the end of years 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 subject to the parameters p and q https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-diffusion-process-of-the-three-scenarios-fntm4vxj.png Figure 6: Diffusion process of the three scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-minimum-expected-and-maximum-number-of-installed-32awseew.png Table 2: Minimum expected and maximum number of installed fuel cells https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fuel-cell-hydrogen-network-gw54fv4s.png Figure 3: fuel cell - hydrogen network https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-standard-diffusion-curve-by-variation-of-yg5ysdd9.png Figure 8: Standard diffusion curve by variation of coefficient of imitation (q) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-diffusion-characteristics-of-comparison-scr1952x.png Table 1: Overview diffusion characteristics of comparison technologies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-standard-diffusion-curve-by-variation-of-2jgn0lie.png Figure 7: Standard diffusion curve by variation of coefficient of innovation (p) https://scispace.com/papers/the-direct-and-indirect-effects-of-small-business-2k9x5clo2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5b-sdm-u-s-county-level-growth-estimations-including-kr9sw364.png Table 5B. SDM U.S. county-level growth estimations including SBA lending variables and other controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6a-sdm-robustness-checks-j4xu20x4.png Table 6A. SDM robustness checks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-u-s-county-level-growth-regressions-including-1ex80884.png Table 2. OLS U.S. county-level growth regressions including SBA lending variables and other controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6b-sdm-robustness-checks-11lr0s95.png Table 6A. SDM robustness checks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-variable-definitions-sources-and-summary-statistics-14l6n3ir.png Table 1. Variable definitions, sources and summary statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-difference-between-prime-and-sba-rates-in-relation-3tciqvy2.png Figure 2. Difference between prime and SBA rates in relation to income growth at the U.S. county-level https://scispace.com/figures/table-6c-sdm-robustness-checks-nyfsa4s1.png Table 6A. SDM robustness checks. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5a-sdm-us-county-level-growth-estimations-including-tvpyubfn.png Table 5B. SDM U.S. county-level growth estimations including SBA lending variables and other controls. https://scispace.com/papers/the-distribution-of-mean-and-fluctuating-magnetic-fields-in-1eo24w8qpr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-averages-of-the-mean-and-fluctuating-emf-strengths-1q6146f3.png Table 2. Averages of the mean and fluctuating EMF strengths over the volumes V occupied by the warm or hot phases. E = 〈|E |〉V and E ′ = 〈|E ′|〉V , with standard deviations denoted by σ and σ ′, respectively [G km s−1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-probability-density-of-specific-entropy-in-the-2img6jiy.png Figure 4. Probability density of specific entropy in the computational domain for the kinematic (solid) and non-linear (dashed) states of the dynamo. Vertical lines show the boundaries between the cold and warm ISM phases and the warm and hot phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-probability-density-functions-pdfs-of-specific-89d4y93v.png Figure 1. The probability density functions (PDFs) of specific entropy in the whole computational volume (solid) and sampled along the integral lines (dashed) of the (a) mean and (b) randommagnetic fields. Vertical lines show the boundaries between the cold, warm, and hot ISM phases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-horizontal-averages-of-mean-magnetic-field-strength-39wj13cp.png Figure 3. Horizontal averages of mean magnetic field strength |Bl | (solid lines), random magnetic field strength |bl | (dashed lines), and random velocity |ũ| (dotted lines), shown as functions of distance from the mid-plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3d-rendering-of-magnetic-field-lines-black-in-the-1oaa396i.png Figure 2. 3D rendering of magnetic field lines (black) in the simulated ISM, with the specific entropy of the gas in the background (colour, in the units of 108 erg g−1 K−1). Panels (a) and (b) show the mean-field lines and panels (c) and (d) the random field lines. Panels (a) and (c) give an isometric view, and panels (b) and (d) show a view through the (y, z) plane. Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) locally correspond to the cylindrical polar coordinates (r, φ, z) with the z-axis aligned with the angular velocity of galactic rotation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-distribution-of-mass-components-in-simulated-disc-49sghgoq7c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-baryonic-tully-fisher-relation-total-baryonic-ui28lrmr.png Figure 4. The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation: total baryonic mass Mbar (stars + cold gas) plotted against rotation velocity Vflat. Blue points are from the MagiCC suite while the red points are the galaxies from the CLUES simulation. The dashed line shows the linear fit to the simulated data, with slope=3.78. The small green points show Vmax rather than Vflat, which results in a slightly flatter relation, with slope=3.49 (see text for details). The dotted line is the observational relation using measurements in the V band given in McGaugh & Schombert 2015 with slope=3.92. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-mass-discrepancy-versus-acceleration-produced-by-1qo5stn7.png Figure 6. Mass discrepancy versus acceleration produced by stars (top panel), and by all baryons–stars + cold gas–(lower panel). The 22 galaxies are shown with colors as in Figures 1 and 2. The dashed lines are the observational D-g relations (equations 8 & 9 of McGaugh 2014). An horizontal dashed line is also shown in both panels to emphasize the asymptotic behaviour of the relation to D=1. Binned data is shown as black squares. The errors are the rms deviations from the best 3 degree polynomial fit found for the data in each bin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-simulated-galaxies-ordered-by-halo-13oswxo8.png Table 1. Properties of the simulated galaxies ordered by halo mass. MaGICC galaxies have a ”g” as prefix, while CLUES galaxies have a ”C”. Disk scale lengths h and central surface brightnesses µ0 are derived from exponential fits to the surface brightness profile in the I band. https://scispace.com/papers/the-donor-beneficiary-charity-accountability-paradox-a-tale-1oze2rt8ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-interviewees-2d1lh3xi.png Table I: Interviewees https://scispace.com/papers/the-dsm-value-bucket-tool-5db4dep2ff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-two-stage-ideation-process-starting-from-the-33u30aac.png Figure 6 The two-stage ideation process starting from the value buckets included in the perimeter of ambition (refer to Figure 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-illustration-of-the-two-stage-ideation-process-1kg2dpy4.png Figure 7 Illustration of the two-stage ideation process (scenario creativity and concept creativity) starting from the two value buckets identified for the handitennis wheelchair https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-covered-usage-scenarios-space-for-the-12lgxx5i.png Figure 4 The covered usage scenarios space for the handitennis wheelchair issue (see Figure 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-covered-causality-graph-for-the-handitennis-3w2aa9e5.png Figure 3 The covered causality graph for the handitennis wheelchair issue (see Figure 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-problem-setting-macro-stage-of-radical-3o0yxdsp.png Figure 1 The problem setting macro-stage of Radical Innovation Design® methodology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-problem-solving-macro-stage-of-radical-1p295jno.png Figure 2 The problem solving macro-stage of Radical Innovation Design® methodology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-dsm-value-bucket-data-streaming-and-computation-krotzdfc.png Figure 5 The DSM Value Bucket data streaming and computation mechanics (refer to Figure 1) https://scispace.com/papers/the-dose-volume-constraint-satisfaction-problem-for-inverse-4sxpza6x5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-number-of-iterations-for-prostate-case-p-a-1-k-x-19fzgmh1.png Figure 3. Number of iterations for prostate case P–A–1, k × 103, in terms of the DVC importance, ωdvc (fraction of the PTV importance). The number of iteration to reach the prescription with the DL-SSP for the same setup of structural importances was 21781, cf. plot DL–SSP in Figure 1. The lowest number of iterations obtained with the DVC-SSP was 969. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-iterations-k-x-103-as-a-function-of-the-2rx4yo7k.png Figure 2. Number of iterations, k × 103, as a function of the PTV importance for prostate case P–B–1 solved with the DL–SSP, DL–SSP–ER and DVC–SSP methods. The OARS’ importances were set to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-evolution-of-the-underdose-of-the-ptv-for-the-p-q2jd93g3.png Figure 6. The evolution of the underdose of the PTV for the P–B–1 case along the iterations, k × 103, solved with the DL–SSP, DL–SSP–ER and DVC–SSP methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-dvcs-for-prostate-cases-the-cases-that-used-3qnzp6ah.png Table 1. The DVCs for prostate cases. The cases that used gantry angles assigned from set A as described in § 2.1 utilized constraints marked by A, and those that used values from set B utilized constraints B. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-cumulative-dvh-for-the-ptv-of-the-p-a-1-case-1bgatcgc.png Figure 4. The cumulative DVH for the PTV of the P–A–1 case obtained with different dose(-volume) stipulations. The structural importances were set to match the most efficient performance of the DL–SSP algorithm. We could not achieve the 95% and 90% coverage of the PTV with the DL–SSP method within a reasonable time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-cumulative-dvh-for-case-hn-a-1-the-broken-lines-1t6ntqut.png Figure 5. The cumulative DVH for case HN–A–1. The broken lines show the solution obtained for the RTOG–H–0022 protocol. The solid lines show the solution with the DVCs changed from 50% to 40% of the parotid overdose. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-number-of-iterations-k-x-103-as-a-function-of-the-k4nsv6co.png Figure 1. Number of iterations, k × 103, as a function of the PTV importance for prostate case P–A–1 solved with the DL–SSP, DL–SSP–ER and DVC–SSP methods. The OARS’ importances were set to 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-dvcs-for-oropharyngeal-cases-as-given-by-the-2e08xttw.png Table 2. The DVCs for oropharyngeal cases as given by the RTOG–H–0022 protocol. The DVC for salivary glands used for computation listed in table is one the three alternate stipulations; the others are: i) mean dose to either parotid below 26 Gy or ii) at least 20 cc of the combined volume below 20 Gy. The cases had two targets at the subclinical disease level. https://scispace.com/papers/the-duration-of-foreclosures-in-the-subprime-mortgage-market-42lwb9z9b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multinomial-logit-results-30kehcpw.png Table 3. Multinomial logit results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-ltv-ltv-is-the-estimated-loan-to-2xaz0xzi.png Figure 1. Distribution of LTV. LTV is the estimated loan to value ratio at beginning of foreclosure proceedings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-fico-score-fico-is-the-fair-isaacs-y4t2u3pw.png Figure 2. Distribution of FICO score. FICO is the Fair Isaac’s consumer credit score at origination of the loan https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-probability-of-exit-and-unemployment-rates-all-1eprdfdm.png Figure 8. Probability of exit and unemployment rates. All other variables are evaluated at their means https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-probability-of-exit-and-prior-delinquency-all-other-2s4rbdh2.png Figure 9. Probability of exit and prior delinquency. All other variables are evaluated at their means https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-probability-of-exit-and-the-current-loan-to-value-cwowia7b.png Figure 6. Probability of exit and the current loan to value ratio. All other variables are evaluated at their means https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-probability-of-exit-and-the-credit-score-at-1j4qj2ys.png Figure 7. Probability of exit and the credit score at origination. All other variables are evaluated at their means https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-2kpjmw2d.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/papers/the-dynamics-of-dis-integrated-risk-management-a-comparative-450nntcnz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-alphas-risk-model-adapted-from-corporate-documents-1urz2yka.png Figure 1: Alpha’s risk model (adapted from corporate documents and simplified for readability) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alphas-risk-map-adapted-from-corporate-documents-11easnjg.png Figure 2: Alpha’s risk map (adapted from corporate documents): the size of the bubbles represents economic impact, if quantifiable https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-omegas-risk-maps-adapted-from-corporate-documents-2gyfem5k.png Figure 4: Omega’s risk maps (adapted from corporate documents) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-omegas-risk-categorisation-model-adapted-from-fhu02b40.png Figure 3: Omega’s risk categorisation model (adapted from corporate documents) https://scispace.com/papers/the-e-coli-nudl-enzyme-is-a-nudix-hydrolase-that-cleaves-coa-le67ca0nh6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kinetic-assays-of-mbp-nudl-and-sumo-nudc-with-coa-1-1lj7s33h.png Figure 3. Kinetic Assays of MBP-NudL and SUMO-NudC with CoA. 1 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coa-rna-hydrolysis-by-nudix-enzymes-1-2-3-vvkts53z.png Figure 4. CoA-RNA hydrolysis by Nudix enzymes. 1 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-kinetic-constants-of-nudix-enzymes-acting-on-coa-1-2fkoruee.png Table 1. Kinetic constants of Nudix enzymes acting on CoA. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-solubility-and-purification-of-nudl-and-nudc-1-2-3-1g4qesmz.png Figure 1. Solubility and purification of NudL and NudC. 1 2 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-analysis-of-coa-hydrolysis-1-2-3-2os3ppg9.png Figure 2. Analysis of CoA hydrolysis. 1 2 3 https://scispace.com/papers/the-economics-of-crime-and-immigration-a-panel-data-analysis-9txgnc3pu4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-inflow-of-legal-immigrants-in-the-us-source-the-2lf56o8e.png Figure 1: the diagram of crime, immigration, and unemployment nexus https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fixed-effect-estimations-for-property-crime-3ef7xjla.png Table 4:Fixed Effect Estimations for Property Crime Categories https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-effect-estimations-for-violent-crime-2sg2oeez.png Table 3: Fixed Effect Estimations for Violent Crime Categories https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-diagram-of-crime-immigration-and-unemployment-3l8wjlyf.png Figure 1: the diagram of crime, immigration, and unemployment nexus https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-change-in-the-us-immigrant-population-3qn5hwmi.png Figure 2: Change in the US immigrant population https://scispace.com/papers/the-economic-impact-of-future-increase-in-tropical-cyclones-2or0bjhohv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-track-showing-the-radius-of-the-50-knot-winds-for-a-2cwmgsab.png Fig. 3 Track showing the radius of the 50-knot winds for a recorded and modified tropical cyclone, typhoon Tokage in 2004, taking climate change into account https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-expected-number-of-hours-per-year-affected-by-30-knot-1j4f2lt0.png Fig. 6 Expected number of hours per year affected by 30-knot winds or higher due to windstorms for control scenario https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-probability-distribution-functions-of-number-of-2eoom5ks.png Table 1 Probability distribution functions of number of tropical cyclones per month https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-expected-number-of-hours-per-year-affected-by-30-knot-38y9b35x.png Fig. 5 Expected number of hours per year affected by 30-knot winds or higher due to windstorms for climate change scenario https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-insured-and-total-losses-in-2006-source-munich-re-3lc7r3yc.png Fig. 1 Insured and total losses in 2006. Source: Munich Re Group (2007) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-non-first-order-economic-loss-due-to-potential-1vooc74m.png Fig. 4 Non-first-order economic loss due to potential increase in typhoon intensity in the year 2085 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-resolved-inner-grid-convection-hurricane-intensity-2cs9fkeh.png Fig. 2 Resolved inner-grid convection hurricane intensity simulation, Knutson and Tuleya (2004) https://scispace.com/papers/the-edge-califa-survey-interferometric-observations-of-126-4y9qe868xo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-edge-survey-galaxy-properties-11g90l62.png Table 1 EDGE Survey Galaxy Properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-33-images-for-carma-edge-galaxies-see-caption-in-7aues63x.png Figure 33. Images for CARMA EDGE galaxies. See caption in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-relation-between-the-scale-length-of-the-8hcskwrs.png Figure 15. Relation between the scale length of the exponential disks of molecular gas and SFR. Poor-quality fits are indicated in gray, while the goodquality fits are color-coded, indicating highly inclined galaxies (i 85> , blue), barred galaxies (red), ring galaxies (green), or multiple galaxies (magenta), according to the information in HyperLEDA. The best fit bivariate scaling is shown by the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-28-images-for-carma-edge-galaxies-see-caption-in-15rxaze0.png Figure 28. Images for CARMA EDGE galaxies. See caption in Figure 8. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-the-ratio-of-molecular-to-stellar-mass-in-edge-2e8evxcd.png Figure 16. The ratio of molecular to stellar mass in EDGE galaxies as a function of galaxy type and mass. Left: ratio of molecular to stellar mass vs. morphological type as determined by the RC2 de Vaucouleurs morphological index provided by HyperLEDA. The upper x-axis indicates the mapping to the Hubble type. The stellar masses are obtained from optical SED modeling, and the molecular masses from integrating the EDGE interferometric CO maps. The dots correspond to the individual measurements (Arp 220 has been removed from the sample because we assume a Galactic XCO, which is not applicable to a ULIRG), and triangles indicate upper limits. A representative systematic error bar is illustrated in the upper left corner, calculated assuming 26% uncertainty in the molecular mass determination (the typical error in the sample) and 20% uncertainty in the stellar mass determination. The histogram shows the median after binning by spectral class. The median (mean) molecular-to-stellar ratio is quite constant at 4.9% (6.1%) for spirals of all types within the EDGE sample. Early-type galaxies have a much lower molecular gas fraction M M 0.6%mol * ~ . Right: ratio of molecular to stellar mass vs. stellar mass. The mean trend shows a clear decrease for M 10stellar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-between-the-distributions-of-galaxy-1mwlljtx.png Figure 6. Comparison between the distributions of galaxy parameters in CARMA EDGE and CALIFA DR3. The histograms show the distributions of galaxy stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity at the equivalent radius for both samples. EDGE is approximately representative of the larger sample, with the caveats that its range of masses is narrower, and its SFR and metallicity are biased toward the higher end of the CALIFA distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continued-2scgbhgq.png Table 3 EDGE Survey Galaxy Parameters and Scale Lengths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-comparison-of-integrated-co-fluxes-from-three-b1uc4ngk.png Figure 10. Comparison of integrated CO fluxes from three different approaches to masking the CO data cube. We show our fiducial integrated CO flux (based on the smoothed mask) on the horizontal axis and compare it with the flux derived without masking (left panel), by projecting the full spatial extent of the smoothed mask through all velocity channels (2D mask, middle panel) and limiting the integration to the dilated mask (right panel, on a logarithmic scale). Error bars reflect formal 1σ uncertainties in the total flux based on the noise in the cube, assuming the corresponding mask is correct. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-boron-and-titanium-microalloying-on-the-scale-36a5opve8v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-oxidation-layer-area-fractions-for-tests-at-1300-186jzpsh.png Table 4. Oxidation layer area fractions for tests at 1300 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-scale-layer-analysis-point-locations-of-the-3rpyswh0.png Figure 6. The scale layer analysis point locations of the samples 1511L (left; i, ii, iii and iv) and 1513L (right; a, b, c and d) for tests performed at 1300 °C. Images (i) and (a) are from the intermediate oxidation zone, images (ii) and (b) are from the intermediate oxidation zone, images (iii) and (c) are from the inner oxidation zone and images (iv) and (d) are from the boundary of the steel substrate and inner oxidation layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scale-growths-at-a-800-degc-as-90-measurement-3gdt9z20.png Figure 2. Scale growths at; a) 800 °C as 90 measurement averages, b) 1100 °C, c) 1300 °C and d) 1300 °C for the first 15 minutes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-oxidation-zones-formed-at-1100-degc-i-taken-from-3fiaweks.png Figure 5. Oxidation zones formed at 1100 °C (i), taken from the sample 1512L: (a) substrate metal, (b) inner oxidation zone, (c) differentiating oxidation zone and (d) outer oxidation zone. At 1300 °C (ii), taken from the sample 1513L: (0) substrate metal, (I) inner oxidation zone, (II) intermediate oxidation zone, (III) differentiating oxidation zone and (IV) outer oxidation zone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-the-scale-layers-thickness-between-18fffubo.png Figure 3. Comparison of the scale layers’ thickness between different samples in different temperatures with the locations of the substrate steel, oxide pocket and scale layer; a) the optical microscope image of the sample 1511L after a TG oven test at 800 °C, FESEM images of samples 1512L (b) and 1513L (d) after a TG oven test at 1100 °C , and FESEM images of samples 1510L (c) and 1513L (e) after a TG oven test at 1300 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-slab-cut-off-evolution-a-scrap-from-aisi-304-slabs-vk5q0jby.png Figure 1. Slab cut-off evolution: a) scrap from AISI 304 slabs, b) melting of the scrap and addition of boron and/ or titanium, c) cast laboratory-scale slab, d) cut from a scrap cross-section (dark), e) cut of the sample bulk piece (grey) and f) cut of the final samples (light grey). The thermogravimetric (TG) oven setup is shown in g); the arrow points to the sample in the oven, black boxes are mass flow controllers. Schematic illustration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-metallic-area-composition-depth-chart-of-the-sample-1lv0esll.png Figure 7. Metallic area composition depth chart of the sample 1513L at 1300 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-values-for-activation-energies-and-pre-exponential-lj2x5tq8.png Table 2. Values for activation energies and pre-exponential factors calculated from the Arrhenius plot. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-court-ordered-hiring-quotas-on-the-composition-1wygfa9r4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-and-standard-deviations-of-key-variables-by-160ta6jz.png Table 2. Means and Standard Deviations of Key Variables by Litigation Timing https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-direct-test-of-the-litigation-threat-effect-3kub9d6e.png Figure 6. A Direct Test of the Litigation Threat Effect Hypothesis A. Unlitigated in Full Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parametric-estimates-of-the-impact-of-litigation-on-139qe0bw.png Table 3. Parametric Estimates of the Impact of Litigation on the Representation Gap https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-event-study-estimates-of-the-impact-of-litigation-1nkkohsp.png Figure 5. Event Study Estimates of the Impact of Litigation on the Representation Gap A. Full Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-histograms-of-litigation-filing-dates-a-unweighted-1k0dscxb.png Figure 4. Histograms of Litigation Filing Dates A. Unweighted https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parametric-estimates-of-the-impact-of-litigation-on-2erz1n0o.png Table 4. Parametric Estimates of the Impact of Litigation on Police Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-event-study-estimates-of-the-impact-of-litigation-1knox1iu.png Figure 8. Event Study Estimates of the Impact of Litigation on Police Performance A. Log Crime per 100,000 Population https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-entrance-exam-score-distributions-by-race-nycpd-a-aonf625t.png Figure 9. Entrance Exam Score Distributions by Race, NYCPD A. 1979 Exam https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-cut-off-frequency-when-high-pass-filtering-2wjfnikhse 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-730-lfwewo32.png Figure 7 730 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-720-34w6iefu.png Figure 6 720 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-cycling-on-the-state-of-health-of-the-electric-39cj1357pp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-capacity-lifetime-vs-soc-for-calendar-life-tests-at-2ntkdxup.png Fig. 1. Capacity lifetime vs. SOC for calendar life tests at 25°C, 40°C and 60°C. These results consider lifetime to be at an end when useable capacity is 70% of new value [12] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-v2g-moves-the-charging-time-to-the-night-time-which-33qnr5fs.png Fig 8. V2G moves the charging time to the night time which will need to be managed if a peak power demand is to be avoided https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-if-charging-occurs-at-6pm-the-evening-arrival-time-ep1i3230.png Fig. 6. If charging occurs at 6pm; the evening arrival time, there is peak power flow on the transformer which exceeds rating significantly https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-if-charging-is-delayed-to-midnight-and-staggered-the-2ppe1bpj.png Fig 7. If charging is delayed to midnight and staggered, the rating exceedence disappears. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-this-table-shows-the-effect-of-a-weekly-fast-1udzpi5d.png TABLE III THIS TABLE SHOWS THE EFFECT OF A WEEKLY FAST CHARGE ON THE BATTERY DEGRADATION IN COMPARISON WITH UNCONTROLLED DOMESTIC CHARGING https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-derived-capacity-loss-due-to-charging-rate-f5ztq9p4.png TABLE 1: DERIVED CAPACITY LOSS DUE TO CHARGING RATE https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-degradation-factors-are-shown-for-different-1hwoies8.png TABLE II. THE DEGRADATION FACTORS ARE SHOWN FOR DIFFERENT SCENARIOS, TOGETHER WITH THE DEGRADATION AFTER 1000 CYCLES AND THE TIME IN YEARS FOR THE BATTERY TO REACH 80% OF ORIGINAL CAPACITY. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-graph-of-capacity-fade-after-500-cycles-with-current-2kx1r8vp.png Fig 5 graph of capacity fade after 500 cycles with current density (σ) [25] https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-exercise-on-vastus-medialis-oblique-muscle-20fmq9xsyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-the-intra-rater-reliability-study-3jpzn6j7.png TABLE 4. Results of the intra-rater reliability study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-between-initial-fibre-angle-and-fibre-1c3gyv0g.png FIGURE 3. Correlation between initial fibre angle and fibre angle change https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-and-3b-insertion-length-a-and-insertion-ratio-b-3owmy0sr.png TABLE 3a and 3b. Insertion length (a) and insertion ratio (b) before and after the exercise program. Mean (SD), range and P value. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fibre-angle-change-in-relation-to-compliance-22bh40df.png FIGURE 5. Fibre angle change in relation to compliance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-between-initial-insertion-length-and-2g5kibpc.png FIGURE 4. Correlation between initial insertion length and insertion length change. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-anthropometric-data-of-the-study-participants-3281zznc.png TABLE 1. Anthropometric data of the study participants https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vmo-fibre-angle-before-and-after-exercise-program-41mha322.png TABLE 2. VMO fibre angle before and after exercise program https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-correlation-between-initial-fibre-angle-and-fibre-8rlbu2g1.png FIGURE 3. Correlation between initial fibre angle and fibre angle change https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-face-threat-mitigation-on-instructor-30l23d1l5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-cronbachs-alphas-pearson-269dwhy3.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics, Cronbach’s alphas, Pearson Correlations Coefficients for all Variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-firm-cash-holdings-on-monetary-policy-4i2l4oqo7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-median-of-the-cash-sales-ratio-for-different-2jrbv60j.png Fig. 4: Median of the cash-sales ratio for different percentiles of sales. Source: Compustat; see note note 9 for details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-values-of-vyi-and-ni-for-each-percentile-i-1-50-of-1px4l012.png Table A.1: Values of vYi and Ni for each percentile i = 1, . . . , 50 of mHi for 1980 and 2010. These values were used to generate the cash-sales distributions for 1980 and 2010 in figure 7. Analogous values were calculated for the other years. The average N is a weighted average of Ni using vYi as weights. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-actual-distribution-and-parameterization-for-1980-and-1i7fgot5.png Fig. 7: Actual distribution and parameterization for 1980 and 2010 of the cash-sales ratio. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-robustness-check-months-to-return-to-the-initial-35u7wg3u.png Fig. 10: Robustness check. Months to return to the initial interest rate with different identification methods for r(t) and different cash aggregates. Different estimates for r(t) from Uhlig (2005). OLS estimate: VAR with sign restrictions obtained by OLS and random draws of possible impulse-response functions. Conventional identification: conventional VAR without sign restrictions. Pure-sign-restriction approach: VAR with sign restrictions obtained with Bayesian methods. CHE: simulations with cash and equivalents. CH: simulations with the cash portion of cash and equivalents. The results in figure (1) are repeated in the first plot with CHE. For all cases, the time to return to the initial value of the real interest rate increases substantially. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulations-with-the-model-of-section-3-for-a-given-157z1q0i.png Fig. 1: Simulations with the model of section 3 for a given nominal interest rate shock. The simulations take into account the distribution of the cash-sales ratio for each year. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-and-median-of-the-cash-sales-ratio-across-firms-3scw6mnn.png Fig. 3: Mean and median of the cash-sales ratio across firms for each year. The cash-sales ratio state how much firms maintain of their sales in cash. A cash-sales ratio of 0.1, for example, means that firms maintain 10 percent of their yearly sales, or 1.2 months of sales, in cash. Source: Compustat; see note 9 for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-response-of-the-real-interest-rate-for-selected-years-36feomux.png Fig. 9: Response of the real interest rate for selected years given the nominal interest rate shock of figure (8). Results from simulations. The distribution of cash holdings is determined with data for each year. The markers in the horizontal axis show the time for the real interest rate to return to its initial value. The values are 1.84, 2.58, 3.88, 4.78, and 5.25 months for the selected years. The values for all years are in figure (1). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-corporate-bond-yields-and-different-measures-of-firm-3u402kc9.png Fig. 2: Corporate bond yields and different measures of firm real cash holdings. denotes elasticities and p denotes p-values. Annual data 1980-2013. Data on yields and CPI from the St. Louis Fed FRED dataset. Data on cash and sales from Compustat. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-head-flexion-extension-on-acoustic-measures-of-23wjwbrbk2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-raw-scores-for-a-single-condition-high-peak-and-low-2u8zzfed.png Fig. 6. (a) Raw scores for a single condition High Peak and Low Peak and (b) the resulting SPR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-relationships-of-mean-high-peak-low-peak-spr-and-f0-23vpjcvj.png Fig. 7. Relationships of Mean High Peak, Low Peak, SPR and F0 with standard deviations across different head positions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-four-experimental-head-angles-15deg-0deg-15deg-and-1kr3yis7.png Fig. 2. The four experimental head angles, -15°, 0°, 15°, and 30°. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-subject-s5-lp-mean-across-head-positions-by-pitch-7ez9yhme.png Fig. 10. Subject S5 LP Mean across head positions, by pitch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demonstrates-this-alignment-which-richard-miller-3fm8788s.png Figure 1 demonstrates this alignment, which Richard Miller describes as a “‘noble posture’ in https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-subject-m3-mean-hp-across-head-positions-by-vowel-2elz4xdl.png Fig. 9. Subject M3 Mean HP across head positions, by vowel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-typical-profile-subject-m3s-mean-lp-hp-f0-and-spr-1ir8u2g6.png Fig. 8. A typical profile, Subject M3’s mean LP, HP, F0, and SPR scores. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-axial-alignment-reprinted-from-m-b-dayme-the-521yp909.png Figure 1 demonstrates this alignment, which Richard Miller describes as a “‘noble posture’ in https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-genetic-background-and-dose-on-non-targeted-2am1r3viga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-calcium-flux-in-murine-reporter-cells-l929-on-3brnxoe0.png Figure 2. Calcium flux in murine reporter cells (L929) on addition of irradiated cell conditioned medium. A: CBA ICCM 2h post-irradiation, B: C57 ICCM 2h post irradiation, C: CBA ICCM 24h post irradiation, D: C57 ICCM 24h post irradiation, E: CBA ICCM 7d post irradiation, F: C57 ICCM 7d post irradiation. Media from both CBA and C57 samples induced calcium flux in most instances. Controls G: CBA and H: C57 both showed no flux induction. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-investment-constraints-on-hedge-fund-investor-207wmm25ah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-closed-to-new-investment-and-discretionary-2sd1g9gi.png Table 10: Closed to New Investment and Discretionary Liquidity Restrictions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-portions-of-hedge-funds-in-the-top-quintile-fh-1xztny80.png Figure 2: Portions of Hedge Funds in the Top-Quintile FH Alpha-Sorted Portfolios After Imposing Liquidity Constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-performance-of-hypothetical-investor-portfolios-uvwpmj9y.png Table 8: The Performance of Hypothetical Investor Portfolios. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-forward-looking-and-backward-looking-size-2adskry8.png Figure 1: Forward-Looking and Backward-Looking Size–Performance Relationship. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-hedge-fund-size-performance-relationship-1xj50u5c.png Table 3: Hedge Fund Size–Performance Relationship. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-fund-of-funds-in-eurekahedge-10m89c27.png Table 2: Summary Statistics of Fund-of-Funds in EurekaHedge Database. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-liquidity-constraints-and-performance-persistence-16mvpgr5.png Table 5: Liquidity Constraints and Performance Persistence. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-marginal-effects-of-rebalancing-frequency-and-22tzvyvg.png Table 6: Marginal Effects of Rebalancing Frequency and Liquidity Constraints on Performance Persistence. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-icrf-antenna-phasing-on-metal-impurities-in-1wc9q1pzoo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3e2uxn4c.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-2wprujtf.png Fig. 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-1afctcgq.png Fig. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-b-2f87dk4r.png Fig. 4(b) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-2n28jfzz.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-long-term-migration-dynamics-on-population-2k6hwrq4h9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-difference-in-population-size-000s-in-2013-owing-to-21eume82.png Table 3. Difference in population size (000s) in 2013 owing to migration, in decades, England & Wales and Scotland, 1855-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-demographic-indicators-of-natural-growth-england-3l0yqexv.png Figure 2 Demographic indicators of natural growth, England & Wales and Scotland, 1855-2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-actual-population-and-population-without-net-q63h4d8z.png Table 2. Actual population and population without net migration from 1855; numbers and ratios, England & Wales and Scotland, 1855 and 2013, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-demographic-indicators-of-population-ageing-by-year-67h51tmf.png Figure 3 Demographic indicators of population ageing by year net migration becomes zero, England & Wales and Scotland, 1855-2013 (b) Potential support ratio (Persons aged 20-64 per person aged 65 and over) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-annual-net-migration-rate-per-1000-by-decade-e3didtdg.png Table 1. Average annual net migration rate (per 1,000) by decade, England & Wales and Scotland, 1855-2013 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-macroeconomic-news-on-beliefs-and-preferences-16k8ixlz5i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-intradaily-effect-of-the-information-content-3nhe0gsq.png Table 8: Intradaily Effect of the Information Content https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-intradaily-effect-of-good-and-bad-news-blah0wtd.png Table 9: The Intradaily Effect of Good and Bad News https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-daily-effects-of-the-announcement-1isanqgz.png Table 4: Daily Effects of the Announcement https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-intradaily-effects-of-the-announcement-2tr4kndq.png Table 5: Intradaily Effects of the Announcement https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-daily-effect-of-the-information-content-2aoj9brg.png Table 6: Daily Effect of the Information Content https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-daily-effect-of-good-and-bad-news-2a2kec9w.png Table 7: Daily Effect of Good and Bad News https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-macroeconomic-instability-on-fdi-flows-a-5cv92gkxcc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood-model-with-country-1245isq0.png Table 3: Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood model with country and time fixed effects: Regional trade agreements and bilateral investment agreements https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood-model-with-country-19ks8uyj.png Table 2: Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood model with country and time fixed effects: With business cycles https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood-model-with-country-2te49d1u.png Table 5: Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood model with country and time fixed effects: Instabilities, RTAs, and BITs and global instability https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood-model-with-country-mdvmu0kz.png Table 4: Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood model with country and time fixed effects: Source and host instabilities and types of FDI https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood-model-with-country-1snubxu3.png Table 1: Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood model with country and time fixed effects: Baseline model and baseline with controls https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood-model-with-country-1e8mvdp1.png Table 6: Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood model with country and time fixed effects: Instabilities, RTAs, and BITs and other sources of macroeconomic instabilities https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-medicaid-eligibility-expansions-on-fertility-1albi8tefo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-abortion-rates-by-data-source-1982-2bkaw8ek.png Table 4. Determinants of Abortion Rates, by Data Source, 1982-1996 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-medicaid-eligibility-thresholds-and-fraction-of-3pothf5o.png Figure 1. Medicaid Eligibility Thresholds and Fraction of Women Eligible via Expansions, 1982-1996 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-birth-rates-including-medicaid-x8j0vxxx.png Table 2. Determinants of Birth Rates, including Medicaid Expansions Eligibility Threshold, by Demographic Group, 1982- 1996 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-birth-rates-including-fraction-of-13nmhub8.png Table 3. Determinants of Birth Rates, including Fraction of Women Eligible for Medicaid because of Expansions, by Demographic Group, 1982-1996 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-public-insurance-coverage-for-childless-adults-qzouu2p8rj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-difference-in-differences-results-21z7esen.png Table 5—Summary of Difference-in-Differences Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-employment-rate-by-day-of-application-first-2a5c1nkb.png Figure 3. Employment Rate by Day of Application, First-Differenced https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-employment-rate-by-day-of-application-17azeuno.png Figure 2. Employment Rate by Day of Application https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-regression-discontinuity-results-industry-167mdwby.png Table 3—Summary of Regression Discontinuity Results, Industry Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-regression-discontinuity-results-z89ctmx9.png Table 2—Summary of Regression Discontinuity Results, Employment Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-core-plan-enrollees-21d5zgc2.png Table 1—Demographic Characteristics, Core Plan Enrollees versus Waitlisted Applicants https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-regression-discontinuity-results-by-subsample-11ljfxw9.png Table 4—Regression Discontinuity Results, by Subsample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-earnings-by-day-of-application-d4ppbqzi.png Figure 4. Earnings by Day of Application https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-palladium-and-platinum-doping-on-the-structure-2reamntr8u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-symmetry-group-binding-energy-eb-ev-atom-homo-lumo-1jfi7gbo.png Table 1. Symmetry group, binding energy Eb(eV/atom), HOMO-LUMO gap ΔE (eV), vertical ionization potential VIP (eV), vertical electron affinity VEA (eV), chemical hardness η (eV) and average bond length aGe-Ge (Å) and aPd-Ge(Å) for PdGen clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-symmetry-group-binding-energy-eb-ev-atom-homo-lumo-1k2pnkts.png Table 2. Symmetry group, binding energy Eb(eV/atom), HOMO-LUMO gap ΔE (eV), vertical ionization potential VIP (eV), vertical electron affinity VEA (eV),chemical hardness η (eV)and average bond length aGe-Ge (Å) and aPt-Ge(Å) for PtGen clusters. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-mother-s-heartbeat-sound-on-physiological-1bcgr0c21g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-characteristics-of-the-neonates-in-the-vq4d3j7w.png Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the neonates in the groups https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-process-of-study-according-to-the-consort-flow-2ck7029h.png Figure 1. The process of study according to the CONSORT flow diagram https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-presence-of-biosurfactant-on-the-nt10wpe7me 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-amount-permeated-over-six-hours-for-14q8xn2g.png Figure 2: Cumulative amount permeated over six hours for benzotriazole in buffer (■), in the 263 presence of 0.005 mg/mL surfactant (●) and 0.500 mg/mL surfactant (▲), n = 3 and ± = SD. 264 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-amount-permeated-over-six-hours-for-35ajdz0x.png Figure 1: Cumulative amount permeated over six hours for benzoic acid in buffer (■), in the 251 presence of 0.005 mg/mL surfactant (●) and 0.500 mg/mL surfactant (▲), n = 3 and ± = SD. 252 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cumulative-amount-percentage-increase-after-six-15ubhl47.png Table 3: Cumulative amount percentage increase after six hours for the five compounds that 255 displayed an increase in permeation in the presence of biosurfactant. 256 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-physical-properties-of-the-biosurfactant-extract-1t2acj7h.png Table 2: Physical properties of the biosurfactant extract used in this work. 209 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cumulative-amount-percentage-decrease-after-six-1kd0m608.png Table 4: Cumulative amount percentage decrease after six hours for the four compounds that 282 displayed a decrease in permeation in the presence of biosurfactant. 283 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cumulative-amount-permeated-over-six-hours-for-3vbsq5an.png Figure 3: Cumulative amount permeated over six hours for procaine in buffer (■), in the 276 presence of 0.005 mg/mL surfactant (●) and 0.500 mg/mL surfactant (▲), n = 3 and ± = SD. 277 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-composition-of-supelco-37-fame-standard-mix-161-2z4qyuo4.png Table 1: Composition of Supelco 37 FAME Standard Mix. 161 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-slice-orientation-on-auditory-fmri-at-the-34xzqyh91u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-direction-of-forces-responsible-for-brain-dkqfy0sw.png Figure 1. The direction of forces responsible for brain motion (smaller arrows) and brainstem motion https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-total-number-of-activated-voxels-in-the-ic-the-3usomqk3.png Table 2. The total number of activated voxels in the IC. The number of degrees of freedom is 72, t ≥ 3.21 (corresponding to p < 0.001 uncorrected for multiple comparisons). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-significance-values-of-the-kolmogorov-smirnov-2wkgxv18.png Table 3 The significance values of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the SD, Es, t-values, and N for the ipsilateral and contralateral sides pooled across ears of presentation at the inferior colliculi. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-number-of-subjects-max-10-showing-activation-at-ftg6ypkt.png Table 1. The number of subjects (max = 10) showing activation at a threshold of t ≥ 3.21 (corresponding to p < 0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-the-es-sd-of-the-2rnkb44k.png Figure 5 The mean and standard deviation of the Es, SD of the residuals, t-values, and number of https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-the-cosmic-web-on-cluster-weak-lensing-mass-4ti4rvibjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ehistograms-of-measured-within-a-mean-interior-density-1s5fl1vi.png FIG. 3.ÈHistograms of measured within a mean interior density contrast at z\ 0.5. Clusters are ordered by with the massMlens/Mtrue, d 6 \ 200, Mtrue,given for each cluster in units of 1015 Lines of sight near the box principal axes, through identiÐed large clusters, or producing mass estimates twice thatM _ . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-eline-of-sight-velocity-histograms-for-the-dve-lines-3io24hae.png FIG. 10.ÈLine-of-sight velocity histograms for the Ðve lines of sight through Cluster 6 previously examined in Fig. 4 ; numbers in the upper right-hand corner indicate the mass ratios associated with each line of sight, for the simple projected estimator. Material used in forming the histograms was taken from a viewing ““ cylinder ÏÏ of radius 3 h~1 Mpc; the space between tick marks in the plot corresponds to 1000 km s~1\ 10 h~1 Mpc, and thus a volume associated with each tick mark of 283 h~3 Mpc3. The unshaded outline shows the histogram produced by the mass in the line of sight, while the shaded subset of the histogram is produced by mass at density contrasts above 50. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-eaperture-densitometry-plot-for-one-cluster-6-showing-2tv8e6qe.png FIG. 4.ÈAperture densitometry plot for one cluster (6), showing fproÐles for Ðve lines of sight, as well as curves which mark the value of f at a given radius for a mean interior density contrast of 200 or 500. Here h deÐnes the inner radius of the aperture used for each point, with the outer radius at 800A. The lines of sight used were chosen because the simple projected estimator, applied to each line of sight, returned a value of 1.00 (solid curve), 1.25 (dotted curve), 1.50 (short-dashed curve), 1.75 (long-dashed curve), and 2.00 (dot-dashed curve). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-epdf-of-for-the-ensemble-at-z-0-5-the-pointsmlens-10jz2zfi.png FIG. 5.ÈPDF of for the ensemble at z\ 0.5. The pointsMlens/Mtruemark the PDF as derived from the ensemble, while the solid curve shows an intentionally conservative polynomial approximation to the data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-elikelihood-that-a-cluster-with-an-observed-lensing-38a5h10k.png FIG. 8.ÈLikelihood that a cluster with an observed lensing mass within of (left) or (right) has an actuald6 \ 200 Mlens \ 5 ] 1014 M_ Mlens \ 1015 M_mass within greater than or equal to M, at z\ 0.5. The observed is marked by a dashed line. Considered are six possible PDFs mapping thed6 \ 200 Mlensprobability of Ðnding a particular observed mass given an actual mass. The heavy solid line to the left in each case shows the likelihood curve for the PDF we derived in Fig. 5. The three dotted curves marked G1, G2, and G3 show the result for Gaussian PDFs in the mass ratio centered on withMlens/Mtrue \ 1,dispersions of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. The dot-dashed curve marked G3 M shows the result for a Gaussian PDF with a dispersion of 0.3, but with the mean ratio shifted to 1.3, comparable to that of the PDF in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-enumber-density-of-clusters-predicted-to-lie-above-a-2lfbpgj6.png FIG. 9.ÈNumber density of clusters predicted to lie above a given mass M. The solid line indicates the actual mass function predicted by PressSchechter, while the dashed line indicates the abundance as a function of observed Mlens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1orbvpjg.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-eslice-through-the-simulation-volume-showing-simulated-2qb7fvid.png FIG. 1.ÈSlice through the simulation volume, showing simulated Cluster 6 at z\ 0.5, at two levels of magniÐcation. Dots represent simulation particles. The slice has a comoving thickness of 76.8 h~1 Mpc. The top frame shows a window of width 102.4 h~1 Mpc comoving, centered on the cluster ; for clarity, only half of the mass in the viewing window is shown. The lower frame shows a magniÐcation of a 10.2 h~1 Mpc radius circle centered on the cluster ; here only one-eighth of the lowest mass particles are shown for clarity. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-treatment-on-survival-in-patients-with-3h4fjrk1cz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-population-characteristics-2dieei3d.png TABLE I. Population Characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-cox-proportional-hazards-analysis-of-the-effect-of-1jten052.png TABLE III. Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of the Effect of Variables on Survival Among Patients With Stage IV Laryngeal Cancer (n 5 195). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-disease-specific-survival-by-tnm-stage-10c48m8r.png Fig. 1. Disease-specific survival by TNM stage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-disease-specific-survival-by-treatment-for-patients-11cd0lqu.png Fig. 3. Disease-specific survival by treatment for patients with T4 larynx cancer. Operative treatment was associated with significantly better survival than nonoperative treatment (P < .0001). XRT¼ radiation therapy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-disease-specific-survival-by-treatment-for-patients-qukw6wgi.png Fig. 2. Disease-specific survival by treatment for patients with stage IV larynx cancer. Operative treatment was associated with significantly better survival than nonoperative treatment (P < .0001). XRT ¼ radiation therapy. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effect-of-using-inconsistent-ocean-tidal-loading-models-4klnpwrguh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-time-series-of-frame-parameters-over-a-half-year-1a0d3wiq.png Fig. 9 Time series of frame parameters over a half-year period determined from a 7-parameter transformation between solutions using OTL-CM and OTL-CE models. [TX TY TZ] are translation parameters (in mm); [RX RY RZ] represent rotation parameters (in 10−10 rad). The panel in (row 2, column 2) depicts the magnitude of the 3D translation vector (square root of (TX2 + TY2 + TZ2)). The red line is for transformation between FES04CE_POS and FES04CM_POS, the green line is for transformation of network solutions (orbits, clocks and coordinates estimated), and the blue line shows the results for network solutions (orbits fixed, satellite clocks and coordinates estimated) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-amplitude-of-the-14-day-periodic-variation-in-the-3ay91cm3.png Fig. 4 Amplitude of the ∼14-day periodic variation in the difference between solutions using OTL-CM and OTL-CE coefficients, as a function of latitude. Blue dash-dot line is a five-point moving average https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-power-spectrum-of-vertical-coordinate-differences-from-21nkti02.png Fig. 3 Power spectrum of vertical coordinate differences from the 6-year timeseries computed using OTL-CM and OTL-CE corrections, for the station TIDB. A sharp peak appears at a frequency of about 26.71 cycles per year. This represents a period of about 13.67 days https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-stacked-power-spectra-showing-the-14-day-period-2ocjijky.png Fig. 8 Stacked power spectra showing the ∼14-day period component from 1-year detrended vertical coordinate timeseries for global solutions with orbits, clocks and coordinates estimated (upper), and network solutions with clocks and coordinates estimated (bottom). FES04CM_POS (dashed line) is the same as that shown in Fig. 6 and is plotted here for comparison; it depicts the result in point positioning using JPL’s reanalysis products (pos) and the OTL-CM model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-vertical-coordinate-differences-between-solutions-3k5n43io.png Fig. 12 Vertical coordinate differences between solutions using OTLCM and OTL-CE before aligning to ITRF2005 (red line), and after transforming to ITRF2005 (blue line), for station TIDB, for 2003. Most of the solution differences represent distortions of the network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-top-vertical-coordinate-difference-between-solutions-2ghwh7y4.png Fig. 10 Top Vertical coordinate difference between solutions using OTL-CM and OTL-CE, for ambiguity-fix solutions (blue), and ambiguity-free solutions (red). Bottom Stacked power spectra showing the ∼14-day period component from 1-year detrended vertical coordinate timeseries; Solid lines are ambiguity-fixed result; dash lines are the same as FES04CE_POS and FES04CM_POS in Fig. 6, and for ambiguity-free solutions https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-histograms-of-wrms-mm-of-vertical-coordinate-3i44zl6o.png Fig. 7 Histograms of WRMS (mm) of vertical coordinate differences after application of a 7-parameter transformation between solutions with OTL modeled in two different frames. All the data are from the same year: 2006. Red bars represents the WRMS distortions for PPP solutions between FES04CE_POS and FES04CM_POS; green bars show WRMS distortions for network solutions with orbits, clocks and coordinates estimated, and blue bars for network solution with clocks and coordinates estimated https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-anode-material-type-on-the-optoelectronic-2ultbn15ik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-xrd-patterns-of-annealed-cdte-films-grown-with-a-10aglk6d.png Figure 2: XRD patterns of annealed CdTe films grown with (a) graphite anode and (b) platinum anode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-pec-cell-results-of-as-deposited-and-annealed-cdte-w1tox2db.png Table 1: PEC cell results of as-deposited and annealed CdTe layers grown using the twoelectrode system with graphite anode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-typical-sem-images-of-cdte-films-grown-using-a-3dqc68y3.png Figure 9: Typical SEM images of CdTe films grown using (a) graphite anode and (b) platinum anode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-111-xrd-peak-intensity-vs-cathodic-growth-voltage-2axs6r8m.png Figure 3: (111) XRD peak intensity vs. cathodic growth voltage for CdTe grown with (a) graphite anode and (b) platinum anode. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-square-of-absorbance-vs-photon-energy-for-annealed-3uuughvg.png Figure 7: Square of absorbance vs. photon energy for annealed CdTe films grown with (a) graphite anode and (b) platinum anode. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-defect-levels-observed-in-2owqu9rx.png Table 4: Summary of defect levels observed in electrodeposited CdTe thin films using photoluminescence study at 80 K for CdTe grown using graphite anode and platinum anode [28]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-energy-band-diagrams-showing-energy-level-lv4hfl76.png Figure 8: Energy band diagrams showing energy level transitions in the photoluminescence measurements of CdTe grown with (a) graphite anode and (b) platinum anode following postdeposition annealing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-absorbance-vs-photon-wavelength-for-as-deposited-2c66kpgo.png Figure 4: Absorbance vs. photon wavelength for as-deposited CdTe films grown with (a) graphite anode and (b) platinum anode. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-a-sick-pay-reform-on-absence-and-on-health-28k9q9miai 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-effects-on-subjective-health-indicators-full-sample-323j9bdk.png Table 11 Effects on subjective health indicators (full sample) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-switch-on-versus-switch-off-difference-in-2aqwuz6e.png Table 6 Switch-on versus switch-off difference-in-differences estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-effects-on-subjective-health-indicators-for-the-1sfkujck.png Table 15 Effects on subjective health indicators for the sample of people with positive number of days in hospital https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-switch-on-versus-switch-off-quantile-regression-2hqqqpu5.png Table 7 Switch-on versus switch-off quantile regression difference-in-differences estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-means-by-year-and-treatment-status-biux63um.png Table 1 Sample means by year and treatment status https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-effects-on-other-health-related-outcomes-1zew3h5v.png Table 10 Effects on other health-related outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-sample-means-by-year-and-treatment-status-hnkopegj.png Table 1 Sample means by year and treatment status https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentiles-of-absence-days-by-period-and-treatment-2f6lv8c0.png Table 2 Percentiles of absence days by period and treatment status https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-explosive-driven-shocks-on-the-natural-2t3mwg4t6i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-mean-degree-of-shock-demagnetization-of-the-basalt-3mc7fv60.png Figure 14 - Mean degree of shock demagnetization of the basalt on the 10-40 mT coercivity window as a function of distance to impact. This value is derived from the ratio of the NRM moment demagnetized between 10 mT and 40 mT before and after shock. https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-interrupted-enrollment-on-graduation-from-3kp1g9f65e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-continuous-variables-1ooj2rzo.png Table 2: Descriptive Statistics of Continuous Variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-differences-in-stopout-return-dropout-and-1nt5zpiv.png Figure 5: Differences in Stopout, Return, Dropout, and Graduation by High School Rank Percentile https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factors-related-to-returning-to-the-institution-by-3h4y5536.png Table 3: Factors Related to Returning to the Institution by Stopout Spell https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-racial-ethnic-simulations-of-stopout-return-and-1de4k594.png Table 7: Racial/Ethnic Simulations of Stopout, Return, and Graduation https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-competing-risks-model-of-stopout-and-graduation-for-w4y3ga0x.png Table 6: Competing Risks Model of Stopout and Graduation For Enrollment Spell 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-differences-in-stopout-return-dropout-and-3k0zstzj.png Figure 6: Differences in Stopout, Return, Dropout, and Graduation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-enrollment-flowchart-if6w1gjl.png Figure 1 Enrollment Flowchart https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-college-entrance-exam-simulations-of-stopout-return-3os4gs3d.png Table 10: College Entrance Exam Simulations of Stopout, Return, and Graduation https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-job-site-sanitation-and-living-conditions-on-4we3uggvym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2i50gsaw.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-tobit-equation-of-daily-earnings-cents-of-tulare-q7ag024c.png Table 4 Tobit Equation of Daily Earnings (cents) of Tulare County Agricultural Workers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-i6j0pqoc.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-lead-sources-on-oral-bioaccessibility-in-soil-1bh02qfyg1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ph-tolerances-for-stabilised-ubm-digestive-fluids-13dgp13v.png Table 1 pH tolerances for stabilised UBM digestive fluids 796 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-study-area-and-sample-set-a-soil-pb-1h4i3a04.png Table 2 Summary of study area and sample set ‘A’ soil Pb concentrations compared against historic 799  and provisional generic UK soil assessment criteria and study area typical threshold values (TTVs); 800  all values in mg kg-1 801 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pb-geostatistical-summary-showing-98-of-total-7zmqxpeq.png Table 3 Pb geostatistical summary showing 98% of total variance in Pb extractable soil distributions 813  is accounted for by a short-range function as modelled in Fig. 2 while total concentrations show Pb 814  concentrations are controlled by a longer range function suggestive of geogenic processes 815 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-gastric-g-and-gastro-intestinal-gi-pb-3h0s5b1o.png Table 4 Summary of gastric (G) and gastro-intestinal (GI) Pb bioaccessible concentrations (mg kg-1) 818  and bioaccessible fractions (BAF, %) in study area (n = 163) 819 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-pb-g-bioaccessible-concentrations-mg-33zbgvxb.png Table 5 Comparison of Pb G bioaccessible concentrations (mg kg-1) and BAF (%) against identified 822  Pb concentrations in ‘A’ soils overlying five Pb source domains in study area 823 https://scispace.com/papers/the-elusive-nitro-functionalised-member-of-the-irmof-9-5fs4xu20w7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-a-view-parallel-to-the-crystallographic-a-axis-with-1h9091rz.png Fig. 2. (a) A view parallel to the crystallographic a-axis with zinc atoms shown in space-111 filling form to identify the positions of the dodecazinc SBUs in WUF-23. 112 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-adsorption-legs-of-the-co2-isotherms-of-wuf-22-14-at-2pehadow.png Fig. 6. (a) Adsorption legs of the CO2 isotherms of WUF-22(14) at 273 K (circles), 288 K 230 (triangles) and 298 K (squares), and (b) a plot of the Qst profile for WUF-22(14). 231 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pxrd-patterns-of-the-mof-samples-from-the-doping-3b6u7i3f.png Fig. 3. PXRD patterns of the MOF samples from the doping experiments at (a) 6mol% (b) 128 9mol% and (c) 12mol% of H2bpdc and (d) the calculated pattern of IRMOF-9. 129 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-n2-isotherm-at-77-k-with-adsorption-points-as-qxrurf6n.png Fig. 5. (a) The N2 isotherm at 77 K with adsorption points as filled diamonds and desorption 194 points as open diamonds, and (b) the pore size distribution from DFT analysis of WUF-195 22(14). 196 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-view-slightly-offset-from-the-crystallographic-c-furaju60.png Fig. 4. A view slightly offset from the crystallographic c-axis of WUF-22 with the 153 interpenetrating framework shown in orange and nitro groups of both frameworks displayed 154 in space-filling form to accentuate their positioning along the pore wall. 155 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-yields-and-formulations-of-the-irmofs-formed-from-3qy40swk.png Table 1. Yields and formulations of the IRMOFs formed from different doping levels. 174 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-a-view-of-the-pentazinc-sbu-of-wuf-21-with-selective-1siw2nm8.png Fig. 1. (a) A view of the pentazinc SBU of WUF-21, with selective atom labelling, based on 77 Zn2, Zn3 and Zn6 showing the coordination geometries about the metal atoms and hydrogen 78 bond to O60. Atoms superscripted with i and ii are generated through the symmetry 79 transformations -2-X, +Y, ½-Z and ½+X, -½+Y, 1+Z, respectively. (b) A view accentuating 80 the tetrahedral shape of a SBU with foreground ligands coloured in green set ahead of ligands 81 in space-filling form, and (c) a view parallel to the c-axis of the interpenetrating frameworks, 82 displayed in green and gold, of WUF-21. Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity in 1b 83 and 1c. 84 https://scispace.com/papers/the-effects-of-welfare-reform-on-the-academic-performance-of-49kebpc1b7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-national-welfare-reform-and-4th-grade-math-scores-35owkvwg.png Table 1: National Welfare Reform and 4th Grade Math Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-welfare-sanction-rules-and-4th-grade-math-scores-n3d8n52g.png Table 5: Welfare Sanction Rules and 4th Grade Math Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-welfare-reform-timing-and-4th-grade-math-scores-aqon7dr4.png Table 4: Welfare Reform Timing and 4th Grade Math Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-heterogeneous-treatment-effects-by-sex-and-race-1kdcesi5.png Table 3: Heterogeneous Treatment Effects by Sex and Race https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-4th-grade-math-score-deviations-from-1996-values-by-16pvnoxh.png Figure 2: 4th Grade Math Score Deviations from 1996 Values by Race https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-heterogeneous-treatment-effects-by-position-on-the-28wieec1.png Table 2: Heterogeneous Treatment Effects by Position on the Test Score Distribution, Matched by Mean 1996 Scores https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4th-grade-math-score-gains-relative-to-1996-values-2esh4ife.png Figure 1: 4th Grade Math Score Gains Relative to 1996 Values by Eligibility for Free and Reduced-Price Lunches https://scispace.com/papers/the-emergence-of-new-kinds-of-professional-work-within-the-ryady4j8sx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-paradoxes-of-the-hybrid-clinician-manager-role-14ehgn73.png Table 2: Paradoxes of the Hybrid Clinician Manager Role. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continuation-of-the-information-management-work-ryspfa6d.png Table 3: Continuation of the Information Management Work Functions to Information and Translational and Utilisation in Care Management and Clinical/Quality of Life Management https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-professions-representing-total-registered-health-svb44pb6.png Table 1: Professions Representing Total Registered Health Practitioners in Australia 2013 Source: Information from National Health Workforce Data Set 2013 https://scispace.com/papers/the-endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase-nitric-oxide-system-is-4v4ijc2phz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representative-images-of-endothelial-nitric-oxide-1ytmomf7.png Figure 3. Representative images of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein localization in primordial and primary follicles (panel a), in an early antral follicle (panel b), in a medium antral follicle wall (panel c), in a cumulus-oocyte complex (panel d), and in a blood vessel (panels e and f). Arrowheads identify the staining in the mural and cumulus cells (panels c and d); arrows indicate the staining in blood vessels (panels a to f). Colocalization of eNOS (panel e) and Lectin BS −1 binding (panel f) in a blood vessel is clearly visible (arrows). Size of bars = 50 µm. Color version available in the online PDF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-representative-images-showing-lectin-bs-1-binding-7t46pir9.png Figure 1. Representative images showing Lectin BS-1 binding in a preantral follicle (panel a) and in a medium antral follicle (panel b) of a bovine ovary. Note the staining of endothelial cells of blood vessels in the theca layer (arrows). Size of bars = 50 µm. Color version available in the online PDF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-quantitative-analysis-of-vascularity-in-the-theca-1izssp8l.png Figure 2. Quantitative analysis of vascularity in the theca layer of follicles of Hi ovaries (with >10 medium antral follicles) and Lo ovaries (with <10 medium antral follicles). Bar charts represent the percentage of area that exhibited positive staining for Lectin BS-1 binding, as vascularity index. Values are expressed as mean ± SE obtained from 3 follicles from each of 5 animals with Hi ovaries and from 3 follicles from each of 5 animals with Lo ovaries. *P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-100-um-s-nitroso-acetyl-penicillamine-snap-3hug3qzg.png Table 1. Effect of 100 µM S-nitroso acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) addition during oocyte in vitro maturation on embryo development1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-quantitative-analysis-of-endothelial-nitric-oxide-3fpu1n6a.png Figure 4. Quantitative analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the theca layer and granulosa cells of follicles of Hi ovaries (with >10 medium antral follicles) and Lo ovaries (with <10 medium antral follicles). Bar charts represent the percentage of area that exhibited positive eNOS staining. Values are expressed as mean ± SE obtained from 3 follicles from each of 6 animals with Hi ovaries and from each of 7 animals with Lo ovaries. *P < 0.05. https://scispace.com/papers/the-enigmatic-kinorhynch-cateria-styx-gerlach-1956-a-sticky-7dq6uslybh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-light-micrographs-showing-overviews-and-details-in-39ibwvcj.png Fig. 2. Light micrographs showing overviews and details in head morphology of Cateria styx, (A) female, NHMD-267152; (B, D-F) female, NHMD-267151, (C) male, NHMD-267157. A. Lateral overview. B. Ventral overview. C. Everted pharynx showing pharyngeal crown. D. Outer oral styles retracted into trunk. E. Detail showing primary spinoscalids without internal septa. F. Trichoscalids and segment 1, dorsal view. Abbreviations: do, dorsal organ; oos, outer oral styles; pc, pharyngeal crown; psp, primary spinoscalid; s3, segment 3; spr, spinose processes; tr(l/s), trichoscalid (long/short). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-scanning-electron-micrographs-showing-different-stages-prkzne44.png Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrographs showing different stages of the eversion of the dorsal organ, located middorsally between segments 5 and 6, from completely retracted (A) to completely extended (F). All the images are oriented with anterior to the left. A. Dorsal organ retracted underneath the cuticle and therefore not visible. B. Segments are starting to separate and the basal part of the dorsal organ becomes visible in the intersegmentary area (asterisk). C. The dorsal part of segment 6 it is beginning to protrude. D. Segment 6 begins to swell and the basal part of the dorsal organ shows up in between the segments. E. Extended dorsal organ, lateral view. F. Extended dorsal organ, dorsal view. G. Detail of the anterior cuticular folds on the dorsal organ. H. Details of the cuticular folds of the posterior part of the dorsal organ. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scanning-electron-micrographs-showing-overviews-and-362196iu.png Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details in head morphology of Cateria styx. A. Head with introvert everted, but mouth cone retracted, dorsolateral view. B. Spinose processes anterior to primary spinoscalids. C. Introvert sectors 1 to 3. D. Introvert sectors 3 and 4. E. Primary spinoscalids. F. Primary spinoscalids and Ring 02 spinoscalids. G. Detail showing sculpturing of Ring 03 and 04 spinoscalids. H. Trichoscalids. Abbreviations: hp, hairy patch; psp, primary spinoscalid; sp, spinoscalid followed by introvert ring number; spr, spinose processes; tr(l/s), trichoscalid (long/short). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-scanning-electron-micrographs-showing-morphology-of-1xvuy8bb.png Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs showing morphology of female Cateria styx segment by segment: left column, ventral view; middle column, left lateral view; right column, dorsal view. A. Segments 1 to 2. B. Segments 1 to 4. C. Segments 1 to 4. D. Segments 3 to 4. Abbreviations: bpz, broad palisade-like ornamentation zone; dsz, dragon scale-like ornamentation zone; fz, fringed ornamentation zone; ldgco, laterodorsal glandular cell outlet; ldms; laterodorsal muscle attachment site; ldss1, laterodorsal sensory spot type 1; mdss1, middorsal sensory spot type 1; mlms; midlateral muscle attachment site; npz, narrow palisade-like ornamentation; pdms; paradorsal muscle attachment site; pds, paradorsal spine; pdss1/5, paradorsal sensory spot type 1/5; sdgco, subdorsal glandular cell outlet; slgco, sublateral glandular cell outlet; slss5, sublateral sensory spot type 5; vmms; ventromedial muscle attachment site; vmss1, ventromedial sensory spot type 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-nature-and-location-of-tubes-spines-1ar9mxoz.png Table 1 Summary of nature and location of tubes, spines, glandular cell outlets and sensory spots arranged by series in Cateria styx. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-number-of-spinoscalids-excluding-primary-1t0rzb7h.png Table 2 Number of spinoscalids (excluding primary spinoscalids) in various kinorhynch species. Spinoscalid numbers for Zelinkaderes include number of developed spinoscalids and in parentheses number of developed þ putatively reduced spinoscalids. Data is included for species where at least the lateral half of the introvert has been described (assuming that the complete introvert display bilateral symmetry), but data is excluded for species where number of spinoscalids in the most posterior rings was uncertain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-scanning-electron-micrographs-showing-morphology-of-1o9y77sz.png Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs showing morphology of female Cateria styx segment by segment: left column, ventral view; middle column, left lateral view; right column, dorsal view. A. Segments 9 to 11. BeC. Segment 9. DeE. Segment 10. FeG. Segment 11. Abbreviations: go, gonopore; ldms; laterodorsal muscle attachment site; ldss1, laterodorsal sensory spot type 1; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; mlms; midlateral muscle attachment site; mls; midlateral spine; mts, midterminal spine; pds, paradorsal spine; pdss1, paradorsal sensory spot type 1; sdgco, subdorsal glandular cell outlet; sdms; subdorsal muscle attachment site; slgco, sublateral glandular cell outlet; vlms; ventrolateral muscle attachment site; vmgco, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmms; ventromedial muscle attachment site; vmss1, ventromedial sensory spot type 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diagram-of-mouth-cone-grey-area-introvert-and-placids-1prxfw0o.png Fig. 4. Diagram of mouth cone (grey area), introvert and placids in Cateria styx, showing distribution of outer oral styles, spinoscalids and trichoscalids. The table below shows the scalid arrangement by sector (S1 to S10), and summarized scalid numbers by rings and sectors. Question marks indicate that the occurrences of eventual inner oral styles are uncertain. https://scispace.com/papers/the-environmental-impact-of-phenolic-foam-insulation-boards-4akrfjgwt6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-molar-masses-of-isopropyl-chloride-and-associated-364dtpkn.png Table 4. Molar masses of isopropyl chloride and associated components https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-payback-period-for-initial-environmental-impacts-of-1rw2ohgw.png Table 6. Payback period for initial environmental impacts of phenolic foam insulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-environmental-impact-breakdown-of-isopropyl-3dnqpci9.png Figure 5. Environmental impact breakdown of isopropyl chloride, showing which compound makes the largest contribution in each category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-environmental-impact-comparison-of-blowing-agent-3sbxrv0u.png Figure 6. Environmental impact comparison of blowing agent alternatives https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-environmental-impact-comparison-between-impacts-of-23p8dad9.png Figure 8. Environmental impact comparison between impacts of phenolic foam and the environmental impact saving from reduced gas usage in 1 year post-retrofit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-breakdown-of-environmental-impacts-for-phenolic-1n3ejea2.png Figure 7. Breakdown of environmental impacts for phenolic foam components, indicating which contributes the greatest impact in each category https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-environmental-impact-breakdown-of-toluene-sulfonic-2y2zkgq6.png Figure 2. Environmental impact breakdown of toluene sulfonic acid, indicating which compound contributes the greatest impact in each category https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-environmental-impact-of-1-kg-of-phenolic-foam-q23tdxmo.png Table 5. Environmental Impact of 1 kg of phenolic foam (density 5 40?5 kg/m3) compared to the equivalent kg of bricks (density 5 2000 kg/m3) https://scispace.com/papers/the-enskog-theory-for-transport-coefficients-of-simple-1xaczatrku 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ze-t-ze-0-for-t-51-5-wheret-5t-ams2-e-a-for-r-50-1-b-2f51zxhd.png FIG. 1. zE(t)/zE(0) for T* 51.5, wheret* 5t/Ams2/e. ~a! for r* 50.1, ~b! for r* 50.45, ~c! for r* 50.85. The open circles are the molecul dynamics simulation results given by Yamguchiet al. ~Ref. 21!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-ofde-db-at-t-56-0-for-our-theory-and-2nciz136.png FIG. 3. Comparison ofDE /DB at T* 56.0 for our theory and simulation with Pathaket al.’s theory and Heyes’ simulation. The solid line is from th present theory and the closed circles are from our molecular dynamics s lation. The dashed line is Pathak’s theory~Ref. 10! and the open triangles are Heyes’ molecular dynamics simulation~Ref. 28!. https://scispace.com/papers/the-environmental-impact-of-remittance-inflows-in-developing-16dfhtj8b2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mm-qr-estimates-for-lic-stt1pn9n.png Table 5: MM-QR estimates for (LIC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mm-qr-estimates-for-umic-yvykwj5s.png Table 7: MM-QR estimates for (UMIC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-countries-classification-2202kvke.png Table 1: Countries classification https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mm-qr-estimates-for-lmic-21cmbjt5.png Table 6: MM-QR estimates for (LMIC) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-matrix-variance-inflation-factor-20s5as2r.png Table 4: Correlation matrix - Variance inflation factor https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variables-definition-5bd6tt9i.png Table 2 : Variables definition https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-for-total-sample-1aku8e1c.png Table 3: Descriptive statistics for total sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-environmental-issue-a-challenge-for-new-generation-gxcesnn4fr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dart-impact-vs-modulus-for-metallocene-lldpe-3r105qvq.png Fig. 4 Dart impact vs. modulus for metallocene LLDPE (continuous line) and traditional LLDPE (dotted line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-properties-of-pe-from-new-technologies-external-star-qymx3zyi.png Fig. 3 Properties of PE from new technologies (external star) with respect to traditional products (internal star). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-increase-of-productivity-of-zn-catalysts-in-the-29slxcnb.png Fig. 5 Increase of productivity of ZN catalysts in the polymerization of propylene. White areas represent variability. Top numbers over the bars https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-performance-field-of-new-technology-polyolefins-gray-y17htz2e.png Fig. 6 Performance field of new technology polyolefins (gray area) with respect to other materials (white areas). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energy-savings-of-several-recycling-options-in-15srr8g3.png Table 1 Energy savings of several recycling options in comparison to landfill. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-1j8fmbnb.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-of-30-glass-fiber-thermoplastic-1gjkw59l.png Table 2 Properties of 30% glass fiber thermoplastic composites. https://scispace.com/papers/the-euro-and-its-impact-on-the-number-size-performance-and-29rvcxeqrp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-economic-linkages-between-regions-a-economic-linkages-84fsr8yr.png Fig. 3. Economic linkages between regions: (a) economic linkages between regions, 1990; and (b) economic linkages between regions, 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-target-spread-and-density-1990-and-b-target-spread-10of4s7g.png Fig. 2. (a) Target spread and density, 1990; and (b) target spread and density, 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-results-of-ordinary-least-squares-ols-analysis-3azq08wg.png Table 4. Results of ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis: impact of the euro on deal performance https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-euro-and-its-performance-13qfk0wa.png Fig. 4. The euro and its performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-of-ordinary-least-squares-ols-analysis-n3cu1um5.png Table 3. Results of ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis: impact of the euro on the deal values https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-of-ordinary-least-squares-ols-analysis-hpol0r4f.png Table 2. Results of ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis: impact of the euro on the spread of deals https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-ordinary-least-squares-ols-analysis-jwrgxa1t.png Table 1. Results of ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis: impact of the euro on the number of deals https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-distance-between-the-target-and-acquirer-1990-3tiwj1fk.png Fig. 1. Average distance between the target and acquirer, 1990–2012 https://scispace.com/papers/the-euro-and-european-financial-markets-3dpe291z1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-currency-and-home-country-relationship-in-the-2khqjgsv.png Table 13 Currency and home-country relationship in the choice of syndicated loan arranger, 1996 Percentage market share won by arrangers of indicated nationality https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-transactions-in-interest-rate-swaps-and-swaptions-in-1hbvjozc.png Table 6 Transactions in interest rate swaps and swaptions in dollars, yen and euros https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-currency-composition-of-developing-country-debt-1aqoonnf.png Table 12 Currency composition of developing country debt https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-derivative-transactions-in-private-money-market-3lty8qyj.png Table 5 Derivative transactions in private money market instruments in dollars, yen and euros https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-effect-of-emu-on-central-government-debt-ratings-1dyflok8.png Table 10 Effect of EMU on central government debt ratings https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-international-security-issues-by-issue-size-and-1b8x5w5p.png Table 11 International security issues by issue size and currency https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-emu-membership-poll-results-and-sovereign-credit-3up4g8ft.png Table 8 EMU membership poll results and sovereign credit ratings https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-derivative-transactions-in-long-term-government-3myb7dzy.png Table 9 Derivative transactions in long-term government securities in dollars, yen and euros https://scispace.com/papers/the-european-blood-and-marrow-transplantation-textbook-for-xsy9eqhtkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1-examples-of-myeloablative-non-myeloablative-and-dy4m6bea.png Table 6.1 Examples of myeloablative, non-myeloablative and reduced intensity regimens https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-1-a-comparison-between-mobilization-methods-34k3bl9n.png Table 5.1 A comparison between mobilization methods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-1-risk-factors-for-graft-failure-include-eir7j9h2.png Fig. 13.1 Risk factors for graft failure include https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-1-oral-complications-of-hsct-include-izrc6phh.png Table 9.1 Oral complications of HSCT include https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-3-bia-resistance-photo-credit-http-www-nzr580ms.png Fig. 10.3 BIA resistance (Photo credit http://www.nutritionalassessment.azm.nl/algoritme+na/onderzoek/ lichaamssamenstelling/bia.htm) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-3-examples-of-non-compliant-quality-management-5tni718w.png Table 1.3 Examples of “non compliant” quality management standards for clinical and apheresis facilties (FACTJACIE Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Accreditation Standards: 6th edition) https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-3-recommended-screening-and-prevention-majhail-et-wd0v66rd.png Table 14.3 Recommended screening and prevention (Majhail et al. 2012) printed with permission from Elsevier Inc https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-4-everyone-experiences-pain-differently-you-might-ogqt9n0q.png Fig. 14.4 Everyone experiences pain differently – you might find it has an impact on your body, on your sense of well-being and how you feel about yourself, and on your relationships with others and the world around you (Managing Advanced Cancer Pain Together – An expert guidance. MACPT (2016). http://www.macpt.eu [Accessed 13 Nov 2016]) https://scispace.com/papers/the-european-common-space-extending-the-use-of-anchoring-4qglkkebp6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-first-common-space-dimension-ees-and-cmp-party-aedybmvi.png FIGURE 5 First Common-Space Dimension, EES, and CMP Party Placements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-dimensional-left-right-economic-solution-with-904498ez.png FIGURE 1 Two-Dimensional Left/Right Economic Solution, with Party Labels (Left 5 Circles, Moderate 5 Squares, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-first-common-space-dimension-and-mean-expert-305i466a.png FIGURE 4 First Common-Space Dimension and Mean-Expert Placements, by Country https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-bootstrapped-standard-errors-for-first-and-second-3cxr7whn.png FIGURE 2 Bootstrapped Standard Errors for First and Second Common-Space Dimension https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-european-parties-in-a-common-ideological-space-1cwjq60a.png FIGURE 3 European Parties in a Common Ideological Space https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-educational-inequalities-in-spain-dynamic-2lizsjqf15 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-of-students-performance-in-reading-1yokvouw.png Table 2. Estimation of students’ performance in reading competencies using the cross-sectional and 558 pseudo-panel data models, at age 15 559 560 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimates-of-students-performance-in-reading-p7mr2xix.png Table 1. Estimates of students’ performance in reading competencies using the cross-sectional model, at 550 age 9/10 551 https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-rhythm-cognition-timing-in-music-and-speech-2gttvbfcvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-papers-in-this-issue-categorized-along-26lr8564.png TABLE 1 | Papers in this issue categorized along methodological and conceptual dimensions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-evolution-of-plant-functional-variation-traits-spectra-1753e9n900 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2poifi5x.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mean-soil-moisture-of-florida-oak-species-habitats-in-1y8xsrhx.png Fig. 8 Mean soil moisture of Florida oak species’ habitats in relation to (a) whole-shoot leaf area, (b) Huber value (ratio of sapwood area to supported leaf area), (c) maximum hydraulic conductance per unit sapwood area, and (d) whole-shoot transpiration rate per unit sapwood area. Symbols represent three oak lineages (red oaks, gray triangles; white oaks s.s., white circles; and live oaks, black squares). a, b, d, e, Adapted from Cavender-Bares and Holbrook (2001). e, f, Standardized independent contrasts for Max. Ks (e) and whole-shoot transpiration (f) in relation to soil moisture of species’ habitats; contrasts are standardized by branch length distances following methods of Ackerly and Reich (1999). Symbols represent contrasts within or across the three lineages, as indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1tutrjhb.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-b-survival-at-low-light-versus-leaf-respiration-from-h9pzyl4r.png Fig. 5 a, b, Survival at low light versus leaf respiration (from three experiments, Walters and Reich 1996, 2000a, 2000b and Kaelke et al. 2001) for seedlings of six woody broadleaved species in temperate North America. a, First-year survival in a greenhouse experiment of four species at both 2.8% and 7.3% of full light in relation to average respiration rates at these light levels (Walters and Reich 2000a, 2000b). b, First-year survival and respiration in a field experiment in forest understory at 3%–5% of full light (Kaelke et al. 2001) and 2-yr survivorship at 2% light in an outdoor shade-house experiment (Walters and Reich 1996) in relation to respiration rates measured in complementary experiments (Reich et al. 1998; Lusk and Reich 2000). c, d, Leaf dark respiration in relation to the median and the lowest light levels in which species were found in a native forest understory (from Lusk and Reich 2000) for seven such species (including four from the upper panels). e, Percentage light transmission by stands of forest trees differing in shade tolerance (data from Canham and Burbank 1994 and J. Oleksyn and P. Reich, unpublished data) for a total of 23 species of temperate trees in North America and Europe. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-distribution-of-leaf-n-among-functional-24zs1nrp.png Fig. 4 Frequency distribution of % leaf N among functional groups for plants grouped in evergreen conifer trees and five angiosperm groups: broad-leaved trees, shrubs, woody climbers, herbs, and grasses and sedges. From a literature compendium (J. Oleksyn and P. Reich, unpublished data). https://scispace.com/papers/the-excavation-of-barrow-iii-irton-moor-north-yorkshire-3cm6epidxr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-irton-moor-barrow-3-3kkseahh.png Fig 1: Location of Irton Moor Barrow 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-irton-moor-barrow-iii-plan-of-cairn-17kbzjcp.png Fig 4: Irton Moor Barrow III – plan of cairn https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-section-through-irton-moor-barrow-iii-2gxtg3kf.png Fig 5: Section through Irton Moor Barrow III https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-cup-marked-stone-from-irton-moor-barrow-iii-note-10szw0r7.png Fig 10: The cup marked stone from Irton Moor barrow III (note left hand view is cropped on the surviving photograph) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-irton-moor-barrow-iii-kerbs-and-inner-stone-setting-dghu6f9y.png Fig 6: Irton Moor Barrow III - kerbs and inner stone setting https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-irton-moor-barrow-iii-upper-with-cairn-in-situ-lower-2xueocl2.png Fig 2: Irton Moor Barrow III – Upper with cairn in situ, Lower with cairn material removed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-flint-artefacts-from-irton-moor-36wqqjks.png Fig 9: Flint artefacts from Irton Moor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-pottery-from-irton-moor-barrow-iii-1t6m2lyc.png Fig 8: Pottery from Irton Moor Barrow III https://scispace.com/papers/the-factor-structure-of-visual-imagery-and-spatial-abilities-290mpugejv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-continuum-of-self-report-imagery-and-objective-26zmbjcf.png Figure 6. A continuum of self-report imagery and objective spatial tasks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-two-dimensional-cab-s-shape-and-a-three-3k6pqnty.png Figure 3. A two-dimensional CAB-S shape and a three-dimensional Vandenberg https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-fit-statistics-were-deemed-adequate-meeting-at-1t7tnp8m.png Figure 5, the fit statistics were deemed adequate, meeting at least the minimum requirements (Brookings, 1990; Browne & Cudeck, 1993; Byrne, 1989). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-example-item-from-the-emergent-forms-task-2mbb6g1z.png Figure 1. An example item from the Emergent Forms task. Participants were https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-example-item-from-the-transformation-task-10s2lyri.png Figure 2. An example item from the Transformation task. Participants were required https://scispace.com/papers/the-fate-of-non-trivial-entanglement-under-gravitational-5glgod6j3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-carter-penrose-diagrams-for-gravitational-collapse-2dkpwkss.png Figure 1. Carter-Penrose diagrams for gravitational collapse: Stellar collapse (solid line) and ingoing radiation shockwave (dashed line) giving rise to Vaidya spacetime. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-negativity-of-ra-out-solid-blue-line-and-ra-hor-red-jo5qu9xb.png Figure 2. Negativity of ρA−out (solid blue line) and ρA−hor (red dashed line) as a function of the product of mass of the black hole and probed frequency for various choices of the past modes (15). Note that no entanglement survives the singular black hole limit (m→ 0) where the Hawking temperature is divergent. https://scispace.com/papers/the-federal-radionavigation-plan-1rgohm74sk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-10-other-land-user-requirements-34s1fmh2.png Table 4-10 Other Land User Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-6-ndgps-signal-coverage-2uvod56z.png Figure A-6 NDGPS Signal Coverage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-ndgps-sites-394srroj.png Figure A-4 NDGPS Sites https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-7-highway-user-requirements-1mae6sth.png Table 4-7 Highway User Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-civil-gps-signals-and-the-spectrum-environment-1-tq3b56j0.png Figure 1-1 Civil GPS Signals and the Spectrum Environment ................................. 1-16  Figure 2-1 DoD PNT Management Structure ............................................................... 2-3  Figure 2-2 DOT Navigation Management Structure ................................................... 2-6  Figure 2-3 DHS PNT Management Structure ............................................................ 2-10  Figure 2-4 National Space-Based PNT Management Structure ............................... 2-13  Figure A-1 GPS Architecture ........................................................................................ A-5  Figure A-2 WAAS Architecture .................................................................................. A-10  Figure A-3 GBAS Architecture ................................................................................... A-13  Figure A-4 NDGPS Sites .............................................................................................. A-16  Figure A-5 NDGPS Architecture ................................................................................ A-17  Figure A-6 NDGPS Signal Coverage .......................................................................... A-19  Figure B-1 NIS Information Flow ................................................................................. B-2  Figure B-2 NGA Maritime Warnings NAVAREA (IV & XII) .................................. B-6  Figure B-3 IHO/IMO World-Wide Navigational Warning Service, NAVAREA Broadcast Service ........................................................................................................... B-7  Figure B-4 Partners in the CORS System .................................................................... B-9  Figure B-5 Map of the CORS System ......................................................................... B-10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-b-1-nis-services-ogeqpwqf.png Table B-1 NIS Services https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-dot-navigation-management-structure-2gaucbbd.png Figure 2-2 DOT Navigation Management Structure https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-9-radiobeacon-system-characteristics-signal-in-space-2rp15laa.png Table A-9 Radiobeacon System Characteristics (Signal-in-Space) https://scispace.com/papers/the-few-leading-the-many-foreign-affiliates-and-business-3osdf1jmwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-foreign-affiliates-and-business-cycle-correlations-1uedd5i6.png Table 7—: Foreign Affiliates and Business Cycle Correlations (HP-filtered GDP) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-foreign-affiliates-and-business-cycle-correlations-rvqkn40i.png Table 3—: Foreign Affiliates and Business Cycle Correlations (Yearly Estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-foreign-affiliates-and-business-cycle-correlations-2eazdbzr.png Table 4—: Foreign Affiliates and Business Cycle Correlations (Yearly Estimates) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-foreign-affiliates-and-bcc-value-added-instead-of-2zs6y2t6.png Table 6—: Foreign Affiliates and BCC: Value Added instead of Employment Intensity https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-random-assignment-of-affiliate-composition-across-egbclnq1.png Table 8—: Random assignment of affiliate composition across regions https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influence-of-historical-ties-2knwgrbo.png Table 5—: Influence of historical ties https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transmission-to-economic-activity-1990-2006-1dvx4cpy.png Table 1—: Transmission to economic activity (1990-2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rank-of-countries-of-ownership-across-years-2c88uhyx.png Table 2—: Rank of Countries of Ownership Across Years https://scispace.com/papers/the-fine-structure-of-a-slender-scalar-plume-in-sheared-29is2svg1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-pdf-of-the-velocity-fluctuations-the-dashed-line-2575njlm.png Fig. 3 (a) Pdf of the velocity fluctuations; the dashed line represents a Gaussian distribution. (b) Pdf of the concentration fluctuations; the dotted line represents undyed fluid and the dashed lines represent fitted gamma and exponential distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-apparatus-l-25-4-mm-1bnun7nx.png Fig. 1 Schematic of the apparatus (L = 25.4 mm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-representative-instantaneous-concentration-map-at-x1-2q3osifu.png Fig. 2 (a) Representative instantaneous concentration map at x1/L = 28. (b) Mean concentration map at x1/L = 28, with the three regions of interest indicated by squares. (c) Profiles of the mean concentration and the standard deviation of the concentration fluctuations; dashed lines represent Gaussian profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-conditional-expectations-of-the-velocity-components-gpoqkidh.png Fig. 4 Conditional expectations of the velocity components, conditioned on the concentration fluctuation value; dotted lines represent undyed fluid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-pdf-of-the-transverse-concentration-derivative-b-2pcejbdp.png Fig. 5 (a) Pdf of the transverse concentration derivative. (b) Conditional expectations of the transverse concentration derivative, conditioned on the concentration fluctuation value; the dotted line represents undyed fluid. https://scispace.com/papers/the-first-mixed-problem-for-the-nonstationary-lame-system-537ojl9sbz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cylinder-ct-20qpejo1.png Fig. 1. A cylinder CT https://scispace.com/papers/the-formation-processes-and-development-characteristics-of-2r69aqj9qe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-thirty-eight-boulder-bars-of-four-cases-caused-by-2k1vej5g.png Figure 9. Thirty-eight boulder bars of four cases caused by outburst flood events from Google Earth satellite images, © Google Earth. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-boulder-bars-locations-during-the-dam-failure-2xpmywd8.png Figure 5. The boulder bars’ locations during the dam failure process. Notation: (a–h) represent the boulder bars’ locations for T1–T8 tests, respectively. The red lines in the figure represent the boulder bars, and the orange rectangles represent the channels. Moreover, the purple arrow represents the direction of flow. The numbers at both ends of the red lines represent the distances between the upstream and downstream edges of boulder bars and the dam toe. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-test-parameters-1qllu9h8.png Table 1. Test parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gradation-curve-of-the-dam-materials-emvy43r3.png Figure 1. Gradation curve of the dam materials. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-landslide-dam-parameters-the-value-of-hd-wd-ranges-3vbwv1ez.png Table 2. Landslide dam parameters. The value of Hd/Wd ranges from 0.1 to 0.3, and V 1/3d /Hd and V 1/3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-geometry-characteristics-of-boulder-bars-after-the-3gi7b5o6.png Figure 10. Geometry characteristics of boulder bars after the dam failed in the field. The experimental data are also plotted in the figure to compare to the field data. (a) The relationship between boulder bar length to width ratio (R) and dimensionless length (L∗); (b) the relationship between a boulder bar’s dimensionless area (A∗1) and the cross-sectional dimensionless area of the river channel along the boulder bar (A∗2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-lengths-widths-and-heights-of-the-boulder-bars-ujb93maq.png Figure 6. The lengths, widths, and heights of the boulder bars: (a) sizes of the boulder bars near the upstream reaches; (b) sizes of the boulder bars near the middle reaches; (c) sizes of the boulder bars near the downstream reaches. Notation: L, W, and H represent the length, width, and height of the boulder bar, respectively. Digits 1 to 8 indicate T1 to T8 tests, respectively. For example, MUL6 indicates the length of the boulder bar near the middle-upstream reaches for the T6 test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-setups-a-front-view-of-the-flume-b-top-wzwr05w1.png Figure 2. Experimental setups. (a) Front view of the flume. (b) Top view of the flume. https://scispace.com/papers/the-free-exercise-of-religion-a-sociological-approach-3z7iuxluqb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-16fvtaom.png FIGURE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-fourfold-superstructure-in-li3sb11s18-11ctx3ylz8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primary-and-secondary-distances-d-sb-s-in-li3sb11s18-xrbi225p.png Table 2 Primary and secondary distances [d(Sb–S)] in Li3Sb11S18, see Table S3 for all distances https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-projection-of-the-crystal-structure-of-li3sb11s18-1cd5h7bp.png Fig. 4 Projection of the crystal structure of Li3Sb11S18 along [010]. The two different layers are stacked along [001] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-li4-and-sb-atoms-with-an-octahedral-coordination-are-77hjn965.png Fig. 3 Li4 and Sb atoms with an octahedral coordination are arranged in an ordered way and thus are forming the fourfold superstructure of the title compound https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-the-lattice-constants-of-li3sb11s18-1vaee4g5.png Table 3 Comparison of the lattice constants of Li3Sb11S18 and Li1.5Sb5.5S9 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-crystallographic-data-for-the-structure-analysis-of-14wf5evk.png Table 1 Crystallographic data for the structure analysis of Li3Sb11S18 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-edge-sharing-octahedra-lis6-are-forming-strands-in-the-3rczb8ht.png Fig. 1 Edge sharing octahedra LiS6 are forming strands in the layers of type 1. Heterocubane-like fragments are completed by Sb and S https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-layers-of-type-2-exhibit-a-rock-salt-type-structure-16vok3pj.png Fig. 2 Layers of type 2 exhibit a rock salt type structure consisting of octahedra SbS6 in the central part of the layer and some octahedra LiS6 in the border region https://scispace.com/papers/the-full-cost-of-cryptanalytic-attacks-4tlbgagdw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-processors-memory-and-switching-network-arranged-in-a-3dcin2vz.png Fig. 2. Processors, memory, and switching network arranged in a cube. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-planes-dividing-processors-and-memory-for-proof-of-35d3t8u9.png Fig. 3. Planes dividing processors and memory for proof of Theorem 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attack-costs-in-processor-steps-and-full-cost-1zn7tdkk.png Table 1. Attack costs in processor steps and full cost. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-switching-network-connecting-processors-to-memory-3amvxuik.png Fig. 1. Switching network connecting processors to memory. https://scispace.com/papers/the-fuzziness-of-giant-planets-cores-1d08khksk1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-z-vs-normalized-mass-for-s-10-g-cm-2-solid-black-21g5jpv8.png Figure 3. Z vs. normalized mass for σ=10 g cm−2 (solid black) and σ=6 g cm−2 (dotted blue) at time of 0.66 Myr. The two different distributions persist during the planetary formation. Unlike the model of Lozovsky et al. (2017), we do not assume that mixing and settling take place during the formation process. The gray curves show the original distribution before smoothing is applied. The black and blue curves give guidelines to the expected distribution in the two cases. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-z-vs-planetary-mass-for-s-6-g-cm-2-dotted-and-s-10-xpowegry.png Figure 2. Z vs. planetary mass for σ=6 g cm−2 (dotted) and σ=10 g cm−2 (solid). This demonstrates the dependence of the planetary composition on the relative accretion rate (see Equation (1)). A zoom-in of Z vs.time up to a mass of 20 M⊕ is shown in the small panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-z-m-vs-time-for-the-two-cases-s-10-g-cm-2-black-and-yarf80z4.png Figure 1. Z(m) vs. time for the two cases σ=10 g cm−2 (black) and σ=6 g cm−2 (dashed blue). https://scispace.com/papers/the-gene-regulatory-basis-of-genetic-compensation-during-1a36l57b4l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-molecular-profiling-of-tfap2a-tfap2c-mutants-across-3g2z7dt5.png Fig 2. Molecular profiling of tfap2a;tfap2c mutants across multiple time points using 3’ tag sequencing. (A) tfap2a-/-;tfap2c-/- mutants present the first morphological phenotypes at the 15 somite stage. (B) By 28 hpf the morphological phenotype leads to an overall dorsalised form, bifurcation of the forming eye, heart oedema, and complete lack of neural crest cells. All other genotypes appear normal. (C) At 48 hpf the previously described reduction of melanocytes can be noted in tfap2a-/-;tfap2c+/+ embryos and a modest reduction of melanocytes can be identified in the dorsal tail (red arrow heads) in tfap2a-/-;tfap2c+/- mutants. (D) Quantification of melanocytes in the three corresponding genotypes at 36 hpf. (E) Chart indicating the number of differentially expressed gene 3’ ends identified with an adjusted p-value of<0.05 for each pairwise comparison of genotypes tfap2a-/-;tfap2c-/-, tfap2a-/-;tfap2c+/-, tfap2a-/-;tfap2c+/+ and tfap2a+/+;tfap2c-/- to tfap2a+/+;tfap2c+/+ siblings at 4 somites, 15 somites and 24 hpf (F) An UpSet[53] diagram to compare multiple pairwise DE gene lists derived from the tfap2a-/-;tfap2c-/- vs wild-type siblings (adj. p-value<0.05) for the 4 somite, 15 somite and 24 hpf stages and the list of neural crest-enriched genes derived from sorted neural crest cells at 22–23 hpf. The horizontal black bars represent the size of the gene lists. Individual subsets are marked with a black dot and overlaps with a connecting line. The number of genes in each subset is shown above each vertical bar. The vertical bars are numbered consecutively along the x-axis. GO/ZFA enrichment was carried out on the subset of the 4 and 15 somite stages (blue box), the subsets indicated with the orange boxes and on all genes contained in the neural crest FACS enrichment and in at least one of the three different double knockout time points (magenta box). The developmental time course nature of the data allows for the grouping of the subsets into timing based on neural crest development starting with early neural crest-specific gene expression and then moving towards early-mid, mid, mid-later and later. The complete list of the 26 genes in group 13 can be found in S2 Table. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-analysis-of-the-zebrafish-nc-grn-using-gene-expression-33b7dtdh.png Fig 1. Analysis of the zebrafish NC GRN using gene expression data, knockouts and tissue-specific sequencing. (A) The NC is induced by different morphogens, for example Wnt, BMP and FGF acting on ectoderm. Non-vertebrate chordates lack NC cells but are capable of producing pigmented cells and otoliths via mitf. AP-2 and SoxE family genes are required in vertebrates to form the NC and these also contribute to the differentiation of specific NC tissues types. (B-G) 3’ end transcriptome sequencing (DeTCT) of six key neural crest transcription factors (tfap2a, tfap2c, foxd3, sox9b, sox10, mitfa) across 18 developmental time points covering zygote to 5 dpf. Normalised counts of individual embryos (dots) are plotted for each stage. The mapped GRCz10 genomic positions of each 3’ end are at the top of the plots next to the gene names. ZFS numbers are labelled with their corresponding stage names and representative colouring. (H) FACS of dissociated sox10:mg was sorted based on mCherry and GFP signals at 22–23 hpf and were either sorted as whole embryos or separated heads and tails. Multiple replicates of each cell population were harvested and sequenced via RNA-seq. (I) FACS transgenic populations were compared to non-transgenic populations using DESeq2 to produce gene enrichment lists for each population. The enriched gene lists for the mCherry and mCherry/GFP population from whole embryos and mCherry and/or GFP positive populations from the head or trunk were then compared to each other as a Venn diagram. (J) An overview of the transcriptomics loss of function analysis comparing mutants to WT siblings, using 3’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-yap1-mutants-are-temperature-sensitive-and-yap1-plays-3o0u5p09.png Fig 6. yap1 mutants are temperature sensitive and yap1 plays a role in melanocyte development. (A) Transcripts of members of the Hippo signalling pathway fat2, lats2 and yap1 were less abundant in tfap2a;tfap2c mutants when compared to wild-type siblings. A schematic showing their role in signal transduction and transcription inside a cell. (B) CRISPR/Cas9 mutations were made in the first exon of yap1 leading to the two alleles described. The exon-intron structure of the yap1 transcript is shown in gold. The exact deletions are displayed below. (C) Embryos from a single clutch were split and raised at 24C and 31.5C. Bars indicate the absolute number of fish forming a swim bladder at 5 dpf for each yap1sa25458 genotype (D) Normalised counts of 3’ tag sequencing data at 24 hpf comparing yap1sa25458 mutants to wild-type siblings. All four genes, yap1, gch2, wu:fc46h12 and padi2, have an adj. p-value<0.05. (E) Maternal zygotic yap1 mutants present a strong reduction in melanocyte numbers at 36 hpf at both dorsal (arrow head) and ventral tail regions (arrow). (F) Quantification of melanocytes with the quantities on the left and then broken down into the regions of the head, yolk, ventral tail and dorsal tail. Each dot represents a region in a single larva, siblings in blue and MZyap1sa25458 in red. A statistical significance of<0.05 is indicated with “�”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-identification-of-nc-specific-gene-subsets-in-tfap2a-1tjbb4z5.png Fig 4. Identification of NC-specific gene subsets in tfap2a;tfap2c mutant RNA-seq 15 somite data. (A) RNA-seq at 15 somites, an � indicates a significant (adj. p-value<0.05) increase of tfap2c transcript in tfap2a-/-;tfap2c+/+ embryos when compared to wild-type siblings. (B) Overlapping gene lists comparison of significantly (adj. p-value<0.05) differentially expressed genes when tfap2a-/-;tfap2c-/- and tfap2a-/-;tfap2c+/- are compared to wildtype siblings. (C) tfap2a-/-;tfap2c+/- log2[fold change] plotted against tfap2a-/-;tfap2c-/- log2[fold change] with regression curve showing a 1:2 ratio. (D) Subsetting of gene lists from four different pairwise comparisons. The subsets are labelled 1–14 and the genes from (e-h) are noted at the top of the groups they belong to. Groups 1, 3 and 5 have grey boxes around them. (E-H) Examples of violin plots for the four subset groups with “�” signifying a <0.05 adj p-value between two groups and NS indicating not significant. Genotypes of the embryo groups are listed at the bottom of each plot. (I) Enrichment for AP-2alpha (Tfap2a) and AP-2gamma (Tfap2c) binding sites in tfap2a-/-;tfap2c+/- DGE list and subset 5. (J) ZFA enrichment was carried out on all 14 subsets but only returned significant enrichment for groups 1–8. The log10[Fold Enrichment] is designated by the size of the circle and the colour represents -log10[p-value]. Grey bars correspond to the same subsets in (D). Anatomy terms have been manually organised based on the themes to the right. The actual terms have been cropped and placed in (S3 Fig ZFA Enrichment) for ease of reading. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sequencing-data-and-pairwise-comparison-gene-lists-39it0skv.png Table 1. Sequencing data and pairwise comparison gene lists. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-knockouts-investigated-in-this-study-6vp850ud.png Table 2. Knockouts investigated in this study. https://scispace.com/papers/the-gene-encoding-the-mouse-homologue-of-the-human-3dvgftfsnu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-radiographic-images-of-a-14-day-old-normal-mouse-wt-2qoc2f4f.png Figure 1. Radiographic images of a 14-day-old normal mouse (wt) and its osteosclerotic littermate (oc/oc). A general increase of bone density and disappearance of bone marrow space can be observed in the mutant. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dna-sequence-comparison-of-mouse-oc116-gene-in-wt-2kv2d4kp.png Figure 4. DNA sequence comparison of mouse OC116 gene in wt and in oc/ocmice. (a) The distal border of the deletion (exon 3 into intron1) in normal (1/1) and mutant (oc/oc) genomic DNA. (b) The expected exon 1/exon 2 junction in1/1 mice cDNA, and one of the alternative RT-PCR products derived from oc/oc mice. (c) A schematic representation of the 1.6-kb deletion in genomic DNA present inoc/ocmutants compared with the wild type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-genotyping-of-anoc-1-3-oc-1-cross-with-the-asl54r00.png Figure 2. (A) Genotyping of anoc/1 3 oc/1 cross with the polymorphic microsatelliteD19Mit68. Mutantoc/ocmice show the cosegregation of the osteopetrotic phenotype with C57BL/6 alleles (B/B). (B) Schematic representation of the C57BL/6 minimal region cosegregating with D19Mit68 and the oc locus. Recombinantoc/oc and oc/1 animals excludedD19Mit32 and D19Mit93 as proximal and distal boundaries, respectively. The genetic distance between these two boundaries is derived from the EUCIB data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-amino-acid-comparison-of-mouse-vs-human-oc116-f41mtq1b.png Figure 5. Amino acid comparison of mouse vs. human OC116 predicted protein sequences. Black boxes represent identical residues, while grey boxes correspond to similar ones. https://scispace.com/papers/the-genetic-status-of-idh1-2-and-egfr-dictates-the-vascular-14mnbhmbv0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-egfr-wt-amp-and-egfr-viii-cells-have-different-2wpd52s5.png Figure 3. EGFR wt/amp and EGFR vIII cells have different vascular capacities. A. Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves of mice that were orthotopically injected with SVZ-EGFRwt/amp or SVZEGFRvIII cells (n=10). B. Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves of patients from the TCGA cohort (GBM+LGG) separated based on the genetic status of EGFR (n=272). C. Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) (Top) and BrdU uptake (Bottom) in sections from SVZ tumors. D. Quantification of the percentage of BrdU+ cells in SVZ tumors (n=3). E. Representative images of the endomucin IHC staining of SVZ glioma sections. F-G. Quantification of the vascular density (F) and the number of dilated blood vessels (BVs) (G) in (E) (n=5). H. qRT-PCR analysis of angiogenesis-related genes in SVZ-EGFRwt/amp and SVZ-EGFRvIII tumors. Actin was used for https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-egfr-mutations-modulate-the-vascular-properties-of-4im0tqk7.png Figure 6. EGFR mutations modulate the vascular properties of glioma cells in a BMX- and SOX9-dependent way. A. WB analysis and quantification of SOX9 expression in PDXs. GAPDH was used for normalization. B. qRT-PCR analysis of SOX9 expression in PDXs (n=9). HPRT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-egfrwt-amp-expression-is-associated-with-a-hypoxic-eolrky09.png Figure 4. EGFRwt/amp expression is associated with a hypoxic phenotype. A. Representative T1 contrast enhanced MRI scans of mouse brains containing SVZ tumors at different time points after gadolinium (Gd) injection. B. Quantification of the Gd extravasation in (A) (n=3). NERt: normalized enhancement ratio. C. Representative images of endomucin and IgG IF staining of sections from SVZ tumors. D. Quantification of IgG extravasation on (C) (n=16). E. WB analysis and quantification of HIF1α in SVZ tumors. Actin was used for normalization. F. qRT-PCR analysis of hypoxic-related genes signature in SVZ tumors (n=5). Actin was used for normalization. G-H. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-correlation-of-egfr-alterations-with-the-expression-1zz1xm46.png Figure 1. Correlation of EGFR alterations with the expression of angiogenic molecules. A-C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-glioma-derived-pericytes-stabilize-the-vasculature-760jy4yb.png Figure 5. Glioma derived-pericytes stabilize the vasculature in EGFRmut tumors. A-B. Representative pictures of GFP+ glioma cells and endomucin (A) or αSMA (B) IF staining of sections from SVZ tumors. C. qRT-PCR analysis of pericytic-related genes in GFP+ sorted cells from SVZ tumors (n=4). Human cDNA was used as negative control. Actin was used for normalization. D. Comparative analysis of expression of pericytic markers in tumors from (C). E. qRT-PCR analysis of https://scispace.com/papers/the-gigavision-camera-37x98v66ey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-response-function-of-a-conventional-pixel-and-a-3vr3kuy3.png Fig. 4. Response function of a conventional pixel and a gigavision pixel. The quantizer of the conventional pixel has N = 256 levels and parameters α = 1 and α = 0.25. For the gigavision pixel the thresholds are T = 1, and T = 4, and the oversampling factors are N = 256 and N = 4096. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-estimation-error-variance-of-the-conventional-pixel-zmwwwxrs.png Fig. 5. Estimation error variance of the conventional pixel and the gigavision pixel. The quantizer of the conventional pixel has 256 levels and parameter α = 1 and 0.25. For the gigavision pixel the thresholds are T = 1, and 4, and the oversampling factors are N = 256 and 4096. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-architecture-of-a-conventional-camera-and-a-2zrdjf0c.png Fig. 1. Simplified architecture of a conventional camera and a gigavision Camera. The incident light is focused by the lens and then impinges on the image sensors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simplified-block-diagram-of-a-conventional-pixel-and-a-tzm4qy4b.png Fig. 3. Simplified block diagram of a conventional pixel and a gigavision pixel. For the conventional camera, the incident photons first are converted to the electrical signal S, then quantized by a multilevel quantizer. For the gigavision camera, the electrical signal Si is quantized by an one-bit quantizer with threshold T and the pixel value C is the sum of the N pixels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-architecture-of-a-thin-camera-based-on-a-lens-array-33zxp2ag.png Fig. 2. Architecture of a thin camera based on a lens array and a gigavision sensor. Here parallax is neglected, and every element of the lens array generates the binary picture of the same scene. And the final picture is constructed by adding these binary pictures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-estimation-error-variance-of-the-conventional-pixel-3ezpo61k.png Fig. 6. Estimation error variance of the conventional pixel and the gigavision pixel when λ is in region [0, 50]. The quantizer of the conventional pixel has 256 levels and parameter α = 0.25. For the gigavision pixel the threshold is T = 1, and oversampling factor N = 4096. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-acquired-image-with-the-conventional-and-the-7af2khzp.png Fig. 7. Acquired image with the conventional and the gigavision sensor. The image ’colorChecker.hdr’ is used to simulate the number of photons at each pixel and each sensor leads to a different estimation of the observed image. https://scispace.com/papers/the-gps-to-success-growth-grids-measurement-properties-of-a-2ngoyysjj5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gps-actions-and-mentor-language-descriptions-of-24mxtijw.png Figure 2: GPS actions and mentor language descriptions of maximum scores on growth grids assessing older mentees. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-standardized-item-loadings-on-gps-factor-for-mentor-2zt7k698.png Table 1 Standardized item loadings on GPS factor for mentor and mentee versions of growth grids across three times of measurement https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-gps-growth-grid-younger-mentees-self-3anxx1rm.png Figure 1: Example GPS Growth Grid: Younger mentee’s self-reported GPS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-standardized-latent-correlations-of-gps-factors-2gvjczet.png Table 2 Standardized latent correlations of GPS factors within and across time. Younger mentees’ and mentors’ correlations displayed below the diagonal, older mentees’ and mentors’ correlations displayed above the diagonal https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-latent-means-and-variances-for-older-and-younger-i8s6csh0.png Table 3 Latent means and variances for older and younger mentee and mentor GPS factors across three times of measurement https://scispace.com/papers/the-heat-transfer-modelling-for-bone-metastatic-lesion-56wqg0busf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-a-conventional-a-p-and-lateral-x-ray-of-two-12celeuz.png Figure 2 shows a conventional A-P and lateral X-ray of two patients submitted to internal fixation using a femoral https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-internal-fixation-with-intramedullary-nailing-of-femur-32z96jd2.png Fig. 1 Internal fixation with intramedullary nailing of femur. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-numerical-models-without-intramedullary-nail-and-with-3c4d13w4.png Fig. 3 Numerical models without intramedullary nail and with intramedullary titanium nail. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-models-without-intramedullary-nail-temperature-at-high-3mdpevuj.png Fig. 5 Models without intramedullary nail, temperature at high peak cement polymerization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-models-with-intramedullary-titanium-nail-temperature-2bcn1f9b.png Fig. 6 Models with intramedullary titanium nail, temperature at high peak cement polymerization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-materials-2-16-38pb94rz.png Table 1 Properties of materials [2], [16]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-heparin-binding-proteome-in-normal-pancreas-and-murine-3lygzg6nd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-top-20-extracellular-pancreas-hbps-overexpressed-in-28w1veq1.png Table 1. Top 20 extracellular pancreas HBPs overexpressed in AP. The upregulated HBPs were filtered depending on the maximum fold change values. An adjusted threshold p value of less than 0.001 following the Bonferroni correction was used to identify the top HBPs to be validated as potential biomarkers. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-top-20-canonical-pathways-enriched-to-extracellular-70upfdki.png Table 3. Top 20 canonical pathways enriched to extracellular pancreas HBPs in NP using ingenuity pathways analysis. The significance of the association between the datasets and the canonical pathway was measured by calculating the p-value using Fisher’s exact test to determine the probability of the association between the HBPs in the dataset and the canonical pathway. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-top-20-plasma-hbps-overexpressed-in-ap-the-1ovl047y.png Table 5. Top 20 plasma HBPs overexpressed in AP. The upregulated HBPs were filtered depending on the maximum fold change values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-heat-map-depicting-the-variation-across-the-biological-24h2fop1.png Fig 3. Heat map depicting the variation across the biological and technical replicates in extracellular pancreas HBPs. The rows represent the various biological replicates in normal pancreas (NP) and acute pancreatitis (AP), while the columns represent proteins. Red represents over expression and green represents under expression. Biological replicate number is denoted as "BioRep" and technical replicate number as "TechRep". Hierarchical clustering was performed on both column data, to cluster the changes in protein expression, and row data, which displays the variation between samples. The stability of the instrument platform is shown in that the lowest branch of the sample variation dendrogram correctly represents the technical replicates of each sample. The next level of the dendrogram correctly separates the biological condition of the sample indicating repeatable protein expression differences between the biological conditions. A higher degree of variability is observed in the AP samples presumably reflecting the systemic effects of AP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-heparin-binding-putative-protein-interactome-in-1audvwag.png Fig 5. The heparin-binding putative protein interactome in acute pancreatitis (AP) constructed using STRING 10.5. Nodes or HBPs are connected by protein-protein interactions known as ‘edges’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-heparin-binding-putative-protein-interactome-in-2ls3etxx.png Fig 4. The heparin-binding putative protein interactome in normal pancreas (NP) constructed using STRING 10.5. Nodes or HBPs are connected by protein-protein interactions known as ‘edges’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-normal-pancreas-np-and-caerulein-induced-acute-3oqxe7u4.png Fig 1. Normal pancreas (NP) and caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Representative images of H&E stained histology slides of A) NP with intact pancreas architecture and B) AP showing marked oedema, inflammatory cell infiltration and acinar cell necrosis. Mean serum amylase levels in (C) NP and (D) AP in each experiment consisting of 16 individuals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-heat-map-depicting-the-variation-across-the-biological-x3joziq0.png Fig 6. Heat map depicting the variation across the biological and technical replicates in plasma HBPs. The rows represent the various biological replicates from plasma in health (NP) and acute pancreatitis (AP), while the columns represent proteins. Red represents over expression and green represents under expression. Biological replicate number is denoted as "BioRep" and technical replicate number as "TechRep". Hierarchical clustering was performed on both column data, to cluster the changes in protein expression, and row data, which displays the variation between samples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-household-spending-response-to-the-2003-tax-cut-evidence-11j14zaetx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percent-of-households-receiving-tax-cut-37t2l0z1.png Table 2: Percent of Households Receiving Tax Cut https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-responses-to-the-child-credit-rebate-3pn1k9a0.png Table 3: Responses to the Child Credit Rebate https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-estimating-the-marginal-propensity-to-consume-inmt8zsw.png Table 7: Estimating the Marginal Propensity to Consume https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-households-claiming-good-time-to-buy-ya04cki7.png Table 6: Households Claiming "Good Time" to Buy https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-percent-response-among-households-receiving-both-tax-3054kh9v.png Table 5: Percent Response Among Households Receiving Both Tax Cuts https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-responses-to-the-reduced-withholding-tax-36w6c6mm.png Table 4: Responses to the Reduced Withholding Tax https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effect-of-the-jgtrra-on-real-disposable-income-1vgm6lev.png Table 1: Effect of the JGTRRA on Real Disposable Income (Billions of 2000 $) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-jgtrra-and-the-aggregate-spending-response-20l8fj8y.png Table 8: JGTRRA and the Aggregate Spending Response https://scispace.com/papers/the-human-trident-hfh-11-fkhl16-gene-structure-localization-27ythdjdot 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-chromosomal-mapping-of-the-trident-gene-metaphase-2gtni3p8.png FIG. 2. (A) Chromosomal mapping of the TRIDENT gene. Metaphase spreads were probed with the human cDNA encoding TRIDENT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-graphical-representation-of-the-trident-promoter-2sm987wu.png FIG. 4. (A) Graphical representation of the TRIDENT promoter. Numbers refer to the distance between the start of the cDNA clone https://scispace.com/papers/the-illusion-of-preservation-a-global-environmental-argument-2raaidlnb6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-energy-use-by-material-1bxshx8r.png Table 1 Energy use by material https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-percentage-forested-area-and-1c8aeicv.png Figure 5 Comparison of percentage forested area and population density per forested area: Massachusetts, Germany, Switzerland, Japan and France. Massachusetts is more than 60% forested by area and experiences a population density per forest area comparable with Japan and France [Source: Massachusetts, Alerich, 2000; other nations, World Resources Inst. (1998), World Resources Institute, http://www.wri.org/wr-98–99/index.html]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-per-capita-wood-consumption-and-harvest-per-24mzlcb7.png Figure 6 Per capita wood consumption and harvest per forested area: Massachusetts, Germany, Switzerland, Japan and France. Although relatively heavily forested, harvesting per unit area from Massachusetts forests is low compared with other countries. In contrast, per capita consumption of wood is several times greater in Massachusetts. [Source: Massachusetts, DEM; Howard (1997); Alerich (2000); MISER; Other nations, FAO (2000), http://apps. fao.org]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-us-wood-imports-and-exports-1965-97-imports-of-both-3sit2qf5.png Figure 1 US wood imports and exports: 1965–97. Imports of both lumber and pulp exceed exports, indicating the reliance on foreign wood by the United States economy [Source: Howard (1999)]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-massachusettss-hypothetical-harvest-scenarios-35o5rl8l.png Figure 7 Massachusetts’s hypothetical harvest scenarios compared with different levels of statewide consumption (m3 year)1). The current annual harvest contributes little to meeting the estimated consumption of wood products in Massachusetts. Through potential decreases in consumption, coupled with various approaches to increased timber management on public and private lands, the gap between production and consumption can be made smaller. Scenario A: current annual MA harvest of 311,190 m3. Scenario B: 100% timber management of public land, 0% timber management of private land. Scenario C: 0% timber management of public land, 100% timber management of private land. Scenario D: 50% timber management of public land, 50% timber management of private land. Scenario E: 80% timber management of public land, 20% timber management of private land. Scenario F: 80% timber management of public land, 80% timber management of private land. Scenario G: 100% timber management of public land, 100% timber management of private land. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-us-recycling-rates-by-material-although-paper-and-dyyafgn6.png Figure 2 US recycling rates by material. Although paper and paperboard recycling rates are relatively strong, rates for solid wood and plastics lag well behind [Source: US EPA (1998)]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-reported-massachusetts-lumber-production-1869-1996-1h4ntoll.png Figure 3 Reported Massachusetts lumber production 1869–1996. Softwood lumber production peaks at the turn of the last century, based on white pine stands that had been established on abandoned agricultural land following the height of farming around 1830. Softwood lumber production also jumps based on salvage following the 1938 hurricane [Source: Steer (1948); Bond (1962); MA DEM (1997)]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-an-announcement-of-land-acquisition-in-1zda2xi37p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-on-land-auction-data-in-hong-kong-from-q0kh5smt.png Table 3---Summary on land auction data in Hong Kong from fiscal year 1997-98 to 2007-08 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-of-land-winners-share-price-on-land-auction-13ax4vmq.png Table 4 ----Analysis of land winners’ share price on land auction date, AARs and CAARs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-constituency-of-portfolio-representing-the-real-estate-1415liar.png Fig 1 Constituency of portfolio representing the real estate sector https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-coefficients-of-multivariate-regression-models-of-33lcku2f.png Table 7 ---Coefficients of multivariate regression models of post-auction price reaction on different factors https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-real-estate-focused-and-non-real-estate-xkjrom5d.png Table 1 ---List of real estate focused and non-real estate focused firms https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-on-explanatory-variables-of-multivariate-xj67x28l.png Table 6 Summary on explanatory variables of multivariate regression https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-analysis-of-real-estate-sector-portfolio-on-auction-3nhy748o.png Table 5 ---Analysis of real estate sector portfolio on auction date, AARs and CAARs https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-explanatory-variables-464jcixv.png Table 2 --- Summary of explanatory variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-body-mass-index-and-waist-circumference-on-f90nyf2vrq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-84i132ty.png Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study population in different BMI categories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-normal-and-increased-wc-according-to-2yfrgbmf.png Figure 2. Percentage of normal and increased WC according to BMI categories. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-the-study-population-2hotz2hk.png Figure 1. Flowchart of the study population. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hrql-scores-according-to-bmi-and-wc-groups-1aq8jl1o.png Table 2. HRQL scores according to BMI and WC groups. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-on-reservoir-inflows-using-jsc8r2mk1x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-historical-climatic-trend-of-mangla-watershed-a-3jclawov.png Figure 4. Historical climatic trend of Mangla Watershed (a) Tmin (b) Tmax. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-sensitivity-analysis-of-parameters-using-swat-cup-2hmk3n7m.png Table 7. Sensitivity analysis of parameters using SWAT-CUP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-model-parameters-used-to-calibrate-discharge-32nlggnh.png Table 8. Model parameters used to calibrate discharge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-percent-future-changes-in-low-flows-with-respect-to-2m8ogzz6.png Table 13. Percent future changes in low flows with respect to the baseline flow (1981–2010) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios in the Mangla River Basin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-percent-future-changes-in-high-flows-with-respect-xf286nil.png Table 11. Percent future changes in high flows with respect to the baseline flow (1981–2010) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios in the Mangla River Basin. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-percent-future-changes-in-median-flows-with-respect-2uplljvr.png Table 12. Percent future changes in median flows with respect to the baseline flow (1981–2010) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios in the Mangla River Basin. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-monthly-discharge-m3-s-using-the-seven-gcms-in-2npyw57w.png Figure 13. Monthly discharge (m3/s) using the seven GCMs in 2020s, 2050s and 2080s under (a) RCP 4.5 (b) RCP 8.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-projected-change-in-mean-annual-and-seasonal-tmax-16qg7wc3.png Table 6. Projected change in mean annual and seasonal Tmax, Tmin, and PPT in three-time slices. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-skepticism-on-adaptation-in-a-2vegndynbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-observed-death-rate-in-the-presence-of-climate-cnxvi63z.png Figure 2: The Observed Death Rate in the Presence of Climate Skeptics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-probability-of-death-as-a-function-of-1prhcs7c.png Figure 1: The Probability of Death as a Function of Temperature https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-on-the-brazilian-agriculture-a-24xroe0gbw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temperature-marginals-pooled-and-hsiao-model-2o1s4cpj.png Figure 2: Temperature marginals, Pooled and Hsiao Model. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-exhaustive-exercise-on-metabolic-profiles-in-4ufi8ni7o8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2ndi3ll8.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-financial-education-for-youth-in-ghana-2x4vh0hzq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-program-districts-1z1vs0fm.png Figure 1. Map of program districts. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-continued-25rie7hd.png Table 8 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-home-savings-support-2f4rqeg6.png Table 9 Home savings support https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-treatment-effects-on-key-outcome-variables-1ww1j22z.png Table 5 Treatment effects on key outcome variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-savings-behavior-28y0kz4g.png Table 7 Savings behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-savings-attitudes-12uep3cq.png Table 8 (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-16-confidence-1bex4vh0.png Table 16 Confidence https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-expenditures-on-self-1xqx4lw9.png Table 15 Expenditures on self https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-financial-liberalization-and-the-rise-of-3jj1rsjks4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-1-trends-in-a-real-average-labour-productivity-and-3r1g9ze8.png Figure 14.1. Trends in (a) real average labour productivity and (b) real wages in https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-4-macroeconomic-phases-of-the-turkish-economy-1980-3nnxkfv6.png Table 14.4. Macroeconomic phases of the Turkish economy, 1980–99 https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-1-summary-of-research-on-the-size-distribution-of-3e4h7uho.png Table 14.1. Summary of research on the size distribution of income (percentage of income) https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-5-the-functional-distribution-of-domestic-factor-1s9o044w.png Table 14.5. The functional distribution of domestic factor income, 1970–98 (percentage) https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-3-average-income-richest-and-poorest-quintiles-1997-33rn0jyt.png Table 14.3. Average income, richest and poorest quintiles, 1997 (US$) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-3-macroeconomic-dynamics-of-the-turkish-economy-31ptb7j2.png Figure 14.3. Macroeconomic dynamics of the Turkish economy under full financial liberalization (post-1989) https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-2-comparison-of-sis-1987-versus-1994-surveys-of-3hhgwzln.png Table 14.2. Comparison of SIS 1987 versus 1994 surveys of income distribution (percentage of income) https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-higher-education-institution-firm-knowledge-51y7fs9v64 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ols-estimates-of-different-versions-of-equation-1-vfhja5x8.png Table 1 – OLS Estimates of Different Versions of Equation (1) using a Matched Sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-gender-diversity-on-the-performance-of-2v43v5x5cr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regressions-of-average-team-characteristics-at-2rlcdmbt.png Table 6 Regressions of (Average) Team Characteristics at Baseline on Dummies for Share of Women https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-imperfect-credibility-in-a-transition-to-price-3htxh3d30d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-optimal-speed-of-disinflation-3q5ymsrw.png Fig. 4. Optimal Speed of Disinflation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-output-effects-of-gradual-disinflation-under-concave-3i4ubuty.png Fig. 8. Output effects of gradual disinflation under concave learning. Initial annual inflation rate 200%, T 6. Three years to perfect foresight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-output-effects-of-immediate-disinflation-under-concave-14fig9z9.png Fig. 7. Output effects of immediate disinflation under concave learning. Initial annual inflation rate 200%. Three years to perfect foresight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-output-effects-of-gradual-disinflation-under-perfect-b94at75e.png Fig. 3. Output effects of gradual disinflation under perfect foresight. Initial annual inflation rate 200%, T 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-output-effects-of-gradual-disinflation-under-perfect-usne6fs2.png Fig. 2. Output effects of gradual disinflation under perfect foresight. Initial annual inflation rate 3%, T 6 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-output-effects-of-gradual-disinflation-over-three-d8metr58.png Fig. 6. Output effects of gradual disinflation over three years under concave learning. Initial annual inflation rate 3%, T 6. Three years to perfect foresight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-output-effects-of-gradual-disinflation-under-concave-1ob4112y.png Fig. 14. Output effects of gradual disinflation under concave learning. Initial annual inflation rate 3%, T 6. Three years to perfect foresight https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-optimal-speed-of-disinflation-da8cigjb.png Fig. 13. Optimal Speed of Disinflation https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-infrastructure-on-trade-and-economic-growth-in-ybvwx8wmvv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effects-of-soft-infrastructure-on-exports-in-asia-g3ou4xwp.png Table 7: Effects of Soft Infrastructure on Exports in Asia https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trade-performance-in-asia-2000-and-2012-1ip1cdoa.png Table 1: Trade Performance in Asia, 2000 and 2012 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-information-and-communications-technology-2f9m3e50.png Table 9: Information and Communications Technology Infrastructure Effects on Agricultural and Manufacturing Exports https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-soft-infrastructure-effects-on-agricultural-and-16qgz7mw.png Table 10: Soft Infrastructure Effects on Agricultural and Manufacturing Exports https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effects-of-information-and-communications-technology-7ifox7mp.png Table 6: Effects of Information and Communications Technology Infrastructure on Exports in Asia https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-infrastructure-effects-on-economic-growth-1y2e1whv.png Table 12: Infrastructure Effects on Economic Growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-infrastructure-performance-selected-economies-in-3mqwh2k9.png Table 2: Infrastructure Performance-Selected Economies in Asia, 2006, 2010, 2013 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-transport-infrastructure-effects-on-exports-in-asia-2d5bv3dd.png Table 5: Transport Infrastructure Effects on Exports in Asia https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-intermunicipal-cooperation-on-local-public-28c3iz00ua 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-estimation-results-of-the-refined-spatial-model-of-2bmvflx1.png Table 3. Estimation results of the refined spatial model of municipal spending using a distance based weight matrix with a threshold at 20km, 1994-2003. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-1994-2003-zw5wbllj.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics, 1994-2003 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-estimation-results-of-the-simple-spatial-model-of-2xzvv8ml.png Table 2. Estimation results of the simple spatial model of municipal spending using a distance based weight matrix with a threshold at 20km, 1994-2003. https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-social-emotional-context-in-chronic-cancer-qah7uzn738 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gq8ho52v.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-341tn0vl.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-summer-heatwaves-on-railway-track-geometry-fnrzuy4xr7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-predicted-condition-and-maintenance-requirements-at-2scce2ys.png Table 9. Predicted condition and maintenance requirements at the end of the heatwave periods following the strategy with routine maintenance schedule Froutine = N(60, 15) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-base-case-strategy-parameters-10kdgitx.png Table 2. Base case strategy parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-key-for-variant-asset-strategy-test-scenarios-s6mgjizr.png Table 3. Key for variant asset strategy test scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-estimated-condition-and-maintenance-performance-at-178rcz8a.png Table 13. Estimated condition and maintenance performance at the end of the heatwave periods for the best case strategy when applied to the example London to Sheffield mainline https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-estimated-condition-and-maintenance-performance-at-31i0f1vg.png Table 12. Estimated condition and maintenance performance at the end of the heatwave periods for the base case strategy when applied to the example London to Sheffield mainline https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-petri-net-elements-b-example-petri-net-3smsotjk.png Figure 1. a) Petri net elements; b) example Petri net https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-best-asset-management-strategy-combination-1jin1qcw.png Table 11. Best asset management strategy combination https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-wolves-on-psychological-distress-among-farmers-3zhimnqjhk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multiple-regression-analysis-ordinary-least-squares-24pr5av9.png Table 2. Multiple regression analysis (ordinary least squares). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-of-study-variables-3hsncaqx.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics of study variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-designated-wolf-zone-hatched-and-the-number-of-48w3ehu5.png Figure 1. Designated wolf-zone (hatched) and the number of sheep reported injured or killed by wolves in the period 2013 - 2017 in Norway. (Source: Rovbase.no). https://scispace.com/papers/the-impact-of-unconventional-monetary-policy-on-firm-vqc7f4jvsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-3al1gn3q.png Table 2. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-did-a-firm-issue-debt-3ig5kq2q.png Table 6. Did a Firm Issue Debt? https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coefficient-estimates-around-the-event-date-3r97ijpd.png Figure 2. Coefficient estimates around the event date https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-mep-bond-buying-program-11oo7cr3.png TABLE 1. THe MEP Bond-Buying Program https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-insurers-median-fixed-income-holdings-rated-a-as-a-3mkx8nr1.png Figure 4. Insurers’ Median Fixed Income Holdings Rated A- as a Share of Total NAIC Risk Category 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-reaching-for-yield-38ufa7s9.png Table 7. Reaching for Yield https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-alternative-dates-393zp32m.png Table 4. Alternative Dates https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-stock-returns-and-mep-2l7a0vho.png Table 3. Stock Returns and MEP https://scispace.com/papers/the-implicit-affiliation-motive-moderates-cortisol-responses-5g6hj6fm1e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cortisol-raw-scores-ng-ml-of-the-pre-and-100afjng.png Table 1 Cortisol raw scores (ng/ml) of the pre- and postmeasures for the physical stress, the psychosocial stress, and the control group. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-association-between-the-implicit-affiliation-motive-3cfqruei.png Figure 1 Association between the implicit affiliation motive and salivary cortisol responses (log-transformed) in the three experimental conditions (psychosocial stress - dashed line, physical stress - solid line, control - thin dashed line). https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-professional-training-for-establishing-5032dy4vrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-socio-demographic-characteristics-of-all-study-jlxvgwki.png Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of all study participants. https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-investor-heterogeneity-an-examination-of-45df720hzn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-13-emaxx-bond-coverage-b1i7g71m.png Figure A.13: eMaxx Bond Coverage https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-6-r-squared-of-the-uni-variate-regression-of-credit-2mbgl0iu.png Figure A.6: R-squared of the Uni-variate Regression of Credit Spreads on Bid-ask Spreads https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-credit-yields-regression-on-bid-ask-spreads-t01jsqls.png Table A.6: Credit Yields Regression on Bid Ask Spreads https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-11-target-moments-and-model-fits-10pfubcd.png Table A.11: Target Moments and Model Fits https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-15-correlation-between-bond-ratings-and-investor-1phgtqva.png Figure A.15: Correlation between Bond Ratings and Investor Types https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-2-summary-statistics-at-bond-quarter-level-all-bonds-3mwebsse.png Table A.2: Summary Statistics at Bond-Quarter Level – All Bonds https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-7-summary-statistics-by-investor-composition-ou21kxpy.png Table A.7: Summary Statistics by Investor Composition Quantile https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-11-model-simulated-data-cross-sectional-regression-1m8vy53h.png Figure A.11: Model Simulated Data– Cross-sectional Regression Result https://scispace.com/papers/the-in-difference-engine-explaining-the-disappearance-of-2ea0nfivj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-apple-imac-1999-1l2s6cj8.png Fig. 15 Apple iMac, 1999 https://scispace.com/papers/the-importance-of-spinner-dolphin-stenella-longirostris-3u73yx2i7l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-variables-selected-during-the-boosted-um60nomp.png Table 3. The variables selected during the boosted generalized additive models process to examine the influence of spatial position, previous behaviour, time-of-day, substrate and inside or outside of bays on the resting state of spinner dolphins. Optimal m is the point at which the model is stopped during the model-fitting process to avoid over-fitting. Stability selection shows the probability of variable selection at optimal m. Maximum iterations = 1000 bootstrap iterations with a 50-fold cross-validation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-of-day-tod-base-learner-marginal-function-1ydlqe9w.png Fig. 3. Time-of-day (TOD) base-learner marginal function estimates showing the predicted probability of spinner dolphins resting ( 95% confidence intervals) during the morning (6 am– 10 am), mid-morning (10 am–2 pm) and afternoon (2 pm–6 pm) for Kauhako Bay and Kealakekua Bay. Resting behaviour based on land-based observations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-marginal-function-estimate-showing-the-probability-of-1ye8yo57.png Fig. 2. Marginal function estimate showing the probability of spinner dolphins resting inside and outside of the four sheltered bays (Kauhako Bay, Honaunau Bay, Kealakekua Bay and Makako Bay). Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predicted-percentages-for-resting-spinner-dolphins-3kjhh4l8.png Fig. 4. Predicted percentages for resting spinner dolphins modelled from boosted generalized additive models in (a) Kealakekua Bay (n = 1526) and (b) Kauhako Bay (n = 200). Grid cells are 50 m2 based on the resolution of available bathymetric and habitat maps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-location-of-the-spinner-dolphin-study-area-on-the-23pty2ma.png Fig. 1. The location of the spinner dolphin study area on the Kona Coast showing the four sheltered bays: Kauhako Bay, Honaunau Bay, Kealakekua Bay and Makako Bay, Hawai’i Island, and the behavioural observations of spinner dolphin groups (black circles) recorded during boat-based (n = 28) and land-based (n = 47) group focal follows. Each black circle (n = 2856) corresponds to the location where each 10-min scan sample was obtained. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-base-learners-used-in-the-three-boosted-tpujwj3m.png Table 1. List of base-learners used in the three boosted generalized additive models (GAMs) to explore relationships between resting spinner dolphins (resting or nonresting) and environmental, spatial and temporal factors. Single bay models = Kealakekua Bay and Kauhako Bay; coastal model includes all bays and coastal waters https://scispace.com/papers/the-incidence-and-make-up-of-ability-grouped-sets-in-the-uk-4izq9ctxje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-response-bias-in-teacher-survey-compared-2vqt7pvc.png Table 1. Analysis of response bias in teacher survey compared to MCS4 overall. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-setting-placement-and-season-of-fjq6bjxd.png Table 3. Relationship between setting placement and season of birth. https://scispace.com/papers/the-incorporation-of-alpha-tocopherol-and-functional-doses-3ddt10qg32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compositional-analysis-for-port-salut-light-cheeses-3a3epzui.png Table 1 Compositional analysis for Port Salut light cheeses manufactured at industrial level. https://scispace.com/papers/the-increase-in-young-s-modulus-of-rocks-under-uniaxial-znsi3ser20 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-relationship-between-the-portion-of-residual-23y6xrif.png Figure 11. The relationship between the portion of residual strain and the increase in secant modulus in all samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-relationship-between-residual-strain-and-the-38w6j272.png Figure 10. The relationship between residual strain and the increase in secant modulus from [23] is similar to our results in Figure 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-porphyry-sample-h784d-c3-a-the-axial-stress-1e9uqyqh.png Figure 5. The porphyry sample H784d C3. (a) The axial stress-strain/volumetric strain curve. The volumetric strain was shifted to right for illustration purposes. Compared with the dash line (straight line) right next to it, the volumetric strain is slightly bended during loading. (b) The sample shows a less than 2GPa increase in the tangent modulus (black line). The slope of volumetric strain (grey line) slightly increased its value during loading. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-sandstone-sample-csa-c1-a-the-residual-axial-1swx3h8c.png Figure 6. The sandstone sample CSA C1. (a) The residual axial strain of 1 st cycle is very small (~12 microstrains). The volumetric strain is a straight line. (b) The sample shows a 12GPa decrease in the tangent modulus during 1 st loading. The source of decrease is expected to be sliding, because the decrease started at the beginning of loading. The slope of volumetric strain (grey line) is unchanged. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-carton-graphs-show-how-the-compaction-f54fqeyj.png Figure 7. The carton graphs show how the compaction phenomenon was formed. First, at the process of extracting core/sample out of underground, the confinement was removed and the crack opened. Second, the core/sample was subjected to a load at the direction of interest. The load leads to the process of crack closure, and in consequence some asperities at the inner crack surface would be crushed. The crack with crushed inner surface may not be able to fully re-open when the applied load is removed; hence the permanent irreversible strain was formed and indistinct from the irreversible strain causing by sliding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-small-unloading-cycle-white-arrow-shows-higher-2snb0xl9.png Figure 1. The small unloading cycle (white arrow) shows higher modulus than loading cycle while the tangent modulus increases at whole loading process (after [21]). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-the-cross-type-strain-gauges-were-glued-at-the-4-15cz0ins.png Figure 3. (a) The cross type strain gauges were glued at the 4 spots shown in the graph. (b) A typical stress path of constant loading/unloading rate (sample CSA C1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-3-main-stages-in-a-theoretical-volumetric-syzr4rc2.png Figure 2. The 3 main stages in a theoretical volumetric strain curve: crack closure, perfect elastic deformation, and fracture propagation [25]. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-acclimation-endosymbionts-and-diet-on-the-2zhcrcjc47 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-different-m-pygmaeus-i6cpwgnb.png Table 1 Characteristics of the different M. pygmaeus populations tested: infection status (infected with or cured of endosymbionts) and diet offered (E. kuehniella eggs or artificial egg yolk diet) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-scp-of-non-acclimated-m-pygmaeus-males-and-39m2uuq8.png Table 3 Mean SCP of (non)-acclimated M. pygmaeus males and females, cured from or infected with endosymbionts and fed with E. kuehniella eggs or an artificial egg yolk diet https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-four-way-anova-results-indicating-the-effect-of-3t7b9s17.png Table 2 Four-way ANOVA results indicating the effect of acclimation, diet, endosymbionts and gender on SCP of M. pygmaeus https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-influence-of-acclimation-white-non-acclimated-grey-1vfo6l9x.png Fig. 1 Influence of acclimation (white = non-acclimated, grey = acclimated), endosymbionts (white = infected, grey = cured) and diet (white = E. kuehniella eggs, grey = egg yolk diet) on the SCP of M. pygmaeus males (m) and females (f). Within each factor, graph bars (means ± SE) with the same letter are not significantly different (P[0.05; Tukey test) https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-deuteration-and-turbulent-diffusion-on-the-28w23dspkt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fractionation-ratios-for-dco-n2d-dcn-dnc-nh2d-nd2h-ub6q0n0v.png Figure 3. Fractionation ratios for DCO+, N2D+, DCN, DNC, NH2D, ND2H, HDCO, and D2CO (from top left to bottom right, respectively) for diffusion coefficients of K = 0, 1021, and 1023 cm2 s−1 (red solid, green dotted, and blue dashed lines, respectively). All plots show results for model 1 at t = 1 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-atomic-d-h-ratio-as-a-function-of-visual-xks5180d.png Figure 11. Atomic D/H ratio as a function of visual extinction into the cloud for diffusion coefficients of K = 0, 1018, 1021, and 1023 cm2 s−1 (red solid, yellow dotted, green dashed, and blue dot-dashed lines, respectively). The results shown are for model 2 at t = 1 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-atomic-d-h-ratio-for-static-i-e-no-diffusion-1sarqvaz.png Figure 10. Atomic D/H ratio for static (i.e., no diffusion) versions of models 1 (blue, dashed) and 2 (red, solid), both at t = 1 Myr. The top plot shows the radial dependence of the D/H ratio and the bottom plot shows its variation as a function of visual extinction into the cloud. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-electron-fractional-abundances-for-diffusion-lqdqfje2.png Figure 4. Electron fractional abundances for diffusion coefficients of K = 0, 1021, and 1023 cm2 s−1 (red solid, green dotted, and blue dashed lines, respectively). The results for model 1 are shown in the top plot and those for model 2 in the bottom, both at t = 1 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fractional-abundance-of-co-both-in-the-gas-phase-3ubwwksl.png Figure 5. Fractional abundance of CO, both in the gas phase and on grain surfaces (referred to as GCO), for diffusion coefficients of K = 0, 1021, and 1023 cm2 s−1 (red solid, green dotted, and blue dashed lines, respectively). The results shown are for model 2 at t = 1 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fractional-abundances-of-h-3-h2d-and-d2h-for-2iiobw5c.png Figure 6. Fractional abundances of H+3 , H2D +, and D2H+ for diffusion coefficients of K = 0, 1021, and 1023 cm2 s−1 (red solid, green dotted, and blue dashed lines, respectively). The results shown are for model 2 at t = 1 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-compilation-of-observed-galactic-d-h-ratios-3cumjkpd.png Table 4 Compilation of Observed Galactic [D]/[H] Ratios https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-compilation-of-observed-galactic-hd-2-h2-ratios-1b8x3cbe.png Table 5 Compilation of Observed Galactic [HD]/2[H2] Ratios https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-obesity-on-the-recurrence-of-cancer-in-her-3uih06ynu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-characteristics-by-body-mass-index-bmi-31xh36m5.png Table 1. Patient characteristics by body mass index (BMI) category https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-univariate-model-results-for-recurrence-free-212rlebp.png Table 2. Univariate model results for recurrence free survival https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cox-regression-analysis-results-for-recurrence-free-iqwaa0vu.png Table 3. Cox regression analysis results for recurrence free survival https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-organisational-changes-on-cost-efficiency-2uo1phzrs3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-the-principles-underlying-sfa-with-1yxzmogg.png Figure 1. Illustration of the principles underlying SFA with a single output. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-variables-affecting-inefficiency-deviation-from-11agc63v.png Table 4. Variables affecting inefficiency (deviation from frontier). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-variables-affecting-the-cost-frontier-420fe4em.png Table 3. Variables affecting the cost frontier. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-shows-the-average-cost-per-inhabitant-in-2012-for-1gz1cjaa.png Table 1 shows the average cost per inhabitant in 2012 for small, medium, and large-sized municipalities.3 As can be expected, the number of turnouts and fires per 1000 inhabitants also differs among municipalities. In the larger municipalities, the standard is to have full-time firefighters or a mix of full-time and part-time firefighters. In the smaller municipalities, the proportion of part-time firefighters is higher than in the larger ones (see Table 1). Full-time firefighters have in general https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-means-of-key-variables-divided-on-3pdim3xp.png Table 1 shows the average cost per inhabitant in 2012 for small, medium, and large-sized municipalities.3 As can be expected, the number of turnouts and fires per 1000 inhabitants also differs among municipalities. In the larger municipalities, the standard is to have full-time firefighters or a mix of full-time and part-time firefighters. In the smaller municipalities, the proportion of part-time firefighters is higher than in the larger ones (see Table 1). Full-time firefighters have in general https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-mineralization-on-intratrabecular-stress-4kr1d40242 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-equivalent-strain-and-stress-3pr7ai1z.png TABLE 2. Equivalent strain and stress. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-degree-of-mineralization-dmb-in-39u085b9.png FIGURE 2. Distribution of degree of mineralization (DMB) in fetal (n = 4) and newborn (n = 4) trabecular bone specimens. (a) frequency distributions. Note the increase in average DMB from fetal to newborn (b) Distribution from the surface of trabecular elements (layer 1) to their cores (fetal: layer 7; newborn: layer 9). The error bars represent the standard deviation between the specimens in a specific group (fetal or newborn) for a peeled off layer. Layer 1 was omitted in calculations of average values and histograms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-equivalent-strain-in-fetal-n-4-and-jofk1rof.png FIGURE 3. Distribution of equivalent strain in fetal (n = 4) and newborn (n = 4) specimens. The histograms do not contain surface voxels. (a) frequency distributions. Note the similarity between fetal and newborn specimens and the difference between the models. (b) Frontal cross-section of the cubic volume of interest of a newborn specimen. Note the decreasing trend of the equivalent strain from the trabecular surfaces to the cores (inset). (c) Three-dimensional distribution from the surface of fetal trabecular elements (layer 1) to their core (layer 7). (d) Three-dimensional distribution from the surface of newborn trabecular elements (layer 1) to their core (layer 9). The error bars represent the standard deviation between the specimens in a specific group (fetal or newborn) for a peeled off layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fe-model-and-boundary-conditions-shown-for-a-27o02gv9.png FIGURE 1. FE model and boundary conditions shown for a newborn mandible. (a) lateral view of a microCT reconstruction of a newborn pig mandible. (b) Sagittal cross-section of the mandibular condyle. The red square indicates the approximate location of the selected volume of interest. (c) Trabecular bone cube used for vertical compression simulation. Blue arrows: prescribed displacement on the top face. Red arrows: the displacements of nodes at the vertical surfaces were suppressed in the direction normal to the face. Black hatching: the bottom surface was fixed. Bar: 1.0 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-equivalent-stress-in-fetal-n-4-and-2n5fez8z.png FIGURE 4. Distribution of equivalent stress in fetal (n = 4) and newborn (n = 4) specimens. (a) frequency distributions. Note the difference between fetal and newborn specimens and the difference between the models. (b) Frontal cross-section of the cubic volume of interest of a newborn specimen. Note the increasing trend of the equivalent stress from the trabecular surfaces to the cores (inset). (c) Three-dimensional distribution from the surface of fetal trabecular elements (layer 1) to their core (layer 7). (d) Three-dimensional distribution from the surface of newborn trabecular elements (layer 1) to their core (layer 9). The error bars represent the standard deviation between the specimens in a specific group (fetal or newborn) for a peeled off layer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frequency-distributions-of-the-principal-strain-10cpkbs4.png FIGURE 5. Frequency distributions of the principal strain with the largest magnitude for fetal (n = 4) and newborn (n = 4) specimens. (a) inhomogeneous models. (b) homogeneous models. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-architectural-variables-of-the-trabecular-bone-in-3f56bq3x.png TABLE 1. Architectural variables of the trabecular bone in the condyle. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-poly-ethylene-glycol-on-the-micelle-3gtcs1a0dv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-micelle-model-used-for-the-molecular-thermodynamic-3rnekjkk.png Fig. 5 Micelle model used for the molecular thermodynamic modeling of the free energy of micelle formation, gmic (see Section 3.2). The ellipsoidal shape (oblate spheroid) is motivated by SAXS experiments46 and the parameters a and b characterizing the size of the micellar core as well as d determining the thickness of the layer of headgroups are inferred from these experiments. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-titration-curves-of-the-ans-but1z0tc.png Fig. 1 Representative titration curves of the ANS fluorescence intensity IANS (A) and the pyrene I1/I3-fluorescence ratio (B) versus total detergent concentration for C12G2 in 100 mM PIPES (pH 7.0) and 5 mM CaCl2. The straight lines illustrate the extrapolation procedures to determine the CMC discussed in the text (Section 3.1). The sigmoidal curve in B is a fit of the experimental data points to eqn (2) to determine the parameter x1 that is identified with the CMC of the detergent and equals the value CANS determined with ANS as indicated in A. The parameter x0 is the inflection point of the sigmoid, and x2 is of interest for membrane protein solubilization as discussed in Section 4.2 (see also Fig. 7). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-used-to-relate-the-effect-of-peg2000-on-3eni7nhg.png Table 1 Parameters used to relate the effect of PEG2000 on the CMC of CnG2, represented by the polymer constant kP, to the effect on the surface tension of detergent-free buffer solutions https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-scavengers-on-voc-emissions-in-5frnj08e1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tvocs-total-volatile-organic-compounds-emitted-from-xh9bt53t.png Fig. 3 TVOCs (total volatile organic compounds) emitted from the boards produced https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-amount-of-voc-aldehydes-and-acids-emissions-from-2f8a1t8l.png Fig. 2 Amount of VOC (aldehydes and acids) emissions from boards made from poplar https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-amount-of-voc-aldehydes-acids-terpenes-and-terpenoids-wqn7qdjh.png Fig. 1 Amount of VOC (aldehydes, acids, terpenes and terpenoids) emissions from boards made from Maritime pine (Pinus Pinaster Ait.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-religion-on-grocery-shoppers-behavioural-56qwlx624l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-shows-the-results-of-one-way-anova-investigating-1re3094y.png Table 3 shows the results of one-way ANOVA investigating differences in behavioural intention factors and religious affiliation. The test statistics for complaint intention (F = 13.78) indicates a significant difference at p < 0.01 level. Thus, H2 was supported. Multiple comparisons show that there were significant differences in complaint intention between Hindus and Muslims (p < 0.001) and Muslims and Catholics (p < 0.001). No support was found for H4 and H6. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-silanisation-on-the-mechanical-and-4omn5f574o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specific-surface-area-for-ha-powders-obtained-from-d4twowwv.png Table 1: Specific surface area for HA powders obtained from the BET https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weight-fraction-of-filler-in-the-composites-2ziwu2iq.png Table 2: Weight fraction of filler in the composites https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factors-affecting-silanisation-and-type-of-38g5r4ki.png Table 3: Factors affecting silanisation and type of silanisation observed (C= Chemisorbed; M=Mixed (Chemisorbed & Physisorbed); P= Physisorbed silane) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-shows-typical-tga-graphs-for-bound-chemisorbed-fbnah7ig.png Fig. 1(a) shows typical TGA graphs for bound (chemisorbed) silane with a peak at around 320°C which is associated with silane bonded to the surface of the substrate (indicated by the red arrow). (Karabela and Sideridou, 2011). The peak is observed for each silane type and condition (10wt% MPTMS reaction time 1 hour, 10wt% APTMS reaction time 1 hour and 10wt%APTMS reaction time 3 hours) tested. The silane bonded on the surface of the HA in this study were hydrogen bonded since the aqueous solvent method results in hydrogen bonded silane molecules . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-water-absorption-and-mass-loss-for-composites-18byz6km.png Fig. 3: (a) Water absorption and mass loss for composites containing silanised uncalcined HA (b) Water absorption and mass loss for composites containing silanised calcined in air HA up to day 21 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-e-of-silanised-samples-29k5g6t8.png Table 4: E’ of silanised samples https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-so2-on-the-tolerable-water-content-to-avoid-3zutiepggo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sem-images-of-the-x65-corroded-samples-exposed-to-ybn48zfb.png Figure 3: SEM images of the X65 corroded samples exposed to under-saturated and water-saturated CO2 at 35°C and 80 bar for 48 614 hours in the presence of various concentrations of impurities; (a)-(c) 0 ppm SO2 and 0 ppm O2 in the presence of 700, 1770 and 3437 615 ppm (water-saturated) water, respectively; (d)-(f) 50 ppm SO2 and 20 ppm O2 in the presence of 700, 1770 and 3437 ppm (water-616 saturated) water, respectively; (g)-(i) 100 ppm SO2 and 20 ppm O2 in the presence of 700, 1770 and 3437 ppm (water-saturated) water, 617 respectively618 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-xrd-spectra-of-samples-exposed-to-water-saturated-1x4z8edb.png Figure 4: XRD spectra of samples exposed to water-saturated CO2 phase at 35°C and 620 80 bar containing different concentration levels of SO2 (0, 50 and 100 ppm) and O2 (0 621 and 20 ppm) impurities 622 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-typical-performance-values-for-removal-of-flue-gas-30oyywbc.png Table 2: Typical performance values for removal of flue gas components by SOx, NOx 594 and CO2 control systems – adapted from Lee et al.[10] and Cole et al.[32] 595 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-elemental-composition-of-x65-steel-wt-598-29d4ppjo.png Table 3: Elemental composition of X65 steel (wt.%) 598 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-critical-water-content-at-which-0-1-mm-year-wjbjayv1.png Figure 9: Critical water content at which 0.1 mm/year corrosion rate is reached from 647 the perspective of general and localised corrosion for X65 steel. Conditions are 35°C 648 and 80 bar in supercritical CO2 for 48 hours. 649 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-surface-plots-to-indicate-the-variation-of-a-18p2klbk.png Figure 8: Surface plots to indicate the variation of (a) general and (b) pitting/localised 643 corrosion rates as a function of SO2 and water content. All tests were performed at 644 35°C and 80 bar. 645 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dynamis-co2-quality-recommendations-and-alstom-co2-30wprnbz.png Table 4: DYNAMIS CO2 quality recommendations and Alstom CO2 quality tolerances 600 (the reasons behind each limitation is also provided) 601 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-test-matrix-for-corrosion-experiments-603-brn4ay52.png Table 5: Test matrix for corrosion experiments 603 https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-stratification-and-nonlocal-turbulent-1a77u1dz1r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-estimates-of-the-local-tke-balance-where-shear-22ohmwiq.png FIG. 8. Estimates of the local TKE balance where shear production P plus buoyancy production B are plotted against the dissipation rate «. The dashed line represents local balance where P 1 B 5 «. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-of-the-observed-ratio-of-momentum-flux-to-16w54vf3.png FIG. 14. Comparison of the observed ratio of momentum flux to TKE as a function of (a) deviation from local TKE balance [(P 1 B)/«] for all data where the gradient Richardson number Ri is less than 0.1 and (b) gradient Richardson number for all data where the local TKE balance is satisfied to within 20%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-estimates-of-the-tke-balance-for-stratified-ozmidov-2zdm002v.png FIG. 13. Estimates of the TKE balance for stratified Ozmidov-limited conditions. The sum of shear production and buoyancy flux is compared to (a) the observed dissipation rate and (b) the corrected dissipation rate after applying a correction for the potential influence of the vertical divergence in turbulent TKE transport [Eq. (B7)]. The solid line is the best-fit least squares regression to the log-transformed data with the regression slope and 95% confidence interval. The dashed line represents (P1 B)5 «. In applying (B7), it is assumed that Rif 5 0.2 and hsl 5 1.5 m. Only data where reliable estimates of the interfacial stress were obtained are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-evolution-of-salinity-field-spanning-the-ebb-tide-rfu1qhdr.png FIG. 3. Time evolution of salinity field spanning the ebb tide, observed at the western anchor station on 13 May 2007. Contour interval is 2 psu. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-estimates-of-ozmidov-scale-lo-vs-turbulent-length-3gh08wkj.png FIG. 6. Estimates of Ozmidov scale LO vs turbulent length scale estimated from vertical velocity spectra LW where each quantity has been normalized by boundary layer scaling LBL. The horizontal black line represents the limit of boundary layer scaling (LW 5 LBL), and the diagonal black line represents the limit of Ozmidov scaling (LW 5 LO). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-large-scale-anisotropy-a-plotted-as-a-function-of-a-1heezyi0.png FIG. 7. Large-scale anisotropy A plotted as a function of (a) gradient Richardson number Ri; (b) nondimensional stratification; and (c) nondimensional shear. Gray triangles are used to denote Ozmidovlimited conditions, and black circles represent boundary-limited conditions. In (a), the dashed vertical line indicates Ri 5 0.25, which appears to represent the threshold beyond which there is a rapid increase in anisotropy. The dashed horizontal line indicates the suggested anisotropy for unstratified boundary layer conditions (A 5 5.5) following Turner (1973). Black and gray lines in (b) and (c) represent regressions fit to the boundary-limited and Ozmidov-limited data, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-average-profiles-of-quantities-estimated-during-12rkrwo6.png FIG. 12. Average profiles of quantities estimated during Ozmidov-limited shear layer conditions including (a) velocity; (b) stress; (c) buoyancy flux B, shear production P, and dissipation «; and (d) the ratio (P 1 B)/«. The vertical coordinate system has been transformed so that z 5 0 at the center of the shear layer. All quantities are then averaged over equally spaced intervals of zsl/hsl, where hsl is assumed constant and equal to 1.5 m. Only data where LO , LBL are considered. Solid black lines represent the assumed analytic forms derived in appendix B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-estimates-of-the-local-tke-balance-for-unstratified-3cans728.png FIG. 11. Estimates of the local TKE balance for unstratified data. Shear production is compared to (a) the observed dissipation rate and (b) the corrected dissipation rate after applying a correction for the potential influence of the vertical divergence in turbulent TKE transport [Eq. (A5)]. The solid line is the best-fit least squares regression to the log-transformed data with the regression slope and 95% confidence interval. The dashed line represents P 5 «. https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-train-type-car-weight-and-train-length-on-38wgo9aqdi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-analysis-matrix-for-mu-trains-1is2vqzt.png Table 4. Analysis Matrix for MU Trains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-maximum-crashworthy-speed-as-a-function-of-car-3rwywq4j.png Figure 8. Maximum Crashworthy speed as a function of car length for MU trains https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-analysis-matrix-for-mu-trains-with-varying-lengths-207cx6u2.png Table 5. Analysis Matrix for MU trains with varying lengths https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-crashworthy-speed-as-a-function-of-car-weight-for-4-8bqqjvvm.png Figure 7. Crashworthy speed as a function of car weight, for 4, 6, and 8 car conventional and CEM trains https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-force-crush-curve-for-a-conventional-train-22g3p98c.png Figure 1. Force/Crush Curve for a Conventional Train https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-view-schematic-of-passenger-car-structure-1wp4ezyg.png Figure 2. Top View Schematic of Passenger Car Structure https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-crashworthy-speed-as-a-function-of-train-length-35zsr7yr.png Figure 10. Crashworthy speed as a function of train length and car weight for a MU train https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-effect-of-car-weight-on-crashworthy-speed-for-1niyqbux.png Figure 9. The Effect of car weight on crashworthy speed for an MU train https://scispace.com/papers/the-influence-of-wages-on-public-officials-corruptibility-a-2atxrn51d7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-motivations-for-transfer-acceptance-c5v5p68j.png Table 1: motivations for transfer acceptance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fraction-of-accepted-transfers-1bkf13xw.png Figure 3: fraction of accepted transfers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-importance-of-charity-in-transfer-acceptance-1z2axp18.png Table 3: importance of charity in transfer acceptance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-incidence-of-transfers-and-b-choices-he164o8n.png Figure 2: incidence of transfers and B choices https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-transfer-acceptance-rates-3pw1urjf.png Table 2: overview of transfer acceptance rates https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fraction-of-b-choices-v54vchaa.png Figure 4: fraction of B choices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-experimental-game-tree-zzi0gr5v.png Figure 1: the experimental game tree https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transfer-acceptance-rate-with-and-without-3p7hu8v8.png Figure 5: transfer acceptance rate with and without monitoring https://scispace.com/papers/the-interaction-among-multiple-governance-mechanisms-in-2prtm3c3qh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-following-table-lists-the-summary-statistics-for-v92v9b7l.png Table 2 The following table lists the summary statistics for governance characteristics of the entire sample of 109 firms and for each subsample by firm fate https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-fixed-effects-regressions-for-firms-that-went-public-7fp2gp02.png Table 3 Fixed effects regressions for firms that went public between 1979 and 1986 and were under three years old at the time of going public https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-fixed-effects-regressions-for-young-firms-that-were-3jilaaxm.png Table 5 Fixed effects regressions for young firms that were acquired within 11 years of going public between 1979 and 1986 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fixed-effects-regressions-for-young-firms-that-1xoukre9.png Table 4 Fixed effects regressions for young firms that survived for 11 years after going public between 1979 and 1986 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-following-table-lists-the-summary-statistics-for-1r974g6e.png Table 1 The following table lists the summary statistics for accounting measures and other control variables of the entire sample of 109 firms and for each subsample by firm fate https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-fixed-effects-regressions-for-young-firms-that-went-19yk1sbp.png Table 6 Fixed effects regressions for young firms that went bankrupt within 11 years of going public between 1979 and 1986 https://scispace.com/papers/the-inpharma-technique-for-pharmacophore-mapping-a-4krjq64ftz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dependence-on-the-koff-k1off-k2off-of-the-intensity-of-1dttf778.png Fig. 5. Dependence on the koff = k1off = k2off of the intensity of the INPHARMA NOE between proton H1 of L1 and proton H1 of L2 binding a cubic receptor with seven protons per dimension, as shown in Fig. 2B. The curve was calculated assuming the kineticmodel 1. Other parameters are sm = 500 ms, scT = 20 ns, scA = scB = 0.1 ns, field strength = 800 MHz, d = 2.5 Å, [T]tot = 50 lM, [L1]tot = [L2]tot = 500 lM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-dependence-on-the-mixing-time-sm-of-the-intensity-of-282xp5pa.png Fig. 6. Dependence on the mixing time sm of the intensity of the INPHARMA NOE between proton H1 of L1 and proton H1 of L2 binding a cubic receptor with seven protons per dimension, for different k1off/k2off ratios. The curves were calculated assuming the kinetic model 1 and k2off = 1 kHz. Other parameters are as in Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-dependence-on-the-mixing-time-sm-of-the-inpharma-noe-oaw7t7v5.png Fig. 7. (A) Dependence on the mixing time sm of the INPHARMA NOE between proton H1 for k1off/k2off = 1 (full line) and k1off/k2off = 10 (circles). The curves were calculated assu [T]tot = 50 lM, [L1]tot = [L2]tot = 500 lM (full); [T]tot = 50 lM, [L1]tot = [L2]tot = 500 lM (circ multiplied by [L1]910/[L1]500 with [L1]910 and [L1]500 being the equilibrium concentrations for the higher initial magnetization of L1 by which the INPHARMA NOE intensity is norma the concentrations that compensate differences in the off rates give the largest INPHARM other concentrations are optimal. (B and C) Contour plots of the INPHARMA NOE intens k2off = 10. The total concentration of the two ligands [L1]tot + [L2]tot is constant (1 mM). Th [L1]tot = 500 lM for comparison. (B) Transfer from proton H1 of L1 to proton H1 of L2; s parameters are scA = scB = 0.1 ns, field strength = 800 MHz, d = 2.5 Å, [T]tot = 50 lM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-representation-of-the-principle-of-the-bsgctjiw.png Fig. 1. (A) Schematic representation of the principle of the INPHARMA NOEs. At the beginning of the NOESY mixing time L1 binds to the receptor and its proton HL1 transfers magnetization to the proton of the receptor HT. Being L1 a weak binder, it dissociates from the receptor during the NOESY mixing time and leaves the binding pocket free for L2 to occupy it. At this point the magnetization deposited on HT from the HL1 proton can be transferred to the HL2 proton of L2. This process results in a spin-diffusion mediated NOE peak between HL1 and HL2 , depicted in (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-simplified-models-of-the-system-consisting-of-one-3lm9l7qk.png Fig. 2. Simplified models of the system consisting of one receptor (in black) and two competitively binding ligands (in gray and white). (A) Linear arrangement of the protons of both the receptor and the ligands; (B) linear arrangement for the protons of the ligands but cubic arrangement for the protons of the receptor. The ligands bind perpendicular to one face of the cube such that H3 is in the middle of this face. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dependence-on-the-mixing-time-sm-of-the-intensity-of-53teqv5e.png Fig. 8. Dependence on the mixing time sm of the intensity of the INPHARMA NOE betwe protons as shown in Fig. 2A. The size of the ligands is variable, with the dotted–dashed cu ligands consisting of H1 and H2 and the full curve for ligands consisting of H1, H2 and H3. concentrations of the species are [T]tot = 50 lM, [L1]tot = [L2]tot = 500 lM. Curves in (A) an https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-contour-plot-of-the-dependence-of-the-inpharma-noe-t5mhymbb.png Fig. 11. Contour plot of the dependence of the INPHARMA NOE between proton H1 of L1 and proton H1 of L2 binding a cubic receptor of size 73 on the sm (x axis) and on the fraction of bound ligand [TL1]/[L1]0 (y axis). The curves were calculated assuming the kinetic model 1. Other parameters are scT = 20 ns, scA = scB = 0.1 ns, field strength = 800 MHz, d = 2.5 Å, [L1]tot = [L2]tot = 500 lM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-dependence-on-the-mixing-time-sm-of-the-intensity-14ruvbgv.png Fig. 10. (A) Dependence on the mixing time sm of the intensity of the INPHARMA NOE b variable sc: 10 ns (sky blue), 20 ns (black), 40 ns (red), 80 ns (dark blue), 160 ns (purple INPHARMA NOE intensity in dependence of the sm (x axis) and of the sc of the receptor [T]tot = 50 lM, [L1]tot = [L2]tot = 500 lM. https://scispace.com/papers/the-international-mobility-of-the-super-rich-2v5i3iwstv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-determinants-of-the-international-mobility-of-the-jvt5btvk.png Table 1. Determinants of the International Mobility of the Ultra-Wealthy. https://scispace.com/papers/the-internal-proper-motions-of-stars-in-the-open-cluster-m35-5bk2851rep 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-m35-proper-motions-akb8z1qk.png Table 1 M35 Proper Motions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-roughly-linear-relation-exists-between-the-37lymrpi.png Figure 5. Roughly linear relation exists between the estimated values of the distance and age of M35. This figure shows that relation based on the values provided in Kalirai et al. (2003). The dynamical M35 distance of 762 pc implies an age of about 133 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-panel-shows-the-distribution-of-the-number-of-2dcrs524.png Figure 1. Top panel shows the distribution of the number of measurements available for the M35 stars in the HST FGS data base. The bottom panel shows the histogram of the epoch differences for these stars. Every few years several orbits of HST time are devoted to FGS measurements of M35 as part of this instrument’s calibration process. These figures illustrate the highly non-uniform nature of the M35 data base. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-m35-proper-motions-shows-a-well-k84wp7j0.png Figure 3. Distribution of M35 proper motions shows a well-defined concentration at zero proper motion. This reflects the fact that the proper motions were computed using cluster stars as reference objects. Stars located outside this central region are field stars. Several stars measured by the FGS in the region of M35 are field stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-m35-color-magnitude-diagram-for-73-of-the-74-stars-3iok3mac.png Figure 2. M35 color–magnitude diagram for 73 of the 74 stars for which proper motions will be determined. This figure indicates that several of these stars are likely to be field stars based on their location in this figure. The solid line is the zero-age main sequence taken from Allen (1976), reddened by E(B − V ) = 0.20, and scaled to a distance of 805 pc (Geller et al. 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-23rbu40p.png Table 1 M35 Proper Motions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-distribution-of-our-sample-m35-stars-in-the-2aqnfp6b.png Figure 4. Distribution of our sample M35 stars in the cluster’s color–magnitude diagram. Solid circles represent stars used to compute the cluster’s proper motion dispersions. Open circles represent stars that did not have more than 55 observations, had anomalous motions, or larger than expected proper motion errors. Crosses represent non members. The accuracy of the internal motion dispersions could be improved if additional observations of the open circle stars were obtained. https://scispace.com/papers/the-interplay-of-angle-strain-and-aromaticity-molecular-and-4ko66jxvjv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-band-structures-of-0n-paracyclophane-with-a-1etqqcvt.png Figure 2 Band structures of [0n]paracyclophane with (a) quinonoid and (b) benzenoid structures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-views-of-the-structure-of-c70-note-the-saffron-37y4pmjk.png Figure 1 Two views of the structure of C70 . Note the saffron colored belt of five hexagons holding together two corannulene skeletons https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-calculated-heats-of-formation-kcal-mol-1-and-total-5cij9f37.png Table 1 Calculated heats of formation (kcal mol-1) and total energies (negative Hartree) of 1a and 1b. Relative energies (kcal mol-1) of rotamers 1ar and 1br are given in parentheses https://scispace.com/papers/the-international-multidimensional-fertility-index-the-1czw5d561w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-weights-applied-to-each-variable-1qrrbeqs.png Table 3. Weights applied to each variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-variables-used-for-the-cognt6g1.png Table 1. Summary Statistics of variables used for the computation of the International Multidimensional Fertility Index https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ranking-of-countries-according-to-the-international-bt3bulhz.png Table 4. Ranking of countries according to the International Multidimensional Fertility Index https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-four-dimensions-of-the-s6t3baqc.png Figure 1. Comparison of the four dimensions of the International Multidimensional Fertility Index https://scispace.com/papers/the-involvement-of-smac-diablo-p53-nf-kb-and-mapk-pathways-vvcjo2e25b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-western-blot-analysis-of-nf-kb-p53-erk-p38-and-smac-etillmh5.png FIG. 5. Western blot analysis of NF-kB, p53, ERK, p38, and Smac=DIABLO in keratinocytes from perilesional vitiligo skin. Curcumin and capsaicin inhibit NF-kB nuclear translocation, p53 accumulation, p38, and Smac=DIABLO activation and promote ERK phosphorylation. To investigate the relationships among these pathways Bay 11-7082 (NF-kB inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 kinase inhibitor), PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) were used. Cap, capsaicin-treated perilesional keratinocytes, Cur, curcumin-treated perilesional keratinocytes, Unt, untreated perilesional keratinocytes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cytotoxic-effect-of-antioxidants-a-dose-dependent-2zei27i3.png FIG. 1. Cytotoxic effect of antioxidants. (A) Dose-dependent measures of LDH release in the presence of increasing concentrations of curcumin and capsaicin. Concentration of curcumin higher than 30mM are toxic to the cells. Capsaicin is found to be nontoxic over the entire range of concentrations probed. (B) Mitochondrial activity in antioxidant-treated keratinocytes from perilesional vitiligo skin, as evaluated using the MTT test. Values are expressed as % vs untreated keratinocytes from perilesional skin. The reported values (means s.d.) are representative of four independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. *Significant difference (p 0.05) vs. untreated perilesional keratinocytes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-quantitative-evaluation-of-total-antioxidant-capacity-2x4k47ue.png FIG. 2. Quantitative evaluation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (A) and 8-isoprostanes (B) in keratinocytes from healthy, perilesional, and lesional skin from vitiligo patients. The reported values (means s.d.) are representative of five independent experiments. *Significant difference (p 0.05) vs. untreated perilesional keratinocytes. #Significant difference (p 0.05) vs. curcumin-treated perilesional keratinocytes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-confocal-microscopy-and-flow-cytometry-analysis-of-2uvf2el6.png FIG. 3. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis of oxidative stress markers. (A) Confocal microscopy analysis of ROS production in keratinocytes from perilesional vitiligo skin. Curcumin and capsaicin suppress the emission of green fluorescence by H2DCFDA, which is also evident from flow cytometry analysis (C). Lipid peroxidation is investigated in keratinocytes from perilesional skin by confocal scanning microscopy (B) and flow cytometry analysis (D) using the fluorescent probe BODIPY. Treatments with antioxidants inhibit lipid peroxidation. (E) Quantitative analysis of ROS production and (F) lipoperoxidation by flow cytometry. The reported values (means s.d.) are representative of five independent experiments. *Significant difference (p 0.05) vs. untreated perilesional keratinocytes. #Significant difference (p 0.05) vs. curcumin-treated perilesional keratinocytes. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com=ars). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flow-cytometry-analysis-of-caspases-3-8-and-9-1ft8vlu4.png FIG. 6. Flow cytometry analysis of caspases-3, 8, and 9 activation in keratinocytes from perilesional vitiligo skin. Curcumin and capsaicin inhibit caspase-3 (A, D) and 9 activation (C, F), with curcumin treatment the most effective in attenuating this effect. Caspase-8 is also activated in perilesional cells (B, E), but to a lesser extent than caspase-3 and caspase-9. In this case, capsaicin shows better protection than curcumin. The reported values (means s.d.) are representative of five independent experiments. *Significant difference (p 0.05) vs. untreated perilesional keratinocytes. #Significant difference (p 0.05) vs. curcumin-treated perilesional keratinocytes. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com=ars). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mitochondrial-damage-confocal-analysis-of-igea87zw.png FIG. 4. Mitochondrial damage. Confocal analysis of mitochondrial superoxide (A) and mitochondrial membrane depolarization (B). Curcumin treatment inhibited mitochondrial superoxide production and restored mitochondrial membrane polarization. We also analyze mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (C) and mitochondrial membrane polarization by flow cytometry (D): curcumin results to be more protective when compared to capsaicin. (E) Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial membrane polarization and (F) mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening by flow cytometry. The reported values (means s.d.) are representative of five independent experiments. *Significant difference (p 0.05) vs. untreated perilesional keratinocytes. #Significant difference (p 0.05) vs. curcumin-treated perilesional keratinocytes. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertonline.com=ars). https://scispace.com/papers/the-irrelevant-speech-effect-and-the-level-of-interference-22jgl57b19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sample-display-of-the-star-counting-test-3dab0ppy.png Figure 1. Sample display of the Star Counting Test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mean-response-time-in-seconds-as-a-function-of-the-2lbfzw9p.png Figure 2. Mean response time (in seconds) as a function of the level of interference (LOI). Error bars indicate one standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-accuracy-number-of-correct-responses-and-okdpij3d.png Table 1. Mean accuracy (number of correct responses) and standard deviations https://scispace.com/papers/the-jcmt-transient-survey-identifying-submillimeter-3cw6bu3exd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-same-as-figure-1-for-the-orion-a-and-b-molecular-2dr3522v.png Figure 2. Same as Figure 1 for the Orion A and B Molecular Cloud fields. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-deviation-from-the-fcf-for-all-sources-brighter-2aogf9ls.png Figure 4. The deviation from the FCF for all sources brighter than 200 mJy beam−1 with radii< 10 in the Perseus (top) and Ophiuchus (bottom) Molecular Cloud fields. The ratios are plotted against their mean peak brightness, as measured across the Transient Survey. Points labeled with a “c” are chosen to be calibrators (Family members) in both the GBS and Transient Survey data independently. Each point is colored according to its association with YSOs (see text and legend). Dashed lines are drawn at±4 to highlight sources, defined to be significant outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-same-as-figure-10-but-showing-the-ngc-1333-field-1wouqknj.png Figure 11. Same as Figure 10, but showing the NGC 1333 field with its corresponding archival GBS field. The red (dashed) circle shows the NGC 1333-N GBS field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-transient-survey-field-ic-348-mosaicked-with-1qiyyh18.png Figure 10. The Transient Survey field IC 348 mosaicked with its corresponding archival GBS fields at 850 μm. The area of each observed GBS and Transient Survey field included in the mosaic is bounded by a circle. The solid black circle is the Transient Survey field. The red (dashed) circle shows the boundary of the IC 348-E GBS field. The green triangles represent the positions of known protostars taken from the Spitzer Space Telescope catalog of Dunham et al. (2015). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-same-as-figure-18-but-for-extended-variable-l0xmofms.png Figure 19. Same as Figure 18, but for Extended variable candidates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-associations-between-variable-candidate-and-ysos-3zqbcxub.png Table 3 Associations between Variable Candidate and YSOs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-same-as-figure-1-for-the-serpens-molecular-cloud-3fn6u1z9.png Figure 3. Same as Figure 1 for the Serpens Molecular Cloud fields. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-change-in-peak-brightness-divided-by-the-34x0a1h0.png Figure 8. The change in peak brightness divided by the difference between the average GBS and Transient Survey observation dates, normalized to the average Transient Survey peak brightness (( ḟ ftrans), Equation (6)). Strong variable candidates are indicated by blue circles. Extended variable candidates are indicated by magenta squares. All other sources are indicated by black diamonds. Variable candidates are intermixed with non-variable sources, as the detection sensitivity varies from field to field (see Table 5). https://scispace.com/papers/the-labor-supply-effects-of-the-social-security-earnings-11mzeb0diu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2b5vyqzz.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-2jhqp4oq.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-b-1991-92-3qlloi3o.png FIGURE 4-B 1991-92 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-1988-89-15wztgft.png FIGURE 4-B 1991-92 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-1woozq3z.png TABLE 7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1ckjwwwt.png TABLE 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gr6swwrk.png TABLE 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-earnings-test-27otly8u.png FIGURE 1: The Earnings Test https://scispace.com/papers/the-l1-stalk-is-required-for-efficient-export-of-nascent-53m445ka8z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-strains-used-in-this-study-2v0y9rq5.png TABLE 1. Strains used in this study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-plasmids-used-in-this-study-2l8vg9fv.png TABLE 2. Plasmids used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/the-landscape-of-viral-associations-in-human-cancers-1njy170kxo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-expression-of-ervs-a-heat-map-showing-the-expression-18lmy6xg.png Fig. 4 | Expression of ERVs. a, Heat map showing the expression of HERV across all tumor samples. HERV transcripts per million (TPM) were grouped by family and summed up. Hierarchical clustering was performed by family according to Manhattan distance with complete linkage after log2 transformation of HERV TPM expression values.(RCC, renal cell carcinoma). b, Fraction of active loci in the genome with a TPM > 0.2 plotted against the fraction of samples. c, TPM-based expression of the highly expressed HERVs ERV1 and ERVK across tumor types. n, number of analyzed tumor samples. https://scispace.com/papers/the-lasting-effect-of-civic-talk-on-civic-participation-5bqj98kmh5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-effect-of-civic-talk-on-civic-participation-3m77xkzw.png Table 1: The Effect of Civic Talk on Civic Participation (Regression Analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-explaining-the-lasting-effect-of-civic-talk-on-civic-2c0x6ig1.png Table 2: Explaining the Lasting Effect of Civic Talk on Civic Participation (Regression Analysis) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparing-the-effects-of-civic-talk-and-past-djoh35ol.png Figure 1: Comparing the Effects of Civic Talk and Past Participation on Civic Participation https://scispace.com/papers/the-large-hadron-collider-jhufm2m0eu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-lhc-and-lep2-design-beam-parameters-1ede52vs.png Table 1: Comparison of LHC and LEP2 design beam parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-length-circumference-bending-radius-r-and-beam-32o1iwgx.png Table 2: Length (circumference), bending radius ρ and beam momentum at injection of the main accelerators in the LHC injection chain. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-24-loss-maps-for-collimation-163fo33y.png Figure 24: Loss Maps for Collimation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-exploded-diagram-of-an-inter-magnet-bus-bar-o3ul839m.png Figure 19: Exploded Diagram of an inter-magnet bus-bar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-25-example-of-a-vertical-tune-and-chromaticity-2lcqyv9x.png Figure 25: Example of a vertical Tune and Chromaticity Measurements during the energy ramp, (the upper blue plot shows the modulation of the tune and from the peak to peak of the modulation the chromaticity is calculated and shown in the lower red plot) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-evolution-of-beam-performance-in-2010-nc-is-the-tsczpnoe.png Table 4: Evolution of beam performance in 2010 (nc is the number of bunches colliding). The main changes are highlighted with bold characters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-26-evolution-of-the-measured-r-m-s-orbit-deviation-3ltn11aj.png Figure 26: Evolution of the measured r.m.s orbit deviation during the energy ramp with (solid) and without (dashed line) orbit feedback. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-records-as-of-october-14-2011-33miejpw.png Table 7: Records as of October 14, 2011 https://scispace.com/papers/the-level-of-democracy-during-interregnum-periods-recoding-31blf5ua98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-replication-of-fearon-and-laitin-2003-and-robustness-2wiehj90.png Table 4. Replication of Fearon and Laitin (2003) and robustness tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlation-matrix-for-polity2-and-alternative-1mvuou4g.png Table 1. Correlation matrix for polity2 and alternative measures (N = 4519). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-goodness-of-fit-tests-between-out-of-sample-1pmgem2t.png Table 2. Goodness-of-Fit Tests between Out-of-Sample Predictions and Conventional Polity Scores (N varies) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-replication-of-krause-and-suzuki-2005-and-robustness-6p1rwuyj.png Table 5. Replication of Krause and Suzuki (2005) and robustness tests (Asia sample). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-goodness-of-fit-tests-between-out-of-sample-2f5k2rh2.png Table 3. Goodness-of-Fit Tests between Out-of-Sample Predictions and Rule-Based Imputations for Interregnum and Affected Transition Years (N = 39) https://scispace.com/papers/the-load-capability-of-piezoelectric-single-crystal-4pgoy9jsal 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-displacements-as-a-function-of-applied-ac-voltage-with-1ps5in2t.png Fig. 4. Displacements as a function of applied AC voltage with 300 V DC bias at different load https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-displacements-as-a-function-of-load-for-single-crystal-1z511gg0.png Fig. 3. Displacements as a function of load for single crystal stack actuator at different AC signal with 300 V DC bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-peak-to-peak-displacement-as-a-function-of-load-for-309t010y.png Fig. 6. Peak to peak displacement as a function of load for single crystal flextensional actuator at different AC (1 Hz) driving voltages with 200 V DC bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-displacements-as-a-function-of-applied-ac-voltage-at-m47hsftv.png Fig. 7. Displacements as a function of applied AC voltage at two different loads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-the-load-capability-test-setup-a-overall-2ysodnm5.png Fig. 1. Diagram of the load capability test setup. (a) Overall measurement setup and (b) detail of the mass set applied on the actuators during measurements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-piezoelectric-single-crystal-multilayer-stack-actuator-26zuo6p0.png Fig. 2. Piezoelectric single crystal multilayer stack actuator. (a) Diagram of the multilayer stack, and (b) picture of the multilayer stack actuator https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-flextensional-actuator-1w4mujgp.png Table 2. Parameters of flextensional actuator https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-piezoelectric-single-crystal-multilayer-stack-based-hgxlb3x0.png Fig. 5. Piezoelectric single crystal multilayer stack-based Flextensional actuator (a) Diagram of the actuator, and (b) picture of the real flextensional actuator. https://scispace.com/papers/the-limits-of-evaluating-sustainability-2j9sckjksu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-publications-at-the-sigchi-conference-series-with-3qz3cbrf.png Figure 2: Publications at the SIGCHI conference series with https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interdependence-of-human-centered-design-activities-bu2r1rij.png Figure 1: Interdependence of human-centered design activities (adapted from ISO 9241-210 [22]). https://scispace.com/papers/the-long-tail-thesis-conceptualizing-china-s-entrepreneurial-ylcc93vglm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-supply-chain-finance-2g00g4s2.png Figure 5 Illustration of supply chain finance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-customer-structure-on-pinduoduo-jingdong-and-taobao-26a4wl06.png Figure 3 Customer Structure on Pinduoduo, Jingdong, and Taobao https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-between-regular-evs-and-lsevs-fsa5xi94.png Table 1: A Comparison between Regular EVs and LSEVs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-number-of-electric-vehicles-in-circulation-3s86gbve.png Figure 6 Number of Electric Vehicles in Circulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-lsevs-produced-in-shandong-2uiwpthu.png Table 2. LSEVs Produced in Shandong https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-positioning-ltm-in-the-general-market-landscape-ec58inu0.png Figure 2 Positioning LTM in the General Market Landscape https://scispace.com/papers/the-link-between-social-cognition-and-self-referential-w4x5zmdi79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-peak-voxel-and-number-of-voxels-for-regions-of-3d9b2je2.png Table 3. Peak Voxel and Number of Voxels for Regions of Interest Obtained from the Contrast of Nonmentalizing > Mentalizing ( p < .05, corrected) https://scispace.com/papers/the-long-and-the-short-of-it-do-psychological-variables-11i7tdkfza 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-multiple-regression-analysis-2z3j0ff1.png Table 1. Results of the Multiple Regression Analysis https://scispace.com/papers/the-lower-stratospheric-response-to-11-yr-solar-forcing-dl3z5u0l9a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-annual-mean-solar-cycle-regression-coefficient-change-2id94qch.png FIG. 2. Annual mean solar cycle regression coefficient (change from solar minimum to maximum) for (a) SAGE II ozone profile data over the December 1984–August 2003 period and (b) ERA-40 reanalysis temperature data over the 1979–2001 period. Shaded areas are significant at the 2s (95% confidence) level. Note the different vertical scales. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-the-thick-line-is-calculated-using-4-together-with-1sfsj98d.png FIG. 8. (a) The thick line is calculated using (4) together with the deseasonalized monthly mean eddy heat flux data at 658N, 20 hPa shown in Fig. 7b, as described in the text. (b) 35-month smoothed deseasonalized eddy heat fluxes, also shown in Fig. 7c. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-linear-regression-results-for-djf-zonal-mean-20-hpa-1vnmmmon.png FIG. 11. Linear regression results for DJF zonal mean 20 hPa y9T9 deviations at 658N vs SLP deviations in the Gulf of Alaska region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-annual-mean-enso-regression-coefficients-for-a-sage-3lchdo3z.png FIG. 10. Annual mean ENSO regression coefficients for (a) SAGE II ozone over the 1985–2003 period and (b) ERA-40 temperature over the 1979–2001 period. The coefficients are expressed as the percentage change in ozone and the change in K, respectively, for a 21-unit change in the Niño-3.4 index. Shaded areas are statistically significant at the 2s level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-nh-winter-djf-solar-cycle-regression-coefficients-for-2qhnf7py.png FIG. 4. NH winter (DJF) solar cycle regression coefficients for (a) column ozone and (b) 50-hPa temperature. Format is as in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-as-in-fig-4-but-for-the-nh-summer-jja-season-f4ygge00.png FIG. 5. As in Fig. 4, but for the NH summer (JJA) season. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-annual-mean-solar-cycle-regression-coefficients-change-2mkwjchi.png FIG. 3. Annual mean solar cycle regression coefficients (change from solar minimum to maximum) for (a) column ozone using version 8 TOMS/SBUV data over the 1979–2009 period and (b) 50-hPa temperature using NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data over the same time period. Shaded regions indicate statistical significance at the 2s level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-time-series-of-monthly-mean-eddy-heat-flux-at-658n-20-3a71223k.png FIG. 7. Time series of monthly mean eddy heat flux at 658N, 20 hPa, calculated from daily NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data: (a) monthly means, (b) deviations from long-term monthly means, and (c) result of applying a 35-month boxcar filter to the deseasonalized monthly means. https://scispace.com/papers/the-long-term-sand-crab-study-phenology-geographic-size-10xil5jmsy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sampling-effort-number-of-10-m-transects-dug-at-171o9ofx.png Table 1. Sampling effort. Number of 10-m transects dug at South Padre Island, Texas, during each month of the study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-lepidopa-benedicti-has-a-discontinuous-distribution-2bc7dff4.png Figure 1. Lepidopa benedicti has a discontinuous distribution on the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Distribution of L. benedicti, based on data from Boyko (2002); one site shown for each U.S. county or parish. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-new-orange-colour-morph-of-lepidopa-benedicti-a-b-qhicfko8.png Figure 5. A new orange colour morph of Lepidopa benedicti. (A), (B) Orange individuals next to more common grey and white morphs. Individual in (B) is same individual shown in (C), (D), but different from (A). (C) Close-up of ocular peduncles, showing typical eyespot pigmentation. (D) Ventral view of orange individual, showing typical white colour of exoskeleton; compare to Figure 1C in Nasir and Faulkes (2011). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sand-crabs-of-difference-species-are-not-16v6vjp8.png Figure 4. Sand crabs of difference species are not consistently different sizes in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. (A) Lepidopa benedicti, this study, matching sex and month. (B) Lepidopa websteri. (C) Abunea gibbesii. (D) Albunea catherinae. Data for (B)–(D) are from Boyko (2002). Mean ¼ dot; median ¼ horizontal line; box¼ 50% of data; whiskers¼ 95% of data; crosses¼minimum and maximum. Note differences in Y axis scale. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-largest-lepidopa-benedicti-are-typically-female-p3wt24u9.png Figure 3. The largest Lepidopa benedicti are typically female. (A) Males. (B) Females. Excludes young of the year (i.e. those less than 5 mm in carapace length). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lepidopa-benedicti-population-size-and-composition-2mxzdt6k.png Figure 2. Lepidopa benedicti population size and composition varies over a year, despite living in the South Texas region, which experiences moderate seasonal climate changes. (A) Average monthly abundance over 5 years. Months that share a letter are not statistically different from each other (Tukey’s post-hoc test). (B) Average abundance for each month. (C) Average monthly sex ratio over 5 years. (D) Reproduction. Average monthly proportion of young of the year (i.e. individuals with carapace length less than 5 mm) over 5 years. Each triangle represents one ovigerous female collected during this study. https://scispace.com/papers/the-macroeconomic-effects-of-fiscal-rules-in-the-us-states-3qdunwr7sa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-does-fiscal-policy-affect-business-cycles-log-syi-a-1qgg6e4n.png Table 7. Does Fiscal Policy Affect Business Cycles? log(σyi ) = α+ λ ′ Pi + δ′Xi + νi https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-do-budget-rules-affect-policy-responsiveness-bi-a-l-2q93l6qe.png Table 5. Do Budget Rules Affect Policy Responsiveness? βi = α+ λ′ Pi + δ′Xi + νi https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-what-determines-volatility-of-fiscal-policy-log-s-mi-25i45l8a.png Table 2. What Determines Volatility of Fiscal Policy? log(σ ,mi ) = α+ λ ′ Pi + δ′Xi + νi https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-comparing-average-elasticities-across-regimes-1k66uvkz.png Table 6. Comparing average elasticities across regimes https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparing-persistence-across-regimes-2b2kai12.png Table 4. Comparing persistence across regimes https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-budget-restrictions-xu9cze3d.png Table 1. Description of Budget Restrictions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-what-determines-the-persistence-of-government-doe60762.png Table 3. What Determines the Persistence of Government Spending? https://scispace.com/papers/the-magnetocaloric-effect-in-soft-magnetic-amorphous-alloys-51g9wdeam3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-relationship-between-the-peak-temperature-1vdlj6mx.png FIG. 1. Color online Relationship between the peak temperature of the magnetic entropy change and the magnitude of the peak upper and the refrigerant capacity lower for different alloy series for a maximum applied field of 1.5 T. Lines are a guide to the eyes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-temperature-dependence-of-the-exponent-28csd04g.png FIG. 2. Color online Temperature dependence of the exponent controlling the field dependence of the magnetic entropy change for Fe29Co40B9C2Si3Al5Ga2P10 open symbols and Fe56Co14B6C4Si3Al5Ga2P10 solid symbols for three values of the maximum applied field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-inset-temperature-dependence-of-the-13xkbqpa.png FIG. 3. Color online Inset: Temperature dependence of the magnetic entropy change of the CoBAA series with x=70, 56, 43, 29, and 17, for a maximum applied field of 1.5 T. Main panel: Master curve behavior of all the alloys for which 12 SM pk is inside the experimental temperature range 16 curves . https://scispace.com/papers/the-management-of-urban-freeway-traffic-5e3rwxkk5t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-y9naezse.png FIGURE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-ei-trai-ce-ramp-diversion-in-respoxse-to-an-accident-3ci7rlt2.png TABLE I Ei!TRAi\'CE RAMP DIVERSION IN RESPOXSE TO AN ACCIDENT BETVJEEN THE SE1:IARD A N D CHICAGO RAMPS ON THE https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-incidents-on-total-traffic-flow-j1aj7q0b.png FIGURE 2 EFFECT OF INCIDENTS ON TOTAL TRAFFIC FLOW https://scispace.com/papers/the-manner-and-time-course-of-updating-quantifier-scope-1q24sdfle9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-means-and-ses-in-milliseconds-in-the-second-sentence-2hrtpepz.png Table 3. Means and SEs (in milliseconds) in the second sentence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-self-paced-reading-early-late-disambiguation-for-7blr8ihd.png Figure 5. Self-paced reading, early/late disambiguation for objects: means and SEs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-self-paced-reading-context-no-means-and-ses-3d9gdqwg.png Figure 4. Self-paced reading, CONTEXT:NO: means and SEs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-self-paced-reading-context-yes-means-and-ses-9l2wsdlc.png Figure 3. Self-paced reading, CONTEXT:YES: means and SEs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-slopes-and-values-of-significance-testing-in-the-taoas8nm.png Table 4. Slopes and values of significance testing in the second sentence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-self-paced-reading-early-late-disambiguation-for-2dbgvt2o.png Figure 6. Self-paced reading, early/late disambiguation for subjects: means and SEs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-means-and-ses-of-measures-showing-a-significant-165x9rdw.png Figure 2. Means and SEs of measures showing a significant negative interaction of SUBJECT:PL and OBJECT:PL. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-predictions-of-how-disambiguating-information-in-11-bol9datu.png Table 1. Predictions of how disambiguating information in (11) affects the continuation in (12). https://scispace.com/papers/the-master-ii-network-of-robotic-optical-telescopes-first-1a60sr60ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-optical-observations-of-grb-110422a-11m8xtvb.png Table 7.Optical observations of GRB 110422A https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-contd-3l8oc7bg.png Table 3. (Contd.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-observations-of-grb-091020-23aydrkc.png Table 4.Observations of GRB 091020 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-light-curve-of-grb-091127-1ad7qbj6.png Fig. 8. Light curve of GRB 091127. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observations-of-grbs-with-the-masternetwork-27gyrl26.png Table 1.Observations of GRBs with the MASTERnetwork fromSeptember 2006–June 2011. The columns give (1) the name of the GRB; (2) the instrument on which the observations were carried out, I (VWF is the very-wide-field camera, VF is a MASTER-II telescope); (3), (4) the times from the GRB alert δTa and from the trigger sent by a gamma-ray observatory δTt (essentially the beginning of the GRB) to the beginning of the first MASTER optical observation, in seconds (sync denotes that the GRB was observed synchonously, i.e., continuously before, during, and after the GRB; prompt denotes that the optical emission was observed simultaneously with the gamma-ray emission); (5), (6) flags indicating the registration of optical emission O and the acquisition of polarization observations P of the GRB; (7) the GCN-circular number in which the results were published; (8) the site in the MASTER network where observations were carried out (K—Kislovodsk, M—Moscow, I—Irkutsk, U—Ural, B—Blagoveshchensk, T—Tunka); (9) the filter [C—white light (clear)], optical limit for the first frame, and exposure time in parantheses. An asterisk denotes GRBs registered by the FERMI/GBM with coordinate errors that are substantial and poorly known (for which the coordinate uncertainty can exceed the field of view of the VWF camera) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-precision-of-the-photometry-99u7of99.png Fig. 2. Precision of the photometry. https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-first-observations-of-comet-c-2012-a2-with-the-1n5chmju.png Table 17. First observations of comet C/2012 A2 with the MASTER network https://scispace.com/figures/table-18-observations-of-comet-p-2010-h2-vales-1qe8eop6.png Table 18.Observations of comet P/2010 H2 (Vales) https://scispace.com/papers/the-measurement-and-interpretation-of-nev-2-2-line-intensity-32hzms8flx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-ratio-i-2s22pz-2s2p3-id-1-2s22p2-2s2p3-lp-1-2sz2p2-1lj6fptv.png Fig. 5.- The ratio (I(2s22pZ - 2s2p3 ID) + 1(2s22p2 - 2s2p3 lp) ) / 1(2sZ2p2 3P - 2s2p3 3 D ) (417,416A and 571A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-ratio-i-2-2-id-2s2p3-p-1-2s22p2-3-p-2s2p3-3-d-365a-3n55e0va.png Fig. 4.- The ratio I ( 2 ~ ~ 2 ~ ~ ID - 2s2p3 ' P ) / 1(2s22p2 3 P - 2s2p3 3 D ) (365A and 571A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-ratio-1-2s22p2-3-p-2s2p3-3-s-i-2s22p2-3-p-2s2p3-3-2k5iw1uh.png Fig. 3.- The ratio 1(2s22p2 3 P - 2s2p3 3 S ) / I(2s22p2 3 P - 2s2p3 3 D ) (359A and 571A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-experimental-arrangement-nuod7e75.png Fig. 1.- The experimental arrangement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-ratio-i-2s22p2-3-p-2s2p3-3-p-i-2s22p2-3-p-2s2p3-3-g43b5i2l.png Fig. 2.- The ratio I(2s22p2 3 P - 2s2p3 3 P ) / I(2s22p2 3 P - 2s2p3 3 D ) (482A and 571A). https://scispace.com/papers/the-measurement-of-interface-state-charge-in-the-mos-system-247r3phzsc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-intrinsic-surfacepotential-ii-i-l-as-a-function-of-3m8hgicz.png Fig. 5. The intrinsic surfacepotential &II#I~,~ +$$,~l as a function of the bulk dope density C,. https://scispace.com/papers/the-microbiology-of-the-atmosphere-181ut8vans 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-hpthpexn.png TABLE V https://scispace.com/figures/table-xxix-2zx4gpej.png TABLE XXIX https://scispace.com/figures/fig-23-diagram-showing-changes-of-circulation-in-a-room-2mr453xd.png Fig. 23.—Diagram showing changes of circulation in a room according to relative temperature of walls and of inside air. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-diagrammaticrepresentationof-layers-of-the-atmosphere-nrvqndy3.png Fig. 3.—Diagrammaticrepresentationof layers of the atmosphere with a logarithmic vertical scale. https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-30neg8iu.png TABLE VI https://scispace.com/figures/fig-26-deposition-coefficient-p-o-oi-2fuwp9fg.png Fig. 26.—Deposition coefficient, p = o-oi. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-1tmm8xpb.png TABLE IX https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-diffusion-of-spore-cloud-during-horizontal-travel-in-1cpq1ots.png Fig. 6.—Diffusion of spore-cloud during horizontal travel in wind. O = origin of co-ordinates at source of liberation; x, y, z= down-wind, cross-wind, and vertical axes, respectively. Growth of cloud is measured by increase in standard deviation after the centre of the cloud has travelled to three positions down-wind. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mental-health-of-doctor-shoppers-experience-from-a-34jyk8wtah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gp-case-recognition-according-to-gp-service-use-bxq8v307.png Table 3. GP case-recognition according to GP service use: multivariate model (N=292) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gp-service-use-variables-according-to-gp-or-p5bltayh.png Table 2. GP service use variables according to GP or questionnaire rated psychiatric disorder: adjusted models (N=1079) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sociodemographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-the-34cnp21o.png Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample according to DS behaviour (N=1079) https://scispace.com/papers/the-meltspread-code-for-modeling-of-ex-vessel-core-debris-2dze3zy0fi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-34-predicted-local-depth-profiles-at-various-times-3dq09mrz.png Figure C-34 Predicted local depth profiles at various times for Theofanous Run No. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-5-summary-of-the-principal-concrete-decomposition-3h1iy1vj.png Table 2-5 SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL CONCRETE DECOMPOSITION REACTION TREATED IN MELTSPREAD3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-106-posttest-debris-profile-prediction-for-the-faro-2yjy569g.png Figure C-106 Posttest debris profile prediction for the FARO L-26S core oxide spreading test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-c-105-leading-edge-penetration-comparison-for-faro-l-2z1i1nq7.png Figure C-105 Leading edge penetration comparison for FARO L-26S core oxide spreading test https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-21-illustration-of-shell-nodalization-scheme-2h282szp.png Figure 3-21 Illustration of Shell Nodalization Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-15-input-file-data-sheet-for-the-ecokats-1-test-2l6ja2mi.png Table C-15 INPUT FILE DATA SHEET FOR THE ECOKATS-1 TEST https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-20-illustration-of-substrate-ablation-nodalization-urz1pg2e.png Figure 3-20 Illustration of Substrate Ablation Nodalization Scheme https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-11-input-file-data-sheet-for-the-kats-12-oxide-melt-h8rw65ae.png Table C-11 INPUT FILE DATA SHEET FOR THE KATS-12 OXIDE MELT TEST WITH CERAMIC CHANNEL https://scispace.com/papers/the-miocene-gadid-fish-palimphemus-anceps-kner-1862-a-15989gvve4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-b-reconstruction-of-palimphemus-anceps-kner-1862-a-1m03hhs4.png Fig. 9. — A, B, reconstruction of Palimphemus anceps Kner, 1862 (A) and Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) (B), modified from Cohen et al. (1990); C, D, ventral aspect of the neurocranium of Micromesistius poutassou (C) and Palimphemus anceps (D); E-G, hyomandibula of Palimphemus anceps (E), Micromesistius poutassou (F) and Micromesistius australis (G); C, F, G, modified from Svetovidov (1948). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-palimphemus-anceps-kner-1862-a-nhmw-1976-1812-38-b-1ad09ex0.png Fig. 3. — Palimphemus anceps Kner, 1862: A, NHMW 1976/1812/38; B, NHMW 1976/1812/51a; C, NHMW 1976/1812/51b. Scale bars: 20 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-palimphemus-anceps-kner-1862-a-nhmw-2002z0181-0087b-b-3fviknqo.png Fig. 4. — Palimphemus anceps Kner, 1862: A, NHMW 2002z0181/0087b; B, NHMW 2002z0181/0087a. Scale bars: 20 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-palimphemus-anceps-kner-1862-a-nhmw-1975-1752-248-b-7h0haf9s.png Fig. 2. — Palimphemus anceps Kner, 1862: A, NHMW 1975/1752/248; B, NHMW 1975/1752/247; C, NHMW 1988/149/48a; D, NHMW 1988/140/48b. Scale bars: 20 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/the-mirage-of-the-metropolis-city-imaging-in-the-age-of-4b3bl4oxr5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-counter-mapping-night-sky-c-2010-denis-wood-e4o0qbuh.png Figure 3. Counter mapping: “Night Sky” (© 2010 Denis Wood, reproduced with permission). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-composited-chorography-of-urban-islands-rhizomes-rrd8lltp.png Figure 7. Composited chorography: “Of Urban Islands, Rhizomes, and Other Archaeologies” (© 2011 M. Razvan Voroneanu, reproduced with permission). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-satellite-image-of-urbanization-of-the-pearl-river-20xgfbbg.png Figure 1. Satellite image of urbanization of the Pearl River Delta, China (© 2003 Landsat 7, NASA/GSFC,). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-revived-birds-eye-view-new-presidio-parklands-2wz8xyyv.png Figure 4. Revived bird’s-eye view: “New Presidio Parklands Project,” San Francisco (by James Corner Field Operations 2014 for The Presidio Trust). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-composited-chorography-palazzo-rossi-c-1988-barbara-3liq839f.png Figure 6. Composited chorography: “Palazzo Rossi” (© 1988 Barbara Stauffacher Solomon, reproduced with permission). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-crumpled-chorography-point-cloud-representation-of-1bx7dljg.png Figure 10. Crumpled chorography: point cloud representation of a hybrid landscape comprised of natural, infrastructural and industrial elements (© 2017 Landscape Modelling and Visualization Lab, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, reproduced with permission). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-renaissance-chorographic-survey-of-a-region-1qo3qw7b.png Figure 5. Renaissance chorographic survey of a region: Leonhard Zubler, 1607. “De Instrumenti uſu in deſcribenda totâ Regione, & Pagorum ejus / Instruments used in the description of the whole region and its districts.” Fabrica et vsvs instrvmenti chorographici: qvo mira facilitate describuntur regiones & singulae partes earum, veluti Montes, Vrbes, Castella, Pagi, Propugnacula, & simila (Creative Commons License 2016, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Library). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-bowed-chorography-still-from-the-film-inception-c-228d9r2l.png Figure 8. Bowed chorography: still from the film Inception (© 2010 Warner Bros and Legendary Pictures, reproduced under fair use for scholarly critique). https://scispace.com/papers/the-multikey-web-cache-simulator-a-platform-for-designing-3iss64jdh4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fragment-code-of-the-size-replacement-algorithm-1mf8f6w8.png Figure 7. Fragment code of the size replacement algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-trace-used-in-the-simulation-1kj1wstf.png Table 2. Characteristics of the trace used in the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tc-tb-obtained-in-the-filter-module-and-average-10km8cjb.png Table 3. TC, TB obtained in the filter module and average response times calculated in the simulator module. Legend: i) Cache size has been assumed 5 times less than the total objects size; ii) The Size algorithm has been used and iii) The hit ratio is 70% so that only 30% of the requests require extra connections. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-example-of-great-er-priority-method-for-a-multikey-w97i0qgv.png Figure 9. Example of great er priority method for a multikey Hyper-G Web-Object. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-modules-and-interrelation-between-modules-in-the-1cw1hm4u.png Figure 1. Modules and interrelation between modules in the Multikey Simulation Environment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-original-and-simulated-response-time-per-object-2q7ioqx8.png Figure 10. Original and simulated response time per object size. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cache-simulator-module-3c92z46o.png Figure 3. Cache simulator module. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-filter-module-of-the-mse-environment-3hsgohsd.png Figure 2. Filter module of the MSE environment. https://scispace.com/papers/the-multiple-infections-of-porcine-diarrhea-viruses-in-local-3hdj8wel7k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-38r8s3je.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-155680w4.png Figure 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-37fp8yg9.png Figure 7 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-22ircs2j.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2cexig8o.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-1h4yix50.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-n-enrichment-and-supernova-ejection-of-the-runaway-bcrwij3tvx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-orbital-elements-2x0n08h0.png TABLE 3 Orbital Elements https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-he-line-ratios-and-effective-temperature-37s3c7g4.png TABLE 4 He Line Ratios and Effective Temperature https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-h-profile-in-the-average-spectrum-of-ls-5039-plus-2p3yvtzz.png Fig. 3.—H profile in the average spectrum of LS 5039 ( plus signs) compared with the model profiles from Lanz & Hubeny (2003) for three values of atmospheric gravity (and corresponding pressure broadening of the Balmer line wings). Possible line blends from transitions of N iii are identified above. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pre-supernova-orbital-parameters-1b3l04ej.png TABLE 6 Pre-Supernova Orbital Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-gray-scale-representation-of-the-solution-space-of-3vb8zlap.png Fig. 9.—Gray-scale representation of the solution space of supernova massloss parameters (assuming MO ¼ 30 M and MX ¼ 1:4 M ; the corresponding plots for the MO ¼ 20 and 40 M cases look similar except for small shifts in m). The gray intensity indicates the fraction of solid angle into which a kick velocity is directed that results in an eccentricity and space velocity equal within errors to the derived values. Contour lines are shown for acceptable solutions in 10%, 5%, and 0.1% of the solid angle sphere (the darkest, maximum value corresponds to 20%). The solutions are parameterized by m, the ratio of total binary mass before to that after the supernova, and v, the ratio of the kick velocity to the initial relative orbital velocity (Brandt & Podsiadlowski 1995). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-n-v-kk1238-821-1242-804-p-cygni-profile-in-the-1en7618f.png Fig. 4.—N v kk1238.821, 1242.804 P Cygni profile in the spectrum of LS 5039 (solid line) compared with that of the O6.5 V((f )) standard star, HD 93146 (dotted line). The error bars at the bottom show the rest wavelengths of the doublet (right) and the Doppler-shifted wavelengths of the narrow absorption components (left). The strong emission feature at 1216 Å is geocoronal Ly . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-c-iv-kk1548-195-1550-770-p-cygni-profile-in-the-2qw0ggbk.png Fig. 5.—C iv kk1548.195, 1550.770 P Cygni profile in the spectrum of LS 5039 (solid line) compared with that of the O6.5 V((f )) standard star, HD 93146 (dotted line). The error bars at the bottom show the rest wavelengths of the doublet (right) and the Doppler-shifted wavelengths of the narrow absorption components (left). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectrograph-parameters-2aitsfi6.png TABLE 1 Spectrograph Parameters https://scispace.com/papers/the-nad-precursor-nicotinic-acid-improves-genomic-integrity-24odmmxk9u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-dose-dependent-dna-damage-induction-by-ir-is-2x6j0xcv.png Fig. 4. Dose-dependent DNA damage induction by IR is independent of stimulation. DNA strand break induction (% of P0) of unstimulated and PHA-L stimulated PBMC as a function of radiation dose. The data correspond to those shown in Figs. 7 and 8 and represent the DNA strand breakage induced by ionizing radiation as analyzed by the automated FADU assay. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-intracellular-nad-levels-after-ir-with-and-without-na-2728op78.png Fig. 5. Intracellular NAD+ levels after IR with and without NA supplementation. Cells supplemented with NA (+NA) or not (-NA) were irradiated as indicated and incubated at 37 ◦C for 10 min to allow for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation before NAD+ concentration analysis. Data represent independent experiments using four different donors. Numbers indicate the remaining NAD+ as percentage compared to nonirradiated controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences to controls. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-baseline-levels-of-dna-damage-in-unstimulated-and-1dvwq2ks.png Fig. 3. Baseline levels of DNA damage in unstimulated and proliferating PBMC Endogenous levels of strand breaks in undamaged cells are expressed as percentage of fluorescent signal in control cells (P0) in relation to the total amount of DNA (T). Each bar represents six independent experiments using PBMC ex vivo supplemented with nicotinic acid (+NA) or not (-NA). Statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA with Sidaks Multiple Comparison test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-total-p53-accumulation-and-k382-acetylation-in-242a1my4.png Fig. 6. Total p53 accumulation and K382-acetylation in response to IR. PBMC were pre-treated −/+ NA, TSA and irradiated with 10 Gy. Levels of p53 and ac-p53 were analyzed in whole cell lysates via immunoblot analysis at indicated time points after irradiation. A representative blot is shown in (A) and quantitative analysis of band intensities for normalized acetylated p53 levels were shown for 6 independent experiments in (B). A significant decrease of p53-acetylation level is detectable at 3 h in NA-supplemented cells compared to control-irradiated cells. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-dna-damage-and-repair-in-unstimulated-pbmc-cells-were-ak38axbi.png Fig. 7. DNA damage and repair in unstimulated PBMC. Cells were irradiated in G0. Strand break formation and subsequent DNA repair within the first 40 min after DNA damage was measured using the automated FADU assay. Values represent the mean fluorescence of double stranded DNA in relation to non-irradiated controls (P0) as obtained in independent experiments covering (A) n = 12 donors (B) n = 13 donors (C) n = 11 donors (D) n = 10 donors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-treatment-schedule-human-pbmc-were-either-2odcfmqd.png Fig. 1. Experimental treatment schedule. Human PBMC were either exposed to ionizing radiation as unstimulated cells (A) or (B) 44 h after PHA-L addition and analyzed or cultured for the assays indicated. Cells were supplemented 5 h before irradiation with 15 M nicotinic acid (NA) as indicated. For further details see Materials and Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-dna-damage-and-repair-in-proliferating-pbmc-cells-were-2d65kodd.png Fig. 8. DNA damage and repair in proliferating PBMC. Cells were irradiated after PHA-L stimulation. Repair of strand breaks after genotoxic treatment was measured within the first 40 min by using the automated FADU assay. Values represent the mean fluorescence of double stranded DNA in relation to non-irradiated controls (P0) as obtained in independent experiments covering (A) n = 8 donors (B) n = 10 donors (C) n = 8 donors (D) n = 9 donors. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-genomic-stability-in-human-pbmc-exposed-to-dna-damage-naycie6i.png Fig. 9. Genomic stability in human PBMC exposed to DNA damage as assed by micronuclei formation. (A) Unstimulated or (B) PHA-L stimulated cells were challenged with low doses of IR. Percentage of micronucleus frequency in binucleated cells was determined for (A) n = 7 and (B) n = 9 donors. https://scispace.com/papers/the-muscles-treasury-survey-v-fuv-flares-on-active-and-2tq0kw8z8d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-identification-of-flares-in-three-exposures-3kdp1vay.png Figure 1. Example identification of flares in three exposures of the GJ876 data using the FUV130 bandpass. Points show the light-curve binning used in the identification process (Section 2.4) and the jagged line underlying the points is a “count-binned” light curve (see Section 2.2.1). The smooth thick gray line shows the Gaussian process fit to quiescence. Red data has been identified as belonging to a flare and orange data has been flagged as anomalous. Both were excluded in fitting the quiescence. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-visual-explanation-of-the-various-metrics-recorded-2gnvlp2f.png Figure 2. Visual explanation of the various metrics recorded for each flare, using a well-resolved flare that occurred on GJ876. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-spectral-energy-budget-of-the-fiducial-flare-for-mvjqy8wh.png Figure 16. Spectral energy budget of the fiducial flare (for photochemical modeling) over FUV wavelengths. The lower panel shows the location of major emission lines in an M dwarf spectrum for reference (linear scale). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-photolysis-rate-of-several-molecules-exposed-to-3fo5lbcg.png Figure 17. Photolysis rate of several molecules exposed to blackbody radiation of constant bolometric power but varying temperature, relative to the value at 9000 K. For molecules with photolysis cross sections that peak at FUV wavelengths, the variation in photolysis rate is dramatic in comparison with O3, which has a broad peak in photolysis cross section in the NUV. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-spectral-energy-budget-of-the-fiducial-flare-for-1jzdu3pk.png Figure 19. Spectral energy budget of the fiducial flare (for photochemical and evolutionary modeling) over the full UV. The lower panel shows the location of major emission lines in an M dwarf spectrum for reference (linear scale). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-adopted-temporal-profile-of-the-fiducial-flare-1emlw5nw.png Figure 20. Adopted temporal profile of the fiducial flare, shown for several values of equivalent duration, δ, in logarithmic coordinates in the top plot. The bottom plot compares the fiducial flare profile to that of a true flare on a linear scale. The noticeable difference in areas is accounted for in the elevated flux of the GJ876 light curve beyond the range of the plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-estimates-of-the-equivalent-duration-of-solar-os7kkqss.png Figure 18. Estimates of the equivalent duration of solar flares in three broad EUV bands vs. the transition-region emission line C III977 Å. Lines show a linear scaling at the median ratio of the broadband to C III equivalent durations. Flares with equivalent duration estimates below 10 s are not shown and were omitted in computing the median. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spectrophotometry-of-the-most-energetic-flare-157067of.png Figure 5. Spectrophotometry of the most energetic flare observed on ADLeo. Light curves have been normalized by the quiescent flux and offset vertically for display. Underlying lines are “count-binned” (see Section 2.2.1) to provide adaptive time resolution. The points are time-binned at a 5s cadence. The figure has been split into two panels simply so light curves extracted from all the strong emission lines in the STIS E140M data could be included on a single page. A standout feature is the strong continuum response. However, we find the energy emitted in the continuum is within the overall scatter in flare energy budgets described in Section 6.2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-natural-order-generic-collapse-for-omega-representable-42b8yb0sn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-o-rep-binary-relation-r-the-grey-regions-are-those-3l1rtg9f.png Fig. 1. An ω-rep. binary relation R. The grey regions are those that belong to R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-papers-using-the-lifting-method-219a2o9e.png Table 1. Some papers using the lifting method. https://scispace.com/papers/the-neglected-dimension-of-well-being-analyzing-the-55vxgwo8a5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-contemporaneous-correlations-in-levels-3gpg0oq1.png Table 2: Contemporaneous correlations in levels https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-statistics-of-variables-in-pca-bhps-variable-bc8ely3c.png Table 5: Summary statistics of variables in PCA (BHPS variable name in brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fe-regression-framework-influences-on-conversion-2v3w2zm3.png Table 4: FE regression framework: influences on conversion efficiency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conversion-efficiency-year-1-1991-2yjw98w8.png Figure 1: Conversion efficiency, year 1 (1991) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-variables-1yreir4n.png Table 1: Summary statistics of variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-development-of-efficiency-scores-3102c55t.png Table 3: Development of efficiency scores https://scispace.com/papers/the-need-for-a-full-chip-and-package-thermal-model-for-2v7cpqlb87 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-packaging-components-in-a-typical-cbga-package-335nl1g6.png Figure 1: Packaging components in a typical CBGA package. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-design-flow-showing-the-compact-thermal-model-e4fg4kn2.png Figure 10: A design flow showing the compact thermal model acts as a convenient medium for productive collaborations for designers at the circuit, architecture and package levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-full-chip-thermal-model-closes-the-loop-for-hyejopin.png Figure 2: A full-chip thermal model closes the loop for accurate leakage power calculations. The loop is iterated until either power/temperature convergence is achieved or thermal runaway is detected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-the-leakage-power-values-calculated-39flrycn.png Table 1: Comparison of the leakage power values calculated using the actual temperature map from the thermal model to that calculated with a heuristic constant 85◦C across the die, for both the hottest spot (FXU Regfile) and coolest spot (L2 Cache) on the die. (FXU Regfile is hotter because it has higherpower densitythan L2 Cache, although its overall power is less than that of the L2 Cache.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-temperature-map-with-considerations-of-the-vch933jq.png Figure 4: (a) Temperature map with considerations of the thermally self-consistent calculated leakage power for a benchmark workload on the POWER4-like microprocessor design at 130nm technology node. (b) Temperature map for the same design considering only dynamic power. Especially take note of the two FXU register files at the center of the top part, which are 7 degrees hotter in (a) compared to (b). (All temperatures are in Celsius.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-for-the-130nm-process-of-the-example-design-an-knu1ncii.png Table 2: For the 130nm process of the example design, an increases in total power from 55.74W to 139.35W, or an increase in equivalent junction-to-ambient thermal resistance from 0.25◦C/W to 0.8◦C/W can make thermal runaway happen. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-imaginary-temperature-maps-with-only-leakage-power-1z6qn279.png Figure 5: Imaginary temperature maps with only leakage power applied to the silicon, in order to isolate the thermal effect of leakage power. (a) Temperature map with the thermally self-consistent calculated leakage power applied for a benchmark workload on the POWER4-like microprocessor design. (b) Temperature map with leakage power calculated at constant 85◦C across the silicon die. Notice the colored temperature scale in this figure is different from the one in Fig. 4. (Temperatures are in Celsius.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-close-up-view-of-the-tim-die-attaching-surface-30wuvpt1.png Figure 8: Close-up view of the TIM/die attaching surface. Surface non-uniformity is indicated by L. https://scispace.com/papers/the-nondeterministic-information-logic-nil-is-pspace-12hyvgkwgw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-algorithm-nil-world-1kukkede.png Figure 1. Algorithm NIL-WORLD https://scispace.com/papers/the-new-private-security-industry-the-private-policing-of-27yapjw9bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-activities-of-the-new-private-security-industry-2w1rg79b.png Figure 2. Activities of the ‘new’ private security industry https://scispace.com/papers/the-new-york-city-marathon-participation-and-performance-1rdb9rr5rs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-597-reerkyii.png Figure 2 597 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-finishers-and-men-to-women-ratio-by-decade-548-vzpkny1k.png Table 1. Finishers and men-to-women ratio by decade. 548 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-basic-demographic-data-of-finishers-by-nationality-12p9okg3.png Table 2. Basic demographic data of finishers by nationality. 551 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-the-findings-568-fd3mzk21.png Table 6. Summary of the findings. 568 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-race-time-h-min-s-of-finishers-and-sex-difference-d-1ymq7ks2.png Table 5. Race time (h:min:s) of finishers and sex difference (Δ) by nationality and decade. 560 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-age-of-finishers-and-sex-difference-d-by-nationality-2gjlm4a1.png Table 4. Age of finishers and sex difference (Δ) by nationality and decade. 558 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-595-13n8ulov.png Figure 1 595 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-of-finishers-and-men-to-women-ratio-by-1kexb0hf.png Table 3. Number of finishers and men-to-women ratio by nationality and decade. 556 https://scispace.com/papers/the-north-cyprus-conference-sector-establishing-a-38fafv8uz6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-importance-performance-graph-for-north-cyprus-2v0qe3mc.png Figure 2. Importance performance graph for North Cyprus attributes (median values). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-of-travel-of-turkish-nationals-with-is2vywdm.png Table 1 Frequency of Travel of Turkish Nationals With Respect to Place and Purpose of Travel in 2008 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-importance-performance-graph-for-north-cyprus-208udy37.png Figure 1. Importance performance graph for North Cyprus attributes (mean values). https://scispace.com/papers/the-numerical-sandbox-comparison-of-model-results-for-a-556s6e4hwx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-set-up-of-the-shortening-experiment-horizontal-2j8nvis7.png Fig. 1. (a) Set-up of the shortening experiment. Horizontal layers of ‘sand’ (which have the same properties and differ in colour only) with an embedded layer of weaker ‘microbeads’ are shortened through a mobile wall on the right-hand side which is pushed leftwards. (b) Set-up of the extension experiment. A viscous layer (PDMS, 10 0.5 cm) lies in the central part of the model on the base. The rest of the model consists of three ‘sand’ layers (only differing in colour). Extension is achieved by moving the right wall with the attached 10 cm long sheet outwards to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-continued-webcolor-2bpgtvx6.png Fig. 6. Continued. WebColor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-surface-slope-versus-amount-of-displacement-surface-lps0kpek.png Fig. 4. (a) Surface slope versus amount of displacement. Surface slopes as measured in the analogue experiments of University of Bern, IFP Rueil-Malmaison, University of Parma, University of Pavia and University of Toronto (Schreurs et al. 2006) are shown as a grey band. (b) Schematic figure showing how surface slope has been determined for the early stages of shortening. It is clear that the initial surface slope angles are difficult to determine. (c) For two or more thrusts, the surface slope has been determined by drawing the enveloping surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-sensitivity-tests-for-the-shortening-experiment-svyr22q5.png Fig. 5. Sensitivity tests for the shortening experiment. I2ELVIS results after 10 cm of displacement for WebColor(a) high resolution (normalized element size 0.05 as in Fig. 2) and (b) lower resolution (normalized element size 0.1). Sopale results after 10 cm of displacement for (c) a cohesion of 100 Pa (sandbox scale), (d) a cohesion of 10 Pa (as in Fig. 2), and (e) a cohesion of 0 Pa. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-amount-of-displacement-at-which-a-forward-thrust-1ryzh314.png Fig. 3. (a) The amount of displacement at which a forward thrust forms shows that all experiments have forward propagation of thrust formation. (b) Dip angle of forward thrusts at the moment of their initiation. A dip angle of approximately 198 is expected for the first thrust if its location was entirely controlled by the initial wedge. (c) Spacing to the previous forward thrust measured at the moment of initiation of the new forward thrust. Inset shows how thrust spacing is measured. The quantities in (b) and (c) have been measured at the same stages of shortening as depicted in (a). The grey bands denote the range of values measured for the analogue experiments of University of Bern, IFP Rueil-Malmaison, University of Parma, University of Pavia and University of Toronto (see also Fig. 6 and Schreurs et al. 2006). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quantification-of-shortening-experiments-39ruykyl.png Table 3. Quantification of shortening experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-comparison-of-strain-rates-for-i2elvis-and-sopale-g4d0gx6h.png Fig. 9. A comparison of strain-rates for I2ELVIS and Sopale after 2 cm of extension shows the influence WebColorof the plasticity description. (a) and (d) Angle of internal friction f ¼ 0. Cohesion softens from 170 Pa to 140 Pa (sandbox scale). These values mimic the same strength and strength reduction as for the frictional extension models. (b) Sopale for Mohr-Coulomb plasticity with depth-dependent pressure. (c) and (e) Mohr-Coulomb plasticity with dynamic pressure (standard case). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-dip-angle-of-the-first-formed-normal-fault-on-the-2n8x79o6.png Fig. 8. (a) Dip angle of the first-formed normal fault on the right-hand side of the velocity discontinuity (the tip of the basal sheet) versus extension. (b) Migration of the same fault. The migration is measured relative to the initial position of the tip of the basal sheet. (c) Schematic drawing showing how the quantities in (a) and (b) were measured. The grey bands denote the range of values measured for the analogue experiments of University of Bern and IFP Rueil-Malmaison (see also Fig. 7 and Schreurs et al. 2006). https://scispace.com/papers/the-nutrient-composition-of-south-african-lamb-a2-grade-8typ0r9fow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-values-of-the-nutrient-composition-for-raw-and-3kkyyark.png Table 3. Mean values of the nutrient composition for raw and cooked, expressed 100 g edible portion of lean lamb (±7% SCF)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-values-of-the-nutrient-composition-for-the-1fv0weed.png Table 5. Mean values of the nutrient composition for the interaction between raw and cooked cut, expressed per 100 g edible portion of lean lamb (±7% SCF)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-contribution-of-100-g-of-soft-tissue-from-three-cuts-2d7fftdx.png Table 6. Contribution of 100 g of soft tissue from three cuts of cooked lamb (±7% SCF) to the nutrient requirements (RDA values) of males, age 25–50 years https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-methods-used-for-the-nutrient-analyses-of-raw-and-3dj4qyi5.png Table 2. Methods used for the nutrient analyses of raw and cooked South African lamb https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-values-of-the-nutrient-composition-of-three-raw-2b31skh8.png Table 4. Mean values of the nutrient composition of three raw and three cooked cut, expressed per 100 g edible portion of lean lamb (±7% SCF)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nutrient-values-in-lean-lamb-expressed-per-100-g-s36o9gw1.png Table 1. Nutrient values in lean lamb, expressed per 100 g cooked edible portion, for selected countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-nutrient-density-of-100-g-cooked-deboned-south-y16xid7o.png Table 7. Nutrient density of 100 g cooked, deboned South African lean lamb cuts (±7% SCF) https://scispace.com/papers/the-object-management-group-ontology-definition-metamodel-n2l21z4262 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1ja088ut.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-uml-profile-of-owl-ontology-1hpep4re.png Figure 9: UML Profile of OWL Ontology https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-fragment-of-mof-metamodel-for-common-logic-1hghpmtk.png Figure 8 Fragment of MOF metamodel for Common Logic https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-countable-bulk-package-extending-owl-3qxli7ns.png Figure 11 Countable/Bulk Package extending OWL https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fragment-of-a-university-teaching-ontology-1934mj9m.png Figure 2 Fragment of a University teaching ontology, expressed in UML https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-main-model-elements-of-topic-maps-1ezy4zbc.png Figure 4. Main model elements of Topic Maps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-intermediate-structural-mechanisms-of-topic-maps-1ejvi1if.png Figure 5. Intermediate structural mechanisms of Topic Maps https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mapping-relationships-in-the-odm-231t4cjk.png Figure 10 Mapping relationships in the ODM https://scispace.com/papers/the-output-effect-of-fiscal-consolidation-plans-28l25lhot0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-effect-of-tb-and-eb-adjustments-baseline-and-2f9v88sz.png Figure 11: The effect of TB and EB adjustments: Baseline and Counterfactual for euro area countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-effect-of-tb-and-eb-adjustments-on-monetary-1bpdowgn.png Figure 7: The effect of TB and EB adjustments on monetary policy (change in the 3M TBills Rates) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unanticipated-and-anticipated-fiscal-adjustments-27fn1zjk.png Figure 1: Unanticipated and Anticipated Fiscal Adjustments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-reports-impulse-responses-of-output-growth-to-eb-9hp5fcs3.png Figure 2 reports impulse responses of output growth to EB and TB fiscal plans. As everywhere else in this paper, for comparability with the available empirical literature, we report one standard errors bands. It is probably worth noting that the difference between the effect of EB ant TB plans on output remains significant also if two standard errors bands, with 95 per cent confidence intervals are considered. (results are available form the authors). Countries are ordered starting from those that feature a positive but mild correlation between future anticipated and current unanticipated corrections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-effect-of-tb-and-eb-adjustments-on-inflation-1t9utcrn.png Figure 8: The effect of TB and EB adjustments on inflation (GDP deflator) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cross-countries-heterogeneity-in-the-design-of-multi-3re1s1fy.png Table 4 Cross countries heterogeneity in the design of multi - year plans https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-impulse-responses-of-output-allowing-for-different-20sfvltm.png Figure 9: Impulse responses of output allowing for different coefficients in the euro area (top 9 countries) and non-euro area (bottom 7 countries) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-effect-of-tb-and-eb-adjustments-on-fixed-d2c1i9oa.png Figure 4: The effect of TB and EB adjustments on fixed capital formation growth https://scispace.com/papers/the-p-factor-and-the-n-factor-associations-between-the-3wv7d1r3so 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-full-structural-model-fit-factor-loadings-and-latent-3rj1i7jz.png Table 3 Full Structural Model Fit, Factor Loadings, and Latent Variable Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-neuroticism-measurement-model-fit-and-factor-1r8sq9ka.png Table 2 Neuroticism Measurement Model Fit and Factor Loadings https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-psychopathology-measurement-model-fit-and-factor-1cjpn08l.png Table 1 Psychopathology Measurement Model Fit and Factor Loadings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-full-bifactor-structural-model-10b-3fvfwn1f.png Figure 1 Full Bifactor Structural Model (10B) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-exploratory-latent-variable-and-factor-score-2x6ifu6i.png Table 4 Exploratory Latent Variable and Factor Score Correlations & 95% Confidence Intervals https://scispace.com/papers/the-palaeoecology-of-a-high-status-icelandic-farm-1agtot51l5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-continued-3p0oq34a.png Table 2 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-animal-bones-excavated-in-2000-2002-caprines-are-1mdhnlo3.png Table 4 Animal bones excavated in 2000–2002. ‘Caprines’ are sheep and goat combined for comparative purposes, LTM are large terrestrial mammals (horse or cattle sized), MTM are medium terrestrial mammals (sheep or pig sized), and UNI are unidentified fragments https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-description-and-interpretation-based-on-experimental-181r4orn.png Table 3 Description and interpretation (based on experimental observation) of key micromorphological features observed in context [577], Reykholt https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-section-drawing-showing-locations-of-samples-taken-3iipa46l.png Figure 5 Section drawing showing locations of samples taken from structure 10. Facing south https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-micromorphology-sample-rkh00-52-from-the-lower-half-28sostl5.png Figure 6 Micromorphology sample RKH00-52, from the lower half of context [456]. (a) clay floor; (b-e) multi-laminated occupation surfaces; (f) manganese dioxide nodules; (g) bone fragments; (h) partially decomposed plant tissues https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-spherulites-derived-from-faecal-material-context-29ceki7d.png Figure 10 Spherulites derived from faecal material. Context 577, sample 77. Cross polars https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-multiplot-of-calibrated-radiocarbon-probability-hi12wpb7.png Figure 7 Multiplot of calibrated radiocarbon probability https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-site-plan-of-the-post-medieval-passageway-farm-37aw52j0.png Figure 3 Site plan of the post-medieval passageway farm https://scispace.com/papers/the-palaeogeography-of-mesolithic-settlement-subsistence-and-2ts5g8eaeh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1086-allostratigraphic-units-in-the-lower-muge-2mix4xoc.png Table 2 1086 Allostratigraphic units in the lower Muge valley fill and their inferred depositional 1087 environment. Unit codes consist of a number, based on the lithology, sometimes 1088 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-41048-summary-pollen-diagram-of-core-20-in-the-lower-1c7i17tu.png Figure 41048 Summary pollen diagram of core 20 in the lower Muge valley floor (analysed by F. 1049 Franco Mugica) including raw foraminifera counts (Jadammina macrescens). Dates 1050 are given in years cal BC and underlined dates are rejected. For legend of graphic log 1051 see Figure 3a. 1052 1053 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1008-map-of-mesolithic-shell-middens-and-1o2rlqms.png Figure 1 1008 Map of Mesolithic shell middens and approximate areas of early Neolithic settlement 1009 in central-southern Portugal (after Zilhão 1993, 2000; Vierra 1995) and simplified 1010 geological map of the Lower Tagus valley including location of Mesolithic shell 1011 middens (black dots). VdFdM stands for Vale da Fonte da Moça tributary, while 1. 1012 indicates the Cabeço dos Ossos shell midden. 1013 1014 https://scispace.com/papers/the-para-region-of-broad-host-range-proma-plasmids-is-a-74kcuurcnp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-phylogenetic-tree-of-para-nucleotide-of-selected-1zqh7j3b.png Fig. 1 a Phylogenetic tree of parA nucleotide of selected PromA plasmids using the neighbor-joining method. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura two-parameter method, and the bar indicates the dissimilarity scale on tree branches. b Schematic diagram of linear alignment of the five PromA plasmids in the region parA https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-analysis-of-80-pb-regions-directly-flanking-the-6c5nge5n.png Fig. 3 Analysis of 80-pb regions directly flanking the forward and reverse primer annealing sites in the analyzed amplicons. a Forward primer and b reverse primer. The scale bar indicates the number of base substitutions per site, and values in nodes indicate percentage of bootstrap values (total of 1000 repetitions). The outgroup, comprising incP1 plasmid pAKD16 sequence parA region https://scispace.com/papers/the-pandas-view-of-the-andromeda-satellite-system-i-a-4i1q2ftvqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-2frmnly4.png Table 1 (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mw-cm-contamination-model-parameters-from-left-to-1fakjwif.png Figure 4. MW CM contamination model parameters. From left to right, the panels display the values of parameters α(g − i, i), β(g − i, i), and γ (g − i, i) from Equation (12), determined as explained in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-region-c-used-to-build-the-mw-contamination-model-3h6g17j7.png Figure 3. Region C used to build the MW contamination model. The hashed regions are masked out and not used to fit the contamination model. They correspond to clear stellar overdensities in the PAndAS footprint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-map-of-significance-s-over-the-full-pandas-tuttu5h0.png Figure 11. Map of significance S over the full PAndAS footprint, represented by the white polygon. The four large ellipses correspond to the regions around M31, M33, NGC 147, and NGC 185 that have been masked due to their high stellar density. The M31 and M33 ellipses have major axis lengths of 2.◦6 and 1.◦53, respectively, and an ellipticity of 0.4 in both cases. White squares represent all known dwarf galaxies within the PAndAS footprint, labeled by their Andromedan number, and white triangles represent known GCs. For both dwarf galaxies and globular clusters, systems that fall within the masked out regions are not shown. The mainly low signal value of the map when compared to the very structured nature of the M31 halo (Figure 2) is testimony to the ability of the algorithm to account for M31 halo contamination. All known dwarf galaxies are detected at high significance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-top-panel-stellar-density-of-point-sources-in-the-tnkkvuf8.png Figure 5. Top panel: stellar density of point sources in the M31 RGB box over the PAndAS footprint. M31 is at the center of the map and M33 is visible in the bottom left corner. Multiple stellar streams also appear in the M31 halo, even though they are dominated by the contamination from the foreground MW. That contamination severely increases toward the north, which mainly corresponds to the axis of increasing Galactic latitude. Middle panel: stellar density of the MW CM contamination model, integrated over the M31 RGB selection box. The model replicates the behavior of the MW foreground contamination visible in the top panel. Bottom panel: residuals between the data and the model, highlighting the fine ability of the model to account for the MW contamination. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-realizations-of-the-mw-cm-contamination-pdf-pcmcont-2o7s9wya.png Figure 6. Realizations of the MW CM contamination pdf, PCMcont,MW(g − i, i|X0, Y0), for three arbitrary locations in the survey. The pdfs are normalized to unity over the M31 RGB selection box, leading to changes in the relative importance of the model features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-top-panels-the-cmd-of-a-region-within-2-of-the-270pusbx.png Figure 10. Top panels: the CMD of a region within 2′ of the most significant unknown detection (S = 3.9) in the region of And XI–XIII, along with that of a field annulus of identical coverage at 15′. The thick, gray line corresponds to a Padua isochrone of age 13 Gyr and [Fe/H] = −1.7 at the distance of M31. A group of stars could likely correspond to the RGB of a faint stellar population. The map of stars that fall in the dot-dashed red polygon, centered on the detection, is shown on the right-hand panel. Again, a small grouping of stars is visible. Bottom panels: similar plots for the least significant of the two detections (S = 3.5). The presence of a compact stellar overdensity is here less obvious, as expected from the lower signal. The grouping of stars to the northeast of this detection is And XI. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-significance-distribution-for-the-region-around-and-3p4tclsd.png Figure 9. Significance distribution for the region around And XI–XIII. The black line represents the histogram of pixel significance values for the final algorithm, whereas the gray histogram corresponds to the significance values when the priors on log10(N ∗) and rh are substituted with a flat prior. In the latter case, the tail of high-significance values becomes evident at larger S values. The threshold signal value, Sth, chosen for this region is shown by the red arrow. https://scispace.com/papers/the-past-present-and-future-of-research-on-interviewer-sgq5xzn47r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-variance-in-question-duration-due-to-interviewers-3d1dejra.png Figure 1 Variance in question duration due to interviewers, respondents, and questions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-pedagogical-benefits-of-stepping-outside-the-perspective-4fthwbygcg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-polar-bear-in-a-snow-storm-pham-2003-2yu2851z.png Figure 1. Polar Bear in a Snow Storm (Pham, 2003). https://scispace.com/papers/the-perceptions-of-acceptance-by-new-academics-to-a-higher-1fw1mdqxzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demonstrates-participant-demographics-18ajy0u8.png Table 1. Demonstrates participant demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demonstrates-the-process-of-events-participants-2b0aqb3u.png Figure 1. Demonstrates the process of events participants experienced when attempting to gain entry to an existing CoP. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-tabulated-research-themes-jocb5d83.png Table 2. Tabulated research themes. https://scispace.com/papers/the-percutaneous-nephrolithotomy-global-study-classification-4j37qw4x00 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-grading-of-postoperative-complications-of-un7j1fu3.png Table 1. Grading of Postoperative Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy According to the Modified Clavien Classification System2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-mean-clavien-score-for-selected-nh5mymjz.png Table 2. Comparison of Mean Clavien Score for Selected Patient and Operative Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-clavien-score-and-asa-score-ci-t83orvig.png FIG. 3. Relationship between Clavien score and ASA score. CI = confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-analyses-of-factors-associated-with-1w56ic3l.png Table 3. Multivariate Analyses of Factors Associated with Higher Risk of Postoperative Complications https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-number-of-complications-occurring-in-10-or-more-wbjxoman.png FIG. 1. Number of complications occurring in 10 or more patients. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-distribution-of-modified-clavien-grading-scores-2lfa42fk.png FIG. 2. Distribution of modified Clavien grading scores. https://scispace.com/papers/the-ph-dependence-of-lipid-mediated-antimicrobial-peptide-28scaserq8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fitted-neutron-reflectivity-curves-for-d62dppg-2hdhyusa.png Figure 5. Fitted neutron reflectivity curves for d62DPPG/d62DP3adLPG 7:3 at 55°C, in https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-kinetic-parameters-obtained-from-the-plots-of-mean-36pl204p.png Table 2. Kinetic parameters obtained from the plots of mean change in surface pressure of the different PG/3adLPG/CL monolayers after subphase injection of magainin 2 F5W. The maximum change in surface pressure (max) and time taken to achieve half of the maximum change (H) were determined from the equations for the fitted Hill plots (equation 2). The initial rate of surface pressure change (K) was obtained from the tangent to the Hill plot curves for the first 50 s of measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-structural-parameters-for-d62dppg-d62dp3adlpg-2dmyw1s5.png Table 4. Structural parameters for d62DPPG/d62DP3adLPG bilayers derived from the fitting of neutron reflectivity curves for samples studied at 55°C with (+) and without (-) magainin 2 F5W peptide in both pH 5.5 and 7.4 buffers (lipid/peptide molar ratio 50:1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-static-circular-dichroism-spectra-for-magainin-2-1www07pj.png Figure 4. Static circular dichroism spectra for magainin 2 F5W in Tris HCl buffer at pH 7.4, and in the presence of biomimetic PG/3adLPG/CL vesicles in 10 mM Tris-acetate buffers adjusted to either pH 7.4 or 5.5 at 55°C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-molecular-area-surface-compressional-modulus-2plc10od.png Table 1. Mean molecular area, surface compressional modulus and lift-off area for biomimetic mixtures of PG/3adLPG/CL, derived from air/liquid interface monolayers measured on Tris-acetate buffer subphases adjusted to either pH 7.4 or 5.5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-calculated-secondary-structure-content-for-magainin-22s5r4ch.png Table 3. Calculated secondary structure content for magainin 2 F5W in Tris HCl buffer and in the presence of biomimetic PG/3adLPG/CL vesicles in Tris-acetate buffers adjusted to pH 7.4 or 5.5, obtained using the web-based CAPITO CD data analysis tool (Wiedemann, et al. 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fitted-neutron-reflectivity-curves-for-d62dppg-1upfxv9t.png Figure 6. Fitted neutron reflectivity curves for d62DPPG/d62DP3adLPG 45:55 at 55°C, in pH 7.4 buffer alone and with magainin F5W (A1) and in pH 5.5 buffer alone and with magainin F5W (B1). Together with their corresponding fit-derived SLD profiles (blue for H2O and black for D2O contrasts) and schematic interface cross-sections in pH 7.4 buffer alone (solid lines) and with magainin F5W (dashed lines) (A2) and in pH 5.5 buffer alone and with magainin F5W (B2). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-n-6-surface-pressure-area-isotherms-of-mixtures-1kpobi7k.png Fig. 2 Mean (n 6) surface pressure–area isotherms of mixtures of PG/3adLPG/CL, mimicking proportions of membrane lipid obtained from S. aureus cultures grown at either pH 7.4 [67:28:5] or pH 5.5 [41:51:8], measured on Tris-acetate buffer subphases adjusted to either pH 7.4 or 5.5 at 23C. https://scispace.com/papers/the-performance-of-hydrological-monthly-products-using-ssm-i-46t958ntca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-as-in-fig-2-but-for-august-2009-383xwmhl.png FIG. 3. As in Fig. 2, but for August 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-probability-density-function-for-january-2009-for-ssm-ushvpl4e.png FIG. 2. Probability density function (%) for January 2009 for SSM/I F-13 (gray solid line) and SSMI/S F-17 (black dashed line) 22-GHz vertical polarization (top) over land and (bottom) over ocean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-precipitation-variables-for-land-over-tropical-regions-2eyen1hv.png FIG. 7. Precipitation variables for land over tropical regions (308N–308S). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-histogram-for-left-light-and-right-high-rain-rates-nnvystl0.png FIG. 8. Histogram for (left) light and (right) high rain rates over (top) ocean and (bottom) land for August 2009. Dashed black curve is for SSM/I F-13 and gray solid curve is for SSMI/S F-17. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-zonal-mean-for-monthly-rainfall-in-august-2009-for-f-3uyirzmz.png FIG. 9. Zonal mean for monthly rainfall in August 2009 for F-17 (SSMI/S, solid gray line) and F-13 (SSM/I, dashed black line) over (top) ocean and (bottom) land. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-representation-of-the-histogram-matching-31wewp6f.png FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the histogram matching technique (adapted from http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/ equalisation/). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-top-monthly-rainfall-bias-in-terms-of-percentage-of-2pvtfzdh.png FIG. 11. (top)Monthly rainfall bias (in terms of percentage of the mean value) for global (black bars), ocean (dark gray bars), and land surfaces (white bars) for the period January–November 2009. Negative valuesmean larger SSMI/S retrievals. (bottom)As above, but for frequency bias. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-monthly-bias-for-lwp-black-bars-andwvp-dark-gray-111ykhh2.png FIG. 12. Monthly bias for LWP (black bars) andWVP (dark gray lines) over the ocean for the period January–November 2009. Positive values mean larger SSMI/S retrievals. https://scispace.com/papers/the-photosensitised-oxidation-of-amines-1as2ydmx6p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-values-of-d-k-for-the-sensitised-photo-oxygenation-1oumiuh0.png Table 17* Values of d/k^ for the sensitised photo oxygenation of 2-methylpent-2-ene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-dependence-of-the-rate-of-oxygen-uptake-on-22bi7y3p.png Figure 3« The dependence of the rate of oxygen uptake on benzophenone concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-dependence-of-rate-on-light-intensity-10i7e2nw.png Table 5. Dependence of rate on light intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-electronic-states-of-oxygen-2egwnpef.png Figure 2. The electronic states of oxygen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-products-from-the-photosensitised-oxidation-of-bomwjieb.png Table 1• Products from the photosensitised oxidation of various compounds. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-rates-of-oxygen-uptake-ml-per-min-3uk9p5yd.png Table 4. Rates of oxygen uptake, (ml. per. min.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-stern-volmer-constants-for-the-quenching-of-1qtm09y2.png Table 14. Stern-Volmer constants for the quenching of perylene fluorescence by amines. 130 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-a-typical-oscilloscope-trace-showing-the-decay-of-1ia6vz2w.png Figure 18. A typical oscilloscope trace showing the decay of a transient species with time. https://scispace.com/papers/the-phylogeny-of-heliconia-heliconiaceae-and-the-evolution-2ci82mrnn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-correlation-and-ancestral-state-reconstruction-of-vn93ystu.png Fig. 4. Correlation and ancestral state reconstruction of resupination and inflorescence habit for Heliconia based on the dated tree. (a) The posterior distribution of the correlation coefficient (r) for the liabilities of resupination and inflorescence habit under the threshold model. Solid and dashed lines represent the mean and 95% HPD values for the correlation coefficient, respectively. Note that the posterior density does not cross r = 0. (b) Ancestral (joint) character states were estimated using the stochastic mapping method based on the BayesTraits analysis parameter values for correlated (dependent) evolution. Individual character states are shown for sampled species to show their co-distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phylogeny-of-heliconia-estimated-with-a-concatenated-1zv1354t.png Fig. 2. Phylogeny of Heliconia estimated with a concatenated partitioned maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of intergenic plastid trnL-F and trnL-rpl32, nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS, and nuclear markers CaM, G3A, and PRK. The analysis includes 203 Heliconia terminals that represent 202 Heliconia samples (H. raulinianawas split into its parental components). An asterisk indicates those samples sequenced using the in-solution sequence capture method (see Text), except some outgroups were captured using the method of Sass et al. (2016). Support values are indicated adjacent to branches and are for ML bootstrap percentages and Bayesian posterior percentages, respectively. A dash indicates support <50%, while a filled circle indicates 100%. Note that the Bayesian analysis did not include outgroups (see Phylogeny Results 3.2) and so the Bayesian support for the root of Heliconiaceae is an artefact and only represents the unrooted bipartition support. Scale is in expected substitutions per site but outgroup branches are quarter length (including the stem branch of Heliconiaceae). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-transition-rate-priors-on-parameter-25dohobg.png Table 3 The effect of transition rate priors on parameter estimates and convergence in the analysis of correlated evolution between resupination and inflorescence habit for Heliconia species. The number of iterations (generations) remains constant between runs. The transition code, ‘qij’, is from the first state (i) to the second state (j). The states are as follows: 1, resupinate and erect; 2, resupinate and pendant; 3, non-resupinate and erect; 4, non-resupinate and pendant. ‘Rt’ is the inferred root state using the same codes as above. Parameter estimates are given as mean with 95% highest posterior density in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-histogram-of-the-publication-date-for-currently-2boynhi9.png Fig. 5. Histogram of the publication date for currently accepted Heliconia species names. Accepted species names are according to Govaerts and Kress (2016) and publication date corresponds to the date of publication for the species name (or its basionym where applicable). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-taxonomic-history-of-heliconia-and-its-relation-to-11fq427e.png Fig. 6. Taxonomic history of Heliconia and its relation to phylogenetic diversity. Points (left-hand scale) correspond to species specific phylogenetic diversity calculated using the equal splits metric of evolutionary distinctiveness. The line (right-hand) corresponds to the cumulative phylogenetic diversity which is simply tree length trimmed to the species known for that year. Four species that belong to the Ecuadorian clade are highlighted (see Conclusion 5). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-recent-and-informal-infrageneric-z1ed7v2l.png Table 1 Comparison of recent and informal infrageneric classifications for Heliconia. Species composition is generally similar but not necessarily identical between the sections of these two systems (this disparity is most pronounced in the sections of subgenus Griggsia). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-reproductive-characters-plant-habit-and-distribution-2lmnwnk3.png Table 2 Reproductive characters, plant habit, and distribution for the subgenera of Heliconia (Andersson, 1992, 1985a; Kress, 1990). Plant habit in Heliconia is either banana-like (musoid) with large petiolate leaves comprising a prominent pseudostem, ginger-like (zingiberoid) with a pronounced aerial stem with relatively small leaves arising along it at regular intervals, or somewhat in-between these two extremes (cannoid). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-heliconia-phylogeny-through-time-a-calibration-prior-3cy29xla.png Fig. 3. Heliconia phylogeny through time. (a) Calibration prior, time prior, and posterior densities for the fossil constraints. The calibration prior (solid black line) with soft bounds (dashed black line) is the human-chosen prior. The time prior (red line) is the induced prior considering all the interactions with other calibration and model priors. The posterior (blue line) is the estimated time density for these calibrated nodes. Scale is relative density, areas under the curve integrate to 1, except for the calibration priors which integrate to 0.95 for Ensete oregonense and Spirematospermum chandlerae and 0.975 for Liliacidites sp. ‘A’ (entire range to 0 Ma not shown but indicated by the arrow). (b) The dated Heliconia phylogeny (see Fig. 2). The bars associated with each node are the 95% HPD for that node’s age. Fossil calibrations are indicated next to the associated node in red and with a dagger preceding them. Chronostratigraphic sequence follows Cohen et al. (2013). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/the-political-economy-of-relief-aid-allocation-evidence-from-2zkngi8qs8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-aid-agencies-assistance-probit-regression-results-2s9ltncy.png Table 11: Aid agencies assistance: Probit regression results https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-total-government-and-or-aid-agencies-assistance-2y85f82z.png Table 12: Total (government and/or aid agencies) assistance: Results of robustness tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-geographical-distribution-of-radio-coverage-in-of-hgjwjr5t.png Table 6: Geographical distribution of radio coverage (in % of population) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cyclone-impact-and-relief-per-province-in-of-10x0oos8.png Table 4: Cyclone impact and relief per province (in % of communes) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-2smod82t.png Table 5: Descriptive statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-impact-assessments-and-relief-after-cyclone-gafilo-2u47gr2m.png Table 1: Impact assessments and relief after cyclone Gafilo https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-between-impact-assessments-and-1jz5za0e.png Table 2: Correlation between impact assessments and precipitation data at district level https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-assessments-and-precipitation-data-results-of-2y6x0ssz.png Table 3: Impact assessments and precipitation data: results of analyses at district level https://scispace.com/papers/the-politics-of-plants-3alo89mk1b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-politics-of-plants-this-table-identifies-core-3trv0exr.png Table 1 | The politics of plants. This table identifies core research and policy domains linked to the management of global biomass resources, and within these highlights some of the key issues shaping activities and attitudes towards plant use for the bio-based economy. Our intention is not to artificially segregate what are in fact deeply interconnected issues, but to show how different priorities and worldviews can lead to the development of relatively isolated research or policy initiatives. Any transition towards a more bio-based economy will involve a wide range of institutions and actors from across these many domains, and will require attention to a number of social, political, economic and environmental factors. Arguably a lack of coordination is contributing to the emerging politics of plants, and greater attention to dynamics at the systems level will be required to develop more integrated and sustainable solutions. Plants might offer a useful entry point for promoting joined-up thinking and governance. https://scispace.com/papers/the-potential-and-possible-effects-of-power-grid-support-48tep81di7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comfort-profile-during-experimental-day-2fd90r1v.png Fig. 2. Comfort profile during experimental day https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comfort-profile-during-experimental-day-221a4h05.png Fig. 6. Comfort profile during experimental day https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-electrical-system-at-the-test-building-by-installation-1ehea681.png Fig. 1. Electrical system at the test building, by installation capacity. https://scispace.com/papers/the-potential-for-constructed-wetlands-to-treat-alkaline-3346o131lo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-parameters-of-bauxite-residue-leachate-2kn4s14q.png Table 1. Selected parameters of bauxite residue leachate https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dilution-rates-and-ph-of-residue-leachate-treatments-1qzg899k.png Table 2. Dilution rates and pH of residue leachate treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-plant-growth-parameters-for-phragmites-australis-and-2x855i1y.png Table 4. Plant growth parameters for Phragmites australis and microbial biomass in 167 substrate samples (means ± SE, n = 5) 168 https://scispace.com/papers/the-potential-of-agricultural-headwater-streams-to-retain-30zpnxnk2e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-phosphorus-concentrations-and-release-rates-of-the-31smn87o.png Table 2 Phosphorus concentrations and release rates of the investigated sediments (mean ± SD; n = 5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-equilibrium-phosphorus-concentrations-epc0-and-average-2pqigtvv.png Fig. 4 Equilibrium phosphorus concentrations (EPC0) and average background SRP concentrations of selected reaches (Hi Hipples stream; Str Stronsdorf stream; Stu Stutzenhofen stream; He Herrnbaumgarten stream; Wei Weiden stream). For the average background SRP concentrations, means and standard deviations are shown (n = 3–5) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-in-srp-concentrations-in-the-water-column-hlmc6wi4.png Fig. 3 Changes in SRP concentrations in the water column above the sediments of selected reaches during incubation under different initial SRP concentrations (means, n = 5). Increasing SRP concentrations indicate sedimentary SRP release, decreasing concentrations indicate sedimentary SRP uptake. Str1 forested site at Stronsdorf stream; Str2 channelized site at Stronsdorf stream; Wei channelized site at Weiden stream https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hydromorphological-and-chemical-characteristics-of-295ihjp4.png Table 1 Hydromorphological and chemical characteristics of the reach groups during the short-term phosphorus additions in summer 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively (mean ± standard deviation) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-site-map-showing-the-location-of-the-weinviertel-in-cihubmsh.png Fig. 1 Site map, showing the location of the Weinviertel in the northeastern part of Austria, the study sites, and major rivers in Austria (Danube, Dyje, and Morava). Gray circle sites investigated for instream SRP uptake; black circle sites investigated for both SRP uptake and adsorption experiments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-stream-srp-uptake-parameters-derived-from-srp-short-3syc85a8.png Fig. 2 In-stream SRP uptake parameters derived from SRP short-term addition experiments in agricultural headwater streams in the Weinviertel (n = 42 in total). a SRP mass transfer coefficients versus SRP background concentrations during the experiments. b SRP uptake lengths versus discharge during the experiments. Uptake parameters calculated from insignificant regression curves are crossed out https://scispace.com/papers/the-pre-fomc-announcement-drift-43vx5pbp28 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-common-risk-factors-2wngwx1d.png Table 8: Common Risk Factors https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cumulative-returns-on-international-stock-market-a6a9cwzz.png Figure 2: Cumulative Returns on International Stock Market Indexes Around FOMC Announcements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cumulative-returns-on-the-s-p500-around-fomc-1j3559f5.png Figure 1: Cumulative Returns on the S&P500 Around FOMC Announcements https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-crsp-value-weighted-industry-portfolio-regressions-21jb5txu.png Table 4: CRSP Value-Weighted Industry Portfolio Regressions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-intraday-realized-volatility-of-spx-returns-1878mrbu.png Figure 6: Intraday Realized Volatility of SPX Returns https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-persistence-of-excess-returns-on-s-p500-after-39kcjfbi.png Figure 5: Persistence of Excess Returns on S&P500 After Scheduled FOMC Announcements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-intraday-trading-volumes-for-the-e-mini-sp500-27i50v7m.png Figure 7: Intraday Trading Volumes for the E-mini SP500 Future https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-daily-s-p500-excess-returns-2rvqrqu0.png Table 1: Daily S&P500 Excess Returns https://scispace.com/papers/the-practice-of-professional-doctorates-the-case-of-a-u-k-5c6mvi9vyt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-themes-in-the-practice-of-professional-doctorates-3ejs0c1t.png Table 1: Themes in the practice of professional doctorates https://scispace.com/papers/the-predictive-value-of-psa-in-diagnosis-of-prostate-cancer-9fp15e5tl7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-39meon54.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-30mpd1fy.png TABLE 6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3a-3svkp0zz.png TABLE 3A https://scispace.com/papers/the-pressure-difference-between-eye-and-brain-changes-with-flfm809mkk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trans-lamina-cribrosa-pressure-differences-1kq9blgd.png Table 2. Trans-lamina cribrosa pressure differences. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-icp-and-iop-at-different-postures-3is56xa1.png Table 1. ICP and IOP at different postures. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-literature-review-on-icp-and-iop-in-humans-with-2qxvmr2u.png Table 3. Literature review on ICP and IOP in humans with respect to postures. The review includes studies in which ICP and IOP were measured and reported in mean values. Note that ICP and IOP are the measured pressures according to their reference levels and not at the level of LC. ✖ denotes not measured. *Supine or recumbent. The Berdahl et al. and Ren et al. studies also presented data on glaucoma patients. The current study appended at the end is the only one that includes healthy and IOP and ICP in both postures. The Supine/Sitting column is greyed because it is not physiological. https://scispace.com/papers/the-priming-of-priming-evidence-that-the-n400-reflects-5co7jyfbsl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-difference-waves-for-the-two-priming-effects-at-3pxiduwj.png Fig 2: (A) Difference waves for the two priming effects at midline electrodes (for more electrodes see Supplementary Material). The black line represents the sum of the relatedness effect (blue) and the consistency effect (red). (B) Voltage maps illustrate the scalp distribution of the relatedness and the consistency effect per time window. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-repeated-measures-anova-results-for-relatedness-and-356pl0cp.png Table 1 Repeated measures ANOVA results for ‘relatedness’ and ‘consistency’ effects at midline and lateral electrodes, in 100 ms time-windows from 300 to 700 ms. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-erps-in-all-three-conditions-at-12-electrodes-time-3jchv2hc.png Fig 1: ERPs in all three conditions at 12 electrodes, time-locked to the target word (vertical line). While the inconsistent condition displays a typical N400 priming effect starting at 300 ms, the consistent items show an additional N400 reduction starting around 400 ms. https://scispace.com/papers/the-production-of-11c-by-the-interaction-of-375-mev-amu-ne10-1msec72ab3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-beam-profile-determined-by-thermoluminescent-26r3cnhb.png Fig. 1. Beam profile determined by thermoluminescent dosimeters showing experimental data and its Gaussian fit. XBL 7140-4412 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-absolute-determination-of-c-o-31wphpyh.png Table 1. Absolute Determination of ¢o. https://scispace.com/papers/the-production-possibility-frontier-under-strong-input-ozzywbeckt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-ppf-as-the-upper-envelope-2pjrxckd.png Figure 2: The PPF as the upper envelope https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-possible-path-of-ex-ey-5tw0q3bi.png Figure 3: A possible path of (εx, εy) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-jump-discontinuity-on-the-ppf-3a5ies27.png Figure 1: Jump discontinuity on the PPF https://scispace.com/papers/the-property-contract-balance-3wdhrzrlky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pairwise-comparisons-for-the-two-possible-economies-2ak2si17.png Table 3 Pairwise Comparisons for the Two Possible Economies https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-property-contract-balance-culture-and-law-25zjnwju.png Figure 3 Property–Contract Balance, Culture, and Law Enforcement: OLS Regression https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-timing-8x1mb2pb.png Figure 2 Timing https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-28yvjukr.png Table 1 Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intermediarys-payoffs-under-owner-and-good-faith-1krnd9qf.png Table 2 Intermediary’s Payoffs under Owner and Good-Faith Buyer Protection if V = V https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-variables-byyg6nc4.png Table 4 Summary of Variables https://scispace.com/papers/the-prosody-of-other-repetition-in-italian-a-system-of-tunes-4w4hvpkim3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-waveform-and-pitch-trace-of-furios-repetition-dei-mgrza648.png FIGURE 1. Waveform and pitch trace of Furio’s repetition (dei gherigli ‘of the kernels’) in extract (2), line 7, produced with a RISE FROM HIGH contour to seek completion of what Sara has said. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-waveform-and-pitch-trace-of-ettores-repetition-no-1by8h13p.png FIGURE 9. Waveform and pitch trace of Ettore’s repetition (no ‘no’) in extract (11), line 10, produced with a FALL contour to register what Sofia has said. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-waveform-and-pitch-trace-of-glorias-repetition-una-fhibv71g.png FIGURE 2. Waveform and pitch trace of Gloria’s repetition (una ristampa ‘a reprint’) in extract (3), line 13, produced with a RISE-FALL contour to seek confirmation of what Elvira has said. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-waveform-and-pitch-trace-of-saras-repetition-hai-da-2xhdoldx.png FIGURE 3. Waveform and pitch trace of Sara’s repetition (hai da fare ‘you have stuff to do’) in extract (5), line 11, produced with a RISE FROM LOW contour to question the acceptability of what Furio has said. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-waveform-and-pitch-trace-of-the-latter-part-of-adas-314fbdy3.png FIGURE 4. Waveform and pitch trace of the latter part of Ada’s repetition (l’argomentazione ‘the argument’) in extract (6), line 6, produced with a SCOOPED RISE-FALL-RISE contour to question the acceptability of what Cinzia has said. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frames-from-extract-4-on-the-left-clelias-facial-4i1t6dj3.png FIGURE 5. Frames from extract (4): on the left, Clelia’s facial expression during the original turn (line 10); on the right, Clelia’s facial expression during the repetition turn (line 12). The eyebrows are furrowed as she questions the acceptability of what Lisa has said. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-waveform-and-pitch-trace-of-vandas-repetition-ce-2alflslq.png FIGURE 8. Waveform and pitch trace of Vanda’s repetition (ce l’hai ‘you have it’) in extract (10), line 11, produced with a RISE-FALL-RISE contour to seek confirmation prospectively. https://scispace.com/papers/the-provenance-of-deep-groundwater-and-its-relation-to-3pqfbmvgpu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-locations-of-the-study-area-a-and-water-samples-sites-1jf7rrly.png Fig. 1. Locations of the study area (a) and water samples sites (b) https://scispace.com/papers/the-q-numerical-range-of-3-by-3-tridiagonal-matrices-3wlqr32vmf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3157a6sg.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-3bzfs7cm.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3ih4iy8q.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3pmxxwef.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-7vm9a9lo.png Fig. 5. https://scispace.com/papers/the-rate-adapting-poisson-model-for-information-retrieval-xmf41p4eno 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-figure-4-for-ohsumed-dataset-3rr7b0uf.png Figure 5.Same as figure 4 for Ohsumed dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-figure-4-for-the-reuters-dataset-yc4nmp0j.png Figure 6.Same as Figure 4 for the Reuters dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-markov-random-field-representation-of-the-rap-model-2wwf7ibe.png Figure 1.Markov random field representation of the RAP model. Top-layer nodes represent binomial hidden variablesh while bottom-layer nodes represent Poisson visible variablesx. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-example-images-used-for-the-object-recognition-e3ilomhl.png Figure 8.Example images used for the object recognition experiments. (Top Row) Example images from the Caltech4. Classes: Airplanes, Motorcycles, Faces, Leopards. (Bottom Two Rows) Example images of four random classes from the Caltech101. Two images of each class shown to give an indication of the within class variance. Classes: Budha, Chair, Watch, Brain. Note that the Caltech101 includes the Caltech4 classes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-caltech4-performance-comparison-all-experiments-13r6jze8.png Figure 9.Caltech4 performance comparison. All experiments averaged 35 times. Baseline (chance) performance is25%. Plotted is the test performance as a function of the number of latent dimensions with 125 clusters and using a linear kernel. Performance differences between RAP and PLSI/LSI were significant for all numbers of latent dimensions (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hinge-nonlinearity-1un4rdho.png Figure 3.Hinge nonlinearity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-factor-graph-representation-of-the-marginalized-rap-3s388j0n.png Figure 2.Factor graph representation of the marginalized RAP model. Square boxes indicate word and topic factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-caltech101-performance-comparisons-using-250-24ebsuau.png Figure 11.Caltech101 performance comparisons using 250 clusters. All experiments averaged 7 times. Baseline (chance) performance is1% for this task. Same plot as in figure 9. Performance differences between RAP and PLSI were significant for 75 and 125 latent dimensions (p < 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/the-reciprocity-of-prosocial-behavior-and-positive-affect-in-4jvg5d8c3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-timing-of-the-assessments-pa5-positive-affect-2hdwuh7g.png Figure 1 Timing of the assessments. PA5 positive affect; M15Model 1; M25Model 2. The dashed arrows reflect the performed analyses. PA was assessed momentarily and prosocial behavior was assessed retrospectively, covering the previous 6 hours (from t21 to t). https://scispace.com/papers/the-reform-of-the-utilities-sector-in-argentina-1aq2yhk8kc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-changes-in-utilities-real-tariffs-from-date-of-37ab1j42.png Figure 4 Changes in utilities’ real tariffs from date of privatization to December 1999 https://scispace.com/papers/the-relation-between-shear-banding-microstructure-and-3c8krxiup0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kam-maps-of-mg-a-and-mg-3y-b-after-cold-rolling-up-2d2jv9p8.png Figure 1: KAM maps of Mg (a) and Mg-3Y (b) after cold rolling up to 10 % thickness reduction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-proposed-model-for-shear-band-formation-in-pure-mg-tqn7h3d8.png Figure 4: Proposed model for shear band formation in pure Mg and Mg-Y alloys https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tem-bright-field-images-of-a-shear-band-i-eformed-s7eddt3c.png Figure 3: TEM bright-field images of a shear band i eformed Mg 3 wt-% Y; corresponding texture in form of pole figures. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kam-maps-of-mg-3y-after-10-a-20-b-30-c-and-40-d-x1d2471c.png Figure 2: KAM maps of Mg-3Y after 10% (a), 20% (b), 30% (c) and 40% (d) thickness reduction https://scispace.com/papers/the-relation-of-photosynthesis-to-respiration-3ib3h1beuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experiment-14-2cchtucb.png FIG. 3 EXPERIMENT 14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-co-a-n-a-l-y-z-e-r-calibration-curve-used-for-barley-nx40h4el.png FIG. 2 CO, A N A L Y Z E R CALIBRATION CURVE, USED FOR BARLEY 28 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2erca084.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i1-lark-res-f-r-a-t-f-on-nm-p-mino-x-100-pre-treatment-x7jroj6x.png TABLE I1 lark Res f r a t f on nm, P mino x 100 Pre-Treatment* 20 m, D https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-experiment-28-1jnc9xlk.png FIG. 4 EXPERIMENT 28 https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-patients-illness-beliefs-and-8cbqtfphgs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-of-the-study-sample-1ngm14u0.png Table 1: Baseline characteristics of the study sample https://scispace.com/papers/the-relationship-between-sociosexuality-and-aspects-of-body-3jkpo8ovb4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-aspects-of-body-image-and-lkp1ez9t.png Table 2 Correlations between aspects of body image and global SOI score in the total sample and in the male (n = 156) and female (n = 136) subsamples https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-and-sem-for-four-aspects-of-body-image-qaob-3bwojj9p.png Table 1 Means and SEM for four aspects of body image (QAOB scale scores) and z standardized global SOI score for men (n = 156) and women (n = 136) https://scispace.com/papers/the-relevance-of-package-tourists-for-informal-sector-micro-3ip33addxk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tourist-arguments-for-and-against-the-use-of-isme-25h5ev2o.png Fig. 3: Tourist arguments for and against the use of ISME https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-spatial-distribution-of-informal-sector-micro-llxegwl4.png Fig. 2: Spatial distribution of informal sector micro-enterprises in the Kotu and Kololi resort areas https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-spatial-distribution-of-the-informal-and-formal-t7znxl5b.png Fig. 1: Spatial distribution of the informal and formal sectors in a seaside resort, based on the concept of the life-cycle of a type II-tourism-resort https://scispace.com/papers/the-research-on-the-mobile-drilling-rig-for-deep-seabed-27z18hs1ik 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-rotating-direction-of-propellers-apm110jn.png Figure 5. The rotating direction of propellers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-mechanical-model-of-the-system-2rts8npu.png Figure 6. The mechanical model of the system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-relationship-curve-of-real-time-rotational-speed-139fut6f.png Figure 14. Relationship curve of real-time rotational speed and time with the method of closed-loop control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-structure-of-mobile-drilling-rig-2xalaku4.png Figure 1. The structure of mobile drilling rig https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-hydraulic-schematic-of-single-propeller-1a533u0o.png Figure 7. The hydraulic schematic of single propeller https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-working-principle-of-closed-loop-16pcifnf.png Figure 12. The working principle of closed-loop https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-simulation-model-of-with-the-method-of-closed-loop-14790jdy.png Figure 13. Simulation model of with the method of closed-loop https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-photographs-of-sea-trial-in-september-2019-a-12jv6jzt.png Fig 19. Photographs of sea trial in September 2019. (a) Underwater photograph of plate curst; (b) Cores of plate crust and substrate rock https://scispace.com/papers/the-response-of-small-and-shallow-lakes-to-climate-change-518ao95fwl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-thermal-growth-rate-calculated-after-eq-7-the-247ci984.png Figure 2. Thermal growth rate calculated after Eq. (7). The horizontal dashed line for GR= 0.2 d−1 meets the curve at the temperature limits for the calculation of the GDDs (10 and 37 ◦C, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spatial-analysis-of-stratification-a-probability-1biavniv.png Figure 7. Spatial analysis of stratification. (a) Probability density function (PDF) for the mean GR during stratification over the computational domain and over time; (b) four examples of spatial distribution for the mean GR during stratification over the lake; (c) PDF for GDDs during stratification over the computational domain and over the years; (d) four examples of spatial distribution for annual GDDs during stratification over the lake. Grey cells in (b) and (d) do not stratify longer than 10 d over a year. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-panels-time-evolution-of-the-probability-20rllrr4.png Figure 6. Top panels: time evolution of the probability density function of the anomalies (i.e. the spatial deviations of a variable to its annual mean over the lake). Bottom panels: time evolution of the annual mean calculated over the lake. (a) Mean annual surface water temperature; (b) annual SSDs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-satellite-picture-of-lake-champs-sur-marne-source-23ljvqox.png Figure 1. (a) Satellite picture of Lake Champs-sur-Marne (source: geoportail.fr) and sketch of the measuring system at the two locations (A and B). (b) Bathymetry and horizontal mesh of the study site as used in Delft3D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-annual-averages-of-the-three-meteorological-fhi4210n.png Figure 4. Annual averages of the three meteorological variables that exhibit significant monotonic trends: (a) air temperature, (b) solar radiation, and (c) wind speed. The relative overall trend intensity was evaluated through Sen’s slope estimator for air temperature (orange dashed line, a), whereas a piecewise trend was calculated after change-point detection for solar radiation and wind speed (black dashed lines, b and c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-model-performance-during-validation-at-site-a-a-c-3ex1nfxd.png Figure 3. Model performance during validation at site A. (a–c) Parity diagrams between simulations and observations for the surface, middle, and bottom layers, respectively. (d) Visual comparison of simulated and observed water temperature at the middle layer. (e) Modelled (orange) vs. observed (blue) temperature difference between the surface and bottom layer and relative comparison between the timing of observed and modelled stable stratification events (panels f and g, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-statistically-significant-climate-change-trends-at-35m8qngi.png Figure 5. Statistically significant climate change trends at monitoring site A for the five indices, both on an annual (black) and seasonal (other colours) basis. (a) Water temperature (averaged on the water column); (b) number of stably stratified days (SSDs); (c) Schmidt stability; (d) Growth rate; and (e) growing degree days (GDDs). Blue lines represent the winter season, green lines represent spring, red lines are for summer trends, and yellow lines for autumn; black lines represent annual values. https://scispace.com/papers/the-results-of-a-multi-centre-audit-of-the-prescribing-of-1izmhzgfnq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-audited-standards-and-the-findings-2xl95iy6.png Table 1. Audited standards and the findings https://scispace.com/papers/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-new-variant-of-chlamydia-1flr17o3kn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-deviance-information-criterion-dic-values-for-21-gdyvr89g.png Figure 1 Deviance information criterion (DIC) values for 21 different models, each of which assumes that new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis emerged in that county. Red bars are Abbott- Roche (AR) counties, blue bars are Becton Dickinson (BD) counties. Intensity of shading inversely proportional to DIC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-fixed-and-variable-model-parameters-zwf5cjgv.png Table 1 Description of fixed and variable model parameters, and model derived quantities https://scispace.com/papers/the-robustness-and-efficiency-of-monetary-policy-rules-as-4go6j9xkwn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-effect-of-a-fiscal-shock-in-germany-20-quarters-2hb7aeoc.png Figure 2. Effect of a Fiscal Shock in Germany (20 quarters). Rule 1 (solid): ECB interest rate reacts to German variables. Rule 2 (dashed): ECB interest rate reacts EMU variables. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-illustration-of-stable-versus-unstable-monetary-1ktvmu92.png Figure 1. Illustration of Stable versus Unstable Monetary Policy https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-multicountry-model-simulations-comparing-three-2uvz7wt1.png Table 5. Multicountry Model Simulations Comparing Three Alternative Monetary Policy Rules for the ECB Interest Rate. (The standard deviation of inflation (σπ) and the standard deviation of output (σy ) are estimated from 50 stochastic simulations of the model over 40 quarterly time periods). https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-simple-benchmark-rule-parameters-and-resulting-26ut5v0y.png Table 4. Simple Benchmark Rule Parameters and Resulting Inflation and Output Performance based on Rudebusch-Svensson Equations in Table 3: US versus EMU. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-rudebusch-svensson-inflation-output-a20plpxt.png Table 3. Comparison of Rudebusch-Svensson Inflation-Output Equations: US and EMU https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-robustness-results-for-alternative-interest-rate-2mw4r8xg.png Table 2. Robustness Results for Alternative Interest Rate Rules https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-colloids-and-other-fractions-in-the-below-ground-2i4xkcol0t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-the-concentrations-of-total-blue-2v5xt1qr.png Fig. 5. Distribution of the concentrations of total (blue), dissolved (green), medium-sized colloidal (yellow) and fine (red) P fractions (total (dark colour), reactive and unreactive (light colour) P species) in the locations of transect TA over the baseline sampling period (February 2019-June 2019). SS denotes soil solution, GW denotes groundwater, DS denotes downslope and MS denotes midslope. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-total-p-reactive-p-and-unreactive-p-in-the-total-1khp776t.png Fig. 11. Total P, reactive P and unreactive P (in the total, dissolved and fine P fractions) transfer pathways based on hydrograph recession analysis for flow event A1. QF, quickflow; IF, interflow; SF, shallow baseflow; BF, deeper baseflow. Horizontal lines represent the baseline median concentrations. The difference between TDP and TFPcoll is TPcoll, the difference between DRP and FRPcoll is RPcoll and the difference between DUP and FUPcoll is UPcoll. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-location-of-the-two-study-catchments-in-ireland-and-2im6r0ld.png Fig. 1. Location of the two study catchments in Ireland and instrumentation with study hillslopes and transects (T). For reference, the graph shows average concentrations (± standard error; only bars in the positive direction are shown) of total dissolved P (TDP), dissolved reactive P (DRP) and dissolved unreactive P (DUP) in stream and shallow GW (monthly grab samples, 2010–2017 – unpublished ACP data). MS and DS denote midslope and downslope, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hydrometric-and-hydro-chemical-summary-of-the-flow-3e5kl1wi.png Table 2 Hydrometric and hydro-chemical summary of the flow events monitored in the two study transects. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-phosphorus-flow-weighted-average-concentrations-in-the-2ldorprc.png Fig. 6. Phosphorus flow weighted average concentrations in the streams during quickflow QF, interflow IF, shallow baseflow SF, deeper baseflow BF and in shallow GW (SGW) at DS during flow events G-1, G-2 and A-1. Fine P (red) is included in dissolved P (green) which is included in total P (blue). The difference between TDP and TFPcoll is TPcoll, the difference between DRP and FRPcoll is RPcoll and the difference between DUP and FUPcoll is UPcoll. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-transect-soil-and-lithology-characteristics-1mbhdxr9.png Table 1 Transect soil and lithology characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-total-p-reactive-p-and-unreactive-p-in-the-total-1v66nmu8.png Fig. 10. Total P, reactive P and unreactive P (in the total, dissolved and fine P fractions) transfer pathways based on hydrograph recession analysis for flow event G2. QF, quickflow; IF, interflow; SF, shallow baseflow; BF, deeper baseflow. Horizontal lines represent the baseline median concentrations. The difference between TDP and TFPcoll is TPcoll, the difference between DRP and FRPcoll is RPcoll and the difference between DUP and FUPcoll is UPcoll. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-the-automated-low-flow-and-lowdisturbance-2cb69tv6.png Fig. 2. Schematic of the automated low-flow and lowdisturbance GW sampler which operated on a 120 min cycle described as follows: 1) GW is pumped for 15 min (from t0min to t15min) from the piezometer, the tank is filled; 2) the multiparameter probe installed in the tank measures sample oxidation reduction potential (ORP) 15 min later (at t30min); 3) the automated sampler installed in the tank takes a sub-sample 30 min later (at t60min). The pumping of the next sample starts 60 min later (at t120min) and the same cycle starts again. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-ethnographic-studies-in-empirical-software-3o4r6zxlvu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concurrent-ethnography-and-design-1tgbqcjq.png Figure 1. Concurrent Ethnography and Design https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-cognitive-fit-in-the-relationship-between-4r61feg13b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparability-measures-for-the-original-programs-3bmjiqop.png Table 1. Comparability Measures for the Original Programs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-research-model-of-the-relationships-among-cognitive-33ldpfuw.png Figure 4. Research Model of the Relationships Among Cognitive Fit, Comprehension, and Modification Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparability-measures-for-modified-programs-t4yj4ah4.png Table 2. Comparability Measures for Modified Programs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-extended-cognitive-fit-model-1h1n3et7.png Figure 2. Extended Cognitive Fit Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparison-of-data-density-and-decision-density-for-1n3mdvfu.png Table 3. Comparison of Data Density and Decision Density for the Modified Programs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-observed-relationships-among-cognitive-fit-1rnlo1m1.png Figure 6. Observed Relationships Among Cognitive Fit, Comprehension, and Modification Performance https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-relationship-between-percent-change-in-1cdgh8gk.png Figure 7. Relationship Between Percent Change in Comprehension and Performance on Modification Task in Conditions of Cognitive Fit https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cognitive-fit-in-problem-solving-1ozk8wxi.png Figure 1. Cognitive Fit in Problem Solving https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-discriminatory-experiences-on-hispanic-students-2u78lsztzq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-comparison-of-students-enrolling-at-a-4-2jpz0hgo.png Table 2 Descriptive Comparison of Students Enrolling at a 4-Year Versus 2-Year Institution https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-logistic-regression-model-parameter-estimates-and-y52l94dv.png Table 4 Logistic Regression Model: Parameter Estimates and Model Evaluation Predicting Students’ Decisions to Attend a 4-Year Versus 2-Year Institution https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-logistic-model-specifications-xmybqoc6.png Table 1 Logistic Model Specifications https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-experiences-of-students-enrolling-at-a-4-year-versus-3vhijxo7.png Table 3 Experiences of Students Enrolling at a 4-Year Versus 2-Year Institution https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-informal-seed-systems-in-disseminating-modern-4gxyjoop10 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-reasons-for-second-time-seed-acquisition-from-283ut3ti.png Table 6. Reasons for second time seed acquisition from sources outside the farms. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-proportion-of-farmers-who-purchased-local-and-npp-18kkx8oq.png Table 5. Proportion (%) of farmers who purchased local and NPP 670 seed from other farmers as opposed to being given free gifts of the same. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-other-farmers-and-market-as-sources-of-pure-seed-of-3g667w8e.png Table 7. Other farmers and market as sources of pure seed of NPP 670. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sampling-scheme-for-selecting-farmers-to-be-3ulp13xm.png Table 1. Sampling scheme for selecting farmers to be interviewed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-most-important-characteristics-of-pigeonpea-28c5aqtk.png Table 2. Most important characteristics of pigeonpea varieties grown by farmers https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-adoption-and-dis-adoption-of-npp-670-pigeonpea-fn37vi5g.png Table 8. Adoption and dis-adoption of NPP 670 pigeonpea. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-number-and-percentage-of-farmers-acquiring-local-and-1gfc9jah.png Table 4. Number (and percentage) of farmers acquiring local and NPP 670 pigeonpea seed from different sources for the ®rst and most recent occasions. https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-inner-values-to-teamwork-during-design-for-3nzj8i4vkm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-context-of-research-by-author-1nlw3m8c.png Figure 2: Context of Research. By author. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-likelihood-scale-from-survey-164r4qon.png Figure 5: Results of likelihood scale from survey https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-literature-on-hopefulness-for-co-operation-28c433wl.png Table 1: Key literature on Hopefulness for co-operation during team work for DfSI https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-key-literature-on-generosity-of-spirit-during-team-s2egkx8z.png Table 2: Key literature on Generosity of spirit during team work for DfSI https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-key-literature-on-patience-during-teamwork-for-dfsi-2piykhnt.png Table 4: Key literature on Patience during teamwork for DfSI https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-key-literature-on-hopefulness-for-co-operation-3jzlgesg.png Table 3: Key literature on Hopefulness for co-operation during team work for DfSI https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-key-literature-on-being-non-judgmental-during-1o1xogvx.png Table 6: Key literature on being Non-judgmental during teamwork for DfSI https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-key-literature-on-keeping-beginner-s-mind-during-or1fwv4g.png Table 7: Key literature on keeping Beginner's mind during teamwork for DfSI https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-l1-and-l2-frequency-in-cross-linguistic-31yoaehf2b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hartsuiker-bernolet-s-2017-developmental-theory-18iu8e57.png Figure 1. Hartsuiker & Bernolet's (2017) developmental theory. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-proportion-of-po-responses-in-the-pre-priming-block-19vkwc6m.png Table 2. Proportion of PO responses in the pre-priming block. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-sentences-in-pp02-dutch-3uzkf6q1.png Table 1. Examples of sentences in PP02 & Dutch. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-proportion-of-po-responses-in-dutch-for-each-7vph8t7u.png Figure 2. Proportion of PO responses in Dutch for each priming condition and bias (with 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-leadership-in-regional-climate-change-adaptation-fhipo2hnwm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-leadership-functions-and-observed-leaders-across-the-2spz9zk3.png Table 2 | Leadership functions and observed leaders across the four cases (NB: the third row contains outcomes of the adaptive leadership function, not leaders) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-leadership-functions-their-locus-and-associated-mbnkkgew.png Table 1 | Leadership functions, their locus and associated tasks (after Meijerink & Stiller 2013) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-framework-of-leadership-functions-for-climate-3jlr4j0w.png Figure 1 | A framework of leadership functions for climate adaptation (Meijerink & Stiller 2013). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-medications-in-predicting-activity-restriction-rt2qvglk4e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-explanatory-variables-and-demographic-56tklzfx.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unadjusted-relationship-of-therapeutic-drug-classes-2geflln2.png Table 2. Unadjusted Relationship of Therapeutic Drug Classes to Activity Restriction Due to a Fear of Falling https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-185e4z8v.png Table 1. (continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multivariate-models-predicting-activity-restriction-1quftk2b.png Table 3. Multivariate Models Predicting Activity Restriction Due to a Fear of Falling https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-noncognitive-skills-in-explaining-cognitive-test-5aa7uhvkif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-correlation-coefficient-between-economic-3bfyd7e1.png Table III Correlation Coefficient between Economic Preference Parameters and Personality Traits https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-cognitive-test-scores-personality-and-preferences-1tjf0qdg.png Table IV Cognitive Test Scores, Personality and Preferences https://scispace.com/figures/figure-i-preference-parameters-1o71p1q6.png Figure I Preference Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-value-of-time-6qz7c32g.png Figure II Value of Time https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-cognitive-test-scores-22yf0tsv.png Table I Cognitive Test Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-the-responsiveness-of-personality-traits-and-3knan1jz.png Table V The Responsiveness of Personality Traits and Preference Parameters to Incentive Pay https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-correlation-coefficients-2dawfhad.png Table II Correlation Coefficients https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-motivation-to-eat-in-the-prediction-of-weight-4q7wziclni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-percentages-of-dieting-healthy-and-unhealthy-weight-310fkcmz.png Table 2 Percentages of Dieting, Healthy and Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors at Both Time Points for Females and Males https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-means-m-and-standard-deviations-sd-of-motivation-to-2lcxs5rx.png Table 1 Means (M) and Standard Deviations (SD) of Motivation to Eat and Number of Healthy and Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors for Females and Males https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-orthographic-and-semantic-learning-in-word-24con2zmzl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlations-between-the-measures-of-orthographic-32e87dqe.png Table 3 Correlations Between the Measures of Orthographic Learning, Semantic Learning, Word Reading, Reading Comprehension, and Control https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-non-words-used-in-the-learning-task-1swi1b7q.png Table 2 Non-Words Used in the Learning Task https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-of-the-control-variables-on-word-reading-wr-2hck221o.png Table 4 Effects of the Control Variables on Word Reading (WR) and Reading Comprehension (RC) in the Predictive Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-initial-a-and-modified-b-measurement-models-lwtdcgpd.png Figure 1. Initial (a) and modified (b) measurement models. Standardised estimates are presented. *p < .05. **p < .01.***p < .001 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-the-measures-of-wcylwg0t.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for the Measures of Orthographic Learning, Semantic Learning, Word Reading, Reading Comprehension, and Control https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simplified-representation-of-the-model-predicting-11t36v0r.png Figure 2. Simplified representation of the model predicting word reading and reading comprehension from orthographic learning and semantic learning. Standardised estimates are presented. Grey dotted lines represent non-significant effects. *p < .05. ***p < .001 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-radiotherapy-in-the-treatment-of-superficial-2hx2k6lunz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-2wf3z1wo.png Fig. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-local-recurrence-rate-in-patients-with-superficial-1x33jqqy.png Table V. Local recurrence rate in patients with superficial low- grade soft- tissue sarcoma stratified by resection margin in millimetres. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-local-recurrence-rate-in-patients-with-superficial-21fpoj4t.png Table IV. Local recurrence rate in patients with superficial high- grade soft- tissue sarcoma stratified by resection margin in millimetres. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-local-recurrence-free-survival-according-to-use-of-1qzr7crr.png Table III. Local recurrence- free survival according to use of radiotherapy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-patient-demographics-smsp810e.png Table I. Patient demographics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3drg54be.png Fig. 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-multivariate-analysis-for-local-recurrence-free-2nqe99m8.png Table II. Multivariate analysis for local recurrence- free survival and disease- specific survival. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-3iet4x3j.png Fig. 2 https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-sedimentation-rate-and-permeability-in-the-slope-19ssplfm2d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-time-for-average-consolidation-avu-depending-on-wm-2juzw4et.png Table 2: Time for average consolidation ( avU ) depending on wm and K for H=60m. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-oedemeter-tests-ei-2-75-iw-boring-md99-1fyzvev3.png Table 3: Summary of oedemeter tests (ei=2.75* iW ); Boring MD99-2288. iW , water content; oe , void ratio; K , permeability coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-a-and-l-parameters-obtained-from-oedometer-tests-rd0s9y0u.png Table 4: a and λ parameters obtained from oedometer tests (Boring MD99 2288). ' oP , in-situ vertical effective stress; iW , water content; oe , void ratio; ' voσ and ' vσ , initial and final vertical effective stresses during consolidation tests; aε , axial deformation; aε , compressibility index. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-excess-pore-pressure-from-piezometers-2xkudp2e.png Table 5: Estimated excess pore pressure from piezometers (Strout & Tjelta 2005). NF, northern flank. Excess Pore Pressure ratio in % of hydrostatic. Site locations are shown on Figure 20. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-two-main-sediment-types-in-ofd0fqg7.png Table 1: Characteristics of the two main sediment types in the Storegga slide area https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-semiotics-in-connecting-the-spaces-words-and-1nyga8m3qa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-multiple-orders-of-the-sign-adapted-from-38cc2v8i.png Figure 1. The multiple orders of the sign. Adapted from Barthes (1972). https://scispace.com/papers/the-role-of-ubiquitylation-in-nerve-cell-development-16jy5r84yl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-figure-3-regulation-of-neurogenesis-by-1c8ac04k.png Figure 3: Figure 3 | Regulation of neurogenesis by ubiquitylation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-roles-of-betulinic-acid-on-circulating-concentrations-of-1lu1mqpj3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-2ja6cxyv.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-247s69wt.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-25dukiby.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1cy3aqok.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-s-factor-of-the-3h-3h-2n-4he-and-3he-3he-2n-4he-9qpt5xxica 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-convergence-of-thes-factor-of-the-reaction-3h-3h-2n-12byisj8.png FIG. 8. Convergence of theS factor of the reaction 3H(3H,2n)4He for Kmax ranging from 0 to 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-contribution-of-three-cluster-channels-to-the-totals-39dr2fdq.png FIG. 6. Contribution of three-cluster channels to the totalS factor of the reactions3H(3H,2n)4He and 3He(3He,2p)4He in a full calculation withKmax510. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-contribution-of-three-cluster-channels-to-the-totals-3b8h9ehy.png FIG. 7. Contribution of three-cluster channels to the totalS factor of the reactions3H(3H,2n)4He in a full calculation withKmax 510 in the energy range 0<E<1000 keV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-ground-state-of6he-as-a-function-of-the-number-o-qd2iv3ws.png FIG. 2. Ground state of6He as a function of the number o oscillator shellsN in the AM three-cluster model compared to th results of Ref.@19#. The energy is relative to thea1n1n threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-calculated-and-experimental-differential-cross-sec-19zgx2ml.png FIG. 11. Calculated and experimental differential cross sec for the reaction3He(3He,2p)4He. Experimental data are taken from Ref. @25#. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-partial-differential-cross-sections-of-the-reactio-3h-3dorwm12.png FIG. 10. Partial differential cross sections of the reactio 3H(3H,2n)4He and3He(3He,2p)4He. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-partial-cross-sections-for-the-reaction3he-3he-2p-4he-2i2p5ttl.png FIG. 12. Partial cross sections for the reaction3He(3He,2p)4He obtained for individualK50,2, and 4 components, compared to t coupled calculation withKmax54 and the full calculations with Kmax510. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-s-factor-of-the-reaction3h-3h-2n-4he-the-experimental-2gzmfho5.png FIG. 4. S factor of the reaction3H(3H,2n)4He. The experimental data are taken from@26# ~Serov!, @27# ~Govorov!, @28# ~Brown!, and @29# ~Agnew!. https://scispace.com/papers/the-safety-of-the-use-of-bisphenol-a-in-medical-devices-53mn9uj5ce 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-badge-bisphenol-a-diglycidyl-ether-bis-gma-hy6a51gc.png Figure 1: BADGE: Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether; Bis-GMA: Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate; Bis-DMA: Bisphenol A dimethylacrylate; Bis-EMA:ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bpa-in-saliva-after-application-of-a-dental-sealant-1352fxn2.png Table 2: BPA in saliva after application of a dental sealant https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bpa-exposure-from-medical-devices-as-estimated-for-2snr6t8k.png Table 6: BPA exposure from medical devices as estimated for various use scenarios. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-derivation-of-estimates-of-possible-exposure-to-bpa-263rh69s.png Table 3: Derivation of estimates of possible exposure to BPA from medical devices made of plasticised PVC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bpa-released-in-experimental-media-in-vitro-20boyssx.png Table 1: BPA released in experimental media (in vitro) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pre-and-perinatal-exposure-in-carcinogenic-studies-3gas68n1.png Table 5: Pre- and perinatal exposure in carcinogenic studies with and without inducing agents https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-bpa-exposure-from-medical-devices-as-estimated-for-3f37odar.png Table 4: BPA exposure from medical devices as estimated for various use scenarios. https://scispace.com/papers/the-second-paycheck-to-keep-up-with-the-joneses-relative-2zann1kr88 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-znhcplfu.png Table 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-10geu8s6.png Table 2. Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effects-of-mens-income-inequality-on-womens-labor-1umzdxpv.png Table 3. Effects of Men’s Income Inequality on Women’s Labor Supply https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-of-mens-income-inequality-on-womens-labor-140uayvn.png Table 5. Effects of Men’s Income Inequality on Women’s Labor Supply https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-differences-in-reaction-to-income-inequality-by-548u5swc.png Table 6. Differences in Reaction to Income Inequality by Class https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overtime-changes-in-womens-labor-market-7g1klve5.png Table 1. Overtime Changes in Women’s Labor Market Participation in 1970’s https://scispace.com/papers/the-science-of-human-behavior-biological-and-psychological-3j62rtyqgz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-diagram-illustrating-the-divisions-of-the-central-rvjvx51y.png FIG. 10. Diagram illustrating the divisions of the central nervous system. (After Morris.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-stereotro-2468cylb.png FIG. 4. Stereotro- https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-amceba-proteus-c-v-contractile-vacuole-ee-ectosarc-en-3p4uesok.png FIG. 5. Amceba proteus. c.v., contractile vacuole; ee., ectosarc; en., endosarc; nu., nucleus ; ps., pseudopodia. (From Jennings, after Leidy, slightly modified.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-positive-chemotropism-body-are-struck-by-the-lines-6nc8128b.png FIG. 2. Positive chemotropism. body are struck by the lines Slide showing the positive reaction < jra / ,1 j-rr https://scispace.com/papers/the-scuba-2-cosmology-legacy-survey-ultraluminous-star-5gou1kzeu2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-the-dust-temperature-luminosity-td-lbol-2vpkiwr8.png Figure 5. Left: the dust temperature-luminosity (Td-Lbol) relation for the active galaxies in the structure around Cl 0218.3−0510. We plot the individual SPIRE and SCUBA-2 detected ULIRGs and the results from the fits to the stacked fluxes for the narrowband [O ii] emitters and the SPIRE/SCUBA-2 undetected MIPS/radio sources. We also show the luminosity limit at z = 1.6 as a function of dust temperature for sources at the limit of the SPIRE 250 μm map (9.2 mJy 3σ , dotted line), the trend found by Symeonidis et al. (2013) for z 1 Herschel galaxies and its dispersion (solid and dashed lines), and contours showing the density distribution predicted by the model of the local Td-Lbol relation in Valiante et al. (2009) after applying our 250 μm flux limit. The apparent trend at z 1 appears to agree well with the less-active populations at z = 1.6, but both it and the Valiante distribution appear to predict higher typical Td than observed for the most active, ultraluminous systems. We caution that the Symeonidis et al. sample is flux limited (in contrast, our survey is effectively volume limited) and this complicates the derivation of this trend. Right: the luminosity function for SPIRE/SCUBA-2 detected, photometrically selected cluster galaxies along with the points denoting the volume density and average Lbol from stacking analysis of the [O ii] narrowband emitter population in the cluster and those MIPS/radio source members that are not individually detected in two or more SPIRE/SCUBA-2 bands. We compare this distribution with the field luminosity functions for a z = 1.2–1.6 250 μm-selected sample from Casey et al. (2012) and from an ALMA-identified 870 μm-selected sample at z ∼ 2 from Swinbank et al. (2014), finding rough agreement. In both plots, we have scaled down the luminosities of the comparison samples by 1.25 ± 0.01 to reflect the difference in luminosity measurements based on template fitting (as used in the comparisons) and the simple modified blackbody fits employed here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-smgs-2byaeu6x.png Table 1 Properties of SMGs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-far-infrared-submm-seds-for-the-22-cluster-members-1nwnl9jo.png Figure 4. Far-infrared/submm SEDs for the 22 cluster members with two or more detections in the SPIRE and SCUBA-2 wavebands (see also Table 1). We fit a modified blackbody model, with β = 1.5, to the SPIRE 250, 350, and 500 μm and SCUBA-2 850 μm data points (non-detections are plotted at a flux corresponding to 1σ ). The median luminosity and temperature of this sample is Lbol = (1.7 ± 0.3) × 1012 L and Td = 33.0 ± 1.2 K. The best-fit models are shown by the solid curves and the 1σ limits are shown by dotted curves. In addition, we show in the lower right the equivalent fits to the stacked far-infrared/submm emission from those MIPS/radio cluster members that are not individually detected in more than one band and from the narrowband [O ii] sample. As expected, these samples show lower bolometric luminosities than the individually detected sources with: MIPS/radio, Lbol = 0.4+0.6−0.3 × 1012 L and Td = 33 ± 6 K; [O ii], LIR = 0.04+0.07−0.03 × 1012 L https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-left-the-observed-irac-4-5-mm-magnitude-1t254vtm.png Figure 8. Left: the observed IRAC 4.5 μm magnitude distribution for the various cluster populations within the central 4 Mpc diameter region of the cluster: SPIRE/SCUBA-2 detected, narrowband [O ii], and photometric redshift selected. We also plot in gray the distribution of passive cluster galaxies using the color selection of Papovich et al. (2012). These are comparable in apparent restframe H-band luminosity to the far-infrared/submm-detected cluster ULIRGs, but they are expected to fade less to the present day and so will correspond to intrinsically more luminous galaxies at z ∼ 0. Both the passive and cluster ULIRGs are brighter than the bulk of the [O ii] and photometrically selected samples. Right: we show as the gray solid histogram the predicted z ∼ 0 combined distribution of the descendants of the SPIRE/SCUBA-2 and passive cluster members from the left-hand panel, compared with the observed absolute H-band magnitude distribution of local elliptical galaxies from Poggianti et al. (2013). The fading of the two populations is predicted to be ΔMH ∼ 3.3 for the SPIRE/SCUBA-2 sources assuming they are seen halfway through a 100 Myr burst at z = 1.62 and ΔMH ∼ 1.4 for the passive populations, adopting a formation epoch of z ∼ 2.5 consistent with the bulk of the field SMG population (Simpson et al. 2014). This means that the present-day luminosities of the passive population at z = 1.6 match those of the brighter half of the local ellipticals, while the z = 1.6 ULIRGs fade to become the fainter half of the elliptical population at z ∼ 0. The reader should be aware that the relative normalization of the distributions is arbitrary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-true-color-vk4-5mm-images-of-the-31-spire-scuba-2-3tmunudo.png Figure 2. True-color VK4.5μm images of the 31 SPIRE/SCUBA-2-detected cluster members with 24 μm contours overlaid (starting at 3σ of the sky noise and incremented by 1σ ). The far-infrared/submm sources are typically fairly luminous and exhibit red colors, with roughly half of them showing close companions on scales of 30–50 kpc. Each panel is 18.′′6 square (160 kpc at z = 1.6) and the tick marks are every 2′′ with north up and east to the left. The green squares mark those sources with radio counterparts, the SCUBA-2 detected sources are 29, 37, 40, 57, and 58, and we show the ALMA 870 μm continuum map from J. M. Simpson et al. (in preparation) as blue contours on the panel for source 37 (starting at 3σ and incremented by 2σ ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-the-mass-normalized-sfr-for-galaxies-1gat1tu6.png Figure 6. Evolution of the mass-normalized SFR (for galaxies more luminous that LFIR = 1011 L ) in clusters and groups as a function of redshift. We plot Cl 0218.3−0510 and the data from Popesso et al. (2012). This shows that this z = 1.62 cluster extends the trend for higher mass-normalized SFRs out to the highest redshifts. The cross-hatched region shows the fitted trend from Popesso et al. (2012) for clusters of galaxies and the solid line shows the (1+z)7 evolution proposed by Geach et al. (2006), based on the field evolution of luminous infrared galaxies found by Cowie et al. (2004). We see that the strong evolution implied by the latter model is a better fit to the high-redshift systems than the trend proposed by Popesso et al. The lower error on the Cl 0218.3−0510 data point indicates the reduction in integrated SFR that occurs if we remove the brightest source from the sample (to reflect the potential contamination of the sample by unrelated sources), while the upper error shows the result of including lower-luminosity, star-forming galaxies in the structure from the narrowband [O ii] survey of Tadaki et al. (2012). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-in-bolometric-luminosity-of-sources-with-exstrd3o.png Figure 7. Variation in bolometric luminosity of sources with environment in the structure associated with Cl 0218.3−0510, parameterized by the galaxy density. We show the individual SPIRE/SCUBA-2 selected members, the remaining farinfrared/submm-undetected MIPS/radio sources (and the median stack of the latter as a large filled circle), and the narrowband [O ii] population (with their individual Lbol determined from their [O ii] luminosities and a scaling factor derived from the stacked detection of this sample from Figure 4 and plotted here as the large filled square). The error bars on the stacked points represent the density range of each sample and the 1σ uncertainties on their Lbol. The local galaxy density is determined from the smoothed distribution of photometrically selected probable cluster members shown in Figure 1. We also plot as a gray wedge a linear fit and the 1σ uncertainties to the running mean trend of Lbol for the star-forming populations with galaxy surface density, which shows a factor of ∼3 decline in characteristic Lbol over a factor of two range in local galaxy density. We show the median density for the passive cluster galaxies plotted in Figure 8 (using the color selection of Papovich et al. 2012), where these galaxies have been given an arbitrary Lbol value. It can be seen that the most active galaxies reside in a distinct environment from these passive systems. Finally, we overplot the expected variation in mean SFR in a matched population of galaxies in clusters at z = 1.6 from the Millennium database using the Font et al. (2008) prescription for galaxy formation (we show representative error bars on the trend). We see that the model shows no decline in mean SFR with environment in halos at this epoch, in contrast with the observations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-observed-z-h-4-5mm-distribution-for-the-confirmed-2sleardo.png Figure 3. Observed (z′ − H )-4.5μm distribution for the confirmed and probable cluster members identified by their different selection techniques (see Section 2.4). These observables roughly map to (U − V )-MH in the restframe at z ∼ 1.6. Most of the photometric members define a blue cloud, which is also seen in the [O ii] emitters, with the remainder inhabiting a more luminous and redder clump at (z′ −H ) 1.5. The far-infrared/submm-detected and the MIPS/radio sources are distributed very differently, with most of them having redder colors and brighter restframe H-band luminosities than the less-active populations. We also mark the six statistically associated [O ii] counterparts to five of the SCUBA-2 sources, which have much bluer colors than the bulk of the SPIRE/SCUBA-2 counterparts and which we exclude from our analysis (see Section 2.5). Finally, we compare the distribution of galaxies to that predicted by the Millennium simulation (see Section 3.1) using the galaxy evolution model of Font et al. (2008), where the number density of sources in the theoretical model is shown as contours starting at 5% of the peak density and incremented by 10%. While the model successfully reproduces the colors of the bulk of the star-forming galaxies, it clearly underpredicts the number of the reddest and brightest galaxies, both passive and active. https://scispace.com/papers/the-seismic-analyzer-interpreting-and-illustrating-2d-35n82ust41 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-left-texture-transfer-functions-with-blue-graphs-1eppbbdr.png Fig. 8. Left: Texture transfer functions with blue graphs defining opacities. (a) Right: Textures following the parameterization of the reflection data. (b) Right: Textures following a uniform parameterization. Texture lookup values increase linearly from left to right in (a) and (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-two-well-log-transfer-functions-left-a-well-log-with-2g25aq9c.png Fig. 10. Two well log transfer functions. Left: a well log with full opacity. Right: a well log with full opacity only for low and high well log values. The vertical line shows the well log path. The blue vertical graph shows the values of the well log for the well’s gamma-ray radioactivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-all-extracted-horizon-lines-b-horizons-with-angles-25fh9u7h.png Fig. 9. a) All extracted horizon lines. b) Horizons with angles between 2 and 10 degrees are textured with a brick texture. The original seismic reflection data is shown in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-transfer-functions-for-the-derived-chaos-and-dip-2vv8c6gy.png Fig. 11. The transfer functions for the derived chaos and dip attributes are defined at the bottom. The chaos attribute is transparent for low values and semi-transparent for high values with an opaque peak in between. The peak creates an opaque halo which separates low and high chaos values. A similar effect is seen for the dip attribute. The original reflection data is seen in the background. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-a-use-case-of-an-iterative-drill-down-into-the-2r5qbs29.png Fig. 12. A use case of an iterative drill down into the seismic reflection data. To get an overview, visual parameters are edited while looking at thumbnail-sized slices (1-5). This is followed by zooming into the data twice (5-6 and 6-7). a) is a texture transfer function on the derived chaos attribute, b) is a texture transfer function on the derived dip attribute, and c) is a line transfer function on the derived reflection intensity attribute. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-slices-with-reflection-data-at-top-and-derived-1w6r5et3.png Fig. 3. Slices with reflection data at top and derived attributes below. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-seismic-analyzer-the-brown-rounded-rectangles-dil0zd8r.png Fig. 4. The seismic analyzer. The brown rounded rectangles represent our algorithms and refer to the sections describing them. The ’seismic surveys’ rectangle represents the process of obtaining the seismic data. The ’derive attributes’ rectangle represents the process of deriving attributes using external software. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-images-created-during-an-interpretation-figure-a-n8l76fmb.png Fig. 13. Images created during an interpretation. Figure a) shows manually drawn yellow lines for separating strata. Figures b)-i) are rendered with our system. They are discussed in Section 5.2. Ellipses in (d) and (e) pinpoint the difference from the previous image. Arrows in (h) point out areas of medium (orange) and high (blue) mound characteristics. https://scispace.com/papers/the-shared-reward-dilemma-on-structured-populations-wzqn65xjd5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-asymptotic-density-of-cooperators-versus-neighborhood-28ck802y.png Fig. 4 Asymptotic density of cooperators versus neighborhood radius for ζ = 0.65 and δ = 0.55 (left panel) and ζ = 1.15 and δ = 0.38 (right panel). These choices correspond, respectively, to the scenarios 1/2 < ζ < 1 and ζ > 1, in the region where there is only one equilibrium for the one-shot game on lattices with values q = 0.42 and q = 0.41, respectively. Stars correspond to the random Erdös–Rényi network, diamonds to the square lattice with rhombic neighborhoods, and squares to square neighborhoods https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-three-possible-scenarios-for-nash-equilibria-in-1fu0iwzu.png Fig. 1 The three possible scenarios for Nash equilibria in mixed strategies, given in terms of the expected fraction of cooperators, q, of the one-shot shared reward dilemma on regular networks with degree greater than or equal to 3. Corresponding ζ values are indicated in the plots https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-density-of-cooperators-versus-time-for-four-different-29h8pj40.png Fig. 3 Density of cooperators versus time for four different realizations for ζ = 0.15 and δ = 1.2 (left) and δ = 1.8 (right) (for reference, note that δc 2). Left panel: Erdös–Rènyi random networks with average degree 8 and lattices with eight neighbors (Moore neighborhood). The four realizations corresponding to the lattice are those that go to larger values of cooperation. Right panel Erdös–Rènyi random networks with average degrees 8 and 24. The four realizations corresponding to average degree 24 remain in an intermediate cooperation level (slightly above 0.4), whereas the remaining four, corresponding to average degree 8, are trapped in intermediate metastable states before ending up in full cooperation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-fraction-of-cooperators-versus-neighborhood-radius-for-il2glkp2.png Fig. 2 Fraction of cooperators versus neighborhood radius for ζ = 0.15 and δ = 1.2 (left) and δ = 1.8 (right) (for reference, note that δc 2). Note that in this case we are in the scenario ζ < 1/2, with two equilibria in mixed strategies in the one-shot game on lattices. The values of those equilibria correspond, respectively, to q = 0.22 and q = 0.95, on one hand, and to q = 0.42 and q = 0.76 on the other. Stars correspond to the random Erdös–Rényi network, diamonds to the square lattice with rhombic neighborhoods, and squares to the square neighborhoods https://scispace.com/papers/the-significance-of-cancer-stem-cell-markers-gene-expression-2yw1e86kuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cancer-stem-cell-markers-gene-expression-profiles-3avt0b8w.png Figure 1. (A) Cancer stem cell markers’ gene expression profiles in colon adenocarcinoma https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-cancer-stem-cell-targeted-therapies-can-take-the-1nsov9d6.png Figure 6. Cancer stem cell-targeted therapies can take the form of surface marker inhibition, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cancer-stem-cell-properties-contributing-to-3u3tg25x.png Figure 5. Cancer stem cell properties contributing to development of therapy especially https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-cancer-stem-cell-markers-gene-expression-profiles-1ntjuau6.png Figure 3. Cancer stem cell markers’ gene expression profiles in pancreatic adenocarcinoma https://scispace.com/papers/the-simple-view-of-reading-across-development-prediction-of-2le03dx70j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-longitudinal-prediction-from-pk-to-grade-3-models-2t4s2awi.png Figure 4. Longitudinal prediction from PK to grade 3: models with cross-lagged relations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-longitudinal-models-global-fit-indices-3c7qr6wx.png Table 6 Longitudinal models: Global Fit Indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-grade-3-model-fit-for-models-without-independent-or-3k0vz78i.png Table 4 Grade 3 model fit for models without (independent) or with (dependent) pathway between word recognition and listening comprehension https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-longitudinal-prediction-from-pk-to-grade-3-best-3kkl0wkl.png Figure 3. Longitudinal prediction from PK to grade 3: best fitting model. All paths are significantly different from zero (p < .05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-grade-3-descriptive-statistics-correlations-and-syr7z1mr.png Table 3 Grade 3 descriptive statistics, correlations, and reliability for observed variables https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-grade-3-best-fitting-model-with-pathway-between-35rpw7uf.png Figure 1. Grade 3: best fitting model with pathway between word recognition and listening comprehension. All paths are significantly different from zero (p < .05). https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-longitudinal-models-standardized-solutiona-fv6bbcee.png Table 5 Longitudinal models: Standardized Solutiona https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-correlations-and-reliability-j13o55hq.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and reliability for PK observed variables for latent variable of code-related skills KATE TO DO https://scispace.com/papers/the-sociolinguistics-of-gender-social-status-and-masculinity-ct9agd5etc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-frequency-of-oaths-by-character-in-frogs-39-a7p9qr4i.png Table 3: Frequency of oaths by character in Frogs.39 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-frequency-of-the-particle-ge-and-oath-ge-by-12fbowp0.png Table 4: Frequency of the particle ge and oath + ge by character in Frogs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-frequency-of-the-particle-ge-and-oath-ge-by-25xzrywd.png Table 2: Frequency of the particle ge and oath+ge by character in Thesmophoriazusae. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-frequency-of-oaths-by-character-in-thesmophoriazusae-1hbqb57i.png Table 1: Frequency of oaths by character in Thesmophoriazusae.29 https://scispace.com/papers/the-specific-chemical-profile-of-mediterranean-propolis-from-2w0ajagybq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-propolis-samples-site-of-collection-and-yield-of-dry-1kch4w5a.png Table 1 Propolis samples: site of collection and yield of dry extract. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-most-prominent-mass-spectral-peaks-of-the-tms-ethers-25dsriyx.png Table 4 Most prominent mass spectral peaks of the TMS ethers of terpenyl esters in Maltese propolis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-terpenyl-esters-in-maltese-propolis-1-2-acetoxy-6-p-381oiodd.png Fig. 1. Terpenyl esters in Maltese propolis: 1. 2-acetoxy-6-p-methoxybenzoyl jaeschkeanadiol; 2. 2-acetoxy-6-p-hydroxybenzoyl jaeschkeanadiol; 3. ferutinin (ferutinol p-hydroxybenzoate); 4. teferin (ferutinol vanillate). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-terpenyl-esters-of-substituted-benzoic-acids-2cxpna2g.png Table 3 Terpenyl esters of substituted benzoic acids identified in propolis ethanol extracts by GC–MS (percent TIC, TMS derivatives).a https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-antimicrobial-activities-against-s-aureus-and-ce0zxmqn.png Table 5 Antimicrobial activities against S. aureus and Candida albicans (zones of inhibition) of propolis extracts (at 400 lg in the cup). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-compound-groups-identified-in-propolis-ethanol-2srmptca.png Table 2 Compound groups identified in propolis ethanol extracts by GC–MS (percent TIC, TMS derivatives)a. https://scispace.com/papers/the-spillover-effects-on-strategic-interdependence-3akt92r0h9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-payoff-matrix-between-russia-and-mongolia-21bfin52.png Table 9 Payoff matrix between Russia and Mongolia https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-top-countries-of-international-tourist-arrivals-10q8jtyr.png Table 1. The top countries of international tourist arrivals in Mongolia from 2015 to 2019 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-of-vector-error-correction-estimates-for-3c1ecwa0.png Table 6 Results of Vector Error Correction Estimates for China and Mongolia https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-payoff-matrix-between-china-and-mongolia-1psxf9bc.png Table 8 Payoff matrix between China and Mongolia https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-payoff-matrix-between-china-and-mongolia-2zd5uc6p.png Table 2 Payoff matrix between China and Mongolia https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-payoff-matrix-between-russia-and-mongolia-uuwniani.png Table 3 Payoff matrix between Russia and Mongolia https://scispace.com/papers/the-spatial-extent-of-u-lirgs-in-the-mid-infrared-i-the-2usl16pmry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-histogram-of-the-median-feel-calculated-over-the-5-26519r6d.png Figure 3. Histogram of the median FEEλ (calculated over the 5–15μm range) for the GOALS sample (black). The red and orange stripped, and the blue solid histograms are the distributions of the median FEEλ for galaxies with LIR < 1011.25 L , 1011.25 L LIR < 1012 L , and LIR > 1012 L , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-plot-of-the-fee-of-the-continuum-at-13-2mm-as-a-eahj2uox.png Figure 4. (a) Plot of the FEE of the continuum at 13.2μm as a function of the IR luminosity for the galaxies of our sample (blue circles). The size of the circles scales with the distance to the galaxy. The red squares in the left and right panels are the results obtained for a sub-sample of galaxies taken from the starburst sample of Brandl et al. (2006, see the text for details). The size of the squares also scales with distance. For reference, the projected linear size of the unresolved component at the given distance is shown in parentheses. The background faint (blue) line is a normalized histogram of the galaxies at different IR luminosity bins. The solid (black) line is the median of the FEE13.2μm at the different luminosity bins. The lower and upper dashed lines are the minimum and maximum FEE13.2μm at each bin, respectively. The upper limits marked with orange arrows indicate the galaxies whose core sizes are unresolved (see next). (b) Plot of the linear size of the galaxy core, measured as the FWHM of the Gaussian function fitted to the spatial profile at 13.2μm, as a function of distance (see the text and the Appendix for details). As in (a), the size of the circles and squares scales with the IR luminosity of the source. The faint (blue) line is a normalized histogram of the galaxies at different distance bins. The solid line represents the size of an unresolved source, the FWHM of the stellar PSF, at 13.2μm as a function of distance. The black dashed line is the median size of galaxies in each distance bin. The black dotted line indicates the expected location of a galaxy with a core size 10% larger than that of the unresolved stellar PSF (solid line). The three systems which deviate from the main trend due to contamination of the MIR profile by a companion galaxy are marked with green boxes (see the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histograms-of-the-goals-galaxy-sample-a-w9y2w8ye.png Figure 1. Histograms of the GOALS galaxy sample. (a) Distribution in IR luminosity. (b) Distribution in distance, indicated on the right y-axis. The upper x-axis displays the projected linear scale that can be resolved at 13.2μm at a given distance with IRS. The blue dots are the actual data points, with their LIR indicated on the left y-axis of the plot. Upper limits in the x-axis value of a galaxy imply that its “core” is unresolved (see Section 3.2 and Figure 4). The green dashed line marks the boundary between LIRGs and ULIRGs. Except for three special cases (green boxes; see also Figure 4), all ULIRGs have unresolved cores independently of their distance. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-histograms-of-the-fee13-2mm-for-the-galaxies-in-our-24w516u9.png Figure 5. Histograms of the FEE13.2μm for the galaxies in our sample divided as a function of their merging stage as defined by Petric et al. (2010), from isolated—stage 0—systems, to fully merged—stage 4—galaxies (see Petric et al. 2010, for more details). The galaxies have been separated in different luminosity bins as in Figure 3. We exclude from this analysis the galaxies marked with green boxes in Figure 4 (see Section 3.2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fee-of-the-13-2mm-continuum-emission-as-a-function-2k3a0o1f.png Figure 6. FEE of the 13.2μm continuum emission as a function of the AGN contribution fraction to the MIR, estimated by the 6.2 μm PAH equivalent width and the MIR continuum emission, for the galaxies of our sample (see Petric et al. 2010). The size of the circles scales with the LIR of the galaxies. The background faint blue line is the normalized histogram of the AGN fraction. The solid black line is the median of the FEE13.2μm at the different bins of AGN fraction. The lower and upper dashed lines are the minimum and maximum FEE13.2μm at each bin, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-the-sample-3487gh9y.png Table 1 Properties of the Sample https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-top-panel-fwhm-of-the-gaussian-function-for-three-cat4kopj.png Figure 8. Top panel: FWHM of the Gaussian function for three galaxies of the sample as a function of wavelength and averaged for the two nod positions (blue lines). The FWHM of the PSF is also shown for reference (red lines). The galaxy on the left is unresolved while the other two show FWHMs larger than those of the PSF. Middle panel: maximum of the Gaussian function (arbitrary scaled) for the same three galaxies as a function of wavelength and averaged for the two nod positions (blue lines). These plots are equivalent to the spectra of the galaxies, except that they are affected by the undersampling. The maximum of the PSF (arbitrary scaled at each order) is also plotted for reference (red lines). Bottom panel: fraction of extended emission, FEEλ, for the same three galaxies as a function of the wavelength and averaged for the two nod positions (green lines). The bottom orange lines represent the FEEλ that would be obtained if the correction factor was not applied at all, that is, if we considered that the source is totally unresolved. The top orange lines represent the FEEλ that would be obtained if the correction factor was fully applied, that is, if we considered that the source is very extended. See the text for details. The thin-colored lines are actual values. The thick-colored lines are the same values but smoothed with a four-pixel box to reduce the noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-fee-of-the-13-2mm-continuum-emission-as-a-function-255linnf.png Figure 7. FEE of the 13.2μm continuum emission as a function of the IRAS log(f60μm/f100μm) color. The sizes of the circles scale with the AGN fraction of the galaxies. Points indicate galaxies for which the AGN fraction was not available. The solid line is the linear fit to the data. https://scispace.com/papers/the-spectral-bundle-method-with-second-order-information-3pr1ss5hij 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-for-big-instances-with-m-5000-constraints-20axcxu6.png Figure 8. Results for big instances with m = 5000 constraints (five instances per choice of n ∈ {1000 · i : i = 1, . . . , 6} and p ∈ {3, 4, 5}). https://scispace.com/papers/the-statistical-developments-and-applications-section-an-2axq4j66lt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-overview-of-the-articles-published-in-the-amk529tq.png TABLE 1.—An overview of the articles published in the Statistical Developments and Applications section. (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-an-overview-of-the-articles-published-in-the-a4s1ssfj.png TABLE 1.—An overview of the articles published in the Statistical Developments and Applications section. (Continued) https://scispace.com/papers/the-statistical-evolution-of-multiple-generations-of-4mpucqdtrn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-idealized-heterogeneous-oxidation-trajectories-1rdxpfjr.png Figure 9: Idealized heterogeneous oxidation trajectories shown as individual vectors that might describe the various stages of organic aerosol oxidation. These idealized vectors are intended to https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-volatilization-operator-b-eq-4-expressed-as-a-2w7d3fhq.png Figure 15: Volatilization operator β (Eq. (4)) expressed as a function of (a) O/C ratio or (b) average change in oxidation state ∆𝑂𝑠! (relative to n = 0) of each product generation for squalane (□) and BES (○). See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-measured-aerosol-mass-panel-a-and-o-c-1g1ki3f5.png Figure 4: Evolution of measured aerosol mass (panel a), and O/C ratio (panel b) with OH exposure. The experimental data shown here were originally reported in Kroll et al.10 The dashed lines in (a) and (b) are predictions from Eq. (1) assuming no volatilization. The solid lines in (a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-measured-h-c-vs-o-c-for-the-oh-oxidation-of-bes-ikusztbv.png Figure 14: Measured (○) H/C vs. O/C for the OH oxidation of BES reported in Lambe et al.29 The solid line is the model calculation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-structural-basis-of-function-in-cys-loop-receptors-49t2i0xitn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-cont-3kv28qmz.png Fig. 2. (Cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-an-overlay-of-two-5-ht3-receptor-homology-models-that-3uc8yztw.png Fig. 4. An overlay of two 5-HT3 receptor homology models that were based on HEPES bound AChBP structures (PDB ID: 1I9B white and 1UX2 orange). Some residues that have been shown to be important for granisetron (a selective 5-HT3 antagonist) binding are highlighted and emphasize that some regions e.g. close to W195, have large differences in the orientation of their side chains. The relative positions of the models were compiled by Swiss-PdbViewer ‘magic fit ’ using loop B as a reference point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-examples-of-the-eight-main-categories-of-docked-poses-2urkdr79.png Fig. 6. Examples of the eight main categories of docked poses found in the 320 homology models generated for this study. Categories were largely based on the proximity of granisetron atoms to W183, and the orientation of the azabicyclic and indazole rings. The number of docked poses that fell into each of these categories can be seen in Tables 2 and 3. In brief, the descriptions of these clusters are as follows : (A1) Indazole ring close to W183 and the azabicyclic ring orientated towards the membrane. (A2) Same as A1, but with the azabicyclic and indazole rings reversed. (B1) Indazole ring close to W183 and the azabicyclic ring orientated towards Y143 in loop E. (B2) Same as B1, but with the azabicyclic and indazole rings reversed. (C1) Carbonyl linker close to W183 and the azabicyclic ring orientated away from the membrane. (C2) Same as (C1), but with the indazole ring orientated away from the membrane. (D) Either the azabicyclic or indazole rings close to W183 and the opposite end of the ligand orientated towards loop C. (E) Granisetron lies horizontally across the back of loop C. (Other) A number of unique positions located throughout the ECD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-alignment-of-human-5-ht3-receptor-subunits-the-binding-2e4qc4xi.png Fig. 2. (Cont.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparisons-of-tmds-from-open-and-closed-receptors-3fr4o2nc.png Fig. 10. Comparisons of TMDs from open and closed receptors. Top panel : structures of nAChR (closed; Miyazawa et al. 2003; PDB ID: 2BG9), ELIC (closed; Hilf & Dutzler, 2008; PDB ID: 2VL0) and GLIC (open; Bocquet et al. 2007; PDB ID: 3EAM) are shown. Two (red and blue) of the five subunits are highlighted. M2 lines the central pore, and residues that face this water accessible surface are shown in Fig. 11. Lower panels : pore diameter as calculated by HOLE, with a 15 Å cut-off to find the ends of the pores (Smart et al. 1993). Each tick on the vertical axis is 25 Å. The nAChR pore appears longer, because the structure also contains part of the ICD. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-preferred-orientations-for-5-ht-and-granisetron-docked-3nxagmqg.png Fig. 9. Preferred orientations for 5-HT and granisetron docked into a homology model of the 5-HT3 receptor binding site. Both orientations provide the best fit for the experimental data. The ligands can potentially interact with W183, are influenced by a range of aromatic residues that are orientated with their p-rings normal to the ligand, and have critical hydrogen bonds interactions with E129. See text for more details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-important-functional-components-of-the-5-ht3-receptor-3k7n551k.png Fig. 1. Important functional components of the 5-HT3 receptor, a typical member of the Cys-loop family of LGICs. The structure shown is a 5-HT3 homology model based on a 4 Å-resolution structure of the nAChR (Miyazawa et al. 2003 ; PDB ID: 2BG9). The 5-HT3 receptor, like the other members, consists of five subunits (1–5). The receptor is shown from above and from the side with two (red & blue) of the five subunits highlighted. Specific residues of interest are highlighted in yellow. The receptor is modular in nature and can be considered as having three main regions termed the ECD, TMD and ICD. The ECD contains the ligand-binding site that is formed by the convergence of six peptide loops located at the interface of two adjacent subunits (Noam et al. 2008; Thompson & Lummis, 2006). Three rings of charged amino acids (extracellular, intermediate and cytoplasmic) are found in the pore lining a-helices of the TMD (Gunthorpe & Lummis, 2001; Thompson & Lummis, 2003), and a hydrophobic constriction in the centre of the channel acts as the channel gate (Panicker et al. 2002). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-test-for-the-accuracy-of-computational-ligand-2imw3yjr.png Fig. 5. A test for the accuracy of computational ligand docking. (A) Nicotine and carbamylcholine re-docked into their respective AChBP structures. (B) Nicotine docked into the carbamylcholine structure and vice versa. (C) Nicotine docked into two other AChBP structures. In each panel, the original ligand molecule is shown in grey and 10 docking solutions are shown in white ; the ligands are clearly positioned on top of one another within the binding site. https://scispace.com/papers/the-structural-basis-of-odorant-recognition-in-insect-lhchn3buzv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-25ch2dez.png Table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-architecture-of-the-odorant-binding-site-in-mhor5-a-334zi8h1.png Figure 3 | Architecture of the odorant-binding site in MhOR5. a. Side view of two subunits of MhOR5 with the plane through the binding pocket indicating the position of the cross section shown in (b). b. Top view of MhOR5 dissected at the binding pocket, with an expanded view of a single subunit on the right. Eugenol shown in stick representation within the pocket. c. Two views of the binding pocket. Residues in contact with eugenol are shown in pink, eugenol is shown in yellow, and cryo-EM density shown as black mesh. d. Mutagenesis of residues in contact with eugenol (gold) and two neighboring residues (purple) that face outward from the pocket. Mean log(EC50) and Activity Index shown with SEM (n = 6-7). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests. For mutants where the EC50 was incalculably high and Bartlett’s test showed non-homogenous variance, statistical significance was determined with a Brown-Forsythe test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Doseresponse curves and summary table of receptor data are available in Extended Data Fig. 10 and Extended Data Table 6, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-structure-based-mutagenesis-retunes-mhor5-a-cross-1s42m2wk.png Figure 4 | Structure-based mutagenesis retunes MhOR5. a. Cross-section of the binding pocket of a MhOR5 subunit in complex with DEET. DEET is shown in stick representation within the pocket. b. Two views of the binding pocket (same orientations as shown in Fig. 3c). DEET is shown in yellow with cryo-EM density shown as black mesh. c. Overlay of the MhOR5 binding pockets of DEET-bound (teal) and eugenol-bound (pink), with both ligands shown. d. Effect of mutating Met209 and Ile213 into residues of variable side-chain length on eugenol and DEET signaling. Mean log(EC50) and Activity Index ± SEM (n = 6-7). Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVAs followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests comparing mutants to their respective wild-type controls for each ligand. For mutants where the EC50 was incalculably high and Bartlett’s test showed non-homogenous variance, statistical significance was determined with a Brown-Forsythe test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. e. Tuning curves of M209V (top) and I213M (bottom). The tuning curve of wild-type MhOR5 in response to a panel of 40 odorants is shown in grey, sorted from maximum to minimum Activity Index, and the M209V and I213M mutant tuning curves are shown overlaid in dark grey (n = 5-6 for mutants and n = 10-17 for wild-type with each ligand) with eugenol (pink) and DEET (teal) highlighted. Dose-response curves are available in Extended Data Fig. 10, and summary table of receptor data can be found in Extended Data Table 6,8, and 9. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mhor5-forms-a-homo-tetrameric-ligand-gated-ion-2en39cv5.png Figure 1 | MhOR5 forms a homo-tetrameric ligand-gated ion channel activated by a broad panel of odorants. a. A phylogenetic tree of select insect clades and the number of OR and Orco genes present in their genomes. b. An unrooted tree of the insect OR gene family displaying the relationships between Orcos (blue), neopteran ORs (grey) and ORs from M. hrabei (red). Alignment was made from 28 Orco sequences, 82 OR sequences from 4 species (Anopheles gambiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Nasonia vitripennis and Pediculus humanus) using PROMALS3D (see Methods). c. Tuning curve of MhOR5 activity evoked by a panel of 54 ligands (left) (3 < n < 122; median n = 11.5). Dose-response curves of MhOR5 in the presence of eugenol (pink; n = 122), geosmin (gold; n = 11), DEET (green; n = 12), and glucose (grey; n = 4) (right). Additional data in Extended Data Fig. 2 and Extended Data Table 2. d. Electrophysiological recording from HEK cells expressing MhOR5. Eugenol-elicited inward currents in whole-cell recordings clamped at -80 mV (top) and single-channel recordings in outside-out patches clamped at -80 mV. e, f. Cryo-EM structure of MhOR5 shown from the side (e) and top (f). Each subunit is colored in rainbow palette from the N-term (purple) to the C-term (red). Two subunits are shown in the side view along with markers for the membrane in grey, while all four subunits are shown in the top view. Detailed description of metrics used in Methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mhor5-and-4-mhor1-and-lifetime-sparseness-values-can-9wujlgkc.png Table 2 (MhOR5) and 4 (MhOR1), and lifetime sparseness values can be found in Extended Data Table 5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-odorant-evoked-opening-of-mhor5-the-channel-pore-of-1wltrc23.png Figure 2 | Odorant-evoked opening of MhOR5. The channel pore of MhOR5 in the unbound state (a, blue) and bound to eugenol (c, pink). b. The diameter of the ion conduction pathway (solid lines) and along the central 4-fold axis through the anchor domain (dashed lines). d. Close-up view of the pore helix S7b from the extracellular side in the apo (left, blue) and eugenol-bound (right, pink) structures, highlighting the positions of residue Gln467 and Val468. e. Effect of mutations of MhOR5 Val468 and Gln467. Top, dose response curves of WT and mutants. Bottom, mean log(EC50) and Activity Index (– log(EC50) * max DF/F) with SEM for WT and mutants (n = 6-7). f. Pore mutants homologous to MhOR5 Gln467 in the Orco homo-tetramer or heteromeric Orco/AgOR28 complex. Top, dose response curves. Bottom, mean log(EC50) and Activity Index (– log(EC50) * max DF/F) with SEM for WT and mutants (n = 6-7). For e and f, statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests. For mutants where the EC50 was incalculably high and Bartlett’s test showed non-homogenous variance, statistical significance was determined with a Brown-Forsythe test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. More information on receptor data activity in Extended Data Tables 6 and 7. https://scispace.com/papers/the-structure-of-young-embedded-protostellar-discs-43nzqze4wl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-azimuthally-averaged-temperature-profiles-with-fits-1avb6fsn.png Figure 3. Azimuthally averaged temperature profiles, with fits plotted as dashed lines. In the NRF and the CRF case, three snapshots are plotted (blue, green, red corresponding to progressively later times). The estimated q value is noted in each panel legend. For the ERF run, we plot four snapshots corresponding to the quiescent accretion phase (blue), the outburst phase just after it starts (post-onset; green), the outburst phase just before it terminates (pre-offset; blue) and finally after it terminates (post-offset; cyan). ERF snapshot times and estimated q values are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-azimuthally-averaged-radial-profiles-of-the-1q7nwxue.png Figure 2. Azimuthally averaged radial profiles of the snapshots presented in Fig. 1. From top to bottom: radial profiles for temperature, surface density, Toomre Q parameter and corresponding Shakura & Sunyaev (1973) viscosity parameter. Each panel shows runs with NRF (blue line), with CRF (green line) and with ERF-A (ERF: quiescent phase – red line; ERF-O: outburst phase – cyan line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pv-diagrams-for-the-snapshot-of-fig-9-left-hand-ej0ytinz.png Figure 10. PV diagrams for the snapshot of Fig. 9 (left-hand panel: i = 60◦; right-hand panel i = 90◦). The fitted Keplerian velocity profile is overplotted as a red curve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-as-per-fig-3-but-for-azimuthally-averaged-surface-3sm0s1ld.png Figure 4. As per Fig. 3 but for azimuthally averaged surface density profiles. The estimated p value is noted in the upper-right legend, with the time of the snapshot indicated in the bottom-left legend for each panel. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-as-per-fig-3-for-toomre-q-radial-distribution-dzln8qve.png Figure 5. As per Fig. 3, for Toomre Q radial distribution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-as-per-fig-3-for-the-corresponding-ass-value-of-262lwz45.png Figure 6. As per Fig. 3, for the corresponding αSS value of Shakura & Sunyaev (1973). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-surface-density-in-g-cm-2-of-an-episodic-radiative-3bbeutf3.png Figure 9. Surface density (in g cm−2) of an episodic radiative feedback model (ERF-A) snapshot at 89.1 kyr, for different inclination angles: 0◦ (left-hand panel), i = 60◦ (middle panel) and i = 90◦ (right-hand panel). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-pv-diagrams-for-the-episodic-radiative-feedback-mvdslj6d.png Figure 12. PV diagrams for the episodic radiative feedback run C (ERF-C). Panels (a)–(d) correspond to snapshots before the onset, after the onset, before the offset and after the offset of an episodic accretion event. The PV diagram changes due to the impact of episodic radiative feedback on the kinematics of the protostellar disc. Locations at which spirals are shown as fingers in each PV diagram are indicated by green arrows. Super-Keplerian velocities due to radiative feedback in (b) and (c) are indicated by yellow arrows. Red lines represent fitted Keplerian profiles, to highlight super-Keplerian material during/after outburst. https://scispace.com/papers/the-surface-morphology-structural-properties-and-chemical-2x9idjb1wf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-compositional-dependencies-of-frequencies-of-cdte-2be9y4hj.png Fig. 6. The compositional dependencies of frequencies of CdTe and ZnTe-like modes. Solid lines-reference data [40], dots − experimental results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-raman-spectra-of-the-te-crystal-dash-dot-line-and-czt1-24rbljx1.png Fig. 7. Raman spectra of the Te crystal (dash-dot line) and CZT1 (x=0.37) sample (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-raman-mapping-of-ra-a-and-ri-b-parameters-of-czt1-x-0-3ua0w3ut.png Fig. 8. Raman mapping of RA (a) and RI (b) parameters of CZT1 (x=0.37) sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-czt-samples-surface-a-czt1-x-0-37-b-czt2-rn2f0o8g.png Fig. 1. SEM images of CZT samples surface: (a) CZT1 (x=0.37), (b) CZT2 (x=0.46), (c) CZT3 (x=0.68), (d) CZT4 (x=0.80). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-xrd-patterns-of-czt1-x-0-37-czt2-x-0-46-czt3-x-0-68-33twr5up.png Fig. 2. XRD patterns of CZT1 (x=0.37), CZT2 (x=0.46), CZT3 (x=0.68) and CZT4 (x=0.80) samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-summed-pixe-spectra-from-the-czt1-x-0-37-and-czt4-x-0-21r23jgh.png Fig. 3. Summed PIXE spectra from the CZT1 (x=0.37) and CZT4 (x=0.80) samples. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-m-pixe-maps-of-elemental-distributions-in-czt2-x-0-3swifk1a.png Fig. 4. The μ-PIXE maps of elemental distributions in CZT2 (x=0.46) and CZT4 (x=0.80) samples from the scanned area 250×250 µm2 and surface layer thickness about 11 µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-room-temperature-raman-spectra-of-the-czt1-x-0-37-czt2-2tnev4ng.png Fig. 5. Room temperature Raman spectra of the CZT1 (x=0.37), CZT2 (x=0.46), CZT3 (x=0.68), CZT4 (x=0.80) samples, measured with 785 nm excitation. https://scispace.com/papers/the-subgrid-modeling-for-maxwell-s-equations-with-multiscale-53472r0rds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-electric-conductivity-field-at-cross-section-x3-1-2-3fcu47fg.png Figure 1. Electric conductivity field at cross-section x3 = 1/2 calculated by (30) on two scales i = −5, −4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-ex1-obtained-by-1-lm3zt7mp.png Figure 3. Real and imaginary parts of Ex1 obtained by: 1 — system (29) at σ = 1, ε = 1; 2 — effective system at ρ = 1; 3 — effective system with ρ = −1; 4 — numerical method at ρ = 1; 5 — numerical method at ρ = −1. https://scispace.com/figures/figures-2-3-show-a-comparison-between-the-mean-fields-3rtjvryb.png Figures 2–3 show a comparison between the mean fields obtained by the numerical method described above, the effective fields obtained by Equation (28) and by the fields obtained by Equation (29) with the coefficients σ = 〈σ(x)〉 = 1, ε = 〈ε(x)〉 = 1. The deviations between curves 4, 5 (numerical results) in Figures 2, 3 and curve 1 (with the coefficients σ = 〈σ(x)〉 = 1, ε = 〈ε(x)〉 = 1) depend on coefficients Φχχ0 , Φ ϕϕ 0 , Φ ϕϕ 0 in correlation functions. In theory of steady filtration such approach gives a good accuracy for estimating the mean https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-real-and-imaginary-parts-of-hx2-obtained-by-1-1ewn1g2z.png Figure 2. Real and imaginary parts of Hx2 obtained by: 1 — system (29) at σ = 1, ε = 1; 2 — effective system at ρ = 1; 3 — effective system with ρ = −1; 4 — numerical method at ρ = 1; 5 — numerical method at ρ = −1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-symposium-on-search-based-software-engineering-past-4iadh52sjg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-authors-churn-3bxjq9bb.png Table 3: Author’s churn https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-most-used-algorithms-3amdvb25.png Table 6: Most used algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-contribution-by-countries-z35lg5py.png Figure 3: Contribution by countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-amount-of-papers-published-by-ci-technique-2dib0uq3.png Figure 12: Amount of Papers published by CI Technique https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-ci-techniques-used-by-se-areas-2qoklu5k.png Figure 13: CI Techniques used by SE Areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-19-challenge-papers-amount-of-papers-published-by-ci-3l5e84kl.png Figure 19: Challenge Papers - Amount of Papers published by CI Technique https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-challenge-papers-se-areas-classification-level-2-30wj4l2e.png Figure 17: Challenge Papers - SE Areas Classification (level 2 of ACM CCS) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-challenge-papers-amount-of-papers-published-by-wbgjy0d0.png Figure 18: Challenge Papers - Amount of Papers published by Software Engineering Area (level 3 of ACM CCS) https://scispace.com/papers/the-synergy-between-the-cspbbr3-nanoparticle-surface-and-the-s2zszmt7as 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-homo-and-cross-coupling-of-benzyl-bromides-mi6ygfob.png Table 1 Homo- and cross-coupling of benzyl bromides photocatalyzed by colloidal CsPbBr3 perovskite a https://scispace.com/papers/the-synthetic-situation-interactionism-for-a-global-world-e6vsww0afs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-elizabeth-taylor-and-richard-burton-in-whos-afraid-21vdas7l.png Figure 2. Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton in Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966). Copyright by MPTV.net. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-screens-in-an-operating-room-courtesy-of-alps-394ddzvt.png Figure 5. Screens in an operating room. Courtesy of Alps Surgery Institute, France. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-elizabeth-taylor-and-richard-burton-in-a-synthetic-3dto570o.png Figure 3. Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton in a synthetic situation. Copyright by MPTV.net (Taylor and Burton). Background image courtesy of Space Intl. Denmark. Concept and editing by Stefan Beljean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ultrasound-scan-of-an-eight-week-old-fetus-courtesy-3coce0kp.png Figure 7. Ultrasound scan of an eight-week-old fetus. Courtesy of Sperrin/Knorr family. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-videoconferencing-system-in-action-cisco-244n5e30.png Figure 4. Videoconferencing system in action (Cisco TelePresence Multipoint). Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Germany. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-pilots-in-airplane-cockpit-before-take-off-courtesy-ioex2chl.png Figure 6. Pilots in airplane cockpit before take-off. Courtesy of Air Mauritius, Germany. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-financial-trader-observing-market-on-screens-i-am-1vsjus52.png Figure 1. Financial trader observing market on screens. I am greatly indebted to Stephan Jäger, Global Head of Foreign Exchange, Bank Julius Baer, Zurich, for the use of the trading floor picture. Many thanks to Urs Bruegger for taking the picture. https://scispace.com/papers/the-system-identification-and-control-of-hammerstein-system-39h9qgzyf5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-linear-subsystem-parameter-estimation-for-1c1q9qr2.png Table 1 Results of linear subsystem parameter estimation for two systems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-results-of-the-pole-assignment-controller-1ucayjss.png Fig. 4. The results of the pole assignment controller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-modelling-result-for-the-nonlinear-function-cduth-pkphibpi.png Fig. 3. The modelling result for the nonlinear function CðuÞ (s2 ¼ 0:01).−1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-resultant-b-spline-solid-line-and-nurb-dotted-line-22s0q0nu.png Fig. 2. The resultant B-spline (solid line) and NURB (dotted line) basis functions formed using PSO; (a) s2 ¼ 0:01 and s2 ¼ 0:25. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-hammerstein-system-r2mopubr.png Fig. 1. The Hammerstein system. https://scispace.com/papers/the-taylor-rule-and-financial-stability-a-literature-review-1elepuqa9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-external-liabilities-of-the-national-banking-sector-lqd32i7p.png Figure 1: External liabilities of the national banking sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-national-stock-indices-2ne6mrou.png Figure 3: National stock indices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-bank-lending-to-the-private-sector-3ptmdzvx.png Figure 5: Bank lending to the private sector https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-national-house-price-indices-1ufdbpiu.png Figure 4: National house price indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-currency-compositions-of-euro-area-banking-9nz9de52.png Table 1: Currency compositions of euro area banking liabilities https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ratio-of-banks-external-liabilities-to-balance-35v4o78a.png Figure 2: Ratio of banks’ external liabilities to balance sheet total (in percent) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spreads-of-10-year-constant-maturity-sovereign-2b1v9ctl.png Figure 6: Spreads of 10-year constant maturity sovereign bonds https://scispace.com/papers/the-tapeworm-interactome-inferring-confidence-scored-protein-41epnl7xqi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-closeness-centrality-1mmauu40.png Table 4 Closeness centrality https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-network-topology-3d1vrnq5.png Table 1 Network topology https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-confidence-thresholds-a-hm-net-was-filtered-at-a-3jio06e7.png Fig. 4 Confidence thresholds. a Hm_net was filtered at a confidence score of 2.5 (vertical blue line, upper: number of edges, lower: number of nodes), corresponding to a drop in distribution of confidence scores, to produce the high confidence Hm_HC_net. b The H. sapiens and S. cerevisiae networks have a similar drop in confidence score distribution (upper: number of edges, lower: number of nodes) at a score of 2.5 despite being https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-network-hubs-ifag30ux.png Table 2 Network hubs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-network-clusters-the-ten-largest-network-clusters-4qwn2j02.png Fig. 10 Network clusters. The ten largest network clusters (Tables S4, main text Table 5 and Fig. 4): cluster 1 - ribosome; cluster 2 - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase; cluster 3 - proteasome; cluster 4 - spliceosome; cluster 5 - tubulins; cluster 6 - translation initiation complex; cluster 7 - snRNP https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-network-clusters-1a9r95a6.png Table 5 Network clusters https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-degree-distribution-the-degree-distribution-of-the-c52tg3fm.png Fig. 5 Degree distribution. The degree distribution of the four networks with the power law fitted (red). In each case the distribution is a good fit for the power law, indicating that the network has a small number of highly-interacting ‘hub’ proteins, which is a hallmark of protein-protein interaction networks: a correlation 0.851, R-squared 0.878; b correlation 0.660, R-squared 0.827; c correlation 0.998, R-squared 0.902; d correlation 0.896, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-clustered-network-the-ten-highest-scoring-mcode-1i7f9zn7.png Fig. 9 Clustered network. The ten highest scoring MCODE clusters are highlighted in Hm_net. Protein nodes are sized by number of interactions. Cluster 1: yellow, cluster 2: turquoise, cluster 3: green, cluster 4: purple, cluster 5: brown, cluster 6: mauve, cluster 7: light blue, cluster 8: red, cluster 9: pale green, cluster 10: pink. Full cluster annotations are provided in Additional file 1 Table S1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-term-structure-of-illiquidity-premia-18xohwdrpj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-statistics-of-potential-drivers-of-1hvvnha1.png Table 2: Summary statistics of potential drivers of illiquidity premia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-drivers-of-illiquidity-premia-varx-model-1f8c3606.png Table 3: Drivers of illiquidity premia: VARX-model. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-shows-the-development-of-the-term-structure-of-2t2hsisq.png Figure 3 shows the development of the term structure of illiquidity premia over time. It depicts the term structures for each month. The figure shows a strong variation in the level and in the form of the term structure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-influence-of-the-financial-crisis-drivers-of-2n9r7q4m.png Table 5: Influence of the financial crisis: Drivers of illiquidity premia: VARX model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-joint-dynamics-of-illiquidity-premia-var-2-model-2r07wpio.png Table 1: Joint dynamics of illiquidity premia: VAR(2)-model. https://scispace.com/papers/the-thick-shelled-river-mussel-unio-crassus-in-romincka-1096jrdxn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thick-shelled-river-mussel-in-romincka-forest-1hwqx0eg.png Table 1. Thick-shelled river mussel in Romincka Forest https://scispace.com/papers/the-thin-border-between-cloud-and-aerosol-sensitivity-of-v5w2hmnl5z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-plot-of-the-fsc-estimated-when-using-max-diff-v2c3ivk6.png Figure 1. Box-plot of the fsc estimated when using Max_Diff = 200 W m –2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-sky-images-for-each-of-the-two-days-represented-xu40fkkn.png Figure 3. Two sky images for each of the two days represented in Figure 2. 913 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-examples-of-clear-days-at-girona-left-march-6-2wwigo1z.png Figure 2. Two examples of ―clear‖ days at Girona. Left, March 6, 2014; right, June 21, 2014. Top 908 panels, diffuse and direct irradiances; middle panels, estimation of fractional sky cover; bottom 909 panels, outputs from the MFRSR: OD, AE, cloud flag. 910 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-distribution-of-the-points-considered-aerosols-347eobzn.png Figure 8. Distribution of the points considered aerosols (38,971 points, orange bars), clouds (88,038 930 points, blue bars), and ―transition‖ (81,250 points, purple bars) across the range of OD values (left) 931 and AE values (right), after applying the MFRSR cloud screening algorithm with different thresholds. 932 It should be noted that ―clouds‖ refers to instances that have not passed the screening by the MFRSR. 933 Dashed lines indicate the (approximate) percentiles 1 and 99 of the ―clouds‖ and ―aerosols‖ 934 distributions. 935 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-for-the-four-days-presented-in-figures-1-and-3-2piuh89q.png Figure 7. For the four days presented in Figures 1 and 3, periods that are considered ―aerosols‖ by the 926 ―default‖ (blue), ―strict‖ (red), and ―relaxed‖ (green) MFRSR cloud screening. 927 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-radiation-flux-analysis-results-for-a79ks19d.png Table 1. Summary of radiation flux analysis results for Girona and Boulder (Table Mountain), year 887 2014, when using two different thresholds for Max_Diff. 888 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-differences-between-the-estimated-fractional-2vzq8otr.png Table 2. Average differences between the estimated fractional sky cover (_fsc = 890 fsc_100−fsc_200) when using the two different Max_Diff thresholds for clear sky identification, 891 only for the non-cloudless and non-overcast cases. 892 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-analysis-of-the-cloud-screening-5get1pu0.png Table 3. Sensitivity analysis of the cloud screening procedure applied to MFRSR measurements. See 894 Michalsky et al. (2010) for details on the method. Total number of points scrutinized, 208,259 895 (Girona), 451,793 (Table Mountain). 896 https://scispace.com/papers/the-third-image-of-the-large-separation-lensed-quasar-sdss-3q2gbwp4uq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sdss-j1029-2623-astrometry-and-photometry-3e99vgr6.png TABLE 1 SDSS J1029 2623: Astrometry and Photometry https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-critical-curves-top-and-caustics-bottom-of-the-best-h2k8t2cx.png Fig. 3.—Critical curves (top) and caustics (bottom) of the best-fit model reproducing the three image positions. The square in the bottom panel shows the best-fit source position, whereas the three squares in the top panel indicate the corresponding best-fit image positions, which are very close to the observed image positions. Because of the naked cusp in the caustics, this model predicts only three images on the same side of the lens potential, which explains the unique image configuration of this lens system (see also Fig. 1). The model is an elliptical Navarro et al. (1997) profile with virial mass M p 1.2 #vir M,, concentration parameter , ellipticity , and position 1510 c p 4.9 e p 0.44vir angle . However, note that the derived mass and concentration pa-v p 88 e rameter crucially depend on our assumption of the scale radius, .′′r p 60s https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-top-spectra-of-components-b-and-c-obtained-with-the-1rzkei6k.png Fig. 2.—Top: Spectra of components B and C obtained with the LRIS-ADC at Keck. Quasar emission lines redshifted to are indicated by ver-z p 2.197s tical dotted lines. The ratio of the spectra is also shown. Bottom: Expanded view of the blue side to show absorption systems more clearly. In addition to strong absorption lines associated with the emission lines, a Mg i/Mg ii/Fe ii absorption system at , which is indicated by solid bars, is seen inz p 0.674 both B and C. We note that additional Mg ii absorptions at (in Bz p 1.910 and C) and (in B) are also detected in the spectra.z p 1.761 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-follow-up-color-image-of-sdss-j1029-2623-produced-from-cf9kpufz.png Fig. 1.—Follow-up color image of SDSS J1029 2623 produced from the Keck g- and R-band images. The positions, magnitudes, and redshifts of the lensed images and cluster members are summarized in Table 1. Several lensed arcs are also seen. Note particularly two large blue arcs on the east and west sides of galaxies G1/G2, a red arc on the south of object C, and a blue arc located near galaxy G2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-three-threats-of-action-research-a-discussion-of-4qqrlnrf75 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-susman-and-evereds-97-ar-cycle-29vq6rqt.png Fig. 1. Susman and Evered’s [97] AR cycle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-summary-of-the-research-data-on-group-cost-outcome-1dfngmqx.png Fig. 4. Summary of the research data on group cost, outcome quality, and success. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-relationship-between-research-scope-and-model-2hzcfzy8.png Fig. 2. Relationship between research scope and model generality (adapted from Ref. [67]). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-chronological-view-of-the-is-ar-study-o4p4b79d.png Fig. 3. Chronological view of the IS AR study. https://scispace.com/papers/the-toll-of-tariffs-protectionism-education-and-fertility-in-233omfuagu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-aggregate-enrolment-rate-in-primary-school-france-305r6m3y.png Figure 2 – Aggregate Enrolment Rate in primary school, France 1876-1906 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-5-robustness-controlling-for-child-mortality-and-1tynxbst.png Table A.5 – Robustness: Controlling for child mortality and migrants https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-mechanism-enrolment-rates-in-religious-and-secular-2ugf695r.png Table 11 – Mechanism: Enrolment rates in religious and secular schools https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-evolution-of-the-birth-rate-in-selected-2k9ur22w.png Figure 5 – The evolution of the birth rate in selected departments, 1872-1913 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-controlling-for-manufacturing-employment-321cg78t.png Table 5 – Controlling for manufacturing employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-6-robustness-controlling-for-religious-conservatism-2wyr8g6o.png Table A.6 – Robustness: Controlling for religious conservatism and size of properties https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-change-of-the-enrolment-rate-in-primary-school-of-2a3iak62.png Figure A.2 – Change of the enrolment rate in primary school of children aged 6 to 13 between 1886 and 1896. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-9-robustness-controlling-for-transport-costs-3e2pl0f0.png Table A.9 – Robustness: Controlling for transport costs https://scispace.com/papers/the-transcriptomic-changes-associated-with-the-development-20youuyeso 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-principal-component-analysis-of-variance-stabilized-p61imc6p.png Fig. 1: Principal component analysis of variance stabilized data of all samples (day 3, 4, 7, 8) and all 11,136 genes with a nonzero read count across samples. PC1 refers to the ‘experimental group’ and PC2 to the consecutive time points of sampling (day 3, 4, 7 & 8). The three experimental groups are displayed in different colours: Red – parasitic A. m. capensis pseudoqueens, green – social A. m. capensis worker, blue – social A. m. scutellata worker https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-two-clusters-including-genes-that-were-20c2ehe6.png Fig. 3: The two clusters including genes that were significantly differentially expressed over time in the parasitic pseudoqueens but not in the two social control groups. Given are the average expression values (solid lines) including the regression curves (dashed lines) over time (from day 3 to day 8). a) early genes, b) late genes. The three experimental groups are displayed in different colours: Red – parasitic A. m. capensis pseudoqueens, green – social A. m. capensis worker, blue – social A. m. scutellata worker https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-average-expression-value-of-all-genes-with-3cu4xtwb.png Fig. 2: The average expression value of all genes with positive (a) or negative scores (b) for PC2 ‘time’ at the four consecutive time points: day 3, 4, 7 and 8. The three experimental groups are displayed in different colours: Red – parasitic A. m. capensis pseudoqueens, green – social A. m. capensis worker, blue – social A. m. scutellata worker. a) Positive scores: n=5439, Kruskal-Wallis test: day3: n.s., day4: n.s., day7: p=1.841e-07, day8: p=7.15e-05; post-hoc Dunn test for all pairwise comparisons between parasitic pseudoqueens and social controls: day3: n.s., day4: n.s., d7: p ≤ 8.2973e-03, d8: p ≤ 1.7313e03. b) Negative scores: n=5697, Kruskal-Wallis test: day3: n.s., day4: n.s., day7: p=0.0006, day8: p=8.476e-05; post-hoc Dunn test for all pairwise comparisons between parasitic pseudoqueens and social controls: day3: n.s., day4: n.s., d7: p ≤ 0.0020, d8: p ≤ 0.0015 https://scispace.com/papers/the-umwelt-of-an-embodied-agent-a-measure-theoretic-2hkaieo6w6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-causal-diagram-of-the-sensorimotor-loop-in-each-14u57py0.png Figure 3: The causal diagram of the sensorimotor loop. In each instant of time the agent (C) takes a measurement from the world (W) through its sensors (S) and affects the world through its actuators (A). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-uexkulls-function-circle-funktionskreis-uex34-b-11nrpyhd.png Figure 2: (a) Uexküll’s function-circle (Funktionskreis) [Uex34], (b) the sensorimotor loop from the field of embodied cognition [AGZ14]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-sensorimotor-loops-of-two-agents-7mfit0pw.png Figure 5: The sensorimotor loops of two agents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-overlapping-but-distinct-outer-worlds-of-two-agents-2brxkcms.png Figure 6: Overlapping but distinct outer worlds of two agents. (a) Outer world of agent one which includes inner world of agent two, and (b) outer world of agent two which includes inner world of agent one. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-umwelt-of-a-bee-as-illustrated-in-uex34-a-the-ym66rmu5.png Figure 1: The Umwelt of a bee as illustrated in [Uex34]. (a) The environment of a bee how we perceive it as an external observer. (b) The same bee perceives only particular aspects of the same world, which constitute its Umwelt . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-clustering-of-world-states-1we9orvg.png Figure 4: Clustering of world states. https://scispace.com/papers/the-two-variable-fragment-with-counting-and-equivalence-2c60ankajp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-organization-of-equivalence-classes-into-clusters-2b2kav9u.png Fig. 2 The organization of equivalence classes into clusters (finite case). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-modular-structure-of-c-spectra-of-equivalence-1bx8hkgk.png Fig. 3 The modular structure of c-spectra of equivalence classes (depicted as small rectangles) in the ordinary cluster Ch: each ‘core’ (depicted as a circle) has c-spectrum uh0 ; each ‘peripheral constellation’ has c-spectrum uh` (1 ≤ ` ≤ L, with ` indicated by the shading). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-fixing-the-invertible-cosmic-rays-of-type-r4j-j-and-1vgdx4ku.png Fig. 6 Fixing the invertible cosmic rays of type ρ4J+j and ρ5J+j (infinite case). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-finding-absorption-sites-for-non-invertible-cosmic-f9xcph3a.png Fig. 7 Finding absorption sites for non-invertible cosmic rays https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-depiction-of-a-an-element-a-sending-a-ray-of-type-r-to-2l6hkuq8.png Fig. 1 Depiction of: (a) an element a sending a ray of type ρ to an element b in a structure A; and (b) a star type 〈π, (v1, v2, . . . , v8J)〉, emitting vj rays of type ρj for all j (1 ≤ j ≤ 8J). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-initial-segment-of-a-chain-of-configurations-each-2zv75guj.png Fig. 8 Initial segment of a chain of configurations: each configuration (white region) contains a unique s-element determining its state; the first configuration is in the start state, and forms an E2-class on its own. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-successive-configurations-whose-elements-satisfy-the-1c9inj3a.png Fig. 9 Successive configurations whose elements satisfy the formula c=i (x, y): the ci counters are in 1–1 correspondence under rk, and so are equinumerous. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-division-of-ch-into-b-h-1-sectors-bhp-unshaded-and-vlf6sdrc.png Fig. 4 The division of Ch into (b(h) + 1) sectors B̂hp (unshaded) and b(h) terminators (shaded). https://scispace.com/papers/the-unidentified-volcanic-eruption-of-1809-why-it-remains-2sn9ldg9a7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulated-ensemble-mean-near-surface-air-3q7kv1gt.png Figure 5. Simulated ensemble-mean near-surface air temperature anomalies for the first winter (1809/1810) and the second summer (1810) after the 1809 eruption for the four different MPI-ESM simulations. Shaded regions are significant at the 95 % confidence level according to a t test. Anomalies are calculated with respect to the period 1800–1808. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-comparison-of-nh-extratropical-summer-land-2pk63ecv.png Figure 9. Comparison of NH extratropical summer land temperatures. (a) Comparison of simulated NH extratropical (40–75◦ N) summer land temperature anomalies (seasonal and spatial averaged) with four different NH tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions (Wilson et al., 2016, N-TREND (N); Anchukaitis et al., 2017, N-TREND (S); Guillet et al., 2017, NVOLC; Schneider et al., 2015, SCH15). Anomalies are taken with respect to the years 1800–1808. The black lines represent the tree-ring records, and the colored ones represent the ensemble mean of the four MPI-ESM experiments. The shaded grey area indicates the 2σ uncertainty range for N-TREND (N). (b) Comparison for the reconstructed and simulated anomalies for the year 1810. Uncertainty ranges for all reconstructions are based on the 2σ of the N-TREND (N) reconstruction. Simulated anomalies are shown as individual realizations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-simulated-ensemble-mean-zonal-mean-near-surface-air-hal31mdj.png Figure 4. Simulated ensemble-mean zonal-mean near-surface air temperature anomalies (◦C) for the four MPI-ESM experiments. Only anomalies exceeding 1 standard deviation of the control run are shown. Anomalies are calculated with respect to the pre-eruption (1800– 1808) climatology. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-seasonal-mean-near-surface-nh-summer-temperature-36pvyhxk.png Figure 12. Seasonal mean near-surface NH summer temperature anomalies (◦C) with station data averaged over different regions: (a) central Europe (46.1–52.5◦ N, 6–17.8◦ E), (b) eastern Europe (47–57◦ N, 18–32◦ E), (c) northern Europe (55–66◦ N, 10–31◦ E), (d) southern Europe (38–46◦ N, 7–13.5◦ E), (e) western Europe (48.5–56◦ N, 6◦W–6◦ E), and (f) New England (41–44◦ N, 73–69◦W). The black line represents measurements, and the colored lines represent the ensemble mean of the model simulations. The squares on the bottom of each panel indicate years when the measurement lies outside the simulation ensemble range (color code as for the ensemble mean). Anomalies are taken with respect to the years 1806–1820. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-annual-mean-surface-air-temperature-anomalies-from-1b3887ja.png Figure 8. Annual mean surface air temperature anomalies from shipborne measurements of the English East India Company (EEIC) (Brohan et al., 2012) over the tropical Indian and Atlantic oceans (black line) compared to similarly sampled model simulations from the Low, Best, High, and nNHP forcing ensembles as labeled. Anomalies are taken with respect to the years 1800 to 1808. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-coral-sst-comparison-comparison-of-reconstructed-353y4bxw.png Figure 7. Coral–SST comparison. Comparison of reconstructed tropical annual mean SST (Tierney et al., 2015) with the MPI-ESM experiments over the (a) eastern Pacific (10◦ N–10◦ S, 175◦ E–85◦W), (b) western Pacific (25◦ N–25◦ S, 110–155◦ E), (c) western Atlantic (15–30◦ N, 60–90◦W), and (d) Indian (20◦ N–15◦ S, 40–100◦ E) oceans. Black solid line: SST reconstruction; colored lines: ensemble means of the model simulations. Anomalies are taken with respect to the years 1800 to 1808. The squares on the bottom of each panel indicate years when the observation lies outside the simulated ensemble range (color code as for the ensemble mean). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-observed-and-reconstructed-temperature-anomalies-jnahyi84.png Figure 2. Observed and reconstructed temperature anomalies around the 1809 volcanic eruption. (a) Reconstructed tropical (30◦ N–30◦ S, 34◦ E–70◦W) sea surface temperature (TROP; D’Arrigo et al., 2009), measured tropical marine surface air temperatures from EEIC ship logs (Brohan et al., 2012), and Indo-Pacific warm pool data (D’Arrigo et al., 2006). (b) NH summer land temperatures from four tree-ringbased reconstructions (Wilson et al., 2016, N-TREND (N); Anchukaitis et al., 2017, N-TREND (S); Guillet et al., 2017, NVOLC; Schneider et al., 2015, SCH15). (c–d) Monthly mean NH winter (c) and summer (d) temperature anomalies (◦C) from 53 station datasets averaged over different European regions (central Europe, CEUR: 46.1–52.5◦ N, 6–17.8◦ E; eastern Europe, EEUR: 47–57◦ N, 18–32◦ E; northern Europe, NEUR: 55–66◦ N, 10–31◦ E; southern Europe: 38–46◦ N, 7–13.5◦ E; western Europe, WEUR: 48.5–56◦ N, 6◦W–6◦ O; and New England, NENG: 41–44◦ N, 73–69◦W). (e–g) Mean surface temperature anomalies ( ◦C) for boreal summers of 1809 (e), 1810 (f), and 1811 (g) in NH tree-ring data from N-TREND (S) (Anchukaitis et al., 2017). Pink dots in panel (e) illustrate the location of the tree-ring proxies used in the N-TREND reconstructions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-same-as-fig-12-but-for-seasonal-mean-near-surface-gx9ktps3.png Figure 13. Same as Fig. 12 but for seasonal mean near-surface NH winter temperature anomalies (◦C). The year corresponds to the month of February. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-a-kinetic-biomarker-approach-for-in-situ-1tuczt4tjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-biotransformation-index-erod-gst-in-c-maenas-2j3127n2.png Figure 4. Biotransformation index: EROD : GST in C. maenas hepatopancres exposed over a 28-day 491 period to sediments from the ports of Cadiz (Ca2, Ca3), the port of Huelva (Hu2, Hu3), the port of 492 Pasajes (Pa2, Pa3) and the port of Bilbao (Bi2, Bi3). 493 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-representation-of-the-area-under-the-curve-ar-3h5q72fj.png Figure 3. Representation of the area under the curve (AR) calculated for each biomarker and 487 sediment. Results of correlation coefficient, r2 and fitted equation are also shown. Asterisks show 488 significant differences of the AR with control sediment (Ca3) (**p<0.01). 489 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summarized-results-of-chemical-concentrations-of-o6o5ks8l.png Table 1. Summarized results of chemical concentrations of sediments from the Port of Cadiz (Ca2, 73 Ca3), Port of Huelva (Hu2, Hu3), Port of Bilbao (Bi2, Bi3) and Port of Pasajes (Pa2, Pa3). Chemical 74 https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-call-playbacks-for-censusing-loggerhead-shrikes-4qoubdtofo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-responses-of-shrikes-57-birds-at-52-sites-that-were-6no4ua5w.png Table 2. Responses of shrikes (57 birds at 52 sites) that were at known distances from the speaker when the first playback was begun. “All birds” summarizes all responses recorded (109 birds at 90 sites), including birds ofunknown distance. “None” was omitted for “All Birds” because individuals may have responded without being detected by the observer. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-calorimetry-for-on-line-optimisation-of-3o64a6vqt0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-evolution-of-tcf-versus-tmax-for-the-faster-constant-spll5k87.png Fig. 10 Evolution of Tcf versus Tmax for the faster constant input profile https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-runaway-scenario-gygax-1988-1p2xgu85.png Fig. 1 The runaway scenario (Gygax, 1988) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-heat-balance-over-the-reactor-2fvggv2i.png Fig. 2 Heat balance over the reactor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-labview-program-for-implementing-the-optimisation-30ajuxlk.png Fig. 5 LabView program for implementing the optimisation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-the-conversion-obtained-with-the-on-3w4qmtfc.png Fig. 11 Comparison of the conversion obtained with the on-line calculated input (solid line) and the constant input (dash line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-comparison-between-the-chemical-conversion-estimated-2xtb74an.png Fig. 9 Comparison between the chemical conversion estimated on-line (solid line), that estimated upon completion of the reaction using calorimeter data (♦) and calculated from the kinetics (p). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-evolution-of-tr-tj-vs-time-for-a-semi-batch-process-8b8w5r1q.png Fig. 4 Evolution of Tr-Tj vs. time for a semi-batch process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-calorimeter-linked-to-an-external-computer-cll9stc8.png Fig. 3 Calorimeter linked to an external computer. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-dental-services-among-older-australians-does-4sb4xauaxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-dental-services-expenditure-current-prices-by-state-2ke16cj9.png Table 4 Dental Services Expenditure, Current Prices, by State, 2004–05 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-older-people-who-consulted-a-1otxqhqh.png Table 2 Characteristics of Older People Who Consulted a Dental Professional During the Previous Twelve Months Compared with Those that Did Not, Australia, 2005 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-demographic-characteristics-of-older-people-2dw0y4eb.png Table 1 Selected Demographic Characteristics of Older People by Consulted a Dental Professional During the Previous Twelve Months https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geographical-location-segregated-by-statea-australia-1ptufg8v.png Table 3 Geographical Location Segregated by Statea, Australia, 2005 https://scispace.com/papers/the-usefulness-of-sars-cov-2-test-positive-proportion-as-a-2kgzwvm25i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-for-disease-natural-history-seir-and-3kkixmgk.png Figure 1: Schematic for disease natural history (SEIR) and testing. Requested tests from each compartment are determined by the proportion of individuals with COVD-19 like symptoms in each compartment, and by the rate of testing among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Tests administered each day are limited by available tests, and assigned proportionally to each compartment according to demand. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-weekly-average-of-observed-confirmed-incidence-x-w0u9b5b0.png Figure 4: Weekly average of observed confirmed incidence (x-axis) vs TPP (y-axis) on a log-log scale. The trend line is fit using Equation (2) for each time point separately. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-confirmed-incidence-per-10000-against-tpp-left-and-3a03qfdz.png Figure 3: Confirmed incidence per 10,000 against TPP (left) and TSP (right) at 4 week, from 10,000 SEIR simulations in which initial and lockdown R0 values are randomly sampled from specified ranges (see text). The color of the points represents whether supply of testing was sufficient to cover demand at week 4, which is a function both of the availability of test kits and R0. The solid line in each panel denotes the relationship in Equations (3) and (4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationship-between-tpp-solid-line-and-tsp-dotted-173naz4a.png Figure 2: Relationship between TPP (solid line) and TSP (dotted line) and rate of incident confirmed infections of SARS-CoV-2 (A), rate of testing among symptomatic individuals (B), rate of testing among asymptomatic individuals (C), shortfall of test supply relative to demand (D), test sensitivity (E), and prevalence of non-SARS-CoV-2 CLI (F). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-7-day-rolling-average-confirmed-incidence-solid-cjngqy2q.png Figure 5: 7-day rolling average confirmed incidence (solid line) and “TPP-estimated” 7-day average confirmed incidence (dotted line). Parameters for estimated incidence are fitted to each time series separately. In the fourth panel, points represent the proportion of confirmed cases that were symptomatic, plotted on the same axis. https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-mct-and-fractal-dimension-for-fracture-prediction-9lp2md7bsd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-relationships-between-a-bv-tv-and-ez-for-non-9zb3natw.png Figure 2: Relationships between a) BV/TV and Ez for non-fracture and fracture females, b) BS/BV and 9 Ez for non-fracture and fracture females, d) D https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-box-and-whisker-plots-for-age-matched-73-years-non-18z9b7bm.png Figure 1: Box and whisker plots for age-matched (73 years +) non-fracture females and fracture 2 females for a) BV/TV, b) BS/BV, c) vBMD, d) TMD, e) D https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-values-sem-for-the-microarchitectural-3r2aj4qq.png Table 1: Average values (± SEM) for the microarchitectural parameters for fracture and non-9 fracture groups for the sample used by Greenwood et al (2018). 10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-population-characteristics-for-donors-sem-2xjamgdb.png Table 2: Population characteristics for donors (± SEM), differentiated according to sex and 15 fracture status. 16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-values-in-bold-and-the-associated-errors-sem-3ty90szp.png Table 3: Average values (in bold) and the associated errors (± SEM) for properties of fracture 18 and non-fracture groups. Non-normal datasets denoted by *. p-Values for age matched 19 Student’s T-tests of female fracture (n = 18) and female non-fracture (n = 17) groups (Mann-20 Whitney U tests for pairs including non-normal data sets), for each parameter are also 21 provided. Values taken from literature for human samples where the femoral heads were 22 sampled. Sample numbers for referenced studies are denoted as follows: † N = 50 (Perilli et 23 al., 2008); ‡ N = 10 (Li et al., 2012); § N = 9 (Zhang et al 2010); Ⅱ N = 77 (Wu et al., 2015); 24 ¶ N = 14 (Morgan and Keaveny, 2001). 25 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-diagnostic-tests-for-several-parameters-1mbx0tcz.png Table 5: Results of diagnostic tests for several parameters (D2D, D3D, BV/TV, BS/BV, vBMD, 3 TMD and Ez) using the midpoint between the means of age-matched non-fracture females and 4 fracture females as the cut-off point for OP. 5 https://scispace.com/papers/the-use-of-the-gait-profile-score-and-gait-variable-score-in-3ey5wbunz7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sample-characterization-according-cluster-1-group-1e6esk3l.png Table 1: Sample characterization, according Cluster 1 group and Cluster 2 group. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gait-profile-index-gdi-and-gait-profile-score-gps-22d9wri5.png Table 3: Gait profile index (GDI) and Gait profile score (GPS)/ Gait variable scores (GVS) to groups Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-passive-range-of-motion-prom-and-maximum-isometric-2z494m6i.png Table 2: Passive range of motion (PRoM) and maximum isometric muscle strength, to Cluster 1 group and Cluster 2 group. https://scispace.com/papers/the-usefulness-of-the-median-cpi-in-bayesian-vars-used-for-5091u9t78k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-estimated-impulse-response-functions-from-carriero-200hlcyu.png Figure 4: Estimated Impulse response functions from Carriero et al. (2015) model using Pre-Crisis Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-exercise-using-the-forecasted-values-of-the-median-1clry73r.png Table 6: Exercise using the forecasted values of the median CPI as the forecast for core CPI with Beauchemin and Zaman (2011) Quarterly BVAR https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-exercise-using-the-forecasted-values-of-the-median-cxioov34.png Table 7: Exercise using the forecasted values of the median CPI as the forecast for core CPI with Carriero et al. (2015) Monthly BVAR https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-estimated-impulse-response-functions-from-carriero-35yw0lfq.png Figure 3: Estimated Impulse response functions from Carriero et al. (2015) model using Full Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-forecast-comparison-of-bvars-in-banbura-et-al-2010-2qu34ty4.png Table 2: Forecast Comparison of BVARs in Banbura et al. 2010 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-forecast-comparison-of-benchmark-bvar-in-carriero-et-34ujctdf.png Table 3: Forecast Comparison of Benchmark BVAR in Carriero et al. 2015 (BVAR5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-estimated-impulse-response-functions-from-1y7ela5l.png Figure 1: Estimated Impulse response functions from Beauchemin and Zaman (2011) model using Full Sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-exercise-using-the-median-cpi-to-forecast-pce-based-1j2ro9xq.png Table 4: Exercise using the median CPI to forecast PCE-based inflation using Carriero et al. (2015) Monthly BVAR https://scispace.com/papers/the-valuation-effects-of-geographic-diversification-evidence-32blwe98u5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-1m8ykk62.png Table 1: Summary Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-between-diversified-and-undiversified-6n2r5kue.png Table 2: Differences between Diversified and Undiversified Bank Holding Companies https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-geographic-diversification-and-bank-holding-company-31vgnt46.png Table 5: Geographic Diversification and Bank Holding Company Value: Instrumental Variables based on Interstate Branching Deregulation https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-geographic-diversification-and-bank-holding-company-2qry16aa.png Table 7: Geographic Diversification and Bank Holding Company Value: BHC-Specific Instrumental Variables Based on a Gravity-Deregulation Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-geographic-diversification-and-bank-holding-company-adcenw05.png Table 3: Geographic Diversification and Bank Holding Company Value https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-dynamic-impact-of-geographic-expansion-on-q-1iym3hfz.png Figure 1. The Dynamic Impact of Geographic Expansion on q. This figure plots the impact of a geographic expansion on BHC’s q. We consider a window of 20 quarters, spanning from 10 quarters before diversification until 10 quarters after geographic expansion. We report estimated coefficients from the following regression: qit = α + β−10D−10t + β−9D−9t + ...+ β10D10t +ε it , where D-j equals one for banks in the jth quarter before expansion, D+j equals one for banks in the jth quarter after expansion. Our coefficients are centered on the quarter of expansion. The solid line denotes the estimated coefficients (β-10, β-9 ...), while the dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-relationship-between-population-distance-and-bhc-287ubxg0.png Table 6: The Relationship between Population, Distance and BHC Asset Holdings: Zero-Stage https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-geographic-diversification-and-bank-holding-company-22l8g8hf.png Table 4: Geographic Diversification and Bank Holding Company Value: Controls https://scispace.com/papers/the-utility-and-impact-of-information-communication-2256yrl1tz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-online-assessment-1p9nu4r2.png Table 2: Online assessment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-audience-response-systems-2fpqkfad.png Table 3: Audience Response Systems https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-nurse-educators-and-on-line-learning-i8elz2nz.png Table 5: Nurse educators and on-line learning. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-e-portfolios-in-nurse-education-22y8gw0b.png Table 4: e-portfolios in nurse education https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-online-learning-resources-and-use-of-social-media-zdjcs1a4.png Table 1. Online learning resources and use of social media https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flow-diagram-search-protocols-combined-results-36kj1yxa.png Figure 1. Flow diagram: Search protocols & combined results. https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-of-coskewness-in-mutual-fund-performance-3etedgi1ma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-measures-of-performance-using-models-with-and-2syhjtxf.png Table 4 Measures of performance using models with and without coskewness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-means-of-the-mutual-fund-characteristics-grouped-by-1luomjln.png Table 10 Means of the mutual fund characteristics grouped by coskewness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-relation-between-characteristics-of-funds-and-nxvo36c8.png Table 11 Relation between characteristics of funds and coskewness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-distribution-of-t-statistics-for-the-alpha-3t60jg2t.png Table 6 Distribution of t-statistics for the alpha coefficients. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-the-coskewness-beta-by-subperiods-1esxojkk.png Table 8 The coskewness beta by subperiods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-non-parametric-tests-of-persistence-in-coskewness-24twxy4d.png Table 9 Non-parametric tests of persistence in coskewness policy. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-the-significance-of-coskewness-in-performance-30pjro4r.png Table 7 The significance of coskewness in performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-mutual-funds-january-1962-3g87p0wz.png Table 1 Summary statistics of mutual funds: January 1962–March 2006. https://scispace.com/papers/the-value-relevance-and-reliability-of-brand-assets-30nuobmwyk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-23oks83n.png Table 2 Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-test-of-value-relevance-of-brands-2tb00i7w.png Table 3 Test of Value Relevance of Brands https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-share-price-reactions-to-announcements-of-brand-3rzp4xjc.png Table 5 Share Price Reactions to Announcements of Brand Capitalization: All Firms, and Subsamples Partitioned by Contracting Incentives https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-test-of-reliability-value-relevance-of-brands-in-w8vi4k84.png Table 4 Test of Reliability--Value Relevance of Brands in Subsamples Partitioned by Contracting Incentives Dummies https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-uk-firms-capitalizing-1mfkqsjb.png Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for UK Firms Capitalizing Brands https://scispace.com/papers/the-virgin-embracing-the-virgin-eugenio-cajes-short-lived-33q2dnmvc3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-our-lady-del-sagrario-1616-lead-medal-diameter-40-2qz8r4c8.png Figure 9 Our Lady del Sagrario (1616). Lead medal, diameter 40 mm. https://scispace.com/papers/the-vandels-survey-the-relation-between-uv-continuum-slope-1q31es4loy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uv-slope-vs-m1600-for-vandels-galaxies-selected-in-3n5ubct2.png Fig. 1. UV slope vs M1600 for VANDELS galaxies selected in this work with σβ ≤ 1 and at least three photometric bands available in the range 1230-2750 Å. Our data are color coded according to three different redshift bins (2 < zbin1 < 3 < zbin2 < 4 < zbin3 < 5 in blue, dark-red, and orange, respectively), with z estimated from VANDELS spectra. The median z in each bin is reported in the legend. For comparison are shown the M1600-β relations found by Hathi et al. (2016) at 2 < z < 2.5 (gray empty circles), Bouwens et al. (2009) at ∼ 2.5 (cyan circles), Bouwens et al. (2014) at ∼ 4 (black empty circles), and Castellano et al. (2014) for LBGs at z ∼ 4 (black empty diamonds and light-gray dashed best-fit line). The relation found by Pilo et al. (2019) for LBGs at z ∼ 3 is displayed as a light-green dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-absorption-complexes-analyzed-in-this-work-the-2ed4ejgc.png Table 2. Absorption complexes analyzed in this work. The second and third columns correspond to λ1 and λ2 in Equation 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-diagrams-showing-the-dependence-between-equivalent-1ac1txbp.png Fig. 2. Diagrams showing the dependence between equivalent width (EW) and metallicity for the 1501 and 1719 Å absorption line indexes that we adopt in this paper according to Starburst99 models. All the data points are derived assuming a constant SFH for 100 Myr and Kroupa IMF. The gray shaded region around the main relations represents the variation of EW with the IMF (Kroupa-Salpeter) and with the ages of the stellar population chosen (50 Myr - 2 Gyr), as described in the text. The final metallicity calibrations are based on a third order polynomial fit to the data points, and are shown with a blue continuous line in each panel. Their explicit forms are given in the text in Equations 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-uv-slope-as-a-function-of-stellar-mass-in-two-1llsjk3i.png Fig. 6. The UV slope as a function of stellar mass in two redshift bins: 2 < z < 3.5 and 3.5 < z < 5 (red and blue colors, respectively), where 3.5 is the median redshift of VANDELS. A linear fit to the relations in each redshift bin is also shown with dashed lines with their corresponding colors. The M∗-β relation from McLure et al. (2018) at z < 3 is shown with a green line for comparison, while gray and cyan diamonds come from Pannella et al. (2015). On the left y-axis, A1600 is shown using the β-A1600 conversion of Meurer et al. (1999). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-6-stellar-metallicity-vs-equivalent-width-predicted-by-3ad12518.png Fig. A.6. Stellar metallicity vs equivalent width predicted by Starburts99 models for the ten absorption lines studied in this paper and for different spectral resolutions. The resolution elements σres tested are 1/2, 1/3, 1, 2, 3, and 4 times the VANDELS value. All the symbols are derived with a constant SFH and a stellar age of 100 Myr. The shaded regions allow the stellar age to vary between 50 and 100 Myr. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-top-comparison-between-the-mzr-derived-from-vandels-7ignr47g.png Fig. 10. Top: Comparison between the MZR derived from VANDELS (black squares and error bars) and from predictions of two semi-analytic models: orange diamonds represent the median masses and metallicities of GAEA galaxies in five bins of stellar mass defined as for the observations. Blue contour regions indicate the fraction of galaxies in the SAM of Menci et al. (2014) with different Z∗ at a given mass, according to the 2D bins defined in the text. Bottom: Comparison of VANDELS results to the UV slope - metallicity relation predicted by the GAEA models. The orange big diamonds were derived with the same method of the upper panel. We highlight with a black dashed line the best-fit relation for the VANDELS sample, while the gray shaded area encloses its 1σ uncertainty region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-a-3-the-six-panels-compare-the-ew-of-the-1719-2q1pbstw.png Fig. A.3. The six panels compare the EW of the 1719 metallicity indicator to the EW of other absorption indexes in the FUV rest-frame that were not considered in this work, either because no correlation was found with Z, or because the observational data are not in agreement with the predictions of any models (as in the case of significant ISM contamination). In each panel we show the EW measurements from the five VANDELS stacks in stellar mass bins with colored stars (the median stellar mass of each stack is annotated in black). In addition, we superimpose EW-EW relations predicted by Starburst99 models (square symbols, with shaded gray area indicating different stellar ages from 50 Myr to 2 Gyr), and BPASS models (big circles). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-between-the-equivalent-widths-of-the-1719-2n8h05n3.png Fig. 3. Comparison between the equivalent widths of the 1719 and 1501 Å absorption indicies predicted by S99 models (big squares color coded by metallicity). We show in each diagram the EWs measured in five VANDELS stacks (big stars), obtained with the same procedure adopted for synthetic templates. The stacks used here were produced at different stellar mass bins (see Section 3.1 and Table 3), whose median stellar masses (in log10 (M∗/M )) are highlighted in black above each point. The gray shaded area has the same meaning as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/the-vlt-flames-tarantula-survey-the-fastest-rotating-o-type-26cb8a5qpc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-properties-of-vfts102-aedrl0wu.png Table 1 Properties of VFTS102 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-h-r-diagram-showing-the-estimated-position-of-2jaxdcy8.png Figure 2. H-R diagram showing the estimated position of VFTS102. The evolutionary tracks (identified by their mass) have rotational velocities of approximately 600 km s−1 (dashed lines) and 400 km s−1 (dashed-dot line). Also shown is the evolution of the secondary star following mass transfer for the binary model of Cantiello et al. (2007; solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-observed-spectra-in-velocity-space-for-vfts102-and-3kfvhium.png Figure 1. Observed spectra (in velocity space) for VFTS102 and rotationally broadened profiles for the He i line at 4026 Å, the combined profile for the He i lines at 4026, 4143, and 4387 Å, the combined profile for the He ii lines at 4200 and 4541 Å, and the He ii line at 4686 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hst-wfpc2-v-band-f606w-filter-image-with-contours-wznrx057.png Figure 3. HST WFPC2 V-band (F606W filter) image with contours from the smoothed Chandra HRC-I image overlaid. The positions of VFTS102 and PSR J0537-6910 are labeled. https://scispace.com/papers/the-vocational-interests-of-prisoners-a-preliminary-3obw6ff4o4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2cq9royz.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-17ezurxa.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-quadratic-assignment-results-of-comparison-of-19dj13fg.png Table 3 Quadratic Assignment Results of Comparison of Profile Clusterings https://scispace.com/papers/the-volatile-and-heterogenous-gut-microbiota-shifts-of-covid-5c7o50f3xv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-122pol8j.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-339cctgx.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/papers/the-wage-curve-revisited-estimates-from-a-uk-panel-4qlpvkw6ny 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regression-results-dependent-variable-is-the-log-of-2z0s1hgj.png Table 1 Regression results: dependent variable is the log of the hourly wage https://scispace.com/papers/the-weakest-link-in-welfare-state-legitimacy-european-57sqk8g26l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-confirmatory-factor-analysis-of-mis-targeting-2ohf3eye.png Table 2. Confirmatory factor analysis of mis-targeting perceptions. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-multilevel-regression-models-of-individual-trbx3o6r.png Table 3. Multilevel regression models of individual covariates influencing normative and administrative perceptions of mis-targeting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operationalization-and-descriptive-statistics-of-mis-atg6fvbf.png Table 1. Operationalization and descriptive statistics of mis-targeting perceptions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-factor-model-of-normative-and-administrative-3scz3pnl.png Figure 1. Two-factor model of normative and administrative perceptions of mis-targeting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-descriptive-statistics-for-contextual-level-3qk5q0r3.png Table 5. Descriptive statistics for contextual-level covariates. https://scispace.com/papers/the-welfare-effects-of-nationalization-in-a-mixed-duopoly-1tay2mlceq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-traffic-data-and-parameters-z0px2edf.png Table 1 Traffic data and parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-effect-of-nationalization-r-on-equilibrium-solutions-6kqikk4l.png Table 2 Effect of nationalization (r) on equilibrium solutions in the short run https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-sensitivity-of-equilibrium-fare-and-frequency-with-2efumvmc.png Fig. 4 Sensitivity of equilibrium fare and frequency with respect to changes in (cr1). a The rail transit fare change w.r.p cr1, b the bus fare change w.r.p cr1, c the rail transit frequency change w.r.p cr1, d the bus frequency change w.r.p cr1 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-impacts-of-partial-nationalization-on-equlibria-in-1uwz4it1.png Fig. 2 The impacts of partial nationalization on equlibria in long run. a The effect of r on service, b the effect of r on consumer surplus and welfare https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-impacts-of-partial-nationalization-on-equlibria-in-13qw3eaj.png Fig. 1 The impacts of partial nationalization on equlibria in short run. a The effect of r on passenger demand, b the effect of r on operator’s profits https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sensitivity-of-equilibrium-fares-and-frequencies-w-r-p-1gkp47zd.png Fig. 3 Sensitivity of equilibrium fares and frequencies w.r.p to changes in n. a The rail transit fare change w.r.p n, b the bus fare change w.r.p n, c the rail transit frequency change w.r.p n, d the bus frequency change w.r.p n https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-nationalization-r-on-equilibrium-solutions-100aljnh.png Table 3 Effect of nationalization (r) on equilibrium solutions in the long run https://scispace.com/papers/the-wildavsky-heuristic-the-cultural-orientation-of-mass-2fr2f3u9bj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-standardized-coefficients-and-changes-u8urhujr.png Table 5. Comparison of Standardized Coefficients and Changes in R2 for Socio-Demographic https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-standardized-coefficients-for-liberal-f2pi4n5k.png Table 4. Comparison of Standardized Coefficients for Liberal/Conservative Self-Identification, Partisanship, and Cultural Worldviews on Policy Attitudes at Low, Medium, and High Levels of Political Knowledge (PK) https://scispace.com/papers/the-word-gay-has-been-banned-but-people-use-it-in-the-boys-2z2uszsmgf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-schedule-of-school-visits-nn4hpnvb.png Table 1: Schedule of School Visits https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-overview-of-focus-groups-3i9skowz.png Table 2: Overview of Focus Groups https://scispace.com/papers/the-workings-of-the-single-member-plurality-electoral-system-c71zx1c2md 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-enp-by-votes-at-district-level-in-the-indian-3cd9rq6o.png Table 1 ENP by votes at district level in the Indian national elections https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-congress-vote-and-seat-share-2gcpbejt.png Table 10 Congress’ vote and seat share https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-lead-required-of-a-top-party-to-get-majority-in-3bcqq1zb.png Table 9 Lead required of a top party to get majority in national elections https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-national-vote-share-of-top-two-versus-that-of-other-1q3ulmmk.png Figure 4 National vote share (%) of top two versus that of other parties https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-barriers-to-electoral-system-reform-3h32y6mh.png Table 11 Barriers to electoral system reform https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-anomalous-results-and-the-evolution-of-party-system-38tybei2.png Table 6 ‘Anomalous’ results and the evolution of party system at national level10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-evolution-of-the-distribution-of-enp-by-votes-at-18nkyk91.png Figure 1 Evolution of the distribution of ENP by votes at district level in Indian national elections https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-number-of-parties-represented-in-lok-sabha-3gb93f45.png Table 5 Number of parties represented in Lok Sabha https://scispace.com/papers/the-workarounds-process-as-a-source-of-knowledge-creation-1r6bnl417h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-theoretical-framework-part-2-3-1kq4b0bt.png Figure 5. Theoretical framework (part 2/3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-theoretical-framework-part-3-3-27ce1c02.png Figure 6. Theoretical framework (part 3/3) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-five-voices-of-workarounds-8-akqmar3y.png Figure 1. Five Voices of Workarounds [8] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-use-cases-1gjvb8p3.png Figure 7. Use Cases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mcelroy-model-25-1-mcqnapjq.png Figure 2. McElroy Model [25]1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-knowledge-production-process-25-i3mux8s0.png Figure 3. Knowledge Production Process [25] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-theoretical-framework-part-1-3-2r4u3r3h.png Figure 4. Theoretical framework (part 1/3) https://scispace.com/papers/the-worldwide-expansion-of-the-argentine-ant-2m8baoi3bi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-maximum-likelihood-phylogeny-based-on-combined-3h9f7zmm.png Figure 1 Maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on combined sequences of Cyt b, COI and COII from 39 Linepithema humile supercolonies. Bootstrap values of maximum parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses, respectively, and the posterior probability inferred from the Bayesian analysis are given for each node. Nodes that were under the 50% majority rule were collapsed. Names of supercolonies where the relevant haplotype have been found are shown by the tip of branches with the number of individuals in brackets. Introduced populations are in bold and their haplotypes are assigned a colour marker. GenBank accession numbers for H1–H18 are FJ466647–FJ466664 for Cyt b, FJ466666–FJ466683 for COI, and FJ535653–FJ535670 for COII. GenBank accession numbers for O1–O3 are FJ496346–FJ496348 for Cyt b, FJ496349–FJ496351 for COI, and FJ496352–FJ496354 for COII. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-principal-component-analysis-of-microsatellite-tunnhq8s.png Figure 4 Principal Component Analysis of microsatellite allele frequencies of the Linepithema humile introduced supercolonies. Marker colours represent haplotypes found (see Fig. 1). Percentage of variance explained is given in brackets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geographic-distribution-of-linepithema-humile-2owtleu3.png Figure 2 Geographic distribution of Linepithema humile supercolonies studied. Haplotypes found in introduced supercolonies are represented by the same colours as in Fig. 1, and the pie diagrams show the frequencies observed. The total proportion of the 11 haplotypes exclusively found in native supercolonies is shown in white. The estimated year of introduction is from our records (J.S.P.) for the Argentinean supercolonies Tucumán and La Rioja, and follows Okaue et al. (2007) for Japan S1–2 and Wetterer et al. (2009) for all other supercolonies. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-primers-used-for-the-amplification-of-three-3nhco3yy.png Table 2 Primers used for the amplification of three mitochondrial fragments (cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase sub-units I and II) with annealing temperature (AT) and elongation time (ET) given. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-average-genetic-diversity-at-five-microsatellite-i5x4dm9z.png Figure 5 Average genetic diversity at five microsatellite loci estimated as allelic richness (k¢; closed circles) and expected heterozygosity (Hexp; open squares) in native and introduced supercolonies of Linepithema humile. The minimum common sample size for estimating k¢ was seven individuals. Within each range (native and introduced), supercolonies were ranked after descending estimates of k¢. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-minimum-spanning-network-based-on-tcs-analysis-vhfioy6i.png Figure 3 Minimum spanning network based on tcs analysis representing the relationships between the 17 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes detected in Linepithema humile. Each square represents a haplotype. Solid lines connecting haplotypes show hypothesized single base pair mutations. Haplotypes found in introduced supercolonies are represented by the same colours as in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/papers/the-x-ray-position-and-optical-counterpart-of-the-accretion-zvn7ivnuh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-i-band-magic-image-of-the-xte-j1814-338-field-from-1u1tdy01.png Fig. 1.— I-band MagIC image of the XTE J1814−338 field from 2003 June 21. The I = 17.4 optical counterpart is marked near the center of the image. North is up and east is to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-spectral-fit-parametersa-1ex6o5lx.png TABLE 2 Spectral Fit Parametersa https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-mass-radius-relationship-for-a-roche-lobe-filling-u3ja32td.png Fig. 3.— The mass-radius relationship for a Roche-lobe–filling companion of XTE J1814−338 (solid curve) and low-mass mainsequence stars (dashed curve) with corresponding inclination angles indicated. The dashed curve is based on the analytic massradius function presented in Tout et al. (1996). The intersection of the curves suggests a companion mass of ≈ 0.5 M⊙. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optical-magnitudes-of-xte-j1814-338-2iaxbld9.png TABLE 1 Optical Magnitudes of XTE J1814−338 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-data-for-xte-j1814-338-measurements-taken-on-1l60tnpp.png Fig. 2.— Optical data for XTE J1814−338. Measurements taken on 2003 June 6 and 7 are plotted as squares, whereas those from the nights of 2003 June 21 and 24 are shown as triangles (errors are on the order of the symbol size). The observed fluxes were dereddened assuming a Galactic extinction of AV = 0.71. The emission predicted by an X-ray heated accretion disk model is plotted as a dashed line. For this model, we used a source distance of 8 kpc with Galactic extinction, and minimized χ2 by setting cos i = 0.6. Note that since these parameters are degenerate, the inclination angle fitted here is not well constrained. The I-band flux (9000 Å) lies well above the model prediction. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-analysis-of-saline-diffusion-during-sodium-44ea4inft5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-obtained-of-diffusivity-of-salt-in-water-2bu7bki2.png Table 1 Values obtained of diffusivity of salt in water, Temperature and Salinity 234 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-air-kinematic-viscosity-at-low-temperatures-2vux7sgh.png Figure 3 Air kinematic viscosity at low temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-kinematic-viscosity-for-nacl-water-solutions-185-3tm1fkct.png Figure 2 Kinematic viscosity for NaCl-water solutions 185 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-properties-obtained-from-the-model-proposed-257-1i3jmo3v.png Table 2. Properties obtained from the model proposed 257 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-continuation-properties-obtained-from-the-model-x8x92ade.png Table 3. Continuation. Properties obtained from the model proposed 258 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-thermal-conductivity-for-nacl-water-solutions-at-erk8lbxz.png Figure 4 Thermal conductivity for NaCl-Water solutions at different salinity https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-analysis-of-the-influence-of-pore-geometry-on-1s5f11bwwk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-transition-state-geometries-for-central-cracking-2qznm5y1.png Figure 3. Transition state geometries for central cracking, terminal cracking, methylene dehydrogenation, and methyl dehydrogenation in MFI, with Al placed in the T12 site. For clarity, only the atoms included in the QM region are shown. Si atoms are shown in yellow, O in red, Al in pink, C in cyan, and H in white. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plots-of-apparent-activation-enthalpy-a-and-entropy-24pihxun.png Figure 7. Plots of apparent activation enthalpy (a) and entropy (b) and intrinsic activation enthalpy (c) and entropy (d) vs adsorption entropy determined from CBMC simulations10 for methylene dehydrogenation of n-butane at 773 K. Experimental values reported by Janda et al.10 (red circles) are compared with theoretical values determined from QM/MM using the quasi-RRHO approach, before (black diamonds) and after (blue triangles) adding the thermal corrections derived from CBMC simulations. Representative 95% confidence intervals for the experimental values of ΔH⧧app and ΔS⧧app are ±8 kJ mol−1 and ±11 J mol−1 K−1.10 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermal-corrections-to-dh-app-and-ds-app-for-each-34qboy4d.png Table 1. Thermal Corrections to ΔH⧧app and ΔS⧧app for Each Zeolite Framework Derived from Adsorption Thermodynamic Data Obtained Using CBMC Simulations at an Al Atom in the T-Sites Used in the QM/MM Calculations (in Parentheses) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plots-of-apparent-activation-enthalpy-a-and-entropy-pvde55go.png Figure 6. Plots of apparent activation enthalpy (a) and entropy (b) and intrinsic activation enthalpy (c) and entropy (d) vs adsorption entropy determined from CBMC simulations10 for terminal cracking of n-butane at 773 K. Experimental values reported by Janda et al.10 (red circles) are compared with theoretical values determined from QM/MM using the quasi-RRHO approach, before (black diamonds) and after (blue triangles) adding the thermal corrections derived from CBMC simulations. Representative 95% confidence intervals for the experimental values of ΔH⧧app and ΔS⧧app are ±7 kJ mol−1 and ±9 J mol−1 K−1.10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-enthalpy-and-entropy-landscapes-for-3e98y130.png Figure 1. Schematic enthalpy and entropy landscapes for monomolecular alkane cracking or dehydrogenation over Brønsted acid zeolites. The adsorption enthalpy (ΔHads‑H+) and adsorption entropy (ΔSads‑H+) of the alkane at a Brønsted acid site are determined using configurational-bias Monte Carlo (CBMC) simulations.10,11 Intrinsic activation parameters (ΔH⧧int and ΔS⧧int) are determined by subtracting ΔHads‑H+ and ΔSads‑H+ from apparent parameters (ΔH⧧app and ΔS⧧app) extracted directly from measured rate data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-heat-maps-showing-the-distribution-of-c-atoms-of-zm92k0lg.png Figure 4. Heat maps showing the distribution of C atoms of the terminal C−C bond of n-butane interacting via this bond with a Brønsted acid site at site T4 in MWW, obtained from CBMC simulations at 50 K and at 773 K. At 50 K, butane is predominantly adsorbed in the sinusoidal channel, while at 773 K, adsorption in the supercage is favored for entropic reasons. (Thumbnails of the cluster model are shown to indicate the viewing angle used to create the heat maps. Framework atoms outside the plane represented in the heat maps have been omitted for clarity.) The color scale represents the percentage of configurations in which the C atom is found in a square with side length 0.05 Å. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cluster-models-used-to-represent-the-zeolite-k7krnndx.png Figure 2. Cluster models used to represent the zeolite catalysts in QM/MM calculations. Group I: TON (280 T atom cluster, Al in the T2 site); FER (236 T atom cluster, Al in the T2 site) and -SVR (348 T atom cluster, Al in the T19 site). Group II: MFI (437 T atom cluster, Al in the T12 site) and MEL (264 T atom cluster, Al in the T4 site). Group III: STF (398 T atom cluster, Al in the T2 site) and MWW (292 T atom cluster, Al in the T4 site). The QM region is depicted using a ball-and-stick representation. Si atoms are shown in yellow, O in red, Al in pink, C in cyan, and H in white. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-plots-of-apparent-activation-enthalpy-a-and-entropy-3qvgkbgw.png Figure 8. Plots of apparent activation enthalpy (a) and entropy (b) and intrinsic activation enthalpy (c) and entropy (d) vs adsorption entropy determined from CBMC simulations10 for methyl dehydrogenation of n-butane at 773 K. Experimental values reported by Janda et al.10 (red circles) are compared with theoretical values determined from QM/MM using the quasi-RRHO approach, before (black dianonds) and after (blue triangles) adding the thermal corrections derived from CBMC. Representative 95% confidence intervals for the experimental values of ΔH⧧app and ΔS⧧app are ±8 kJ mol−1 and ±11 J mol−1 K−1.10 https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-and-experimental-correlations-of-gas-dissolution-443et1wt5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-h2-n2-co-co2-ch4-and-c2h6-gas-solubilities-in-c4mim-3o6jj8n6.png Table 2 H2, N2, CO, CO2, CH4 and C2H6 gas solubilities in [C4mim][NTf2] expressed as Henry's law coefficient KH and mole fraction x. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlation-of-henry-s-law-constant-for-carbon-dioxide-2e8n2kbj.png Fig. 3. Correlation of Henry's law constant for carbon dioxide in [Cnmim][NTf2] (n=2.4,6.8) ionic liquids. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-co2-henry-s-law-constant-and-mole-fraction-in-cnmim-hkdl8hqb.png Table 3 CO2 Henry's law constant and mole fraction in [Cnmim] cation (n=2.4,6.8) based ionic liquids. T=303 K P=1.013 bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-diffusion-coefficient-prediction-and-correlation-using-3uev5i14.png Fig. 4. Diffusion coefficient prediction and correlation using Wilke–Chang correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-diffusion-coefficient-prediction-and-correlation-using-2aufqc00.png Fig. 5. Diffusion coefficient prediction and correlation using Scheibel correlation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effects-of-three-different-ionic-liquids-on-predicted-1yf7rlh7.png Fig. 8. Effects of three different ionic liquids on predicted N2/CO2 selectivity in SILMs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-concentration-dependence-of-solubility-courtesy-of-33rk6ikq.png Fig. 9. Concentration dependence of solubility [courtesy of Anthony et al. Ref 29] and exponential increase of CO2 diffusion coefficient in [C4mim][NTf2] SILM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-calculated-gas-diffusion-coefficients-based-on-wilke-3roa0hqn.png Table 4 Calculated gas diffusion coefficients based on Wilke–Chang and Scheibel model correlation https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-characterization-of-the-lowest-energy-absorption-4g30l5fvx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-upper-ref-15-and-theoretical-lower-vrluagge.png FIG. 2. Experimental~upper! ~Ref. 15! and theoretical~lower! absorption low-energy band of the pyrrole molecule. The experimental band is obta from the vapor optical spectrum~Ref. 15!. The CASPT2/MS–CASPT2 con tains the summed absorption bands from the ground to each of the low-lying singlet excited states. Relative extinction coefficients in abcis https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-computed-absorption-bands-from-the-ground-to-each-of-2r75q81k.png FIG. 3. Computed absorption bands from the ground to each of the six low-lying singlet excited states of pyrrole. Relative extinction coefficients inbcise . Some of the intensity scales have been enhanced. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-computed-and-experimental-excitation-energies-and-26aebq0g.png TABLE IV. Computed and experimental excitation energies and energy ferences (E/eV), oscillator strengths (f ), and assigments for the vibrationa bands of the low-lying electronic states of pyrrole. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-equilibrium-geometries-for-the-ground-and-low-lying-12fdnyou.png TABLE I. Equilibrium geometries for the ground and low-lying singlet excited states of neutral pyrrole an ground state of the positive ion optimized at the CASPT2 level employing the ANa C,N@4s3p2d#/H@3s2p#11s1p basis set. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-computed-vibrational-harmonic-frequencies-cm21-for-3fb73rgs.png TABLE III. Computed vibrational harmonic frequencies (cm21) for the low-lying excited states of pyrrole a the CASPT2 level of calculation. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-he-i-emissivities-in-the-case-b-approximation-20v1dzqtp0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-percent-difference-between-the-emissivities-calculated-10if3jfp.png Fig. 1.—Percent difference between the emissivities calculated using two different Stark collision treatments, for several strong lines, as a functionof .ne Left: Wide range of densities—as expected, there is no effect in either the low-density extreme, because the collision rates are negligible, or the high-density extreme, where the Stark collisions force the terms to LTE. The majority of lines are most sensitive at densities found in stellar envelopes and quasaremissionline regions.Right: Range of densities found in nebulae—several lines have a sensitivity to the Stark collision treatment of about 1%. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-current-voltage-characteristics-of-ferroelectric-4bgvkm8f72 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-internal-electric-fields-edep-and-eint-in-a-short-15qmv3lk.png FIG. 4. Internal electric fields Edep and Eint in a short-circuited asymmetric FTJ a and the model distribution of an electrostatic potential across this junction b . The junction contains an effective or real interfacial layer of thickness t at the left film/electrode interface. The model corresponds to a junction involving two different electrodes e.g., Pt and SRO . The screening abilities of electrodes are assumed to be very different, but their work functions are taken to be the same. Two possible polarization states and the corresponding potential profiles are shown by solid and dotted arrows and lines. The screening charges in the electrodes are not depicted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-band-diagram-of-a-ferroelectric-tunnel-1vll0pqw.png FIG. 1. Simplified band diagram of a ferroelectric tunnel junction. EF is the Fermi energy, is the electron affinity of the ferroelectric, Ec is the bottom of the barrier conduction band, Ev is the top of the valence band, t0 is the barrier thickness, and 1 , 2 are the barrier heights at the bottom and top electrode, respectively. The inserted sketch shows the structure of a unit cell of BaTiO3, which represents the ferroelectric barrier. Two equilibrium positions of the Ti4+ ion are labeled with numbers 1 and 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-combined-effect-of-piezoelectric-strain-and-3e7z3vf2.png FIG. 5. Combined effect of piezoelectric strain and depolarizing field on the current-voltage characteristics of asymmetric FTJs. The strength ̄ of the depolarizing-field effect is assumed to be 0.02 eV a , 0.03 eV b , and 0.04 eV c . Other junction parameters are taken to be 0=0.5 eV, t0=2 nm, m3 *0=0.2 m, d33 * =50 pm/V, 3=−4.5 eV, and =10. The source of depolarizing field is situated at the biased electrode another electrode is grounded . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-current-voltage-curves-of-strongly-asymmetric-rz1j623r.png FIG. 6. Current-voltage curves of “strongly” asymmetric ferroelectric tunnel junctions ̄=0.1 eV . Two curves here show the characteristics of FTJs with the source of depolarizing field situated at the biased electrode 1 or at the grounded electrode 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-influence-of-converse-piezoelectric-effect-on-the-1i6makjq.png FIG. 2. Influence of converse piezoelectric effect on the currentvoltage a and conductance-voltage b characteristics of tunnel junctions. Theoretical calculations of the current density J and conductance G per unit area were performed using the following values of the junction: parameters 0=0.5 eV, t0=2 nm, m3 *0=0.2 m, d33 * =50 pm/V, 3=−4.5 eV, and =10. The conductance is normalized by its value at zero voltage, G0=G V=0 . The resistive switching at voltages ±Vc and the resulting hysteretic behavior correspond to the case of a ferroelectric tunnel junction, where the polarization reversal takes place in the barrier at the coercive voltage Vc. The panel c shows schematically the dependence of the out-of-plane lattice strain S3 in an epitaxial ferroelectric film on the applied voltage V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-internal-electric-fields-edep-and-eel-in-a-short-3pl8iyb0.png FIG. 3. Internal electric fields Edep and Eel in a short-circuited symmetric FTJ a and the model distribution of an electrostatic potential across this junction b . Two possible polarization states and the corresponding potential profiles are shown by solid and dotted arrows and lines. The penetration of electric field into the electrodes is determined by the screening length of electrode material. https://scispace.com/papers/theoretical-device-engineering-for-high-performance-5evz4rjdxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-representation-of-the-device-structure-3gj2kdv1.png Figure 1. a) Schematic representation of the device structure b) Band diagram of the TiO2 / CH3NH3PbI3 / CuSCN / Au . Position of IDL2 is shown in Figure 2(a, b) while position of IDL1 is shown in Figure 3(a, b) for different band offsets. The band offset can be changed by varying the electron affinity of HTM and ETM. The conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) of ETM and HTM is very important to define the barrier for photo generated electrons and holes in absorber respectively. Firstly, if electron affinity of the ETM is larger than the electron affinity of absorber then CBM of ETM is lower than CBM of absorber and energy cliff is formed at ETM/absorber interface thus offering no energy barrier to electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-band-alignments-of-absorber-idl2-htm-layers-with-a-1jm3t6ci.png Figure 2. Band alignments of absorber/IDL2/HTM layers with a) negative and b) positive VBO. IDL2 is used to count the recombination at the interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-effect-of-na-of-absorber-layer-on-a-performance-335kajke.png Figure 5. Effect of NA of absorber layer on a) performance parameters b) quantum efficiency of PSC https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-different-nt-values-of-absorber-layer-and-36kj71ri.png Table 3. Different Nt values of absorber layer and corresponding diffusion lengths https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-performance-parameters-of-pscs-reported-in-the-ajqfjr5a.png Table 5. Performance parameters of PSCs reported in the experimental work in the literature with CuSCN as HTM and our SCAPS simulated results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-simulation-parameters-of-psc-device-3y1uoe5d.png Table 2. Simulation parameters of PSC device https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-band-alignments-of-etm-idl1-absorber-layers-with-a-fq6ts2vm.png Figure 3. Band alignments of ETM/IDL1/absorber layers with a) negative and b) positive CBO. IDL1 is used to count the recombination at the interface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-j-v-curves-and-b-quantum-efficiency-curves-of-psc-6f75nmz4.png Figure 4. a) J-V curves and b) Quantum efficiency curves of PSC with parameters in Table 2 after device optimization https://scispace.com/papers/theory-and-use-of-the-general-geometry-twotran-program-3kg3nbf1n4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-i1-coot-4x2a4qlm.png Fig. I1*. (Coot,,) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-coordinates-in-r-9-geometry-g2s9rnw6.png Fig. 2. Coordinates in (r,9) geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-variation-of-during-a-hypothetical-eigenvalue-search-zy7vwnd8.png Fig. 19. Variation of \ during a hypothetical eigenvalue search. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-flow-chart-of-subroutine-inker-2tv94kjx.png Fig . 10. Flow Chart of Subroutine INKER. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-flow-chart-of-subroutine-inital-k3izzjxm.png Fig . 7 . Flow Chart of Subroutine INITAL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-flow-cheurt-of-subroutine-rebal-14phz4su.png Fig . 13 . Flow Cheurt of Subroutine REBAL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-22-amplitudes-of-the-contours-are-also-given-but-we-have-2fi2qym1.png Fig. 22. Amplitudes of the contours are also given, but we have not reproduced these here. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-flow-chart-of-subroutine-fiscal-3jucyrqg.png Fig. 8. Flow Chart of Subroutine FISCAL. https://scispace.com/papers/therapeutic-interventions-with-child-and-adolescent-1ui2zs1hcz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-impact-of-csa-on-children-and-adolescents-15vtbj8h.png Figure 1. Impact of CSA on Children and Adolescents https://scispace.com/papers/there-goes-the-neighborhood-people-s-attitudes-and-the-3pm4sz8h7r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-immigration-effects-on-attitudes-3ebdpiwj.png Table 4: Immigration Effects on Attitudes https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-immigration-effects-on-economic-and-social-outcomes-6lpn376t.png Table 5: Immigration Effects on Economic and Social Outcomes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-attitudes-sample-statistics-2xk8cuhc.png Table 2: Attitudes: Sample Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-economic-and-social-outcomes-sample-statistics-33tpk51s.png Table 3: Economic and Social Outcomes: Sample Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attitudes-towards-immigrants-2bmdrd2a.png Table 1: Attitudes towards Immigrants https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-relationship-between-share-of-immigrants-and-iv-uxf1vtru.png Figure 1: Relationship between Share of Immigrants and IV https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-and-dynamic-mechanical-properties-of-blends-of-3iks6f33qa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-dsc-heating-scans-for-pure-bitumen-and-pe-b-modified-h7hc35l9.png Fig. 5 DSC heating scans for pure bitumen and PE–B modified bitumen https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-heat-of-fusion-dhf-for-the-different-pmbs-2sbor3gz.png Fig. 8 Heat of fusion, DHf, for the different PMBs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-glass-transition-temperature-tg-as-a-function-of-u9yw9x8u.png Fig. 6 Glass transition temperature, Tg, as a function of polymer content for the different PMBs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-melting-temperature-tm-as-a-function-of-bitumen-3elum1j5.png Fig. 7 Melting temperature, Tm, as a function of bitumen content in the polymer-rich phase for the different PMBs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-complex-viscosity-g-as-measured-at-180-c-for-pure-8ik6bkz8.png Fig. 11 Complex viscosity, g*, as measured at 180 C for pure bitumen and different PMBs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-shear-storage-modulus-g0-of-20-wt-pe-o-pmb-at-15bylmdx.png Fig. 12 Shear storage modulus, G0, of 20 wt% PE–O PMB at different T https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-variation-in-tensile-storage-modulus-e0-and-in-the-2n5erckh.png Fig. 10 Variation in tensile storage modulus E0 and in the loss angle, tan d, with composition for PE–O and PMBs containing PE–O https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-master-curves-of-the-dynamic-viscoelastic-functions-3pijetty.png Fig. 13 Master curves of the dynamic viscoelastic functions of the unmodified bitumen at a reference temperature Tr = 50 C. The inset shows the corresponding shift factors, aT, as a function of DT = T - Tr https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-and-sound-insulation-performance-assessment-of-2fzsp4u5ri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-layout-and-manufacturing-of-vacuum-insulated-17zyu104.png Figure 1. Layout and manufacturing of vacuum insulated composite insulation panel for thermal transmission testing (Panel T2). (a) XPS edge border placed on aluminium skin (b) XPS bottom layer placed on aluminium skin inside XPS borders (c) insertion of vacuum insulation cores (2 x 300mm x 300mm) (d) complete composite insulation panel after placing XPS top layer and aluminium skins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-effect-of-mlv-layer-on-the-sound-reduction-index-r-lqbqur3j.png Figure 10. Effect of MLV layer on the sound reduction index (R) of vacuum insulated CIPs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparison-of-u-values-at-centre-and-edge-of-cips-m35uix3r.png Table 4. Comparison of U-values at centre and edge of CIPs https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-measured-thermal-conductivity-of-vacuum-insulation-wyqy57ty.png Table 3. Measured thermal conductivity of vacuum insulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-measured-weighted-sound-reduction-and-weight-2rv0h3yw.png Figure 11. Measured weighted sound reduction (𝑅𝑤) and weight comparison of vacuum insulated CIPs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-thermal-conductivity-measurement-equipment-b-u-16bk0sje.png Figure 4. (a) Thermal conductivity measurement equipment (b) U-values measurement setup (centre of panel) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-layout-and-manufacturing-of-vacuum-insulated-nvtz9o3w.png Figure 3. Layout and manufacturing of vacuum insulated composite insulation panel for sound insulation testing (Panel A4) (a) XPS edge border placed on aluminium skin (b) XPS bottom layer placed on aluminium skin inside XPS borders (c) insertion of vacuum insulation core (2 x 300mm x 300mm) (d) complete composite insulation panel after placing XPS top layer and aluminium skins https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-sound-insulation-test-setup-a-measurement-setup-2grtdaij.png Figure 5. Sound insulation test setup: (a) Measurement setup during test; (b) Schematic of the setup https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-conductivity-of-dilute-solutions-of-chainlike-2izqtwwbfo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-thermal-conductivity-contributions-for-several-3djjwp1x.png TABLE I. Thermal conductivity contributions for several models.~Note: All entries in the table have to be multiplied by nak 2T/z0 .! https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-decomposition-and-combustion-chemistry-of-cellulosic-3f1jpg837v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approximate-analysis-of-some-biomass-types-and-mufjz1kr.png Table 1 Approximate analysis of some biomass types and species (Shafizadeh, 1982; Mok et al., 1992). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-chemical-feedback-autocatalyses-charring-but-the-heat-3l93r0st.png Fig. 6. Chemical feedback autocatalyses charring, but the heat produced promotes the competing volatilisation process. The chemical dehydrations have moderate activation energy and therefore set in at relatively low temperatures. But charring is highly exothermic and the hotter reaction zone allows the high activation energy volatilisation to kick in and take overdfor a short time. Volatilisation is endothermic so locally it self-damps, thus switching the reaction field again to the charring path, unless subsequent flaming combustion of the volatiles provides enough heat to self-sustain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-structural-formula-of-d-glucose-showing-the-lowest-30bomlbk.png Fig. 1. (a) Structural formula of D-glucose, showing the lowest energy “chair-like” conformation of the ring. By convention the structure is drawn as shown, with a carbon atom implicit at each vertex and hydrogen atoms bonded directly to carbon not shown. Carbon atom numbering convention is shown. (b) Structural formula of 2-unit fragment of cellulose chain, known as cellobiose, showing the b(1/4) glycosidic bond. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-segment-of-neighbouring-cellulose-chains-showing-1wptwckc.png Fig. 2. A segment of neighbouring cellulose chains showing some of the intra- and inter-mo and R0 represent continuation of the chains. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-thermolysis-of-a-cellulose-chain-a-at-the-glycosidic-c-2u6jqh43.png Fig. 3. Thermolysis of a cellulose chain A at the glycosidic C-4eC-1 bond initially produces a resonance-stabilised positively charged hybrid species B and a non-reducing end C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-typical-thermokinetic-and-thermochemical-data-for-3s36oqwn.png Table 2 Typical thermokinetic and thermochemical data for cellulose combustion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-intramolecular-nucleophilic-addition-to-the-positively-2qgrc7ty.png Fig. 4. Intramolecular nucleophilic addition to the positively charged centre results in cyclisation between O-6 and C-1, forming a levoglucosan end of the cellulose chain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nucleophilic-addition-of-a-water-molecule-to-the-2g2cuwlq.png Fig. 5. Nucleophilic addition of a water molecule to the positively charged centre forms a hydrolysed cellulose fragment. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-conductivity-of-the-potential-repository-horizon-1yl7id0qyu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-9-usw-h-6-4k3r242c.png Figure B-9. USW H-6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-24-usw-uz-1-uz-14-core-zbbhg6q8.png Figure B-24. USW UZ-1/UZ-14 Core https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-25-lithophysal-porosity-realization-15-28bpi7vx.png Figure 6-25. Lithophysal Porosity Realization 15 (Dimensionless) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-5-model-parameters-for-the-three-dimensional-cubic-1bd6k7g6.png Table 6-5. Model Parameters for the Three-Dimensional Cubic Model (Continued) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-11-parameter-distributions-for-the-three-1fa4njwn.png Figure 6-11. Parameter Distributions for the Three-dimensional Cubic Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-24-matrix-porosity-realization-15-dimensionless-1obfrwop.png Figure 6-24. Matrix Porosity Realization 15 (Dimensionless) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-30-usw-wt-10-20b20b8h.png Figure B-30. USW WT-10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-2-usw-g-2-2b45t6hz.png Figure B-2. USW G-2 https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-durability-and-fracture-behavior-of-layered-yb-gd-y-lsk62988d9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-oufytlue.png Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-10er3iea.png Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-3q84e455.png Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-1ppzapce.png Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-2gbx70h7.png Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-2jjvfpb3.png Fig. 9. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-2r4ajs9c.png Fig. 8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-3lryiz38.png Fig. 7. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-expansion-and-crystal-structure-of-cementite-fe3c-56yttlfl48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-neutron-powder-diffraction-patterns-of-fe3c-at-100-2wh0qi59.png Figure 1 Neutron powder diffraction patterns of Fe3C at 100 K (ferromagnetic phase) and 600 K (paramagnetic phase). Experimental data are shown as points, the line giving the calculated pattern from the Rietveld re®nement. The lower trace shows the difference between the observed and calculated values and the tick marks give the expected positions of the Bragg re¯ections. The 2 values shown (168 and 90 ) refer to the scattering angles of the HRPD detector banks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-projection-of-the-cementite-structure-down-100-1n88nn9m.png Figure 4 (a) Projection of the cementite structure down [100]. Only those atoms with fractional coordinates in the range 0 < x < 0.5 are shown, corresponding to a single close-packed pleated sheet of Fe atoms. (b) Projection of the cementite structure down [001], showing the pleating of the close-packed sheets of Fe atoms; the inter-sheet Fe±Fe contacts are shown in the left-hand half of the diagram. (c) Local environment of a C atom, viewed down [101], showing the trigonal prismatic coordination by six Fe atoms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-unit-cell-volume-of-fe3c-as-a-function-of-2tsxnye0.png Figure 3 (a) Unit-cell volume of Fe3C as a function of temperature. The symbols show the measured data points (the estimated standard uncertainties lie within the symbols). The line shows the results of the ®t to equation (4). (b) Volumetric thermal expansion coef®cient of Fe3C as a function of temperature. The symbols were obtained by numerical differentiation of the data shown in (a). The line was obtained via equation (4). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-lattice-parameters-of-fe3c-as-a-function-of-vko6vffr.png Figure 2 Lattice parameters of Fe3C as a function of temperature; the error bars shown are at 1 the estimated standard uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fractional-coordinates-and-isotropic-atomic-2xvt3gge.png Table 1 Fractional coordinates and isotropic atomic displacement parameters of Fe3C as a function of temperature. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-monitoring-raman-spectrometer-system-for-remote-1gjrc8vl6l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-raman-spectra-of-various-water-based-media-inside-the-3vqngiel.png Fig. 8. Raman spectra of various water-based media inside the OptiCell dish at 25 C. Although changes in total signal are apparent because of the amount of Raman backscatter, the spectral line shape is very consistent. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temperature-dependence-of-raman-spectrum-in-di-water-y7q7i6au.png Fig. 9. Temperature dependence of Raman spectrum in DI water between 25.2 and 44.2 C at 1 C intervals. All data are collected from the same position on the OptiCell dish and referenced against the in situ thermocouple. The pump laser was focused approximately in the middle of the 2-mmthick sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-block-diagram-of-the-diaphot-microscope-setup-and-5ebwzzhy.png Fig. 1. Block diagram of the Diaphot microscope setup and optical paths. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-double-peak-fitting-of-the-oh-stretching-band-at-a-3u1zzguo.png Fig. 11. Double-peak fitting of the OH stretching band at a temperature of 25.2 C on a 2-mm-thick sample of DI water in an OptiCell dish. The peak functions are the approximated Voigt/Faddeeva (a convolution of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions). Both peaks were specified to have the same shape, allowing the common shape and individual center wavenumbers, heights, and widths of the peaks to be varied using an automated Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method for double-peak fitting. For the subsequent peak fittings at higher temperatures, the shape of the peaks and the peak-center wavenumbers were kept constant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-ratio-of-the-areas-under-peak-2-versus-peak-1-of-the-28bwric9.png Fig. 12. Ratio of the areas under peak 2 versus peak 1 of the OH stretching Raman band at temperatures between 25.2 and 44.2 C of DI water (outlined circles) and H1299 cells in PBS (solid triangles) in an OptiCell dish. Linear regression for the DI water data (R2 = 0.996) is shown as a dotted line and for the H1299 cells (R2 = 0.990) as a solid line. Inset shows a closeup view of the OptiCell dish with the laser light coming in from below and millimeter wave waveguide aperture above. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-temperature-dependence-of-raman-spectrum-in-h1299-2xlta63e.png Fig. 10. Temperature dependence of Raman spectrum in H1299 immortalized epithelial cell line between 25.2 and 44.2 C at 1 C intervals. The cells were cultured in RPMI medium in OptiCell dish at 37 C and 5% CO2. For spectroscopy measurement, the RPMI was replaced with PBS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ccd-picture-through-eyepiece-showing-coaligned-671-nm-1fwghkz0.png Fig. 3. CCD picture through eyepiece showing coaligned 671-nm laser light spot and top white-light illumination spot on a 1-mm diameter circle drawn on a piece of ground glass positioned at the objective focus. The dark rim around the edge of the field is the out of focus aperture of the white-light illuminator used to center the illuminator over the field of view. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photo-of-instrument-setup-showing-pump-laser-ir-31k6yhlz.png Fig. 2. Photo of instrument setup showing pump laser, IR monitor camera, thermocouple monitor, OptiCell culture dish, camera port fiber coupler, spectrometer, and millimeter wave exposure system with the waveguide output on top of the biosample. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-lag-correction-on-slocum-ctd-glider-data-4bhyr2plkv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correction-parameters-ao-as-to-and-ts-obtained-from-40avfl48.png TABLE 1. Correction parameters (ao, as, to, and ts) obtained from CTD pairs of glider vs ship, glider downcast vs glider upcast, and median. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temperature-salinity-diagram-from-glider-ctd-downcast-3bgwpwta.png FIG. 4. Temperature–salinity diagram from glider CTD (downcast vs upcast) gathered during the calibration experiment. Abbreviations in the legend are same as those in Fig. 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-corrected-salinity-using-parameters-from-left-morison-nygfcco6.png FIG. 5. Corrected salinity using parameters from (left) Morison et al. (1994) and (right) the new proposed methodology (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-and-synthetic-t-s-diagram-showing-how-a-12hqbyc0.png FIG. 1. Schematic and synthetic T–S diagram showing how a polygon is built from two profiles and how its area is computed through the summation of the forming triangles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-map-of-the-area-northeast-of-mallorca-spain-in-the-1ixapwlf.png FIG. 2. (a) Map of the area (northeast of Mallorca, Spain, in the western Mediterranean) for the thermal lag correction experiment in 2008. (b) Schematic view of the CTD and glider sampling design. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-left-temperature-and-right-salinity-profiles-from-3gmohf99.png FIG. 3. (left) Temperature and (right) salinity profiles from glider and reference CTD. (top) Downcast and (bottom) upcast. The ship profile (black lines) is considered as reference. Reference: ref, original: orig., corrected with the objective method: corr, and corrected with statistical median parameters: stat. https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-hydraulic-analysis-of-the-eu-demo-helium-cooled-33f778shv1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-poloidal-distribution-of-design-loads-and-coolant-3kciykrw.png TABLE I POLOIDAL DISTRIBUTION OF DESIGN LOADS AND COOLANT MASS FLOW [13] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-poloidal-distribution-of-the-heat-load-to-the-bz-blue-3mdimjqd.png Fig. 8. Poloidal distribution of the heat load to the BZ (blue circles) and FW (green crosses), and of the coolant mass flow rate (pink triangles; DIV = divertor) [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-getthem-model-of-the-hcpb-cooling-system-the-ex-vessel-rlgr99wf.png Fig. 7. GETTHEM model of the HCPB cooling system: the ex-vessel components (greyed-out), not yet modelled, are substituted by fixed pressure boundary conditions (represented by the circles pin/pout). MIA/MIB: Inlet Manifold, loop A/B; MOA/MOB: Outlet Manifold, loop A/B. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-radial-distribution-of-the-power-peaking-factor-for-24e9tiar.png Fig. 9. Radial distribution of the power peaking factor for the BZ heat load [13]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-2015-baseline-design-of-the-eu-demo1-307exvq4.png Fig. 1. A sketch of the 2015 baseline design of the EU DEMO1 tokamak [1], [2], showing the main components. The outermost (grey) component, the cryostat, has ~ 40 m diameter and is ~ 30 m tall. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-overall-peak-eurofer-temperature-in-a-hcpb-segment-2d00gc7t.png Fig. 16. Overall peak EUROFER temperature in a HCPB segment, with the series (green solid line) and parallel (blue dashed line) cooling options. The thin, pink, solid line represents the operational upper limit of 550 °C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-radial-poloidal-cross-section-of-a-hcpb-bm-showing-the-36pjmwdl.png Fig. 4. Radial-poloidal cross section of a HCPB BM, showing the different materials and highlighting the channels of loops A and B, as well as the dummy channels in the CP. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-radial-poloidal-cross-section-of-a-hcpb-bm-showing-the-89dko96z.png Fig. 3. Radial-poloidal cross section of a HCPB BM, showing the alternate structure of breeder, neutron multiplier and cooling plates (adapted from [4]). https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-plasma-synthesis-of-zinc-ferrite-nanopowders-451gazetmm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-z-z-surface-s-and-bulk-b-molar-ratios-of-zno-related-1wvc5kqi.png Table 2 Ž . Ž .Surface S and bulk B molar ratios of ZnO related to Fe O2 3 Ž .and calculated layer thicknessd of ZnO https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-transmission-electron-micrograph-of-sample-4-3nm1wihv.png Fig. 5. Transmission electron micrograph of sample 4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-methods-of-sample-preparation-and-results-of-xrd-1map313v.png Table 1 Methods of sample preparation and results of XRD measurements https://scispace.com/papers/thermal-stability-of-a-highly-deformed-warm-rolled-tungsten-3hvrv7f2hw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-light-optical-micrographs-for-tungsten-warm-rolled-to-2likbmfx.png Fig. 1. Light optical micrographs for tungsten warm-rolled to 90% thickness reduction: a) as-received condition with elongated grains along RD, b) partially recrystallized sample annealed for 20 h at 1175 C, where a mixture of equiaxed recrystallized grains and deformed elongated grains is observed, c) fully recrystallized sample annealed for 50 h at 1175 C showing only equiaxed recrystallized grains. All sections represent the transversal plane containing the rolling and the normal direction, RD and ND, respectively; RD being horizontal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-arrhenius-plot-of-characteristic-times-during-jzyy5lny.png Fig. 4. Arrhenius plot of characteristic times during isothermal annealing of tungsten warm-rolled to 90% thickness reduction in dependence on temperature: time to half of the total hardness loss tHV/2 and time to half recrystallization tX=0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-the-vickers-hardness-of-tungsten-2zi3ud96.png Fig. 3. Evolution of the Vickers hardness of tungsten warmrolled to 90% thickness reduction with annealing time at different temperatures: (a) 1100 C and (b) 1250 C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-boundary-map-of-tungsten-warm-rolled-to-90-thickness-1e73kkm0.png Fig. 2. Boundary map of tungsten warm-rolled to 90% thickness reduction (as-received condition) obtained by EBSD with step size 0.2 µm of an area 224231 µm2 on a transversal section containing the rolling and the normal direction, RD and ND, respectively. Grey and black lines represent low and high angle boundaries, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-semi-logarithmic-plot-of-the-vickers-hardness-of-30wrjt9z.png Fig. 5. Semi-logarithmic plot of the Vickers hardness of tungsten warm-rolled to 90% thickness reduction in dependence on annealing time at all studied temperatures. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-evolution-of-vickers-hardness-of-tungsten-warm-rolled-24hqi17s.png Fig. 6. Evolution of Vickers hardness of tungsten warm-rolled to 90% thickness reduction during annealing at 1175 C. Experimental values (symbols) versus predictions by solely the recovery model of Eq. (2) (dashed line) and additionally the recrystallization model of Eqs. (3) and (4) (solid line). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-boundary-map-obtained-by-ebsd-with-a-3-um-step-size-7zymhq2n.png Fig. 7. Boundary map obtained by EBSD with a 3 µm step size covering an area 1095 852 µm2 on the transversal section of a sample annealed for 15 h at 1175 °C. A few nuclei shown in white are identified (as regions with internal misorientations below 1°, partially surrounded by high angle boundaries and at least 81 µm2 large) leading to a recrystallized fraction of 2%. https://scispace.com/papers/thermo-magnetic-behaviour-of-afm-mfm-cantilevers-4mgtjkhsmh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-force-versus-magnetic-field-at-z-100-um-exprimental-jmihag8w.png Figure 5. Force versus magnetic field at =z 100 µm. Exprimental data: (⚪) tip side configuration; (◽) reflector side configuration. MFMR (a), MESP (b), HYDRA (c) and FORT (d). Solid lines: comparison with the model (equations (8) and (9)). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-long-distance-at-z-100-um-attractive-a-or-repulsive-u4ci0dcp.png Table 1. Long distance (at =z 100 µm) attractive (A) or repulsive (R) response of the four cantilever types for tip side and reflector side configurations. Apparent magnetic coefficients were obtained by fitting the experimental data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-product-of-magnetic-monopoles-g-gm-probe-m-surface-2gr2q9g0.png Table 2. Product of magnetic monopoles (g gm probe m surface in A m2 2) obtained by fitting the experimental data for the four cantilever types for tip side and reflector side configurations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-magnetic-force-versus-distance-for-hydra-probes-2gfrdub4.png Figure 8. Magnetic force versus distance for HYDRA probes, measured at different B values. (a) tip side configuration; (b) reflector side configuration. Solid lines: comparison with the model (equations (8)–(10)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-magnetic-force-versus-distance-for-fort-probes-17ktmrq6.png Figure 9. Magnetic force versus distance for FORT probes, measured at different B values. (a) tip side configuration; (b) reflector side configuration. Solid lines: comparison with the model (equations (8)–(10)). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-experimental-set-up-4l1rz9gr.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the experimental set-up. An AFM probe is placed in an external magnetic field produced by a large coil with iron core. For a three-layer cantilever of total thickness h, e1 is the thickness of the coating on the tip side and e2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-typical-transient-regimes-observed-at-z-100-um-for-231o7fhb.png Figure 4. Typical transient regimes observed at =z 100 µm for MFMR cantilevers when the magnetic field ( =B 10 mT) is turned on (curve 1) and then turned off (curve 2). (a) tip side configuration and (b) reflector side configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-commercial-afm-cantilevers-used-in-the-experiments-18320jcz.png Figure 3. Commercial AFM cantilevers used in the experiments. https://scispace.com/papers/thermochemical-ethanol-via-indirect-gasification-and-mixed-2vywhmuy1i 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-20-other-fixed-costs-12cvnwym.png Table 20. Other Fixed Costs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-capital-intensities-for-biomass-to-2vcnct82.png Figure 2. Estimated capital intensities for biomass-to-methanol processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-17-system-design-information-for-gasification-3vfw5823.png Table 17. System Design Information for Gasification References https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sensitivity-analysis-of-biomass-ash-content-tpawhs0q.png Figure 11. Sensitivity analysis of biomass ash content https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chemical-engineering-magazines-plant-cost-indices-1vyoq6sn.png Figure 4. Chemical Engineering Magazine’s plant cost indices https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-general-cost-factors-in-determining-total-installed-23j5loth.png Table 14. General Cost Factors in Determining Total Installed Equipment Costs https://scispace.com/figures/table-21-salary-comparison-359xcspx.png Table 21. Salary Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-mixed-alcohol-product-distributions-3v0bxolw.png Table 9. Mixed Alcohol Product Distributions https://scispace.com/papers/thermalization-and-many-body-localization-in-systems-under-17c9m3rwzo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-dnp-system-the-spatial-positions-of-the-nuclear-3sm8wbtu.png FIG. 1. Left: DNP system: the spatial positions of the nuclear spins of the compound (in blue) and the electron spins of few radical molecules (in red) are frozen in a glassy matrix. The spins are coupled via dipolar and hyperfine interactions. Right: The simplified model of Eq. (9). A single nuclear spin is surrounded by a collection of electron spins. Each spin is assumed to have random interactions with all others. The electronuclear couplings are much weaker than the dipolar couplings connecting the electron spins among each other. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-summary-of-the-parameters-used-in-our-calculations-2a33fftq.png TABLE I. Summary of the parameters used in our calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-kullback-leibler-divergence-comparing-the-3q705o1g.png FIG. 5. (a) The Kullback-Leibler divergence, comparing the distribution in the stationary state pstatn with the spin-temperature ansatz p Ans n https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-borghinis-original-model-and-our-2eleuoe3.png FIG. 6. Comparison between Borghini’s original model and our improved phenomenological model based on aU -dependent decoherence time T2e(U ). The two models are compared with the numerical data obtained by exact diagonalization. While Borghini’s prediction strongly overestimates the nuclear polarization, the improved model yields very good agreement with the numerical data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-dnp-profile-i-e-the-steady-state-value-of-the-1enivzgn.png FIG. 3. The DNP profile, i.e., the steady state value of the nuclear polarization as a function of the microwave frequency. In red we show the results for U = 2 MHz, in blue the results for U = 15 MHz. Symbols correspond to the steady state value of the nuclear polarization, while the dashed line corresponds to Eq. (1) with the spin temperature β−1s obtained with the fitting method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-breakdown-of-the-existence-of-a-spin-temperature-the-2qrg3tct.png FIG. 2. Breakdown of the existence of a spin temperature. The steady state polarization of the nuclear spin is plotted as a function of the typical dipolar coupling strength U at a fixed magnetic field B = 3.35 T (left) and as a function of the magnetic field B at fixed U = 15 MHz (right). The red circles show the nuclear polarization in the stationary state averaged over many realizations (the error bar shows the standard deviation). These results are compared with values of the nuclear polarization obtained from Eq. (1). The blue triangles correspond to the spin temperature, β−1s estimated by the fitting method of (19), while the black dashed line corresponds to the perturbative expansion discussed in Sec. III B. Both plots show the breakdown of the spin-temperature assumption once the spread of Zeeman inhomogeneities dominates over the strength of the dipolar interactions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-numerical-investigation-of-the-eth-hypothesis-for-a-1z6x6cyw.png FIG. 4. Numerical investigation of the ETH hypothesis for a closed system of N electron spins. (a) Average polarization of the selected spin Ŝ1z in the eigenstates |n〉 of N = 12 electron spins with vanishing total magnetization. The eigenstates are ordered according to increasing energy. Data are shown for three different values of the dipolar strength: U = 2 MHz (blue), 15 MHz (red), 45 MHz (blue); ωe = 54 MHz. (b) Difference in local magnetization between consecutive eigenstates, δM1n = 〈n+ 1| Ŝ1z |n+ 1〉 − 〈n| Ŝ1z |n〉, averaged over disorder realizations and globally unpolarized eigenstates, for different system sizes N = 8, . . . ,16. An exponential decay of δM1n with N indicates a thermal phase obeying ETH, while a saturation signals many-body localization. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamics-of-bcc-metals-in-phase-field-crystal-models-1nrf4qb1oc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-density-profile-of-110-bcc-liquid-interface-in-1llzutcz.png FIG. 4. Density profile of 110 bcc-liquid interface in secondorder DFT. z here is the axis perpendicular to the surface, measured in equilibrium lattice spacings of the bcc phase, and n =A−1 n x ,y ,z dxdy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-free-energies-of-liquid-solid-line-and-bcc-dashed-line-2ed19zb6.png FIG. 5. Free energies of liquid solid line and bcc dashed line phases in the GL PFC model. Crosses show coexistence points obtained by the double tangent construction. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-physical-quantities-of-iron-in-1mkjy53a.png TABLE I. Comparison of physical quantities of iron in different models with experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-grain-boundary-energy-for-fe-as-a-function-of-1ao74yb3.png FIG. 10. Grain boundary energy for Fe as a function of misorientation angle. The solid points correspond to mismatch angles of 0° –45°, while the open points correspond to 90°− for angles between 45° and 90°. In the inset, / is plotted against ln , where in this instance is in radians. The solid line is a best fit to a straight line given by / =− 0.44089+1.087 ln J /m2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-free-energies-of-liquid-solid-line-and-bcc-dashed-line-31ktsogu.png FIG. 6. Free energies of liquid solid line and bcc dashed line phases in the EOF PFC model. Crosses show coexistence points obtained by double tangent construction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-local-density-n-in-100-crystal-planes-of-bcc-tppmq3wk.png FIG. 7. Local density n in 100 crystal planes of bcc coexisting with liquid above in the EOF PFC model. Below is the one-mode approximation with n0=0.009 and u=0.734 for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-profiles-of-110-bcc-liquid-surface-in-pfc-models-solid-1jtjjr91.png FIG. 8. Profiles of 110 bcc-liquid surface in PFC models. Solid line is obtained from the present EOF PFC functional, and dashed line is from the GL fitting method. z and n are defined as in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-sample-grain-boundaries-for-misorientation-angles-of-1-3fwbxawd.png FIG. 9. Sample grain boundaries for misorientation angles of 1.79° and 36.86° for the above and below configurations, respectively. In these figures the grayscale corresponds to n x ,y ,0 , with the z axis parallel to the grain boundary. https://scispace.com/papers/thermodynamic-decomposition-of-solvation-free-energies-with-4jt54b5jyg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-computation-times-per-frame-of-pme-gist-vs-gist-2016-dw4vtt7j.png Table 2. Computation times (per frame) of PME-GIST vs. GIST-2016. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-correlation-between-solutewater-entropy-and-3c5gzwvy.png Figure 5. The correlation between solutewater entropy and solvation entropy. Each dot represents a molecule, and the solid line is the linear regression line whose equation is written on the graph. The average standard errors of TDSsw and TDS are 0.13 kcal/mol and 0.65 kcal/mol, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ensemble-energy-kcal-mol-of-the-entire-pure-water-2bnfu7uq.png Table 1. Ensemble energy (Kcal/mol) of the entire pure water system calculated by different methods. The system comprises 922 water molecules, The GIST calculations analyzed the results of a 100 ns trajectory (50,000 frames) generated by the production phase of a neat water MD simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gist-and-pme-gist-voxel-energy-densities-kcal-mol-18f5vyrt.png Figure 1. GIST and PME-GIST voxel energy densities (Kcal/mol/Å3) for neat water. Left: Voxel energy densities calculated by GIST-2016 and PME-GIST. Each blue dot represents one of the 249,242 voxels in the system. Right: The relative differences in voxel energy densities calculated by GIST-2016 and PMEGIST. The relative difference was obtained by taking the difference between the voxel energy densities calculated by PME-GIST and GIST and dividing by the GIST-calculated voxel energy. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-correlation-of-solvation-energy-desolv-calculated-313bjf4y.png Figure 4. Correlation of solvation energy (DEsolv) calculated by PME-GIST, GIST-2016 with TI. The average standard error of DEsolv calculated by PME-GIST and GIST-2016 is 0.18 kcal/mol and 0.19 kcal/mol, respectively. The black dashed diagonal line corresponds to perfect agreement between the GIST and TI. Solvation energies calculated by PME-GIST and GIST2016 are shown in blue and orange, respectively. Each dot represents data for a molecule. The solid lines represent the linear regression fit for each data set with equations shown on the graph. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-energy-entropy-compensation-in-solvation-of-1mh8j1un.png Figure 11. The energy-entropy compensation in solvation of small molecules. Each dot represents the data for a molecule, and the solid line is the linear regression fit to this data whose equation is written on the graph. The solvation energy and entropy values are calculated by PME-GIST with the DO(2) correction added. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-decomposition-of-desolv-to-the-energy-changes-32rdncqz.png Figure 10. The decomposition of DEsolv to the energy changes of solute and water molecules. The molecules are ranked from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by the experimental free solvation energy. Bars represent mean values, and the error bars correspond to standard errors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-perturbation-of-water-molecules-in-regions-of-7p5z3dfa.png Figure 8. Perturbation of water molecules in regions of increasing distance around the solute. The solvation enthalpies and solute-water entropies were calculated by integrating the voxels within an increasing radius (1 Å – 15 Å) from the heavy atoms of benzene. The initial value (about -8 kcal/mol) reflects the energy change on benzene upon solvation; both curves are initially flat because there are no water molecules within ~3 Å of the benzene molecule. https://scispace.com/papers/thermoresistance-and-giant-magnetoresistance-of-2q4yaydeif 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-initial-thickness-tt-of-the-adsorbed-polymer-layer-1rims780.png Table 2. Initial thickness,tT , of the adsorbed polymer layer and parameters a,b for the fit of the Young modulus,E, of the composite versus the strain https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-stress-strain-curve-at-different-temperatures-2lp625b5.png Figure 2. Stress-strain curve at different temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-resistance-versus-temperature-of-cooling-the-solid-wgccfkvh.png Figure 4. Resistance versus temperature of cooling; the solid lines are the predictions of the model Eq(1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-resistance-versus-strain-the-solid-lines-are-the-11c2cru1.png Figure 3. Resistance versus strain; the solid lines are the predictions of the model Eq(1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-relative-decrease-of-the-resistance-of-two-76d8g9vo.png Figure 5. relative decrease of the resistance of two composites at 10% and 30% versus the applied magnetic field https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-resistance-versus-applied-pressure-for-different-30247uup.png Figure 1. Resistance versus applied pressure for different temperatures https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-for-the-change-of-resistance-due-to-a-1xky7y0k.png Figure 6. Comparison for the change of resistance due to a mechanical or a magnetic pressure https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-initial-gap-ht-between-the-two-mean-surfaces-at-1auqxsyz.png Table 1. Initial gap hT between the two mean surfaces at different temperatures https://scispace.com/papers/thermoelectric-performance-of-functionalized-sc-2-c-mxenes-323rrjpcvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seebeck-coefficients-and-electrical-conductivities-a9vl0ngg.png FIG. 3. Seebeck coefficients and electrical conductivities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-band-structures-with-orbital-weights-3ggn30vc.png FIG. 2. Band structures with orbital weights. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-lattice-thermal-conductivity-and-contribution-of-3s5dizsb.png TABLE IV. Lattice thermal conductivity and contribution of the acoustic phonon branches (W m−1 K−1). Data for graphene (10-μm sample), blue phosphorene, MoS2 (10-μm sample), MoSe2 (1-μm sample), and WSe2 (1-μm sample) at room temperature are given for comparison. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-figures-of-merit-llgefu0e.png FIG. 7. Figures of merit. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-atomic-structure-side-and-top-views-of-monolayer-sc2c-2b8wb28y.png FIG. 1. Atomic structure: Side and top views of monolayer Sc2C functionalized by (a) O, (b) F, and (c) OH. Color code: Sc pink, C brown, O red, F blue, and H yellow. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-structural-parameters-a-or-deg-and-band-gaps-ev-1yb0qvyg.png TABLE I. Structural parameters (Å or deg) and band gaps (eV). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thermoelectric-power-factors-and-electronic-thermal-os9hmuu8.png FIG. 4. Thermoelectric power factors and electronic thermal conductivities. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-phonon-dispersion-relations-additional-optical-3k8jq45h.png FIG. 5. Phonon dispersion relations. Additional optical branches appear at higher energy for OH functionalization. https://scispace.com/papers/thermoresponsive-layer-by-layer-assemblies-for-nanoparticle-kzsf8gjmiw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-8-thermo-response-of-a-pdac-pss-4-5-lbl-coated-dxm-5ub01muw.png Figure 4-8. Thermo-response of a) (PDAC/PSS)4.5 LbL-coated DXM NPs assembled at 0.5 M NaCl, b) (PDAC/PSS)4.5 LbL-coated DXM NPs assembled without NaCl, c) (PDAC/PSS)8.5 LbL-coated DXM NPs assembled at 0.5 M NaCl, d) (PDAC/PSS)8.5 LbL-coated DXM NPs assembled without NaCl. The Peppas model was applied to release data for (PDAC/PSS)8.5 LbL-coated DXM NPs at 60 oC(red short dash) and 37 oC (black short dash). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-the-procedure-of-lbl-coating-on-dxm-nps-2b329kr2.png Figure 3-1. The procedure of LbL coating on DXM NPs https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-the-korsmeyer-peppas-model-fitting-and-possible-2n2guxfd.png Table 4-2. The Korsmeyer–Peppas model fitting and possible mechanism of diffusional release from swellable controlled release systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-6-cumulative-dxm-percentage-release-from-a-pdac-pss-20ajbcv7.png Figure 4-6. Cumulative DXM percentage release from a) (PDAC/PSS)4.5 LbL-coated DXM NPs assembled at 0.5 M NaCl (circle) and without NaCl (square), b) (PDAC/PSS)8.5 LbL-coated DXM NPs assembled at 0.5 M NaCl (circle) and without NaCl (square). Release experiments were carried out in PBS 7.4 at 37 oC. The Peppas model was applied to release data from (PDAC/PSS)8.5 LbL-coated DXM NPs assembled at (red short dash) and without NaCl (black short dash). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-tem-of-left-pdac-pss-4-5-right-pdac-pss-8-5-k1hxl18m.png Figure 4-4. TEM of (left) (PDAC/PSS)4.5, (right) (PDAC/PSS)8.5 assembled at 0.5 M NaCl on DXM NPs at the magnification of 100,000. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-3-pdac-pss-layer-pairs-assembled-on-drug-2osxn1f7.png Figure 1-3. PDAC/PSS layer pairs assembled on drug nanoparticles https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-7-cumulative-dxm-release-from-bare-nps-at-37-oc-3luoibxg.png Figure 4-7. Cumulative DXM release from bare NPs at 37 oC (square) and 60 oC (circle) in PBS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-the-higuchi-model-fitting-and-release-kinetics-3c1l7w4o.png Table 4-1. The Higuchi model fitting and release kinetics constants https://scispace.com/papers/thermoelastic-investigation-of-a-quartz-tuning-fork-used-in-3e9117sg4w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-response-of-the-qtf-in-air-a-and-in-vacuum-b-12id6sm6.png FIG. 3. Response of the QTF in air (a) and in vacuum (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-piezoelectric-signal-of-the-qtf-vs-position-of-the-gsbuc9rj.png FIG. 2. Piezoelectric signal of the QTF vs. position of the spot on the QTF side. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-variation-of-the-piezoelectric-signal-during-a-single-3u0hqo8p.png FIG. 8. Variation of the piezoelectric signal during a single scan of the carbon black grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-set-up-of-the-absorption-measurement-in-the-reflection-2s8bfwqw.png FIG. 7. Set-up of the absorption measurement in the reflection configuration: imaging (a), non-imaging (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-characterization-bench-the-qtf-can-be-irradiated-9wi8wep9.png FIG. 1. Characterization bench. The QTF can be irradiated sidewards (a) or frontwards (b). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-piezoelectric-response-of-the-qtf-image-of-the-qtf-3mv00nsd.png FIG. 4 Piezoelectric response of the QTF. Image of the QTF electrodes (a), mapping of the piezoelectric signal modulus from a complete scan of the QTF with linear (b) or non linear color scale (c). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-calculated-displacement-field-of-the-qtf-in-its-first-2elb85sd.png FIG. 5. Calculated displacement field of the QTF in its first symmetric vibration mode @ 32 kHz (Freefem++, Gmsh) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-modeling-of-the-qtf-in-its-first-symmetric-vibration-clhicg71.png FIG. 6. Modeling of the QTF in its first symmetric vibration mode at 32 kHz (FreeFem++, Gmsh): strain εyy (a) and stress Tyy (b), both in normalized linear color scale. https://scispace.com/papers/thin-tunnel-oxide-grown-on-silicon-substrate-pretreated-by-3o0lfclv8l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-integration-of-the-a-anomalous-and-b-incremental-196pnecp.png Fig. 3. The integration of the (a) anomalous and (b) incremental low electric field leakage currents under various stress fluence for all samples. The integration of (a) was done by summing theI V from V = 0:5 to 0:5 V, and (b) was done by summing the(I I ) V from V = 0:5 to 3:5 V. In the integration,V is the gate voltage,I is the gate current and theI is the gate current in the fresh curves. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-positive-and-b-the-negativej-e-characteristics-1p7rqozq.png Fig. 2. (a) The positive and (b) the negativeJ E characteristics of the five samples. The 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, and 5 min samples were CFplasma treated for 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, and 5 min, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/thin-cyclomatrix-polyphosphazene-films-interfacial-21atgu61ym 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cross-sectional-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-hccp-3ovynt88.png Fig. 4 Cross-sectional scanning electron micrographs of HCCP-biphenol films. (a) HCCP-BPH, (b) HCCP-DHPE, (c) HCCP-DHBP, and (d) HCCP-BPS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-view-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-the-hccp-24600xhj.png Fig. 5 Top view scanning electron micrographs of the HCCP-biphenol films prepared by interfacial polymerization onto PDMS. (a) HCCP-BPH aqueous side, (b) HCCP-BPH organic side, (c) HCCP-DHPE aqueous side, (d) HCCP-DHPE organic side, (e) HCCP-DHBP aqueous side, (f ) HCCP-DHBP organic side, (g) HCCP-BPS aqueous side, and (h) HCCP-BPS organic side. HCCP-BPH and HCCP-DHPE form a relatively rough film whereas HCCP-DHBP and HCCP-BPS have a smooth surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-atomic-percentages-of-a-fluorine-and-b-chlorine-3n9zbdz8.png Fig. 11 Atomic percentages of (a) fluorine and (b) chlorine measured by XPS at both the aqueous and organic side of a HCCP-BPH film functionalized with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. All box plots were constructed from data obtained at 24 different spots. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-edx-spectrum-b-back-scatter-scanning-electron-10zuafly.png Fig. 10 (a) EDX spectrum, (b) back-scatter scanning electron micrograph, (c–e) EDX maps of the elements C, P, and F taken on the aqueous side of a HCCP-film functionalized with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-preparation-of-cyclomatrix-polyphosphazenes-by-16d60szu.png Fig. 1 The preparation of cyclomatrix polyphosphazenes by interfacial polymerization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-afm-quantitative-characterization-topographical-a-b-c-3b00ettg.png Fig. 6 AFM quantitative characterization: topographical (a, b, c, and d) and Young’s modulus (e, f, g, and h) images (3 μm × 3 μm) for the organic side of HCCP-BPH, HCCP-DHPE, HCCP-DHBP, and HCCP-BPS films. Height and Young’s modulus profiles (cross-sections) of the samples were taken along the white lines shown. The corresponding distributions of Young’s moduli are shown as histograms (obtained from all force–distance curves per map). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-mass-loss-up-to-600-degc-as-function-of-temperature-34iee3yt.png Fig. 8 (a) Mass loss up to 600 °C as function of temperature for HCCP-biphenol powders under nitrogen atmosphere, obtained with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. (b) Mass loss as a function of time at 600 °C for 2 hours showing that after an initial mass loss upon heating, the mass is stabilized. (c–f ) The mass loss (top) and mass spectrometer signal (bottom) upon heating for (c) HCCP-BPH, (d), HCCP-DHPE, (e) HCCP-DHBP, and (f ) HCCP-BPS. The release of H2 O (m/z = 18, blue, ), HCl (m/z = 37, red, ), C3 H3 (m/z = 39, green, , fragment of aromatic rings), CO2 (m/z = 44, black, tbf—), and SO2 (m/z = 64, yellow, ) is shown as function of temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-top-view-scanning-electron-micrographs-of-a-b-a-hccp-c5484lnd.png Fig. 9 Top-view scanning electron micrographs of (a, b) a HCCP-BPH film, and (c, d) a HCCP-BPH film functionalized with 2,2,2- trifluoroethanol. https://scispace.com/papers/three-body-breakup-in-dissociative-electron-attachment-to-29e9y1y39u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-final-results-for-o-production-in-dea-to-the-water-1b2wq50w.png FIG. 3: Final results for O− production in DEA to the water molecule, with the experimental results of Fedor et al.[10]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-results-for-dea-via-the-2b2-state-coupled-to-the-2a1-2q1utctm.png FIG. 2: Results for DEA via the 2B2 state, coupled to the 2A1 state via the conical intersection. a) Two-body cross sections. b) Kinetic energy release for DEA leading to H− + OH. The cross section per unit kinetic energy release is plotted versus incident energy and kinetic energy of H− + OH separation. The cut at 12eV is compared with the experimental results of Belic, Landau, and Hall [8] in the inset. c) Two- and three-body cross sections. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-phase-field-study-of-crack-seal-2ef38o685w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-local-peaks-of-crack-surface-represented-as-colored-3su1uryb.png Fig. 5. Local peaks of crack surface (represented as colored spheres) plotted over the rockcrystal growth interface for simulation A in (a) and (b) and for simulation B as shown in (c) and (d). The fractal peaks tracking the grain boundaries/triple/quadruple junctions are plotted as offwhite spheres in (a) and (c). The fractal peaks not tracked by grain boundaries/multi-junctions are plotted as light-blue spheres in (b) and (d). On the basis of the final microstructures, the values of GTEt1 (“t” being total time) for simulation A and B are 0.685 and 0.325 respectively. On accounting for temporal evolution, the corresponding values depreciate to 0.491 and 0.206. The grain colors refer to the axial tilt indexed in the color-bar. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-temporal-evolution-of-marked-areas-in-simulation-a-36dhrdod.png Fig. 9. Temporal evolution of marked areas in simulation A (slow crack-opening) show that the veins follow the trajectories of the opening peaks and evolve independently of their mis-orientation, with respect to the most preferred growth direction. In such a case, the grain boundaries/multi-junctions whose motion is pinned by the peaks of the advancing crack (shown in gray), track the opening trajectory. The color of the grains represent the axial tilt (numerical values also mentioned for grains in consideration) and indexed as per the colorbar. https://scispace.com/papers/three-crocodilian-genomes-reveal-ancestral-patterns-of-120o7oq82n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-crocodilian-genetic-diversity-and-population-history-a-3vsl5178.png Fig. 5. Crocodilian genetic diversity and population history. (A) Rates of observed heterozygosity within annotated exons, intergenic sequence, and introns. (B and C) PSMC estimates of the historical crocodilian Ne inferred from each genome shown in a time span of 5 million years (B) and 1 million years (C) under the assumption of a generation time of 20 years. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-numerical-simulation-of-blood-flow-in-two-2qkqpu02ub 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-physiological-inlet-waveform-of-mass-flux-2gamsldr.png Figure 3 - Physiological inlet waveform of mass flux. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-wss-in-unsteady-state-for-s2-stent-on-the-left-and-1m2abieb.png Figure 9 - WSS in unsteady state for S2 stent on the left and S1 one on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-mgs-in-unsteady-state-for-s2-stent-on-the-left-and-fllxkbty.png Figure 10 – MGS in unsteady state for S2 stent on the left and S1 one on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mesh-gga2rsws.png Figure 2 - Mesh. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-steady-state-distributions-of-wss-s2-stent-is-on-1h7jo4b5.png Figure 6 – Steady state distributions of WSS. S2 stent is on the left and S1 one on the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-osi-for-s2-stent-on-the-left-and-s1-one-on-the-2vpf8qzp.png Figure 11 – OSI for S2 stent on the left and S1 one on the right https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-reconstructed-geometries-a-complete-stent-s2-on-the-2gqwjiwj.png Figure 1 - Reconstructed geometries: (a) complete stent, S2 on the left and S1 on the right, (b) geometry used for numerical simulations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-steady-state-mgs-s2-stent-is-on-the-left-and-s1-one-1rjaherj.png Figure 7 – Steady state MGS. S2 stent is on the left and S1 one on the right. https://scispace.com/papers/three-dimensional-photonic-crystal-laser-driven-accelerator-12wbddzk5c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-left-the-waveguide-structure-right-the-accelerating-2z5on8w4.png FIGURE 2. Left: The waveguide structure. Right: The accelerating field seen by a speed-of-light particle, averaged over a lattice period, normalized to the accelerating field on axis, shown with structure contours for one transverse slice. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-diagram-of-8-layers-2-vertical-periods-of-the-1ie7o93c.png FIGURE 1. A diagram of 8 layers (2 vertical periods) of the woodpile lattice. Here a is the lattice period, c/a = √ 2, and w = 0.28a. https://scispace.com/papers/three-layers-of-energy-law-for-examining-co2-transport-for-27eknxgozx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-issues-within-the-legal-layers-for-co2-transport-in-lfx4skwc.png Table 1: Issues Within the Legal Layers for CO2 transport in the EU https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-issues-within-legal-layers-for-co2-transport-in-the-3vg2qafu.png Table 3: Issues Within Legal Layers for CO2 transport in the EU https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-legal-assessment-overview-of-co2-transport-scenarios-1br1igk9.png Table 2: Legal Assessment Overview of CO2 Transport Scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-rotterdam-nucleus-1ct1o4ja.png Figure 1: The Rotterdam Nucleus https://scispace.com/papers/three-distinct-holocene-intervals-revealed-in-nw-madagascar-3dbkhuqd2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-scanned-image-of-stalagmite-anjb-2-and-the-23srixxh.png Figure 3. (a) Scanned image of Stalagmite ANJB-2 and the corresponding variations in layer-specific width (LSW). (b) Scanned image of Stalagmite MAJ-5 and the corresponding layer-specific width (LSW). (c) Sketches of typical layer-bounding surfaces (Type E and Type L) of Railsback et al. (2013). Close-up photographs of the hiatuses are shown in Fig. S6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-regional-comparison-google-earth-image-showing-the-331tqya5.png Figure 8. Regional comparison. Google Earth image showing the location of sites reported in Table S3 and in Fig. 9. Most site records are from lake sediments, except for GeoB9307-3 (onshore off delta sediments), MD79257 (alkenone from marine sediment core), and Cold Air, Anjohibe, and Anjokipoty caves (stalagmites δ18O). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-climatological-and-geographic-setting-of-madagascar-3g6h2ynh.png Figure 1. Climatological and geographic setting of Madagascar and the study area. (a) Global rainfall maps recorded by NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite showing the total monthly rainfall in millimeters and the overall position of the ITCZ during November, 2006. Darker shades of blue indicate regions of higher rainfall (source: NASA Earth Observatory, 2016). (b) Bar plots of monthly precipitation and monthly average of daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperature in NW Madagascar, based on 1971–2000 climate data. Source: http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/ (access: 31 August 2016). (c) Simplified map showing the southwestern part of the Narinda karst and the location of the study areas. Inset figure is a map of Madagascar showing the extent of the Tertiary limestone outcrop that makes up the Narinda karst. (d–e) Maps of Anjohibe (ANJB) and Anjokipoty (ANJK) caves (St-Ours, 1959; Middleton and Middleton, 2002), with approximate location for sample collection (red dots). See Figs. S1–S3 in the Supplement for additional information about the study locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stable-isotope-data-scatter-plots-of-d13c-and-d18o-37tnve7n.png Figure 4. Stable isotope data. Scatter plots of δ13C and δ18O for Stalagmites MAJ-5 (green) and ANJB-2 (red) during the Malagasy early Holocene interval (circle) and the Malagasy late Holocene interval (triangle). The plot shows distinctive early and late Holocene conditions (roughly highlighted in gray and light blue, respectively). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-8-2-ka-bp-event-in-madagascar-oxygen-isotope-2o4rw4v1.png Figure 10. The 8.2 ka BP event in Madagascar. Oxygen isotope record from Greenland (GRIP and NGRIP) ice cores (Vinther et al., 2009) compared with Stalagmite ANJB-2 δ18O and δ13C. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-variations-in-d13c-d18o-and-mineralogy-in-iybcs4yw.png Figure 5. Variations in δ13C, δ18O, and mineralogy in Stalagmite ANJB-2 and Stalagmite MAJ-5 during the Malagasy early Holocene interval. Supplement Fig. S6 shows both the corrected and uncorrected isotope values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variations-in-d13c-d18o-and-mineralogy-in-37il44t6.png Figure 6. Variations in δ13C, δ18O, and mineralogy in Stalagmite ANJB-2 and Stalagmite MAJ-5 during the Malagasy late Holocene interval. Supplementary Fig. S7 shows both the corrected and uncorrected isotope values, and Fig. S8 compares the corrected δ18O values for both stalagmites. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-regional-comparison-a-lake-challa-bit-index-1wwwjq26.png Figure 9. Regional comparison. (a) Lake Challa BIT index (Verschuren et al., 2009). (b) Lake Tanganyika C28δD (Tierney et al., 2008, 2010). (c) Lake Masoko low field magnetic susceptibility (10−6 m3 kg−1) (Garcin et al., 2006). (d) Lake Malawi C28 δD (Konecky et al., 2011). (e) Lake Chilwa OSL dates of shoreline (Thomas et al., 2009). (f) Wonderkrater reconstructed paleoprecipitation, PWetQ (precipitation of the wettest quarter; Truc et al., 2013). (g) Cold Air Cave corrected (corr.) and uncorrected (uncorr.) δ18O profiles from Stalagmite T8 (Holmgren et al., 2003). (h) Tswaing Crater paleorainfall derived from sediment composition (Partridge et al., 1997). (i) Indian Ocean SST records from alkenone (Bard et al., 1997; Sonzogni et al., 1998). (j–k) Zambezi δD n-C31 alkane and δ13C n-C31 alkane (Schefuß et al., 2011). (l) Lake Tritrivakely stacked magnetic susceptibility (Williamson et al., 1998). (m) NW Madagascar (Anjohibe and Anjokipoty) interval of deposition of Stalagmite ANJB-2 and Stalagmite MAJ-5 (this study). The two vertical dashed lines indicate the boundary of the early, middle, and late Holocene by Walker et al. (2012) and Head and Gibbard (2015). https://scispace.com/papers/three-lectures-on-metastability-under-stochastic-dynamics-2rg86llz76 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-configuration-in-model-ii-dzshuudg.png Fig. 3. A configuration in model (II). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-paradigm-picture-of-the-energy-landscape-32xt6ta2.png Fig. 4. The paradigm picture of the energy landscape. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-configuration-in-r-19p638n8.png Fig. 10. A configuration in R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-nucleation-path-137jgbhy.png Fig. 6. A nucleation path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-paradigm-picture-of-metastability-dqdty6xh.png Fig. 1. The paradigm picture of metastability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-motion-along-the-border-of-the-droplet-configurations-289t6tgu.png Fig. 8. Motion along the border of the droplet. Configurations (3–13) form a U -path. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-configuration-in-model-i-3hn7100d.png Fig. 2. A configuration in model (I). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-configuration-in-r-2tjm7oim.png Fig. 9. A configuration in R. https://scispace.com/papers/three-models-for-two-phase-flow-in-porous-media-l7orufei1t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-approximate-solutions-with-gravity-driven-flow-e-10-2bgsi5ef.png Figure 4. Approximate solutions with gravity driven flow. ε = 10−2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-three-scales-1azzj22q.png Figure 1. The three scales. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-saturation-on-the-diagonal-left-e-0-1-middle-e-0-vzr6bpkc.png Figure 3. Saturation on the diagonal, left: ε = 0.1, middle: ε = 0.005, right: ε = 0.0001. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-e-0-1-left-2-9-middle-2-10-right-2-11-120mqudq.png Figure 2. ε = 0.1, left: (2.9), middle: (2.10), right: (2.11) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-approximate-solutions-with-gravity-driven-flow-e-10-qmhurb5s.png Figure 5. Approximate solutions with gravity driven flow. ε = 10−5. https://scispace.com/papers/three-phase-switching-with-m-sequences-for-sideband-auyl7deymj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-14y4v7wu.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-t7rtjghu.png TABLE 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2pni27g3.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/papers/three-principles-of-data-science-predictability-5glc1qkdt9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-assumptions-made-throughout-the-dslc-allow-researchers-1x0jwib4.png Fig. 3. Assumptions made throughout the DSLC allow researchers to use models as an approximation of reality. Narratives provided in PCS documentation can help justify assumptions to connect these two worlds. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-roc-curves-for-feature-selection-in-linear-model-24n9xoyv.png Fig. 5. ROC curves for feature selection in linear model setting, using pre-spcified threshold, with n = 250 (top two rows) and n = 1000 (bottom two rows) observations. Each plot corresponds to a different generative model. Prediction accuracy screening for PCS inference was conducted using a pre-specified threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-data-science-life-cycle-4f7bjvjg.png Fig. 1. The data science life cycle https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-roc-curves-for-feature-selection-in-linear-model-1xk8nmdd.png Fig. 4. ROC curves for feature selection in linear model setting, using 10 most accurate models, with n = 1000 observations. Each plot corresponds to a different generative model. Prediction accuracy screening for PCS inference was conducted using a pre-specified threshold. https://scispace.com/papers/three-prong-t-decays-with-charged-kaons-39gqdhauga 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-de-dx-for-pions-from-h-0-the-solid-3i5w43e9.png Figure 3: Distribution of dE/dx for pions from ! !h , ! ! + 0. The solid curve is a sum of two Gaussians and the dashed curve represents the single standard Gaussian. See text for details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-obtained-from-the-ts-to-x-distributions-the-3gxrrie2.png Table 2: Results obtained from the ts to x distributions. The ts take into account both kaon and pion contributions. The kaon parameters x (K) and (K) are determined from Monte Carlo and xed in the ts to data. The errors of these parameters from Monte Carlo statistics are translated into systematic uncertainties on the branching ratios due to Monte Carlo statistics. The de nition for each quantity can be found in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-fitted-x-distribution-for-same-sign-tracks-in-a-k-k-2w8imgx8.png Figure 9: Fitted x distribution for same-sign tracks in a) ! K K+ and b) ! K K+ 0 , after tagging of the opposite-sign kaon. The plots with error bars correspond to data, the solid curves are the sum and the dashed curves show the tted K components while the dotted curves indicate the contributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-the-invariant-mass-after-background-subtraction-in-yysm5pv8.png Figure 13: The + invariant mass after background subtraction in the decay ! K + . The t function is the sum of a Breit-Wigner form and the expected K re ection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-invariant-mass-spectra-for-the-k-sample-in-12mpsidw.png Figure 12: The invariant mass spectra for the ! K + sample in data (dots with error bars) and Monte Carlo (histogram). The K + signal predicted by the model of Ref [4] is shown in the dashed histogram and the expected feedthrough background is given by the shaded histogram. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-systematic-errors-all-are-relative-in-33eqxubk.png Table 4: Summary of systematic errors. All are relative in percent. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fitted-x-distribution-for-all-tracks-in-3h-and-3h-0-3kqphygx.png Figure 4: Fitted x distribution for all tracks in 3h and 3h 0 (top). The dots with error bars correspond to data. The t indicated by the solid curve is described in the text, while the dashed curve shows the tted kaon contribution, The residuals between the data and the t are shown in the bottom plot. The solid curve is the parametrization for x 0 and the dashed curve shows the expected deviation on the negative side assuming antisymmetry. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-distributions-of-kaon-momenta-for-a-same-sign-1ccg9cr1.png Figure 7: The distributions of kaon momenta for a) same-sign kaons and b) oppositesign kaons in 3h . The dots with error bars correspond to the tted data and the solid histograms are the Monte Carlo expectations following the model of Ref [4]. The dashed histograms are the expected distributions of pion momenta. https://scispace.com/papers/thrombectomy-or-intravenous-thrombolysis-in-patients-with-920lwrtcjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-patients-at-baseline-3hfist95.png Table 1 Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline. https://scispace.com/papers/thufur-and-turf-exfoliation-in-a-subalpine-grassland-on-mt-3i4cjohypw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distribution-of-subalpine-grassland-gray-surface-on-3a6a553x.png FIGURE 1 Distribution of subalpine grassland (gray surface) on Mt Halla and two sites for studying thufur in a summit crater (A: 1840 m asl) and turf exfoliation on a gentle northwestern slope (B: 1710 m asl). (Map and photos by Taeho Kim) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-seasonal-mean-extent-of-riser-retreat-from-40-nitlf5ql.png TABLE 2 Seasonal mean extent of riser retreat from 40 exfoliation sites between September 2002 and September 2004. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-properties-of-thufur-on-mt-halla-3ic65vhg.png TABLE 1 Soil properties of thufur on Mt Halla. https://scispace.com/papers/tidal-debris-in-elliptical-galaxies-as-tracers-of-mergers-3hv6n3z70m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-dependence-of-the-b-r-color-on-radius-measured-in-nhtc4tv6.png Fig. 7.— The dependence of the (B−R) color on radius measured in units of galaxy’s scale lengths. a) The (B−R) color of spiral galaxies (de Jong & van der Kruit 1994) as function of radial disc scale length. Disc scale lengths are derived by a linear fit to the surface brightness curve between 10 and 50 arcsec. b) The (B−R) color of giant elliptical galaxies as function of half-light radius (data from Peletier et al. (1990)). The major axes provided in the original reference have been transformed to half-light radii using the ellipticity at 10 arcsec. Symbols and shaded areas are as in Fig. 6. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-evolution-of-b-r-color-in-synthetic-stellar-1kfk5thm.png Fig. 8.— The evolution of (B −R) color in synthetic stellar population models (Bruzual & Charlot 2003). The (B −R) color as function of age for a simple stellar population of solar metallicity (red solid line). The blue solid line shows the (B−R) color of a composite stellar population with exponential declining star formation rate, a 4 Gyr e-fold time and half-solar metallicity. The shaded area brackets the (B−R) colors once we vary the e-fold time between 1.5 Gyrs and infinity, i.e. a constant star formation rate, and the metallicity between halfsolar and solar. The colors are assumed to be measured 12 Gyrs after the initiation of the star formation (vertical dot-dashed line). The horizontal dashed lines indicate the lower and upper quartiles in (B − R) color at 3 disc-scalelengths from the center of the disk (from Fig. 7a). Dashed blue lines indicate the (B − R) color of a stellar population with initially constant star formation which is then quenched 4 Gyrs, 2 Gyrs or 1 Gyr before the observation. The inset shows the (B − R) color evolution restricted to the last 6 Gyrs previous to observation. Our models assume a Chabrier initial mass function (Chabrier 2003). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-evolution-of-merging-galaxies-surface-brightness-maps-k6vc3f9s.png Fig. 3.— Evolution of merging galaxies. Surface brightness maps showing the stellar component at different stages of the simulation of a merger between a massive elliptical galaxy and a bulgeless disk with one tenth of the mass of the accreting elliptical; the systems are on an eccentric orbit. The top images show the merging systems 200 Myrs after the beginning of the simulation (left) and 800 Myrs later on their way to the second pericentric passage (right). At this point the disk is already heavily damaged and tidal streams appear. The bottom images show the remnant 500 Myrs (left) and 1 Gyr (right) after the merger. The visible tidal streams stem from the disk and begin to develop at the first pericentric passage. They survive up to a few Gyrs after the merger. All images have a physical size of 300x300 kpc. The surface brightness ranges from 28.5 mag arcsec−2 (black) to 18 mag arcsec−2 (white). Noise is not added to these images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-tidal-parameter-th-as-function-of-time-elapsed-1fkxnsu3.png Fig. 4.— The tidal parameter θ as function of time elapsed after the merger. For each merger set-up and time step, the tidal parameter is calculated over 20 random projections. The colored dashed lines show its median values and the shaded area defines the lower and upper quartile. Colored dotted lines indicate exponential fits to the declining tidal parameter. a) parabolic encounters involving disk galaxies. Shown are a 1:4 merger with a pure disk satellite (red), a 1:4 merger with disk+bulge satellite (black), a 1:10 merger with a pure disk satellite (blue) and a 1:10 merger with a disk+bulge satellite (green). The strongest features (θ > 0.15) are visible for the most massive disks, and, in this example, last for about 1.5 Gyrs. b) dry mergers between elliptical galaxies on parabolic orbits with stellar mass ratios 1:1 (black), 1:4 (red) and 1:10 (magenta). Strong features are visible for only a very short time. c) encounters on eccentric orbits. Black, red and magenta curves denote elliptical-elliptical mergers as in b). In addition, a 1:10 merger with a disk galaxy is shown (blue). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-morphological-signatures-of-mergers-a-observed-image-27v3nk74.png Fig. 5.— Morphological signatures of mergers. a) observed image of an elliptical galaxy which shows red tidal tails at large galactocentric distances (van Dokkum 2005). b) a mock image of a simulated 1:4 merger between an elliptical galaxy and a disk+bulge system; the snapshot is taken 600 Myrs after the merger. c) a mock image of a simulated 1:10 merger between an elliptical galaxy and a disk; the snapshot is taken 500 Myrs after the merger. d) A mock image of a simulated 1:4 merger between elliptical galaxies, 380 Myrs after the merger. There is a striking difference between the tidal features originating in mergers between ellipticals and those involving a disk-dominated companion, independent of the mass ratio and orbit characteristics. While all mergers can lead to shells and diffuse features, only the mergers involving disks show strong tidal arms and loops, similar to the observed features around bright ellipticals (see a)). Panel a) has a size of 2.′5×2.′5, corresponding to a physical extension of about 280×280 kpc for an object at redshift z ∼ 0.1. The mock images b)-d) have a physical dimension of 300×300 kpc, and have been generated with resolution and noise properties so as to match the observational data used for the comparison (van Dokkum 2005). The bright internal regions of the images are saturated, in order to increase the contrast on the tidal features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-relative-number-densities-of-disk-and-early-type-2nppscq2.png Fig. 10.— (Relative) number densities of disk and early-type galaxies. a) stellar mass functions of early-type (red dashed line) and disk (blue solid line) galaxies in the local universe (Driver et al. 2006). The vertical, black dot-dashed line corresponds to galaxies of 2.7 × 1011 solar masses. The inset shows the ratio of the two stellar mass functions and indicates its value for a 4 times (magenta dashed line) and 10 times (green dot-dashed) less massive satellite galaxy. The ratio lies in the range of unity for the considered masses and increases with decreasing stellar mass. b) relative number density fn(R) of disk-vs-early-type galaxies for a given mass ratio R after integrating over all masses of the elliptical host galaxy (black solid line). Mass ratios of 1:4 and 1:10 are indicated by the green dot-dashed and the magenta dashed lines. The respective values of the average relative number density are 2.0 and 3.0, respectively. Under the assumption that the merger probabilities are proportional to the number densities, a typical 1:4 or 1:10 merger with an elliptical galaxy will involve much more likely a disk than another early-type system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-scaling-properties-of-our-merger-remnants-blue-20m466eb.png Fig. 1.— The scaling properties of our merger remnants. Blue circles show the properties of observed massive elliptical galaxies (Bender et al. 1992). The position of our massive elliptical galaxy model is indicated with the green diamond. Other symbols denote our simulated merger remnants. The mass ratio (1:1, 1:4, 1:10), the type of the satellite progenitor (elliptical (E), disk+bulge (d/b) or pure disk (disk)) and whether the orbit is parabolic (p) or eccentric (e) is indicated for each remnant. a) our massive elliptical host galaxy and its remnants obey roughly the typical mass-radius relation of massive elliptical galaxies (Bender et al. 1992). b-d) the merger remnants lie well within the Fundamental plane defined by the κ parameters (Bender et al. 1992) κ1, κ2 and κ3. They span an orthogonal coordinate system in the 3-space of the logarithm of the central velocity dispersion, the logarithm of the effective radius and the mean surface brightness within the effective radius. κ1, κ2 and κ3 are approximatively proportional to the logarithm of the stellar mass, the mean surface brightness and the logarithm of the stellar mass-to-light ratio, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-color-magnitude-selection-of-luminous-red-galaxies-the-2ox8h5l7.png Fig. 9.— Color-magnitude selection of luminous red galaxies. The selection window of van Dokkum (2005) is indicated by dotted lines. The dashed black curve corresponds to a 3L* galaxy (Blanton et al. 2001). The solid lines show the expected colors and magnitudes as function of time (0.1 Gyr to 9 Gyr) and for different redshifts (from 0.04 to 0.2) of an old stellar population of mass 2.7 × 1011 M after merging with a ten times less massive disk. This disk shall contain 10% of their mass in form of gas and we assume that about 70% of the available gas in the disk is consumed in an exponentially declining starbursting phase. We use an e-folding time of 0.1 Gyrs and an initial star formation rate of 20 M /yr to parametrize the starburst (Kazantzidis et al. 2005). We find that 300 Myrs after the begin of the starburst the colors of the merger remnant are red enough to fall into the selection window of van Dokkum (2005). The elliptical galaxy is modelled with a 9 Gyr old single stellar population with red horizontal branch morphology (Maraston 2005). Both the old population and the starbursting population are assumed to have Salpeter initial mass functions and solar metallicity. All spectral energy distributions are derived from synthetic models (Maraston 2005). Magnitudes and Colors are calculated with ZEBRA (Feldmann et al. 2006) and normalized to Vega. Filter bands correspond to the Johnson-Cousins system. https://scispace.com/papers/tidally-induced-brown-dwarf-and-planet-formation-in-4xqlxfe2va 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-snapshots-of-a-forming-binary-around-about-8000-years-s5jmto1i.png FIG. 3.— Snapshots of a forming binary around about 8000 years after the fly-by in model X002 (see also Figure 2). The components of theremaining VLMS pair have masses of 0.08M⊙ and 0.09M⊙, subsequently accreting another 0.01M⊙ each. The escaping third body has 0.05M⊙ and is eventually ejected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-outcome-of-individual-calculations-34p3js0j.png TABLE 2 OUTCOME OF INDIVIDUAL CALCULATIONS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mass-distribution-of-the-bodies-created-in-the-100-000-3lt2vgqf.png FIG. 5.— Mass distribution of the bodies created in the 100 000 particle models (top frame), the 250 000 particle models (middle frame), and both combined (bottom frame). The majority of companions is found in the mass interval between 0.08 and 0.16M⊙ while most of the rest is in the substellar regime. The substellar mass function corresponds to a power law index of α = +0.1+0.3−1.5 for the 100k models,α = +0.1 +0.3 −0.6 for the 250k models, andα = −0.1+0.3−0.4 for both combined (see text for further explanations). The dark and light grey-shaded regions refer to the 1 and 2σ confidence limits of the fit while the errorbars correspond to the 1σ Poisson errors. The vertical dotted line marks the hydrogen-burning mass limit of 0.075M⊙ (Chabrier & Baraffe 2000). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-snapshot-of-a-circumstellar-disc-modelled-with-6pikogp3.png FIG. 2.— Snapshot of a circumstellar disc modelled with 250,000SPH particles, around a Sun-type star being perturbed by a close star-star encounter (model X002, Table 1). The time stamp in each frame refers to the time of the encounter. https://scispace.com/papers/tillage-impact-on-soil-erosion-by-water-discrepancies-due-to-16aj8ophqx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-percentage-change-in-runoff-coefficient-a-and-sediment-ghkk28rq.png Fig. 4. Percentage change in runoff coefficient (A) and sediment concentration (B) in no-tillage (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT) as influenced by soil surface mulching, duration since abandonment of tillage and crop type and rotation. Negative values indicate that NT treatment had lower mean water SC compared to CT. Error bars are mean and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Numbers correspond to the number of data points and of studies (in brackets). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-percentage-change-in-runoff-coefficient-a-and-sediment-1vzd8ieg.png Fig. 3. Percentage change in runoff coefficient (A) and sediment concentration (B) in no-tillage (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT) as influenced by soil texture, soil bulk density and soil organic carbon content (SOCC). Negative values indicate that NT treatment had lower mean water SC compared to CT. Error bars are mean and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Numbers correspond to the number of data points and of studies (in brackets). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-world-map-showing-the-research-sit-3r9nag1c.png Fig. 1. The world map showing the research sit https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-principal-component-analysis-pca-scattergrams-of-df6txwpt.png Fig. 5. Principal component analysis (PCA) scattergrams of environmental factors (active variables: DUR: duration since tillage abandonment; ALT: altitude above sea level; SOC: top-oil organic carbon content; Clay: top-soil clay content; BD: top-soil bulk density; MAT: mean annual temperature; MAP: mean annual precipitations; S: mean slope gradient) showing differences in RC, SC, SL and RC, SC and SL between NT and CT as supplementary variables (black circles). Negative D% values indicate that NT treatment had lower mean compared to CT. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-descriptive-statistics-for-environmental-3kwl5nm6.png Table 1 Summary descriptive statistics for environmental factors (Long; longitude: Z; latitude: A bulk density: S; slope: soil particle distribution (clay, silt and sand) and SOCc; soil orga https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-categorical-variables-used-to-describe-physical-and-11lgcg3l.png Table 2 Categorical variables used to describe physical and management conditions at experimental sites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-percentage-change-in-runoff-coefficient-a-and-sediment-2fmgyd7p.png Fig. 2. Percentage change in runoff coefficient (A) and sediment concentration (B) in no-tillage (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT) as influenced by climate (Temperate maritime: TM; Temperate continental: TC; Subtropical: STR; Tropical: TR), Altitude; meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.), Mean annual precipitation (MAP), Mean annual temperature (MAT), plot slope gradient and plot slope length. Negative values indicate that NT treatment had lower mean water sediment concentration (SC) compared to CT. Error bars are mean and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Numbers correspond to the number of data points and of studies (in parenthesis). https://scispace.com/papers/time-and-space-resolved-dynamics-of-ablation-and-optical-25sb51mmk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-surface-reflectivity-images-at-400-nm-of-a-inp-surface-3nwnf8g1.png FIG. 1. Surface reflectivity images at 400 nm of a InP surface at different times after the exposure to the pump laser pulse for three different peak fluences in the ablative regime a 0.44, b 0.66, and c 2.56 J /cm2. The image sequence is encoded in a common linear gray scale with an optimized contrast. The black dotted line in a indicates the border of the molten/ amorphized area region A , whereas the white dashed lines in a and c indicate the border of the ablation crater region B . The white dash-dotted line in c marks the extent of the second ablation regime observed in region C. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-sfm-topography-a-60-60-m2-and-optical-1pbrsabm.png FIG. 4. Color online SFM-topography a 60 60 m2 and optical micrograph b 70 70 m2 of a crater in InP ablated by a single fs laser pulse 0=2.4 J /cm2, 800 nm, 130 fs . c Cross-sectional profile along the horizontal dashed line in a . Additionally, the laser fluence profile is depicted d along with horizontal lines indicating the thresholds of melting, ablation, and optical breakdown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-optical-constants-complex-refractive-index-n-ik-at-1m4xbk75.png TABLE I. Optical constants complex refractive index n+ ik at 400 nm wavelength used for the thin film optical calculations. Since appropriate optical constants are not available for -InP, they have been approximated by those of -GaAs Ref. 27 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-normalized-surface-reflectivity-at-400-nm-75hvffru.png FIG. 3. Color online Normalized surface reflectivity at 400 nm obtained by thin film optical calculations for a a molten layer, or b an amorphous layer located on a crystalline InP substrate as a function of the layer thickness. In both cases the calculation corresponds to normal incidence radiation of the probe beam. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-normalized-surface-reflectivity-change-r-1z78c2l7.png FIG. 2. Color online Normalized surface reflectivity change R /R at 400 nm as a function of delay time as measured at the locations A, B, and C local fluences of 0.25, 1.35, and 2.56 J /cm2, respectively marked in the inset. Note the logarithmic time axis. The true zero delay is marked by an arrow. The final reflectivity change t= is indicated close to the right-hand vertical axis. The lines are a guide to the eye. https://scispace.com/papers/time-delayed-feedback-control-method-and-unstable-46ikbrh6o7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-stabilizing-an-upo-of-the-lorenz-system-a-six-1b4sjets.png Figure 3: Stabilizing an UPO of the Lorenz system. (a) Six largest Reλ vs. K. The boundaries of the stability domain are K1 ≈ 2.54 and K2 ≈ 12.3. The inset shows the (x, y) projection of the UPO. (b) and (c) shows the dynamics of y(t) and Fu(t) obtained from Eqs. (13,7–9). The parameters are: λ0c = 0.1, λ ∞ c = −2, R = 0.7, K = 3.5, ε = 3, λr = 10. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stabilizing-an-unstable-fixed-point-with-an-pkn7036g.png Figure 4: Stabilizing an unstable fixed point with an unstable controller in a simple model of Eqs. (18) for λs = 1 and λc = 0.1. (a) Root loci of the characteristic equation as k varies from 0 to ∞. The crosses and solid dot denote the location of roots at k = 0 and k → ∞, respectively. (b) Reλ vs. k. k0 = λ s + λc, k1,2 = λ s + λc ∓ 2 √ λsλc. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-performance-of-a-b-discrete-and-c-continuous-edfc-dm6p75n2.png Figure 1: Performance of (a,b) discrete and (c) continuous EDFC for R > 1. (a) Root loci of Eq. (3) at µs = 3, R = 1.6 as K varies from 0 to ∞. (b) Stability domain of Eqs. (1,2) in the (K, R) plane; Kmx = (µs +1) 2/(µs−1), Rmx = (µs + 3)/(µs − 1). (c) Root loci of Eq. (6) at λs = 1, R = 1.6. The crosses and circles denote the location of roots at K = 0 and K →∞, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-analysis-of-the-electrochemical-model-1elbphoy.png Figure 5: Results of analysis of the electrochemical model for R = 50, Ch = 1600, a = 0.3, b = 6× 10−5, c = 10−3, Γ = 0.01. (a) Steady solutions e? vs. V0 of the free (δV = 0) system. Solid, broken, and dotted curves correspond to a stable node, a saddle, and an unstable focus, respectively. (b) and (c) Eigenvalues of the closed loop system as functions of control gain k at V0 = 63.888 for the saddle (e?, Θ?) = (0, 0.0166) controlled by an unstable controller (λc = 0.01) and for the unstable focus (e?, Θ?) = (−1.7074, 0.4521) controlled by a stable controller (λc = −0.01), respectively. (d) Stability domain in (k, V0) plane for the saddle (crossed lines) at λc = 0.01 and for the focus (inclined lines) at λc = −0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-root-loci-of-eq-11-at-ls-2-l0c-0-1-l-c-0-5-r-0-5-2nhu5xtd.png Figure 2: Root loci of Eq. (11) at λs = 2, λ0c = 0.1, λ∞c = −0.5, R = 0.5. The insets (a) and (b) show Reλ vs. K and the Nyquist plot, respectively. The boundaries of the stability domain are K1 ≈ 1.95 and K2 ≈ 11.6. https://scispace.com/papers/time-contracts-and-temporal-precision-declines-when-the-mind-acsv20vvu4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-bisection-task-performance-parameters-a-yx00pgxa.png Figure 2. Temporal bisection task performance parameters. (a) Proportion of long responses [p(long)] as a function of comparison interval and attentional state. (b) Excluded participants (due to poor model fit). (c) BP (bisection point) in attentional states (the solid line represents the objective BP; values larger than 500ms reflect underestimation of comparison intervals); ∆BP (MW-TF) (the solid line represents the null hypothesis of no difference); Bootstrap resampling counts of the Mdn ∆BP (the dark gray area reflects the 95% confidence region of the distribution). (d) WF (Weber fraction) in attentional states. (e-g) Correlations between the proportion of trials with self-reported mind wandering and the ∆ in (e) WF, (f) d´, and (g) metacognitive sensitivity (meta-d´). Red markers reflect outliers (see Method). Reported values are uncorrected Spearman correlations on all data (black) and skipped Spearman correlations after the omission of outliers (gray). Bracketed values reflect bootstrap 95% CIs. Regression lines for all data (black) and data after outlier omission (gray) are included for reference. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-oddball-task-performance-parameters-a-proportion-of-wc9ipd79.png Figure 1. Oddball task performance parameters. (a) Proportion of long responses [p(long)] as a function of oddball interval and attentional state. (b) Participants excluded due to poor model fit. (c) PSE (point of subjective equality) in attentional states (the solid line represents the duration of the standards; values larger than 500ms reflect underestimation of oddball intervals); ∆PSE (MW-TF) (the solid line represents the null hypothesis of no difference); Bootstrap resampling counts of the Mdn ∆PSE (the dark gray area reflects the 95% confidence region of the distribution). (d) WF (Weber fraction) in attentional states. https://scispace.com/papers/time-dependent-closure-of-a-borehole-in-a-viscoplastic-rock-56fivaugn4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-deviatoric-overstress-and-limiting-deviatoric-3m2op313.png Figure 3: Deviatoric overstress and limiting deviatoric stress https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-case-1-gradually-converged-borehole-displacement-3cgrs7hk.png Figure 10: Case 1: Gradually converged borehole displacement and evolving thickness of the viscoplastic boundary. Dash – asymptotic solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-case-1-displacement-in-the-unit-plane-upper-dash-2l0dwx0o.png Figure 9: Case 1: Displacement in the unit plane. Upper dash – initial elastic solution; Lower dash – asymptotic plastic solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-viscoplastic-annulus-around-the-borehole-czsu87xe.png Figure 1: Viscoplastic annulus around the borehole https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-case-1-radial-stress-lower-part-and-tangential-29es085d.png Figure 8: Case 1: Radial stress (lower part) and tangential stress (upper part) in the unit plane. In each part: Upper dash – initial elastic solution; Lower dash – asymptotic plastic solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-time-duration-of-contact-asymptotic-solution-and-1lp5ya4y.png Figure 21: Time duration of contact, asymptotic solution, and the increment affected by initial borehole pressure, assuming σ̃0 = 8.33. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-20-time-duration-of-contact-asymptotic-solution-and-1ilq1mrm.png Figure 20: Time duration of contact, asymptotic solution, and the increment affected by in-situ stress, assuming p̃m = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-evolution-of-the-contact-pressure-build-up-at-the-31gaftjw.png Figure 16: Evolution of the contact pressure build-up at the borehole for the three simulations. https://scispace.com/papers/time-division-multiplexing-architecture-for-hybrid-filter-4xj5obkyu5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-discrete-time-model-for-the-analysis-part-of-hfb-3qzn66zd.png Fig. 4. The discrete-time model for the analysis part of HFB-based A/D converter. The only available signals are x0[n], x1[n], ..., and xM−1[n]. n′ and n represent the discrete-time indices associated with the sampling rates 1 T and 1 MT respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-the-ici-and-distortion-averages-for-the-seven-and-167c85e6.png TABLE I THE ICI AND DISTORTION AVERAGES FOR THE SEVEN- AND EIGHT-BRANCH TDM HFB STRUCTURES CONSIDERING L = 64 AND L = 128. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-output-resolution-of-the-classical-in-red-and-tdm-uvmnzxlp.png Fig. 9. The output resolution of the classical (in red) and TDM (in blue) HFB architectures versus the relative realization errors. A sinusoidal signal is the input. PF represents the PostFiltering process. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-classical-hfb-based-a-d-converter-3i9x5gn7.png Fig. 1. The classical HFB-based A/D converter. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-tdm-architecture-of-hfb-based-adc-the-outputs-s0-n-x8f1ees9.png Fig. 2. The TDM architecture of HFB-based ADC. The outputs ŝ0[n], ŝ1[n], ..., and ŝM−1[n] are the estimated TDM signals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-model-of-analysis-part-of-hfb-on-the-basis-of-tdm-2wivargf.png Fig. 5. Model of analysis part of HFB on the basis of TDM inputs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-distortion-and-ici-terms-of-fourth-tdm-component-s3-n-2a9eeym5.png Fig. 7. Distortion and ICI terms of fourth TDM component s3[n] in dB versus normalized frequency for an eight-branch HFB. The FIR synthesis filters include 64 coefficients. https://scispace.com/papers/time-money-and-history-5di0xx7blu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bell-labs-murray-hill-new-jersey-through-a-window-252es348.png Figure 1. Bell Labs, Murray Hill, New Jersey, through a window of the Acoustics Laboratory (1942). Gottscho-Schleisner Collection, Library of Congress, LC-G612-42356. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-geologist-employed-by-a-u-s-oil-company-with-his-1algvia8.png Figure 2. A geologist, employed by a U.S. oil company, with his “rod man,” looking for oil in the United States, circa 1944. Library of Congress, LC-USW4-029549. https://scispace.com/papers/time-relevant-stability-of-2d-systems-24wzy51t33 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-set-st1-see-formula-2-2cbw0m8n.png Fig. 1. A set St1 , see formula (2). https://scispace.com/papers/time-scales-of-mixing-in-an-imperforate-scleractinian-4j6we6dt9c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-in-the-electrical-network-model-of-the-auc9qvjg.png Table 1. Parameters in the electrical network model of the scleractinian coelenteron. 547 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-weighted-mean-s-e-results-of-the-time-constant-of-2q465fnc.png Table 2. Weighted mean (± S.E.) results of the time constant of mixing and higher frequency 555 oscillation analyses for all three colonies of M. cavernosa. 556 557 https://scispace.com/papers/time-temperature-profile-across-a-lumber-section-exposed-to-3upllpti7w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-time-temperature-profile-across-a-51-mm-x-102-mm-2-3gv0k5kb.png Figure 5. Time-temperature profile across a 51 mm × 102 mm (2 in × 4 in) lumber section exposed to a constant temperature of 300°C (572°F). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-contributions-of-different-terms-in-the-prediction-1mz6uwnd.png Figure 6. Contributions of different terms in the prediction of center temperature of a 51 mm × 102 mm (2 in × 4 in) lumber section exposed to a constant temperature of 300°C (572°F). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-comparison-of-the-observed-and-predicted-center-2n73kq7u.png Figure 7. A comparison of the observed and predicted center temperature profile of a 51 mm × 102 mm (2 in × 4 in) lumber section exposed to a constant temperature of 100°C (212°F). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-rectangular-section-exposed-to-a-constant-2gwsn02e.png Figure 1. A rectangular section exposed to a constant temperature. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-comparison-of-the-observed-and-predicted-center-3dxtnk5c.png Figure 8. A comparison of the observed and predicted center temperature profile of a 51 mm × 102 mm (2 in × 4 in) lumber section exposed to a constant temperature of 200°C (392°F). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-comparison-of-the-observed-and-predicted-center-1oesoq3s.png Figure 9. A comparison of the observed and predicted center temperature profile of a 51 mm × 102 mm (2 in × 4 in) lumber section exposed to a constant temperature of 300°C (572°F). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-values-of-different-kinetic-and-thermal-constants-1euvc0mp.png Table 1. Values of different kinetic and thermal constants used in the model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-a-comparison-of-the-observed-and-predicted-center-1mb9gu39.png Figure 10. A comparison of the observed and predicted center temperature profile of a 51 mm × 102 mm (2 in × 4 in) lumber section exposed to a simulated plenum temperature of protected assemblies. https://scispace.com/papers/time-varying-impacts-of-different-management-regimes-on-4zvn4ejowt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-study-area-and-ditch-networks-20n3yigu.png Fig. 1. Study area and ditch networks. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-seasonal-variation-in-ditch-vegetation-covers-from-may-stniy059.png Fig. 5. Seasonal variation in ditch vegetation covers from May 2011 to May 2012 for each ditch management regime. The living vegetation cover corresponds to the sum of the grass cover and shrub cover (for this reason, the cover can be greater than 100%). The horizontal lines within the boxes represent the median values, the boxes represent the interquartile range, and the whiskers indicate the range of the data dispersion (no more than 1.5 times the interquartile range from the nearest box edge on either side). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-illustration-of-the-effects-of-each-type-of-management-39vrddb0.png Fig. 4. Illustration of the effects of each type of management operation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-probability-of-occurrence-of-each-management-regime-n3ohm8mr.png Fig. 3. Probability of occurrence of each management regime for a given year and the percentage of corresponding observations from May 2011 to May 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-the-vegetation-cover-in-a-ditch-the-dead-1qcdoyxp.png Fig. 2. Example of the vegetation cover in a ditch. The dead and living vegetation cover at the bottom of the ditch and along the ditch banks was visually estimated at different times of the year. https://scispace.com/papers/timed-up-and-go-tests-in-cardiac-rehabilitation-reliability-55tq060cx4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-values-for-6mwd-and-for-tugt-times-and-3j78c5qn.png Table 2: Average values for 6MWD and for TUGT times and clinical observations (SD) made immediately following TUGTs at startCR, post-CR, and at 6 mo-post-CR for all subjects. Comparisons, except those indicated, were not significant. Outcomes for TUGT and 6MWD effect size and absolute differences are noted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-data-for-study-participants-n-61-3attop6v.png Table 1: Baseline data for study participants (N= 61) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-number-and-percentage-of-subjects-experiencing-21rt0tgg.png Table 3: Number and percentage of subjects experiencing adverse symptoms following the 6MWT and the TUGT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-speed-calculated-from-averaged-6mwds-bm4el240.png Figure 1: Comparison of speed calculated from averaged 6MWDs and averaged TUGTTs across all times https://scispace.com/papers/timekeeping-with-electron-spin-states-in-diamond-42dlxrgj8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-temperature-stabilization-using-two-ezk1mdnq.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Temperature stabilization using two clocks. (a) The two diamond clocks have differing dDgs/dθ since they are clamped to substrates with different thermal expansion coefficients, η1,2 and different Young’s moduli, E1,2. (b) Schematic illustration of a synchronized composite clock setup. (c) Alternatively, using strain engineering, a single clamp may be designed to fully cancel the temperature dependence of the NV ZFS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-nitrogen-vacancy-center-energy-levels-and-2muwepks.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Nitrogen-vacancy-center energy levels and resonant response. (a) The lowest lying triplet (3E, 3A) and singlet (1E, 1A) orbital states of the NV− center. I , γ , κ , and λ represent the absorption, PL, intersystem crossing, and deshelving rates, respectively. Sublevels 0 and 2 are Sz eigenstates |0〉, whereas 1 and 3 are |±1〉, with the degeneracy lifted by small crystal strain or applied magnetic field. The model is simplified by approximating both singlet states as a single metastable level. (b) The steady-state fluorescence emission of the NV center under continuous optical and microwave irradiation, detuned from resonance by . The PL response function, as derived from a master equation approach, is approximated by a Lorentzian: F ( ) = I0(1 − C δν2( /π )2+δν2 ), where C is the modulation depth and δν is the FWHM [18]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-simulateddgs-variation-with-temperature-3detn9fa.png FIG. 6. (Color online) SimulatedDgs variation with temperature for tungsten (green) and brass (blue) clamps. (b) Spatial frequency variation as a function of position within the diamond disk. (c) Clamp and diamond geometry. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-allan-deviation-for-atomic-and-solidstate-qo05o2i8.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Allan deviation for atomic and solidstate standards. Note that in moving from a CW scheme with a single NV center to an ensemble of centers with pulsed excitation and detection, we gain almost six decades of improvement. Cited deviations are as follows: Al-ion clock [2,5]; Sr lattice clock [4]; thorium clock (theoretical) [35]; Cs chip clock [7]; TXCO and commercial Rb figures available from Stanford Research Systems (www.thinksrs.com); surface acoustic wave (SAW) oscillator is quote from Epson Toyocom Corporation EG-4101/4121CA datasheet. Pulsed echo NV samples are assumed to have 0.01 ppb NV center concentrations for a 1 mm3-sized sample. Note the difference of roughly three orders of magnitude achieved by synchronizing the temperature compared to the uncompensated thermal drift. The ideal echo scheme assumes no temperature dependence, with sensitivity limited by the spin lifetime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-spin-1-ground-state-0-state-is-3euibzpc.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The spin-1 ground state |0〉 state is prepared by optical pumping. 45◦ rotations ensure that the Sz term evolution averages within the echo sequence, while the S2z does not, as illustrated in the Euler projections of the state (inset). These projections are to show the equipotential surface plots, E(κ,ϕ) the density matrix element |0〉〈0| for each point of the sequence after undergoing rotations κ and ϕ about the Sy and Sz axes, respectively: E = 〈0|R†ρR|0〉, R = eiϕSy eiκSz and provide a visual representation of the coherences between states, akin to the Bloch sphere for two-level systems [19]. Note that the Sz term is completely refocused by the echo sequence, while the S2z operator evolves, resulting in a different magnitude between the first and sixth states. A transient fluorescence (TF) measurement records the photocurrent for∼300 ns timed with a pulse of green light. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-schematic-of-the-diamond-frequency-2dj68j6t.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Schematic of the diamond frequency standard. A thin (100 μm) diamond chip is surrounded by dielectric stacks (Bragg reflectors) on both sides to create a resonant cavity for 532 nm excitation in order to reduce the power requirements. On-chip 532 nm excitation comes from a doubled 1064 nm surface emitting laser (not shown). Silicon photodetectors underneath the diamond serves to collect emission. It may also be advantageous to collect emission from the near side of the device [22]. Microwaves, which address the NV magnetic sublevels, are applied to the entire sample by a planar stripline. https://scispace.com/papers/timescales-for-non-inductive-current-buildup-in-low-aspect-56826wibug 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-profiles-of-a-current-drive-source-in-flux-724blya7.png Figure 11: Profiles of (a) current drive source in flux evolution equation, (b) current drive source multiplied by plasma resistivity, and (c) current drive source in current evolution equation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-d-poloidal-beta-and-internal-inductance-e-safety-37qg8eyb.png Figure 3: (d) poloidal beta and internal inductance, (e) safety factor, and (f) toroidal beta based on vacuum field and Troyon coefficient. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plasma-pressure-vs-major-radius-on-midplane-for-the-38qo1zs5.png Figure 4: Plasma pressure vs. major radius on midplane for the highbootstrap non-inductive current buildup. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dependence-of-plasma-current-buildup-time-on-cd-2doawgwv.png Figure 8: Dependence of plasma current buildup time on CD source turnon time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-time-history-of-plasma-current-and-internal-3gi8ran3.png Figure 7: Time history of plasma current and internal inductance for a current rampup in time 0.1 t0 for (a) inductive current rampup, (b ) noninductive current drive with 50% bootstrap current, and (c) non-inductive current drive with 90% bootstrap current. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-basic-geometry-is-shown-r-ph-z-form-a-standard-22sp8yo4.png Figure 1: Basic geometry is shown. (R,ϕ,Z) form a standard cylindrical coordinate system. An OH coil, if present, has radius ROH and height d. The poloidal angle about the magnetic axis is θ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-non-inductive-current-rampup-experiments-26bwa4qr.png Table II: Summary of non-inductive current rampup experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-poloidal-magnet-flux-as-a-function-of-major-radius-11vbko6c.png Figure 2: Poloidal magnet flux as a function of major radius for several times during plasma current buildup for (a) inductive buildup and (b) noninductive buildup. Open triangles correspond to the magnetic axis and solid dots to the plasma boundary, or limiter. https://scispace.com/papers/timing-of-cgm-initiation-in-pediatric-diabetes-the-cgm-time-4tl7jop0mb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-association-between-cgm-adherence-expressed-in-hours-3v5e2zzp.png TABLE 3 Association between CGM adherence (expressed in hours per 28 days), randomization group, study site and parameters in mixed effects model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-association-between-timing-of-cgm-initiation-1acll1yb.png TABLE 2 Association between timing of CGM initiation relative to pump start and CGM adherence (expressed in hours per 28 days) over next 6 months https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-demographics-of-the-study-population-35z85qap.png TABLE 1 Baseline Demographics of the Study Population https://scispace.com/papers/timing-of-the-arabia-eurasia-continental-collision-evidence-2e40aao0ey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2s3lbuv1.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1bu43rdt.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/papers/tio2-photocatalysis-for-the-degradation-of-pollutants-in-gas-2zxb20k0i1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-dimensionless-ratio-of-several-material-and-1vpnfqhv.png Table 2. Dimensionless ratio of several material and catalytic properties of PC500 and P25 for the gas phase PCO of acetaldehyde.a https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-examples-of-pollutants-degraded-by-pco-on-2163uc4j.png Table 1. Selected examples of pollutants degraded by PCO on TiO2-based photocatalysts in gaseous environment https://scispace.com/papers/tip-surface-forces-amplitude-and-energy-dissipation-in-3mpxunrkd8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-amplitude-curve-for-a-stiff-and-elastic-material-2svax4zv.png FIG. 3. ~a! Amplitude curve for a stiff and elastic material. Soli line is the numerical simulation while the symbols have been tained by Eq.~15!. ~b! Tip-sample contact time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-amplitude-curve-for-a-compliant-and-elastic-materia-3305chd4.png FIG. 2. ~a! Amplitude curve for a compliant and elastic materia The solid line represents the numerical simulation while the sy bols correspond to the different analytical expressions.~b! Numerical determination of̂Fts•z&. ~c! Tip-sample contact time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-amplitude-curve-for-a-compliant-and-viscoelast-1ymwdyg2.png FIG. 1. ~a! Amplitude curve for a compliant and viscoelast material. The solid line represents the numerical simulation wh the symbols correspond to the different analytical expressions~b! Numerical determination of̂Fts•z&. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-reduced-amplitude-versus-reduced-tip-surface-sep-tion-3l76e190.png FIG. 4. Reduced amplitude versus reduced tip-surface sep tion for a tip oscillating without tip-surface mechanical contact. https://scispace.com/papers/to-code-or-not-to-code-lossy-source-channel-communication-3n7vuvdmrb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-single-source-gaussian-broadcast-using-uncoded-28brea3g.png Fig. 4. Single-source Gaussian broadcast using uncoded transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-whenr-c-is-not-sufficient-to-guarantee-optimality-u822bvly.png Fig. 3.WhenR( ) = C( ) is not sufficient to guarantee optimality. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-distortion-achievable-by-uncoded-transmission-24aj35ax.png Fig. 5. The distortion achievable by uncoded transmission (circle) versus the distortion region achievable by a transmission scheme based on the separation https://scispace.com/papers/togliatti-systems-and-galois-coverings-1wrekkc0t7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hesse-configuration-v0qr5a1p.png Figure 1. Hesse configuration https://scispace.com/papers/to-work-for-yourself-for-others-or-not-at-all-how-disability-4nmlioy25c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-sample-in-pre-policy-period-1995-3gqysnp3.png Table 2: Characteristics of Sample in Pre-Policy Period (1995-2001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-average-monthly-benefit-for-vietnam-era-dc-1ask6jb9.png Figure 4: Average Monthly Benefit for Vietnam Era DC Recipients, 1999-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-types-of-self-employment-for-bog-vs-nog-veterans-3m8ehzwb.png Table 6: Types of Self Employment for BOG vs. NOG Veterans, 1995-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-labor-force-participation-for-males-born-1944-1953-35p49vrg.png Figure 6: Labor Force Participation for Males Born 1944 - 1953, by Veteran Status, 1995-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-vadc-compensation-recipients-by-age-fy-2015-25f9txp9.png Figure 5: VADC Compensation Recipients by Age, FY 2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-veterans-by-year-of-birth-30z562j4.png Table 1: Distribution of Veterans by Year of Birth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-growth-in-vietnam-era-dc-recipients-1986-2015-obvr2l8o.png Figure 1: Growth in Vietnam Era DC Recipients, 1986-2015 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-type-of-employment-for-bog-vs-nog-veterans-1995-2015-2d0r74j3.png Table 5: Type of Employment for BOG vs. NOG Veterans, 1995-2015 https://scispace.com/papers/tobacco-smoking-and-associated-factors-among-in-school-2vrs9fgizg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-participants-characteristics-405-2fndhoos.png Table 2: Participants’ characteristics 405 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-smoking-prevalence-and-trend-from-2013-to-2019-409-2olg6vyx.png Table 3: Smoking prevalence and trend from 2013 to 2019 409 410 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-factors-related-to-traditional-tobacco-smoking-among-3tb7rore.png Table 4: Factors related to traditional tobacco smoking among students aged 13–17 in 412 Vietnam 413 414 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-definitions-of-dependent-and-independent-variables-2uuqdeuy.png Table 1: Definitions of dependent and independent variables analysed 402 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-factors-related-to-e-cigarettes-smoking-among-14euqmjr.png Table 5: Factors related to e-cigarettes smoking among students aged 13–17 in Vietnam 417 418 https://scispace.com/papers/tonnies-concept-of-public-opinion-and-its-utility-for-the-2q19cnxk0n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-conceptualising-the-public-2sv4us73.png Table 4: Conceptualising the Public https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tonnies-forms-of-social-will-as-ideal-types-of-jjk12t4n.png Table 1: Tönnies’ Forms of Social Will as Ideal Types of Social Organisation https://scispace.com/papers/too-big-to-ignore-hedge-fund-flows-and-bond-yields-4d0hg25zow 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-on-the-run-off-the-run-bond-spread-2w2qiyb9.png Table 9: On-the-run/ Off-the-run Bond Spread https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-economic-impact-of-fund-flows-on-bond-yields-2g5np28w.png Table 8: Economic Impact of Fund Flows on Bond Yields https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dollar-fund-flow-scaled-by-gdp-descriptive-39lx3fno.png Table 3: Dollar Fund Flow (Scaled by GDP): Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-tips-treasury-spread-2viluzp4.png Table 11: TIPS–Treasury Spread https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-fixed-income-spreads-descriptive-statistics-e8nsso8l.png Table 4: Fixed Income Spreads: Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-data-descriptive-statistics-2ubfpvbf.png Table 1: Data Descriptive Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-aum-of-the-aum-sorted-portfolios-2981s1z2.png Figure 1: Total AuM of the AuM-Sorted Portfolios https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-constant-maturity-swap-spread-92wld08x.png Table 10: Constant Maturity – Swap Spread https://scispace.com/papers/too-far-away-to-work-with-each-other-does-location-impact-on-dqiulojq71 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-comparison-of-the-frequency-of-interaction-between-3ejhd2b1.png Table 1. A comparison of the frequency of interaction between pharmacists and other HCPs depending on whether the pharmacy is attached or unattached to the GP surgery. (Percentages greater than 5% rounded to nearest full integer) https://scispace.com/papers/top-100-research-questions-for-biodiversity-conservation-in-4a4fpnp5wo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-images-illustrating-four-biodiversity-loss-drivers-15i52g4m.png Fig. 1. Images illustrating four biodiversity-loss drivers identified as key priority research themes. 435 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-225-one-hundred-priority-research-questions-for-3h40p02j.png Table 1 225 One hundred priority research questions for biodiversity conservation in SE Asia. Questions are 226 organised into 13 themes (italicised) and should be regarded as independent units – their order does 227 not reflect final ranking, but themes are ordered by respective numbers of questions. Merged 228 questions are in bold. 229 https://scispace.com/papers/topological-quantum-phase-transition-in-the-bec-bcs-141uj0xhhh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-two-types-of-the-adiabatic-deformations-1gmbzqz2.png FIG. 4. Color online Two types of the adiabatic deformations. One deformation is the decrease in the local bond a type i . The other is the decrease in the hopping connecting the deformed local bond being zero b type ii . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-critical-values-c-for-dimensions-d-1-2-and-3-2eyf57ds.png TABLE I. Critical values c for dimensions d=1, 2, and 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-dependence-of-det-dn-det-dn-0-in-the-complex-plane-rxwhgtxb.png FIG. 3. The dependence of det DN /det DN 0 in the complex plane for 8 8 square lattice case. a =0.5 and b =2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-lattice-structure-of-the-effective-2uw5pxd4.png FIG. 1. Color online Lattice structure of the effective meanfield system for the two-dimensional case. We introduce a twist on the bond defined in Eq. 2 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-energy-spectrum-of-hmf-for-the-two-dimensional-case-n-24c6n6r2.png FIG. 2. Energy spectrum of HMF for the two-dimensional case N=16 16 : a =0.5. BCS phase. b 1.250. The level cross occurs at ,E = ,0 . c =2. BEC phase. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-relation-between-the-s-wave-gap-and-the-1jossv3a.png FIG. 5. Color online Relation between the s-wave gap and the attractive interaction strength U in one dimension. In weakcoupling BCS regime, behaves 8 exp−2 / U , where the Berry phase is 0. In strong-coupling BEC regime, U /2−2 / U , where the Berry phase is . https://scispace.com/papers/top-k-query-evaluation-with-probabilistic-guarantees-3ar6mkh23f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-precision-of-probabilistic-predictors-for-tf-idf-3cf684sp.png Figure 7: Precision of probabilistic predictors for tf*idf, Uniform-, and Zipf-distributed scores https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-pseudocode-for-prob-sorted-family-of-algorithms-1wxz4gbk.png Fig. 2: Pseudocode for Prob-sorted family of algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-as-a-function-of-e-16m7t9s5.png Figure 6: Performance as a function of ε https://scispace.com/papers/topologically-guaranteed-enhancement-of-nonlinear-optical-15sdjst6kj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-equienergy-contour-at-e1-1-k-x-103-th-8-0-1fxyzuhv.png FIG. 4. (Color online) Equienergy contour at E1,−1( k) × 103/th = 8.0 (black), 5.73 (red), 2.0 (blue) with = 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-red-solid-line-third-order-conductivity-cbey6mqx.png FIG. 3. (Color online) Red solid line: Third-order conductivity with RSOC vs the coupling coefficient for the fixed terahertz frequency. Blue dashed line: The maximal energy of the incoming photon for the validity of the linear model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-the-dirac-cones-at-the-satellite-point-ka-2mduefqr.png FIG. 2. (Color online) The Dirac cones at the satellite point KA for different coupling strength = 0.2,0.15,0.1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-the-equienergy-contours-at-the-satellite-f7ea7h36.png FIG. 1. (Color online) The equienergy contours at the satellite points (KA,KB,KC) and original Dirac point K . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-third-order-conductivity-with-rsoc-vs-the-22mv2val.png FIG. 5. (Color online) Third-order conductivity with RSOC vs the coupling coefficient for Eq. (17) (red line) and Eq. (16) (blue line). https://scispace.com/papers/topology-optimization-of-3d-self-supporting-structures-for-3q7fi6svca 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-reference-and-am-restricted-compliant-gripper-251x06f5.png Figure 12: Reference and AM-restricted compliant gripper designs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-feasible-green-and-infeasible-facet-angles-red-of-n2wmdog8.png Figure 13: Feasible (green) and infeasible facet angles (red) of the gripper design of the xmin baseplate case, and a histogram of the facet angle distribution. Surfaces in contact with the baseplate are excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-beam-design-obtained-for-the-reference-case-without-1a45rcdp.png Figure 5: Beam design obtained for the reference case, without AM filter applied. The cutaway view reveals its internal structure. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-local-facet-angles-with-respect-to-the-ymin-1mcfjpf7.png Figure 10: Local facet angles with respect to the ymin baseplate of the ymin AM-optimized beam design. The surfaces in contact with the baseplate (shown in gray) are excluded. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-definition-of-3d-am-filter-the-blue-region-s-i-j-k-32g20b71.png Figure 1: Definition of 3D AM filter. The blue region S(i,j,k) denotes the supporting region of an element at position (i, j, k) in a mesh. When insufficient printed material is present in this region, the green element (i, j, k) cannot be printed. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-relative-first-eigenfrequency-values-higher-is-111xxg9y.png Table 4: Relative first eigenfrequency values (higher is better) and infeasible overhanging surface fractions in different printing orientations given by baseplate plane, of platform designs obtained for a particular orientation used in the optimization process. Bold numbers indicate a printing orientation matching the one used during optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-printable-volume-fractions-in-different-printing-135maoqe.png Table 3: Printable volume fractions in different printing orientations given by baseplate plane, of platform designs (vertical) obtained for different orientations used in the optimization process. Reference designs are those designed for and printed in corresponding orientations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-beam-problem-used-in-numerical-compliance-1gb2qlay.png Figure 2: Beam problem used in numerical compliance minimization tests. https://scispace.com/papers/topology-optimization-of-sound-absorbing-layer-for-the-mid-2pfekdg8k7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-coupled-vibro-acoustic-system-acoustic-domain-velocity-galeh0bv.png Fig. 1 Coupled vibro-acoustic system. �, acoustic domain; � , velocity boundary 14 surface; � , impedance boundary surface; ��, elastic thin-structural surface. 15 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-two-analysis-models-11-1matczwp.png Table 1 Details of two analysis models 11 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-iteration-histories-of-objective-function-and-volume-1frtohut.png Fig. 6 Iteration histories of objective function and volume fraction. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-optimized-design-under-eight-selected-excitation-1tpz75gb.png Fig. 9 Optimized design under eight selected excitation frequencies. The colorbar 5 shows relative density of the sound absorbing material. 6 7 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-optimized-design-obtained-using-an-envelope-function-26n34mux.png Fig. 11 Optimized design obtained using an envelope function as the objective 7 function. The colorbar shows relative density of the sound absorbing material. 8 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-curves-of-psdsp-at-the-reference-point-in-the-2szr66qv.png Fig. 10 Curves of PSDSP at the reference point in the frequency range of 300 Hz - 500 3 Hz for the initial and first five optimized designs. 4 5 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-curves-of-psdsp-at-the-reference-point-in-the-g0w2u1wc.png Fig. 8 Curves of PSDSP at the reference point in the frequency range of 300 Hz - 500 13 Hz for the initial and optimized designs. 14 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-psdsp-at-a-point-inside-the-acoustic-cavity-with-1th1qu5e.png Fig. 4 PSDSP at a point inside the acoustic cavity with coordinates (0.3, 0.6, 0.4). Fine 2 solid gray lines, computed using Monte Carlo approach for 500 realizations of 3 ensemble; bold solid red line, ensemble average of Monte Carlo results; bold dash blue 4 line, ensemble average computed using Hybrid BE-SEA method. 5 6 As the frequency increases, the system response becomes very sensitive to the 7 uncertainties of the system, and the resulting curves of 500 samples become dispersed. 8 The hybrid BE-SEA method predicts well the average trend of the pure FE method 9 https://scispace.com/papers/total-synthesis-of-vinigrol-569pv04p16 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-vinigrol-11wjl656.png Figure 1.1. Vinigrol https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-1-noe-correlations-of-3-18-1hi8bj29.png Figure 3.1. NOE Correlations of 3.18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1-od-imda-optimization-a-2dfprpex.png Table 3.1. OD/IMDA Optimization a https://scispace.com/papers/total-synthesis-structural-and-biological-evaluation-of-uz87nhsqun 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-h1-and-c13-nmr-data-of-peptides-5-7-in-dmso-d6-w3b4tgd0.png Table 4: H1 and C13 NMR data of Peptides 5-7 in DMSO d6. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nmr-data-of-stylissatin-a-1a-rotamer-1b-and-epimer-25127w3e.png Table 1: NMR data of stylissatin A (1a) rotamer (1b) and epimer (1c) in DMSO-d6 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-peptides-on-oxidative-burst-nitric-oxide-8u7esmog.png Table 5: Effect of peptides on oxidative burst, Nitric oxide (NO) and IL-2 production and T-cell proliferation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characterization-data-of-peptides-1-7-3h7eucxs.png Table 2. Characterization data of peptides 1-7 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-h1-and-c13-nmr-data-of-peptides-2-4-in-dmso-d6-3hw1jj4a.png Table 3: H1 and C13 NMR data of Peptides 2-4 in DMSO d6 https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-framework-for-seasonal-time-series-forecasting-wdnryzt2ah 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-of-the-learning-steps-3fa66w2k.png Fig. 2. Illustration of the learning steps. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-critical-diagram-comparison-of-the-average-ranks-of-n0qt9dwz.png Fig. 5. Critical diagram, comparison of the average ranks of the difference clustering algorithms (on the top) different classification algorithms (on the bottom) in terms of MSE (left) and MAE (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-between-modl-and-the-other-clustering-i6eh1684.png Fig. 4. Comparison between MODL and the other clustering algorithms (K-means, GAK and K-shape). The axis represents an error measure (either MSE or MAE) associated with the clustering algorithm of the axis labels. A point above the diagonal is in favour of the MODL approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-seasonal-time-series-example-borrowed-from-9-two-weeks-3m20869y.png Fig. 1. Seasonal time series example borrowed from [9]. Two weeks of the Internet traffic data (in bits) from a private ISP with centres in 11 European cities. The whole data corresponds to a transatlantic link and was collected from 06:57 on 7 June to 11:17 on 31 July 2005. The time series is obviously seasonal, but the assumption of having one unique periodic pattern seems not suitable in this case. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-illustration-of-the-forecasting-steps-1tqhm84t.png Fig. 3. Illustration of the forecasting steps. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-the-proposed-approach-with-other-6wp4b7b4.png Table 2. Comparison of the proposed approach with other prediction methods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-critical-diagram-of-the-comparison-between-different-1ppnkx7o.png Fig. 6. Critical diagram of the comparison between different prediction approaches. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-performances-of-all-the-possible-combination-of-20wfcqij.png Table 1. Performances of all the possible combination of clustering and classifiers algorithms for our chain, in terms of MSE and MAE. Bold Figures are best MSE/MAE. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-a-unified-model-of-motivation-for-training-transfer-a-4ka99oq48g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unified-model-of-motivation-for-training-transfer-212qo273.png Figure 1. Unified Model of Motivation for Training Transfer. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-better-representations-of-sound-with-cochlear-1cnr8n0q6y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-percent-correct-scores-for-recognition-of-the-2oa3ojio.png Figure 5.4: Percent correct scores for recognition of the Arizona Biomedical Institute (AzBio) sentences by users of unilateral cochlear implants (CIs). The sentences were presented in competition with noise at the speech-to-noise ratio of +10 dB. Scores are shown for conventional fittings of the CIs (pre) versus fittings in which electrodes were deactivated (post), for each of four subjects. The devices used by the subjects and the electrodes that were deactivated are indicated in the title lines for each panel. The subjects are identified by patient number, patients 1-4. (These data were kindly provided by René Gifford, Ph.D., of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, TN, USA, and are published in Wilson et al. (2015). The figure is reproduced from that publication with permission.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3-results-from-initial-comparisons-of-the-2950faka.png Figure 4.3: Results from initial comparisons of the compressed analog (CA) and continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) strategies for cochlear implants. Scores for subjects selected for their exceptionally high levels of speech reception performance with the CA strategy are shown with the green lines, and scores for subjects selected for their more typical levels of performance with that strategy are shown with the blue lines. The tests are identified in the text. (Figure is adapted from Wilson et al., 1991, with updates from Wilson et al., 1992. The template of the original figure is used here with the permission of the Nature Publishing Group.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-remaining-problems-with-unilateral-cochlear-3p54r327.png Table 4.4: Remaining problems with unilateral cochlear implants (CIs), bilateral CIs, and combined electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS) of the peripheral auditory system. Combined EAS can be achieved with the acoustic stimulus delivered to the same ear as the CI (ipsi), to the opposite ear (contra), or to both ears. Large dots indicate relatively large problems and the baseline of performance with unilateral CIs. Smaller dots indicate smaller problems. Reception of complex sounds refers to reception of sounds that are more complex than speech, e.g., most music. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-2-cumulative-number-of-implant-recipients-over-the-k9ta0iu0.png Figure 5.2: Cumulative number of implant recipients over the years. The dots represent published numbers. Industry records indicate that the number approximated 460,000 in June 2015. Major events in the development of the cochlear implant (CI) are also indicated in the figure. Abbreviations in the figure are: CIs for cochlear implants and EAS for combined electric and acoustic stimulation. Dr. House is Dr. William F. House, M.D., D.D.S., who contributed strongly to the development of the CI and performed his first implant operation in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in 1961. (This figure is the same as Figure 4.4, except that the present figure includes the milestones in the development of the CI and related treatments.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-c-2-the-series-of-speech-processors-projects-at-the-3kw4r2ll.png Table C.2. The Series of “Speech Processors” Projects at the Research Triangle Institute https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-5-percent-correct-scores-for-55-adult-users-of-the-4kpir8mb.png Figure 4.5: Percent correct scores for 55 adult users of the COMBI 40 cochlear implant and the continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) processing strategy. (Please see full caption on the next page.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-4-blake-wilson-presenting-the-duke-engineering-75th-8w3e30er.png Figure 1.4: Blake Wilson presenting the Duke Engineering 75th Anniversary Lecture. The Lecture was in the Baldwin Auditorium on March 5, 2015. A sign-language interpreter is shown to Blake’s right. (The photo is from the DukeMed Alumni News magazine and is reproduced here with permission.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-the-payoff-what-the-intervention-and-associated-2uyr68o0.png Figure 3.3: The payoff: what the intervention and associated technology can do for deaf and severely hearing-impaired persons. A user of a cochlear implant is conversing with the author. The joy in the exchange is obvious, and she clearly is not having any difficulty in understanding me even though she is not looking at my lip movements and the conversation included many different and unpredictable topics. The cochlear implant user is Lilo Baumgartner from Vienna, Austria; the photo was taken at an outside location near our RTI laboratories in September 2003. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-detection-of-harmful-algae-blooms-by-in-situ-surface-3h51tfzjf7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-dna-sequences-aocsg8ds.png TABLE I. DNA SEQUENCES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-hybridization-kinetic-signals-for-different-lenghts-1comsq0d.png Figure 2. Hybridization kinetic signals for different lenghts of DNA targets ; injections were carried at a concentration of 1 µM diluted in running buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-sensor-sensitivity-for-pcr-product-hybridization-3q3am00l.png Figure 6. Sensor sensitivity for PCR product hybridization ; insert indicates an estimated LOD based on 3σ noise signal (2.25.10-2nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-schematic-representation-of-our-marine-spr-122kwiol.png Figure 7. Schematic representation of our marine SPR spectrometer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensor-sensitivity-for-amin100c-hybridization-wriv4mau.png Figure 4. Sensor sensitivity for Amin100c hybridization ; insert indicates an estimated LOD based on 3σ noise signal (2.25.10-2nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hybridization-signal-recorded-during-a-typical-pcr-w20gjnvo.png Figure 5. Hybridization signal recorded during a typical PCR assay followed by a sensor regeneration phase (0.3 M NaOH). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hybridization-kinetic-signals-for-amin100c-at-1tpkmfbv.png Figure 3. Hybridization kinetic signals for Amin100c at different concentrations ranging from 1 µM to 10 nM diluted in running buffer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-our-spr-spectrometer-1kr3azp3.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of our SPR spectrometer. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-image-based-localization-for-aibo-using-wavelet-4w7vz190a5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-input-images-used-for-fig-reffig-likelihoods-3w0lsq5p.png Fig. 4. Input images used for Fig. reffig:likelihoods. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-similarity-values-for-all-possible-poses-of-the-robot-1lm2kwdx.png Fig. 5. Similarity values for all possible poses of the robot in the field, given the input images of Fig. 4. Darker areas correspond to a higher similarity. The cross represents the ground-truth robot position. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-in-a-and-b-two-reference-images-both-taken-by-the-ers-2p5k5rtx.png Fig. 1. In (a) and (b) two reference images, both taken by the ERS-7 at the same reference position, but with opposite heading. In (c) their composed 360 deg. panoramic image, with depicted the horizontal-sliding window used for input image matching. The position of the window is related to the returned bearing angle. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-multilevel-2-d-wavelet-decomposition-39g7na9z.png Fig. 2. Multilevel 2-D Wavelet decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-is-an-input-image-b-is-the-references-image-with-the-2os1wiw7.png Fig. 3. (a) is an input image; (b) is the references image with the best match (100%); (c) is the second best match (61%)using the proposed DWT signature. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-joint-approximate-inference-of-visual-quantities-on-44b1b4chds 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulation-results-on-the-apron-simulator-a-25ms-of-3pufacfr.png Fig. 3: Simulation results on the APRON simulator. (a) 25ms of binned events produced by a DVS128 [4], the only input to our simulation. Red represents “+1” events and blue represents “-1” events. (b) The inferred spatial gradient. The vector angle is colorcoded by the hue. (c) The inferred optic-flow, again encoded by hue. (d) The inferred intensity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-the-system-being-modelled-by-the-interacting-visual-1o0scy7j.png Fig. 2: (a) The system being modelled by the interacting visual maps. (b) A representation of the interacting visual maps model we use [1]. The arrows indicate the flow of information. The links between I , G, F , and R are bi-directional. allowing these four quantities to converge to mutually optimally satisfy the relations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-required-hardware-resources-in-apron-to-implement-4xpjn3n0.png TABLE I: Required hardware resources in APRON to implement the interacting visual maps. “#ops” is the number of instructions used per relation. “#registers” is the total number of registers used per PE for the target quantity. “#add’l registers” is the number of registers used to store temporary results of computations, reused by all calculations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-view-showing-the-model-of-the-interacting-28kqoajo.png Fig. 1: Schematic view showing the model of the Interacting Visual Maps (IVM) as implemented on a general CPA architecture. In color we show how units in the model map to registers on processing elements (PEs) of the CPA. All the PEs’ same register (represented with the same color in the figure) define a data-plane. All the values of all the units (x, y) in a map of the model are stored in a data-plane at the corresponding (x, y) location. One PE holds in its registers the values of homologous units at position (x, y) in the different maps of the model. The NEWS (North, East, West, South) communication plane allows PEs to communicate with their neighbors and is essential for relations in the model that involve adjacent units. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-better-understanding-of-workload-dynamics-on-data-2y75tig5zd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plots-of-the-first-and-second-order-statistics-for-thtleb0g.png Figure 4. Plots of the first and second order statistics for atlas, LCG2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plots-of-the-first-and-second-order-statistics-for-307dsvii.png Figure 5. Plots of the first and second order statistics for LCG1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-plots-of-first-and-second-order-statistics-and-1qyhjtvq.png Figure 6. Plots of first and second order statistics and scaling analysis for hep1, RAL05. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-workload-traces-used-in-the-experimental-25wn040z.png Table 1. Summary of workload traces used in the experimental study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plots-of-first-and-second-order-statistics-for-the-zyo2e4ba.png Figure 1. Plots of first and second order statistics for the interarrival time process of lhcb, LCG1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-cc-for-run-time-against-3hj8si3q.png Table 2. Correlation coefficients (CC) for run time against memory of VOs on clusters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-plots-of-the-first-and-second-order-statistics-for-2yq410nb.png Figure 7. Plots of the first and second order statistics for run time and memory as well as crosscorrelations between them for lhcb, NIK05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plots-of-the-scaling-analysis-and-aggregation-1x3t3x0g.png Figure 2. Plots of the scaling analysis and aggregation procedure for lhcb, LCG1. https://scispace.com/papers/toward-the-design-of-a-wearable-system-for-fall-risk-pswuy7lgxv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-details-of-the-inertial-measurement-unit-3d-2meun03p.png Fig. 1. (A) Details of the Inertial Measurement Unit: 3D affixation of the rate-gyroscopes (GYROs) and accelerometers (ACCs). (B) Details on the complete system: The inertial measurement unit (IMU) of the communication unit after boxing. (C) Structure of the short message service (SMS). (Fall risk assessed by means of Neural-Networks [FR-NN]; fall risk assessed by means of Neural-Networks with the Mahalanobis Training [FR-NN-MA]; fall risk assessed by means of statistic clusterization [FR-SC]; code of patient [COD-Paz]). (D) Evolution of the fall risk index using the statistic clusterization algorithms in a volunteer. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-flexible-array-control-and-operation-framework-for-35k8w0tpqn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-acs-uses-a-container-component-model-it-1ayzbvom.png FIGURE 1. Left: ACS uses a container/component model. It provides important systems for array control like alarm system or logging service. Right: A thin OPC UA layer between ACS and hardware allows to contact different types of hardware with different connections without concrete knowledge of the connection. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-hierarchy-of-consumption-behaviour-in-the-circular-4tcbxbbgq2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-legalwarranty-in-the-eea-3nsa5889.png Table 1. THE LEGALWARRANTY IN THE EEA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-linear-economic-model61-1xgm4l66.png Figure 2. The linear economic model61 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-economic-the-human-and-the-biological-spheres10-377o8n1u.png Figure 4. The economic, the human and the biological spheres10 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-legal-research-styles-arthurs-1983-7b0jtvqi.png Figure 1. Legal research styles (Arthurs, 1983). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-doughnut-of-social-and-planetary-boundaries-jirovz06.png Figure 6. The Doughnut of social and planetary boundaries (Kate Raworth, 2017) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-payoff-matrix-for-technological-optimism-vs-3aciqu57.png Table 1. THE LEGALWARRANTY IN THE EEA https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-attempted-mapping-of-the-roles-of-consumers-in-the-2o36q6fe.png Table 1. THE LEGALWARRANTY IN THE EEA https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hierarchy-of-consumption-behaviour-in-the-circular-fs1uj0jp.png Figure 1. Legal research styles (Arthurs, 1983). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-more-accurate-shrinkage-modeling-of-lightweight-1p4acrf6ns 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparisons-of-the-measured-and-model-estimated-3d8fia3l.png Fig. 3. Comparisons of the measured and model-estimated shrinkage of (a) LWC and (b) ILWC for V/S = 6.08 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cement-properties-29-3jixe4ox.png Table 1 Cement Properties [29]. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-extrapolation-values-obtained-for-ec-and-eg-wjptmt1l.png Table 9 Extrapolation values obtained for EC and EG. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparisons-of-the-measured-and-calibrated-model-1mfzp9ky.png Fig. 6. Comparisons of the measured and calibrated model-estimated shrinkage of (a) LWC and (b) ILWC for V/S = 20 mm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mechanical-properties-2ubgszxp.png Table 4 Mechanical Properties. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-extrapolation-results-for-a-lwc-and-b-ilwc-2t1mi4l8.png Fig. 4. Extrapolation results for (a) LWC and (b) ILWC. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-model-calibration-correction-factors-mw09es36.png Table 10 Model calibration correction factors. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-properties-of-each-mix-for-shrinkage-prediction-2xz65ia9.png Table 6 Properties of each mix for shrinkage prediction models. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-a-sound-integrity-framework-instruments-processes-52ll7kqhb4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-main-actors-in-integrity-management-and-their-30gahgp5.png Table 4. The main actors in integrity management and their ideal impact (min. +, max: +++) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-procedural-steps-and-criteria-for-assessing-2cxlc0mm.png Figure 1. Procedural steps and criteria for assessing integrity and corruption prevention measures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-integrity-management-framework-three-pillars-and-two-2ez1f3wq.png Table 2. Integrity management framework: Three pillars and two layers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-a-classification-of-integrity-management-instruments-m7hwukcz.png Table 3. A classification of integrity management instruments https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-emotional-stress-test-a-reliable-non-subjective-5aspkfzdq0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-full-sample-reliability-of-measures-across-two-3c0piz79.png Table 2. Full sample reliability of measures across two testing sessions (N = 50). *p < 0.05. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-violin-plots-shaded-area-represents-a-histogram-a-3qzb8h9l.png Figure 1. Violin plots (shaded area represents a histogram) (a). Accuracy to “no go” stimuli across threat and safe conditions. There was a main effect of condition (p = 0.04). (b) Delta accuracy (inset across three sessions). (c) Reaction time to “go” stimuli across threat and safe conditions. There was a main effect of condition (p = 0.012). (d) Delta reaction time (inset across 3 sessions). (e) Anxiety rating across threat and safe conditions. There was a main effect of condition (p < 0.05). (f) Delta anxiety ratings (inset across three conditions). (g) Shock level across baseline and follow up (main effect of session p = 0.003; inset shock level across three sessions). (h) Trait anxiety score across testing sessions (inset trait anxiety across three sessions). (i) Distribution of delta distractor accuracy scores on the SART in a large population (N = 157). Dotted line at zero demonstrates population as a whole shifted towards threat-potentiated accuracy. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-contactless-palmprint-authentication-2u82lsz5g1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-distribution-of-matching-scores-for-iitd-database-1ejt99wu.png Fig. 4 Distribution of matching scores for IITD database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ordinal-feature-image-of-0-of-p-6-of-p-3-from-a-2yctho2n.png Fig. 3 Ordinal feature image, OF(0)+OF(p/6)+OF(p/3), from a contactless palmprint image https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-distribution-of-matching-scores-for-gpds-cl1-database-33kdum6l.png Fig. 5 Distribution of matching scores for GPDS-CL1 database and GPDS-CL2 database https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-extracted-sift-keypoints-over-palmprint-greyscale-ci2gfg9j.png Fig. 6 Extracted SIFT keypoints over palmprint greyscale image (upper left), palmprint image equalised by contrast limited adaptive histogram method (upper right) and palmprint preprocessed with Gaussian and Gabor filter (down left and right, respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-computational-time-seconds-1fsxjh51.png Table 6 Computational time (seconds) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-related-work-on-contactless-palmprint-authentication-34yzb5tl.png Table 7 Related work on contactless palmprint authentication https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-eer-robustness-to-contactless-scenario-variations-24fvnnt2.png Table 5 EER robustness to contactless scenario variations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-images-in-first-row-are-from-two-subjects-in-iitd-2mehw17c.png Fig. 1 Images in first row are from two subjects in IITD touchless database while second and third row images are from two subjects in GPDS-CL1 and GPDS-CL2 database https://scispace.com/papers/towards-an-understanding-of-the-dynamics-of-work-and-13ommtk1wn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-propose-conceptual-framework-for-future-studies-285aj3s4.png Figure 2- Propose conceptual framework for future studies https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-findings-3owo9x8i.png Table 2- Summary of findings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-article-selection-criteria-ogjjutil.png Figure 1- Article selection criteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-search-strategy-23uzo072.png Table 1: Search Strategy https://scispace.com/papers/towards-characterization-of-the-type-iip-supernova-14kaior7ex 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-sn-iip-absolute-magnitude-distribution-statistics-262b16o9.png Table 4 SN IIP Absolute Magnitude Distribution Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-illustration-of-the-five-component-sn-ii-1unev71y.png Figure 4. Schematic illustration of the five-component SN II light-curve model defined in Equation (1). The gray vertical lines denote the duration (tx) between epochs of transition between the piecewise components of the model. The background level (Yb) and turnover fluxes (Mx) are marked and labeled (red points). The power law (α) and exponential (βx ) rate constant for each phase are labeled adjacent to each light-curve segment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-left-stacked-sn-iip-light-curve-constructed-from-8ixcw4sa.png Figure 10. Left: stacked SN IIP light curve constructed from objects in the PS1 sample. The magnitudes are shown relative to the fitted value of Mpeak (see Section 3.1). Right: template light curves derived from the stacks, zoomed in relative to the stacked light curves. The solid line shows the median value of stacked photometry at each reference epoch, and the shaded region shows the 1σ (16th–84th percentile) range. The gray lines displayed against the r-band curve show the unfiltered SN IIP (solid line) and IIL (dashed line) templates from Li et al. (2011). K-corrections have been applied using the method described in Section 2.3, including uncertainties accounting for the range of epochs allowed for each photometric point by the model fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-peak-absolute-magnitude-distribution-among-the-sne-2w6c6bcc.png Figure 14. Peak absolute magnitude distribution among the SNe IIP in our PS1 sample, as derived from the posterior medians of our Bayesian light-curve fits, without (left) and with (right) correction for extinction (see Section 4.4). The solid line shows the subset of objects with well-constrained marginalized posteriors (<0.1 mag at 1σ without extinction correction, <0.2 mag with correction). The dashed line shows the prior distribution discussed in Section 3.2. All data are K-corrected. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pan-starrs1-type-iip-sn-light-curve-parameters-25b1mmq3.png Table 2 Pan-STARRS1 Type IIP SN Light-curve Parameters https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-prior-distribution-construction-for-3pqjuh6s.png Figure 5. Illustration of prior distribution construction for parameters of the Bayesian SN IIP light-curve model. Filters are displayed by row; parameters, by column. Only parameters with priors defined per filter are shown. The bars show the distribution of the marginalized posterior medians for the fitted light-curve model parameters. The least constrained posterior medians (with variance 80% or more of the variance in the prior) are shown with the faded bars, and more constrained posterior medians are shown with darker bars. The chosen prior distribution is shown with the dashed lines. Posteriors fitted exclusively with information from the prior (no constraint provided by the data, e.g., the least constrained marginal posteriors) would appear exactly at the position of the prior mean. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-svm-classifier-trained-to-the-sn-ii-light-curve-2zk20cv4.png Figure 9. SVM classifier trained to the SN II light-curve feature data. The subplots display five slices of the three-dimensional feature space (β2, tp,Mi ), representing different bins of absolute i-band magnitude. The shaded regions indicate the labeling regimes identified by the classifier, and the points represent observed objects from the sample of different manually assigned subclasses. The colored points represent the training set, and the white (“SNII?”) points represent the objects to be classified. The point size reflects the uncertainty in the feature posterior distribution for each object, with larger points indicating smaller uncertainty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-illustration-of-v-i-color-excess-method-for-14rid91e.png Figure 13. Illustration of (V −I ) color excess method for extinction estimation. The points show the V magnitude and (V − I ) color (in the Vega magnitude system) at 50 days for objects from our SN IIP sample, with error bars representing 1σ variation in the posterior predictive luminosity distribution for each object. Objects with strong posterior color constraints are highlighted in red. The solid lines show theoretical color–magnitude relations for SNe IIP with different levels of reddening, based on the fiducial relation of Kasen & Woosley (2009). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-display-independent-light-field-formats-1uzbxl57a8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-illustration-of-light-field-rays-creating-the-window-2cng4qre.png Fig. 1: Illustration of light-field rays creating the “window of light”. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-principle-mechanism-of-a-light-field-display-3mfpekw6.png Fig. 2: The principle mechanism of a light-field display. Observers perceive the red and the blue points at the junction of the respectively colored rays. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-bi-planar-s-t-u-v-parametrization-and-the-proposed-mwu2yla5.png Fig. 4: The bi-planar (s,t,u,v) parametrization and the proposed angularly continuous (s,t,ϕ,θ) parametrization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-proposed-angularly-continuous-representation-3bfavk1d.png Fig. 5: The proposed angularly continuous representation showing the color information in angular bins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-overlay-of-a-capture-light-field-blue-on-a-display-3gi34jsc.png Fig. 3: Overlay of a capture light-field (blue) on a display light-field (green), illustrating the challenge of conversion. Note the inefficient use of the display’s FOV. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-fine-grained-open-zero-shot-learning-inferring-4aogcgkyyo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-our-procedure-red-and-the-26a7zz22.png Figure 1. Comparison between our procedure (Red) and the conventional ZSL framework (Blue). Fine-grained classes are often compact and non-describable in the attribute space. Our OSVE can discover tiny visual differences between different instances under the same attribute so as to infer discriminative visual features for unseen classes from fine-grained open candidates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-to-state-of-the-art-methods-for-both-36zytbiz.png Table 2. Comparison to state-of-the-art methods for both datasets. Results are overall accuracies in %. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-overall-accuracies-of-baseline-methods-by-2yyapzg9.png Figure 3. A. overall accuracies of baseline methods by substituting key components of the proposed framework. B. ROC curves of our method on the two datasets. For clarity, only 10 of the 50 unseen classes on CUB are shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparing-the-data-distribution-between-real-a-and-15wlnd3b.png Figure 4. Comparing the data distribution between real (A) and inferred (B) visual features of unseen classes. Note that t-SNE can result in slight distortion and colour differences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-performance-curve-respects-to-the-dimension-k-1c7qbgtx.png Figure 5. the performance curve respects to the dimension K of the intermediate embedding space. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-results-in-of-open-zsl-1-add-extra-seen-classes-as-aoa4fd1m.png Table 3. Results (in %) of Open ZSL 1: add extra seen classes as candidates or add instances from seen classes for testing. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-open-zsl-2-test-by-increasing-number-of-unseen-cl277bnc.png Figure 6. Open ZSL 2: test by increasing number of unseen classes using different size of training sets. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-top-5-nearest-neighbours-of-the-query-image-under-d8dae1q7.png Figure 7. Top-5 nearest neighbours of the query image under conventional and open ZSL. Correct and incorrect matches are shown in green and red respectively. Corresponding seen/unseen splits are shown on the right. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-leveraging-backdoors-in-qualitative-constraint-2nrmwbuubl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-qcn-n-of-interval-algebra-where-the-underlined-base-jk0ekf19.png Fig. 2: A QCN N of Interval Algebra where the underlined base relations are not present in G(N ), and the double-underlined base relations are additionally not present in ◆ ∪ G (N ); G is the constraint graph of N , i.e., the graph that results by removing edge {x2, x5} from the complete graph on {x1, x2, x3, x4, x5}, and is chordal https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-figurative-examples-of-qcn-terminology-using-interval-17qk6dod.png Fig. 1: Figurative examples of QCN terminology using Interval Algebra; symbols p, e, m, o, d, s, and f correspond to the atoms precedes, equals, meets, overlaps, during, starts, and finishes respectively, with ·i denoting the converse of · (note that ei = e) https://scispace.com/papers/towards-motor-skill-learning-for-robotics-284jvm6bg6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-association-motion-behaviors-and-vectors-almqnoqt.png Table II. Association - motion behaviors and vectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-exercise-cases-considered-cuf8b2k1.png Table III. Exercise Cases Considered https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-proposition-of-unified-model-with-a-hypothetical-330xg78m.png Fig. 7. Proposition of unified model with a hypothetical connection (bold arrow) could allow re-synchronizing the internal context (i.e. the oscillators) on place recognition signals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-motion-behavior-definition-structure-aaesr24e.png Table I. Motion behavior definition structure https://scispace.com/papers/towards-multi-modal-anticipatory-monitoring-of-depressive-18a46g9rne 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-results-for-correlation-between-depressive-state-3jbcy7mi.png Figure 2: Results for correlation between depressive state and phone usage metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-results-for-correlation-between-depressive-state-3bc5chql.png Figure 1: Results for correlation between depressive state and notification metrics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-description-of-phone-interaction-metrics-3swyrw08.png Table 1: Description of phone interaction metrics. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-music-driven-procedural-animation-b2ool0ndcp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-different-flow-primitives-combined-a-source-7s5hmmkh.png Figure 3: Three different flow primitives combined: (a) Source flow; (b) Sink flow; (c) Vortex flow. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overview-of-our-systems-architecture-322lqskj.png Figure 2: Overview of our system’s architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-frame-sequence-of-tree-reacting-to-a-uniform-2on61qrb.png Figure 5: Frame sequence of tree reacting to (a) Uniform lateral wind and (b) Vortex wind. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-uniform-wind-b-vortex-wind-s5ykd1wd.png Figure 4: (a) Uniform Wind; (b) Vortex Wind. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-object-mapping-in-non-stationary-environments-with-2ocnc3srss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-graph-of-model-score-vs-number-of-objects-n9vf8och.png Figure 5: Graph of model score vs. number of objects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-seven-iterations-of-em-for-the-data-set-7u7yh6bt.png Figure 4: (a) Seven iterations of EM for the data set containing a fixed number of objects per map. (b) Seven iterations of EM for the data set containing a variable number of objects per map. (c) Correspondence probabilities between an observed object and different object models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-nine-maps-used-for-learning-models-of-3o9hkwd2.png Figure 3: (a) Nine maps used for learning models of nonstationary objects using a variable number of objects per map. (b) Overlay of optimally aligned maps. (c) Difference map before low-pass filtering. The objects are clearly identifiable. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-the-pioneer-robot-used-to-collect-laser-range-2r0f6te6.png Figure 1: (a) The Pioneer robot used to collect laser range data. (b) The robotics lab where the second data set was collected. (c) Actual images of non-stationary objects used in the second data set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-four-maps-used-for-learning-models-of-13jndph3.png Figure 2: (a) Four maps used for learning models of nonstationary objects using a fixed number of objects per map. (b) Overlay of optimally aligned maps. (c) Difference map before low-pass filtering. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-ontologically-explainable-classifiers-uk450aztgg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-generating-synthetic-images-of-ontological-pizzas-33pvay7o.png Fig. 1. Generating synthetic images of ontological pizzas. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-architecture-of-the-ontologically-explainable-8x7mli39.png Fig. 3. Architecture of the ontologically explainable classifier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-classification-and-visual-ontological-explanations-1zwa6w62.png Fig. 6. Classification and visual ontological explanations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-explanations-for-classification-due-to-missing-kf8inbcv.png Fig. 7. Explanations for classification due to missing features. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-generating-an-ontoclassifier-3mepobpm.png Fig. 4. Generating an OntoClassifier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-classification-and-ontological-segmentation-1iasl1w9.png Fig. 5. Classification and ontological segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-grad-cam-explanations-for-a-specific-pizza-2qi3nlhb.png Fig. 2. Grad-CAM explanations for a specific pizza classification. https://scispace.com/papers/towards-verified-programming-of-embedded-devices-3mspmwanfz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-compilation-of-type-refinement-constraints-into-a-3i5t2ese.png Fig. 5. Compilation of type refinement constraints into a dReal problem https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-automated-composition-of-contract-in-ddl-39560u06.png Fig. 6. Automated composition of contract in ddL. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-stepper-motor-controlled-by-an-arduino-microcontroller-1rpoy17r.png Fig. 1. Stepper motor controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-type-refinements-in-the-arduino-platform-interface-3cgj0oyc.png Fig. 3. Type refinements in the Arduino platform interface https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-formalization-of-the-induction-i-t-1-e-rt-l-v-r-of-a-xavj9cit.png Fig. 4. A formalization of the induction I(t) = (1−e−Rt/L)V/R of a coil with resistance R = 10, voltage V = 5 and inductance L = 2. The 63% induction threshold suggested in [1] is reached at the maximal frequency of 10hz (solved using the LATEX package tikz). https://scispace.com/papers/towards-reasoning-about-pivoting-in-startups-and-large-27vqyjvyze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-abstract-i-model-of-a-zoom-out-and-b-zoom-in-pivots-2rwwfxv7.png Figure 1. Abstract i* model of (a) Zoom-out and (b) Zoom-in pivots https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-abstract-i-model-of-customer-segment-pivot-14kv8gqg.png Figure 2. Abstract i* model of Customer Segment pivot https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-catalog-of-ten-common-types-of-pivots-source-adapted-36rcp2y7.png Table 1. Catalog of ten common types of pivots (Source: Adapted from Reis [1]) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4c-partial-extended-i-sr-diagram-of-messaging-service-38ttfelv.png Figure 4c. Partial extended i* SR diagram of Messaging Service Provider https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4b-partial-i-sr-diagram-of-messaging-service-provider-3gw8cpu8.png Figure 4c. Partial extended i* SR diagram of Messaging Service Provider https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-abstract-i-model-of-customer-need-pivot-27u6wp76.png Figure 3. Abstract i* model of Customer Need pivot https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4a-partial-i-sr-diagram-of-messaging-service-provider-lvf5v8vc.png Figure 4c. Partial extended i* SR diagram of Messaging Service Provider https://scispace.com/papers/towards-the-co-evolution-of-influence-map-tree-based-4d39nozpz3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-earth-2160-reality-pump-studios-1h5pwbz3.png Fig. 1. Earth 2160 - Reality Pump Studios https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-game-player-architecture-3d0oo1d1.png Fig. 2. Game Player Architecture https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-behavior-exhibited-by-evolved-attacker-2go0oowq.png Fig. 6. Behavior Exhibited by Evolved Attacker https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-behavior-exhibited-by-evolved-defender-56vbdy2z.png Fig. 7. Behavior Exhibited by Evolved Defender https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-an-influence-map-2793r4mc.png Fig. 3. An Influence Map https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-min-max-avg-fitnesss-of-attacker-defender-co-evolving-3fkbf6w9.png Fig. 8. Min/Max/Avg Fitness’s of Attacker / Defender Co-evolving https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-final-co-evolved-players-rwn38kfi.png Fig. 9. Final Co-Evolved Players https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lagoon-1qoo0wzz.png Fig. 4. Lagoon https://scispace.com/papers/trace-metal-partitioning-in-a-nearshore-tropical-environment-1txx5rlmd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-bathymetry-facies-and-grain-size-variations-3qk6r0aw.png Figure 4. Bathymetry, facies, and grain size variations (frequency in percentages) along transects across Namuka Reef. Acropora facies sediments surrounding the intrareef flat lagoon in transect B–B 0 are not shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-some-trace-metal-concentrations-for-367w1oge.png Figure 5. Comparison of some trace metal concentrations for sediments from Suva Harbor (data from Naidu and Morrison [1994]), Namuka Reef (this study), and Great Astrolabe Lagoon (data from Morrison et al. [1997]). Numbers of analyses are shown below each element. Only those data of Naidu and Morrison (1994) from the marine environment adjacent to the rubbish dump were used. Columns D and E show the average trace metal concentrations for samples with no obvious terrigenous input: samples omitted in these columns are 15 and 25 for Namuka Reef and 7, 10N, and 10S of Morrison et al. (1997) for Great Astrolabe Lagoon. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-locality-map-for-the-area-around-suva-fiji-2m9mwvj9.png Figure 1. General locality map for the area around Suva, Fiji Islands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rsboj43y.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-namuka-reef-at-low-tide-from-off-rat-tail-passage-1rctswgd.png Figure 2. Namuka Reef at low tide from off Rat-tail Passage, looking west. The large boulders near the reef crest are storm and tsunami deposits. See also fig. 8 in Rahiman et al. (2007). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-15wwmxoy.png TABLE 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-locality-map-for-namuka-reef-showing-sample-sites-302cgcc3.png Figure 3. Locality map for Namuka Reef showing sample sites and transects. https://scispace.com/papers/toxoplasma-gondii-injected-neurons-localize-to-the-cortex-1ncqo9eesy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tins-show-a-predilection-for-the-cortex-at-3-weeks-1vzjgje7.png Figure 1. TINs show a predilection for the cortex at 3 weeks post infection. Crereporter mice were infected with II-Cre or III-Cre Toxoplasma parasites as indicated. Brains were harvested, sectioned, labeled, and quantified as previously described (Mendez, Potter et al., 2018). (A, B) Graphs of the absolute numbers of TINs mapped to 12 regions of the brain. (C, D) Graphs of TINs/region normalized to the size of the region. The dashed line is 1, the value at which TINs distribution would be considered proportional to the region size. Box ± bars, mean ± SEM. N = 16-20/sections/mouse. Individual colors denote animals from individual cohorts, N = 4-12 mice/cohort for IICre infected mice, 5-8 mice/cohort for III-Cre infected mice. * = p = 0.0170, ** = p = 0.0021 by one-sample t-test, **** = p ≤ 0.0001 P-values for all regions are in Supplemental Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/tracing-on-heterogeneous-grids-to-improve-the-concavity-4eszmbzn67 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-performance-of-the-gvf-snake-a-input-thermal-image-imacmgbf.png Fig. 4. The performance of the GVF snake; (a) input thermal image with initial snake points, (b) the GVF snake after some iteration steps, (c) locating bad snake parts based on the divergence image of the GVF external force field. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-extending-a-pixelwise-tracer-to-heterogeneous-grids-a-3mm1j03q.png Fig. 3. Extending a pixelwise tracer to heterogeneous grids, (a) a pixelwise algorithm tracing in CW direction (see text); (b) its extension to heterogeneous grids in CW direction, (c) its extension to heterogeneous grids in CCW direction. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-heterogeneous-grids-b-adjacency-c-adjacency-24gj8hbh.png Fig. 2. (a) Heterogeneous grids; (b) -adjacency, (c) - adjacency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-steps-of-tracing-on-quadtree-based-heterogeneous-grid-2cbz9rtx.png Fig. 5. Steps of tracing on quadtree based heterogeneous grid, (a) quadtree decomposition of the divergence field, (b) heterogeneous object (black) to cover the object boundary, (c) missing snake part, and the estimation of boundary direction, (d) tracing the boundary of , (e) input snake for the closing GVF iterations, (f) final result. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-thick-arc-like-object-boundary-in-the-gvf-divergence-zxo11670.png Fig. 1. Thick-arc like object boundary in the GVF divergence image; (a) thermal image for object detection, (b) its divergence image with a zoomed window to show the thick-arc like behavior. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-and-retexturing-cloth-for-real-time-virtual-15q5hiyjht 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-real-time-cloth-tracking-mesh-on-the-moving-garment-3q99xo7d.png Fig. 6. Real-time cloth tracking: Mesh on the moving garment (left) and virtually augmented textures and colors. The addition of real lighting increases the perception that the cloth is truly exhibiting the virtual texture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-virtual-mirror-system-replaces-color-and-texture-909k11j3.png Fig. 1. The Virtual Mirror system replaces color and texture of a t-shirt in real time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-pixel-displacement-parameterization-used-as-1wfaqs80.png Fig. 3. Pixel displacement parameterization used as regularization of the optical flow field (left) and neighborhood of a vertex in the model (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-recovering-shading-and-illumination-representation-of-3exeysl8.png Fig. 5. Recovering shading and illumination. Representation of intensities as height fields before (left) and after (right) interpolation. The result yields a smooth intensity field and preserves smooth intensity changes at main folds and wrinkles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-occlusion-handling-original-image-occlusion-map-detail-334u06ay.png Fig. 4. Occlusion handling. Original image, occlusion map, detail of the deformed mesh without and with occlusion handling (left to right). Without occlusion handling the 2D mesh folds at the occlusion boundary which leads to inaccuracies during tracking because the triangles at the occlusion boundary contain wrong texture regions. Dark colors in the occlusion map mark occluded regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-work-flow-input-image-mesh-used-for-tracking-mirrored-1tgvzb0l.png Fig. 2. Work Flow: Input image, mesh used for tracking, mirrored augmented output images (left to right). The texture on the shirt is exchanged with a new one and the shirt is re-colored. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-attention-in-a-visual-active-paradigm-for-the-1d6vvaefy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-amplitude-of-the-10hz-in-yellow-and-14hz-in-red-18tfwv9o.png Fig. 1 – Left: Amplitude of the 10Hz (in yellow) and 14Hz (in red) SSVEP response (multitapers, 7 tapers) over the 7s-active red (upper panel) and yellow (lower panel) trials as well as the preceeding 7s-resting periods (transparent) for the different patient’s group. Right: Averaged spectral entropy during the 7s-active (dark gray) and 7s-passive (light gray) periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-clinical-and-task-related-data-of-the-2cm6mtze.png Table 1 - Demographic, clinical and task-related data of the patients’ sample. Onset column indicate the interval since insult (in months). Behavioral Assessment columns indicate the CRS-R subscores at the day of the EEG assessment for respectively Auditory, Visual, Motor, Verbal, Communication and Arousal functions, and related diagnosis. Visual column illustrate the “active red versus active yellow” classification accuracy (in percent) obtained with the multi-trial steady-state visually evoked potential analysis. Attention column illustrates the “active versus passive” classification accuracy (in percent) obtained with the multi-trial spectral https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-individual-spectral-entropy-computed-over-consecutive-2wpk1c9m.png Fig. 2 – Individual spectral entropy computed over consecutive 1s-periods during the 30s active vs passive trials and averaged over trials. Red dots represents 1s-periods with significantly (WSRT; p < 0.01) higher spectral entropy as compared to the passive 7s-periods (rest). Note the increase of the spectral entropy during the active periods and the related instruction (“please focus on a color”) for patients VS/UWS6 and EMCS2. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-the-articulated-motion-of-two-strongly-interacting-q3hg6opzuc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-by-masking-the-depth-information-b-with-a-skin-pblm72qc.png Figure 2. By masking the depth information (b), with a skin color detection performed upon RGB data (a), a depth map (c) of image regions corresponding to hands is extracted, from Kinect input. The proposed method fits the 54-D joint model of two hands (d) onto these observations, thus recovering the hand articulation that best explains the observations (e). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-a-view-of-two-interacting-hands-right-the-2e0369dc.png Figure 1. Left: A view of two interacting hands. Right: The configuration of the two hands as estimated by the proposed method, superimposed on the left frame (cropped 320× 240 regions from the original 640× 480 images). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-quantitative-evaluation-of-the-performance-of-the-2lsblleu.png Figure 4. Quantitative evaluation of the performance of the method with respect to the PSO parameters. Each line of the graph corresponds to a different number of particles as shown in the legend. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-quantitative-evaluation-of-the-performance-of-the-evycnzwt.png Figure 5. Quantitative evaluation of the performance of the method with respect to the average distance from the sensor. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-snapshots-from-an-experiment-where-two-hands-3p1f0zsw.png Figure 8. Snapshots from an experiment where two hands interact with each other (cropped 320 × 240 regions from the original 640× 480 images). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-quantitative-evaluation-of-the-performance-of-the-2k3o17r2.png Figure 6. Quantitative evaluation of the performance of the method with respect to synthesized depth and skin-color detection noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-quantitative-evaluation-of-the-performance-of-the-k3txbzv8.png Figure 7. Quantitative evaluation of the performance of the method with respect to viewpoint variation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-feature-mapping-of-an-entire-generation-of-model-msp2gdpm.png Figure 3. Feature mapping of an entire generation of model hypotheses that can be generated and evaluated in sub-millisecond time scale on a GPU. https://scispace.com/papers/tracking-trains-via-radio-frequency-systems-4b9p4ofraj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-gsm-coverage-with-redundancy-zl5ytwzf.png Fig. 18. GSM coverage with redundancy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-24-bg550-cp-n-and-a-possible-desk-gsm-r-318db00b.png Fig. 24. BG550 CP-N and a possible desk GSM-R. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-track-to-train-radio-with-gsm-gps-o1dnjn00.png Fig. 11. Track-to-train radio with GSM/GPS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-diagram-of-the-mobile-station-of-the-track-to-train-2j2f71us.png Fig. 6. Diagram of the mobile station of the track-to-train radio without GSM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-diagram-of-the-mobile-station-of-the-track-to-train-13d3gd9u.png Fig. 7. Diagram of the mobile station of the track-to-train radio with GSM. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-coverage-in-long-length-tunnels-3pq99pya.png Fig. 19. Coverage in long-length tunnels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-20-coverage-in-long-length-tunnels-with-redundancy-2fw2kno7.png Fig. 20. Coverage in long-length tunnels, with redundancy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-mobile-station-with-gsm-3ojlyjdd.png Fig. 8. Mobile station with GSM. https://scispace.com/papers/trade-as-a-wage-disciplining-device-90f4mpp9ma 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-sector-country-combinations-with-the-highest-left-3bc74an9.png Fig. 3. The sector/country combinations with the highest (left panel) and lowest (right panel) variability of wages relative to employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-separate-estimation-for-countries-and-sectors-s77ynb4e.png Table 5 Separate estimation for countries and sectors depending on the cyclical variability of wages relative to employment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-effect-of-ph-on-wages-solid-line-the-sensitivity-3bf6tpho.png Fig. 1. The effect of φ on wages (solid line), the sensitivity of wages to productivity (dotted line) and the sensitivity to foreign wages (dashed line). In the left panel unions weigh employment more than wages and vice versa in the right panel. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-unemployment-rates-in-in-1980-source-oecd-countries-2y5u44f1.png Table 7 Unemployment rates (in %) in 1980 (source: OECD). Countries with a statutory minimum wage are indicated by a star. Countries with a majority of sectors exhibiting large fluctuations in wages as compared to employment are indicated by †. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-country-sector-combinations-included-in-the-sample-2v3ok4xl.png Table 8 Country/sector combinations included in the sample. E’s are included in the employment oriented group, W’s in the wage oriented group. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-evolution-of-ph-in-some-large-eu-member-states-2lboxfdf.png Fig. 2. The evolution of φ in some large EU member states (left) and a comparison of levels in 1999 for all countries in the sample, plus Norway. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-effect-of-labour-productivity-foreign-wages-and-hfgfwbq2.png Table 3 The effect of labour productivity, foreign wages and trade openness. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-effect-of-labour-productivity-foreign-wages-and-2mu6ycn2.png Table 2 The effect of labour productivity, foreign wages and trade openness. https://scispace.com/papers/traffic-modelling-for-fast-action-network-games-467kwuz3rd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-trace-overview-3uswlo8j.png Table 1: Trace overview https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extreme-value-function-x64x6mpy.png Table 2: Extreme value function https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-server-and-typical-client-traffic-of-a-26wziim7.png Figure 2: Example of server and typical client traffic of a 1h session (LAN traffic) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-qos-metric-lag-for-first-person-shooters-314fzvau.png Table 4: QoS metric „lag“ for first person shooters https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-counter-strike-traffic-characteristics-and-suggested-2wm42bp4.png Table 3: Counter Strike traffic characteristics and suggested approximation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-change-of-mean-data-rate-with-number-of-active-216fohxe.png Figure 4: Change of mean data rate with number of active clients (99% conf.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-complementary-cumulative-distribution-function-of-3kagncje.png Figure 5: Complementary cumulative distribution function of server interarrival time (total traffic) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-probability-density-function-of-server-packet-size-3e6dzd8s.png Figure 8: Probability density function of server packet size for 10 clients https://scispace.com/papers/traffic-scheduling-in-non-blocking-optical-packet-switches-52y68624y8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-scalable-high-speed-optical-packet-switch-1y9mf076.png Fig. 1. A scalable high speed optical packet switch. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-largest-entry-first-and-shadow-the-first-example-1ge4lt7t.png Fig. 3. “Largest-Entry-First” and “shadow” (the first example). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-optical-packet-switch-scheduling-stages-15dkp50b.png Fig. 2. Optical packet switch scheduling stages. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reference-matrix-r-in-qlef-algorithm-163ynyyb.png Fig. 5. Reference matrix R in QLEF algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-conceptual-qlef-scheduling-procedure-1ci1s53w.png Fig. 7. Conceptual QLEF scheduling procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-qlef-algorithm-29ich83w.png Fig. 6. QLEF algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-speedup-bounds-of-min-ai-scale-and-qlef-jew7ibox.png Fig. 8. Speedup bounds of MIN, αi-SCALE and QLEF. https://scispace.com/papers/training-echo-state-networks-with-regularization-through-23ktttzoro 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-each-hyperparameter-is-searched-by-the-ga-in-the-3ftjlltp.png Table 1: Each hyperparameter is searched by the GA in the interval [min, max ] with resolution σ. The fields in the table are the following: spectral radius of the reservoir (ρ), neurons in the reservoir (Nr), noise in ESN state update (ξ), scaling of input, teacher and feedback weights (ωi, ωo, ωf ), embedding dimension ( θ(d) = d Nr ) , L2 norm regularization factor (λ), ν-SVR parameters (C, γ, ν). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overview-of-the-hyperparameters-optimization-in-the-2xbr6jtv.png Figure 3: Overview of the hyperparameters optimization in the proposed architecture. At the i-th iteration, the input elements of the validation set Xvs are processed by the ESN configured with the hyperparemeters in θi, which is the i-th individual generated by the GA. The predicted output Ŷvs produced by the network is matched against the ground truth Yvs, the resulting similarity (prediction error) is used to compute the fitness of θi with the loss function L(θi). In the next iteration, a new individual θi+1 is generated, depending on results obtained so far and on the policies of the GA. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-when-a-new-element-x-t-is-fed-into-the-network-the-2i5ahr2r.png Figure 2: When a new element x[t] is fed into the network, the internal state of the ESN is updated and its new value is stored in h[t]. Such state vector is then projected on a subspace, computed during the training on the state matrix Htr and the vector of reduced dimensionality in this subspace h̄[t] is evaluated. At this point, the predicted output value ŷ[t] is computed by the ESN readout. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-dimension-d2-and-largest-lyapuanov-3el5k7yi.png Table 3: Correlation dimension (D2) and largest Lyapuanov exponent (LLE) of the attractors of Lorenz and Moore-Spiegel dynamical systems. Each invariant is estimated on the trajectories generated by: the ordinary differential equations (True); the dime-delay embedding (Emb); the ESN reservoir state, whose dimensionality is reduced using PCA (ESN+PCA) or k-PCA (ESN+kPCA); the internal state of an ESN with a small reservoir with 3 neurons (ESN small). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-depiction-of-the-esn-architecture-the-2a1f0ox2.png Figure 1: Schematic depiction of the ESN architecture. The circles represent input x, state, h, and output, y, respectively. Solid squares Wor and W o i , are the trainable matrices, respectively, of the readout, while dashed squares, Wrr , W r o, and W r i , are randomly initialized matrices. The polygon represents the non-linear transformation performed by neurons and z-1 is the unit delay operator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-trajectory-of-the-attractors-of-the-moore-spiegel-3egwp821.png Figure 6: trajectory of the attractors of the Moore-Spiegel dynamical system in the phase space. In (a), the true trajectory, which is computed directly from the ordinary differential equations of the system. In (b), the trajectory reconstructed using time-delay embedding. In (c), the trajectory generated by the internal state of ESN internal state, on the subspace defined by the first 3 components of the PCA. In (d), the trajectory described by the internal state of an ESN with a small reservoir with 3 neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-trajectory-of-the-attractors-of-the-lorenz-2pr3gs4w.png Figure 5: trajectory of the attractors of the Lorenz dynamical system in the phase space. In (a), the true trajectory, which is computed directly from the ordinary differential equations of the system. In (b), the trajectory reconstructed using time-delay embedding. In (c), the trajectory generated by the internal state of ESN internal state, on the subspace defined by the first 3 components of the PCA. In (d), the trajectory described by the internal state of an ESN with a small reservoir with 3 neurons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-prediction-results-obtained-on-the-test-set-2yaay6v0.png Table 2: Average prediction results obtained on the test set. The table contains the following fields: method for readout training (RT), dimensionality reduction procedure (DM), spectral radius of the reservoir (ρ), neurons in the reservoir (Nr), noise in ESN state update (ξ), scaling of input, teacher and feedback weights (ωi, ωo, ωf ), dimensionality (d), kPCA kernel width (γk), L2 norm regularization factor (λ), ν-SVR parameters (C, ν, γr). Best results are highlighted in bold. https://scispace.com/papers/trajectories-of-risk-behaviors-across-adolescence-and-young-20gg88wtcw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-trajectories-of-smoking-and-tobacco-use-behaviors-ai1rsaxt.png Figure 1. Trajectories of smoking and tobacco use behaviors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-trajectories-of-marijuana-use-2jmk6mth.png Figure 3. Trajectories of marijuana use. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multinomial-logistic-regression-of-latent-class-18zvtyzi.png Table 2. Multinomial logistic regression of latent class trajectories.a https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-trajectories-of-alcohol-use-yaukrfaz.png Figure 2. Trajectories of alcohol use. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-behaviors-by-race-1nfzppx4.png Table 1. Descriptive statistics for behaviors by race/ethnicity over time.a https://scispace.com/papers/trait-anxiety-dependence-of-movement-time-performance-in-a-1o6ibnkj70 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-state-anxiety-mean-s-d-for-the-two-groups-measured-37ft0a3q.png Table 1 State-anxiety (mean±S.D.) for the two groups measured in the first rest period (baseline), in the control condition and in the anxiogenic condition https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-differences-of-reaction-time-and-movement-time-2w05dt8m.png Fig. 1. Differences of reaction time and movement time performances (mean in ms) between the control condition and the anxiogenic condition for the very low trait-anxiety group (VLTA; n= 14; A, C) and the normal trait-anxiety group (NTA; n= 14; B, D). *p< 0.05, significant difference between the control condition and the anxiogenic condition. https://scispace.com/papers/trajectory-optimization-for-target-localization-with-bearing-2v3ofhrk5j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-geometric-relationship-between-the-observer-and-the-sdee0xit.png Fig. 1. Geometric relationship between the observer and the target at time step k in an inertial coordinate. The observer is represented by a magenta pentagram and the red circle denotes the target. The red vector stands for the observer heading direction at previous time step. The maximum permissible move region of the observer at current time instant is given by the blue sector with radius Vo,maxTs and angle 2γmax. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-geometric-illustration-for-moving-target-3ll5tddb.png Fig. 3. (a) Geometric illustration for moving target localisation without turning rate limit in the relative frame. The blue circle determines the maximum permissible region that the observer can travel at current time step. r̄k = rk − vt,k is an auxiliary vector utilised in the analysis. (b) Geometric illustration of candidate optimal heading solutions for moving target localisation in the relative frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-geometric-illustration-for-moving-target-localisation-r25zcwlq.png Fig. 7. Geometric illustration for moving target localisation with turning rate limit in the relative frame. The magenta sector ADE, denoted as Ξ, quantifies the maximum permissible movement region of the robot at current time instant. (a) Case 1: both γ∗,1o,k and γ ∗,2 o,k are located inside sector ADE. (b) Case 2: only γ∗,1o,k is located inside sector ADE. (c) Case 3: γ ∗,1 o,k is located outside sector ADE. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-rmse-comparisons-over1000-monte-carlo-runs-2m53y0m1.png TABLE II RMSE COMPARISONS OVER1000 MONTE-CARLO RUNS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-geometric-illustration-of-optimal-manoeuvre-location-aizkxq52.png Fig. 4. Geometric illustration of optimal manoeuvre location in the relative frame. (a) one candidate heading solution v∗,1o,k locates inside sector ADE excluding line AD (Ω1 in the figure) and another candidate heading solution v ∗,2 o,k locates inside sector ABC excluding lines AB, AC (Ω2 in the figure). (b) Proof of the fact that that v∗,1o,k /∈ sector ACE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-geometric-interpretation-of-optimal-manoeuvres-for-11f814bu.png Fig. 6. Geometric interpretation of optimal manoeuvres for stationary target in the relative frame with σ1 = σ2 and ∥∥∥r1k+1∥∥∥ = ∥∥∥r2k+1∥∥∥. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-simulation-results-obtained-from-the-proposed-23akpjaj.png Fig. 10. Simulation results obtained from the proposed algorithm and [42] for constant-manoeuvring target with each row corresponding to one sample run. The difference between these two rows is resulted from the multiple solution problem of [42]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-simulation-results-obtained-from-the-proposed-d3pz39zn.png Fig. 9. Simulation results obtained from the proposed algorithm and [14] for three different target motions. The first column corresponds to stationary target; the second column refers to non-manoeuvring target; and the third column is for constant-manoeuvring target. https://scispace.com/papers/transcriptional-response-to-host-chemical-cues-underpins-11jyupu58a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-differential-regulation-of-s-sclerotiorum-2jkqxah3.png Figure 1. Differential regulation of S. sclerotiorum transcriptome during the colonization of plants from six botanical families. (A) Proportion of RNA sequencing reads from colony edge samples (green) and colony center samples (brown) mapped to a unique position in the S. sclerotiorum genome (% of all reads). Results from samples collected in three independent biological replicates are shown, grey dashed line shows average for all samples. Boxplots show 1st and 3rd quartiles (box), median (thick line) and the most dispersed values within 1.5 times the interquartile range (whiskers). (B) Number of S. sclerotiorum genes expressed differentially (DEGs) on each host compared to in vitro-grown colonies. Bubbles of the venn diagrams are sized proportionally to the number of DEGs in each treatment, labels on the right and left side showing the corresponding number of genes. DEGs detected in colony edge are shown in green, those in colony center are shown in brown. The upper half of the bubbles corresponds to genes upregulated, the lower half to genes downregulated. The proportion of upregulated genes unique to edge samples is labelled on diagrams and the corresponding sectors highlighted by dotted lines. (C) Hierarchical clustering of edge samples based on the expression of 2,625 DEGs. Numbers in branch labels correspond to biological replicates. (D) Distribution of DEGs according to host species. For each sector, the upper value (▲) correspond to upregulated genes, the lower value ( ) to downregulated genes. The central dark grey hexagon shows DEGs detected on all six host, the light grey hexagon shows DEGs detected on 2 to 5 hosts. Ath, Arabidopsis thaliana; Bvu, Beta vulgaris; Han, Helianthus annuus; Pvu, Phaseolus vulgaris; Rco, Ricinus communis; Sly, Solanum lycopersicum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-genome-of-s-trifoliorum-resembles-the-genome-of-4iuu1jo0.png Figure 4. The genome of S. trifoliorum resembles the genome of S. sclerotiorum. We generated a near-chromosome level assembly for S. trifoliorum SwB9. (A) The synteny of the two genomes was analyzed using MUMmer (Kurtz et al., 2004). The circos plot (Zhang et al., 2013) shows the synteny between the chromosomes of S. sclerotiorum 1980 and the newly assembled contigs of S. trifoliorum SwB9. Chromosomes and contigs shown in B are labelled with bold fonts. (B) Synteny of S. sclerotiorum chromosomes 6 and 12 against the S. trifoliorum assembled contigs plotted by genoPlotR (Guy et al., 2010). (C) UpSetR plot (Conway et al., 2017) summarizing the results from the Orthofinder analysis between the proteomes of S. sclerotiorum 1980 (Ss1980), S. trifoliorum SwB9 (SwB9), and Botrytis cinerea B05.10 (B05.10). The bars indicate the number of orthogroups, the numbers next to the connector dots indicate the number of genes represented by these orthogroups by species. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cis-regulatory-variation-in-s-sclerotiorum-genes-18iybsh8.png Figure 7. Cis-regulatory variation in S. sclerotiorum genes induced by camalexin and during the colonization of A. thaliana. (A) Top: sequence logo of the WWCCCCRC cis-regulatory element enriched in S. sclerotiorum genes induced by camalexin and A. thaliana infection by comparison to their S. trifoliorum orthologs. Bottom: distribution of the WWCCCCRC element in the 1 kbp upstream sequence of S. sclerotiorum genes induced by camalexin and A. thaliana infection and their S. trifoliorum orthologs. (B) Domain structure of S. sclerotiorum orthologs of CreA and Adr1 transcription factors known to bind the WWCCCCRC cis element in yeast. Length of the boxes is proportional to number of amino acids. (C) Relative normalized expression of S. trifoliorum and S. sclerotiorum CreA and Adr1 transcription factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-genomic-architecture-of-s-sclerotiorum-infection-3ub2pez6.png Figure 3. Genomic architecture of S. sclerotiorum infection transcriptome. (A) Distribution of gene expression information along the 16 chromosomes of S. sclerotiorum. From outermost to innermost track: S. sclerotiorum chromosomes with sequence length indicated in million base pairs (Mbp); position of in planta induced genes represented by circles colored according to hosts in which the gene is induced; https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-s-trifoliorum-swb9-genome-assembly-statistics-sq94ew62.png Table 1. S. trifoliorum SwB9 genome assembly statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-cis-regulatory-variation-in-s-sclerotiorum-genes-22jaisr4.png Figure 7. Cis-regulatory variation in S. sclerotiorum genes induced by camalexin and during the colonization of A. thaliana. (A) Top: sequence logo of the WWCCCCRC cis-regulatory element enriched in S. sclerotiorum genes induced by camalexin and A. thaliana infection by comparison to their S. trifoliorum orthologs. Bottom: distribution of the WWCCCCRC element in the 1 kbp upstream sequence of S. sclerotiorum genes induced by camalexin and A. thaliana infection and their S. trifoliorum orthologs. (B) Domain structure of S. sclerotiorum orthologs of CreA and Adr1 transcription factors known to bind the WWCCCCRC cis element in yeast. Length of the boxes is proportional to number of amino acids. (C) Relative normalized expression of S. trifoliorum and S. sclerotiorum CreA and Adr1 transcription factors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transcriptome-reprogramming-in-response-to-3p5bz625.png Figure 6. Transcriptome reprogramming in response to camalexin in S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum. (A) Normalized FPKM expression values for differentially expressed genes during the colonization of A. thaliana (Ath, S. sclerotiorum only) and upon camalexin treatment (Cam., S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum). Expression of orthologs of DEGs from the other Sclerotinia species are shown for comparison purposes. DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PDA, potato dextrose agar. (B) Venn diagram illustrating the number of DEGs in S. sclerotiorum during the colonization A. thaliana, S. sclerotiorum growth on camalexin and orthologs of S. trifoliorum DEGs during growth on camalexin. Number between brackets corresponds to complete gene sets. (C) Expression of a subset of genes from the SPREx cluster 15.5 in S. sclerotiorum and the syntenic region in S. trifoliorum genome. The position and orientation of genes is indicated by arrowheads, labelled with gene names, empty arrowheads indicate absent genes. The size of bubbles shows the average FPKM values for each gene in five conditions. (D) Relative expression at 72 hours post inoculation for five S. sclerotiorum genes determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (Q RT-PCR) on A. thaliana wild type plants, cyp79b2 cyp79b3 and pad3 mutants. Values shown are for 6 independent biological replicates averaged over two technical replicates. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-transcriptome-reprogramming-in-response-to-2fr2jf8c.png Figure 6. Transcriptome reprogramming in response to camalexin in S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum. (A) Normalized FPKM expression values for differentially expressed genes during the colonization of A. thaliana (Ath, S. sclerotiorum only) and upon camalexin treatment (Cam., S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum). Expression of orthologs of DEGs from the other Sclerotinia species are shown for comparison purposes. DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PDA, potato dextrose agar. (B) Venn diagram illustrating the number of DEGs in S. sclerotiorum during the colonization A. thaliana, S. sclerotiorum growth on camalexin and orthologs of S. trifoliorum DEGs during growth on camalexin. Number between brackets corresponds to complete gene sets. (C) Expression of a subset of genes from the SPREx cluster 15.5 in S. sclerotiorum and the syntenic region in S. trifoliorum genome. The position and orientation of genes is indicated by arrowheads, labelled with gene names, empty arrowheads indicate absent genes. The size of bubbles shows the average FPKM values for each gene in five conditions. (D) Relative expression at 72 hours post inoculation for five S. sclerotiorum genes determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (Q RT-PCR) on A. thaliana wild type plants, cyp79b2 cyp79b3 and pad3 mutants. Values shown are for 6 independent biological replicates averaged over two technical replicates. https://scispace.com/papers/transfer-printed-multi-color-integrated-devices-for-visible-4a0evqxro8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-spectra-from-the-led-printed-a-on-the-red-cqd-color-295fwsfu.png Figure 4: Spectra from the LED printed a) on the red CQD color-converter, b) the orange CQD color-converter and c) the green CQD color-converter and d) optical power characteristics of all three CQD color-converter devices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-tp-led-on-the-cqd-ultra-thin-3b2lhhee.png Figure 3: Schematic of the TP LED on the CQD ultra-thin flexible glass color-converter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-c-optical-power-and-b-d-electrical-to-optical-8c63oc9x.png Figure 2: a), c) optical power and b), d) electrical-to-optical modulation bandwidth characteristics of the blue TP, and green LED elements respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-main-steps-in-the-fabrication-of-the-dual-2qv6qhgp.png Figure 1: Three main steps in the fabrication of the dual-color LED array: a) First, a green LED element is fabricated (on sapphire), b) then a blue LED from GaN-on-Si is TP next to the green element. c) Finally the LED elements are electrically addressed with Ti/Au metal tracks allowing integrated dual color emission. https://scispace.com/papers/transfluthrin-indoor-air-concentration-and-inhalation-fvakrletb8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-peak-concentrations-determined-via-the-hs-ptr-ms-1naofbs8.png Table 2: Peak concentrations determined via the HS-PTR MS experimental measurements (gaseous phase) and the ConsExpo model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-modelled-gaseous-concentration-profiles-of-2cacp745.png Figure 2: Modelled gaseous concentration profiles of transfluthrin for different application scenarios based on Experiment C. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-modelled-gaseous-concentration-ranges-for-different-12mnh6ed.png Table 3: Modelled gaseous concentration ranges for different application scenarios (AER and emission duration) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-vaporizers-refills-and-3dcmnk4n.png Table 1: Characteristics of the vaporizers refills and conditions of application https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-1-hour-1-week-and-5-month-inhalation-exposure-to-23uz0e7k.png Table 4: 1-hour, 1-week and 5-month inhalation exposure to transfluthrin and corresponding margins of exposure, during the use 8 h per day of an electric vaporizer with low (0.14 h-1) air exchange rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-concentration-time-profile-of-gaseous-transfluthrin-99lzt86d.png Figure 1: Concentration time profile of gaseous transfluthrin during and after vaporizer application fr Experiment C. https://scispace.com/papers/transformation-of-demo-metamodel-into-xml-schema-4lpfwp7du9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-metamodel-mapping-transformation-8-2gzv65cs.png Fig. 1. Metamodel Mapping Transformation [8] https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mapping-of-t01-membership-registration-3s9cfm1q.png Table 4. Mapping of T01 membership registration https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-trt-of-the-library-4og30iy5.png Table 1. The TRT of the library https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-demo-meta-schema-elements-and-xml-schema-elements-ylpdex6w.png Table 3. DEMO meta schema elements and XML Schema elements https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-an-exemplary-ocd-of-the-library-3n1li0ct.png Fig. 6. An exemplary OCD of the library https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uml-to-xml-schema-transformation-9-33sys5iq.png Fig. 2. UML to XML Schema Transformation [9] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-meta-construction-model-9qkth2ni.png Fig. 5. Meta Construction Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-selected-information-from-the-mcm-and-msm-3ipem2zf.png Table 2. The selected information from the MCM and MSM https://scispace.com/papers/transformations-from-cone-responses-to-opponent-color-spaces-4ettqtvl32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rmse12-and-gfc13-values-between-hurvichs-opponent-3o972ec9.png Table 1: RMSE12 and GFC13 values between Hurvich’s opponent red-green (RG) and yellow-blue (YB) functions and the four https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-hurvichs-opponent-red-green-function-black-together-2u7yauff.png Figure 4. Hurvich’s opponent red-green 𝐻𝑟𝑔(𝜆) function (black), together with the red-green spectral responses from RG-Case1, RG-Case2, RG-Case3 and RG-Case4, respectively (see main text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-cie-2006-2-degree-cone-fundamentals-red-green-and-jrsmtamh.png Figure 1. CIE 2006 2-degree cone fundamentals 𝑙(̅𝜆) (red), ?̅?(𝜆) (green) and 𝑠̅(𝜆) (blue), ranging from 400nm to 700nm. Different Γ transforms have been proposed in previous studies. For example, from Figure 3 in the paper by Stockman and Brainard3, we have Γ𝑆𝐵 = (1 1 01 −1 01 1 −1). (5) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-hurvichs-opponent-yellow-blue-function-black-2fz1ryyx.png Figure 5. Hurvich’s opponent yellow-blue 𝐻𝑦𝑏(𝜆) function (black), together with the yellow-blue spectral responses from YBCase1, YB-Case2, YB-Case3 and YB-Case4, respectively (see main text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-opponent-red-green-and-yellow-blue-spectral-uekddehy.png Figure 2. Opponent red-green 𝐻𝑟𝑔(𝜆) and yellow-blue 𝐻𝑦𝑏(𝜆) spectral responses redrawn from Hurvich (1981). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-cie-spectral-luminous-efficiency-function-black-2d307rd6.png Figure 3. The CIE spectral luminous efficiency function 𝑉𝐹(𝜆) (black), plus two normalized (unity peak) functions, 𝑜𝐴1(𝜆) (red) and 𝑜𝐴2(𝜆) (blue) (see main text), ranging from 400nm to 700nm. Let 𝑜𝐴1(𝜆) = 𝑜𝐴(𝜆), obtained using the transforms defined by Eqs. (5), (7), or (8), and 𝑜𝐴2(𝜆) =𝑜𝐴(𝜆), obtained using the transform defined by Eq. (6). Figure 3 shows 𝑉𝐹(𝜆) (black), as well as the https://scispace.com/papers/transformational-leadership-in-sport-current-status-and-399svw6cvs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-12i6mj51.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/papers/transformative-learning-through-study-abroad-in-low-income-2k0fe18uom 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-study-abroad-course-objectives-uhveyg8i.png Table 1: Examples of Study Abroad Course Objectives https://scispace.com/papers/transient-beam-loading-detection-in-an-sns-cavity-11jw4tyg9f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-beam-transient-measured-with-the-llrf-359w1fm5.png Figure 6: Beam transient measured with the LLRF. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-beam-transient-measured-with-a-detector-upper-i-q-324zaeso.png Figure 7: Beam transient measured with a detector. Upper: I-Q vs time, lower: amplitude-phase. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-beam-phase-errors-with-a-1-x-10-3-rf-noise-2aaw9iv2.png Figure 4: Beam phase errors with a 1 × 10-3 RF noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-beam-phase-errors-with-a-1-x-10-4-rf-noise-3qfkuszq.png Figure 5: Beam phase errors with a 1 × 10-4 RF noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-beam-accumulations-with-a-1-x-10-3-rf-noise-1jah2ja9.png Figure 3: Beam accumulations with a 1 × 10-3 RF noise. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cavity-phase-under-transient-beam-loadings-vqbn8o7a.png Figure 2: Cavity phase under transient beam loadings. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-some-major-parameters-of-the-two-systems-28k60q60.png Table 1: Some Major Parameters of the Two Systems https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-one-of-the-proposed-sns-transient-detectors-2cdrsagx.png Figure 1: One of the proposed SNS transient detectors. https://scispace.com/papers/transgenic-expression-of-proinsulin-to-inactivate-insulin-3mvtri5bpn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-8-proinsulin-transgenic-bm-increases-the-penetrance-xxjqpbxf.png Figure 5.8 – Proinsulin transgenic BM increases the penetrance of diabetes when transferred to 6-week old NOD recipients. Sixteen- (A), ten- (B) and six-week old (C), non-diabetic female NOD mice were irradiated (300cGy) and 2x107 NOD or proinsulin transgenic BM cells transferred. One group were irradiated without BM transfer and another group left untreated. Recipients of NOD and proinsulin transgenic BM were injected with IL-2/αIL-2 or PBS i.p. on day 0, 1 and 2 after transfer. Mice were screened for glycosuria weekly commencing one week after transfer (A) or at approximately 80 days of age (B, C). Diabetes was confirmed by two consecutive weekly readings of non-fasting BGL>12mM. Survival curves showing overall diabetes incidence (A-C). Data are pooled from at least three independent experiments. Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. (**p<0.01: NOD BM vs proIns Tg BM). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-4-g9-tmem-produce-ifn-g-after-transfer-to-b16a-21gr6sf6.png Figure 4.4 - G9 Tmem produce IFN-γ after transfer to B16A recipients. G9 Tmem (10x106) were transferred to B16A mice and five days later, IFN-γ production in spleen was determined using ELISPOT. (A) Representative well images showing IFN-γ+ spots from a mouse not injected with G9 Tmem (left), a mouse injected with G9 Tmem without re-stimulation (middle) and the same recipient with re-stimulation (10µg/ml InsB15-23 (23 Gly); right). (B) The mean number of spots in peptide-stimulated wells minus the mean number of spots in unstimulated wells (delta value) per 5x105 spleen cells. The concentration of peptide used for re-stimulation is shown on the x-axis. Data are pooled from two independent experiments. Each point represents a single mouse. Error bars show S.D. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test. (**p<0.01). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-10-no-difference-in-donor-type-leukocyte-zwx84iog.png Figure 5.10 – No difference in donor-type leukocyte development between sublethally irradiated recipients of NOD and proinsulin transgenic HSPC. Five- to six-week old NOD (CD45.1+CD45.2-) mice were irradiated (300cGy) and 2x105 NOD (CD45.1+CD45.2+) or proinsulin transgenic (CD45.1+CD45.2+) purified HSPC transferred. Six weeks later, the total number of total leukocytes (A) and the total number of donor-type (CD45.1+CD45.2+) DC (B), B cells (C), myeloid cells (D), CD8+ T cells (E) and CD4+ T cells (F) in peripheral blood were determined using flow cytometry. Data are pooled from two independent experiments. Each point represents a single mouse. Error bars shows S.D. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test (A) or student’s t-test (B-F). (***p<0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-16-il-2-ail-2-complex-reduced-diabetes-incidence-in-2l36fwq3.png Figure 5.16 – IL-2/αIL-2 complex reduced diabetes incidence in 3-week old recipients of NOD HSPC. Three-week old NOD (CD45.1+CD45.2-) mice were irradiated (300cGy) and 1x105 NOD (CD45.1+CD45.2+) or proinsulin transgenic (CD45.1+CD45.2+) purified HSPC transferred. HSPC recipients were injected with IL-2/αIL-2 complex or PBS i.p. on day 0, 1 and 2 of transfer. One group was left untreated. Mice were screened weekly for glycosuria commencing at approximately 80 days of age. Diabetes was confirmed by two consecutive weeks of BGL>12mM. (A) Survival curve showing diabetes incidence. (B) Correlation of the proportion of donor-type leukocytes in peripheral blood 6 weeks after HPC transfer and the age of diabetes onset shown with linear regression. Data are pooled from three independent experiments. Each point represents a single mouse. Log-rank (MantelCox) test (A) and Pearson correlation (B). (**p<0.01: NOD HPC + IL-2/αIL-2 vs untreated). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-13-g9-t-cells-are-unresponsive-to-insb15-23-idqby2n1.png Figure 3.13 - G9 T cells are unresponsive to InsB15-23 immunisation in proinsulin transgenic recipients. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-5-enhanced-treg-expression-of-cd25-foxp3-gitr-ji6eb7yi.png Figure 5.5 – Enhanced Treg expression of CD25, Foxp3, GITR, TNFRII and CD103 following IL-2/αIL-2 complex treatment. NOD mice were injected with IL-2/αIL-2 or PBS i.p. for three consecutive days. On day 4 of treatment, the phenotype of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg in spleen and LN was determined using flow cytometry. (A) CD25 MFI, (B) Foxp3 MFI, (C) GITR+ Treg (%) (D) GITR MFI, (E) helios+ Treg (%), (F) LAG3+ Treg (%), (G) TNRFII+ Treg (%) and (H) CD103+ Treg (%). Data are pooled from two independent experiments. Each point represents single mouse. Error bars show S.D. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-13-substantial-donor-type-leukocyte-development-in-fdp63of1.png Figure 5.13 – Substantial donor-type leukocyte development in 3-week old recipients of NOD and proinsulin transgenic HSPC. Three-week old NOD (CD45.1+CD45.2-) mice were irradiated (300cGy) and 1x105 NOD (CD45.1+CD45.2+) or proinsulin transgenic (CD45.1+CD45.2+) purified HSPC transferred. HSPC recipients were injected with IL-2/αIL-2 complex or PBS i.p. on day 0, 1 and 2 of transfer. Six weeks later, the total number of total leukocytes (A) and the total number of donor-type (CD45.1+CD45.2+) DC (B), B cells (C), myeloid cells (D), CD8+ T cells (E) and CD4+ T cells (F) in peripheral blood were determined using flow cytometry. Data are pooled from three independent experiments. Each point represents a single mouse. Error bars shows S.D. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey posttest. (***p<0.001). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-10-increased-recovery-of-cfse-labelled-g9-tmem-in-bhagouwd.png Figure 4.10- Increased recovery of CFSE-labelled G9 Tmem in BM of B16A recipients compared to NOD and proinsulin transgenic recipients. https://scispace.com/papers/transient-pupil-constriction-reflects-and-affects-facial-18h93pp5hh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-critical-manipulations-in-each-2iugq6m7.png Table 1. Overview of the Critical Manipulations in Each Experiment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pupil-response-results-in-experiment-2-sample-36fg4mul.png Figure 2. Pupil response results in Experiment 2. Sample stimulus images (luminance equated) are shown corresponding to individual conditions. (A–D) Mean pupil diameter change as a function of time reference to the target onset during (A) attractiveness judgment for faces, (B) attractiveness judgment for natural scenes, (C) roundness judgment for faces, and (D) roundness judgment faces when the data were sorted by the attractiveness of the faces. Curves are parameterized with rating score depending on individual participants’ choices (1 = least attractive and 9 = most attractive for A, B, and D; 1 = least round and 9 = roundest for C). The color shadows represent standard errors among participants. The gray shadow represents the time window for averaging the pupil size to present the amount of pupil constriction, for statistical analysis (see Methods for details and Table 3 for results). (E–H) Box plots of the mean pupil size over the specified time window. The plus signs represent individual data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-procedure-and-results-in-experiment-6-a-2v1pc6yw.png Figure 6. Procedure and results in Experiment 6. (A) Illustration of experimental procedure (not to scale). (B) Pupil response results: mean pupil diameter change as a function of time reference to the target onset during the facial attractiveness judgment. Curves are parameterized with prestimulus and target background luminance conditions. Dotted lines represent the gray prestimulus condition. Solid lines represent the black prestimulus conditions. Gray lines represent the gray target background conditions. Black lines represent the black target background conditions. The numbers on the right are mean attractiveness rating scores corresponding to the prestimulus and target background luminance conditions. (C) Mean attractiveness rating as a function of prestimulus and target background luminance. Each black line represents individual participants’ mean rating score. Error bars represent standard errors among participants. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-mean-local-luminance-contrast-change-as-a-function-2utvdnyy.png Figure 13.Mean local luminance contrast change as a function of time reference to the stimulus onset in Experiments 1 (A), 2 (B), 3 (C), 4 (D), and 5 (E). Local luminance contrast was calculated by averaging the luminance of the image region being gazed at, that is, within1° of visual angle of the gazing point. Curves are parameterized with rating score depending on individual participants’ choices. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-behavioral-results-in-experiment-2-a-mean-rts-as-a-2d2h5rsa.png Figure 10. Behavioral results in Experiment 2. (A) Mean RTs as a function of rating scores. Error bars represent standard errors among participants. (B) Histograms of rating scores. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-rts-msec-under-each-condition-in-all-2dbczqyc.png Table 2. Mean RTs (msec) under Each Condition in All Experiments except Experiments 3 and 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-gaze-contingent-pupillary-response-results-in-gwklreao.png Figure 14. Gaze-contingent pupillary response results in Experiments 1 (A), 2 (B), 3 (C), 4 (D), and 5 (E). Mean pupil diameter change as a function of time reference to the gaze onset, parameterized by the gaze being detected during the period of target presentation or fixation display. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pupil-response-results-in-experiment-5-baseline-3i5x93ao.png Figure 5. Pupil response results in Experiment 5 (baseline pupil response pattern was manipulated by luminance contrast change: pupil dilation to faces and pupil constriction to geometric figures). (A–B) Mean pupil diameter change as a function of time reference to the target onset during attractiveness judgment for faces (A) or geometric figures (B). Curves are parameterized with rating score depending on individual participants’ choices (1 = least attractive and 9 = most attractive). The color shadows represent standard errors among participants. The gray shadow represents the time window for averaging the pupil size to present the amount of pupil response for statistical analysis (see Methods for details and Table 3 for results). (C–D) Box plots of the mean pupil size over the specified time window in the face condition (C) and the geometric figure condition (D). The plus signs represent individual data. https://scispace.com/papers/transition-from-casimir-to-van-der-waals-force-between-4nvrwkwamc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-force-vs-d-2-curves-to-illustrate-the-transition-irjuu38t.png FIG. 3. a Force vs d−2 curves to illustrate the transition from vdW to Casimir regime. The slope of the linear fit yields the non retarded Hamaker constant AH. b Calculations of force vs d−2 by incorporating the measured optical data for the Au films and roughness contribution. The force curve without roughness correction is given by , and that including the roughness contribution by . The lower points indicate the roughness correction for clarity purposes. For the roughness parameters of sphere and plane we used wsphere=1.8 nm, wplane=1.3 nm, lateral correlation lengths sphere,plane=20 nm, and roughness exponent Hsphere,plane=0.9 Ref. 17 . The roughness parameters w , ,H for sphere and plane were determined by AFM measurement of the height correlation function H r = h r −h 0 2 with … the ensemble average over multiple surface scans. The arrows indicate qualitatively the transition regime. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-force-vs-separation-d-from-average-of-800-1qbhjt7w.png FIG. 2. Color online Force vs separation d from average of 800 independent measurements also averaged for two different spheres with the power laws indicted for vdW and Casimir regimes. The arrow indicates qualitatively the transition regime approximately below 18 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-afm-topography-with-scan-size-1-m-and-280n0soe.png FIG. 1. Color online a AFM topography with scan size 1 m, and an associated height profile indicative of the roughness variations. b Inverse imaging of the sphere area after Au deposition around which contact with the surface occurs during force measurement, and an associated height profile indicative of the roughness height fluctuations. https://scispace.com/papers/transition-probabilities-and-static-moments-in-transitional-4s9zzk8ymj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-m-ffin-kr-sr-zr-mo-isotopes-isotope-n-n-eff-26qmaci0.png Table 2 M?ffin Kr, Sr, Zr, Mo isotopes. Isotope N N,eff https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-effective-boson-charges-for-groups-of-isotopes-in-1l7n00rd.png Table I Effective boson charges for groups of isotopes in the range A=90-200 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fits-of-t-vs-n-m-for-vibrational-ru-isotopes-and-n6j1crj7.png Figure 2 Fits of T vs. N /M for vibrational Ru isotopes and deformed neutron-rich Ba, Ce, Gd isotopes. https://scispace.com/papers/transition-states-for-the-abstraction-reactions-of-triplet-4zzlg9duio 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-illustration-of-the-angle-o-used-in-onstrained-3-1zsxfy1f.png Figure 5. . Illustration of the angle o used in ~onstrained 3 ·saddle point studies of CHz( B1) +Hz. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-38spo6yl.png TABLE III. https://scispace.com/papers/translating-science-to-benefit-diverse-publics-engagement-bt3w9ly038 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-synthesized-characteristics-of-the-three-modes-of-16bv07vh.png Table 1. Synthesized Characteristics of the Three Modes of Extension. https://scispace.com/papers/transitional-disks-as-signposts-of-young-multiplanet-systems-3cln6eqamc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-observed-hole-sizes-and-accretion-rates-of-1w84hh2b.png Table 1 Observed Hole Sizes and Accretion Rates of Transitional Disks https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-of-the-fargo-simulation-1vfklyk1.png Table 2 Parameters of the FARGO Simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-left-while-the-azimuthally-averaged-dust-surface-26w7tm3q.png Figure 5. Left: while the azimuthally averaged dust surface density Σd in our model transitional disk (black solid line) implies optically thick dust everywhere except in two narrow annuli near the outermost planet, taking into account azimuthal asymmetries yields a filling factor, f, (gray solid line) less than unity over a substantial portion of the inner disk. The dotted line denotes the optically thin dust surface density cutoff at 13μm. The filling factor f (r) was computed assuming a gas/small grain mass ratio of 100:1, but realistic gas/grain ratios in planet-forming disks may be much higher (see Section 4.2 and Figure 4). Center: a comparison between the observed SED of GM Aur, shown in gray (Kenyon & Hartmann 1995; Weaver & Jones 1992; Hartmann et al. 2005; Calvet et al. 2005; Pontoppidan et al. 2010), and fluxes produced using our reference multiplanet model. Models consist of an optically thin inner disk (dotted line, but below plot range for GM Aur), an optically thick inner disk meant to represent our dynamical model (dashed line shows best-fit case), and an optically thick outer disk (dot-dashed line). From top to bottom, models have f = 1 (red squares), f = 0.5 (blue triangles), and f = 0.03 (black). Right: a comparison between the observed SED of DoAr 44 (references shown above plus Herbst et al. 1994) and our reference model. From top to bottom, models have f = 1 (red squares), f = 0.5 (blue triangles), and f = 0.1 (black). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-in-this-figure-we-demonstrate-some-of-the-2jvj9evp.png Figure 1. In this figure, we demonstrate some of the degeneracies inherent to modeling of near- and mid-IR excess flux, especially once radial and azimuthal asymmetry are permitted. The left panel shows near- and mid-IR excess fluxes measured for GM Aur with two model SEDs based on different mass distributions (square: Edwards et al. 2006; open circles: Folha & Emerson 19993; filled circles: Espaillat et al. 20104; star: Weaver & Jones 1992; spectrum: Calvet et al. 2005; Pontoppidan et al. 2010).5 Fluxes are de-reddening using AV = 1.2 (Espaillat et al. 2010) and the reddening law of Cardelli et al. (1989). The model mass distributions are shown schematically, and to scale, in the right-hand panels, where gray represents optically thin regions, black represents optically thick regions, and white represents empty regions. The outer disk contribution from R > 20 AU is not shown, but primarily contributes at λ > 13μm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-row-at-20-au-wide-the-hole-in-the-gm-aur-disk-34l5syap.png Figure 3. Top row: at 20 AU wide, the hole in the GM Aur disk is too large to have been cleared by a single planet. Three medium-mass planets, all 3MJ with distances 14.3 AU, 6.3 AU, and 2.7 AU from GM Aur, clear gaps that overlap and form a large hole over the course of 300 orbits of the outer planet (2 × 104 years). Here, we show plots of the disk surface density from orbits 2, 197, and 395 of the FARGO simulation, with the color scale chosen so white regions are optically thin at millimeter wavelengths. The axes show position in the corotating frame, where the outermost planet is at (x, y) = (1, 0). Bottom row: here, we demonstrate that tidal streams can efficiently transport mass through a hole that appears to be optically thin in the near- and mid-infrared. Simulation time points are the same as in the top row, but the color scale is designed so that all white regions are optically thin at 13μm—assuming gas/solid mass ratio of 100, all of the disk’s solid mass is in micron or submicron grains, and κλ,dust = 500 cm2 g−1 for the grains (Ossenkopf et al. 1992). Note how the non-axisymmetric, confined flow pattern produced by the planets keeps most of the hole empty while allowing mass transport through locally optically thick tidal streams. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-scattering-timescale-of-particles-initially-on-3b3wgt4o.png Figure 2. Scattering timescale of particles initially on circular orbits approaches the protostellar disk lifetime for particles more than ∼5 Hill radii from a planet. Here, we plot scattering timescale as a function of distance from the star in a disk containing a planet at 10 AU (vertical dotted line). The high scattering timescales interior to the planet’s orbit demonstrate that some other disk dissipation mechanism must act along with planetary clearing to clean out the inner holes of transitional disks. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-top-row-renderings-of-the-400mm-optical-depth-of-rx62d1od.png Figure 4. Top row: renderings of the 400μm optical depth of our model disk at orbits 197 and 395, here assuming that 80% of the disk’s solid mass is in planetesimals and planet cores that do not contribute to millimeter flux. As in Figure 3, all white regions are optically thin. Bottom row: the 13μm optical depth of our model disk if 80% of the solids have formed pebbles, planetesimals, or planets. After 400 orbits, locally optically thick dust is confined to only about 10% of the hole surface area, yet the inner hole contains about Saturn’s mass in gas and solids. Here, we assume an opacity of κλ = 500 cm2 g−1 for micron/ submicron grains. The total gas/solid mass ratio is still 100. https://scispace.com/papers/translating-xml-web-data-into-ontologies-bxq8uqh1q5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-an-ontology-2q66pa2p.png Fig. 1. An Ontology https://scispace.com/papers/transmission-performance-improvement-using-broadband-2zgwa58qas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-transmission-performance-comparison-a-q-factors-vs-3johrc6y.png Fig. 3. Transmission performance comparison: (a) Q-factors vs. launch power per channel (dBm) at 3333km and (b) Q-factors vs. transmission distance at optimum launch power for different schemes measured for the centre WDM channel 194THz (1545.32nm). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-comparisons-of-a-1st-order-pump-spectra-b-1st-order-1vlanbje.png Fig. 2. Comparisons of: (a) 1st-order pump spectra; (b) 1st-order pump RIN; (c) signal power profiles along the amplifier span. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-coherent-transmission-experiment-setup-in-a-12d1x287.png Fig. 1. (a) Coherent transmission experiment setup in a recirculating loop with 83km DRA span; and different dual order counter-pumped only distributed Raman amplification schemes consisting of a 2nd order 1365nm pump and a 1st order 1455nm pump based on: (b) random fibre laser (RFL) using a FBG; (c) proposed broadband pump and (d) semiconductor laser didoes. https://scispace.com/papers/transmission-event-of-sars-cov-2-delta-variant-reveals-4xe6nv845y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-patient-demographics-vaccine-history-and-symptoms-1lmmv377.png Table 1. Patient demographics, vaccine history, and symptoms https://scispace.com/papers/transmittance-photoplethysmography-with-near-infrared-laser-1ufoy36k55 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flow-diagram-of-the-processing-algorithms-8mv3k5tz.png Figure 3. Flow diagram of the processing algorithms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-absorption-coefficients-of-oxyhaemoglobin-hbo2-and-294pwb31.png Figure 2. Absorption coefficients of oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhaemoglobin (RHb), normalized emission spectra of red and infrared light emitting diodes (LED) and normalized emission spectra of our laser diodes (750 nm and 850 nm). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-pulsation-rate-values-beats-per-minute-bpm-in-b-d-f-w0swi5el.png Figure 7. Pulsation rate values (beats per minute (bpm) in (b), (d), (f), (h)) obtained through two processing algorithms (PA1, PA2) of the raw photoplethysmographic signals (PPG in (a), (c), (e), (f )), in a pig’s mesocolon (a), (b), mesenteric root (c), (d), gastric wall (e), (f ) and aorta artery (g), (h), using the transmittance sensor based on two laser diodes (LD1, LD2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-near-infrared-laser-diode-based-transmittance-drpg7xzu.png Figure 4. The near-infrared laser diode-based transmittance optical sensor. View of the laser diode (LD) and the photodiode (PD) sides of the optical sensor (a). The sensor prototype is inserted in a sterile protection plastic and fixed to a pig’s intra-abdominal viscera (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-values-and-standard-deviations-of-the-pulsation-171hh89x.png Table 1. Mean values and standard deviations of the pulsation rates derived using the second processing algorithm in the intra-peritoneal organs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-raw-transmittance-photoplethysmographic-ppg-signals-1jnupdqp.png Figure 5. Raw transmittance photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals recorded over 10 s intervals in the pig mesocolon (a), mesentery root (b), gastric wall (c) and aorta artery (d), using the laser diodes (LD1 and LD2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-fft-analysis-of-the-raw-transmittance-ux4u3b5b.png Figure 6. FFT analysis of the raw transmittance photoplethysmographic signals recorded over 10 s time intervals in every 5 s in a pig’s mesocolon (a), (b), mesentery root (c), (d), gastric wall (e), (f ) and aorta artery (g), (h), using the laser diodes (LD1 and LD2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-scheme-of-the-whole-measurement-system-for-1wy6qdns.png Figure 1. Scheme of the whole measurement system for photoplethysmography and pulse oximetry. The analysed vascular bed is placed between both sides of the transmittance optical sensor. The laser-diode driver, amplification stages, timing and sample-and-hold circuits constitute the sensor electronics. The data acquisition board (DAQ) and the programs are installed on a personal computer (PC). https://scispace.com/papers/translocation-time-of-periodically-forced-polymer-chains-1utxvqf5c4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-scheme-of-the-oscillating-pushing-force-2lci9j6q.png FIG. 1. Color online Scheme of the oscillating pushing force acting on a polymer chain formed by N monomers. The force drives only a small fraction of the whole chain. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-standard-deviation-left-mean-velocity-3m29weqm.png FIG. 3. Color online Standard deviation left , mean velocity center , and mean difference between the rest distance d0 and the distance of the monomers during the dynamics right related to Fig. 2. The negative values of dmed means that the springs are compressed. The oscillation appears in both the mean velocity and the elongation difference. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-log-plot-of-the-mean-first-passage-time-1cegvapj.png FIG. 2. Color online Log plot of the mean first passage time as a function of frequency of the oscillating force for the damping parameter =1. The minimum and the oscillating behavior is showed in the inset. The thermal noise intensity is D=0.01. The first minimum, which is also the global one, satisfies the very robust condition: m −1=Tm= m, were is a constant. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-mean-first-passage-time-as-a-function-of-14d7mwfq.png FIG. 4. Color online Mean first passage time as a function of frequency of the oscillating force for the damping parameter =1 with various values of the initial phase , namely, =0.01, /4, /2,3 /4,5 /4,3 /2,7 /4. A minimum is always present. Moreover a very strong oscillating behavior appears in the region before the high frequency saturation value. The thermal noise intensity is D=0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-resonant-mfpt-m-vs-resonant-period-tm-for-3lfve1rq.png FIG. 5. Color online Resonant MFPT m vs resonant period Tm for all the case investigated. The data concerns the parameters =0.01,0.1,1 ,10,15,20 and also the overdamped case with N=12. Furthermore, for =1, the different polymer length N=12,18,24,36. All the points lie on the linear relation given by Eq. 9 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-the-minimum-and-the-oscillating-behavior-2ogu8pr1.png FIG. 6. Color online The minimum and the oscillating behavior is present independently on the damping parameter . The figure shows the calculations for different values: 0.5, 1, 10, 20, plotted following the scaling indicated in the legend of the axis. =10 approaches very well the overdamped limit also shown . In the inset we show the curves without scaling. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-color-online-mfpt-as-a-function-of-for-different-2rcmbgg2.png FIG. 7. Color online MFPT as a function of for different values of the polymer length L, namely N=12, 18, 24, 36, and 120. When axis is properly scaled all the original curves shown in the inset superimpose upon each other. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-color-online-stall-force-as-a-function-of-the-2w7kc97b.png FIG. 11. Color online Stall force as a function of the frequency of the oscillating driving for =1. The two minima displayed in Fig. 10 have disappeared, and now only a minimum appears. The other parameters are the same of Fig. 7. The inset shows the mean velocity versus frequency curves for three values of the pull force, Fp=−0.446, −0.450, and −0.454. https://scispace.com/papers/transnational-trafficking-law-enforcement-and-victim-3b3a0mcyvw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-probability-of-trafficking-probit-marginal-effect-2y1idq3r.png Table 6 Probability of Trafficking – Probit Marginal Effect Estimates https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-legislative-economic-demographic-and-labor-force-106w2jo3.png Table 5. Legislative, Economic, Demographic and Labor Force Characteristics https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-1d8i1da6.png Table 1B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-3ctbgqpx.png Table 1B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2b-207yloip.png Table 2B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-15w0c48y.png Table 2B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-list-of-countries-and-status-of-trafficking-2vei1qaz.png Table 4. List of Countries and Status of Trafficking https://scispace.com/papers/transparent-tantalum-cluster-based-uv-and-ir-blocking-jw7u1479h7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-uv-vis-nir-spectra-without-reference-and-photographs-278ut65b.png Fig. 2.(a)UV-vis-NIR spectra (without reference) and photographs of the Ta6@PVP@glass films prepared from Ta6@PVP solutions containg 1, 2, 3 or 4 g of PVP. (b) Thickness of Ta6@PVP@glass films prepared from Ta6@PVP solutions containing 4 g of PVP according the dipping rate. (c) Camera image of Ta6@PVP@glass film obtained after dip-coating of the ethanoic Ta6@PVP solution (4 g of PVP, 160 mm/min). (d) FE-SEM image of the cross section of Ta6@PVP@glassfilm. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-fom-values-and-color-coordinates-of-green-ta6-pvp-bfbn10do.png Table 1. FOM values and color coordinates of green Ta6@PVP@ITO film and electrochromic cell at various voltages. ITO and electrochromic cell without electrolyte are taken as references. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cie-chromaticity-coordinates-of-green-ta6-pvp-ito-film-31i56k49.png Fig. 6. CIE chromaticity coordinates of green Ta6@PVP@ITO film, electrochromic cell at various voltages and references:ITO substrate and empty electrochromic cell (i.e. electrochromic cell without Ta6-basedelectrolyte). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-scheme-of-the-ta6-electrochromic-cell-architecture-s251qglc.png Fig. 4. (a) Scheme of the Ta6 electrochromic cell architecture and (b) photograph of the cell. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-uv-vis-nir-spectra-and-photographs-of-ta6-1gznankk.png Fig. 5. UV-vis-NIR spectra and photographs of Ta6 electrochromic cell under voltage applied between ITO and Pt electrodes. The dashed line corresponds to the empty cell (without Ta6 aqueous solution). https://scispace.com/papers/transparent-nanostructured-cellulose-acetate-films-based-on-2cynd1161g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-water-contact-angle-images-of-a-cta-b-10epe-cta-and-c-sc7foflu.png Fig. 4. Water contact angle images of a) CTA, b) 10EPE/CTA and c) 40EPE/CTA. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-water-vapor-permeability-values-of-cta-and-2sstsb5l.png Table 3 Water vapor permeability values of CTA and investigated EPE/CTA composites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-thermal-degradation-temperatures-for-1-10-and-50-tgasgi7y.png Table 1 Thermal degradation temperatures for 1%, 10% and 50% weight losses (T1%, T10% and T50%) and thermal properties of CTA, EPE and investigated EPE/CTA composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-digital-images-and-uv-vis-transmittance-spectra-of-cta-1i1dcl7d.png Fig. 1. Digital images and UV–vis transmittance spectra of CTA and investigated EPE/CTA composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-tga-and-b-dtg-curves-and-dsc-thermograms-c-from-40-rurcza70.png Fig. 2. a) TGA and b) DTG curves and DSC thermograms c) from 40 to 100 ◦C and d) from 150 to 240 ◦C of CTA, EPE and investigated EPE/CTA composites. https://scispace.com/papers/transport-costs-and-the-geography-of-arbitrage-in-eighteenth-3niloywaru 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-27f3i0ju.png TABLE 1—SUMMARY STATISTICS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-price-variation-within-a-given-year-high-to-low-q0hrsxa6.png FIGURE 2. PRICE VARIATION WITHIN A GIVEN YEAR: HIGH-TO-LOW PRICE RATIO BY TYPE OF REGION https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bilateral-price-correlation-in-relation-to-distance-zorsn4g2.png TABLE 2—BILATERAL PRICE CORRELATION IN RELATION TO DISTANCE AND WEATHER CORRELATION (REGRESSION: PCi , j 5 a 1 bD i , j 1 gWCi , j 1 n i , j) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-price-variation-from-year-to-year-coefficient-of-124l5o1i.png FIGURE 1. PRICE VARIATION FROM YEAR TO YEAR: COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION BY TYPE OF REGION https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-unhulled-grain-per-capita-in-public-granaries-of-1tf98izd.png FIGURE 3. UNHULLED GRAIN PER CAPITA IN PUBLIC GRANARIES OF HUNAN, GUANGDONG, HUBEI, AND GUANGXI PROVINCES, GROUPED BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, EARLY 1800’S https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-local-price-and-weather-31hcnvwx.png TABLE 3—RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL PRICE AND WEATHER: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RIVER/COAST VS. SEMI-INLAND/INLAND PREFECTURES https://scispace.com/papers/transport-via-coupled-states-in-a-c-60-peapod-quantum-dot-57uq04nptm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-zoom-in-on-a-representative-range-of-1cmwc8ac.png FIG. 2. Color online a Zoom in on a representative range of gate-voltages in Fig. 1 b . At positive bias we observe a series of avoided crossings with a line of much lower gate coupling than the main diamond edges. b The same device after suspension. Avoided crossings are seen at both negative and positive bias in the displayed gate range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-and-b-stability-diagram-i-e-conductance-13uaaq5h.png FIG. 1. Color online a and b Stability diagram, i.e., conductance dI /dVsd as a function of source-drain bias Vsd and gate voltage Vg at 300 mK, showing a regular Coulomb blockade diamond pattern with four-electron shell structure throughout the measured gate range. Diamonds are perturbed by a weakly gate-dependent feature superimposed on the entire structure. c Observed avoided crossings over the entire gate-range red rectangles . Black lines are guides to the eye, outlining the edges of the “impurity diamond.” d Sketch of the peapod quantum dot device. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-calculated-stability-diagram-showing-di-3b6be77z.png FIG. 3. Color online a Calculated stability diagram showing dI /dVsd as a function of source-drain bias Vsd and gate-voltage Vg for a gate-voltage range corresponding to the three central diamonds in Fig. 2 a . In the calculation we use the experimental temperature T=300 mK, but neglect tunnel broadening. Therefore all resonances are somewhat sharper than in the experiment. b Model system used in the calculation. The impurity level hybridizes with both CNT subbands amplitude t , but is only tunnel coupled to the source rate i s . Both CNT subbands are coupled with the same rate to source and drain t s= t d . c Sketch of avoided crossings. The capacitances associated with the tube and impurity can be read off from the slope of the resonance lines far from the avoided crossing. https://scispace.com/papers/transportation-system-and-trade-flows-in-port-cities-of-2y2rh0lioc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-results-of-the-extended-gravity-equations-3uih48ag.png Table 1 Estimation results of the extended gravity equations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparison-of-results-with-different-proxies-for-gdp-bdoy41t5.png Table 2 Comparison of results with different proxies for gdp per capita of exporter https://scispace.com/papers/transverse-instability-of-gravity-capillary-solitary-waves-35w9nfh5dh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-convergence-of-energy-e-as-the-number-of-grid-points-q7s04oht.png Table 1: Convergence of energy E as the number of grid points N is varied for different values of the wave speed V in finite depth (D = 2.5) and in deep water (D →∞). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-energy-e-and-instability-growth-rate-l1-of-2hwv1m9t.png Figure 2: Energy E and instability growth rate λ1 of depression gravity–capillary solitary waves as functions of wave speed V . Left column: finite depth (D = 2.5, V0 = 1.402). Right column: infinite depth (D →∞, V0 = √ 2). (a) energy; (b) instability growth rate. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-between-computed-results-and-the-jwrxduwr.png Figure 1: Comparison between computed results (+) and the asymptotic estimates (4.9)–(4.10) (· · · ) for gravity–capillary solitary waves of speed V near the bifurcation point V0 = √ 2 in deep water. (a) energy; (b) instability growth rate λ1. https://scispace.com/papers/transverse-optical-forces-for-manipulating-nanoparticles-3nt2n0h2o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electric-field-distribution-shown-is-the-amplitude-of-3bxj6a1s.png FIG. 2. Electric field distribution (shown is the amplitude of electric field in V/m in logarithmic scale for the incident plane wave with energy flow of 1 W/cm2) on the xz plane in the vicinity of the elliptic silver particle placed in the origin (a) symmetric case with the ellipsoid oriented along the z axis and (b) the long axis of the particle is at 45◦ to the z axis. Parameters of the particle and the incident field are given in the text. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-areas-of-continuous-drift-red-in-the-b-l-plane-for-th-1pfdbxkh.png FIG. 5. Areas of continuous drift (red) in the β-λ plane for θ = π/4 and θ = π/6. The factor a/b = 1/2 (n = 0.1677). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematics-of-the-problem-inhomogeneous-plane-wave-e-g-8t83xjzs.png FIG. 1. Schematics of the problem. Inhomogeneous plane wave, e.g., created by interference of two plane waves or just a surface wave, is incident on a particle that has anizotropic properties. The wave scatters on the particle and in certain conditions it creates scattering optical force with a finite component orthogonal to a wave vector. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-frequency-dependence-of-the-forces-fx-o-f-grad-z-o-and-25o2xilp.png FIG. 4. Frequency dependence of the forces Fx(ω), F (grad) z (ω), and F (sc)z (ω). Red circles, black dotted line, and blue squares show numerically calculated F (sc)z , F (grad) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-scattering-diagram-in-the-xz-plane-for-four-1xtp6a4x.png FIG. 3. Scattering diagram in the xz plane for four orientations of the ellipsoidal silver nanoparticle placed in the origin θ = 0◦ (1), θ = 30◦ (2), θ = 60◦ (3), and θ = 90◦ (4). Other parameters are the same as in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/papers/transverse-oscillations-of-a-double-structured-solar-3w2o76xnac 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-wave-signal-and-corresponding-wavelet-power-spectrum-8kmk6ruv.png Fig. 4. Wave signal and corresponding wavelet power spectrum (left) and the global wavelet spectrum showing the period (right). The red dashed line designates the cone of influence of the wavelet spectrum. The results are shown for three different detection points placed in the axis of the symmetry: see the black circles in Fig. 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sketch-of-the-initial-mass-density-distribution-t-0-5jvdhyd6.png Fig. 1. Sketch of the initial mass density distribution (t = 0) with representative magnetic field lines shown as grey solid lines (left). The black rectangle shows the zoomed area visible in detail in the right part of the figure. The white solid line separates the upper and lower magnetic ropes and the black circles indicate the detection points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-time-evolution-of-the-plasma-density-temperature-32n78wbd.png Fig. 5. Time evolution of the plasma density, temperature, plasma beta parameter, and the ratio of gravity to magnetic pressure along the axis of filament (x = 0 Mm) in log10 scale. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-vertical-profiles-of-the-bx-component-of-magnetic-1upmybfh.png Fig. 2. Vertical profiles of the Bx component of magnetic field (green line), mass density (blue line), and temperature (red line) along the axis of symmetry (x = 0 Mm) in the initial state. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-time-series-of-snapshots-from-the-numerical-simulation-25dhzyb9.png Fig. 3. Time series of snapshots from the numerical simulation. An animation of this figure, showing the whole temporal evolution of the doublefilament, is available online. https://scispace.com/papers/traumatic-brain-injury-among-football-players-in-2017-series-itl4azakd9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-players-photo-showing-tbi-with-later-impact-1m35x8yy.png Figure 1. A, B. Player´s photo showing TBI with later impact seizure, C, D. Intensive Care Unit on the field during medical assessment to remove the player to a hospital https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-traumatic-brain-injury-concerning-1m4uexb8.png Table 1. Characteristics of Traumatic Brain Injury concerning overall events, relation with matches, etiology, cut blunt injury, concussion and players replacement https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-relationship-between-etiology-causes-of-player-1p0z2ciw.png Table 3. Relationship between etiology, causes of player replacements (concussion and non-concussion events) and length of medical assessment after TBI https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relationship-between-etiology-of-concussion-player-3nux7bns.png Table 2. Relationship between etiology of concussion, player replacements and length of medical assessment after TBI https://scispace.com/papers/treated-hiv-infection-alters-phenotype-but-not-hiv-specific-53ypowa514 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-predominant-changes-in-the-nk-cell-repertoire-2046se3j.png FIGURE 4 | The predominant changes in the NK cell repertoire of HIV+ individuals occur in NK cell compartments that do not respond to HIV in in vitro restimulation. (A) UMAP visualization of all NK cells in co-culture with autologous HIV-infected cells in HIV– (n = 10) and HIV+ (n = 10) donors, colored by metacluster identity generated by ConsensusClusterPlus metaclustering. (B) UMAP visualization of all NK cells from the HIV+ and HIV– groups, colored by expression of functional markers CD107a, IFN-γ, MIP-1β, and TNF-α. Scales show asinh-transformed channel values. (C) Heatmap of scaled mean expression of all markers profiled, for each cluster 1 to 10. The abundance of each cluster (% of total cells) is given on the right of the heatmap. Functional markers (CD107a, IFN-γ, MIP-1β, and TNF-α) are on the left. (D) Heatmap of the relative abundance of each cluster between the HIV- (left) and HIV+ (right) groups. Each individual column represents a single donor. The heat represents the proportion of each metacluster in each donor, with yellow showing over-representation and blue showing under-representation. These proportions were first scaled with an arcsine-square-root transformation and then z-score normalized in each cluster. Clusters with a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference in abundance between HIV– and HIV+ groups are highlighted in green; adjusted p-values (FDR) are shown beside it. https://scispace.com/papers/tree-based-group-key-agreement-54dqntzs8w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-communicationandcomputationcosts-ulda1ymq.png Table 1. CommunicationandComputationCosts https://scispace.com/papers/tree-biomass-a-state-of-the-art-compilation-2b54lb8zqw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-total-green-weight-of-aboveground-tree-biomass-on-1i1x3x02.png Table 15.—Total green weight of aboveground tree biomass on commercial forest land https://scispace.com/papers/trellis-coded-modulation-to-improve-dirty-paper-trellis-3rvfxy1duh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-partitioning-of-8-psk-symbols-at-each-partition-1ssh5l49.png Figure 5. Partitioning of 8-PSK symbols. At each partition level, the considered set of symbols is separated into two so that the minimum distance within the resulting subsets is increased (∆1 < ∆2 < ∆3). This results in a binary tree whose leaves are labeled with a 3-bit label. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-channel-coding-with-side-information-about-the-7ti5xqds.png Figure 1. Channel coding with side information about the channel at the encoder: co ∼ N (0,σc), n ∼ N (0,σn) and E[w2] ≤ d. The capacity of this channel is identical to that of an AWGN channel having noise component n only. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-performance-comparison-in-terms-of-ber-and-per-2t6u99t7.png Figure 6. Performance comparison in terms of BER and PER between random and TCM DPTC with synthetic signals and direction quantization embedding. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dirty-paper-8-states-trellis-more-than-two-arcs-elmzqaai.png Figure 3. Dirty paper 8-states trellis: more than two arcs enter/leave from each state, half of them encoding a ‘1’ (bold arc) and the other half a ‘0’ (non-bold arc). Hence, there are alternative paths through the trellis which encode the same message. Depending on the available side information, i.e. the cover Work, one of these paths will be selected for embedding. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-statistics-of-the-mse-with-both-codes-under-study-b30pno4n.png Table 1. Statistics of the MSE with both codes under study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-conventional-8-state-trellis-two-arcs-enter-leave-1hniapb6.png Figure 2. Conventional 8-state trellis: two arcs enter/leave from each state, one encoding a ‘1’ (bold arc) and the other a ‘0’ (non-bold arc). Hence, for a given message m, there is only a single path through the trellis which encodes the desired message. Side information, i.e. the cover Work, has no influence on the message encoding process. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-performances-in-terms-of-mer-and-ber-between-random-d9975feh.png Figure 7. Performances in terms of MER and BER between random and TCM DPTC with real images and iterative embedding . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-trellis-coded-modulation-tcm-a-binary-convolutional-2w9qnrgq.png Figure 4. Trellis coded modulation (TCM): a binary convolutional encoder with rate R = k/(k + 1) is fed at time t with a k-bits binary word xt and a mapping function defines defines which symbol st to emit depending on the (k + 1)-bits encoded output yt. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-activity-and-dissolution-on-ruo2-under-oxygen-4sd8p52qu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-the-faradaic-efficiency-of-ziba2u9c.png Figure 1. Comparison of the Faradaic efficiency of dissolution for Ru-based catalysts in acidic and alkaline electrolyte. The y axis represents the contribution of Ru dissolution to the measured current in the OER region, as a percentage. These values have been extracted from [a] Hodnik et al. for Ru metal, https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-hour-potentiostatic-measurements-at-1-6-vrhe-in-8qwz9hbl.png Figure 3. Two-hour potentiostatic measurements at 1.6 VRHE in 0.05 M H2SO4 a) First stability and c) second stability test for the RuO2 particles, and (111), (101), (110) and (001) surfaces. The insets (b,d) show the amount of Ru dissolved for each sample measured for their respective stability test. e) and f) Evaluation of the activity-stability relationship through the analysis of the average current at 1.6 VRHE obtained from the stability tests as function of the amount of Ru dissolved for e) the first and f) second stability test at 1.6 VRHE, respectively. The squares represented the (001), (101), (111) oriented thin films, the start the (110) single crystal and triangles the commercial RuO2 particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-schematics-of-the-111-110-101-and-001-surface-and-1ceqxs9w.png Figure 2. a) Schematics of the (111), (110), (101) and (001) surface and b) average current density measured the first cyclic voltammogram in 0.05 M H2SO4 over 2 hours for the (001), (111) and (101) oriented thin films and (110) single crystal, as a function of the number of CUS Ru-O bonds per nm2. https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-adsorption-of-noble-gases-he-ne-ar-kr-and-xe-on-pd-293yuiwuwu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-difference-electron-density-n-r-nrg-pd-111-r-npd-40nhr2iv.png FIG. 3. Color Difference electron density, n r =nRG/Pd 111 r −nPd 111 r −nRG-layer r , distributions calculated using the LDA for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe from left to right adatoms on the Pd 111 surface in the 3 structure for RG adatoms in the on-top upper and fcc lower sites. n r is in units of 10−3 e /bohr3 and plotted in the 112̄ plane at the equilibrium geometry. Yellow, gold, and orange cyan, sky blue, and blue indicate regions where the electron density increases decreases . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-induced-dipole-moment-of-rg-adatoms-on-pd-1cajy3ld.png FIG. 4. Color online Induced dipole moment of RG adatoms on Pd 111 in the 3 structure for adsorption in the on-top filled symbols and fcc open symbols sites. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-substrate-work-function-change-rg-and-induced-820l9aib.png TABLE IV. Substrate work function change RG and induced dipole moment RG for the RG/Pd 111 systems in the 3 structure in the fcc and on-top sites. RG and RG are given in eV and Debye, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-color-online-estimated-adsorption-energy-ead-rg-and-2ftrep7y.png FIG. 6. Color online Estimated adsorption energy Ead, RG and induced dipole moment RG of RG adatoms in the on-top sites on Pd 111 in the 3 structure using the electronic polarizability ratio of the free RG atoms. Dashed lines with filled circles indicate the calculated DFT adsorption energies and induced dipole moments. The open circle, square, diamond, triangle-up, and triangle-down symbols indicate results for Ead, RG and RG calculated using the electronic polarizability ratios of the free RG atoms and the DFT results for Ead RG and RG of the He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe adatoms, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-illustration-showing-the-equilibrium-2m5m6yv8.png FIG. 1. Color online a Illustration showing the equilibrium vertical distance between the RG adatom and the Pd 111 surface, dRG-Pd 111 , and the topmost interlayer distance, d12. b Adsorption sites for RG adatoms on Pd 111 in the 3 structure. The indicated adsorption sites are: on-top, fcc, and hcp sites. For a and b , the RG adatoms are indicated by large open circles red , while the filled, hatched, and open small circles in blue, yellow, and white, respectively indicate the Pd atoms in the first topmost surface layer , second, and third substrate layers, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-local-density-of-states-ldos-calculated-667f9hnm.png FIG. 5. Color online Local density of states LDOS calculated with the LDA functional for RG adatoms on Pd 111 in the 3 structure at the equilibrium geometry. The continuous and dashed lines in black and red dark gray indicate RG adatoms in the on-top and fcc sites, respectively. The zero of energy indicates the Fermi level. The numbers in each plot indicate the factor by which the LDOSs have been multiplied in order to be on the same y scale as the Xe total LDOS. “RG tot” indicates the total LDOS, while s, p, and d indicate the decomposition of the LDOS into states with s, p, and d character. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-adsorption-energy-ead-rg-in-mev-of-rg-adatoms-on-pd-19oxuyd2.png TABLE I. Adsorption energy Ead RG in meV of RG adatoms on Pd 111 in the on-top site for the 3 structure. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-adsorption-energy-of-rg-adatoms-on-pd-111-1onjm3in.png FIG. 2. Color online Adsorption energy of RG adatoms on Pd 111 in the 3 structure in the on-top site. An inset is included to show in detail the GGA PBE and PW91 results. The black dashed line diamond symbol indicates estimated experimental results see text for details Refs. 3–5 and 56 . https://scispace.com/papers/trends-in-political-television-fiction-in-the-uk-themes-p3j9lz0f69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-uk-television-fiction-episodes-about-politics-1965-2w70r4o2.png Figure 1. UK television fiction episodes about politics, 1965-2009 https://scispace.com/papers/trends-risk-factors-and-outcomes-of-healthcare-associated-wvcpu59lw5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-main-characteristics-of-patients-2tvt6ndr.png Table I Comparison of main characteristics of patients included in SPIN-UTI su https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-relative-frequency-by-site-of-the-most-numerous-1ozbie2x.png Table III Relative frequency (%) by site of the most numerous isolated micro-organisms in intensive care unit-acquired infection https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-most-frequently-reported-micro-organisms-in-19bpnsjq.png Figure 1. The most frequently reported micro-organisms in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) (per 100 micro-organisms) according to the Italian Nosocomial Infections Surveillance in Intensive Care Units (SPIN-UTI) network. Stippled bars: 2010e11 period; grey bars: 2008e9 period; black bars: 2006e7 period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-comparison-of-infection-indicators-in-the-three-3gg0jthj.png Table II Comparison of infection indicators in the three surveys of the SPIN-UTI project https://scispace.com/papers/trichoscopy-essentials-for-the-dermatologist-1g2ptscwqk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-peri-and-interfollicular-areas-35p9ot1r.png Table 3 Peri- and interfollicular areas https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-male-androgenetic-alopecia-hair-shaft-thickness-2morbkpt.png Figure 1 Male androgenetic alopecia. Hair shaft thickness heterogeneity and predominance of follicular units with only one hair (Dermlite photo®). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-telogen-effluvium-short-regrowing-hair-2wpqkuut.png Figure 4 Telogen effluvium. Short regrowing hair (videodermoscopy, 70 x magnification). Photo courtesy of Prof. Lidia Rudnicka. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-alopecia-areata-exclamation-mark-signs-and-black-2ruagppt.png Figure 3 Alopecia areata. Exclamation mark signs and black dots (Dermlite photo®). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-female-androgenetic-alopecia-significant-20-3ijl9fe0.png Figure 2 Female androgenetic alopecia. Significant (> 20%) diversity of hair shaft diameter. Note also yellow dots. Higher hair density and less variability in the occipital area (B) compared to the frontal area (A) (Dermlite photo®). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-hair-shafts-3ai61wpd.png Table 1 Hair shafts https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-discoid-lupus-erythematosus-characteristic-large-uyjtvuhq.png Figure 8 Discoid lupus erythematosus. Characteristic large yellow dots and arborizing vessels (videodermoscopy, 70 x magnification). Photo courtesy of Prof. Lidia Rudnicka. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-frontal-fibrosing-alopecia-absence-of-follicular-2cop3cba.png Figure 7 Frontal fibrosing alopecia. Absence of follicular openings, predominance of follicular units with only 1 hair, mild perifollicular scaling and perifollicular erythema (Dermlite photo®). https://scispace.com/papers/trimethylsilyl-chloride-promoted-synthesis-of-a-branched-47ssdf18kx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-drugs-and-natural-products-of-a-branched-amine-2s72tu8b.png Fig 1. drugs and natural products of α-branched amine https://scispace.com/papers/tropical-nights-on-the-spanish-mediterranean-coast-1950-2014-3g6ii6814o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-significance-and-sign-of-the-trends-by-station-1ta7l5gx.png Figure 2: Significance and sign of the trends, by station, using series with more than 20, 30 and 40 years of 2 original data for TNF (a, b, c), TN3D (d, e, f), TNFirst (g, h, i), TNLast (j, k, l), TNHS (m, n, o) and TNI (p, 3 q, r). 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-b-study-area-regions-of-valencia-and-murcia-spain-2s5dp6zq.png Figure 1: (a, b) Study area (Regions of Valencia and Murcia – Spain), elevation, regional division and 2 location of all the stations used in the study (black dots). (c) Number of available recording stations over 3 time. 4 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-spatial-distribution-of-tn-length-trends-1950-2014-3jnqecw7.png Figure 6: Spatial distribution of TN length trends (1950–2014) showing the significance by station (a, c, e) 2 and the interpolated rate of change (b, d, f) of TNFirst, TNLast and TNHS, respectively. 3 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-spatial-distribution-of-tn-frequency-trends-1950-pwtwlnjd.png Figure 5: Spatial distribution of TN frequency trends (1950–2014) showing the significance by station (a, c) 2 and the interpolated rate of change (b, d) of TNF and TN3D, respectively. 3 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-spatial-distribution-of-tn-intensity-trends-1950-1gqdpty6.png Figure 7: Spatial distribution of TN intensity trends (1950–2014) showing the significance by station (left) 2 and the interpolated rate of change (right) of TNI. 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-evaluation-statistics-median-values-comparing-20wreesb.png Table 1. Evaluation statistics (median values) comparing observations and their corresponding estimates for 1 minimum temperature: mean absolute error (MAE) (ºC), mean error (ME) (ºC), ratio of means (RM) and 2 Pearson correlation (all correlations are significant at 99%) of monthly linear trends (TC) considering all 3 stations (All), and those with more than 20, 30 and 40 years of original daily observations. Best result for 4 each statistic is highlighted in italics. 5 6 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-mean-annual-values-1950-2014-of-tn-frequency-a-tnf-3b77c1ai.png Figure 4: Mean annual values (1950–2014) of TN frequency: (a) TNF, (b) TN3D; length: (c) TNFirst, (d) 2 TNLast, (e) TNHS; and intensity: (f) TNI. 3 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-kernel-density-estimates-kde-of-mean-error-top-left-3g8lo2y0.png Figure 3: Kernel density estimates (KDE) of mean error (top-left), mean absolute error (top-right) and ratio 2 of means (bottom-left) considering different sets of data series based on the original number of recording 3 years (coloured lines), and annual linear trends comparison (bottom-right). Vertical dashed lines represent 4 median values of the statistic. 5 6 https://scispace.com/papers/tritium-concentrations-in-the-f-and-h-area-seeplines-and-the-4e5oxf32zp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2m7iyvv7.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-1pblsur5.png Figure 12. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-ii-3ogcfikf.png Figure II https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-1nt8ey04.png Figure 16. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-sample-collection-summary-for-h-area-seepline-19l78v5t.png Table 12. Sample Collection Summary for H-Area Seepline Locations 1989-1998 https://scispace.com/figures/figures-5-and-6-schematic-diagram-of-flow-lines-before-and-2aog9l5m.png Figures 5 and 6. Schematic diagram of flow lines before and after closure of seepage basins. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-1jj2pbaf.png Table 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-3lf2yei8.png Figure 7. https://scispace.com/papers/trpv1-as-a-key-determinant-in-ciguatera-and-neurotoxic-b9py5d4vrd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-electrophysiological-tests-of-gambierol-alone-a-and-in-2mrsqh49.png Fig. 2. Electrophysiological tests of gambierol alone (A) and in the presence of capsaicin (B). I–V curve and dose–response of the allosteric effect are shown in, respectively, (C) and (D). (E) Current showing the allosteric effect of gambierol with linoleoyl ethanolamide (NAE 18:2) as endogenous activator. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-structure-of-gambierol-a-and-brevetoxin-b-1n5w609u.png Fig. 1. Structure of gambierol (A) and brevetoxin (B). https://scispace.com/papers/trpm4-protein-expression-in-prostate-cancer-a-novel-tissue-5b4hfekcyv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-trpm4-expression-in-prostate-tissues-at-protein-level-z2n4teqr.png Fig. 2 TRPM4 expression in prostate tissues at protein level. Illustration of the progression of TRPM4 expression from normal tissue through PIN to invasive carcinoma. Immunohistochemical data from observer 1 (left-most columns) and observer 2 (right-most columns) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographic-and-clinical-characteristics-of-614-men-1brawd4s.png Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 614 men who underwent radical prostatectomy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-kaplan-meier-estimated-biochemical-recurrence-free-1edw3u2h.png Fig. 3 Kaplan-Meier estimated biochemical recurrence free survival curves for 576 patients with available biochemical follow-up data. a Patients are stratified into three groups according to observer 1’s records on TRPM4 overexpression in PCa compared to benign tissue and H-scores. b Patients are stratified into three groups according to observer 2’s records on TRPM4 overexpression in PCa compared to benign tissue and H-scores. BR-free survival biochemical recurrence free survival https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-trpm4-immunohistochemistry-in-prostate-tissues-a-tmpm4-1paibho1.png Fig. 1 TRPM4 Immunohistochemistry in prostate tissues. a TMPM4 is only very weakly expressed in secretory epithelium of benign glands, whereas basal cells show a weak to moderate labelling. b Secretory epithelium of high grade PIN glands often shows an upregulation of TRPM4 staining. c Prostate carcinoma with Gleason Score 3+3=6 without TRPM4 expression. Adjacent myocytes of the stroma serve as an internal positive control. d–f Prostate cancer with weak (d), moderate (e) or strong (f) TRPM4 positivity https://scispace.com/papers/truss-optimization-applying-finite-element-limit-analysis-3t71lf0egr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-solution-of-cantilever-beam-case-4-two-load-cases-2ue5lh4j.png Fig. 10 Solution of cantilever beam Case 4 (two load cases) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-domain-boundary-conditions-and-loads-of-column-64fow14h.png Fig. 11 Domain, boundary conditions, and loads of column structure https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-column-structure-case-1-and-2-initial-ground-2pf9sybm.png Fig. 12 Column structure Case 1 and 2, initial ground structure, Ne = 213 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-feasible-solution-domain-for-element-e-shown-in-gray-3qccrdud.png Fig. 2 Feasible solution domain for element e shown in gray. The stress-limit functions are given as functions of ae. Tangent linearization of Pcr is shown as a dotted line, with indication of intersection with Pcr,e https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cantilever-beam-mesh-parameters-number-of-load-cases-287kpl7u.png Table 1 Cantilever beam mesh parameters, number of load cases Nk, objective values V , and number of elements Ne above given threshold of 10−2 ·max(A) for the three types of optimization problems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-solution-of-cantilever-beam-case-2-medium-mesh-with-bihw14cl.png Fig. 8 Solution of cantilever beam Case 2 (medium mesh) with global and local stability, V = 189.3×10−4m3, Ne = 34. Color indication: blue=compression, red=tension https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-cantilever-beam-mesh-parameters-number-of-load-cases-1skvkgfb.png Table 1 Cantilever beam mesh parameters, number of load cases Nk, objective values V , and number of elements Ne above given threshold of 10−2 ·max(A) for the three types of optimization problems https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-solutions-of-cantilever-beam-case-1-coarse-mesh-color-26lqt1ts.png Fig. 7 Solutions of cantilever beam Case 1 (coarse mesh). Color indication: blue=compression, red=tension https://scispace.com/papers/trust-and-normative-control-in-multi-agent-systems-an-1h4cj1gfe3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-configuration-of-parameters-1tvxqkhc.png Table 1 Configuration of parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-results-of-the-experiments-1j3gqefq.png Table 2 The results of the experiments https://scispace.com/papers/trust-management-for-service-composition-in-soa-based-iot-1nhaph4rjn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-utility-of-trust-based-service-composition-vs-ideal-1w09uci8.png Figure 5: Utility of Trust-based Service Composition vs. Ideal and Random Service Composition. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-adjustment-of-against-increasing-malicious-node-1vyj9sph.png Figure 4: Adjustment of 𝝁 against Increasing Malicious Node Population. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-resiliency-against-increasing-malicious-node-3t4soatx.png Figure 3: Resiliency against Increasing Malicious Node Population. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-convergence-behavior-3hdfatlf.png Figure 2: Convergence Behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-user-profile-1bncrjps.png Figure 1: User Profile. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-list-and-default-values-used-37p5pzmx.png Table 1: Parameter List and Default Values Used. https://scispace.com/papers/trust-management-ix-9th-ifip-wg-11-11-international-4ory2k8qr9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-encryption-overhead-on-i-o-latency-396xpvgo.png Fig. 4. Encryption overhead on I/O Latency https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-encryption-overhead-on-i-o-bandwidth-32iqnuv9.png Fig. 3. Encryption overhead on I/O Bandwidth https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-intelligent-protection-provisioning-architecture-in-mmwefunn.png Fig. 2. Intelligent Protection provisioning architecture in Fed4FIRE https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-agent-deployment-performance-in-a-scaled-federated-3lvfga8i.png Fig. 5. Agent Deployment Performance in a Scaled Federated cloud environment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-detailed-design-of-cms-1hlyf3b5.png Fig. 1. Detailed Design of CMS https://scispace.com/papers/tube-dwelling-invertebrates-tiny-ecosystem-engineers-have-3d2lwq3d38 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-five-main-general-research-domains-that-deserve-more-2o74wi6f.png TABLE 3. Five main general research domains that deserve more attention in studies of how tube-dwelling invertebrates affect shallow lake ecosystems. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-pclake-simulations-of-chlorophyll-a-concentrations-1vkvmsfa.png FIG. 6. PCLake simulations of chlorophyll a concentrations (mean of summer half-year after 20 years) as a function of phosphorus loading, for default PCLake settings, and for the inclusion of a filter-feeding invertebrate group (e.g., chironomids). Arrows denote the direction of the hysteresis loop. Note: compared to Fig. 5, the x-axis has a different range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-structure-of-the-ecosystem-model-pclake-including-the-2a0scnc2.png FIG. 4. Structure of the ecosystem model PCLake, including the role of tube-dwelling invertebrates (modified from Janse [2005]). Black arrows with solid lines denote mass fluxes (e.g., food relations), black arrows with dotted lines denote other interactions. Red arrows with solid lines denote mass fluxes and red arrows with dotted lines denote other interactions that should be considered in future studies. Minus sign denotes negative influence (otherwise positive influence). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-pclake-simulations-of-chlorophyll-a-mean-of-summer-3pztx4e4.png FIG. 5. PCLake simulations of chlorophyll a (mean of summer half-year after 20 years) as a function of phosphorus loading for a default lake (medium zoobenthos abundances), a lake with high zoobenthos abundances, and a zoobenthosfree lake. Simulations based on two initial states: a clear-water state and step-wise increase of P load and a turbid state with phytoplankton dominance and step-wise decrease of P load. Other settings were identical with the shallow (2 m depth) default lake (default PCLake settings) and no filter-feeding of zoobenthos. The nitrogen loading was assumed to be always 10 times that of the phosphorus loading. Arrows denote the direction of the hysteresis loop. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-hypothetical-grazing-of-filter-feeders-and-biomasses-1pwjtf4m.png FIG. 2. Hypothetical grazing of filter feeders and biomasses of edible (zooplankton; light gray) and non-edible (tubedwelling invertebrates; dark gray) algae in a eutrophic lake (modified version of the PEG model of Sommer et al. [1986]). The grazing pressure exerted by tube-dwelling invertebrates (dashed line) is much more constant across seasons compared to that of the pelagic zooplankton (solid line), whose abundances show strong seasonal fluctuations causing, e.g., a clear-water phase caused in combination with nutrient limitation and sedimentation. https://scispace.com/papers/tuberculosis-case-management-and-treatment-outcome-3o58bks1a2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-outcomes-of-treatment-by-type-of-health-facility-32bk6vji.png Table 6. Outcomes of treatment by type of health facility providing DOTS services (n = 492) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-type-of-tb-disease-patients-diagnosis-by-type-3reftgkz.png Table 4. Type of TB disease (patient’s diagnosis) by type facility attended https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-activities-perform-by-health-facility-in-tb-program-3vo3eg1o.png Table 2. Activities perform by health facility in TB program by type of facility https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-method-of-patients-diagnosis-for-ptb-by-type-of-bn5h1ip4.png Table 3. Method of patient’s diagnosis for PTB by type of facility in the selected LGAs (n = 489) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-availability-tb-resources-by-type-of-facility-2m2gil6i.png Table 1. Availability TB resources by type of facility https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-tb-management-practices-among-public-and-private-1yxw9ptu.png Table 5. TB management practices among public and private health facilities https://scispace.com/papers/tumor-biology-of-vestibular-schwannoma-a-review-of-32k8a6t3h0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-research-on-targeted-therapy-28d16pph.png TABLE 2. Summary of research on targeted therapy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-merlin-activation-cell-to-cell-adhesions-and-cd44-39sasf7f.png FIG. 3. Merlin activation. Cell-to-cell adhesions and CD44 activate MYPT1, which dephosphorylates merlin resulting in a closed and active protein conformation. Conversely, integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases activate Pak, which phosphorylates merlin, inducing an open and inactivated confirmation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sequential-t1-weighted-gadolinium-enhanced-magnetic-23dx42fw.png FIG. 1. Sequential T1-weighted gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans of a fast-growing sporadic VS. This tumor more than doubled in volume from 4.25 ml (A) to 11.75 ml (B) in less than 10 months causing compression of the brainstem. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-merlin-structure-merlin-has-three-structural-sections-37udvg4h.png FIG. 2. Merlin structure. Merlin has three structural sections: the N-terminal FERM domain followed by a coil-coil domain and a carboxylterminal domain. Dephosphorylation of merlin at amino acid Serine 518 causes the protein to fold and become active. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nf2-mutations-in-sporadic-vss-11bhv3ke.png TABLE 1. NF2 mutations in sporadic VSs https://scispace.com/papers/tumor-de-celulas-gigantes-de-femur-distal-com-metastases-to5ns6v8g9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tc-torax-de-alta-resolucao-com-contraste-endovenoso-25jhs05v.png Fig. 3 – TC tórax de alta resolução com contraste endovenoso. Linfangite, múltiplos nódulos e micronódulos extensamente disseminados no parênquima pulmonar, bilateralmente, de forma realtivamente simétrica, acometendo predominantemente as extremidades distais vasculares; massa no pulmão esquerdo https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-radiografi-a-de-torax-a-incidencia-posteroanterior-b-251a78e8.png Fig. 2 – Radiografi a de tórax. A: incidência posteroanterior. B: incidência lateral esquerda. Visualiza -se infi ltrado intersticial difuso e assimétrico e massas bilaterais, massa medindo aproximadamente 6 centímetros no terço médio do pulmão esquerdo e 3,5 centímetros na base do pulmão direito https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-rmn-cortes-axiais-antes-e-apos-a-aplicacao-endovenosa-15as3qql.png Fig. 6 – RMN, cortes axiais antes e após a aplicação endovenosa de gadolíneo, com discreta impregnação da lesão https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-he-200x-grupamento-de-celulas-tumorais-tendo-de-21f38qqs.png Fig. 7 – HE 200×. Grupamento de células tumorais, tendo de permeio células gigantes multinucleadas (setas) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-radiografi-a-de-joelho-realizada-em-2007-para-controlo-23mqsjz8.png Fig. 1 – Radiografi a de joelho realizada em 2007, para controlo após ressecção do tumor no fémur distal, evidencia cavidade preenchida por cimento ósseo, sem outras alterações https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-ressonancia-magnetica-nuclear-do-joelho-esquerdo-a-t2-2lw6hm8e.png Fig. 4 – Ressonância magnética nuclear do joelho esquerdo. A: T2 axial. B: T1 axial. Presença de cavidade cirúrgica tamponada com cimento ósseo no côndilo medial do fémur. Junto da borda superoposterior da cavidade cirúrgica observamos área com alteração de sinal, com baixo sinal em T1 (B) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-rnm-cortes-sagitais-presenca-de-cavidade-cirurgica-355gfd5y.png Fig. 5 – RNM, cortes sagitais. Presença de cavidade cirúrgica tamponada com cimento ósseo no côndilo medial do fémur. Junto à borda superoposterior da cavidade cirúrgica observamos área com alteração de sinal, com baixo sinal em T1 (B) https://scispace.com/papers/tumor-perfusion-increases-during-hypofractionated-short-1vwkpgfli4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-between-a-perfusion-ct-image-on-a-pre-1506sl5r.png Fig. 1. Comparison between a perfusion-CT-image on a pre-treatment (left) and post-trea pre-contrast CT-images, the lower row the Ktrans maps of the muscle and tumor tissue re scan compared to the pre-treatment scan. In contrast, muscle tissue presented with sim https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-histogram-of-the-ktrans-values-within-the-tumor-for-g2iedxwz.png Fig. 3. Histogram of the Ktrans values within the tumor for all of the included patients on the pre-treatment scan (dark boxes) and post-treatment scan (light boxes). The bars represent the mean and the error-bars the standard deviation of the Ktrans estimates within the bin. Note the increase of the number of voxels within the bins with a higher Ktrans value (>0.4) after pre-operative treatment with shortcourse hypofractionated radiotherapy, indicating an increase of tumor perfusion after radiotherapy treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-median-pharmacokinetic-parameters-2nkfua16.png Table 1 Overview of the median pharmacokinetic parameters, Ktrans, ve and vp, in tumor and muscle tissues both pre- and post-treatment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-scatterplots-showing-the-median-ktrans-ve-and-vp-1yf04z4d.png Fig. 2. Scatterplots showing the median Ktrans, ve and vp values within tumor and muscle tissues at the perfusion-CT-scans before (pre) and after (post) radiotherapy treatment. Each dot represents the median value of the pharmacokinetic parameter of one patient. Note the increase of Ktrans within the tumor after treatment, whereas the median Ktrans values of muscle tissue outside of the irradiated volume remained stable. https://scispace.com/papers/tumoral-calcinosis-of-the-cervical-spine-in-a-dialysis-5b25b6f2o0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-t1-weighted-mr-images-with-fat-suppression-after-8fhh17qi.png Fig. 2 – T1-weighted MR images with fat suppression after Gadolinium administration (A, B) and T2-weighted MR images (C, D) show a mass involving the right C3–C5 facet joints and the paraspinal soft tissue with slight penetration into the spinal canal. The lesion is hypointense in both T1- and T2-weighted images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-coronal-reconstruction-of-ct-images-performed-two-2zcame2m.png Fig. 4 – (A) Coronal reconstruction of CT images performed two months after the surgery shows no recurrence of the resected cyst; the right C3/C3 and C4/C5 facet joints are involved by amorphous soft tissue mass with a minor paraspinal extension. (B) Coronal reconstruction of CT images performed eight months after the surgery shows bony erosion of the right C3/C4 and C4/C5 facet joints without any neighbouring pathological mass. (C) Sagittal reconstruction of CT images performed eight months after the surgery shows degenerative discs disease, anterior dislocation of C3, sclerotic appearance of the C4 vertebral body and a kyphotic deformity of the cervical spine. (D) Lateral cervical roentgenogram performed three months after the surgery of C3–C6 segment shows reconstitution of cervical lordosis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-intraoperative-photograph-demonstrating-the-cystic-1l46jj2f.png Fig. 3 – (A) Intraoperative photograph demonstrating the cystic tumor and exudation of a white chalky liquid from the incised capsule. (B) Calcifications (arrows) and multinucleated giant cells in the cyst wall (staining with hematoxylin and eosin, microphotographs x10). C: macrophages in the cyst wall (immunohistochemical staining for CD68 antigen, microphotographs T20). https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-laser-efect-in-asn-a-neodymium-activated-strontium-1l92wim98o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-absorption-spectra-at-4k-of-d-in-asn-srl-xndxmgxa1-2-1fpzj33n.png Fig. 1. Absorption spectra at 4K of ~ d ~ + in ASN (Srl-xNdxMgxA1~2-x019) a) x = 0.2 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-tuning-curves-of-the-asn-laser-pumping-source-ar-laser-1m6gw8q6.png Fig. 3. Tuning curves of the ASN laser (pumping source: Ar+ laser (514.5 nm)) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-output-power-of-the-asn-laser-as-a-function-of-the-2qx24o0i.png Fig. 2. Output power of the ASN laser as a function of the pump power at 514.5 nm ( crystal https://scispace.com/papers/tunable-plexcitonic-nanoparticles-a-model-system-for-cm3vjw2ko7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-plexcitonic-nanoparticle-formation-self-assembly-of-24476onk.png Figure 1. Plexcitonic nanoparticle formation: Self-assembly of dye molecules on Ag NPs. (a) Schematic representation of the selfassembly process. (b) Extinction spectra of Ag NPs and 0.1 mM TDBC in aqueous solution. Localized plasmon resonance of the Ag NPs is at around 600 nm. The broad absorbance peak at around ∼513 nm is a TDBC monomer spectrum, and the sharp absorbance peak at around ∼587 nm originates from the aggregated TDBC molecules. (c) Extinction spectrum of plexcitonic nanoparticles formed by selfassembly of individual TDBC molecules on Ag NPs in aqueous solution. Two new polariton branches are formed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-tunable-plexcitonic-nanoparticles-a-extinction-12wroyz7.png Figure 2. Tunable plexcitonic nanoparticles. (a) Extinction spectra of Ag NPs synthesized with varying concentrations of TDBC molecules. The amount of TDBC molecules in the Ag NPs solution increases from sample 1 to 6. The TDBC concentration is 0.1 mM, and the volume of the dye varies. (b) Rabi splitting energy increases with the concentration of TDBC. As the concentration of dye molecules increases, a transition from weakly coupling to ultrastrong coupling regime is observed. (c) Extinction spectra of sample 4 as a function of time; each spectrum is taken after ∼2 min. (d) Plot of extinction at 587 nm vs time for sample 4. As clearly shown in the figure, in less than a few minutes the plexcitonic nanoparticles are directly formed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-b-transient-absorption-spectra-of-sample-3-for-ne226dct.png Figure 6. (a, b) Transient absorption spectra of sample 3 for varying time delays. UPB and LPB are selectivelly excited as indicated by a vertical dotted line corresponding to the central wavelength of the pump pulses. Sample 3 has the lowest Rabi splitting energy, which is less than 200 meV, among the samples studied here. A linear absorption spectrum of the same sample is given in Figure 2a. Decay curves of the bleach signals pumped at the (c) UPB and (d) LPB. As the coupling strength increases, the samples demonstrate a longer lifetime for both upper and lower bleach signals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ultrafast-energy-transfer-between-excitons-and-2mhgpzn4.png Figure 5. Ultrafast energy transfer between excitons and plasmons in tunable plexcitonic nanoparticles. Transient absorption spectra of plexcitonic nanoparticles,: (a, b) sample 6, (c, d) sample 5, and (e, f) sample 4 for varying time delays. The polaritonic branches are selectively excited for each sample, as indicated by a vertical dotted line corresponding to the central wavelength of the pump pulses. Linear absorption spectra of the samples are given in Figure 2a. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-plexcitonic-nanoparticle-formation-with-very-low-3mb376zm.png Figure 4. Plexcitonic nanoparticle formation with very low TDBC concentration, 1 × 10−5 M. (a) Absorbance of a 1 × 10−5 M TDBC solution. The broad absorbance resonance at around 513 nm indicates that all TDBC molecules are in the monomer form. (b) Extinction spectra of the plexcitonic nanoparticles synthesized by adding varying volumes of 1 × 10−5 M TDBC solution in microliters. Rabi splitting energy increases as the volume of dye added to the Ag NP solution is increased. It is apparent from the spectra that individual TDBC molecules aggregate on the Ag NPs and form plexcitonic nanoparticles. (c, d) The maximum absorption wavelength of aggregated TDBC molecules on Ag NPs is modified with respect to the optical absorption (∼587 nm) in Ag NP-free solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-electrodynamics-simulations-of-tunable-plexcitonic-22e0wai2.png Figure 3. Electrodynamics simulations of tunable plexcitonic nanoparticles. (a) Extinction spectra of a single Ag NP with varying J-aggregate film thickness computed using COMSOL. The J-aggregate film thickness ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 nm. The Rabi splitting energy, the separation between the polaritonic branches, increases with the dye film thickness. (b) Calculated Rabi splitting energy values from the extinction spectra in (a). Notably, the Rabi splitting energy increases with the J-aggregate film thickness, which is in close agreement with the experimental results shown in Figure 2. (c) Distribution of the calculated electric field on the single plexcitonic nanoparticle for three different incident wavelengths: (1) 579 nm, (2) 595 nm, and (3) 635 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/tuneable-reduction-of-cymantrenylboranes-to-diborenes-or-3ef24i73ly 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-homo-of-3iipr-b-c-and-d-deformation-density-plots-i9kmqrrd.png Figure 4. (a) HOMO of 3IiPr. (b), (c) and (d) Deformation density plots of the three main bonding configurations contributing to the total orbital interactions in the EDA-NOCV description of 3IiPr from (NHC)2 and BCym fragments. Charge flows from red to blue. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-selected-resonance-forms-of-3nhc-mn-mn-co-3-b-37bhqc0w.png Figure 3. (a) Selected resonance forms of 3NHC. [Mn] = Mn(CO)3. (b) Crystallographically-derived structure of 3IiPr. Atomic displacement ellipsoids at 50% probability. Ellipsoids of ligand periphery and hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°): B1–C9 1.572(5), B1–C18 1.567(5), B1–C1 1.491(5), C1–C2 1.466(5), C2–C3 1.420(5), C3–C4 1.420(5), C4–C5 1.428(5), C5–C1 1.452(5), Mn1···C1 2.530(4), Mn···Cpplane, 1.837, Mn–CCO 1.766(4)–1.795(4), torsion (C9,B1,C1,C5) 6.2(6), (N1,C9,B1,C1) 57.2(5), (N4,C18,B1,C1) 50.0(5). (c) Calculated Mulliken charges for 3IiPr. iPr methyl groups omitted for clarity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-crystallographically-derived-molecular-structures-1lrtsibn.png Figure 2. Crystallographically-derived molecular structures of trans-2IMe (left) and cis-2IiPr (right). Atomic displacement ellipsoids at 50% probability. Ellipsoids of ligand periphery and hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°) for trans-2IMe: B1–B1' 1.588(3), B1–C1 1.570(2), B1–C9 1.591(2), Mn···Cpplane 1.784, Mn–CCO 1.7845(16)–1.7909(17), Σ∠B1 360.0(2), torsion (C1,B1,B1',C9') 0.8(2), (C2,C1,B1,B1') 6.4(3), (N2,C9,B1,B1') –74.8(2); for cis-2IiPr: B1–B1' 1.591(6), B1–C1 1.583(4), B1–C9 1.596(4), Mn···Cpplane, 1.777, Mn–CCO 1.777(3)–1.788(4), Σ∠B1 359.8(2), torsion (C1,B1,B1',C1') –3.3(6), (C9,B1,B1',C9') –14.5(4), (C5,C1,B1,B1') 26.2(6), (N1,C9,B1,B1') 63.7(5). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-various-outcomes-for-the-reduction-of-lbx2y-30pt4r04.png Figure 1. Various outcomes for the reduction of LBX2Y, depending on the sterics and electronics of L and Y. L, L' = Lewis bases, X = halide or triflate, Y = anionic substituent. https://scispace.com/papers/tuning-particle-particle-interactions-to-control-pickering-49r1rqd19k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-oil-in-water-emulsions-all-comprising-4-w-v-vgz42fn6.png Figure 1. Oil-in-water emulsions all comprising 4% (w/v) particles at pH 3.0 (a) and 7.0 (b). pH 3.0: (A) SP particles, ϕo = 0.7; (B) SP, ϕo = 0.3; (C) SP-SA, ϕo = 0.7; (D) SP-SA, ϕo = 0.3. (E) to (H) same as (A) to (D), but at pH 7.0 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-clsm-pictures-of-pickering-emulsions-pho-0-8-with-4-3phwgrn6.png Figure 2. CLSM pictures of Pickering emulsions (ϕo = 0.8) with 4% SP-SA (w/v) particles at pH 3.0 (a) and 7.0 (b). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gravimetric-analysis-of-collected-material-after-3r138r5s.png Table 2. Gravimetric analysis of collected material after filtration experiments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-remaining-aqueous-phase-after-the-filtration-of-3e3a8hww.png Figure 8. a) Remaining aqueous phase after the filtration of oil droplets, b) collected oil droplets and particles, c) re-dispersion of collected material (oil + particles) in oil phase and d) stabilization of emulsion using recovered particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dark-field-optical-microscopy-micrographs-showing-26i2tyaz.png Figure 3. Dark field optical microscopy micrographs showing oil droplets, as a function of oil content ϕo, at pH 3.0 (left column) and 7.0 (right column), for SP (a to d), and SP-SA (e to h) particles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-filtration-of-pickering-emulsions-prepared-at-ph-3-3h21jfr8.png Figure 7. Filtration of Pickering emulsions prepared at pH 3.0 with 4% particles: a-c) emulsions prepared with pristine SP particles with oil content o = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, respectively; d-f) same as (a-c), but with sodium alginate modified particles (SP-SA). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-number-average-diameter-d-of-oil-droplets-as-a-gf7omaej.png Figure 4. Number average diameter d of oil droplets as a function of oil volume fraction ϕo, for both SP and SP-SA particles, at pH 3.0 and pH 7.0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-storage-g-and-loss-modulus-g-as-a-function-of-time-32bc9ni9.png Figure 5. Storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″) as a function of time (t) at 20 ˚C, for concentrated emulsions (ϕo = 0.8 and 4% (w/v) particles) at pH 3.0 (a) and 7.0 (b). All tests were performed at = 1 rad/s, 0 = 1%. https://scispace.com/papers/tunneling-dynamics-between-superconducting-bound-states-at-4le4upurde 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-direct-vs-thermal-shiba-shiba-tunneling-a-i-v-spectrum-dmye1fuf.png FIG. 2: Direct vs. thermal Shiba-Shiba tunneling. a, I (V ) spectrum of Shiba-Shiba tunneling measured at 10 mK. e blue arrows mark the peaks for direct Shiba-Shiba tunneling at eV = ±(εt + εs). b, I (V ) spectrum of Shiba-Shiba tunneling measured at 1 K. e red arrows mark the peaks for thermal Shiba-Shiba tunneling at eV = ±|εt − εs | (blue arrows: direct Shiba-Shiba peaks). c, Direct Shiba-Shiba tunneling process. e spectral functions in tip and sample are shi ed by the bias voltage eV = εt + εs. e system starts in the ground state (|00〉). Tunneling of an electron leaves both tip and sample in an excited state (|11〉). is is illustrated in the energy diagrams (insets). d, ermal Shiba-Shiba tunneling: e spectral functions in tip and sample are shi ed by the bias voltage eV = |εt − εs |. e system starts in a thermally excited state (|10〉). ermally activated tunneling e ectively transfers a quasiparticle across the junction (|01〉). e grey dashed line denotes zero energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-tunneling-between-yu-shiba-rusinov-states-a-schematic-3q5ra2iq.png FIG. 1: Tunneling between Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states. a, Schematic of the voltage-biased tunnel junction showing a YSR state at the tip apex over an intrinsic YSR state at the V(100) surface. b, Topographic image of the V(100) surface. c, Current map of the same area as in b at a bias voltage just below 2(∆t +∆s). YSR states show up as bright spots. d, Di erential conductance spectra at low conductance at 10 mK. Blue: YSR state on the sample and clean (i. e. no YSR state) superconducting tip. e peaks inside the superconducting gap at ±(εs + ∆t) are due to conventional YSR tunneling. Red: YSR state on the tip and clean sample. Yellow: A YSR state on the tip and another YSR state on the sample. e pair of sharp peaks inside the shaded region at eV = ±(εs + εt) are Shiba-Shiba tunneling peaks. Gray: clean tip and clean sample, where coherence peaks at eV = ±(∆t + ∆s) and a clean gap in between can be seen. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tunneling-dynamics-a-e-ective-picture-of-the-tunneling-kzd404mq.png FIG. 4: Tunneling Dynamics. a, E ective picture of the tunneling and relaxation processes, which shows the relation of the tunnel coupling γe to the relaxation channels Γs,t. b, Conductance dependency of direct Shiba-Shiba current peak area. e linear to sublinear transition is clearly visible at around 10−8G0. e lines indicate linear (dash-dot) and square root (dashed) behavior. c, e evolution of the direct Shiba-Shiba current peak with di erent normal state tunneling conductances. e upper two panels are in the sublinear regime, while the lower two panels are in the linear regime. e lowest panel is measured close to the current detection limit of ≈ 0.5 fA. https://scispace.com/papers/turbo-packet-combining-for-relaying-schemes-over-2r90f7d9tn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-hybrid-turbo-packet-combining-vcm8wy91.png TABLE I HYBRID TURBO PACKET COMBINING https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-equivalent-st-bicm-diagram-for-multirelay-cooperative-3d1ccm08.png Fig. 3. Equivalent ST-BICM diagram for multirelay cooperative ARQ systems operating under the framework of protocol II. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bler-performance-for-cc-35-23-8-qpsk-l-3-equal-energy-2q46u1m6.png Fig. 8. BLER performance for CC (35, 23)8, QPSK, L = 3 equal energy paths, lSRDF = lSRAF = 0.5, and path-loss exponent κ = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-bler-performance-for-convolutional-code-cc-35-23-8-1zwgoqxs.png Fig. 7. BLER performance for convolutional code (CC) (35, 23)8, QPSK, L = 3 equal energy paths, lSRDF = lSRAF = 0.5, and path-loss exponent κ = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-bler-performance-of-modified-selective-df-relaying-1c1ym6a5.png Fig. 9. BLER performance of modified selective DF relaying scheme for CC (35, 23)8, QPSK, L = 3 equal energy paths, lSR = 0.3, and path-loss exponent κ = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-outage-probability-and-b-outage-based-transmit-power-3uxiszgl.png Fig. 4. (a) Outage probability and (b) outage-based transmit power loss (in decibels) versus lSR for MS = MR = MD = 2, K = 2, L = 3, SNRSD = 3 dB, and path-loss exponent κ = 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-summary-of-memory-and-cms-uyk32fqr.png TABLE II SUMMARY OF MEMORY AND CMS https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-example-of-memory-and-cm-requirements-m-2-n-k-k-t-1tq7h1mf.png TABLE III EXAMPLE OF MEMORY AND CM REQUIREMENTS, M = 2, N(k) = k, T = 258 AND Nit = 3 https://scispace.com/papers/turkish-support-to-kyoto-protocol-a-reality-or-just-an-375rwov8ms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-total-ghg-emissions-in-turkey-in-million-tones-of-2g366ivj.png Table 1. Total GHG emissions in Turkey (in million tones of CO2 equivalent) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-total-ghg-emissions-in-turkey-by-sector-in-million-29ebc924.png Table 2. Total GHG emissions in Turkey by sector (in million tones of CO2 equivalent) https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-carbon-dioxide-emissions-by-countries-2006-1e32gxkr.png Table 6. Carbon dioxide emissions by countries (2006) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-official-estimates-of-the-changes-in-emissions-with-3rvo3kla.png Table 5. Official estimates of the changes in emissions with measures (in 1000 metric tons of carbon equivalent) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-evolution-of-world-greenhouse-gas-emissions-over-1tr59a4h.png Figure 2. Evolution of world greenhouse gas emissions over the coming decades* https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-shares-of-world-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-2005-2l8en7xq.png Figure 1. Shares of world greenhouse gas emissions in 2005* https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-official-estimates-of-the-changes-in-emissions-jtfilg34.png Table 4. Official estimates of the changes in emissions without measures (in 1000 metric tons of carbon equivalent) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-national-co2-emissions-with-without-measures-2hewsyuq.png Figure 4. National CO2 emissions with/without measures scenarios https://scispace.com/papers/twelve-months-of-air-quality-monitoring-at-ash-meadows-39xbyx1ywa 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-two-rack-mounted-teom-r-continuous-particulate-sdjglmth.png Figure 4. Two rack mounted TEOM ® continuous particulate matter (PM) monitors in the mobile shelter, PM2.5 to the left, PM10 to the right. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-pm10-gray-and-pm2-5-black-gravimetric-data-as-3gadqt8g.png Figure 10. PM10 (gray) and PM2.5 (black) gravimetric data as measured on Teflon ® filters, collected on a 1-in-12 day schedule, for 14 individual sampling days. Sample labels include the sample numbers, sampling dates, and particulate size cut. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-hysplit-backward-trajectory-model-showing-airflow-ritlsm11.png Figure 11. Hysplit backward trajectory model showing airflow from California towards Ash Meadows NWR for the August 27-29 period, coinciding to reported large wildfires in Los Angeles County during that period. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-chemical-and-normative-mineral-compositions-for-xa53qh20.png Table 9. Chemical and normative mineral compositions for summer and fall 2009 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-chemical-measurements-combined-as-silicate-oxides-1f5v51d7.png Figure 12. Chemical measurements combined as silicate oxides, minor metal oxides, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, gypsum, halite, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), for PM10 and associated PM2.5 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-chemical-and-normative-mineral-compositions-for-1bs07a9d.png Table 10. Chemical and normative mineral compositions for fall 2009 samples. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-pm10-and-pm2-5-gravimetric-results-measured-24z3jqqx.png Table 3. Average PM10 and PM2.5 gravimetric results measured at Ash Meadows NWR, by TEOM ® continuous monitors, as well as US EPA National Ambient Air Quality https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-chemical-and-normative-mineral-compositions-for-qz9yrals.png Table 11. Chemical and normative mineral compositions for fall 2009, winter 2009/10 and spring 2010 samples. https://scispace.com/papers/turning-groups-inside-out-a-social-network-perspective-tzny9uvhze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-learning-relations-after-11-weeks-for-ug3-layout-mps0gggj.png Figure 2 Learning relations after 11 weeks for UG3 (layout based upon group division) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-social-relations-within-and-outside-groups-pre-vs-1bvtdqmq.png Table 1 Social relations within and outside groups (pre- vs. post measurement). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-learning-relations-at-day-1-for-ug3-layout-based-3paaze5o.png Figure 1 Learning relations at day 1 for UG3 (layout based upon group division) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-academic-performance-across-four-modules-by-gender-ki8a776i.png Table 2 Academic performance across four modules by gender https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-academic-performance-inter-group-learning-and-26tokziy.png Figure 3 Academic performance, inter-group learning and amount of relations https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-matrix-of-gender-cultural-dimensions-t91qqz2d.png Table 3 Correlation Matrix of gender, cultural dimensions, social network E-I relations at M1 and M2, and academic performance. https://scispace.com/papers/twisting-arms-and-sending-messages-terrorist-tactics-in-37vrcrb4ag 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-typology-of-hard-and-soft-targets-2etz967v.png Table II: Typology of hard and soft targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-regression-for-proportions-hard-and-soft-targets-ibnf6lck.png Table V: Regression for proportions, hard and soft targets https://scispace.com/figures/table-ib-terrorist-group-ideologies-by-goals-a-and-audience-28hrh45q.png Table IB: Terrorist group ideologies by goals (A) and audience (B), ordered alphabetically https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-negative-binomial-regression-terrorist-attacks-4t3b3w4g.png Table IV: Negative Binomial Regression. Terrorist attacks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-of-proportion-of-hard-targets-k1q08iwn.png Figure 2: Distribution of proportion of hard targets https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-bargaining-weak-vs-strong-rebels-and-conventional-37a0p7vs.png Figure 1: Bargaining, weak vs strong rebels and conventional military strategy m vs. terrorist strategy t https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-marginal-effects-on-predicted-attacks-by-troop-1rbgquei.png Figure 3: Marginal effects on predicted attacks by troop ratio (top), PTS (middle), and media freedom (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-propositions-measures-and-expectations-1g5lybak.png Table III: Summary of propositions, measures, and expectations Proposition Measure Expectation https://scispace.com/papers/two-aspects-of-optimum-csk-communication-spreading-and-3lptxbsg1k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-three-examples-of-deformed-circular-maps-and-their-2uhq4vc5.png Fig. 1. Three examples of deformed circular maps and their invariant densities. (a): Map for r = 0.1, (b): map for r = 0.42, (c): map for r = 0.8, (d): density for r = 0.1, (e): density for r = 0.42, (f): density for r = 0.8. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-simulation-of-pbcs-from-the-unit-circle-of-centre-0-0-28x4y39v.png Fig. 4. Simulation of PBCS from the unit circle of centre (0, 0) for spreading length N = 20 , N = 50 and N = 1000 . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-simulated-ber-of-tent-logistic-circular-and-deformed-1tvcw8jl.png Fig. 3. Simulated BER of tent, logistic, circular and deformed circular (r = 0.42) spreading for two values of spreading factor N . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-dashed-line-plot-of-lag-1-of-mean-adjusted-quadratic-2ef0fqvw.png Fig. 2. Dashed line: Plot of lag(1) of mean-adjusted quadratic ACF of deformed circular family versus its deforming parameter r. Solid line: Fréchet lower bound of lag(1) of mean-adjusted quadratic ACF for the class of spreading sequences with invariant density given by (5). https://scispace.com/papers/two-axis-bend-measurement-with-bragg-gratings-in-multicore-mczdsoii5g 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-measured-curvature-for-set-values-on-a-0-1887-m21-grid-n0mc1i4q.png Fig. 4. Measured curvature for set values ± on a 0.1887-m21 grid: increasing 1 and decreasing D curvature. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-measured-wavelength-difference-versus-applied-ba13wnyf.png Fig. 3. Measured wavelength difference versus applied curvature for X-axis and Y-axis bending with a linear least-squares f it (return points D): (a) core pairing i, j 1, 2; (b) core pairing i, j 2, 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-experimental-configuration-used-for-f0ys5u7g.png Fig. 2. Schematic of experimental configuration used for curvature measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-cleaved-face-of-a-multicore-fiber-b-c-d-unstrained-35xuaa2h.png Fig. 1. (a) Cleaved face of a multicore fiber; (b), (c), (d) unstrained FBG ref lection spectra for cores 1, 2, and 3, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/two-bit-overlap-a-class-of-double-error-correction-one-step-69u3cfprlp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-power-synthesis-results-mw-comparison-for-2nv2k1co.png TABLE 4 POWER SYNTHESIS RESULTS (mW) COMPARISON FOR UNPROTECTED MEMORIES AND PROTECTED BY DIFFERENT OPTIONS https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-area-comparison-for-different-size-in-words-of-1wq3m7ld.png Figure 4 Area comparison for different size (in words) of SRAMs with k=1024 employing different ECCs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-area-comparison-for-different-size-in-words-of-1pblgl6v.png Figure 3 Area comparison for different size (in words) of SRAMs with k=256 employing different ECCs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-majority-logic-decoding-parameters-of-tbo-codes-86qx2eus.png TABLE 6 MAJORITY LOGIC DECODING PARAMETERS OF TBO CODES https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-power-comparison-for-different-size-in-words-of-2a61zn64.png Figure 5 Power comparison for different size (in words) of SRAMs with k=256 employing different ECCs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-power-comparison-for-different-size-in-words-of-256gycvf.png Figure 6 Power comparison for different size (in words) of SRAMs with k=1024 employing different ECCs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-delay-synthesis-results-ns-comparison-for-encoders-35faw9ic.png TABLE 5 DELAY SYNTHESIS RESULTS (ns) COMPARISON FOR ENCODERS AND DECODERS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameters-of-some-double-error-correction-2gdmzy3x.png TABLE 1 PARAMETERS OF SOME DOUBLE ERROR CORRECTION ORTHOGONAL LATIN SQUARE CODES https://scispace.com/papers/two-circular-rotational-eigenmodes-and-their-giant-resonance-2apm4mizvl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-numerical-calculations-of-the-analytical-3sb8ccq4.png FIG. 3. Color online Numerical calculations of the analytical equations solid and dashed lines of CCW,CW H , CCW,CW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-color-online-a-illustration-of-the-definitions-of-g-2febuqav.png FIG. 5. Color online a Illustration of the definitions of G and G described in the text. b Numerical estimates of G and G from the micromagnetic simulations symbols and numerical calculations of the analytical equations solid lines for all cases of p ,C , as noted. The simulation results correspond to the cases shown in the first column in Fig. 1 d . https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-numerical-estimates-of-ccw-cw-f-h-ccw-cw-h-h-ccw-cw-1g9597cc.png TABLE I. Numerical estimates of CCW,CW F H , CCW,CW H H , CCW,CW H , G, and G for the results shown in Fig. 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-a-geometry-and-dimension-of-the-model-py-1ekgqb43.png FIG. 1. Color online a Geometry and dimension of the model Py nanodot with a vortex-state M distribution with p= +1 and C = +1 at equilibrium under no field. b Perspective view of the local M distributions at the indicated times and c the circular orbital trajectory of the VC motion in the steady state, which is driven by Hlin. The color and height display the local in-plane M orientation, as indicated by the color wheel, as well as the out-of-plane M components, respectively. The dots in c indicate the VC positions at the indicated times. d Orbital trajectories of the steady-state VC motions t 90 ns in response to the Hlin with different H values as noted for H0 /HA=0.1 and 0.2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-a-graphical-illustrations-of-the-ccw-and-3nvt2n1d.png FIG. 2. Color online a Graphical illustrations of the CCW and CW circular eigenmodes and the corresponding HCCW, HCW, FCCW, and FCW, as well as the definitions of the orbital-radius amplitude XCCW,CW and phase CCW,CW https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-online-analytical-solid-lines-calculations-and-3mxuljyb.png FIG. 4. Color online Analytical solid lines calculations and simulations open circles of the orbital trajectories of the VC motions driven by HCCW blue dark gray and HCW red light gray , as well as Hlin black for each case of p ,C . The phase relation between the VC position closed dots and the circular field direction arrows is illustrated. The arrows on the circular or elliptical orbits indicate their rotation senses. https://scispace.com/papers/two-dimensional-remote-interferometric-stage-encoder-through-4zjratat3l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-shows-displacement-measurements-recorded-over-a-3gqab5ou.png Figure 4. (a) shows displacement measurements recorded over a circular motion in the X-Y plane of the stage. This motion utilised the entire ±50µm travel range of the stage. Figure (b) shows the individual X and Y displacement measurements against time for one circular movement of the stage with a period of 5 seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-shows-the-direct-x-against-y-plots-of-the-2ccrpedb.png Figure 3. (a) shows the direct X against Y plots of the measured displacements for stage movements in both X and Y directions over the entire ±50 µm operating range of the stage. These correspond to the -50µm to 50µm motions shown in Fig. 2(a). (b) shows the same results on a tighter range around the zero X displacement line, with only the results corresponding to the Y-motion plotted. (c) shows the same results as in (a) on a tighter range around the zero Y displacement line with only the results corresponding to the Xmotion plotted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-shows-a-schematic-of-the-optical-setup-used-in-yjky1xd8.png Figure 1. (a) shows a schematic of the optical setup used in this experiment. The blue and green optical paths mark the interferometers of interest, A and B, formed between each mirror and the respective beam splitter end face. (b) then illustrates the expected RRI range view for this setup, where the signals from the desired interferometers A and B do not overlap with those peaks, marked in black, that are caused by secondary reflections in the system. The interrogation hardware is shown in (c), consisting of a photo detector, the digital signal processing hardware which also modulates a single continuous-wave laser diode, and a fibre-optic circulator. The fully enclosed interrogation unit is shown in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simultaneous-measurements-of-x-and-y-displacements-23tb9cb1.png Figure 2. Simultaneous measurements of X and Y displacements for motion in the X-direction of the stage followed by a duplicate motion in the Y-direction. (a) shows a movement across the total range of the stage, ±50 µm at a speed of 10µm/s, while (b) shows a closer view of the same results over a smaller displacement range around the zero-displacement position. (c) and (d) plot the results in a similar fashion to (a) and (b) but for a smaller stage movement across ±5µm at velocities of 1µm/s. (e) and (f) then show similar plots for ±0.5µm movements at velocities of 0.1µm/s. https://scispace.com/papers/two-extensions-for-the-alwabp-parallel-stations-and-ip1z99r318 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-instances-characteristics-1sae1efk.png Table 3. Instances characteristics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-alwabp-input-data-execution-times-in-3pcewzv4.png Table 1. Example of ALWABP input data (execution times in seconds). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-precedence-network-and-alwabp-solution-m4lo9ye2.png Figure 1: Precedence network and ALWABP solution. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-for-the-heuristic-resolution-of-the-parallel-msd5arf6.png Table 7. Results for the heuristic resolution of the parallel ALWABP with Kmax = 2. (Averaged over all instances). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-results-for-the-heuristic-resolution-of-the-parallel-xwawzl7j.png Table 8. Results for the heuristic resolution of the parallel ALWABP with Kmax = 3. (Averaged over all instances). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-alwabp-with-parallel-stations-n2soi8pb.png Figure 2: ALWABP with parallel stations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-for-the-heuristic-resolution-of-the-1im1r30g.png Table 10. Results for the heuristic resolution of the collaborative ALWABP with Kmax = 3. (Averaged over all instances). https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-results-for-the-heuristic-resolution-of-the-g1445c4f.png Table 9. Results for the heuristic resolution of the collaborative ALWABP with Kmax = 2. (Averaged over all instances). https://scispace.com/papers/two-intermediate-model-to-characterize-the-structure-of-fast-1zp5je36i7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-es-model-as-applied-to-two-proteins-which-1jg7zlv8.png Fig. 2. The ES model as applied to two proteins which represent poor agreement with this model. The dark blue line represents the theoretical idealized dependence between Vangle and Ln(R) – radius of curvature. Pink squares show the results for a particular https://scispace.com/papers/two-membrane-cavity-optomechanics-4jo8pr0zp7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-thermal-noisemeasurement-of-themechanicalmodes-of-25gbbb1h.png Figure 6.Thermal noisemeasurement of themechanicalmodes of the twomembranes in aMichelson interferometer. (a)Thermal voltage noise (VSN) (green curve)with the experimentalmechanical resonance peaks highlighted by vertical light-grey lines; red and blue top lines indicate themechanical frequencies of rectangularmembranes with nominal values for the stress s = 0.825 GPa and density r = -3100 kg m 3, and best best-fit parameters for the side lengths = = ( ) ( )L L1.519 0.006 mm, 1.536 0.006 mmx y 1 1 , and = = ( ) ( )L L1.522 0.006 mm, 1.525 0.006 mmx y https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-laser-cooling-of-the-twomembranes-at-low-power-a-xshiunpx.png Figure 12. Laser cooling of the twomembranes at low power. (a)Measured displacement spectral noise (DSN) as a function of the detuningΔnormalized to themeanmechanical frequency w w w= +¯ ( ) 2m m m1 2 , for a cooling input power m=P 130 WC , k p= ´2 83 kHz, and g0 as infigure 11. The red and orange dashed lines indicate themechanical frequencies with no cooling. (b)Theoretical predictionwith parameters given infigure 11. https://scispace.com/papers/two-phased-hybrid-local-search-for-the-periodic-capacitated-2zrtckb76m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wilcoxon-test-for-pairwise-comparison-between-the-28c7a7wq.png Table 6 Wilcoxon test for pairwise comparison between the best and average results obtained by https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-of-the-first-phase-of-hls-1st-hls-that-mpaodmy3.png Table 7 Results of the first phase of HLS (1st HLS) that summarize the number of instances for which σ = X (X = 0, 1) is satisfied according to the dataset. For a given instance, σ = X indicates the gap between the worst Fv (obtained by 1st HLS over 30 runs) and the best known Fv (obtained by HLS shown in Table 2-4). https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-contribution-of-each-algorithm-component-in-the-1sqrpgap.png Table 8 Contribution of each algorithm component in the second phase on 8 representative instances.∆12 indicates the improvement of HLS2 over HLS1 and highlights the contribution of the pattern improvement procedure.∆23 indicates the improvement of HLS3 over HLS2 and highlights the contribution of the perturbation procedure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-parameter-settings-of-hls-3oef4gnr.png Table 1 Parameter settings of HLS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-runtime-in-cpu-seconds-of-hls-and-marm-on-3f9c3zv8.png Table 5 Average runtime (in CPU seconds) of HLS and MARM on the three test sets, na=not available. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-fv-results-of-three-algorithm-variants-on-the-pgdb-set-16eh6d67.png Fig. 1. Fv results of three algorithm variants on the pgdb set https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparative-results-of-our-hls-algorithm-with-three-mk6wirhu.png Table 4 Comparative results of our HLS algorithm with three state-of-the-art algorithms on the 6 instances of the pG set. The best of average results and best results are in boldface. The best result of HLS is starred if it is a new best known result. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comparative-results-of-our-hls-algorithm-with-marm-1hdzudur.png Table 3 Comparative results of our HLS algorithm with MARM on the 34 instances of the pval set. The results of HLS are in boldface if they are at least as good as the best known results. The results of HLS are starred if they improves on the best known results from MARM. https://scispace.com/papers/two-level-master-slave-rfid-networks-planning-via-hybrid-5g51gbiydo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-reader-distribution-and-radiated-power-contour-242gcriy.png Fig. 12. Reader distribution and radiated power contour obtained by H-MOABC, CMOABC, and NSGA-II: (a)-(c) for f1-f2- f3, (d)-(f) for f1-f2- f4, (g)-(h) for f1-f3- f4; (j)-(l) for f2f3-f4. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-results-of-each-objective-functions-by-h-moabc-1q63oq9e.png Table 10. Results of each objective functions by H-MOABC, CMOABC and NSGA-II on Rd500 https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-the-best-compromise-solutions-for-each-combination-1ilf1rc4.png Table 11. The best compromise solutions for each combination from the Pareto front based on involved algorithms on Rd500 (where F1, F2 and F3 correspond to the first, second and third function in the combination respectively) https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-the-best-compromise-solutions-for-each-tri-objective-1bvscvtj.png Table 9. The best compromise solutions for each tri-objective pair from the Pareto front based on involved test algorithms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-notations-for-rnp-model-3cg749ih.png Table 1. Notations for RNP model https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-master-slave-rnp-framework-1o6h2tu0.png Fig. 1. Master-slave RNP framework https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-the-parameter-configurations-of-cd100-and-rd500-3pcs9bje.png Table 6. The parameter configurations of Cd100 and Rd500 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-two-level-rnp-optimization-process-based-on-h-qtp66nl0.png Fig. 8. The two-level RNP optimization process based on H-MOABC. https://scispace.com/papers/two-server-password-only-authenticated-key-exchange-3y7puale57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-an-execution-of-the-protocol-from-the-clients-point-nnlu7bgk.png Figure 1: An execution of the protocol from the client’s point of view. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-compute-protocol-see-text-for-a-description-of-2z6ammvh.png Figure 3: The Compute protocol. See text for a description of the notation used. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-execution-of-the-protocol-from-the-servers-points-1xgs2fla.png Figure 2: Execution of the protocol from the servers’ points of view; see text for details. The Compute protocol is given in Figure 3. https://scispace.com/papers/type-2-diabetes-remission-economic-evaluation-of-the-direct-2wx9edt61d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mean-number-of-sachets-a-and-mean-number-of-26qgm8b8.png Figure 1 Mean number of sachets (a) and mean number of appointments per month (b) offered to participants during each stage of the DiRECT intervention within year 1 (n = 149, including the participants who discontinued from the trial). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-nhs-resource-use-quantity-per-participant-12-months-20ta0h4z.png Table 2 NHS resource use quantity per participant 12 months trial period https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-nhs-cost-ps-per-participant-n-149-for-each-arm-over-3guk4lpw.png Table 3 NHS cost (£) per participant (n=149 for each arm) over the 12 months trial period https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-intervention-resource-use-components-and-cost-per-g7q1vq0y.png Table 1 Intervention resource use components and cost (per participant) (n=149) over the first 12 months of the DiRECT trial https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-cost-effectiveness-results-of-direct-intervention-3iy4ihr9.png Table 4 Cost-effectiveness results of DiRECT intervention over 1 year within trial time horizon https://scispace.com/papers/type-ia-supernova-rates-to-redshift-2-4-from-clash-the-2j2oeg4jgl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sn-luminosity-functions-used-for-sn-classification-1lb122js.png Table 3 SN Luminosity Functions Used for SN Classification https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-sne-discovered-in-the-parallel-fields-of-the-clash-1e41nmz6.png Figure 3. SNe discovered in the parallel fields of the CLASH clusters. North is up and east is left. In the triplet of tiles for each event, the left-hand tiles show the SN host galaxies without any SN light, whereas the center tiles display the SN host galaxy as imaged when the SN was first discovered. For the declining SNe CLK11Bur, CLL12Luc, CLA10Ner, CLV12Gor, CLF11Dom, CLT12Ela, and CLY13Gal, the left-hand and center tiles show the SN and host galaxy on the first and last visits to the field, respectively. The right-hand tiles show the subtraction in the F850LP or F160W bands for SNe discovered in the ACS or WFC3 parallel fields, respectively. The stretch of the images and the location of the SN differ from panel to panel in order to highlight host-galaxy properties. The header of each panel gives the designation of the SN along with its redshift and camera. Spectroscopic redshifts (cases with no uncertainties in z noted) are given to three significant digits. Photometric redshifts are shown with their uncertainty; in cases where the photometric redshift is not well constrained, we note the approximate peak of the probability density function. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-sn-ia-rate-measurements-1h09ociq.png Table 6 SN Ia Rate Measurements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sn-detection-efficiency-vs-magnitude-in-the-f850lp-39s9ikz0.png Figure 4. SN detection efficiency vs. magnitude in the F850LP (left) and F160W (right) bands. The uncertainties of the measurements are the 68% binomial confidence intervals. The dotted lines mark where the best-fit efficiency curves drop to 50%, at 25.2 and 25.0 mag in the F850LP and F160W bands, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-figure-6-continued-showing-light-curve-fits-for-the-zbhl4joe.png Figure 7. Figure 6, continued, showing light-curve fits for the remaining 12 SN candidates. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-sn-ia-rate-uncertainty-percentages-27ckcois.png Table 5 SN Ia Rate Uncertainty Percentages https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-typical-exposure-times-for-clash-parallel-fields-1xvkse7g.png Table 1 Typical Exposure Times for CLASH Parallel Fields https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-sn-ia-rates-from-clash-filled-red-squares-compared-1eh2dahq.png Figure 11. SN Ia rates from CLASH (filled, red squares) compared to rates from the literature and best-fitting SN Ia rate evolutions derived by convolving a power-law DTD with different SFHs. Circles denote data from surveys with measurements out to z ≈ 1 from Cappellaro et al. (1999), Hardin et al. (2000), Pain et al. (2002), Tonry et al. (2003), Blanc et al. (2004), Botticella et al. (2008), Horesh et al. (2008), Rodney & Tonry (2010), Li et al. (2011a), Barbary et al. (2012), and Melinder et al. (2012). Filled circles denote the most accurate and precise measurements at z < 1 and are from the SDSS Stripe 82 survey (Dilday et al. 2010; orange), SNLS (Perrett et al. 2012; green), and SDSS DR7 (Graur & Maoz 2013; purple). The GOODS rates from Dahlen et al. (2008) are shown as triangles and the SDF rates from Graur et al. (2011) are shown as diamonds. The z > 1.5 rates from these two surveys are colored in black and blue, respectively. The thick curves are convolutions of several SFHs (dashed, Hopkins & Beacom 2006; solid, Yüksel et al. 2008; thin/thick dotted, Oda et al. 2008; dot-dashed, Behroozi et al. 2013) with the best-fitting power-law DTDs. The shaded area is the confidence region resulting from the combined 68% statistical uncertainties in the values of the power-law index fit with the above SFHs. The thin dashed lines indicate the 68% statistical uncertainty region obtained without the new CLASH measurements. All vertical error bars are sums of the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The CLASH vertical error bars are composed of the systematic uncertainty, shown as black thick lines, and the statistical uncertainty, shown as red thin lines. The horizontal error bars delineate the CLASH redshift bins. The Perrett et al. (2012) and z > 1.5 Dahlen et al. (2008) SN Ia rates have been shifted by Δz = +0.02 to disentangle them from other results. https://scispace.com/papers/type-ib-c-supernovae-in-binary-systems-i-evolution-and-2tjd6gouxz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-upper-panel-evolutionary-track-of-the-primary-star-20lsxel8.png Figure 3. Upper panel: evolutionary track of the primary star in Seq. 14 (M1,init = 18M ,M2,init = 17M and Pinit = 4 day) in the HR diagram. The filled circles on the track mark different evolutionary epochs as the following. 1: ZAMS, 2: beginning of the Case A mass transfer, 3: end of the Case A mass transfer, 4: core hydrogen exhaustion, 5: beginning of the Case AB mass transfer, 6: end of the Case AB mass transfer, 7: core helium exhaustion, and 8: neon burning (end of calculation). Lower panel: mass transfer rates from the primary star (solid line) and mass accretion rates onto the secondary star (dashed line) during the Case A and AB transfers as a function of the primary star mass. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-predicted-radii-of-sn-ibc-progenitors-as-a-c3yh4bor.png Figure 12. Predicted radii of SN Ibc progenitors as a function of the final mass. The filled circles and triangles denote the results of our binary star models at Z = Z for fWR = 10 and 5, respectively, while the filled squares are for Z = ZSMC. The results from mass-losing single helium star models at Z = Z are marked by the dashed (fWR = 10), dotted (fWR = 5), and dashed-threedotted (WLW95) lines. The thin dash-dotted line gives the solar radius. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-predicted-winds-mass-loss-rates-of-sn-ibc-h3ruwzme.png Figure 13. Predicted winds mass-loss rates of SN Ibc progenitors as a function of the final mass. The filled circles and triangles denote the results of our binary star models atZ = Z for fWR = 10 and 5, respectively, while the filled squares are for Z = ZSMC. The results from mass-losing single helium star models at Z = Z are marked by dashed (fWR = 10) and dotted (fWR = 5) lines. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-chemical-composition-of-the-primary-star-in-seq-14-m9eqmu7u.png Figure 4. Chemical composition of the primary star in Seq. 14 as a function of the mass coordinate, at different evolutionary epochs. First panel: core H burning (right before the Case A mass transfer phase). Second panel: core H burning (right after the Case A mass transfer phase). Third panel: helium burning (right after the Case AB mass transfer phase). Last panel: neon burning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-amount-of-hydrogen-in-sn-ibc-progenitor-models-as-2gor7nu7.png Figure 11. Amount of hydrogen in SN Ibc progenitor models as a function of the final mass. The filled triangles and circles denote the results of our binary star models at Z = Z with fWR = 5 and 10, respectively. The filled squares give the results with the SMC metallicity models. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-amount-of-helium-in-sn-ibc-progenitor-models-at-z-1ui5i3f3.png Figure 10. Amount of helium in SN Ibc progenitor models at Z = Z with fWR = 5, as function of the final mass. The filled circles denote the prediction from our binary star models. The results from mass-losing pure helium star models are marked by the dashed line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mean-specific-angular-momentum-of-the-innermost-3m-2tb5dvuj.png Figure 9. Mean specific angular momentum of the innermost 3M and 1.4M of the primary star in Seq. 15 (top) and Seq. 18 (bottom), as a function of the evolutionary time. The time spans for the Case A and AB mass transfers are marked by the color shades as indicated by the labels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-wr-mass-loss-rates-from-helium-stars-on-the-zero-lsl345ba.png Figure 1. WR mass-loss rates from helium stars on the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) at solar metallicity. The mass-loss rates of Hamann et al. (see Equation (1)), Langer (1989), and Nugis & Lamers (2000) are given by dotted, dashed, and solid lines, respectively. The dot-dashed and triple-dot-dashed lines denote the Hamann et al. rates divided by a factor of 5 and 10, respectively (i.e., fWR = 5 and 10 in Equation (1)). https://scispace.com/papers/type-iii-solar-radio-burst-source-region-splitting-due-to-a-2oqr2m9nmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-overview-of-the-event-seen-by-sdo-aia-using-rgb-2ubjs3b8.png Figure 5. Overview of the event seen by SDO/AIA using RGB composites of the 304, 171, and 211 Å channels. The top panels on the right half show nearly the same times as Figures 3 (left) and 4 (right), with the rightmost panel corresponding to just before the SXR peak. The bottom panels on the right half show snapshots of the EUV jets that follow the radio bursts. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-distance-time-plot-for-burst-emission-from-05-15-2b09mh7e.png Figure 12. Distance–time plot for burst emission from 05:15:28 to 05:15:37 UT. Red (80 MHz) and blue (120 MHz) images represent background-subtracted intensities averaged in the solar Y direction, such that the slope reflects overall source motion in the solar X direction. Crosshairs denote the burst onset times and centroid positions for each given frequency, where the onset is defined as exceeding 5× the background. Error bars correspond to the 0.5 s time resolution (horizontal), the 3σ variation in position over the burst period (vertical), and the minor synthesized beam axes (vertical, gray). Dotted horizontal lines represent the optical limb (black) and the Newkirk-model limbs at 80 (red) and 120 (blue) MHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-goes-sxr-light-curves-showing-the-c8-8-flare-29e0gnqv.png Figure 1. Top: GOES SXR light curves, showing the C8.8 flare that peaked at 05:18 UT. Dotted lines from bottom to top indicate the B-, C-, and M-class thresholds. Middle: RHESSI count rates from 6 to 50 kEv. The dotted line indicates the end of RHESSI’s night (Earth-eclipse) period. Bottom: MWA light curves at 80, 108, and 240 MHz. Dotted lines indicate the transition between continuous observing periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-top-expected-free-free-and-gyroresonance-emission-1jpntzr2.png Figure 6. Top: expected free–free and gyroresonance emission at four frequencies predicted by FORWARD based on the MAS thermodynamic MHD model. Middle: model image convolved with the corresponding MWA beams. Bottom: median MWA emission outside burst periods over the first 4-minute observation period, which is assumed to be the quiescent background for flux calibration. Plot axes and annotations are as in Figure 3. An animation of the FORWARD model, the convolved model, and the median MWA background at all 12 channels from 80 to 240 MHz is available in the online journal. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-193-a-synthetic-image-b-sdo-observation-the-2lsevive.png Figure 7. (a) 193 Å synthetic image; (b) SDO observation. The synthetic image applies the telescope response function so that both images are plotted on exactly the same scale in instrumental units (DN) per second per detector pixel (detpix). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-overview-of-the-source-splitting-kinematics-at-108-3gf8nngf.png Figure 11. Overview of the source-splitting kinematics at 108 MHz. (a) Distance–time plot using the slit shown in Figure 10 along with a light curve of the total flux density in blue. Dotted vertical lines demarcate the zoomed-in section in panel (B), which corresponds to the images shown in Figure 10. Vertical ticks mark the 10 speed measurement periods whose results are collected in panel (c). Error bars in panel (b) reflect the range of leading-edge estimates, obtained by thresholding the two components by 15%–25% of their maximum I·σ−1 values. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-mwa-dynamic-spectrum-ds-produced-from-total-image-1chtiiiy.png Figure 2. (a) MWA dynamic spectrum (DS) produced from total image intensities and interpolated to a spectral resolution equal to the minimum separation between observing bandwidths (see Section 2.1). Dashed vertical lines indicate the transition between continuous observing periods, and dotted horizontal lines mark the 12 2.56 MHz wide frequency channels. (b, c) Culgoora and Learmonth DS. Dashed lines indicate the MWA frequency coverage bounds (80–240 MHz). (d, e) Wind/WAVES RAD2 and RAD1 DS. Note that the time axis is expanded to show the low-frequency tail. The dashed lines indicate the period covered by panels (a)–(c). All DS are log-scaled and then background-subtracted. A movie is available in the online journal that shows panels (a)–(c) alongside corresponding MWA images at 80, 132, and 240 MHz. The movie also includes a red-green-blue (RGB) composite of those three channels and an instantaneous MWA spectrum for each time step. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-model-schematic-for-the-source-splitting-motion-2ocezd9h.png Figure 16. Model schematic for the source-splitting motion (Equation (1)). Pairs of colored circles represent the average minimum and maximum vertical extents during each splitting episode; colors indicate frequency as in Figures 9 and 14. The flux tubes along which the type III beams travel are approximated by the solid fit lines, which intersect near the observed null point (Figure 13). Electrons take slightly longer to reach y2 compared to y1, which produces the apparent vertical motion with velocity vs. In reality, there would be a number of adjacent curved flux tubes between and below the two lines with nearby, but not identical, origins. https://scispace.com/papers/u-pb-geochronology-of-the-lagoa-real-uranium-district-brazil-1c6cwcdrt2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-previous-geochronological-data-for-the-lagoa-real-3k3u6vmp.png Table 1 Previous geochronological data for the Lagoa Real District. 1: Turpin et al. (1988); 2: Cor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-major-geological-domains-of-the-s-ao-francisco-craton-4amtuaar.png Fig. 1. Major geological domains of the S~ao Francisco Craton (Alkmim et al., 1993), showing the location of the Lagoa Real uranium district (inset), Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. CD ¼ Chapada Diamantina; ES: Western Espinhaço range. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-concordia-diagram-for-titanite-of-albitites-note-that-hyc1s7j9.png Fig. 8. Concordia diagram for titanite of albitites. Note that (B) is a detail of the lower part of (A). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-regional-geological-map-of-central-bahia-state-brazil-1rgozu8y.png Fig. 2. Regional geological map of central Bahia state, Brazil, showing the main units discussed in the text and the location of the Lagoa Real district (modified after Cruz et al., 2008). ES ¼ Western Espinhaço range; CD ¼ Chapada Diamantina; RP ¼ Rio Preto. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-geological-sketch-map-of-the-lagoa-real-district-in-xu4dl131.png Fig. 3. Geological sketch map of the Lagoa Real district in the Paramirim river valley (inset of Fig. 2). Towns: C ¼ Caetit e; P ¼ Paramirim; IB ¼ Ibiassucê; ST¼ S~ao Tim oteo (after Cruz et al., 2008). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-concordia-diagram-for-zircon-grains-of-the-s-ao-tim-31bqohyt.png Fig. 5. Concordia diagram for zircon grains of the S~ao Tim oteo granitoid (sample HBU872). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-concordia-diagram-for-zircon-grains-of-mineralized-3b1ar3og.png Fig. 6. Concordia diagram for zircon grains of mineralized albitites (sample HBU-871). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-concordia-diagrams-for-zircon-grains-of-the-s-ao-tim-3uaq10pv.png Fig. 7. Concordia diagrams for zircon grains of the S~ao Tim oteo granitoid (sample HBU872; 1, 2 and 3) and albitite (sample HBU-871; 6 and 7). Numbers 1 to 3, 6 and 7 refer to those in Table 2. https://scispace.com/papers/u-check-model-checking-and-parameter-synthesis-under-4bzyd7svze 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-an-example-of-a-properties-file-1ieqn0gv.png Fig. 5. An example of a properties file https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-emulated-satisfaction-probability-of-1-as-function-of-1rf193kv.png Fig. 6. Emulated satisfaction probability of '1 as function of the parameters. Left: We vary k s only, while k r is fixed to 0.2. Right: We vary both k s and k r. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uml-class-diagram-for-the-smoothed-model-checking-jntera9t.png Fig. 2. UML class diagram for the Smoothed Model Checking component https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-prism-model-specification-for-a-rumour-spreading-2xrid4ct.png Fig. 4. PRISM model specification for a rumour-spreading system https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-uml-class-diagram-for-the-learning-from-formulae-1m6apes1.png Fig. 3. UML class diagram for the Learning From Formulae component https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-component-diagram-for-u-check-3sf5i44u.png Fig. 1. Component Diagram for U-check https://scispace.com/papers/ucb-ne-108-user-s-manual-4f8oqn7qr8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-shows-some-example-fractional-release-rates-of-1-3-2ciwoaui.png Figure 2 shows some example fractional release rates of 1 3*Cs, 1 3 7Cs and 1 M I based on (11). In this illustration we consider the release from a bare waste form exposed to ground water shortly after emplacement. We assume that fuel cladding and a container are not present, water contacts the interior of spent-fuel rods shortly after emplacement, and 1 percent of the total inventory of cesium and iodine is rapidly dissolved into the "void water" that fills voids in the waste package. The void water is equivalent in volume to a 7.4-ctn thick layer of water between the waste solid aad backfill. Ground-water flow is assumed to be small enough that mass transfer through backfill and into the rock is controlled by molecular diffusion. Time-dependent fractional release rates at the backfill/rock interface, normalized to initial inventories, are shown in Figure 2 for a diffusion coefficient of 10"* cm3/*, backfill porosity of 0.2, rock porosity of 0.01, a concentrationbased distribution coefficient of 100 for cesium, and for a backfill thickness of 30 cm. Nonsorbing iodine-129 arrives at the backfill/rock interface in less than a year, with a peak release rate about tenfold less than the equivalent fractional release rate limit calculated from the NRC criterion. Cesium-135 and cesium-137 arrive later simultaneously, but the normalized peak release rate of cesium-137 is less because of more rapid decay. The peak release rate of cesium-135 is about tenfold less than its release rate limit, but the peak release rate of cesium-137 exceeds its limit by several orders of magnitude for several hundred years. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-release-of-soluble-species-in-two-layers-of-porous-2d07gczi.png Figure 1. Release of Soluble Species in Two Layers of Porous Media https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-fractional-release-rates-for-various-nuclides-2mff7030.png Figure 2 shows some example fractional release rates of 1 3*Cs, 1 3 7Cs and 1 M I based on (11). In this illustration we consider the release from a bare waste form exposed to ground water shortly after emplacement. We assume that fuel cladding and a container are not present, water contacts the interior of spent-fuel rods shortly after emplacement, and 1 percent of the total inventory of cesium and iodine is rapidly dissolved into the "void water" that fills voids in the waste package. The void water is equivalent in volume to a 7.4-ctn thick layer of water between the waste solid aad backfill. Ground-water flow is assumed to be small enough that mass transfer through backfill and into the rock is controlled by molecular diffusion. Time-dependent fractional release rates at the backfill/rock interface, normalized to initial inventories, are shown in Figure 2 for a diffusion coefficient of 10"* cm3/*, backfill porosity of 0.2, rock porosity of 0.01, a concentrationbased distribution coefficient of 100 for cesium, and for a backfill thickness of 30 cm. Nonsorbing iodine-129 arrives at the backfill/rock interface in less than a year, with a peak release rate about tenfold less than the equivalent fractional release rate limit calculated from the NRC criterion. Cesium-135 and cesium-137 arrive later simultaneously, but the normalized peak release rate of cesium-137 is less because of more rapid decay. The peak release rate of cesium-135 is about tenfold less than its release rate limit, but the peak release rate of cesium-137 exceeds its limit by several orders of magnitude for several hundred years. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-electronic-energy-transfer-beyond-the-weak-6rmo2khkje 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ultrafast-photoluminescence-of-bod-t4-in-29d7j4cj.png Figure 2. Ultrafast photoluminescence of BOD-T4 in cyclohexane measured at the magic angle (54.7°). Excitation was at 425 nm and emission was measured at (a) 470 nm corresponding to T4 emission and (b) 570 nm corresponding to Bodipy emission. The data are the open symbols, the instrument response functions the dotted lines (270 fs FWHM) and the fits the solid lines with a decay time and rise-time in (a) and (b) respectively of 120 ± 10 fs. The purple dot-dashed line in (b) shows the response which would be recorded for an instantaneous rise, indicating that the observed PL formation occurs after the pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-fluorescence-and-its-anisotropy-kinetics-for-t4-3bd6fpls.png Figure 5. Fluorescence and its anisotropy kinetics for T4 when excited at 390 nm. a) Detected magic angle emission at 470 nm (open squares). The solid line is a fit to the data, with rise-time constants of 130 ± 12 fs and 1.4 ± 0.1 ps, found to fit best to the data with pre-exponential amplitudes shown in parenthesis in the inset. The IRF is shown as the dotted line. b) Fluorescence anisotropy kinetics at 470 nm (open circles), showing no depolarization of emission, with the anisotropy staying constant at its starting value of 0.4 ± 0.01 (dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-absorption-black-curve-and-emission-blue-curve-tv67dpyk.png Figure 1. Absorption (black curve) and emission (blue curve) spectra for BOD-T4 with the chemical structure given as an inset. Absorption (red) and emission (orange) spectra of T4, together with the absorption (green) spectrum of Bodipy are also shown. The arrows represent the excitation wavelength (425 nm) and the two emission detection wavelengths (470 and 570 nm). Computational studies indicate that the transition dipole moment vectors follow the long molecular axes for the isolated control compounds and also for the full dyad. It should be mentioned, however, that these calculations might not fully reflect the consequences of any intramolecular charge-transfer effects. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-fluorescence-and-its-anisotropy-kinetics-for-the-7tntpo5x.png Figure 4. Fluorescence and its anisotropy kinetics for the BOD-T5 dyad. a) Detected magic angle emission at 470 nm (open circles) and 570 nm (solid triangles), representing T5 and Bodipy emission respectively. The solid lines are fits to the data, and a time constant of 120 ± 10 fs (decay at 470 nm and rise-time at 570 nm) is found to fit best to the data. The IRF is shown as the dotted line. b) Fluorescence anisotropy kinetics at 570 nm detection, calculated according to equation 1. Fitting is performed with the auto-reconvolution method, and the best fit parameters are as shown. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-fluorescence-polarization-dynamics-in-bodt4-with-2i2slbiu.png Figure 3. Fluorescence polarization dynamics in BODT4 with 425 nm excitation and 570 nm detection. a) Emission detected parallel (I‖ - open circles) and perpendicular (I⊥ - open triangles) to the polarization of the excitation laser field, with the IRF shown as the dotted line. b) Calculated anisotropy (r) of the data from the top panel according to equation 1 in the main text. Fitting of the anisotropy kinetics is with the auto-reconvolution method as described in the text and Supporting Information, with best fit parameters as shown. https://scispace.com/papers/ultra-fast-spin-dynamics-in-the-2s2p-2-configuration-of-c-4n5v0w1180 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ionization-probability-for-c-initially-in-m-1-given-26m4fs27.png Figure 1. Ionization probability for C+, initially in M = 1, given as a function of time elapsed between the beginning of the six-cycle 10.9 eV pump pulse and peak intensity of the six-cycle 16.3 eV probe pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-populations-of-the-2s2p2-2pe-black-and-2de-red-ls-19nlty1v.png Figure 2. Populations of the 2s2p2 2Pe (black) and 2De (red) LS coupled states as a function of time, for a target irradiated by a six-cycle pump pulse of ω = 10.9 eV and left to evolve freely. The start of the pump pulse is chosen at t = 0 fs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ejected-electron-momentum-distributions-for-c-ions-gauhnta0.png Figure 5. Ejected-electron momentum distributions for C+ ions initially in the ground state obtained by irradiation by a six-cycle 10.9 eV probe pulse and a 16.3 eV probe pulse. The time elapsed between the beginning of the pump pulse and the peak of the probe pulse is 5.65 fs. The momentum distribution obtained leaving the residual C2+ ion in the 2s2 1Se state are shown for M = 0 (a), M = 1 (b) and an unaligned C+ ion (c). Also provided is the ejected-electron momentum distribution leaving the residual C2+ ion in the 2s2p 3Po state for M = 1 (d). Both pulses are polarized along the z-axis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-variation-in-the-magnitude-of-the-e-28-4-ev-signal-v56izt68.png Figure 10. Variation in the magnitude of the E= 28.4 eV signal for pump laser energies of ω1 = 10.9 eV (black, dashed) and ω1 = 11.5 eV (red, solid) as a function of the time between the peak intensity of the pump pulse and the probe pulse. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ionization-probabilities-for-ground-state-c-39wq5nxu.png Figure 4. Ionization probabilities for ground-state C+ obtained using a six-cycle pump pulse of 10.9 eV and a six-cycle probe pulse of 16.3 eV as a function of time elapsed between the beginning of the pump pulse and the peak of the probe pulse. Ionization probabilities for an unaligned C+ ion (black, solid line) are compared with those for a C+ ion prepared in the M = 0 level (red, dashed line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-ionization-probability-black-solid-scaled-upwards-2mty7sey.png Figure 8. Ionization probability (black, solid), scaled upwards by a factor 30, for pump and probe photon energies of ω1 = 11.5 eV and ω2 = 15.7 eV respectively and measured at the time corresponding to peak intensity of the probe pulse. Time is measured from the beginning of the pump pulse. The 2s22p initial state has magnetic quantum number M = 1. Also shown are the populations of each of | 0−1+0+〉 (dark green, dot-dash), | 0+1+0−〉 (red, dotted) and | 0+1−0+〉 (blue, dashed) when excited by the pump pulse only and left to freely evolve. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-in-the-probability-of-emission-at-e-28-4-28lsfj9c.png Figure 7. Variation in the probability of emission at E= 28.4 eV (black, solid), obtained by integrating the relevant ring in the momentum distribution over all angles and scaled upwards by a factor of 240, as a function of time. Time is taken as the time elapsed from the beginning of the pump pulse, with momentum distributions corresponding to the peak intensity of the probe pulse. Provided for comparison are the populations of the | 0+1+0−〉 (red, dotted) and | 0+1−0+〉 (blue, dashed) states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-populations-of-the-0-1-0-dark-green-dot-dash-0-1-0-1dwxlddt.png Figure 3. Populations of the | 0−1+0+〉 (dark green, dot-dash), | 0+1+0−〉 (red, dotted) and | 0+1−0+〉 (blue, dashed) states as a function of time. The groundstate C+ ion, initially in the M = 1 level, is irradiated by a six-cycle pump laser pulse with photon energy ω = 10.9 eV which starts at t = 0 and is then left to evolve freely. The ionization probability (black, solid) is given for comparison at a time corresponding to peak intensity of the six-cycle probe pulse. The ionization probability is scaled upwards by a factor of 30. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-light-controlled-optical-fiber-modulator-303xik3pjy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-cross-correlation-measurement-of-the-dark-pulse-on-3fxcvx0l.png FIG, 2. (a) Cross-correlation measurement of the dark pulse on the second harmonic Y AG pulse. (b) Cross-correlation measurement of the dark pulse, (c) Cross-correlation measurement of the light pulse. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrafast-x-ray-science-at-the-advanced-light-source-2j3orzqb26 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-diffracted-x-ray-photons-30-kev-integrated-over-the-20vuuq9a.png Figure 1. Diffracted x-ray photons (30 keV), integrated over the InSb Bragg peak, as a function of time delay following laser pulse excitation. Inset: time-dependent shift in spectral position of Bragg peak. Solid lines are from a model calculation accounting for energy transfer from an electron-hole plasma to LO phonons to acoustic phonon population and subsequent propagation of strain into the crystal [10]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-flux-and-brightness-for-two-femtosecond-x-ray-107gwqy2.png Figure 6. Flux and brightness for two femtosecond x-ray beamlines based on a bend-magnet and on an undulator. The undulator spectra is the locus of narrow spectral peaks (tuned by adjusting the undulator gap) and represents the envelope of harmonics 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cross-correlation-measurements-between-a-delayed-2vtnbosh.png Figure 5. Cross-correlation measurements between a delayed laser pulse and synchrotron radiation originating from an energy-modulated electron bunch. In (A), synchrotron radiation from the central core (±3σx) of the electron bunch is selected. In (B), synchrotron radiation from the horizontal wings (+3σx to +8σx) of the electron bunch is selected. Solid lines are from a model calculation of the spatial and temporal distribution of the energy-modulated electron bunch following propagation through 1.5 arc-sectors at the ALS [15]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-method-for-generating-femtosecond-3vqtrclk.png Figure 4. Schematic of method for generating femtosecond synchrotron pulses. (A) Femtosecond laser pulse interaction with the electron bunch in a resonantly-tuned wiggler. (B) Transverse separation of modulated electrons in a dispersive bend of the storage ring. (C) Generation of synchrotron radiation from a bend-magnet (or undulator) and separation of the femtosecond synchrotron radiation at the beamline image plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-sinusoidal-modulation-of-x-ray-diffraction-by-3pad3rmf.png Figure 3. (left) Sinusoidal modulation of x-ray diffraction by coherent acoustic phonons measured at 40 arcsec away from the (111) Bragg peak of InSb. The inset shows the phonon frequencies measured at different angular deviations from the Bragg peak. (right) At higher fluence, rapid disordering is indicated by the prompt drop in the diffraction efficiency and absence of vibrational coherence [12]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-representative-x-ray-diffraction-spectra-with-2fqe9idj.png Figure 2. Representative x-ray diffraction spectra (with simulated profiles) for different time delays, taken with 7.3-keV x-rays. Inset: Normalized integrated x-ray diffracted photons as a function of time delay [10]. https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-transceiver-with-the-possibilities-of-the-data-3pru85m78v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-schematic-of-the-ultrasonic-receiver-2uads8tx.png Figure 4. Schematic of the ultrasonic receiver https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-schematic-of-the-ultrasonic-transmitter-nsetfqp2.png Figure 3. Schematic of the ultrasonic transmitter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-coding-and-timing-of-the-information-ieiqi56q.png Figure 2. Coding and timing of the information https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-software-solution-flowchart-1vy150ie.png Figure 5. Software solution flowchart https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-communication-between-two-points-3asuokw2.png Figure 1. Communication between two points https://scispace.com/papers/ultrasonic-focusing-through-a-steel-layer-for-acoustic-2gi1h7g4b1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-snapshot-from-simsonic-showing-the-absolute-value-of-1mmzopyo.png Fig. 4. Snapshot from SimSonic showing the absolute value of the pressure in dB. Time delays calculated using techniques related to TR. The red line shows position of the transducer and the arrow the desired focus. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-absolute-value-of-the-pressure-plotted-in-db-scale-3arwupsy.png Fig. 5. The absolute value of the pressure plotted in dB scale for a) focusing towards x=20mm, y=58mm via p-waves in steel and b) focusing towards x=40mm, y=58mm via s-waves in steel, both using the beamforming code. The red points indicate the desired focus point. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-absolute-value-of-the-pressure-plotted-in-db-scale-1ft34871.png Fig. 3. The absolute value of the pressure plotted in dB scale for a) focusing as in water and b) focusing by using techniques related to TR. The red points indicate the desired focus point. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-material-properties-used-in-simsonic-and-the-2nen80tl.png TABLE I MATERIAL PROPERTIES USED IN SIMSONIC AND THE BEAMFORMING TOOL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sketch-of-the-simulation-setup-the-depth-and-3oyz05ud.png Fig. 2. Sketch of the simulation setup. The depth and horizontal distance is defined from the center of the transducer face. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-cement-slurry-displacement-problems-and-defects-that-2vfgagtz.png Fig. 1. Cement slurry displacement problems and defects that may occur within the cement sheath. Reprinted with permission from A. S. Talberg et al. ”Laboratory experiments on ultrasonic logging through casing for barrier integrity validation”, 2017 [13] https://scispace.com/papers/ultraviolet-laser-patterning-of-porous-silicon-5bcdlw9x8y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-several-data-obtained-for-the-290-nm-thick-sample-as-a-wc3u2s6u.png FIG. 5. Several data obtained for the 290 nm thick sample as a function of fluence: (a) % of transformed to untransformed regions normalized to the period determined from PV images such as those in Figure 4 from patterns having a period of ( ) 6.3 lm, ( ) 8 lm and ( ) 16 lm; ( ) data obtained for the 6.3 lm period from CS images in Figure 6; (full line)% calculated using a thermal model. (b) ( ) diameter and ( ) number density of Si NPs produced at the trenches of patterns having a period of 6.3 lm; dashed lines are guidelines. (c) Transformation depth (full line) calculated using a thermal model and ( ) experimentally determined form CS images in Figure 6; the horizontal dashed-dot lines represent the total and the upper high porosity layer thickness taken from Table I. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-cs-images-of-patterns-with-a-period-of-6-3-lm-produced-3g8tde27.png FIG. 6. CS images of patterns with a period of 6.3 lm produced in the 290 nm thick nanoPS layer using fluences in mJ cm 2: (a) 18 and (b) 28. The image in (c) is like (b) but centered at a trench in which the calculated Tm isotherm has been overlapped. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-pv-images-of-patterns-with-a-period-of-6-3-lm-produced-1i7lfi1u.png FIG. 4. PV images of patterns with a period of 6.3 lm produced in the 290 nm thick nanoPS layer using increasing fluences in mJ cm 2: (a) 11, (b) 18, (c) 28, (d) 42, and (e) 80. The images on the left hand side correspond to a low magnification image centered in the trench region whereas the images on the right hand side are high magnifications of the center of the trench regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-slightly-tilted-cs-image-of-a-trench-area-of-a-pattern-1qe86s7l.png FIG. 3. Slightly tilted CS image of a trench area of a pattern with a period of 6.3 lm produced in the 563 nm thick nanoPS layer using 44 mJ cm 2, (a) before and (b) after immersing in HF acid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-pv-left-and-cs-right-images-of-the-as-grown-nanops-1vo4pwof.png FIG. 1. PV (left) and CS (right) images of the as grown nanoPS layers studied in this work having thicknesses of: (a) 563 nm, (b) 372 nm, and (c) 290 nm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-pv-image-of-a-pattern-with-a-period-of-6-3-lm-22x1nulk.png FIG. 2. (a) PV image of a pattern with a period of 6.3 lm produced in the 372 nm thick nanoPS layer using 44 mJ cm 2; (b) and (c) are magnification of the dark and bright fringes in (a). (d) Slightly tilted CS image of the same pattern at low magnification. (e) CS image of the same pattern showing, at high magnification, a hill and part of a trench (see text for details). https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainty-forecasting-in-a-nutshell-prediction-models-1tmyrcxg5e 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3-hour-ahead-load-forecast-error-versus-3-hour-3rkzeq4r.png Figure 3: 3-hour ahead load forecast error versus 3-hour ahead wind forecast error and load forecast error in 2016 at ERCOT https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-a-dynamic-reserve-prediction-with-315n4dnv.png Figure 4: Example of a dynamic reserve prediction with percentile bands P10 to P90 (gray shading). The black lines at +/-300MW indicate a static reserve and show the spill that such static reserve allocation contains. The black dotted line is the allocated reserve and illustrates the issue of outliers that, if required to be captured, lead to over-allocation of reserves. Nevertheless, the p10/p90 band indicates the risk of outliers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-a-system-ramping-event-due-to-weather-38ezalqn.png Figure 1: Example of a system ramping event due to weather impact on distributed resources from Hawaii’s SWIFT forecast. Solar bright spot on the upper figure causes a PV (rooftop PV) ramp up resulting in a sudden system ramp down event and over frequency condition in the middle of the day (<15 min event). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-example-of-a-decision-support-scheme-for-dynamic-nkdi5zfh.png Figure 7: Example of a decision support scheme for dynamic reserve allocation at a system operator with the target requirements that allocation needs to be carried out at least 1 week ahead of time and the cost for allocated reserve is the optimization parameter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-wind-power-forecasts-for-two-different-transformer-3s67fkx3.png Figure 5: Wind power forecasts for two different transformer stations in the same DSO grid in Germany about 250 km apart. Top row: red line shows deterministic forecast indicating most probable scenario at both sides. Bottom row: colored lines show ensemble forecasts representing different scenarios, equal color belongs to an identical scenario at both sites. The black lines represent the measurement. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-standard-procedures-to-generate-uncertainty-136sb7gq.png Figure 6: Standard procedures to generate uncertainty forecasts for renewable energy sources. Black arrows indicate where the generation of the so-called “ensemble members” take place. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-geographic-graphical-user-interfaces-of-forecast-2o2kdyxw.png Figure 2: Geographic graphical user interfaces of forecast systems within a) EWeLiNE project and b) Hawaii SWIFT project showing wind and solar power forecasts over a region with single transformer stations forecasts, as well as forecasts of relevant meteorological parameters and exceeding probabilities of threshold values that are critical for grid security aspects. https://scispace.com/papers/uncertainties-in-s-process-nucleosynthesis-in-low-mass-stars-1cnmh4cadp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-same-as-fig-8-except-that-all-the-level-1-and-2-2uy8wtib.png Figure 11. Same as Fig.8 except that all the level 1 and 2 key reactions are now fixed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-same-as-for-fig-14-for-208pb-bwk980iw.png Figure 16. Same as for Fig. 14 for 208Pb https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-maxwellian-averaged-cross-sections-macs-at-30-kev-3rg1nuko.png Figure 17. Maxwellian averaged cross sections (MACS) at 30 keV for Ni isotopes (data taken by the website www.kadonis.org). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-the-correlation-coefficients-of-reactions-with-3esucctf.png Figure 14. The correlation coefficients of reactions with respect to an abundance change of 88Sr during the 13C-pocket conditions. The absolute values of the coefficients are plotted against a reaction index number. Red circles stand for positive correlation and blue squares for negative correlation, respectively. Reaction indices in the range of 1–390 denote weak reactions and those in the range 391–900 identify neutron captures. The five reactions with the highest correlations are listed in the upper right corner. Note that, for better readability, reactions with correlation factors |rcor | < 0.02 are omitted from this plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-same-as-for-fig-14-for-138ba-15v2v7ug.png Figure 15. Same as for Fig. 14 for 138Ba https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-same-as-fig-8-except-that-all-the-level-1-key-lpakss2a.png Figure 10. Same as Fig.8 except that all the level 1 key reactions are now fixed to show the improvements that determining all level 1 rates would make. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-evolution-of-the-temperature-gk-blue-dashed-2695h58m.png Figure 1. Time evolution of the temperature [GK] (blue dashed line) and density (solid black line) of the trajectory used for the 13C pocket in this study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-time-evolution-of-the-neutron-density-cm-3-for-the-7chf323y.png Figure 2. Time evolution of the neutron density [cm−3] for the three initial 13C abundances considered in the 13C-pocket and the TP phase. https://scispace.com/papers/unconscious-perception-reconsidered-3s578x1vab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trial-sequence-used-in-norman-et-al-2014-2824-1j1ycxeh.png Fig. 3: Trial sequence used in Norman et al. 2014: 2824. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. Reprinted with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sdt-analysis-of-a-simple-yn-task-showing-a-highly-1ugel9t4.png Fig. 1: SDT analysis of a simple yn task showing a highly conservative response criterion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-temporal-sequence-of-priming-from-cressman-et-al-2013-2xjzl9zk.png Fig. 4: Temporal sequence of priming from Cressman et al. 2013: 718. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Reprinted with permission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-inattentional-blindness-mack-and-rock-1998-16-13eczz1x.png Fig. 2: Inattentional Blindness (Mack and Rock 1998: 16). Copyright © MIT Press. Reprinted with permission. https://scispace.com/papers/unconstrained-shoulder-joint-position-sense-does-not-change-7x1zx6dwu7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-target-elevation-angles-for-upright-and-tilted-1ei64hzv.png Table 1. Target Elevation Angles for Upright and Tilted Trialsa https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-demonstration-of-the-two-experimental-tilts-in-3g65g97v.png Figure 1. Demonstration of the two experimental tilts in which the target was 908 of humeral elevation with respect to gravity for the (A) upright and (B) tilted back 458. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vector-error-mean-sem-for-upright-and-tilted-trials-1a2fmpu9.png Figure 2. Vector error mean ( SEM) for upright and tilted trials, matched based on (A) joint angles and (B) torque. https://scispace.com/papers/unconditionally-secure-key-distillation-from-multiphotons-2byfqu2xq9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-in-the-two-photon-case-i-e-2-alice-first-prepares-1605umpe.png FIG. 2. In the two-photon case i.e., =2 , Alice first prepares three qubits in the state of =2 AB. After some operations by Alice and Bob, they try to distill a key from a final state of the system A and B black dots if K=K . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-bobs-measurement-basis-in-the-bloch-sphere-note-that-26oaz3u9.png FIG. 1. Bob’s measurement basis in the Bloch sphere. Note that the random rotation RK just changes the definition of the outcomes and does not change the bases as a set. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-agency-problems-in-headquarters-subsidiary-3su403pg48 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-subsidiary-level-agency-model-in-mncs-3epxqyui.png FIGURE 1 Subsidiary-Level Agency Model in MNCs https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-manifestations-of-subsidiary-agency-2d7fgd26.png FIGURE 2 Manifestations of Subsidiary Agency https://scispace.com/papers/underground-facility-for-geoenvironmental-and-geotechnical-2tc9xl7wm1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-19-geology-at-the-site-1-depth-range-ft-material-1-0-1tq6dcgi.png Table 3.19 Geology at the Site 1 Depth Range, ft Material " ~ 1 0-7 Clay https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-view-of-tunnel-conditions-in-austin-chalk-2plhipcl.png Figure 5. Typical view of tunnel conditions in Austin Chalk, taken from segment between N30 and N35; dark bands on walls are argillaceous interbeds; above and to the right of person on right is a fault offsetting the interbeds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-hydrograph-of-water-level-fluctuation-at-ssc-bgf3olol.png Figure 9. Hydrograph of water-level fluctuation at SSC Laboratory monitoring well BE3 measured by electrical sonde (circles) and pressure transducer (solid black line). Also marked are ebvations of SSC tunnel and the BE3 well screen. BE3 lies approximately 10 m from the tunnel edge. Water level in BE3 abruptly fell when the runnel was mined past the well. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generalized-stratigraphic-cross-section-along-ssc-3t00ebki.png Figure 2. Generalized stratigraphic cross section along SSC tunnel centerline. Risse 1994. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-78m9d8h7.png FIG. 18 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-16-geology-at-the-site-depth-range-ft-material-0-61-171x9w0t.png Table 3.16 Geology at the Site Depth Range, ft Material 0-61 Gay and Weathered Taylor Mart 61-156 Fresh Taylor Marl > 156 Austin Chalk https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-18-excavation-description-excavation-depth-i-r4mvavoy.png Table 3.18 Excavation Description Excavation Depth I Excavation Size Circular Shaft 209 ft IS ft diameter https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-23-details-of-the-instrumentation-at-the-site-device-2uegbo9a.png Table 3.23 Details of the Instrumentation at the Site Device Readable from https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-atypical-emotions-among-children-with-autism-3qtrkpnqv2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-proportion-of-mental-state-attributions-of-six-2qvldfvc.png Table III. Proportion of Mental State Attributions of Six Stories as a Function of Group × Typical or Atypical Emotion Explanation https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-six-stories-with-typical-and-atypical-emotions-1u1ufm4r.png Table II. Six Stories with Typical and Atypical Emotions https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-criteria-of-multiple-complex-developmental-disorder-1xtqdyfc.png Table I. Criteria of Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder (MCDD)a https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-proportion-of-desire-and-belief-attributions-for-158tcqpz.png Table V. Proportion of Desire and Belief Attributions for Typical and Atypical Emotion Explanations (n = 104) https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-proportion-of-mental-state-attributions-for-typical-3cyf3xob.png Table IV. Proportion of Mental State Attributions for Typical and Atypical Emotion Explanations per Subgroup from the Autistic Domain https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-and-meeting-information-needs-following-16bcazwo1h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-qualitative-study-participants-1qo4nxta.png Table 1: Characteristics of qualitative study participants https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-consumer-responses-to-product-risk-information-1mmqp9lecu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-study-1-effect-of-stated-product-risk-on-behavioral-19fbcsl7.png FIGURE 2 Study 1: Effect of Stated Product Risk on Behavioral Intention: Gain-Framed Versus Loss-Framed Conditions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-1-effect-of-stated-product-risk-on-overall-1tm37nho.png FIGURE 1 Study 1: Effect of Stated Product Risk on Overall Product Evaluations: Gain-Framed Versus LossFramed Conditions https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-disruptive-monitoring-capabilities-of-2ekdyu35ck 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-impact-on-dataplane-state-and-28i1fiqf.png TABLE I: Comparison of impact on dataplane state and controller’s visibility of each proposal https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-conductivity-in-srcu2o2-stability-geometry-and-2rkz1l6uet 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-band-structure-of-a-cu-vacancy-in-srcu2o2-as-271wn2lj.png Fig. 2 The band structure of a Cu vacancy in SrCu2O2 as calculated using uncorrected GGA calculations (a) shows the a-spin bands and (b) shows the b-spin bands. The dashed line indicates the highest occupied level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-relaxed-geometry-of-the-inserted-cuci-e-0-defect-blue-3pbo6soq.png Fig. 8 Relaxed geometry of the inserted Cuci + e 0 defect. Blue atoms indicate the Cu dimer that results. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-band-structure-for-vcu-0-hc-defect-showing-a-a-spin-2pgfnj6r.png Fig. 10 Band structure for VCu 0 + hc defect showing (a) a-spin and (b) bspin bands. The dashed line indicates highest occupied level. Red line indicates defect acceptor band. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-positions-of-single-particle-levels-in-band-gap-of-26m20c5j.png Fig. 7 Positions of single particle levels in band gap of SrCu2O2 at the G point. Empty circles indicate holes and arrows indicate electrons in up/ down spins. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-relaxed-geometry-of-vcu-0-hc-with-blue-atom-indicating-dpeh5l01.png Fig. 9 Relaxed geometry of VCu 0 + hc with blue atom indicating vacancy. Light blue isosurface illustrates the electron density of the defect band located 0.09 eV above the VBM at isosurface level of 0.05 eÅ 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-phase-diagram-of-srcu2o2-indicating-the-range-of-220vml0x.png Fig. 3 The phase diagram of SrCu2O2 indicating the range of chemical potentials (in eV) under which SrCu2O2 is stable. (a) Calculated phase triangle using formation energies from GGA + U calculations. (b) Phase diagram found using experimental formation energies.56,57 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-bader-charges-in-for-acceptor-bands-band-i-at-vbm-14tkv67n.png Table 6 Bader charges (in %) for acceptor bands (band I at VBM and band II 0.15 eV above VBM) induced by VSr 00 + 2hc indicating total Sr, Cu and O charges and charges on Cu ions near the vacancy https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-structure-of-vsr-00-2hc-in-srcu2o2-with-blue-atom-j3hn2bqm.png Fig. 11 Structure of VSr 00 + 2hc in SrCu2O2 with blue atom indicating Sr vacancy. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-effect-of-filtration-and-washing-on-dried-3i6y66df2h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-4d-response-contour-plot-of-residual-solvent-1idkli3f.png Figure 8 4D response contour plot of residual solvent content after deliquoring in case of filtration halted at dryland/breakthrough showing dependence on solids loading of the slurry, pressure driving force and paracetamol grade for an input suspension in ethanol washed twice with n-heptane and then dried using the static drying methodology. Factor selected are reported in Table 9 of the supplementary information. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-how-millennial-shoppers-decide-what-to-buy-2kwcgk0213 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-sources-of-ideas-of-what-to-buy-2wf50vly.png Table 1: Sources of ideas of what to buy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-how-shoppers-remembered-item-details-from-different-fggcnle8.png Figure 5: How shoppers remembered item details from different stores by gender (respondents: 589). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-where-shoppers-looked-for-ideas-and-inspiration-3ezhjyhs.png Figure 1: Where shoppers looked for ideas and inspiration (respondents: 589). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-final-choice-referrals-for-validating-purchase-2dy7mrz8.png Table 2: Final Choice referrals for validating purchase decision https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-how-people-remember-product-details-changes-with-29t3e5dw.png Figure 6: How people remember product details changes with journey length (respondents: 589). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-methods-shoppers-used-to-discuss-their-options-1xj2b305.png Figure 4: The methods shoppers used to discuss their options by age range (respondents: 589). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-who-people-ask-opinion-from-changes-with-journey-3tk5iif1.png Figure 9: Who people ask opinion from changes with journey length (respondents: 589). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-methods-shoppers-used-to-discuss-their-options-k4jsj8co.png Figure 3: The methods shoppers used to discuss their options (respondents: 589). https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-international-differences-in-the-gender-pay-2dslvlo581 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-basic-time-series-cross-section-regression-results-2dh010zs.png Table 6: Basic Time Series-Cross Section Regression Results With Country Effects https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-means-of-dependent-and-explanatory-variables-by-1qnvfuc4.png Table 2 Means of Dependent and Explanatory Variables by Country* https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-results-for-collective-bargaining-coverage-and-wage-clgvme6z.png Table 7: Results for Collective Bargaining Coverage and Wage Compression https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-basic-time-series-cross-section-regression-results-2wrym6ls.png Table 3: Basic Time Series-Cross Section Regression Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-further-results-for-collective-bargaining-coverage-q9cnka8g.png Table 9: Further Results for Collective Bargaining Coverage and Other Institutions https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-accounting-for-the-difference-between-individual-3ohpah5b.png Table 4: Accounting for the Difference between Individual Country Gender Pay Gaps and the Average for the Western Nations: Selected Countries https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gender-log-wage-gap-at-us-male-and-female-x-s-by-50-3ens9sfo.png Figure 1: Gender Log Wage Gap at US Male and Female X's by 50-10 Gap in Measured Male Human Capital Prices https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gender-log-wage-gap-at-us-male-and-female-x-s-by-50-16997ep3.png Figure 2: Gender Log Wage Gap at US Male and Female X's by 50-10 Gap in Male Log Wage Residuals https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-multichannel-shopper-journey-configuration-an-1sbja24ovt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-examples-of-participants-shopper-journeys-and-goals-15ox9r5g.png Table 4: Examples of participants’ shopper journeys and goals https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participants-shopper-journey-configurations-3uoh96re.png Table 3: Participants’ shopper journey configurations https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shopper-journeys-by-channel-and-phase-cm8fp6gs.png Table 2: Shopper journeys by channel and phase* https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-application-of-powers-1973-goal-hierarchy-to-shopper-1nlzbagm.png Table 5: Application of Powers’ (1973) goal hierarchy to shopper journeys https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-research-participants-o0fdjplj.png Table 1: Research participants https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-online-teacher-best-practices-a-thematic-23v45lbi7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-stac-analytic-process-2od191zn.png Table 1. The STAC analytic process https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-of-earth-and-space-science-concepts-strategies-2hrikzgl3h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-posttest-2-means-and-standard-deviations-of-the-2n2ponuq.png Table 10 Posttest 2 Means and Standard Deviations of the Students’ Rubric Scores for ConceptMapped and Non-concept Mapped Concepts Learned through Readings and through Learning Stations. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-analysis-of-variance-for-repeated-measures-analysis-25nms72l.png Table 11 Analysis of Variance for Repeated Measures Analysis of Concept Mapping versus No Concept Mapping Condition and Learning Method https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-pre-and-post-means-of-preservice-teachers-rubric-3ska52xh.png Table 7 Pre and Post Means of Preservice Teachers’ Rubric Scores for Concepts Learned Through Learning Stations and Through Readings https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-examples-from-preservice-teachers-students-initial-1vhamb48.png Table 13 Examples from Preservice Teachers’ Students’ Initial Understanding before Station Implementation https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-the-means-and-standard-deviations-of-pretest-rubric-21xp2uey.png Table 5 The Means and Standard Deviations of Pretest Rubric Scores of Preservice and Inservice Teachers (N=99) https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-most-common-answers-and-descriptive-quotes-of-the-u48rl6et.png Table 12 Most Common Answers and Descriptive Quotes of the Elementary School Group as Extracted from the Participants’ Guided Reflection https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-topics-learned-by-two-methods-hands-on-activities-n6tjp9of.png Table 3 Topics Learned by Two Methods: Hands-on Activities and Textbook Reading ________________________________________________________________________ Undergraduate program https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-recommended-grade-levels-for-teaching-six-earth-and-1utmljoi.png Table 1 Recommended grade levels for teaching six earth and space science concepts https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-pancreatic-exocrine-insufficiency-and-1a3rsjx85v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-contributing-factors-to-pei-in-pancreatic-cancer-14vk3k3w.png Figure 1 Contributing factors to PEI in pancreatic cancer https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-studies-evaluating-the-change-in-the-secretory-2ks9stqb.png Table 1: Studies evaluating the change in the secretory function of the pancreas with increasing age. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-performance-concerns-in-the-api-documentation-2raty1qw90 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-examples-of-performance-concerns-from-crowd-2xc29hw5.png Table 5: Examples of performance concerns from crowd documentation that are (in)consistentwith the ocial documentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-percentage-of-apis-with-performance-concerns-that-23vwvypd.png Figure 2: Percentage of APIs with performance concerns that are discovered from the ocial documentation, the crowd documentation, and from both data sources. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dataset-statistics-2t6ivqfk.png Table 1: Dataset statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-our-methodology-1td5zw16.png Figure 1: Overview of our methodology. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-consistency-of-performance-related-information-from-soxd9ntu.png Table 4: Consistency of performance-related information from crowd documentation w.r.t. ocial documentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-knowledge-types-of-performance-related-sentences-1l9boewt.png Figure 3: Knowledge types of performance-related sentences. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-reasons-for-updating-performance-concerns-in-the-2ivntop2.png Table 7: Reasons for updating performance concerns in the ocial documentation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percentage-of-performance-concerns-in-the-api-78e6io2k.png Figure 4: Percentage of performance concerns in the API docstrings that are added together with API denitions and added later. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-effect-of-information-presentation-order-121t1u6dgl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-overall-mean-treatment-evaluations-by-order-and-390kqgbp.png Figure 3: Overall Mean Treatment Evaluations by Order and Orientation for Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-and-inferential-statistics-for-each-239ecf05.png Table 1: Descriptive and inferential statistics for each order x orientation (on search measures) analysis (Study 2) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-inferential-statistics-for-the-effect-of-order-and-3i04sbo4.png Table 2: inferential Statistics for the Effect of Order and Orientation on Overall Treatment Evaluations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-study-2-mean-score-by-order-orientation-for-each-of-3bq5libn.png Figure 2. Study 2: Mean score by order orientation, for each of three outcome measures: SMRD-order, number of transitions, time proportion) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-horizontal-orientation-b-vertical-orientation-28bib3qn.png Figure 1 – A: Horizontal Orientation; B: Vertical Orientation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-pattern-of-results-predicted-by-hogarth-and-t1vmrdus.png Figure 5: Pattern of results predicted by Hogarth and Einhorn’s[20] analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1a-b-figure-1-a-horizontal-orientation-b-vertical-2bsmjbay.png Figure 1 – A: Horizontal Orientation; B: Vertical Orientation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-overall-mean-treatment-evaluations-depending-on-ndmx8vg8.png Figure 4: Overall Mean Treatment Evaluations depending on order and orientation for Study 2 https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-indoor-pre-symptomatic-transmission-31kn1s4jq5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-the-effect-of-hygiene-and-behavior-on-the-risk-of-8pu7fwyh.png Figure 4. (A) The effect of hygiene and behavior on the risk of infection. Bars represent the confidence interval. (B) The normalized virus concentration over time. Green ticks represent fomite touching event. Red ticks represent face touching event. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-model-parameters-for-the-reference-simulation-t06d6z3v.png Table 2. The model parameters for the reference simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-prediction-of-the-serial-interval-distribution-38fh65qs.png Figure 5. The prediction of the serial interval distribution and SAR (inset) for different parameter values. (A) dose response parameter (B) Exposure time scale (C) surface decay rate (D) surface area of a touch (E) median viral load. Red bar represents the reference simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-schematic-representation-of-the-modes-of-1wnc6bgk.png Figure 1. Schematic representation of the modes of transmission from the primary (infector) and secondary (infectee) individuals. (1) Direct contact (2) Indirect contact via fomites (3) Indirect contact via surfaces (4) droplet nuclei. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-hygienic-and-behavioral-parameters-of-the-20wzjynq.png Table 1. The hygienic and behavioral parameters of the reference simulation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-model-prediction-for-the-a-distribution-of-the-19ny7btr.png Figure 2. Model Prediction for the (A) Distribution of the serial index. Shaded area is the bounds of observed data10, 31–33 (B) The cumulative SAR over time. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-contribution-of-the-different-modes-of-2jg5997j.png Figure 3. The Contribution of the different modes of transmission to overall exposure. Box represents the inter-quartile range (IQR). The whiskers represent the 10th and 90th percentile. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-inventory-cycle-4c8ww1l6su 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stylized-facts-from-di-r-erent-countries-3rvl3slm.png Table 1. Stylized Facts from Di®erent Countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-predicted-sample-moments-3e63xtaf.png Table 2. Predicted Sample Moments¤ https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-predicted-second-moments-11zc9tlu.png Table 6. Predicted Second Moments¤ https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-predicted-sample-moments-a-0-3mdj2ql3.png Table 4. Predicted Sample Moments (Á = 0)¤ https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predicted-sample-moments-rcsfrgn5.png Table 3. Predicted Sample Moments¤ https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-kalman-filter-5f4m0lw315 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regression-of-0-on-e-3jbtwzwq.png Figure 1. Regression of 0, on e , https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-role-of-alterations-in-cortical-d1-5ennuiz7hx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-delay-associated-state-of-the-mesocortical-2rmc7upb.png Fig 2. The delay-associated state of the mesocortical dynamics is characterized by the global equilibrium state of its various dynamical elements. (A) Given a fixed value of D1R-sensitivity D1Rsens (here D1Rsens = 3, normal control), the bifurcation profiles of the dynamical elements are shown with DA releasability RDA as the bifurcation parameter. Critical RDA, and the corresponding critical cortical dopamine content [DA] and D1R stimulation level D1Ract, mark the beginning of bistable regime favoring the working memory maintenance during delay period. The higher stable states of the bifurcation profiles are together associated with the sustained-firing state of the cortical dynamics whereas the lower stable states together signify the basal spontaneous-activity state. The ranges of [DA] and D1Ract spanned by their higher stable states represent the spans or windows of cortical DA content and D1R stimulation, respectively, underlying the entire modulation profile of the cortical dynamics. The maximum limit to which [DA] or D1Ract may may increase with increase in RDA marks the saturation level. The cue-threshold in the aPN bifurcation profile signifies the minimum excitation of the pyramidal population by cue input, which causes switching to the sustained-firing state. (B) Alteration in D1Rsens further affects the bifurcation profiles. Most prominently, increase in D1Rsens causes leftward shift of the bifurcation region. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-effects-of-variation-in-d1r-sensitivity-on-the-3cb9x3ge.png Fig 3. Effects of variation in D1R-sensitivity on the critical DA releasability, on the critical as well as saturations levels of cortical DA content, and on the modulation-associated windows of DA content and D1R stimulation. Increase in D1Rsens causes significant decrease in the critical RDA (A) and [DA] (B) marking an early beginning of the bifurcation regime. The variations in critical RDA and [DA] (C) exhibit a strong positive correlation. Moreover, the saturation level of [DA] (D) significantly decreases with increase in D1Rsens, causing the modulation-associated window of DA (E) to shift to lower values as well as shrinks in its span. However, the modulation-associated window of D1R stimulation (F) does not vary with change in D1Rsens. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-effects-of-variation-in-d1r-sensitivity-on-the-wm-2hnp6bxn.png Fig 8. Effects of variation in D1R-sensitivity on the WM-robustness in terms of potential barrier (PB). Increase in D1Rsens causes a consistent decrease in the PB of any individual level of sustained activity either sampled from the pre-peak (A) or from the post-peak (B) set of the modulation profile of cortical sustained aPN activity. The percentage activities are with respect to the peak (100%) sustained activity. (C) The percent decrease in the average PB of pre-peak and post-peak sets across increase in D1Rsens shows higher vulnerability of the pre-peak set to change in D1R-sensitivity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-effects-of-variation-in-d1r-sensitivity-on-the-wm-121lpfc4.png Fig 9. Effects of variation in D1R-sensitivity on the WM-robustness in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Similar to the PB, increase in D1Rsens causes a consistent decrease in the SNR of any individual level of sustained activity either sampled from the pre-peak (A) or from the post-peak (B) set of the modulation profile of cortical sustained aPN activity. The percentage activities are with respect to the peak (100%) sustained activity. (C) The percent decrease in the average SNR of the pre-peak and post-peak sets across increase in D1Rsens indicates higher vulnerability of the pre-peak set to change in D1R-sensitivity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-parameters-present-in-the-mathematical-model-21avmco1.png Table 2. List of parameters present in the mathematical model and its stochastic framework along with their values. The parameters with values in bold font are the free parameters varied in the present study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-model-of-the-closed-loop-mesocortical-circuit-a-a-da7fxgkh.png Fig 1. Model of the closed-loop mesocortical circuit. (A) A three-dimensional minimal rendering of the human brain essentially featuring the anatomical localization of the two brain regions, DLPFC and VTA, whose reciprocal interaction constitutes the mesocortical circuit. (B) A simplified illustration of the synaptic contact made by a terminal of the dopaminergic afferent projections onto a pyramidal neuron or GABAergic interneuron in the cortex. The DA-releasability (RDA) and D1R-sensitivity (D1Rsens) are the presynaptic and postsynaptic factors, respectively, which crucially regulate the transmission at dopaminergic synapses. (C) In the neural mass model of the mesocortical circuit, the cortical neurons are broadly categorized into the populations of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory GABAergic interneurons. The excitatory population, on receiving cue input, self excites itself (with the synaptic efficacy WPP) and also excites the population of inhibitory neurons in the cortex (WPI) as well as DA neurons in midbrain (WPD). On excitation, the inhibitory population inhibits excitatory population (WIP) as well as itself (WII) whereas the DA neuron population releases DA in the cortex (RDA) through dopaminergic projections and causes accumulation of the cortical DA pool, [DA]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effects-of-variation-in-d1r-sensitivity-on-the-range-2yaw4fww.png Fig 5. Effects of variation in D1R-sensitivity on the range of optimal DA facilitating optimal WM maintenance. (A) An illustration for the concept of optimal DA range or window associated with the region of optimal sustained aPN activity. It is assumed here that the sustained pyramidal activity above 80% of the peak activity in the modulation profile facilitates efficient WM maintenance. (B) The optimal DA window is seen to considerably shrink and shift to lower values as the D1Rsens is increased. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-global-potential-landscape-of-the-noisy-1y9pezvo.png Fig 6. The global potential landscape of the noisy mesocortical dynamics. For the normal control parameters DA-releasability (RDA = 0.0058nM. ms−1) and D1R-sensitivity (D1Rsens = 3) of the mesocortical dynamics, the global potential landscape is shown over the aPN-D1Ract plane, along with its contour projection onto the plane. The system in sustained-firing state is depicted by a ball sitting in the corresponding basin of attraction whose depth provides the potential barrier (PB) restricting the noise-induced transition of the system to spontaneous-activity state. The contour projection illustrates the fluctuation size in the system state around its mean point, which governs the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the cortical sustained activity facilitating WM maintenance. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-structure-of-school-staff-advice-relations-4xxea11wf7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-average-degrees-by-actor-attributes-14x7w6oj.png Table 5. Average degrees by actor attributes. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-structural-network-parameters-included-in-the-advice-1nc4b6n3.png Table 3. Structural network parameters included in the advice-seeking model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-of-ergm-results-for-advice-ties-10vljxn7.png Table 6. Summary of ERGM results for advice ties. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-demographics-of-the-sample-school-staff-2wki03gh.png Table 2. Demographics of the sample school staff. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-summary-of-network-statistics-1xuygxmh.png Table 4. Summary of network statistics. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-demographics-of-the-sample-schools-y2lyy92a.png Table 1. Demographics of the sample schools. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-advice-seeking-networks-in-participant-schools-node-36lx5d1t.png Figure 2. Advice-seeking networks in participant schools (node size weighted by out-degree centrality of the actor node and colour represents subject taught grouping). https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-women-s-help-seeking-with-intimate-partner-3nwizscxzm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-from-who-the-women-sought-help-for-lifetime-physical-315v9388.png Table 2: From who the women sought help for lifetime physical and/or sexual IPV 427 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-factors-associated-with-women-help-seeking-for-148mdm78.png Table 3: Factors associated with women help seeking for lifetime physical and/or sexual IPV 434 from anyone 435 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-association-of-women-life-time-experiences-of-3ujkb6wr.png Table 1: The association of women life time experiences of physical and/or sexual IPV and 420 seeking help for IPV 421 422 https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-the-working-time-of-developers-in-it-companies-42pvqv4ljd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-results-of-the-qualitative-survey-2oaax2vd.png Fig. 4. Results of the qualitative survey https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-degree-to-which-work-is-performed-outside-of-the-3dqklycp.png Fig. 3. The degree to which work is performed outside of the commonly expected working hours. There is a rotated kernel density plot on each side, which shows the distribution of the data. The black bar in the middle represents the quartile range, the extended line represents the 95% confidence interval, and the white point represents the median. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-clustering-result-a-and-b-show-the-average-commit-29m20eyc.png Fig. 2. Clustering Result. (a) and (b) show the average commit frequency of each detected pattern during each hour of the day on weekdays and weekends. (c) describes the number of companies in each pattern. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-temporal-distributions-of-commit-activities-in-three-2uvdk7e6.png Fig. 1. Temporal distributions of commit activities in three companies. The x axis represents for 24 hours of the day and the y axis represents for seven days of the week. The color bars on the right show the mappings of commit frequency to the darkness of the color. The darker the color of a time slot, the higher the commit frequency during the period. Company A is a leading Internet company in China with a history of more than 20 years. Company B is a startup in China which was founded in 2014, maintaining a platform for discovering and sharing technologies. Company C is an American company offering business and employment-oriented services that operates via websites and mobile apps. https://scispace.com/papers/understanding-uncertainties-in-future-colorado-river-27n6b6si3r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-colorado-river-flows-at-lees-ferry-and-paleoclimate-2d0an9pc.png FIG. 2. Colorado River flows at Lees Ferry and paleoclimate reconstructions that provide evidence of drought occurrence and persistence over the past 2000 years. (a) Naturalized streamflow values from the USBR (2012) from 1906 to 2008. (b) Streamflow reconstruction 762–2005 at Lees Ferry from the Upper Colorado River Flow Reconstruction dataset (Meko et al. 2012), as described in Meko et al. (2007); confidence intervals were generated using RMSE values. (c) Soil moisture reconstruction (black line) from Cook et al. (2012) using an average of six Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) points representing the Four Corners region from 0 to 2006, as reported by Routson et al. (2011). Reconstructed flow values (red line) are provided as reference and are the same as in (b). The reality of the second-century megadrought has been recently confirmed by Routson et al. (2011), with strong indications that the longest multidecadal megadrought observed in the last 2000 years lasted close to 50 years. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-approaches-to-generating-future-projections-dotted-2g757xc8.png FIG. 1. Approaches to generating future projections. Dotted lines indicate possible future studies. Land surface models (LSMs) are often incorporated into GCMs and RCMs, or they can be run (usually after downscaling) offline, in which case they use output from climate models (e.g., precipitation, temperature, wind speed) and essentially serve as macroscale hydrology models. Paleoclimate data can also be used to evaluate and improve how GCMs simulate historical climate. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-precipitation-minus-evaporation-anomalies-from-gcm-1i8zpxeb.png FIG. 3. Precipitation-minus-evaporation anomalies from GCM output for grids over the upper basin (which contribute to flows at Lees Ferry). Anomalies are relative to the individual GCM’s climatology from 1950 to 2000. Anomalies have been filtered using a 10-yr moving average. Black lines are median values; gray area is the interquartile range. (a) The effect of differences in GCMs for just the A1B scenario, where the nonunion GCMs are those included in Seager, but not in C&L. (b) Differences between scenarios (A2, A1B, and B1) for just the 11 GCMs used in C&L. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-top-precipitation-elasticities-and-bottom-temperature-s7x4rf40.png FIG. 5. (top) Precipitation elasticities and (bottom) temperature sensitivities at Lees Ferry. Values to the left of the dashed line are from Vano et al. (2012); values to the right of the dashed line are the Sacramento Operational (SAC op) model and the TWB computations. Tmax&min shows sensitivity values that result from changes to both minimum and maximum temperatures, whereas Tminfixed shows results from changes applied only to maximum temperatures [see Vano et al. (2012) for details]. SAC op and TWB models only use a single average temperature (Tavg). Note: some models are better able to reproduce observed hydrologic characteristics, providing some basis for identifying preferred models; see Vano et al. (2012) for details. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-influence-of-spatial-resolution-on-upper-colorado-9mr1ycwz.png FIG. 4. Influence of spatial resolution on upper Colorado River basin runoff. When the 1/8° climate forcing dataset (monthly temperature and precipitation) was aggregated to 1/2°, 1°, and 2° resolutions, the annual average TWB modeled runoff (black line in far right panel) declines and temperature sensitivities (orange line in far right panel) become more negative. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-studies-used-in-evaluating-future-30ymqyvm.png TABLE 1. Details of studies used in evaluating future Colorado streamflow. https://scispace.com/papers/une-mission-originale-pour-la-bibliotheque-de-l-ecole-tav87v9bj8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-reconstitution-du-laboratoire-de-gay-lussac-267qgnn8.png Fig. 5 - Reconstitution du laboratoire de Gay-Lussac https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-portrait-du-commandant-pinet-x-1864-bibliothecaire-de-159d1amg.png Fig. 3 - Portrait du commandant Pinet (X 1864), bibliothécaire de l’Ecole polytechnique de 1900 à 1913 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-les-uniformes-de-lecole-polytechnique-dans-la-vitrine-136y041r.png Fig. 6 - Les uniformes de l’Ecole polytechnique dans la vitrine du couloir de la restauration https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-la-salle-dhonneur-de-lecole-polytechnique-en-1908-3jolag99.png Fig. 2 - La salle d’honneur de l’Ecole polytechnique en 1908 https://scispace.com/papers/unemployment-and-labour-force-participation-in-sweden-10nx2f9lsq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-cointegration-tests-3c63ilck.png Table 2. Cointegration tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-univariate-unit-root-tests-on-individual-series-3lu7bhnd.png Table 1. Univariate unit-root tests on individual series. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-unemployment-and-labour-force-participation-rates-2y6tosjw.png Figure 1. Unemployment and labour-force participation rates in Sweden, January 1970 to April 2007. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-estimated-cointegrating-vector-in-preferred-model-1dpruk85.png Table 4. Estimated cointegrating vector in preferred model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-tests-of-restrictions-in-cointegrated-var-luw4gdro.png Table 3. Tests of restrictions in cointegrated VAR. https://scispace.com/papers/unemployment-and-mortality-evidence-from-the-psid-471ipo2nff 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mortality-circulatory-disease-2vgxo4sg.png Table 7: Mortality: Circulatory Disease https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-regression-of-unemployment-rates-on-state-and-year-2dnlx48f.png Table 3: Regression of Unemployment Rates on State and Year Fixed Effects (1) (2) (3) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-robustness-checks-for-men-60-and-under-2jrgm37d.png Table 4: Robustness Checks for Men 60 and Under https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-robustness-checks-for-women-60-and-under-3h6fsylp.png Table 5: Robustness Checks for Women 60 and Under https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-men-women-2ddk19v4.png Table 1: Descriptive Statistics Men Women https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-mortality-neoplasm-91xnozxb.png Table 6: Mortality: Neoplasm https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mortality-any-cause-3anuy364.png Table 2: Mortality: Any Cause https://scispace.com/papers/unemployment-scarring-by-gender-human-capital-depreciation-62b6py247a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-unstandardized-coefficients-for-the-stigma-effect-of-119ezj5u.png Table 2 Unstandardized coefficients for the stigma effect of unemployment on subsequent log of hourly wages, from fixed- effects models by gender, The Netherlands 1980–2000. Source: Authors’ calculations, using data from the OSA Supply Panels, 1985–2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1a-workers-wage-observations-across-the-nine-waves-3amrbzzy.png Table 1A Workers’ wage observations across the nine waves Source: Data are from the OSA supply panels, 1985–2000, Netherlands. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1a-the-kernel-distribution-of-the-rescaled-0-1-1ptoag3k.png Fig. 1A. The Kernel distribution of the rescaled (0/1) unemployment scale. Source: Data are from the OSA Supply Panels, 1985–2000, Netherlands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-unstandardized-coefficients-for-the-human-capital-39kb3lwm.png Table 1A Workers’ wage observations across the nine waves Source: Data are from the OSA supply panels, 1985–2000, Netherlands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-sensitivity-analyses-source-authors-calculations-we4sq1gc.png Table 3 Sensitivity analyses. Source: – Authors’ calculations, using data from the OSA Supply Panels, 1985–2000. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-mean-of-log-hourly-wages-by-employment-status-source-1868u9fh.png Fig. 1A. The Kernel distribution of the rescaled (0/1) unemployment scale. Source: Data are from the OSA Supply Panels, 1985–2000, Netherlands. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2a-means-standard-deviations-sd-of-workers-aged-3u8qlp79.png Table 2 Unstandardized coefficients for the stigma effect of unemployment on subsequent log of hourly wages, from fixed- effects models by gender, The Netherlands 1980–2000. Source: Authors’ calculations, using data from the OSA Supply Panels, 1985–2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1b-unemployed-men-and-women-aged-between-15-and-54-oepxwvl1.png Table 1A Workers’ wage observations across the nine waves Source: Data are from the OSA supply panels, 1985–2000, Netherlands. https://scispace.com/papers/unfccc-nationally-determined-contributions-climate-change-3nabm2jlkw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-examples-of-trade-related-response-measures-mapped-2fs45pav.png Table 5: Examples of trade-related response measures (mapped as part of the ‘Financial and direct trade https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-examples-of-indc-ndc-response-measures-to-be-25wdtemt.png Table 6: Examples of INDC/NDC response measures to be implemented through international https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-standards-and-labelling-requirements-95lqdmac.png Table 2: Examples of standards and labelling requirements included in INDCs/NDCs (including focus on https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-examples-of-response-measures-in-the-green-1yh634zw.png Table 3: Examples of response measures in the green government procurement category. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-indc-ndc-response-measures-in-the-energy-3uagdsyv.png Table 1: Examples of INDC/NDC response measures in the “Energy Sector” category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-of-the-interactions-between-2pbyhls7.png Figure 1: Conceptual model of the interactions between response measures, trade and economic https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-examples-of-domestic-financial-measures-mapped-as-2ln4fji4.png Table 4: Examples of domestic financial measures (mapped as part of the ‘Financial and direct trade https://scispace.com/papers/unequal-individual-genetic-algorithm-with-intelligent-3q4jrozeuz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-data-and-decision-variables-associated-with-the-dxpvv129.png Table 2: Data and decision variables associated with the paper plant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-percentage-of-first-second-and-third-best-solutions-3idvcgil.png Table 10: Percentage of first, second and third best solutions per method and test class. https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-percentage-of-solution-feasibility-for-each-method-2dc9kzv6.png Table 9: Percentage of solution feasibility (for each method) and solution optimality (for Cplex). Instances with one paper machine split by planning horizon size, number of grammage and number of sub-periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-11-methods-performance-with-minimum-average-and-fkdtayws.png Table 11: Methods performance with minimum, average and maximum gap for each instance class with one paper machine and considering the GA and VNS average values (of the 5 algorithm runs). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-performance-charts-for-all-three-methods-2yj09mts.png Figure 11: Performance charts for all three methods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-percentage-of-feasibility-and-optimality-for-both-2wrz8yfc.png Table 12: Percentage of feasibility and optimality for both methods, Cplex and GA. Instances with two paper machines split by planning horizon size, number of grammage and number of sub-periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ga-variant-acronym-summary-i8vsib3e.png Table 8: GA variant acronym summary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-performance-charts-aggregated-for-ga-variants-part-olbyf4vy.png Figure 5: Performance charts aggregated for GA variants - part one. https://scispace.com/papers/uniaxial-tensile-stress-strain-relationships-of-rc-elements-1a6ma4f4ox 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-test-setup-and-specimen-layout-2gj6k8vt.png Fig. 1. Test setup and specimen layout https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-wrapping-scheme-and-anchorage-system-detail-3gbwt61r.png Fig. 2. Wrapping scheme and anchorage system detail https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-stress-strain-relationships-of-steel-in-the-test-bfxu1y2u.png Fig. 7. Stress strain relationships of steel in the test https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comprasion-of-the-experimental-results-and-eqns-10-14-113m090r.png Fig. 6. Comprasion of the experimental results and Eqns. (10)-(14) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-comparison-of-experimental-and-code-values-of-crack-dzbc6dkn.png Fig. 11. Comparison of experimental and code values of crack spacing:(a) EC292;(b) EC2-4;(c) fib14(2001) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-crack-width-details-2f4mwp20.png Fig. 10. Crack width details https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-the-material-properties-14y3rbgo.png Table 1. Summary of the Material Properties https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-parameters-studies-of-the-tension-stiffening-equations-jbqf6xci.png Fig. 5. Parameters studies of the tension stiffening equations https://scispace.com/papers/unibody-microscope-objective-tipped-with-a-microsphere-2sdiq31req 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-unibody-pcm-objective-imaging-system-a-2dpd1ni8.png Fig. 1. Schematic of unibody PCM-objective imaging system. (a) Preparation of PCM lens and installation of unibody PCM objective. (b) Selfdeveloped imaging system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-scanning-super-resolution-imaging-and-image-stitching-1pyj8pv4.png Fig. 4. Scanning super-resolution imaging and image stitching. (a) Single frame image of IC chip sample. (b) Stitched image of 10× 10 frames. (c) Single frame image of the Blu-ray disc. (d) Stitched image of 20× 2 frames. (e) Single frame image of complex structure of the IC chip. (f ) Stitched image of 13× 10 frames. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-investigation-of-resolvability-of-the-pcm-lens-from-otisdoa6.png Fig. 3. Investigation of resolvability of the PCM lens from different WDs. (a) SEM image of a Blu-ray disc with 200 nm strips and 100 nm grooves. (b)–(i) Blu-ray disc image taken by the PCM lens with 38µm BTG microspheres embedded at different WDs. The scale bar in (a) is 1µm and in (b)– (i) is 10µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-investigation-of-magnifications-m-of-the-pcm-lens-from-ju2jz7jy.png Fig. 2. Investigation of magnifications (M) of the PCM lens from different working distances (WDs). (a) SEM image of IC chip with 400 nm blocks and 200 nm intervals. (b) IC chip image taken by optical objective (40X, 0.6 N.A.). (c) Curve of magnification of three sizes of microspheres with WDs. (d)–(f ) PCM lens with 25, 38, and 52µm BTG microspheres embedded. Magnifications (M) of each size lens were evaluated by different WDs. The scale bar in (b) is 2µm and in (d)–(f ) is 20µm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-modelling-of-pcm-lens-focusing-properties-y-z-plane-374enluc.png Fig. 5. Modelling of PCM lens focusing properties. y − z-plane electric field intensity distribution of 38 µm BTG microspheres encapsulated by PDMS with (a) 0%, (b) 20%, (c) 40%, (d) 60%, (e) 80%, and (f ) 100%. (g) Comparison of |E |2 enhancement along the z axis between different capsulation cases. (h) Comparison of FWHM along the y axis between different capsulation cases. https://scispace.com/papers/unidirectional-control-of-optically-induced-spin-waves-145v8yg7u2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-circularly-polarized-pump-pulses-3rk645ut.png Figure 1. Experimental setup: Circularly polarized pump pulses are focused onto two parallel stripes on the sample. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-spatiotemporal-plot-of-the-spin-wave-intensity-when-2n5iq6po.png Figure 3. Spatiotemporal plot of the spin-wave intensity when polarization helicity is reversed: (a) experimental and (b) calculated results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-stripe-spacing-dependence-of-the-propagation-ratio-3gjf3j9c.png Figure 4. Stripe spacing dependence of the propagation ratio. Squares (black open: experiment, blue filled: simulation) show propagation to the right. Circles (red open: experiment, green filled: simulation) show propagation to the left. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-results-of-spatial-spin-wave-manipulation-2yu3yfmq.png Figure 5. Numerical results of spatial spin-wave manipulation by a phased array (9-spot array). The graph (left) gives the initial phase distribution for the intensity plot (right) at 2 ns after the spin-wave generation. Green spots indicate positions of pump spots, and green arrows show the direction of the spin-wave propagation. (a) Same phase: propagation is perpendicular to the array, (b) Linear phase shift: propagation is tilted, (c) Parabolic phase shift: spin wave converges. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-experimental-and-numerical-results-of-spin-wave-3aiuz5pn.png Figure 2. Experimental and numerical results of spin-wave interference. The spatiotemporal plots present spatial position along the abscissa and time delay for spin-wave generation from the right stripe along the ordinate: (a) waveform of the propagated spin wave, (b) spin-wave intensity, and (c) calculated spin-wave intensity. The origin is set at the center of pump1. https://scispace.com/papers/unified-approach-for-universal-quantum-gates-in-a-coupled-1oht7pnwgd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-arbitrary-single-qubit-rotation-about-an-1oxp2evj.png FIG. 2. Color online Arbitrary single-qubit rotation about an axis perpendicular to z axis in the coupled SQUID flux qubits. a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-single-qubit-operation-u-on-q1-and-its-2ury0gsq.png FIG. 1. Color online Single-qubit operation U on Q1 and its equivalent operations by two controlled two-qubit gates U1,0 4 and U1,1 4 in a coupled two-qubit system. The 0 -controlled gate and 1 -controlled gate are denoted by the open and closed circles for the state of Q2 being 0 and 1 , respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-creation-of-the-bell-states-in-the-1z9lpaot.png FIG. 3. Color online Creation of the Bell states in the coupled SQUID flux qubits. a Quantum circuit: the state ij evolves into an entangled state Bij after two controlled two-qubit Hadamard gates and one CNOT gate. b Microwave pulses: two /2 pulses xC1 and xC2 are applied to the Q1 first and then a pulse xT is applied to the Q2. c Population evolution: the coupled qubits evolve into a product state 00 + 10 / 2 from the initial state 00 after the first two /2 pulses and then into a Bell state 00 + 11 / 2 from the product state after the second pulse. https://scispace.com/papers/unique-a-user-centric-framework-for-network-identity-6otjex5seg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-identity-account-example-360q475z.png Figure 4 Identity Account Example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-ispp-scenarios-10u1l79d.png Figure 5 ISPP Scenarios https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-sigmoidal-responsive-system-sgaoozxn.png Figure 10 Sigmoidal Responsive System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ispp-message-interaction-pull-model-1fc8tw1i.png Figure 6 ISPP Message Interaction (Pull Model) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-trust-in-identity-environment-3ue5l8cr.png Figure 9 Trust in Identity Environment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ispp-message-interaction-push-model-1n5dom8d.png Figure 7 ISPP Message Interaction (Push Model) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-identity-management-system-5hzp2weh.png Figure 1 Identity Management System https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-vital-identity-attributes-mxbvj516.png Figure 8 Vital Identity Attributes https://scispace.com/papers/unit-root-and-stationarity-testing-with-empirical-1ycrvjabzx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-kernel-density-distributions-of-simulated-t-for-p-2idr6mu4.png Figure 5 Kernel density distributions of simulated τ for P-tests. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-kernel-density-distributions-of-simulated-t-for-df-2rx203xu.png Figure 4 Kernel density distributions of simulated τ for DF-GLS tests. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-list-of-panel-unit-root-and-stationarity-tests-3qr2etgj.png Table 3 List of panel unit root and stationarity tests https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-logarithms-of-industrial-production-for-cee-4-138uzv1s.png Figure 3 The logarithms of industrial production for CEE-4 countries https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimated-arma-and-arima-orders-and-coefficients-3687muv4.png Table 5 Estimated ARMA and ARIMA orders and coefficients https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-and-normality-test-of-ipp-3ax2ss5s.png Table 4 Descriptive statistics and normality test of IPP https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-list-of-univariate-unit-root-and-stationarity-tests-1ynokn13.png Table 2 List of univariate unit root and stationarity tests https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-results-from-simulation-based-tests-vjrlea2i.png Table 6 Results from simulation based tests https://scispace.com/papers/unit-root-vector-autoregression-with-volatility-induced-r93xas4grf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-conditional-variance-and-residuals-2ki2mqvd.png Figure 3: Conditional variance and residuals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-kernel-density-estimates-of-the-simulated-2lkcxhq7.png Figure 1: Kernel density estimates of the simulated distributions of the estimated parameters. Simulations are based on = 200 (red curve) and = 400 (green curve) observations and 104 Monte Carlo replications. Thin black curves represent Gaussian distributions with matching mean and variance, and vertical lines indicate the true values in the data generating process. The parameters are given by = −05, = 0, 1 = 2 = 02, 11 = 1, 12 = 05, 22 = 1, = 05, and ⊥ = ⊥⊥ = 025. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-estimation-results-for-the-model-in-18-19-standard-355tdrau.png Table 1: Estimation results for the model in (18)-(19). Standard errors in parentheses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-monthly-us-interest-rates-1981-2006-22jh9zd8.png Figure 2: Monthly US interest rates, 1981-2006. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-and-language-specific-predictors-of-early-word-w1ks9ysd1n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlations-of-native-language-and-cognitive-skills-2inttyii.png Table 4 Correlations of Native Language and Cognitive Skills With Reading Performance https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-native-language-and-wfpmo2y9.png Table 3 Descriptive Statistics of Native Language and Cognitive Skills https://scispace.com/papers/universal-aspects-of-macromolecules-in-polymer-blends-1rs8njtwgp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-j2-vs-t1-in-the-lcst-blend-dps-mw-5246-000-pvme-3qxbluxk.png FIG. 2. ~a! j2 vs T1 in the LCST blend dPS (MW 5246 000)-PVME (MW5201 000),fd50.19. ~b! j 2 vs T1 in the UCST blenddPS (MW52620)-PPMS (MW52530), fdPS50.48. Solid lines are described by the mean-field equationj225jmf 22u1 2TC /Tu with parametersjmf515.760.05 Å, TC5431.1560.1 K (dPS-PVME) and jmf56.760.05 Å, TC5233.7560.5 K (dPS-PPMS). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-color-master-curve-for-the-correlation-length-in-mygealh7.png FIG. 4. ~Color! Master curve for the correlation length in various systems, which exhibit theQ temperatures in their phase dia grams. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-a-lower-q-temperatures-ql-of-the-lcst-blendsdps-2je0z3mm.png FIG. 3. ~Color! ~a! Lower Q temperatures (QL) of the LCST blendsdPS-PVME obtained using conditionx50 ~* ! and Eq.~8! ~s! from the datax(T) andj(T) tabulated in@4,25#; , andn areQL reported in@12,16#. The inset shows the upperQ temperatures (QU) for the UCST blendsdPS-PPMS calculated from Eq.~8!. Solid lines are guides to the eye.~b! Generic phase diagram of the weakly interacti UCST and LCSTQ homopolymer blends~one component deuterated!. The vertical dotted lines correspond tof5f* of the dilute component. The RPA is valid in blue domains and breaks down in the strong asymmetry limit~dark blue and reddish domains! due to the shrinking or swelling of polymer coils of the minority component. https://scispace.com/papers/universal-probabilistic-programming-a-powerful-new-approach-3q7i2q49uq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-probabilistic-graphical-model-describing-constant-1jtntnmq.png Fig. 1 A probabilistic graphical model describing constant rate birth–death (CRBD). The square boxes are fixed nodes (parameters of the gamma distributions) and the circles are random variables. The shaded https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-phylogenetic-trees-generated-by-a-birth-death-process-gpyskky8.png Fig. 2 Phylogenetic trees generated by a birth–death process. Two trees with extinct side branches (thin lines), each corresponding to the same https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relations-between-the-diversification-models-j5slifbc.png Fig. 3 Relations between the diversification models considered in the paper. Arrows and symbols mark the variable transformations needed to convert one diversification model into another. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-comparison-of-diversification-models-for-four-bird-2bhnwgz2.png Fig. 4 Comparison of diversification models for four bird clades exemplifying different patterns. Alcedinidae: simple models are adequate; Muscicapidae: slowing diversification but no or weak lineage-specific effects; Accipitridae: gradual (ClaDS) lineage-specific changes in diversification; and Lari: evidence for both gradual (ClaDS) and for punctuated (BAMM and LSBDS) lineage-specific changes in diversification. The top row shows the https://scispace.com/papers/universal-transformation-of-displacement-operators-and-its-1xyayw7vu0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-unitary-has-been-moved-to-the-frame-of-the-2mnob7cm.png FIG. 5. The unitary has been moved to the frame of the observer by introducing the basis transformation operator. In this decomposition, all interactions are conducted in one reference frame; thus, the standard self-homodyne detection scheme can be implemented. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-utilizing-the-technique-of-the-circuit-model-and-3s4yjwmz.png FIG. 6. Utilizing the technique of the circuit model and universal transformation of displacement operators, we can move all the operators to the signaller’s reference frame. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-1th-1-dimensional-representation-of-the-trajectories-2p8pjx37.png FIG. 1. A (1þ 1)-dimensional representation of the trajectories followed by an observer accelerated to the right (Rob) and left (anti-Rob). These observers live in parts of space-time known as the right and left Rindler wedges. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-plot-which-compares-the-balanced-and-selfhomodyne-3j312ili.png FIG. 10. A plot which compares the balanced- and selfhomodyne detection scheme to the ideal homodyne detection scheme. We have utilized the following settings: a ¼ 1, v0 ¼ 2.5, ω0 ¼ 0.5, σ ¼ 0.2, jβgj ¼ 1, ψ ¼ π=4, and ωmin ¼ 1. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-we-write-the-trajectories-that-are-followed-by-rob-121nrhnd.png FIG. 2. We write the trajectories that are followed by Rob, antiRob and the Minkowski-delayed Rob (Rob’) and anti-Rob (antiRob’). World lines of the red line are the ones followed by Rob’ and anti-Rob’. Anti-Rob and Rob are causally disconnected, as well as anti-Rob’ and Rob’. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-a-plot-which-demonstrates-how-the-local-phase-at-the-e7vh3heo.png FIG. 7. A plot which demonstrates how the local phase at the horizon affects the variance. We have utilized the following settings: a ¼ 1, V0 ¼ 1, k0 ¼ 1, σ ¼ 0.2, jβfj ¼ 1, ψ ¼ π=3, and ωmin ¼ 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-plot-which-compares-the-balanced-and-self-homodyne-357noc90.png FIG. 8. A plot which compares the balanced- and self-homodyne detection schemes to the idealized homodyne detection scheme. We have utilized the following settings: a ¼ 1, V0 ¼ 1, k0 ¼ 1, σ ¼ 0.2, jβfj ¼ 1, ψ ¼ π=3, and ωmin ¼ 10−3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-plot-which-compares-the-balanced-and-self-homodyne-36vu4hrk.png FIG. 9. A plot which compares the balanced- and self-homodyne detection schemes to the idealized homodyne detection scheme. We have utilized the following settings: a ¼ 1, v0 ¼ 2.5, ω0 ¼ 0.5, σ ¼ 0.2, jβgj ¼ 1, ψ ¼ π=4, and ωmin ¼ 10−3. https://scispace.com/papers/universities-as-anchor-institutions-in-cities-in-a-turbulent-4owxd9qqd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-english-cities-by-broad-region-size-and-number-of-1gwevp6f.png Table 1: English cities by broad region, size and number of universities https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-loadings-on-the-4-principal-components-39qa0br7.png Table 2: Loadings on the 4 Principal Components https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-distribution-of-universities-across-cities-agxjo6w5.png Table 4: Distribution of universities across cities classified by employment rate and dependency https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-index-of-vulnerability-scores-by-quartile-for-1elajr12.png Table 3: Index of vulnerability scores by quartile, for universities of different types https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-university-vulnerability-within-cities-classified-by-2ouvlll3.png Table 5: University vulnerability within cities classified by employment rate and dependency https://scispace.com/papers/unplanned-hospital-visits-after-ambulatory-surgical-care-5b1zbn9yc2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-patients-undergoing-ambulatory-ydcpmj5o.png Table 1. Characteristics of patients undergoing ambulatory same-day surgery at HOPDs and ASCs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-bivariate-predictors-of-30-day-unplanned-hospital-13ttdfbm.png Table 2. Bivariate predictors of 30-day unplanned hospital visits. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-risk-standardized-rates-all-organ-systems-adjusted-20x92lla.png Fig 3. Risk standardized rates, all organ systems. Adjusted predictors: Gender, age, Elixhauser Index, organ system, type of facility. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-daily-rate-of-unplanned-hospital-visits-following-all-15ucno16.png Fig 1. Daily rate of unplanned hospital visits following all same day surgery. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-overall-rate-of-unplanned-hospital-visits-by-system-qt3uooyv.png Fig 2. Overall rate of unplanned hospital visits by system. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-risk-adjusted-rates-by-organ-system-211xp5g3.png Table 3. Risk adjusted rates by organ system. https://scispace.com/papers/unraveling-exciton-kinetics-of-electroluminescence-in-4j3tqspn8a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-variation-of-pl-decay-lifetimes-of-two-populations-fvcin0fj.png Figure 2. Variation of PL decay lifetimes of two populations obtained from two-component exponential fit of the decay curves in a) capacitor device and b) LED device. Variation of photon count with bias for each population and their total, obtained from integrating the area below the decay curves for c) capacitor device and d) LED device. https://scispace.com/papers/unraveling-intra-aggregate-structural-disorder-using-single-lid8o1i5bs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-comparison-between-theory-blue-and-experiment-red-for-1qwjba7f.png FIG. 6. Comparison between theory (blue) and experiment (red) for the linewidth correlation plot and the distributions for W−, W+, E−, E+, and ΔE, allowing for continuous disorder in α and β. The experimental data for the latter five distributions are taken from Ref. 45. The panel for the correlation plot also gives the best linear regressions through the experimental and theoretical data points, with the corresponding slopes and offsets; the other panels give the mean values and standard deviations for the experimental and theoretical distributions. For the calculations, we used ⟨α⟩ = 42.2○, σα = 1.0○, ⟨β⟩ = 52.7○, σβ = 2.0○, and Lc = 40 rings. The angle γ was set to the fixed value of 7.1○. All other parameters were chosen as indicated at the start of Sec. IV; the homogeneous width of all exciton transitions was taken to be Γq = 50 cm−1. The length of the simulated aggregates was set to N1 = 1000 rings (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-comparison-between-theory-blue-and-experiment-red-for-q83729dy.png FIG. 5. Comparison between theory (blue) and experiment (red) for the linewidth correlation plot and the distributions for W−, W+, E−, E+, and ΔE including continuous disorder in α only. The experimental data for the latter five distributions are taken from Ref. 45. The panel for the correlation plot also gives the best linear regressions through the experimental and theoretical data points, with the corresponding slopes and offsets; the other panels give the mean values and standard deviations for the experimental and theoretical distributions. For the calculations, we used ⟨α⟩ = 41.1○, σα = 2.5○, and Lc = 70 rings. The angles β and γ were set to fixed values of 51.6○ and 10.9○, respectively, being the averages of the values for these angles used to fit the spectra for aggregates 1–4 in Ref. 45. All other parameters were chosen as indicated at the start of Sec. IV, except for the homogeneous linewidths, for which we used Γ− = 80 cm−1 for transitions with polarization parallel to the tube’s axis and Γ+ = 100 cm−1 for the perpendicular transitions. The length of the simulated aggregates was set to N1 = 1000 rings (see text). https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-presentation-of-the-statistical-properties-of-g99uo17g.png TABLE II. Presentation of the statistical properties of spectra simulated using the continuous disorder model when varying the three model parameters σα, σβ, and Lc around their optimal values that generated the fits in Fig. 6. The first column names the statistical property considered (where μ indicates its mean and σ its standard deviation; SlopeW is the slope of the linear regression of the linewidth correlation plot, and W+ intercept its intercept), the second column presents the experimental value, the third column shows the value obtained in the optimal fit of Fig. 6 (where σα = 1○, σβ = 2○, and Lc = 40 rings), and the remaining columns display the variations when changing the model parameters characterizing the disorder as indicated above each column. In all cases displayed, only one parameter was changed at a time (for instance, in the column where σα is varied, the results are quoted keeping σβ and Lc at their optimal values). The full search for the optimal fit was not restricted to only changing one model parameter at a time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-correlation-between-the-linewidths-of-the-upper-and-30ozald9.png FIG. 1. Correlation between the linewidths of the upper and lower-exciton transitions obtained from the two-state fits of the polarization dependent fluorescence excitation spectra on 52 individual nanotubular ZnChl aggregates, as performed in the study reported in Ref. 45. Each red dot in the graph specifies the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the lower (W−) and higher (W+) exciton states. The crosses represent the experimental data for the four specific nanotubes analyzed in Ref. 45. The black dashed line is the diagonal of the graph, while the red solid line represents the best linear regression of all data points, with a slope of 0.8 and an offset of 21.7 cm−1. https://scispace.com/papers/unprecedented-halide-ion-binding-and-catalytic-activity-of-2tx4cx6w3w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-investigation-on-halide-ion-adding-into-almo6ch3-iiwj25u0.png Figure 3. a) Investigation on halide ion adding into AlMo6CH3 at 10.0 mM in acetonitrile-d3 at 298K; b) Variable temperature 1H NMR spectrum to detect the hydrogen bond between POM and halide ion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-molecular-structures-of-a-almo6ch3-cl-b-almo6ch3-br-dd6fg6we.png Figure 1. Molecular structures of a) AlMo6CH3∙Cl b) AlMo6CH3∙Br, with thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-binding-of-cl-regulated-catalytic-activity-of-6vqt7ovx.png Figure 4. The binding of Cl- regulated catalytic activity of POMs. Colour codes for spheres in space filling models: dark grey, H; light grey, C; red, O; cyan, Al; green, Cl; blue, Mo. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-investigate-the-chloride-ion-influence-on-oxidation-1nwd8ekw.png Table 1. Investigate the chloride ion influence on oxidation of benzyl alcohol with AlMo6CH3 catalysts. Entry Substrate Conversion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-1h-nmr-spectrum-of-almo6ch3-at-10-0-mm-in-3uhi879r.png Figure 2. a) 1H NMR spectrum of AlMo6CH3 at 10.0 mM in acetonitrile-d3 at 298K; b) Variable temperature 1H NMR spectrum of AlMo6CH3 at 10.0 mM in acetonitrile-d3; c) The transformation between dimer state and monomer state. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-endmember-extraction-application-to-3wqkvcicn8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-correlation-coeffients-for-a-m1-b-m2-c-m3-calculated-1osfwvgw.png Fig. 4. Correlation coeffients for (a) m1; (b) m2; (c) m3 calculated under different SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-extracted-spectra-of-h2o-co2-and-dust-by-vca-when-snr-2ctexqle.png Fig. 5. Extracted spectra of H2O, CO2 and Dust by VCA when SNR = 11dB. Solid lines represent the spectral signatures obtained by VCA; while the dash lines represent the most similar reference spectra. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-likelihood-function-h-i-when-snr-11-1db-b-number-of-uy8dlbvs.png Fig. 3. (a) Likelihood function H̃(i) when SNR = 11.1dB; (b) Number of endmembers estimated by our approach (represented by circles) and the approach of [2] (represented by cross) as the function of SNR. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-reference-spectral-signatures-of-the-3-endmembers-1fc0ey7c.png Fig. 2. Reference spectral signatures of the 3 endmembers. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hyperspectral-image-taken-by-the-instrument-omega-on-2fvrm863.png Fig. 1. Hyperspectral image taken by the instrument OMEGA on the south pole of Mars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-a-d-spatial-abundances-estimated-by-equation-6-by-3bym7nes.png Fig. 8. (a)-(d) Spatial abundances estimated by Equation (6) by using the 4 endmembers extracted by VCA. (e) Spatial SNR of the approximation made by Equation (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-likelihood-function-h-i-calculated-on-the-image-of-32ucze5h.png Fig. 6. (a) Likelihood function H̃(i) calculated on the image of Mars; (b) H̃(i) values at the range of i ∈ [3, 30]. It can be observed that H̃(i) reaches its global maximum at i = 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-in-a-d-the-solid-lines-represent-the-4-spectral-fy2xuyn1.png Fig. 7. In (a)-(d), the solid lines represent the 4 spectral signatures obtained by VCA; while the dash lines represent the most similar reference spectra. (e) Spectral SNR of the approximation made by Equation (6). https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-extraction-of-coherent-regions-for-image-based-4atd85ka9y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-automatically-extracted-coherent-regions-in-simpl-3e45828v.png Figure 2: Automatically extracted coherent regions in simpl fied light fields. The first data setanimal family consists of 32 images (235x625) some of which are illustrated in (a). The extracted regions at different depths are depictedn (b). The second data set has 25 images (400x500) some of which are illustrated in (c).The extracted volumes corresponding to the foreground, intermediate and background regions are depicted in (d). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-image-based-object-insertion-the-synthetically-20zoy3kw.png Figure 5: Image based object insertion. The synthetically generated coherent region carved out by a teapot (a) is geometrically orthogonalized with the existing extracted volumes (b). It is then straightforward to recombine the coherent regions to recreate a scene where the teapot is inserted (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-foreground-and-background-regions-in-the-scene-1qjznl82.png Figure 1: Foreground and background regions in the scene areproj cted on to the image planes(u,v) as a function of the camera location(s,t). Both regions carve out hypervolumesH1 andH2 in the light fieldL(u,v,s,t). The intersection of these hypervolumes with a plane in(s,t) = constant corresponds to the view of the layer in that image. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-image-based-rendering-with-coherent-regions-the-trixgxas.png Figure 3: Image based rendering with coherent regions. The images in (a) and (c) show the rendered viewpoints using a single plane at the optimal depth. The images in (b) and (d) illustrate the same viewpoints rendered using the indivdual estimated constant depths for each of the extracted coherent regions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-coherent-region-extrapolation-the-extracted-volume-1bphfpii.png Figure 4: Coherent region extrapolation. The extracted volume illustrated in (a) is extrapolated along its EPI lines in order to reconstruct the occluded regions as shown in (b). This enables to reconstruct the scene, for example, by removing the region carved out by the duck and using the extrapolated background volumes (c).Note that there are some holes since some regions are never visible in the entire stack of images. The images in (d) show the original data for comparison. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-learning-of-visual-feature-hierarchies-34w6vrcei3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-object-part-decomposition-left-and-corresponding-3dnbsdwz.png Fig. 1. Object part decomposition (left) and corresponding graphical model (right). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-cluttered-scene-containing-three-instances-of-the-2vkg9a44.png Fig. 4. Cluttered scene containing three instances of the object (top) and corresponding response of the detection process for the object model (bottom). The three major peaks observed in the density map correspond to the most probable object model locations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-starting-from-the-first-level-top-the-detection-e33qa7l6.png Fig. 6. Starting from the first level (top), the detection process uses the presence of primitives to infer the location of the higher level features. The sum of the density probability function for each feature of the level is shown on the right of the image. https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-mixture-eliminating-estimation-of-equivalent-1az7ubzfzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-final-acceptance-map-14k6kmb2.png Fig. 8: The final acceptance map. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-final-acceptance-map-of-the-san-francisco-data-set-3t0l2xxw.png Fig. 16: Final acceptance map of the San Francisco data set https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-the-global-enl-estimates-of-different-methods-for-3jfffvvy.png TABLE II: The global ENL estimates of different methods for the two data sets. The NL refers to the nominal number of looks. The reference values are obtained by applying ML algorithm to manually selected homogeneous regions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-distribution-estimates-for-the-ml-meml-dtm-medtm-2flwc4l3.png Fig. 17: Distribution estimates for the ML, MEML, DTM, MEDTM method from the Flevoland data set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-18-distribution-estimates-for-the-ml-meml-dtm-medtm-j2cgm296.png Fig. 18: Distribution estimates for the ML, MEML, DTM, MEDTM method from the San Francisco data set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-final-acceptance-map-of-the-flevoland-data-set-1q2af7n9.png Fig. 15: Final acceptance map of the Flevoland data set https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-predefined-label-map-based-on-ground-truth-1u6oh20t.png Fig. 4: Predefined label map based on ground truth. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-overall-distribution-outlined-in-black-of-xhh-v-v-over-19w22oug.png Fig. 5: Overall Distribution (outlined in black) of ∆XHH,V V over the simulated images: the combination of the values from the predefined uniform windows (blue) and non-uniform windows (red) https://scispace.com/papers/unsupervised-svm-based-gridding-for-dna-microarray-images-3dfq722651 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-standard-deviation-of-pixel-intensity-as-a-function-of-237qeehc.png Fig 4. Standard deviation of pixel intensity as a function of distance between rows dr The selected point a is indicated in bold https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-effect-of-an-outlier-as-a-function-of-the-svm-47zvrpzf.png Fig. 11. The effect of an outlier as a function of the SVM cost parameter C. (a) Small value of C, (b) Large value of C https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-gridding-examples-a-large-artifact-b-and-c-small-18rx3ehv.png Fig 13. Gridding examples: (a) large artifact, (b) and (c) small artifacts, (d) noise at the top of the image https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-averaged-row-subimage-produced-by-a-rotated-2uekqmfl.png Fig. 5. (a) The averaged row subimage produced by a rotated microarray image (b) The directions of highest average intensity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-result-of-edge-detection-and-thresholding-3m8nts1q.png Fig. 6. The result of edge detection and thresholding https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-a-the-valid-spots-and-b-the-training-set-and-2ogli9kl.png Fig 10. (a) The valid spots and (b) the training set and resulting separating line produced by the SVM classifier for the separation of rows 7 and 8 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-percentage-of-correctly-gridded-spots-as-a-function-1rqsochd.png Table II: Percentage of correctly gridded spots as a function of the SVM cost parameter C and the threshold T https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-mean-and-standard-deviation-of-difference-between-21sjupg3.png Table III: Mean and standard deviation of difference between actual and detected rotation angles Δθ https://scispace.com/papers/unveiling-the-impact-of-ir-drop-on-performance-gain-in-ncfet-lna36y3wem 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-employed-schematic-of-metal-ferroelectric-metal-3ion0wf3.png Fig. 1. The employed schematic of metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulatorsemiconductor (MFMIS) and the corresponding equivalent circuit of the gate stack of NC-FinFET. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-analysis-of-processor-performance-gain-due-to-ncfet-1admue9k.png Fig. 11. Analysis of processor performance gain due to NCFET (relative to the baseline TFE0) with and without IR-drop under different VDD and switching activities. IR-drop leads, in general, to a loss in the performance gain. However, despite such a loss, NCFET always boosts the processor’s performance. The performance improvement is higher at lower VDD due to the higher gain from NC (see Fig. 3(b, c)) as well as with the increase in the ferroelectric thickness. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-our-implemented-design-flow-nc-effect-is-modeled-1gr2e3nx.png Fig. 2. Our implemented design flow. NC effect is modeled within the VerilogA code of BSIM-CMG for FinFET. The modified model is used to create NCFET-aware standard cell libraries for the 7nm technology node. Using commercial synthesis and layout tool flows, a processor is implemented to the GDSII level. Finally, IR-drop, delay and power are accurately analyzed, using commercial timing and power signoff tool flows, for the final processor’s layout including full parasitics. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-analyzing-the-increase-in-the-cells-capacitance-in-the-1kr4kk3q.png Fig. 4. Analyzing the increase in the cells’ capacitance in the 7 nm FinFET standard cell library due to the integration of NC at varied voltages. The average increase across all standard cells is reported. The thicker the ferroelectric layer, the larger the increase in the cells’ capacitance becomes. This is consistence with the previous observation in Fig. 3(a). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-device-level-analysis-for-the-effects-of-different-1p9359yy.png Fig. 3. Device-level analysis for the effects of different ferroelectric layers with varied thicknesses. (a) shows the increase in the gate capacitance due to the negative capacitance. (b) shows the differential gain over Vg . (c) shows the average gain. (d) presents the Id current over VG (at VDS = 0.7V) demonstrating the increases in ION and the reductions in SS. In general, the thicker the ferroelectric layer, the higher the gain but, as a result, CGG becomes much larger. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-shows-the-total-chip-capacitance-at-different-f9rttf4l.png Fig. 5. (a) shows the total chip capacitance at different voltages for the four NCFET cases compared to the baseline (TFE0). (b) reports the peak current through the chip at two different switching activities (α=20% and 30%) and (c) shows an example of the current map across the chip for the case of TFE4 (tfe=4nm) compared to the baseline (no ferroelectric) for α=20% and VDD=0.7V. As shown in (a, b) the NC results in increases in the total capacitance and current of chip. This increases the stress on the PDN and hence the IR-drop in NCFET becomes larger as the IR-drop map in (d) demonstrates. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ir-drop-analysis-for-different-ncfet-cases-compared-to-2teu1i9b.png Fig. 6. IR-drop analysis for different NCFET cases compared to the baseline TFE0 for different VDD and α cases. The higher the VDD and/or α, the larger the IR-drop is. NCFET always results in much larger IR-drops which reaches around 6.3x in the case of TFE4 compared to TFE0, in the case of VDD=0.7V. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-impact-of-ir-drop-on-reducing-the-internal-voltage-3e310f2n.png Fig. 7. Impact of IR-drop on reducing the internal voltage (Vint) of NCFET under different ferroelectric thicknesses. In this analysis, VG = Vds = VDD/2 is considered, which approximately corresponds to the peak IR-drop condition during CMOS switching. Larger tfe (e.g., TFE4) and/or higher α, IR-drop becomes larger (see Fig. 6) leading to a higher reduction in Vint. https://scispace.com/papers/unveiling-the-perth-canyon-and-its-deep-water-faunas-16ft1ptmg9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-resolution-multi-beam-maps-of-canyon-at-the-1jdap8f2.png Figure 3: High-resolution multi-beam maps of canyon at the six ROV sample collection sites (A – F). Black line near arrow depicts ROV track, with each dive number indicated. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-multi-beam-maps-of-the-perth-canyon-from-heap-et-al-39b31iqy.png Figure 1: Multi-beam maps of the Perth Canyon from Heap et al., 2005 (left) and this study (right). 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-multi-beam-map-of-canyon-showing-rov-faunal-37p74txn.png Figure 2: Multi-beam map of canyon showing ROV faunal collection sites: Site A (dives 2 and 8), B (dive 4), C (dive 6), D (dive 7), E (dive 5), and F (dive 9). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-regional-stratigraphy-and-age-ranges-determined-1d8i14dv.png Figure 5: Regional stratigraphy and age ranges determined from geological samples from the Perth Canyon reported in prior studies (modified from Shafik, 1991) and from the present study. Dashed line illustrates range of biostratigraphic ages from Marshall et al., 1989. Open circles denote approximate ages determined from foraminifers, solid circles and bars indicate Sr isotope age ranges of samples collected during the R/V Falkor cruise. 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-left-dissolved-nitrate-plus-nitrite-xno-and-9yf33xed.png Figure 10: Left: Dissolved nitrate plus nitrite ( XNO − ) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) vs. depth at five ROV dive sites in the Perth Canyon. 95% of all nutrient samples had ammonium concentrations less 15 than 0.5 µM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-images-of-faunas-at-the-six-rov-dive-sites-lobster-2k8ucmow.png Figure 14. Images of faunas at the six ROV dive sites. Lobster Projasus parkeri (a); hermit crab Sympagurus sp. with zoanthid Epizoanthus sp. (b); antipatharian corals (c, d); cup corals Desmophyllum dianthus (e) and Polymyces sp. (f); Acesta sp. bivalve (g); bamboo coral (h); Corallium ‘community’ hosting various taxa (i); crinoid on Corallium sp. (j); crinoids and brittle stars on dead bamboo coral (k); hexactinellid sponge (l); fossil D. dianthus deposits (m); Walteria sp. glass sponge with comensal shrimp and 5 bamboo coral (n); Solenosmilia variabilis colony (o); brittle stars, Anthomastus sp. and dead cup corals (p); Corallium sp. with brittle stars and D. dianthus (q); Mn-coated dead Corallium stump (r); hexactinellid sponges, crinoids, and fossil S. variabilis deposits (s); pelagic holothurian and antipatharian coral (t); Bigeye Ocean Perch Helicolenus sp. and stylasterids (u). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-left-stable-isotope-composition-of-oxygen-mainly-1uplhnfm.png Figure 12: Left: Stable isotope composition of oxygen (mainly water, δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) in seawater at three of the ROV dive sites (A: Glider Crash, B: Derwent Wreck, E: Amphitheatre Waterfall). Right: Seawater δ18O isotope versus salinity plot. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-top-representative-vertical-profiles-of-seawater-10t58ze8.png Figure 13: Top: Representative vertical profiles of seawater δ13C (left) and Δ14C compositions (right) from the Perth canyon 5 compared with data from earlier cruises in the region: GEOSECS-78 (1978, station 436), WOCE-95 (1995, station 435), and US CLIVAR/CO2 (2009, station 189). Satellite map show relevant sampling sites from the Falkor (Perth Canyon), GEOSECS, WOCE, and CLIVAR cruises. https://scispace.com/papers/unveiling-the-optical-properties-of-a-metamaterial-3i3h6gvm61 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-microscopy-setup-for-spectral-measurements-of-1tlgl7yl.png Figure 1. (a) Microscopy setup for spectral measurements of EBID nanopads. The sample is illuminated with white light emitted by a halogen-lamp. A beam splitter (BS) between the lamp and the first microscope objective (MO) guides part of the reflected light onto a detector. The central part of the nanopad is imaged onto a pinhole with a diameter of 600 μm placed in front of the detectors. (b) Crosssection through the nanopad and the substrate (layer thicknesses are not drawn to scale). (c) Scanning electron micrograph of an investigated EBID pad. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-the-retrieved-permittivity-of-the-1n4zptiq.png Figure 4. Comparison of the retrieved permittivity of the EBID material (green) with the Maxwell–Garnett effective medium theory for three different volume filling fractions of 15%, 20% and 25%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mie-scattering-and-absorption-cross-sections-of-f2gcpdze.png Figure 3. Mie scattering and absorption cross-sections of isolated gold particles embedded in diamond environment under plane-wave excitation. The particles have a mean diameter of 4 nm with a lognormal size distribution of 50% standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-experimental-reflectance-and-transmittance-vzvsv6m2.png Figure 2. (a) Experimental reflectance and transmittance spectra of EBID nanopads of thicknesses between 15 nm and 50 nm. (b) Retrieved permittivity as a function of the pad thickness. For the sake of clarity, the measurement noise is removed by fitting the retrieved real and imaginary parts of EBID(λ) with a polynomial function. The green curve of the thinnest deposit is expected to approximate the best material properties of nanostructures, fabricated with EBID. https://scispace.com/papers/updated-higgs-cross-section-at-approximate-n-3-lo-3q78jvoer0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-dependence-of-the-n3lo-cross-section-on-the-3983zmt9.png Figure 1. Dependence of the N3LO cross section on the renormalization scale µR. Two common choices of renormalization scale are shown as vertical bars. The approximate N3LO curves are, from top to bottom, our best approximation, the N -soft approximation, the N3LO truncation of the NNLL resummed result of Ref. [8], and the soft-0 approximation (see text for details). In all cases, the full result with finite top mass is included through NNLO. The known LO, NLO and NNLO results are also shown. The red band provides an estimate of the uncertainty on our result, obtained with the procedure of Ref. [4]. https://scispace.com/papers/upf-at-inex-2010-towards-query-type-based-focused-retrieval-4c360m3gue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-official-runs-for-the-data-centric-track-2mxl7uxt.png Table 8. Official runs for the data-centric track https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-average-number-of-documents-containing-relevant-2eqo3cax.png Fig. 1. Average number of documents containing relevant information (top) and average density of those documents (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-official-results-for-the-restricted-focused-runs-the-1pv9lzhn.png Table 7. Official results for the restricted focused runs. The number in parentheses indicates the run position in the official ranking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-number-and-average-size-of-relevant-fragments-1b82anii.png Fig. 2. Number and average size of relevant fragments https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-unofficial-results-for-the-restricted-relevant-in-329wdc9h.png Table 6. Unofficial results for the restricted relevant in context runs. The number in parentheses indicates the estimated run position in the official ranking. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-official-evaluation-graphs-for-the-data-centric-track-1jurstmy.png Fig. 4. Official evaluation graphs for the data-centric track https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-number-of-query-terms-and-percentages-of-cas-26d6ka7o.png Fig. 3. Average number of query terms and percentages of CAS query types https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-example-of-inex-topic-7e0fxfqz.png Table 1. Example of INEX topic https://scispace.com/papers/updating-reliability-of-steel-miter-gates-on-locks-and-dams-jpndzgg9ip 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-inspection-results-from-auxiliary-miter-gate-on-lock-2hx0oo3i.png Table 4 Inspection results from auxiliary miter gate on Lock and Dam 12 [25] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-condition-state-distribution-for-section-loss-due-to-1ipzwbsd.png Fig. 7. Condition state distribution for section loss due to corrosion (very experienced inspector). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-hazard-function-for-girder-10-on-lock-and-dam-27-3n1g5fwo.png Fig. 16. Hazard function for girder 10 on Lock and Dam 27 based on fatigue damage. https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-random-variables-used-in-reliability-analysis-of-1xuyj0e1.png Table 8 Random variables used in reliability analysis of horizontal girders on Lock and Dam 27 [16,26] https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-probability-of-failure-of-girders-8-10-and-13-on-lock-18w2p5sn.png Fig. 15. Probability of failure of girders 8, 10, and 13 on Lock and Dam 27 based on fatigue damage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-bayesian-updating-based-on-inspection-results-for-the-2oigoa99.png Fig. 8. Bayesian updating based on inspection results for the atmos pheric and splash zones. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-segment-based-inspection-for-corrosion-deterioration-dqs4b8pp.png Fig. 9. Segment-based inspection for corrosion deterioration. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-shows-the-hazard-function-h-t-for-girder-10-the-3nfmdaic.png Fig. 16. Hazard function for girder 10 on Lock and Dam 27 based on fatigue damage. https://scispace.com/papers/upper-bound-of-the-proton-lifetime-in-product-group-54d7r1hxz0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-summary-of-the-particle-spectrum-around-the-gut-1jxvewaf.png TABLE IV. Summary of the particle spectrum around the GUT scale of the SU(5)GUT3U(3)H model. The SU(5)GUT gauge coupling constantgGUT is abbreviated asg in this table. See the caption for Table III for the conventions in this table, replacing ‘‘superpotentia~3!’’ by ‘‘superpotential~7!.’’ https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-contour-plots-of-the-upper-bound-of-the-proton-lifetim-2j3c4cgo.png FIG. 4. Contour plots of the upper bound of the proton lifetim on the MSUGRA parameter space. The left panel is the predic of the SU(5)GUT3U(2)H model and the right one that of th SU(5)GUT3U(3)H model. The upper bound changes as the univ sal scalar massm0 and the universal gaugino massm1/2 are varied ~other MSUGRA parameters are fixed at tanb510, A050.0). The m parameter is chosen to be positive, when the constraint from branching ratio of theb→sg process is less severe. The upp bound of the lifetimes varies as (1.4–3.2)31033 yr in the SU(5)GUT3U(2)H model, where the QCD coupling consta as MS,(5)(MZ)50.1212 is used. The upper bound varies as (1 – 31035 yr in the SU(5)GUT3U(3)H model, where the QCD cou pling constantas MS,(5)(MZ)50.1132 is used. In both panels, th effects from nonrenormalizable operators are not included. thick curves labeledmh and mx are the bounds on the MSUGR parameter space from the LEP II experiment in search of the li est Higgs boson (mh>114 GeV, 95% C.L.! @40# and the lightest chargino (mx>103.5 GeV, 95% C.L.! @41#. These curves are ob tained by using theSOFTSUSY1.7code @33#. The excluded region changes when other codes are used; lower bound ofm1/2 for fixed m0 can be higher by about 100 GeV. The code we adopt yields largest pole mass of the lightest Higgs scalar among various c available@34#, and hence the excluded region is the smallest. https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-mod-4-r-charges-of-the-fields-in-the-su-5-gut-3u-3-1atoit59.png TABLE II. ~Mod 4! R charges of the fields in the SU(5)GUT 3U(3)H model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-parameter-region-of-the-su-5-gut3u-3-h-model-the-39pkd190.png FIG. 3. Parameter region of the SU(5)GUT3U(3)H model. The parameter space of the model is spanned by three independen rameters:MG , M8V /M8C , and (MHcMHc̄)/MG 2 . The figure is the A(MHcMHc̄)/MG 2 5100.3 cross section of the parameter space. require that all the coupling constants remain finite under the re malization group, while the renormalization point is below t heaviest particle of the model. This condition is satisfied in shaded region when the one-loop renormalization group is u Thin curves and lines labeled ‘‘~gauge-coupling!–mass’’ are lines where the corresponding gauge-coupling constants become in at the corresponding mass scales. After two-loop effects are cluded in the beta functions of the gauge-coupling constants, remaining allowed parameter region is only on the thick curve beled two-loop analysis. Points~A! and ~B! denote the upper and the lower bounds of the gauge-boson massMG , respectively, for fixed A(MHcMHc̄)/MG 2 5100.3. The upper bound ofMG in the model is obtained as the maximum valueMG takes at~A! as A(MHcMHc̄)/MG 2 changes. One also sees immediately that lower bound at~B! is so low that it is of no physical importance M122 @M223# indicates the unification point between 1/a1 and 1/a2 @1/a2 and 1/a3(22s)] ~see Fig. 1 for more details!. Note that @MG at ~A!# ,10 16.13 GeV.@(0.60.1020.22)3(M122 .1016.35 GeV)#. The QCD coupling constantas MS,(5)(MZ) 50.1132 is used. The effects from a nonrenormalizable oper that corresponds to Eq.~22! in this model are not included here. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-summary-of-the-particle-spectrum-around-the-gut-38k7ty4w.png TABLE III. Summary of the particle spectrum around the GUT scale of the SU(5)GUT3U(2)H model. The first line denotes the representation under the gauge group of the MSSM. In the second line, ‘‘m denotesN51 massive vector multiplets andx1x† a pair ofN51 chiral and antichiral multiplets. In the las line, the mass of each multiplet is given in terms of gauge-coupling constants and parameters in the potential~3!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-parameter-region-of-the-su-5-gut3u-2-h-model-the-27zrbbug.png FIG. 2. Parameter region of the SU(5)GUT3U(2)H model. The parameter space of the model spanned by two free parametersMG and M3V /M3C is restricted by requiring that all the running coupling constants of the model remain finite while the renormalization p below the heaviest particle of the model. The left panel shows the parameter region where the one-loop renormalization group is u the coupling constants. The right-hand sides of the four curves labeled ‘‘~gauge-coupling!–mass’’ are excluded. The region below the cur https://scispace.com/papers/upper-ocean-vertical-mixing-in-the-antarctic-polar-front-2czmnsw32l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mss-data-ov92utq6.png Table 1 MSS data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ctd-profiles-at-station-87-showing-a-the-vertical-3pecjogq.png Fig. 5. CTD profiles at station 87 showing: (A) the vertical potential density profile before (black) and after Thorpe reordering (red); the profiles are offset by 0.02; (B) Thorpe displacements (black) and derived Thorpe scales (red); (C) thermal and haline contributions (black and grey bars) to the Brunt-Väisälä frequency squared; (D) vertical temperature profile (black) and reordered temperature profile (red); the profiles are offset by 0:1 C; (E) Thorpe displacements (black) and derived Thorpe scales (red); (F) Thorpe scaledependent vertical eddy diffusivity derived from CTD density (black) and CTD temperature (red); MSS profiles at station 87 showing; (G) vertical temperature profile (black) and reordered temperature profile (red); the profiles are offset by 0:1 C; (H) Thorpe displacements (black) and derived Thorpe scales (red); and (I) Thorpe scale-dependent vertical eddy diffusivity derived fast NTC temperature (red). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-ctd-profiles-at-stations-87-a-and-b-each-panel-shows-27ynzhh9.png Fig. 7. CTD profiles at stations 87 (A) and (B), each panel shows temperature (black), salinity (red), potential density (black), ADCP u- und v-components (red solid and red dashed), current shear squared (black) and noise level (dashed), buoyancy frequency squared (red), vertical eddy diffusivity after the parameterizations of Gregg (black) and Pacanowski and Philander (blue) calculated from 4 and 10m data, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-the-mixed-layer-depth-mld-plotted-versus-the-wind-3uoxnata.png Fig. 4. (A) The mixed layer depth MLD plotted versus the wind-induced energy input, which was calculated by integrating the energy flux E10 over three inertial periods, correlation coefficient r ¼ 0:83 and (B) shows the correlation coefficients, that result for integration times scales varying between 0 and 5 inertial periods. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vertically-averaged-eddy-coefficients-calculated-for-2v6bh5ph.png Table 2 Vertically averaged eddy coefficients, calculated for the mixed layer and the upper thermocline of each station https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-adcp-velocity-vectors-averaged-between-150-and-200m-wvkkpmce.png Fig. 1. (A) ADCP velocity vectors averaged between 150 and 200m and 10km along track and streamfunction c ½1000m2 s 1 showing a closed cyclonic circulation centered at 47:85 S, 20:75 E, which extends over roughly 100–150km diameter, location of CTD (blue circles) and MSS stations (red circles); and (B) vertical distribution of sy along a N/S cross section at 20:8 E. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-a-f-figure-pairs-consisting-of-density-profiles-and-2ydixz66.png Fig. 9. (A)–(F) Figure pairs consisting of density profiles and calculated mixed layer depths (dotted line) for stations 41, 43, 45, 46, 48 and 49 and their estimated vertical eddy diffusivities: KG (black line), KPP (yellow line), KC (green line), K MSS T calculated from MSS temperature (red line), KCTDTT calculated from CTD temperature (red dots) and K CTDs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mss-profile-2-at-station-87-showing-a-the-vertical-326v9wve.png Fig. 6. MSS profile 2 at station 87 showing: (A) the vertical temperature profile (black) and the vertical salinity profile (red); (B) mean vertical temperature gradient (black) and salinity gradient (red); (C) vertical root mean square temperature gradient; (D) thermal and haline contributions (black and grey bars) to the Brunt-Väisälä frequency squared; (E) vertical profile of dissipation rate of heat w (black) and Cox number (red); and (F) vertical eddy diffusivity of heat derived from Eq. (11) (black) and Eq. (14) (red). https://scispace.com/papers/upregulation-of-crisp-3-and-kallikrein-in-stallion-seminal-4i269wd8l9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-seminal-plasma-proteins-with-significant-p-0-05-3rajbl1h.png Table 2. Seminal plasma proteins with significant (p=0.05) upregulation in samples with a low rate of sperm survival during cooled storage with 606 seminal plasma (evaluated as changes in sperm chromatin integrity), compared with samples with a high rate of sperm survival during cooled 607 storage. (CRISP-3 = cysteine-rich secretory protein-3; TIMP-2 = tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2; HSP-1 = horse seminal protein-1; pI = 608 isoelectric point). 609 https://scispace.com/papers/upper-thermal-tolerances-of-early-life-stages-of-freshwater-1f9blkvc2w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mean-61-se-n-3-survival-of-glochidia-of-8-species-a-26ngt2em.png FIG. 3. Mean (61 SE, n = 3) survival of glochidia of 8 species (A) and juveniles of 6 species (B) of freshwater mussels held at an acclimation temperature of 22uC and subjected to 6 experimental temperatures (22, 25, 28, 31, 34, and 37uC) or held in a nonacclimated 20uC control. Bars representing temperature treatments within a species with the same uppercase letters are not significantly different (p . 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mean-61-se-n-3-survival-of-glochidia-of-8-species-a-3bvje5aj.png FIG. 4. Mean (61 SE, n = 3) survival of glochidia of 8 species (A) and juveniles of 6 species (B) of freshwater mussels held at an acclimation temperature of 27uC and subjected to 6 experimental temperatures (27, 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42uC) or held in a nonacclimated 20uC control. Bars representing temperature treatments within a species with the same uppercase letters are not significantly different (p . 0.05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-design-showing-acclimation-20-22-and-27uc-3jaoxbqf.png FIG. 1. Experimental design showing acclimation (20, 22, and 27uC) and experimental temperature schemes for freshwater mussel tests. A nonacclimated 20uC control was included with each test. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-temperatures-causing-50-lt50-and-5-lt05-bqzja9v7.png TABLE 1. Experimental temperatures causing 50% (LT50) and 5% (LT05) mortality (with 95% confidence intervals) in glochidia (24 h) and juvenile (96 h) mussels at 22 and 27uC acclimation temperatures. LT50 or LT05 values among species within a life stage and acclimation temperature with the same letters are not significantly different (p . 0.05). ND = value could not be determined, * = no test run for Lasmigona complanata juveniles. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mean-61-se-n-3-survival-of-glochidia-of-8-species-a-eaksys0i.png FIG. 2. Mean (61 SE, n = 3) survival of glochidia of 8 species (A) and juveniles of 6 species (B) of freshwater mussels held at an acclimation temperature of 17uC and subjected to 6 experimental temperatures (17, 20, 23, 26, 29, and 32uC) or held in a nonacclimated 20uC control. Bars representing temperature treatments within a species with the same uppercase letters are not significantly different (p . 0.05). https://scispace.com/papers/upright-posture-and-the-meaning-of-meronymy-a-synthesis-of-8y73o8o7p9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tzeltal-meronymic-mapping-for-a-machete-authors-1pyusfky.png Figure 3. Tzeltal meronymic mapping for a machete (author’s original illustration based on data presented in Levinson 1994) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-ends-and-projections-in-tzeltal-shape-analytic-woa6mwqy.png Figure 2. Ends and projections in Tzeltal shape-analytic meronymy (adapted from Levinson 1994: 818) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-transverse-inversion-of-body-partonym-analogues-in-3il7hntu.png Figure 5. Transverse inversion of body partonym analogues in Tzeltal meronymy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-human-upright-posture-and-the-anatomical-planes-1b91uv98.png Figure 4. Human upright posture and the anatomical planes (adapted from Edoarado 2017, creative commons attribution license). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-mapping-body-part-terms-in-ayoquesco-zapotec-3ldol3fq.png Figure 1. Mapping body-part terms in Ayoquesco Zapotec (author’s rendering based on MacLaury 1989) https://scispace.com/papers/urbanscope-a-lens-to-observe-language-mix-in-cities-4m31uqvvjm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phases-of-the-study-2jbh8j9g.png Table 1 Phases of the study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-correlation-analysis-twitter-vs-official-residents-2vwa1zcm.png Figure 9 Correlation analysis: Twitter vs. official residents https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-analysed-tweets-the-color-of-the-nil-indicates-the-atei4wka.png Figure 4 Analysed Tweets. The color of the NIL indicates the predominance of tweets written in English (red), Italian (blue), or another language (yellow). The intensity of the color is proportional to the density of the tweets written in the respective language calculated with the Box-and-Whisker Plot outlier detection method (for each language, 75% of non-transparent NILs are grey and 25% lightly or darkly coloured). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-explore-tweets-other-languages-nils-are-colored-1i4sizym.png Figure 3 Explore Tweets, Other languages. NILs are colored according to the density of tweets (dark color indicates high density) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-explore-tweets-nils-are-colored-according-to-the-1zlmvc0s.png Figure 2 Explore Tweets. NILs are colored according to the density of tweets (dark color indicates high density) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-foreign-people-residing-in-milan-by-country-o2einlof.png Figure 8 Foreign people residing in Milan by country https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-relevant-results-3autrqeq.png Table 2 Relevant Results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-twitter-language-communities-vs-non-italian-2q3g4a3w.png Table 3 Twitter language communities vs. non-Italian residents https://scispace.com/papers/urban-network-wide-traffic-speed-estimation-with-massive-1jentwc5yb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-notation-and-definition-16rat7qi.png Table 2. Notation and Definition https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-network-characteristics-of-the-study-site-3axxvh6m.png Table 3. Network characteristics of the study site https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-ride-sourcing-vehicle-gps-records-in-the-urban-area-of-2bjujixg.png Fig. 6. Ride-sourcing vehicle GPS records in the urban area of Chengdu, China. (a) Scatter plot of all GPS points (8:00-9:00, November 1, 2016); (b) Road network in Chengdu. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-an-illustration-of-the-cell-based-map-matching-method-311d60x1.png Fig. 2. An illustration of the cell-based map-matching method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-stochastic-congestion-maps-on-the-weekday-a-am-peak-jbbv1w3l.png Fig. 13. Stochastic congestion maps on the weekday. (a) AM peak, clockwise; (b) AM peak, anticlockwise; (c) PM peak, clockwise; (d) PM peak, anti-clockwise. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-spatial-profiles-of-gps-records-statistics-a-number-of-mkjm2jgp.png Fig. 4. Spatial profiles of GPS records statistics. (a) Number of cell-based GPS records in 5- minute time intervals during the PM peak (18:00-18:05). (b) Hourly missing rate of the speed matrix in different resampling time intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-network-wide-cell-average-traffic-speed-map-a-am-peak-18z2yjgs.png Fig. 5. Network-wide cell-average traffic speed map. (a) AM peak (8:00-8:05); (b) PM peak (18:00-18:05). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-comparison-of-the-matrix-recovery-performance-on-xsfz8cbi.png Fig. 10. Comparison of the matrix recovery performance on continuous data loss. (a) NMAE; (b) NRMSE. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the results for 10 randomly selected starting positions. https://scispace.com/papers/urban-sewershed-overflow-analysis-using-super-resolution-pmxj86x8a8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-overflow-event-and-1-5-mm-depth-threshold-1wni1phs.png Figure 11. Overflow event and 1.5-mm depth threshold separating overflow events into two 827 binary categories – significant (denoted as 1) and non-Significant (denoted as 0). 828 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-tropical-type-rainfall-results-optimized-minimum-39rvuv2r.png Figure 4. Tropical type rainfall results: Optimized minimum RMSE error (upper-left); 786 Decision schematic for SVC kernel within least RMSE error range (upper-right); SVC binary 787 clustering hyperplane (lower-left), SVC-based optimization with two rainfall groups (lower-788 right) 789 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-local-radar-rainfall-estimations-and-2gmwzk8j.png Figure 5. Comparison of local radar rainfall estimations and corresponding Z-R relationships: 791 (NWS Standardized Z-R-based quarter-hourly rainfall accumulation (upper-left); four 792 empirical NWS Z-R relationships (upper-right); Optimal SVC-based quarter-hourly rainfall 793 accumulation (lower-left); SVC-based optimal Z-R relationships (lower-right) (adapted from 794 Hyun et al., 2016c). 795 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-classification-result-and-predicted-group-membership-2bocgzf5.png Table 2. Classification Result and Predicted Group Membership by Discriminant Analysis. 759 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-rainfall-occupancy-ratio-ratio-of-continuous-rain-2nnksosw.png Figure 10. Rainfall occupancy ratio (ratio of continuous rain duration to total event duration) 821 and total rainfall event depth: convective event type in warm season (magenta), convective 822 type in cold season (red) and stratiform (blue) (left). Event-based rainfall depth versus 823 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-event-based-rain-depth-versus-overflow-depth-left-280admyw.png Figure 9. Event-based rain depth versus overflow depth (left), and rain event duration versus 816 rainfall depth grouped by peak rain intensity (right). Intensity threshold peak is 817 4.87mm/15minute to identify weak (blue) and strong (red) peak event groups. 818 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-group-mean-values-of-rainfall-characteristics-by-359b4q44.png Table 1. Group Mean Values of Rainfall Characteristics by Discriminant Analysis. 756 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gauge-and-radar-rainfall-depth-in-2-dimensional-2lu6vf5v.png Figure 1. Gauge and Radar rainfall depth in 2-dimensional space (gauge-radar volume) across 775 temporal resolutions: monthly (upper- left), daily (upper-right), hourly (lower-left), quarter-776 hourly (lower-right) 777 https://scispace.com/papers/us-military-expenditures-to-protect-the-use-of-persian-gulf-1ezdb1zog0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-our-estimate-of-the-military-cost-of-oil-use-by-1gpob5wr.png Table 2 Our estimate of the military cost of oil use by motor vehicles: stepwise estimates of the cost (billion dollars per year) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-defense-spending-and-the-value-of-persian-gulf-oil-2iaryoed.png Fig. 1. Defense spending and the value of Persian Gulf oil imports, 1990–2004. Source: Defense spending from budget tables in the appendices of the DoD’s Annual Defense Report, available at www.dod.mil/execsec/adr_intro.html; value of imports based on EIA (2007) and EIA web data at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ pet/hist/i040000008a.htm. See Delucchi and Murphy (2008) for details. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-our-estimate-of-the-military-cost-of-oil-use-by-ucvucy1g.png Table 3 Our estimate of the military cost of oil use by motor vehicles: the cost of defending each US interest in the Persian Gulf (billion dollars per year) https://scispace.com/papers/usability-evaluation-ieq-survey-in-hospital-buildings-1q8vkp0zln 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-usability-framework-of-hospital-buildings-1bryg5gx.png Figure 2. Usability framework of hospital buildings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-chart-of-usability-evaluation-2q36b3xi.png Figure 1. Process chart of usability evaluation https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-phases-of-developing-and-testing-the-framework-3r1vbywr.png Table 1. Phases of developing and testing the framework https://scispace.com/papers/usability-evaluation-of-a-co-created-big-data-analytics-3ge786j3ss 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tasks-for-each-persona-for-usability-testing-v5pmrojd.png Table 1. Tasks for each persona for usability testing protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-data-scientist-sus-results-box-plot-showing-overall-pc2w9shq.png Fig. 4. Data Scientist SUS results (box plot showing overall scores for all tasks). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-policy-maker-sus-results-box-plot-overall-scores-for-cnf05oft.png Fig. 5. Policy Maker SUS results (box plot overall scores for both tasks). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-typical-usability-testing-protocol-3kf0owug.png Fig. 3. Typical usability testing protocol. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-midas-dashboard-architecture-2khxr2lj.png Fig. 1. MIDAS Dashboard architecture. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-screen-capture-of-midas-dashboard-prototype-c9m2g4lg.png Fig. 2. Screen capture of MIDAS dashboard prototype. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-bark-and-combined-paper-sludge-for-the-revegetation-461wjh835t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-soil-cover-on-the-yield-kg-ha-of-various-1mpizmll.png Table 5. Effect of soil cover on the yield (kg/ha) of various plant species, seeded alone or in mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-effect-of-soil-cover-on-birdsfoot-trefoil-yield-and-34j14nya.png Table 6. Effect of soil cover on birdsfoot trefoil yield and on the above-ground and root yield per plant grown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-granulometry-of-various-bark-types-38qfa2xe.png Table 1. Granulometry of various bark types. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-some-physical-and-chemical-characteristics-of-bark-1o7rcahi.png Table 2. Some physical and chemical characteristics of bark of various ages and combined paper sludge. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-of-soil-cover-on-plant-growth-of-various-zqstz0j7.png Table 3. Effect of soil cover on plant growth of various plant species, seeded alone or in mixture. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-effect-of-soil-cover-on-ammonium-and-nitrate-content-1726p72e.png Table 7. Effect of soil cover on ammonium and nitrate content averaged over nitrogen levels, and phosphorus content at three levels of nitrogen. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effect-of-soil-cover-on-the-plant-appearance-of-pg77j2jc.png Table 4. Effect of soil cover on the plant appearance of various plant species, seeded alone or in mixture. https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-organic-waste-as-an-alternative-organic-fertilizer-21xst4tukz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-effect-of-interaction-of-organic-waste-and-synthetic-19ckds5b.png TABLE X EFFECT OF INTERACTION OF ORGANIC WASTE AND SYNTHETIC FERTILIZERS ON THE DRY WEIGHT OF ROOT https://scispace.com/figures/table-ix-effect-of-interaction-of-organic-waste-and-1tgjnu6z.png TABLE IX EFFECT OF INTERACTION OF ORGANIC WASTE AND SYNTHETIC FERTILIZERS ON THE DRY WEIGHT OF SHOOT https://scispace.com/figures/table-viii-effect-of-interaction-of-organic-waste-and-24erej3r.png TABLE VIII EFFECT OF INTERACTION OF ORGANIC WASTE AND SYNTHETIC FERTILIZERS ON THE DRY WEIGHT OF SEED https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-characteristics-of-chicken-manure-and-organic-waste-14mwtoiu.png TABLE II CHARACTERISTICS OF CHICKEN MANURE AND ORGANIC WASTE https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-fresh-liquid-waste-3luwe74s.png TABLE I CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH LIQUID WASTE https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-characteristics-of-soil-1db374fi.png TABLE IV CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-characteristics-of-zeolite-x83faq4l.png TABLE III. CHARACTERISTICS OF ZEOLITE https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-effect-of-organic-waste-and-synthetic-fertilizers-1ywf0ixc.png TABLE VI EFFECT OF ORGANIC WASTE AND SYNTHETIC FERTILIZERS ON TOTAL ORGANIC C, HUMID ACID C, AND LABILE ORGANIC C https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-saccharides-as-solid-state-precursors-for-the-2s1plk9b3u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-e-sem-images-of-the-pyrolysis-products-from-4nhb4fv3.png Figure 2(a) (e). SEM images of the pyrolysis products from different saccharides; table https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-eds-elemental-map-of-a-mwcnt-showing-the-kp3n9jsn.png Figure 5. EDS elemental map of a MWCNT showing the distribution of carbon, sulfur https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-schematic-of-experimental-set-up-used-for-the-2epsv503.png Figure 1. A schematic of experimental set up used for the pyrolysis of solid state https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-raman-spectra-of-the-pyrolysis-products-from-2hvfi67x.png Figure 4. Raman spectra of the pyrolysis products from various saccharide precursors are https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-angle-annular-dark-field-haadf-image-of-a-x42abrgq.png Figure 3. High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) image of a MWCNT. Multiple metal https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-psychotropic-drugs-following-venous-thromboembolism-558zmhsnni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-risks-and-risk-differences-of-any-psychotropic-drug-26xu0fr9.png Table 2: Risks and risk differences of any psychotropic drug purchase for venous thromboembolism cases and controls. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-baseline-characteristics-for-the-venous-1n3zj1gg.png Table 1. Baseline characteristics for the venous thromboembolism cohort and the control cohort https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-scenario-evaluation-in-preparation-for-deployment-of-labxtippzk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-screen-shot-of-kimera-system-1fwjjwx8.png Figure 1 A screen shot of KiMERA system https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-of-suggested-enhancements-2u3bs958.png Figure 4 Summary of suggested enhancements https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-extract-of-analysis-1n06r2zx.png Figure 3 An extract of analysis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-template-for-user-log-1jxkt2u0.png Figure 2 A template for user log https://scispace.com/papers/use-of-spectral-vegetation-indices-derived-from-airborne-3dajx9xxw9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-spectral-vegetation-indices-for-o-nubilalis-1a57e2wd.png Table 5. Mean spectral vegetation indices for O. nubilalis inoculation treatments and noninoculated control by time of image acquisition for first generation O. nubilalis inoculated treatments from 2005 Iowa https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spectral-vegetation-indices-used-to-differentiate-1dah11dv.png Table 1. Spectral vegetation indices used to differentiate 2004 and 2005 Iowa corn plots manually inoculated with O. nubilalis neonate larvae https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-number-of-o-nubilalis-cavities-per-10-plants-3dlz099h.png Table 2. Mean number of O. nubilalis cavities per 10 plants from 2004 and 2005 Iowa corn plots manually inoculated with O. nubilalis neonate larvae https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-repeated-measures-analysis-of-variance-of-spectral-18tc4eup.png Table 3. Repeated measures analysis of variance of spectral vegetation indices derived from hyperspectral imagery of O. nubilalis first generation treated corn plots and noninoculated controls from 2004 and 2005 Iowa https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-mean-spectral-vegetation-indices-for-o-nubilalis-2fb20z0b.png Table 8. Mean spectral vegetation indices for O. nubilalis inoculation treatments and noninoculated control by time of image acquisition for second generation O. nubilalis inoculated treatments from 2005 Iowa https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mean-spectral-vegetation-indices-for-o-nubilalis-1jk8x0bi.png Table 4. Mean spectral vegetation indices for O. nubilalis inoculation treatments and noninoculated control by time of image acquisition for first generation O. nubilalis inoculated treatments from 2004 Iowa https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-repeated-measures-analysis-of-variance-of-spectral-2mthe5mw.png Table 6. Repeated measures analysis of variance of spectral vegetation indices derived from hyperspectral imagery of O. nubilalis second generation treated corn plots and noninoculated controls from 2004 and 2005 Iowa https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-mean-spectral-vegetation-indices-for-o-nubilalis-367duxio.png Table 7. Mean spectral vegetation indices for O. nubilalis inoculation treatments and noninoculated control by time of image acquisition for second generation O. nubilalis inoculated treatments from 2004 Iowa https://scispace.com/papers/user-centric-adaptation-of-structured-web-documents-for-gw8p670lbt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-parallel-relationship-identification-accuracy-with-2u7w2ug8.png Figure 3. Parallel relationship identification accuracy with training set. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-distribution-graph-for-determining-attribute-pibwlpwo.png Figure 2. Distribution graph for determining attribute threshold. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-adaptingawebpage-a-the-original-page-b-page-1-of-3petgxf5.png Figure 4. Adaptingawebpage: (a) the original page; (b) page 1 of adapted content; (c) page 2; (d) page 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-crtwith-three-types-of-relationship-35d5epf8.png Figure 1. CRTwith three types of relationship. https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-newly-developed-long-period-grating-filter-to-345htznwh8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-set-up-2jo3hc4q.png Fig. 1. Schematic set-up. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-left-flat-top-pulse-cross-correlation-top-and-data-1syx4njs.png Fig. 2. Left: Flat-top pulse cross-correlation (top) and data pulses auto-correlation (bottom). Middle: Spectrum of compressed input pulse to LPG (top) and filtered (differentiated) output spectrum of LPG with LPG transfer function (bottom). Right: BER curve of demued data (top) and the BER timing tolerance achieved with flat-top pulse. https://scispace.com/papers/user-level-performance-analysis-of-multi-hop-in-band-336b9zo5da 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simulated-multi-hop-mesh-network-topology-with-1zs0bi34.png Fig. 1 Simulated multi-hop mesh network topology with wireless backhaul links. If two backhaul links are connected to the same AP sector at either end, then the AP has to keep switching between these backhaul links. These links are marked with dashed lines https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-comparison-of-fairness-for-different-topologies-1h6x0f4d.png Fig. 16 Comparison of fairness for different topologies according to Jain’s fairness index [59]. A value of 1 represents equal throughput for all users, a value close to 0 represents an uneven distribution https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-comparison-of-the-average-download-times-of-100-mb-16vmbr84.png Fig. 14 Comparison of the average download times of 100 MB files for different topologies. The error bars denote the download time of the slowest and fastest download https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-comparison-of-the-average-download-goodput-for-ysujiyuk.png Fig. 15 Comparison of the average download goodput for different topologies. The error bars denote the goodput of the slowest and fastest download https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-file-download-times-according-to-different-antenna-3t1v17c7.png Fig. 3 File download times according to different antenna array sizes, which corresponds to different in-band interference levels. Simulated with 10 MB files. The error bars denote the download time of the slowest and fastest download https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-tdd-allocation-pattern-of-time-slots-eqmtynn8.png Fig. 2 TDD allocation pattern of time slots https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-topology-with-two-fiber-optic-links-connecting-the-3uqh3lmu.png Fig. 11 Topology with two fiber-optic links connecting the mesh and the core network https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-topology-with-two-fiber-optic-links-connecting-the-dfxwij1b.png Fig. 12 Topology with two fiber-optic links connecting the mesh and the core network, and 7 high capacity dedicated links which are marked with thick black lines https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-probabilistic-class-based-lexicon-for-lexical-4qyw5f05h9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-precision-for-nding-correct-and-acceptable-pd1zyqkg.png Figure 7: Precision for nding correct and acceptable translations by lexicon look-up https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-estimated-frequencies-of-the-objects-of-the-2d1j3z2l.png Figure 2: Estimated frequencies of the objects of the transitive verbs cross and mobilize https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evaluation-on-pseudo-disambiguation-task-for-noun-33k6m67u.png Figure 4: Evaluation on pseudo-disambiguation task for noun-ambiguity https://scispace.com/papers/using-administrative-data-to-explore-the-effect-of-survey-13bvb69eit 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptive-statistics-for-full-sample-and-wave-3-3m0duzkc.png Table 1 Descriptive statistics for full sample and wave 3 fielded and respondent samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-estimated-impact-of-era-for-different-samples-dk7s0ex3.png Table 2: The estimated impact of ERA for different samples, using administrative records on earnings https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-exploring-weighting-approaches-to-reconcile-2007-8-8sjvh729.png Table 6 Exploring weighting approaches to reconcile 2007/8 earnings impacts across fielded and respondentWave 3 (60-month) samples https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-baseline-characteristics-as-a-predictor-of-treatment-383pf9vd.png Table 5 Baseline characteristics as a predictor of treatment status, among wave 3 survey respondents https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-descriptive-statistics-for-wave-3-60-month-567h5njz.png Table 4 Descriptive statistics for wave 3 (60-month) respondent and non-respondent samples, and odds ratios from a logistic regression of survey response https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-survey-response-rates-3er16pj2.png Table 3 Survey response rates https://scispace.com/papers/using-a-spatio-temporal-dynamic-state-space-model-with-the-9fz2ph0cf1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-map-of-the-volta-basin-showing-the-gauging-stations-1duen7bz.png Figure 1. Map of the Volta Basin showing the Gauging Stations used in the Study. Fig. 1. Map of the Volta Basin showing the Gauging Stations used in the Study. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2a-flow-diagram-spatio-temporal-framework-fig-2a-flow-ckyx3f40.png Figure 2a: Flow diagram spatio-temporal framework Fig. 2a. Flow diagram spatio-temporal framework. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-nses-for-the-various-tests-andr2-values-for-the-37n76jli.png Table 1. NSEs for the various tests andR2 values for the linear regressions. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2b-daily-hydrograph-at-sabari-on-the-oti-river-1985-1989-11a6a3uo.png Figure 2a: Flow diagram spatio-temporal framework Fig. 2a. Flow diagram spatio-temporal framework. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2b-daily-hydrograph-at-sabari-on-the-oti-river-1985-2uz9c9iu.png Figure 2a: Flow diagram spatio-temporal framework Fig. 2a. Flow diagram spatio-temporal framework. https://scispace.com/papers/using-an-on-line-dictionary-to-extract-a-list-of-sense-jigbml7hmw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-bound-uninstantiated-field-variables-nr3rvmxy.png Table 3 Distribution of bound/uninstantiated field variables for synonyms https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-legal-hs-s-h-combinations-for-disambiguating-s-1xov5x9r.png Table 4 "Legal" HS?-S'H' combinations for disambiguating S https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-pos-distribution-of-the-synonyms-2xxq8pyp.png Table 2 POS distribution of the synonyms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-source-of-extracted-synonyms-zy0un90l.png Table 1 Source of extracted synonyms https://scispace.com/papers/using-augmented-reality-to-engage-stem-students-with-an-4c885z9lq3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-from-interview-sessions-2bvrsogp.png Table 1. Results from interview sessions. https://scispace.com/papers/using-concept-maps-and-goal-setting-to-support-the-2o44va89ue 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-learning-skills-programme-1hzssw01.png Figure 1 Learning skills programme https://scispace.com/papers/using-data-mining-for-static-code-analysis-of-c-2q1qe6kxk8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-false-positive-full-fig-4-false-positive-reduced-28ucagix.png Fig. 3. False Positive (Full) Fig. 4. False Positive (Reduced) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-accuracy-per-category-16cakyfb.png Table 1. Average Accuracy per Category https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-accuracy-full-fig-2-accuracy-reduced-vmpsujgn.png Fig. 1. Accuracy (Full) Fig. 2. Accuracy (Reduced) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-from-weka-for-the-test-experiment-2ix1la3i.png Table 2. Results from WEKA for the test experiment https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-false-negative-full-fig-6-false-negative-reduced-2xw8wo27.png Fig. 5. False Negative (Full) Fig. 6. False Negative (Reduced) https://scispace.com/papers/using-extracted-behavioral-features-to-improve-privacy-for-56lbnx8src 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-table-listing-most-similar-curves-to-peaks-found-by-1uvchtqh.png Fig. 3. Table listing most similar curves to peaks found by the similarity measures, https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-table-listing-most-similar-curves-to-peak-found-by-the-3m46v28k.png Fig. 1. Table listing most similar curves to peak found by the similarity measures, and https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-table-listing-most-similar-curves-to-asc-found-by-the-2la1uxel.png Fig. 2. Table listing most similar curves to asc found by the similarity measures, and https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ground-truth-and-result-of-one-repetition-with-top-3irlu839.png Table 2. Ground truth and result of one repetition, with top 10 most similar curves https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-average-performance-taken-over-the-ten-tested-jblmcx9k.png Table 3. The average performance, taken over the ten tested curves, of the similarity https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-three-curves-from-the-real-world-test-case-12f1lx3v.png Fig. 4. Three curves from the real world test case. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-simulated-curves-1zdj7fxx.png Table 1. List of simulated curves https://scispace.com/papers/using-dummy-and-pseudo-dummy-amplifiers-to-correct-for-3hd6h624yi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-e2v-ccd231-readout-architecture-the-array-is-split-6b6a8alo.png Figure 1. E2V CCD231 readout architecture. The array is split into four quadrants, each of which can be clocked individually. By this means, the entire array can be readout in single, dual or quad mode. Dummy amplifiers are also provided which are not connected to the readout registers. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-measured-read-noise-in-the-difference-image-6hx2ktzs.png Figure 5. Measured read noise in the difference image constructed by subtraction of the real and dummy image at different dual slope integration times. At slow readout speeds, the noise is approaching the limit of the detector (2.0 electrons rms). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-readout-configuration-using-true-dummy-and-genuine-pjt6078m.png Figure 4. Readout configuration using true dummy and genuine outputs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-measured-read-noise-in-the-difference-image-1cixslrw.png Figure 3. Measured read noise in the difference image constructed by subtraction of the real and pseudo-dummy image at different dual slope integration times. The noise reaches a limit at around 2.8 electrons. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-top-half-of-ccd-231-architecture-in-pseudo-dummy-2ihyqu5b.png Figure 2. Top half of CCD 231 architecture in Pseudo Dummy configuration. The charge is clocked to the left in both readout registers. The left hand amplifier therefore reads out the entire top half of the image. The right hand amplifier has no charge clocked into it, and therefore acts as a pseudo dummy output creating a pseudo dummy image that is also read out. The true dummy outputs were not used in this configuration. https://scispace.com/papers/using-genetic-algorithms-to-improve-the-reliability-of-dual-3o7kdfc1ni 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-example-network-with-three-network-operators-a-b-and-c-gw40b4zi.png Fig. 1. Example network with three network operators (A, B and C) and their access points (A1 and A2, B1 and C1 respectively), with planned access coverage (ellipses). Along a projected route (arrow) the user moves through a number of virtual cells (hexagons). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-boxplot-of-rsij-tm-ilp-rskl-tm-ga-with-median-and-wkrq8olg.png Fig. 6. Boxplot of RSij (tm− )ILP − RSkl (tm− )GA with median and outliers for parameter set R-H-95-03-G. The dashed line represents the differences between the ILP optimization and the best of the heuristics. The solid line represents the reliability of the optimal trajectory identified by the ILP optimization. Observe that the optimal trajectories except for the reference case 73 are found. In addition, except for the reference case 78, 79, 80, the 75% quantiles of the differences are less than 10−4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-boxplot-of-rsij-tm-ilp-rskl-tm-ga-with-median-and-34wtm3q7.png Fig. 7. Boxplot of RSij (tm− )ILP − RSkl (tm− )GA with median and outliers for parameter set R-R-95-01-G. Observe that the parameter set RR-95-01-G only rarely finds the to the optimal solution as identified by ILP optimization and significantly less frequent than the set R-H-095-03-G. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-state-transition-diagram-for-traversal-of-virtual-cell-2lp90int.png Fig. 2. State transition diagram for traversal of virtual cell d and handover to cell d + 1. Absorbing handover states (grey shaded) represent the initial conditions for traversal of cell d + 1. Transitions into handover states are modelled as instantaneous transition given by Sij . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-difference-of-the-reliability-of-the-trajectories-3u2zjrs4.png Fig. 8. The difference of the reliability of the trajectories found by ILP optimization as obtained by the percentage of all replications and the set RH-95-03-G and the best of the heuristics. Observe that approximately 80% of all R-H-95-03-G replications find the same trajectory as the ILP optimization, while 80% of the heuristics have differences of more than 1 · 10−4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-the-mean-computation-effort-for-ga-with-parameter-sets-2g8i3nee.png Fig. 9. The mean computation effort for GA with parameter sets R-H-95-03G and R-R-95-01-G. The computation effort for ILP optimization and total time for the heuristics are also shown. Observe that the heuristics and the GA are less sensitive to the scenario-class complexity than the ILP optimization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-graph-model-of-the-example-network-in-fig-3-with-1kykww6g.png Fig. 3. A graph model of the example network in Fig.3 with sketch indicating all possible trajectories and a chromosome representing one specific trajectory. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-crossover-between-two-chromosomes-of-fig-3-i1yh3jlm.png Fig. 4. Example of crossover between two chromosomes of Fig.3. https://scispace.com/papers/using-filtering-agents-to-improve-prediction-quality-in-the-7qcvmg7mr6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-for-mn-general-newsgroup-3gzblfhl.png Table 1 : Results for mn.general newsgroup https://scispace.com/papers/using-implicit-measures-to-highlight-science-teachers-5d95gyf0ti 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-terms-used-in-the-implicit-theories-of-intelligence-9o9e8w1l.png Table 1 Terms used in the implicit theories of intelligence ST-IAT (translated from French) https://scispace.com/papers/using-microbiological-tracers-to-assess-the-impact-of-winter-86okkagorc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-location-map-for-the-mattock-catchment-republic-of-2uei3qrr.png Figure 1: Location Map for the Mattock Catchment, Republic of Ireland, showing the principal bedrock hydrogeological units, the location of monitoring infrastructure and potential sources of human sewage. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-rainfall-and-mattock-river-discharge-above-3iuei9aa.png Figure 2: Plot of rainfall and Mattock River discharge (above) and groundwater level at the subsoil borehole MK-1S for the period from 1st October to 31st December 2012. Inverted triangles reflect microbiological water quality sampling times across the catchment. Circles reflect discharge rates determined from spot measurements of drain flow in a drain in the vicinity of the Mattock River headwaters. Open season samples were collected at the start of October 2012. Closed season samples were collected in December 2012. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-of-mst-analyses-mattock-catchment-republic-1mwg0uvd.png Figure 5: Results of MST analyses, Mattock Catchment, Republic of Ireland. Samples collected during the open season (above) indicate bovine contamination (BacBov) at https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-trilinear-plot-of-representative-fios-with-1z4am0kf.png Figure 4: Trilinear plot of representative FIOs with contrasting inactivation rates. The dominance of points clustering at the E.coli apex during all sampling rounds indicates https://scispace.com/papers/using-mobile-robots-to-harvest-data-from-sensor-fields-4k6k7v0kkp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-from-left-to-right-optimal-tsp-tours-for-one-two-fgn80zov.png Figure 4: From left to right: Optimal TSP tours for one, two, and three data mules. The red square represents the gateway and blue circles represent mote locations. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-an-acroname-garcia-robot-visiting-a-sensing-mote-2hmozbd7.png Figure 3: An Acroname Garcia robot visiting a sensing mote. Note the single board computer on the robot under the clear lid and the mote connected to the robot’s computer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-map-of-our-deployment-left-and-a-snapshot-from-1ux6yjt0.png Figure 5: The map of our deployment (left) and a snapshot from the experiment with two mules (right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overall-system-architecture-including-a-number-of-glxgxn8r.png Figure 1: Overall system architecture, including a number of sensing motes, multiple robots acting as data mules, and a gateway to which robots offload collected data and receive further commands. Each robot communicates with the sensing nodes and the gateway through a locally connected mote. All collected data are eventually stored in a back-end database for further processing and visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-using-data-mules-reduces-the-sensing-motes-energy-3kaate9z.png Figure 6: Using data mules reduces the sensing mote’s energy consumption in two ways: by reducing the total number of transmissions necessary to deliver measurements to the database and by reducing the sensing motes’ transmission power. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-two-alternative-download-strategies-the-small-blue-3dzplpkp.png Figure 2: Two alternative download strategies. The small blue circles correspond to motes, while the larger gray circles correspond to the transmission region of a mote. In reality the transmission range is of course not circular, but robots can move close enough to the motes to avoid any RF propagation irregularities. https://scispace.com/papers/using-networked-pandora-observations-to-capture-1vkjbxypmq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-daily-averaged-synoptic-conditions-over-the-eastern-us-3bd6ozfd.png Fig. 3. Daily-averaged synoptic conditions over the eastern US from 13 March (a–c) and 14 March (d–f) 2018 using the MERRA-2 reanalysis. (a and d) 700 hPa relative humidity (shading; %), sea level pressure (black contours; 4 hPa intervals), and approximate location of low-pressure centers and frontal boundaries from daily National Weather Service surface analyses (accessed 19 March 2019 from https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/dailywxmap/). Note, not all frontal features have been depicted. Cold fronts (black line with triangles), surface troughs (black dashed lines), and occluded fronts (black line with alternating triangles and half-circles) are shown. (b and e) Daily-averaged MERRA-2 TCO (shading; DU) and 500 hPa geopotential height (contours; 5 dam intervals). Black dashed lines represent the vertical transects provided in panels c and f. (c and f) Daily-averaged vertical transects along 38° N from 100° W to 50° W for 13 March 2018 (c) and along 76° W from 20° N to 50° N for 14 March 2018 (f) over the northeast US (Pandora ground locations given by white circles). Meridional (c shading; ms−1) and zonal (f shading; ms−1) winds are shown along with θe (dashed contour lines, 5 K intervals) and the 2 PVU isosurface (thick black contour). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-tco-timeseries-from-pandora-hourly-orange-points-airs-3mc3o4h2.png Fig. 4. TCO timeseries from Pandora (hourly; orange points), AIRS (daily taken from grid cell closest to Pandora ground location; purple diamonds), and MERRA-2 (hourly taken from grid cell closest to hourly Pandora effective coordinates; solid black line) at GSFC for 01–25 March 2018 and at all other sites for 13–15 March 2018. R2 values for MERRA-2 to Pandora comparisons at each site are given as well. Gray inserts in panel a represent the approximate timing of passage of the four mid-latitude cyclones based on surface analyses and their associated increase in TCO. Hourly TCO data from a Brewer Spectrophotometer sited at GSFC are shown in panel c (green points). Timestamps for all plotted data are in UTC. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-true-color-imagery-on-13-march-2018-from-the-1ec3cz8d.png Fig. 1. (a) True color imagery on 13 March 2018 from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) onboard NASA's Terra satellite (accessed 06 December 2018 from https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/) emphasizes the presence of a mid-latitude cyclone (comma-shaped cloud feature) off the coast of the eastern US. Additionally, note the general lack of cloud cover over the eastern US to the west of the system. Pandora system locations, labels, and geographic coordinates are indicated (magenta crosses and list). (b) Similar to (a) with the inclusion of total column water vapor content from MODIS onboard Terra (accessed 18 September 2019 from https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/). Blue shading represents low amounts of water vapor whereas red shading represents higher amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column. Note the relatively low water vapor content over the eastern US study region and that water vapor content increases moving eastward across the cyclone. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-tco-observations-from-pandora-colored-points-plotted-247azbv5.png Fig. 5. TCO observations from Pandora (colored points; plotted at effective coordinates) and assimilated TCO from MERRA-2 (shading) for 13 and 14 March 2018. (a-c) Hourly-averaged TCO from 19-21 UTC on 13 March 2018. (d-f) Hourly-averaged TCO from 14-16 UTC on 14 March 2018. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-of-pandora-direct-sun-viewing-geometry-and-1rj7kjm9.png Fig. 2. Schematic of Pandora direct-sun viewing geometry and relation to effective coordinates. Each quadrant of the projected surface region approximately represents a 1° × 1° sized grid box. An example ozone lidar curtain is given highlighting that the largest ozone concentrations (red shading) are present in the stratosphere (see https://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/ TOLNet/ for additional examples). Example Pandora zenith and azimuth viewing angles are given for a NH mid-latitude site during the afternoon. Note that numbers given are not exactly to scale. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) https://scispace.com/papers/using-recurrent-neural-network-for-hash-function-generation-18n9oypkih 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-algorithm-of-the-hash-function-calculation-3btleu97.png Figure 3. The algorithm of the hash function calculation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hash-algorithm-3t9ch8s2.png Figure 1. Hash algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-structure-of-the-reccurent-neural-network-for-fibpyuwh.png Figure 2. The structure of the reccurent neural network for hash function generation. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-randomly-generated-rnn-s-for-5-and-10-3vx6aoj5.png TABLE I. COMPARISON OF RANDOMLY GENERATED RNN'S FOR 5 AND 10 CHANGED CHARACTERS IN ANALYZED TEXTS https://scispace.com/papers/using-remote-sensing-to-characterize-riparian-vegetation-a-4gvwx1xgcp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-examples-of-remote-sensing-methods-used-to-classify-gdy2ho82.png Table 2. Examples of remote sensing methods used to classify riparian species in different settings and their accuracy 403 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-general-workflow-for-the-reviewing-process-94-2-1-2dyf3biv.png Figure 1. General workflow for the reviewing process 94 2.1. Database collection 95 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-keywords-used-for-database-collection-101-30sf5fgb.png Figure 2. Keywords used for database collection 101 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-percentage-of-studies-that-used-given-remote-12facgns.png Figure 12. Percentage of studies that used given remote sensing data to map structural features of riparian vegetation. 439 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-results-of-the-multiple-correspondence-analysis-see-bqeeh81u.png Figure 8. Results of the multiple correspondence analysis (see section 2.3. for the methods). Supplementary variables (i.e. 343 variables related to study extent and multi-temporality) are represented as crosses with text in italics. The first two axes 344 explain 19.6% of total variance. Ellipses were drawn arbitrarily to simplify interpretation. See Table 1 for code definitions. 345 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-grid-used-for-each-article-in-the-database-20j6lmcf.png Table 1. Analysis grid used for each article in the database 155 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-locations-of-studies-reviewed-by-world-wildlife-7kl1yb82.png Figure 4. Locations of studies reviewed, by World Wildlife Fund biome 194 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percentage-of-studies-that-used-a-given-remote-3btk928u.png Figure 7. Percentage of studies that used a given remote sensing technology, by spatial extent of the study 266 https://scispace.com/papers/using-semantic-web-technologies-to-manage-complexity-and-2c0bsprjm2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-kupkb-rdf-graph-provides-a-flexible-data-model-for-ztpc3dcf.png Fig. 1. The KUPKB RDF graph provides a flexible data model for querying. The queries generate data tables that feed into data mining workflows for further analysis https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-earth-mover-s-distance-for-perceptually-meaningful-3qs31wlexm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-2-example-eye-tracking-and-explicit-click-data-36bwrivj.png Figure 2.5.1: Example images from the dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-1-an-example-of-where-the-l1-bin-to-bin-distance-1bivojj2.png Figure 2.3.1: An example of where the L1 bin-to-bin distance does not match perception. Source: [38]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-1-an-image-with-its-associated-intensity-and-l2rsr2pg.png Figure 2.2.1: An image with its associated intensity and colour histograms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-4-1-results-of-using-the-newly-proposed-spatial-1iejr6o8.png Figure 6.4.1: Results of using the newly proposed spatial sparsity measure (error bars indicate one standard deviation). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-3-an-example-of-where-emd-does-not-match-3qd0k2b0.png Figure 2.3.1: An example of where the L1 bin-to-bin distance does not match perception. Source: [38]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-5-1-example-images-from-the-dataset-14vim0d9.png Figure 2.5.1: Example images from the dataset. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1-1-representations-of-colour-spaces-in-3d-3g6jdqnw.png Figure 2.1.1: Representations of colour spaces in 3D. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-2-the-way-in-which-the-empirical-cumulative-1fmapb7r.png Figure 2.2.1: An image with its associated intensity and colour histograms. https://scispace.com/papers/using-sms-text-messaging-to-assess-moderators-of-smoking-2cayrf6byd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-natural-log-relationship-between-ema-calculated-13kvznlt.png Figure 1. The natural-log relationship between EMA-calculated smoking on Day 21 and exhaled CO at the endpoint assessment approximately one week later. The logarithmic relationship is significant (F1,24 ! 8.00, p " .01), and corresponds to a significant linear correlation between logtransformed EMA-calculated smoking and CO (r ! .50, p " .01). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-change-from-baseline-to-endpoint-on-smoking-related-j5g9caji.png Table 2 Change From Baseline to Endpoint on Smoking-Related Measures: Mean (SD) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plot-of-mean-smoking-in-number-of-cigarettes-and-35sp1ch1.png Figure 2. Plot of mean smoking (in number of cigarettes) and mean cravings (from 0–4) at each time point across days. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-craving-mediates-the-within-day-relationship-3e9pmhch.png Figure 4. Craving mediates the within-day relationship between negative mood and smoking. Negative mood relates to increased smoking at the following time point (Figure 4a), as does craving (Figure 4b). Negative mood is also associated with craving concurrently (& ! '.30, t(476) ! 4.10, p " .01). When entered simultaneously, prior craving significantly relates to smoking (log-expectation & ! .23, t(476) ! 9.47, p " .01) but prior mood does not ( p ns), suggesting full mediation (Sobel’s z ! 3.79, p " .01). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-correlations-among-global-self-reports-ema-and-2jxsh35k.png Table 1 Correlations Among Global Self-reports, EMA, and Exhaled CO Measures of Smoking https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-relationship-between-prior-mood-a-and-prior-r96lkeod.png Figure 3. The relationship between prior mood (A) and prior cravings (B) on concurrent smoking, controlling for the quadratic trend within days, the linear effect between days, and baseline nicotine dependence. (A) Mood at time i ' 1 predicting smoking at time i, controlling for time i mood, is a significant predictor of smoking (log-expectation & ! '.05, t(476) ! 2.84, p " .01). A one-point decrease on the 5-point mood scale (i.e., more negative mood) related to 4.5% increase in smoking at the following time point. (B) Craving at time i ' 1 predicting smoking at time i, controlling for time i craving, is a significant predictor of smoking (log-expectation & ! .20, t(476) ! 8.78, p " .01). A one-point increase on the 5-point craving scale (i.e., higher cravings) related to 22% increase in smoking at the following time point. https://scispace.com/papers/using-the-scientific-method-to-guide-learning-an-integrated-6znyfiplui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-using-the-scientific-method-a-study-of-worms-2z8ytv7m.png Table 1. Using the scientific method: a study of worms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-using-the-scientific-method-a-study-of-worms-2137td9u.png Table 1. Using the scientific method: a study of worms https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-using-the-scientific-method-a-study-of-worms-iiez2aoh.png Table 1. Using the scientific method: a study of worms https://scispace.com/papers/using-thermally-coupled-reactive-distillation-columns-in-2lape5p0w0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-operating-conditions-for-reactive-12xwurns.png Figure 2. Comparison of operating conditions for reactive distillation column RD101: (a) temperature profiles; (b) composition profiles; (c) reaction profiles; (d) exergy loss profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-hydraulic-analysis-and-enthalpy-deficit-profiles-2xkk0ylm.png Figure 3. Hydraulic analysis and enthalpy deficit profiles for column RD101: (a) stage-liquid flow rate profiles of base case design; (b) stage-liquid flow rate profiles of thermally-coupled design; (c) stage-vapor flow rate profiles of base case design; (d) stage-vapor flow rate profiles of the thermally-coupled design; (e) stage-enthalpy deficit curves of base case design; (f) stage-enthalpy deficit curves of the thermally-coupled design. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-minimum-exergy-of-separation-and-thermodynamic-ptgwg9vt.png Table 5 Minimum exergy of separation and thermodynamic efficiency estimations based on the converged simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-process-flow-diagrams-for-biodiesel-plant-a-base-2t7j2nva.png Figure 1. Process flow diagrams for biodiesel plant: (a) base case design; (b) thermally-coupled design. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sensitivity-analysis-of-stream-s4a-flow-rate-on-a-23a5xofn.png Figure 4. Sensitivity analysis of stream S4A flow rate on: (a) ester mass fraction in the bottom product stream; (b) column RD101 reboiler duty. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-operating-conditions-for-distillation-17289of2.png Figure 5. Comparison of operating conditions for distillation column T101: (a) temperature profiles; (b) exergy loss profiles. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-some-of-the-streams-properties-for-the-base-case-and-1koav8a2.png Table 4 Some of the streams properties for the base case and thermally coupled designs given in Figure 1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-hydraulic-analysis-and-enthalpy-deficit-profiles-rt0d75i0.png Figure 6. Hydraulic analysis and enthalpy deficit profiles for column T101: (a) stage-liquid flow rate profiles of base case design; (b) stage-liquid flow rate profiles of thermally-coupled design; (c) stage-vapor flow rate profiles of base case design; (d) stage-vapor flow rate profiles of thermally-coupled design; (e) stage-enthalpy deficit curves of base case design; (f) stage-enthalpy deficit curves of the thermally-coupled design. https://scispace.com/papers/using-workspace-information-as-a-guide-to-non-uniform-5ehmsbep6t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-running-times-in-seconds-for-each-of-the-1i07igws.png Figure 5: Running times in seconds for each of the experiments. OW is the octree-watershed method. UR is uniform random and NC is nearest contact. The boxes show the area between the 1st and 3rd quartile. The square shows the average value. For the hole scene, we report times for the scene without (c) and with (d) bounding box. The OW-NC method is a combination of our method and the nearest contact method. The results of the uniform random approach are not shown here, because they do not fit in the scale of the graph; the average running time is over 400 seconds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-an-impression-of-the-topographical-landscape-zbsg9mgw.png Figure 2: An impression of the topographical landscape induced by the cell decomposition of the example scene. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cell-decomposition-of-the-workspace-of-a-2d-160dvpuh.png Figure 1: A cell decomposition of the workspace of a 2D example scene. The grey cells form the watersheds. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-scenes-used-in-the-experiments-a-rooms-b-3t6z0l7f.png Figure 4: The scenes used in the experiments. (a) Rooms. (b) Clutter. (c) Hole. (d) Office. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-labeled-regions-in-the-example-scene-the-grey-3cywwg9f.png Figure 3: (a) Labeled regions in the example scene. The grey squares form watershed regions. (b) Distribution of samples in the example scene when each labeled region is given the same weight. The sample density in open region 5 is clearly higher than the sample density in open region 2. https://scispace.com/papers/utilizing-reflection-properties-of-surfaces-to-improve-jvuym4ftbf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-typical-results-obtained-in-a-global-localization-392sbu7b.png Fig. 8. Typical results obtained in a global localization experiment for our method (top row) and the standard ray-cast model (bottom row). The images depict the particle distribution at different time steps and the cross indicates the ground truth. The images correspond to one experiment of the statistical evaluation shown in the first row of Fig. 6. As can be seen, our method converges faster towards the true location of the robot. For illustration reasons, the maps depicted in the background of the images show the same reflection probability map of the environment. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-comparison-of-the-pose-error-during-global-1rektz7c.png Fig. 7. Comparison of the pose error during global localization in an environment that contains only few surfaces with different reflection properties (multiple bright white posters have been added to the walls to ensure high reflectance). As expected, in this setting no significant difference between the ray-cast model and our new approach can be observed. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-enhanced-reflection-probability-map-different-colors-2juiii1g.png Fig. 5. Enhanced reflection probability map. Different colors of cells indicate the maximum angle of incidence until which valid measurements are expected (the brighter the color red, the bigger the angle). The shown angles correspond to a measurement distance of 0.5 − 1m. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-statistical-evaluation-of-the-global-localization-8tetykib.png Fig. 6. Statistical evaluation of the global localization performance of our method vs. the standard ray-cast model for three different dataset (15 runs with different seeds). The left plots shows the error, computed as weighted mean error, vs. time and the right plots show the corresponding convergence probability vs. time given the 15 runs. As can be seen, our method significantly outperform the ray-cast model (the error bars illustrate the 95% confidence intervals). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-the-cell-containing-the-beam-endpoint-gets-2uxc160z.png Fig. 1. (Left) The cell containing the beam endpoint gets assigned a hit, the cells the beam passes through get assigned a miss. (Middle) In the first stage of our mapping approach, we do not know which object along the ray of the beam caused the erroneous maximum-range reading. Thus, all cells along the ray get assigned the error. (Right) In the second stage, we assign the error reading to the first occupied cell along the ray (which has been observed from a different pose). We update the histogram given the distance d and the angle a. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-resulting-reflection-probability-function-2w0z2bkq.png Fig. 4. Resulting reflection probability function. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-score-function-corresponding-to-the-histogram-show-in-1bgv296g.png Fig. 3. Score function corresponding to the histogram show in Fig. 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-illustration-on-how-to-compute-the-optimal-separator-a-1lodz398.png Fig. 2. Illustration on how to compute the optimal separator a∗ (here illustrated by the dashed line). https://scispace.com/papers/vaccination-efforts-in-brazil-scenarios-and-perspectives-4qlw9r2pas 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-outcomes-for-the-baseline-scenario-and-the-f5phi0dc.png Figure 2: Outcomes for the baseline scenario and the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine. The second dose is given after 90 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-4-percentage-reduction-in-disease-outcomes-for-the-2f0lol05.png Figure B.4: Percentage reduction in disease outcomes for the different scenarios and the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine, with pre-existing immunity in the population of 30%. The second dose is given after 90 days. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-4-percentage-of-symptomatic-fatal-cases-per-age-2r46jzdx.png Table A.4: Percentage of symptomatic fatal cases per age group https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-3-mixing-patterns-among-individuals-and-the-daily-4daye6a7.png Table A.3: Mixing patterns among individuals and the daily number of contacts derived from [34]. Daily numbers of contacts were sampled from Poisson distributions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-outcomes-for-the-baseline-scenario-and-the-37ijiidr.png Figure 1: Outcomes for the baseline scenario and the CoronaVac vaccine. The second dose is given after 21 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-b-1-percentage-reduction-in-outcomes-for-the-1l2g96x8.png Figure B.1: Percentage reduction in outcomes for the different scenarios and the CoronaVac vaccine, with pre-existing immunity in the population of 10%. The second dose is given after 21 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percentage-reduction-in-outcomes-for-the-different-3c4oa620.png Figure 4: Percentage reduction in outcomes for the different scenarios and the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine. The second dose is given after 90 days. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-percentage-reduction-in-outcomes-for-the-different-10dzjpak.png Figure 3: Percentage reduction in outcomes for the different scenarios and the CoronaVac vaccine. The second dose is given after 21 days. https://scispace.com/papers/vacuum-arc-plasma-generation-and-thin-film-deposition-from-a-1xt5i1xyp2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-ieds-of-ti-and-b-ions-from-a-tib2-cathode-operated-at-27kskz63.png FIG. 3. IEDs of Ti and B ions from a TiB2 cathode operated at base pressure. The percentage of each ion species is obtained from integration of the corresponding IEDs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-sem-micrograph-of-the-a-virgin-and-b-used-cathode-1dd9xg29.png FIG. 2. SEM micrograph of the (a) virgin and (b) used cathode surface. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-photos-exposure-time-1-100-s-of-the-cathode-surface-2tls1hi3.png FIG. 1. Photos (exposure time 1/100 s) of the cathode surface during plasma generation in (a) the absence and (b) the presence of a magnetic field. (c) The cathode surface after 10 min of arcing. (d) SEM diagnostics of the deposited film on a MgO substrate. https://scispace.com/papers/vadose-zone-contaminant-fate-and-transport-analysis-for-the-erd9mzj50t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-4-a-comparison-of-measured-and-predicted-99tc-3hefd4t2.png Figure 5.4. A Comparison of Measured and Predicted 99Tc Concentrations Based on a 1-D Convolution Solution to the Convection-Dispersion Equation. The assumed recharge rate is 0.5 mm yr-1 under capping alternative. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-36-calculated-distributions-for-99tc-at-a-1piieh4d.png Figure 5.36. Calculated Distributions for 99Tc at a Hypothetical Receptor well Under a Recharge Rate of 0.5 mm/yr Based on STOMP Simulations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-37-calculated-distributions-for-no3-at-a-2kzztqhw.png Figure 5.37. Calculated Distributions for NO3- at a Hypothetical Receptor well Under a Recharge Rate of 0.5 mm/yr Based on STOMP Simulations. The dotted line is the MCL of 10 mg/L. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-6-summary-of-nodal-fluid-source-strength-and-1hu0kqfv.png Table 3.6. Summary of Nodal Fluid Source Strength and Duration https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-7-summary-of-nodal-solute-strength-and-duration-for-21519v63.png Table 3.7. Summary of Nodal Solute Strength and Duration for Contaminant Inventories Based on the 2004 Composite Analysis 10,000-Year (Median Inputs) Assessment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-2-exposed-trench-face-showing-layered-heterogeneity-2dhe1tsc.png Figure 2.2. Exposed Trench Face Showing Layered Heterogeneity in Hanford’s 200 East Area. This trench was located near the south boundary of the ILAW Site. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-3-summary-geologic-log-for-borehole-c4191-at-the-bxw60zka.png Figure 2.3. Summary Geologic Log for Borehole C4191 at the 216-B-26 Trench https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-4-estimated-dispersivity-for-different-textural-1dcn1q1v.png Table 3.4. Estimated Dispersivity for Different Textural Classes https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-an-integrated-experimental-set-up-for-kinetic-5erqvg1qyf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-body-marker-placement-3l8pc327.png Figure 1: body marker placement https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-synchronisation-of-dynamics-and-emg-data-2pvwt6f6.png Fig. 4. Synchronisation of dynamics and EMG data https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-motion-capture-environment-hc-hand-contactors-sb-1rycvyo7.png Fig. 3. Motion capture environment. HC: hand contactors; SB: starting blocks; SS: synchronisation system. Note that curtains and panels allowed the creation of the dim environment necessary for the motion capture. The distance between VCam was 4 to 4.5 m in the length and between 7 and 2 m in width, the VCams were arranged three meters off the ground and oriented downwards around the space capture, the space capture obtained was 6 m x 1.5 m x 2 m https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-schematic-tool-connections-design-tools-the-26p6nycs.png Fig. 2. Schematic tool connections. "Design" tools: the synchronisation box triggered the pedal https://scispace.com/papers/validate-simulate-and-implement-arinc653-systems-using-the-2ywzp0hwfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-partitions-requirements-2cpr8afa.png Table 1: Partitions Requirements https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-requirements-of-ravenscar-and-synchronous-partitions-372npw8j.png Table 2: Requirements of Ravenscar and Synchronous partitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-requirements-of-the-queued-buffer-partition-1yq078tn.png Table 3: Requirements of the Queued Buffer partition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-case-study-3c5lmlyn.png Figure 9: Case study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-arinc653-hierarchical-scheduling-example-mn5lwt3g.png Figure 3: ARINC653 hierarchical scheduling example https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-arinc653-module-with-two-partitions-15su5y5i.png Figure 2: ARINC653 module with two partitions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-aadl-v2-tool-chain-for-cheddar-3uydn4ii.png Figure 6: AADL V2 tool chain for Cheddar https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-ocarina-development-process-to-implement-systems-3ikf4j6v.png Figure 7: Ocarina development process to implement systems from AADL specifications https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-dem-modeling-of-sintering-using-an-in-situ-x-4o40ikom62 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-3d-segmentation-of-particles-obtained-from-1if9cscp.png Figure 3: 3D segmentation of particles obtained from reconstruction of a microtomography image https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-evolution-of-relative-indentation-h-d-during-1h2ivsek.png Figure 8: Evolution of relative indentation h/d during sintering of NaCl powder at 973 K, with h the indentation parameter and d = R1 +R2. Experiment (Tomo) and simulation (DEM) results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-definition-of-indentation-h-for-two-particles-in-3m6xedw0.png Figure 7: Definition of indentation h for two particles in contact https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-evolution-of-relative-density-during-sintering-of-3g1x474p.png Figure 5: Evolution of relative density during sintering of NaCl powder at 973oK, with D and Do respectively the density and initial density. Experiment (Tomo) and simulation (DEM) results. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-evolution-of-coordination-number-z-during-sintering-h4xaqf3a.png Figure 6: Evolution of coordination number Z during sintering of NaCl powder at 973oK, experiment (Tomo) and simulation (DEM) results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-initial-particle-and-pore-size-distribution-of-the-300a59yb.png Figure 4: Initial Particle and Pore Size Distribution of the NaCl powder https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ebsd-analysis-of-a-particle-of-nacl-crystal-cluianzp.png Figure 1: EBSD analysis of a particle of NaCl, crystal orientation corresponding to the color range (a) and image of the NaCl crystal (b) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-evolution-of-rearrangement-parameter-th-during-250dkty2.png Figure 9: Evolution of rearrangement parameter θ during sintering of NaCl powder at 973 K. Experiment (Tomo) and simulation (DEM) results https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-the-hebrew-birth-satisfaction-scale-revised-cvzwb4pjcr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-bss-r-total-and-sub-scale-scores-22hpwmn0.png Table 1. Comparison of BSS-R total and sub-scale scores differentiated by birth delivery type and experience of labour as traumatic. SD are in parentheses, degrees of freedom = 281 (df =280 trauma comparisons). Assisted/operative delivery group comprised, planned Ceasarean section N=7, Emergency Ceasarean section N=38, Instrument N = 27. https://scispace.com/papers/validating-xml-documents-in-the-streaming-model-with-1jginlw6s8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-c-is-the-current-element-under-consideration-in-3hibhred.png Figure 5: c is the current element under consideration in Algorithm 3. a1, b1 is in the subtree of b2, compare Item 1 of Fact 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-left-introductory-example-tree-t-already-shown-in-3so1c8km.png Figure 6: Left: introductory example tree t already shown in Figure 1. Middle: FCNS encoding of t: XML(FCNS(t)) = https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-left-hard-instance-right-its-fcns-encoded-form-2kuemzln.png Figure 12: Left: hard instance. Right: its FCNS encoded form. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-left-hard-instance-in-fcns-form-where-y-is-any-4z30w6mn.png Figure 13: Left: hard instance in FCNS form, where y is any tree of size Θ(n). Right: its decoded form. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-in-line-2-blocks-from-stream-1-are-copied-onto-1nkw8yd1.png Figure 7: In Line 2, blocks from stream 1 are copied onto stream 2 and stream 3. The Bi are sorted blocks. In line 3, all blocks Bi and Bi+1 are merged into a sorted block Bi(i+1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-main-difficulty-of-the-fcns-decoding-is-to-3vhm2idn.png Figure 11: The main difficulty of the FCNS decoding is to write the closing tag of a node p when the closing tag of its left child is seen. This is difficult when the subtrees of v1 and v2 are large. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-let-s-a-b-c-and-let-t-be-the-tree-as-above-then-xml-2t32qx20.png Figure 1: Let Σ = {a, b, c}, and let t be the tree as above. Then XML(t) = rbaaaaccbbbbaaaabccr. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-visualization-of-the-structure-of-the-stack-used-in-1b1pvhqj.png Figure 3: Visualization of the structure of the stack used in Algorithm 1. The stack fulfills the regular expression a∗b∗( | c | de), compare Item 3 of Fact 1. The (ai)i=1...k are closing tags whose parents’ nodes were not verified top-down. For j > i, aj is connected to ai by the right sibling of ai. The (bi)i=1...l form a sequence of opening tags such that bi is the parent node of bi+1. On top of the stack might be one or two closing tags depending on the current state of the verification process. https://scispace.com/papers/validity-and-reliability-of-different-techniques-of-neck-3fl587ctdc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-three-dimensional-model-of-the-pelvis-and-38o5skrr.png Figure 2 (a) Three-dimensional model of the pelvis and proximal femurs and the four different 2D methods of NSA measurement: (b) method 1; (c) method 2; (d) method 3 (Wilson et al. 2011); (e) method 4 (Houston & Zaleski 1967, Chung et al. 2010). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-blandealtman-plots-displaying-the-differences-38x5q37a.png Figure 3 BlandeAltman plots displaying the differences between the 2D NSAmeasurement methods (three operators, three times each for all 17 patients) and the 3D reference standard, at different AR positions. The mean and 2 SD of these differences are displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-simulation-of-nsa-calculations-as-a-2d-projection-19e33r9g.png Figure 5 Simulation of NSA calculations as a 2D projection on the frontal plane of the 3D angle with increasing ARs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-visibility-of-the-lesser-trochanter-in-relation-to-3bpjhhfz.png Figure 6 Visibility of the lesser trochanter in relation to the femoral diaphysis with increasing (a) internal rotation and (b) external rotation of the femur. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-bias-to-the-three-dimensional-reference-sd-13w43hsa.png Table 1 Bias to the three-dimensional reference ( SD), repeatability variance (SR) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculated for the different neckshaft angle measurement methods at different pelvic axial rotation (AR) positions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-global-uncertainty-e-for-each-nsa-measurement-27tfmjqq.png Figure 4 Global uncertainty (ε) for each NSA measurement method at different increments of pelvic AR malpositioning. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-dimensional-a-frontal-and-b-lateral-digitally-2nvjdiuc.png Figure 1 Two-dimensional (a) frontal and (b) lateral digitally reconstructed radiographs of the pelvis and proximal femur from helical pelvic CT images with increasing pelvic AR in increments of 5 . https://scispace.com/papers/valuation-of-information-technology-investmentsas-real-4zjy255jrf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-the-example-it-development-project-su9l5h35.png Table 2. Parameters for the Example IT Development Project (Base Case) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optimal-decisions-for-it-acquisition-projects-under-n3ujtgke.png Table 3. Optimal Decisions for IT Acquisition Projects under Uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-generic-it-investment-project-2f8bdoat.png Figure 2: Generic IT Investment Project https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-optimal-decisions-for-it-development-projects-under-2wtv6eue.png Table 1. Optimal Decisions for IT Development Projects under Uncertainty https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-impact-of-cost-uncertainty-in-the-value-of-the-eaasag7y.png Figure 6. Impact of Cost Uncertainty in the Value of the Investment Opportunity and NPV for the Yankee 24 Project (t= 0, K(0)=$546) (thousands) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-impact-of-cost-uncertainty-in-the-difference-7g5rcyf1.png Figure 7. Impact of Cost Uncertainty in the Difference between the Value of the Investment opportunity and NPV (> 0) for the Example Acquisition Project (t= 0, K(0)=546) (thousands) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-impact-of-cost-decay-d-in-critical-asset-values-for-1xm94y4j.png Figure 4. Impact of Cost Decay (δ) in Critical Asset Values for Example Development Project https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-conceptualization-of-the-yankee-24-project-as-an-it-3u6p003l.png Figure 5: Conceptualization of the Yankee 24 Project as an IT Acquisition Project https://scispace.com/papers/validation-of-the-numerical-rating-scale-for-pain-intensity-4jh70w987t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-chi-square-goodness-of-fit-test-examining-children-s-1g0ylc4j.png Table 4. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test Examining Children's Preferred Measurement Tool to Assess Pain Intensity and Unpleasantness https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-histogram-of-absolute-values-of-score-differences-1eckfb84.png Figure 1. Histogram of absolute values of score differences between the NRSI-l and FPS-R. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlation-coefficients-and-partial-correlations-3sl2laew.png Table 2. Correlation Coefficients and Partial Correlations Controlling for Age and Gender on Various Pain Scales https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-one-way-anovas-comparing-scores-on-the-nrs-across-t6855f2i.png Table 3. One-Way Anovas Comparing Scores on the NRS Across Levels of the VRS https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-descriptives-of-pain-and-functional-disability-1isqt2oc.png Table 1. Descriptives of Pain and Functional Disability Scales https://scispace.com/papers/value-co-creation-and-customer-citizenship-behavior-1zve1361ms 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-conceptual-model-the-role-of-value-in-use-and-co-1ae1z2k2.png Figure 1: Conceptual model: the role of value in use and co-production in value cocreation, guest satisfaction and willingness to engage in customer citizenship behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-path-coefficients-t-values-confidence-intervals-3bxxkydn.png Table I: Path Coefficients, t Values, Confidence Intervals https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-total-effects-t-values-confidence-intervals-2wrj3ff5.png Table II: Total effects, t Values, Confidence Intervals https://scispace.com/papers/value-of-pumped-hydro-storage-in-a-hybrid-energy-generation-gpy9kj1iui 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-parameters-for-model-i909enrt.png Table 2 Parameters for model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameters-used-in-the-analysis-zucf1m6n.png Table 4 Parameters used in the analysis. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-b-3-h-data-of-solar-radiation-per-square-kilometer-y7169r9h.png Fig. 4. (a-b) 3-h data of solar radiation per square kilometer for the year 2002 in Delhi and Punjab. (c-d) Estimated demand load curves for one year in Delhi and Punjab, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summarized-results-for-the-integrated-system-versus-36kyvjll.png Table 6 Summarized results for the integrated system versus isolated systems. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summarized-results-for-the-integrated-systems-with-1xj431dh.png Table 7 Summarized results for the integrated systems with pumped hydro storage and conventional hydro storage. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-schematic-illustration-for-hybrid-system-with-pumped-1h43oqwr.png Fig. 1. A schematic illustration for hybrid system with pumped hydro storage. There are two levels of reservoirs and water can be pumped from lower reservoir to upper reservoir using the excess solar energy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-water-stored-in-the-upper-and-lower-reservoirs-the-2w91uv62.png Fig. 5. Water stored in the upper and lower reservoirs – the upper reservoir is assumed to be full at the start and the end of the cycle. There is almost no water stored in the lower reservoir in the Monsoon season since the natural inflow of water eliminates the need to pump water to the upper reservoir. (0.01 km3 ∼ 2.4 GWh). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-flows-from-to-the-upper-reservoir-pump-operations-are-3nd76gq8.png Fig. 6. Flows from/to the upper reservoir – pump operations are limited during the Monsoon season due to high natural inflow into the reservoir. (0.01 km3 ∼ 2.4 GWh). https://scispace.com/papers/vanadium-based-polyoxometalate-as-new-material-for-sodium-10dou3767p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-determination-of-the-oxidation-state-of-vanadium-2latsvtv.png Figure 6 | Determination of the oxidation state of vanadium before and after cycling. Illustrates the oxidation state of vanadium in the POM by XPS measurements of (left) a pristine Na6[V10O28] electrode and (right) discharged Na6[V10O28] electrode. This shows that vanadium is reduced during Na+-insertion. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-proof-of-concept-for-a-pom-based-full-cell-set-up-a-3dglef1u.png Figure 7 | Proof of concept for a POM –based full cell set-up. (a) Shows the cyclic voltrammogram of the full cell at 0.2 mV/s. Anode: POM, Cathode: Spherical NaxMnO2+y (not weight balanced). Cycles 7 – 9 after cycling six times in a narrower voltage ranges. (b) Illustrates the full cell charge / discharge capacities with respect to the POM as well as the corresponding coulomb efficiencies. Anode: POM, Cathode: Spherical NaxMnO2+y (not weight balanced). Potential range: 0 – 3.8 V; previous cycles were cycled in narrower voltage ranges https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-determination-of-the-surface-characteristics-of-the-3cbyrigs.png Figure 3 | Determination of the surface characteristics of the compound. (a) Shows the graph resulting from BET measurements. (b) Illustrates the corresponding BJH pore size distribution for Na6[V10O28]·16H2O. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-morphological-analysis-of-the-pom-a-b-c-illustrates-20yxaa3j.png Figure 4 | Morphological analysis of the POM. (a), (b) & (c) Illustrates the rod-like morphology of Na6[V10O28]·16H2O by SEM (a, b) and bright-field TEM (c) measurements. (d) Shows the high-resolution TEM image of the POM. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-different-characterization-methods-to-identify-the-2grwxcxx.png Figure 2 | Different characterization methods to identify the compound. (a) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-electrochemical-behaviour-and-peformance-of-the-pom-2hi8koka.png Figure 5 | Electrochemical behaviour and peformance of the POM electrode in a sodium cell. (a) Shows the cyclic voltammogram (cycles 1-5) of Na6[V10O28] in a half-cell set-up with 1M NaClO4 in EC:PC (1:1 % weight) as electrolyte at a scan rate of 0.01 mV s-1 (b) Illustrates the galvanostatic charge / discharge profile in a half-cell set-up with 1M NaClO4 in EC:PC (1:1 % weight) as electrolyte at 50 mA g-1. (c) Illustrates the rate capability and stability of Na6[V10O28] in a half-cell set-up with 1M NaClO4 in EC:PC (1:1 % weight) as electrolyte. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-overview-of-different-anode-materials-for-sodium-3ebewtc9.png Figure 1 | Overview of different anode materials for sodium ion batteries. https://scispace.com/papers/vapour-liquid-equilibria-of-ethane-and-ethanethiol-nb75mknl6s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-experimental-vle-data-x1-liquid-phase-mole-fraction-7jmj4df5.png Figure 4 Experimental VLE data, x1 = liquid-phase mole fraction of ethane and y1 = vapourphase mole fraction, for (ethane + ethyl mercaptan) system. Points are experimental data at three isotherms: 303 K; 323; Δ343 K. Solid Lines are calculations using Model 1, dashed lines are calculations using Model 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-flow-diagram-and-various-parts-of-the-analytical-28npqaxb.png Figure 3 Flow diagram and various parts of the analytical loop for online sample analysis using GC. Description of parts:- C: Analytical pcacked column, I: Injector, O: Oven, RS: Online sampler, TCD: Thermal Conductivity Detector [1]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-temperature-dependent-nrtl-binary-interaction-1hukqh52.png Figure 7 Temperature-dependent NRTL binary interaction parameter regressed over the experimental data (): a12, (•): a21. Dotted lines: tendency curves. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-adjusted-nrtl-binary-interaction-parameters-and-jl3ga9w7.png Table 6 Adjusted NRTL binary interaction parameters and objective function values for model 2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-experimental-setup-based-on-analytic-static-aycv3a6i.png Figure 1 The experimental setup based on “analytic-static” technique for VLE studies with two online capillary samplers [1]. Descriptions:- CDC: Central desktop computer, DS: Degassed solution, DT: Displacement transducer, EC: Equilibrium cell, G: Gas cylinder, GC: Gas chromatograph, GR: Gas reserve, LB: Liquid bath, LS: Liquid sampler, LSC: Local sample controller, LV: Loading valve, MR: Magnetic rod, MP: Multiple phase agitator, PN: Pressurized nitrogen, PP: Pt temperature sensor, PT: Pressure transducer (L: Low pressure and H: High pressure), SA: Stirring assembly, SD: Stirring device (motor), ST: Sapphire tube, SV: Separation valve, TR: Temperature controller, VP: Vacuum pump, VS: Vapor sampler, VVCS: Variable volume cell for solution. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cross-sectional-view-flow-diagram-and-various-parts-1ayfawd8.png Figure 2 Cross sectional view, flow diagram, and various parts of the online capillary sampler used for phase sampling [1]. https://scispace.com/papers/varan-gie-curation-of-genomic-interval-sets-s75x8ojjec 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-annotated-screenshot-explaining-the-core-components-soku47k6.png Figure 1: Annotated screenshot explaining the core components of the VARAN GUI and demonstrating how it can be used for the curation of somatic copy-number aberration (SCNA) segments in SNP array and low-coverage WGS data. The window on the left shows the regular IGV GUI that was extended using additional toolbox items and various context menus (not shown). The 3 windows on the right are VARAN-specific and show (from top to bottom) a list of configured datasets, the genomic intervals of the currently selected layer (“cPB PLA”) and a list of configured data tracks than can quickly be loaded by the user. The shown IGV data tracks contain SNP array and low-coverage WGS data as well as several annotation tracks. The two highlighted BED tracks are automatically maintained by VARAN and contain intervals configured in two different data layers. The currently active layer is highlighted in bright red color and the respective intervals are also shown in the top panel just below the chromosome ideogram. Clicking on these intervals opens context menus for interval curation (not shown). https://scispace.com/papers/variability-of-gait-spatio-temporal-parameters-during-2p63nrcmlf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-stride-length-time-and-speed-during-the-perturbed-3dj8171d.png Figure 1. Stride length, time, and speed during the perturbed walk of subject 10. The data come from the study of Moore et al.16. For clarity, the stride time and length time series were vertically shifted by 0.15 s and 0.30 m, respectively. Thick solid lines show trends in stride time and length calculated using the piecewise linear variant of the MARS model. There were no trends in stride speed. The inset shows the commanded belt speed during the perturbation phase of the trial. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-variance-of-stride-speed-ss-stride-length-sl-22s7h7fx.png Figure 2. The variance of stride speed (SS), stride length (SL), and stride time (ST) (top row, subplots (a) and (b)). The normalized contribution of stride length (P (n) 1 ), covariance of stride length and stride time (P (n) 2 ), and stride time (P (n) 3 ) to stride speed variance (bottom row, subplots (c) and (d)). The boxplots are shown for three treadmill speeds for both unperturbed (left column) and perturbed walk (right column). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-stride-speed-variance-s2ss-and-its-approximation-s-2-12gzan9n.png Table 1. Stride speed variance σ2SS and its approximation σ̂ 2 SS for the experiment with treadmill speed 1.2 m/s performed by Moore et al.16. The data are presented for both first normal walk (FNW) and perturbed walk (PW). P (n) 1 , P (n) 2 , and P (n) 3 are the normalized contributions to σ2SS of stride length, covariance of stride length and stride time, stride time, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-dependence-of-coefficients-c-f-1-a-and-ci-b-on-2f5eixvy.png Figure 3. Dependence of coefficients c ( f ) 1 (a) and ci (b) on treadmill speed. In the insets of the top subplot, the filled circles represent the group-averaged values of stride length (SL) and time (ST) calculated for three treadmill speeds used in the experiment. The lines connecting the circles are the linear and hyperbolic fits to the experimental averages of SL and ST, respectively. We used these fit functions to plot both types of coefficients as a continuous function of treadmill speed. https://scispace.com/papers/variable-span-filters-for-speech-enhancement-4beyw9pvzr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-filter-performances-versus-top-the-filter-length-and-1knuqufw.png Fig. 1. Filter performances versus (top) the filter length, and (bottom) the assumed signal subspace rank. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-nitrogen-deposition-and-available-soil-nitrogen-5f4ac0x9tr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-details-of-anova-for-significant-effects-top-22hso3r7.png Table 1. Details of ANOVA for significant effects. Top: treatment effects on deposition rate, bottom: effects on available soil N. https://scispace.com/papers/variation-in-oxytocin-is-related-to-variation-in-affiliative-1yyjkrip4t 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-correlation-of-pair-oxytocin-levels-with-affiliative-35hxub6f.png Fig. 3. Correlation of pair oxytocin levels with affiliative and sexual behavior. RS=0.78, pb0.01. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-within-pair-correlation-of-oxytocin-levels-rs-0-71-pb0-2q89vfpw.png Fig. 2. Within pair correlation of oxytocin levels. RS=0.71, pb0.02. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-hormonal-response-of-male-tamarins-to-estrogen-pellets-1r9mrdzb.png Fig. 1. Hormonal response of male tamarins to estrogen pellets. Top: estradiol, Bottom: oxytocin. https://scispace.com/papers/variational-tangent-plane-intersection-for-planar-polygonal-3knhh4dtxu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-local-intersection-scenarios-between-a-primal-blue-ifwiy3kb.png Figure 3: Local intersection scenarios between a primal (blue) and dual (green) structure. (a) A simple projection suffices to check whether a dual vertex lies “in front of” a primal face. (b) Likewise, one needs to check if a dual face lies “above” the primal vertex. (c) A dual edge can penetrate two neighboring primal faces, lying “underneath” the primal edge. A constraint can be derived by comparing the normal (red) of the plane spanned by the dual edge and a primal vertex with the primal edge. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-red-a-naive-dual-structure-with-planar-faces-6r92f7zp.png Figure 2: Red: a naı̈ve dual structure with planar faces penetrating the primal structure in different ways. Blue: non-penetrating dual structure utilizing the constraints of Section 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shows-the-effect-of-the-element-fairing-and-normal-22fehfr8.png Figure 7: Shows the effect of the element fairing and normal smoothness energies when computing dual structures of the ALPINEHUT model, also shown in Figure 2. The second row uses the intersection constraints from Section 3. All four examples used the positional energy. Additionally using element fairing tends to concentrate curvature to sharp creases, segmenting the mesh into flat or low-curvature patches consisting mainly of regular convex faces, while the normal smoothness leads to a rounder shape. These effects are most visible in the top two rows, in the absence of constraints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-variational-shape-approximation-with-planar-panels-2ml4ni2e.png Figure 6: Variational Shape Approximation with planar panels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-plane-of-each-dual-face-is-defined-by-the-3ej1efsf.png Figure 1: The plane of each dual face is defined by the tangent plane of the respective primal vertex. The dual edges lie in the pairwise intersections (dotted) of these tangent planes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-dual-structures-of-symmetric-and-non-symmetric-2u1mju6o.png Figure 8: Dual structures of symmetric and non-symmetric input triangulations for the TRAINSTATION design, all computed using the same parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-two-compared-methods-yield-very-similar-results-229zclnm.png Figure 4: The two compared methods yield very similar results in good-natured areas. However, in areas where the input quads are not aligned to the principal curvatures (front leg of FELINE) the results strongly differ. Also see the Discussion in Section 4.1. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-results-for-different-parameters-for-planarization-19f6z688.png Figure 5: Results for different parameters for planarization. When primarily preserving the shape of the quads (“LLH”) ripples similar to [Alexa and Wardetzky 2011] occur. Additionally enforcing high positional and directional constraints (“HHH”) yields the mesh on the right. https://scispace.com/papers/variational-segmentation-of-color-images-3m99izgikq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-original-images-2yv0azc9.png Fig. 1. Original images. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-segmentation-results-when-applying-the-em-algorithm-2hb80vlq.png Fig. 3. Segmentation results when applying the EM algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-segmentation-results-when-applying-the-vem-algorithm-a-ehvgn3gn.png Fig. 2. Segmentation results when applying the VEM algorithm: (a),(b),(c) Original images; (d)-(l) Segmentation results using N Gaussian components. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-between-em-and-vem-algorithms-in-color-sdc1gyp1.png Table 1. Comparison between EM and VEM algorithms in color image segmentation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-estimating-the-number-of-mixture-components-using-bic-fsb055ot.png Fig. 4. Estimating the number of mixture components using BIC. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-convergence-of-the-log-likelihood-we-compare-the-6w0r4nnb.png Fig. 5. Convergence of the log-likelihood. We compare the proposed VEM algorithm with EM algorithm using the log-likelihood and the PSNR as comparison measures. The results displayed in Table 1, show that VEM outperforms EM. The same improvement can be also observed from the segmented images in Figures 2 and 3. https://scispace.com/papers/variations-in-soil-nutrient-dynamics-and-bacterial-2wsq87yr6a 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-principal-component-analysis-pca-based-on-soil-27hn5rmn.png Fig. 1 (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) based on soil physicochemical 533 properties as variables. The sampling tea stands from same site were circulated and 534 grouped as same color. (B) and (C) significant linear regression (p < 0.01) between 535 total carbon (TOC)/ microbial biological nitrogen (MBN) in the soil and the stand age 536 across all tea plantations. 537 538 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-a-the-co-occurrence-networks-visualize-the-effects-of-25len5la.png Fig. 5 (A) The co-occurrence networks visualize the effects of varying stand ages of 569 tea plantations (Y3-20, Y40-50, Y90) and the adjacent forest (F)) on the 570 co-occurrence pattern between soil bacterial taxa at family level The node size is 571 proportional to the abundance of taxa, and the nodes represent bacterial taxa at family 572 level. The edges are colored according to interaction types; positive correlations are 573 labeled with green and negative correlations are colored in pink. (B) CIRCOS plots 574 showing the distribution of links among the top 10 interacting phyla in networks 575 Y3-20, Y40-50, Y90 and F. (C) Linear regression relationships between tea stand 576 ages and key topological parameters of all subnetworks (average path length, 577 centralization betweenness, No. of edges and No. of verticles). (D) Spearman's 578 correlations between soil physicochemical properties and topological parameters in all 579 subnetworks. Significant correlations are marked by * (p < 0.05), **(p < 0.01), and 580 ***(p < 0.001). (E) Topological parameters of the networks Y3-20, Y40-50, Y90 and 581 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-function-predictions-of-microbial-communities-in-tea-3ud8dxyw.png Fig. 4 Function predictions of microbial communities in tea plantation soils across 563 varying stand ages and different sampling sites by FAPROTAX. The relative 564 abundance of each functional categories is normalized and represented by Z-score. (A) 565 Comparison of dominant functional categories; (B) The Spearman’s correlation 566 between 15 most abundant microbial classes and predicted functional categories. 567 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-the-richness-of-soil-bacterial-community-of-tea-39a4cydu.png Fig. 3. (A) The richness of soil bacterial community of tea plantation at varying stand 553 ages and different sampling sites. (B) and (C) significant linear regression (p < 0.001) 554 relationships between total carbon (TOC)/ soil pH in the soil and the richness of soil 555 bacterial communities across all tea stands. (D) Principal coordinate analysis (based 556 on Bray-Curtis distances) of soil bacterial community composition across varying 557 stand ages and different sampling sites. The samples separated by sites (TRI, HZ, and 558 JL, respectively; represented by different shape) and stand ages (F (adjacent forest); 559 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-soil-physicochemical-properties-in-tea-plantations-tie2rudz.png Table 1. Soil physicochemical properties in tea plantations under different sites and stand ages 598 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-taxonomic-structure-of-the-soil-bacterial-microbiota-e5qttw28.png Fig. 2. (A) Taxonomic structure of the soil bacterial microbiota at the phylum level. 542 Only the 10 phylum with the highest mean relative abundance were shown, while the 543 other phylum groups were grouped into “others”. (B) The effects of varying stand 544 ages on the relative abundance of soil bacterial lineages were assessed through LDA 545 Effect Size (LEfSe) with an absolute logarithmic LDA score threshold of 2.0 at three 546 sampling sites (TRI, HZ and JL respectively). There are six circular rings in the 547 cladogram, each circular ring deposit all taxa within a taxonomic level; the circular 548 ring from inside to outside represents supergroup, phylum, class, order, family, and 549 genus respectively 550 551 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-a-redundancy-analysis-rda-of-the-relationships-between-h0bu1hwt.png Fig. 6. (A) Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationships between soil 584 physicochemical properties and bacterial communities under different sites and stand 585 ages. The samples separated by sites (TRI, HZ, and JL, respectively; represented by 586 different shape) and stand ages (including the adjacent forest (F); represented by 587 different colors). (B) The effects of stand age and sampling site on soil bacterial 588 communities of tea plantations based on permutation multivariate analysis of variance 589 (PERMANOVA). (C) Pairwise comparisons of soil physicochemical properties are 590 shown, with a color gradient denoting Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Bacterial 591 (based on the relative abundance of OTUs) and functional (based on the relative 592 abundance of functional categories predicted by FAPROTAX) community 593 composition and co-occurrence network (based on the topological parameters of all 594 subnetworks) are related to each soil properties by Mantel tests. Edge width 595 corresponds to the Mantel’s R statistic for the corresponding distance correlations, and 596 edge color denotes the statistical significance based on 9,999 permutations.597 https://scispace.com/papers/various-localized-epigenetic-marks-predict-expression-across-42uvvnh7vp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-h3k36me3-is-the-most-predictive-histone-mark-across-1n0tqmx6.png Figure 4: H3K36me3 is the most predictive histone mark across most classes of anatomy. The height of the bars represents how much weight the model gave the corresponding predictor and are scaled to the r2 value of that model. Error bars represent standard error of the mean across the category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-h3k36me3-is-the-most-predictive-histone-mark-in-3a7pzvpn.png Figure 3: H3K36me3 is the most predictive histone mark in cultured genomes. The height of the bars represents how much weight the model gave the corresponding predictor and are scaled to the r2 value of that model. Error bars represent standard error of the mean across the category. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-marks-h3k36me3-and-h3k4me3-contain-the-most-1e55rmoo.png Figure 6: Marks H3K36me3 and H3K4me3 contain the most significantly enriched states. The height of the bars represents the fold-enrichment of the represented state in the best bin of the represented histone mark. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-tssa-tssbiv-and-txwk-are-the-most-frequently-2g4u5e1n.png Figure 5: TssA, TssBiv, and TxWk are the most frequently significantly enriched states. The height of the bars represents the fold-enrichment of the represented state in the best bin of the represented histone mark. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-here-the-gene-body-as-well-as-2000-base-pairs-3mhyed8j.png Figure 1: Here, the gene body as well as 2000 base pairs upstream and downstream is divided into 80 bins of 100 base pairs each and one bin to capture the rest of the gene body. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-here-bin-p-is-chosen-as-the-best-bin-for-epigenome-g9d1q4md.png Figure 2: Here, bin p is chosen as the “best bin” for epigenome X and histone mark Y. https://scispace.com/papers/vcf2gwas-python-api-for-comprehensive-gwas-analysis-using-3k8dk47k0o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-manhattan-plot-produced-by-vcf2gwas-on-avrrpm1-28bvagqw.png Figure 1: Manhattan plot produced by vcf2gwas on avrRpm1 recognition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Linear mixed model analysis on a hypersensitive response phenotype observed in 58 A. thaliana host lines in response to Pseudomonas syringe expressing avrRpm1 gene. The most significant SNP is 700 bp upstream of the A. thaliana Rpm1 resistance gene. Description of the original experiment can be found at https://arapheno.1001genomes. org/phenotype/17/. https://scispace.com/papers/vector-genetics-insecticide-resistance-and-gene-drives-an-1ta2x81c1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-seasonality-and-spatial-simulation-setup-using-emod-a-2cfodx2m.png Fig 3. Seasonality and spatial simulation setup using EMOD. (A) Single peak seasonality profile characteristic of a Sahelian seasonal and transmission setting. All simulations presented here with a prevalence endpoint measure use this seasonality profile resulting in an annual EIR of around 125 infectious bites per person. (B) Spatial grid used for spatiotemporal gene drive simulations. Six nodes with the largest human population are selected as release sites for genetically modified mosquitoes carrying drives and are marked in red. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-tracking-the-effect-of-insecticide-resistance-on-n5mzlbby.png Fig 7. Tracking the effect of insecticide resistance on prevalence in a Sahelian setting. RDT prevalence (top row) across a period of six years averaged over 50 stochastic realizations for three scenarios—when no interventions are deployed, when ITNs are deployed at 60% coverage absent any resistance, and with the presence of resistance. Establishment rates of susceptible and resistant genomes in the scenario with resistance (bottom row). The shaded area around the mean represents one standard deviation calculated across the 50 stochastic realizations. ITNs are distributed every three years at the beginning of the peak season. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-how-gene-drives-behave-in-the-vector-1gbdpv7l.png Fig 6. Example of how gene drives behave in the vector genetics model. The mean (solid line) and one standard deviation (shaded area) of genomes in the population over time of 50 stochastic realizations when male mosquitoes with drive are released into a wild-type population. There is no seasonal variation and no spatial component. Mosquitoes homozygous in ‘a0’ are the wild-type mosquitoes. Male mosquitoes carrying the ‘a1’ allele in a homozygous configuration are released 200 days after simulation starts. The ‘a1’ allele is a driven allele and has a homing rate of 50% to the ‘a0’ site. (A) There are no fitness costs associated with drive mosquitoes. (B) Mosquitoes with drive in either a homozygous or heterozygous configuration have a 10% higher mortality rate than wild-type mosquitoes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-evolution-of-true-prevalence-over-time-when-different-11z58rrj.png Fig 9. Evolution of true prevalence over time when different intervention packages are deployed in a multi location Sahelian setting. Results are from a spatial simulation with 150 one square kilometer nodes with varying population and larval habitat sizes spread across 300 square kilometers. Four different scenarios are explored—absent any vector control interventions, release of genetically modified mosquitoes carrying a drive that reduces the probability of parasite transmission from mosquitoes to humans, deploying ITNs every three years just as the peak season begins to pick up, and a combination of gene drive and ITNs. The average of 50 stochastic realizations of each scenario is represented by solid lines while the shaded area represents one standard deviation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-example-of-how-traits-and-alleles-interact-in-the-dd01i9h4.png Fig 4. Example of how traits and alleles interact in the vector genetics model. There is no seasonal variation and no spatial component. (A) Genomes of mosquitoes in the model. Mosquitoes homozygous in ‘a0’ are the wild-type mosquitoes. Male mosquitoes carrying the ‘a1’ allele in a homozygous or heterozygous configuration have decreased mortality, which is thus a dominant trait, and is modeled as a halving of their probability of dying. (B) Distributions of genomes in the population over time average over 50 stochastic realizations. Male mosquitoes homozygous in the ‘a1’ allele are released mid-year during the first year of the simulation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-likelihood-of-elimination-in-a-sahelian-setting-using-1jvchn4u.png Fig 8. Likelihood of elimination in a Sahelian setting using gene drives that reduce the probability of transmission of parasites from mosquitoes to humans. Three scenarios are presented—one without ITNs, and ITNs distributed every three years over a six year period at 60% and 80% coverage, respectively. The fraction of simulations eliminating is evaluated over 50 stochastic realizations for a given value pair of probability of transmission from mosquito to human and likelihood of successful gene drive of the gene responsible for reduced transmission. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-example-of-species-introgression-in-the-vector-2bepvn1t.png Fig 5. Example of species introgression in the vector genetics model. The mean (solid line) and one standard deviation (shaded area) of genomes in the population over time of 50 stochastic realizations when 10000 male and female mosquitoes of species 2 that are homozygous in ‘b0’ are introduced into a population containing only species 1 mosquitoes homozygous in ‘a0’ 200 days after simulation starts. (A) When no introgression occurs, and each species has equal habitat to procreate. (B) Hybrid mosquitoes heterozygous in ‘a0’ and ‘b0’ have a 10% lower mortality rate than species 1 or species 2 mosquitoes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-representative-genomes-of-cohorts-or-individual-36nx3fdb.png Fig 1. Representative genomes of cohorts or individual mosquitoes within EMOD. The model supports the inheritance of traits from parents (a), random mutations of alleles (b), and definitions of phenotypic traits associated with a combination of genes or alleles, that are expressed only when those combinations are present (c). Inheritance of genes is modeled as a Mendelian process, and combinations of alleles can be mapped to combinations of traits via a many-to-many mapping. https://scispace.com/papers/vector-control-of-an-open-ended-winding-induction-machine-4kay0jjqb0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-system-parameters-1rtwbjb6.png Table V: System parameters https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-zero-sequence-voltage-contributions-from-different-g4yxhubn.png Table II: Zero sequence voltage contributions from different space vector combinations https://scispace.com/figures/table-iv-mapping-of-zero-vectors-2kh5icok.png Table IV: Mapping of zero vectors https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-sets-of-active-vectors-which-do-not-produce-zero-21tva7cs.png Table III: Sets of active vectors which do not produce zero sequence voltage https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-input-rectifier-voltage-and-current-top-and-zero-33da86e4.png Fig. 13: Input rectifier voltage and current (top) and zero sequence voltage (bottom) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-standard-switching-sequence-for-imcs-1zafiv37.png Fig. 5: Standard switching sequence for IMCs https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-feedforward-vector-control-scheme-of-induction-machine-23xds6d6.png Fig. 6: Feedforward vector control scheme of induction machine https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-q-axis-current-step-change-a-motor-q-axis-current-top-1sig23n0.png Fig. 11: q-axis current step change. a) Motor q-axis current (top) and d-axis current (bottom). b) Motor currents (top) and phase voltage (bottom) https://scispace.com/papers/vector-manipulation-by-a-semi-persistent-plant-virus-through-kgfemofffn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-repeated-g-tests-of-goodness-of-fit-for-each-8kix6d8r.png Table 1. Repeated G-tests of goodness-of-fit for each evaluation time for a free-choice test 262 with adults of Trialeurodes vaporariorum with no previous contact with PYVV. The G-263 value presented is the summed value of independent repetitions for each time. Degrees of 264 freedom (DF) differ among times because the trials with no responses were removed from 265 the analysis (N = 30). 266 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-repeated-g-tests-of-goodness-of-fit-for-each-19dp8z1t.png Table 2. Repeated G-tests of goodness-of-fit for each evaluation time for a free-choice test 274 with adults of Trialeurodes vaporariorum with previous contact with PYVV. The G-value 275 presented is the summed value of independent repetitions for each time. Degrees of 276 freedom (DF) differ among times because the trials with no responses were removed from 277 the analysis (N = 30). 278 https://scispace.com/papers/vector-processing-as-a-soft-core-cpu-accelerator-12n49gl2u7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-8-tap-fir-filter-mips-assembly-2si0xrwy.png Figure 1: 8-tap FIR filter MIPS assembly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-scalar-and-vector-core-interaction-3vnrawa2.png Figure 3: Scalar and vector core interaction https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-motion-estimation-c-code-2rvj3uf8.png Figure 5: Motion estimation C code https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-5x-5-median-filter-c-code-1icabr8l.png Figure 8: 5× 5 median filter C code https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-motion-estimation-vector-assembly-2vpbt0ts.png Figure 6: Motion estimation vector assembly https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-vectorizing-the-image-median-filter-3c7uofig.png Figure 7: Vectorizing the image median filter https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-median-filter-inner-loop-vector-assembly-m3uiug58.png Figure 9: Median filter inner loop vector assembly https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-vector-instruction-cycle-model-21m3if89.png Table 2: Vector instruction cycle model https://scispace.com/papers/vehicle-trajectory-prediction-based-on-hidden-markov-model-4nupkxb6k9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-trajectory-prediction-and-route-recommendation-system-13evloxg.png Fig. 3. Trajectory prediction and route recommendation system framework based on HMM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-the-process-of-vehicle-trajectory-prediction-based-on-36nq1odk.png Fig. 5. The process of vehicle trajectory prediction based on HMM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-the-count-of-observed-state-jo-occurring-along-with-1itlzge1.png Table 4. The count of observed state jO occurring along with hidden state iS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-prediction-time-comparison-among-dhmtp-tpmo-and-naive-hen1jbxw.png Fig. 8. Prediction time comparison among DHMTP, TPMO and Naive https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-prediction-accuracy-comparison-among-different-1qxba43b.png Fig. 7. Prediction accuracy comparison among different training sets https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-emerging-frequency-of-every-hidden-state-3i75bugp.png Table 2. The emerging frequency of every hidden state https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-count-of-the-hidden-state-is-appearing-after-1is-mwno0tor.png Table 3. The count of the hidden state iS appearing after 1iS https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-state-transition-diagram-390ubt05.png Fig. 4. State transition diagram https://scispace.com/papers/verifying-for-compliance-to-data-constraints-in-22f7hcjo8q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-exemplified-log-showing-events-activities-1lc29xpf.png Table 2. Exemplified log showing events, activities, constraints and process instances https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-process-activities-and-role-assignments-2ml7wfch.png Table 1. Process activities and role assignments https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-constant-expression-in-dl-11c362d4.png Table 3. Data Constant Expression in DL https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-task-and-data-assignment-attributes-1f4van8p.png Fig. 2 Task and data assignment attributes https://scispace.com/papers/verifying-a-plaftorm-for-digital-imaging-a-multi-tool-2mia1cx0np 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-portion-of-the-index-of-math-content-seen-in-figure-1-151lph3i.png Fig. 7. Portion of the index of math content seen in Figure 1, with line-breaks massaged for readability. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mathml-representation-of-the-same-piece-of-mathematics-2gi50ota.png Fig. 4. MathML representation of the same piece of mathematics: ( 4 3πR 3 ) , used to create the PDF portion shown in Figure 3. White-space has been massaged for display purposes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-portion-of-the-pdf-page-stream-contents-for-a-piece-of-111qa0re.png Fig. 3. Portion of the PDF page-stream contents for a piece of inline mathematics: ( 4 3πR 3 ) . White-space, as line-ends, has been massaged for convenience of display. The ‘Accessible Text’ as read by a screen reader is visible in the /Alt attributes. This combines to produce ‘ : open bracket: four thirds times pi capital R cubed, close bracket: ’, with each ‘:’ character inducing a slight pause. Font characters are accompanied by /ActualText replacements which allow copy/paste to provide correct Unicode points. Brackets must be tagged as /Artifact since they do not correspond to tagged content within the MathML description (see Figure 4); words to be read are shifted to the nearest enclosed content. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-output-from-texmmljoin-merging-tex-source-with-the-36ry8ss9.png Fig. 5. Output from texmmljoin merging TEX source with the MathML content from Figure 4. The original LATEX source can be read down the left-hand edge, as \left (\frac 43 \pi R^3 \right ). The lower portion builds the structure tree, using tag indices which are interpreted relative to an offset. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-view-of-the-tags-tree-as-seen-in-acrobat-pro-xi-for-a-1lniigg6.png Fig. 1. View of the ‘Tags’ tree as seen in Acrobat Pro XI, for a typical document containing mathematical content, indicating some aspects particularly relevant to Accessibility considerations. Light blue boxes in the main viewing panel indicate separately tagged portions of content. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-portion-of-the-pdf-structure-tree-for-a-piece-of-1u2glm8z.png Fig. 6. Portion of the PDF structure tree for a piece of inline mathematics with MathML tagging as in Figure 4, corresponding to the bottom output lines from texmmljoin as shown in Figure 5. White-space has been massaged for convenience of display. Each structure node is represented as a PDF dictionary object with keys for the ‘/Type’, structure-type ‘/S’, any attributes ‘/A’, parent ‘/P’, page reference ‘/Pg’ and ‘/Kids’ array. The latter contains either the ‘/MCID’ numbers for the leaf-node ‘marked content’, as seen in Figure 3, and/or object-references for any sibling structure-nodes, listed in order within the structure tree. The root-node of this portion of the structure tree is a ‘/Formula’, whose parent is the surrounding paragraph. This has an index ‘/ID’ and title ‘/T’ which can be used by PDF browser clients for lists of the structure, and extra non-standard tags ‘/TeX’ and ‘/MathML’ giving the local names of the files which were used to produce the merged content of Figure 5. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-interleaving-of-structure-and-content-tagging-within-a-3pcjilgf.png Fig. 2. Interleaving of structure and content tagging within a 2-page PDF document, structured as a heading and two paragraphs. (based on an example in [1]). Picture reproduced with permission from [5]. https://scispace.com/papers/verifying-opacity-of-a-transactional-mutex-lock-4iig9jt2yf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-atomic-specification-of-an-stm-2xkqdrkh.png Fig. 2. Atomic specification of an STM https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-transactional-mutex-lock-tml-3nauqnbi.png Fig. 1. The Transactional Mutex Lock (TML) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-run-events-abstracting-matching-invocation-return-31lelfcy.png Table 2. Run events abstracting matching invocation/return pairs https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-events-appearing-in-the-histories-of-tml-2i8s9zk4.png Table 1. Events appearing in the histories of TML https://scispace.com/papers/versatile-hydrogels-an-efficient-way-to-clean-paper-artworks-om3wux308l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-removal-of-acidic-components-from-samples-taken-from-aaeu9hsl.png Table 1 Removal of acidic components from samples taken from the volume “Theatrum Veritatis and Justitiae” – Venezia, 1735 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-uv-vis-absorbance-spectra-of-the-soluble-starch-iodine-3hj0i9wr.png Fig. 2 UV-Vis absorbance spectra of the soluble starch–iodine complex as a function of PEO hydrogel application time. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-ftir-atr-spectra-of-paper-samples-paper-after-um30v6u7.png Fig. 1 FTIR-ATR spectra of paper samples. Paper after contamination (red line), samples contaminated and afterwards treatedwith PEO hydrogel (black line), PLU hydrogel (green line) and water (blue line). The graphs report data obtained on samples contaminated with fresh linseed oil (A) and aged linseed oil (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-ftir-atr-spectra-of-a-paper-continuous-15mxvyoc.png Fig. 3 Comparison of FTIR-ATR spectra of (A) paper (continuous line) and paper coated with starch paste (dashed line); (B) paper coated with starch paste cleaned using water bath (dashed line) or not (continuous line); (C) paper coated with starch paste cleaned with PLU hydrogel (dashed line) or PEO hydrogel (continuous line); (D) paper (dashed line) and paper coated with starch paste and cleaned with PEO hydrogel (dashed line). https://scispace.com/papers/very-happy-is-not-always-equally-happy-36xzdkqkx2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-16iz1q6f.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-numerical-interpretation-of-verbal-scales-on-62abof5h.png Figure 4 Numerical interpretation of verbal scales on happiness and life satisfaction (continued 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-numerical-interpretation-of-verbal-scales-on-1kdesqhc.png Figure 5 Numerical interpretation of verbal scales on happiness and life satisfaction (continued 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-effect-of-labelling-the-extremes-on-the-343vjcqk.png Figure 6 The effect of labelling the extremes on the interpretation of response options https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-comparison-of-the-interpretation-of-verbal-response-2ds3hz51.png Figure 2 Comparison of the interpretation of verbal response scales by Dutch judges https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-percentage-of-extreme-response-options-to-which-a-1mori078.png Figure 7 Percentage of extreme response options to which a zero-width interval has been assigned https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-numerical-interpretation-of-verbal-scales-on-2y1oyq5y.png Figure 3 Numerical interpretation of verbal scales on happiness and life satisfaction https://scispace.com/papers/vertical-perturbations-of-human-gait-organisation-and-2fhgebx7o3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-set-up-a-lokolift-system-hocoma-ag-271lb42s.png Fig. 1 Experimental set-up. a Lokolift System (Hocoma AG, Volketswil, Switzerland) used to unload subjects and to change body weight support during walking on a treadmill. Closed loop control is achieved by a force sensor measuring the actual patient’s body weight support. b Schematic drawing of the conditions applied to the subjects. Subjects started to walk with 25% body weight support (base level). From this level, the subjects were either loaded to 5% (LP) or unloaded to 45% (UP) of body weight support at left mid-stance. c Analysis of steps after a perturbation. Leg muscle EMG analysis was done for the three steps following the unloading perturbation step. hs heel strike left https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-leg-muscle-emg-responses-to-perturbations-a-median-emg-13wy69u8.png Fig. 2 Leg muscle EMG responses to perturbations. a Median EMG responses of the left soleus (SOL) and the right tibialis anterior (TAR) during loading perturbations (25 to 5% of BWS), unloading perturbations (25 to 45% of BWS) and walking at base level (25% BWS), among all subjects. Perturbations were released at left midstance. t = 0: left heel strike. EMG activity was analysed within a time window of 300 ms after perturbation onset, represented by the two vertical lines. b Individual example of left ankle and knee joint excursions to loading and unloading perturbation (median slopes of multiple measurements). Perturbation responses were analysed within a time window of 300 ms represented by the two vertical lines. c Net EMG responses (perturbed step minus base level step of 25% BWS) within the period of 300 ms after perturbation onset among all tested subjects. t = 0: onset of perturbation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-changes-in-amplitude-of-emg-activity-during-the-course-2oagblek.png Fig. 3 Changes in amplitude of EMG activity during the course of the experiment, i.e. over 36 § 5 changes in load (duration about 20 min). grey loading perturbation LP; black unloading perturbation UP. Muscle activity is plotted as RMS values (calculated within the period of 300 ms after onset of perturbation). Box plots show the median, quartile and min/max of activity among all subjects. The box plot values at the end are presented as a percentage of the values of the Wrst steps (Wrst step = 100%). *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, (*) p = 0.05 https://scispace.com/papers/very-high-efficiency-reactor-vher-concepts-for-electrical-150c0bj76z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-fuel-loading-density-for-the-uhtgr-1d5am7ia.png Table 2. Fuel Loading Density for the UHTGR. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-uhtgr-concept-18-module-configuration-25oomez7.png Figure 4. The UHTGR concept – 18 Module Configuration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-uhtgr-module-concept-helium-gas-cooled-1ckdi7rn.png Figure 3. The UHTGR Module Concept – Helium Gas Cooled. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-vhtgr-helium-gas-cooled-reactor-concept-mzzr2iys.png Figure 2. The VHTGR – Helium Gas Cooled Reactor Concept. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-typical-triso-coated-particle-fuel-composition-1i2lkjy6.png Figure 5. Typical Triso-Coated Particle Fuel Composition, Dimensions, and Density. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-35-dimensions-for-the-uhtgr-module-3c8oj31l.png Figure 35. Dimensions for the UHTGR Module. https://scispace.com/figures/table-15-burnup-results-for-the-uhtgr-using-heavy-water-tade2jhk.png Table 15. Burnup Results for the UHTGR Using Heavy Water Moderator. https://scispace.com/figures/table-14-burnup-results-for-the-uhtgr-using-graphite-2e1w2iw2.png Table 14. Burnup Results for the UHTGR Using Graphite Moderator. https://scispace.com/papers/viability-of-fibroblasts-cultured-under-nutritional-stress-1deei5ako7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-phototherapy-devices-used-in-the-study-a-low-intensity-2in6t8tw.png Fig. 1 Phototherapy devices used in the study. (a) Low-intensity laser device (Twinflex II, MMOptics, São Carlos, SP, Brazil); (b) LED prototype (CePOF/IFSC/USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-lysosomal-activity-analysis-acquired-after-performing-1gdnj9q8.png Fig. 3 Lysosomal activity analysis acquired after performing neutral red assays. (a) Box-plots comparing data obtained by the uptake of neutral red by the intervention groups. (b) Box-plots comparing data obtained by the uptake of neutral red by the exposure time. (c) Box-plots comparing data obtained by the uptake of neutral red by the experimental period. (d) Interaction between the means obtained by neutral red uptake for the intervention group and for the experimental periods (24, 48, and 72 h). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mitochondrial-activity-analysis-acquired-after-1s5xm8xf.png Fig. 2 Mitochondrial activity analysis acquired after performing MTT reduction. (a) Box-plots comparing data obtained by MTT reduction by intervention groups. (b) Box-plots comparing data obtained by MTT reduction by exposure time. (c) Box-plots comparing data obtained by MTT reduction by experimental period. (d) Interaction between the means obtained by the MTT reduction for the intervention groups and for the experimental periods (24 and 72 h). https://scispace.com/papers/vibration-training-for-upper-body-transmission-of-platform-4ghuvwz09d 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-8mw4ka5l.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-peak-acceleration-and-peak-to-peak-amplitude-2832smqe.png Table 1. Peak acceleration and peak-to-peak amplitude delivered by the platform. https://scispace.com/papers/vibrations-induced-by-hst-passage-on-ballast-and-non-ballast-4p3xebt856 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-track-and-free-field-displacements-due-to-a-single-11n2vu6c.png Figure 6: Track and free field displacements due to a single axle travelling at v = 250 km/h for: (a) ballast track, (b) unisolated slab track and (c) isolated slab track. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-track-and-free-field-displacements-due-to-a-single-2itbzr6u.png Figure 7: Track and free field displacements due to a single axle travelling at v = 280 km/h for: (a) ballast track, (b) unisolated slab track and (c) isolated slab track. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-one-third-octave-band-spectra-of-the-vertical-1mt7cppy.png Figure 14: One–third octave band spectra of the vertical velocity at the sleeper for train speeds of v = 250 km/h (a-c), v = 280 km/h (d-f) and v = 315 km/h (g-i), travelling on ballast track (a, d, g), slab track (b, e, h) and floating slab track (c, f, i). The quasi-static contribution (grey line) is superimposed to the total contribution (black line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-frequency-content-of-the-vertical-velocity-at-the-1er6m6nu.png Figure 13: Frequency content of the vertical velocity at the sleeper for train speeds of v = 250 km/h (a-c), v = 280 km/h (d-f) and v = 315 km/h (g-i), travelling on ballast track (a, d, g), slab track (b, e, h) and floating slab track (c, f, i). The quasi-static contribution (grey line) is superimposed to the total contribution (black line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vehicle-and-track-model-at-a-time-step-n-and-b-time-2jx39oyi.png Figure 2: Vehicle and track model at: (a) time step n and (b) time step n + 1. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-geometrical-and-mass-characteristics-of-the-hst-2yowqd6e.png Table 1: Geometrical and mass characteristics of the HST. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-receptance-of-the-rail-solid-line-the-sleeper-1bbwl9su.png Figure 4: Receptance of the rail (solid line), the sleeper (dotted line) and the track-soil interface (dashed-dotted line) for: (a) ballast track, (b) slab track and (c) floating slab track. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-configuration-of-the-hst-1bh9aqqd.png Figure 5: Configuration of the HST. https://scispace.com/papers/video-based-analysis-of-the-transition-from-slipping-to-2zt89jmdog 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-free-body-diagram-and-definition-of-the-coordinate-2qcyv39u.png Figure 4. Free body diagram and definition of the coordinate system employed. When the wheel was placed in contact with the floor its angular velocity was ωo; at this point in time, the centre of mass of the wheel started to move along a straight line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-screenshot-of-tracker-interface-showing-the-time-3hdtwdqb.png Figure 3. Screenshot of Tracker interface showing the time evolution of the angular velocity (in rad/s) and the parameters obtained by linear fitting over the first time interval. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-screenshot-of-tracker-interface-showing-the-time-1xx5a2zj.png Figure 2. Screenshot of Tracker interface showing the time evolution of the velocity of the centre of mass (velocity in m/s and time in s) and the results of linear fitting over the interval in which the wheel moved with constant acceleration. On moving the mouse over the values obtained by linear fitting, a pop-up window showing the corresponding standard error is displayed. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-set-up-a-rotating-wheel-was-placed-in-246uz9dl.png Figure 1. Experimental set-up: A rotating wheel was placed in contact with the floor. The centre of mass and a point located on the wheel rim were tracked and the displacement versus time data were analysed using https://scispace.com/papers/vibrational-excitation-of-methylamine-by-electron-impact-in-4d5hyopstm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-absolute-vibrational-differential-cross-section-vs-the-3nmhz41d.png FIG. 8. Absolute vibrational differential cross section vs the scattering angle at 15 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-absolute-elastic-differential-cross-section-vs-the-2euqtmme.png FIG. 7. Absolute elastic differential cross section vs the scattering angle at 30 eV. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-various-sources-of-errors-that-contribute-to-the-ohjzqrcd.png TABLE III. Various sources of errors that contribute to the total error in the measurement of the ratio DCS(CH3NH2,fJ)IDCS(N2,fJ). https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-absolute-differential-cross-sections-of-the-various-2xegjzj1.png TABLE V. Absolute differential cross sections of the various groups of vibrational modes of CH3NH2 at 30 eV impact energy as a function of the scattering angle. Units are 10- 19 cm2jsr. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-symmetries-natures-of-modes-wave-numbers-in-em-i-4rhhl6is.png TABLE I. Symmetries, natures of modes, wave numbers (in em-I), energies (in meY), and relative intensities in infrared and Raman spectroscopies for the fundamental vibrations of the methylamine molecule (Refs. 42-44)." https://scispace.com/papers/vibroacoustic-optimization-of-anti-tetrachiral-and-auxetic-19q0fcjxy5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-full-scale-sandwich-panel-with-anti-tetrachiral-18knws5g.png Figure 4. Full scale sandwich panel with anti-tetrachiral auxetic core https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-root-mean-square-of-the-radiated-sound-power-level-1xs8bm2f.png Figure 8. Root mean square of the radiated sound power level with respect to ATG thickness, with constant cell radius of 4 mm https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-optimization-results-for-atg-model-under-loading-1un6f14m.png Table 3. Optimization results for ATG model under loading cases “a” and “b” after 50 iterations with fixed thickness of plate https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-theoretical-and-finite-element-model-values-for-xe-1lbwdzgb.png Table 6. Theoretical and finite element model values for xE of auxetic hexagonal core https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-a-shows-a-gradient-hexagonal-cellular-2it072q6.png Figure 12.a shows a gradient hexagonal cellular configuration along the x direction. The https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-the-fem-sample-of-a-homogenized-auxetic-sandwich-2gmf06i1.png Figure 5. The FEM sample of a homogenized auxetic sandwich panel with SHELL63 elements for its skins and two SOLID45 elements per gauge thickness in its core https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-variation-of-radiated-sound-power-level-with-1jpvxdiw.png Figure 7. Variation of radiated sound power level with respect to Gxy for the ATG sandwich panel https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-reduction-of-normalized-radiated-sound-power-for-atg-95serywh.png Table 4. Reduction of normalized radiated sound power for ATG model https://scispace.com/papers/video-block-motion-estimation-based-on-gray-code-kernels-3sxszy0ke8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-adaptive-fme-gck-results-for-a-concatenation-of-the-2nazou4o.png Fig. 14. Adaptive FME-GCK results for a concatenation of the six QCIF (left) and six CIF (right) video sequences listed in Table II. Different time-accuracy tradeoffs are produced according to threshold selection. For the same computational complexity, adaptive FME-GCK outperforms diamond search. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-projection-of-onto-vector-produces-a-lower-bound-on-2fp50tr5.png Fig. 1. Projection of onto vector produces a lower bound on distance . https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-video-sequences-used-for-simulation-experiments-for-35t3r205.png TABLE II VIDEO SEQUENCES USED FOR SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS. FOR EACH RESOLUTION, VIDEO SEQUENCES ARE SORTED BY ASCENDING ORDER OF ESTIMATED CODING DIFFICULTY https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-comparison-of-algorithm-complexity-for-macroblocks-26t59jio.png TABLE I COMPARISON OF ALGORITHM COMPLEXITY FOR MACROBLOCKS OF SIZE 16 16 AND SEARCH AREA OF SIZE 15 15. FME-GCK COMPLEXITY DEPENDS ON , THE NUMBER OF PROJECTIONS AND , THE NUMBER OF CANDIDATE MACROBLOCKS FOR WHICH THE SAD VALUE IS CALCULATED https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-fme-gck-algorithm-2eys7oqt.png Fig. 8. FME-GCK algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-distortion-when-using-fme-gck-with-and-different-3miu0ca1.png Fig. 11. Distortion when using FME-GCK with and different values of . Results are for the Akiyo and Stefan video sequences in CIF resolution. Akiyo is easy-to-code while Stefan is difficult-to-code. For both sequences, larger values of (more projections) result in smaller distortion, but the expected improvement in coding efficiency is substantially larger for Stefan compared to Akiyo. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-change-in-distortion-when-transitioning-from-t1cihpj6.png Fig. 12. Change in distortion when transitioning from projections to projections with constant . Results are for different video sequences in CIF resolution. More difficult-to-code video sequences result in larger change in distortion. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-coding-difficulty-can-be-evaluated-using-run-time-sad-u49qxk55.png Fig. 13. Coding difficulty can be evaluated using run-time SAD. Mean SAD values using FME-GCK of sequences of varying coding difficulty are displayed versus mean full-search SAD values. Plots shown are for 2, 3, 4 and https://scispace.com/papers/video-data-mining-rhythms-in-a-movie-1o2a1g39i0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-our-rhythmic-model-of-characters-actions-and-o7lfwo07.png Figure 3. Our rhythmic model of character’s actions and surrounding responses https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-several-shots-from-alfred-hitchcocks-movie-psycho-9h71ryrx.png Figure 2. Several shots from Alfred Hitchcock’s movie PSYCHO https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-examples-of-discrete-and-continuous-streams-3pvf161h.png Figure 1. Examples of discrete and continuous streams https://scispace.com/papers/video-de-interlacing-by-adaptive-4-field-global-local-motion-12ghkdd5yl 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-psnr-comparison-26sfzy1f.png TABLE II PSNR COMPARISON https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-block-matching-by-me-method-bcc8be4p.png Fig. 4. Block matching by ME method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-feathering-effect-appears-while-directly-merging-two-1bfyqb8y.png Fig. 1. Feathering effect appears while directly merging two fields in the motion area. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-interlaced-pixel-distortion-classification-53fbn5jb.png Fig. 10. Interlaced pixel distortion classification. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-video-sequence-table-tennis-cif-30-fps-a-original-2rs3ypnb.png Fig. 19. Video sequence “Table Tennis” CIF 30 FPS. (a) Original frame. (b) Directly merged frame. (c) MA method. (d) Local MC method. (e) Proposed adaptive GMC/MC method. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-block-diagram-of-ma-de-interlacing-s0dsrrxu.png Fig. 3. Block diagram of MA de-interlacing. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-edge-directional-interpolation-2hxuzx1x.png Fig. 2. Edge directional interpolation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-4-field-motion-detection-3vvp2uhl.png Fig. 11. The 4–field motion detection. https://scispace.com/papers/viewpoint-independent-human-motion-analysis-in-man-made-506z4ek81z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-block-diagram-of-the-proposed-system-1cyvy1d6.png Figure 5: Block diagram of the proposed system. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-video-surveillance-a-and-modo-database-b-images-18ws7wkg.png Figure 1: Video-surveillance (a) and Modo database (b) images. Camera positions and gaze directions (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-vertical-vanishing-point-and-horizontal-vanishing-rpghep1p.png Figure 2: (a) Vertical vanishing point and horizontal vanishing line estimation in a Mobo’s image. (b) Horizontal vanishing point localization thanks to direction of motion (or orthogonal) and ground vanishing line. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-original-input-image-leftbagpickedup0385-b-3pvyd9vz.png Figure 6: (a) Original input image LeftBagPickedUp0385. (b) Undistorted image Iundistorted with direction of motion. (c) Ground plane with trajectory and direction of motion. (d) Shape&Skeleton plotted on Iundistorted. (e) Iextracted. (f) Iprojected. (g, h, i) Blob reconstruction. Shape & Skeleton drawn on Iprojected (j), in frontal view (k), in original image plane (l) and drawn on Iextracted (m). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-original-and-transformed-images-for-frontal-a-rear-2tbic1mo.png Figure 3: Original and transformed images for frontal (a), “rear-diagonal” (b) and diagonal (c) training views. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-numerical-results-obtained-with-walk1-walk2-and-1jms5xul.png Figure 8: Numerical results obtained with Walk1, Walk2 and Walk3 sequences. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-walk3-sequence-from-frame-30500-to-frame-30644-2qli24by.png Figure 7: Walk3 sequence from frame 30500 to frame 30644: original image with trajectory (a), frontoparallel model application in the first phase (b) and fronto-orthogonal model application in the second phase (c). In (b) and (c), 1st line correspond to Iextracted, 2nd line to Iprojected. 3rd line represents both Shape & Skeleton drawn on Iprojected and 4th line shows both Shape & Skeleton drawn in original image plane. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gaussian-mixture-model-projected-on-the-two-first-1b28zovq.png Figure 4: Gaussian mixture model projected on the two first components of the PCA (a) and first mode of variation of the 8 local models of the mixture in the “fronto-parallel” case. https://scispace.com/papers/viralflow-an-automated-workflow-for-sars-cov-2-genome-3badnpeetp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1pq62fh7.png Table 1. https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-carbon-and-water-flows-embodied-in-global-fashion-16hzm1bn09 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-carbon-and-water-footprints-for-denim-products-in-3oilirog.png Fig. 2. Carbon and water footprints for denim products in different fabrics and spatial distribution. ASEAN denotes Association of South-East Asian Nations Aggregation, EU 15 means European Union Aggregation. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-sensitivity-analysis-of-polyester-fiber-content-of-2833whit.png Fig. 7. Sensitivity analysis of polyester fiber content of denim on carbon and water footprints. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-embodied-carbon-flows-in-denim-trade-by-country-region-148hn8ip.png Fig. 3. Embodied carbon flows in denim trade by country/region (Mt CO2e). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-carbon-emission-and-water-embodied-in-denim-trade-and-1ottmfdq.png Fig. 6. Carbon emission and water embodied in denim trade and human development level of trading country/region. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-a-summary-of-environmental-issues-of-clothing-3spp1dd1.png Table 1 A summary of environmental issues of clothing consumption. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-virtual-water-flows-in-cotton-denim-trade-by-country-32xbaubc.png Fig. 4. Virtual water flows in cotton denim trade by country/region (M m3). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-virtual-water-flows-in-blends-denim-trade-by-country-bbqu9906.png Fig. 5. Virtual water flows in blends denim trade by country/region (Mm3). https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-exploration-of-safe-entry-zones-in-the-brainstem-57s9bde0wm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-three-dimensional-model-snapshots-of-safe-entry-2pqcb4tx.png Figure 2. Three-dimensional model snapshots of safe entry zones (SEZs) to the midbrain; the 590 SEZs are shown as green-shaded areas. A, Approach trajectory to the anterior mesencephalic 591 zone (between the PCA and SCA) is indicated by the green arrow. B, Lateral medullary sulcus 592 (LMS). Note that the LMS is continuous inferiorly with the interpeduncular sulcus (IPS) between 593 the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) and the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP). C, Dashed 594 lines show the SEZ in the pericollicular area in the tectal region. 1, supracollicular zone; 2, 595 infracollicular zone; 3, intercollicular zone; CN, cranial nerve; IC, inferior colliculus; PCA, 596 posterior cerebral artery; PCoA, posterior communicating artery; PMS, pontomesencephalic 597 sulcus; SC, superior colliculus; SCA, superior cerebellar artery. With permission from The 598 Neurosurgical Atlas by Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD. 599 600 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-of-safe-entry-zones-to-the-brainstem-and-3ev7ghjk.png Table 1. Summary of safe entry zones to the brainstem and surgical approaches used to access 667 them 668 669 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-three-dimensional-model-snapshots-of-safe-entry-gll77t6p.png Figure 3. Three-dimensional model snapshots of safe entry zones (SEZs) to the pons. A, 606 Peritrigeminal zone (PTZ), located just anteromedial to a line connecting the root entry/exit zone 607 (REZs) of cranial nerves (CNs) V and VII through VIII. B, Supratrigeminal zone (STZ), located 608 just superolateral to the REZ of CN V, with the approach trajectory almost tangential to the 609 surface parallel to superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) fibers (red arrow). C, Lateral trigeminal 610 zone (LPZ), located just lateral to the line connecting the REZs of CNs V and VII through VIII. 611 The approach trajectory is shown with a red arrow. D, Dorsal pontine SEZ with the fourth 612 ventricle unroofed to facilitate visualization of the floor. The blue arrow shows the directionality 613 of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. AA, area acoustica; AICA, anterior inferior cerebellar 614 artery; BA, basilar artery; FC, facial colliculus; FP, floccular peduncle; HT, hypoglossal triangle; 615 ICP, inferior cerebellar peduncle; IFZ, infrafacial zone; MCP, middle cerebellar peduncle; PCA, 616 posterior cerebral artery; SCA, superior cerebellar artery; SFT, superior fovea triangle; SFZ, 617 suprafacial zone; VT, vagal triangle. With permission from The Neurosurgical Atlas by Aaron 618 Cohen-Gadol, MD. 619 620 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-artists-illustration-of-the-most-commonly-used-safe-2g9izruk.png Figure 1. Artist’s illustration of the most commonly used safe entry zones to intrinsic brainstem 584 lesions. With permission from The Neurosurgical Atlas by Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD. 585 586 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-three-dimensional-model-snapshots-of-safe-entry-3mp8lwye.png Figure 4. Three-dimensional model snapshots of safe entry zones (SEZs) to the medulla. A, 626 Right ventrolateral perspective of the lower brainstem showing the following ventral and lateral 627 SEZs of the medulla: olivary zone (OZ), anterolateral sulcus (ALS), and posterolateral sulcus 628 (PLS). Note that the preolivary sulcus (POS) is continuous with the ALS inferiorly. The PLS is a 629 few millimeters anterior to the root entry/exit zone of cranial nerves (CNs) IX and X. B, Right 630 dorsolateral perspective of the medulla showing the lateral medullary zone (LMZ), posterior 631 median sulcus (PMS), and posterior intermediate zone (PIS). CT, cuneate tubercle; GT, gracile 632 tubercle; HT, hypoglossal triangle; ICP, inferior cerebellar peduncle; OZ, olivary zone; Py, 633 pyramid; SOF, supraolivary fossette; VT, vagal triangle. With permission from The 634 Neurosurgical Atlas by Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD. 635 636 https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-laboratories-for-training-in-industrial-robotics-jwcqj9nrj4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-interfaz-de-usuario-a-menu-status-b-menll-mass-c-menli-3fyrinuk.png Fig. 8. Interfaz de usuario. (a) MenU Status. (b) Menll Mass. (c) Menli Motor. (d) Menu PID. (e) Menu Kin. App. https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-synchronization-technique-with-os-modeling-for-fast-25nyfh2pzd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-execution-time-error-from-the-proposed-approach-for-7wdoc84l.png Table 4. Execution time error from the proposed approach for eCOS and uCOS-ii with cache enabled (time unit: cycles) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-execution-time-error-from-the-proposed-approach-for-13go4mfh.png Table 3. Execution time error from the proposed approach for eCOS and uCOS-ii with cache disabled (time unit: cycles) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-a-simple-cosimulation-example-b-cosimulation-3mnmas9q.png Figure 1. (a) A simple cosimulation example, (b) cosimulation scenario of a conservative approach, (c) that of the virtual synchronization approach. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-cosimulation-wrapper-is-inserted-for-virtual-4a5fn58c.png Figure 2. Cosimulation wrapper is inserted for virtual synchronization to translate the time stamps of the input and the output events. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-executing-multiple-tasks-on-a-simulator-g-723-2vp7l7xv.png Figure 3. Executing multiple tasks on a simulator: G.723 decoder has higher priority than H.263 decoder. (a) Correct execution scenario, and (b) execution scenarios with virtual synchronization of the previous section. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-task-execution-order-a-in-reality-and-b-in-the-387rzk98.png Figure 4. Task execution order (a) in reality and (b) in the proposed approach before time adjustment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-timing-constraints-of-the-example-task-group-1tick-31gmsl3v.png Table 1. Timing constraints of the example task group; 1tick is 368,640 cycles (=10ms) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-improvement-due-to-os-modeling-2o2smyqr.png Table 2. Performance improvement due to OS modeling https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-screening-of-inhibitors-against-spike-glycoprotein-djkvw38zjw 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-binding-poses-of-compounds-listed-in-table-1-a-20322aca.png Figure 3. Binding poses of compounds listed in table 1, a. digitoxin (0), b-d. zorubicin (0,1,5), e-f. Rolitetracycline (0.1), g. Aclarubicin (0), h-i. E115 (0.1) j-l. cefoperazone. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-ligand-binding-site-hprbd-white-color-dotted-circle-4039clig.png Figure 1- Ligand binding site (hpRBD, white color dotted circle) on the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) used for virtual screening. a. Homology model of RBD (RBD-HM, template- 2AJF). b. Cryo EM structure of RBD at 2.9 Å resolution (6m17). Red color resides are the previously identified key binding residues [11,15]. Magenta color residues are the resides that form polar RBD-ACE-2 interactions observable in 6m17. Red dotted circle shows the open hydrophobic pocket of BRD-HM which is closed in 6m17. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-compounds-that-bind-binding-energy-6-5-kcal-mol-and-1r0e2l7z.png Table 1. Compounds that bind (binding energy ≤ -6.5 kcal/mol) and position within the ligand binding site (RBDhp). BE = binding energy (pose number is given in brackets), HB = hydrogen bonding. HP = Hydrophobic interaction, ΠS = phi-phi stacking. Lengths of hydrogen bonds are given as donor -acceptor distance (>3.5 Å bonds are shown in gray color). Common names were retrieved from without considering chiral nature. https://scispace.com/papers/virtual-space-level-shifting-and-correlation-energies-24dmklom79 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-first-and-second-derivative-of-the-correlation-uj64umb4.png TABLE II First and second derivative of the correlation energies at the gap G = 0, from coupled cluster (calculations, for different densities given as 1/3( ) )r = 3 / 4pr , in atomic units.s https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-for-applications-it-is-useful-to-possess-an-analytic-2vcz7vm3.png Table I. For applications, it is useful to possess an analytic fit. We used for that purpose a rational function https://scispace.com/papers/visible-light-promoted-photocatalytic-water-oxidation-effect-45zq26acbe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-images-of-rinsed-reaction-flask-following-3bw81r8k.png Fig. 4 Images of rinsed reaction flask following photocatalytic water oxidation using illumination of (a) 50 s cyclic; (b) 5 mW cm 2 blue (lmax 455 nm) and (c) 5mWcm 2 l 400–540 nm. A thinner layer of insoluble decomposed [Ru(bpy)3] 2+ was obtained with cyclic illumination, whereas saturation of the absorption region resulted in apparent elevated decomposition. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-graph-of-rgb-led-light-emissions-generated-in-cyclic-3lfoh9ow.png Fig. 1 Graph of RGB led light emissions generated in cyclic colour mode. The blue output was used for continuous light reactions. Yellow/orange through to red light lies at the upper edge or outside the absorption region of [Ru(bpy)3] 2+. Inset shows absorption spectrum of [Ru(bpy)3] 2+. https://scispace.com/papers/visible-spectrum-gaze-tracking-for-sports-4bmjufu416 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-on-the-original-method-the-eye-model-does-not-359dt5h8.png Figure 4. On the original method, the eye model does not change after calibration, which causes errors if the eye position changes with regards to the wearable device. Top: Initial image used for calibration and corresponding “unwrapped” eye surface image. Bottom: The user’s eye moved in the image which causes the 3D model to sample the eye surface image incorrectly (note the distortion on the “unwrapped” eye surface image on the right.) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-left-original-eye-images-i-u-v-with-the-3d-model-1bt336ai.png Figure 3. Left: original eye images I (u, v) with the 3D model superimposed. Right: “unwrapped” image I (θ, φ), which is a planar representation of the eye surface. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-although-the-eye-can-move-significantly-with-1tmj8l27.png Figure 5. Although the eye can move significantly with regards to the camera (see Figure 4,) the type of distortions is constrained by the geometry of the wearable device. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-proposed-method-can-accurately-track-the-users-2rgl3ulc.png Figure 8. The proposed method can accurately track the user’s eyeball and is robust to movements of the wearer’s head with relation to the eye camera. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-comparison-of-similarity-measures-left-percentage-3ah7j573.png Figure 6. Comparison of similarity measures. Left: Percentage of correct eye corner detections (defined as a detections where the distance from the ground truth is less than 5% of the eye radius) as a function of the template size (as a percentage of the eye radius.) Right: Time to compute the template detection also as a function of the template size. https://scispace.com/papers/vision-based-grasp-tracking-for-planar-objects-323r2f3a9z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-rrp-coordinates-of-contour-points-1qmgko71.png Fig. 4. RRP coordinates of contour points. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-four-step-use-of-a-homography-for-the-transfer-of-16dibvuo.png Fig. 9. Four-step use of a homography for the transfer of grasp points. https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-grasp-transfer-based-on-a-homography-2bgkk4s5.png TABLE V GRASP TRANSFER BASED ON A HOMOGRAPHY https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-grasp-based-positioning-movement-12knhicw.png Fig. 1. Grasp-based positioning movement. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-some-experimental-setups-for-tracking-a-grasp-2ijpc4ot.png Fig. 2. Some experimental setups for tracking a grasp. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-grasp-description-using-grasp-line-coordinates-60gfrcvz.png Fig. 5. Grasp description using grasp-line coordinates. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-grasp-descriptions-in-rrp-and-grasp-line-coordinates-y26b0aj3.png TABLE I GRASP DESCRIPTIONS IN RRP AND GRASP-LINE COORDINATES https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-grasp-tracking-procedure-1m5olejt.png Fig. 3. Grasp tracking procedure. https://scispace.com/papers/vision-based-3d-surface-motion-capture-for-the-diet-breast-wzikvvz7lu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-experimental-results-3h31qfai.png Fig. 3. Experimental Results https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d-reconstruction-from-computer-simulation-28ffxwx9.png Fig. 1. 3D Reconstruction from computer simulation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-experimental-setup-3hrfunsm.png Fig. 2. Experimental Setup https://scispace.com/papers/visual-dis-confirmation-validating-models-and-hypotheses-4w68dwhteu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-user-interface-of-the-visual-dis-confirmation-tool-22mvsgnr.png Fig. 1. User interface of the Visual (dis)Confirmation tool showing its various components: Dataset upload and selection (1), a text box for hypothesis/expectation entry in natural language (2), a map widget to aid the selection of geographic locations (3), history of prior queries (4), a concept map representing the implied relationship in the entered expectation (5), and a chart area to display the resulting visualization (6). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-a-series-of-confirmatory-visualizations-generated-in-a-9b04p3xf.png Fig. 4. A series of confirmatory visualizations generated in a hypothesisdriven case study. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-typology-of-data-models-representing-commonly-cpu9knv2.png Fig. 3. A typology of data models representing commonly occurring expectation types. Each type of expectation is depicted with a template. Color-coded slots in the templates represent data attributes (purple), geographies (cyan), time periods (green), event sequences (yellow), quantitative data values and trends (blue), and other qualifiers (grey). ‘Optional’ slots are enclosed in square brackets. The typology categorizes the most common data expectations people tend to externalize in visual. analytics [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-pipeline-for-visual-hypothesis-validation-data-1rv3rogq.png Fig. 2. A pipeline for visual hypothesis validation. Data expectations, specified in natural language, are first translated to concept maps (steps A through F). The concept maps are then used to filter the dataset for relevant records and features (G). Lastly, the actual and expected data are compared, and discrepancies are annotated onto the resulting visualization (H). https://scispace.com/papers/visual-reasoning-with-graph-based-mechanisms-the-good-the-35xh388vld 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-duplicate-1t799i82.png Figure 12 Duplicate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-copy-cdzed6y4.png Figure 13 Copy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-22-simplify-3d9ad2zl.png Figure 22 Simplify https://scispace.com/figures/figure-31-query-graph-for-photo-annotation-234714ij.png Figure 31 Query graph for photo annotation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-21-restrict-1rhcub8p.png Figure 21 Restrict https://scispace.com/figures/figure-30-prototypical-graph-insert-for-photo-annotation-3c4gfl9h.png Figure 30 Prototypical graph insert for photo annotation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-nested-graph-1zdqzigg.png Figure 4 A nested graph https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-rule-r1-oyjdb9xe.png Figure 5 A rule (R1) https://scispace.com/papers/visual-orbit-of-the-low-mass-binary-gj-164-ab-4qdqfa51kx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-j-band-spectra-of-the-stars-ordered-from-top-to-1gjddvcm.png Figure 4. J-band spectra of the stars ordered from top to bottom by decreasing metallicity (listed in Table 7). The most prominent spectral features are highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-k-band-spectra-of-the-stars-ordered-from-top-to-1cvhkt3s.png Figure 5. K-band spectra of the stars ordered from top to bottom by decreasing metallicity (listed in Table 7). The most prominent spectral features are highlighted. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-aperture-masking-measurements-at-palomar-and-keck-motxfzh0.png Table 1 Aperture Masking Measurements at Palomar and Keck: Angular Separation and Position Angle of GJ 164 B https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-calibrated-closure-phases-observed-on-jd-2453779-71-1074l6gv.png Figure 1. Calibrated closure phases observed on JD 2,453,779.71 with a KS filter. A binary star model (light gray) with an 86 mas separation, PA of 102◦, and a contrast of 5:1 satisfactorily matches the observations (dark gray). For an unresolved system, each closure phase would be either 0◦ or 180◦ with the same confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-gj-164-photometry-1m0aorzr.png Table 2 GJ 164 Photometry https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-mass-ratio-and-k-band-contrast-ratio-of-gj-164-data-17ypvda0.png Figure 8. Mass ratio and K-band contrast ratio of GJ 164 (data point of coordinates (0.25, 1.8)) are compared to BCAH98 isochrones for ages between 0.1 and 1 Gyr. Each age generates a family of models taking into account the uncertainty on the total mass of the binary. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-ews-of-some-of-the-most-prominent-lines-in-the-14qcrpj7.png Figure 6. EWs of some of the most prominent lines in the sample spectra with 1σ errors vs. (J − K) colors. GJ 164 is represented by the five branch star, while metal-rich objects ([M/H ] > 0.0) are represented by filled circles and metal-poor objects ([M/H ] < 0.0) by open circles. The high value of GJ 164’s 12CO(2,0) (2.293 μm) EW may be attributed to its secondary. The 5:1 K-band contrast ratio of the binary and the increasing strength of the CO bands with later types in the M-dwarf sequence, explain how GJ 164 B (unresolved with TripleSpec) may contribute to the strength of these spectral features. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-gj-164-a-and-b-in-a-mass-luminosity-diagram-thick-hjevkcwe.png Figure 7. GJ 164 A and B in a mass–luminosity diagram (thick data points). The other data points were used by Delfosse et al. (2000) to establish an empirical Kband MLR for field stars (dashed line). The absolute K magnitudes are compared to the BCAH98 isochrones for 0.1 and 1.0 Gyr (two solid lines). https://scispace.com/papers/visualisation-of-physical-lung-simulation-an-interactive-32c3i9zlk0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-rendering-of-a-slice-into-lung-19ew5nbb.png Figure 8: Rendering of a slice into lung https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-tomography-device-fan-beam-and-cone-beam-wdmtr0xm.png Figure 1: Tomography device: fan beam and cone beam https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-lung-boundary-conditions-based-on-real-anatomy-1cd1qdur.png Figure 3: Lung boundary conditions based on real anatomy https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-various-3d-ct-scans-indexed-on-a-breathing-curve-1hiwtjq0.png Figure 2: Various 3D CT scans indexed on a breathing curve https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-lung-ct-scan-conversion-8yhqb4b5.png Figure 4: Lung CT scan conversion https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mass-loss-error-evolution-with-time-18ntd7ji.png Figure 5: Mass loss error evolution with time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-geometrical-parameter-for-ct-scan-convolution-2jy55r8q.png Figure 6: Geometrical parameter for CT scan convolution https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-isosurface-estimation-2t5wknov.png Figure 7: Isosurface estimation https://scispace.com/papers/visualisation-for-stochastic-process-algebras-the-graphic-525apyht0v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-the-pepa-eclipse-plug-in-showing-the-editor-and-the-oc6n3qke.png Fig. 1. The PEPA Eclipse Plug-in, showing the editor and the abstraction view https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-pepa-model-of-a-financial-web-service-application-3bo93kx6.png Fig. 2. A PEPA model of a financial web service application https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-the-csl-property-editor-5qqvsdds.png Fig. 4. The CSL property editor https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-abstraction-view-2trzv446.png Fig. 3. The abstraction view https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-3d-time-dependent-foam-simulation-data-iwwyo6u1cf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-topological-change-trails-for-the-falling-disc-2d-and-3g4qk5p0.png Fig. 2: Topological change trails for the falling disc (2D) and falling sphere (3D) simulations. In 3D, topological changes are represented as spheres colored by the their type. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-a-bubble-path-that-forms-a-loop-this-behavior-was-not-1a5c8q8a.png Fig. 3: A bubble path that forms a loop. This behavior was not previously observed in 3D by domain experts. The two views show the falling sphere and the bubble that traverses a loop. Bubble center is marked with a red dot. The right view shows only edges for the sphere and bubble and the paths traversed during the simulation. Bubble paths are colored by velocity along the Y axis, with blue showing downward and red showing upward velocity. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-topological-changes-cause-high-velocity-bubbles-in-the-nc0wbwc9.png Fig. 6: Topological changes cause high velocity bubbles. In the left view we show bubble velocity and velocity magnitude scalar as well as the position of topological changes at t = 6. In the right view we show bubble velocity colored by velocity magnitude and the position of topological changes at t = 12. Note that in both views the velocity (and velocity magnitude) is clamped because velocities caused by topological changes are much larger than bubble velocities caused by the falling sphere. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-velocity-average-around-the-falling-disc-2d-versus-the-1jh3mwm4.png Fig. 4: Velocity average around the falling disc (2D) versus the falling sphere (3D) simulations. A similar pattern can be observed in 2D (left view) and 3D (right view). Bubbles are pushed down by the falling object, they move to the side to make space for it, and then they fill its space as the object passes them. In the left view we show velocity magnitude scalar and the velocity vector. In the right view we show the velocity vector colored by velocity magnitude. Both the scalar and vectors sizes are clamped using the color bars shown in the lower left corners. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-kde-around-the-falling-disc-versus-falling-sphere-1d5ekoq7.png Fig. 5: KDE around the falling disc versus falling sphere simulations. The maximum values in the color bar represent the maximum number of topological changes in a time step. KDE for all time steps (b) shows that, for 3D, topological changes on top of the sphere dominate the final result. This is caused by topological changes in the same area being triggered repeatedly in the simulation code, feature discovered using our visualization. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-3d-topological-change-of-type-tri-to-edge-bubbles-are-hb2tw356.png Fig. 1: 3D topological change of type tri to edge. Bubbles are colored by number of faces per bubble: (18, 15, 13, 12). The first two images show bubbles just before the topological change and the third image shows bubbles after the topological change. After the topology change the number of faces in each bubble changes to (17, 16, 14, 11). https://scispace.com/papers/vitamin-d-status-and-seroconversion-for-covid-19-in-uk-1lgmk1fm8p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-sars-cov-2-antibodies-seroconversion-and-vitamin-d-f97d1o3v.png Figure 4: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroconversion and vitamin D deficiency https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-seroconversion-in-vitamin-d-deficient-lcp7r7oj.png Figure 5: Comparison of seroconversion in vitamin D deficient and not deficient staffs within ethnic subgroups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-serum-25-oh-d3-concentration-in-study-cohort-y6k2cd3l.png Figure 1: Serum 25(OH)D3 concentration in study cohort. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-serum-d3-concentration-in-white-and-bame-staffs-3gv4ndqy.png Figure 2: Serum D3 concentration in white and BAME staffs. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-comparison-of-symptoms-in-vitamin-d-deficient-2jwyr1n2.png Figure 3: Comparison of symptoms in vitamin D deficient healthcare workers and relationship with seroconversion https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-multivariate-analysis-of-variables-related-to-3fp5lr9v.png Table 4: Multivariate analysis of variables related to seroconversion https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-multivariate-analysis-of-variables-related-to-1wvs00r2.png Table 2: Multivariate analysis of variables related to Vitamin D deficiency https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-predicted-probabilities-for-vitamin-d-deficiency-7z0byyfc.png Table 3 Predicted probabilities for Vitamin D deficiency https://scispace.com/papers/visualizing-murine-placental-extracellular-vesicle-data-with-mxycopq92q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-data-import-and-reformatting-with-nanoimport-and-1k9ln44w.png Fig 3. Data import and reformatting with nanoimport() and nanotidy(). (A) Output from nanoimport() or manually-cleaned NTA data. (B) Intermediate step of nanotidy() function which converts data from ‘wide’ to ‘long’ format, generating tidy data that can be easily filtered to isolate individual sample values. (C) Finalized output from nanotidy() function which separates the ‘Sample’ column into user-specified columns. (D) Representative visualization of technical replicates of nanoimport() output which includes multiple sample injections from one sample with ggplot2, lines represent technical replicate measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-peripheral-exosome-concentration-of-gd16-5-mice-3r5u3t0y.png Fig 7. Peripheral exosome concentration of GD16.5 mice treated with 10ug LPS. Plasma samples were collected 4 h following i.p. injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 10μg LPS. Each point represents a biological replicate. Welch’s t-test. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-multiparameter-summary-statistics-and-visualization-a-1z7gwtxx.png Fig 4. Multiparameter summary statistics and visualization. (A) Output from nanolyze() which calculates mean, standard deviation, and standard error within specified groups. Corresponding line graph of exosome concentration as a function of size, split by gestational age, different colored lines within each group represent a single biological replicate. (B) Summarization of biological replicate data from nanolyze() of 3(A) data. Corresponding line graph depicting mean exosome concentration of biological replicates as a function of size, grey area surrounding lines represent standard error of the mean. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schema-of-tidynano-framework-tidynano-purple-is-1ft9qjmf.png Fig 1. Schema of tidyNano framework. tidyNano (purple) is designed to facilitate the process of importing and formatting data into a tidy format, such that the data are compatible with existing visualization and statistical packages (cyan). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-interactive-data-manipulation-and-visualization-with-3e7em4fi.png Fig 5. Interactive data manipulation and visualization with shinySIGHT web application. shinySIGHT allows users to upload tidyNano data to visualize and manipulate data using a graphical user interface. shinySIGHT automatically generates plots from user uploaded data as well as displays the underlying data frames that make up the visualizations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-calculation-of-extracellular-vesicle-counts-and-3azbq1hp.png Fig 6. Calculation of extracellular vesicle counts and statistics with nanocount(), nanoShapiro() and nanoTukey(). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-workflow-of-tidynano-for-analysis-of-nta-data-2p0iivgj.png Fig 2. Example workflow of tidyNano for analysis of NTA data. Core functions of tidyNano (violet) are to facilitate extraction, formatting and aggregation of NTA data. Following data import, tidyNano functions can be easily visualized using existing packages such as ggplot2 or with the interactive web application shinySIGHT. https://scispace.com/papers/vla-imaging-of-the-intriguing-hi-cloud-hijass-j1021-6842-in-5fcs0tzpgh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-h-i-column-density-image-of-hijass-j1021-6842-pu8nzi92.png Fig. 2.—Total H i column density image of HIJASS J1021 6842 (corrected for primary beam attenuation). The field size is identical to that of Fig. 1. The beam size ( ) is indicated in the lower left. Contours are plotted at 4, 7, 10, 13, and atoms cm 2. The total Hi mass is M,. The boxes in the https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-h-i-channel-maps-of-hijass-j1021-6842-every-other-392txclb.png Fig. 1.—H i channel maps of HIJASS J1021 6842 (every other channel is shown, primary beam attenuation has not been applied). The gray scale displays a range from 0 to 9 mJy beam 1. The beam size ( ) is indicated in the lower left of the top left panel. Note that the channel maps at around 0 km s 1 are′′ ′′60 # 52 affected by large-scale Galactic Hi emission. https://scispace.com/papers/vlsi-architecture-for-discrete-wavelet-transform-based-on-b-20nsng5ia0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-flipping-structure-for-the-9-7-filter-15zs7dw8.png Figure 11. Flipping structure for the (9, 7) filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-two-channel-analysis-filter-bank-ccim48qh.png Figure 1. Two-channel analysis filter bank. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-lifting-scheme-for-the-9-7-filter-34uxdu0k.png Figure 10. Lifting scheme for the (9, 7) filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-two-polyphase-decomposition-types-3afff2j6.png Figure 3. Two polyphase decomposition types. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-polyphase-decomposition-of-the-analysis-filter-bank-3vre8or9.png Figure 2. Polyphase decomposition of the analysis filter bank. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparisons-for-dwt-architectures-of-the-9-7-filter-h9gbufdq.png Table 1. Comparisons for DWT architectures of the (9, 7) filter. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-proposed-b-spline-factorized-architectures-for-the-2g67a6gq.png Figure 12. Proposed B-spline factorized architectures for the (6, 10) filter. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-comparisons-for-dwt-architectures-of-the-10-18-2zfnk9t9.png Table 4. Comparisons for DWT architectures of the (10, 18) filter. https://scispace.com/papers/voiceless-alveolar-stop-coarticulation-in-typically-2hitu1n6hb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-presents-group-mean-and-standard-deviation-values-of-1xhklhjb.png Table 1 presents group mean and standard deviation values of the tongue shape indices. The results of the LMMs on DEI and LOCa-i are reported in Table 2, and they confirm visual observations from Figure 3. While for DEI, there was a significant vowel effect on the consonant for both age groups, the effect for LOCa-i was only observed for the adolescents. A separate LMM model on DEI, including both vowel and age group as factors, was carried out to establish whether there was a significant difference across age groups in the magnitude of the observed coarticulatory effect. The results of this model are also presented in the table. These results do not show a significant interaction of the two factors, therefore we can conclude that there was no age-related difference in the magnitude of effect on DEI. https://scispace.com/papers/vocal-effort-with-changing-talker-to-listener-distance-in-1num9ur0bp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-voice-power-level-used-by-the-talkers-at-13xmpdpz.png FIG. 4. Average voice power level used by the talkers at different distances to the listener. The lines show the predictions of the empirical model. The different slopes of the lines show an interaction between the room and the distance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-fixed-and-random-effects-included-in-the-mixed-2v3rko5u.png TABLE III. Fixed and random effects included in the mixed models. The fixed-effects are characterized for the intercepts a and slopes b, whereas the random effects have zero mean and only their standard deviation is shown. Abbreviations are used instead of the complete name of the rooms: ACH for the anechoic room, LH for the lecture hall, COR for the corridor, and REV for the reverberation room. Note that the b values for, F0 rF0, and PTR are independent of the room. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-average-mean-fundamental-frequency-used-by-talkers-at-3nuqwkia.png FIG. 5. Average mean fundamental frequency used by talkers at different distances to the listener. The lines show the predictions of the empirical model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-average-long-term-standard-deviation-of-the-kvutgrct.png FIG. 6. Average long-term standard deviation of the fundamental frequency used by talkers at different distances to the listener. The lines show the predictions of the empirical model. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-average-ptr-relative-appearance-of-voiced-segments-in-y9w7j3xh.png FIG. 7. Average PTR (relative appearance of voiced segments in running speech) used by talkers at different distances to the listener. The lines show the predictions of the empirical model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-physical-volume-reverberation-time-room-gain-sti-9jcxkiyy.png TABLE I. Physical volume, reverberation time, room gain, STI (mouthto-ears), and A-weighted background noise level measured in the four environments: anechoic chamber, lecture hall, corridor, and reverberation room. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-average-lw-at-6-m-vs-room-gain-grg-as-compared-to-the-mlj1wagh.png FIG. 8. Average Lw at 6 m vs room gain GRG, as compared to the results of Brunskog et al. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-voice-power-level-vs-speech-sound-level-s-at-the-2a5abjn7.png FIG. 9. Voice power level vs speech sound level S at the listener’s position. The dashed line has a slope of 1 dB/dB. If the Lw values laid in a line with the same slope, talkers would be providing a constant SPL at the listener position. https://scispace.com/papers/volatility-clustering-leverage-effects-and-jumps-dynamics-in-1h29rx61lo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-series-plots-of-the-daily-index-level-2prnotz7.png Figure 1 Time Series Plots of the Daily Index Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-parameter-estimates-for-the-jd-pg-model-2gbcpv9e.png Table 6 Parameter Estimates for the JD-PG Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-equity-returns-and-foreign-1yi7s9i2.png Table 1 Summary Statistics of Equity Returns and Foreign Currency Returns https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-jump-predictions-for-emerging-asian-stock-markets-4ez5fqrs.png Table 9 Jump Predictions for Emerging Asian Stock Markets https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-parameter-estimates-for-the-gbm-pg-model-3vmos0yw.png Table 3 Parameter Estimates for the GBM-PG Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-parameter-estimates-for-the-jd-model-1935omcz.png Table 4 Parameter Estimates for the JD Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-3m223qhs.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-time-series-plots-of-conditional-volatility-gbm-pg-2q4comor.png Figure 3 Time Series Plots of Conditional Volatility (GBM-PG Model) https://scispace.com/papers/volatility-spillover-in-the-foreign-exchange-market-the-5a44njp7je 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-spillover-effects-3n5mxe90.png Table 1: Spillover Effects https://scispace.com/papers/volume-entropy-for-surface-groups-via-bowen-series-like-maps-3f0826wcpm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-genus-2-case-1t7fe9ki.png Figure 10: The genus 2 case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-the-action-of-the-map-phgp-3lzv199f.png Figure 7: The action of the map ΦΓP . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-subdivision-bigon-rays-odd-case-36kb2uj8.png Figure 6: Subdivision Bigon rays, odd case. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-the-image-of-a-partition-interval-under-php-1t2ory3p.png Figure 8: The image of a partition interval under ΦP . https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-the-particular-case-xxy-id-2njm1ytd.png Figure 11: The particular case xxy = Id. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-image-of-a-partition-interval-under-php-with-a-lfqogmes.png Figure 9: Image of a partition interval under ΦP with a relation of length 3. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-opposite-corner-and-bigon-rays-1q8r2obn.png Figure 3: Opposite corner and bigon rays. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-subdivision-rays-the-even-case-1iieoz0n.png Figure 5: Subdivision rays, the even case. https://scispace.com/papers/voltage-support-by-optimal-integration-of-plug-in-hybrid-2oxq0yo1ct 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-radial-grid-modeling-2oibn63n.png Fig. 1. Radial Grid Modeling https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-power-consumption-of-phevs-state-of-charge-of-2g31zeru.png Fig. 7. Power consumption of PHEVs, State of Charge of Batteries, and Voltage Profiles for the grid case 1 with the application of the charging management approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-power-consumption-of-phevs-state-of-charge-of-3fcg6ns5.png Fig. 8. Power consumption of PHEVs, State of Charge of Batteries, and Voltage Profiles for the grid case 1 with the application of the charging management approach and the inclusion of two tariffs. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-power-consumption-of-phevs-state-of-charge-of-12ni5r6v.png Fig. 6. Power consumption of PHEVs, State of Charge of Batteries, and Voltage Profiles for the grid case 1 without charging management. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-power-consumption-of-phevs-state-of-charge-of-3afe8q8o.png Fig. 9. Power consumption of PHEVs, State of Charge of Batteries, and Voltage Profiles for the grid case 2 with the application of the charging management approach. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sample-load-profile-corresponding-to-a-house-31n9pcby.png Fig. 3. Sample Load Profile corresponding to a house consumption during 24 hours. The continuous segment corresponds to the chosen charging period for PHEVs plugged in the grid. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-radial-grid-proposed-in-order-to-test-the-strategy-1e260z6a.png Fig. 2. Radial Grid proposed in order to test the strategy. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-voltage-profiles-for-the-test-grid-case-1-without-3gw70zrf.png Fig. 4. Voltage Profiles for the test grid case 1 without PHEVs connected. Profiles do not evidence voltage issues. https://scispace.com/papers/volunteer-meanings-in-the-making-of-place-364l5bt89o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-example-of-attachment-to-place-items-from-the-case-33byxtm8.png Figure 3: Example of attachment to place items from the case study survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-example-of-activity-participation-items-from-the-32f9q2n5.png Figure 1: Example of activity participation items from the case study survey. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-opinions-1lg1edb9.png Figure 5: opinions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-example-of-management-items-from-the-case-study-1zd5l96u.png Figure 4: Example of management items from the case study survey https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-assigned-value-items-from-the-case-study-2f6d0y1k.png Figure 2: Example of assigned value items from the case study survey. https://scispace.com/papers/vorlesungen-uber-bacterien-4xcb6s46ri 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-fig-18-durch-die-bewegungslosigkeit-und-die-eq4js2z5.png Fig. 17. Fig. 18. Durch die Bewegungslosigkeit und die Keimungsform ist B. Anthracis von dem meist auch schmäleren, sonst sehr ähnlichen, aber nicht parasitischen B. subtilis mikroskopisch verschieden. Dazu kommt in den gewöhnlichen Fällen der makroskopische Unterschied, dass er, auf der Entwickelungshöhe, in Nährlösungen einen flockigen https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-configuration-flow-cell-based-on-low-temperature-rgd82e823m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-optimization-of-the-ltcc-vortex-configuration-in-2gv6mz4g.png Figure 4. Optimization of the LTCC vortex configuration In parentheses are the number of flo inlets to the flo chamber. Injection volume, 100 µL; H2O2 concentration, 97.9 mM; flo rate, 6.67 mL/ min. D, cell diameters of 1.2, 0.9, and 0.45 cm, which, respectively, correspond to 271, 152, and 38 µL cell volumes. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-flow-manifold-used-to-optimize-the-device-21jzoy2f.png Figure 3. (A) Flow manifold used to optimize the device geometry, the injection volume, and the flo rate. (B) Flow manifold used to optimize the luminol solution concentration and pH and the H2O2 solution concentration. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-cad-designs-of-one-of-the-constructed-devices-3qb1ow3c.png Figure 1. (A) CAD designs of one of the constructed devices with four flo inlets in the main reaction chamber and drawing of the inner three-dimensional structure; (B) ceramic layer containing the three engraved reaction chambers; (C) front side of one of the constructed device; (D) device directly coupled to the photodiode (photodetector Hamamatsu S1337-66BQ). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-mixing-patterns-with-phenol-red-as-the-coloring-2jvx171v.png Figure 2. Mixing patterns with phenol red as the coloring solution. (A) Eight inlets and low flo rate; (B) four inlets and low flo rate; (C) eight inlets and high flo rate; (D) four inlets and high flo rate. https://scispace.com/papers/vortex-induced-by-dc-current-in-a-circular-magnetic-spin-48mesfdcuy 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-magnetization-states-of-the-layers-of-samples-under-29q2bhpt.png TABLE I MAGNETIZATION STATES OF THE LAYERS OF SAMPLES UNDER EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELDS AND APPLIED CURRENTS. WHEN THE VORTEX STATES EXIST, THE VORTEX NUCLEATION AND ANNIHILATION FIELDS AND CURRENT ARE LISTED https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-resistance-versus-current-curves-obtained-with-the-15x28104.png Fig. 3. Resistance versus current curves obtained with the uniform anti-parallel state at zero external field in the 160 nm diameter sample. Micromagnetic simulations show the configurations for the indicated perpendicular d. c. current. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-magnetoresistance-curves-of-the-samples-with-diameter-1svaoe4h.png Fig. 2. Magnetoresistance curves of the samples with diameter (a) 160 nm (b) 380 nm. Micromagnetic simulations show the states of magnetization for the indicated external fields. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-sketch-of-the-disk-spin-valve-nanopillar-stack-b-1pt8no2o.png Fig. 1. (a) Sketch of the disk spin valve nanopillar stack. (b) Optical Microscope image of our device circuit. The light blue circular is and the sample is located at the center. (c) SEM image of a spin valve nanopillar sample with diameter 160 nm. https://scispace.com/papers/voters-of-populist-parties-and-support-for-reforms-of-1gdju83x4p 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-selected-items-on-reforms-of-representative-2k1wm0ti.png Table 1 Selected items on reforms of representative democracy in the 2019 Belgian Election Study https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-pvda-and-vlaams-belang-voters-attitudes-towards-102psdpv.png Table 3 PVDA and Vlaams Belang Voters’ attitudes towards reforms of representative democracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-pvda-vs-ptb-voters-attitudes-towards-reforms-of-33r8dmge.png Table 6 PVDA vs. PTB Voters’ attitudes towards reforms of representative democracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-support-for-reforms-among-the-populist-and-non-3ecanmrb.png Table 2 Mean support for reforms among the populist and non-populist electorate https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-pvda-vs-vb-voters-attitudes-towards-reforms-of-1uxzxod9.png Table 5 PVDA vs. VB Voters’ attitudes towards reforms of representative democracy https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-ptb-voters-attitudes-towards-reforms-of-2hn70v05.png Table 4 PTB Voters’ attitudes towards reforms of representative democracy https://scispace.com/papers/vorticity-dynamics-of-seasonal-variations-of-the-antarctic-4po8ez91ic 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-total-transport-and-surface-elevation-changes-for-case-2zacswhb.png FIG. 7. Total transport and surface elevation changes for case III, which has a flat bottom and is forced by the monthly winds. The simulation begins at a state of rest. (a) The total transport for the first year of the simulation as a function of time. Both time step and month are indicated. The monthly tics indicate the beginning of the month. The ordinate has units I Sv = I X 106 m3 s-1 • (b) The variation of the surface elevation ( cm) at the Greenwich meridian by month on the abscissa and latitude on the ordinate. The contour interval is I cm and the maximum values are marked. Dashed lines indicate negative values. ( c) The variation of the surface elevation ( cm) across Drake Passage by month on the abscissa and latitude on the ordinate. The contour interval is I cm. Dashed lines indicate negative values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-total-transport-and-surface-elevation-changes-for-1exm2jmc.png FIG. 11. Total transport and surface elevation changes for case V, which has bottom topography and is forced by the zonal average of the monthly winds minus the annual mean. The simulation begins at a state of rest. (a) The total transport for the first year of the simulation as a function of time. Both time step and month are indicated. The monthly tics indicate the beginning of the month. The ordinate has units I Sv = I X 106 m3 s-1• (b) The variation of the surface elevation ( cm) at the Greenwich meridian by month on the abscissa and latitude on the ordinate. The contour interval is 0.2 cm and the maximum values are marked. Dashed lines indicate negative values. ( c) The variation of the surface elevation ( cm) across Drake Passage by month on the abscissa and latitude on the ordinate. The contour interval is 0.2 cm. Dashed lines indicate negative values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-the-longitudinal-variation-of-some-of-the-terms-in-the-1ycdf5kr.png FIG. 6. The longitudinal variation of some of the terms in the vorticity equation for case II, which has a flat bottom and is forced by the zonal average of the monthly winds minus the annual mean. The terms not shown make negligible contribution to the vorticity budget. (a) The vorticity processes at 57.5°S after five months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 7.206 X 10-11 m s-2 • (b) The vorticity processes at 57.5°S after seven months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 8.171 X 10-11 m s-2 • (c) The vorticity processes at 43.5 °S after five months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 2.695 X 10-10 m s-2 • https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-the-longitudinal-variation-of-some-of-the-terms-in-2eznedm2.png FIG. 10. The longitudinal variation of some of the terms in the vorticity equation for case IV, which has a flat bottom and is forced by the zonal average of the monthly winds. The terms not shown make negligible contribution to the vorticity budget. (a) The vorticity processes at 57.5°S after five months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 4.289 X 10-9 m s-2 • (b) The vorticity processes at 57.5°S after seven months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 1.164 X 10-9 m s-2 • https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-total-transport-and-surface-elevation-changes-for-case-28nvu4rt.png FIG. 9. Total transport and surface elevation changes for case IV, which has bottom topography and is forced by the zonal average of the monthly winds. The simulation begins at a state of rest. (a) The total transport for the first year of the simulation as a function of time. Both time step and month are indicated. The monthly tics indicate the beginning of the month. The ordinate has units of I Sv = I X 106 m3 s-1• (b) The variation of the surface elevation (cm) at the Greenwich meridian by month on the abscissa and latitude on the ordinate. The contour interval is 0.5 cm and the maximum values are marked. Dashed lines indicate negative values. ( c) The variation of the surface elevation ( cm) across Drake Passage by month on the abscissa and latitude on the ordinate. The contour interval is 0.5 cm. Dashed lines indicate negative values. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-longitudinal-variation-of-some-of-the-terms-in-the-2am58auf.png FIG. 8. The longitudinal variation of some of the terms in the vorticity equation for case III, which has a flat bottom and is forced by the monthly winds. The terms not shown make negligible contribution to the vorticity budget. (a) The vorticity processes at 57.5°S after five months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 1.689 X 10-10 m s-2 • (b) The vorticity processes at 57.5°S after seven months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 2.227 X 10-10 m s-2 • (c) The vorticity processes at 43.5°S after five months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 3.632 X 10-10 m s-2 • https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zonally-average-eastward-wind-stress-trenberth-et-al-21txci6s.png FIG. 2. Zonally average eastward wind stress ( Trenberth et al. 1989) as a function of latitude and month. Only the points over the ocean are included in the zonal average. The dashed contours indicate negative values and the contour interval is 0.05 N m-2 • Maximum values are marked. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-the-longitudinal-variation-of-some-of-the-terms-in-267poa0f.png FIG. 12. The longitudinal variation of some of the terms in the vorticity equation for case V, which has bottom topography and is forced by the zonal average of the monthly winds minus the annual mean. The terms not shown make negligible contribution to the vorticity budget. (a) The vorticity processes at 57.5°S after five months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 6.307 X 10-10 m s-2 • (b) The vorticity processes at 43.5°S after five months of integration. The vorticity terms have been scaled by the maximum for all of the terms, which in this case is 2.247 X 10-10 m s-2 • https://scispace.com/papers/voting-on-social-security-evidence-from-oecd-countries-2g82e2lvkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-signs-of-comparative-statics-influences-in-public-21pm3o5v.png Table 1 Signs of Comparative-Statics Influences in Public Choice Models of Social Security https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2qde2msm.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-social-security-programs-in-the-oecd-oua2rybm.png Table 2 Social Security Programs in the OECD https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-36js9yaq.png Table 5 https://scispace.com/papers/vuv-radiation-of-high-temperature-co2-ar-plasmas-1mtoyavdwj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-plasma-torch-head-and-nozzle-assembly-the-gas-1t8lch2m.png Figure 2: Plasma torch head and nozzle assembly. The gas injectors include radial, swirl and axial injectors. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-predicted-c2-mulliken-emission-given-measured-15wguwl2.png Figure 9: Predicted C2 Mulliken emission given measured temperature profile https://scispace.com/papers/voxelized-minkowski-sum-computation-on-the-gpu-with-robust-2pyg6c4oth 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-2d-minkowski-sum-of-a-square-and-a-triangle-1cx3ch07.png Figure 1: 2D Minkowski sum of a square and a triangle. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-examples-of-surface-primitive-culling-from-left-to-uz7cck4z.png Table 1: Examples of surface primitive culling. From left to right, each column respectively shows models A and B, the number of triangle primitives before/after culling, the percentage of remaining triangle primitives, the number of quadrilateral primitives before/after culling, the percentage of remaining quadrilateral primitives, and the percentage of total remaining primitives after culling. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-triangle-and-quadrilateral-primitives-after-culling-1rz669k0.png Figure 5: Triangle and quadrilateral primitives after culling. From left to right, each picture represents the two models (ball and dragon), triangle primitives after culling (two different colors represent triangles from the two different models), quadrilateral primitives after culling (yellow), and finally the rendered Minkowski sum. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-overview-of-the-voxelization-algorithm-we-first-igaz3zx1.png Figure 8: Overview of the voxelization algorithm. We first voxelize all the remaining surface primitives after culling (left), including boundary surfaces (solid black lines) and surfaces hidden inside (red lines). The outer dashed black lines represent the view volume. Then we perform an orthogonal fill along the six orthogonal directions (four in 2D) to find a portion of the set of outer voxels (in green, middle). Finally we use flood fill to find all the remaining outer voxels (in yellow, right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-shape-morphing-between-a-cone-78-triangles-and-a-1an2mka6.png Figure 7: Shape morphing between a cone (78 triangles) and a torus knot (8000 triangles). The animation is computed and rendered at a framerate of 18 frames/second. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-voxelization-10243-of-the-four-minkowski-sums-in-100t8ozw.png Figure 13: Voxelization (10243) of the four Minkowski sums in Figure 6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-2d-minkowski-sum-on-right-in-red-of-a-yellow-3k27u13l.png Figure 2: The 2D Minkowski sum (on right in red) of a yellow disk and a green belt contains an enclosed void. The yellow disk can be placed at B, but it cannot go from A to B. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-timing-for-rendering-the-minkowski-sums-in-figure-6-2y98qnsu.png Table 2: Timing for rendering the Minkowski sums in Figure 6 (including primitive culling and VBO generation). From left to right, each column respectively shows models A and B, number of triangles of A and B, time of the CUDA implementation, time of the CPU implementation, and speedup of CUDA over CPU. https://scispace.com/papers/wage-insurance-as-a-policy-option-in-the-united-states-1veemikqt8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-trade-adjustment-assistance-budget-authority-and-1y727hzu.png Table 3 Trade Adjustment Assistance Budget Authority and Outlays (millions of current dollars) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-trade-adjustment-assistance-program-data-fiscal-3lw8ivzz.png Table 2 Trade Adjustment Assistance Program Data, Fiscal Years 2000–2007 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-wage-supplement-proposals-1984-2007-ubw0sx15.png Table 1 Wage Supplement Proposals, 1984–2007 https://scispace.com/papers/wages-and-hours-laws-what-do-we-know-what-can-be-done-nnnrg64ymc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-effect-on-hours-of-lowering-real-overtime-exempt-3ogivp2s.png Table 3. Effect on Hours of Lowering Real Overtime-Exempt Weekly Earnings, 1987–1989 to 2014–2016 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-states-with-minimum-wages-that-exceed-the-federal-b0jcwxi0.png Figure 1. States with Minimum Wages that Exceed the Federal Minimum (in Darker Shade) https://scispace.com/papers/wall-collision-line-broadening-of-molecular-oxygen-within-5ij2q2yqyc 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-color-online-a-line-profiles-of-the-two-zro2-samples-3jcau20q.png FIG. 3. (Color online) (a) Line profiles of the two ZrO2 samples and of free gas at 200 Torr. Dotted lines show the half maximum value and the 10% of the maximum value, respectively. Compared with the line profiles under ambient conditions, the relative contribution from molecule-wall collision broadening is significantly larger under a reduced pressure, effectively enhancing the contrast between the two samples. The dashed lines indicate fits using Voigt profiles for the 43-nm sample and for free gas, showing that the molecule-wallcollision-broadened line shape deviates from a Voigt profile. (b) Residuals of the fit for the 43-nm sample. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-color-online-experimental-data-captured-within-the-xfhm10ec.png FIG. 2. (Color online) Experimental data captured within the vacuum chamber showing the linewidths of the R9Q10 line of O2 as a function of pressure. The solid line represents the predicted HWHM using a Voigt profile. Between the two nanoporous materials, the relative contrast in terms of broadening increases as the pressure is decreased. The trends of the nanoporous materials have close resemblances to the one of free gas, showing an additive-like behavior. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-color-online-comparison-of-the-r9q10-absorption-line-oao1rmze.png FIG. 1. (Color online) Comparison of the R9Q10 absorption line profiles of O2 as free gas and in two ZrO2 nanoporous materials with pore sizes of 115 and 43 nm under ambient conditions. It is clear that the absorption lines of the gas in the two nanoporous materials are significantly broadened as compared with the absorption line of the free gas. The insets show SEM images of the two nanoporous samples. https://scispace.com/papers/wage-losses-due-to-overqualification-the-role-of-formal-3ze0km95id 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-similarity-of-occupation-specific-skills-in-xfn1r17n.png Figure 2 Similarity of occupation-specific skills in overqualified employment for employees with vocational and academic training https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effects-on-the-log-individual-deflated-net-daily-2gofljof.png Table 5 Effects on the log individual deflated net daily wage for employees with vocational or academic training https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-requirement-levels-and-qualification-adequacy-38kkq17k.png Figure 1 Requirement levels and qualification adequacy https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-similarity-of-occupation-specific-skills-between-the-9hmw0qvf.png Table 2 Similarity of occupation-specific skills between the training and current occupation https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-average-daily-wages-in-euros-18n50l7s.png Table 3 Average daily wages (in Euros) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-effects-on-the-log-individual-deflated-net-daily-1fl5dqwh.png Table 4 Effects on the log individual deflated net daily wage https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-formal-overqualification-2clsd62z.png Table 1 Formal overqualification https://scispace.com/papers/wall-conditioning-by-ecrh-discharges-and-he-gdc-in-the-de894fo52l 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-left-axis-normalised-outgassing-throughout-op1-1-fs7ig1a6.png Figure 4: Left axis: Normalised outgassing throughout OP1.1: experimental data of He and H2-ECRH discharges (circles and pentagrams resp.), fit using eq. 3 (red line) and fit using eq. 1 and 2 including the conditioning contribution by GDC (yellow line). Right axis: Trapping site concentrations in particle reservoirs t (purple) and s (green) following from latter (yellow) fit. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-poincare-plot-taken-from-15-showing-the-flux-1uwc7jwj.png Figure 1: (a) Poincaré plot taken from [15] showing the flux surfaces of the OP1.1 limiter configuration. The limiter is marked in blue while the last closed magnetic surface (LCFS) is indicated in red. (c) W7-X PFC in OP1.1: Photo taken from [16] showing one of five inboard graphite limiters and CuCrZr heat sink structures which are partially covered by graphite tiles. (c) CCD image of W7-X He-ECRH discharge 20160310.025 (see also figure 6) at 2 MW, tangential view from port AEQ51. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gas-balance-per-experiment-throughout-op1-1-may-2fjdvyaz.png Figure 5: Gas balance per experiment throughout OP1.1 (may include multiple ECRH pulses) as a function of the cumulated RF discharge time for all OP1.1 ECRH plasma experiments. Blue: injected amount (He, H2 and Ar), red: pumped amount assuming H2. Both the injected and pumped amounts are normalised to the number of ECRH pulses per experiment. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-recovery-of-recycling-conditions-in-h2-ecrh-plasma-3blbilc3.png Figure 6: Recovery of recycling conditions in H2-ECRH plasma by He-ECRH pulses. (a) H2-ECRH ending by a radiative collapse at 0.575 s (20160310.024). (b) One of two subsequent He-ECRH recovery pulses (20160310.025-026). (c) Recovered H2-ECRH plasma operation with stable density and temperature throughout the 0.8 s pulse (20160310.027). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-typical-mass-spectrometry-time-traces-for-a-h2-ecrh-1e2k7wmf.png Figure 3: Typical mass spectrometry time traces, for a) H2 ECRH (20160209.004) and b) He-ECRH (20160209.005) discharges in OP1.1. The H2 (m/q = 2) and He (m/q = 4) traces are calibrated by dry gas puffs, while traces m/q = 16 (CH4), m/q = 28 (CO, N2) and m/q = 44 (CO2) are scaled, all with the same factor, to reproduce tentatively the total pressure (black solid line). The total pressure (black) is an average over a set of ionisation gauges in the pumping ducts. The mass spectrometer is localised in one of these pumping ducts and features therefore similar conductivity to the main vessel as the pressure measurements. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-normalised-outgassing-in-subsequent-he-ecrh-1vsoqsmk.png Figure 2: Normalised outgassing in subsequent He ECRH discharges (20151211.1 to 20160128.27) as function of the cumulated ECRH discharge duration: experimental data (circles) overlaid with typical experimental t−0.7 trend (blue line) and fitted by eq. 3 (red line, see section 3). The discontinuities in the data trend result from He-GDC operation, indicated by arrows. https://scispace.com/papers/was-tropical-cyclone-heta-or-hunting-by-people-responsible-tjp0etef1s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-2yd8iox7.png TABLE 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-niue-island-showing-the-locations-of-villages-1scf02q7.png Figure 1. Niue Island, showing the locations of villages, sealed roads (solid lines), and the three tracks (dotted lines) along which the 5-min bird counts and rat trapping were carried out. https://scispace.com/papers/waste-you-mean-by-products-from-bio-waste-management-to-agro-16at11jr8o 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-bales-made-from-pruned-vine-wood-at-la-luna-2deqf5s2.png Fig. 2: Bales made from pruned vine wood at La Luna. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mountains-of-grape-marc-at-caviro-source-caviro-it-ag5cy493.png Fig. 3: Mountains of grape marc at Caviro (source: Caviro.it). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-square-barrels-at-la-carina-1sgt3vk1.png Fig. 1: Square barrels at La Carina. https://scispace.com/papers/warming-induces-shifts-in-microzooplankton-phenology-and-y5vtkjwc2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-impact-of-the-factors-light-and-temperature-on-the-35ybt3kj.png Table 3 Impact of the factors light and temperature on the timing of microzooplankton biomass maxima (Dmax) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-microzooplankton-mzp-biomass-lg-c-l-1-orange-lines-120rh1vh.png Fig. 2 Microzooplankton (MZP) biomass (lg C l-1) (orange lines; duplicate 1: solid line, duplicate 2: dotted line) and phytoplankton (PP) biomass (lg C l-1) (green lines; duplicate 1: solid line, duplicate 2: dotted line) for each treatment. Factors temperature ( C) and light (%) of the different treatments: a D6 C 62 %, b D6 C 57 %, c D6 C 49 %, d D0 C 62 %, e D0 C 57 %, f D0 C 49 %. Vertical lines illustrate the reduced time-lags between phytoplankton biomass maxima (green) and microzooplankton biomass maxima (orange) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-microzooplankton-mzp-biomass-lg-c-l-1-of-ciliates-and-e2hy979k.png Fig. 4 Microzooplankton (MZP) biomass (lg C l-1) of ciliates and dinoflagellates (blue) as the mean of duplicate mesocosms, mean phytoplankton biomass (lg C l-1) (dashed line small-sized phytoplankton; solid line medium-sized phytoplankton), and mean copepod biomass (lg C l-1) (gray areas) for each treatment. Factors temperature ( C) and light (%) of the different treatments: a D6 C 62 %, b D6 C 57 %, c D6 C 49 %, d D0 C 62 %, e D0 C 57 %, f D0 C 49 % https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-relationship-between-the-actual-temperatures-c-in-the-gun9pf0b.png Fig. 3 Relationship between the actual temperatures ( C) in the mesocosms and the growth rates l (day-1) of microzooplankton during the build-up of the phytoplankton bloom https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-difference-between-the-day-of-the-biomass-peak-of-2ovod6n1.png Fig. 7 Difference between the day of the biomass peak of copepods, COP (a) or dinoflagellates, DIN (b) and medium-sized algae, MA, and between ciliates, CIL and small-sized algae, SA (c) in relation to the Q10 value of protozoans, PROT, assuming a Q10 of 2 (solid), 4 (dashed) or 6 (dotted line) for copepods at D6 C. Please note the different scale of the y axis used in c https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-taxonomic-composition-of-microzooplankton-and-1xqg1jdo.png Table 4 Taxonomic composition of microzooplankton and biomass (lg C l-1) of different species/genera during the course of the mesocosms experiment in the six different treatments (D6 C: 64 %, D6 C: 48 %, D6 C: 32 %, D0 C: 64 %, D0 C: 48 %, and D0 C: 32 %) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-abbreviations-values-and-description-of-parameters-o2img0zp.png Table 1 Abbreviations, values, and description of parameters used in the simulation models https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sigmoidal-fit-showing-the-cumulative-microzooplankton-2q6x4d0n.png Fig. 1 Sigmoidal fit showing the cumulative microzooplankton biomass (%) over the whole duration of the experiment. Solid lines indicate the thresholds of cumulative biomass defined as D25, D50, and D75 https://scispace.com/papers/water-mass-structure-and-the-effect-of-subglacial-discharge-3nby45buka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-same-as-fig-3-but-for-salinity-245ykoy6.png Figure 4. Same as Fig. 3 but for salinity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-same-as-fig-3-but-for-square-of-brunt-vaisala-2d46dvp0.png Figure 5. Same as Fig. 3 but for square of Brunt–Väisälä frequency (N2). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-same-as-fig-3-but-for-turbidity-3is0t268.png Figure 6. Same as Fig. 3 but for turbidity. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-list-of-model-runs-run-names-initial-stratifications-2evtpoz7.png Table 1. List of model runs. Run names, initial stratifications, and values of inflow velocity (Vsg: ms−1) and flux of subglacial discharge (Qsg: m3 s−1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-numerical-model-settings-a-ocean-depth-along-the-30t36nev.png Figure 9. Numerical model settings. (a) Ocean depth along the centerline of Bowdoin Fjord (from north to south). The space between the glacier and the sea bed indicates a 10 m high subglacial drainage conduit. (b) Depth across the fjord (from west to east) at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 km from the ice front. The box indicates the subglacial drainage conduit at the center of the fjord (40 m wide× 10 m high; 400 m2). Initial vertical profiles of (c) potential temperature, salinity, (d) potential density, and the square of Brunt–Väisälä frequency (N2) computed from (c). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-schematic-diagram-of-the-possible-glacial-lk810bzq.png Figure 12. Schematic diagram of the possible glacial discharge and properties of vertical water mass profiles of Bowdoin Fjord in (a) 2014 and (b) 2016. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-study-region-in-bowdoin-fjord-in-northwestern-1vdiaoqr.png Figure 1. Study region in Bowdoin Fjord in northwestern Greenland. (a) Landsat image (6 September 2014) showing northwestern Greenland (downloaded from http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov, last access: 6 April 2020). The blue box indicates the area shown in (b). The inset shows the location of the region in Greenland. (b) Locations of the CTD observation sites indicated by dots (blue in 2014; red in 2016, both inside Bowdoin Fjord; and green in 2016, outside Bowdoin Fjord). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-potential-temperature-salinity-diagrams-of-the-sjjzs512.png Figure 7. Potential-temperature–salinity diagrams of the freshwater fractions in (a), (c) 2014 and (b), (d) 2016 (as shown in Fig. 2b). The solid and dashed black lines represent the theoretical melt and runoff line, respectively. In (a) and (b), the data are plotted for stations 1–6, and the color scale indicates the station number. In (c) and (d), the data are plotted for stations with∼ 4 km distance from the ice front (14D1 and 16D3 at depths ≥ 5 m). The color of markers denotes turbidity. The solid and dashed gray lines represent the fractions of submarine meltwater (where the line intervals are 0.5 %–2.5 %) and subglacial discharge (where the line intervals are 1 %–10 %), respectively. The black numbers outside the circles indicate the depth. https://scispace.com/papers/waterbird-movement-across-the-great-dividing-range-and-2d5v25r23c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-waterbird-species-recovery-data-presented-are-the-c49chbzt.png Table 1. Waterbird species recovery data. Presented are the number of individual banded north of the Great Dividing Range (Banded) and the 119 number of individuals recovered in southern Victoria (Recovered). Species in bold are known hosts of MVEV.3 120 https://scispace.com/papers/water-soluble-carotenoid-proteins-of-cyanobacteria-44g6geqgts 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-hypothetical-model-of-the-16-kda-rcp-based-on-the-3futf1mo.png Fig. 5. Hypothetical model of the 16 kDa RCP based on the known proteolysis sites and the structure of the OCP. The carotenoid is shown in the conformation it holds in the OCP form. The protein and pigment conformational changes that are likely to occur with proteolysis to the RCP are not yet known. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-absorption-spectra-of-the-ocp-dotted-line-the-rcp-35wv6r4r.png Fig. 4. Absorption spectra of the OCP (dotted line), the RCP (dashed line), and 30-hydroxyechinenone in hexane (solid line) isolated from A. maxima. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-amino-acid-sidechains-within-3-7-a-of-the-30-1iuv27or.png Fig. 3. Amino acid sidechains within 3.7 A of the 30-hydroxyechinenone molecule in the OCP. The sucrose molecule is shown in sticks. The chloride ion and nine water molecules (space-filling crosses) found in the carotenoid-binding cleft are also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-surface-and-charge-representation-of-the-ocp-a-the-3dmhi2z4.png Fig. 2. Surface and charge representation of the OCP. (A) The carotenoid molecule is yellow and shown in space filling representation. The sucrose molecule is yellow and rendered in sticks. The view in (B) is oriented 180 relative to the view shown in (A). Figure prepared with GRASP [53]. https://scispace.com/papers/water-wave-propagation-through-an-infinite-array-of-1378nsa68s 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-eigenvalue-kl-vs-wave-vector-q1l-w-l-1-d-l-0-1-q2l-23fx6v8k.png Figure 3: Eigenvalue κL vs. wave vector q1L; W/L = 1, D/L = 0.1, q2L = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-eigenvalue-kl-vs-wave-vector-q1l-w-l-1-d-l-0-q2l-0-2q6z9wlv.png Figure 2: Eigenvalue κL vs. wave vector q1L; W/L = 1, D/L = 0, q2L = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-transmitted-energy-et-for-normal-wave-incidence-vs-1howjy4c.png Figure 10: Transmitted energy ET for normal wave incidence vs. number of rows of cylinders N ; W/L = 1, D/L = 0.5, κL = 2.7π (– · – · –), κL = 3π (– – – –), κL = 3.7π (———). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-maximum-bloch-transmission-tb-vs-angle-of-vmk7dukj.png Figure 11: Maximum Bloch transmission |TB| vs. angle of incidence θq; W/L = 1, D/L = 0.5, κL = 2.7π. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-approximate-eigenfunction-u-ns-mode-vs-y-w-on-x-l-2-kgl8g0ma.png Figure 5: Approximate eigenfunction u (NS mode) vs. y/W on x = L/2 for W/L = 1 (– – – –), W/L = 3 (– · – · –), and W/L = 5 (———–); D/L = 0.5, q2L = 0. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-approach-of-standing-wave-frequencies-to-trapped-86idd297.png Table 1: Approach of standing-wave frequencies to trapped-mode frequencies as the cell aspect ratio W/L → ∞. The number in parentheses is the cylinder diameter D/L and the letters identify the mode (see the text). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-transmission-coefficient-t10-for-ten-rows-of-121k1jmr.png Figure 9: Transmission coefficient |T10| for ten rows of cylinders (dashed line) and Bloch transmission coefficient |TB|10 (solid line) vs. wavenumber κL; W/L = 1, D/L = 0.5. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-eigenvalue-kl-vs-wave-vector-q1l-w-l-1-d-l-0-5-q2l-1rp133ig.png Figure 4: Eigenvalue κL vs. wave vector q1L; W/L = 1, D/L = 0.5, q2L = 0. https://scispace.com/papers/wave-separation-in-non-uniform-hopkinson-bars-using-5dwvqt8bvg 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-scheme-of-a-stepped-bar-2vjn9vgt.png Figure 1. Simplified scheme of a stepped bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-simulated-strains-in-the-bar-only-the-first-1ms-27ia31gc.png Figure 4. The simulated strains in the bar (only the first 1ms is shown). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-recovered-force-at-the-origin-a-the-first-300-s-b-izq07gcc.png Figure 5. Recovered force at the origin: (a) the first 300 s (b) the first 9ms. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-error-on-the-recovered-force-a-strains-without-3w57i6ie.png Figure 6. Error on the recovered force: (a) strains without added noise (b) noised strains. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-characteristics-of-the-modelled-four-segment-elastic-2xwwcxac.png Table 1. Characteristics of the modelled four-segment elastic bar. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-force-at-the-bar-left-side-a-imposed-impulse-15pjyjt9.png Figure 3. The force at the bar left side : (a) Imposed impulse load, (b) Force as computed by Abaqus (only the first 300 s of the simulation are shown for both figures). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-simplified-scheme-of-the-modelled-four-segment-11wp0y8k.png Figure 2. Simplified scheme of the modelled four-segment elastic bar. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-variation-of-the-error-with-the-added-noise-7lylxizf.png Table 2. Variation of the error with the added noise. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelength-tunable-diffractive-transmission-lens-for-hard-x-1qwovtsgx8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-first-order-efficiency-of-a-linear-fresnel-zone-plate-1adnmrpm.png FIG. 3. First order efficiency of a linear Fresnel zone plate with 5.5mm high Si structures for photon energies between 8 and 29 keV as a function of the zone plate tilt angle. The lens aperture was 200mm. The upper horizontal axis indicates the effective aspect ratio of the 350 nm wide outermost zones. https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-maximum-first-order-efficienciesemax-and-optimum-3odpia6l.png TABLE I. Maximum first order efficienciesEmax and optimum structures heightstopt of a binary diffractive optical element for a selection of elements commonly used in zone plate fabrication at different photon energies. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-scanning-electron-microscopy-images-of-linear-fresnel-16iltxu4.png FIG. 1. Scanning electron microscopy images of linear Fresnel zone plates fabricated by electron beam lithography and wet chemical etching of^110& oriented silicon substrates. The outermost zone width is 324 nm, the zone height is 13mm, corresponding to an aspect ratio of 40. https://scispace.com/papers/waves-of-sand-and-snow-and-the-eddies-which-make-them-by-4akoeoydmi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-the-pundamental-curve-ofsnow-dri-fts-2gdxqxe9.png Fig. 15 The Pundamental curve ofsnow dri-Fts. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-28-3sstxtd4.png Fig 28 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-19wm5ced.png Fig. 13. https://scispace.com/papers/wavelets-and-optical-flow-motion-estimation-11k0yi8zeu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-typical-gain-observed-by-the-use-of-a-modified-3ek70jj1.png Figure 1: Typical gain observed by the use of a modified filter bank, to save computations by excluding null-coefficient scales. When one scale only is empty, the observed gain is ' 55%, below the theoretical 62.5%. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-rmse-between-estimated-v-and-reference-motions-v-1v9ikj51.png Figure 5: RMSE between estimated v̂ and reference motions v ref and ṽ ref as a function of parameters L (finest motion coefficients scale 2−L , horizontal axis) and C (coarsest motion coefficients scale 2−C , vertical axis), with L ≥ C . Low RMSE regions are colored in red. Left graph shows results obtained for v ref (reference motion), right graph presents results for ṽ ref (large magnitude). Optimum couples of parameters, in terms of RMSE and computing time, are indicated for both cases by yellow stars. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-experiments-on-the-influence-of-the-number-of-vm-2wpwerff.png Figure 6: Experiments on the influence of the number of VM, for a given couple (L, C) = (6, 0). Estimation results v̂ and “truncated” reference motion v ref|6, both ∈ V6, are compared to ground truth motion v ref. Fig. (6a) compares RMSE of estimations (red) and truncated truth (blue). We observe a rapid convergence towards asymptots at 0.089 and 0.014 pixels for estimation and truncated truth, resp. Fig. (6b) shows the kinetic energy of v̂ (red) and v ref|6 (blue) as a percentage of v ref energy. We observe again a rapid convergence towards 98.5% and 99.98% for estimation and truncated truth, resp. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-experiments-on-the-influence-of-the-number-of-vm-on-gnmxsr9w.png Figure 8: Experiments on the influence of the number of VM on the estimation computing time, using usual filter banks (blue) or “smart” ones (red), for (L, C) = (6,5) (solid line) and (6, 0) (dashed line). Estimated motions are almost the same, in terms of RMSE, for any number of VM n > 4, any of the two couples (L, C) and of course any of the filter bank employed – the part of the graph located right of the vertical black line. Computation times are normalized w.r.t. optimum parameters, i.e. (L,C)=(6,5), n = 5 and smart filter bank. This reference time corresponds to 9 seconds. Using usual filter banks, the computational burden rapidly increases with the number of VM, especially with low C (dashed blue line). This can be tempered by the use of smart filter banks (dashed red) and/or by choosing a higher value for C (solid lines). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-experiments-on-the-influence-of-the-number-of-vm-29p98j9g.png Figure 7: Experiments on the influence of the number of VM. End-point-norm error maps obtained for estimates with (L, C) = (6, 0), n = 1 (left) or n = 20 (right). Only small, tube-shaped structures remain unestimated with n= 20. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-the-two-sequences-introduced-in-sec-5-1-are-3vptq8e2.png Figure 9: The two sequences introduced in Sec. 5.1 are processed with parameters (L, C) = (6,5) and n= 20 for particles, (L, C) = (5, 5) and n= 5 for scalar images. Results (in thick brown) are compared, in terms of RMSE, to those of other estimators from state-of-the-art: correlation (gray), first order regularization [9] (green), div-curl regularization [16] (blue), multiscale regularization [7] (purple). Fig. (9a) shows particles images results, Fig. (9b) concerns passive scalar advection. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-vorticity-comparison-estimates-11a-11b-11c-11d-are-udv1r5jj.png Figure 11: Vorticity comparison. Estimates (11a), (11b), (11c), (11d) are obtained with proposed estimator, varying parameter L. Motion (11e) is obtained with a more evolved estimator featuring explicit smoothing terms [10]. Last estimate (11f) is a reference given by the correlation-based method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-configuration-of-the-cylinder-wake-experiment-10a-2qbhs5ml.png Figure 10: Configuration of the cylinder wake experiment (10a); a 256× 256 pixels subregion (1/16 of the total area) of a sample of PIV image (10b). https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-transform-in-image-recognition-45n01dnvdb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-the-topography-of-features-resulting-from-a-the-14ysp5vk.png Fig. 8. The topography of features resulting from (a) the discrete Fourier transform and (b) the discrete wavelet transform for the simulated image and their classification into three classes providing class boundaries as well https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-shanon-wavelet-and-the-effect-of-its-dilation-to-2wv40tl9.png Fig. 7. Shanon wavelet and the effect of its dilation to spectrum compression https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-selected-image-segment-analysis-presenting-a-three-zhhc40qh.png Fig. 4. Selected image segment analysis presenting (a) three dimensional image segment boundary signal, (b) two dimensional image boundary signal, and (c) its discrete Fourier transform https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-wavelet-transform-use-in-image-decomposition-and-qxhc566w.png Fig. 5. Wavelet transform use in image decomposition and reconstruction https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-principle-of-image-segmentation-and-image-boundary-mg9ikhh3.png Fig. 3. Principle of image segmentation and image boundary selection https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-selected-image-segment-analysis-presenting-a-two-2n5wp7x2.png Fig. 6. Selected image segment analysis presenting (a) two dimensional image segment boundary signal, (b) scalogram presenting coefficients of its decomposition into three levels, and (c) wavelet transform coefficients organized in a row vector https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-comparison-of-image-segments-classification-into-lxfupxu6.png Table 1. Comparison of image segments classification into three classes using two features evaluated by DFT and DWT using DB4 wavelet function https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-real-image-segmentation-results-brso6tyf.png Fig. 9. Real image segmentation results https://scispace.com/papers/wavelet-analysis-of-complex-geometry-transonic-cavity-flows-3hinb71tg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-mean-velocity-vector-field-at-2y-w-0-0-coloured-by-23r625ws.png Figure 5. Mean velocity vector field at 2y/w 0.0 coloured by velocity magnitude. Mod000 upper, Mod001 middle, Mod002 lower. The numbered points indicated the vortices centres. The impact point in the rear face of the shear layer streamlines indicates the maximum solicited area from an acoustic point of view. Flow from left to right. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-m219-mod000-cavity-geometry-parameters-2gdt9s0d.png Table 1. M219-Mod000 cavity geometry parameters. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-wavelet-auto-bi-spectrum-and-coherence-of-pressure-137ah6jr.png Figure 12. Wavelet auto-bi-spectrum and coherence of pressure signal a cavity rear face, Mod002, x/L 1.0, 2y/W 0.0, z/D 0.0. The time of analysis was between 0.5 s and 0.7 s. Areas of high energy transfer are individuated by the super-imposition of WBS contours and WBC contours. Negative-constant-slope lines points which algebraic sum is constant. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-rakes-coordinate-for-cfd-analyses-30ea26pz.png Table 2. Rakes coordinate for CFD analyses. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-spectral-analysis-comparison-of-the-geometry-1mz2m5x9.png Table 4. Spectral analysis comparison of the geometry configurations. The table list the modes extracted from the Fourier spectrum, the wavelet time-averaged spectrum, and the Rossiter-Heller theory. Only peaks that are above the 95% power level boundary are reported. All data refers to the post-processing of pressure signal recorded at x/L 1.0, 2y/W 0.0, z/D 0.0, i.e. cavity rear face at the symmetry plane. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-cfd-simulations-reference-environmental-conditions-bvm3n89t.png Table 3. CFD simulations reference environmental conditions. https://scispace.com/papers/we-dissect-stupidity-and-respond-to-it-response-videos-and-wqvb1eie57 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-comment-metrics-on-sample-response-video-and-its-phees67e.png Table 3: Comment Metrics on Sample Response Video and its Target https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-likes-to-dislikes-ratio-on-response-video-and-14fmyqo3.png Table 2: Likes to Dislikes Ratio on Response Video and Targeted Video https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-videos-in-the-corpus-36f9hc3s.png Table 1: Videos in the Corpus https://scispace.com/papers/weak-versus-strong-dominance-of-shrinkage-estimators-1dqn67p979 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-comparison-of-silly-versus-ml-left-and-james-stein-1tmfgz7s.png Figure 1: Comparison of silly versus ML (left) and James Stein versus ML (right) estimators https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-joint-versus-separate-thompson-estimator-for-p-10-2uwqe4qx.png Figure 6: Joint versus separate Thompson estimator for p = 10: average of eigenvalues https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-joint-versus-separate-thompson-estimator-for-p-10-15jxe0yb.png Figure 7: Joint versus separate Thompson estimator for p = 10: largest eigenvalue https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-james-stein-versus-thompson-class-estimators-12fq26i6.png Figure 4: James Stein versus Thompson class estimators: average of eigenvalues https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-james-stein-versus-thompson-class-estimators-h0kbbh4m.png Figure 5: James Stein versus Thompson class estimators: largest eigenvalue https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-thompson-class-eigenvalues-for-p-5-3dw697in.png Figure 3: Thompson class eigenvalues for p = 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-james-stein-class-eigenvalues-for-p-5-16z3uvqs.png Figure 2: James Stein class eigenvalues for p = 5 https://scispace.com/papers/wear-modes-in-open-porosity-titanium-matrix-composites-with-ytfefs2v65 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-punch-compression-recovery-rates-during-sps-and-the-1rnrlvu2.png Table 1. Punch compression/recovery rates during SPS and the measured and relative density of the SPS materials. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-a-sps-processing-parameters-and-b-densification-31924tlp.png Fig. 2. (a) SPS processing parameters and (b) densification behavior during the SPS process. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-numerical-results-from-nanoindentation-testing-of-2ji1ht5k.png Table 3. Numerical results from nanoindentation testing of TiC-F, TiC3, TiC10 and TiC30. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-nanoindentation-loading-unloading-curves-for-tic-f-tic-1dcqkus6.png Fig. 6. Nanoindentation loading/unloading curves for TiC-F, TiC 3, TiC10 and TiC30 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-x-ray-diffraction-patterns-of-the-sps-ti-matrix-cbkmyvo4.png Fig. 3. X-ray diffraction patterns of the SPS Ti matrix composites. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-nanoindentation-microhardness-and-density-as-a-12abgum3.png Fig. 5. Nanoindentation, microhardness, and density as a function of the TiC content in particle-reinforced Ti matrix composites after SPS. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-micrograph-of-the-al2o3-ball-surface-after-zs4y4m6l.png Fig. 9. Micrograph of the Al2O3 ball surface, after reciprocating testing against: (a) TiC-F, (b) TiC3, (c) TiC10 and (d) TiC30 for 1800 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-sem-images-of-the-starting-powders-a-c-p-ti-spheres-b-1d4x5txp.png Fig. 1. SEM images of the starting powders: (a) C.P. Ti spheres, (b) TiH2 irregular particles and (c) TiC powder. https://scispace.com/papers/web-based-energy-information-systems-for-energy-management-2dv30945rp 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-4-visualization-features-2yqyvdoh.png Table 4-4. Visualization Features https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-6-end-user-costs-of-varying-levels-of-eis-xenergy-375n2asd.png Table 4-6. End-User Costs of Varying Levels of EIS (Xenergy and Nexant, 2002) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-3-metering-and-connectivity-htab7nzf.png Table 4-3. Metering and Connectivity https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1-typical-architecture-of-an-eis-9qbmqwn4.png Figure 1-1. Typical Architecture of an EIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2-metering-systems-classification-levy-2001-1kjx7odt.png Table 4-2. Metering Systems Classification (Levy, 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-7-technology-layers-of-eis-whppz519.png Figure 2-7. Technology Layers of EIS https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-2-feature-summary-of-each-eis-type-3h6fh8ok.png Table 2-2. Feature Summary of Each EIS Type https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-1-common-features-of-eis-fuchqi1a.png Table 2-1. Common Features of EIS https://scispace.com/papers/well-dressed-states-for-wave-packet-dynamics-in-cavity-qed-22q47zsg32 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-evolution-ofpe-t-for-three-different-initial-c-m-wave-nihgjj1e.png FIG. 5. Evolution ofPe(t) for three different initial c.m. wave packets in the n51 manifold with ma5133 amu. In ~a! g0/2p520 MHz and R151310 24, while in ~b! and ~c! g0/2p51 MHz so thatR152310 23. Insets showf 0(z) ~solid line! for the q51 state in~a!,~b! andq52 in ~c!, and the~normalized! dressed-state potentialsV6 ~dashed lines!. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-decomposition-of-the-statesq51-dashed-and-q52-solid-of-1d0r85na.png FIG. 6. Decomposition of the statesq51 ~dashed! and q52 ~solid! of Fig. 3 in terms of the 30 bound states$fp(z)% of V6 as is relevant to the parameters of Figs. 5~b! and 5~c!. We plotucpu2 from Eq. ~13! as a function of bound statep. In both cases, (pucpu2.98%. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-dependence-ofpe-t-on-the-ratiorn-is-illustrated-a-3c98c2cb.png FIG. 7. The dependence ofPe(t) on the ratioRn is illustrated. ~a! Evolution ofPe(t); here,R151310 24, with ma5133 amu and g0/2p520 MHz as appropriate to theD2 line in cesium at 852 nm In ~b! R152310 22 with g0/2p52.5 MHz andma54 amu for the transition at 1.083mm in He* . https://scispace.com/papers/western-boundary-currents-and-frontal-air-sea-interaction-2h8s7xkkh3 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-air-sea-fluxes-during-the-climode-cruise-top-relative-t4msooqo.png FIG. 4. Air–sea fluxes during the CLIMODE cruise. (top) Relative locations of the three platforms used to estimate surface fluxes during the 2006 field program: the Research Vessel (R/V) Atlantis, a drifting Air–Sea Interaction Spar (ASIS) buoy, and a moored (discus) buoy. (middle) Time series of air and sea surface temperature from the ship and ASIS during the transects shown in the top panel. (bottom) Direct covariance and bulk estimates of the buoyancy fluxes. From The CLIMODE Group (2009). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-monthly-paths-of-the-kuroshio-extension-derived-from-2cb7srfa.png FIG. 10. Monthly paths of the Kuroshio Extension derived from altimetric sea surface height. The path was defined at each time and longitude as the location of the maximum meridional gradient of SSH. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-relationship-of-path-stability-and-jet-strength-for-1j95o0oq.png FIG. 14. Relationship of path stability and jet strength for (top) KE and (bottom) GS. Index of surface transport (solid), repeated from Fig. 12 for KE and GS, respectively. Index of zonally averaged path stability (dash). Path stability is the standard deviation of the path latitude over a 3-month period and is negatively correlated with the SSH difference across the jet (surface transport) for both WBCs: r 5 20.65 (20.47) for the GS (KE), which is significant at the 99% level. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-variability-and-topography-of-the-western-boundary-3ehy87v2.png FIG. 1. Variability and topography of the western boundary currents. North Pacific (a) bottom topography, (b) standard deviation of weekly sea surface height, and (c) standard deviation of daily wintertime (January–March) turbulent heat flux. (d),(e),(f) As in (a),(b),(c), but for the North Atlantic. Mean dynamic height from Maximenko and Niiler (2004) overlaid in white on all panels. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-climatological-mean-november-march-surface-wind-279q3hkw.png FIG. 5. Climatological mean November–March surface wind overlaid on surface skin minus air temperature in the (left) KE and (right) GS regions. Climatological fields are from the NCEP–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis (Kalnay et al. 1996). Temperature differences are in degrees Celsius. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-atmospheric-boundary-layer-depth-over-the-gs-region-26ut8h5w.png FIG. 6. Atmospheric boundary layer depth over the GS region during a CLIMODE cruise on R/V Knorr, 2–22 Mar 2007. Along-track SST (solid line) and marine atmospheric boundary layer depth (*). The cruise track begins at Bermuda, heads northward to Cape Cod (the lowest SST is at day 67), and then backtracks to follow the GS from about 708 to 508W and back. Boundary layer height was estimated from radiosonde soundings and wind profiler reflectivity (Brown and Edson 2009). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-monthly-path-indices-for-the-a-kuroshio-extension-and-1hxxjgwj.png FIG. 13. Monthly path indices for the (a) Kuroshio Extension and the (b) Gulf Stream. Path from altimeter (dashed) from Figs. 12a,c, and T200 from hydrographic data (bold) after Joyce et al. (2000, 2009). Thin line in (a) is the SST index from Qiu et al. (2007). Shaded areas are the monthly indices of (a) PDO and (b) NAO [from the U.K. Climatic Research Unit (CRU) station]. All indices are normalized by their standard deviations and are filtered to retain variability with periods longer than 1 yr. Only the most recent part of a 50-yr record is shown to allow comparisons of the various indices. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-17-heat-storage-rate-for-the-western-boundary-current-37vanvne.png FIG. 17. Heat storage rate for the western boundary current regions in the upper 800 m; (a) GS and (b) KE. Heat storage rate (black), net surface heat flux (red), advection/diffusion (blue dashed), and Ekman pumping (green). Adapted from Vivier et al. (2002) and Dong and Kelly (2004). https://scispace.com/papers/welfare-impacts-of-rural-electrification-a-case-study-from-4pvg0bu8wo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-12-impacts-of-household-electrification-duration-on-z6wg1l7u.png Table 12: Impacts of household electrification duration on income https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-the-sample-hrjz55b0.png Table 1: Distribution of the sample https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-extent-of-electrification-in-rural-bangladesh-2m6ktm58.png Table 2: Extent of electrification in rural Bangladesh https://scispace.com/figures/table-13-estimates-of-differential-electrification-benefits-2w9g9bag.png Table 13: Estimates of differential electrification benefits for land-rich and land-poor households https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-long-term-relationship-of-household-outcome-and-3kja5pxp.png Figure 1: Long-term relationship of household outcome and duration of electricity https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-summary-statistics-of-electricity-access-and-major-2qplenva.png Table 6: Summary statistics of electricity access and (major) explanatory variables used regression estimates (N=20,901) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-probit-estimates-of-households-access-to-electricity-2ft5q1un.png Table 7: Probit estimates of household’s access to electricity https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-impacts-of-household-electrification-psm-estimates-1keh19q9.png Table 8: Impacts of household electrification (PSM estimates) https://scispace.com/papers/wet-and-cold-climate-conditions-recorded-by-coral-t04n7kprnn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-reconstructed-sst-solid-line-with-the-11ia2li0.png Figure 5. Comparison of reconstructed SST (solid line) with the (a) residual https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-sst-solid-line-and-a-composite-3f21sj7g.png Figure 4. Comparison of SST (solid line) and a composite temperature anomaly record (line with black dots) established by combining ice cores, tree rings, lake sediments, and historical documents over the late Eastern Han to Western Jin periods. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-power-spectra-of-a-sst-and-b-18-osw-from-coral-p6fhid89.png Figure 6. Power spectra of (a) SST and (b) 18 Osw from coral records calculated using the software PAST (Hammer et al., 2001). The numbers indicate the possible periodicities. The horizontal bars indicate the bandwidths, and the dashed lines indicate the 90% and 80% confidence levels. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-comparison-between-18-osw-thin-line-reconstructed-16thl696.png Figure 7. Comparison between 18 Osw (thin line; reconstructed from the paired coral Sr/Ca and 18 O) and the stalagmite 18 O record from northern China (thick line). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-temporal-variations-of-sst-inferred-from-coral-a-sr-e32m8259.png Figure 2. Temporal variations of SST inferred from coral (a) Sr/Ca (dots) and (b) δ 18 Osw (diamonds) reconstructed from paired coral Sr/Ca and δ 18 O during the late Eastern Han, Three Kingdoms, and Western Jin periods. Black horizontal lines indicate the averages of SST and δ 18 Osw for different periods. https://scispace.com/papers/wetting-behaviors-and-interfacial-properties-of-sac300-1ez9w5vuwi 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-time-dependence-of-the-contact-angle-of-molten-pb-3bp46w7d.png Figure 1. Time dependence of the contact angle of molten Pb-free solder alloys on Cu substrate at various temperatures for (a) SAC300, (b) SAC305 and (c) SAC0307 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-chemical-composition-of-pb-free-solder-alloys-wt-ktbfdhv0.png Table 1. Chemical composition of Pb-free solder alloys (wt.%) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-equilibrium-contact-angles-of-sac305-pb-free-o74qac50.png Table 2. The equilibrium contact angles of SAC305 Pb-free solder alloy on Cu substrate at each temperature https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-dsc-analysis-results-of-sac300-sac0307-and-sac305-3b94pk40.png Figure 2. DSC analysis results of SAC300, SAC0307 and SAC305 alloys https://scispace.com/papers/wet-chemical-deposition-of-transparent-conducting-coatings-2y5bpbgkdj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-schematic-illustration-of-the-air-flow-conditions-1zjua1fe.png Fig. 6. Schematic illustration of the air flow conditions during conventional dip coating of(a) lat substrates and(b) tubes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-experimental-set-up-for-the-dip-coating-of-tubes-with-2tvm6vjn.png Fig. 1. Experimental set-up for the dip coating of tubes with an internal exhausting pipe and a temperature controlled vessel. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-photograph-of-an-ato-antistatic-coated-upper-and-an-2r0mq6v4.png Fig. 8. Photograph of an ATO antistatic-coated(upper) and an uncoated glass tube(lower) with polystyrene beads. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-thicknessd-and-average-roughnessr-of-conventionally-1igfr440.png Fig. 2. Thicknessd and average roughnessR of conventionally dip coated ATO coatings on tubes with an inner diameter of 11 mm.a https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-sem-images-of-ato-coatings-deposited-by-conventional-1xf11pyf.png Fig. 3. SEM images of ATO coatings deposited by conventional dip coating(left) and under forced flow conditions(right) on the outer(upper) and inner side(middle) of glass tubes(inner diameter 11 mm) and on flat substrates(lower). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-thermographical-images-of-a-borosilicate-glass-tube-2yvoesxu.png Fig. 4. Thermographical images of a borosilicate glass tube(inner diameter 11 mm) during (a) conventional dip coating and(b) under forced flow conditions.ts0 s corresponds to the beginning withdrawal. https://scispace.com/papers/wetware-hardware-or-software-incapacitation-observational-473qxzygoh 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-gth-by-subject-and-segment-232lci99.png Figure 5. ΓΘ by Subject and Segment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-gth-by-segment-3s6bskc5.png Figure 6. ΓΘ by Segment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-difference-in-gth-by-adaptation-time-211ued77.png Figure 7. Difference in ΓΘ by Adaptation Time https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-top-graph-longitudinal-flight-director-command-3cxpcz5v.png Figure 1. Top Graph: Longitudinal Flight Director Command Input https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gth-by-subject-13hvmxgd.png Figure 2. ΓΘ by Subject https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-gth-by-subject-with-groupings-h1qy79fz.png Figure 4. ΓΘ by Subject with Groupings https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-gth-by-z-and-t-3dz862rv.png Figure 3. ΓΘ by ζ and τ https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-the-benefits-of-data-sharing-uniting-supply-chain-3j0yhfcmd2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-development-of-interfaces-has-enabled-more-1kfa5038.png Figure 2 The development of interfaces has enabled more benefits for companies https://scispace.com/papers/what-are-the-new-implications-of-chaos-for-unpredictability-3ezv98ef4b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-histogram-and-b-natural-measure-of-the-logistic-2y17v41z.png Figure 1: (a) histogram and (b) natural measure of the logistic map for α ≈ 3.6785 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-behaviour-of-the-logistic-map-for-a-4-2u3h53rh.png Figure 3: behaviour of the logistic map for α = 4 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-numerical-solution-of-the-lorenz-equations-for-s-10-2gbxnwug.png Figure 2: Numerical solution of the Lorenz equations for σ = 10, r = 28, b = 8/3 https://scispace.com/papers/what-can-cross-cultural-correlations-teach-us-about-human-4j1tgvukhs 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-of-aggregated-relationship-between-219uyhf6.png Figure 2: Example of aggregated relationship between proportion of migrants and literacy rates at state level with simulated data. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-three-levels-at-which-hypotheses-can-be-analyzed-1rl83exm.png Figure 1. Three levels at which hypotheses can be analyzed: between groups, between individuals within groups, and within individuals over time. Note: Interactions between levels might exist as well; for instance, if the differences between individuals, or the developmental trajectories of individuals, differ between groups. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-simpsons-paradox-within-each-group-3a5eujkj.png Figure 4: Illustration of Simpson’s paradox. Within each group the association between X and Y is positive. However, at aggregate level the relationship is reversed. Solid lines are Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression for each subgroup; dashed lines represent OLS fit and 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-relationship-between-migrant-status-and-literacy-1i1hufft.png Figure 3: Relationship between migrant status and literacy scores within three hypothetical states (simulated data; proportion of .02; .10 and .28 from Figure 2). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. https://scispace.com/papers/what-do-federal-district-judges-want-an-analysis-of-1yf111sy98 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-affirmance-rate-3trh6k3v.png Table 3: Affirmance Rate https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-positive-citations-1bzqh9o7.png Table 4: Positive Citations https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-gender-and-race-1d2zrt60.png Table 5: Gender and Race https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-publications-per-case-2619i57s.png Table 2: Publications Per Case https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-district-judges-by-circuit-1cayxx90.png Table 1: District Judges By Circuit https://scispace.com/papers/what-cost-the-price-of-a-good-send-off-the-challenges-for-2mdo3se874 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-funeral-payment-statistics-22rcycv7.png Figure 1: Funeral Payment Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-uk-annual-death-rates-1duna5b2.png Figure 2: UK Annual Death Rates https://scispace.com/papers/what-do-instrumental-variable-models-deliver-with-discrete-3jtokm94qx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-identi-ed-set-for-0-1-when-probability-2q98v42j.png Figure 4: Identi ed set for ( 0; 1) when probability distributions of (Y1; Y2) conditional on Z = z 2 f 1; 0; 1g are generated by the triangular Gaussian structure with = = 0, = 1, r = 0:7, = 1:2. 2SLS and OLS estimands are plotted for 500 random distributions of Z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-identi-ed-set-for-0-1-when-probability-3jt9pviv.png Figure 9: Identi ed set for ( 0; 1) when probability distributions of (Y1; Y2) conditional on Z = z 2 f 1; 0; 1g are generated by the triangular Gaussian structure with = = 0, = 1, r = +0:7, = 1:2. 2SLS and OLS estimands are plotted for 500 random distributions of Z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-conditional-distribution-functions-of-u-given-y2-2zzh826v.png Figure 13: Conditional distribution functions of U given Y2 (righthand pane) associated with the highlighted value of ( 0; 1) in the estimated identi ed set (left hand pane) obtained with the Angrist and Evans (1998) data and the same-sex instrument. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-identi-ed-set-for-0-1-when-probability-zw5ylxdk.png Figure 5: Identi ed set for ( 0; 1) when probability distributions of (Y1; Y2) conditional on Z = z 2 f 1; 0; 1g are generated by the triangular Gaussian structure with = = 0, = 1, r = 0:7, = 1:5. 2SLS and OLS estimands are plotted for 500 random distributions of Z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-identi-ed-set-for-0-1-when-probability-1n75ano9.png Figure 8: Identi ed set for ( 0; 1) when probability distributions of (Y1; Y2) conditional on Z = z 2 f 1; 0; 1g are generated by the triangular Gaussian structure with = = 0, = 1, r = +0:7, = 0:9. 2SLS and OLS estimands are plotted for 500 random distributions of Z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-conditional-distribution-functions-of-u-given-y2-2531friq.png Figure 12: Conditional distribution functions of U given Y2 (righthand pane) associated with the highlighted value of ( 0; 1) in the estimated identi ed set (left hand pane) obtained with the Angrist and Evans (1998) data and the same-sex instrument. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-identi-ed-set-for-0-1-when-probability-2aop34dm.png Figure 1: Identi ed set for ( 0; 1) when probability distributions of (Y1; Y2) conditional on Z = z 2 f 1; 0; 1g are generated by the triangular Gaussian structure with = = 0, = 1, r = 0:7, = 0:3. 2SLS and OLS estimands are plotted for 500 random distributions of Z. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-conditional-distribution-functions-of-u-given-y2-1ewvjxrj.png Figure 16: Conditional distribution functions of U given Y2 (righthand pane) associated with the highlighted value of ( 0; 1) in the estimated identi ed set (left hand pane) obtained with the Angrist and Evans (1998) data and the same-sex instrument. https://scispace.com/papers/what-controls-the-spatio-temporal-distribution-of-d-excess-3ntm6e6bx4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-precipitation17o-excess-simulated-by-lmdz-compared-1mrtz2zh.png Table 2.Precipitation17O-excess simulated by LMDZ, compared to various additional measurements done at LSCE. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-lgm-minus-present-day-difference-in-precipitationd18o-1c0vsik9.png Fig. 7. LGM minus present-day difference in precipitationδ18O, d-excess and17O-excess in Antarctica observed in ice cores (colored circles) and simulated (shaded) by LMDZ over Antarctica. Numerical values are given in table 3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-summary-of-the-main-processes-explaining-the-main-2cvtkxyw.png Table 5.Summary of the main processes explaining the main features of theδ18O, d-excess and17O-excess spatio-temporal distribution in the LMDZ model, as a function of latitude. The physical meaning of these processes are detailed in Sect.4. Mixing refers to mixing of water vapor of different origins. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-lgm-minus-present-day-difference-in-27wkcn11.png Table 3.LGM minus present-day difference in precipitationδ18O, d-excess and17O-excess in Antarctica observed in ice cores and simulated by LMDZ. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-slopes-of-d-excess-and17o-excess-as-a-function-ofrhs-27b8s2nw.png Table 4. Slopes of d-excess and17O-excess as a function ofRHs. For the data, the slopes correspond to the regression lines shown in red in Fig.1e, f. For LMDZ and theMerlivat and Jouzel(1979) closure equation, the “total” slope corresponds to the regression lines shown in blue and green in Fig.1e, f. The “RHs effect” is calculated by the difference between the “total” slope and the slope that we would obtain if RHs was set to 60 % everywhere (RHscste simulation for LMDZ). The “SST effect” is calculated by the difference between the slope that we would obtain if RHs was set to 60 % everywhere, and the slope that we would obtain if RHs was set to 60 % everywhere and if SST was set to 15◦C everywhere (RHsSSTcste simulation for LMDZ). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-c-mposites-of-precipitati-nd18o-d-excess-nd17o-excess-10uvy26d.png Fig. 6. C mposites of precipitati nδ18O, d-excess nd17O-excess as a functi n of precipit tion, in the control simulation of LMDZ, in a test in whichφ = 0, and in observations. Precipitation range was divided into five bins for the composites. Error bars represent the standard deviation within each bin divided by the square root of the number of samples in the bin. LMDZ outputs were collocated with the GNIP observations they are compared with. All GNIP observations in oceanic or coastal stations (altitude lower than 20 m) in the tropics (equatorward of 30◦) are used. No17O-excess data are shown due to the lack of data. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-10-same-as-fig-8-but-for-lgm-pd-difference-when-the-3m8v7zwk.png Fig. 10.Same as Fig.8, but for LGM-PD difference. When the black line is positive, theδ18O , d-excess or17O -excess values are higher in LGM than in PD. When the colored curves are of the same sign as the black curves, then the corresponding process contributes positively to the total LGM-PD signal. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-zonal-mean-of-simulated-d-excess-a-and17o-excess-b-in-p5wemrqy.png Fig. 2. Zonal mean of simulated d-excess(a) and17O-excess(b) in water vapor as a function of latitude and altitude in the Southern Hemisphere. https://scispace.com/papers/what-drives-firm-profitability-a-comparison-of-the-us-and-eu-3radi4xjim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-key-indicators-us-and-eu-food-processing-industry-2aqf553t.png Table 1. Key indicators US and EU food processing industry (2011) https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-dynamic-panel-model-estimation-results-13v57ry3.png Table 3. Dynamic panel model estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-descriptive-statistics-of-firm-and-industry-2cevzjgi.png Table 2. Descriptive statistics of firm and industry characteristics https://scispace.com/papers/what-does-a-binary-black-hole-merger-look-like-2lqn9v207x 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-pair-of-black-holes-that-are-about-to-merge-with-the-1zwh53c4.png FIG. 1. A pair of black holes that are about to merge, with the Milky Way visible in the background. Supplementary images and movies can be found at [14]. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-geodesic-trajectories-plotted-in-relation-to-the-black-2cec3nr9.png FIG. 8. Geodesic trajectories plotted in relation to the black hole event horizons during the lensing evolution for figure 7. Each frame shows a snapshot in time, with the dots representing the current positions of the geodesics, and the lines indicating the trajectories from the camera. The solid and dashed lines indicate whether the geodesics originate from infinity or from a black hole, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-the-same-system-as-figure-6-viewed-such-that-the-y9qppj5i.png FIG. 7. The same system as figure 6, viewed such that the orbital angular momentum of the system is pointing up. Note that the grid lines in the inset are shown in gray here to distinguish them from the black hole shadows. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-plots-identifying-the-origins-of-photons-along-the-2kb2x8i7.png FIG. 9. Plots identifying the origins of photons along the horizontal line through the center of figure 7. Photons coming from infinity are labeled ∞, and the shadows are labeled either BH 1 or BH 2. The first plot corresponds to the main portion of figure 7. The second plot focuses on the zoomed square in the inset of figure 7, showing a small feature of the first plot. The third plot zooms to a similar feature of the second plot. This figure demonstrates a striking self-similarity of the lensing structure of a binary black hole system. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-another-view-of-the-bbh-in-figure-11-but-with-orbital-31y8pjkn.png FIG. 12. Another view of the BBH in figure 11, but with orbital angular momentum pointing up. The camera parameters are otherwise identical. This figure is analogous to figure 7; however, because of the asymmetry from the black hole spins, the larger black hole’s shadow is not lensed completely around the small black hole. https://scispace.com/papers/what-explains-the-uneven-take-up-of-iso-14001-at-the-global-4zwgrjq29z 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimated-short-term-or-instantaneous-percentage-309u6qlc.png Table 6 Estimated short-term or instantaneous percentage increase in ISO 14001 take-up following a one standard deviation increase in an independent variable https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regional-share-of-iso-14001-certifications-in-2001-1bqvq8fy.png Table 1 Regional share of ISO 14001 certifications (in 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-top-ten-countries-by-certification-count-in-2001-ib27fp4f.png Table 2 Top ten countries by certification count (in 2001) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-estimation-results-3dcnnysh.png Table 5 Estimation results https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-variable-information-2czbyb9d.png Table 3 Descriptive variable information https://scispace.com/papers/what-influences-reflective-interaction-in-distance-peer-14hacd07cv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-vii-pattern-of-form-focussed-messages-used-on-1v5ztsdn.png TABLE VII. Pattern of form-focussed messages used on Simuligne conference. A gradation of dark grey to lighter grey to white is used to indicate a decreasing volume of form-focussed messages https://scispace.com/figures/table-xi-ms-performance-throughout-the-study-compared-with-wn5699w2.png TABLE XI. M’s performance throughout the study compared with the other subjects, expressed in percentage of total messages contributed per individual https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-characteristics-of-the-three-projects-under-1regg0st.png TABLE I. Characteristics of the three projects under investigation https://scispace.com/figures/table-v-timing-and-content-of-the-phases-of-simuligne-1wvlxwg7.png TABLE V: Timing and content of the phases of Simuligne https://scispace.com/figures/table-vi-message-distribution-per-learner-in-simuligne-3r4h6e5i.png TABLE VI. Message distribution per learner in Simuligne https://scispace.com/figures/table-x-form-focused-messages-expressed-as-a-percentage-of-d1osoe15.png TABLE X. Form-focused messages expressed as a percentage of total messages, per project per learner https://scispace.com/figures/table-ii-number-of-messages-produced-by-each-learner-3oglaj69.png TABLE II. Number of messages produced by each learner https://scispace.com/figures/table-iii-example-from-the-simuligne-corpus-using-the-3ryd61mg.png TABLE III. Example from the Simuligne corpus, using the Varonis and Gass analytical model https://scispace.com/papers/what-happens-when-agent-t-gets-a-computer-1uyltpoyky 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-if-wages-determine-computer-technology-adoption-all-29fze1qd.png Fig. 2. If wages determine computer technology adoption, all workers gain from computer use and wage inequality levels off if everybody has adopted. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-if-skills-determine-computer-technology-adoption-the-1xz2wkqp.png Fig. 1. If skills determine computer technology adoption, the profits of using a computer are increasing in skill and induce ever increasing wage inequality. https://scispace.com/papers/what-influences-selection-of-native-phosphorelay-j6uzoggyim 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-comparative-results-for-the-various-physiological-36giyoip.png Table 2 – Comparative results for the various physiological variables. Dark green indicate best performance. Dark yellow indicates worst performance. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-physiological-variables-used-as-proxy-for-1169sbf7.png Table 1 – Physiological variables used as proxy for performance in signal transduction circuit. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-observed-native-architectures-and-predictions-of-3qgbpezs.png Table 3 – Observed native architectures and predictions of where in parameter space their observation is expected. https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-lampf-ii-y9w0fw4qev 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-i-2zqqninp.png TABLE I https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-price-of-tea-in-china-goods-prices-and-4kc2hsezdj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-regions-included-in-nielsen-sales-data-and-scraped-5bniyoh1.png Figure 1: Regions included in Nielsen Sales Data and Scraped Price Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-sales-prediction-3qpja5yo.png Table 2: Summary of Sales Prediction https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-price-and-price-markup-regressions-for-china-gd-0-50-gg7uuc89.png Table 4: Price and Price/Markup Regressions for China (γd = 0.50) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-of-the-united-states-and-chinas-2vk31b7y.png Table 1: Summary Statistics of the United States and China’s Cities https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-summary-of-exact-price-index-by-goods-china-relative-fb9qprnj.png Table 7: Summary of Exact Price Index by Goods (China relative to the U.S.) Using Shanghai relative to New York as the Benchmark Comparison https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-price-regressions-for-consumer-goods-united-states-y0eublwg.png Table 3: Price Regressions for Consumer Goods, United States and China https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-firm-share-regression-for-china-8g052kee.png Table 5: Firm Share Regression for China https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-number-of-retail-chains-in-the-u-s-and-china-lowess-3ky2gx21.png Figure 2: Number of Retail Chains in the U.S. and China (LOWESS smoothing) https://scispace.com/papers/what-is-the-proportion-of-studies-reporting-patient-and-3va1z9w6a1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-population-of-interest-with-identifiers-2zsovrf0.png Table 4. Population of interest with identifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-intervention-types-with-identifiers-3nkm89t0.png Table 2. Intervention types with identifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-study-types-with-identifiers-2zdhc4je.png Table 3. Study types with identifiers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-study-characteristics-and-reporting-indicators-2ejcma12.png Table 1. Study characteristics and reporting indicators. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-results-of-regression-models-for-effect-size-patient-2oqzvp9s.png Table 5. Results of regression models for effect size, patient and practitioner satisfaction https://scispace.com/papers/what-makes-students-satisfied-a-discussion-and-analysis-of-13bwr98g3f 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-average-nss-scores-by-subject-area-based-on-overall-1g1yxre3.png Table 1: Average NSS Scores by Subject Area based on Overall Satisfaction https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-average-nss-scores-by-subject-area-based-on-2foga425.png Table 2: Average NSS Scores by Subject Area based on Percentage Satisfied https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-which-individual-areas-drive-overall-satisfaction-2hv154cx.png Table 6: Which Individual Areas Drive Overall Satisfaction? https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-correlation-between-sub-categories-percent-satisfied-3awmn807.png Table 5: Correlation between Sub-Categories – Percent Satisfied https://scispace.com/figures/table-10-average-over-all-courses-and-institutions-of-the-595bi1ri.png Table 10: Average over all Courses and Institutions of the Standard Deviation over time in Actual and Synthetic Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-an-analysis-of-the-component-and-overall-1z3jz2xj.png Table 9: An Analysis of the Component and Overall Satisfaction Scores for the Biggest Changes between the Actual and Synthetic Overall Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-correlation-between-sub-categories-average-1-5-313bu48z.png Table 4: Correlation between Sub-Categories – Average (1-5) Scores https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-summary-statistics-of-synthetic-overall-responses-3q9fe03t.png Table 8: Summary Statistics of Synthetic Overall Responses Compared with Actual Values https://scispace.com/papers/what-the-f-k-an-acoustic-pragmatic-analysis-of-implicated-5d1h464ejx 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-box-plot-of-durations-by-pragmatic-category-for-21mpj34b.png Figure 4: Box plot of /ᴧ/ durations by pragmatic category for both speakers https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-token-productions-per-variant-in-the-wire-1y79c1wk.png Table 1: Number of token productions per variant in The Wire scene https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-vowel-formant-plot-of-f1-and-f2-values-of-for-5u807xlw.png Figure 3: Vowel formant plot of F1 and F2 values of /ᴧ/ for Detective McNulty https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-summary-of-vowel-durations-for-both-speakers-8tr8hnvg.png Table 3: Summary of vowel durations for both speakers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-types-of-fuck-productions-across-speakers-1anx2w5d.png Figure 1: Types of fuck productions across speakers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-box-plot-of-durations-across-speakers-broken-into-1cgoiroq.png Figure 5: Box plot of /ᴧ/ durations across speakers, broken into two pragmatic categories (1) unexpected and (2) intended https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-summary-of-vowel-formants-for-both-speakers-fb3lbgdn.png Table 2: Summary of vowel formants for both speakers https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-vowel-formant-plot-of-f1-and-f2-values-of-for-both-p7edzs11.png Figure 2: Vowel formant plot of F1 and F2 values of /ᴧ/ for both speakers https://scispace.com/papers/what-s-fair-preferences-for-tax-progressivity-in-the-wake-of-40ikkvupiz 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-change-in-preferences-for-tax-1cg9yti0.png Table 3: Determinants of Change in Preferences for Tax Progressivity 1999–2009 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-marginal-effects-of-different-fairness-dimensions-2dmjkoi1.png Figure 2: Marginal Effects of Different Fairness Dimensions https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-average-gdp-growth-rates-of-countries-in-the-sample-3cdia81n.png Figure 1: Average GDP Growth Rates of Countries in the Sample, 1990-2014 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-top-pit-rate-2000-2016-v1vn21um.png Figure 3: Top PIT Rate, 2000-2016 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-multilevel-models-for-tax-progressivity-1ogju9cc.png Table 1: Results Multilevel Models for Tax Progressivity https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-results-multilevel-models-for-tax-progressivity-in-2xn2kubk.png Table 2: Results Multilevel Models for Tax Progressivity in 2009 and 1999 https://scispace.com/papers/what-the-future-holds-and-when-a-description-experience-gap-3q8rmkia83 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-posterior-group-level-means-95-credible-intervals-in-b662saf8.png Table 2 Posterior Group-Level Means (95% Credible Intervals in Squared Brackets) for the RDDU Parameters and Their Differences Between the Learning Mode Conditions in Study 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-results-of-the-mixed-effects-logistic-regression-in-3617oegy.png Table 1 Results of the Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression in Study 1. Interaction and Simple Effects of Learning Mode, Reward Size, and Expected Delay on Choices of the Sure-Timing Option https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-a-description-experience-gap-in-intertemporal-3cpwa8ky.png Figure 6. A description‒experience gap in intertemporal choice in Study 2. Bars show the observed choice proportions. Error bars show 95% credible intervals derived from the posterior prediction of the mixed-effects logistic regression. Dots show the posterior predictive checks (i.e., choice probabilities derived from the posterior distributions) of the additive RDDU model. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-posterior-group-level-means-95-credible-intervals-in-ve576999.png Table 6 Posterior Group-Level Means (95% Credible Intervals in Squared Brackets) for the Differences Between the Learning Mode Conditions in the Parameters of the Additive RDDU Model https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-posterior-group-level-means-95-credible-intervals-in-1fvwqic4.png Table 5 Posterior Group-Level Means (95% Credible Intervals in Squared Brackets) for the Parameters of the Additive RDDU Model https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-individual-and-group-level-probability-weighting-p9kgf0s6.png Figure 7. Individual- and group-level probability-weighting functions (in gray and black, respectively) in Study 2. w(p): probability weighting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-the-design-matrix-of-study-2-regarding-possible-tvu79mkn.png Table 3 The Design Matrix of Study 2 Regarding Possible Delays and Associated Probabilities. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-graphical-illustration-of-the-bayesian-3ec5w6iw.png Figure 2. A graphical illustration of the Bayesian implementation of the additive rank-dependent discounted utility model (RDDU). In the model, choice of the sure-timing option or the timing lottery (ri,j) is a Bernoulli random variable governed by the probability of choosing the timing lottery . This probability is determined by the additive RDDU model and is partly determined https://scispace.com/papers/wheat-is-an-emerging-exposure-route-for-arsenic-in-bihar-3raqd76nak 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-wheat-based-food-consumption-in-rural-bihar-mean-sd-1oh44age.png Table 4: Wheat-based food consumption in rural Bihar (mean ± SD) 222 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sampling-location-of-households-surveyed-in-bihar-z5pylo3o.png Figure 1: Sampling location of households surveyed in Bihar, India 102 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-weighted-mean-and-sd-of-as-concentrations-in-wheat-a0n8qx20.png Figure 2: Weighted mean and SD of As concentrations in wheat grains using 27 published 168 studies 169 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-comparison-of-mean-wheat-intake-in-different-studies-1hexqfbm.png Table 5: Comparison of mean wheat intake in different studies 224 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-household-processing-for-preparation-of-indian-1waeziqx.png Figure 4: Household processing for preparation of Indian Bread (Chapati or Roti) 220 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-cumulative-probability-distributions-of-gender-7l4sgs16.png Figure 5: Cumulative probability distributions of gender adjusted excess lifetime cancer risk 263 from wheat intake for the studied population. 264 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-concentrations-of-as-and-other-elements-in-the-crm-37duic3j.png Table 1. Concentrations of As and other elements in the CRM and percentage variation in 154 replicates analysed 155 156 https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-inorganic-as-content-in-wheat-252-2yx84kjh.png Table 7: Inorganic As content in wheat 252 https://scispace.com/papers/wheel-rail-contact-experimental-study-of-the-creep-forces-2la4xp7dj7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-theoretical-experimental-comparison-of-a-the-1x3zujnt.png Figure 2. Theoretical-experimental comparison of a)the longitudinal contact force and b) the non-dimensionalized tangential force vs. longitudinal creepage. Fz = 2.1kN, Ω=500rpm, μ=0.6. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-theoretical-experimental-comparison-of-the-2svml3g0.png Figure 6. Theoretical-experimental comparison of the longitudinal contact force vs. longitudinal creepage for two different angular velocities: 375 rpm and 500 rpm. Fz = 2.39kN. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-worn-roller-surface-after-sand-test-3n9vtqpt.png Figure 13. Worn roller surface after sand test. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-example-of-track-infrastructure-covered-by-sand-in-2pvue8zd.png Figure 10. Example of track infrastructure covered by sand in China, [9] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-theoretical-experimental-comparison-of-a-the-3vaf0ynn.png Figure 9. Theoretical-experimental comparison of a)the longitudinal contact force and b) the non-dimensionalized tangential force vs. longitudinal creepage. Fz = 2.39 kN, Ω=500rpm, μ=0.40. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-non-dimensionalized-tangential-force-vs-3txqbjhb.png Figure 15. Non-dimensionalized tangential force vs. longitudinal creepage (case 3). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-theoretical-experimental-comparison-of-a-the-38cuigra.png Figure 8. Theoretical-experimental comparison of a)the longitudinal contact force and b) the non-dimensionalized tangential force vs. longitudinal creepage. Fz = 2.29kN, Ω=500rpm, μ=0.45. As expected, the behaviour of the longitudinal contact force does not change. However, it is worth pointing out that no decay of the contact force is observed for high slip when using cutting oil. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-theoretical-experimental-comparison-of-a-the-2c45oahj.png Figure 3. Theoretical-experimental comparison of a)the tangential contact forces and b) the non-dimensionalized tangential force vs. longitudinal creepage for an angle of attack of 0.37 mrad. https://scispace.com/papers/when-are-multidimensional-data-unidimensional-enough-for-58ejfx2j17 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-15-data-structures-222r1l3f.png TABLE 1 15 Data Structures https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-structure-5-24-items-2-group-factors-and-12-items-285przao.png TABLE 2 Structure 5: 24 Items, 2 Group Factors, and 12 Items Per Group Factor (PUC = .52) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-bivariate-correlations-3mciap2d.png TABLE 5 Bivariate Correlations https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-false-positive-detect-values-for-conditions-with-36tatxy8.png FIGURE 5 False positive DETECT values for conditions with greater than 10% relative bias. https://scispace.com/papers/when-and-why-do-customer-solutions-pay-off-in-business-3zue5y6a3j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-1onx2wi5.png Table 1 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-1peb02nb.png Table 3 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-customer-solutions-in-business-markets-key-insights-5n3k2dat.png Table 8 Customer solutions in business markets: key insights and managerial guidelines https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-conceptual-model-b591mrx4.png Fig. 1 Conceptual model https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-2lls60ug.png Table 4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-moderating-effects-of-sales-capability-value-creation-3p80iqdb.png Fig. 2. Moderating effects of sales capability, value creation know-how, technology intensity, and buyer power on profitability growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-estimation-results-for-the-effects-of-solutions-22eayeiw.png Table 6 Estimation results for the effects of solutions offering on profitability growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-hyruam1l.png Table 2 https://scispace.com/papers/wheat-policy-options-in-sub-saharan-africa-the-case-of-3of87l681m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-also-shows-the-resource-cost-ratios-for-the-six-3b6pg4tb.png Table 2 also shows the resource cost ratios for the six irrigated crops during times of drought. Under the drought scenario, irrigating one crop means not being able to irrigate other crops, so an opportunity cost is assigned to water equal to the return in its best alternative use. Initially the most efficient course of action is to irrigate tobacco, which shows an extremely low resource cost ratio of 0.16. But since not all land is suitable for tobacco production, eventu- https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-shows-the-resource-cost-ratios-for-the-six-irrigated-pa3y55b0.png Table 2 also shows the resource cost ratios for the six irrigated crops during times of drought. Under the drought scenario, irrigating one crop means not being able to irrigate other crops, so an opportunity cost is assigned to water equal to the return in its best alternative use. Initially the most efficient course of action is to irrigate tobacco, which shows an extremely low resource cost ratio of 0.16. But since not all land is suitable for tobacco production, eventu- https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-also-disaggregates-the-net-policy-effect-for-each-121dxi8v.png Table 1 also disaggregates the net policy effect for each crop to reveal the effects of specific government policies: https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-production-and-consumption-of-wheat-in-zimbabwe-1965-14m7ante.png Fig. 1. Production and consumption of wheat in Zimbabwe ( 1965-1985). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-dazijfkw.png Table 1 also disaggregates the net policy effect for each crop to reveal the effects of specific government policies: https://scispace.com/papers/when-courts-determine-fees-in-a-system-with-a-loser-pays-m4cvp3mn3k 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-rate-of-litigation-cost-denials-in-tort-cases-by-gto82g7d.png TABLE 8. Rate of Litigation Cost Denials in Tort Cases by Plaintiff-Defendant Party Status Combination and Prevailing Party https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-distribution-of-cases-by-case-categories-and-2isc8ssw.png TABLE 3. Distribution of Cases by Case Categories and PlaintiffDefendant Party Status Combination https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-rate-of-litigation-cost-denial-by-judicial-district-ewt4ht67.png TABLE 6. Rate of Litigation Cost Denial by Judicial District and Prevailing Party https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-distribution-of-sample-cases-by-case-category-and-gbrv395a.png TABLE 1. Distribution of Sample Cases by Case Category and District https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-rate-of-litigation-cost-denial-by-plaintiff-34l9tr29.png TABLE 5. Rate of Litigation Cost Denial, by Plaintiff-Defendant Party Status Combination and Prevailing Party https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-litigation-cost-denial-rates-by-case-category-and-1vhmgey4.png TABLE 4. Litigation Cost Denial Rates by Case Category and Prevailing Party https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-classification-and-regression-tree-for-litigation-23wtcphx.png Figure 1. Classification and Regression Tree for Litigation Cost Denial https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-logistic-regression-models-of-litigation-cost-dytttc9j.png TABLE 7. Logistic Regression Models of Litigation Cost Denials https://scispace.com/papers/when-developing-countries-meet-transnational-universities-58tqony8h7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-interviews-mf9ikjjb.png Table 2. Interviews https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-international-partners-of-nazarbayev-university-1gndmnsh.png Table 3. International partners of Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan (2010-2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-international-branch-campuses-established-in-educity-267gptk6.png Table 4. International branch campuses established in EduCity, Malaysia (2010-2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-universities-and-public-research-institutes-3n8wma78.png Table 5. Universities and public research institutes established in Chile under the International Centers of Excellence Program (2010-2016) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-case-studies-323fcb7y.png Table 1. Overview of the case studies https://scispace.com/papers/when-do-big-problems-far-away-become-smaller-than-the-3zqn7hxguu 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-geographical-distribution-of-cpe-in-england-in-2z6qzrbi.png Figure 1) The geographical distribution of CPE in England in 2012 and 2017, based on the number of isolates confirmed by the PHE reference laboratory, as described in Donker et al [7]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-nomogram-for-calculating-the-expected-percentage-of-3fogzqna.png Figure 2) Nomogram for calculating the expected percentage of imported CPE (or any other AMR colonising pathogen) cases coming from another hospital, given the prevalence within the focal hospital, prevalence in the other hospital(s), and the percentage of readmitted patients previously admitted to the other hospital. After plotting both prevalence percentages, follow the dotted diagonal lines until the intersection with the curve for the correct percentage of readmissions that occur in patients previously discharged from the other hospital(s) (black lines); this point gives the percentage of imported cases from the other hospital on the right y-axis. Example shows a 'self' prevalence of 0.2%, an 'other' prevalence of 10%, with 0.1% of patient readmissions coming from the other hospital(s). https://scispace.com/papers/when-do-firms-invest-in-corporate-social-responsibility-a-1phy6ng3ie 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-influence-of-public-policy-intervention-on-csr-1urrzocs.png Figure 3. The influence of public policy intervention on CSR investment behavior https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-option-value-drivers-direction-of-impact-and-8wccn9jh.png Table 1. Option Value Drivers, Direction of Impact and Notation https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-application-of-the-ihc-caland-case-to-a-real-option-3bx48zy6.png Figure 2: Application of the IHC Caland case to a real option CSR framework https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-real-option-analysis-roa-versus-the-net-present-274uh3so.png Figure 1. Real option analysis (ROA) versus the net present value rule (NPV) https://scispace.com/papers/when-do-infants-understand-that-they-can-obtain-a-desired-3kswj06wey 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-level-sd-inside-brackets-at-c1-as-a-function-of-r9jhxwz5.png Table 1: Mean level (SD inside brackets) at C1 as a function of age and object https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-frequency-of-each-level-of-performance-in-each-age-1rxk490i.png Figure 2: Frequency of each level of performance in each age group at C1 (both objects pooled) at the cross-sectional study https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-percentage-of-trials-with-gaze-toward-the-2q1ghdz1.png Figure 4: Percentage of trials with gaze toward the experimenter as a function of age and condition https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-a-straight-object-handle-to-the-right-infants-uq3hz2nb.png Figure 1: a/ Straight object, handle to the right (Infants grasps the handle while looking at the ball, level 3); b/ L-shaped object, handle to the left (Infant points to the ball, level 1) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-mean-level-at-c2-as-a-function-of-age-object-and-3uwcaomf.png Figure 3: Mean level at C2 as a function of Age, Object, and Trial at the cross-sectional study (the lowest the level, the less surprised infants are) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-frequency-of-each-level-of-performance-at-each-age-1r5mnxp6.png Figure 6: Frequency of each level of performance at each age at C1 (both objects pooled) at the longitudinal study https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-first-behavior-at-c1-as-a-function-of-age-number-of-297e6wp5.png Table 2: First behavior at C1 as a function of age (number of infants) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-mean-level-at-c2-as-a-function-of-age-and-object-3orcoxul.png Figure 7: Mean level at C2 as a function of Age and Object / Trial at the longitudinal study (the lower the level, the less surprised infants are) https://scispace.com/papers/when-does-the-price-affect-the-taste-results-from-a-wine-2ct2t2zv9m 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-experimental-results-for-the-expensive-wine-2c4zsbst.png Table 1 Experimental results for the expensive wine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-average-rating-of-the-40-wine-by-gender-and-12yvuzty.png Figure 2 Average rating of the $40 wine, by gender and experimental setting. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-experimental-results-for-the-cheap-wine-1rbihk2o.png Table 2 Experimental results for the cheap wine https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-experimental-setup-3awpmm1u.png Figure 1 Experimental setup https://scispace.com/papers/when-expectancies-harm-comprehension-encoding-flexibility-in-241wto0st4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-mean-recall-levels-for-each-behavior-type-as-a-2i3flw3h.png Table 1: Mean Recall Levels for each Behavior Type as a Function of the Rating Request https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-recall-levels-for-each-behavior-type-as-a-3ume8h6a.png Table 3: Mean Recall Levels for Each Behavior Type as a Function of the Trait Condition https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-d-and-false-alarms-for-congruent-and-incongruent-2jd4fbha.png Table 2: d’ and False Alarms for Congruent and Incongruent Behaviors and NoExpectancy (base-line) Conditions https://scispace.com/papers/when-evolutionary-computing-meets-astro-and-geoinformatics-5efmn0l7tv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-a-uniform-crossover-operator-t8n2phfu.png Figure 4: A uniform crossover operator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-traditional-parallel-island-on-the-left-and-15zeg2qx.png Figure 6: The traditional parallel island (on the left) and cellular models for evolutionary algorithms (on the right). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-a-bitwise-mutation-operator-1i363z8w.png Figure 5: A bitwise mutation operator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-flowchart-of-a-basic-evolutionary-algorithm-1w1vmhbp.png Figure 1: Flowchart of a basic evolutionary algorithm. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-a-multi-point-crossover-operator-36c04box.png Figure 3: A multi-point crossover operator. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-a-single-point-crossover-operator-2vm32fpm.png Figure 2: A single-point crossover operator. https://scispace.com/papers/when-foul-play-seems-fair-exploring-the-link-between-just-1dw7pifamo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-treatments-of-experiment-1-18k9tssf.png Table 1: Treatments of Experiment 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-screenshot-of-signal-reporting-stage-1acacriz.png Figure 1: Screenshot of Signal Reporting Stage https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-treatments-of-experiment-2-14slhffd.png Table 5: Treatments of Experiment 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-role-assignment-in-the-four-treatments-3oxwk3u2.png Table 2: Role-assignment in the four treatments https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-rate-of-red-signals-reported-2ibn07su.png Figure 3: Rate of Red Signals Reported https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-regression-results-experiment-2-299gwa3h.png Table 6: Regression Results (Experiment 2) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-evolution-of-the-difference-in-payoffs-between-153emujy.png Figure 4: Evolution of the Difference in Payoffs Between Custodian and Owner https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-selfish-and-altruistic-dishonesty-by-treatment-ture8ev7.png Figure 2: Selfish and Altruistic Dishonesty by Treatment https://scispace.com/papers/when-gdpr-meets-cras-credit-reference-agencies-looking-u6lxty8zuv 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-keywords-xbq726vq.png Table 2: Keywords https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-distribution-of-tweets-in-our-dataset-a-tweets-3hvv23ov.png Table 1: The distribution of tweets in our dataset: A = tweets collected from each target organization’s official Twitter account(s), B = public tweets mentioning each target organization’s official Twitter account(s), C = public tweets mentioning each target organization’s name or acronym https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-distributions-of-tweets-per-gdpr-related-topic-sjzgigma.png Figure 1: Distributions of tweets per GDPR-related topic https://scispace.com/papers/when-the-identity-theorem-seems-to-fail-38nowppsnj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-function-ps-x-provided-by-kim-and-kwon-in-17-23mee3n9.png Figure 1: The function ψ(x) provided by Kim and Kwon in [17]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-graphs-of-fl-m-for-some-choices-of-m-and-l-1ba0weq3.png Figure 4: Graphs of fλ,m for some choices of m and λ. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-graphs-of-the-functions-f-and-g-3px3dx1e.png Figure 2: Graphs of the functions f and g. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-graphs-of-ra-for-some-choices-of-a-ln5ohf9o.png Figure 3: Graphs of ρα for some choices of α. https://scispace.com/papers/where-stars-form-inside-out-growth-and-coherent-star-19trnx2wb9 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-r-ms-relation-fit-parameters-for-ha-and-hf140wabove-1ik2nv09.png Table 5 *r Ms– Relation Fit Parameters for Hα and HF140Wabove, on, and below the Main Sequence https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-high-resolution-ha-maps-for-z-1-galaxies-from-hst-14xoc0ow.png Figure 3. High-resolution Hα maps for z∼1 galaxies from HST and their corresponding rest-frame optical images. The Hα generally follows the optical light, but not always (see also Wuyts et al. 2013). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-radial-surface-brightness-profiles-of-ha-hf140w-and-1gy0ads4.png Figure 9. Radial surface brightness profiles of Hα, HF140W, and their ratio EW(Hα) as a function ofM* and SFR. The colors delineate position with respect to the starforming “MS”: above (blue), on (black), and below (red). Above the star-forming MS, the Hα (as well as the HF140W and EW(Hα)) is elevated at all radii. Below the star-forming MS, the Hα is depressed at all radii. The average radial profiles are always centrally peaked in Hα and never centrally peaked in EW(Hα). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-stacks-of-galaxies-after-rotating-them-so-37x2iguw.png Figure 12. Stacks of galaxies after rotating them so thattheir major axes are aligned, for the 20% of galaxies with the lowest ellipticities (“face-on”) and the 20% of galaxies with the highest ellipticiticies (“edge-on”). The lowest-ellipticity stacks are nearly round, and the highest-ellipticity stacks are highly flattened with a/ b≈0.3, consistent with viewing disks under different projections. The Hα stacks are remarkably similar to the HF140W stacks, demonstrating that the Hα emission is aligned with the HF140W emission at all masses. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-illustration-of-the-creation-of-an-ha-image-stack-1oeuqud9.png Figure 4. Illustration of the creation of an Hα image stack and the derivation of radial profiles. The panels on the left show four of the 377 Hα maps that are summed to create the stack on the right. The stack is masked with the “double pacman” mask shown, in order to mitigate the effects of redshift uncertainties and [S II] λλ6716, 6731(see Section 3.3). The surface brightness profiles derived from this stack are shown above it. The raw profile is shown in black. The profile corrected for residual continuum is shown in green, and the profile corrected for the effects of the PSF is shown in orange. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-we-investigate-the-spatial-distribution-of-star-2e2z2jxr.png Figure 8. We investigate the spatial distribution of star formation in galaxies across the SFR–M* plane. To do this, we stack the Hα maps of galaxies on the star-forming MS(black) and compare to the spatial distribution of Hα in galaxies above (blue) and below (red) the MS. The parent sample is shown in gray. The fraction of the total parent sample above the extraction magnitude limit islisted at the bottom in gray. As expected, we are significantly less complete at low masses, below the MS. About one-third of selected galaxies are thrown out of the stacks due to contamination of their spectra by other sources in the field. Of the galaxies above the extraction limit, the fractions remaining as part of thefinal selection are listed and shown in blue,black, andred, respectively. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-average-radial-surface-brightness-profiles-of-2f63pa23.png Figure 7. Average radial surface brightness profiles of HF140W (left), Hα (center), and average radial Hα equivalent width profile (EW(Hα)) (right) in galaxies as a function of stellar mass. The radial EW(Hα) profile is the quotient of the Hα and stellar continuum profiles, providing a comparison between the spatial distribution of Hα and stellar continuum emission. At low masses the EW(Hα) profile is flat. As mass increases,EW(Hα) rises increasingly steeply from the center, showing, in agreement with the larger disk scale lengths of Figure 6, that the Hα has a more extended distribution than the existing stellar continuum emission. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-galaxy-selection-criteria-ttl7wrc0.png Table 1 Galaxy Selection Criteria https://scispace.com/papers/where-to-vacation-an-agent-based-approach-to-modelling-pdeiwzic2r 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-substrate-social-network-zil3xugs.png Figure 3. Substrate social network. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-total-number-of-tourists-in-the-individual-y83hu022.png Figure 6. Total number of tourists in the individual motivation scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-change-in-tourist-visitation-between-bau-sim3-and-34yam6xw.png Table 5. Change in tourist visitation (%) between BAU–Sim3 and BAU–Sim4. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-methodological-structure-of-the-abm-yby6zqjq.png Figure 1. Methodological structure of the ABM. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-change-in-tourist-visitation-between-bau-sim1-and-lppogej6.png Table 4. Change in tourist visitation (%) between BAU–Sim1 and BAU–Sim2. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-total-number-of-tourists-in-the-awareness-scenario-3t1jvegn.png Figure 5. Total number of tourists in the awareness scenario. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-tourist-motivation-list-3o1yyrz0.png Table 1. Tourist motivation list. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-regression-analysis-for-the-real-total-number-of-3ow6vws4.png Figure 4. Regression analysis for the real total number of tourists and simulated results for the period 2002–2012. https://scispace.com/papers/white-lupin-leads-to-increased-maize-yield-through-a-soil-1uvnz86d5u 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-effect-of-lupin-on-the-damage-caused-to-maize-by-3irz559i.png Fig. 5 Effect of lupin on the damage caused to maize by Striga hermonthica. a 3 month old maize planted either alone (right pot) or 2 weeks after lupin (left pot) grown in sand. b Number of emerged S. hermonthica per maize plant in pots inoculated with S. hermonthica seeds after 84 days of growth. M maize alone, ML maize planted 2 weeks after lupin. Bars are means ± SE of five replicates. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 (Student’s T test) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-planting-arrangement-for-the-intercropping-experiment-261eyuur.png Fig. 1 Planting arrangement for the intercropping experiment. M maize monocrop, ML maize intercropped with lupin, MD maize intercropped with D. uncinatum, MLD maize intercropped with lupin and D. uncinatum. Maize planting density was maximal for M, intermediary for ML and MD and minimal for MLD https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-maize-height-a-b-biomass-c-d-and-yield-e-as-affected-abvn6hsz.png Fig. 4 Maize height (a–b), biomass (c–d) and yield (e) as affected by lupin shoot addition to the soil. a–d Bars are means ± SE of four replicates, each representing one plot where four randomly picked plants were measured at mid-harvest (56 days) and at harvest (112 days). e Bars are means ± SE of four replicates, each representing one plot where the yield of four randomly picked plants was assessed at harvest. See Table 4 for significance of the treatments https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-maize-height-a-b-biomass-c-d-and-yield-e-as-affected-10sm2wqz.png Fig. 3 Maize height (a–b), biomass (c–d) and yield (e) as affected by previous cropping. M/M maize after maize, M/L maize after lupin, M/B maize after bare land. a–d Bars are means ± SE of four replicates, each representing one plot where four randomly picked plants were measured at midharvest (56 days ) and at harvest (112 days). e Bars are means ± SE of four replicates, each representing one plot where the yield of four randomly picked plants was assessed at harvest. See Table 3 for significance of the treatments https://scispace.com/papers/white-paper-on-the-future-of-plasma-science-and-technology-2j58n0nju4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-building-the-future-with-major-pillars-of-plasma-njf4geqj.png Figure 3. Building the future with major pillars of plasma science and technology for plastics and textiles field. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-publication-indicators-for-studies-on-abrasion-of-hmuut4z9.png Figure 14. Publication indicators for studies on abrasion of textiles (data based on Web of Science, record date Jan. 2016). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-18-a-the-electron-blocking-hole-transporting-property-21h347fs.png Figure 18. (a) The electron-blocking hole-transporting property of polyterpenol controls charge transport in organic electronic devices (green layer polyterpenol, yellow layer Alq2, black layer Al, blue layer IZO). (b) Electromagnetic radiation as a result of electron–hole recombination at Alq3 layer in devices with polyterpenol charge transport layer. (c) I–V characteristics of the hybrid flexible photodetector with 185 nm photoactive plasma-polymerised polyaniline–TiO2 nanocomposite layer under 365 nm UV illumination at 3.25 mW/cm2 intensity after 20−100 cycles of bending. (d) Images of the flexible polyaniline–TiO2–based hybrid device under different bending states. (a, b) reproduced with permission from.[210a] (c, d) reproduced with permission from [211]. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-11-a-sem-images-of-teflon-nanocone-arrays-fabricated-tf3j0jdv.png Figure 11. (a) SEM images of Teflon nanocone arrays fabricated with 0.5 μm PS beads. The top row shows large tilted views. In the bottom row, left and right images show top view and side view of nanocones, respectively. The scale bars indicate 2 and 1 μm, respectively. Reprinted with permission of ACS.[92] (b) SPRIE designs. b1,b2) Hexagonal, b3) lattices obtained using different colloidal nanosphere arrangements. Reprinted with permission of Wiley.[98] (c) Nanopattern of a bilayer crystal after RIE. Reprinted with permission of ACS.[99] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-16-a-sem-image-of-hierarchical-triple-scale-roughness-1dqoif9w.png Figure 16. a) SEM image of hierarchical (triple-scale) roughness micropillars produced by the combination of colloidal lithography of 1 μm particles followed by plasma etching. Reprinted with permission from Ellinas et al.[95] b) SEM images of Cu NPs, C:H NPs and C:H NPs decorated by Cu NPs and overcoated with plasma polymerized n-hexane. Reprinted with permission from Petr et al. [176] c) SEM images of NC coating deposited for 10 min in a DBD fed with He and the aerosol of a 3 wt % oleate-capped ZnO NPs dispersion in n-octane. Reprinted with permission from Fanelli et al. [177] https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-reactivity-and-penetration-of-plasmas-through-27995nqz.png Figure 17. Reactivity and penetration of plasmas through textiles depend on the construction of the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-presentation-of-some-environmentally-responsive-2jjgi5mz.png Figure 9. Presentation of some environmentally-responsive textiles and their mechanisms https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-front-view-of-the-racetrack-of-a-hipims-target-2cfeemrd.png Figure 7. (a) Front-view of the racetrack of a HiPIMS target showing the optical emission of plasma species. Reprinted from ref.[44] with permission from AIP Publishing. (b) Cross section SEM images of two via holes homogeneously filled by Cu using HiPIMS. Reprinted from ref.[40a], with permission from Elsevier. (c) Different magnifications of washed PET fabric with HiPIMS-deposited silver coating.[42b] (published under a Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) https://scispace.com/papers/who-are-the-users-who-are-the-developers-webs-of-users-and-3j79dxby1q 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-users-roles-in-system-development-process-across-2hw50h6d.png Table 1: Users’ roles in system development process across three model types; roles are defined for scientists and information managers in each of the models’ four phases; (a) Hands-On User; (b) Social Actor; (c) Sociopolitical Actor. ______________________________________________________________________________ https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-models-describing-the-development-process-a-2kofwy0w.png Figure 1. Models describing the development process: a) Development Model with four phases: design, development, deployment and implementation, and b) Local Implementation Model with four phases: design, development, deployment and enactment. The implementation phase of the Development Model is expanded into an iterative process described in the Local Implementation Model. The two processes represented - a broader-scale development cycle and a local-site implementation cycle - may occur sequentially in the short-term but from a longer-term perspective may be seen to co-occur. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-from-users-and-developers-to-web-of-users-and-web-ysjx7qi1.png Figure 2. From users and developers to ‘web of users’ and ‘web of developers’. The dashed lines represent an emergent role. https://scispace.com/papers/who-quits-next-firm-growth-in-growing-economies-2p2j3pcsxm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-tail-indices-and-gdp-growth-3bxyexnl.png Figure 3: Tail indices and GDP growth https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-benchmark-calibration-58x430jb.png Table 1: Benchmark calibration https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-fraction-of-firms-with-productivity-growth-and-gdp-3nndxeiy.png Figure 1: Fraction of firms with productivity growth and GDP growth https://scispace.com/figures/figure-15-employment-age-profile-left-and-age-distribution-eeihez3n.png Figure 15: Employment age profile (left) and age distribution, asymmetric shocks https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-equilibrium-growth-rate-and-firm-investment-rate-ewnwrugc.png Figure 7: Equilibrium growth rate and firm investment rate https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-employment-age-profiles-by-growth-group-35wc0l66.png Figure 5: Employment-Age profiles by growth group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-employment-age-profiles-by-income-group-1siu1zqy.png Figure 6: Employment-Age profiles by income group https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-alternative-economies-2ax1c24n.png Table 2: Alternative economies https://scispace.com/papers/who-is-democracy-good-for-elections-rural-bias-and-health-1vijpeo2ul 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-effects-of-democracy-on-basic-service-provision-100v1xvv.png Table 1. Effects of Democracy on Basic Service Provision https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conditional-effects-of-democracy-on-basic-service-16sw16si.png Table 2. Conditional Effects of Democracy on Basic Service Provision https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-marginal-effects-of-democracy-on-basic-service-1ulwygp7.png Figure 1. Marginal effects of democracy on basic service provision. Sloped lines show marginal effects of democracy on the probability of a child dying before reaching her first birthday (A, B) and a child ever having been to school (C, D). Gray areas are 95% confidence intervals. A and C show effects for urban residents; B and D show effects for rural residents. Stacked histograms show the distribution of urbanization, with the dark and light portions of the bars showing the distribution of democracy to nondemocracy, respectively. https://scispace.com/papers/whole-genome-linkage-disequilibrium-and-effective-population-1w8bzjcroe 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-linkage-disequilibrium-estimations-along-the-30-2ewrwoz4.png FIGURE 2 | Linkage disequilibrium estimations along the 30 chromosomes of coho salmon. Average values of LD measured as r2 per chromosome, according to distances between SNPs. Estimated values are shown from Okis01 to Okis015 (A) and from Okis16 to Okis30 (B). https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-summary-statistics-for-the-evaluated-snps-and-11z431n2.png TABLE 1 | Summary statistics for the evaluated SNPs and linkage disequilibrium values along coho salmon chromosomes. https://scispace.com/papers/whole-genome-sequences-of-malawi-cichlids-reveal-multiple-3rnj4h888w 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-mb06822c.png Fig. 9 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-1i29xhoc.png Fig. 8 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-excess-allele-sharing-and-patterns-of-species-5c6iwly6.png Fig. 2 | Excess allele sharing and patterns of species relatedness. a, Derived allele sharing reveals non-tree-like relationships among trios of species. The bars show the proportion of significantly elevated Dmin scores (see main text). Shading corresponds to FWER q values of (from light to dark) 10−2, 10−4, 10−8 and 10−14. The scatterplots show the Dmin scores that were significant with family-wise error rate (FWER) < 0.01. Results are shown separately for comparisons where all three species in the trio are from the same group, and for cases where the species come from two or three different groups. https://scispace.com/papers/whole-plant-corn-forage-sorghum-and-grainsorghum-silages-for-k7ji8nbo5v 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-performance-by-yearling-steers-fed-the-eight-silage-1p2iukkl.png Table 2. Performance by Yearling Steers fed the Eight Silage Rations https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-agronomic-performance-and-chemical-composition-of-1sr29l8w.png Table 1. Agronomic Performance and Chemical Composition of the Eight Silages in 1991 https://scispace.com/papers/whole-genome-sequencing-on-220-alfalfa-medicago-sativa-l-4ahamnqag7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1p9v4skm.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-22nlib9y.png Figure 5 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-aw4a1q7s.png Figure 3 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-1cktzfse.png Figure 1 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2sa891g4.png Figure 4 https://scispace.com/papers/why-are-rich-countries-more-politically-cohesive-3ej9ow3u1c 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-impact-of-power-distribution-p-on-the-choice-of-29yi6qqv.png Fig. 2. The impact of power distribution p on the choice of economic regime. In the simulation, we assume α = β = 1/2, γs = δn = 1/3, γn = δs = 2/3, and C = 0.1, and we assume Ln/Ls = 1. See text for interpretations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-the-impact-of-population-proportions-ln-ls-for-the-z0v2n2oa.png Fig. 3. The impact of population proportions (Ln/Ls) for the choice of economic regime. In the simulation, we assume α = β = 1/2, γs = δn = 1/3, γn = δs = 2/3, and C = 0.1 and we set π = 1/2. See text for interpretations https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-political-cohesion-versus-log-gdp-per-capita-for-71-3ctoxf04.png Fig. 1. Political cohesion versus log GDP per capita, for 71 countries. Political cohesion is measured over the period 1981–2000, whereas GDP per capita is measured in 1990. The line in the figure is estimated by OLS. The correlation between the two variables is 0.67, and significant at 1 percent. Source: World Value Surveys and World Development Indicators https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-african-countries-adopt-ifrs-an-institutional-28nr7m94o7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-descriptive-statistics-of-continuous-variables-1io2ppjy.png Table 3. Descriptive statistics of continuous variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-0-descriptive-statistics-of-categorical-variables-3dh3ttka.png Table 2.0 Descriptive statistics of categorical variables https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-0-comparison-with-prior-studies-using-logit-3sgtuu1f.png Table 6.0 Comparison with prior studies (using logit regression where IFRS 0 or 1) https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-country-level-regression-results-33vxwm8n.png Table 5. Country-level regression results. https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-0-regression-results-at-firm-level-w3sub7s3.png Table 7.0. Regression results at firm-level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-0-variable-description-and-sources-of-data-1905oo08.png Table 1.0 Variable description and sources of data. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-pairwise-correlation-between-variables-2t6eppmy.png Table 4. Pairwise correlation between variables. https://scispace.com/papers/why-are-some-consumers-finally-writing-fewer-checks-the-role-36ec57951n 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-1ot93s94.png Figure 2 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-use-model-regressions-ols-g1zfhifa.png Table 4: Use Model Regressions (OLS) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-1czzih0q.png Table 8 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-comparison-of-fed-and-aarp-survey-data-3g5n8juw.png Figure 4 Comparison of Fed and AARP Survey Data https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-adoption-model-regressions-logit-2jp2g6j9.png Table 3: Adoption Model Regressions (Logit) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-model-evaluation-statistics-2riwosak.png Table 7: Model Evaluation Statistics https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-change-in-use-model-regressions-ordered-logit-1naa3ndd.png Table 5: Change in Use Model Regressions (Ordered Logit) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-consumer-payment-adoption-rates-3icitsr4.png Table 1: Consumer Payment Adoption Rates https://scispace.com/papers/why-do-leaders-matter-a-study-of-expert-knowledge-in-a-1fs6adlr4h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-2-ordered-logit-results-for-team-s-playoff-2zepnylh.png Table 5 (2): Ordered Logit Results for Team's Playoff Performance (ctd) https://scispace.com/figures/table-8-ordered-logit-results-for-team-s-playoff-success-xf94b0fy.png Table 8: Ordered Logit Results for Team's Playoff Success, Coaches in Their First Season with the Team https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-instrumental-variable-results-for-team-s-regular-1q79llgy.png Table 4: Instrumental Variable Results for Team's Regular-Season Winning Percentage https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-ols-results-for-team-s-regular-season-winning-le6ug3u3.png Table 7: OLS Results for Team's Regular-Season Winning Percentage, Coaches in Their First Season with the Team https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-ordered-logit-results-for-team-s-playoff-performance-2affuqr5.png Table 5 (2): Ordered Logit Results for Team's Playoff Performance (ctd) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-regular-season-winning-percentage-and-playoff-nnvz0ed4.png Table 1: Regular Season Winning Percentage and Playoff Success by Coach Playing Expertise https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-instrumental-variable-results-for-team-s-playoff-9dkqtdpz.png Table 6: Instrumental Variable Results for Team's Playoff Performance (ordered logit) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-regular-season-winning-percentage-and-playoff-2pi98rcx.png Table 2: Regular Season Winning Percentage and Playoff Success by Coach Playing Expertise, Before and After Arrival of New Coach https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-the-spanish-upper-chamber-so-difficult-to-reform-hvjfwwwrjo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-preferences-about-the-future-role-of-the-senate-in-tcy74212.png Table 1 Preferences about the future role of the Senate (in %)13 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-electoral-district-for-senate-elections-16-3p02gtfk.png Table 4 Electoral district for Senate elections (%)16 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-election-of-senators-in-future-elections-15-pfk5bj3j.png Table 3 Election of senators in future elections (%)15 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-preferences-about-the-future-functions-of-the-senate-3blz1fo7.png Table 2 Preferences about the future functions of the Senate (%)14 https://scispace.com/papers/why-is-a-change-of-company-pricing-policy-so-hard-to-4a8zifs5tm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-division-of-pricing-processes-2ybav5co.png Table 1: Division of Pricing Processes https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-implementing-value-based-pricing-activities-in-a-3opbz9fp.png Figure 2: Implementing Value-Based Pricing Activities in a European Hotel Group https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-interactions-between-key-players-pricing-processes-3sc2mw84.png Figure 1: Interactions between Key Player’s Pricing Processes https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-the-resource-base-for-implementing-value-based-3h1ivfni.png Table 2: The Resource Base for Implementing Value-Based Pricing in a European Hotel Group https://scispace.com/papers/why-it-s-so-hard-exploring-social-barriers-for-the-1nfsnbzyyr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-most-common-energy-refurbishment-interventions-rzufziia.png Figure 1. Most common energy refurbishment interventions. Source: Survey on TES awareness, 2018 (% of responses). https://scispace.com/papers/wide-area-multi-object-tracking-with-non-overlapping-camera-4utc3zqk8b 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-views-of-the-three-cameras-3le2mcpu.png Fig. 4. Views of the three cameras. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-gaussian-mixture-model-of-the-travel-time-between-c328u68z.png Fig. 5. Gaussian Mixture Model of the Travel Time between Camera 1 and Camera 3. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-example-of-the-different-size-factors-of-the-cars-in-1fji1xcl.png Fig. 3. Example of the different size factors of the cars in different lanes. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-example-of-the-angle-correction-for-hog-descriptor-18j1ptdy.png Fig. 2. Example of the angle correction for HOG descriptor. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-probabilistic-petri-net-for-tracking-and-object-36ydgd6v.png Fig. 1. Probabilistic Petri Net for tracking and object matching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-example-of-matched-cars-3dsav1c2.png Fig. 6. Example of matched cars. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-example-of-matched-cars-with-similar-features-3qz6tcb0.png Fig. 7. Example of matched cars with similar features. https://scispace.com/papers/wide-bandwidth-cfoa-with-high-cmrr-performance-2f5vyx44i6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-the-modified-cfoa-of-fig-10-3vv9ikgt.png Fig. 11 the modified CFOA of Fig. 10. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-12-cmrr-frequency-comparisons-1zbu5ui4.png Fig. 12. CMRR~Frequency comparisons https://scispace.com/figures/fig-16-bandwidth-frequency-for-unity-closed-loop-gain-3v3fnot8.png Fig. 16. Bandwidth~ Frequency for unity closed-loop gain comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-characteristics-of-the-conventional-and-improved-2acmt1my.png Table 2 Characteristics of the conventional and improved CFOAs for Vcc = 3.8V https://scispace.com/figures/fig-14-voltage-time-comparisons-the-slew-rate-2a9tq7ju.png Fig. 14. Voltage ~Time comparisons (The Slew Rate). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-13-ac-gain-accuracy-frequency-comparisons-2bh9kf48.png Fig. 13. AC gain accuracy ~ Frequency comparisons. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-15-input-impedance-frequency-for-the-cfoas-each-1xqguyrz.png Fig. 15. Input impedance~frequency for the CFOAs, each configured as a non-inverting unity gain amplifier. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-simplified-schematic-of-a-standard-cfoa-2dnwus3h.png Fig. 1. Simplified schematic of a standard CFOA. https://scispace.com/papers/why-some-make-it-and-others-do-not-identifying-psychological-qt72twljf0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-significant-differences-between-the-successful-and-1trlijh6.png Table 1 Significant Differences Between the Successful and Unsuccessful Players https://scispace.com/papers/widespread-poly-metamorphosed-archean-granitoid-gneisses-and-17w4s2vvum 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-simplified-map-of-the-northwestern-superior-ryqhij3p.png Figure 1. Simplified map of the northwestern Superior Province, with the location of the town of 1072 Inukjuak (gray dot) and the study area (yellow star) highlighted. (For interpretation of the 1073 references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) 1074 1075 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-u-pb-zircon-geochronology-expressed-in-tera-180hgrqm.png Figure 10. U-Pb zircon geochronology expressed in Tera-Wasserburg plots for Central Tonalitic 1140 Gneiss samples (IN05001, IN12012, IN14035); gray ellipses not included in the weighted 1141 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-light-colored-quartz-rich-rocks-below-the-belt-of-1icw4dtn.png Figure 9. (a) Light-colored quartz-rich rocks below the belt of ultramafic boudins in the northern 1125 Ukaliq supracrustal belt. Significantly, the quartz-rich rocks appear to show a progression from 1126 detrital quartzites to meta-cherts with magnetite-bearing laminae higher up. Sample location of 1127 IN14032A is annotated in the figure. (b) Close-up view of the quartz-rich rocks of probable 1128 detrital origin (i.e. quartzite proper). Note subtle aspects of the relict layering suggesting both 1129 grading and truncations. The greenish color is probably due to calc-silicates. (c) Mesoscopic 1130 view of highly deformed amphibolites and supracrustal gneiss, with strong boudinage of the 1131 more competent layers. Gneissosity has been pulled into the boudin necks and folded, whereas 1132 quartz-feldspar veins and pods fill discontinuities and areas of strong local extension. (d) Quartz-1133 biotite schist at the base of the ultramafic body (IN14032A; labelled) for which detrital zircon U-1134 Pb geochronology was attempted. These various outcrop-scale structures illustrate the structural 1135 style of the Ukaliq supracrustal belt, with the boudins being analogous to the larger ultramafic 1136 bodies in the wider area, and the quartz veins representing late Neoarchean granitic pegmatites 1137 that intruded late during the boudinage forming deformation. (For interpretation of the references 1138 to color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) 1139 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-back-scatter-electron-images-illustrating-the-3k7ovlgt.png Figure 6. Back-scatter electron images illustrating the textural relationships in four 1104 representative samples discussed in the text. (a) Meta-conglomerate sample IN14032A shows the 1105 mineral assemblage anthophyllite (Anth) + muscovite (Ms) + stilpnomelane (Stp) + quartz (Qz) 1106 + rutile (Rt). Anthophyllite is replaced by the assemblage chlorite + talc (Chl + Tc). (b) Boizard 1107 suite granite sample IN12016 contains the mineral assemblage chlorite (Chl) + epidote (Epi) + 1108 titanite (Ttn) + albite (Ab) + quartz (Qz). (c) The grey gneiss sample IN14036 shows the mineral 1109 assemblage biotite (Bt) + muscovite (Ms) + plagioclase (Pl) + quartz (Qz). Biotite is replaced by 1110 chlorite + titanite (Chl + Ttn). (d) The Voizel tonalite sample IN12044 contains the mineral 1111 assemblage biotite (Bt) + K-feldspar (Kfs) + plagioclase (Pl) + quartz (Qz) + apatite (Ap). 1112 Biotite is replaced by chlorite + titanite (Chl + Ttn) and albite contains small zoisite (Zo) grains. 1113 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-14-a-ree-data-plotted-for-zircons-used-in-the-lattice-3djyrj99.png Figure 14. (a.) REE data plotted for zircons used in the lattice-strain partitioning modeling work 1152 described herein. (b) Onuma diagrams of selected zircons from TTG and Voizel samples 1153 showing R 2 https://scispace.com/papers/wideband-characteristic-mode-tracking-utilizing-far-field-3hygznequ6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-algorithm-for-far-field-tracking-of-eigenmodes-across-1m3457x7.png Fig. 1: Algorithm for far-field tracking of eigenmodes across frequency. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-mode-tracking-using-current-based-hybrid-method-for-xe3omze4.png Fig. 6: Mode-tracking using current based hybrid method for described structures using increased frequency resolution (250 kHz frequency step size). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-eigencurrents-of-mode-1-at-2-62-ghz-a-and-2-64-ghz-b-3c4hp84m.png Fig. 7: Eigencurrents of Mode 1 at 2.62 GHz (A) and 2.64 GHz (B). https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mode-tracking-using-current-based-hybrid-method-for-a-3u4iycfo.png Fig. 4: Mode-tracking using current based hybrid method for a 120 mm 60 mm PEC structure with a detached metal ring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-mode-tracking-using-far-field-tracking-algorithm-for-a-2axqkx4w.png Fig. 5: Mode-tracking using far-field tracking algorithm for a 120 mm 60 mm PEC structure with a detached metal ring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-mode-tracking-using-macm-for-a-120-mm-60-mm-pec-3m82wgkk.png Fig. 3: Mode-tracking using MACM for a 120 mm 60 mm PEC structure with a detached metal ring. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-symmetric-structure-that-allows-for-overlapping-3hwahgtx.png Fig. 2: Symmetric structure that allows for overlapping resonant eigenmodes. https://scispace.com/papers/wild-type-caenorhabditis-elegans-isolates-exhibit-distinct-1xdp51h3dt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-enriched-gene-ontology-terms-when-comparing-n2-and-105mpvgx.png Table 5: Enriched Gene Ontology Terms when Comparing N2 and CB4856 Worms fed OP50 versus S. epidermidis https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-enriched-gene-ontology-terms-after-infection-with-2kl9bd6p.png Table 3: Enriched Gene Ontology Terms after Infection with Pathogenic Bacteria https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-enriched-gene-ontology-terms-in-n2-and-cb4856-worms-2ow3kn85.png Table 4: Enriched Gene Ontology Terms in N2 and CB4856 Worms Exposed to S. epidermidis https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-principal-component-analysis-clusters-samples-based-5xvg5uqk.png Figure 3: Principal component analysis clusters samples based on genotype, rather than pathogen exposure. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-differentially-expressed-genes-degs-in-n2-animals-259imcf2.png Table 1: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in N2 animals following 24-hour exposure to microbial pathogens. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differentially-expressed-genes-degs-in-cb4856-25e6odf3.png Table 2: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CB4856 animals following 24-hour exposure to microbial pathogens. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-expression-differences-in-n2-and-cb4856-animals-3cgl9a8x.png Figure 4: Expression differences in N2 and CB4856 animals after infection with pathogenic bacteria. https://scispace.com/papers/wildland-shrubs-their-biology-and-utilization-3eie1h2vb8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-seasonal-variation-in-titvatahle-acid-number-tan-in-3lpi0tua.png Table 6 .--Seasonal variation in titvatahle acid number (TAN)'^ in different parts of Zizyphus nummularia from sandy and rooky habitats (Nanda 1969) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-seasonal-gross-energy-content-in-some-important-3u7m89wt.png Table 4 . --Seasonal gross energy content in some important shrubs in the Black Eitts of South Dakota. Ovendry basis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-nitrogen-content-fvequenay-distributions-for-some-1jjkhp3h.png Table 6 .--Seasonal variation in titvatahle acid number (TAN)'^ in different parts of Zizyphus nummularia from sandy and rooky habitats (Nanda 1969) https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-heat-content-of-various-shrub-species-3mkele8e.png Table 4 . --Seasonal gross energy content in some important shrubs in the Black Eitts of South Dakota. Ovendry basis. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-typical-root-systems-of-a-woody-shrubs-with-kiga1z4w.png Figure 8.—Typical root systems of (A) woody shrubs with https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-digestible-dry-matter-oontent-of-some-important-j71784u2.png Table 6 .--Seasonal variation in titvatahle acid number (TAN)'^ in different parts of Zizyphus nummularia from sandy and rooky habitats (Nanda 1969) https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-predicted-maximum-deer-range-oarrying-capacity-2dxmraxg.png Table 7 . --Predicted maximum deer range oarrying capacity during the dormant season based on production of dry matter^ digestible dry matter^ crude protein and gross energy of some Black Rills https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-effect-of-habitat-on-growth-forms-of-zizyphus-3ndj2mof.png Table 5 --Effect of habitat on growth forms of Zizyphus nummularia (Nanda 1967) https://scispace.com/papers/will-the-changes-proposed-to-the-conceptual-framework-s-3g56ais3im 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-analysis-of-the-impact-the-new-definitions-and-2md42f2w.png Table 1. Analysis of the impact the new definitions and recognition criteria on the recognition of assets and liabilities under IFRS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3ccebm8h.png Table 1. Analysis of the impact the new definitions and recognition criteria on the recognition of assets and liabilities under IFRS. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-3dkqv23k.png Table 1. Analysis of the impact the new definitions and recognition criteria on the recognition of assets and liabilities under IFRS. https://scispace.com/papers/wind-turbine-lightning-protection-project-1999-2001-3l7ytpi8p6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-gmp-site-layout-nagwz3pi.png Figure 12. GMP site layout https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-csw-strike-data-jt6tompo.png Table 3. CSW Strike Data https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-strike-sensors-at-ivpc-10lvgt62.png Figure 6. Strike sensors at IVPC https://scispace.com/figures/figure-17-algona-z-50-grounding-details-1caa0jh5.png Figure 17. Algona Z-50 grounding details https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-test-sensor-locations-3uhwzp7g.png Figure A-1. Test sensor locations https://scispace.com/figures/table-9-initial-improvements-for-z40-materials-list-1vvim2jg.png Table 9. Initial Improvements for Z40 Materials List https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-csw-turbine-grounding-plan-view-3f9c7ia1.png Figure 13. CSW turbine grounding plan view https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-lightning-damage-detail-3zxkne3h.png Table 6. Lightning Damage Detail https://scispace.com/papers/wireless-mimo-switching-with-mmse-relaying-398wp1diry 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-computational-complexity-comparison-with-different-1ikquptm.png Fig. 6. Computational complexity comparison with different numbers of users. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-wireless-mimo-switching-2txf94ux.png Fig. 1. Wireless MIMO switching. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-mse-of-different-mmse-relaying-schemes-when-k-n-4-3j91ux1f.png Fig. 4. MSE of different MMSE relaying schemes when K = N = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-throughput-comparison-of-different-zf-and-mmse-ho5jnb68.png Fig. 5. Throughput comparison of different ZF and MMSE relaying schemes when K = N = 4. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-throughput-comparison-of-different-zf-and-mmse-31kh0pwg.png Fig. 3. Throughput comparison of different ZF and MMSE relaying schemes when K = N = 2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-mse-of-different-mmse-relaying-schemes-when-k-n-2-3o2n6ija.png Fig. 2. MSE of different MMSE relaying schemes when K = N = 2. https://scispace.com/papers/wintertime-high-altitude-surface-energy-balance-of-a-3ugq188t1j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-mean-meteorological-data-evaluated-from-half-hourly-2k7oaj44.png Table 2. Mean Meteorological Data Evaluated From Half-Hourly Values https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-half-hourly-mean-values-of-total-cloud-amount-until-c1ppklk7.png Figure 4. Half-hourly mean values of total cloud amount (until May 16, 1600 LT only), air temperature (0.9 m), relative humidity (0.9 m), wind direction and speed (2.5 m) on Illimani, 6340 m asl, between May 5 and June 4, 2002. Arrows stand for snowfalls. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-mean-diurnal-cycle-of-the-various-terms-of-the-seb-kzvkpap4.png Figure 9. Mean diurnal cycle of the various terms of the SEB corresponding to both 2001 and 2002 measuring periods (25 days in total: May 22–25, 2001 and May 14–June 3, 2002): incident short-wave radiation S#, reflected short-wave radiation S", incoming long-wave radiation L#, outgoing longwave radiation L", net short-wave radiation S, net long-wave radiation L, albedo a, sensible heat flux H, latent heat flux LE, net all-wave radiation R and total subsurface energy flux G. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-half-hourly-mean-values-of-air-temperature-1-9-m-1mclsy0l.png Figure 5. Half-hourly mean values of air temperature (1.9 m), relative humidity (1.9 m), wind direction and speed (2.5 m) on Illimani, 6340 m asl, between May 24 and June 7, 1999. The arrow stands for the snowfall of the night June 4–5. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-error-on-the-results-of-the-turbulent-fluxes-as-a-pxw75c30.png Table 3. Error on the Results of the Turbulent Fluxes as a Function of the Surface Temperature Ts for the 1999 Measuring Period https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-half-hourly-mean-values-of-air-temperature-0-9-m-1xamekr4.png Figure 8. Half-hourly mean values of air temperature (0.9 m), surface temperature and snow temperatures ( 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) on Illimani, 6340 m asl, between May 21 and May 26, 2001. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-mean-values-of-each-term-of-the-seb-2v9iourd.png Table 5. Mean Values of Each Term of the SEB https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-the-cumulative-sublimation-calculated-on-the-three-3oucczh4.png Figure 12. The cumulative sublimation calculated on the three measuring periods: 2001 (upper panel), 2002 (middle panel) and 1999 (lower panel). https://scispace.com/papers/with-an-open-mind-openness-to-experience-moderates-the-3e5orgt8am 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-predicted-effects-of-self-reported-neighborhood-3avanjvs.png Figure 2: The predicted effects of self-reported neighborhood exposure to immigrants/refugees on immigration attitudes (0-10) (solid line) with 95 % confidence intervals (broken line) in Denmark. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-ols-regression-analyses-regarding-the-effect-of-12drvgs9.png Table 1: OLS Regression analyses regarding the effect of personal interethnic contact (0-1) on immigration attitudes (0-1). https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-ols-regression-analyses-regarding-the-effect-of-2ae9g6n2.png Table 2: OLS Regression analyses regarding the effect of neighborhood exposure to ethnic minorities on immigration attitudes (0-1). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-predicted-effects-of-personal-interethnic-177josw6.png Figure 1: The predicted effects of personal interethnic contact on immigration attitudes (0-10) (solid line) with 95 % confidence intervals (broken line). https://scispace.com/papers/woah-an-obstacle-avoidance-technique-for-high-speed-path-2nfncp9icf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-stress-test-map-based-on-igvc-navigation-contest-2um3vov5.png Figure 7. Stress Test Map based on IGVC navigation contest. Each number denotes a waypoint. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-plot-of-static-test-data-crosses-mark-points-3mgkkw1p.png Figure 3. Plot of static test data; crosses mark points outside 1.5 inter-quartile range. Lower runtimes are better. Results show that WOAH performed most consistently and the best; VFH+ was most erratic. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-test-map-arrows-indicate-overall-waypoints-1s7ii3oe.png Figure 2. Test Map. Arrows indicate overall waypoints. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-summary-of-static-test-data-3ilnqdzz.png Figure 4. Summary of static test data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-plot-of-dynamic-test-data-results-show-that-woah-1nb6nuin.png Figure 5. Plot of dynamic test data. Results show that WOAH performed the best and most consistently. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-summary-of-dynamic-test-data-1htynro2.png Figure 6. Summary of dynamic test data. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-12-plot-of-physical-test-data-results-show-vfh-and-2vfltb2x.png Figure 12. Plot of physical test data. Results show VFH+ and WOAH performed better than SND. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-13-physical-test-data-fnmkwk7t.png Figure 13. Physical test data. https://scispace.com/papers/women-helping-women-evidence-from-private-sector-data-on-1p8k778efb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4a-age-and-years-of-education-by-rank-and-sex-2a7rkllz.png Table 4A. Age and Years of Education by Rank and Sex https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-gender-pay-gap-estimates-with-and-without-rank-dlgczlid.png Figure 2: Gender Pay Gap Estimates with and without Rank Fixed Effects. Each bar is a point estimate for the Female coefficient from an OLS regression of the log of wage rate (computed by dividing average monthly earnings by normal hours) on Female without (dark bars) and with (light bars) rank fixed effects. The first pair of lines has no additional controls. The second pair includes fixed effects for industry, occupation, year, age and schooling. The third pair also includes controls for tenure (overall and rank-specific), experience and part-time status. The last pair has plant fixed effects. All reported coefficients are sigificant at the 1 percent level. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-gender-differences-in-promotions-and-mobility-by-2rs4oy8y.png Table 4A. Age and Years of Education by Rank and Sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-8a-occupation-groups-and-promotion-probabilities-25apzem6.png Table 8A: Occupation Groups and Promotion Probabilities https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-gender-differences-in-promotions-and-mobility-2vy3ukb4.png Table 3. Gender Differences in Promotions and Mobility https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-promotion-mobility-and-wages-by-rank-and-sex-2un3u481.png Table 2. Promotion, Mobility and Wages by Rank and Sex https://scispace.com/figures/table-7-gender-spillovers-in-promotions-with-alternative-mw8gaym1.png Table 7. Gender Spillovers in Promotions with Alternative Definitions of Female Boss Share https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-robustness-checks-for-gender-spillovers-in-3t33oita.png Table 6. Robustness Checks for Gender Spillovers in Promotions https://scispace.com/papers/women-and-kidney-disease-reflections-on-world-kidney-day-15d9drlbka 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-sex-differences-throughout-the-continuum-of-chronic-tbudfjzm.png Figure 1 | Sex differences throughout the continuum of chronic kidney disease (CKD) care. AI, autoimmune; AKI, acute kidney injury; AVF, arteriovenous fistula; HD, hemodialysis; KT, kidney transplant; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SS, systemic scleroderma. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-sex-differences-in-t-diseases-2qpz94ke.png Table 2 | Sex differences in t diseases https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-pregnancy-and-kidney-function-complex-interactions-2wklhxhs.png Figure 2 | Pregnancy and kidney function: complex interactions between 2 organs, the kidney and placenta. AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; PE, preeclampsia. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-adverse-pregnancy-outcomes-in-patients-with-chronic-3qunfayy.png Table 1 | Adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and in their offspring https://scispace.com/papers/women-move-differently-job-separations-and-gender-5cqa3le65h 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-descriptive-statistics-of-the-employment-spells-2en7cc3t.png Table A.1: Descriptive statistics of the employment spells (sample averages) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-1-smoothed-nelson-aalen-baseline-hazard-after-cox-2mvtf7rv.png Figure A.1: Smoothed Nelson–Aalen baseline hazard after Cox regression of the workers’ instantaneous separation rate to employment https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-2-smoothed-nelson-aalen-baseline-hazard-after-cox-3solyiu2.png Figure A.2: Smoothed Nelson–Aalen baseline hazard after Cox regression of the workers’ instantaneous separation rate to nonemployment https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-worker-separations-percentages-in-brackets-1iyv04h6.png Table 1: Worker separations (percentages in brackets) https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-determinants-of-workers-instantaneous-separation-ja65l51n.png Table 2: Determinants of workers’ instantaneous separation rate to employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-determinants-of-workers-instantaneous-separation-1supx8ny.png Table 3: Determinants of workers’ instantaneous separation rate to non-employment https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-determinants-of-workers-instantaneous-separation-12tih2lf.png Table 4: Determinants of workers’ instantaneous separation rates to employment and non-employment when the wage is included as regressor https://scispace.com/papers/women-s-reasons-and-perceptions-around-planning-a-homebirth-17yykycnq7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-importance-confidence-and-support-around-planning-a-1lit1bgq.png Table 2. Importance, confidence and support around planning a homebirth by parity https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-themes-subthemes-and-definitions-2e7szkzw.png Table 4. Themes, subthemes and definitions https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-participant-characteristics-by-parity-24y802r6.png Table 1. Participant characteristics by parity https://scispace.com/papers/wood-ash-treatment-affects-seasonal-n-fluctuations-in-5f5nbot4tr 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-averaged-values-for-spruce-tree-age-height-and-24260ybc.png Table 1 Averaged values for spruce tree age, height and diameter, separated by the different treatments applied in this study. Means € SE in all parameters are calculated for n=4 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-biomass-a-and-nitrogen-content-b-of-100-current-year-fx80nks3.png Fig. 3 Biomass (a) and nitrogen content (b) of 100 current-year needles in winter and tree-ring width (c), separated by the treatments control (C), wood ash (A), irrigation (W) and liquid fertilization (LF) for the years 1997–2000. 15N pulse labelling was added before the 1999 data in this graph. Bars denote means of n=4, except for the year 2000, where n=2–4€SE. One-way ANOVA did not reveal statistical significance at the 5% probability level, testing treatment effects in a–c https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-15n-recovery-mg-per-100-current-year-needles-9-and-3sd86syp.png Table 3 15N recovery (mg) per 100 current-year needles 9 and 21 months after tracer application, separated by the different treatments. Means are presented for n=4 (1999) and n=2–4 (2000) € SD. There was no significant treatment effect on the 5% probability level (one-way ANOVA) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-uptake-of-the-15n-tracer-in-fine-roots-split-by-the-yn2rkv8t.png Fig. 1 Uptake of the 15N tracer in fine roots, split by the different treatments. The dashed lines indicate the dry treatments (wood ash and control) and the solid lines stand for the wet treatments (liquid fertilization and irrigation) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-the-15n-uptake-of-the-needles-developed-in-the-years-3095zzwu.png Fig. 2 The 15N uptake of the needles developed in the years 1996n through 2000n, for the two sampling years 1999 and 2000, are separated by the four different treatments. The two arrows between April and May 1999 indicate the application time of the 15N tracer. The superscript letter (n) after the number of a year shows the year in which this needle was newly developed. One-way ANOVA did not reveal statistical significance at the 5% probability level for1999n in all four treatments https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-chemical-composition-of-the-liquid-fertilizer-and-2v08yf3n.png Table 2 Chemical composition of the liquid-fertilizer and wood-ash treatment, applied in this study for the years 1998– 2000 https://scispace.com/papers/woodpecker-abundance-and-habitat-use-in-mature-balsam-fir-4cf30moyz6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-mean-ipa-values-number-of-presumed-pairs-values-for-al7kpsgb.png Table 3. Mean IPA values (number of presumed pairs) values for woodpeckers counted in stands of different ages of balsam fir forests in western Newfoundland, 1991-94. Means followed by the same letter do not differ across rows (P > 0.05; n = 10 stands per age class in each of 4 yr). https://scispace.com/papers/woody-biomass-availability-for-energy-a-perspective-from-non-392zqtlpb8 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-8-gender-of-wisconsins-respondents-j4bfji75.png Figure A.8. Gender of Wisconsin’s respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-5-logistic-regression-results-for-landowners-1d45j043.png Table 5.5. Logistic regression results for landowners’ willingness-to-harvest (WTH) woody biomass for bioenergy in the state of Michigan. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-2-u-s-great-lakes-states-nipf-landowners-mean-3e6hv0o6.png Figure 4.2. U.S. Great Lakes States NIPF landowners’ mean responses to reasons for owning woodlands. Statements that were measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not important, 3 = moderately important and 5 = extremely important). Standard errors associated with mean ratings are in parenthesis. ***Statistical significant difference from 3 at = 0.001 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-16-minnesota-sample-respondents-participation-in-2ekmqn4n.png Figure A.16. Minnesota sample respondents’ participation in public incentive programs and forest management activities. https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-6-logistic-regression-results-for-landowners-2t49vaej.png Table 5.6. Logistic regression results for landowners’ willingness-to-harvest (WTH) woody biomass for bioenergy in the state of Minnesota. https://scispace.com/figures/table-a-1-agglomeration-coefficient-for-hierarchical-cluster-3vr67mnj.png Table A.1. Agglomeration coefficient for hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward method. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-4-age-distribution-of-minnesota-sample-respondents-1veqghpl.png Figure A.4. Age distribution of Minnesota sample respondents and NWOS respondents. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-a-5-age-distribution-of-wisconsin-sample-respondents-2teg57le.png Figure A.5. Age distribution of Wisconsin sample respondents and NWOS respondents. https://scispace.com/papers/workgroup-emotional-intelligence-scale-development-and-1qo70buzkd 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-comparison-of-emotional-intelligence-constructs-2pb8zgsa.png Fig. 1. Comparison of emotional intelligence constructs. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-median-team-performance-scores-from-weeks-2-and-9-3p6oc444.png Table 3 Median team performance scores from Weeks 2 and 9 for teams with high and low emotional intelligence ______________________________________________________________________________________ Goal focus __________ Process effectiveness_____________ https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-correlations-between-the-weip-3-and-validation-y1n8182b.png Table 2 Correlations between the WEIP-3 and validation measures ____________________________________________________________________________________ Ability to Deal With Ability to Deal With Overall https://scispace.com/papers/working-conditions-of-community-interpreters-in-sweden-1v2t29p9ab 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-the-interpreters-relation-to-other-stakeholders-1721yotn.png Figure 1. The interpreters’ relation to other stakeholders within the field of interpreting in Sweden https://scispace.com/papers/working-to-avoid-incarceration-jail-threat-and-labor-market-1qx116cis0 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-annual-hours-worked-regressions-marginal-effects-207uc6qu.png Table 4. Annual Hours Worked Regressions, Marginal Effects with Jail-Financial Interactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-6-wage-rate-regressions-marginal-effects-with-jail-1jxba3hs.png Table 6. Wage Rate Regressions, Marginal Effects with Jail-Financial Interactions https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-annual-hours-worked-regressions-jail-and-financial-cp9xedy2.png Table 3. Annual Hours Worked Regressions, Jail and Financial Action Rate Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-response-of-wages-to-jail-versus-financial-4tx5tsc2.png Figure 4. Response of Wages to Jail Versus Financial Sanctions, for NCFs with Arrears https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-response-of-wages-to-jail-sanctions-by-financial-24tepdva.png Figure 3. Response of Wages to Jail Sanctions, by Financial Sanction Level https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-wage-rate-regressions-jail-and-financial-action-rate-3ox6h83b.png Table 5. Wage Rate Regressions, Jail and Financial Action Rate Results https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-response-of-hours-worked-to-jail-versus-financial-379qenpm.png Figure 2. Response of Hours Worked to Jail Versus Financial Sanctions, for NCFs with Arrears https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-differences-in-hours-and-wages-between-father-24yit1ci.png Table 2. Differences in Hours and Wages Between Father Categories, by Jail Threat Level https://scispace.com/papers/working-the-system-firm-learning-and-the-antidumping-process-36xp1ywek2 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-number-of-filings-by-petitioner-after-first-u-s-ad-2ru81sd0.png TABLE 1: Number of Filings by Petitioner After First U.S. AD Petition, 1982-2000: Most Frequent Repeat Petitioners. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-total-u-s-antidumping-cases-and-proportion-of-ll785dau.png Figure 1: Total U.S. Antidumping Cases and Proportion of Filings by Petitioners with Previous Filing Experience https://scispace.com/figures/table-5-prior-experience-and-us-ad-case-outcomes-multinomial-z3jzhf5c.png TABLE 5: Prior Experience and US AD Case Outcomes: Multinomial Logit Estimation of US AD Case Outcome Probabilities, 1982-1995. https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-prior-experience-and-ad-dumping-margins-random-jcdkxc0h.png TABLE 4: Prior Experience and AD Dumping Margins: Random-effects Estimation of US AD Dumping Margins, 1982-2000. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-prior-experience-and-ad-filings-random-effects-logit-2pppskj7.png TABLE 3: Prior Experience and AD filings: Random Effects Logit Estimation of US AD Filing Probabilities Across 4-digit SIC Industries, 1982-1995. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-u-s-antidumping-outcome-comparisons-between-cases-s7veg85o.png TABLE 2: U.S. Antidumping Outcome Comparisons Between Cases with Repeat Petitioners and Those Without Repeat Petitioners, 1982-2000. https://scispace.com/papers/workload-measurement-in-a-communication-application-operated-ibz1rnibfq 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-split-condition-the-first-screen-shows-an-assigned-3oy0ancu.png Figure 1. ‘Split’ condition. The first screen shows an assigned letter for each command available on the QW interface. The second screen shows the speller matrix on which the stimulation is presented. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-overlaid-condition-the-stimulation-red-dots-is-1jab2qws.png Figure 2. ‘Overlaid’ condition. The stimulation (red dots) is superimposed over the QW GUI. The QW commands are hierarchically organized. Selection of a command requires the user to first select the corresponding group of commands and then the command itself. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-averaged-performance-values-and-nasa-total-score-for-11fjlyac.png Table 2. Averaged performance values and NASA total score for different tasks and stimulation conditions. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-distribution-of-subjects-preferences-between-split-3v33qkyx.png Figure 3. Distribution of subjects’ preferences between ‘split’ and ‘overlaid’ conditions for each task. y axis: percentage of subjects expressing a given preference; x axis: type and level of perference between the two conditions. The fitting curve for each histogram is also shown. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rating-scale-definitions-of-nasa-tlx-factors-14kywggt.png Table 1. Rating scale definitions of NASA-TLX factors. https://scispace.com/papers/worldwide-extremely-low-frequency-magnetic-field-sensor-3qur6w0xwk 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-the-spectrum-at-pinon-flat-shows-earth-ionosphere-1g0qx8c8.png Figure 6. The spectrum at Pinon Flat shows Earth‐ionosphere cavity resonances near 8, 14, 20, and 26 Hz. The inset shows the full spectrum to 1600 Hz recorded from 2018 hr to 2020 hr on 8 July 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-8-a-lightning-discharge-reported-by-the-british-met-10gapgkd.png Figure 8. A lightning discharge reported by the British Met Office at 2232 hr on 28 August 2009 and a consecutive sprite recorded at all of the ADU network sites around the world. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-a-sprite-observed-in-europe-from-the-pic-du-midi-akdxm1um.png Figure 7. A sprite observed in Europe from the Pic du Midi and recorded along with its parent lightning strike at three of the ADU sites at 0307 hr on 2 September 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-10-the-timing-accuracy-of-the-elf-network-of-four-2ycb8hba.png Figure 10. The timing accuracy of the ELF network of four instruments is ∼30 ms as indicated by the distribution function g of the sum of arrival time differences calculated from the geolocation of ∼680 lightning discharges observed between 28 and 30 August 2009. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-9-a-map-of-the-adu-locations-showing-the-great-1d5nk4ec.png Figure 9. A map of the ADU locations showing the great circles lines from the sprite (spt) observed in Europe on 2 September 2009, and the lightning discharge (ltg) reported by the UK Met Office on 28 August 2009 and recorded by the ADU network showing a potential consecutive sprite (Figure 8). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-left-time-differences-between-two-adus-sampling-a-2-c7qeignh.png Figure 1. (left) Time differences between two ADUs sampling a 2 V, 20 Hz square wave at 4 kHz. (right) Time differences between two ADUs sampling 100 mV peak‐to‐peak random noise at 4 kHz. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-the-time-differences-between-two-adus-for-160-3rrep8p8.png Figure 2. The time differences between two ADUs for 160 triggered events sampling (at 4 kHz) natural signals observed at Wittstock, Germany, between 0930 hr and 1130 hr on 7 July 2008. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-the-spectrum-at-eskdalemuir-scotland-exhibits-four-2y737zo6.png Figure 4. The spectrum at Eskdalemuir, Scotland, exhibits four Earth‐ionosphere cavity resonances near 8, 14, 20, and 26 Hz. The inset shows the full spectrum to 1600 Hz recorded from 0821 hr to 0823 hr on 15 June 2009. https://scispace.com/papers/worldwide-sustainability-hotspots-in-potato-cultivation-2-3y63bdvh19 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-average-nitrogen-surplus-n-fertilization-minus-n-2mgiy7z7.png Fig. 3 Average nitrogen surplus (N fertilization minus N harvested) of potato cultivation (kg N ha−1 cycle−1). Note that the data are given on a per-country basis (see Fig. 1), unlike the data in the rest of the paper which are given per grid cell https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-total-cropland-area-in-a-grid-cell-divided-by-area-of-2m3zv9sw.png Fig. 2 Total cropland area in a grid cell divided by area of land with slope <2%, for grid cells where potatoes are grown. At values <1, all cropland could in principle be located on land with <2% slope. At values >1, at least part of the cropland must be located on land with slope >2% https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-left-a-relationship-between-chemical-fertilizer-n-use-2lo48lok.png Fig. 1 Left a Relationship between chemical fertilizer N use per hectare per country for potato production, mostly based on expert judgement (IFA 2002 data). Right b All data points below a fertilizer N input of 5.3 kg N per ton of fresh tuber yield were moved up to this value https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-average-late-blight-risk-from-1961-to-1990-for-a-2v4fy6d8.png Fig. 4 Average late blight risk from 1961 to 1990 for a susceptible potato cultivar, expressed as the sum of blight units for the highest yielding 3 month growing season per locality for potato growing areas only. From Sparks (2009). Reproduced with permission https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-ghg-emission-per-ton-fresh-potato-yield-kg-co2-eq-t-1-dp6dwl68.png Fig. 5 GHG emission per ton fresh potato yield (kg CO2-eq t −1). See text for explanation https://scispace.com/figures/fig-6-grid-cells-where-harvested-potato-area-0-and-with-red-1by4ayb6.png Fig. 6 Grid cells where harvested potato area >0 and with (red) or without (green) a biodiversity hotspot according to Conservation International (http://www.conservation.org) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-potential-hotspots-in-potato-cultivation-60gbp5is.png Table 1 Potential hotspots in potato cultivation https://scispace.com/papers/worms-vs-perimeters-the-case-for-hard-lans-592qaxe6oj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-a-the-conceptual-view-of-a-network-perimeter-b-ojepe4pk.png Fig. 1. (A) The conceptual view of a network perimeter. (B) Firewalls and NIDS as a coarse-grained network perimeter, monitoring the Internet traffic to a large institution. (C) End-host anti-virus viewed as a perimeter monitoring all I/O on the host system. https://scispace.com/papers/written-education-materials-for-stroke-patients-and-their-zqasxzvnd1 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-participants-perceptions-of-the-topics-about-which-13ilg6qe.png Table 4. Participants’ perceptions of the topics about which clients with stroke should receive written information during acute care and after discharge https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-participants-perceptions-of-the-professionals-5obiw6d6.png Table 3. Participants’ perceptions of the professionals providing the most written education materials to patients https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-patient-characteristics-influencing-participants-xcnk4ftc.png Table 2. Patient characteristics influencing participants’ decision to provide written materials https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-computed-tomography-on-a-cellular-polysiloxane-under-20a5ppd48j 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-4-mechanical-properties-of-polysiloxane-foam-of-48-28u97f2i.png Table 4. Mechanical Properties of Polysiloxane Foam of 48% Porosity. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-compressive-stress-strain-curve-for-open-cell-3f2hwj7k.png Figure 6. Compressive stress-strain curve for open cell polysiloxane foam of density 0.615 g/cm3. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-specimen-dimensions-at-uniaxial-compressive-states-eunieglk.png Table 1. Specimen dimensions at uniaxial compressive states. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-at-left-x-ray-images-of-0-30-and-60-compressed-foam-2ke01jgy.png Figure 3. At left: x-ray images of 0%, 30%, and 60% compressed foam specimens across midsection. At right: respective grayscale variation plots of average CT number as a function of pixel number. Specimen width of 1.27 cm equates to 128 pixels. Note that grayscale plots include data for specimen only, and not the specimen holder (seen as a u-shape in the x-ray images). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-ct-number-average-for-center-plane-of-specimens-1sdvmugt.png Figure 4. CT Number Average for Center Plane of Specimens https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-example-volume-containing-a-dispersed-void-phase-2hjr0sau.png Figure 2. Example volume containing a dispersed void phase, the content of which can be determined by cross-sectional lengths shown (from Kampf). https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-data-summary-for-polysiloxane-foam-as-a-function-of-3c9xilv0.png Table 3. Data Summary for Polysiloxane Foam as a Function of Compression. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-5-comparison-of-relative-cellular-polymer-density-and-2fur04vb.png Figure 5. Comparison of relative cellular polymer density and mass attenuation coefficient for 22.5 keV x-rays, as foam is compressed. Straight lines project values for solid polymer as the 100% compressed foam. https://scispace.com/papers/x-ray-imaging-with-compound-refractive-lens-and-microfocus-x-4egcnqvjqf 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-8-5-times-demagnified-x-ray-image-of-mesh-1000-taken-3twt85jc.png Fig. 8. 5 times demagnified X-ray image of mesh #1000 taken with lens #2. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-photo-of-the-capillary-filled-by-epoxy-concave-2g6emd4b.png Fig. 2. Photo of the capillary filled by epoxy concave microlenses. Capillary diameter is equal to 200 microns. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-demagnified-m-0-2-x-ray-tube-focal-spot-image-taken-2crih8de.png Fig. 4. Demagnified (M = 0.2) X-ray tube focal spot image taken with lens #2 and the X-ray micron resolution CCD camera. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-shows-images-of-x-ray-tube-focal-spot-captured-by-x-4wim64nm.png Fig. 3 Shows images of X-ray tube focal spot captured by X-ray digital CCD camera (RX 1C) with lens#1 at different magnification M: a) a = 150 mm, b = 400 mm , M = 2.7 ;b) a =218 mm, b = 218 mm , M = 1 ; c) a = 450 mm, b = 144 mm , M = 0.32. Tube voltage = 40 kV, current = 1 mA, exposition was equal to 0.2 s. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-images-of-x-ray-tube-focal-spot-at-a-different-tube-2cdpdls3.png Fig. 5. Images of X-ray tube focal spot at a different tube voltages: a) U = 32 kV, b) U = 34 kV, c) U = 36 kV, d) U = 38 kV, e) U = 40 kV. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-images-of-a-x-ray-beam-formed-by-the-lens-when-the-jcwnozzb.png Fig. 7. Images of a) X-ray beam formed by the lens when the object is absent; (b) mesh #1000. (c) - result of subtraction of image (a) and image (b). https://scispace.com/papers/xenon-gpsc-high-pressure-operation-with-large-area-avalanche-1rsawmhyjt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-detector-energy-resolution-for-22-kev-x-rays-a-and-59-2lcnvmk0.png Fig. 3. Detector energy resolution for 22-keV X-rays (a) and 59.6-keV g-rays (b) as a function of E/p in the scintillation region, for the different pressures. Error bars are smaller than symbols size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-detector-relative-amplitude-as-a-function-of-e-p-in-1jz70qpr.png Fig. 2. Detector relative amplitude as a function of E/p in the scintillation region, for the studied xenon pressures and for 59.6-keV g-rays. Error bars are smaller than symbols size. https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-operating-conditions-for-the-lowest-energy-28j5v0z8.png Table 1 Operating conditions for the lowest energy resolutions achieved with the present detector https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-schematic-of-the-present-gpsc-instrumented-with-a-cetq5r79.png Fig. 1. Schematic of the present GPSC instrumented with a LAAPD photosensor substituting for the PMT. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-4-lowest-detector-energy-resolution-as-a-function-of-3ilzbz4h.png Fig. 4. Lowest detector energy resolution as a function of pressure for 22, 30 and 60 keV. Error bars are smaller than symbols size. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-typical-pulse-height-distributions-obtained-with-the-ldh4jv9f.png Fig. 5. Typical pulse-height distributions obtained with the detector for X- and g-rays from 109Cd (a) and 241Am (b) radioactive sources, for different xenon-filling pressures. https://scispace.com/papers/xml-based-iupac-standard-for-experimental-predicted-and-53txsi53mm 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-31-linking-of-property-constraint-variable-parameter-and-1k4ob4f2.png Fig. 31 Linking of property, constraint, variable, parameter, and constant information both within a ThermoML file and between a ThermoML and ThermoMLEquation file. Particular schema elements through which the linking is accomplished are indicated on the figure. Within ThermoML, the elements Property [complex], Constraint [complex], Variable [complex], and Equation [complex] (shown in the figure) are immediate subelements of the major blocks PureOrMixtureData and ReactionData. The dotted box encloses the subelements of Equation [complex] involved in linking of equation information. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-11-structure-of-the-reactiondata-block-audmd8wl.png Fig. 11 Structure of the ReactionData block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-19-structure-of-the-property-complex-element-in-the-3gbxt4pj.png Fig. 19 Structure of the Property [complex] element in the PureOrMixtureData block with expression of uncertainties (CombinedUncertainty [complex] and PropUncertainty [complex]) and precisions (PropRepeatability [complex], PropDeviceSpec [complex], and CurveDev [complex]) expanded. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-9-structure-of-the-prediction-complex-and-19sa3ymm.png Fig. 9 Structure of the Prediction [complex] and CriticalEvaluation [complex] subelements. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-30-structure-of-the-thermomlequation-schema-for-2ckmfzvm.png Fig. 30 Structure of the ThermoMLEquation schema for definition of equation representations. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-major-components-of-the-thermoml-schema-1enllvd0.png Fig. 1 Major components of the ThermoML schema. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-structure-of-the-sample-complex-element-of-the-1roduh59.png Fig. 5 Structure of the Sample [complex] element of the Compound block. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-29-structure-of-the-element-covariance-for-equation-sz3p4djx.png Fig. 29 Structure of the element Covariance for equation representation. Covariance is a subelement of Equation [complex] (Fig. 23). https://scispace.com/papers/y380q-novel-mutation-in-receptor-binding-domain-of-sars-cov-khlcl1asg7 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-consensus-and-additional-mutations-and-indels-3kybt4oh.png Table 1. The consensus and additional mutations, and INDELs observed in the amino acid sequences from eight SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects. In red the novel RBD spike protein mutation. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-rbd-mutation-regions-of-the-lmm52630-subject-in-1rvss0qx.png Figure 4. RBD mutation regions of the LMM52630 subject in contact with neutralizing antibodies. (A) The comparison of the mutated sequences with the wild type. Below, the structural model with the selected residues, depicted (red color) for wild and mutated RBD region. The model of the monomer was obtained from the 7CWL PDB structure. (B) The contact region among the RBD (pink), the Fab CR3022 neutralizing antibody (light and heavy chains, represented in blue and green colors, respectively) and the residues C379 and Y380 (red). (C) The same RBD region contacting the neutralizing antibody EY6A (the light chain in purple and heavy in grey). (RBD) Receptor binding domain. (WT) Wild type. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-prevalence-of-s-dropout-profile-from-may-to-october-ihru7962.png Figure 1. Prevalence of S dropout profile from May to October 2020, the dates correspond to the Monday of each epidemiological week. (A) Number of positive RT-PCR assays, blue columns represent the raw counts of positive assays identified by S gene target and red columns the raw counts of S dropout (characterized as undetected RT-PCR by S, and detected by ORF1ab and N gene targets). (B) Percentage of S dropout over epidemiological week with an increase of undetermined results of the S gene target on the 10th August week, (8/26, 30.8%, P = 0.007). https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-physicochemical-modifications-of-mutations-in-the-b-3gs2g9j4.png Figure 3. Physicochemical modifications of mutations in the B.1.91 lineage and RBD region (C379W, Y380Q, V395A). (A) The PDB 7CWL crystal with the model generated for the spike protein monomer is detached in pink. Variants' positions at the tridimensional structure surface are highlighted in red. The neighbor residues C379 and Y380 are depicted together, while the V395* is buried and not perceptible at the surface. Both regions (D614 and D839) of the B.1.91 lineage are in exposure regions of the spike protein surface. (B) The SARS-COV-2 ancestor lineage (represented by C379, Y380, V395, D614 and D839 residues) was compared to the G614 and Y839 residues of the B.1.91 variant of concern (VOC), and to the mutations presented by the LMM52630 subject (namely: G614 and Y839 of B.1.91 lineage, in addition to W379, Q380 and A395 from RBD residues) considering the electrostatic potential (EP) (orange rectangle) and hydrophobicity (blue rectangle) properties. The epogram (color bars) presents the electrostatic distances (ED) of the mutated models compared to the https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-sars-cov-2-complete-genome-phylogenetic-tree-the-4k4d466l.png Figure 2. SARS-CoV-2 complete genome phylogenetic tree. The Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis under General Time Reversible allows a proportion of invariable sites, and the substitution rates were inferred empirically in MEGAX web server applying 200 replicates and 1000 bootstrap. https://scispace.com/papers/yap-and-mrtf-a-transcriptional-co-activators-of-rhoa-4qs5m3ordo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-growth-proliferation-and-lethality-are-dependent-on-892hp9dw.png Fig. 2 Growth, proliferation, and lethality are dependent on YAP and MRTF-A. shRNA control or knockdown YAP or MRTF-A GSC-23 cells labeled with IRFP720 were intracranially injected into syngeneic nu/nu mice. a–c Brain tumor growth was monitored by measuring fluorescence emission at 720 nm using an FMT 2500 Fluorescence Tomography System (Perkin Elmer); *p < 0.05 vs. shControl (n= 6). a Representative fluorescence molecular tomography images of mice engrafted with GSC-23 shControl, shYAP, and shMRTF-A. b, c Relative fluorescence quantification from separate experiments using different shRNA knockdown cells per group. d Representative images of mouse brain cross sections showing the effect of shYAP and shMRTF-A on brain tumor compared with shControl at 15 days post intracranial injection (H&E, hematoxylin and eosin stained). e Representative H&E images of mitotic figures from different brain tumor xenograft conditions at high power magnification (HPM, ×40). f Mitotic figures quantification of five fields from two brain cross sections per xenograft condition (**p < 0.01 vs. control, n= 4 animals per group). g Kaplan–Meier survival curve. Control and knockdown survival curves were significantly different using the Mantel–Cox test (n= 6) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-5-yap-dependent-or-mrtf-a-dependent-gene-expression-in-i8663a9k.png Fig. 5 YAP-dependent or MRTF-A-dependent gene expression in GSC-23 cells and in GSC-23-derived tumors. a–d Control, YAP, or MRTF-A shRNA knockdown GSC-23 cells were growth factor starved for 24 h and then stimulated for 1 h with 0.3 μM S1P. Lysates were subject to quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA levels (qPCR) for TF, HBEGF, CCN1, or MYC genes; *p < 0.05 vs. shControl untreated (n= 3). e–h Tumors from mice injected with shControl, shYAP, or shMRTFA knockdown GSC-23 cells were removed at the time that the control group showed neurological signs, total RNA isolated, and mRNA levels analyzed by qPCR for TF, HBEGF, CCN1, and MYC genes; *p < 0.05 vs. shControl (n= 6 from two separate experiments done in triplicate) https://scispace.com/figures/fig-7-s1p-induced-cell-proliferation-is-dependent-on-both-236m3r8j.png Fig. 7 S1P-induced cell proliferation is dependent on both YAP and MRTF-A and their downstream target genes. Twenty-four hours of serum-starved (a) wild-type, YAP, or MRTF-A knockout 1321N1 glioblastoma cells or cells transfected for 48 h with (b) siMYC or siCCN1, and (c) with siTF or siHBEGF, were treated with 0.3 μM S1P and cell number determined at 8, 24, or 48 h using a cell counter or microscopic methods. Data are expressed relative to untreated control at each time point; *p < 0.05 vs. siCon (n= 9, of three separate experiments done in triplicate) https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-rhoa-dependent-genes-upregulated-by-s1p-and-fnsrncaq.png Table 1 RhoA-dependent genes upregulated by S1P and dependent on YAP, MRTF-A, or both YAP and MRTF-A. Data obtained from RNA-seq analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 knockout 1321N1 cells stimulated with S1P for 1 h. Values are expressed as S1P-induced increase (fold over untreated) in the three cell lines. Genes in italics are transcription factors/transcriptional regulators. Genes in bold were selected for further study. The expression of genes in A was decreased at p < 0.01 compared to WT in YAP knockout cells; genes in B were decreased at p < 0.01 compared to WT in MRTF-A knockout cells; genes in C were decreased at p < 0.01 compared to WT by either YAP or MRTF-A deletion. Venn diagram shows transcriptional co-activator dependence of the 44 most highly downregulated genes https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-yap-and-mrtf-a-are-both-required-for-maintenance-of-3q6cun5q.png Fig. 1 YAP and MRTF-A are both required for maintenance of stem cell properties in GSC-23. a shControl, shYAP, or shMRTF-A knockdown GSC-23 cells were seeded at different doses into 96-well plates. The total number of spheres per well per dose per replicate per group was quantified at 14 days in culture and analyzed using the extreme limiting dilution analysis (ELDA) using at 0.95 confidence interval. Left panel, the estimated stem cell frequency in each shRNA group determined by ELDA. Right panel, plot of sphere-forming frequencies using ELDA analysis. b shControl, shYAP, or shMRTF-A GSC-23 cells were dissociated and single cells plated into 24-well plates coated with hydrogel microwells. The size of the sphere in each microwell was quantified after 14 days in culture. Left panel, bar plot quantification. *P < 0.05 vs. shControl (n= 5). Right panel, representative brightfield sphere images in microwells. c mRNA expression analysis of cancer-associated stem cell genes by qPCR in GSC-23 shControl, shYAP, and shMRTF-A knockdown cells (n = 3 biological samples with three replicates each, **p < 0.01 vs. shControl, two-way ANOVA) https://scispace.com/papers/yb-doped-ky-wo4-2-planar-waveguide-laser-3ojyewsdgo 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-3-comparison-of-relative-laser-output-power-versus-1rousi3f.png Fig. 3. Comparison of relative laser output power versus resonator length L for a 6 mm long glass:Yb bulk sample and a 6 mm long KYW:1.2 at. % Yb surface waveguide. Inset, setup of the linear laser cavity; Lp, focusing pump lens; M1, plane dichroic mirror; M2, output coupler ROC =−5 cm . https://scispace.com/figures/fig-2-laser-output-power-versus-absorbed-pump-power-of-a-17-hlauwrde.png Fig. 2. Laser output power versus absorbed pump power of (a) 17 m thick surface and (b) 17 m thick buried KYW:Yb planar waveguides for different transmissions of the output coupler. Inset (a), setup of the Z-shaped laser cavity. Lp, focusing pump lens; M1, M2, M3, high reflecting mirrors (M2, M3; ROC=−10 cm); M4, plane output coupler. https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-as-grown-22-m-thick-buried-ky-wo4-2-1-8-at-yb-2pwkfe7h.png Fig. 1. As-grown, 22 m thick buried KY WO4 2 :1.8 at. % Yb waveguide: (a) optical micrograph of the polished end face, (b) guided Yb3+ fluorescence and pump light in the planar waveguide and intensity distribution. https://scispace.com/papers/yellow-fever-vaccine-an-updated-assessment-of-advanced-age-38pcohzkc6 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-diagram-of-yellow-fever-vaccine-yel-adverse-events-1pjhhkrl.png Fig. 1. Diagram of yellow fever vaccine (YEL) adverse events, 1990–2002.N, number of reports; VAERS, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System; AEFI, adverse events following immunization; YEL-AVD, yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease; YEL-AND, yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-reporting-rates-and-reporting-rate-ratios-for-yellow-3uw672gw.png Table 3 Reporting rates and reporting rate ratios for yellow fever and typhoid vaccine adverse events by age in the U.S. military, 1998–2002 https://scispace.com/papers/yet-another-network-simulator-4ozpv5kak4 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-snir-fun-tion-over-time-16gnym75.png Figure 1: SNIR fun tion over time https://scispace.com/papers/yin-yang-representation-of-financial-crisis-a-korean-3dlfvj66cb 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-overview-of-the-economic-magazine-front-cover-38onucs0.png Table 1: Overview of the economic magazine front cover dataset sampled over the period 2007-2012. https://scispace.com/figures/table-3-correlation-coefficients-between-parameters-and-each-151t135e.png Table 3: Correlation coefficients between parameters and each parameter with the sum of parameters. P-values are given between parenthesis. https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-yin-and-yang-contents-of-korean-vowels-the-short-372gr19g.png Table 2: Yin and Yang contents of Korean vowels. The short lines indicate if a vowel is Yin, Yang or intermediate. https://scispace.com/papers/yoga-and-immune-system-functioning-a-systematic-review-of-4reeu6chqt 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-continued-1dr8yzfm.png Table 1 continued https://scispace.com/figures/fig-1-prisma-flow-diagram-showing-the-study-selection-2fxocq5w.png Fig. 1 PRISMA flow diagram showing the study selection process https://scispace.com/papers/yo-a-time-of-arrival-receiver-for-removal-of-femtosecond-1bej2dyo7y 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-receiver-system-block-diagram-28vd3zbm.png FIGURE 2. Receiver system block diagram https://scispace.com/figures/figure-4-dynamic-stimulus-response-test-plots-of-499-mhz-2hya4e1f.png FIGURE 4. Dynamic stimulus-response test plots of 499 MHz phase-loop control (a) and error signals (b), performed using HP89410 Dynamic Signal Analyzer. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-receiver-system-overview-28khcmvv.png FIGURE 1. Receiver system overview. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-6-yo-receiver-output-response-of-499-mhz-phase-3gzkmvmp.png FIGURE 6. YO! Receiver output response of 499 MHz phase control signal vs. Dogleg magnet setting. https://scispace.com/figures/figure-7-demonstration-of-immunities-to-beam-intensity-a-and-2fxtd6jv.png FIGURE 7. Demonstration of immunities to beam intensity (a) and beam position for X (b) and Y (c). TDC bins each represent 35 ps. https://scispace.com/papers/youth-aids-and-rural-livelihoods-in-southern-africa-35ueg7vf69 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-2-berthas-storyboard-1zdonfqy.png Figure 2: Bertha’s storyboard https://scispace.com/figures/figure-3-the-sustainable-livelihoods-approach-adapted-from-3bxfxc3q.png Figure 3: The sustainable livelihoods approach (adapted from Carney, 1998) https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-hiv-prevalence-among-youth-in-southern-africa-data-2s2628e0.png Figure 1: HIV prevalence among youth in southern Africa (data taken from UNAIDS 2006) https://scispace.com/papers/ypp1-ygr198w-plays-an-essential-role-in-phosphoinositide-3nn13u6xjj 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-the-yeast-strains-used-in-this-study-1bst7h30.png Table 1. The yeast strains used in this study https://scispace.com/papers/youth-ice-hockey-coaches-perceptions-of-a-team-building-3lxgk0wvo5 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/table-2-conceptualization-of-the-team-building-program-3uonvktz.png Table 2 Conceptualization of the Team-Building Program https://scispace.com/figures/table-1-background-and-accomplishments-of-each-coach-1ggz5dxm.png Table 1 Background and Accomplishments of Each Coach https://scispace.com/papers/zinc-incorporated-microporous-molecular-sieve-for-mild-2a5u6bf5qn 2025-02-24 https://scispace.com/figures/figure-1-gvl-catalytic-results-after-24-hours-reaction-for-3szzuobq.png Figure 1. GVL catalytic results after 24 hours reaction for (Zn-)AlPO-5 and (Zn-)ZSM-5. 40wt% GVL/water solution with flow rate 0.016ml/min was pumped into a fixed bed stainless steel reactor that hosted 0.5g of the catalysts sandwiched by quartz wool plugs. The carrier gas was N2 with a feed rate of 3 ml min-1 at reaction conditions of 397 °C and 10 bar.